Tausug – English Dictionary. Kabtangan Iban Maana

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Tausug-English Dictionary: Kabtangan Iban Maana

Tausug – English Dictionary Kabtangan Iban Maana First edition compiled and edited by: Irene U. Hassan, Nurhadan Halud, Seymour A. Ashley and Mary L. Ashley Second edition compiled and edited by: Irene U. Hassan, Seymour A. Ashley and Mary L. Ashley Index of second edition compiled by: Malcolm S. Armour

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This web edition may be cited as: Maana, Kabtangan Iban. 2018. Tausug-English Dictionary. Webonary.org. SIL International. Retrieved , from . Tausug Dictionary © 2018 SIL International® © 2013 - 2020 SIL International®

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Tausug-English Dictionary: Kabtangan Iban Maana Foreword Tausug is a language as well as the name of an estimated 350,000 people in the Sulu Archipelago1, in southwestern Mindanao and other parts of the Philippines where they have established their domiciles. Some of them have migrated to Sabah in Malaysia. As a language, Tausug is related to other Philippine languages. Many words and expressions have the same meanings as those in Tagalog, Ilocano, and some of the Visayan languages. However, it has a distinct identity of its own of which the Tausug people are proud. It is, therefore, praiseworthy that a Tausug-English dictionary has become a reality. I note with much gratification the scholarly initiatives of the Summer Institute of Linguistics-Philippines, the cooperation of the Department of Education, Culture and Sports, and the financial support of the former National Science Development Board (now the Department of Science and Technology), the Ford Foundation, and other entities to make it possible for the initial edition to be published almost twenty years ago. This second edition is a testimony of the earnestness of SIL-Philippines to come up with the updated and improved Tausug-English Dictionary: Kabtangan Iban Maana. I see this publication as an inter-cultural bridge of understanding between the Tausug culture and other cultures of the world even as it will serve to strengthen the cultural heritage of the Tausug. I certainly recommend it for use not only of the Tausug but also those in other parts of the country and elsewhere who desire to have a better appreciation of the richness and splendor of the Tausug cultural heritage, a worthy part of Philippine culture.

Santanina T. Rasul Senator Republic of the Philippines 1

The estimated population of Tausug was 350,000 at the time of the original print publication of the Tausug-English dictionary. Now there are over 1 million. Tausug Dictionary © 2018 SIL International® © 2013 - 2020 SIL International®

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Tausug-English Dictionary: Kabtangan Iban Maana Preface (1994 Edition) There are several reasons for the publication of a second edition of Tausug-English Dictionary: Kabtangan Iban Maana. One important reason is that there are no other published Tausug dictionaries available. The first edition, published in 1975, was an instant success, but the entire printing of 1000 copies was quickly sold out and a reprint was not possible because the original photographic plates were destroyed in a fire at the press in 1976. As a result there is now an eager market. Secondly, there is a societal and cultural need. The Tausug-English Dictionary is not only a light disclosing a rich Tausug heritage and culture, but also a bridge on the path to Sulu's future, encouraging communication, understanding, accord, renewal, and achievement. In a shrinking world it is increasingly important to learn to communicate with and to understand each other. Thirdly, improvements in the original dictionary have been made. The first edition of Kabtangan Iban Maana was considered to be "a start...inviting correction and expansion," and since its publication many have labored to correct and expand the original work. Now it is time to publish their efforts. Some of the improvements are as follows: a. Inaccuracies of the first edition have been corrected. (Our thanks to those of you who pointed these out.) b. More than 1700 new entries have been added, including some important, frequently used words which were previously missing, for example: patay "dead," tubig "water," hambuuk "one," lamud "mix," and tindug "stand." c. More regional variations in wording and pronunciation are noted. d. The various senses of entries are better differentiated and, in certain cases, entries that were separate have been combined. e. A larger percentage of entries which are verbs contain information about possible affixation. f. Missing cross-references have been added. Finally, the publication of this edition (like the first) aims to make available to the wider world the rich vocabulary of the Tausug language, to aid the outsider who wishes to learn Tausug, and to enable Tausug speakers to learn more English by means of the English glosses, the translated illustrative sentences, and the index in the back of the book. Seymour Ashley Summer Institute of Linguistics Dallas, Texas, U.S.A. March, 1993 Tausug Dictionary © 2018 SIL International® © 2013 - 2020 SIL International®

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Tausug-English Dictionary: Kabtangan Iban Maana Preface (1975 Edition) This dictionary is the result of a joint project of the Bureau of Public schools, the Summer Institute of Linguistics and the Coordinated Investigation of Sulu Culture. It is the first major vocabulary compilation published in the Tausug language in anything other than mimeographed form. It is not purported to be the first Tausug vocabulary ever compiled nor to have been drawn up without recourse to earlier sources. To the contrary the editors and research workers have drawn heavily from the work of Captain Francis Link, who produced an excellent unpublished dictionary in the early 1920's and from the work of Fr. Rene Copet OMI who produced a much shorter vocabulary in mimeographed form in 1957. The project begain in June of 1973 with a series of dictionary seminars conducted by Lee Ballard of the Summer Institute of Linguistics on the campus of the Notre Dame of Jolo College and it continued from that time under the supervision of the editors (Irene Hassan, Nurhadan Halud, Seymour Ashley, and Lois Ashley) and Mr. Caesar Taga, until May of 1974, when the last entries were edited. The cooperation and encouragement which made the project possible were graciously afforded by Mrs. Liceria Brilliantes Soriano, Director, Bureau of Elementary Education; Mr. Nassal Allian, Division Superintendent (Division of Sulu) and by Father Gerard Rixhon, Director of the Coordinated Investigation of Sulu Culture. Others who provided encouragement and assistance were: Mr. Pastor Cerrato, Supervisor, Division of Adult and Community Education; Mr. Julhani Malli', Division Academic Supervisor and Hadji Paradji Mandangan, District Supervisor. Funding for the dictionary was undertaken by the Bureau of Public Schools (in the form of teachers' wages), the Summer Institute of Linguistics and the Ford Foundation, through the Coordinated Investigation of Sulu Culture. The procedure followed during the project was first the preparation of a composite list of Tausug words drawn from various sources. These cards were then distributed by the editors to the public school teachers who reviewed and improved the glosses, supplied synonyms and illustrative, culturally relevant sentences in Tausug with English translations. The public school teachers who worked on the project were primarily ones assigned by the administration of the local division office to assist in the project. They usually worked on the cards in their homes reporting to the editors periodically to secure additional cards and to turn in those which they had finished. In the next step the editors added grammatical information on each card and checked the glosses and English translations for accuracy. Problems were resolved in consultation between the editors or on occasion with the teachers. The research workers who did the basic preparation of the card entries and who were awarded certificates of participation and attendance for their work in the dictionary project throughout its duration were: Miss Putli' Jahalia Abduhalim, Mr. Ihiraji Aras, Mr. Ahmad Hussin Arasa, Mr. Jupri Awab, Miss Bahay Bahjin, Mr. Samsaraji Habbi, Mrs. Salbia Habbi, Mrs. Cesaria Hadjirul, Mrs. Shirley Ismael, Mr. Durugan Ladjamatli, Mr. Julhani Malli', Mr. Hadji Paradji Mandangan, Mr. Bensali Paddam, Mr. Dadjami Sappayani, Mr. Jalani Umabong, and Mr. Edong Usman. Much of the work of formulating and processing the dictionary entries was done under difficult circumstances and some of the completed dictionary entry cards were Iost during the fire and confusion in Jolo town in February of 1974. In spite of this the project continued and has been finally completed. This speaks well of the courage and persistence of those involved. It should be noted from the start that this work is considered to be just that-a start. No pretense is made of its being either exhaustive or perfect. There are problems concerning items of basic vocabulary which were overlooked and there are problems concerning items inadequately defined. But for two reasons the decision has been made to go ahead and publish, first because this dictionary as it stands is the best and most complete produced to date and second, because it is hoped that this edition by inviting correction and expansion may serve as a basis for further study. The Tausug language is spoken by so many people and occupies such a strategic importance in the southern Philippines as to make the publication of a Tausug dictionary a necessity. The Tausug language, the mother tongue of more than a quarter million peeple and the trade language spoken throughout the entire Sulu Archipelago, has already waited too long for a dictionary which would reflect its importance and richness. Seymour Ashley Summer Institute of Linguistics Nasuli, Malaybalay Bukidnon, Philippines September, 1975 Tausug Dictionary © 2018 SIL International® © 2013 - 2020 SIL International®

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Tausug-English Dictionary: Kabtangan Iban Maana Acknowledgments The editors wish to acknowledge the many people who served as consultants for the second edition of this dictionary. There were two major consultants, Juldatag Sajili, from Parang, Sulu, and Hashim B. Usman, also from Parang, Sulu. We would like to thank Mr. Sajili for the entries he contributed and Mr. Usman for grammatical information and a number of sample sentences. In addition to them, the following people contributed valuable information (we list their names in alphabetical order and the municipality each originally comes from, all in Sulu province): Mr. Juevito G. Abogaa Maimbung Mrs. Myrna U. Abogaa Maimbung Miss Asmah Asadil Tapul Mrs. Salla Asadil Tapul Mr. Abdulmalik Asid Indanan Dr. Benjamin Bangahan Parang Miss Mussah L. Dammang Parang Mr. Monil S. Hadjiril Parang Mr Kamli Illa Mr. Muhajir Jaladi Tapul Mr. Timothy S. Que Jolo Mr. Edgar Y. Requejo Jolo Dr. Paul L. Saliba Mrs. Tayang Rose Saliba Tapul Mrs. Jamharira Udjail Maimbung Miss Rahma Udjaman Maimbung Mr. Usman also consulted with a number of other people. Some of these were furnished to him by Professor Ricardo A. Adjawie, Western Mindanao State University (WMSU), who also gave Mr. Usman access to the University library. Special thanks is given to Prof. Adjawie for this help. The people connected with WMSU with whom Mr. Usman consulted were: Mr. Abduraja I. Hamid Parang Mr. Rizal Alias Parang Mr. Julpatt Tagayan Parang Mr. Alijan Gilo Luuk Miss Salatun B. Alih Luuk Mr. Saydul Maridul Indanan Mr. Mannan Kadiri Parang There were many other people who were consulted about one or another word, some of them several times. They are too numerous to mention here. We thank them, and trust that the satisfaction of having contributed to this book will be its own reward. Keyboarding for the second edition was done by Jenny (Pederson) Wichert, Nurhayam (Aming) Quisai, Ricardo Villavieja, Azucena Alih, Merlyn Alvarez, Timothy Que, Joanne Krueger, and Kathryn Mathis. Grateful acknowledgment is also given to the computer services department of the Summer Institute of Linguistics–Philippines for facilitating the editing process, in particular to Meriam Bayo, computer operator and Barbara Altork, typesetter. Tausug Dictionary © 2018 SIL International® © 2013 - 2020 SIL International®

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Tausug-English Dictionary: Kabtangan Iban Maana Abbreviations acs

accessory

act

actor

adj.

adjective

adv.

adverb

Af

accessory focus

ag

agent

ANT.

antonym

AQ

Acquisition Verb

AR

Field of Action Verb

Ar.

Arabic

aux

auxiliary verb

b

begun aspect

ben

beneficiary

C

consonant

cap.

capitalized

Cf.

compare with

CH 1

Standard Change of Verb compound

CH 2

Result Change of State Verb compound

CV 1

Standard Conveyance Verb

CV 2

Carrying Conveyance Verb

CV 3

Speech Conveyance Verb

der.

derivative

e.g.

for example

Eng.

English

equiv.

equivalent

esp.

especially

euph.

euphemism

exp

experiencer

fig.

figurative

GENR.

generic

gimb.

gimbahanun (speech of people from the interior)

i.e.

that is

inst

instrument

intj.

interjection

lit.

literally

Lu.

Luuk

Mal.

Malay

mkr

marker

n.

noun

nb

not-begun aspect

Obf

object focus

obj

object

Of

originator focus

opp.

opposite

orig

originator

over-syn

overlapping synonym

pat

patient

pers

personal

pl.

plural

poss.

possessive

pron.

pronoun

q.v.

which see

ran

range

RC

Reciprocal Verb

rdp.

reduplicated/reduplication

ref

referent

Rf

referent focus

rel.

relator

sg.

singular

SPEC.

specific

spp.

species

ST

Stative Verb

SYN.

synonym

Tag.

Tagalog

topic (in examples below the word in)

topic marker

TV

Travel Verb

usu.

usually

v.

verb

var.

variation

vi.

intransitive (non-agentive) verb

vt.

transitive (agentive) verb

Note: In the English definitions all references to he, him, his etc. should also be taken to refer to she, her, hers etc. Tausug Dictionary © 2018 SIL International® © 2013 - 2020 SIL International®

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Tausug-English Dictionary: Kabtangan Iban Maana Dictionary Entries explained There are two types of entries in this dictionary, major and minor. 1 Major Entries Major entries are those which are given a full English gloss and usually one or more examples of how the entry is used. Minor entries, on the other hand, contain only the related major entry form, a part of speech, and a minimal gloss. 1.1 The lexical item and variants A word or affix in boldface type and at the extreme left margin of the column is the lexical item, or main entry. An asterisk at the beginning of a main entry indicates that that particular entry occurs only affixed. For example, *buuk may occur in the forms hambuuk and tibuuk but never as buuk alone. When two or more main entries are homophones they are distinguished by subscript numbers following each word, as in: daral1

“to fry an egg”

daral2

“a coconut confection”

Immediately following most entries which consist of more than one morpheme is a set of parentheses enclosing either two roots or a root and one or more affixes. The root (or roots) is (are) the form(s) from which the main entry was derived: tag'īpun

(from taga + īpun)

piyutu

(from -iy- + putu)

sasalamatan

(from CV rdp. + salamat + -an1)

For the most part, lexical items that are used only in certain regions are not marked as such. In a few cases, however, the region where a term is used is noted, e.g., in the entries tangas and tikmil. The speech of the coastal people (including the people of Jolo town), called parianun, is taken as the standard in this dictionary, and the speech of the people of the interior (tau gimba), called gimbahanun, is considered non-standard. This choice is not a value judgment. The people of the interior are not inferior to coastal people. Rather, the learner of Tausug is more likely to meet parianun forms than gimbahanun ones. For many lexical items, the pronunciation in the two varieties differs. The parianun pronunciation is listed first, followed by its gimbahanun equivalent. One regular difference between the two varieties of Tausug is that the parianun pronunciation of many words lacks a glottal stop at the end of the first syllable, whereas in gimbahanun the glottal stop is present. Since this difference is so regular, gimbahanun variants which differ from the parianun in this way are not given a minor entry, i.e., they are not listed as a separate main entry. A user of the dictionary who hears a form with a glottal stop in this position should look up the word under the spelling without that apostrophe. As an example, note: buluy (gimb. bu'luy) v. ag maka-. To get free. Tambula in pagal, makabuluy in manuk. Close the pen, the chicken might get free. But there is no entry bu'luy. On the other hand, the gimbahanun variant bu'gat does have a minor entry because the difference between it and the parianun buggat, while fairly common, is not as common as the difference noted above. Thus there is a major entry buggat which has three senses, eight glosses, and seven sample sentences, and a minor entry bu'gat with only the minimum of information: bu'gat (gimb. equiv. of buggat) n. Weight, heaviness. In cases where a variant cannot be said to be gimbahanun form or belong to any particular speech community, it is simply listed after the standard form. The variant is given its own separate entry only if it is more than one column distant from the major entry. Thus kulban is a major entry and variant kurban is a minor entry. The form parachaya, however, a variant of paratsaya, is not listed because the two would be only about a column apart. An attempt has been made to identify the immediate donor language of lexical items that have been fairly recently adopted into Tausug. The editors make no claim to exhaustiveness on this point, however, preferring to be silent where they are not sure. 1.2 Sense discrimination Many lexical items have more than one sense. In this dictionary, sense distinctions are considered more basic than part of speech distinctions. Hence the sense numbers are given before parts of speech, are set in boldface, and all of them after the first are placed two spaces out into the left margin. In a number of entries, for example taas, only major sense distinctions have been made, and senses that are closely related have been lumped together. The primary or literal sense is given first and the secondary, extended, and figurative senses are given afterward. 1.3 Parts of speech Labels indicating parts of speech immediately follow sense numbers, if there are any. Instances of multiple parts of speech are listed within the entry involved and not in separate entries. The seven parts of speech, with an example of each, are: n.

(noun)

batu

“stone”

rel.

(relator)

bābā

“while”

adj.

(adjective)

ba'lus

“rancid”

adv.

(adverb)

bakas

“formerly”

v.

(verb)

kagis

“to scrape”

pron.

(pronoun)

kamu

“you (pl.)”

intj.

(interjection)

abā

“Wow!”

1.4 Grammatical information (Stem class) For every verb, grammatical information has been included. For approximately half the verbs, the first item of this information is the verb stem class. For an explanation of the verb stem classes, see GRAMMAR NOTES, Verb Stem Classes. (Cases) The next item of grammatical information for verbs is a list of the cases of the noun phrases which can be focused items in a clause with that verb as predicate. (For an explanation of the notion of case, see GRAMMAR NOTES. Following each case name, in bold type, is (are) the affix(es) which go on the verb when that case is the focused item. For instance: *jullit v. ag mag-, mang-, -um-; pat -un. To tease, annoy (someone). Ayaw mu siya jullita. Here we see the cases Agent and Patient listed. The agent who does the teasing may be the focused item with this verb, and when it is, the verb will have one of the affixes mag-, mang-, or -um- or an affix related to one of these. Also, the Patient, the person teased, may be the focused item, and, when it is, the verb will have the affix -un or an affix related to it (see Chart 3 and Affixes in GRAMMAR NOTES). The list of cases is given below in the Verb Stem Classes section of the GRAMMAR NOTES. Two additional cases not in that list appear in the lists of cases and affixes such as in the example above. One is Actor, defined as the entity which changes unintentionally, whereas an Agent acts by intent. The other is Beneficiary, defined as the animate entity for whom/which or on behalf of whom/which an action is performed. Actor appears often in the dictionary. There are three cases, however, which are never listed with their corresponding affixes (exception noted below): (1) Beneficiary (Ben). Every action can be done for someone's benefit or on behalf of someone. Although Ben is not listed (except a few times when it is identical with Goal), sometimes an example is given illustrating a focused beneficiary. An example is the entry bī, sense 1, the last example under the verb. Ben is always focused with -an. (2) Instrument (Inst). Every action is performed with the use of some instrument. In theory, every agentive verb could focus Inst, though in fact the instrument seldom is mentioned. The affixes that focus Inst are hipag-, hipang-, and (rarely) hi- (begun aspect piyag-, piyang-, and -iy- ). The learner cannot predict when hipag- should be used and when hipang-. Usually hipag- is acceptable. (3) Non-instigative Cause. Practically every state is caused by some inanimate force. Almost every non-agentive verb can have the affix maka- (or naka-), which focuses Non-instigative Cause. (Affixes) Following each case name is one or more affixes. When two affixes are listed following cases other than Agent and Actor, the first one given is considered more correct. Note that only the not-begun aspect form (see GRAMMAR NOTES) is given. Each not-begun affix therefore represents itself and all the other inflectional possibilities for verbs when that case is focused in the clause. For example -un, the form given following the case Patient for agentive verbs, stands for itself plus the following: -iy-

purpose mode, begun aspect

-a

imperative mode (often appears in sample sentences)

ma-

abilitative mode, not-begun aspect

na-

abilitative mode, begun aspect

pag-...-un

purposive mode habituative manner-aspect, not begun aspect

piyag-

purposive mode, habituative manner-aspect, begun aspect

pa2

(the causative affix) in combination with each of the above.

Similarly, the imperative -an often appears in sample sentences under verbs that focus the Patient with hi-, and the imperative -i often appears in sentences under verbs that focus the Range or Goal with -an (see the paradigm of verbal affixes in Chart 3 of GRAMMAR NOTES). One affix which normally does not appear in the grammatical information is the so-called causative afix (pa2). This affix can occur on almost every verb. Rather than list it following every case name, the editors omit it entirely (see exception below) and note only those verbs on which it never occurs. In cases where a verb always carries the causative affix, this affix is listed as part of the entire affix for that particular focus. For example: subul 1 n. A young man, bachelor. In manga subul... v. act magpa-, -um-; pat ma-. (For a young man) to attain puberty. Di' pa kaw tūpun mamaya'maya'. Magpasubul naa kaw ampa kaw kabayaan. It's not yet fitting... When the affix mang- occurs with entries beginning with b, k, p, s, and t, mang- is given in the list of affixes even though a morphophonemic change takes place with the result that the spoken form is not simply mang- plus the stem. For explanation and examples see GRAMMAR NOTES, section 5, Morphophonemics. In the case of certain stems beginning with pang- an affix m- is given instead of -um-. The m- stands for itself and the begun-aspect form n-. These stems are actually derived stems but the editors have chosen not to enter them under the original root. Additional grammatical information is sometimes supplied, enclosed in square brackets. This information usually applies to verbs. (Reduplication of the stem) With a few exceptions, words formed by reduplicating the stem have been omitted. The reason is that these words are regular derivatives. The meaning of the reduplication is almost always either diminution of the concept or, with some verbs, to act like or pretend to be whatever the stem is. Thus words like kahuy-kahuy "small trees" and palangkalangkahun "to pamper a little bit" are not listed, nor are magpingka'-pingka' "to pretend to be lame," magisug-isug "to pretend to be courageous," and many, many others like these. Exceptions are extremely common diminutives such as bāy-bay "small house." Such derivatives are listed, however, if their meaning is irregular, for example dayang-dayang "princess" (but dayang "term of endearment and respect for a woman or girl") and datu'-datu' "doll" (but datu' "male member of a royal family.") 1.5 Usage label In some entries, immediately preceding the gloss there is a usage label enclosed in curly brackets, one of the following: Archaic, Rare, Not commonly used, Poetic, Eup. (for Euphemism), and Vulgar. In other entries, usage information is in the gloss (see 1.6). 1.6 English glosses The English gloss contains the nearest translation equivalents of the Tausug lexical item. (Scientific names, if any, precede the gloss.) For some entries (e.g., andahaw) the gloss is an explanatory equivalent since there is no adequate English translation. In many glosses there is a gloss comment, enclosed in parentheses, in addition to the gloss proper. Some examples of glosses containing a gloss comment follow: tikuy n. A confection made of sticky rice (usu. made by Chinese on their feast days). tigda'v. ST pat -um-. (For a flow of liquid or air) to become strong, heavy, hard. tigbas v. CH 1 ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To chop, hack, stab (something). The last example above illustrates another feature of the dictionary, namely that "(something)" in a gloss stands for " (someone or something)," except in cases where the semantic components of the lexical item exclude a human referent. Thus tigbas above means to chop a person as well as an object. Commas are normally used to separate overlapping synonyms in a gloss (e.g., in tigda' and tigbas above). Sometimes semicolons are used for clarity, as in the following: *tūn 2 v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un.To tolerate, bear humbly; refrain from expressing, hold (something) back; swallow (something, fig. sense). In the gloss "tolerate" and "bear humbly" are felt to be very close in meaning and somewhat different from "refrain from expressing" and "hold back." "Swallow" is somewhat different yet. But the editors do not feel that the sense should be divided into subsenses. The pronouns "he, his, him" have been used in the glosses where necessary. They are used generically and are intended to be read inclusively. 1.7 Cultural information The editors have tried to include information about Tausug culture necessary to a thorough understanding of the lexical item. This information, if present, immediately follows the gloss and is enclosed in parentheses. 1.8 Illustrative sentences For most parts of speech of a great majority of the entries, one or more sentences are given to illustrate the use of the lexical item, and an English translation of each illustrative sentence is supplied. Both the lexical item illustrated and its English translation are printed in boldface. The sentences, though not taken from text material, are acceptable Tausug sentences composed by the teachers and workers from Sulu who participated in the Tausug dictionary project (up to 1974) or by the compilers/editors or their consultants (1975-1994). Considerable effort has been made to give illustrative sentences which convey cultural information as well, e.g., attitudes and beliefs common among Tausugs, values generally held by them, and information about Islam. Examples, in translation, are as follows: Your eyes will become narrow if you're bitten by a cockroach. It's not good to slander people. The five pillars of the Islamic faith are to bear witness, to tithe, to pray five times daily, to keep the fast of Ramadan, and to make the pilgrimage to Mecca. The translations of Tausug illustrative sentences are fairly literal translations into English. If the main entry involved is a verb, then usually the illustrative sentences contain forms of the verb which represent its more common focus possibilities. Tausug pronouns do not distinguish gender, but English requires a distinction in the third person singular. The pronouns have been translated either as masculine or feminine according to what was in the mind of the Tausug speaker who supplied the sentence. 1.9 Cross references In the great majority of entries, cross-references follow the English translation of the last sample sentence. These are of eight types: (1) over-syn. = Shares at least one component of meaning with the lexical item in question. (2) SYN. = A true synonym of the lexical item in question. (3) Cf. = related semantically to the lexical item in question. In many cases, a word following a Cf. could be said to be an overlapping synonym, but the editors have been conservative and considered it only related semantically. (4) ANT. = At least one component of meaning is opposite to that/those of the lexical item in question. (5) GENR. = The name of a group or class of which the lexical item in question is a member. (6) SPEC. = A member of the group or class which the lexical item in question names. (7) (See ___ for table.) = The lexical item appears in a table under the entry ___. (8) See Appendix n. = The lexical item is listed in Appendix n. A cross-reference pertains to the part of speech under which it appears and all previous parts of speech back to the beginning of the entry or the beginning of the sense (if there is more than one sense), unless otherwise noted. A number following a cross-reference (not a subscript) refers to a particular sense of the cross-reference. Other senses of the cross-reference are not semantically related to the sense of the lexical item in question under which this crossreference occurs. 1.10 Subentries Subentries appear at the end of an entry. They are of four types: compounds, derivatives, idioms, and sayings. Compounds are lexical items formed from the juxtaposition of two other lexical items, but with a different meaning from either of them, e.g. hulas-sangsa', under the entry sangsa'. Derivatives are defined in this dictionary to be affixed forms which are themselves inflected as verbs. (The matter of derivation in Philippine languages is complex. A narrow definition of derivatives has been chosen here in order to keep as clear as possible from the "gray area" between inflection and derivation.) An example is makusug, under the entry kusug. In the case of both compounds and derivatives, only a minimal treatment is given where the comp. or der. label appears, i.e., under the main entry. Usually, only a part of speech and a gloss appear under these labels. The user must look the form up under its own main entry in order to find a full treatment. An example is as follows: kannal v. ag mang-; pat -un. To think....ponder. Subay mu kannalun in pag'ammal ibadat mu. You should think seriously of your spiritual life. over-syn: pikil tali' pangannal der. n. Mistaken thought, presumption; way of thinking, consciousness. At the entry pangannal the user will find: pangannal 1 n. Way of thinking, consciousness. Nalawa' in pangannal niya... v. ag mag-; pat -un.To think. Magpangannal muna in tau maingat ampa siya tumagna'.....pt: akkal 2 n. (Mistaken) thought, presumption. Pangannal ku dumatung siya bihayaun. I thought he would arrive now.... v. ag mag-.To form a thought or idea based on presumption. Idioms are two or more words in a syntactic construction that have a unique meaning not deducible from the meanings of the parts. Most idioms are labeled with a single part of speech. Sayings are usually whole clauses which give pieces of advice or common observations about life, often as metaphors. They are also called proverbs or adages. 2 Minor Entries A minor entry contains only a minimum of information. Its purpose is twofold: (1) to refer the user who looks up this entry to a major entry where this form is treated in full, and (2) to give a short gloss. Almost all minor entries consist of variations in pronunciation. If the variant is used in many places in the Tausugspeaking area, it is labeled as "var. of." If the variant is used in many places in the Tausug-speaking area, it is labeled as "var. of." If the variant is gimbahanun it is labeled as "gimb. equiv. of." If the variant is used on the smaller islands surrounding Jolo it is labeled "pū' equiv. of" and if used in Luuk, "Lu. equiv. of." Examples are: jinis (fr. var. ginis) n. Kind, variety. ha'lu (gimb. equiv. of hallu) n. A pestle (esp. for pounding rice). A few minor entries consist of phonetic alternations, such as the alternate -hi for the imperative marker -i with stems ending in a vowel.

Tausug Dictionary © 2018 SIL International® © 2013 - 2020 SIL International®

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Tausug-English Dictionary: Kabtangan Iban Maana Orthography 1. Introduction Asmah Haji Omar (1972) of the University of Malaya in her article "Language and the Uniformity of Spelling" notes that English, although highly criticized because of its non-phonemic writing system, is actually very consistent in its orthography since the vast majority of English words have only one spelling, no matter how atrocious that spelling may be. By contrast, Malay, which has several highly phonemic writing systems (Omar 1972), lacks standardization in the representation of its words.1 One word may have several spellings depending on the bias of the writer toward one or another of the various systems of writing. In regard to spelling systems, Tausug is very much like Malay2 since for the most part there is a one-to-one relationship between phonemes (distinctive sounds) and the graphic symbols, and like Malay there is widespread lack of uniformity as to how individual words should be spelled. The purpose of these paragraphs is (in view of the alternative choices available in writing Tausug) to give an account of the practical orthography used in this dictionary. It is hoped that this account will give insights into some of the problems involved in writing Tausug and contribute also to the development of a standardized system of writing. It is assumed that any orthography (including the one presented here) will undergo refinement. Deletions, additions, and adaptations will be made till a stable system of writing emerges. 2. Inventory of Symbols Tausug does not have a highly complicated sound system as do some languages of the world. It has only three vowel phonemes, /a/, /i/, and /u/ (a fact which undoubtedly facilitated the adoption by the early people of Sulu of Arabic, or Jawi, script, or "sulat Sūg," as the Tausug call it) and 19 consonant phonemes distributed in basic syllable patterns which, except in instances involving semivowels, permit consonant clusters only at syllable boundaries. The 19 segmental consonants are displayed in the phoneme chart below: Chart 1 Consonantal Phonemes of Tausug Bilabial

Alveolar

voiceless

p

voiced

b

Alveo-palatal

Velar

Glottal

t

k

ʔ

d

g

Stops

Fricative Nasals

h m

n

ñ

ŋ

Affricates voiceless

͡ tɕ

voiced

d͡ʑ

Sibilant

s

Lateral

l

Vibrant

r

Semivowels

w

y

In the practical orthography used in this dictionary, the above phonemes are written just as they appear in the chart except for ʔ, ŋ, ñ, ͡ tɕ and d͡ʑ. The glottal stop is symbolized in intervocalic position by the absence of any other symbol, as in liug "neck," pais "skin," and laung "quotative." Elsewhere it is indicated by an apostrophe, as in kura' "horse," ta'ping "jaw," and mag'usiba' "to despoil." The alveopalatal nasal is written ny, as in dunya "world," and the velar nasal is written ng, as in patung "bamboo." The voiceless alveolar palatal affricate is written ch, as in bichara "to speak," and the voiced alveopalatal affricate is written j, as in janap "a kind of working bolo." 3. The Symbolization of Length There is also a phoneme of length with both vowels and consonants. With vowels, it is symbolized by a macron written above the vowel, as in īpun "slave," mūs "borrow," and kakās "rake." In the case of consonants, it is symbolized by writing an identical consonant, as in gallang "bracelet," laggu' "bigness, size," sawwal "split-leg pajama type trousers," and Jayyari "man's name." 4. The Symbolization of the Phoneme u Some writers of Tausug, influenced by their knowledge of other Philippine languages, symbolize the vowel u, particularly in word-final position, with the letter o. However, in Tausug the difference between the vowels o and u is not distinctive. There are no two Tausug words whose difference in meaning depends on the difference between o and u. A Tausug speaker may say balu or balo; there is no difference in meaning. Both words mean the same thing—a widow. Therefore we conclude (within limits) that most Tausug speakers hear the sounds o and u as similar, if not the same. Consequently there is no need to use both o and u when writing Tausug (even though other Philippine languages may have a sound difference which makes semantic difference between words involving o and u.) It is essential in Tausug, in order to avoid confusion, that only one symbol be used for these two sounds. It is preferable to choos u since it is the sound which occurs the more frequently of the two. 5. The Symbolization of Glottal Stop 5.1 The apostrophe The basic principle which guides the orthographer in his work is that each distinctive sound (phoneme) must have one and only one distinctive symbolization. (There must be a one-to-one phoneme-grapheme relationship.) This means that each distinctive sound should be written the same way in each occurrence unless other considerations dictate to the contrary. Ideally, then, in Tausug it would be best to write even the glottal stop with only one symbol wherever it occurs (a hyphen or grave accent or apostrophe or any symbol—so long as it is consistently used). However the orthographer is forced, by other factors outside his control, to alter this basic principel somewhat. Current usage and related language usage are two such factors. For Tausug this means, for example, that no glottal stop will be written intervocalically (following Tagalog precedent and accepted practice in schools). The word "yes" will be simple huun and not hùun, or huun or hu'un. The word "skin" will be pais and not pàis or pa-is or pa'is. Note the implications of this rule. It means that to be consistent (the major objective of all orthography) no word may be written containing two contiguous vowels except words which contain a glottal stop between the (seemingly) contiguous vowels. Therefore words like suysuy "rumor," and bāy "house" may not be written suisui and bāi since, following the rule given above, such a symbolization would posit a glottal stop between the contiguous vowels. Some writers of Tausug regularly use h to symbolize word-final glottal stop. Other writers use the grave accent but the position taken in this dictionary is that all occurrences of glottal stop which are not intervocalic should be symbolized by an apostrophe. 5.2 Reasons for using the apostrophe Practical reasons for using the apostrophe as a symbol are: a. It is available on all typewriters and printing machines (in contrast to the grave accent).3 b. It shows that the glottal stop comes after or before the vowel, in contrast to the grave accent, which makes it seem as though the glottal stop is simultaneous with the vowel. Compare batà with bata' "child," taỳ with tay' "excrement," and sumbaỳ with sumbay' "slaughter." c. Use of the apostrophe will avoid giving the symbol h a double value. Compare bahu' with bahuh "stench." d. It avoids confusion from two values being assigned to the hyphen. To illustrate, compare nag-anad "to learn" and taping "jaw" with anak-apu' "descendants" (a compound word) and adlaw-adlaw "daily" (a reduplicated word). In the first two words the hyphen functions as a glottal stop, but in the last two it merely shows where compound or reduplicated words are joined. Confusion will be avoided if the above four words are written as follows: nag'anad, ta'pingi, anak-apu', and adlaw-adlaw. e. Use of the apostrophe limits the number of symbols for glottal stop to two instead of three. 6. The Symbolization of High Vocoids All six possible vocoid combinations in Tausug present problems in orthography because they involve at least one high vocoid. 6.1 The ai combination. Wherever this vocoid sequence occurs it should be spelled ay as in: bāy

“house”

bayta'

“to tell”

ayaw

“don’t”

aymuka

“facial appearance”

sayng

“banana”

kayt

“safety pin”

gulamay

“digit”

sumbay'

“slaughter”

The last words of the above list might have been spelled saying, kayit, and sumbayi'. However, since such spelling would give rise to on-glides and extra syllables which do not occur even in artificially slowed speech, it is preferable for accuracy and simplicity to write only the y as in the first examples. A concise statement is thus possible: wherever ai occurs (without a medial glottal stop), it will always be spelled ay (not ayi). 6.2. The au combination Wherever the vocoid sequence occurs it should be spelled aw as in: sāw

“anchor”

sawm

“under”

jawm

“needle”

taw'

“to hold in store”

bawang

“garlic”

asawa

“wife”

Some of the above words might have been written as sawum, tawu', jawum, etc. However since spellings would give rise to on-glides and extra syllables which do not occur even in artificially slowed speech it is preferable to write only the w. A short precise statement is thus possible: wherever au occurs (without a medial glottal stop), it will always be spelled aw (not awu). 6.3 The ia and ua combinations Word-initially, these combinations should be spelled ya and wa respectively: yan

“there” (near speaker)

yari

“here”

yaun

“there” (farther than yan)

way

“none”

wajib

“necessary”

wadjit

“type of rice confection”

In other positions, the ia and ua combinations should be spelled iya and uwa respectively in conformity with Tagalog and in order to avoid violating the rule previously adopted that when two vowels are written next to one another a glottal stop is to be pronounced between them: siya

“he, she, it”

biya'

“like

diyā

“carried”

duwa

“two”

buwa

“rock (a cradle)”

buwahan

“lanzones”

A helpful rule to remember as to how to write the combinations ai, au, ia, or ua is that, when either i or u occurs next to a, it should always be written as a semivowel y or w. 6.4 The ui combination This sequence presents more problems than the others because both vocoids are high ones and so both could be treated as consonants. In most occurrences it seems best to treat the sequence as a vowel-consonant sequence uy (similar to ay and aw) in order to concord best with non-suspect CVC patterns in the language and cause the least syllable distortion. Note the following: babuy

“pig”

suysuy

“rumor”

luuy

“pity”

dūy

“drive away”

tuyu'

“diligent”

guyud

“abduct”

dūyan

“durian”

One might be tempted to spell the above words uwi instead of uy. Note, however, what would happen with the word dūy, for instance, if it were spelled dūwi. When one adds the imperative suffix -a, the word becomes a three-syllable word (dūwiya "drive it away") which is not how the imperative sounds. Even an abnormal slowing of speech does not give rise to three syllables. The final argument against spelling such words like dūy as dūwi is the fact that in actual speech whenever the verb dūy occurs with an objective or referential suffix, the suffix always takes the form (-un, -an, -a, or -i) which normally follows stems ending in consonants, not the form (-hun, -han, -ha, or -hi) which normally follows stems ending in vowels. When the u of the ui combination occurs next to the a vowel, the combination should be written as wi, not uy. Note that the w in the following words occurs in the initial consonant slot of CV and CVC syllable patterns. kawin

“marry”

gawi

“purpose”

lawig

“to anchor”

ilawi

“light it for me”

6.5 The iu combination When the i of the iu combination occurs adjacent to the vowel a, the iu will be written yu. kayug

“thin”

tayum

“type of sea urchin”

bayu

“pound with pestle

sayu

“consciousness”

In other positions the iu should be written iyu. Note that the y occurs in the initial consonant slot of CV and CVC syllable patterns. siyu

“who”

liyu

“beyond”

siyum

“kiss”

siyumu

“become bored, disinterested”

7. The Symbolization of Compound and Reduplicated Words All compound words and all reduplicated words will be spelled with a hyphen between the isolatable parts of the word: kasi-lasa

“love”

daub-daya'

“end over end”

hulas-sangsa'

“blood and tears”

usug-usug

“little boy”

tahun-tahun

“yearly”

ambak-ambak

“accordion”

1

In Malaysia today there are at least four spelling systems: the Ejaan Sekolah, Ejaan Wilkinson, Ejaan Kongres, and Ejaan Bersama Malaysia-Indonesia. This profusion of writing systems (with its attendant confusion) prompts Omar to say that the immediate need of the Malay language is one standardized spelling system which will give confidence to teachers, administrators, office workers and people in all walks of life who use written Malay. 2

It should be noted here that the comparison made between Tausug and Malay is only a rather general comparison since the two languages differ greatly in development, number of speakers, and national prestige. 3

In materials produced by the Bureau of Public Schools, word-final glottal stop is not symbolized. In private talks at the Division Office in Jolo, however, the editor was told that this was not due to any reluctance on the part of those producing the materials, but rather to a lack of diacritic marks at the printers. Tausug Dictionary © 2018 SIL International® © 2013 - 2020 SIL International®

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Tausug-English Dictionary: Kabtangan Iban Maana The Tausug Alphabet The alphabetical order in which the main entries of this dictionary are listed is as follows:

' a b ch d g h i j k l m n ng ny p r s t u w y Note that the apostrophe, symbolizing glottal stop, precedes all other letters. Note also that the letter k is in a different place from previously, following a directive of the Komisyon Sa Wikang Filipino. In addition, ng and ny are treated as units following the alveolar nasal n. Accordingly, for example, the word sa'bu precedes the word sabab because glottal stop comes before b. The word santuk precedes the word sanga since ng is treated as a single unit following n. Finally, vowel length is ignored in alphabetization. When two words differ only in that a vowel of one is short while in the other it is long, the word with the short vowel is listed first (for example ipun "tooth" immediately precedes īpun "slave".) Tausug Dictionary © 2018 SIL International® © 2013 - 2020 SIL International®

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Tausug-English Dictionary: Kabtangan Iban Maana Grammar Notes 1. Parts of Speech 1.1 Nouns Nouns are of three types: (1) simple, (2) derived, and (3) complex. (1) Simple nouns are affixed or affixable roots which are only inflected for diminutive aspect. e.g., batu "stone," kura' "horse," bāy-bāy "small house." (2) Derived nouns consist of a root and a derivative affix, e.g., ka-datung (nominalizer - to arrive) "arrival". (3) Complex nouns are nominalized transforms of verbs and as such have verbal inflection, e.g., piyag-bunu'-an "place where a battle was fought." 1.2 Relators Relators signal the grammatical relationships between verbs and their associated nominal phrases, e.g., sin "non-topic actor," in "topic," ha "oblique." Binī

(sin)

tau

(in)

sapi'

(ha)

bagay

niya

buy

(nontopic act.)

man

(topic)

cow

(oblique)

friend

his

"The man bought the cow from his friend." Relators also signal relationships such as possession, coordination and subordination. possession: sin bay

(sin)

tau

dayahan

house

(poss.)

man

rich

"house of the rich man" coordination: iban ista'

(iban)

sibuyas

fish

(and)

onions

"fish and onions" subordination: bang (Bang)

dakula'

in

ista',

bīhun

ku

(If)

large

topic

fish,

buy

I

"If the fish are large, I'll buy them." 1.3 Adverbs Adverbs are particles which are non-relational and are attributive to the construction in which they occur. They include such functions as: time:

bakas “previously;” kaina “a while ago”

quotation:

kunu' “quote”

uncertainty:

baha' “pray tell;” kalu-kalu “perhaps”

surprise:

tuwi' “oops”

negation:

di' “not”

interrogation:

ka “question”

limitation:

na “completive;” pa “incompletive;” da “only”

obligation:

subay “should”

1.4 Pronouns Pronouns are words which have compounds of person, number, and proximity and substitute for noun phrases. They are either personal or non-personal (demonstrative). They divide into four classes according to their function on the clause and sentence level. The following charts display their relationship to the phrase sets (see section 2, Phrase Types) of the language. Chart 2a Personal Pronouns of Tausug Phrase Membership

Phrase1

Phrase2

Phrase3

Phrase4

Pron. Class





Speaker:

Hearer:

Other: Speakerhearer:

sg.

aku

ku/ta

kāku'

aku

pl.

kami

namu'

kāmu'

kami

sg.

kaw

mu

kaymu

ikaw

pl.

kamu

niyu

kaniyu

kamu

sg.

siya

niya

kaniya

siya

pl.

sila

nila

kanila

sila

sg.

kita

ta

kātu'

kita

pl.

kitaniyu

taniyu

kātu'niyu

kitaniyu

Chart 2b Demonstrative Pronouns of Tausug Phrase Membership

Phrase1

Phrase2

Phrase3

Phrase4

Pron. Class





near or touching speaker: this

in ini

sin ini

ha ini

near to hearer: this

in yan

sin yan

ha yan

yan

away from speaker and hearer, but within sight: that

in yaun

sin yaun

ha yaun

yaun

far away from both (remote) that

in yadtu

sin yadtu

ha yadtu

yadtu

ini

The class of pronouns functions in the same way as Phrase1. The set functions like Phrase2, like Phrase3, and like Phrase4. 1.5 Adjectives Adjectives, like nouns, are affixed or affixable roots which are inflected only for diminutive aspect. They contrast with nouns, however, in that they occur in attributive slots. Adjectives are of two types: simple and derived. Simple adjectives are unaffixed roots which are only inflected for diminutive aspect. Examples are dakula' "large," asibi' "small," dakula'dakula' "somewhat large," pula "red," and baliskat "inverted." Derived adjectives consist of the adjectival prefix ma- plus a root, e.g., ma-dayaw (phonetically marayaw) "good," mataud "many," ma-bahu' "odorous," and ma-bagunbun "dusty." 1.6 Interjections Interjections are exclamatory in nature. They consist of one or more words and usually occur at the first of the sentence periphery, e.g., ā! "oh," andu' kailu! "sympathy," ay kaw naa! "hey," and abā! "wow." 1.7 Verbs 1.7.1 Inflection Verbs contrast with the other parts of speech in that they are obligatorily inflected for time-aspect, focus, and mode. Categories of time-aspect are: begun (b) or not begun (nb). Categories of focus are: originator (of), object (Obf), accessory (Af), and referent (Rf) (see section 3, Focus). Categories of mode are: purposive, abilitative ("able to/happen to,") and imperative. The following is a paradigm of these obligatory affixes with the verb duhal "to hand over," and, for object focus, kaun "to eat," since duhal does not occur with object focus. Chart 3 Obligatory Verbal Affixes of Tausug

Verbs are also optionally inflected for causative voice and for manner-aspect. The above chart with the causative affix added is as follows: Chart 4 Causative and Obligatory Verbal Affixes of Tausug

Categories of manner-aspect are: Simple (mag-/nag-), use with Originator focus only. Punctiliar (-um-/-im-), with Originator focus only. Note in the chart of obligatory affixes above that either Simple or Punctiliar is obligatory in Originator focus, Purposive mode. Punctiliar manner-aspect does not co-occur with any other affixes except Progressive and Diminutive. Progressive, normally used with begun aspect, not with not-begun aspect. Formed by reduplicating the initial consonant and vowel of the stem, e.g., nagduruhal siya "he/she is/was in the process of handing over" and kiyakaun niya "he/she is/was in the process of eating (it)." Diminutive, formed by reduplicating the entire stem, e.g., kimaun-kaun sila "they snacked" and langug-langugun ta "let's tease (them) a little." Reciprocal, formed by reduplicating the entire stem, prefixing the first stem with mag-, and both infixing and suffixing the second stem with i, e.g., magduhal-diyuhali sila "they will hand things to each other." Habituative (Frequentative). The following is a chart of the obligatory affixes with Habituative added. Note that there is no habituative form focusing the object in Abilitative Mode: Chart 5 Habituative and Obligatory Verbal Affixes of Tausug

1.7.2 Stem Classes Verb stems are classed according to the case relationships inherent in the verb stem and each class of verb stem has its own distinctive class meaning and pattern of affixation. About half the verb stems in this dictionary have tentative stem class identifications marked. Others are not marked since the analysis is not yet complete. For a full discussion of stem classes, see section 6, Verb Stem Classes. 2. Phrase Types 2.1 There are four phrase sets in Tausug, called phrase1, phrase2, phrase3, and phrase4. Each phrase set includes substantive phrases and pronouns. Substantive phrases are personal or non-personal. They may be further subdivided into simple and coordinate. 2.2 Substantive phrases are relator-axis phrases and differ from one another in the different relators and their different functions on the clause and sentence level. A formula for the simple phrase is as follows: + relator

+ axis any substantive with its modifiers

in

The formula for the coordinate phrase is as follows: + relator

+ head expression

in

any substantive with modifiers

+ connector

+head expression

iban

phrase2/any substantive with modifiers

2.3 The members of the class of connectors marked iban in the formula above are: kay "connector of personal nouns," iban "and," atawa "or." The members of the class of relators marked in are on the chart below.

Chart 6 Tausug Relators Marked in Phrase1

Phrase2

Phrase3

Phrase4

hi

hi

kan/kanda

hi

pl.

hinda

hinda

kaynda

hinda

Non-personal substantive phrase relator:

in

sin

Personal substantive phrase relator: sg.

ha (location); pa (direction)

0

3. Focus 3.1 The term focus in Tausug refers to the special relationship between the topic noun phrase (phrase1) of a clause (marked by in, hi, or hinda) and the clause predicate whereby that particular noun phrase is highlighted or focused. This relationship is indicated by verbal inflection. It has relevance not only at the clause and sentence level but seems to function at the paragraph level as well and perhaps at the discourse level; e.g., in the sentence, Kiyaun sin iru' in ista'. "The fish was eaten by the dog.", the relator in marks ista' "fish" as being in topic focus relationship to the predicate kiyaun "eaten." The non-topic agent relationship of phrase2 sin iru' "by the dog" is marked by the relator sin. 3.2 Four focus constructions are differentiated: Originator (Of), Object (Obf), Referent (Rf) and Accessory (Af). The range of affixation in each instance is determined by the class membership of the verb stem with which the affix occurs. 3.2.1 Originator focus affixes (mag-, -um-, and others) indicate that the grammatical originator of the clause is the topic or item being focused in the clause. In the example Naglawag

siya

iban.

Of=b=search

topic=orig=he

obj=companion

"He searched for a companion.", the originator focus affix occurring with the verb "search" indicates that the originator he is the focused item or topic. 3.2.2 Object focus affixes (-un and others) indicate that the grammatical object of the clause is the item being focused. Lawagun

sin

sundalu

in

iban

Obf=nb=search

orig-mkr

orig=soldier

topic

obj=companion

"The soldier will look for his companion." The grammatical object "his companion" is the focused item or topic. 3.2.3 Referent affixes (-an and others) indicate that the grammatical referent of the clause is being focused. Lawagan

ta

kaw

manuk.

Rf=nb=search

orig=pron=I

ref=you=sg

obj=chicken

"I'll look for a chicken for you." The grammatical referent "you" is the focused item or topic. 3.2.4 Similarly, acessory focus affixes (hi- and others) indicate that the grammatical accessory is the focused item or topic. Hipanglawag

mu

in

palitaan.

Af=nb=search

orig=you=sg

topic

acs=lamp

"Use the lamp for searching." Here the grammatical accessory "lamp" is the focused item or topic. For an explanation of the semantic relationships of focus affixes see Section 6, Verb Stem Classes. 3.3 The relationship of the four grammatical constructions to phrase sets 1, 2, and 3 that expound them is illustrated in the following chart involving a change of state verb. It is important to remember that the constructions permitted and the relationship of the phrase sets to those constructions depend on the stem class membership of the verb involved. Chart 7 Relationship of Tausug Focus Constructions to Phrase Sets Predicate

Originator

Object

Accessory

Referent

mag-CH 1

Phrase1

Phrase2

Phrase2

Phrase3

CH 1-un

Phrase2

Phrase1

Phrase2

Phrase3

hi-CH 1

Phrase2

Phrase2

Phrase1

Phrase3

CH 1-an

Phrase2

Phrase2

Phrase2

Phrase1

3.4 Phrase set 4 (ph4) functions as an emphatic, filling the predicate slot of a non-verbal classificational clause: Ikaw

in

bagay

ku.

predicate=you=(ph4)

topic

friend=(ph4)

poss=my=(ph2)

"You are my friend." 3. Focus Tausug Dictionary © 2018 SIL International® © 2013 - 2020 SIL International®

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Tausug-English Dictionary: Kabtangan Iban Maana Maps The Tausug regions are indicated by #97 under the name Suluk on the Ethnologue map of Sabah, Malaysia.

The Tausug people also reside on two islands of the southern Philippines, indicated by #132 on the Ethnologue map.

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Tausug-English Dictionary: Kabtangan Iban Maana Appendices Eight appendices are given following the main body. The first four pertain to the animal kingdom. Animals are listed in one of these appendices in accordance with the way Tausugs classify them, not in accordance with the scientific taxonomy. Appendix 5 deals with plants. Again, plants are grouped in this appendix according to the Tausug way of classifying. Appendix 6 lists the parts of the human body, more or less in order from head to foot. Appendix 7 lists selected indigenous confections (bangbang). Here the classification is that of the editors, not necessarily that of Tausugs themselves. Appendix 8 lists words for various diseases, classified from a Tausug viewpoint. Tausug Dictionary © 2018 SIL International® © 2013 - 2020 SIL International®

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Tausug-English Dictionary: Kabtangan Iban Maana Appendix 1: Birds and Flying Insects (Manuk-manuk) agap

parrot

ampan dulu

locust; large grasshopper (Robinia pseudoacacia)

angsaꞌ

goose

apipilaꞌ

large red winged house ant (Momemenium pharaonis)

assang

pigeon (family Columbidae)

bakakka

kingfisher

bānag₁

dragonfly

bangaw

large white bird

bawd

imperial pigeon

billiꞌ

a bird of prey billiꞌ būd

carcass-eating bird

bubulantuk

woodpecker

bugguk

egret, any species

buka-buka

flying lizard

bunga suga

cicada

dundunay

nicobar pigeon (Caloenas nicobarica)

hamaꞌ

a type of small mosquito that gives a stinging bite

hamud-hamud

variety of small housefly; gnat; fruit fly

hilam

mosquito

itaw

button quail

itik

a type of domestic duck

kabaꞌ-kabaꞌ

butterfly

kabug

fruit bat; flying fox

kabulig

wasp

kalagiaw

variety of bird

kalasiyaw

swallow

kalaw

hornbill

kamasu

white nutmeg pigeon (Myristicivora bicolor scop.)

kangag

green parrot

kanguꞌ

punaladas; red breasted pigeon (Phleganas)

kuhaw

species of pigeon

kulahuk

a species of owl

kulisiꞌ

lorikeet

kutubibang

lice of carabao

kuuk

cockroach

labuyuꞌ

wild chicken

lambitung

firefly

lampinig

wasp

lanji-lanji

a small field bird

langaw

large fly; bluefly; horsefly

linggisan

frigate bird; man-o-war (family Fregatidae)

lukluk

owl

luy luyit

cicada-like insect

manatad

Indian bronze-winged dove (Chaleophaps indica salve)

manaul

white-breasted sea eagle (Haliaeetus leucogaster)

mandasiyang

glossy starling (Lamprocorax panayansis)

manuk

domestic chicken

mangha

wild pigeon

māpati

short-billed, gray-headed pigeon (Phapitreron brebinostress tweed)

maya

weaver bird (Munia fagori Mart.)

niuri

red parrot

pabuꞌ

turkey

patuꞌ

a type of domestic duck

pawpit

lark

paymping

water pipit

pikut

common housefly

pilik-pilik

green-headed bee bird (Merophs Philippinus L.)

pipintut

variety of bird

punay

green pigeon

pussukan

species of bee

saguksuk

cuckoo

sak

variety of bird

sambal

albatross

sāmbulaan

species of hawk (king fishers)

sayaw

edible-nest swallow (Collocalia spp.)

saykukuwak

white-breasted water hen

sugit-sugit

mud-dauber wasp

tabun

a large type of quail

tadul

a small bee

tagad-tagad

cricket

tallaꞌ-tallaꞌ

sea gull

tārul

stinging flying insect (smaller than wasp)

tawsi

hornbill (family Bucerotidae)

taygtig

bittern

tihilaw

oriole (Oriole acrorhychus Vig.)

tiigan

variety of bird

tikbiꞌ

ticwee buzzard (Butastur indicus Gmel.)

tilaw-tilaw

mosquito larvae

tiyung

Javanese mynah (related to starling)

tudi

fly larvae

tukling

Philippine rail

ukꞌuk

slender-billed cuckoo dove (Macrophygia tenuirostris Bonaparte)

ulꞌul

oriole

undan

wild duck of any species

ungkut-ungkut

beach flea

uwak

crow; raven Tausug Dictionary © 2018 SIL International® © 2013 - 2020 SIL International®

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Tausug-English Dictionary: Kabtangan Iban Maana Appendix 2: Fish and Swimming Sea Creatures aluwan

mudfish; snake-head mullet; murrel (Ophicephalus spp.)

anak bung

cavalla; pampano (family Carangidae)

babakan

porcupine fish

bahabaꞌ

russel snapper (Lutianus russelli)

bahuꞌ-bahuꞌ

brown striped snapper (Lutianus vita)

bakukku

fresh water porgy (Sparus berda)

bānak

Any of various kinds of mullet fish (family Mugilidae)

bānak kipak

large-scaled mullet (Mugil Vaigiensis)

bāngasan

Branded barracuda (Sphyraena jello)

bangus

milkfish (Chanos chanos)

batad

a kind of eel (Congragadus spp.)

bawis

siganid (Teuthis spp.)

bigaung

theraponid grunt (several varieties) (Pelates quadrilineatus; Therapon spp.)

bingki

small-scaled flying fish (Cypselurus oligolepis)

bukān

Any of several wrasse fishes (family Labridae)

bulan-bulan

tarpon (Megalops cyprinoides)

bunaꞌ

leaf-fish (Platax orbicularis); drepanid

bung₁

siganid (Teuthis spp.)

bung₂

jellyfish (not called istaꞌ)

butitiꞌ

Puffer (family Tetraodontidae)

dalag

mudfish; murrel (Ophicephalus striatus)

dapak

red snapper (Lutianus spp.)

gadja minaꞌ

variety of whale or ocean monster

gula-gula

malabar cavalla

guntul

variety of fish

ibis

balabac barb (Puntius ivis)

ilak

striped rudder fish (Kyphosus lembus)

indangan

surgeon fish (Acantharus bleekeri)

indung

salt water eel (generic)

ipun-ipun

the young of the catfish (Flotosus anguillaris)

istaꞌ

fish (generic)

istaꞌ putiꞌ

Any of various kinds of cavalla fish (family Carangidae)

istaꞌ putiꞌ bilu-bilu

Spotted cavalla (Caranx Stellatus)

jungjung

non-spotted halfbeak (Hemiramphus far)

kahumbu

Whale (never called istaꞌ but sattuwa).

kālukaꞌ

fabled sea monster; octupus (not called istaꞌ but sattuwa).

kamang

Lizard fish (Saurida argyrphanes rech)

kamdaman

Big-eyed porgy (Monotaxis grandoculis)

kandaman

Bulls eye fish (Psriacanthos tayenus)

kandayan

Sailfish

kanuus

Squid

kappuꞌ

scorpion fish

kappuꞌ dagmay

Sargassum fish

kasig

Sardine (Sardinella spp.)

kasil

Swamp eel (fresh-water) (Synbranchus bengalensis)

kaytan

shark (generic)

kaytan katkat

sawfish (Pristis spp.)

kaytan malu-malu

guitar fish (Rhynchobatus djiddensis)

kaytan pamingkungan

hammerhead shark (Sphyrna zygaena)

kaytan tukkiꞌ

a type of shark (probably genus Carcharias)

kaytan tutungan

black finned shark (Carcharias melanopterus)

kindat

a kind of small octopus

kitang

archer fish; spadefish

kiyampaw bās

blue spotted sting ray (Dasyatis kuhli)

kubal-kubal

hardtail (Megalaspis cordyla)

kugita

octupus

kulabutan

cuttlefish

kulampiraꞌ

any flatfish having both eyes on the same side, as the brills and soles

kulapu

any of a number of groupers (Tagalog, lapu-lapu) (family Serranidae)

kummi

common remora (Echeneis naucrates)

kussung

any of a family of small carnivorous, spiny-finned fishes (family Gobiidae)

kutambak

sea-bream, porgy (Lethrinus); any of several snappers (family Lutianidae)

kuwambal

variety of fish (Gynocranius grisseus)

lalung

sargassium

lambanaꞌ

striped barracuda (Sphaeraena obtusata)

lampangan

another name for bānak kipak

lampit

wrasse (family Labridae)

lappit

wrasse

laslas

convict-fish (Rachycentron canadum)

lās-lās

any of a number of kinds of fish with vertical stripes that live over rocks

lingutung

sunflower starfish

lumahan

striped mackerel (Rastrelliger chrysozonus)

lumbaꞌ-lumbaꞌ

porpoise

luppi

grunt (Plectorhinchus pictus)

lupuꞌ

scorpion fish, with poisonous sting (family Scorpaenidae)

manumbuk

swordfish

mangagat

pargo (family Sparidae)

mangali

toothless cavalla (Caranz speciousus)

mangkuꞌ

frigate mackerel (Auxis thasard); oceanic bonito (Euthynnus yaito)

mangilap

siganus (Teuthis spp.)

mangsaꞌ

banded cavalla; Philippine jack (Hynnis momsa)

maya-maya

any of several snappers (Lutianus spp.)

pagi

ray (generic)

pagi batu

eagle ray (Aetobatus narinari)

pagi manuk

Javan cow nosed ray (Rhinoptera javanica)

pagi sānga

spineless devil ray (Mobula ergoodoo Tenkee)

pagi tamimik

marbled sting ray (Dasyatis uarnak)

palig

boarfish

panit

tuna (generic)

panit gampal

yellow fin tuna (Neothunnus macropterus)

pangaluwan

banded barracuda (Sphyraena jello)

pataw

Asiatic threadfish (Alectis indicus)

payukan

hawksbill turtle

pilluk

cuckoo wrasse (Lepidaplois mesothorax B1)

pisayan

species of shrimp

pitig

horsefish

piyatay

any of the anchovy family of small fish; silversides (Atherina spp.)

piyatay anak bat

anchovy (Stolephorus spp.)

piyatay lusiꞌ

silverside (Lethrinus)

piyatay timbang

long-jawed anchovy (Stolephorus commersonii)

pugut

trigger fish (family Balistidae)

punnu

green turtle (Chelonia japonica shegel)

putiꞌ mata

spotted mojarras (Gerres filamentosus)

puyan

skipjack

salay-salay

any of several kinds of crevalle (family Carangidae)

sapsap

spotted moonfish (Mene maculata); any of several slipmouths (family Leiognathaidae)

silu

garfish

subad

bonito (Euthynnue yaito)

sulig

caesio fish (Caesio spp.)

sulig mapan

denticulated caesio (Caesio cuning)

sumpit-sumpit

archer fish (Toxotes jaculatrix peters)

taballung

cowfish (Ostracion cornotus)

tābula/tābulla

a rather small squid

tamalingking

lionfish

tamangkaꞌ

sand-diver; goby (Gobiidae Parapercis spp.)

tamarung

big-bodied round scad (Decapterus macrosomus)

tamban

Indian sardine (Sardinella longiceps)

tamban kalang

fimbriated herring (Sardinella fimbriata)

tambilawang

garfish (several species)

tamindak

mud skipper

tangbud

whiting (Sillago spp.)

tangiꞌ

Spanish mackerel (Cybium commerson)

tawti

catfish (generic); stinging catfish (Plotosus anguillaris)

tawti sumbiling

green sea catfish (Arius thalassinus)

tawti tubig

eel catfish (Clarias gilli)

tayruk

angel fish rock beauty

tibuk

coral-fish; damsel fish (Pomacentrus fasciatus)

tihik-tihik

soldier fish (family Holocentridae)

tilapiya

a kind of fresh-water fish

timbungan

goatfish (Upeneus spp.)

tulay liꞌgat

big-eyed scad (Caranx crumenophthalmus)

tulibas

an edible fish fat at the middle and thin at the tail; big-eyed herring (Ilisha hoeveni)

ubbung

dolphin

ubud-ubud

spotted halfbeak (Hemiramphis far)

ugus

parrot fish (Scarus spp.)

ullang

small shrimp, prawn, drawfish

unduk-unduk

seahorse

ūng-ūng

two-finned runner (Elagatis bipinnulatus)

utap

small fresh water shrimp; crawfish

uwaꞌ

the mature female milkfish (Chanos chanos) Tausug Dictionary © 2018 SIL International® © 2013 - 2020 SIL International®

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Tausug-English Dictionary: Kabtangan Iban Maana Appendix 3: Seashells and Seaweeds agal-agal

variety of seaweed (Gracelania lichenoides)

akal bahal

black coral (Antipatharia spp.)

bagguꞌ

cowry; shell of any of various mollusks

bagun-bagun

variety of mollusk

balagkas

kingcrab

balambangan

variety of sea urchin

bantunan

small variety of sea cucumber

bāt

large variety of sea cucumber; trepang

bulaluan

small edible sea snail

būlung

jellyfish (generic)

būlung sābay

a jellyfish with very long tentacles

duguꞌ-duguꞌ

variety of seaweed

gamay

variety of edible seaweed

gampal

variety of seaweed

gullaman

another name for agal-agal

imbaw

variety of clam

inggun

variety of cowry

jubul-jubul kumbang

sea anemone

kagang

crab (generic)

kagang kayumkum

hermit crab

kagang langkaw

spider crab

kagang santuyuꞌ

primitive crab

kagang sukay

variety of crab

kahanga

a kind of edible gastropod with a spiny shell

kaliilang

another name for kaulang

kalimangu

variety of land crab

kalung

chambered nautilus

kambuway

fresh-water edible snail

kaulang

spiny lobster (without pincers)

kaykay

variety of very small clam

kayumkum

variety of crab

kuham

oyster

kulluꞌ

mud crab

kumbang

sea anemone

kūskūs

variety of mollusk

kunaw

variety of clam

kuppang

variety of mollusk

kuting-kuting

olive shell

laak

trochus shell cone

lagtik-lagtik

variety of mollusk

lagung

variety of mollusk

lahipan dagat

sandworm

lak

top shell (Trochus niloticus L.)

lambayung

goat’s-foot shell, (Cunvulvulus)

lambiꞌ

variety of mollusk with a small cone-shaped shell (hard to suck)

lappas-lappas

The air shell, abalone (Haliotis)

lukut-lukut

kind of edible seaweed at bottom of ocean

lumut

moss, any moss like plant (not edible)

lusay

variety of seaweed (not edible)

manangkay

giant bivalve clam (Tridaena gigas)

pindi

scallops

punpun

variety of sandworm

sahasaꞌ

variety of coral

sampalluꞌ

variety of sea cucumber, trepang

santuyuꞌ

variety of mollusk

sihiꞌ

variety of edible mollusk

sikad-sikad

risoa snail

simsim

screw shell

siput

spiral helix, a name applied to several mollusks with helical shells (hard to suck)

sugit-sugit

paper nautilus, argonaut (a kind of mollusk whose female has a paper- thin shell) (Argonauta spp.)

sulaw

variety of cone shell

taba

barnacle

tagay

variety of mollusk

taliyagaꞌ

seaworm

tambayangan

variety of edible bivalve

tambiluk

a marine worm that eats wood (Teredo navalis)

tambuliꞌ

chambered nautilus (Cassis Madagscos)

tayngtung

murshell

tayum

sea urchin with long poisonous spines

tihiꞌ-tihiꞌ

variety of edible sea urchin

tipay

abalone

tuway

clam

umang

hermit crab Tausug Dictionary © 2018 SIL International® © 2013 - 2020 SIL International®

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Tausug-English Dictionary: Kabtangan Iban Maana Appendix 4: Non-flying Animals alanggaꞌ

red biting ant (usu. found in trees)

alimatuk

an animal like a leech (lives on mangrove trees)

amamatun

a snake, probably a large python

ambak

frog

ambaw

rat

ambaw tikus

mouse

amuꞌ

monkey

ananadsad

shrew

anay

white ants; termites

babuy

pig

baluwang

gorilla

bangag

variety of ant

bangking

bedbug

bauu

land turtle, tortoise

bibang

monitor lizard

bilalang

grasshopper

bili-bili

sheep

binsaluk

coconut beetle

buaya

crocodile (generic)

buka-buka

small flying lizard

bukbuk

wood borer

dupung

green viper (trimeresurus)

gadja

elephant

halimaw

tiger

hās

snake hās tangkig

sea snake

iruꞌ

dog

kābaw

water buffalo; carabao

kabal

flying lemur (Cynocepholus colaus)

kabilaw

small house bat

kalajangking/kajalangking

scorpion

kalug

earthworm; roundworm

kambing

goat

kibas

donkey

kuraꞌ

horse

kuting

cat

labud

millipede

lahipan

centipede

lawaꞌ

spider

laway-laway

land snail (generic)

lintaꞌ

leech

makut

large, black ant found under the ground

mantianak

variety of frog with very long legs (Polypedates)

mimmay

flying lemur

mūt kubing

variety of beetle

pilanduk

mousedeer, chevrotain (family Tragulidae); rabbit

pinit

small house lizard

sanam

ant

sapiꞌ

the domestic bovine (cow or bull)

sapling

caterpillar

sawa

python

sipit-sipit

earwig

suakung

a worm like a millipede, but without legs

tabil

one of several varieties of small lizard (genera Brachyneless, Riopa Sphenomorphus, etc.)

tabil niyug

a green lizard

tamagung

variety of small brown beetle

tikus

mouse

tinggawng

civet cat

titipalu

a phosphorescent centipede

tukkiꞌ

gecko (large house lizard)

tukkuꞌ

a large brown water beetle

umbut

coconut worm

untaꞌ

camel

usa

deer

uwang

monkey Tausug Dictionary © 2018 SIL International® © 2013 - 2020 SIL International®

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Tausug-English Dictionary: Kabtangan Iban Maana Appendix 5: Plants Kahuy (Trees) abukadu

avocado (Persea americana)

asam

tamarind (Tagalog sampalok) (Tamarindus indica)

atis

sweetsop; sugar apple (Annona squamosa)

bakkaw

mangrove (Rhizophora spp.)

baluꞌ-baluꞌ

a small tree used for fencing and firewood (Tagalog bani) (Pongamia pinnata)

baru

a vaceous tree, (Tagalog banago) (Thespesia populnea)

bawnuꞌ

a fruit belonging to the mango family, the fruit of which is white (Magnifera Caesia)

baymbing

balimbing/balingbing (Averrhoa carambola)

bayuk

a type of gum tree

biyabas

guava (Psidium guajava)

butun

(Tagalog botong) a beach tree with large rounded leaves and large white flowers resembling a shaving brush. The four-sided, box-like fruit are buoyant and waterproof. (Barringtonia asiatica)

buwahan

lanzone (Lansium domesticum)

chiku

chico (Manilkara achras)

dalingaw

any of several trees including the showy fire tree (Delonix regia)

daliyangaw

another name for dalingaw

dapdap

coral tree, red flowering beach tree having medicinal importance. (Erythnina spp.)

dūyan

durian (Durio zibethinus)

gawgaꞌ

(see suwaꞌ gawgaꞌ)

hamulawn

molave tree yielding a very hard wood impervious to decay. (Vitex parviflora and related species)

ibaꞌ

kamias (a tree yielding a very sour green fruit about 3 inches long) (Averrhoa bilimbi spp.)

ipil

ipil (Intsia bijuga)

jatiꞌ

teak (Tectona grandis)

jaytun/jaytuk

olive tree

kakaw

cacao; chocolate tree (Theobroma spp.)

kahawa

coffee (Coffea arabica)

kalamundin

calamansi (Citrus mitro carpa)

kalamunggay

drumstick tree/horseradish tree (Moring oleifera)

kalikit

a leguminous tree, the balete (Kinguodendron alternifolium)

kamansi

seeded breadfruit (Artocarpus camansi)

kamawnggiꞌ

a spiny woody shrub, (Tagalog kalumbibit) (Caesalpinia crista)

kambang tuli

a tree 5-10 meters high with cosmetic, medicinal, and food uses (Sesbania grandiflora)

kamiꞌ

the candle nut tree, source of oil for varnishes and paints. (Aleurites Moluccana (L.) Willd.)

kamias

a tree of the Oxalidaceae family, with small, light green squash-shaped sour fruit (Cicca acida)

kamuning

a hedge shrub/small tree with fragrant white flowers (Murray exotica)

kandiis

a 10-meter-high tree with sour but edible fruit (Garcinia rubra)

kapiladang

a labiate plant (Coleus spp.)

kapuk

kapok tree; silk cotton tree (Ceiba pentandra)

kasuy

cashew nut tree (Anacardium occidentale)

kayam

otaheite chestnut (Inocarpus edulis)

kilul

another name for kalamunggay

kulul

variety of breadfruit (Artocarpus elastica)

kumbung

variety of fruit tree of the katmon family (Dillenia spp.)

kundul

wax-gourd (Benincasa hispida)

labanus

soursop/guayabano (Annona muricata)

lagting

mangrove timber

lambaguꞌ

another name for baru

lansa-lansa

cosmos plant (Cosmos caudatus HBK)

luyaꞌ

variety of jackfruit

makupa

makopa tree (Syzygium samarangense)

malul

sampaguita

mampallam

a small variety of mango (Mangifera indica)

manakayan

lauan tree yielding Philippine mahogany

mandiri

madre de cacao (Gliricidia sepium)

mangga

common Cebu mango, larger than the mampallam

mangga kābaw

common Cebu mango

manggis

mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana)

marang

a fruit tree related to the breadfruit and jackfruit (Artocarpus odoratissima)

naga

narra (Pterocarpus indicus)

nangkaꞌ

Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus)

nunuk

strangler fig, balete (Ficus spp.)

pūt₂

a kind of tree with flammable sap

sampakaꞌ

frangipanni (Plumiera acutifolia)

sampalluk

tamarind (Tagalog sampalok) (Tamarindus indica)

sandanaꞌ

sandal-wood (Satalun album)

santul

santol (Sandoricum koetjape)

siniguelas

spanish plum (Spondias purpurea)

suwaꞌ

citrus (generic)

suwaꞌ bagun

lime (Citrus aurantifolia)

suwaꞌ gadja

pomelo (Citrus maxima)

suwaꞌ gawgaꞌ

tangerine (Citrus nobilis)

suwaꞌ iklug

lemon (Citrus limon)

suwaꞌ calamansi (Citrus microcarpa) kalamunding suwaꞌ mamis

sweet orange (Citrus aurantium)

suwaꞌ pusuran

a sweet-smelling small lemon with rough skin

suwaꞌ sinaꞌ

a thin-skinned citrus the size of an orange

tambis

tambis (Eugenia aquea)

taysay

tropical almond (a tree that grows near the shore, the leaves of which were used to blacken teeth) (Terminalia spp.)

tī

tea (Thea sinensis).

tingul

mangrove

tungug

mangrove tree

usaw

rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum)

wanni

a species of mango (Mangifera odorata)

yakal

yakal (Shorea gisok) Bāgun iban Sayul (Vines and Vegetables)

alugbati

a kind of green vegetable used in stews (Basella rubra)

antutugan

any of several of the glory trees (Clerodandron spp.)

anggul

grape

asparagus

asparagus (Asparagus officinalis)

bānag₂

a thorny vine; cat brier; green brier

batung/bātung

pea; bean; nut (generic)

batung baymbing

winged bean (Tagalog sigarillas)

batung hidjaw

navy bean; blackeyed pea

batung larut

peanut (Arachis hypogaea)

batung lupis

yard-long bean (Tagalog sitao) (Vigna sesquipedalis)

batung munggu

mongo bean (Phaseolus aureus)

bawang

garlic, or any such plant with a bulb (Allium spp.)

bawang putiꞌ

garlic (Allium sativum)

bawang pula

leek

bulakan

any of several convulaceous vines (Stitocardia spp.)

dulaw

turmeric (Curcuma longa)

ingkug

melon (Cuxumis melo)

kābasiꞌ

variety of squash (Cucurbita maxima)

kabidj

cabbage (Brassica oleracea capitata)

kabilaw

a light violet creeping vine with transparent-blue flowers (Commelina benghalensis)

kalari

taro (Tagalog gabi) (Colocasia esculenta)

kamatis

tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum)

kangkung

water vine weed (Ipomea reptans aquatica)

kangkung kuraꞌ

(Tagalog saluyot) (Corchorus acutangulus)

karuts

carrot (Daucus carota)

kinchay

a type of Chinese celery similar to parsley (Apium graveolens)

labu

long white squash (Lagenaria leucantha)

lagtang

any of several menispermaceous vines (a poison for stunning fish is obtained from the berries of one [Anamirta cocculus])

lapunyang

a wild ginger (Tagalog tumbong- aso) (Zingiber aerumbet)

lara

chili pepper plant, (Tagalog sili) (Capsicum frutescens) lara janggay

chili pepper (Capsicum frutescens)

lukiyu

young green onions

luuya

ginger (Zingiber officinale)

mamaw

a name given to the climbing aroids

maras

cucumber (Cucumis sativus)

milun

melon; cantaloupe (Cucumis melo)

munggu

mongo bean (Phaseolus aureus)

nituꞌ

climbing fern (Lygodium spp.)

paliyaꞌ

bitter gourd (Momordica charantia)

panggiꞌ bāgun

camote; sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas)

panggiꞌ kahuy

cassava (Manihot esculenta)

patatas

potato (Solanum tuberosum)

patulaꞌ

patola (Luffa acutangula)

pichay

a green leafy vegetable with white stalk (Brassica chinensis)

radis

radish (Raphanus sativus)

sampinit

wild raspberry (Rubus spp.)

sasawiꞌ

mustard

sayul bātung

(see bātung lupis)

sayul lara

bell or green pepper

sayuti

(Tagalog chayote) (Sechium edule)

sibuyas

onion (Allium cepa)

singkamas

yam bean, white turnip (a root plant with white fruit and light brown skin, usually eaten raw) (Pachyrrhizus erosus)

tagbak

any of several plants whose fruit has many many seeds and tastes both sweet and sour

talum

eggplant (Solanum melongena)

tawi-tawa

a name given to several orchids (Dendrobium spp.)

timun

watermelon (Citrillus lanatus)

tubli

a leguminous plant used as a fish poison (Derris elliptica)

ubi

a species of yam (Dioscorea alata)

ukra

okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)

uway

rattan

Continued in: Appendix 5: Plants (Part 2) Tausug Dictionary © 2018 SIL International® © 2013 - 2020 SIL International®

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Tausug-English Dictionary: Kabtangan Iban Maana Appendix 5: Plants (Part 2) From: Appendix 5: Plants Sagbut (Grasses) agukay

musk, mallow abelmosk (Moschatus medik)

andalan

candle bush (Tagalog bikas- bikas), a small tree or shrub with dark green leaves and yellow flower spikes resembling a candle (Cassia alata)

andalhit

a prickly shrub (Hibiscus suattensis)

andudukut

any of several plants having fruit that sticks to clothing (as Desmodium spp.)

atay-atay

caricature plant (Graptophyllum pictum)

bilduꞌ

any of several herbs (Coleus spp.), among them oregano

dagahit

a type of sedge (Sclenia a scrobiculata)

dahulaꞌ

a rubiaceous plant which provides a home for ants, the ant plant (Myrmecodia spp.)

dalimaꞌ

pomegranate (Punica granatum)

dantik

reed, rush

dangkaan

alexandrian laurel

dawpang

an annual plant about a meter high (Triumfetta spp.)

duknay

any of several club mosses

halumapa

a leafy spinach-like vegetable (Amaranthus viridis)

hupiꞌ

taro (Colecasia esculenta)

kawngkay

celery (Apium graveolens var. dulce)

kayapuꞌ

water lettuce; water lily

lagundiꞌ

any of several shrubs the fruit of which is believed to prevent aging (Vitex spp.)

lukut lappas

amor-seco grass (Andropogon aciculatus)

padpad

a medicinal plant whose leaves contain water, like cactus leaves

pangaga

marsh pennywort (Centella asiarica)

parang

cogon grass (Imperata culindica)

parang lubuk

variety of cogon grass

rusal

gardenia

sawnggaꞌ

touch-me-not; balsam (Tagalog kamantique) (Impatiens balsamina)

sāy

lemon grass. (Andropagon citratus)

saypantuhug

Indian snow-berry, a medicinal tree

sinaguliꞌ

any of a number of plants with small, yellow, mallow-like flowers (esp. Sida spp.)

sipug-sipug

(Tagalog macahiyaꞌ) (Biophytum sensitiyum)

sudsud₁

sedge (generic)

sulasi

an aromatic and pungent herb

tabakuꞌ

tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum)

tabug

a name given to several plants which have a small fruit on a stem, also applied to the rubiaceous shrubs (Ficus spp.)

tagunalu

a type of grass one to two meters high (Apluda mutica)

takanga

side-flower (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis)

tangan-tangan

castor-oil plant (Ricinus communis) (a number of medicinal uses)

tawkangaꞌ

gumamela (Hibiscus rosasinensis)

taybuꞌ

mushroom; fungus

tuba

croton-oil plant (Croton tiglium) Miscellaneous (Palms, Grains, Bamboos, Banana, Abaca, Papaya, Pineapple)

adlay

Job’s tears (a kind of grain) (Coix lachryma-jobi)

bahiꞌ

fish tail palm (Caryota spp.)

ballak

anahao palm

bulkaw

a broad-leafed bamboo (Dinochloa pubiramea)

bunga₁

areca palm

dawa

millet; Italian millet

gandum

corn (Zea mays)

kapaya

papaya (Carica papaya)

kayawan

spiny bamboo (Bambusa spinosa)

kisul

a zingiberaceous plant, resurrection ginger (Tagalog gusol) (Kaempferia galanga)

lahiꞌ

variety of bamboo

landang

sago palm (Metroxylon sagu)

lanut

abaca (Musa textilis)

layagan

sorghum (Andropogon sorghum)

lunga

sesame (Sesamium orientale)

nipaꞌ

nipa palm (Nipa fruiticans)

niyug

coconut (Cocos nucifera)

pangdan

beach pandan (Panicum maximum)

pangdan magi patung

fragrant pandanus (Pandanus odorus) bamboo

patung variety of bamboo (Bamboo vulgaris) sambulawan pāy

rice (Oryza sativa)

pisang

pineapple (Ananas comosus)

putan

sticky rice, a different plant from pāy, its grain is larger than that of pāy.

sabba

variety of banana (Musa sapientum var.)

sani

sago palm (Metroxylon sagu)

sardang

buri palm, a palm with large fan leaves (Corypha elata)

sayng

banana (Musa spp.)

sayng tudluꞌ

a long variety of banana

tadjaw

variety of banana

tagambil

a Malayan plant yielding resinous gum (Uncaria gambir)

tapikan

fish-tail palm

tubu

sugarcane (Saccharum officinarium)

tubu itum

a variety with a pure black stem

tubu patung

a variety with light green skin and internodes far apart

tubu a variety with striped yellow-green skin and sweet juice sambulawan Tausug Dictionary © 2018 SIL International® © 2013 - 2020 SIL International®

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Tausug-English Dictionary: Kabtangan Iban Maana Appendix 6: The Parts of the Body ū

head

pusal

crown of the head

buhuk

hair of the head

tuktuk

forehead

kilay

eyebrow

piluk mata

eyelash

mata

eye

tau-tau mata

pupil of the eye

taynga

ear

ilung

nose

pisngi

cheek

simud

mouth

higad simud

lip

ipun

tooth

ngiluꞌ

gum

dilaꞌ

tongue

takuꞌ

chin

gūnggūngan

throat

liug

neck

pugay

nape of the neck

taykud

back

daghal

chest

gusuk

rib

duruꞌ

breast

abaga/agaba

shoulder

iluk

armpit

siku

elbow

buktun

arm

tataklayan

forearm

lima

hand

pād lima/siki

palm of the hand/sole of the foot

gulamay lima/siki

finger/toe

bakul lima/siki

thumb/big toe

kukku

nail (of finger or toe)

pusud

umbilical cord/navel

hawakan

waist/waistline

tiyan

stomach

hugpuꞌ

upper hip

kamamau

lower abdomen

buliꞌ

buttock

hitaꞌ

groin

paa

thigh

tuhud

knee

pinggan-pinggan siki

kneecap

lūkunan

back of the knee

biꞌtis/bitis

the lower leg between the knee and the ankle.

bunga-bunga

calf of leg

kānting

ankle

buku-buku

ankle bone

siki

foot

tikud-tikud

heel Tausug Dictionary © 2018 SIL International®

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Tausug-English Dictionary: Kabtangan Iban Maana Appendix 7: Kinds of Confections Served at Special Occasions (Bangbang) I. Hīnang Dayn Ha Tirigu

Usual Main Ingredient Flour

A. Buwangun

Deep-fry

palikambing pān-pān panggiꞌ-panggiꞌ tabbuꞌ B. Buwangun, putusun ha sukal piyapīt, ampa gulingun

Deep-fry, dip in sugar, and then stir-fry

hantak tabid-tabid C. Daralun

Fry in a very small amount of oil

apam daral daub-dayaꞌ D. Lutuun sin baga kāyu ha taas iban ha babaꞌ

Cook by dry heat from coals above and below (bake)

bawlu katilapan E. Pausngawan

Steam

kuwitalam pasung II. Hīnang Dayn Ha Bugas

Usual Main Ingredient Rice

A. Lutuun sin baga kāyu ha taas iban ha babaꞌ

Cook by dry heat from coals above and below (bake)

sudsud₂ burha siki itik bibingka B. Buwangun

Deep-fry

panyām jā C. Lagaun

Boil

tumpung patulakan D. Pausngawan

Steam

tinga tipay E. Huwalun

Stir-fry

durul halluwa F. Tugnaun ampa gumusun

Store cooked rice airtight allowing spices to penetrate

tapay III. Hīnang Dayn Ha Putan

Usual Main Ingredient Glutenous Rice

A. Amanun

Boil

putliꞌ mandi pitis pataniꞌ B. Buwangun

Deep-fry

kitut C. Huwalun

Stir-fry

wadjit D. Pausngawan

Steam

tikuy IV. Hīnang Dayn Ha Panggiꞌ

Usual Main Ingredient Cassava

A. Buwangun

Deep-fry

lapuk-lapuk tangkuwa B. Lagaun

Boil

hapit-hapit C. Pausngawan

Steam

putu-putu V. Hīnang Dayn Ha Gandum

Main Ingredient Corn

A. Buwangun

Deep-fry

panganan sasagun B. Amanun

Boil

biyakiꞌ VI. Hīnang Dayn Ha Sayng

Main Ingredient Banana

A. Buwangun

Deep-fry

juwalan libusaw B. Amanun

Boil

bubungkung VII. Hīnang Dayn Ha Lumbiya

Main Ingredient Sago Palm

A. Sukalan, huwalun ampa buwangun

Add sugar, stir-fry, then deep-fry

dingluꞌ B. Hintian, huwalun, putusun sin tirigu, ampa buwangun

Add hintiꞌ, stir-fry, dip in flour, and deep-fry

pulluꞌ-pulluꞌ Tausug Dictionary © 2018 SIL International® © 2013 - 2020 SIL International®

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Tausug-English Dictionary: Kabtangan Iban Maana Appendix 8: Diseases Sakit Sin Pais (External Diseases) ampugud

facial eruptions; acne

āp-ꞌāp

a fungus-type skin disease characterized by white blotches on the skin

bulitmanuk

a skin rash caused by an allergy to chicken meat

bulutungu

pox scars

buruk

a disease of the scalp (common in small children, characterized by small sores)

butig

a swelling on the skin

buug

tic; tremor; Parkinson’s disease

habas

a sore in an inaccessible place on the body (as between the toes, behind the ears, or between the legs); athlete’s foot; fungus

ipit

yaws between the buttocks

kākas

ringworm

kawtkut

mange

kayskis

general term for skin disease, characterized by rough spots on and itchiness of the skin

kulap

icthyosis (a disease in which the outer skin continually flakes off in large scales or plates)

lāb

a disease that appears in reddish form in some parts of the body

lastung

paronychia (an inflammation of the folds of skin bordering a fingernail or toenail, usu. characterized by infection and pus formation)

pais maras

white scales on the skin

pangut

acne vulgaris

suplit

yaws on the soles of the feet or between the toes

tuntubig

pyodermatitis (characterized by itchy watery granules on the skin)

ugud

impetigo; other open sores (characterized by small pus-filled blisters on the skin)

ugud lugay

dermatitis; scabies

upāng

yaws Sakit Ha Lawm (Internal Diseases)

bagu

intestinal flatus (gas)

biyaning (mabiyanang)

hepatitis; jaundice

bulut

orchitis (inflammation of the testicles)

gadja-gadja

mumps

hubhub

mild chills

kawit

diabetes gangrene

kawkatik

polyuria (excessive secretion and discharge of urine)

lawm-tiyan

a disorder of the abdomen (not just the ordinary stomachache)

paladduwaꞌ

a stomach disease resulting in vomiting and defecation

panibbi

swollen gland

suka-intawꞌ

dysentery (characterized by vomiting, abdominal pain, loose stools, and fever); cholera or other acute dysentery-type diseases

tandug

severe chills; malaria

tiꞌlis

tuberculosis

tibi₁

tuberculosis

ugam

simple stomatitis (characterized by formation of tiny ulcers on the mucosa of the mouth)

ulapay

the common cold Sakit (Sin Duguꞌ) Ha Pangkat (Hereditary Diseases)

bahuy-babuy

epilepsy

dunghaw

another term for kabus

ipul

leprosy

hapus napas

shortness of breath; asthma

kabus

mental retardation

kāngug

insanity

kattuk

slight insanity

kugita pupud

cancer Sakit Kariasali (Congenital Diseases)

buta hulat

blindness with the eyes open

hungat

a speech impediment in which the voice sounds like someone speaking while panting or out of breath

kalluꞌ

stuttering

kila

hydrocephalus (characterized by the enlargement of a baby’s head)

sumbing

cleft lip and/or palate

umaw

the condition of being unable to speak; deafmute Sakit Bataꞌ-bataꞌ (Childhood Diseases)

bakag₁

colic (implies gas pain)

dangaw-rangaw

colic

ikat

scrofula of T.B. (a draining tuberculous, lymph node below the ear that drains outside the body)

intawꞌ-intawꞌ

diarrhea

kuil₁

emaciation; severe malnutrition

lattik-lattik

a disease of babies in which the stomach swells and the baby continually cries

pangkut

smallpox

sampal

measles

ubu-iruꞌ

whooping cough

utus

chicken pox Sakit Tau Maas (Adult’s or Old People’s Diseases)

buggul

kyphosis (the condition of being humpbacked)

bugun

goiter

haluꞌ

any sexually transmitted disease

kuil₂

stroke

luput jubul

hemorrhoids

patay baran (namatay baran)

paralysis

taas duguꞌ (mataas duguꞌ)

high blood pressure

ū-atay

gastritis

ungluk

a chronic constrictive lung disease Sakit Sin Mata (Eye Diseases)

bilas

conjunctivitis; inflammation of the eyes; pinkeye

bulag

a disease in which the lens becomes opaque, causing partial or total blindness; cataract

liblib

acute conjunctivitis and dacryocystitis; acute inflammation of the eyes

sirat

trachoma Tausug Dictionary © 2018 SIL International® © 2013 - 2020 SIL International®

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Tausug-English Dictionary: Kabtangan Iban Maana Tables The Days of the Week Ahad

Sunday

Isnin

Monday

Salasa

Tuesday

Albaa

Wednesday

Hammis

Thursday

Jumaat

Friday

Sabtu'

Saturday Tausug Dictionary © 2018 SIL International® © 2013 - 2020 SIL International®

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Tausug-English Dictionary: Kabtangan Iban Maana

Tausug - English a

b

d

g

h

i

j

k

l

m

n

ng

ny

p

r

s

t

u

w

y

a ā intj. (Exclamation of mild surprise) oh!; (exclamation of realization) so! Hangkan siya walaꞌ dimatung sabab adlaw ini in pagbilmaarup nila iban mayul. Ā, bunnal kaw. He didn’t arrive because today is their meeting with the mayor. Oh, that’s right. *ā v. ag mag-; pat -un. To yearn or long for (someone); wait for (someone after the time of an expected arrival). Iyaā kamu sin manga kabagayan niyu didtu. Your friends there have been longing for you. Āhun na sa kān sin inaꞌ mu bang kaw malayuꞌ na. You will be longed for by your mother when you’re far away. Nagꞌā sila kaymu bat pangannal nila kahapun in datung mu. They were waiting for you because they thought you would arrive yesterday. OV SYN. sitta, *tumtum 2

āb-āb v. ag mag-; pat -un. (Always with negative.) (Not) to expect (something); (for it) to be use(less to do something). Wayruun na āb-ābun niya umapas, malayuꞌ na siya kiyabugit. It’s useless for him to chase any more, he’s been left far behind. abꞌab (var. habhab) v. CH 1 ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To eat or drink voraciously (derogatory, connotes criticism or anger). Alla! mahinaat pa, tubaꞌ na in abꞌabun mu. Good grief! it’s still early in the morning and you’re already drinking tuba voraciously. Magꞌabꞌab sadja in hinang sin tau yan. That person is always eating voraciously. SYN. dambaꞌ, dahal aba n. Father, Dad (kinship term by which a male of Arab descent is addressed by his children). OV SYN. amaꞌ, aya, appaꞌ abā intj. (Exclamation), oh!, wow! Abā, malingkat in panamung mu! Oh, your clothes are nice-looking! aba-aba n. A tobacco pouch, betel-nut pouch.{A small pouch or bag worn on the belt or one’s back, made of various materials as thread, rattan, cloth.} OV SYN. bakaꞌ-bakaꞌ, bawyut, bāg, ambung abaga (var. agaba) n. Shoulder. Balunga siya ha abaga mu. Carry her on your shoulder. (See Appendix 6: The Parts of the Body) abal n. Rip tide (turbulence caused by the convergence of strong currents).    adj. maabal Turbulent with rip tide. Maabal tuud ha tungud Duway Bullud. The current is very turbulent near Duway Bullud.    v. act mag-, -um-. (For the ocean, a rip tide) to become turbulent. Umabal tuud in dagat bang hunas. The sea becomes very turbulent at low tide. Magꞌabal in dagat bang lumabay in kappal. There will be rip tide when a boat passes. OV SYN. sūg; ANT. linaw abanti (Tag.) adj. Winning, leading, ahead; having an advantage. Malayuꞌ na sila abanti dayn ha atu nila. They’re way ahead of their opponents.    v. ag -um-; ran -an. To be leading (in a game), take advantage (of something), get ahead. Imabanti siya dayn ha kaibanan. He got ahead of the others. Subay kaw umabanti bābā siya yari tumabang kaymu. You should take advantage (of the opportunity) while he is still here to help you. Nakaabanti na siya nagbisnis. He has already gotten ahead in business. Kamayaꞌ kaw bang magbahagiꞌ iban siya,

abantihan niya sa kaw yan. Be careful when you divide (the profits) with him, he’ll take advantage of you. abat 1 n. A mild illness caused by evil spirits or dead people.{Usu. a headache with fever. Cured simply by uttering some magic verses to drive away the evil spirit.} In abat bang makalanduꞌ makamatay da isab. If the sickness caused by spirits is too great, death can result. OV SYN.: labhaꞌ. v. ag mang-; ran ka-…-an. [Does not occur with pa₂ except when reduplicated.] To be afflicted with such an illness. Mangabat in patay bang lummian in kubul nila. The dead will cause illness if you make their graves dirty. v. rdp. ran -an. To remove such an illness through divination of the curse.{Accomplished by pulling strands of long hair and by uttering silently some magic verse.} Abat-abati in bataꞌ marayꞌ kiyaabatan sin saytan. Remove the child’s illness by divination, maybe it has been afflicted with an illness caused by demons. OV SYN.: sagda, saway, labhaꞌ, hantu. 2 v. makaabat To cause (someone) disgust or annoyance, be disgusting. Makaabat na in pagbutang mu atal yan. The way you put lipstick on is disgusting. abay v. ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To be side by side, abreast, in line with, be beside, (as a person sitting or walking). Nagꞌaabay kami nagpanaw. We were walking side by side. Abayan ku in pangantin babai pa bāy. I’ll escort the bride to the (groom’s) house. OV SYN. daig 1, suuk, tapil    n. pangabay A group of associates or attendants, entourage; running mates (in an election), any group or list of people teaming up (with someone). Dimatung na in manga pangabay sin prisidinti. The president’s entourage has arrived. Sila in pangabay sin gubnul ha iliksiyun ini. They are the governor’s running mates this coming election. abbu 1 n. Pride, arrogance, boastfulness. Nakalanduꞌ in abbu sin tau yan. That fellow’s pride is really too much. adj. abbuhan/maabbu Arrogant, boastful, proud. Marugal aku ha tau abbuhan. I detest an arrogant fellow. v. ag mag-, -um-. To boast, brag (about something). Magꞌabbu sadja kaw sin way kaingatan mu. You are continually bragging whereas you really don’t know anything. Imabbu siya sabab nagkarayahan na. He became boastful when he got rich. Hipagꞌabbu niya sadja in tawmpaꞌ niya baꞌgu. He is

always bragging about his new shoes. OV SYN.: dakag, arut, takabbul. 2 v. rdp. pat -un. To flatter, overpraise, adulate (someone). Subay abbu-abbuhun in mastal yan bat kaw makapās. You have to flatter that teacher in order to get a passing mark. OV SYN. bantug 2, bawk abi-abi v. AQ ag/goal mang-, -um-; pat -un. [Sometimes not rdp.] To invite (someone to help in the preparation for a special event such as a wedding). Iyaabi-abi namuꞌ siya magꞌari-ari sin bāy pagtiyaunan. We invited her to decorate the house for the wedding. Mangabi-abi kita ha manga bagay ha paglanuꞌ sin halaman. We will invite our friends to help clean our yard. OV SYN. *taabbit, sabi, imbayt abila (var. apabila) rel. If, when (usu. used in a warning). Abila kaw kapalian lubakan ta pa kaw. If you get a cut I’ll spank you. Abila malawaꞌ in sīn yan, kasakitan kaw. If that money gets lost, you’ll be punished. Abila kaw diꞌ magkahagad ha Tuhan tantu in ikaw yan ha lawm narkaꞌ. If you disobey God, surely you will go to hell. OV SYN. bang abin 1 v. AQ ag/goal mang-, -um-; pat -un. To pick out, select, choose (something) beforehand. Abin na kaw sin kabayaan mu. Select what you like. Abinun ku in bunga yaun bat makākuꞌ paghinug. I’ll choose that fruit beforehand so that it will be mine when it’s ripe. Umabin na kita bābā awn pa. Let’s pick out (one) while there’s still some. OV SYN. kandī 2 v. pat -un. To be possessed temporarily by an evil spirit. Iyaabin siya sin saytan. He is possessed temporarily by an evil spirit. OV SYN. pīꞌ 1, sūd1 1.1 ablang n. Width, breadth (as of a lot, board, or room).    adj. maablang Spacious, broad, vast. Maablang isab in digpiꞌ ini. This board is broad. OV SYN. lakbang, habug; ANT. matingting *tingting abu n. Ashes, fine gray residue of wood, etc.    adj. maabu Ashy.    v. CH 1 ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To scour (plates or the like) using ashes (as cleanser). Abuha in manga anglit yan bat maīg in buling. Scour-with-ashes those pots to remove the sooty dirt.    n. abuhan A cooking stove.    adj. abuhun/abu-abu Gray, grayish in color.

abuꞌ (var. of babuꞌ) n Aunt, stepmother, respectful term of address to a woman older than oneself. abug-abug v. ag mag-. To compete. In duwa magpangtungud yaun nagꞌaabug-abug ha pagꞌusaha nila. Those two cousins are competing in business. abugaw (Tag.) n. Attorney, lawyer. Kumāꞌ aku abugaw bang kami maghukum. I will get an attorney if we go to court.    v. ag mag-. [Does not occur with pa₂.] To take up or study law, be a lawyer (for someone else). Aku in magꞌabugaw kaymu. I will be your lawyer. SYN. saraꞌ 1; OV SYN. piskal; Cf. huwis, manghuhukum *hukum abughuꞌ n. Jealousy. Pasal abughuꞌ in kiyapagbugitan nila. Jealousy was the cause of their divorce.    adj. maabughuꞌ Jealous (of a loved one, esp. one’s spouse).{Carries a strong sexual component.} Maabughuꞌ siya bang awn dumā magbissara ha asawa niya. He is jealous whenever another man speaks to his wife.    v. ST pat mang-, -um-. To be or become jealous. Maytaꞌ kaw mangabughuꞌ kākuꞌ? Why are you jealous of me? OV SYN. akig abuhan (from abu + -an₁) n. A cooking stove (using wood, etc. as fuel). Maabu na in abuhan niyu. Your cooking stove is covered with ashes. OV SYN. dapulan *abunaw (Tag.) v. ag mag-, -um-; pat/inst hi-; ran -an. To pay or make additional payment (for something on someone’s behalf) and be reimbursed later. Aku in magꞌabunaw kaniya. I’ll pay for her and she’ll reimburse me later. Pila in kiyaabunaw mu? How much did you pay additionally that needs to be reimbursed? Bang way sīn mu hipagsukay abunawan ta na kaw. If you have no money for fare I’ll pay for you and you reimburse me. OV SYN. bayad; Cf. sukay1 *abung1 v. AR ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To head off (something, as when chasing animals), wait for (someone) along the way. Abungi in manuk bat diꞌ makalayuꞌ. Head off the chicken so it can’t go far. Abungi sila bang lumabay. Wait for them along the way when they pass by. OV SYN. hapaꞌ *abung2 v. ST pat ma-, mag-, magpang-; ran pag-…-an. To feel slightly dizzy (so as to cause the sight to become obscured or blurred). Naabung aku pagkitaꞌ ku sin duguꞌ. I felt dizzy when I saw the blood.

OV SYN. lamun, hilu 1 aburidu (var. bulīru) (Tag.) adj. Mentally or emotionally upset. Aburidu in ū ku sin pasal suysuy kahalubiluhan ha Lupaꞌ Sūg. I’m upset by the news of the confusion in Jolo.    v. pat ma-. To be or become upset. Maaburidu aku bang way sīn ku. I’ll be upset if I don’t have money. Makaaburidu kan inaꞌ in pagpanayam hi amaꞌ. Father’s gambling causes mother to become upset. OV SYN. hilu 2 abut 1 v. AQ ag/goal (rare) mag-, -um-; pat -un. To reach for (something, as with the hand). Abuta ba kākuꞌ in asin. Get (reach for) the salt for me. 2 v. AR ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To overtake, catch up to, be on time for (something), catch, find. Iyabutan namuꞌ in tarak ha unahan namuꞌ. We overtook the truck that was ahead of us. Samut kaw, abutan kita ulan. Hurry up or we’ll be overtaken by the rain. Iyabutan siya sin pulis nanakaw manuk. The policeman caught him stealing chickens. Kiyaabutan siya natutūg. He was found sleeping. Walaꞌ ku iyabutan in tagnaan sin sini. I wasn’t on time to see the beginning of the movie. OV SYN. saggaw 3 v. TV ag -um-; goal -un. To reach or arrive at a place, attain (to something). Way nakaabut pa Sambuwangan in lansa. The launch didn’t reach Zamboanga. Ha panaw ku ini abutun ku sampay pa lawm daira. In my walk I will reach the center of town. Unu in būk naabut mu? What grade have you attained? v. act -um-. To come up to, attain to, reach (a certain time, place, or amount); last a certain length (of time). Miyabut na in piyaglāng ku kaymu. Now you’ve come up to what I’ve been telling you not to do. Diꞌ mabut mari in latap. The flood won’t reach this place. Nakaabut hi Apuꞌ sin masa Kastilaꞌ. Grandfather went as far back as the Spanish time. Abut siya pitua sin kamaasan. He has even learned the taboos of the elders (i.e., he was born long enough ago to have lived when the elders did). Diꞌ makaabut lima mitru in kakanaꞌ ini. The cloth won’t reach five meters. Diꞌ na makaabut pa tapus bulan in bugas natuꞌ. Our rice won’t last to the end of the month. 4 vi. pat ma-. {Euph.} To die, pass away. Naabut na hi Bapaꞌ Usman kahapun. Uncle Usman passed away yesterday. OV SYN. matay derv. patay, *lindung, *wapat, *maruhum 5 adv. rdp. In quick succession, often, frequently, repeatedly. Abut-abut in pagtiligrama namuꞌ pa Sūg saꞌ way sambag. We sent telegrams to Jolo repeatedly but there was no answer. OV SYN. daran

ād n. A fence, wall (generic).    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To fence, wall (something). Subay ta ārun in uma ini. We’ll have to fence this farm. Magꞌād kami sin halaman namuꞌ adlaw ini. We will fence our yard today. Awn da kahuy niyu hipagꞌād? Do you have wood for fencing? OV SYN. sasak, kural, apis, larang adakalaꞌ (var. arakalaꞌ) rel. Otherwise, or else. Kari kaw magtuy adakalaꞌ matarasaw kaw. Come at once otherwise you will be late. OV SYN. pagkuwan 1, gana-gana 1 Adam n. Adam, the first man created by God. Hi Apuꞌ Adam kay Sitti Hawa in nanubuꞌ kātuꞌniyu katān. Our ancestors, Adam and Eve, were the progenitors of us all. adapun (var. arapun) rel. Used in speaking of something which should have been done but was not. Adapun miyadtu kaw pa dugaing tinda. You should have gone to another store. Adapun namaytaꞌ kaw sin diꞌ kaw makakari. You should have let me know that you couldn’t come. addat (var. ādat) n. Character, custom, behavior; practice, manner; courtesy.{Established norm of conduct, habitual or customary way of doing things.} Pindaha in addat mu. Change your character (for the better). Asal amuna in addat sin Tausug mamunuꞌ bang masipug. It is the natural behavior of Tausugs to kill when/if they’re put to shame. Makasipug in addat sin tau yan. That man’s behavior is despicable. Subay agarun in addat sin pagpangasawa. We should follow the customary way of asking someone’s hand in marriage.    v. ag mag-, -um-; goal pag-…-an. To respect (something), act (in a particular manner). Subay tuud magꞌaddat ha manga tau maas. We must respect the old folks. Ayaw kaw magꞌaddat bihān bat kaw diꞌ udjuun sin tau. Don’t act that way so people won’t ridicule you. Pagꞌaddatan ta in saraꞌ. We respect the law.    adj. maaddat Courteous, respectful. Maaddat tuud in Milikan yaun. Nakalabay ha raig namuꞌ, namaid pa. That American is very respectful. When he passed by us, he asked permission. OV SYN. tabiat, piil, palangay, laku addat-tabiat n. Behavior, conduct, manners. Parayawa in addat-tabiat mu ha manga tau bat kaw diꞌ makabāk kālu. Improve your behavior towards people so that you won’t have quarrels. In Muslim sabunnal-bunnal subay marayaw in addat-tabiat. A true Muslim should exercise good conduct.

Marayaw tuud in addat-tabiat sin bataꞌ yaun. That boy has very good manners. addun n. Dough, batter (a flour or finely-pounded rice and sugar mixture, etc., with liquid).{Thin enough to be poured or thick enough to be kneaded or rolled.}    v. CH 1 ag mag-, -um-; pat -un; ran/inst pag-…-an. To stir and mix a batter or a dough. Adduna in tapung. Mix and stir the pounded rice with other ingredients to make a batter. Ayaw kawaa in undam bat pagꞌaddunan ku. Don’t take the bowl because I’ll use it to mix dough in. Cf. lamugay 1 ādil adj. Just, upright, honest. In tau ādil mabuntul in hukuman. An upright person judges wisely. OV SYN. buntul 2.1    n. kaādilan Justice, honesty. Subay dihilan kaādilan in miskin. The poor must be given justice.    vi. ST pat -um-. To become honest or upright. Umādil in tau bang magad na ha daakan sin Tuhan. A person will become righteous if he follows the commands of God.    vt. ag magpa-; pat -un. To make (someone) upright, be honest. Magpaādil kaw bat awn malasa kaymu. You should be honest so that someone will love you. Ādilun ta in baran ta dayn ha dusa. We have to make ourselves clean from sin. Subay paādilun sin mastal in manga anak mulid niya. The teacher should make her students upright. adjal v. CH 1 ag mag-; pat -un. To prepare (a meal), cook (food). Adjali pagkaun in manga anak mu. Prepare a meal for your children. Hisiyu in magꞌadjal sin istaꞌ? Who will cook the fish? OV SYN. lutuꞌ 1, tugnaꞌ adjimat n. A kind of amulet.{Consists of a piece of paper with a phrase or verse written in Arabic script wrapped in a piece of cloth. It is assumed to have magic power to help its owner against any danger, injury, or sickness and is usu. worn around the owner’s waist.} Diꞌ marā mangjamban in adjimat. An amulet should not be worn while defecating. OV SYN. hampan, anting-anting 1, manik 1, buku 1, papakan, habay-habay adjung n. A galleon or sailing vessel (of olden times, usu. having more than one sail).{In oral literature, the ship used by princesses or princes.} Simakat pa adjung hi Dayang-dayang Putliꞌ. Princess Putli boarded the galleon.    v. TV ag mag-; goal -un. To sail on a galleon. Nagꞌadjung sadja in manga Kastilaꞌ mari pa hulaꞌ natuꞌ.

The Spaniards sailed on galleons when they came to our country. OV SYN. kumpit2, kappal adla n. Wariness, skittishness (of chickens and wild things). Bihayan da in adla sin manuk ku. The wariness of my chicken is like that.    adj. Untamed; wary, easily put to flight. Maadla in manuk sabab magtuy lumupad bang hibuluy. The chicken is wary, because it immediately flies away when freed. SYN. *ilat; OV SYN. talun2 ; ANT. *ām; Cf. ilag2 adlaw 1 n. Day.{A period from sunup to sundown.} Mataud in hinangun bang adlaw. There is much work to be done during the day. ANT. dūm 2 n. A 24-hour period. THE DAYS OF THE WEEK Ahad

Sunday

Isnin

Monday

Salasa

Tuesday

Albaa

Wednesday

Hammis

Thursday

Jumaat

Friday

Sabtuꞌ

Saturday

adlaw ahirat Life after death; the hereafter. Magkitaꞌ kita ha adlaw ahirat. We’ll see each other in the hereafter. OV SYN. adlaw kiyamat; GENR. adlaw mahuli adlaw hambuuk 1 The next day, the day following (a certain day referred to in the context). Magtagnaꞌ kitaniyu sin hinang ha adlaw hambuuk. We’ll start our work on the following day. OV SYN. kunsūm 2 Another day, on some (indefinite) day. Adlaw hambuuk dumatung kita didtu. We will arrive another

day. adlaw ini n. Today.{Refers to the part of the day which is future.} Adlaw ini mataud in hinang. There is much work to do today. Adlaw ini sila dumatung. They’ll arrive today. SYN. bihaun; OV SYN. adlaw yan adlaw kapagꞌanak n. Birthday. Kumugdan pitsa 21 in adlaw kapagꞌanak kaniya. Her birthday falls on the 21st. adlaw kiyamat The day of judgment, day of reckoning.{The time when the resurrection, final judgment, and reckoning will occur.} Ha adlaw kiyamat mabuhiꞌ magbalik in manga patay. On the judgment day all the dead will come back to life. OV SYN. adlaw ahirat; GENR. adlaw mahuli adlaw mahuli The end times, the hereafter.{May refer to some future event or a series of events that lead toward a person’s end.} Ha adlaw mahuli magsusun kaw bang wayruun pagtaat mu pa Tuhan. In the hereafter you’ll regret it if you didn’t have any spiritual communion with God. OV SYN. adlaw ahirat adlaw yan n. Today.{Refers often but not always to the part of the day already past.} Dimatung sila adlaw yan. They arrived today. OV SYN. adlaw ini adlaw-adlaw adv. Every day. Subay kita magkaun adlaw-adlaw. We should eat every day. adlay n. Job’s tears (a grain of the sorghum family with white seeds).{The seeds are used as beads.} Coix lachryma-jobi (See Appendix 5: Plants) āg 1 n. Difference. Unu in āg sin Muslim iban Kristiyan? What is the difference between Muslims and Christians? v. act mag-. (For something) to differ or be unequal. Magꞌāg in pagdā niya ha manga tau. His treatment of people is unequal. Piyapagꞌāg in lasa niya ha manga anak niya. (He) makes his love for his children unequal (i.e., his love is unequal). OV SYN.: biddaꞌ, labi. 2 v. ag magpa-; pat pa-…-un. To give way to (someone as when vacating a position in an office), give up (something) in favor of (another), indulge (someone, esp. as a token of affection). Pagpaāg na kaw ha manghud mu sin kindi yan. Give up that candy in favor of your younger sibling. Paāgun ta na siya lumingkud sabab bataꞌ-bataꞌ. Let’s give way to him to sit down because he is a child.

agaba (var. of abaga) n Shoulder. agad 1 v. ag mag-, -um-, mang-; pat -un, hi-; ran -an. To go or come along with, accompany, be together; include, join. Magad aku sin parhimpunan niyu. I’ll join your organization. Agad kaw mari kāmuꞌ. Come along with us. Ayaw yan agaran ha manga pamī-mī ku. Don’t include that in my purchases. Hisiyu in iyagaran mu mari? Who did you come with? Paagara na siya kāmuꞌ. Let him come with us. Nagꞌaagad sadja in duwa ini. These two are always together. Bang kitaniyu magꞌagad katān bukun mataud in gastu. If we all go together we won’t spend much. OV SYN.: *tundan 1, bunyug, lamud 1. n. aagaran Any means of transportation (as jeep, tricycle, vinta, motor launch, airplane). SYN.: sasakatan sakat. 2 v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To follow (i.e., accept as authority, obey), fulfill. Miyamagad siya sin kabayaan sin nakuraꞌ niya. He is following the wishes of his superior. Diꞌ maagad in kabayaan mu. Your wish can’t be followed. Walaꞌ niya iyagad in janjiꞌ niya kaymu. He did not fulfill his promise to you. n. pagꞌaagaran A leader, chief (of a group or community). Hi Imam Muwallam in pagꞌaagaran ha kawman namuꞌ. Imam Muwallam is the leader of our community. adj. agad-agad Compliant, agreeable to any decision (another makes). Agad-agad sila sin agihan mu. They are agreeable with whatever you say. OV SYN.: amin. agad lusay (idiom) adj. Tending to follow any leader; lacking individuality (as in thought); easily swayed. In tau agad lusay diꞌ mahinang nakuraꞌ. A person who’s easily swayed can’t become a leader. *agak v. CH 1 aux mag-; pat -un. (To do something) carefully, cautiously, slowly. Subay agak-agakun in paghugas mu sin lāy. You should wash those dishes carefully. Nagꞌagak-agak na sila miyanaw. They already walked slowly.    adj./adv. agak-agak Slow, careful, cautious; (of striking) light. Agak-agak in panaw niya. His walking is slow. Minsan agak-agak in paglubak kaniya, diyugalan siya. He got angry even though the beating he got was light.    adj./adv. maagak Cautious, careful, prudent, discreet, not rash. Subay kaw maagak magbissara ha tau diꞌ katiyuꞌ-tiyuan. You should be careful in speaking to an oversensitive person. OV SYN. hinay, lallay, luming; ANT. kasay 1; Cf. kamayaꞌ

agama (var. āgama) n. Religion, religious belief. Way agama sin tau yaun. That man has no religious belief.    v. ag mag-. To adhere to or follow a certain religion. Ayaw na kaw magꞌagama bang mu diꞌ da kabawgbugan. Don’t follow a religion if you can’t uphold it. OV SYN. taat, ibādat2 agasi n. A legendary giant, ogre. In agasi magpangaun tau. An ogre devours human beings. OV SYN. lagtaw, kukuk agaw 1 v. RC ag mag-, -um-; ran pag-…-an. To dispute (over something for its possession, as land, children, power, etc.). Nagꞌagaw sila lupaꞌ. They disputed with each other over land. Piyagꞌagawan nila in basakan asibiꞌ pagpatay sin amaꞌ nila. They disputed over the small farm after the death of their father. 2 v. AQ pat -un; goal/ben -an. To snatch, seize, wrest away, grab. Iyagaw sin sugarul in pitakaꞌ niya. The thief snatched her purse. Subay kaw magꞌayad bang kaw ha panawan bat kaw diꞌ kaagawan pitaka. You must be careful when you’re out lest you have your purse snatched. GENR. kawaꞌ1 agbay v. ag mag-; pat -un. To put (one’s) arm around (someone’s) shoulder. Agbaya ba isab in asawa mu. Please put your arm around your wife’s shoulder. agi 1 n. What one says. Unu in agi niya kaymu? What did he say to you? OV SYN. laung1 , baytaꞌ 2 v. ag mag-. To tell other people what to do, boss others, exercise control over others. Magꞌagi hadja in kaingatan mu. All you know how to do is boss others. Diꞌ kaw makapagꞌagi kākuꞌ. You can’t boss me around. v. goal kapag-…-an. To be controlled, be bossed around, be told what to do. Diꞌ kapagꞌagihan in bataꞌ ini sin maas. This child can’t be controlled by his parents. OV SYN.: *manda. kaagi (derv.) n. Way, means, method. *agid v. pat mag-. To be or look slightly similar (to something). Magꞌagid in pamayhuan nila. Their faces are slightly similar. Umagid lahipan in nakakutkut kākuꞌ. What stung me looks a bit similar to a centipede.    n. agiran Slight similarity, slight resemblance. Awn agiran sin bataꞌ yan kaymu. There’s a slight similarity between you and that child. SYN. *anggil; OV SYN. sibuꞌ; Cf. lupa2 , dagbus

*agiut v. pat mag-. To creak (as of rusted hinges, old floorboards), (for teeth) to gnash (i.e., to produce a sound by clenching or gritting). Magꞌagiut in ipun niya bang natutūg. His teeth gnash when he’s sleeping. Diyungug ku nagꞌagiut in lawang kabii. I heard the door creak last night.    adj. maagiut Creaky. Maagiut in lawang ini. This door is creaky. GENR. katingug derv. tingug agpang v. ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To obstruct, block (something from falling or escaping). Agpangi in anak mu bat diꞌ mahulug. Obstruct your child so that it won’t fall (i.e., put yourself as an obstruction). Agpangi dayn didtu sin kahuy in manuk bat diꞌ makaragan. Block the chicken with wood there so that it can’t run away. Cf. hapaꞌ, kaput1 1.1, hawid agpas n. A small fish corral. Mataud agpas kabākan ha hunasan. There are lots of small fish corrals near the seashore. agsaꞌ (var. of angsaꞌ) n A goose. agsay1 v. ag mag-; pat -un; ran ka-…-an. To disobey, fail to heed (someone’s teaching). Mangiꞌ in magꞌagsay hinduꞌ sin manga maas. It’s bad not to heed the teaching of the elders. Kiyaagsayan in maas mu manghinduꞌ kaymu. Your parents go unheeded when they teach you (i.e., you don’t obey them). agsay2 adj. Seldom. Agsay isab in pagpamisita niyu madtu pa kāmuꞌ. You seldom visit us there in our place.    v. ran ka-…-an. (For a person to do something) after not having done it for a long time. Kiyaagsayan kamu isab miyari. You haven’t come here for a long time. OV SYN. angay-angay, iyampa 1 agsay3 adv. Incidentally, by chance. Sūng na sila magtimbak, agsay miyawn nagpasulut kanila in kumandil. They were about to shoot each other when by chance the commander came to settle them. Cf. ampa agsuꞌ v. ag mag-. To refer to, consult (someone for confirmation). Sūng kita magꞌagsuꞌ sin parakalaꞌ ta pa abugaw. Let’s consult a lawyer about our case. OV SYN. *pangaru agtaꞌ n. A legendary short, black, antagonistic, ill-looking woman, evil-minded but wise.{In oral literature

such a woman is usu. a beautiful princess in disguise or one that is bewitched.} Mangiꞌ in dagbus sin agtaꞌ. A short, dark, wise woman is ugly. OV SYN. agasi agun adv. Almost, nearly. Agun siya punungun pagꞌingat niya miyatay in asawa niya. He nearly fainted when he learned that his wife died. SYN. apit; OV SYN. sūng 1.1, ambayaꞌ agung n. A brass gong. Makabisu in tingug sin agung. The sound of the brass gong is deafening.    v. ag mag-. To play a brass gong. Nagꞌagung sila ha pagtiyaunan. They played the gongs at the wedding. OV SYN. tabungguꞌ; Cf. kulintangan, ganding agung-agung mata n. The eyeball. Nabustak in agung-agung mata niya, siyuntuk sin magulang niya. His eyeball burst when he was punched by his older brother. Cf. tau-tau mata (See Appendix 6: The Parts of the Body) agusꞌus1 n. Skin rash (caused by dirt). Subay kaw mamayguꞌ sin tubig iban sabun bat maīg in agusꞌus ha baran mu. You should take a bath with soap and water so that your skin rash will go away. agusꞌus2 n. The sound made by a strong fall or rush (of a great volume of water, as a waterfall or flood), roar (of a great volume of water). Diyungug mu in agusꞌus sin tubig dayn ha sapaꞌ? Did you hear the roaring of water from the stream?    v. act mag-. (For a great volume of water) to make a roaring or rumbling sound. Magꞌagusꞌus in tubig dayn ha taas būd. The water from the mountain makes a roaring sound. Cf. lagublub agut1 n. Annoyance, displeasure (that makes someone somewhat angry). Way biyaꞌ sin agut ku ha manga kabataan nagpulak-palik sin unu-unu ku. There is nothing like my annoyance at the children scattering my things.    v. ST pat -um-, -an. To be annoyed, be displeased (so as to become angry). Agutan aku bang awn maghibuk ha saꞌbu ku nagbabassa. I’ll be annoyed if someone makes noise while I’m reading. OV SYN. amā, astul, bunsi; Cf. bungis agut2 v. act mag-. To grit (as the teeth, esp. during sleep). Sakahabaꞌ mu matūg nagꞌaagut hadja in ipun mu. Whenever you are sleeping your teeth are always gritting. OV SYN. *agiut agwanta (Tag.) v. ag -um-. To endure, put up with (something). Diꞌ aku makaagwanta sin hinang. I can’t

endure the work. OV SYN. sandal aha intj. An exclamation of surprise, triumph, or pleasure; indicator of irony or mockery. Aha! Ikaw hāti in magpangawaꞌ sin sīn ku. Oh! So you’re the one getting my money. Ahad n. Sunday. (See adlaw for table.) ahil (var. ahir) adj. Latter, modern (as opposed to olden).    n. Modern times. Ahil na bihaun. These are modern times. ANT. awwal ahirat n. The place where the departed souls go after death, the afterworld. Wayruun tau makaingat bang haunu in ahirat. No one knows where the afterworld is. ajab n. A curse.    v. pat -un. [Does not occur with pa₂. Agent is only God.] To curse. Iyajab na sila pasal mataud na in hinang nila mangiꞌ. They have been cursed because they did many evil things. SYN. suknaꞌ; OV SYN. siksaꞌ ajal n. Fate. Way tau makaingat sin ajal niya. Nobody knows his fate. SYN. kadal ajayb 1 adj. Shameless, bold. Asal ajayb in tau panakaw. A thief is ever shameless. v. ST pat ma-. [Does not occur with pa₂.] To be or become shameless. Ayaw kaw magpalangay bihayan, maajayb kaw. Don’t behave like that, you will become shameless. adj. makaajayb Causing shame. Makaajayb in magꞌutang diꞌ magbayad. It causes one shame to borrow and not pay. Cf.: sipug. 2 n. kaajayban Wonder, amazement, bewilderment, fascination. Kītaꞌ hi Nabi Muhammad in kaajayban ha surgaꞌ. Prophet Muhammad saw the wonder of heaven. v. pat ma-. [Does not occur with pa₂.] To be or become in wonder, fascinated (with something). Maajayb kaw sin lingkat niya. You will be fascinated by her beauty. OV SYN.: inu-inu 1, haylan; SYN.: tarsangngang. akal n. The final residue of coconut milk (remaining in the process of making coconut oil). Masūb kami kumaun akal bang maghinang hi inaꞌ lana. We enjoy eating the residue coconut milk when mother makes oil. Cf. sapal

akal bahal n. Black coral (from which bracelets, rings, earrings are made). In akal bahal paghinangun gallang putusun sin bulawan. Black coral is used to make bracelets wrapped with gold. Antipatharia spp. (See Appendix 3: Seashells, Seaweeds, etc.) Akbar (Ar.) adj. Great, (an attribute of God). Allahu Akbar. Allah is great. ākibat n. Attitude. Marayaw tuud in ākibat sin tau yaun. The attitude of that man is really good. Cf. addat akig n. Anger, detestation, hatred (due to envy or jealousy).    v. ag mag-, -um-; ran ka-…-an. To detest, hate, be angry at (someone because of envy or jealousy). Imakig sila kākuꞌ sabab sin marugal aku ha tau panakaw. They hated me because I’m angry at thieves.    adj. maakig Detesting, hating or feeling angry at someone because of envy or jealousy. Ayaw maakig ha tau maaltaꞌ. Don’t be enviously angry at rich people. OV SYN. bunsi, dugal, bungis, astul; Cf. amā akil bālig adj. Old enough (to discern between right and wrong, hence, expected to fulfill religious duties); sexually matured.{From Arabic akil “having full possession of one’s mental faculties”. In Muslim law books combined with bālig “grown up; of age.” Describes one who is obliged to fulfill the precepts of the law, to whom the commandments and prohibitions of the religious law refer in general.} In tau akil bālig subay na huminang sin daakan sin Tuhan. A sexually matured man must now perform his religious obligation. OV SYN. sangput akkal 1 n. Intellect, intelligence, wisdom, ability. In mānusiyaꞌ katān dīhilan akkal sin Tuhan. All people are endowed with intellect by God. Bang awn akkal mu diꞌ kaw kahunitan sin hinang ini. If you have the ability you won’t find this job difficult. In tau taga akkal maingat sumilang sin ngiꞌ dayaw sin hinang niya. A man of wisdom can discern the right and wrong course of his action. v. pat -un. To use one’s mind, wisdom, intellect (to do something). Akkalun ta bang biyaꞌ diin in kapaguy ta dayn ha jīl. We will use our minds to escape from jail. OV SYN.: pikil, taliꞌ, *kannal. 2 v. AR ag mang-; ran -an. To fool, trick, dupe, deceive (someone). Ayaw na kaw mangandul ha tau bakas nangakkal kaymu. Don’t trust again a person who has deceived you. Maluhay akkalan in tau

dupang. It’s easy to trick a stupid person. adj./n. pangakkal (Someone) prone to fool (people); one who tricks, dupes, or deceives (people). Pangakkal in tau yan. That fellow is prone to fool people. OV SYN.: dupang. akkal-buddi n. Deception by befriending (someone so that he will trust you and then afterwards harming him or stealing from him). Bang kita tumaymaꞌ unu-unu hirihil kātuꞌ sin tau diꞌ ta kakilahan, subay kita mapatung, gana-gana awn akkal-buddi. If we receive anything given by someone we don’t know, we have to be careful. There might be deception.    v. ran pag-…-an. [Does not occur with pa₂.] To deceive (someone by first befriending him), con (someone). Halliꞌ kaw bang kaw dāhun manaw sin bagay-bagay mu, gana-gana pagꞌakkal-buddihan kaw. Be careful if your casual friend invites you to go out, he might deceive you. Cf. tipu aknit v. CH 1, AR ag mag-, -um-, mang-; pat -un; ran -an. To peel off (something) gently (so that it does not get torn), tear off (something) sticking on (something else, as of paper on the wall), peel or excoriate (one’s skin). Nangaknit in pais ku. My skin has peeled. Aknita in pattaꞌ dayn ha dingding. Peel the picture off the wall gently. SYN. uknat; OV SYN. *laknit, *ukat 1 aksidu (Tag.) n. Acid. Ayaw kaw magkaput sin aksidu yan. Don’t touch that acid. aku pron. (First person sg. topic pronoun) I, me, to or for me. Aku na in magtugnaꞌ sin bugas. I’ll be the one to cook the rice. Bukun aku in kiyarihilan mu sin sīn. I was not the one to whom you gave the money.    v. ag mang-, -um-; pat -un, -an. To assume responsibility for, guarantee, answer for. Ayaw kaw umaku sin ungsud bang mu diꞌ kagausan. Don’t you assume responsibility for the brideprice if you can’t afford it. Akuhan ku in utang niya kaymu. I’ll guarantee to pay his debt to you. Akuhun ku in pagsukay nila pa Sambuwangan. I’ll guarantee their fare to Zamboanga.    v. ag mag-. To tend to take things on oneself. Ayaw kaw magꞌaku sin hinang diꞌ mu kaingatan. Don’t take on yourself to do a task that you know nothing about. OV SYN. gaus 1 akul (var. akur; hakul) n. The core (of a pineapple, etc), corncob. Bang maghinang sindul subay īgan in gandum dayn ha akul niya. When making sweet corn porridge we have to remove the corn from the corncob.

akun-akun n. {Poetic} Expectation.{Esp. used in rhyming poems (tarasul).} Niyat sin akun-akun ikaw ra in asawahun. It is my expectation to marry you.    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To expect. Walaꞌ ku naakun-akun in janjiꞌ balubahun. I didn’t expect that you would break your promise. OV SYN. hunaꞌ-hunaꞌ, pikil akup (var. of hakup) n A handful. alak1 (var. arak) n. Strong drink, liquor, (as wine, whiskey, rum, gin). In magꞌinum alak langgal saraꞌ pa Tuhan. To drink strong drink is against the law of God. OV SYN. tubaꞌ; Cf. bīr alak2 v. ag mag-; ran/ben -an. To play a set of indigenous instruments.{Usu. composed of three instruments played together.} Magꞌalak sila ha pagtiyaunan. They’ll play a set of indigenous instruments at the wedding. Bang magtingkuwang subay alakan in pangantin supaya malami. When we parade the newlyweds we should play the set of indigenous instruments so that it will be jolly.    n. alakan A set of indigenous instruments composed of agung, kulintangan, and gandang. OV SYN. tabungguꞌ alal v. pat -un, magka-, ma-. To delay (something), be delayed; (for a death) to be slow and difficult.{A slow and difficult death is believed to be the result of the dying one’s great sins.} In tau baldusa magkaalal bang mapatay. Sinners are delayed in their dying moments. Subay diꞌ alalun in patay ha bāy, subay hikubul magtuy. We should not delay the corpse in the house, it should be buried immediately. Daran kami iyalal sin nakuraꞌ namuꞌ ha pagkaun. We are always delayed in eating by our boss (i.e., he doesn’t let us eat at the normal time). Maalal in pagkamatay sin tau kaibanan. The death of some people is slow and difficult. OV SYN. tarasaw, *tahalaꞌ, *antaraꞌ ālam n. Universe. In ālam landuꞌ maluag. The universe is very, very wide. OV SYN. dunya alamat1 n. Greetings written at the beginning of a letter, respectful salutation.{Used in earlier days by people of low degree when writing to people of higher station.} Alamat ini sulat naug dayn kan Sali dumatung mari ha bagay ku. Greetings, this letter comes from Sali and is sent to my friend. OV SYN. bahwa alamat2 n. An omen; feeling within oneself of an impending danger, ill or misfortune.{Usu. tells of an

impending ill but sometimes an omen of good fortune or luck.} Mangiꞌ in alamat ku adlaw ini. I have a feeling that something unfavorable will happen to me today. OV SYN. saat alang adj. [Always rdp.] Reluctant, hesitant, undecided. Alang-alang siya sumuuk kaymu. He is reluctant to approach you. Alang-alang aku magad kanila. I’m hesitant to go with them.    v. ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. [Does not occur with pa₂. Often rdp.] To hesitate, be reluctant or undecided; bluff (an action at someone). Ayaw kaw magꞌalang-alang mangayuꞌ tabang kākuꞌ. Don’t hesitate to ask help from me. Diꞌ sa kaw yan alang-alangan niya, tabangun sa kaw yan magtuy. He won’t hesitate (to help) you, he’ll help you right away. Alangan mu sadja siya sampakun, hangkan sa yan diꞌ mabugaꞌ kaymu. You’re always bluffing slapping him, that’s why he’s not afraid of you. SYN. āngāng, hawal-hawal, duwa-ruwa duwa 2; OV SYN. utung-bisud alanggaꞌ n. Red biting ants (usu. found in trees). Mabugaꞌ kaw ha alanggaꞌ? Are you afraid of the red biting ants? Cf. sanam, makut (See Appendix 4: Animals, Non-flying) alas n. An ace (in playing cards, dice, or dominoes). Bang alas in sugal mu dumaug kaw. If your card is an ace you’ll win. alay pron. To, on.{Only in Arabic phrases and in compounds as listed below.} Alayhi. To him, on him. Alayka. To you (sg.). Alaykim. To them, on them. Alaykum. To you, on you (pl. in Arabic, in Tausug used for sg. and pl.). Assalamu alaykum. Alaykum ussalam. Peace to you. And peace to you. Albaa n. Wednesday. (See adlaw for table.) aligatu n. A spark. OV SYN. siꞌnag 1 ālim n. A religious wise man, Muslim teacher, ascetic. In manga ālim amu in namiat sin āgama Islam. The religious wise men taught the Islamic religion. OV SYN. awliyaꞌ *alimata v. ran ka-…-an. To notice (always with negative diꞌ, way, or walaꞌ). Walaꞌ ku kiyaalimatahan sin miyurul siya kākuꞌ. I didn’t notice that he was following me. Diꞌ kaalimatahan in adlaw, tapus bulan na kunsūm. We didn’t notice the days passing, it’ll be the end of the month tomorrow. OV SYN. *mutak

alimatuk n. A leech-like creature (that lives on mangrove trees). In alimatuk magpanupsup da isab duguꞌ. The leech-like creature also sucks on blood. OV SYN. lintaꞌ alimpūs (var. aympūs) n. A whirlwind.    vi. none mag-. [Does not occur with pa₂, except if agent is God.] For a whirlwind to occur. Nagꞌalimpūs ha Parang kahapun. There was a whirlwind in Parang yesterday. OV SYN. bulihuk; Cf. buhawiꞌ alip n. The first letter of the Arabic alphabet. alis n. A black mark.{Drawn in soot on the forehead and down the cheeks of bride and bridegroom as makeup in preparation for the wedding.}    v. AR ag mag-; ran -an. To put black markings on (a bride and bridegroom). Māhang na in manga pangantin pagꞌalisan bihaun. Nowadays the wedding couple are seldom marked with black markings. alistu adj. Quick, prompt, alert, ready. Alistu siya bang kumaun. He is quick if it’s in eating. Alistu siya maghinang. He is quick in working. Alistu tuud siya dumaawa. He is very quick in reasoning to defend himself.    v. aux -um-, mag-, -an. [If used as a main verb, another verb is implied in the context.] To be quick, prompt, alert, ready (to do something). Alistuhi kawaa in pistul pagꞌīg niya. Be ready to get the revolver as soon as he leaves. Bang kaw diꞌ umalistu kumawaꞌ sin bahagiꞌ mu kawayan kaw. If you are not prompt to get your share you will lose it. Alistuhan ku in dān ha alupan sin bāy. I’ll quickly (block) the road in front of the house. OV SYN. sapat, biskay, samut, kasay 1 alit n. A stain on clothes or fabric (made by color running in another material).    v. ran ka-…-an. To be stained (by something). Kiyaalitan in badjuꞌ niya. Her dress is stained. OV SYN. baluba 1, tamak 1 aliyan n. Slang, jargon (known only to an initiated group). Diꞌ ku kahātihan in aliyan sin manga kabataan. I don’t understand the slang of the children.    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To use such jargon or slang. Subay kamu magꞌaliyan bat niya diꞌ kahātihan. You

should talk in jargon so he won’t understand. Cf. malikata alkansiya n. A (small) savings bank, any container with a slot in which money, esp. coin is saved. Hipuꞌ sin pilak in alkansiya ku. My savings bank is full of money.    v. ag mag-; pat -un. [Does not occur with pa₂.] To save money (esp. coins) in a small savings bank. OV SYN. baung-baung, tumpung alla intj. Ah! (an exclamation expressing delight, regret, disgust, surprise, etc.).{Shade of meaning indicated by intonation.} Alla! asal diꞌ na mapinda in bataꞌ ini. My goodness! this boy is beyond reform. Alla! in lanab sin pagkaun. Ah! the food is delicious. OV SYN. abā, aha Allah n. (The Muslim name for) God. In Allah asal isa-isa niya, way limbang niya. God is innately one, he has no partner. SYN. tuhan Allahu Taala (comp.) n. Jehovah; Most High God; Almighty God. almas (var. armas) (Tag.) n. Weapons (whether bladed or firearms).    v. ag mag-. To have weapons. Subay kamu magꞌalmas bang pa gimba. You have to have weapons when going to the interior. Hipagꞌalmas ku in barung hi amaꞌ. I’ll use the bolo of my father for my weapon. OV SYN. pakukus, sanjataꞌ Almasi n. Messiah, Christ (the title given to Jesus signifying him to be the promised one from God.)    n. Almasihin A Christian. alpa (Tag.) n. An olden-time stringed instrument, harp. Landuꞌ maingat magpakatingug alpa hi Nabi Daud. The prophet David knew very well how to play the harp. Cf. gitara, kulaing altaꞌ n. Possessions, wealth (as land, money, jewelry, plantation). Naubus in altaꞌ niya ha panayam. He lost his wealth in gambling. SYN. daya; Cf. pusakaꞌ    v. ag mag-. To have or take such possessions. Ayaw kaw magꞌaltaꞌ sin bukun kaymu. Don’t take the possessions of others.    adj. altaan Wealthy. Minsan kaw altaan awn da kasusahan mu. Even if you’re wealthy you still have troubles (in life). SYN. dayahan daya aluꞌ n. Dew.

   adj. maaluꞌ Having lots of dew. Maaluꞌ tuud kabii. Last night there was lots of dew.    v. ST none mag-; ran -an (usu. ka-…-an) [With pa₂, agent can only be God.] To be or become covered with dew. Kaaluan sa kaw yan magtagad kaniya. You’ll get covered with dew waiting for him. Kawaa in badjuꞌ mu, kaaluan ha buwaran. Get your clothes from the clothesline, they’ll be covered with dew. SYN. damug *alud v. ag mag-, -um-. To be or become irritable and whiny. Maytaꞌ nagꞌalud in anak mu? Why is your child irritable and whiny?    adj. maalud Irritable and whiny. Maalud in bataꞌ bang nasasakit. A child is irritable and whiny when he’s sick. aluhuy n. A groan, moan.    v. ag mag-; ran pag-…-an. To moan or groan. Nagꞌaluhuy siya sin sakit tiyan. He groaned because of his stomach ache. Piyagꞌaluhuyan niya in bisa sin paliꞌ. He groaned because of the pain of the wound. alul n. A raft.    v. TV ag mag-; goal -un. To ride on a raft. Magꞌalul kami pa hansipak subaꞌ. We’ll ride on a raft to the other side of the river. Cf. sakayan, bangkaꞌ1 alum n. A bruise (black and blue spot on the body). Mataud alum ha baran niya. There are lots of bruises on his body.    v. act mang-. To have bruises (on the body), be a blue baby. Nangangalum in bataꞌ piyagꞌanak. The newborn baby is a blue baby.    v. ran -an. To be or become bruised. Bang ta kaw kubutun, aluman kaw. If I pinch you, you will become bruised. Cf. limpaꞌ *alum v. ag mag-; pat -un. To nibble (something, as candy). Yaun in bataꞌ nagꞌaalum sin kindi. The child is there nibbling candy.    n. alum-alum A type of candy like a lollipop. OV SYN. lakut, *dilat, supsup 1 alun n. Waves, surf, breakers. Magpaagad kita ha alun. Let’s ride the waves.    adj. maalun Wavy. Maalun in dagat. The ocean is wavy. Alun-alun in buhuk hi Indaꞌ. Indaꞌs hair is wavy.

   v. act mag-, -um-. For (big) waves to arise, for there to be (high) waves. Bang magbugit kuting pa dagat magꞌalun kunuꞌ. They say that if we throw a cat into the sea there will be high waves. alun panjang (comp.) v. A tidal wave. alung (var. harung) v. TV ag mag-, -um-; goal -un. (For fish) to come (to a light). Umalung in istaꞌ pa pukut ta. The fish will come to our net. alup 1 v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. [Does not focus ben.] To face, appear before; be in front of, face (towards). Maisug aku umalup kaniya. I am brave enough to face him. Alup kaw pa suga! Face towards the sun! n. alupan The front (of something). Magbāk kita ha alupan sin langgal. We will meet in front of the mosque. OV SYN.: *pandang; SYN.: harap 1. 2 n. alupan {Euph.} A person’s private parts. SYN. harapan harap 2 aluwa n. A spirit (usu. of a dead person). Makaabat in aluwa sin patay. The spirit of a dead person can cause supernatural troubles. OV SYN. nyawalihan, nyawa *ām v. pat -um-, mag-. (For an excited or frisky animal) to become calm, (for a wild animal) to become tame. Paāma na in manuk mu, ampa ta patakbian. Calm your rooster first before we’ll engage it in a cockfight. OV SYN. pantun; ANT. adla amā n. Anger, indignation, resentment. Narā in tau yaun sin amā niya. That fellow is influenced by his anger.    v. ran -an. To be angry with (someone). Maytaꞌ kaw amāhan kākuꞌ sin way aku nagꞌunu kaymu? Why are you angry with me when I didn’t do anything wrong to you? Ayaw paamāha hi Inaꞌ bat kita diꞌ kalubakan. Don’t provoke Mother to get angry; she might spank us.    v. AR ag mag-; ran ka-…-an, pag-…-an. To scold (someone) angrily. Diꞌ magꞌamā in inaꞌ mu bang way dusa mu. Your mother won’t scold you angrily if you have not done something wrong. Maytaꞌ kaw pagꞌamāhan sin mastal bang way dusa mu? Why should the teacher scold you angrily when you are not at fault? Ikaw in kaamāhan niya bang kaw lumamud sin pagkālu nila. You’ll be scolded angrily by her if you meddle with their quarrel.    v. rdp. ag mag-. To pretend to be angry. Nagꞌamā-amā sa yan bat mu siya diꞌ maraak. She is just

pretending to be angry so you won’t ask her to do an errand. OV SYN. astul, agut1 , dugal, bunsi, bungis amaꞌ n. Father (kinship term). Hangka-amaꞌ hi Yusup kay Sauda. Yusup and Sauda have the same father (but different mothers). SYN. appaꞌ, aya, aba aman 1 v. CH 1 ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To cook (something) by boiling (as cassava, potato, corn, eggs, banana usu. without peeling). Aman kaw sin manga iklug. Boil some eggs. OV SYN. lakbuꞌ1, tugnaꞌ, *tulaꞌ, lagaꞌ2 2 v. pat -un. To be in a tight fix, predicament, or jam. Biyaꞌ aku sin iyaaman. It’s like I’m in a tight fix. amanat n. Something told, news, word, information, message. Pasampaya in amanat ku kan Babuꞌ Salbia. Be sure that my message reaches Aunt Salbia. SYN. pahāti, pabaytaꞌ baytaꞌ amaun (from amaꞌ) n. Uncle.{Kinship term for male relatives of one’s mother or father of the same generation.} In taymanghud sin inaꞌ ku amuna in amaun ku. The brother of my mother is my uncle. Sampay pangtungud sin inaꞌ ku atawa amaꞌ ku amaun ku da isab. The cousins of my mother or father, they are also my uncles. Cf. bapaꞌ amay-amay adv. By all means, without fail. Amay-amay tuud pakaria in asawa ku. Let my wife come by all means. SYN. ibut-ibut ambak1 1 n. A frog. Mahibuk in manga ambak bang dūm. The frogs are noisy at night. (See Appendix 4: Animals, Non-flying) 2 v. rdp. ag mag-. To jump up and down. In panayam sin manga bataꞌ yaun, magꞌambak-ambak. Those children’s play is jumping up and down. 3 n. rdp. An accordion. Nalawaꞌ in ambak-ambak niya. His accordion is lost. v. rdp. ag mag-, -um-. To play an accordion. Diꞌ aku maingat magꞌambak-ambak. I don’t know how to play the accordion. ambak2 v. ran -an. To develop gas pains. Ayaw da kaw mabasag minum tubig bat kaw diꞌ ambakan. Don’t drink too much water so that you will not get gas pains. OV SYN. bakag1 ambal (var. ambar) n. Ambergris. In ambal paghinangun nila ubat. They use ambergris as medicine.

SYN. kasturiꞌ *ambat 1 v. aux -un, -an, pa-…-an. [If used with no other verb, another verb is always implied in the context.] (To do something) completely, thoroughly; (do something) reciprocally; each one; every time. Ambatun ta pilaun in manga kahuy ini. We’ll cut down completely the trees in this area. Iyambat nila siyunug in kabāyan ha Tiyanggi. They burned completely all the houses in Jolo town. OV SYN. ubus 2 v. aux -un, -an, pa-…-an. [Used only with negative diꞌ.] To be too much (to do), too many (to buy, to guard, to clean, or any verb. Connotes annoyance). Diꞌ na maambat in taud sin hinang ku ha bāy. I’ve got a lot of work at home and it’s too much. Diꞌ maambat hinduan in bataꞌ ini. I’ve advised this child many times, (but he won’t pay attention to me). ambaw n. A rat, mouse. Ha pali-palihan sin manga Tausug bang awn panyap ha bāy unu-unu na kutkutun sin ambaw subay na yan sunugun. The Tausug believe that if any article at all in a house is eaten by rats it must be burned. ambaw tikus (comp.) n. A mouse. (See Appendix 4: Animals, Non-flying) ambayaꞌ (var. ambāꞌ; hambāꞌ) adv. Almost, nearly, about to but prevented. Ambayaꞌ marugtul in bataꞌbataꞌ sin jīp. The child was almost hit by the jeep. OV SYN. apit, agun *ambit v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To guide (someone by holding him) by the hand, arm, etc., lead (an animal by a rope), drive (fish from the open sea to the shore). Ambita in bataꞌ bang umuntas na sin dān. Guide the child by the hand when he crosses the street. Ambitun ku in sapiꞌ pa uma. I’ll lead the cow (by a rope) to the field. Subay ambitun in baanan istaꞌ pa hunasan. The school of fish should be driven to the shoreline. OV SYN. kaput1 1.1, ulin ambuꞌ n. A respectful term of address or reference for mother, aunt or any female kin of the mother’s generation when the woman is of royal or prophetic descent. Ambuꞌ in pagtawag sin dayang-dayang ha inaꞌ niya. A princess calls her mother ambuꞌ. OV SYN. inaꞌ 1; Cf. babuꞌ 1 *ambuldaꞌ v. ag mag-; ran pag-…-an. To misunderstand (the reason behind an act so as to become offended, disgusted or to feel resentment). Subay sibuꞌ-sibuꞌ in pagdā ha manga tau bat sila diꞌ magꞌambuldaꞌ. People should be treated equally so they will not misunderstand.    n. pagꞌambuldaan A misunderstanding (of someone’s acts causing one to become offended or

disgusted). Subay kitaniyu dī katān bang magbahagiꞌ sin sīn bat way pagꞌambuldaan. We should be gathered together when we divide the money so there will be no misunderstanding. OV SYN. kutuꞌkutuꞌ 1 ambun n. Divine light (that sparks upon a dying person shortly before his last breath which only he can see). Mahang in tau sūng na matay in makakitaꞌ sin ambun. Very few dying persons can see the divine light. OV SYN. sahaya ambung n. A deep, wide-mouthed basket with a handle.{Made of rattan or similar material, used esp. in marketing.}    n. OV SYN. bakul1, bakaꞌ-bakaꞌ, bugsuk ambuwinang n. A queen’s or princess’ chief personal attendant. OV SYN. ipang-ipang amin intj. Amen (said only after a prayer). Subay kaw umiyan amin pagꞌubus mu magpatihaꞌ. You should say amen after reciting the opening chapter of the Koran. amirul n. Starch (used for stiffening clothes, etc.).    v. ag mag-, -um-; ran -an, -un. To starch (something). Amirulun ku in pantalun niya kaki. I’ll starch his khaki pants. OV SYN. luway-luway ammal n. The performance, use, or practice of supernatural powers or religious duties. In ammal ta sāli in makatabang kātuꞌ ha adlaw mahuli. The performance of righteous deeds will help us in the future life.    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To take in (medicine or anything that serves to cure illness); memorize or meditate on (knowledge which gives supernatural power); use, apply, or practice (such knowledge over and over again until it has its desired effect); (with ibādat) perform or practice religious duties or obligations). Ammal kaw sin ubat ini makakusug baran. Take this medicine. It will make your body strong. Pagꞌammal kaw sin ilmuꞌ ini bat kaw diꞌ ūkun sin pungluꞌ. Memorize and meditate on this supernatural knowledge which will make you invulnerable to bullets. Cf. ibādat2 ammal-ibādat n. The practice of one’s religious obligations. Subay awn ammal-ibādat sin tau katān karnaꞌ in yan daakan sin Tuhan. There should be a practicing of their religious obligations by all people because this is God’s command.

   v. ag mag-. To practice or perform (one’s) religious obligations. Subay in tau katān magꞌammal-ibādat pa Tuhan. Everybody must perform his religious obligations to God. SYN. taat ampa rel. And then, then; but. Namayguꞌ siya muna ampa nanggisgis. She took a bath first and then brushed her teeth. Makajari sila magad kākuꞌ, ampa in ikaw, diꞌ. They can come with me but you can’t. Cf. iban 1 ampan n. A grasshopper. *ampan v. ag mag-; pat -un; ran -an. To block, run after (esp. in games involving running). Ampana niyu hi Amil, yatun na! Run after Amil, there he is! OV SYN. hapaꞌ ampan dulu n. A large grasshopper, locust. In ampan dulu marayaw kaunun. Locusts are good to eat. Robinia pseudoacacia (See Appendix 1: Birds and Flying Insects) ampiꞌ n. A straight piece of material wrapped around the body (as an ankle length skirt).{Usu. of expensive material and worn for formal occasions. Different from a tadjung in that it is not sewn into a tubular piece, but only folded.} Battik in ampiꞌ hi Annang. Annang’s wrap-around skirt is a batik. OV SYN. tadjung, habul    v. CH 1 ag mag-; pat -un. To fold such a skirt around the waist. Ampiun ku in battik ini. I’ll fold this batik around my waist for a skirt. Ampian ta kaw. I’ll fold your skirt around your waist for you. OV SYN. tapis 1 ampihan adj. Selective, too particular, fastidious, finicky, fussy. In tau ampihan mahunit sulutun. A finicky person is hard to please.    v. ag mag-; ran pag-…-an. [Does not occur with pa₂.] To be too particular, too choosy (about food, clothes, shoes, and the like [mag-]); to reject (something [pag-…-an]). Ayaw kaw magꞌampihan bang kita labutun ha bāy sin tau. Don’t be too choosy when somebody serves us food in their house. Piyagꞌampihan sin katān in būk ini. This book is rejected by all. Cf. pīꞌ 1, pilihan ampugud n. A pimple. Mataud ampugud sin bayhuꞌ niya. She has lots of pimples on her face. (See Appendix 8: Diseases)    adj. maampugud/ampuguran Having lots of pimples. Ampuguran in tau yaun. That fellow has lots

of pimples.    v. ST pat -un. To develop pimples. Ampugurun sa kān! You’re sure to develop pimples.    adj. makaampugud Causing pimples. Makaampugud in bātung. Peanuts cause pimples. ampun v. CH 1 ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To forgive, pardon, give absolution (to someone). Ampunun kaw sin Tuhan bang kaw magtawbat sin dusa mu. God will forgive you if you repent of your sin.    n. kaampunan Forgiveness, pardon, absolution, amnesty. Nagdihil in Pirisidinti kaampunan ha manga tau mangiꞌ. The president has offered amnesty to the rebels. OV SYN. *maap Ampun n. Respectful term of address of a subject to his sultan or datu, Your Highness. Ampun, unu in tita mu ha patik? Your Highness, what is your command to your subject? Cf. patik *ampupuꞌ v. CV 3 ag mag-; pat -un. To carry (something) in both arms (close to the chest). Ampupua in bataꞌ-bataꞌ bat diꞌ mahulug. Carry the child in your arms so he won’t fall. (See dā for table.) amu1 adj. Right, accurate, true, correct. Bukun amu in hinang mu. You didn’t do it right.    v. pat mag-, -um-; ran ka-…-an. To be or come out right (-um-, mag-), agree (mag-), be pleased (ka-…-an). Maytaꞌ bahaꞌ diꞌ magꞌamu in paghinang ku panyam ini? Why is it that this fried cake I’m making doesn’t come out right? Kiyaamuhan aku sin bissara mu. I am pleased with what you say. Makaamu ha pangatayan mu in baytaꞌ ku ini. My news will make your heart right (i.e., satisfy you). OV SYN. bunnal, patut amu2 adv. (An emphasizer) the very one, the very thing.{Sometimes seems to mark something seriously referred to.} Amu na siya in bantug mangungubat. He is the very one who is the famous healer.    rel. (Usu. with in) which, who, that (subordinates what follows to what precedes). In bāy baꞌgu hīnang, amu in piyaghulaan nila bihaun, nasunug. The newly built house, which they’re living in, was burned. amuꞌ n. A monkey. Masūb magkaun sayng in amuꞌ. Monkeys are fond of eating bananas. (See Appendix 4: Animals, Non-flying) amut v. ag -um-; ran -an. To do (something) in quick succession, repeatedly, or frequently. Subay mu amutan in tikang mu bat kaw diꞌ hikabīn. You should make your steps more frequent so you’ll not be left behind.

   adj./adv. Frequent(ly), repeated(ly). Maamut in pagpangayuꞌ niya sīn. He frequently asks for money. OV SYN. sapat, biskay, samut, daran, siglaꞌ, sigi-sigi, ūs-ꞌūs -an1 suffix sfx. Verbal suffix indicating range, goal, or beneficiary (in non-imperative mode), nominal suffix indicating the location of the stem. Lanuan ku na in samin. The mirror is where I’ll clean now (i.e., I’ll clean the mirror now). Baytaan ku sila sin piyagsulutan ta. I’ll tell to them what we agreed about. In buwaran namuꞌ nabugtuꞌ. Our clothesline (lit. place for drying) broke. -an2 suffix sfx. Imperative marker for verbs that focus the patient with hi-. Bugitan in manga lummiꞌ ini pa dagat. Throw this rubbish into the sea! anad adj. Trained, accustomed to. Anad hi Amina sin hinang lawm bāy. Amina is trained in domestic work.    v. ag mag-; pat -un; ran pag-…-an. To train, learn; get accustomed to, get in the habit of doing (something). Subay kaw magꞌanad maglanguy. You should learn how to swim. Anarun ta kaw magtayp. I’ll train you to type. OV SYN. pangadjiꞌ *anag v. CH 1 ag mag-; pat -un. To warm or clean (something) by placing near a fire or heat, singe or dry (something) over a flame. Anagun ku in dahun sayng ini. I will singe this banana leaf. Iyanag niya in tamungun niya basaꞌ. He dried his wet clothing over the flame. OV SYN. pasuꞌ 1, tapa anak 1.1 n. A child, offspring (of either humans or animals, kinship term). (anak usug son, anak babai daughter) Pila in anak mu? How many children do you have? v. ag mag-, -um-; pat hi-, hipag-. To give birth. Magꞌanak siya ha bulan hambuuk. She is scheduled to give birth next month. n. pagꞌanakan Childbirth. Miyatay siya ha pagꞌanakan. She died in childbirth. anak-kampung (comp.) n. Relatives. anak-apuꞌ (comp.) n. Descendants. Wayruun burus in diꞌ magꞌanak. (saying) n. There is no secret that will not come out. (lit. There is no pregnant woman who does not give birth.) OV SYN. kampung, lahasiyaꞌ1 1 1.2 v. ag mag-. To count as (one’s) child, (with neg.) to disown (someone). Diꞌ aku magꞌanak kaymu bang kaw diꞌ magkahagad kākuꞌ. I’ll not count you as my child if you don’t obey me.

2 n. Interest (on money). Pila in anak sin sīn ku bang hitawꞌ ku ha bangku? How much interest does my money get if I keep it in the bank? v. act mag-, -um-; ran -an. (For money) to gain interest; (for a bank, etc.) to give interest. Magꞌanak in sīn mu bang mu hitawꞌ ha bangku. Your money will gain interest if you keep it in the bank. Anakan sin bangku in sīn mu. The bank will give interest on your money. anak-anak adj. Very small (in size). Anak-anak tuud in jawm ini. This needle is very small. OV SYN. asibiꞌ, nikiꞌ-nikiꞌ, manahut nahut, sibiꞌ-sibiꞌ anak-apuꞌ n. Descendants.    v. ag mag-. To have descendants, live permanently (in a place). Didtu na sa aku ini magꞌanak-apuꞌ ha Kutabatu. I’ll live permanently there in Cotabato. anak-kampung n. Relatives. Nagpahāti na aku ha katān anak-kampung ku sin yari na aku. I informed all my relatives that I am here. anakun (from anak + -un) n. A child of one’s sibling, child of one’s first cousin.{Usu. usug is added to indicate nephew if not understood in context and babai to indicate niece.} Aku in nagbalanjaꞌ ha manga anakun ku usug babai. I am the one supporting my nephews and nieces.    v. pat mag-. To be related in this way.    v. ag mang-. To claim to be in this relationship with someone; marry the daughter or son of one’s cousin (either close or distant). Nanganakun siya kan Fatimaꞌ. He married Fatima, his cousin’s daughter. anang 1 n. An affectionate vocative for a girl. OV SYN. indaꞌ, ayang 1, iting1 2 n. (cap.) A feminine name. anay n. A termite.{A pale-colored, soft-bodied, wood-eating, social insect often very destructive to furniture and wooden structures.} In kasūban sin manga anay kaunun amu na in digpiꞌ. The favorite food of termites is wood.    v. pat -un. [Does not occur with pa₂.] (For something) to be infested with termites. Anayun in manga būk bang pasāran ha tawꞌan. The books will be infested with termites if you just leave them in storage. (See Appendix 4: Animals, Non-flying)

anay-anay adv. Slowly, carefully. Anay-anay sadja kaw magpanaw. Just walk slowly. Bassa kaw anayanay. Read slowly. Dāgan kaw anay-anay. Run slowly.    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To go slowly, go carefully. Umanay-anay sadja kita bat kita diꞌ kakitaan. We’ll go carefully so we won’t be seen. OV SYN. agak-agak *agak, hinay-hinay hinay andadul (var. andadur) (Tag.) n. A walker (for a baby to learn to walk on). andag v. ag mag-; ran -an. To ask the price (of an item). Andag kaw bang pila in hangka-karut bugas. Ask the price of one sack of rice. Andagi kunuꞌ in halgaꞌ sin hangka-suꞌgub buwahan. Please ask the price of a basket of lanzones. OV SYN. asubu andahaw n. The phenomenon of rain and sunshine together. Awn andahaw kahapun. There was sunshine and rain together yesterday.    v. none mag-. To be raining and shining at the same time. In pali-palihan sin kamaasan bang magꞌandahaw awn tau matay. It is a belief among old people that when there is rain and sunshine together someone will die. andarun n. A small charm or amulet (for a child).{Contains a portion of the Koran written on a piece of paper and wrapped up and knotted into a string to be worn around the neck or wrist.} In andarun biyaꞌ da sin adjimat saꞌ hipagbutang ha bataꞌ-bataꞌ. An andarun charm is like an adjimat charm except that the andarun charm is put on a child. OV SYN. adjimat, anting-anting 1, habay-habay anduꞌ 1 intj. Oh! (very common expression denoting pity).{Sometimes as an endearing term to express sorrow, sympathy or joy, esp. at the sight of something cute and small.} Anduꞌ! miyatay in inaꞌ niya. Oh what a pity! His mother died. v. rdp. pat mag-, mang-, magpang-. To be filled with pity. Magpanganduꞌ-nganduꞌ in atay ta bang awn tau marayaw mapatay. We are filled with pity when good people die. 2 intj. Please (for politeness in a request). Anduꞌ, hinanga ba ini kākuꞌ. Please do this for me. andudukut n. The name of several plants whose fruit sticks to one’s clothes. Bang kaw manaw ha gimba mahipuꞌ in pantalun mu sin andudukut. If you go to the interior your pants will be filled with sticking plants. Desmodium spp., esp. heterocarpum, laxiflorum, umbellatum, and gangeticum (See Appendix

5: Plants) anduhud n. A rumbling, booming noise. Kiyublaan in bataꞌ sin anduhud kanyun. The child was frightened by the rumbling of the cannon.    v. pat -un. To make such a sound. Saꞌ iyanduhud in kanyun dūm adlaw. The cannon rumbled day and night. OV SYN. dawgdug anduk v. ag mag-, -um-; pat hi-, hipag-. To bow the head. Bang kaw magsulat, ayaw da kaw magꞌanduk tuud. Don’t bow your head too much when you write. OV SYN. tukkuꞌ, dumul; ANT. hangad andukang n. A fool, buffoon, clown. Andukang hi Abdul. Abdul is a clown. OV SYN. dupang, pallaꞌ andul (gimb. equiv. of pangandul) v To trust in (something). andum 1 n. Dark clouds. Way ulan bang way andum. There’s no rain if there are no dark clouds. adj. maandum Cloudy with dark clouds, (of a day or the sky) dark (because of dark clouds). Maandum adlaw yan. Today is cloudy with dark clouds. v. act mag-, -um-. For the sky to be covered with dark clouds, be overcast. Bang umandum ayaw na kaw magbuwad sin diyakdakan. When the sky is overcast don’t hang the washing. 2 v. ag mang-. (With bayhuꞌ) to be close to anger, to cloud. Nangandum in pamayhuan mu pagdungug mu sin bissara niya. You were close to anger when you heard what he said. ani n. Harvest. Marayaw in ani nila tahun ini. They have a good harvest this year.    v. CH 1 ag mag-; pat -un; ran ka-…-an. To harvest (grain, usu. palay). Anihun sin mundu in pāy sin tau. The people’s rice will be harvested by the outlaws. Cf. musim    n. aani An instrument used in harvesting grain. In aani hipagꞌani pāy. The harvesting instrument is used for harvesting grain. *anib adj. maanib (Of a place) dangerous; (of people) watchful, prepared (against danger). Subay kita maanib lugay bihaun. We must be watchful these days. Maanib in labayan pa gimba. The way to the rural areas is dangerous. OV SYN. halliꞌ 1, ilag2 , bugaꞌ animu n. Coaxing, wheedling. Nakawaꞌ hi amaꞌ sin animu hi Utuꞌ. Father yielded to Junior’s coaxing.    v. ag mang-; goal -an. To coax, cajole, wheedle (someone). Animuhi in piskal bat mapuas in

parakalaꞌ mu. Try to wheedle the fiscal so your case will be dismissed. OV SYN. lana 2 anjibi n. Dye, coloring. In anjibi marakmul. The dye is too heavy.    v. CH 1 ag mag-; pat -un, -an. [-un, a particular piece of clothing; -an, clothing in general.] To dye (something, esp. fabric). Anjibihun ku in badjuꞌ niya pula. I will dye his red shirt. OV SYN. tinaꞌ annyil n. Indigo, bluing for wash. *antaraꞌ (var. antalaꞌ) v. ag mag-; pat -un. To prolong the time of doing or proceeding with (something), delay, retard, detain (something). Ayaw kaw magꞌantaraꞌ sin hinang mu. Don’t delay your work. Subay antaraun in tau nasaggaw ini. We have to detain the person we caught.    v. ST pat ma-. To be delayed, hindered; (for death) to be painful and lingering. Naantaraꞌ aku ha dān sabab way jīp. I was delayed because there was no jeepney. Naantaraꞌ in paghinang bāy sabab way kapanyapan. The construction of the house was delayed because of lack of tools. Naantaraꞌ in pagpanaw-panaw niya sabab sin dusa mataud. His journey (i.e., death) was painful and lingering because of (his) many sins. OV SYN. alal, alang, tarasaw, *tahalaꞌ antib n. A storage barn, granary. Tawꞌan in pāy ha antib. Store the rice in the granary. SYN. buriga; OV SYN. kamalig antil n. Smelly pus from the ear.    adj. antilan Having pus in the ears. Antilan in bataꞌ yaun. That child has pus in his ears.    v. ST pat -un. To get pus in the ears. Antilun sa kaw yan bang kasūran in taynga mu tubig. You’ll get pus in your ears if water gets into them. OV SYN. nanaꞌ; Cf. atuli, atil anting-anting 1 n. Magical knowledge and practice of charms, spells and making amulets; the spells themselves. Way siya kiyugdan sin anting-anting mu. She was not affected by your spell. Mataud anting-anting kaingatan hi Abdul, anting-anting magkalawaꞌ, kabayaan sin babai, iban diꞌ pagꞌūkun. Abdul knows many spells; a spell to make himself invisible, one so that women will like him, and one to make himself invulnerable. OV SYN.: ilmuꞌ. v. ag mag-; ran -an. To charm or put a spell (on someone). Bang kaw diꞌ mabayaꞌ kākuꞌ antingantingan ta kaw ha supaya kaw mayaꞌ. If you don’t love me, I’ll put a spell on you so that you will love me. OV SYN.: hinang 2.

2 n. A charm, amulet. v. ag mag-. To wear a charm or amulet. Magꞌanting-anting aku bang aku manaw. I’ll put on my charm whenever I go for a walk. *antung v. act mag-, -um-. To float, be afloat. Umantung in bangkaꞌ duun ha daig jambatan. The vinta will float near the wharf.    v. act magpa-. (For a vessel) to be afloat at anchor. Nagpaantung in kappal ha tungud dagat Silangkan. The ship is floating near the coast of Silangkan. OV SYN. *anud, lantup    n. antung-antung A buoy. *antup v. CH 1 ag mag-, um-, mang-; pat -un. To threaten (someone, usu. a result of an altercation). Ayaw kaw mangantup mamatay bang kaw magkālu. Don’t threaten to kill if you quarrel. Iyantup ku siya bagahun. I threatened to slap him. OV SYN. *sanggup 1 *anud v. act mag-, -um-; pat hi-; ran pag-…-an. (For a liquid) to flow; be adrift, be carried off by the current. Asal magꞌanud in tubig. Water flows. Iyanud sila ha lawd tūy adlaw sabab nagkangiꞌ in makina. They drifted on the ocean for three days because the engine was out of order. Pagꞌanuran sin lummiꞌ in subaꞌ ini. Dirt flows into this river. Nagpaanud siya. She let herself drift in the current. OV SYN. laran 1 anugharaꞌ n. A gift, blessing, grace from God. Dīhilan siya anugharaꞌ sin Tuhan. He was given blessing by God.    v. AR ag mag-; ran/ben -an. (For God) to bless (someone). Bang man kaw anugharaan sin Tuhan! May it be that God will bless you! OV SYN. lidjikiꞌ, barakat *anuk v. AR ag mag-; ran -an. To keep cooked rice over embers or low flame (so that it will be evenly cooked), steam (rice). Anuki na in kaunun. Steam the rice. Piyaanuk na, Inaꞌ. It’s steamed already, Mother. Cf. tugnaꞌ; GENR. lutuꞌ 1 āng-āng adj. Reluctant, undecided. Āng-āng siya mangayuꞌ tabang kaymu. She’s reluctant to ask help from you.    v. ag mag-. To be hesitant, reluctant, undecided. Maytaꞌ kaw magꞌāng-āng magad kaniya? Why are you hesitant to go with him? OV SYN. hawal-hawal, duwa-ruwa duwa 2, alang

āngan n. Offshore, the edge of a reef (where the water deepens).{The place in the sea that is neither too deep nor too shallow.} Limabay in lansa dayn ha āngan Silangkan. The launch passed by offshore from Silangkan. angan-angan n. Hope, wish, desire (often used in poetic expression). Miyabut na in angan-angan sin atay ku. My heart’s desire has come at last. OV SYN. akun-akun, *huwat angay-angay adv. (To do something) for the first time in a long time, (so as to cause a little surprise). Biyaꞌ angay-angay mu nakakari. It’s surprising that you’ve come for the first time in a long time.    v. aux ka-…-an. [Does not occur with pa₂.] (For an event) to surprise (someone) because it has not occurred for some time. Kiyaangay-angayan yan dimā nagbichara kākuꞌ. It’s surprising that (she) spoke with me for the first time in a long time. OV SYN. iyampa 1, agsay2 angbi n. Slight windblown rain (that blows into a house), light splash from a wave (that splashes onto the shore or boat). Nabasaꞌ in badjuꞌ ku sin angbi. My dress is wet from that rain that blew in.    v. AR ag mag-; ran -an. To become moist by rain or waves splashing. Kiyaangbihan in badjuꞌ ku piyahayang ha tandawan. My dress hanging on the window became moist by the light, windblown rain. OV SYN. bunuk-bunuk, tampiyas, ulan *angdul v. ag mag-; pat hi-. To put or lay (something against something solid when cutting or chopping it). Angdulan in istaꞌ pa digpiꞌ yaun bang kaw magsipak. Put the fish against that board when you cut it.    n. angdulan A chopping board. Yan in angdulan pagtuktukan mu sin sapiꞌ. There’s the chopping board where you can chop the beef. OV SYN. sangkalan Anggalis adj. English (people or language), Roman (script). Tau Anggalis. A Britisher. Siyulat niya ha hātan Anggalis. He wrote it in Roman script.    v. ag mag-. To speak English. Ayaw na kaw magꞌanggalis. Makahati da kita magsinūg. Don’t speak (to me) in English. We do understand each other communicating in Tausug. anggawtaꞌ n. Physical body, entire body (of a person). Masakit in anggawtaꞌ ku ha paghinangan dayn kamahinaatan. My whole body is sore from working ever since this morning. OV SYN. baran 1,

jasad *anggil v. RC act mag-. To look alike, be similar. Magꞌanggil hi Anang kay Subula. Anang and Subula look alike.    n. pagꞌanggilan Likeness, similarity, resemblance. OV SYN. *agid, lupa2 , saliꞌ anggul n. Grapes, raisins. Diꞌ magtubuꞌ in anggul ha Sūg. Grapes don’t grow on Jolo. Tubig anggul. Grape juice. (See Appendix 5: Plants) anghaꞌ (var. hangaꞌ; hangngaꞌ) v. To threaten (someone with something or by an action). Ayaw mu aku anghai sin pistul yan. Diꞌ da aku mugaꞌ. Don’t threaten me with that pistol. I’m not afraid. Cf. *surang angkaꞌ n. A carving or design (as on a sword’s hilt, grave marker, or wooden furniture), mark or indication, (as a dog-ear on a book, boundary post or the like). Malingkat in angkaꞌ sin puhung kalis mu. The designs on your kris’ hilt are very nice.    v. AR ag mag-; ran -an. To carve (something) into a figure or a form, mark or indicate (something with something else). Angkai in būk bat diꞌ kalupahan. Mark the book so you won’t forget your place. Angkaan ta in dān harap pa Tiyanggi. We will mark the road going to the town. OV SYN. ukkil angkap n. An attic or garret, mezzanine. Tigidlum in taas angkap. The attic is dark.    v. ag mag-; pat -un; ran -an. To keep (something) in an attic. In budjang nakauna iyaangkap. The maidens of olden times were kept in the attic. OV SYN. pangkat 2 angkas1 (Tag.) v. ag mag-, -um-, mang-; pat -un. To give (someone) a ride behind (one, as on a horse, scooter, or bicycle). Angkasun ta kaw ha mutur ku. I’ll give you a ride on my motorcycle.    v. AR ag mag-, -um-, mang-; ran -an. To ride behind (someone). Nangangkas aku ha mutur piyararagan sin bagay ku. I rode behind my friend who is driving his scooter. Angkasan ku siya ha mutur niya. I’ll ride behind him on his motorcycle. OV SYN. duwa 1 angkas2 n. Residue, dregs (of brewed coffee or tea). Ayaw inuma in angkas sin kahawa. Don’t drink the dregs of the coffee. *angkat v. AQ ag/goal mag-, -um-; pat -un. To raise up or lift up (something with little effort). Angkata in

tilam, yan in sīn ku ha daꞌgan. Lift up the mattress, I have my coins under it. OV SYN. buhat 1, *sintak *angkul v. CV 3 ag mag-; pat -un. To carry (something heavy, as a sack of rice, in any manner), lug (something). Ayaw na kaw magꞌangkul sin mabuꞌgat yan. Don’t carry that heavy object. Subay pagsama-samahan angkulun in bahudjiꞌ. They should join together in carrying the anchor. OV SYN. dā 1.1 anglit n. A cooking pot (esp. for rice). Māhang na in magꞌusal anglit lupaꞌ bihaun. A clay pot is seldom used now. OV SYN. bangaꞌ; Cf. simpiꞌ, tungkang angpud v. ST pat ma-. To burn to ashes. Maangpud sa yan in bāy mu! Your house will burn to ashes!    adj. Burned to ashes. Angpud na in bāy nila. Their house is burned to ashes. OV SYN. daꞌpug, sunug, tutung angsaꞌ (var. agsaꞌ) n. A goose. Maghibuk in angsaꞌ bang makakitaꞌ tau. A goose is noisy when it sees people. (See Appendix 1: Birds and Flying Insects) angsu 1 n. A smell (permeating the air, either fragrant or malodorous). In angsu sin lana mahamut landuꞌ in kusug. The smell of the perfume is very strong. v. act mag-. To give off a smell. Nagꞌangsu na in tiyugnaꞌ mu. The food you are cooking is giving off its smell. Lanui in kasilyas bat diꞌ magꞌangsu. Clean the toilet so it won’t give off a (bad) smell. Cf.: bahuꞌ1 1, pangak. 2 v. ag magpa-; ran pa-…-an. To expose (someone) to the smoke (of burning incense). Magpaangsu pa aku kamanyan. I’ll expose myself to the smoke of the incense. Piyaangsuhan sin mangungubat kamanyan in nasasakit. The mediciner exposed the sick person to the smoke of the incense. OV SYN. tuꞌnug *angun v. ag mag-; pat -un. To pamper or overindulge (someone). Bukun marayaw in magꞌangun anak. It’s not good to overindulge (our) children. OV SYN. *langka, dakag angut v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. [Does not occur with pa₂.] To yearn, seek after (something); bend one’s effort toward, aim at, purpose, aspire for (something). Unu in angutun mu kākuꞌ? What are you

seeking to get from me? Ayaw na kaw umangut magmayul bang way da pilak mu. Don’t aspire to become mayor if you don’t have any money. OV SYN. *huwat, puhung anyam 1 v. CH 2 ag mag-, -um-; pat -un; ran pag-…-an. To plait, weave without a loom, crochet (something, as thread, young coconut leaves, or rattan). Anyamun ku in baluy. I will weave the mat. OV SYN. *punaꞌ, hablun; Cf. sunsun 2 v. rdp. pat -un. To imagine, plan, make up a story. Iyaanyam-anyam mu sadja in sakit mu. You’re always imagining your illness. OV SYN. taliꞌ *anyaya v. CH 1 ag mang-; pat -un. To persecute; take or grab (something, esp. material possessions, from someone) by injustice, usurp, extort. Dusa in manganyaya altaꞌ sin tau. It is a sin to take the property of others unjustly. OV SYN. kungkaw, kugut 1, kulliꞌ 1, kustaw āp-ꞌāp n. A fungus-type skin disease characterized by white blotches on the skin. (See Appendix 8: Diseases)    v. ST pat -un. [Does not occur with pa₂.] To be or become infected with white blotches. Ayaw kaw magjimpaw sin yan, āp-ꞌāpun kaw. Don’t use that towel, you’ll become infected with white blotches. Makaāp-ꞌāp sān in diꞌ magbunglaw bang bakas namayguꞌ dagat. It causes white blotches when you don’t rinse with fresh water after bathing in the sea. OV SYN. bulitmanuk, kākas, kulap apa n. Chaff of any grain (esp. rice). In binī nila hangpuꞌ karut apa pāy. They bought ten sacks of rice chaff. OV SYN. pais apabila (var. of abila) rel If, when (usu. used in a warning). apam n. A pancake.    v. ag mag-, um-; pat -un. To make pancakes. Magꞌapam kita kinsūm mahinaat. We will make pancakes tomorrow morning. Cf. panyam (See Appendix 7: Kinds of Confections Served at Special Occasions) apas 1 v. TR ag mag-, -um-; goal -un; ran pag-…-an. To chase, run after, pursue (something). Iyapas in manga mundu sin manga sundalu. The bandits were chased by the soldiers. 2 v. ag mag-, -um-; goal -un. To be after (something). Unu in iyapas mu magbana ha tau yan? What are

you after in marrying that man? OV SYN. urul apdu n. Bile, gall. Mapait in apdu sin istaꞌ. The bile of fish is bitter. api n. Fire. OV SYN. kāyu; Cf. baga1 batu api (comp.) n. Flint. karitaꞌ api (comp.) n. Railroad train. apiki adj. Abrupt, sudden without notice, having little time, too near (to something). Apiki pa dān in bāy nila. Their house is too near the street. Apiki tuud in pagtulak nila. Their departure was very sudden.    vt. CH 1 ag -um-; pat -un. To do (something) suddenly, abruptly, without previous planning. Subay apikihun kaagi in pagsaggaw ha tau yaun. The action of capturing that fellow should be done abruptly.    vi. ST pat ma-. To be caught unawares. Pagpabaytaꞌ kamu bang kamu mari bat kami diꞌ maapiki. Tell us beforehand if you are coming so we won’t be caught unawares. OV SYN. tapaut; Cf. *dagmit apil n. A quid, cud, wad (of something chewable, as tobacco or betel nut chew). Nangayuꞌ siya apil tabakuꞌ. He is asking a quid of tobacco.    v. ag mag-. To prepare a quid to be chewed. Apili siya tabakuꞌ. You prepare him a quid of tobacco. Cf. apug 1, mamaꞌ apipilaꞌ n. A large red winged house ant that comes in swarms, (esp. on rainy days). Nakutkut aku sin apipilaꞌ. I was bitten by red ants. In apipilaꞌ bang makakutkut masakit. It’s painful if red ants bite. OV SYN. alanggaꞌ; GENR. sanam Momemenium pharaonis (See Appendix 1: Birds and Flying Insects) apis n. A pen for animals (usu. made of bamboo tops underneath a house).    v. ag mag-; pat -un; ran -an. To make such a pen. Magꞌapis aku sin manga kambing. I’ll make a pen for the goats. OV SYN. ād, larang; Cf. kural, kūngan, pagal apit (var. hapit2) adv. Almost, nearly, about to. Apit siya marugtul sin jīp. He was nearly hit by the jeep. Apit na kami mari saꞌ imulan. We were about to come here but it rained. OV SYN. ambayaꞌ; Cf. sūng 1.1

aplud adj. maaplud Acrid, bitter (tasting). Maaplud in ubat pagꞌinumun magꞌanak. The medicine for taking at childbirth is bitter. OV SYN. pait; Cf. pukat appaꞌ n. Kinship term of address by children to a father of royal blood.{May be used as a term of reference.} Pakain kaw Appaꞌ? Where are you going, Father? OV SYN. amaꞌ, aya apuꞌ 1.1 n. Kinship term of reference and address to people two generations from ego (i.e., grandparents, grandchildren, granduncles and aunts, and grandnephews and nieces). In manga taymanghud sin inaꞌ sin inaꞌ ku apuꞌ ku da isab. The brothers and sisters of my mother’s mother are also my grandparents. n. kaapuꞌ-apuan Ancestors, forefathers. Asal dayahan in kaapuꞌ-apuan nila. Their ancestors were already rich. apuꞌ bataꞌ (comp.) n. A step-grandmother or step-grandfather who is still young or a young sibling of one’s grandparent. apuꞌ giba (comp.) n. The second descending generation from ego; grandchild. apuꞌ tuhud (comp.) n. The third descending generation from ego; great grandchild. apuꞌ siki (comp.) n. The fourth descending generation from ego; great great grandchild. 1.2 n. A respectful term of address for elderly people. 2 n. Departed spirits (some of good character, some of evil; a term of respect). Kiyaabatan siya sin manga apuꞌ. He was made sick by the departed spirits. OV SYN. tungguꞌ apug 1 n. Prepared betel nut ready for chewing. v. ag mag-. To prepare (betel nut). Apugi aku mamaꞌ. Prepare me a betel nut chew. Cf.: apil, mamaꞌ. 2 n. Burned firewood. apul n. Coagulated blood. Mataud in apul gimuwaꞌ. There was a profuse discharge of coagulated blood. apus n. Gambling. Bang ha agama Islam mangiꞌ in panayam apus. Gambling is not tolerated by the Islamic religion.    v. AR ag mang-; ran -an. To agree to the amount (of a bet), stake all one’s money (in gambling), match the bet of another. Apusan mu na in tūk ini? Do you agree to the amount of this bet? Apusan ku in tūk mu yan duwanggatus. I’ll match your stake of two hundred. Magtūk kita kayꞌman pilak. Apus na,

laung sin iban niya. We’ll bet fifty pesos. I agree, said his companion. OV SYN. bilang Arab n. An Arab.    adj. Arabic (language or writing).    v. ag mag-. To speak Arabic. arak (var. of alak1) n Strong drink, certain alcoholic beverages (like wine, whiskey, rum, gin). arakalaꞌ (var. of adakalaꞌ) rel Otherwise, or else. arapun (var. of adapun) rel Used in speaking of something that should have been done but was not. araray (var. aray; aruruy; aruy) intj. Ouch!, an expression denoting pain. araru n. A plow. In kamatauran sin araru ha hulaꞌ namuꞌ, kahuy. Most of the plows in our place are wooden.    v. CH 1 ag mag-, -um-; pat -un; ran pag-…an. To plow. Araruhun ta na adlaw yan in lupaꞌ. We’ll plow the ground today. Cf. badjaꞌ, *badlis, samban2 aras n. Divine kingdom, seventh division of heaven where God has his throne. OV SYN. sulgaꞌ arī intj. Denotes surprise or protest. Arī, bat ikaw in magpangawaꞌ sin sīn ku! So, it’s you who has been getting my money! OV SYN. abā ari-ari n. Decoration, something used to beautify (something or oneself), adornment. Malingkat in manga ari-ari nila. Their decorations are beautiful.    v. AR ag mag-; ran -an. To decorate, beautify (something or oneself), adorn. Amura in kaingatan mu magꞌari-ari sin baran mu. All you know is to beautify yourself. Palmaddaniꞌ in piyagꞌari-ari ha bāy sin pangantin. The house of the bridegroom is decorated with carpet. OV SYN. paglakin-lakin *lakin-lakin ariplanu (Tag.) n. An airplane.    v. ag mag-. To travel by airplane, take a plane. SYN. kappal lupad comp. kappal aritis n. A dangling earring (contrasts with the type of earring with a screw type fastener).

   v. ag mag-; ran -an. To wear a dangling earring. Magꞌaritis siya sin miyussaan. She’ll wear a dangling earring of pearls. OV SYN. bāng1 armas (var. of almas) n Weapons. arti n. A showy display (in dress, manners, speech, etc.), affectation of elegance, frippery; style. Nakalanduꞌ in arti sin babai yaun. That girl’s affected elegance is just too much. Way tuud arti sin pagtamung niya ini. The way she wears her clothes lacks style.    adj. maarti Having style or art, affectedly elegant. Maarti tuud in bāy nila. Their house is stylish.    v. ag mag-. To speak, act or behave affectedly or artificially; dress stylishly; put on an act; make a show (of doing something). Magꞌarti hadja in kaingatan mu. All you know is to make a showy display of yourself. OV SYN. lingkat; Cf. jangngang *aru (see *pangaru) v. To refer, appeal, consult. *aruꞌ v. ag mang-, -um-. To keep looking and showing a desire to join (often used with irony or mockery). Mangiꞌ in bataꞌ imaaruꞌ bang awn tau nagkakaun. It’s not right for children to be looking at someone eating. Nagꞌaaruꞌ sadja in tau pananayam ha pagpanayaman. A gambler always stays and watches other gamblers at a gambling place.    n. pangaruꞌ One who watches other people in this manner. Cf. pangalung aruruy (var. of araray) intj Ouch! arut adj. Arrogant, haughty, overbearing. Arut in kaibanan datuꞌ. Some royal chiefs are arrogant.    v. ag mag-; pat -un. [Does not occur with pa₂.] To act arrogantly, haughtily. Ayaw na kaw magꞌarut bat kaw diꞌ makabāk kālu. Don’t act arrogantly so you won’t get yourself in trouble. OV SYN. abbu 1, takabbul aruy (var. of araray) intj Ouch! *asag 1 vt. ag mag-; pat hi-; ran -an. To pour out (a liquid onto something), spill (a liquid). Asagan in tubig ha baldi. Pour out the water in the bucket. Hisiyu in nakaasag sin tubig? Who spilled the water.? Kiyaasagan siya tubig piyasuꞌ. She was accidently spilled on with hot water. vi. pat ma-. (For a liquid) to spill or be poured out. Naasag in gatas. The milk was spilled. OV SYN.:

busug 1, tuwang. 2 v. ag mag-; ran -an. (With duguꞌ) to shed (blood). Subay magꞌasag duguꞌ ampa ta makāꞌ in kamahaldikaan ta. We have to shed blood to win our freedom. asal1 adv. Of course, surely, really, indeed; by nature; already.{Used of an inherent, basic or original state or quality of something, about something already existing or happening.} Asal siya diꞌ mabayaꞌ kaymu. Of course she doesn’t like you. Asal sa yan diꞌ mamaytaꞌ sin bunnal kaymu. Surely, he won’t tell you the truth. Asal putingan in tau yan. That man is really a liar. Asal siya diꞌ magkakaybaꞌ. She’s quiet by nature. Asal aku dī na pagkari niya. I was already here when he came. Asal gisiꞌ in būk pagbūs ku dayn kaniya. The book was already torn when I borrowed it from her. OV SYN. kariasali asal2 (var. of asar) n The midafternoon prayer. asam n. Tamarind.{The fruit contains an acid pulp used in medicines and foods.} Tamarindus indica (See Appendix 5: Plants) asang1 n. Gills (of fish). Cf. kumba, bagaꞌ asang2 v. act mag-, -um-. To sob or weep out loud (with gasps for breath). Asang kaw bang kaw diꞌ paagarun. Weep loudly if he won’t let you go with him.    adj. pangasang Easily made to cry, crybaby. Pangasang in bataꞌ yan. The child is a crybaby. OV SYN. tangis, dangulngul, *matay, *hukuꞌ-hukuꞌ asar (var. asal2) n. The midafternoon prayer (third of the five prayers of the day, halfway between noon and sunset, about 3:00 PM). In sambahayang asar dayn ha lisag tū pa lisag lima. The afternoon prayer is from three o’clock to five o’clock. Cf. subu1 1, luhul, magrib 1, aysa asawa n. A wife. OV SYN. tāiban    v. AQ ag/goal mag-; pat -un. To marry (a girl), take a wife. Asawahun niya in anak sin datuꞌ. He will marry the daughter of the royal chief.    v. pat pa-…-un. (For a boy’s parents) to arrange or give permission (for their son) to marry. Paasawahun namuꞌ na in anak mu. We’ll arrange for our son to marry. Cf. bana *pangasawa (derv.) v. (For a boy’s family) to ask (a girl’s family formally) for her hand in marriage.

asibiꞌ adj. Small, little in size. Asibiꞌ tuud in lamisahan hīnang mu. The table you made is very small. Asibiꞌ pa siya in kaipat namuꞌ. She was small when we adopted her.    v. ST pat -um-. To become smaller. Umasibiꞌ sa yan bang mu uturan. That will become smaller if you cut off (a portion). Paasibiun ta kaymu in badjuꞌ ini. We’ll make this dress smaller for you. OV SYN. anak-anak, manahut nahut, nikiꞌ-nikiꞌ, sibiꞌ-sibiꞌ; Cf. tiyuꞌ-tiyuꞌ *tiyuꞌ asik v. ag mag-, -um-. To dance (as in a pangalay). Nangasik in manga bataꞌ kahapun. Yesterday the children were dancing. Cf. bayla1 , dalling 1 asin n. Salt.    v. AR ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To put a little salt on something (to give it taste). Asinan ku in istaꞌ ini. I’ll salt this fish.    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To preserve or cook (food) by immersing it in salt. Asinun ku in bulinaw ini kilawn kunsūm. I’ll immerse these small fish in salt and eat it raw tomorrow (i.e., it will not be cooked with heat, only by the salt).    adj. maasin Salty. Maasin in dagat. Ocean water is salty. asin batu/asin jawaꞌ (comp.) adj. Solid salt. asin, magpaulan sin/paulanan in (idiom) adj. [Usu. with negative.] To let (one’s) past misdeeds or problems be known, hang out (one’s) dirty linen (lit. let the salt get rained on). Awn ka tau mabayaꞌ magpaulan sin asin niya? Is there anyone who wants to hang out his dirty linen? Diꞌ niya sa yan paulanan in asin niya. He won’t hang out his dirty linen. SYN. bahuꞌ1 2 *asip v. ag mag-, mang-, -um-; pat -un. To pay attention to (something), answer (someone) when called, greet or entertain (someone). Ayaw asipa in bissara niya. Don’t pay attention to what she says. Naglanggal kami saꞌ way aku iyasip niya. We met but he didn’t even greet me. Asip kaw bang kaw tawagun. Answer when you are called.    adj. maasip Friendly, amiable, genial. Subay kaw maasip ha manga luruk. You should be genial to the guests. OV SYN. masawmbibi *sawmbibi, dungug, sambag aslag n. Thickness. Biyaꞌ ha ini in aslag sin lubid nabī ku. The thickness of the rope that I bought was like this.

   v. ST pat -um-, mag-. To become thick or large.    adj. maaslag Large, thick (as of thread, needle, rope, or seeds). Maaslag in tanud yan. That thread is thick. OV SYN. dakmul aslum (gimb. asum) n. Sourness.    v. ST pat mag-, -um-. To become sour, acidic.    adj. maaslum Sour, acidic (as vinegar or citrus). Maaslum tuud in mampallam bang hilaw pa. The mango is sour when it’s still unripe. asmak adj. Stupid, simple-minded. Asmak in tau yaun. That person is simple-minded.    n. kaasmakan Stupidity. Nakalanduꞌ in kaasmakan sin tau yaun. That person’s stupidity is really too much (i.e., he is very stupid). OV SYN. babbal, julup, dupang assang n. A pigeon. Assang in piyalupad muna hi Nabi Nū dayn ha bahitraꞌ niya. The pigeon was the one sent out first by prophet Noah from his ark. family Columbidae (See Appendix 1: Birds and Flying Insects) astaꞌ n. One-fourth fathom, a cubit (the distance between one’s elbow and extended middle finger tip). (See sukud1 for table.) astagpirullah (var. astag) (Ar.) intj. An oath (lit. Allah, forgive me; used as an exclamation to express surprise, anger, annoyance). Astagpirullah! naunu kaw yan? Good grief! What happened to you? astanaꞌ n. A palace, house of a datu or a sultan. astiꞌ n. A white spot on the forehead (of an animal [usu. a cow] or a human being). In sapiꞌ ku taga astiꞌ. My cow has a white spot on its forehead.    adj. astian (Of an animal or a person) having a white spot on the forehead, (of one’s hair) having a white spot. Māhang in tau in buhuk niya astian. The person whose hair has a white spot is rare. astul n. Disgust, exasperation, upset feeling.    v. act mag-, -um-, -an; exp ka-…-an. To feel disgusted with or exasperated at (something). Astulan kātuꞌ in mastal bang way asaynmin ta. The teacher will be upset with us if we don’t have our assignments. Kaastulan ku tuud in tau abbuhan. I feel exasperated at a proud person.

   adj. maastul Disgusted, exasperated, upset. Maastul aku ha tau putingan. I am exasperated at a person who tells a lot of lies. OV SYN. amā, dugal, bunsi, agut1 , akig asu 1 n. Smoke, steam, vapor. v. act mag-, -um-; ran -an. To emit smoke, steam, vapor; be filled with smoke. Kītaꞌ ku nagꞌasu dayn ha kusina. I saw smoke coming from the kitchen. adj. maasu Smoky. Maasu in kusina. The kitchen is smoky. 2 v. AR ag magpa-; ran pa-…-an. To have (someone) breathe smoke (from incense or medicinal herbs) in order to cure (him). Piyaasuhan siya kamanyan sin mangungubat. The curer had him breathe incense smoke in order to cure him. Cf. angsu 2, tawal 1 asubu v. CV 2 ag mag-, -um-, mang-; pat -un, hi-, hipang-; goal -an. Ask (someone for information), inquire (of someone). Asubuhun ku siya bang hariin. I’ll ask him where. Asubuha in tau yadtu. Ask that man. Pangasubuhan in badjuꞌ bang kansiyu. Try to ask who owns this dress. Hipangasubu ta bang haunu in bāy nila. Let’s ask where their house is. SYN. *usihat; OV SYN. pariksaꞌ asum (gimb. equiv. of aslum) n Sourness. *atāk (Eng.) v. ag mag-, -um-, mang-; pat -un. To attack, assault (someone, as an enemy). In kampu atākun sin manga kuntara dūm ini. The camp will be attacked by the enemy tonight. OV SYN. gubat atal n. Lipstick.    v. AR ag mag-; ran -an. To put on lipstick. Bang kaw magꞌatal ayaw mu parakmula. When you put on lipstick don’t make it thick. atas v. ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. [Frequently unaffixed.] To guarantee, give assurance, be responsible for, prefer. Atas ku matay dayn sin mangaku daug. I prefer to die rather than to accept defeat. Atas ku hapdiun dayn sin manakaw. I prefer to go hungry rather than to steal. Atas ku in pagkaun niyu bang kamu magad kākuꞌ. I’ll be responsible for your food if you’ll go with me. Atasan ku in utang niya kaymu. I’ll guarantee the debts he has incurred with you. OV SYN. aku; Cf. gaus 2 atawa rel. Or. Ikaw in mari atawa aku? Will you come or will I? atay 1.1 n. Liver. Pila sīn in atay sapiꞌ adlaw yan? How much does beef liver cost today?

1.2 n. The pit of the stomach, solar plexus. 2 n. Heart (the seat of the emotions). v. rdp. ag mag-, mang-; pat -un. [Does not occur with pa₂.] To be resentful, be at odds with. Unu in makawaꞌ mu magꞌatay-atay kaniya? What can you get by being resentful against her? Ayaw dāha magꞌatay-atay in maas mu. Don’t be at odds with your parents. adj. maatay Thoughtful of others, generous, big-hearted; easily hurt. Maatay in tau yan. That person is thoughtful of others./That person is easily hurt. n. pangatayan Heart (the seat of the emotions. Used interchangeably with atay). OV SYN.: jantung 2. haatay (derv.) v. To take (something) to heart, consider (something) seriously. FIGURATIVE EXPRESSIONS WITH ATAY babag atay

obstinate, contrary

sakit atay

anger, hurt feelings

haluꞌ atay

insincerity

way atay

ungratefulness

buta atay

ungratefulness

ngiꞌ atay

anger, resentment, ill feeling (toward someone)

tawꞌ ha atay

harbor a grudge

taas atay

snobbery and aloofness, pride

pasuꞌ atay

hot temper, short temper

atay-batu

unforgiving spirit

atay-itum

treachery

guyaꞌ atay

emotionality, quickness to weep

hangka-atay

united

haggut atay

calmness

babaꞌ atay

humility

buntul atay

honesty

atay-putiꞌ

sincerity, blamelessness

lunuk atay

softhearted

atay-atay siki n. The underside of the arch of the foot. atay-batu n. Unforgiving spirit.    v. ag mag-. To be unforgiving. Nagꞌaatay-batu in tau yan. Diꞌ niya mamaap in anak niya nakarusa kaniya. That person is unforgiving. He can’t forgive his child who wronged him. (See atay for table.) atay-itum n. Treachery.    adj. (Of a person) treacherous. Ayaw kita magad ha tau atay-itum, subay ha tau atay-putiꞌ. Don’t go with a treacherous person, you should go with a sincere person.    v. ag mag-. To be treacherous. (See atay for table.) atay-putiꞌ n. Sincerity, blamelessness.    adj. Sincere, blameless.    v. ag mag-. To be sincere or blameless. Bang kita magtaat pa Tuhan subay na kita magꞌatay-putiꞌ. When we worship God, we should be sincere. (See atay for table.) atil (gimb. equiv. of atuli) n Earwax. atis n. Sweetsop, sugar apple. Mataud in bigi sin atis. Sugar apples have many seeds. Annona squamosa (See Appendix 5: Plants)

atras (Tag.) v. TV ag mag-, -um-; pat -un; ran -an. To retreat, withdraw (as from one’s enemy, difficulty, danger, fear), move backward (as of a jeep or boat). Umatras in tarak. The truck will move backward. Nagꞌatras in manga sundalu. The soldiers retreated. OV SYN. sibug; Cf. simay atu n. An enemy, opponent, contender. Hisiyu in atu mu ha pagkuntis magkalang? Who is your contender in the singing contest? OV SYN. kuntara, banta    v. ag mag-, -um-, mang-; ran -an. To counter, oppose, contend, defy (with the idea of overcoming something); be victorious. Subay tuud kita umatu ha banta ta. We must contend with our enemies. Atuhan ku siya. I will contend with him. OV SYN. baws *atubang v. RC ag mag-, mang-; pat -un. To meet (someone) face to face or eye to eye, face one another. Nagꞌatubang in nagbabanta. The enemies faced each other. OV SYN. alup 1, bilmaarup, harap 1 atud n. Manner of looking, act of looking. Maūk-ūk in atud niya kākuꞌ. His look at me was sharp.    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To look at (something). Atud kaw pa samin bat mu kakitaan in lupa mu. Look at the mirror so you can see what you look like. Unu ba in aturun mu ini? What are you looking at? OV SYN. kitaꞌ 1, *pandang, *duꞌlag, liggat, sīb 1, hundaw 1, ilag1, *idlap atulan (var. aturan) n. Method, ways and means applied and followed, guiding principles, protocol; basic regulations, by-laws. Biyaꞌ diin in atulan sin pagdā sin agama Islam bang kaw magsambahayang? What are the guiding principles of Islam with regard to the performance of prayer? atuli (gimb. atil) n. Earwax.    v. AR ag mag-; ran -an. To remove earwax (from someone). Atulihi in manghud mu, Indaꞌ. Remove the earwax from your little brother’s ear, Lassie. Cf. antil atūn n. Small embers of burning wood. OV SYN. baga1 atup n. A roof, top covering of a house or building.    v. AR ag mag-; ran -an. To provide or cover with a roof. Atupan ta na in bāy sin atup mital. We will roof the house with galvanized roofing. Cf. bubung awal v. ag mag-; ran -an. To plan or think about (something) ahead of time (so as to avoid negative

consequences), take precautions. Ay na kaw magꞌūs-ꞌūs, subay ta awalan in ha ulihan. Don’t be in a hurry. We should think of the consequences ahead of time. Cf. halliꞌ 1 awam adj. Ignorant, not informed, unknowledgeable, unaware. Awam aku sin saraꞌ. I’m unaware of the laws.    n. kaawaman Ignorance, unawareness. Subay kamu īgan dayn ha kaawaman. You have to be freed from ignorance. awan n. The atmospheric space. OV SYN. langit, āyan awat 1 n. Distance. Duwa-ruwang dupa in awat sin hambuuk pa hambuuk tau. The distance between each person was two arm spans. v. ag mag-; ran pag-…-an. (Of people, animals, or conveyances moving in the same direction, for one) to be ahead of (the other). Paawatun in hambuuk manga duwangdupa, pasal marāgan kaw tuud yan. Let the other person be two arm spans ahead, because you are fast at running. 2 v. ag mag-, -um-. To step beyond a prescribed line (in a game and so gain an advantage over an opponent). Nagꞌawat siya hangkan nakasūd in bula. He stepped beyond the prescribed line, that is why he was able to shoot the basket. away intj. An emphatic refusal (to do something); no! (shouted by someone who is very angry). Away ba, diꞌ aku magad kaymu. No! I’m not going with you. awla adv. Most fitting; (often with labi) even more so, especially. Ikaw in awla hinangun nakuraꞌ ha Patikul. You’ll be the most fitting leader for Patikul. Subay in Muslim magꞌammal ibādat labi awla magsambahayang lima waktu. Every Muslim must perform his religious obligations especially to pray five times a day.    v. ag mag-. To act in a manner fitting to one’s position, have authority (over someone). In manga maas makapagꞌawla ha manga anak nila bang way pa paghulaꞌ. Parents have authority over their unmarried children. Diꞌ kaw manjari magꞌawla kāmuꞌ bang way kapatutan mu dayn ha parinta. You can’t have authority over us if the government didn’t authorize you. OV SYN. subay awliyaꞌ n. An ascetic. In awliyaꞌ ini, in hinang nila magsambahayang sadja pa Tuhan iban diꞌ maglamud pakaradjaan dunya. These ascetics, they do nothing but pray to God, and don’t mix in the affairs of the

world.    v. ag mag-. [With pa₂, agent must be God.] To become an ascetic. Mahunit in magꞌawliyaꞌ. It’s difficult to become an ascetic. Cf. ulamaꞌ *awluꞌ v. CV 3 ag mag-; pat -un. To carry (something) lying on both arms in front (as a baby unconscious person). Iyawluꞌ nila in bataꞌ-bataꞌ nahulug. They carried on their arms the child who had fallen. (See dā for table.) awn v. (Existential) there is/are, to have. Awn na manga anak nila. They already have children.    vt. pat pa-…-un. To cause to come into being, create. Subay ta paawnun in kahatulan ha hulaꞌ ta. We have to work for peace and order in our country. OV SYN. *panjari    vi. pat ma-. To come to be. Maawn in lingug ha Lupaꞌ Sūg. There will be confusion in Jolo.    adj. awnan Wealthy, having possessions. In tau awnan mataud sīn niya. A wealthy man has plenty of money. SYN. dayahan daya; Cf. balkanan 1    adj. awn-awn Above average in wealth, well-to-do. Awn-awn tuud in manga tau yaun. Those people are well-to-do. awrat n. {Euph.} The external genitals of either sex, pudenda, any part of the body which should not be seen. Ayaw kaw magbissara lakat-lakat pasal awrat. Don’t talk filthy about the external genitals. SYN. alupan alup 2 Awrusalam n. Jerusalem. awwal n. Beginning, origin. Dayn hain taꞌ in awwal sin tau ini? From where is the origin of this man?    adj. Original (referring to people of ancient times). Hisiyu in manga tau awwal ha Lupaꞌ Sūg? Who were the original inhabitants of Jolo? OV SYN. tagnaꞌ, bakas; ANT. ahil awwal jaman (comp.) adj. Ancient times. ay1 intj. Oh! (an expression of surprise). Ay! dimatung na kaw hāti. Oh! so you arrived. ay2 (see ayaw) adv. Don’t (negative marker with commands). ay kaw naa intj. (An expression of surprise) hey! Ay kaw naa! Biyaꞌ diin in kasūd sin sugarul sin tambul in sūran katān? Hey, how did the thief get in when the entrances were all closed?

ay naa kaw intj. Just a moment; excuse me (polite way of getting someone’s attention). Ay naa kaw, hisiyu in nagbaytaꞌ kaymu sin tumulak aku? Excuse me, who told you I was going to leave on a trip? ayꞌay n. Light bamboo or wooden poles (used to support flooring), joists. Pasikuta in ayꞌay bat humugut in lantay. Make the joists closer to one another so that the floor will be firm. Cf. hanglad aya n. Father, (kinship term of address for a salip). OV SYN. amaꞌ, aba, appaꞌ ayad n. Carefulness, caution, precaution, attention to detail.    adj./adv. maayad Careful(ly), cautious(ly), watchful(ly), accurate(ly). Maayad siya maghinang. She works carefully. Subay kaw maayad magbissara. You should speak carefully (i.e., be careful what you say).    v. AR ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To be careful, be cautious, pay attention to, take precautions, look after, take good care (of something). Ayad kaw dayn ha tau yan. Be careful of that fellow. Ayari in baran mu. Take good care of your health. Ayari in hīhinang mu. Pay attention to your work. OV SYN. halliꞌ 1, istihal, jaga ayak v. CH 1 ag mag-, -um-; pat -un, ka-…-an. To sift (something, as flour). Ayaka in tirigu. Sift the flour.    n. ayakan A sifter. OV SYN. sāan *sāꞌ āyan n. Outer space, the dwelling place of the immortals. Nakaabut na in manga Milikan pa āyan. The Americans have already reached outer space. Guwaꞌ dayn ha āyan in biraddali. Skymaidens have their origin in outer space. OV SYN. awan, langit ayang 1 n. A term of endearment for a little girl. OV SYN. indaꞌ, iting1 2 n. (cap.) A proper name. ayas v. ag mag-; pat -un. [With another verb.] (To do something) collectively, (do something) completely or entirely, (do something) quickly. Ayas na kamu dagan bat kamu diꞌ abutan sin pulis. All of you run quickly so the policeman won’t catch you. Nagꞌayas nagsuntuk in manga bataꞌ iskul. All the students were collectively fighting each other. Iyayas siyunug in kabāyan ha Maimbung. They burned entirely the houses in Maimbung. Ayasa kauna in bangbang bat sila diꞌ kakapinan. Eat all the cookies so there won’t be anything left for them. OV SYN. *ambat 1

ayat n. A sentence, line, verse. Bassaha niyu in manga ayat ha Kuraan. Read those verses in the Koran. ayaw (var. ay3) adv. Don’t (negative marker with commands). Ayaw kaw magkadtu pa subaꞌ. Don’t go into the river.    v. rdp. pat ma-. [Always with negative diꞌ.] Refers to a situation which cannot be calmed or settled (as a baby crying non-stop). Diꞌ na maayaw-ayaw in bataꞌ ini, magtangis sadja. This child can’t be calmed down, she is always crying. Diꞌ na maayaw-ayaw in pasuꞌ sin atay niya, mabayaꞌ magbunuꞌ. His anger can’t be cooled down, he wants to fight.    rel. Even more so, how much more. Ayaw pa ikaw in diꞌ ku bunuun, minsan in taymanghud ku bunuun ku da. I will even kill my brother, how much more you. Cf. bukun, diꞌ, way 1, walaꞌ, wayruun ayb n. Fault; shame, dishonor; guilt, painful feeling (caused by doing wrong or by failure to do what is right) (also kaayban). Ikaw na ini in nakarā ayb ha mawmaas mu. You’ve brought shame to all your elders. Asal way ayb in tau panakaw. A thief doesn’t have any shame. Nakalanduꞌ in kaayban ku. My guilty feeling is very great.    adj. makaayb Causing fault, shame, dishonor. Makaayb kaymu bang sāꞌ in hinang mu. It will cause you shame if you do what is wrong. OV SYN. luman, bias, pakiꞌ 1, ajayb 1; GENR. sipug aybuwas (var. libuwas) v. RC act mag-. To fail to meet (something on the way); (for people’s paths) to cross without (the people) meeting. Nagꞌaybuwas in panaw namuꞌ ha dān. Our paths crossed on the way but we didn’t meet. SYN. *sulabay ayl n. Ablution.{A ceremonial washing of the hands, face, nose, ears, and feet before Muslim prayer.} Batal in ayl niya. His ablution is spoiled.    v. ag mag-. To perform ablution, make clean; purify from moral taint or guilt. Magꞌayl muna ampa magsambahayang. We should perform ablutions first before praying. OV SYN. *lanuꞌ, hugas 1, sussi aympūs (var. of alimpūs) n A whirlwind. aymuka n. Facial expression, countenance. Ngiꞌ dayaw sin aymuka mamaytaꞌ sin kabunnalan sin atay. The bad or good expression of the face will show the true feeling of the heart. Biyāk niya kami iban

sawa aymuka. She met us with a cheerful facial expression. ayn n. Anything given for services or favors rendered, prize, reward. Yan in ayn sin sangsaꞌ mu. There is the prize for your labor. In altaꞌ yan ayn sin pagtabang mu. This item of wealth is a reward for the help you’ve given. OV SYN. tungud2 , bayad, tungbas; Cf. dihil aysa (var. isa2) n. The last of the five prayers of the day (usu. just after 7:00 PM). Nagsambahayang aysa hi Abdul. Abdul prayed the last prayer of the day. Cf. subu1 1, luhul, asar, magrib 1 *ayuꞌ v. ag mag-; pat -un. To ask or beg (someone sick) to get well (esp. a child) by giving (a gift).{Usu. done to apologize for a slight offense committed that caused someone to be sick.} Iyayuꞌ ku hi Indaꞌ sin badjuꞌ baꞌgu. I begged Indaꞌ to get well by giving her a new dress. ayum-ayum n. An eyelet stitch.    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To sew an eyelet stitch. OV SYN. sakal-sakal, sulsi, langgahit, bagsaꞌ, kumpiꞌ *ayuput v. ag mag-; pat -un. To attend to, look after, take care of (something). Aku in magꞌayuput ha manga bataꞌ. I’ll take care of the children. SYN. *ayura *ayura v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To look after, attend to, take care of (something). Subay inaꞌ in magꞌayura ha manga anak niya. A mother must be the one to take care of her children. Ayuraha in manga hinang mu ha lawm bāy. Attend to your household chores. SYN. *ayuput; OV SYN. ipat, *upiksaꞌ

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Tausug-English Dictionary: Kabtangan Iban Maana

Tausug - English a

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b ba 1 adv. Indicates that the speaker is somewhat irritated; emphasizes what the speaker is saying. Hain mu ba tiyawꞌ in būk ku? Where did you keep my book? 2 adv. Adds politeness to a request. Indaꞌ, dāha ba kākuꞌ in baldi pa babaꞌ. Lassie, please take the bucket downstairs for me. bāꞌ n. Pork. Diꞌ aku magkaun bāꞌ. I don’t eat pork. baꞌgu (var. bagu) adj. New, recent, fresh, young. Naglayn sila pa bāy baꞌgu. They moved into a new house.

   vt. ag mag-; pat -un. To renew, revise, or change (something). Baꞌguhun ta in kalangan. We will revise the song. Subay mu baꞌguhun in addat tabiat mu. You have to change your attitude. ANT. daan baꞌlus (var. balus) 1 adj. Smelly, sour, rancid, spoiled (as of milk or cooked food). Baꞌlus na in istaꞌ. The fish is smelly. v. act -um-; pat ma-. (For food to) spoil or become rancid, Maꞌlus in kaunun bang labayan dūm. The rice will spoil if left overnight. 2 adj. Old, antiquated, worn out (as of a story, manner, or fashion). Baꞌlus na in suysuy yan. That’s old news now. baꞌngug adj. (Of water or coconut juice) spoiled, stale. Baꞌngug na in tubig butung. The coconut juice is spoiled. OV SYN. baꞌlus 1, kahang baꞌtal (var. batal) 1 vt. pat pa-…-un; ran -an. To touch (a bride’s) forehead, (signifies broken virginity).{In a Tausug wedding the bridegroom, after the formal ceremony, goes together with the officiating priest (imam) to the bride’s room and touches the latter’s forehead with his finger to symbolize that they are now man and wife.} Kiyabaꞌtalan na in pangantin babai. The bride’s forehead has been touched (by the groom). 2 adj. (Of an ablution, prayer, or fast) invalid. In sambahayang baꞌtal diꞌ taymaun sin Tuhan. An invalid prayer won’t be accepted by God. v. pat ma-. (For a performance of prayer, a fast, an ablution, etc.) to be or become invalid.{An ablution (ayl) or a prayer (sambahayang) may be invalidated by coming in contact with something ritually unclean (haram), by touching someone of the opposite sex, even one’s spouse or child, by making a mistake in performing the ablution or prayer, or by passing urine, feces, or gas. A fast may be invalidated by eating or taking medicine during the time prescribed for fasting, by vomiting, or by blood coming out in menstruation or in a cut, by wounding someone, or by sexual contact after sahul or during the day.} Mabaꞌtal in puasa mu bang kaw magsuka. Your fast will be invalid if you throw up. baak (var. of bāk) v To meet (something). *baak v. ag maka-; ran ka-…-an. To discover, find (something); determine, find out something).

Nakabaak na kaw sin kakanaꞌ kabayaan mu? Did you find the material you want? Walaꞌ ku kiyabaakan in bāy piyaghulaan nila. I didn’t find the house where they live. Awn kangian kiyabaakan mu kaniya? Did you find any fault in him? Subay na kabaakan in kasulutan ampa kita muwiꞌ. We shouldn’t go home until a peaceful settlement is determined. OV SYN. batuk; Cf. lawag 1 baan v. rdp. act mag-. To be in a group, flock.{Usu. spoken of fish, birds, or animals, but may also be used of people.} Nagbaan-baan in mastal nagkāꞌ gadji. The teachers flocked to get their salaries.    n. baanan Flock, herd, drove, crowd, school, group. In uwak kamasuhulan maglupad ha baanan. Crows usually fly in flocks. OV SYN. *umban, buyan, *tundan 1 baat n. A kind of song sung in Tausug for entertainment or self-enjoyment, ballad.{Deals with the themes of love, sadness, or joy and is frequently sung to the bride or groom at weddings.} Mabayaꞌ tuud aku magdungug baat. I really like to hear a ballad. OV SYN. luguꞌ, tarasul, langan, kalang2 ; GENR. sail baba v. CV 3 ag mag-; pat -un. To carry (someone) on one’s back. Babaha hi Indaꞌ pa lupaꞌ. You carry Inda to the ground on your back. (See dā for table.) bābā rel. While. Siglaꞌ na kaw uwiꞌ bābā way ulan. Go home quickly while it’s not yet raining. babaꞌ 1 n. The bottom (of something), the lower part (of something); beneath or under (something). Kitaa in tawmpaꞌ ku ha babaꞌ sin lamisahan. Look for my shoes under the table. OV SYN.: sawm; ANT.: taas 1. vt. ag mag-, mang-; ran -an. To go down, make (something) lower. Magbabaꞌ aku dayn ha bāy bang awn hinangun ku ha babaꞌ. I go down from the house if I have work to do downstairs. Babaan ku in lilingkuran sin basikul ini, sabab diꞌ aku makatanam. I’ll lower the seat of this bicycle because I’m not comfortable. vi. act -um-. (For something physical) to become lower; (for a price) to come down. Kuꞌnu mabaꞌ in hargaꞌ sin lana? When will the price of oil come down? adj. mababaꞌ Short, low. Mababaꞌ pakarayaw in paglupad sin ariplanu! Good grief! the airplane is flying low. adj. patibabaꞌ Humble, not proud or arrogant, unassuming, modest. In tau patibabaꞌ bukun abbuhan. A person who is modest is not boastful.

2 v. rdp. ag mang-; pat -un. To disparage, degrade, belittle (something). Ayaw mu babaꞌ-babaa in hinang sin mayul. Don’t disparage the mayor’s achievement. babaꞌ atay n. Humility.    adj. mababaꞌ atay Humble. Subay kitaniyu malasa ha tau mababaꞌ atay. We should love a humble person. (See atay for table.) bābag n. A sill, floor joist, any horizontal brace or support. Ayaw naa lansanga in manga bābag yan. Don’t nail those joists yet.    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un; goal -an. To place or arrange (something) perpendicular (to something else); place (something) crosswise. Bābagun ku in batang kahuy ha dān. I’ll place the tree trunk perpendicular to (i.e., across) the road. Bābagun ta subay in kahuy yan pa hagdan. We have to put that wood perpendicular to the stairs.    adj. Cross-eyed; crosswise. Bābag in pangatud mu. You are looking crosseyed. bābag atay adj. Obstinate, contrary. In tau bābag atay mahunit hinduan. An obstinate person is hard to teach. (See atay for table.) babai n. A woman, female.{Applies particularly to humans but is sometimes used of animals or plants.} Malingkat in babai yaun. That woman is pretty. OV SYN. umagak    v. ag mag-. To have illicit affairs with other women, be unfaithful to one’s wife. Mangiꞌ in usug magbabai bang awn asawa niya. It’s wrong for a married man to have illicit affairs with other women. OV SYN. kirida, usug-usug usug babai mangiꞌ n. {Euph.} A prostitute. OV SYN. puta babarāpa adj. Various, miscellaneous. Ginis babarāpa na in sayul diyaragang ha tabuꞌ. There are various kinds of vegetables sold in the market. OV SYN. ginis babat n. Belly (derogatory term). Malagguꞌ in babat mu. You have a big belly. OV SYN. tiyan 1 babaw 1 n. The upper surface (as of a table, shelves, body of water, heap of papers, or clothes). Butangan in saruk ha babaw lamisahan. Place the hat on the upper surface (i.e., top) of the table. OV SYN.: taas 1, puntuk.

v. AR ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To place (something) on top (of something else). Babawan ta sin kātas in tamungun bat diꞌ kalummian. Let’s cover the clothes with paper so they won’t get dirty. 2.1 n. Shallowness (of water). Biyaꞌ diin in babaw sin tubig? How shallow is the water? adj. (Of water) shallow, not deep. 2.2 n. Superficiality (of knowledge, one’s mind). adj. mababaw (Of knowledge) superficial, shallow. Bang in maghutbaꞌ ha langgal mababaw da in ingat niya pasal sin Kuraan kulang da in tau makahati. If the knowledge of the preacher in the mosque about the Koran is shallow, only a few people will understand. OV SYN.: malawm lawm 1.2. babayu (see bayu) n. A small pestle. babbal adj. Foolish, stupid, idiotic. In tau babbal diꞌ kapangandulan. An idiotic person cannot be trusted. OV SYN. asmak, julup, dupang babuꞌ (var. abuꞌ) 1 n. Aunt, stepmother.{Primarily a term of address used when speaking to the female siblings or cousins of one’s parent.} 2 n. A respectful term used in addressing a woman older than oneself. Marayaw kasuddahan hi Babuꞌ. Auntie is kind. OV SYN. inaun babuꞌ dayang n. Ma’am, madam. Babuꞌ dayang maglutuꞌ na aku. Ma’am, I will cook now. Malasa aku kan babuꞌ dayang. I love my ma’am. OV SYN. babuꞌ 1 babuꞌ hadjiꞌ n. A term of address to an elderly lady who has made the pilgrimage to Mecca. Bang kaw magtawag ha babai ampa hadjiꞌ subay hi babuꞌ hadjiꞌ. When addressing an elderly woman who has gone on the pilgrimage it should be aunt hadjiꞌ. babuy 1 n. A pig, hog. (See Appendix 4: Animals, Non-flying) 2 n. The meat of the pig or hog. Diꞌ magkaun in Muslim babuy. Muslims don’t eat pork. OV SYN. bāꞌ babuy-babuy n. Epilepsy. Siyasakit siya babuy-babuy. He has epilepsy. (See Appendix 8: Diseases)    v. ST pat -un. To be afflicted with epilepsy, suffer an attack of epilepsy. Biyabuy-babuy hi Arasa. Arasa is having an attack of epilepsy. bacha (var. bassa; batsa) v. ag mag-; pat -un. To read (something). Bachaha kākuꞌ in sulat ini. Read this

letter for me. Salugay niya nagbabacha naligad in bataꞌ. While she was reading, the child fell. badbad adj. Unrolled, uncoiled, unfurled, (of hair) down (i.e., not put up). Badbad in buhuk niya sabab basaꞌ. Her hair is down because it’s wet.    v. ag mag-; pat -un, -an. To unroll, uncoil, unfurl. Badbara in salban dayn ha giyulungan niya. Unroll the thread from its spool. OV SYN. *hubad badjaꞌ n. A plow.    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To plow. Magbadjaꞌ kita sin uma kinsūm. We’ll plow the rice field tomorrow. SYN. araru; OV SYN. *badlis badjang n. A disease of carabao in which internal parts of the ears swell and become odorous. badjaw n. (A name used by outsiders for the so-called) sea gypsies.{In southern Sulu and eastern Borneo, a pagan group of nomadic boat dwellers.} SYN. Luwaan, Sama lawd; Cf. Samal badju (Tag.) n. A storm, typhoon. Mataud bāy nagkangiꞌ sin badju. Many houses were destroyed by the storm. SYN. hunus badjuꞌ n. Clothing worn primarily on the upper part of the body (as dress, shirt, coat, blouse, jacket, etc.). {Pants, slacks, skirt, etc., are not considered badjuꞌ.}    v. ag mag-; pat -un; ran -an. To dress, put on clothes. Badjuun ku in badjuꞌ pula. I will put on the red shirt. Badjuꞌ na kaw bat pa iskul na kita! Get dressed so we can go to school! Badjuan ku badjuꞌ malingkat hi Indaꞌ. I’ll dress baby with a beautiful dress. GENR. tamungun *tamung badjuꞌ masigpit n. Tight dress, tight-fitting Tausug blouse. In badjuꞌ masigpit niya malingkat. Her tightfitting dress is beautiful. OV SYN. batawi badlak n. Pulsation, palpitation, premonition. Ayaw lanjalan in panaw mu bang awn badlak sin baran mu. Don’t proceed with your journey if you have that premonition.    v. act mag-. To pulsate, throb, beat hard; have a premonition. Makusug magbadlak in atay mu bang kaw miyumugaꞌ. Your heart will beat hard if you are afraid. Bang magbadlak in baran awn hāti niya. If you have a premonition something wrong is going to happen. OV SYN. kuba-kuba, alamat2

*badlis v. ag mag-; pat -un. To plow (a field) for the last time. Diyangin niya kami magbadlis sin uma niya. He invited us to do the last plowing of his field. OV SYN. araru, badjaꞌ; Cf. samban2 badlung n. A slingshot. In badlung hīnang da isab sanjataꞌ sin kamaasan. Slingshots were weapons of the people of olden times.    v. ag mag-, -um-, mang-; pat -un. To hit or strike with a slingshot. Mamadlung aku mampallam. I’ll hit a mango with the slingshot. Badlungun ku in manuk-manuk yaun. I’ll strike that bird with a slingshot. Hipangbadlung ku in batu ini mampallam. I’ll use this stone for hitting the mango with a slingshot. OV SYN. pitikan pitik bāg (Eng.) n. A bag (as a school bag, flight bag, not paper bag or plastic bag).    v. ag mag-. To use a bag. OV SYN. bawyut, tampipiꞌ, puyuꞌ baga1 n. Embers, coals. Nalūs aku sin baga kāyu. I got burned by the coals.    v. ag magpa-; pat -un; ran -an. To produce live coals (as by burning firewood). Pagpabaga kaw bat madangdang in istaꞌ. Make some coals for roasting the fish. Subay bagahun naa in kahuy bat matapa in istaꞌ. We should make coals from the wood first so that we can roast the fish. Bagahan natuꞌ asal in dapulan supaya masidlaꞌ in pagꞌapam. Let’s put coals in the stove beforehand so the making of the pancakes will be quick.    adj. mabaga Producing many embers. Mabaga in kahuy bakkaw hipagdungul. The mangrove produces many embers when used as firewood. OV SYN. atūn baga2 n. A slap with the open hand.{Tapling refers to hitting the head with the fingers while sampak is an open palm slapping without force.} Masakit in baga dayn ha tapling iban dayn ha sampak. A slap with open palm hurts more than either a tapling or a sampak.    v. ag mang-; pat -un. To slap (someone’s) face forcefully with the open palm. Pagbagahun siya sin bana niya. Her husband often slaps her. OV SYN. sampak, tapling bagaꞌ n. Human lungs. OV SYN. kumba bagaang (var. buꞌgang) n. Molar (teeth). In ipun dakulaꞌ amu in bagaang. The large teeth are the molars. bagal 1 n. A castrated male of the cattle family.

2 adj. mabagal Bulky (as with contents). Mabagal in bāg niya. Her bag is bulky. bagalawang1 n. A big kite. Magpalupad kami bagalawang kunsūm. We’ll fly a big kite tomorrow. bagalawang2 n. A children’s game similar to prisoner’s base. Malami in manga bataꞌ bang magpanayam na bagalawang. Children are happy to play prisoner’s base. SYN. balatin bagay n. A friend. Bagay ku hi Abdul. Abdul is my friend.    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To be or become friends (with someone), befriend (someone). Bagaya in tau ha Tiyanggi. Befriend a man in town. OV SYN. panun bagaybay n. The young inflorescence of palm trees.{Often used as a decoration for special occasions, for example during the mawlud or during bulan taytiꞌ.} (See niyug for table.) bagbag 1 vt. CH 1 ag mag-; pat -un; ran -an. To shatter or break (something, as glass, eggs, hard fragile objects). Bagbagun ku in ū mu pa simintu. I’ll break your head on the cement. vi. ST pat ma-. To be or become broken or shattered. Nabagbag in kassaꞌ. The bottle is broken. OV SYN.: baliꞌ 1, bugtuꞌ 1, *sagpiꞌ. 2 v. pat ma-. (For one’s heart) to be broken. Nabagbag in lawm atay ku. My heart is broken. bagguꞌ n. Cowry, a shell of any of various mollusks. Mataud manga malingkat bagguꞌ ha hunasan. There are so many beautiful cowries in the shallow water. baggut v. ag mag-; pat -un; ran -an. To fasten (something) by tying (as a fagot, a suitcase, or luggage), bind (something). Baggutun ku na in manga labban ini. I’ll tie up these boxes. Baggutan ku lubid in manga labban. I’ll fasten this box with this rope. OV SYN. butuk, *hukut, *gakut bagid n. A match (for igniting a fire). Awn ka bagid mu duun? Do you have a match?    v. pat papagbagirun To rub one object against another (so as to produce friction). Bang papagbagirun in duwa bulaꞌ maglaga. If two bamboo sticks are rubbed against each other they will ignite. OV SYN. *gidgid Baginda 1 n. A title before the names of the four caliphs. 2 n. A masculine proper name.

bagnit (Eng.) n. A magnet.    v. ST pat ma-. To be magnetized or drawn by electric current (as if by a magnet), be shocked (by electric current). Nabagnit siya sin kurinti. He was shocked by electric current. OV SYN. *utung bagsaꞌ n. Long, loose stitches (to keep the parts together until properly sewed).    v. ag mag-; ran -an. To baste (something). Bagsaa naa in buktun ampa mu tahiun. Baste the sleeve first before sewing. OV SYN. ayum-ayum, dahut, langgahit, sakal-sakal bagtiꞌ vt. ag -um-, mag-; pat -un; ran -an. To break (something either partially or through). Bagtia ba in kahuy ini kākuꞌ. Please break this wood for me.    vi. pat ma-. (For something) to break (partially or through). Nabagtiꞌ in sanga sin sumping. The stem of the flower has nearly broken. Nabagtiꞌ tuud in ipun ku. My tooth broke. OV SYN. baliꞌ 1 bagting n. A bell. Matanug in bagting ha iskul. The school bell is loud.    v. CH 1 ag/act mag-; pat -un. To vibrate, ring; ring a bell. Aruy! magbagting in taynga ku. Ouch! my ears are ringing. Nagbagting na ha iskul, tarasaw na kita. The school bell has rung, we’re late. Bagtinga na madtu! You ring the bell! OV SYN. *kagul bagu (var. of baꞌgu) adj New, recent, fresh, young. baguꞌ n. Enlarged spleen. baguꞌbuꞌ n. Mold, fungus. In baguꞌbuꞌ ini makalummiꞌ sin tawmpaꞌ natuꞌ. This mold makes our shoes dirty.    v. ST pat -un. To be or become moldy. Biyaguꞌbuꞌ na in tinapay ini. This bread has already become moldy. OV SYN. kapu-kapu bāgun n. A vine. Lawag kaw bāgun hipagbaggut sin digpiꞌ. You look for a vine to bind this board. panggiꞌ bāgun (comp.) n. Sweet potato. bagun-bagun1 n. An outline stitch. Tastasi in bagun-bagun sin biyurdahan mu. Rip out the outline stitch that you embroidered.    v. AR ag mag-; ran -an. To sew an outline stitch. Bagun-baguni sin tanud gaddung. Outline stitch it

with green thread. OV SYN. ayum-ayum, bakiyaꞌ bagun-bagun2 n. A variety of mollusk. (See Appendix 3: Seashells, Seaweeds, etc.) bagunbun n. Dust.    adj. mabagunbun Dusty. Bang timpu panuga mabagunbun in dān. The roads are dusty when it’s dry season. bagung v. AR ag mag-; ran -an. To shave (as whiskers, hair). Bagungan ku in pungut ku gana-gana. I’ll shave my whiskers later. OV SYN. *susuꞌ bahaꞌ adv. (A particle used for emphasis to indicate uncertainty or ignorance) maybe; (in questions) do you suppose. Hatiku bahaꞌ magbalik da kamu kunsūm. Maybe you will return tomorrow. Unu bahaꞌ in piyagtipunan sin manga tau? What do you suppose the people are gathered together for? bahagiꞌ n. Share, allotment, section, part, fraction, division. Pila in bahagiꞌ mu sin untung? What was your share of the profit?    v. ag mag-; pat -un, hipag-; goal -an. To divide, allot, apportion (something). Bahagiun namuꞌ magtū in hanggatus sundalu. We will divide the hundred soldiers into three sections. Bahagian ta sīn hi Utuꞌ. We will allot some money for Sonny. bahal n. Toddy (which is two or three days old and thus) fermented, fermented sap of the coconut palm. In bahal paghinangun sin Tausug sukaꞌ. Tausugs use fermented toddy in making vinegar. bahalaꞌ (Tag.) 1 n. Someone responsible (for something or someone else). Ikaw na in bahalaꞌ ha manga bataꞌ. You’re responsible for the children. OV SYN. pangandul 2 intj. (With na) I don’t care (signifies acceptance of whatever may come). Bāng taꞌ madtu, bahalaꞌ na! So what! I don’t care. OV SYN. *sād bahanaꞌ n. {Rare} Report, information, rumor. Awn bahanaꞌ sin dumatung in manga sundalu kunsūm. There’s a report that the soldiers will arrive tomorrow.    v. act maka-; exp ka-…-an. [Does not occur with pa₂.] To take notice of, sense (the presence of someone).{Connotes a cautionary and threatening feeling of an impending danger, as the presence of a burglar, spy, or murderer.} Nakabahanaꞌ aku tau ha daig bāy kābii. I sensed someone snooping

around the house last night. OV SYN. bahunus, sayu bahasa n. Language, dialect, speech. Bahasa unu in bissara mu? What is the language you are speaking? sabut bahasa (comp.) adj. Educated. julbahasa (derv.) n. An interpreter. v. To interpret (something) into another language. bahaya n. {Rare} Danger. Bang way da bahaya ha dān kalu-kalu kamu lumanjal kinsūm. If there is no danger on the way you might proceed tomorrow. SYN. piligru bahibu n. Fine body hair (exclusive of the top of the head).{Used of people only, not animals.}    adj. mabahibu Hairy. Mabahibu in bitis mu. Your legs are hairy. OV SYN. bulbul Bahitraꞌ n. The ark (of Noah). Bahitraꞌ in siyakatan hi Nabi Nū ha waktu sin pagꞌumbak tawpan. The ark was the conveyance of Prophet Noah at the time of the great flood. OV SYN. adjung bahittuk n. Noise (occurs only with negative existential). Way na bahittuk sin dān bang tungaꞌ dūm. The street is noiseless at midnight. OV SYN. kaybaꞌ; ANT. hibuk bahuꞌ1 1 n. Bad odor, stench, smell. adj. mabahuꞌ Stinky, odorous, smelly. Mabahuꞌ in pagjajambanan. The toilet is smelly. vi. ST act -um-. To develop a stinking odor, stink. Mahuꞌ sa kān bang kaw diꞌ mayguꞌ. You’ll stink if you don’t take a bath. vt. ran ka-…-an. To smell a bad smell. Wayruun kabahuan ku bat iyuulapay aku. I can’t smell the bad smell, I have a stuffy nose. ANT.: hamut. 2 n. Bad reputation. Subay ta diꞌ paguwaun in bahuꞌ sin bagay ta. We should not let out the bad reputation of our friend. v. pat -um-; ran ka-…-an. [Used with baling (q.v.).] (For one’s past misdeeds or problems) to become known; (for skeletons in one’s closet) to come out; (for one’s dirty linen) to be hung out. Walaꞌ niyu sa yan kiyabahuan in baling sin tau yan. You haven’t learned the past misdeeds of that fellow. Bang in hambuuk tau magpabahuꞌ sin baling niya, in tau yan dupang. If a person hangs out his dirty linen, he is a fool. SYN.: asin, magpaulan sin/paulanan in idiom asin.

bahuꞌ2 v. pat -un. [Does not occur with pa₂.] To get sick.{Spoken of someone who is new or a stranger to a certain place.} Mahumu bahuun in tau iyampa makakadtu pa Tawi-Tawi. People usually get sick who go for the first time to Tawi-Tawi. OV SYN. sakit 1 bahubuk n. {Rare} Tumult, uproar, hubbub, hullabaloo (spoken of persons only). Unu taꞌ in bahubuk ha plasa yan? What’s the tumult in the plaza all about?    adj. mabahubuk Tumultuous, uproarious. bahudjiꞌ n. An anchor (made of iron). Iyutung niya in bahudjiꞌ mabuggat. He pulled the heavy anchor. SYN. sāw2 bahug v. ag mag-; pat -un; ran -an. To immerse (cooked food in liquid, as cooked rice in soup, gravy, milk or water). Biyahug niya in kaunun sin sabaw. She immersed the rice in the soup. Bahugan ku sabaw in kaunun ini. I’ll immerse this cooked rice in the soup. OV SYN. luꞌgum, tublak bahunus n. A slight sound or noise.    v. ran ka-…-an. To hear (a slight sound or noise, esp. caused by a burglar). Kiyabahunusan namuꞌ simūd pa bāy in mananakaw. We heard the burglar get into the house. OV SYN. hibuk, bahanaꞌ bahwa n. Word of greeting (previously used by persons of rank or prestige written at the beginning of a letter). Sulat ini bahwa, naug dayn kan Amina. This letter (with) greeting comes from Amina. SYN. alamat1 bāi n. The relationship of the parents of a married couple. In inaꞌ amaꞌ sin asawa ku bāi sin inaꞌ amaꞌ ku. My parents and my wife’s parents’ are in the relationship of those whose children are married.    v. RC act mag-. To be in the relationship bound by children’s marriage. In maas sin bana ku magbāi iban sin maas ku. The parents of my husband and my parents are in a relationship bound by our marriage. baid v. ag mang-. [Cannot focus the person asked permission from, only the person asked permission for (i.e., the beneficiary).] To take leave of, ask permission (before doing something). Namaid siya pa sīni. He asked permission to go to the movies.

bais n. Extreme or excessive sexual desire. Makamula in bais bang makalanduꞌ. Excessive sexual desire can be one’s downfall if carried to the extreme.    v. ag mag-. To have excessive desire for sex. Mangiꞌ in magbais. It is wrong to have an excessive desire for sex.    adj. mabais/baisan Lecherous, lustful, oversexed. Ayaw kaw mangandul ha baisan. Don’t trust a lecherous person. Baisan in usug yan. That man is over-sexed. OV SYN. bigaꞌ, puta, landiꞌ bāk (var. baak) v. ag mag-; pat -un (purposeful); ran ka-…-an (by chance). To meet (something, either purposefully or by chance). Bākun ku in kappal dūm ini. I’ll meet the boat tonight. Hipabāk kaymu hi inaꞌ pa jambatan in labban piyarā hi amaꞌ. Mother wants you to go to the wharf to meet the package sent by Father. Bang kamu magbāk kay Binsawdi baytai liyawag ku siya. If you meet Binsawdi tell him I’m looking for him. Kindati siya bang magbāk in pangatud niyu. Wink at her if your eyes meet.    v. inst hi-, hipang-. To meet (something with something else). Hibāk ku kanila in barung ini. I’ll meet them with this bladed weapon. bākaꞌ n. Dental calculus, tartar on the teeth. Subay kaw manggisgis bat maīg in bākaꞌ mu. You should brush your teeth consistently to get rid of the tartar on your teeth. OV SYN. kikiꞌ bakaꞌ-bakaꞌ n. A (deep, wide-mouthed, oval-shaped) basket.{Made of rattan or similar material with a string fastened on the sides and with a cover, usu. carried on the back by a harvester.} Kawaa ba in bakaꞌ-bakaꞌ ku piyagluluunan mamaꞌ. Kindly get my basket which contains the betel nut. In bakaꞌbakaꞌ ku nalarak. My basket was destroyed. SYN. aba-aba; OV SYN. ambung, bakul1 bakag1 n. Colic, gas pain in the stomach.    v. ST exp -an. [Does not occur with pa₂.] To be or become sick with colic, have gas pains. Biyakagan aku kabii. I had gas pains last night. bakag2 n. A large cardboard box (contrasts with labban which is much smaller). OV SYN. labban bakag3 v. act mang-, -um-; ran -an. To swell, bulge out. Mamakag na in patay sabab upat adlaw na way kiyubul. The cadaver will already swell because it has been unburied for four days now. Makabakag in tubig bang mataud inumun. Water can cause swelling if you drink too much.

bakal v. ag mag-; pat -un. To plant or sow grain (in a plowed field using a dibble stick). Nagbakal na sila sin uma nila. They have planted grain in their field. OV SYN. *tanum 1 bakas adv. (Indicates previous time) formerly, before, used to be. Bakas siya miyari. She came here before. Bakas siya sundalu. He used to be a soldier. Bakas piyagbunuan in hulaꞌ ini. This place has been a battleground. Bakas ku na yan naitung. I counted that before. bakay-bakay v. ag mag-; pat -un. To treat with disrespect, take for granted (esp. sacred things, graves, the Koran). Ayaw bakay-bakayun in pagsambahayang. Prayer shouldn’t be taken for granted. bakiyaꞌ (var. bakyaꞌ2) v. ag mag-; pat -un. To sew (by hand) using a back stitch. Bakiyaa in higad badjuꞌ mu. Sew the edge of your dress with a back stitch. OV SYN. bagun-bagun1 , bagsaꞌ, langgahit, ayum-ayum bakkaw n. A type of hardwood, mangrove. Ha Sulari in mataud bakkaw. There are lots of mangroves on Sulari. Rhizophora spp. (See Appendix 5: Plants)    n. kabakkawan A mangrove swamp. baklaw n. An amulet (placed around the upper arm). Sangunan in baklaw mu. Put on your amulet. OV SYN. hampan baktiꞌ n. A gift (esp. one given by a student of Islam to his teacher as a token of gratitude or appreciation). Nagdihil in mulid nakatammat baktiꞌ ha guru niya. The student who graduated gave a gift to his teacher.    adj. mabaktiꞌ Faithful, devoted, loyal. Mabaktiꞌ siya ha agama Islam. He is devoted to the Islamic faith. baktul v. ag mag-; pat -un. To teach (someone). Wajib in manga kamaasan ta magbaktul ha manga anak nila. It’s obligatory for parents to teach their children.    n. baktulan Teaching. In baktulan sin guru subay tuud agarun. We should follow the teaching of the teacher. OV SYN. hinduꞌ bakūd n. Ground which has a gradual incline, slope, side of a hill. OV SYN. bīd; Cf. būd 1, pantayan

pantay 2 bakul1 n. A big basket with a cover. OV SYN. ambung, bakaꞌ-bakaꞌ bakul2 1 n. Thumb, big toe. Awn bakul lima, awn bakul siki. The hand has a thumb and the foot has a big toe. Cf. tudluꞌ, lāsuꞌ, jaymanis, kingking (See Appendix 6: The Parts of the Body) 2 n. A thumbwidth (measurement). (See sukud1 for table.) bakyaꞌ1 n. Wooden shoes, clogs. OV SYN. sinilas; GENR. tawmpaꞌ bakyaꞌ2 (var. of bakiyaꞌ) v To sew (by hand) using a back stitch. bal- (var. bar-) prefix pfx. Used to designate a superlative or an abundant amount. balꞌiman Patient, full of patience. balkitab One well versed in religious books. baldusa A great sinner. ballabi-labihan Superabundance of something. balꞌakkal adj. Intelligent, very wise. Manga balꞌakkal in napūn dī ha ini. All the very wise men gathered here today. balaꞌ n. Misfortune, affliction, plague.{Divine visitation taking such forms as sickness, death, accident, or loss of wealth.} In tau baldusa mawmu datungan balaꞌ. Sinners are often recipients of misfortune. OV SYN. mulkaꞌ 1 balab-balab n. Chattering, foolish talk. Ayaw kaw magdungug sin balab-balab niya. Don’t listen to his foolish talk. Makalisuꞌ in pagbalab-balab niya. His chattering is annoying.    v. ag mag-. To chatter (incessantly and foolishly). Way hinang sin dupang yan dayn sin magbalabbalab. That fool does nothing but chatter (all day). OV SYN. lata 1, *damat, *dabdab, lapak-lapak 1; Cf. bissara Balandaꞌ n. A Dutch person. balanjaꞌ n. Expenses, expenditure. Pila in balanjaꞌ sin paghinang? How much were the expenses for the celebration?    v. AR ag mag-; ran -an. To provide (for someone’s) expenses, provide sustenance (for someone). Magbalanjaꞌ aku ha manga anak asawa ku. I provide sustenance to my wife and children. Balanjaan

ku hi Abdul. I will provide for Abdul’s expenses. SYN. gastu balangkali adj. Divided in thinking, of different opinions.    v. pat ma-. [Does not occur with pa₂.] To be divided into different ways of thinking. Nabalangkali na in pagꞌagama nila. Their religion is divided into different ways of thinking. balap (Eng.) v. ag mag-, mang-; pat -un. To frighten (someone) by threats that cannot be made good, bluff (someone). Ayaw kaw mugaꞌ. Biyalap niya sadja kaw. Don’t be scared. He was just bluffing you. OV SYN. bugaꞌ balaruꞌ v. act mag-. To sleep, repose.{Used only of royalty.} Nagbabalaruꞌ in Sultan. The king is sleeping. OV SYN. tūg, lipat3 balasa v. ag mag-; pat -un. To shuffle (playing cards). Balasaha na in sugal. Shuffle the cards. Biyalasa niya na. He shuffled them already. balatin n. A children’s game (similar to prisoner’s base).{Played by 8 to 12 children who divide into two teams. A large rectangle is marked off and lined into six equal parts. One team guards the lines, the other tries to run from one end to the other without being caught.}    v. ag mag-. To play this game. SYN. bagalawang2 balbalan n. (In oral literature and popular belief), a half-bodied witch.{A human being that becomes an evil spirit which flies at night to haunt places or people.} Magpangꞌabat da isab in balbalan. The halfbodied witch can also cause sickness. OV SYN. apuꞌ bataꞌ comp. apuꞌ balbiru (var. barbiru) (Eng.) n. A barber. Balbiru in naggunting sin buhuk ku. The barber cut my hair. OV SYN. maggugunting gunting 1 baldapat adj. Describing someone whose words or promises cannot be trusted; unreliable (in what one says). In tau baldapat diꞌ kapanghalapan. An unreliable person can’t be trusted. baldi n. A pail, bucket. In baldi amu in pagdāhan tubig. Pails are the things used for carrying water. baldusa (from bal + dusa) n. A sinner. In tau baldusa tantu mabinasa. Sinners will certainly be punished.

balharap v. RC ag mag-; pat -un. To face, be face to face with. Subay kami magbalharap sin pasal sin sīn ini. We have to talk frankly face to face about this money. Subay kaw magbalharap iban Sultan. You must go and face the king. OV SYN. alup 1, tumpalak bali-bali1 adj. The hardening of a part of a fruit. SYN. kumbatul 1 bali-bali2 n. Obstruction, hindrance, trouble (always preceded by bang way da). Bang way da bali-bali makasampay sila gana-gana pa Manilaꞌ. If there are no obstructions, they will arrive in Manila later today.    v. pat -un. For something unfavorable to happen (always preceded by bang diꞌ da). Bang diꞌ da balibalihun maubus na in hinang namuꞌ tahun balik. If nothing unfavorable happens, we’ll finish our work next year. OV SYN. way da baya-baya idiom baya-baya baliꞌ 1 vt. CH 1 ag mag-; pat -un; ran -an. To break (as of branches of trees, boards, pencil lead, or one’s hand, limbs, neck). Baliun ku in manga sanga ini. I will break these branches. vi. pat ma-. To break (accidently). Kamayaꞌ kaw bat diꞌ mabaliꞌ in lima mu. Be careful so your hand doesn’t break (i.e., you don’t break your hand). OV SYN.: bagbag 1, bugtuꞌ 1, bagtiꞌ, *sagpiꞌ. 2 v. pat ma-. (For someone’s feelings) to be hurt. Nabaliꞌ in atay ku sin bissara mu. My feelings were hurt by what you said. balig adj. Not distinct, not spoken clearly, foreign in pronunciation, ungrammatical or incorrect in speech. Balig in pagtausug sin Milikan. Americans speak Tausug incorrectly.    v. act magka-; pat pag-…-un (purposely). To speak incorrectly or pronounce words indistinctly. Magkabalig aku sin bahasa Chabakanu. I speak Chavacano incorrectly. balik adv. Again. Dimayaw balik in parasahan niya. He’s feeling better again.    v. ag mag-; goal -un; ran -an. To return; repeat (something). Kuꞌnu kaw magbalik? When will you return? Baliki in bissara mu. Repeat what you’ve said. Balikun ku in panabuꞌ kiyabīn. I’ll go back and get the market items I left behind (by mistake). OV SYN. bīng1 1 balintuwad vt. ag mag-; pat -un. To turn (something) upside down. Biyalintuwad sin tau hilu in lamisahan. The drunk man turned the table upside down.

   vi. pat ma-. To turn upside down. Nabalintuwad in tarak. The truck turned upside down. OV SYN. baliskwat baling n. Tiny shrimp preserved in brine.    v. ag mag-; pat -un; ran -an. To use shrimp preserves, add shrimp preserves (to something). Magbaling aku ha tinuanan. I’ll use shrimp preserves in my relish. Balingan ta in sayul bang magguling. We will add shrimp preserves to the vegetable that we are sautéing. mahuꞌ (bahuꞌ) in baling (idiom) v. For (one’s) past misdeeds to become known (lit. for salted shrimp to give its bad odor). Ayaw na kaw magꞌabbu bat diꞌ mahuꞌ in baling mu. Don’t brag about yourself or else your past misdeeds will be known. *balis v. goal -an. To fire a volley of bullets (from a rifle or any long firearm), spray with rifle fire. Biyalisan sin manga mundu in manga sundalu. The outlaws fired a volley of bullets at the soldiers. OV SYN. *budbud baliskat v. CH 1 ag mag-; pat -un. To invert (something), turn (something) over. Baliskatun ta in lamisahan. We will turn the table over.    adj. Inverted, backwards. Baliskat in tawmpaꞌ niya. His shoes are backwards (i.e., on the wrong feet). OV SYN. bīng2 1, tunggang, balintuwad, baliskwat; Cf. *saylu baliskwat adj. Inverted, upside down, topsy-turvy. Baliskwat in indalupa ginis ha lawm bāy. Things inside the house are topsy-turvy.    v. CH 1 ag mag-; pat -un. To invert (something).    v. ST pat ma-. To become inverted, topsy-turvy, toppled. Nabaliskwat in tarak ha pangpang. The truck toppled off the cliff. OV SYN. bīng2 1, baliskat; Cf. *saylu baljanjiꞌ n. A ritual (similar to dedication).{An imam recites a duwaa salamat from the Koran and dedicates the life of a Muslim infant to the Prophet Muhammad, so that the child will follow the footsteps of the prophet.}    v. ag mag-. To perform such a ritual. Subay dī katān in usba-waris bang magbaljanjiꞌ. All the relatives should be present when a dedication ritual is performed. OV SYN. kulban, paghakika hakika balkalaꞌ-kalaan adj. In large number, amount or quantity; forming a surplus or excess. Balkalaꞌ-kalaan in

sīn nautang niya dayn kākuꞌ. He owed me a large amount of money. OV SYN. sakkiyan, banus, labi; Cf. taud balkanan 1 adj. Rich, wealthy. In tau balkanan mataud sīn. A rich person has plenty of money. 2 adj. Of high or noble rank, eminent. In manga datuꞌ balkanan. The datus are of noble rank. balkaya (from bal + kaya) adj. Physically and mentally sound, healthy. In tau balkaya makusug maghinang. A healthy man can accomplish much work. OV SYN. matambuk tambuk ballabi-labihan adj. More than enough, in excess, abundant. Ballabi-labihan in pagkaun nila. Their food is more than enough. OV SYN. sangdan1 ballak n. Anahao palm.{A species of saliva tree (rather like a palm, cordy vine; fibre of leaves used for decorative tufts on boon ends of square sails).} (See Appendix 5: Plants) ballit adj. Upside down.    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To turn (something) upside down. Ballita in buhuk mu bat kaw diꞌ pasuun. Turn your hair upside down so you won’t get hot. balu n. A widow, widower; the deceased spouse of a widow or widower. Balu na siya. She is a widow. Katumtuman ku in hinang sin balu ku yadtu. I remember what my deceased husband did.    adj. pamalu Being a widow or widower more than once; destined widow(er).{Sometimes thought to be attributable to body marks or scars.} Bang in usug makaduwa mabalu hāti niya pamalu siya. If a man is twice a widower then he becomes a destined widower. baluba (var. baruba) 1 v. pat mag-; ran -an. To fade or change in color, run (as of colors running in material). Diꞌ magbaluba in warnaꞌ niya. Its color doesn’t fade. OV SYN. alit 2 v. act mag-. (For a promise) to be broken. Diꞌ magbaluba in janjiꞌ ku kaymu. My promise to you won’t be broken. balukad v. ag mag-. To get up from a reclining position, rise up, get out of bed. Diꞌ na aku makabalukad sabab sin sakit sin taykud ku. I am not able to get up because of my backache. OV SYN. bangun1 *balung v. CV 3 ag mag-; pat -un. To carry (someone) on one’s shoulder. Subay balungun in pangantin.

The bride must be shoulder-carried. (See dā for table.) balus (var. of baꞌlus) adj Sour, spoiled; antiquated, worn out. balut v. ag mag-; ran -an. To apply heat to the body (for healing purposes with a heated object, such as a stone wrapped in cloth or heated coals in a coconut shell). Subay siya magbalut bang siya baꞌgu magꞌanak. She should apply heat when she has just given birth. Balutan ku in tiyan ku bat umasibiꞌ. I’ll apply heat to my stomach so it will get smaller. baluy n. A sleeping mat (made of woven strips from the pandanus plant). Bang ha Sūg, duwal pangdan in paghinangun baluy. In Jolo, only the pandanus is used to making sleeping mats.    v. ag mag-. To make or use such a mat. Diꞌ siya mabayaꞌ magbaluy ha ini. She doesn’t want to use this mat. baluy palang (comp.) v. A decorated sleeping mat. bana n. A husband.    v. CH 1 ag mag-; pat -un. To marry (a husband). Banahun niya in usug kabayaan sin maas niya. She will marry the man whom her parents choose.    v. rdp. ag mag-. (For a married woman) to have illicit affairs with other men. Magbana-bana in babai yaun. That woman has illicit affairs with other men. Cf. *tiyaun 1, asawa bānag1 n. A dragonfly. (See Appendix 1: Birds and Flying Insects) bānag2 n. A thorny vine, cat brier, green brier. (See Appendix 5: Plants) bāndaꞌ n. Information given beforehand, warning, threat. Diꞌ aku mabugaꞌ sin bāndaꞌ sin manga mundu. I’m not afraid of the outlaws’ threat.    v. ag mag-; goal -an. To inform (someone) beforehand, warn, threaten (someone). Bāndaan ta asal hi Bapaꞌ Sahipa sin mamī kita pāy. We should inform Bapaꞌ Sahipa beforehand that we’ll buy palay from him. OV SYN. bugaꞌ Bandaharaꞌ n. A title given by the Sultan to one of his worthy followers. *banding v. ag mag-; pat -un. To compare (something with something else). Bandinga niyu in badjuꞌ ku

iban sin kaniya. Compare my shirt with his shirt.    adj. sabanding (With negative way) incomparable. Lingkat way sabanding hi Napsa Lagayan. The beauty of Napsa Lagayan was incomparable. bandung1 (Mal.) n. A woman’s tight, long-sleeved outer garment (of linen, silk, cotton etc., with a tiny slit on either cuff). bandung2 v. ag mag-; pat -un. To join, unite, connect, add, annex. Bandunga niyu in duwangka-pataꞌ patung yan bat mabut pa taas niyug. Join those two pieces of bamboo so that they will reach the top of the coconut tree. OV SYN. sugpat bandung3 v. ag mag-; pat -un. To drydock (a boat by tying it at the sides to supporting posts). Subay na bandungun in lansa mabuggat na. We should drydock the motor launch because it’s already heavy. OV SYN. tangun 1 bandut n. Saddle girth. OV SYN. pakul banhud n. Numbness. Masi pa in banhud sin siki ku. I still feel the numbness of my feet.    v. act mang-; pat -un. [No difference in meaning between actor and patient focus.] To be or become numb. Namanhud in lima ku nagsulat. My hand became numb after writing. Diꞌ aku makapanaw. Namamanhud in siki ku. I can’t walk. My feet are numb. bannang n. Heavy cotton thread or string. OV SYN. tanud, salban bansag1 v. ag mag-, -um-; goal -an. To speak harshly and loudly. Ayaw mu pagbansagi in anak mu. Don’t speak harshly and loudly to your child. OV SYN. bungis, amā bansag2 v. act mag-; inst hipag-. To feel proud of (something); have or show a proper pride in (oneself, one’s position, etc.). Hikapagbansag namuꞌ in lingkat sin hulaꞌ namuꞌ. We are proud of the beauty of our country. Bukun ku da pagbansag ha baran ku, saꞌ maingat pa aku dayn kaniya. I’m not being proud, but I’m more knowledgeable than he is. OV SYN. abbu 1    n. kabansagan Prestige, distinction, reputation. Subay bawgbugan in kabansagan sin kamaasan natuꞌ yadtu. We should live up to the prestige of our forefathers. OV SYN. kabantugan bantug 1

bansān n. A rudder. Aru! malagguꞌ pakarayaw in bansān yan. Wow! that rudder is really big.    v. ag mag-; ran -an. To pilot a ship or boat (with a rudder). Ha kalunud sin lansa hisiyu in nagbabansān? When the launch sank who was piloting? bansil n. Gold caps (placed over the teeth for beauty purposes).    v. ag mag-. To have artificial gold teeth. Kulang na in tau nagbabansil bihaun. Very few people now have artificial gold teeth. banta n. An enemy, foe, adversary.    v. RC ag mag-. (For people) to oppose one another. Nagbanta na sila bihaun. They are opposing each other now.    v. CH 1 pat -un. To treat as an enemy, be against, quarrel; oppose. Bantahun ku hi Babuꞌ bang diꞌ niya aku dihilan pagkaun. I will be against Auntie if she doesn’t give me food. OV SYN. kuntara bantug 1 adj. Eminent, famous, well-known, popular, noted; (also in the negative sense), notorious. Landuꞌ bantug in prisidinti pa katān hulaꞌ. The president is well-known in every place. In tau yan bantug mamumunuꞌ. That man is a notorious killer. n. kabantugan Eminence; popularity; distinction. OV SYN.: kabansagan bansag2 . 2 v. ag mag-; pat -un. To praise, commend (someone or oneself). In tau ini magbantug sadja sin baran niya. This fellow is always praising himself. Tagad na kaw bantugun sin tau dugaing. Wait for other people to praise you. OV SYN.: lagguꞌ 2, sanglit 1. v. rdp. pat -un. To flatter (someone in a very subtle way). Biyabantug-bantug niya sadja kaw bat mu siya karihilan sīn. He keeps on flattering you so you’ll give him some money. SYN.: abbu 2. bantuk n. {Rare} Form, shape, appearance, semblance, looks. Biyaꞌ diin in bantuk niya? What does she look like? Mangiꞌ in bantuk niya. Her appearance is bad (i.e., she doesn’t look nice). Tibulung in bantuk sin būla. The shape of the ball is round. OV SYN. lupa2 , dagbus, hantang bantunan n. A species of trepang, sea cucumber. (See Appendix 3: Seashells, Seaweeds, etc.) bantut adj. Effeminate, hermaphrodite, homosexual.    v. rdp. ag mag-. To act effeminately. Magbantut-bantut kaw bat sila katawahun. Act effeminately so

they will laugh. banu-banu n. A scheme, plan. In pagbanu-banu nila pa Manila walaꞌ nakalaus. Their plan to go to Manila failed.    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To plan, devise a scheme. Nagbanu-banu sila magad maghadjiꞌ. They’ve planned to go on a pilgrimage. OV SYN. paru; Cf. palanu banug n. A small triangular sail for a vinta, skiff or other small sailboat.    v. ag mag-; goal -un; ran -an. To sail (using such a small triangular sail). Magbanug kitaniyu pa Bangngas. Let’s sail to Bangngas. Banugan ku in sakayan. I’ll put a small triangular sail on this vinta. Cf. layag banus n. Abundance, plentitude, multitude, large number, profusion. Diꞌ ta maitung in banus sin tau. We can’t count the large number of people.    adj. mabanus Many, plenty, abundant, numerous. Mabanus in tau ha tabuꞌ. There are many people in the market. OV SYN. taud banusu n. Dried tobacco leaf (ready to be made into a cigar). OV SYN. tabakuꞌ, siga banuwa 1 n. {Archaic} A community; leader of a community. Hi Apuꞌ Saji in banuwa sin kawman timpu nakauna. Granduncle Saji was the community leader in the past years. OV SYN.: kawman. v. ag mag-. To act as a leader. Hisiyu in tūpun magbanuwa ha hulaꞌ ta? Who is qualified to be our leader? 2 n. Weather. Mangiꞌ in banuwa adlaw yan. The weather is bad today. bang rel. If, when. Bang siya diꞌ magad lumanjal na kita. If he won’t go with us we’d better proceed. Bang siya mari patagara. When she comes let her wait (for me). Bang sadja aku in maagad diꞌ ta kaw hibīn. If I only have my say, I won’t leave you behind. bāng1 n. A type of earring used in pierced ears, ear stud.    v. ag mag-; ran -an. To wear ear studs. Magbāng aku pa paglurukan. I’ll wear ear studs to the feast. OV SYN. aritis bāng2 1.1 n. The beginning of the Muslim prayer (characterized by a standing body position in which the

hands are cupped behind the ears). In bāng magtagnaꞌ lisag lima sin lapit adlaw. The beginning of Muslim prayer starts at 5:00 A.M. dawn. 1.2 n. The call to prayer. v. ag mag-. To call to prayer (at the proper hours by calling out the call to prayer). Imam in magbāng ha masjid. The priest is the one to call to prayer at the mosque. n. magbabāng A muezzin. 2 v. AR ag mag-; ran -an. To bless a new home (with the idea of driving away the demons). Subay bāngan sin imam in bāy baꞌgu hīnang. The priest should bless a house that is newly made. bang mayan (var. bang mān) rel. May it be that, I/We hope/wish that, would that, if only. Bang mān aku makatalus da sin pagꞌiskul ku. I hope I can finish my study. Bang mayan kita liyappasan da. I hope that we’ll be saved. OV SYN. kaddaw bang paamuhun (from amu₁) rel. (Of something that should have been but was not or should have occurred but did not) to be correct, be right; by right; (of speech) to be understood correctly. Bang paamuhun subay siya in nakuraꞌ natuꞌ. To be correct, he should be our leader. Bang paamuhun adlaw yan ubus na in hinang natuꞌ. By right our work should have been finished today. bang sayuhun In other words, putting it another way. Bang sayuhun diꞌ siya mabayaꞌ lumamud sin parakalaꞌ yan. In other words she doesn’t wish to get involved in that matter. bāng taꞌ madtu intj. Never mind; I don’t care; it doesn’t matter. Bāng taꞌ madtu, bang aku masaggaw sin pulis. I don’t care if I’m captured by the police. Bang taꞌ siya madtu dugalan. I don’t care if she gets angry. OV SYN. *sād, babaꞌ 2 banga n. A kind of palm that is used as lumber. (See Appendix 5: Plants) bangaꞌ v. ag mag-; pat -un, hi-. (For a person or animal) to open (the mouth), stretch out (an arm or leg). Nagbabangaꞌ na sin simud nila in manga iruꞌ. The dogs are opening their mouths. Bangaa in simud mu. Open your mouth. OV SYN. ukab 1, *ukay bāngaꞌ n. A clay cooking pot. In bāngaꞌ amu in panunugnaan kiyawaꞌ dayn ha lupaꞌ. A clay cooking pot is an earthenware cooking pot. OV SYN. anglit

bāngaw n. A rainbow. Marayaw in hulaꞌ bang awn bāngaw. The weather will be nice if there is a rainbow. bangbang n. A confection, cookie, biscuit (generic term).{Made for special occasions in many different shapes.} (See Appendix 7: Kinds of Confections Served at Special Occasions)    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To make biscuits, cookies, confections. Bangbangun ku in tirigu ini. I’ll make this flour into biscuits. Banggali n. An Indian (from India), a Hindu. Mapansung in ilung sin manga Banggali. Indians have high-bridged noses. SYN. Bumbay banggul v. ag mag-; pat -un, hi-. To hit, bump (something) heavily against (something else). Nagbanggul in ū namuꞌ kaina. Our heads bumped each other a while ago. Banggulan in ū niya pa dingding. Strike his head on the wall. OV SYN. *tikbiꞌ, *dugtul; Cf. *santuk banghad n. The (customary or traditional) bride price set by a family. In banghad sin anak niya hangpuꞌ ngaibu. The family bride price which he is asking for his daughter is ten thousand pesos. OV SYN. sukat, ungsud1 bangkaꞌ1 n. A one-piece dugout canoe with or without outriggers.    v. TV ag mag-; goal -un. To ride in a canoe, travel by canoe. Bangkaa sadja in Sulari. Just ride on a canoe to Sulari. OV SYN. sakayan bangkaꞌ2 n. A croupier (person in charge of a gambling table, who rakes in and pays out money). Hīs sin bangkaꞌ in sīn. The croupier rakes in the money.    v. ag mag-. To act as a croupier (in a game of chance). Magbangkaꞌ aku ha pagpiyaꞌ-piyaan. I act as a croupier in Russian poker. bangkat 1.1 vt. CH 1, CV 1 ag mag-; pat -un, hi-; ran -an. To pile (something) up (in a stack). Bangkata in manga ūan ha ūhan kantil. Stack those pillows by the headboard. Diꞌ makajari hibangkat mari in manga labban yan. You can’t pile those boxes over here. Bangkati in kātas sin batu yaun. Stack that rock on the paper. 1.2 v. act mag-. (For people) to be many. Magbangkat in manga tau. The people were many.

2 v. act mag-, mang-; ran -an. (For work, troubles, etc.) to be or become piled up, add to (work, troubles, etc.). Magbangkat in hinang mu kunsūm bang kaw diꞌ maghinang bihayaun. Your work will pile up tomorrow if you don’t work today. Ayaw bangkati in kasusahan niya. Don’t add to her problems. adj. bangkat-mamangkat Overburdened. Bangkat-mamangkat na in utang niya. He’s overburdened with debt. bangkay n. A corpse, (dead human) body. Walaꞌ tuud kiyabaakan in bangkay sin amaꞌ niya. His father’s body was never found. OV SYN. mayat, patay 1 *bangkil vt. ag mag-; pat -un. To make mention (of something). Ayaw na magbangkil sin nakalabay. Don’t ever mention the past. Ayaw bangkila in kiyatabang mu kaniya. Don’t mention your help to him.    vi. ST pat ma-. To be mentioned. Diꞌ aku mabayaꞌ mabangkil in ngān ku. I don’t want my name to be mentioned. GENR. sabbut bangking n. A bedbug. Supsupun sin bangking in duguꞌ ta. Bedbugs suck our blood. (See Appendix 4: Animals, Non-flying) bangkit n. Lime (the chemical, not the fruit). Bang kaw magmamaꞌ ayaw pataura in bangkit. If you prepare a betel-nut chew don’t put too much lime. bangkuꞌ n. A seat, chair, stool, bench. OV SYN. kuraꞌ-kuraꞌ kuraꞌ 1, sīya; GENR. lingkuran lingkud *bangkug v. ST ag mag-; pat -un. To touch, press, squeeze, or move (a wounded part of the body) repeatedly (with the result that it takes longer to heal). Bang mu bangkugun in pisuꞌ mu landuꞌ in sakit niya. If you keep moving your sprain it will be very painful.    vi. pat ma-. To have a relapse (caused by an activity or motion), (for a condition or a disease) to return. Nabangkug in hubag sin lima niya sabab kiyugdan sin būla. The swelling of his hand returned because it was hit by a ball. OV SYN. bughat banglus 1 n. {Vulgar} Mouth. Malummiꞌ in banglus mu. Your mouth is dirty. In banglus mu yan diꞌ mu paglanuan. You don’t clean your mouth. OV SYN.: simud 1.

v. ag mag-. To say things not pleasing to the ear. Maytaꞌ kaw nagbanglus duun ha yan? Why are you saying unpleasing things there? 2 v. ag mag-; pat -un; ran/inst hipag-…-an. To eat (vulgar term). Bang kaw magbanglus, diꞌ mu pagmumusun in piyagbanglusan mu. When you eat, you don’t keep the utensils in order. n. banglusan Food (vulgar term). bangsa n. People, race, nation. bangsa Arab Arab bangsa Milikan American    adj. balbangsa Belonging (by birth) to a prestigious or special class (royalty, nobility, or descendants of the Prophet). In manga karatuan iban kasalipan balbangsa. Royalty and descendants of the Prophet belong to a special class. OV SYN. pihak bangsawan adj. Noble. maharaja Bangsawan (comp.) adj. The highest grace of Maharaja. OV SYN. Ulangkayaꞌ bangun1 v. ag mag-; pat -un. To rise up, get up, raise (someone) to a sitting or standing position. Bangun na kaw bat mahinaat na. Get up! It’s morning. Bangunun ku siya sabab diꞌ siya kayahun. I’ll raise her up because she has no strength.    v. ag magpa-. To build or erect (a house). Nagpabangun sila bāy ha Tapul. They built a house at Tapul. bangun2 n. A payment (given to the relatives of a murdered person). Pila in bangun ha miyatay? How much is the payment for the dead?    v. AR ag mag-; ran -an. To give money (to the relatives of a murdered person to avert a lawsuit or any further trouble), give blood money. Subay bangunan in miyatay. You must pay blood money for the dead. OV SYN. diyat bangus n. Milkfish. Chanos chanos banyagaꞌ n. A slave. Mataud banyagaꞌ sin sultan. The king has many slaves.    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To treat as a slave, enslave (someone). Banyagaun sa kaw yan sin datuꞌ. The datu will treat you like a slave. SYN. īpun bapaꞌ (var. paꞌ1) n. Uncle, Dad, Sir (respectful term of address for an uncle, stepfather but not one’s own

father, and any man approximately a generation older than the speaker).{Often combined with another title, as in Bapaꞌ Tuwan for a religious leader, Bapaꞌ Hadjiꞌ for a man who has made the pilgrimage to Mecca.} Bapaꞌ in pagtawag ku ha langgung sin amaꞌ ku. I address the brother of my father as ‘Uncle’. Bapaꞌ, pila sīn in istaꞌ? Sir, how much is the fish?    n. Uncle, stepfather (kinship term of reference). In bana sin inaꞌ ku balu, bapaꞌ ku. The husband of my widowed mother is my stepfather. SYN. amaun baptays (Eng.) v. ag magpa-. To have oneself baptized.    v. ag mag-; ran -an. To baptize (someone). Mabayaꞌ na kaw baptaysan? Do you want to be baptized now? OV SYN. binyag, gunting 2 bar- (var. of bal-) prefix pfx Used to designate a superlative or abundant amount. bāra n. A crowbar. SYN. landak barakat n. A blessing (from God), supernatural power (from God). Bang awn barakat dayn ha Tuhan diꞌ da isab kitaniyu maunu. If we have blessing from God nothing harmful will happen to us.    v. ag mag-; ran -an. (For God) to bless (someone with something), give (someone) supernatural power. Magbarakat in Tuhan ha manga ummat niya. God blesses his people. Bang mayan da barakatan sin Tuhan in pagtulak niyu. May God bless your trip.    adj. mabarakat Blessed, having supernatural power (from God). Mabarakat in manga tau sin awwal jaman yadtu. The people of olden times had supernatural power. OV SYN. anugharaꞌ, lidjikiꞌ baran 1 n. The body (of a person or animal); the main part (of something, as the shell of a plane, ship, stove, etc., the frame of a vehicle, the body of a letter, the pages of a book [i.e., not the cover]). Malagguꞌ in baran sin tau yaun. That fellow’s body is big. OV SYN.: jasad, anggawtaꞌ; Cf.: ginhawa 1. n. (One’s) self. Baran mu na in madtu bang kaw mabayaꞌ. Go yourself if you wish. In taymanghud ku saliꞌ da sin baran ku. As for my brother, it’s the same as if he were myself. v. aux mag-, -un. [Used with another verb.] To (do something) personally. Magbaran aku madtu pa bagay ku magpamaap. I’ll go personally to my friend to ask forgiveness. Baranun ku in pagpamawli. I will personally do revenge.

adv. rdp. By itself, under its own power. In sakayan taga banug dumāgan baran-baran niya. A boat with a sail moves by itself. 2 adj. nagbabaran Dignified. In tau nagbabaran maayad kumangiꞌ in ngān niya. A dignified person is careful lest his reputation become bad.\rs balkanan barang n. Merchandise. Nagdarā siya barang dayn ha Borneo. He is bringing merchandise from Borneo. SYN. dagangan dagang 1; OV SYN. pamī-mī bī 1; GENR. muddal barat v. pat hipag-; goal pag-…-an. [Does not occur with pa₂.] To refuse to forgive (someone), disown (someone); consider a relationship ended.{Functions as a kind of curse because God is considered to be called as a witness to the ending of the relationship.} Hipagbarat ku kaniyu bang niyu aku lugusun sin diꞌ ku kabayaan. I’ll consider my relationship to you ended if you force on me what I don’t want. Pagbaratan ku in manga anak ku bang diꞌ magkahagad sin hinduꞌ ku. I’ll disown my children if they don’t obey what I teach them. barat daya n. The name of a wind that blows from the southwest. (See hangin for table.) barbiru (var. of balbiru) n A barber. barhalaꞌ n. A man-made object of worship, idol.{Usu. made of gold, silver, brass, stone or wood.} In bisayaꞌ magsumba sila harap pa barhalaꞌ bukun harap pa Tuhan. Christians pray to idols not to God. barilis n. A metal barrel (container for oil, water, etc.). barina n. A drill for boring holes.    v. CH 1 ag mag-; pat -un; ran -an. [-un means there is a drive or necessity to do the action whereas -an means this drive does not exist.] To drill a hole (in something with a drill). Barinahun ku na in digpiꞌ. I’ll drill holes in the wood. OV SYN. likup baris n. A diacritical mark placed above or below a letter to indicate the correct pronunciation.{Diacritics include the vowel markings and other marks of Arabic script. By extension, in Roman script, they indicate length of vowels, pitch, or, in some languages, the glottal stop.} Mahunit magbacha Arab bang way baris. It’s difficult to read Arabic script without the diacritical marks.    v. AR ag mag-; ran -an. To place a diacritical mark (above or below a letter). Barisi in sulat mu Sūg bat

ku mabacha. Place the diacritical marks on your Arabic script so that I can read it. Cf. titik1 barkada (Tag.) n. Buddy, pal, comrade. Magad aku ha manga barkada ku. I’m going with my buddies. OV SYN. lundang panun baruba (var. of baluba) v To fade; (for a promise) to be broken. barung n. A single-bladed weapon (having a heavy back and tapering in thickness to the point).{It has an elaborately carved handle, is worn at the waist and used only for fighting. The barung and the doublebladed sword (kalis) are the two favorite bladed weapons of the Tausugs.}    v. ag mag-. To wear or use such a weapon. Bang sila magbunuꞌ, magbarung sadja atawa magkalis. When they fight, they only use a single-bladed weapon or a kris. OV SYN. kalis basaꞌ adj. Wet. Basaꞌ pa in manga parang sin aluꞌ. The grass is still wet with dew.    vt. CH 1 ag mag-; pat -un. To make (something) wet. Magbasaꞌ aku diyakdakan. I’ll wet my laundry. Basaun ku in buhuk ku. I’ll wet my hair.    vi. ST pat ma-. To get wet. Mabasaꞌ sa kaw yan sin ulan. You’ll get wet in the rain. Cf. hamis, himmil    n. basaanan Clothing worn while one is bathing. basag 1 n. Physical strength, vigor (in working, eating, or drinking). Masipat mu in basag niya dumā lima karut bugas? Can you imagine his strength in carrying five sacks of rice? Diꞌ hikasipat in basag niya kumaun. The vigor of his eating (i.e., his vigorous appetite) can’t be equaled. adj. mabasag Having great strength, robust, strong. Mabasag siya dumā hangka-karut bugas. He’s strong enough to carry one sack of rice. Mabasag siya kumaun. He’s a strong eater (i.e., he eats a great amount). v. aux -an. To add more strength or speed. Basagan ku in pagpanaw ku ha supaya dumatung aku magtuy. I’ll add more speed on my steps so that I will arrive immediately. OV SYN.: kusug 1. 2 n. Fondness (for doing something, usu. something negative). adj. mabasag Fond (of doing something, usu. something negative). Mabasag in tau yan mangulliꞌ ha pagkahi niya. That person is fond of swindling his fellowmen. basakan n. A rice paddy.{Young rice plants are planted in it when they are 25-30 centimeters high.}

*basbas v. AR ag mag-; ran -an. To scrape off a small portion of the surface (of something, such as a tree, wood, or bamboo with a bolo or ax in order to make it smaller or smooth it). Basbasi kākuꞌ in pais sin kahuy ini. Scrape off the bark of this tree for me. OV SYN. palu, kagis (See utud for table.) basiꞌ n. Steel, iron. basiꞌ taut-taut (comp.) n. A spring (as on a car or truck). basingan n. (In marriage arrangements) a certain amount of money or gold (aside from the bride price itself) which will entitle a man to rights over his future children. OV SYN. ungsud1 , banghad baska n. Rice cooked in too little water.    adj. mabaska (Of rice) cooked in too little water. In kaunun mabaska bukun mapitak. Rice cooked in too little water is not sticky. Cf. hilaw basnig n. A type of boat with outriggers (larger than a bangkaꞌ). bassa (var. of bacha) v To read. basta (Tag.) rel. If. Basta aku makagaus mattu da aku. I’ll go there if I can afford to. SYN. bang, abila bastidur n. A hand-held embroidery hoop. OV SYN. birangan bastigan adj. Healthy and strong, robust. Bastigan in baran hi Bagindaꞌ Aliꞌ. Baginda Ali’s body was healthy and strong. OV SYN. kusug 1, basag 1, *pagun bastun n. A cane (for support in walking).{Made of iron or wood.} Kahuy in bastun sin maas usug. The cane of the old man is made of wood.    v. CH 1 ag mag-; pat -un. To use a cane, club (someone with a cane). Magbastun hi Bapaꞌ bang manaw. Uncle uses a cane when he walks. Bastunun sa kān sin tau. Someone will club you. OV SYN. kakakal kakal, tungkud basu n. (A drinking) glass. Makajari aku mamūs kaymu basu? May I borrow your glass? Pagꞌubus mu minum hugasi in basu. Wash the glass after you drink. OV SYN. sawan1, tasa basung n. A cone-shaped object. Bīhi aku ayskirim ha basung. Buy me a cone of ice cream.

   v. pat -un. To make a cone-shaped object. Basunga in dahun paghinangan ta pasung. Make the leaf into cones, we’ll make cone-shaped snack foods in them. basura (Tag.) n. Trash, garbage. Mataud basura ha lawm barilis. There is lots of trash in the barrel. OV SYN. kaput2 bat 1 rel. So that, in order that. Agad kaw kākuꞌ bat mu kaingatan in bāy ku. Come with me so that you’ll know where my house is. OV SYN. supaya 2 rel. Because. Hangkan aku way nakaagad bat way sīn ku. I was not able to go because I don’t have the money. 3 intj. (Exclamation of surprise, usu. used with another such exclamation); oh!, so; so! Bat diꞌ kaw yan maambat hinduan. So you have to be told over and over again! Bat kahapun hatiꞌ in datung mu. Oh, so you arrived yesterday! bāt n. Large sea cucumber, trepang. Marayaw pagkaunun in bāt. Trepang is good to eat. (See Appendix 3: Seashells, Seaweeds, etc.) bataꞌ n. A child, youth; (usu. rdp.) baby or young child. Marayaw pa in bataꞌ way susa maglāg pagkaun niya. A baby is better off because it doesn’t worry how to find food.    v. rdp. ag mag-. To act like a child. Ayaw na kaw magbataꞌ-bataꞌ. Maas na kaw. Don’t act like a child. You’re already a grown-up.    adj. mabataꞌ Young. Mabataꞌ pa siya nagbana. She was young when she got married.    n. kabataꞌ-bataꞌ Childhood. Bagay kami dayn kabataꞌ-bataꞌ namuꞌ. We have been friends since our childhood.    n. kabataan Children, young people. Dugaing na tuud in addat sin manga kabataan bihaun. The actions of young people these days are really different. Cf. pula-pula batāan n. Follower, retainer, underling. Mataud batāan sin mayul. The mayor has many followers. OV SYN. tindugan tindug 1.1 batal (var. of baꞌtal) 1) v To touch (a bride’s) forehead. 2) adj (Of an ablution, prayer, or fast) invalid. batang n. Trunk (of a tree), log, stalk (of a plant). Ayaw pilaa in batang kahuy. Don’t chop the trunk of

the tree. OV SYN. saꞌpan, sanga batang sulat n. A letter (of the alphabet). Diꞌ aku makabassa minsan hambuuk batang sulat ha Arab. I can’t read one letter of the Arabic alphabet. batangan n. A crosspiece (fastened across a canoe to support and balance the outriggers). Nabaliꞌ na in batangan sin sakayan. The crosspiece of the outrigger canoe was broken. batawi n. A long-sleeved, tight-fitting woman’s blouse.{Studded with golden buttons in front and at the edge of its sleeve; usu. used for weddings, dancing, or other special occasions.} OV SYN. lapiꞌ 1; Cf. badjuꞌ masigpit *batbat v. ag mag-; pat -un. To say (something) repeatedly, mention (something). Ayaw na man kaw magbatbat sin way kapūsan. Don’t keep repeating that foolishness. Pagbatbatun niya in ngān mu kākuꞌ. He used to mention your name to me. OV SYN. balab-balab, sabbut bati v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To stir or mix a liquid with a short, fast motion (as in beating an egg or mixing dough). Magbati aku iklug hipaghinang apam. I’ll beat the egg for making hotcakes. Subay batihun mu marayaw in iklug. You have to beat the eggs well. Subay marayaw in kabati sin addun ini ha supaya malunuk in apam. (Your) beating of this dough should be good so that the hotcake will be soft. OV SYN. lamugay 1 batiꞌ adj. Awake (i.e., not asleep). Batiꞌ na siya pagkari ku. He was awake when I came.    v. CH 1 ag mag-; pat -un. To wake up, wake (someone) up. Magbatiꞌ aku kunsūm subu-subu pa. I’ll wake up tomorrow early dawn. Ayaw aku pagbatia bang aku natutūg. Don’t wake me up when I’m asleep. OV SYN. *pukaw batihap n. An unpleasant feeling in the throat (of excessive saliva and sometimes nausea caused by something eaten).    v. act mag-; pat pag-…-un. To get an unpleasant feeling in the throat. Pagbatihapun aku magꞌinum tī. When I drink tea I get an unpleasant feeling in my throat. batik n. A trap (for animals). Nakasaggaw kami babuy talun ha batik. We caught a wild pig in an animal trap. OV SYN. liꞌtag

batil n. {Rare} A (medium sized) basin (formerly made of brass, used as a wash basin). Mataud batil marayaw ha katindahan. There are many good basins in the stores. OV SYN. pastan batiyaꞌ n. A large washing tub (with low sides). Bakas ku binī in hambuuk batiyaꞌ yan ha Sambuwangan. I bought that large washing tub in Zamboanga. OV SYN. undam, pastan batsa (var. of bacha) v To read. battik n. Batik cloth.{Prepared by an Indonesian method of printing textiles by coating with wax the parts to be dyed.}    v. ag mag-. To wear a long skirt made from batik. Magbattik sadja aku bang mangluruk pa pagtiyaunan. I always wear a batik when I attend weddings. batu n. A stone, rock, pebble. Tīluꞌ niya aku sin batu. He hit me with a stone.    v. pat -un. To stone (something). Batuhun nila in bāy niyu bang kamu diꞌ dimihil sīn. They will stone your house if you don’t give them money.    n. kabatuhan A rocky area. Ayaw kaw magtanum ha kabatuhan. Don’t plant on a rocky area. atay-batu (comp.) n. Unforgiving. (See atay for table.) batu balani n. A magnet. OV SYN. bagnit batu hihilug n. A smooth stone.{Used for rubbing off grime from one’s body; esp. used by women when bathing.} batu lantup n. A floating stone, pumice rock. Nakabāk aku batu lantup. I found a floating stone. In batu lantup ini mahayt. The floating stone is sharp. batuk v. ag mag-; ran ka-…-an. To look for and find (something hidden or someone hiding), discover (something) unknown. Batuka in piyagtapukan niya sin jawm. Look for and find the place where she hid the needle. Wayruun pa tau nakabatuk sin ubat sin sakit yan. No one has discovered the cure for that disease yet. Kiyabatukan ku na bang unu in kangiꞌ sin makina. I found out now what’s wrong with the sewing machine. OV SYN. lawag 1, *baak    v. rdp. ag mag-. To play hide and seek. Ayaw magbatuk-batuk bang dūm bat kamu diꞌ hitapuk sin

kukuk. Don’t play hide and seek at night or the kukuk will take you away and hide you. batunjang n. A brass tray (with feet).{Usu. used during a feast or celebration.} Hipuꞌ in batunjang sin masarap pagkaun. The brass tray is filled with delicious food. OV SYN. palanggana, talam batung n. Bean (generic). Makarayaw baran in batung. Beans are good for the body. (See Appendix 5: Plants) batung munggu n. (Green) mongo bean. Lumanjang kunuꞌ in bataꞌ-bataꞌ bang magkaun hadja batung munggu. They say that children will grow tall if they eat mongo beans often. baul n. A trunk (usu. for keeping clothes). Mabuꞌgat isab in baul ini. This trunk is really heavy. OV SYN. malita baung n. A dipper (made from a coconut shell). Luuni in baung tubig. Fill the dipper with water. OV SYN. gayung baung-baung n. A small savings bank (made of a coconut shell). OV SYN. alkansiya, tumpung (See niyug for table.) baus (var. of baws) v To repay, get even. *baut v. ag mag-; pat -un. To guide or control (the mental, moral, and social development of a child), bring up, rear, train (a child). Bauta in anak mu bābā asibiꞌ pa. Train your child while she’s still small.    n. bautan Training (of a child). Siyanglit sin manga tau in bautan niya ha manga anak niya. People praise her bringing up of her children. SYN. *biat bauu n. Land turtle, tortoise. Matugas in bāy sin bauu. A tortoise shell is hard. OV SYN. payukan bāw n. A finish (a thick paint applied to metal dishes, trays, pots and pans, etc.), varnish; paint. Ayaw mu hulugan in siliꞌ yan ampa diꞌ mapakpak in bāw niya. Don’t drop that kettle so that it’s finish won’t fall off. OV SYN. walnaꞌ, pinta bawꞌbawꞌ v. ag mag-. To pretend (to know or not to know something). Nagbawꞌbawꞌ siya sin walaꞌ niya kiyaingatan nalawaꞌ in sīn ku. He pretended that he didn’t know I lost my money.

bawang n. A missile shot from a blowgun (sumpitan).{Made from a tiny well-chopped bamboo slat, pointed at one end.} Cf. sumpitan sumpit 2 bawang putiꞌ n. Garlic.{An essential spice in cooking. Used extensively medicinally. Sometimes hung in the house to protect the household against vampires.} Allium sativum (See Appendix 5: Plants) bawdbud n. Pinipig, (i.e., rice that is not quite ripened yet, lightly toasted and pounded flat out of its shell).{Usu. eaten with coconut milk, sugar and durian.} Awn bawdbud diyaragang ha tabuꞌ. There is pinipig for sale at the market. bawgan n. A trigger (of a trap), bow (of an arrow). Nabaliꞌ in bawgan panaꞌ niya. The bow of his arrow is broken. bawgbug v. ag mag-; ran -an. To defend or protect (as a country), take the side of, support, make a stand, keep or observe (as God’s commandments), uphold (something). Wajib bawgbugan in Parman sin Tuhan. We must uphold the Word of God. Bawgbugi in kapatutan mu. Stand up for your rights. Makabawgbug na aku sin baran ku. I can stand on my own two feet (for my survival). *bawiꞌ v. AQ ag/goal mang-; pat -un. To recover (something, as something lost or previously given). Subay ku bawiun in diyaug kākuꞌ ha pagpanayaman. I have to recover the money I’ve lost in gambling. bawk adj. Stupidly proud of oneself, easily persuaded by flattery (to do something). In tau bawk mabayaꞌ tuud bantug-bantugun. A person who is stupidly proud of himself loves to be flattered.    v. CH 1 ag mag-; pat -un. To persuade (someone to do something) by flattery. Subay ta bawkun hi Bapaꞌ Sahipa bat kita sawkan niya tubig. We should persuade Uncle Sahipa by flattery so he’ll fetch water for us. OV SYN. abbu 2, dupang bawkiꞌ n. An anthill. Mawmu in bawkiꞌ kabaakan ha haluꞌ patay kahuy. Anthills are usually found among decaying wood. bawlu n. Small molded sponge cake (baked in the shape of leaves and fish).    n. bawluhan A brass sponge cake mold (with lid).{Coals are heaped on the lid for baking. There are two sizes, one for eight small cakes and one for twelve.}

   v. CH 2 ag mag-; pat -un. To bake (something) into this kind of cake. Bawluhun ta in addun yan. Let’s make small molded sponge cakes from that dough. Hipagbawlu ku in tirigu ini. I’ll use this flour for baking small molded sponge cakes. (See Appendix 7: Kinds of Confections Served at Special Occasions) baws (var. baus) n. Retaliation, repayment. Makusug in baws sin Tuhan dayn sin mānusiyaꞌ. God’s retaliation is greater than man’s.    v. CH 1 ag mang-, mag-; pat -un. To repay, get even (not as strong as pawli), strike back. Mabayaꞌ siya mamaws ha banta niya. He wants to get even with his enemy. Bawsun ta kaw bang mu aku suntukun. I’ll strike back at you if you hit me. Bawsun ku sila hanggatus pilak sabab bakas kami tiyabang nila. I will repay them one hundred pesos because they once helped us. OV SYN. *pawli    v. ag mag-, mang-; pat -un. (In bargaining) to respond with an offer; bargain for (something and obtain it). Hiyargaan niya hangpuꞌ pilak, saꞌ nabaws ku lima pilak. He priced it at ten pesos, but I bargained for it (and got it) for five pesos. bawtut n. A boil.    v. ST pat -un. [Does not occur with pa₂.] To develop a boil. Biyabawtut siya. He has a boil. OV SYN. hubag, bularut bawyut n. A bag (made of leaves for carrying one’s possessions). OV SYN. tambusaꞌ bāy n. A house.    v. ag mag-; ran -an. To build a house (for one’s own occupancy). Haunu kaw magbāy? Where will you build your house?    n. bāy-bāy A small house, playhouse.    v. rdp. ag mag-. To play house. Mabayaꞌ magbāy-bāy in manga bataꞌ. The children want to play house. OV SYN. kūbung-kūbung, astanaꞌ, kubuꞌ    n. pamāy-bāy A household (and all that is in it, including property), immediate relatives living in the same house; atmosphere of a household. Hisiyu in manghiluhalaꞌ mari ha pamāy-bāy ku ini tuntutan ku. I’ll file a case against anyone who comes here and causes trouble in my household. hangka-bāy (derv.) v. To live together in the same house.

bāy-lawaꞌ n. A cobweb. Mataud bāy-lawaꞌ ha lawm buriga way tau niya. There are many cobwebs in a bodega with no people in it.    v. pat -un. (For a place) to become infested with cobwebs. Bang in bilik diꞌ paglanuan, bāy-lawaun na. If a room is not cleaned it will become infested with cobwebs. baya-baya adv. Well-nigh, almost, nearly. Baya-baya kūp in karatung nila. It was almost dusk when they arrived. Cf. sūng 1.1, apit, ambayaꞌ way da baya-baya (idiom) adv. Free from danger, trouble or any unfavorable happening. Bang way da baya-baya magradwit na hi Utuꞌ tahun ini. Sonny will graduate this year if nothing unfavorable happens. OV SYN. bali-bali2 bayaꞌ 1 n. Desire, wish, will. Way na bayaꞌ ku mabuhiꞌ. I don’t have the will to live. v. aux ma-. To desire, wish, will, like or want (something or someone). Mabayaꞌ siya magkarayahan. He wishes to become rich. 2 v. ag mag-, makapag-; ran kapag-…-an. To have freedom (to do what one wants), to have control or authority (over something). Magbayaꞌ aku sin hinangun ku ha bāy namuꞌ. I have the freedom to do what I want in our house. Nakuraꞌ in makapagbayaꞌ ha manga tindug. The leader exercises control over his followers. Mayul in makapagbayaꞌ ha parakalaꞌ yan. The Mayor has the right of decision over that matter. Aku in makapagbayaꞌ ha baran ku. I’m free to do anything and decide for myself. 3 v. ag mag-. [Often rdp.] To court, desire a mate, be or fall in love. Malugay na sila nagbabayaꞌ. They have been in love for a long time now. Asal sila nagbabayaꞌ ha iskul. They were already sweethearts in school. Cf. kās 2 4 v. magbayaꞌ To be desired (in the sense of a completed transaction), be purchased, be sold. Diꞌ san magbayaꞌ in dagangan mu yan bang diꞌ hipangāꞌ-kāꞌ. Your wares won’t be purchased if you don’t sell them at the lowest price. bayaꞌ-bayaꞌ n. Decision. Bayaꞌ-bayaꞌ mu. It’s your decision.    v. ag mag-. To decide (for oneself). Magbayaꞌ-bayaꞌ kaw bang unu in hinangun mu. You decide what you will do. bayad n. A payment. Diꞌ aku makarihil bayad bihaun. I can’t give the payment now.

   v. AR ag mag-; ran -an. To pay (a debt of money, gratitude, etc.). Magbayad na aku sin utang ku kaymu. I’m going to pay my debt with you. Biyayaran niya in utang niya kākuꞌ. He paid his debt with me. Bayari in utang mu. Pay your debt. OV SYN. sukay1 bayan-buddiman adj. {Archaic} Intelligent, quick-witted, shrewd, wise. In tau bayan-buddiman kalulumanan. A wise man is highly respected. OV SYN. pandikal *baybad v. ag mag-; pat -un. (For either the boy’s or girl’s side) to call off marriage proceedings. Biyaybad pagga diꞌ makagaus sin ungsud. The marriage proceedings were called off because they can’t afford the bride price. bayhuꞌ 1 n. Face. Ginisan in dagbus sin bayhuꞌ sin manga tau. People’s faces are all different. v. TV goal -un. To come face to face (with someone as in settling disputes, a trial, etc.). Subay niyu bayhuun mattu bat diꞌ lumagguꞌ in kālu. You have to face them so that the quarrel will not worsen. OV SYN.: balharap derv. harap, alup 1, tumpalak. v. ran -an. To tell (something) by (someone’s) face. Kiyabayhuan ku in asawa sin bagay ku, biyaꞌ wayruun pa sīn nila. I could tell by my friend’s wife’s face that they still don’t have money. 2 n. Boldness in showing one’s face (with awn pa). Awn pa bayhuꞌ niya magpakitaꞌ kākuꞌ. She has still the boldness to show her face to me. 3 n. pamayhuan Expression on one’s face, countenance. 4 n. The right or finished side (of cloth). baykaskas n. A shank collar (of a bladed weapon). Bulawan in baykaskas sin kalis hi Panglima Ganih. The shank collar of the double-edged sword of Headman Ganih is of gold. SYN. budbud bayla1 n. Modern or Western dance.    v. ag mag-, mang-; pat -un; ran -an. To dance, (used of modern or Western type dancing). Magbayla kami ha iskul. We will dance together at the school. Mamayla kami dūm ini ha parti. We will dance with others tonight at the party. OV SYN. pangalay bayla2 n. The stick used to tighten the web of a loom. bayli n. Short grass. Hubluta in manga bayli yan. Pull out that short grass. OV SYN. sagbut, dagnut

baymbing 1 n. Balingbing (the tree). Averrhoa carambola 2 n. The (edible) fruit of this tree.{The juice contains potassium oxalate and when unripe can be used to remove rust.} baynat n. Result, consequence. Unu bahaꞌ in baynat sin paglami-lami? What will be the consequence of the merriment?    v. act mag-. To have an outcome, result. Magbaynat da in unu-unu hinang mu. Whatever you do will have its outcome. OV SYN. sudda 1 bayngꞌulungun (from bayng + ulung + -un) adj. Full of mercy, compassionate. Bayngꞌulungun in Tuhan. God is compassionate. baynglupahun (from bayng + lupa₁ + -un) adj. Absentminded, forgetful. Baynglupahun tuud in tau ini. This fellow is really forgetful. OV SYN. bingaw baytaꞌ n. News, information.    v. CV 2 ag mag-; pat hi-, -un; goal -an. To tell, inform, report. Baytai aku bang unu. Tell me what it’s all about. Unu in hibaytaꞌ mu kākuꞌ? What will you tell me? Hisiyu in namaytaꞌ walaꞌ aku piyaiskul? Who told on me that I did not go to school? Baytaan ha pulis in kītaꞌ mu. Report to the police what you saw.    n. pabaytaꞌ A message, information. Ini in pabaytaꞌ sin panghuꞌ pa manga hamba raayat niya. This is the message of the leader to his people. OV SYN. habal, amanat, pahāti, suysuy baytamin (Eng.) n. Vitamins, minerals, nutrients (in food). bayu v. ag mag-; pat -un; ran -an. To pound (with a pestle). Bayuhun ku in pāy ini. I’ll pound this palay. Bayuhan ku lara in pamāpa ini. I’ll pound hot pepper on these ingredients. Pāy in biyayu niya. It’s rice that she’s pounding.    n. babayu A small pestle (esp. used in preparing betel nut chew). OV SYN. *pipis bayug adj. Flabby, flaccid, physically weak (usu. of effeminate men). In tau bayug diꞌ makarā sin unu-unu mabuggat. A man who is flabby cannot carry heavy objects. OV SYN. bantut

bī 1 v. AQ ag/goal mag-, mang-; pat -un, hipag-; ran pang-…-an, pag-…-an. To buy (something); sell (something). Unu in bīhun mu? What will you buy? Madtu kami mamī-mī pa tinda. We will go shopping to the stores. Kiyapagbī niya in pamulawan niya. She has sold her jewelry. Hipagbī mu in bāy ini? Will you sell this house? Go Teck Leng in piyamīhan namuꞌ sin kahuy. Go Teck Leng is where we bought the wood. Hipamī ku badjuꞌ in sīn ini. I’ll use this money to buy clothes. Bīhan ta kaw badjuꞌ didtu ha Manilaꞌ. I’ll buy you a shirt in Manila. OV SYN.: dagang 1. n. magbibī A buyer. Nagtatagad in manga magbibī. The buyers are waiting. Cf.: sukiꞌ. n. pamī-mī Merchandise bought (either for consumption or to be sold). 2 v. pat hipag-. To cheat, take unfair advantage of, victimize (someone). Ayaw kaw mangandul ha tau putingan, hikapagbī sa kān. Don’t trust a liar, he’ll take unfair advantage of you. biꞌbiꞌ n. The edge of an embankment, edge of a steep slope (on the edge of a road), drop-off (on the edge of a road). In tarak limabay ha biꞌbiꞌ sin dān hangkan sa apit na mahulug. The truck passed at the edge of a steep slope on the edge of the road, that’s why it almost fell. OV SYN. higad 1 biꞌtis (var. bitis) The lower leg between the knee and the ankle. (See Appendix 6: The Parts of the Body) biak vt. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To split (something) into pieces lengthwise. Biakun ku in patung ini magꞌupat bat ku hikapaglantay. I’ll split this bamboo in four pieces so I can use it for flooring.    vi. pat ma-. To be split (into pieces lengthwise, by natural causes). Kītaꞌ ku nabiak nagduwa in batu. I saw the rock split into two. OV SYN. *sipak bias (var. biyas) v. CH 1 ag mang-; pat -un. To shame or humiliate (someone). Minsan mu yan biasun diꞌ da yan magbayad sin utang niya. He won’t pay his debt even if you shame him.    adj. Without dignity or pride, shameless. In tau bias mabayaꞌ sadja magkālu. A shameless person loves to quarrel. OV SYN. sipug *biat v. ag mag-; pat -un. To train, teach, instruct (someone, usu. children, esp. with regard to good manners and right conduct). Subay biatun in bataꞌ-bataꞌ sin addat marayaw. Children must be taught good manners. Bībiat siya sin maas niya dayn ha kaasibiꞌ. He has been disciplined by his parents from childhood.    n. biatan Training, discipline, teaching (esp. of moral standards). Marayaw in biat kaniya sin maas

niya. His parents gave him good training. OV SYN. hinduꞌ, *baut bibang n. The monitor lizard. Varanus spp. (See Appendix 4: Animals, Non-flying) kutu bibang (comp.) n. A tick. (See Appendix 1: Birds and Flying Insects) bibingka n. A rice-cake confection. Mananam in bibingka bang taga lamud gulaꞌ. A rice-cake tastes better if it’s flavored with honey.    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To bake a rice-cake. Magbibingka aku haylaya ini. I’ll bake a rice-cake this coming festival. Bibingkahun ku in bugas ini. I’ll bake this rice into a rice-cake. (See Appendix 7: Kinds of Confections Served at Special Occasions) bibis n. A creature like a lizard (that is believed to enter a woman’s body and feed on her blood, thus preventing her from becoming pregnant, or feed on her unborn baby). Walaꞌ siya naburus sabab awn bibis niya. She didn’t get pregnant because she has a lizard in her body.    n. bibisan A woman with such a creature inside her. bibitan n. The part of a loom to which the thread is tied. bichara (var. bissara; bitsara) 1 v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un, hi-; goal -an. To speak, say (something), talk about (something). Bichara na kaw sin kabayaan mu. Speak out what you want to say. Unu in hibichara mu kākuꞌ? What are you going to say to me? Piyagbicharahan sin manga kunsihal in pagpalingkat sin daira. The counselors were talking about the beautification of the town. Bicharahun ta in hikahatul sin hulaꞌ ta. Let’s talk about things that can bring peace to our place. Ayaw kaw magbichara sin makakangiꞌ atay sin tau. Don’t speak of things that hurt another person’s feelings. OV SYN. hilalaungan derv. laung1 , kabtangan, lapal 2 v. goal -an. To persuade, convince (someone); speak to (someone with some purpose in mind), sweettalk. Bicharahan ku siya bat diꞌ magad pa gimba. I’ll persuade him not to go to the interior. Bīcharahan niya aku magad kaniya. He sweet-talked me into going along with him. bichara maghulug maana n. A parable. Mahunit aku makahāti sin bichara maghulug maana. It’s hard for me to understand a parable. Bang kaw bukun mataliꞌ diꞌ kaw makahāti sin bichara maghulug maana. If you’re not keen-witted you can’t understand a parable.

bichara-bichara (var. bissara-bissara; bitsara-bitsara) n. Rumor, hearsay, gossip. Ayaw kaw magkahagad sin bichara-bichara ha guwaꞌ yan. Don’t believe that gossip people tell.    v. ag mag-; goal -an. To spread a rumor. Sila in nagbichara-bichara pasal sin asawa mu. They spread a rumor about your wife. OV SYN. limut bīd n. A small hill, the slope of a hill.    adj. Sloping. Mabīd in hulaꞌ Danag. The place Danag is sloping. OV SYN. būd 1, bakūd biddaꞌ n. [Often in the phrase way biddaꞌ, which may also mean “recklessly, without care, nonsensically.”] Difference. Unu in kabayaan mu inumun? Way biddaꞌ, laung sin iban niya. What do you want to drink? It makes no difference, said her companion. Hinang way biddaꞌ in tau yan. That fellow works carelessly. Ayaw kaw magbichara way biddaꞌ bang nagdurungug hi Inaꞌ. Don’t talk nonsensically if Mother is listening.    adj. Different, distinct. Biddaꞌ in addat niya dayn ha katān anak ku. Her character is different from the rest of my children.    v. act/ag mag-. To treat (someone) differently (from others with a degree of inequality), deal unequally, be unequal. Diꞌ magbiddaꞌ in lasa sin inaꞌ ha manga anak niya. A mother’s love towards her children isn’t unequal.    vi. act -um-. To become different, become distinct from. Middaꞌ in lupa mu dayn ha katān bang yan in badjuun mu. Your looks will become different from everyone else’s if you wear that dress. OV SYN. āg 1 bidduri n. Precious stone, gem. bidjak n. Caress; show of fondness, affection, or tenderness. Bang in bidjak mu biyaꞌ kan Anang, lumasa tuud in inaꞌ mu kaymu. If your show of affection would only be like Anang’s, your mother would love you more.    adj. mabidjak Affectionate, caressive. Mataud malasa ha bataꞌ mabidjak. Many people love an affectionate child.    v. ag mag-; ran -an. To caress; show fondness, affection, or tenderness (to someone). Bidjaki hi apuꞌ mu bat kaw karihilan sīn. Caress your grandmother so she’ll give you money. OV SYN. animu

bigaꞌ n. Sexual lust. In bigaꞌ niya nakalanduꞌ. Her sexual lust was excessive.    adj. bigaan/mabigaꞌ (Of women) licentious, flirtatious.    v. ag mag-. To become licentious, become flirtatious. Hikasipug kaw sin kampung mu bang kaw magbigaꞌ. Your relatives will be ashamed of you if you become licentious. OV SYN. bais, puta bigi n. A seed (as of fruits, vegetables, also of grains and nuts before they have been dried to be used as seeds). OV SYN. binhiꞌ    adj. mabigi/bigihan Seedy; (of rice) not well-cooked. Bigihan in kaunun tiyugnaꞌ mu. The rice you cooked is not well-cooked. bigi asum n. Cheekbone. Mataas in bigi asum niya. His cheekbones are high. bigi butuꞌ n. The testicles. OV SYN. butuꞌ, buyung biglaꞌ (Tag.) adj. Abrupt, hasty, sudden. Biglaꞌ in pagtulak niya pa Manilaꞌ. His trip to Manila was sudden.    adv. Abruptly, suddenly. Biglaꞌ siya nalawaꞌ. He suddenly disappeared.    vt. aux -un. To shock (someone); yank, jerk (something). Bīglaꞌ mu in pagꞌutung mu. The way you pulled, you jerked it.    vi. ST pat ma-. To be or become shocked. Nabiglaꞌ siya pagkitaꞌ niya sin bangkay. He was shocked when he saw the corpse. OV SYN. kublaꞌ bihag n. A captive, prisoner of war.    v. pat -un. To be held a captive or prisoner of war. In manga tau Yahudi bakas nabihag sin manga tau Misir. The Jews were once held captives by the Egyptians. OV SYN. banyagaꞌ, īpun bihaini adv. Like this (contraction of biyaꞌ ha ini). bihaun (var. bihayaun) adv. Now, presently, at this time, at the moment, quite recently (contraction of biyaꞌ ha yaun). Mattu na aku bihaun. I’ll go now. Nagꞌiskul siya bihaun ha Manilaꞌ. She is presently studying in Manila. bihayan (var. bihan; bihān) adv. In that manner or way, like that. Bang bihayan in paggastu hangkarayꞌ

da kaw mamiskin. If you spend that way, you’ll soon become poor. Bukun bihayan in pagtahiꞌ. The way to sew it is not that way. Bihayan in kabayaan ku. I like it like that. OV SYN. bihaini *bikaꞌkaꞌ v. ag mag-; pat -un, hi-. To spread the legs apart. Ayaw kaw magbikaꞌkaꞌ. Don’t spread your legs apart. Bikaꞌkaun niya in paa niya bang kumaun. He spreads his legs when he eats. Bikaꞌkaan kunuꞌ in paa mu bat kaubatan in paliꞌ mu. You spread your legs so that (I) can apply medicine on your wound. OV SYN. singkang bikad-bikad n. Yard grass and similar short grasses. OV SYN. parang 1, bayli, sagbut bikal n. {Obsolete} A thick padding (for a cow carrying a heavy load). Butangan in bikal pa taykud sin sapiꞌ. Place the padding on the cow’s back.    v. AR ag mag-; ran -an. To put a thick padding on an animal. Bikali in sapiꞌ. Pad the cow’s back. OV SYN. lampik 1, pakul bikluꞌ n. The curving, turning, swerving (of something).    v. act/ag mag-, -um-. To turn or curve (as of a person walking, car, truck, bicycle). Mikluꞌ kita supaya diꞌ kakitaan. Let’s turn so we won’t be seen.    v. pat -un. To turn or swerve (something). Bikluun subay pa lawa in lansa bat diꞌ kumugdan ha batang. The launch should be turned left so it won’t hit the log. Piyabikluꞌ ku pa jambatan. I turned it towards the pier.    n. bikluan A turning point in a road, path or direction of travel; curve. Nagdugtul in tarak ha bikluan pa Parang. The trucks collided on the curve (going) to Parang. SYN. biluk bilal n. The third ranking religious leader in the community. OV SYN. imam, hatib bilang adj. Approved, OK, all right, ready.{Used in children’s games to signal to the one who is “it” that the others are ready for him to go chasing and looking for them.} Bilang na ka kaymu bang siya dāhun muwiꞌ? Is it all right with you if I take him home? Miyari aku bilang wajil sin Prisidinti. I came here as the approved representative of the President. Bilang na? Diꞌ pa! Are you ready? Not yet!    vt. pat -un. {Seldom used} To count (something).    vi. pat ma-. To be numbered. Nabibilang na in adlaw niya dī ha dunya. His days here on earth are already numbered. SYN. itung 1

bilangguꞌ n. A chain, shackle, fetter.    v. ag mag-; pat -un; ran -an. To chain, fetter (as prisoners, animals, or ships). Bilanggua in iruꞌ ha pagal. Chain the dog in the cage. Bīlangguan niya in iruꞌ ha pagal. He chained the dog in the cage. OV SYN. kadina, ikang-ikang bilas n. Conjunctivitis, inflammation of the eyes, pinkeye. (See Appendix 8: Diseases)    v. ST pat -un. To be afflicted with such a disease. Bilasun kaw bang mataud bībilas ha bāy mu. You will get conjunctivitis if there are many afflicted with it at your house. bilat n. The female pudenda, vulva.{Used in coarse talk and profane exclamation. In a formal talk a euphemism is always used.} Bilat hi inaꞌ mu! You son of a bitch. OV SYN. alupan alup 2; Cf. lawang 2 bilduꞌ 1 n. Velvet material. 2 n. Any of several herbs, among them oregano, having thick velvety leaves. Coleus spp. bili-bili n. A sheep. In bulbul sin bili-bili paghinangun manta. Sheep’s wool is used to make blankets. (See Appendix 4: Animals, Non-flying) bilibid n. {Rare} A prison, jail. Hipagbutang in tau makalanggal saraꞌ sin parinta pa bilibid bang masaggaw. A person will be put in jail when caught, if he committed a crime against the law. SYN. kalabusu, jīl bilik n. A room.    v. pat -un. To partition (a place into a room or rooms), confine someone to a room. Subay bilikun in budjang ini. This young girl should be confined to a room. Subay bilikun in pagtutūgan. You should partition off a sleeping place. OV SYN. *kuddam billiꞌ n. A bird of prey. Mataud billiꞌ in ha ūt sin Sūg iban Siasi. There many birds of prey between Jolo and Siasi. (See Appendix 1: Birds and Flying Insects) bilmaarup n. Group agreement, group consensus.    v. ag mag-. To hold a meeting or conference so as to arrive at an agreement (about something).

Magbilmaarup in manga kamayul-mayulan kunsūm mahinaat. The mayors of all the municipalities will hold a decision-making meeting tomorrow morning. OV SYN. taayun, isun bilu adj. Blue, bluish in color. Bang in mata sin tau bilu, in pagtawag bulahaw. If a person’s eyes are blue he/she is called bulahaw. bilu hilaw Pale blue. bilu malutuꞌ Dark blue. bilu awan Sky blue. OV SYN. bulahaw 1 biluk n. The curving, turning, swerving (of something). Harap pakain in biluk sin jīp? Which way is the turning of the jeep (i.e., is it turning)?    v. act/ag mag-, -um-. To turn, curve (as of a jeep, boat, tricycle, wheelchair, people). Mīluk siya pa lawm tinda. He turned into the store. Piyabiluk niya in jīp pa Parang. He turned the jeep toward Parang. SYN. bikluꞌ; OV SYN. bīng2 1, libut biluuk n. A very young undeveloped coconut fruit. (See niyug for table.) bimbang n. Anxiety, worry. Diꞌ hikasipat in bimbang ku ha manga mawmaas ku ha Sūg. You can’t imagine my worry about my parents in Jolo.    adj. mabimbang Worried, anxious. Mabimbang aku magbīn dī kaymu sin way iban. I’m worried about leaving you behind without any companion.    v. ag mag-. To worry, become anxious. Ayaw na kaw magbimbang kākuꞌ, marayaw da in parasahan ku. Don’t worry about me, I’m feeling all right. Cf. susa bīn n. Instructions, directions (given by someone leaving for a time), last will and testament, something left in another’s charge. Kiyalupahan ku in bīn mu kākuꞌ. I’ve forgotten your instructions. Unu taꞌ in bīn sin miyatay? What was the deceased’s last will and testament?    v. CV 1 ag mag- (pat is an object), mang- (pat is a person); pat hi-, -un; ran -an. [-un is considered substandard.] To leave behind, abandon (something), forget to take (something) along. Bīnan siya isaisa niya! Leave him behind alone! Ayaw kaw mamīn iban. Don’t leave your companion behind. Samut kaw hikabīn kaw sin iban mu. Faster, you’ll be left behind by your companion. Gana-gana hikabīn in bāg ini. Sooner or later you’ll forget to bring this bag along with you.    v. ag magpabīn To cause oneself to be left behind. Diꞌ kaw mabugaꞌ magpabīn isa-isa mu dī? Aren’t you afraid to let yourself be left alone here?

   n. pamīn-mīn Last will (usu. given by a person about to die); final instructions. Mataud in pamīn-mīn hi Apuꞌ baꞌgu siya miyatay. Grandma left many final instructions before she died. binabai (from babai) adj. (Of a man) effeminate, womanlike. In usug yan binabai. That man is effeminate. OV SYN. bantut, bayug binangkaw n. A short-bladed spear. Kiyugdan sin binangkaw in hās. The snake was hit with a shortbladed spear. Cf. budjak binasa adj. In a state of agitation, suffering, or torment (either physically, emotionally, or mentally; burdened (mild form of binsanaꞌ). Binasa aku maghinang sin katān hinang ha lawm bāy. I’m physically burdened with all the household chores.    vt. ag mang-; pat -un. To beat or inflict suffering (on someone). Hisiyu in naminasa kaymu? Who beat you?    vi. pat ma-. To be agitated, be annoyingly disturbed, be burdened. Mabinasa isab kita magtagad dī kaymu. We’ll be annoyingly disturbed waiting here for you. OV SYN. binsanaꞌ binatang 1 n. (A general term for) animal, beast. OV SYN. sattuwa, hayup 2 n. A wild and unconventional person (derogatory term). binhiꞌ n. Seed (usu. grains chosen for planting), seeds (of fruit and vegetables when dried and kept for planting). Hitanum ta in manga binhiꞌ. We’ll plant the seed. OV SYN. bigi binsanaꞌ adj. In a state of suffering, torment, agitation (physically, emotionally, or mentally). Binsanaꞌ in lawm pamikil niya. His mind is agitated.    vt. CH 1 ag mag-; pat -un. To beat, torture (someone), inflict suffering (of body or mind). Magbinsanaꞌ aku bat makausaha. I have to inflict suffering (on myself) in order to earn. Bīnsanaꞌ nila in pilisu. They tortured the prisoner.    vi. ST pat ma-. To suffer, be tormented, be agitated. Nabibinsanaꞌ sila ha lawm jīl. They’re being tormented in jail.    n. kabinsanaan Suffering, torment, discomfort. Diꞌ hikasipat in kabinasahan niya. His suffering is unbearable. OV SYN. binasa, *lubak; Cf. siksaꞌ

binsul v. ag mag-; pat -un. To move (something heavy a short distance). Binsulun ta in batu malagguꞌ ha sungab batu yaun. Let’s move the big rock in that cave. bintang n. A brass washbasin (used in the home). *bintang 1 v. ag mang-; pat -un. To analyze, examine, study, consider (something, as advice on a problem or the meaning of a natural phenomenon). Subay ta bintangun marayaw in maana sin bichara niya. We should analyze very well the meaning of what he said. OV SYN. liling, taliꞌ 2 v. ag mang-; ran pang-…-an. To learn a lesson (either positive or negative) from some experience (personal experience, books, movies, plays, etc.). Namintang aku sin in way hinang, mangiꞌ parasahan. I learned from experience that having no job is a discomfort. Namintang aku in magkaun sayul makarayaw baran. I have learned from experience that to eat vegetables is good for the body. Piyamintangan ku na, bang magꞌinum alak ampa makataud, makakangiꞌ baran. I have learned from experience that to drink a lot of strong drink destroys the body. n. pamintangan An experience which teaches a lesson. In kangian kimugdan ha tau yan hambuuk pamintangan sin manga tau ikutan. The tragic thing that happened to that person is a lesson to stingy people. 3 n. A guide by which to navigate, landmark. Subay amu in būd mataas in bintang ta bang manaw ha ginlupaan. A high mountain should be our landmark when we travel on land. v. ag mag-, mang-; goal -an. To observe, reckon, or calculate (one’s direction, or the direction of a landmark or heavenly body). Bintangan ta marayaw bang dapit pakain in bituun. Let’s observe well to what side the star is (from our present course). OV SYN.: panduga. bintang patahunan n. {Archaic} An indigenous almanac (more common in olden days).{Written in Arabic script. Contains information about weather, planting seasons, fishing seasons, astronomy, good and bad omens, etc.} Kitaa in bintang patahunan bang kaw tumulak. Consult an almanac if you’re going on a journey. OV SYN. takwim bintiꞌ n. A knee-bending game.{One contestant stands with one leg straightened out behind him, foot touching the ground and the other contestant attempts to make him bend his knee by hitting him behind the knee with the top of his foot.}

   v. ag mag-; pat -un. To throw (someone) off balance, trip (someone, usu. with the foot); play the game described above. Matagi in manga bataꞌ magbintiꞌ. The children enjoy playing the knee-bending game. Bintiun ku in siki mu. I’ll throw you off balance by hitting your feet. Cf. lūkunan bintu v. RC, CH 1 ag mag-; pat -un. To wait for each other to do (work), wait on others to do (one’s chores, so as to shun responsibilities). Ayaw magbintu sin hinang ha bāy. Don’t wait for each other to do household chores. Bintuhun niya kaw? Will she leave her work to you? bintul n. A small swelling on the skin caused by an insect bite or some allergy. OV SYN. hubag, busul, budjul bintung 1 n. The point toward which something is going, direction. Bintung harap pakain in lansa? Which direction did the motor launch go? v. act -um-. To tend towards, go towards. Pabintungun pa uttaraꞌ in kappal! Head the boat towards the north! OV SYN.: tudju 1, harap 1. 2 v. goal ka-…-an. To become the object (of one’s projected impulse or emotion, esp. that which is undesirable or causes anxiety). Ayaw kaw maglamud bat kaw diꞌ kabintungan sin dugal niya. Don’t meddle with his affair or you will become the object of his anger. bīng1 1 v. AQ ag/goal mag-; goal -un, ka-…-an. To return, come back, return to get (something), repeat (something). Bīng kaw magtuy bat kaw diꞌ hikabīn sin jīp. Come back immediately so you won’t be left behind by the jeep. Kinsūm na aku magbīng mari. I will come back tomorrow. Ayaw na kaw manakaw magbīng. Don’t steal again. Bīngun ku madtu in bugas kiyabīn ku ha tinda. I’ll go back and get the rice I left at the store. OV SYN. balik 2 v. ran ka-…-an. To become the object of projected anger. Aku in kiyabīngan sin dugal niya. She projected her anger on me. OV SYN. bintung 2 bīng2 1 adj. Inside out, backside, reversed. Bīng in pagbadjuꞌ mu. Your dress is inside out. v. ag -um-; pat -un. To turn (something) inside out or vice versa, turn (something [as frying fish] or someone [as a person reclining]) over (onto another side or surface). Subay bīngun in manga tamungun bang kaw magbuwad. You must turn the clothes inside out when you hang them to dry. Bīnga in apam bat diꞌ masunug. Turn the hotcake over so it won’t burn. Bīng kaw pa hansipak.

Turn over onto your other side. 2 v. pat -un. To slap (someone). Bīngun ku sān in bayhuꞌ mu. I’ll slap your face. OV SYN. baliskat bingal n. Something used to hold (something else) in place; leg rest (usu. a pillow, used when one is sleeping or resting). Awn bingal niya bang siya matūg. She has a leg rest when she sleeps.    v. ag mag-, mang-, -um-; ran -an. To hold (something) in place (with something else), stuff (a container so that the contents will stay in one place). Bingali katas in labban yan bat diꞌ magkimbu in manga basu. Stuff that box with paper so the glasses won’t shake. OV SYN. tangday; Cf. singal bingaw adj. Absentminded. Bingaw in bagay ku. My friend is absentminded.    n. kabingawan Absentmindedness. Landuꞌ in kabingawan sin tau ini! This fellow’s absentmindedness is just too much! OV SYN. lingag bingit n. A fishhook.    v. CH 1 ag mang-, mag-; pat -un. To fish with a hook and line. Mamingit aku dūm ini. I’ll go fishing with hook and line tonight. Bingitun ku in kaytan ha lawm bungsud. I’ll catch the shark that’s in the fish corral with a hook and line. Mataud istaꞌ nabingit nila kabii. They caught a lot of fish last night with hook and line. OV SYN. laya, bubu1 , pukut bingkang v. ag mag-; pat -un. To spread (one’s legs) wide apart. Ayaw kaw magbingkang sin paa mu bang kaw lumingkud. Don’t spread your legs wide apart if you’re sitting down.    v. pat ma-. (For the legs) to be spread wide apart. Nabibingkang siya miyanaw pa bāy. He walked to the house with his legs spread wide apart. OV SYN. singkang bingkiꞌ n. A small earthen jar. In manga tau Malakaꞌ magluun tubig ha bingkiꞌ. The people of Malaka store water in small earthen jars. OV SYN. puga, kibut bingkuk 1 adj. Crooked (general term). Bingkuk in gudlis hīnang mu. The line you made is crooked. vt. ag mag-; pat -un. To cause (something) to be crooked, bend (something). Hisiyu in makabingkuk sin basiꞌ ini? Who can bend this steel? Hipagbingkuk ku basiꞌ in tukul ini. I’ll use this hammer in bending iron. vi. ST pat ma-. To become crooked. Bang mabingkuk in jawm makina diꞌ na hikapagtahiꞌ. If the needle of the sewing machine becomes crooked it can no longer be used for sewing. OV SYN.:

kalluk, kawk, pikuk. 2 v. ag mag-; pat -un. To make (something) unjust. Bang mu bingkukun in saraꞌ mahilu in paghulaꞌ. If you make the laws unjust our country will be in confusion. bingkul n. A piping (on the edge of sleeves, neckline, or collar of a dress). Taga bingkul in badjuꞌ ku. My dress has piping.    v. AR ag mag-; ran -an. To provide a piping (for something). Bingkuli putiꞌ in liug sin badjuꞌ ku. Place a white piping on the collar of my dress. OV SYN. laup binglud n. Small particles or chips (of rice). Tahapi in bugas supaya makawaꞌ mu in binglud hipakaun ha manuk. Winnow the rice so as to separate the chips to feed the chickens. *bingug vt. pat -un. To make (something) dizzy (as a result of some deafening sound, as thunder, or gunfire). Bingugun sin kulitis ini in manga tau. This firecracker will make the people dizzy.    vi. pat ma-. To feel dizzy (as a result of such a sound). Nabingug aku sin pagkanyun. I felt dizzy from the cannonade. OV SYN. laꞌpung, hilu 1 binyag (Tag.) v. ag mag-; ran -an. To baptize, christen (spoken of Catholic practice; used primarily by Christians who speak Tausug). Pariꞌ in nagbinyag ha bataꞌ-bataꞌ. The priest was the one who baptized the child. In bataꞌ-bataꞌ binyagan sin pariꞌ. The priest will baptize the child. OV SYN. baptays, gunting 2 bīr (Eng.) n. Beer. biraddali n. A skymaiden (a beautiful heavenly being with wings). Walaꞌ ku kītaꞌ in biraddali. I didn’t see the skymaiden. In manga biraddali bukun mānusiyaꞌ biyaꞌ kātuꞌ. The skymaidens are not mortals like us. OV SYN. jīn birangan n. A large square embroidery frame. Bang dakulaꞌ in burdahan mu birangan in pagꞌusalun. If what you are embroidering is large, you should use a large square embroidery frame. OV SYN. bastidur biray n. A (large rectangular) decoration (used on a wall of a room or as a partition).{Made of finest rattan slats and usu. placed in the interior of the house.} Yari in biray hipagbilik mu. Here’s the rattan

decoration for you to use as a partition. Cf. būras bisa n. Sharpness, sting (as of a wound), pungency, pepperiness (as of food), titillation; effectivity (as of medicine). Diꞌ makasandal in bataꞌ sin bisa sin paliꞌ. The child can’t stand the sting of his wound.    adj. mabisa Stinging, sharp, peppery, pungent, titillating; effective. Mabisa in ubat ini. This medicine is effective. Mabisa isab in kalangan yan. That song is titillating.    v. exp ka-…-an. To feel a burning sensation in the mouth (as of peppery food), be titillated. Ayaw kaw magsāw sin tinuanan ku kabisahan kaw sin lara. Don’t eat with my relish or you’ll be burned by the pepper. OV SYN. hapdus bisayaꞌ 1 n. A Filipino Christian. In bisayaꞌ amu in manga tau magsumba sakahabaꞌ Ahad. Christians are the people who go to church every Sunday. 2 n. The Cebuano language. v. ag mag-. To speak Cebuano. *bisbis v. AR ag mag-; ran -an. To remove weeds (from the soil after plowing preparatory to planting). Bisbisan ta naa muna ampa kita magtanum. We’ll remove the weeds first before planting.    adj. mabisbis Without weeds, free of weeds. Mabisbis in uma nila. Their field is free of weeds. OV SYN. *suwat bisita (Eng.) n. A visitor, guest.    v. TV ag mag-; goal -un; inst/ran pag-…-an. To visit (someone). Bisitahun ku siya Ahad. I’ll visit her on Sunday. Pagbisitahan namuꞌ tau nasasakit in jīp ini. We are using this jeep for visiting sick people. OV SYN. kakap, *tibaw biskay (var. buskay) v. act -um. (For something) to speed up or become faster. Bang matangun in lansa miskay in dāgan niya. If a launch is drydocked its sailing becomes faster. Ayaw pabiskaya in pagparāgan mu sin trak. Don’t speed up your driving of the truck.    adj. mabiskay Fast, quick, brisk, speedy. Mabiskay siya maghinang. She is a speedy worker. Biskay kaw dāgan bat ta abutan in jīp. Run quickly so that we can catch up with the jeep. OV SYN. samut, siglaꞌ, kasay 1, sapat biskwit (Eng.) n. A biscuit, soda cracker, cookie. Masūb in bataꞌ-bataꞌ magkaun biskwit. Children love to

eat biscuits. GENR. bangbang Bismillah (Ar.) n. In the name of God (the heading of each surah of the Koran). bissara (var. of bichara) v To speak. *bista v. ag mag-; pat -un. To compute, consider, think. Bistaha bang pila in kiyabalanjaꞌ ta ha Manilaꞌ. Try to compute how much we’ve spent on our trip to Manila. Bistaha sadja in hunit sin pagpaiskul kaymu. Just think of our hardship in sending you to school. OV SYN. pikil, jumla, itung 1    adj. mabista Thrifty, economical, budget-wise. In tau mabista awn sadja sīn niya bang kasigpitan na. One who is thrifty always has money when hard times come. OV SYN. ikutan/maikut ikut, kuriput, kaykit, paysiꞌ bistida (Tag.) n. A (female) dress.    v. ag mag-. To put on a dress. Ayaw kaw magbistida pula. Don’t put on a red dress. GENR. badjuꞌ bistu v. ag mag-; pat -un; ran ka-…-an. To discern, figure (something) out by reasoning, suspect, perceive. Bistuhun ku in tiyapuk mu. I’ll figure out what you kept. Biyaꞌ ha ini in hinanga supaya kaw diꞌ kabistuhan. Do it this way so that he won’t suspect you.    adj. mabistu Perceptive, discerning. Bang kaw mabistu mahunit kaw akkalan sin tau. If you are perceptive it will be hard for people to deceive you. OV SYN. *tilas bisu adj. Deaf, unable to hear.    vt. CH 1 ag magpabisu To simulate deafness, pretend to be deaf. Magpabisu sadja siya bang tawagun. She just pretends to be deaf whenever she is called to do something.    vt. pat -un. To make (someone) deaf. Bisuhun ta sa kān! I’ll make you deaf!    vi. ST pat ma-. To become deaf. Mabisu kita bang mustak na in batil-batil sin taynga ta. We will become deaf if our eardrums burst. Lumugay mabisu kita sin pagkanyun yan. Sooner or later we’ll become deaf with this (continuous) shelling. Pūngi in radyu. Makabisu. Turn off that radio. It’s making me deaf. OV SYN. lantak *bisud vt. ag mag-; pat -un. To pull and tighten (something, as rope or twine). Bisura in kawat pagbuwaran ta badjuꞌ. Pull and tighten the wire for the clothesline. Diꞌ ku mabisud in lubid ini. I

can’t pull and tighten this rope.    adj. mabisud Fully stretched, tight. Sarang na in pagꞌutung mu, mabisud na. That’s enough pulling. It’s already fully stretched. OV SYN. bitad, hinit, *hutad, kutad bisuul 1 n. A sty (in the eye). Awn bisuul ha mata niya. He has a sty in his eye. SYN. butuꞌ-butuꞌ 2 n. A big seed (as of lanzones). adj. mabisuul Having big seeds. Mabisuul in buwahan ini. These lanzones have big seeds. bitad adj. Fully stretched (as of cloth, fabric, elastic band, or a stomach full of food). (also mabitad) {Often spoken derogatorily. Sometimes of human skin esp. when a thin person becomes stout.} Mabitad tuud in lūhul. The canopy is fully stretched. Bitad na in tiyan niya sin pagkaun. His stomach is stretched, it’s so full of food.    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To stretch (something) by pulling. Bitarun ku in pitikan kaymu. I’ll stretch the slingshot for you. Mabitad mu kākuꞌ in pitikan ini? Can you stretch this slingshot for me.    adj. magkabitad Able to be stretched. Diꞌ magkabitad in lubid ini, mabugtuꞌ. This rope cannot be stretched, it breaks. OV SYN. hinit, *hutad, kutad, *bisud bitay1 v. ag mag-; pat -un. To surpass, outshine. Diꞌ magbitay in duwa magtaymanghud ha ingat. The two siblings can’t outshine each other in knowledge. Bitay ku siya bang ha magbayla da. I surpass her in the field of dancing. OV SYN. *daug bitay2 v. ag mag-; pat -un; inst/ran pag-…-an. To hang (something heavy). Mahumu ku kakitaan in bataꞌ ini magbitay ha taas biyabas. I often see this child hanging (from a branch) up in the guava tree. Sin timpu kastilaꞌ bitayun in hisiyu-siyu lumanggal sin saraꞌ. During Spanish times whoever broke the law would be hanged. OV SYN. *pinting, gantung *bitbit v. ag mag-; pat -un. To carry something heavy and dangling (on the arm, not the hand). Nagbibitbit siya sin ambung dayn ha tabuꞌ. He’s carrying the heavy basket from the market. (See dā for table.) *bitiꞌ n. The popping sound (made by kernels of corn, grains of rice, or sesame seeds when they are roasted). OV SYN. gagatiꞌ    v. rdp. act mag-. To make a cracking or popping sound (as of dishes, glass, earthen cooking utensils, or dried bamboo or wood). Magbitiꞌ-bitiꞌ in basu bang kapasuan. The glass will make a cracking sound

when it is exposed to extreme heat. bitiꞌ lunga (comp.) v. (With biyaꞌ, of the firing of weapons) continuous and rapid. Biyaꞌ bitiꞌ lunga in timbak bang dūm tahun baꞌgu. On New Year’s Eve the firing is continuous and rapid. bitis (var. of biꞌtis) n The lower leg between the knee and the ankle. bitsara (var. of bichara) v To speak. bitu-bituhan adj. Totally dark. Bitu-bituhan in lawm sungab. The cave is totally dark. OV SYN. tigidlum, lindum 1 bituanan1 n. A divorcee.    v. ST pat ma-. To become a divorcee. Nabituanan na hi Patimaꞌ. Fatima has become a divorcee. bituanan2 n. A type of confection with spicy fillings. Masarap tuud kaunun in bituanan ini. This confection is really good for eating. bituun n. A star. Bang dūm kakitaan na in bituun mabanus ha langit. At night you’ll see plenty of stars in the sky.    adj. mabituun Full of stars. Mabituun in langit dūm yan. The sky is full of stars tonight. biyaꞌ adv. As, like, similar, as if. Biyaꞌ na kaw taymanghud ku. You are like a brother to me. OV SYN. sibuꞌ, saliꞌ biyaꞌ diin pron. How? Like what? Biyaꞌ diin in kapaguy mu dayn ha jīl? How did you escape from jail? Biyaꞌ diin in paghinang ini? How do you make this? biyabas 1 n. A guava tree. Psidium guajava (See Appendix 5: Plants) 2 n. Guava (fruit). Bang kita daran pagꞌulapayun marayaw in kumaun biyabas, makarihil kusug ha baran. If we are always getting colds it’s good to eat guavas, they give the body strength. biyakiꞌ n. A confection made from corn flour and wrapped in a leaf. (See Appendix 7: Kinds of Confections Served at Special Occasions) biyaksa adj. Accustomed to, used to, familiar with, addicted to, in the habit of. Biyaksa siya

magpangakkal. He is in the habit of cheating (people). Biyaksa siya sin hinang yan. He is familiar with the work. Biyaksa siya magkaun gandum. He is used to eating corn.    v. act mag-; pat -un; ran ka-…-an. To be or become accustomed to, used to, familiar with, or addicted to (something), be acquainted with (someone), be or get in the habit of (doing something). Magbiyaksa kaw iban sin taymanghud ku? Are you acquainted with my brother? Ayaw biyaksahun magsini-sini in manga bataꞌ. Don’t let the children become accustomed to attending the movies. Diꞌ ku kabiyaksahan in maghulaꞌ ha daira. I’m not used to living in town.    v. ran ka-…-an. (For someone) to expect or be used to receiving (something from someone [focused]). Kabiyaksahan sa kaw yan sin anak mu, bang pagdihilan mu mataud sīn. Your child will expect (a lot of money) from you if you customarily give him a lot of money.    n. kabiyaksahan A habit, usual action. In kabiyaksahan ku pagꞌubus kumaun maghali-hali. My habit is to rest after eating. biyal v. ag mang-; pat -un. To delay doing (something), ignore, neglect, defer doing (something). Diꞌ aku magpabiyal sin hinang ku. I will not neglect my work. Pabiyalun niyu sadja in hinang niyu. You just put off your work.    adj. mapabiyal Heedless, neglectful (of work), procrastinating. Mapabiyal in bataꞌ ini pagdaakun sin inaꞌ. This child is a procrastinator when his mother sends him on an errand. biyanban n. A food made from grated cassava and coconut (wrapped in a banana or coconut leaf in elongated form and then boiled until cooked).    v. ag mag-. To prepare this kind of food. Magbiyanban aku gana-gana. I’ll make grated cassava and coconut food in a little while. OV SYN. piyutu biyaning adj. Yellow. Biyaning in badjuꞌ ku ini. My dress is yellow. biyaning malutuꞌ. Dark yellow.    v. ST pat ma-. To be or become pale (as of a sick person). Namimiyaning in tau nasasakit. One who is sick is pale. OV SYN. putiꞌ biyas (var. of bias) v To shame (someone). biyugbug (see bugbug) n. Rice (cooked in a lot of water). biyukaꞌ (from -iy- + bukaꞌ₁) n. Dried fish (prepared by splitting the fish open before drying). OV SYN.

tahay 2 biyul adj. Out of tune (as of a musical instrument). Biyul in biyula niya. His viola is out of tune. biyula n. A violin, any musical instrument resembling a violin. Nabagbag in biyula niya. His violin is broken.    v. ag mag-. To play the violin. Diꞌ aku maingat magbiyula. I don’t know how to play the violin.    n. magbibiyula A violinist. Lawagi niyu kita madtu magbibiyula. Look for a violinist for us. buꞌbuꞌ vt. ag mag-; pat -un; goal -an. To pour (something on something). Biyuꞌbuan nila kami sin pungluꞌ. They poured bullets on us.    vi. act -um-. (For rain) to pour. Awn hangka jam miyuꞌbuꞌ in ulan kabii. It poured last night for about an hour. OV SYN. busug 1, *asag 1, *budbud buꞌgang (var. of bagaang) n Molar (teeth). buꞌgat (gimb. equiv. of buggat) n Weight, heaviness. buꞌnag v. ST pat ma-. (For rice [kaunun]) to be undercooked (hence undesirable).{The causes of undercooking are too little heat or too little water.} Bang mu diꞌ kitaun marayaw in panugnaꞌ mu, ganagana mabuꞌnag. If you don’t watch your cooking, (the rice) might be undercooked.    adj. mabuꞌnag (Of rice [kaunun]) undercooked. buꞌtul1 n. The first striking blow (of the wind or a typhoon). Landuꞌ makusug in buꞌtul sin hunus. The first striking blow of the typhoon is very strong. OV SYN. hunus buꞌtul2 n. A noose, trap (esp. mechanical, for large animals). In buꞌtul biyutang niya ha daig batu dakulaꞌ. He put the trap near the big stone. OV SYN. liꞌtag buaya n. A crocodile (generic). (See Appendix 4: Animals, Non-flying) bubu1 n. A square basket fish trap.    v. ag mag-. To fish with a basket trap, make such a fish trap. Magbubu kita didtu ha kalawman. We will fish with the basket trap in the deep part of the sea. Cf. bungsud

bubu2 v. ag mag-; ran -an. To water (something, as plants). Bubuhi in manga jambangan. Water the flower plants. OV SYN. busug 1 bubuk1 n. A condiment (made from a mixture of roasted grated coconut meat with ground strips of dried fish, garlic, onion, pepper and salt, usu. eaten with certain edible seaweeds or rice). Masarap in agalagal lamuran sin bubuk. It is delicious to mix edible seaweeds with grated coconut meat condiment.    v. ag mag-. To make this kind of condiment. Bang magbubuk subay mapinu in unud sin istaꞌ tahay. When making a mixture of roasted coconut meat and dried fish, the ground strips of dried fish should be very fine. bubuk2 adj. Unhatchable (of an egg which has been brooded but which the mother bird does not hatch because there is no baby inside). In bubuk iklug mabahuꞌ sagawaꞌ makaun da isab bang amanun. An unhatchable egg smells but it can be eaten if it is boiled. bubung n. The covering for the peak of a roof (usu. made of galvanized iron). Hinanga in mital yan bubung. Use this galvanized iron as the covering for the peak of the roof.    v. ag mag-; ran -an. To make or place a covering for the peak of a roof. Kuꞌnu kaw magbubung sin bāy? When will you make the covering for the peak of the roof of the house? Bubungan ku mital in bāy. I will cover the peak of the roof with galvanized iron.    n. biyubungan The peak of a roof. batang biyubungan (comp.) n. Ridgepole. bubungkung n. A kind of indigenous confection.{Made from flour and ripe bananas with sugar and wrapped in a banana leaf.} (See Appendix 7: Kinds of Confections Served at Special Occasions) bubutan n. The passage (in the bottom of a boat) where the handle of the propeller connects to the engine. Subay makamdus in paghinang sin bubutan kappal. The passage where the handle of the propeller connects to the engine of a ship should be durably made. SYN. pamalung būd 1 n. A mountain. adj. mabūd Mountainous. Mabūd in hulaꞌ Bukidnon. Bukidnon is mountainous. vt. CH 1, CV 1, AR ag mag-; pat -un, hi-; ran -an. To heap or pile up (something). Būrun ku in buhangin

ha sawm bāy. I’ll pile up the sand under the house. Būran ta siya sin buhangin. We’ll pile sand on him. n. rdp. A hill. Cf.: pantayan pantay 2, bakūd. 2 vi. ST pat ma-. To be many, plenty, numerous, crowded, populous, swarming. Nabūd in sukal sin sanam. The sugar is swarming with ants. Nabūd in sīn niya ha bangkuꞌ. His money in the bank is plenty (i.e., he has lots of money). OV SYN. banus, taud Būd Jaytun n. The Mount of Olives. Kabākan in Būd Jaytun ha hulaꞌ Israil. The Mount of Olives is found in Israel. Būd Turusina n. Mount Sinai. Didtu ha Būd Turusina piyanaug sin Tuhan kan Nabi Musa in Parman niya. It was there at Mount Sinai that God gave his commandments to Moses. budbud n. A shank collar (of a bladed weapon). Bulawan in budbud sin kalis hi Panglima Ganih. The shank collar of the double-edged sword of Headman Ganih is of gold. SYN. baykaskas *budbud v. ag mag-; ran -an. To sprinkle (something) over (something else in small quantities, spoken of something solid, powdery, etc., but not liquid); give out quantities (of something, esp. money); discharge a volley (of bullets). Budburi naa tirigu in addun. First sprinkle some more flour on the mixture. Nagbudbud sīn in mayul ha timpu pagbutu. The mayor gave out sums of money (to the people) during election. Biyudburan sin pungluꞌ in tau yadtu kaagi sin sundalu saꞌ walaꞌ nahagin. The soldier shot that man with a volley of bullets, but the man wasn’t hurt. OV SYN. *balis buddi n. A debt of gratitude (which may not be demanded but which must be repaid). Subay mu tumtumun in buddi sin tau. You should remember a debt of gratitude. In buddi diꞌ kabayaran sīn. A debt of gratitude cannot be paid with money.    v. AR ag mag-; ran -an. To extend help, favor, service (to someone).{Any help, service, or favor extended becomes a debt of gratitude.} Subay mu buddihan in manga pangdaig bāy mu. You should extend help to your neighbors.    adj. mabuddi Helpful, of service (to someone). Mabuddi siya ha manga pangdaig bāy niya. He is helpful to those living beside his house. OV SYN. tabang, tulung 1 *buddut (var. burut) v. ag mag-. To pout and sulk (seen in one’s facial expression). Magbuddut siya bang

kapagꞌamahan. She sulks when she is chided. budjak n. A spear, lance, pike, javelin.    v. CH ag mang-, mag-; pat -un. To pierce or stab (something) with a spear or the like. Biyudjak niya in babuy talun. He speared the wild pig. OV SYN. sāpang budjang n. A girl past the age of puberty but unmarried, unmarried woman, virgin.    v. act -um-; pat ma-. (For a girl) to attain puberty. Walaꞌ pa nabudjang in anak niya. Her daughter has not yet attained puberty. Cf. subul 1    v. ag magpabudjang To act or behave like a young woman. Hindui in anak mu magpabudjang. Teach your daughter to behave like a young woman. OV SYN. dāga budjul n. An outward swelling or protuberance, bump (usu. caused by a sickness or infection). Pakitaan ha duktur in budjul sin anak mu. Have a doctor take a look at that bump on your child.    v. act/pat mag-. To develop a bulge. Magbudjul in ū sin anak niya bang makakaun iklug. Her child develops bulges on his head when he eats eggs.    adj. budjulan Having a lot of bumps or swellings. In tau budjulan yaun īipul. That man with lots of bumps has leprosy. OV SYN. butikul 1.1, bukul, busul, butig *budlay v. act mang-. To have morning sickness, experience the first stage of pregnancy. Mamudlay in kaibanan babai bang magburus. Some women have morning sickness when they get pregnant. OV SYN. pangiram budlung adv. Swiftly. Budlung na siya dimāgan pa bāy. He ran swiftly to the house.    v. ag mang-…-an. To run swiftly. Subay kaw mamudlungan bat kaw diꞌ abutan niya. You have to run swiftly so he won’t catch up with you. bugaꞌ n. Fear, timidity, apprehensiveness, anxiety, misgivings, mistrust, awe. Diꞌ siya makatūg dūm sin bugaꞌ niya. He can’t sleep at night because of his anxiety.    vt. CH 1 ag mang-; pat -un. To frighten, inspire or excite fear in, scare (someone); intimidate, terrorize, threaten, bully, discourage (someone). Biyugaꞌ niya aku magsundalu. He discouraged me from becoming a soldier. Bugaun ta siya bat diꞌ manakaw. We will frighten him so he won’t come here to steal. Ayaw mu aku pagbugaa. Don’t intimidate me.

   vi. ST pat -um-. To become frightened, scared, intimidated. Miyugaꞌ aku sin diyungug ku. I got scared by the news I heard.    adj. mabugaꞌ Fearful, afraid, timid, apprehensive, distrustful, living in dread or awe. Mabugaꞌ aku sumuuk ha tau yaun. I am afraid to approach that fellow. Ayaw kaw mabugaꞌ lumamud kāmuꞌ. Don’t be apprehensive about joining us. Mabugaꞌ siya magmaas. He is in awe of his parents (or some elder relatives).    n. bugaan A person who is characteristically afraid, fearful, timid, apprehensive, shaky, or fainthearted; a coward. Bugaan siya bang isa-isa niya. He’s a coward when he’s alone. OV SYN. dāhit, damag bugas n. (Husked) rice (before cooking). Pila karut bugas in naani niyu? How many sacks of rice were you able to harvest? Cf. pāy, kaunun kaun 2.2 bugaw1 1 v. ag mag-; pat -un. To repel, drive away, frighten away (as flies and animals). Biyugaw niya in sapiꞌ dayn ha halaman iskul. He drove the cattle away from the school yard. OV SYN. sigaꞌ 2 v. ag mag-, mang-; pat -un. To drive away (evil spirits by means of a magical verse). Kawaꞌ kaw mananawal mamugaw saytan. Get a medicine man to drive away the evil spirit. bugaw2 n. A pimp. Siya in bugaw sin manga babai mangiꞌ dī. She is the pimp of the lewd women here.    v. ag mag-. To procure women for lewd purposes or encourage an illicit affair with married people, become a pimp. Diꞌ sa yan magbugaw bang way bahagiꞌ niya. He won’t become a pimp if he has no share of the earnings. bugbug v. CH 1 ag mag-; pat -un. To cook (cereals [esp. rice]) in water (until quite thick). Bugbugun ku in bugas kan Utuꞌ. I will cook the rice in water for Sonny.    n. biyugbug Porridge (not as watery as mistang). Masūb in manga bataꞌ-bataꞌ magkaun biyugbug. The children are fond of eating porridge. OV SYN. kaunun kaun 2.2, mistang buggat (gimb. buꞌgat) 1.1 n. Weight, heaviness. Subay timbangun bat kaingatan in buggat sin luluwanan. We should weigh the cargo so we will know its weight. vt. pat -un. To weigh (something), feel the weight (of something by holding it in the hand). Buggata kunuꞌ in dublun ini. Feel the weight of this gold piece.

vi. ST pat -um-. To become weighty, heavy. adj. mabuggat Heavy, burdensome. Mabuggat in baul ini. This chest is heavy. ANT.: magaan gaan 1; Cf.: timbang 1.1. 1.2 v. ran ka-…-an. To be laden, loaded, heavily burdened (as with care and trouble). Kabuggatan sa kaw yan magbayad sin utang mu. You will be heavily burdened paying your debts. adj. mabuggat (Of problems, sorrow, or sins) weighty, heavy. Mabuggat in kasusahan niya. He has a heavy problem. 2 adj. mabuggat (With simud) reluctant (to say something). Mabuggat in simud niya magdihil sin halgaꞌ. He is reluctant to name a price. vi. exp -an. To feel ill at ease and hesitant (to do something). Biyuggatan aku tumulak adlaw yan. I feel ill at ease and hesitant to leave today. buggul n. Hunchback, a person who is hunchbacked. Marayaw kasuddahan in buggul yaun. That hunchback is kind. (See Appendix 8: Diseases)    v. pat ma-. To become a hunchback. Mabuggul sa kaw yan bang mu diꞌ pabuntulun in baran mu bābā kaw bataꞌ pa. You will become a hunchback if you don’t straighten your body while you are still young. SYN. kubaꞌ bughat v. pat -un. To have a relapse (of an illness). Subay maghali-hali in tau baꞌgu nasakit bat diꞌ bughatun. A person who has just recovered from illness must rest so he won’t have a relapse. *bugit 1 v. CV 1 ag mag-; pat hi-. To throw away, abandon, discard (something). Bugitan in sugal bang diꞌ na manjari hipagpanayam. Discard the card that you can’t play. Pakain mu hibugit in manga lummiꞌ yan? Where are you going to throw that dirt away? Hain mu tungud biyugit in bataꞌ? Where did you abandon the child? OV SYN. laruk, *tiluꞌ 1 2 v. RC ag mag-; pat hi-. For people to divorce (one another), (for a husband) to divorce (his wife). Magbugit na kita bang kita diꞌ da magsulut. Let’s divorce if we can’t get along together. Unu in piyamugitan niya kaymu? What made him divorce you? OV SYN. pagtallak *tallak bugnak n. A profuse flow of liquid, (as of sweat, blood, etc.).    v. pat -un; ran -an. To be affected by a profuse flow of liquid (as to perspire, hemorrhage, etc.). Biyugnak sin hulas in tau yaun sabab sin landuꞌ siya miyugaꞌ. The man is perspiring profusely

because of too much fear. Biyubugnakan duguꞌ in babai nagꞌanak. The woman who gave birth is hemorrhaging. bugnus v. AQ ag/goal mag-; pat -un. To unsheathe (something abruptly), pull out (something abruptly and with strong force). Bugnusa in kalis mu ampa kita magbunuꞌ. Unsheathe your kris and then we’ll fight. OV SYN. *larut, hublut bugsak1 v. act/pat -um-. [Usu. used with prefix pag-.] (For a newborn human or animal) to come out, be delivered. Pagbugsak sin bataꞌ-bataꞌ pa sikān miyatay in inaꞌ. After the child was delivered the mother died. bugsak2 v. ag mag-, mang-, -um-; pat hi-; ran -an. To spread or cast (a net over something, usu. fish, birds, or locusts, to capture them). Biyugsak nila in laya minsan malawm dagat. They cast the casting net even though the sea was deep. Biyugsakan nila laya in baanan istaꞌ ha higad jambatan. They spread the casting net on the school of fish beside the pier. bugsay 1 n. A single-bladed paddle for a boat. v. AR, TV ag mag-, -um-; goal -un; ran -an. To paddle (usu. a canoe). Bugsayan ta in bangkaꞌ pa Bangngas. Let’s paddle the canoe to Bangngas. Bugsayun ta in Tiyanggi. Let’s paddle to Jolo town. 2 v. TV ag mag-, -um-; goal -un. To travel (by sea). Kuꞌnu kaw mugsay pa Sandakan? When do you travel to Sandakan? OV SYN. tulakan tulak bugsay-bugsay n. Shoulder blade. Masakit in bugsay-bugsay ku ha pasal nakalanduꞌ in hinang. My shoulder blade is sore because of too much work. OV SYN. abaga, kūka bugsuꞌ v. CV 1 ag mag-; pat hi-. To entrust, turn over (something to someone). Bugsuan na in parkalaꞌ pa abugaw. Entrust the case to the lawyer. Hibugsuꞌ ku na kaymu in kawasa. I’ll turn the responsibility over to you. OV SYN. dihil, ungsud2 bugsuk n. A large woven rattan basket (for storing grain). Tawꞌan niyu in hangka-karut bugas ha bugsuk. You keep one sack of rice in a large woven rattan basket. OV SYN. ambung, bakag2, bakul1; GENR. tupungan tupung bugtang n. Something dead (of an immediate or instant death caused by any bladed weapon or firearm).

Pila in bugtang ha pagbunuan? How many dead people were there as a result of the skirmish?    v. pat ma-. To die. Agun-agun siya mabugtang sin sakit niya. He almost died of his sickness.    v. CH 1 ag mag-; pat -un. To kill (someone). Bugtangun sa kān sin banta mu. Your enemy will kill you. OV SYN. *pinsan, salak, lutang2, laglag, *ligis bugtuꞌ 1 vt. CH 1 ag mag-; pat -un. To break (something, as rope, thread, wire, or string). Bugtuun ku na in lubid. I’ll break the string. vi. pat ma-. (For rope, thread, wire, string, etc.) to break. OV SYN.: baliꞌ 1, bagbag 1, *sagpiꞌ, bagtiꞌ, *tigpuꞌ. 2 n. A break, interruption, omission or cut (of a part, as of movie film). Way bugtuꞌ sin pagsulat niya kākuꞌ. There is no break in his writing to me (i.e., he continually writes to me). Awn na bugtuꞌ sin sini yadtu. There is a cut in that movie. v. CH 1 ag mag-; pat -un. To break or cut off (something, fig. sense). Bugtuun ku na in pagtunang namuꞌ. I’ll break off our engagement. 3 v. act -um-. {Euph.} (With in napas) to die, pass away. Subay na mugtuꞌ in napas niya ampa īgan in uksijin. Don’t remove the oxygen till he passes away. OV SYN. patay 1, *lindung, *wapat magbugtuꞌ lanut/bannang (idiom) v. To end a friendship completely (lit. to break abaca/yarn, i.e., that broken abaca/yarn will have to be joined again before they will ever be reconciled). bugun n. Goiter. (See Appendix 8: Diseases)    v. ST pat -un. To have or develop a goiter. Laung nila diꞌ kaw bugunun bang kaw kumaun gamay. They say that you won’t develop goiter if you eat edible seaweeds. buhangin n. Sand. Maputiꞌ tuud in buhangin ha Tanduꞌ. the sand at Tanduꞌ beach is very white.    adj. mabuhangin Sandy. Mabuhangin tuud in lantay. The floor is very sandy. Cf. bunbun 1 buhat 1 v. CV 3 ag mag-; pat -un; goal/ben -an. To lift (something, esp. with effort), carry and serve (food on a brass tray [esp. during a reception, as a wedding or funeral]). Diꞌ ku mabuhat in tuung ini. I can’t lift up this crate. Buhata in bataꞌ-bataꞌ pa kulangan. Lift the child to the bed. Buhati madtu in manga luruk. Serve the guests. OV SYN. labut, *angkat 2 n. A customary binding of the abdomen of a pregnant woman (in the seventh month of pregnancy by a midwife).{Considered a special occasion. Guests are often invited to eat at the woman’s house.}

v. ag mag-; pat -un. To bind the abdomen (of a pregnant woman). Bang pitu bulan na in pagburus sin babai pagbuhatun na. In the seventh month of pregnancy a woman will have her abdomen bound. buhawiꞌ n. A waterspout, whirlwind (over water, drawing water up into the air). Narā in bāy hinda Anang sin buhawiꞌ. The house of Anang and her family was carried by the whirlwind. OV SYN. bulihuk, alimpūs buhiꞌ 1 adj. (Of an animate being) alive, living. Buhiꞌ pa ka hi apuꞌ usug? Is your grandfather still alive? n. kabuhianan Livelihood, subsistence. Marayaw na in kabuhianan nila ha Manilaꞌ. They have a good livelihood in Manila. vt. CH 1 ag mag-; pat -un. To provide subsistence (for someone), be the breadwinner. Aku in nagbuhiꞌ ha inaꞌ iban manga taymanghud ku. I am the breadwinner for mother and my brothers and sisters. vi. pat ma-. To live, survive, outlive. Siya da in nabuhiꞌ ha pagbunuan. He’s the only one who survived the fight. ANT.: patay 1. 2 adj. (Of water from a faucet) running, flowing; (of a light, a radio) on; (of an engine or motor) running. Buhiꞌ na in tubig. The water is now flowing (from the faucet). Buhiꞌ in makina sin awtu. The car’s engine is running. v. CH 1 ag mag-; pat -un. To start (an engine or motor), turn on (the light, radio), start (a fire, etc.). Buhia in ilaw. Turn on the light. ANT.: matay derv. patay, tambul 1. 3 adj. (Of fish) fresh. ANT. tahay 2 buhuk n. Hair (of the human head). In buhuk mu kulung. Your hair is curly. Cf. bahibu būk (Eng.) n. A book. Cf. kitab buka v. ag mag-; pat hi-. To make (something) known (esp. something concealed), publicly disclose or expose (a scandal). Biyuka niya sin nagbabayaꞌ in mastal iban mulid niya. He publicly exposed that the teacher had an illicit affair with his student. OV SYN. tanyag, mahalayak buka-buka n. Flying lizard. (See Appendix 1: Birds and Flying Insects) bukaꞌ1 1 vi. ST pat -um-. To crack open, split open of itself (as fruit, ground, cement). Mukaꞌ in lupaꞌ dī bang panuga. The ground here cracks open during the summer. Cf.: lutang1 1.

vt. CH 1 ag mag-; pat -un. To split (something) open (esp. fish in order to dry it), show one’s cards (in gambling). Bukaun ku na in istaꞌ. I’ll split open and dry the fish. biyukaꞌ (derv.) n. Dried fish (prepared by splitting the fish open before drying). 2 v. ag -um-, mag-. To break a fast (esp. the fast during Ramadan), eat the sunset meal (during Ramadan). Mukaꞌ aku lisag unum. I’ll break my fast at six. adj. Not fasting. Bukaꞌ aku. I’m not fasting. n. pagbubukaꞌ The evening meal (during the month of Ramadan). bukaꞌ2 n. A hoop, large bracelet. Bulawan in piyaghinang sin bukaꞌ niya. Her large bracelet is made of gold. *bukadkad v. act -um-. (For a liquid) to be at a rolling boil, seethe. Tagari na mukadkad in tubig ampa mu pataya in laga. Wait for the water to be at a rolling boil, then put out the fire. OV SYN. bukal bukag n. Loud talking (of people), loud noises (of animals). Nakalanduꞌ in bukag sin iruꞌ kabii. The dogs were very noisy last night.    adj. mabukag Noisy (of people talking or animals chattering, barking). Mabukag tuud in manga tau ha tabuꞌ. The people at the market are noisy.    v. CV 2 ag mag-; pat hi-. [Goal is not focused.] To noise about, make known. Hibukag ku in biyaytaꞌ mu kākuꞌ. I’ll make known what you told me. OV SYN. hibuk bukal n. Bubble, foam, froth, lather.    v. act mag-. To bubble, foam, froth. Nagbukal na in tubig. The water is bubbling.    adj. mabukal Lathery, sudsy, bubbly. Mabukal in sabun ini. This soap is sudsy. bukān n. A name given to several wrasse fishes. Malanab in istaꞌ bukān kaunun sumagawaꞌ mabisa bang makatunuk. Wrasse fish is tasty to eat but when it pricks it’s very painful. family Labridae (See Appendix 2: Fish and Swimming Marine Creatures) bukāyuꞌ n. Coconut candy (made from strips of coconut [butung] mixed with brown sugar).    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To make coconut candy. Bī kaw butung maas, magbukāyuꞌ kita. Buy a mature coconut (and) we’ll make coconut candy. OV SYN. hintiꞌ

bukis n. A stain (on one’s character or reputation). Bang awn na bukis sin ngān mahunit mu na lanuan. If we have a stain on our name, it’s hard to clean it.    v. ST ran ka-…-an. To get a stain on (one’s) character or reputation. In budjang subay maayad ha baran ha supaya diꞌ kabukisan. A young unmarried girl must be careful of herself so that she doesn’t get a stain on her reputation. SYN. tamak-tawktuk, tamak 2 buklad v. ag mag-; pat -un. To spread out, open, unroll (as an umbrella, flower, sail, hand). Buklara in lima mu. Open your hand. OV SYN. ukab 1, *hiklad bukluꞌ vi. pat ma-. (For the knee or elbow) to bend involuntarily. Bang kita hiyapdiꞌ na tuud, maluhay na mabukluꞌ in tuhud ta. If we are very hungry, it’s easy for our knee to bend involuntarily.    vt. ag mang-; pat -un. To bend one’s leg or arm (at the knee or elbow). Bang kita biyabanhud, minsan ta bukluun in buktun ta, kahunitan tuud kita. If (our arm) is numb, even to bend it, we have a hard time (i.e., it’s hard to bend it). buktun 1 n. An arm (of a person). In buktun ku masakit. My arm is sore. (See Appendix 6: The Parts of the Body) 2 n. A sleeve (of a garment). In buktun badjuꞌ ku gisiꞌ. My shirt sleeve is torn. buku 1 n. A knot, node. Badbara in buku. Untie the knot. Utura in patung dayn ha buku niya. Cut the bamboo on the node. v. CH 1 ag mag-; pat -un. To tie a knot (in something). Bukuhun ku in tanud. I’ll knot the thread. 2 n. An amulet.{In the form of a string or cord consisting of a number of knots where the magical words, phrases or verses are contained.} OV SYN. hampan, habay-habay, manik 1, papakan buku-buku siki n. Ankle bone. Cf. kānting (See Appendix 6: The Parts of the Body) bukug n. A bone.    adj. mabukug Bony. Mabukug in istaꞌ ini. This fish is bony.    v. ST exp ka-…-an. To have a bone stuck in one’s throat. Ay, kiyabukugan aku! Ouch, I have a bone stuck in my throat! Makabukug in istaꞌ. Fish can cause a bone to stick in one’s throat. bukul n. A bud (of a flower), swelling (on the body). Piyusuꞌ niya in bukul sin sumping. He picked the

bud of the flower.    v. act mag-. To put forth buds, begin to bud. Magbukul na in sumping. The flower is budding.    adj. mabukul Having swellings or bumps on one’s body. Mabukul in bayhuꞌ niya. His face has swellings on it. OV SYN. bintul, busul bukun (gimb. bukuꞌ) adv. [Negates nouns, pronouns, adjectives, and entire statements.] Not, no. Marayaw tau ka siya? Bukun! Is he a good person? No! Bukun aku in nagdusa kaniya. It was not I who wronged him. OV SYN. diꞌ, way 1, walaꞌ, ayaw bula v. ag mag-; pat hi-. To eject or spit (something) from the mouth (forcefully, as water or betel nut chew). Bulahan in mamaꞌ mu. Spit out your betel nut chew. Biyula ku in kakaun dayn ha simud ku sabab mapait. I ejected the food from my mouth because it was bitter. OV SYN. luraꞌ būla n. A ball.    v. ag mag-. To play with a ball. Maingat na siya magbūla. He knows how to play with a ball. būla-būla n. A cramp in the leg.    v. pat -un. To have a cramp in the leg. Diꞌ aku makapanaw biyūla-būla aku. I can’t walk, I have a cramp in my leg. bulaꞌ n. Split bamboo (used in fencing, flooring, etc.). In bulaꞌ kiyapagꞌād sin halaman. The split bamboo was used in fencing the yard.    v. CH 1 ag mag-; pat -un. To split (bamboo) into strips. Bulaun ku in patung katān hipagꞌād. I will split all the bamboo for the fence. OV SYN. *sipak bulaꞌdas (gimb. *muꞌdas) v. act mang-. To become wan, pallid, pale. Namumulaꞌdas in pamayhuan niya. His face has become pale. OV SYN. haꞌway, putiꞌ bulabug n. A slip of sweet potato plant. Tiyanum ku in bulabug ha taykud sin bāy. I planted the slip of sweet potato in the backyard. (See Appendix 5: Plants) bulag n. An eye disease in which the lens becomes opaque, causing partial or total blindness, cataract. Awn bulag sin mata niya. His eyes are affected by cataracts. (See Appendix 8: Diseases)    v. ran -an. To develop a cataract. Bulagan sa kān! You’ll get a cataract! Cf. buta, libat 1

bulagas n. Spring tides, strong tidal currents and wide tidal range associated with spring tides. bulahaw 1 adj. (Of sight) blurred. Bulahaw in pangitaꞌ ku. My sight is blurred. v. act mang-. (For one’s vision) to become blurred. 2 adj. (Of hair) blond, (of eyes) blue. Bulahaw in mata sin Milikan yan. That American has blue eyes. bulak adj. Young or unripe (esp. of fruit). Miyusuꞌ aku bulak kapaya. I picked an unripe papaya. OV SYN. hilaw bulākaw 1 n. A meteor, comet, shooting star. Nakakitaꞌ aku bulākaw kabii. I saw a meteor last night. 2 adj. bulākawan Hysterical (esp. when angry). Hi Abdul bulākawan bang iyaamahan. Abdul is hysterical when he’s angry. OV SYN. bungis bulakbul adj. Truant (of a child who stays away from school without leave). Mangiꞌ ha bataꞌ in bulakbul ha pagꞌiskul niya. It’s not good for a child to be truant in his studies. bulan 1 n. The moon. In bulan amu na in sapantun ilaw bang dūm. The moon is just like a light at night. 2 n. A month. Pila bulan na kaw bihaun? How many months is your pregnancy? (i.e., how far along are you?) adv. bulan-bulan Every month. adj. biyulanan Involving a period of time of more than one month. Biyulanan hi Utuꞌ ha panawan. Junior’s trip was a matter of months. THE MONTHS OF THE MUSLIM CALENDAR 1st

Muharram

2nd

Sappal

3rd

Rabiyul Awal

4th

Rabiyul Ahil

5th

Jumadil Awal

6th

Jumadil Ahil

7th

Rajab

8th

Saꞌban

9th

Ramadan

10th

Sawwa

11th

Julkaidda

12th

Julhadjiꞌ

3 v. pat -un. To menstruate. Bulanun in manga babai bang sangput na. Girls reaching the age of maturity will menstruate. bulan tayꞌtiꞌ (see Saꞌban) n. The month in which graves are cleaned and sprinkled with water.{The custom is somewhat similar in intent and practice to All Saints or All Souls Day, and similar to American Memorial Day in which the graves are cleaned, etc. The day has deep religious significance and prayers are said in behalf of the dead. Many return to their home places to keep bulan tayꞌtiꞌ. The day on which ceremonies are held is usu. 1-3 days before Ramadan fast begins. In North Ubian it is held the day before Ramadan.} OV SYN. nispu bulansang n. A process of bathing to make (oneself or someone) brave (esp. in committing suicide). Liguun ta kaw bulansang bat kaw umisug. I’ll bathe you with the process to make you brave. OV SYN. liguꞌ, payguꞌ bulang n. A (metal) spur put on fighting cocks, gaff. Taga lassun in bulang biyutang niya ha manuk. The spur he put on the cock has poison. Cf. tahud    n. bulangan A cockpit (for cockfighting). Mataud tau ha bulangan bang Ahad. Their are many people at the cockpit on Sundays. SYN. tarik    v. ag mag-, mang-. To stage a cockfight. Matagi siya magbulang. He is fond of cockfighting.

   n. magbubulang A cockfighting enthusiast. In magbubulang masūb pa bulangan. A cockfight enthusiast loves to go to a cockpit.    adj. bubulang (With manuk) game(cock). Makusug lumupad in manuk bubulang. The gamecock is strong in flying. OV SYN. *takbiꞌ 1 bularas adj. Spending too much, extravagant, wasteful. Bularas in tau yan ha sīn. That man is extravagant in (spending) money. bularut n. A carbuncle.{A painful pus-bearing inflamation of the tissue beneath the skin more severe than a boil and having several openings.} OV SYN. bawtut bulas 1 n. Seminal fluid, the secretion from under the prepuce.{Smegma, the white odorous accumulation found under the foreskin of the penis [esp. of children who have not yet been circumcised].} 2 adj. Cowardly. Bulas hi amaꞌ mu bang kaw diꞌ umatu kākuꞌ. Your father is cowardly if you can’t fight with me. n. bulasan A coward (derogatory word used to insult or provoke someone to anger). bulat 1 adj. (Of the human eyes) open. Bulat pa in mata niya. Her eyes are still open. v. ag -um-, mag-; pat -un. To open (the eyes). Bulata in mata mu! Open your eyes! OV SYN.: ukab 1. 2 v. [Used with prefix pag.] (For the morning) to dawn, (for the sun) to rise. Pagbulat sin mata suga limayag na kami. We sailed at sunrise. Pagbulat mahinaat wayruun na sila duun. When morning dawned they were no longer there. 3 v. ag maka-. To open (someone’s heart or understanding). Siya in nakabulat sin atay ku pa karayawan. He was the one who opened my heart to goodness. n. kiyabulatan Realization. In kiyabulatan sin mata ku sila in inaꞌ-amaꞌ ku. When realization came to me I regarded them as my parents. bulatas adj. Joined, connected (without any barrier). In sapaꞌ ini bulatas pa dagat. This river is connected to the sea. OV SYN. langkus, langkit bulaug n. A ne’er-do-well, good-for-nothing person, prodigal; delinquent.    adj. Wayward, mischievous, naughty, delinquent, degenerate, unruly.

   v. ag mag-. To behave in such a good-for-nothing manner. Way hinang niya dugaing dayn sin nagbulaug hadja. He has nothing to do except to behave in an unruly manner. bulawan n. Gold. Mahalgaꞌ in bulawan bihayaun. Gold is expensive nowadays. Kulang na in tau bihaun awn ipun bulawan. There are but few people nowadays who have teeth of gold. Cf. sussuk1 , kumpul 3    n. pamulawan Gold, jewelry. Mataud pamulawan hi babuꞌ Napsa. Aunt Napsa has plenty of jewelry. bulbul n. Fur, hair (of animals); feathers; the hair of the armpit.    adj. bulbulan/mabulbul Hairy, furry, feathered. Bīhi aku manta bulbulan. Buy me a furry blanket. OV SYN. bahibu buliꞌ 1 n. Bottom (esp. the anatomical part of the body [the buttocks], also of a can or pot); the rear end (of a bus or boat). Lingkud kaw ha ūan bat diꞌ sumakit in buliꞌ mu. Sit on the pillow so your buttocks won’t get sore. Butangan in luwan ha buliꞌ sin tarak. Put the luggage at the rear end of the truck. OV SYN.: duhul. v. pat pa-…-un. To place something at the bottom. Subay pabuliun in manga labban mabuggat. You should place the heavy boxes at the bottom. 2 n. A double meaning (of something spoken). Awn buliꞌ sin bichara niya. What he says has a double meaning. 3 v. ran -an. To say (something) soothing after saying (something) hurting (to someone’s feelings so as to avert any misunderstanding or hard feelings). Subay mu bulian in bichara mu bat siya diꞌ dugalan. You should say soothing words after what you just said so he won’t be angry. bulig n. A bunch or cluster (of bananas on a central stalk), stalk (of bananas). Kahapun nakabī kami hangka-bulig sayng. We bought a stalk of bananas yesterday. OV SYN. sipiꞌ buligaꞌ n. A stone or any hardened thing (taken from an animal or plant), good luck charm (said to have magical power). In buligaꞌ makarihil sukud ha tagdapu. A good luck charm brings fortune to its owner. bulihuk n. A large whirlpool. Makusug tuud in bulihuk sin dagat ha Bitinan. The whirlpool at Bitinan is very violent.    v. act mag-. To develop into a whirlpool. Nagbulihuk in dagat. The ocean whirlpooled. OV SYN.

buhawiꞌ buling n. Charcoal. Buling ugab in pagꞌusalun bang magpilinsa. Charcoal from coconut shells is used for ironing.    vt. AR ag mag-; ran -an. To smear (something) with charcoal. Biyulingan niya in bayhuꞌ sin bataꞌ. He smeared the child’s face with charcoal.    vi. ST exp ka-…-an. To be or become smeared with charcoal. Ayaw kaw magkaput sin kahaꞌ kabulingan kaw. Don’t touch the frying pan, you’ll become smeared with charcoal. bulingkag v. act -um-, mang-. To have goose pimples or goose flesh, (for one’s hair) to stand on end. Mamulingkag in bahibu mu bang kaw makakitaꞌ lutaw. Your hair will stand on end if you see a ghost. OV SYN. tindug 1.1 bulīru (var. of aburidu) adj Mentally or emotionally upset. bulitik n. Dried resin (of certain trees used in repairing or sealing boats). bulitmanuk n. A (skin) rash caused by an allergy to chicken meat. Awn bulitmanuk ha ginpaisan ku. There is a rash caused by an allergy to chicken meat appearing on my skin. OV SYN. kākas (See Appendix 8: Diseases) bullat adj. Having wide, protruding eyes; pop-eyed. Biyaꞌ mata lukluk in tau bullat. A pop-eyed person has eyes like an owl. ANT. pirut bulsa n. A pocket.    v. AR ag mag-; ran -an. To make a pocket (as on a dress). Bulsahi in badjuꞌ hi Utuꞌ. Put a pocket on Utu’s shirt. bulsit (Tag.) adj. Annoying, bad luck, jinx. Bulsit tuud in maas ini, naglalata sadja. This old woman is annoying. She is always nagging. Bulsit in babai ini. This woman is a jinx in my life.    v. act mag-. To bring or cause bad luck. Magbulsit sadja in tau ini kākuꞌ. This man is always bringing me bad luck. Makabulsit in pagpanayam ha pagꞌusaha mu. Gambling will bring bad luck to your business.

bulu n. The barrel (of a gun). Malagguꞌ in bulu sin pistul ini. The barrel of this pistol is big. *buluk binasa v. ag mag-. To exert all effort (to do something). Subay kita magbuluk binasa bat ta makawaꞌ in maksud ta. We should exert all effort in order to obtain our objective. bululang n. A large wooden box with eye-catching designs.{Used for storing clothing, jewelry, land titles and other portable cherished items.} OV SYN. baul bulut n. Orchitis (inflammation of the testicles). In tau taga bulut diꞌ makapanaw marayaw. A person with inflammation of the testicles can’t walk well. buluy (gimb. buꞌluy) adj. (Of animals) loose, free. Buluy hadja in manga sattuwa ha gimba. Animals in the country are loose.    v. ag maka-. To get free. Tambula in pagal, makabuluy in manuk. Close the pen, the chicken might get free. Cf. paguy    v. CV 1 ag mag-; pat hi-. To set free, let loose (animals in a pen or cage). Hibuluy ku in iruꞌ dūm ini. I’ll let the dog loose tonight. bumba1 (gimb. gumba1) n. A pump.    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To pump (water, air, etc.). Magbumba aku tubig hipamayguꞌ. I’ll pump water for bathing. Bumbahun ku in tubig dayn ha lunggang. I’ll pump the water from the artesian well. Bumbahan ta kaw tubig. I’ll pump water for you. bumba2 (Eng.) n. A bomb.    v. ag mag-; ran -an. To bomb (something or a place). Kiyabumbahan in Parang sin jīt. Parang was bombed by a jet. Bumbay n. {Not commonly used} An Indian (from India), a Hindu. SYN. Banggali bunaꞌ n. A type of small working knife. Marayaw tuud hipaghinang in bunaꞌ bang mahayt. It’s very good to use the small working knife for working when it’s sharp. OV SYN. laring, utak, janap, lahut, pisaw bunbun 1 n. Very fine grayish sand.{Usu. under the coral sand of the ocean. When playing, children often

use it to make balls of sand to throw at each other.} OV SYN. buhangin 2 n. (cap.) The name of a community on the north coast of Jolo Island. Mataud manga bataꞌ magpamayguꞌ ha Bunbun. There are so many children bathing at Bunbun. bundan adj. (Of a goat) male, billy. Mahabaꞌ in janggut sin kambing bundan. The beard of the billy goat is long. Cf. mandangan 1 bunnal adj. True. Bukun bunnal in baytaꞌ. The news is not true.    n. kabunnalan The truth. Way siya namaytaꞌ sin kabunnalan. He didn’t tell the truth. Cf. tuud    v. pat ma-. (For someone’s statement) to come true. Nabunnal in baytaꞌ niya kaina sin maaksidinti sila. What he said earlier today, that they would have an accident, came true.    v. ran ka-…-an. (For someone who has denied doing something) to be found out. Ayaw kaw magputing bat bang ikaw in nagkawaꞌ gana-gana kabunnalan kaw. Don’t lie because if you were the one who took it you might be found out. sabunnal (derv.) v. To assert to be true; confess (as a fault or crime). bunsi n. Hatred, abhorrence, detestation, rancor. In bunsi ku ha tau yan dayn sin tagnaꞌ pa. My hatred for that fellow was from the first.    v. act -um-; goal -an. To feel hatred, abhorrence, detestation, rancor. In tau bunsihan kaymu bang mangiꞌ in addat mu. People will feel hatred toward you if your character is bad.    v. ran ka-…-an. To hate or become angry at (someone). In bataꞌ bulaug amu in kabunsihan sin mastal. A naughty child is hated by the teacher.    adj. mabunsi Having or characterized by hate, abhorrence, or detestation. Mabunsi aku ha tau maabbu. I detest a boastful fellow. OV SYN. amā, astul, dugal, agut1 , bungis *bunsuwang n. The flow or stream (of a liquid). Makusug in bunsuwang sin tubig dayn ha pansul. The flow of water from the faucet is heavy.    v. act mag-, -um-. ran ka-…-an. To gush out (continuously), shoot out in a stream (as of liquid, blood or gases). Nagbunsuwang in tubig dayn ha tūbu nabaliꞌ. The water gushed out from the broken pipe. Miyunsuwang in duguꞌ dayn ha paliꞌ niya. The blood shot out from his wound. OV SYN. pangsut *buntal adj. mabuntal Fully round or spherical, (as of rolls, eggs, certain vegetables, the moon, or certain

types of indigenous confections). Mabuntal in katibuuk sin bangbang palikambing yan. The shape of that goat’s-testicle-shaped confection is fully spherical. OV SYN. tibulung būntang vi. act mag-. (For something) to be stretched out or displayed. Kītaꞌ ku nagbubūntang ha dān in tau miyamatay. I saw a dead person stretched out on the road.    vt. ag mag-; pat hi-, -un. To stretch out (something so as) to display it more fully or to cover more space. Būntangan in lubid dayn dī madtu pa kahuy yaun. Stretch out the rope to display it from here to that tree. OV SYN. *hantal buntuꞌ n. A swelling (of certain parts of the body).{Caused by certain diseases such as beri-beri and elephantiasis.}    adj. Swollen. Buntuꞌ na in mata niya ha pagtangisan. Her eyes are swollen from crying.    v. act mang-. To swell (as the result of certain diseases). Mamuntuꞌ in biꞌtis bang awn biri-biri mu. Your legs will swell if you have beriberi. OV SYN. budjul, busul, hubag buntul 1 adj. Straight (as of a line, a direction), erect (as of posture). Bukun buntul in pagbutang sin manga sīya. The chairs are not arranged in a straight line. vt. ag mag-; pat -un. To straighten (something). Magbuntul aku sin tubu tubig namuꞌ bīngkuk sin bataꞌ. I’ll straighten our water pipe, it was bent by a child. vi. ST pat -um-. (For an object) to become straight. n. kabuntulan The quality or condition of being straight. 2.1 adj. Upright, honest, sincere. Buntul siya ha hinang niya. He is honest in his work. In tau buntul diꞌ magputing. An upright man doesn’t tell lies. OV SYN.: tulid1 1. v. act -um-. (For a person) to become honest, upright. n. kabuntulan The quality or condition of being upright, honest, sincere; the strict application (of something). Agarun ta in kabuntulan sin saraꞌ. We will follow the strict application of the law. 2.2 v. goal -an. To say or tell (something) directly, without equivocation, frankly. Buntulan ta kaw sin ha lawm atay ku. I’ll tell you frankly what’s on my heart. OV SYN. *tumlang, tulid1 1 buntul atay n. Honesty. (See atay for table.)    adj. mabuntul atay Honest. Tau mabuntul atay in tūp pangandulan dumā sin hinang unu-unu na. An honest person is the one fit to be trusted to lead in any kind of work.

bunuꞌ n. Fighting, killing.    v. CH 1 ag mag-, mang-; pat -un; ran pag-…-an. To kill (someone maliciously), murder (someone; also used in cursing); fight (with the intention of killing). Bunua in banta mu. Kill your foe. Bang man kaw mabunuꞌ da. I hope you get killed.    v. pat hipabunuꞌ To ask (someone) to kill or murder (someone else). Hipabunuꞌ niya in atu niya magdāgan mayul. He’ll have his contender for the mayoralty killed.    n. pagbunuan Fight, battle, war. Miyatay siya ha pagbunuan. He died in the battle.    n. piyagbunuan Reason for fighting. Pasal lupaꞌ in piyagbunuan nila. Their reason for fighting was land.    n. mamumunuꞌ A killer, murderer. In tau mamumunuꞌ way sukuꞌ niya ha surgaꞌ. A murderer has no place in heaven. OV SYN. patay 1 bunuk-bunuk n. A shower, drizzle, sprinkle. Subay kaw magpayung bunuk-bunuk bihaun. You should carry an umbrella, there’s a sprinkle (i.e., it’s sprinkling).    v. none mag-. To drizzle. Bang magbunuk-bunuk ayaw na buwara in diyakdakan. If it drizzles don’t hang the washing (on the clothesline). SYN. tūk-tūk bunut 1 n. A coconut husk. Bunut in pagꞌusalun paglanuꞌ lantay. A coconut husk is used for cleaning the floor. v. AR ag mag-; ran -an. To remove the husk (of a coconut). Bunutan ku in lahing. I’ll remove the husk of the coconut. (See niyug for table.) 2 v. AR ag mag-; ran -an. To scrub (esp. the floor using a coconut husk). Magbunut aku lantay adlawadlaw. I scrub the floor every day. bunut basaꞌ (comp.) v. Invulnerable, cannot be injured by any deadly weapon. In tau bunut basaꞌ diꞌ ūkun sin pungluꞌ. An invulnerable man cannot be injured by a bullet. SYN. kubulan būng adj. mabūng [Used only with pangatud.] Dizzy. būngan mata (comp.) adj. To become dizzy; (for one’s vision) to become blurred and darkened. Bang kaw hiyahapdiꞌ, būngan kaw mata. If you are hungry, you will become dizzy. OV SYN. hilu 1 bunga1 1.1 n. (Any) fruit. Unu in bunga sin kahuy ini? What is the fruit of this tree?

v. act mag-. To bear fruit. Pilaa in kahuy diꞌ magbunga. Cut down the tree that doesn’t bear fruit. bungang-kahuy (comp.) n. The fruit of any tree. In nangkaꞌ diꞌ magbunga marang. (saying) n. Like produces like (lit. A jackfruit will not bear marang). 1.2 n. The immature nut of the areca palm tree (used in betel nut chewing). Way nanam sin mamaꞌ bang way bunga. The prepared betel nut chew has no taste if there is no immature areca palm nut. Cf. pula2, mamaꞌ 2 n. The result or effect (of an action); fruit. v. act/pat mag-. To have an effect or result, bring forth fruit. In hinang mangiꞌ diꞌ magbunga marayaw. Bad deeds don’t bear good fruit. bunga simud (comp.) v. The subject of (people’s) bad talk. In hinang nila mangiꞌ amu na in bunga simud sin manga tau. Their wrongdoing became the subject of people’s bad talk. bunga hulas (comp.) v. Heat rash. Makatul tuud in taykud ku sin bunga hulas. My back is really itchy because of heat rash. bunga paliꞌ (comp.) v. Scar. bunga2 n. A design, print (of cloth). Mabayaꞌ aku sin bunga sin kakanaꞌ yan. I like the print of that cloth. bunga jakkum n. Adam’s apple. Kamatauran sin usug matampal in bunga jakkum nila. The Adam’s apple of most men is easily seen. bunga suga n. Cicada. Mahibuk in manga bunga suga bang mapasuꞌ in suga. The cicadas are noisy when the sun is very hot. (See Appendix 1: Birds and Flying Insects) bunga-bunga n. The calf of the leg. Kiyugdan siya sin pungluꞌ ha bunga-bunga. A bullet hit him on the calf of his leg. Cf. biꞌtis (See Appendix 6: The Parts of the Body) bungang-kahuy n. The fruit of any tree (bananas, papaya, and coconuts are not considered trees). Mataud bungang-kahuy bihayaun ha tabuꞌ. There are many fruits in the market now. bungat v. CV 2 ag mang-, -um-; pat hi-. To utter or speak out (something); start to speak. Diꞌ aku makabungat sin kabayaan ku. I can’t utter what I want to say. Hibungat ku kaymu in kabayaan ku hibissara. I’ll speak out to you what I want to say.

bungbung n. A shank (of a bladed cutting instrument). Ayaw mu pukpuka in pūhan sin utak yan mabaliꞌ in bungbung. Don’t strike the handle of that bolo, the shank will break. bungis n. Sternness, harshness, severity, cruelty.    adj. mabungis Stern, harsh, strict, severe. Mabungis tuud in mastal yan. That teacher is very stern.    v. ag mag-; goal -an. To be severe, harsh, or stern (with someone). Subay bukun kaw magbungis sadja ha manga tau. You shouldn’t always be harsh with people. Biyungisan sin mastal in anak mulid niya. The teacher was harsh with his student. OV SYN. amā, dugal, astul bungkal1 n. A ball (of tobacco). Pila sīn in hangka-bungkal tabakuꞌ? How much is a ball of tobacco?    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To roll (tobacco) into a ball. Bungkala in tabakuꞌ. Roll the tobacco into a ball. bungkal2 1 v. ag mag-; pat -un. To dig up (the ground or something out of the ground). Bungkala in altaꞌ liyulubung. You dig up the buried treasure. OV SYN. kaliꞌ, kalut, *kadkad, *lungkad 2 v. ag mag-; pat -un. To dig out or mention (past events, usu. something unpleasant). Ayaw na magbungkal sin bakas kahālan niya. Don’t be mentioning her past experiences. OV SYN. sabbut, *bangkil *bungkuꞌ v. act maka-; ran ka-…-an. To trip, stumble, miss (one’s) step (in walking). Agak-agak kaw manaw bat kaw diꞌ makabungkuꞌ. Walk slowly so you won’t stumble.    n. bungkuan Something on which one stumbles. Cf. duꞌduꞌ, *ligad, muꞌmuꞌ bungkuꞌ-bungkuꞌ v. ag mag-; pat -un. To stumble in speech, speak haltingly, stammer. Bang kaw magbassa, ayaw kaw magbungkuꞌ-bungkuꞌ. When you read don’t stammer. *bungkul v. pat -un; exp (rare) ka-…-an. To get a lump of food caught in the esophagus. Biyubungkul aku! I have something caught in my throat! OV SYN. buskaw bungkus v. ag mag-; ran -an, -un. [No difference in meaning between -un and -an.] To wrap (something) around (something else), cover (something) with (something else, often fish or vegetables with flour). Nagbungkus aku sin manta kabii sabab mahaggut. I wrapped the sheet around myself last night because it was cold. Biyungkus ku hi Utuꞌ sin manta. I covered Sonny with a blanket.

bunglaw v. ag mag-, mang-; ran -an. To rinse in fresh water (as after swimming in the sea), rinse (something clean after soaping it, as clothes, kitchenwares). Bunglaw na kaw bang kaw ubus na namayguꞌ dagat. Rinse in fresh water when you are finished swimming in the ocean. Biyunglawan ku na in manga diyakdakan. I have rinsed the washing already. Tubig kaliꞌ in hipamunglaw ku. I’ll use the water from the well for my rinsing (i.e., final bathing). OV SYN. hugas 1    n. bubunglaw Dessert, anything that serves as a finale. Sayng in bubunglaw taniyu pagꞌubus kumaun. We’ll have bananas for dessert. Yari in kalangan bubunglaw hipasampay pa kaniyu katān. For our finale here is a song dedicated to everybody. *bungsu adj. kabungsuhan The youngest or last offspring, last born. Siya in anak ku kabungsuhan. He is my youngest child. SYN. kamanghuran manghud bungsud n. A circular fish corral (usu. made of bamboo fencing strung between coconut poles designed with two wings to channel the fish into the enclosure).{Used in coastal waters. The fish are trapped as divers pull the flexible bamboo netting across the opening, making the enclosure smaller and smaller. A school of fish can then be harvested by means of a giant basket previously placed in the bottom of the enclosure. When pulled to the surface the fish are caught in the basket.}    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To make or operate a fish corral. Magbungsud sila ha Sulari. They will operate their fish corral in Sulari. bungtas n. Extreme hunger. Mataud matay bungtas bang way na makaun. Many will die of extreme hunger if there’s no food to eat.    v. pat -un. To become extremely hungry. Bungtasun kaw bang way na kakaun mu. You’ll become extremely hungry if you have no food. Makabungtas in mapalis. Being stranded without food causes extreme hunger. OV SYN. hapdiꞌ, gutum bungug adj. Dull (of mind), having much difficulty in learning or understanding anything with slight complexities, mentally slow. Subay marayaw in paghinduꞌ ha manga bataꞌ iskul bungug. The dull pupils must be taught well. OV SYN. dupang, kiliꞌ, kulang-kulang kulang2 2, asmak, julup, babbal bungul1 n. A tumor. In bungul niya magsusulig. His tumor is growing bigger.    v. pat -un. To have or develop a tumor. Hariin in tau amu in biyubungul? Where is the person with

the tumor? OV SYN. butig, hubag bungul2 adj. Deaf-mute. Hangkan siya diꞌ makarungug sabab bungul. He is deaf-mute that’s why he can’t hear. In tau bungul minsan da matanug in bissara mu diꞌ da karungugan. A deaf-mute person can’t hear even though you speak loudly. OV SYN. bisu bunyi-bunyi v. ag mag-; ran -an. To be festive and full of gaiety, have fun; give (someone) fun (as a party). Magbunyi-bunyi kitaniyu bang aku dumaug magpanayam. We’ll have fun if I win this game.    n. pagbunyi-bunyi A festival, entertainment. OV SYN. lami-lami lami bunyug v. ag mag-, -um-. To go to a place with someone, come along with (someone). Munyug na aku kaymu. I’ll come along with you. OV SYN. dungan, dūraꞌ, agad 1 burak n. Face powder.{A special whitening powder made from rice flour, turmeric root, and certain leaves such as papaya leaves. It is mixed with a small amount of water and applied as a mask for its cosmetic effect.}    v. AR ag mag-; ran -an. To apply (something) on the face (as face powder or cream). Burakan ta kaw. I’ll apply powder to your face. Burakan ku in bayhuꞌ mu. I will apply powder on your face. būras n. A rattan mat.{Often painted with bright designs and used as a headboard above the bed and pillows.} OV SYN. baluy; Cf. biray burda n. Embroidery.    v. AR ag mag-; ran -an. To embroider (something, e.g., a pillow case). Biyurdahan niya kākuꞌ in punda ini. She embroidered this pillow case for me. buriga (Tag.) n. A storehouse, warehouse. Subay tawꞌun na in manga bugas naani pa buriga. We should keep the harvested rice in the warehouse.    v. ag mag-; inst/ran pag-…-an. To use (something) as a storehouse or warehouse. Pagburigahan namuꞌ in bilik ini. We will make this room into a storehouse. OV SYN. kamalig, antib burrak n. The legendary griffin-like animal on which the Prophet Muhammad made his journey to heaven.

buruk n. A disease of the scalp (common in small children, characterized by small sores). (See Appendix 8: Diseases)    v. pat -un. To be afflicted with a disease of the scalp. Bang ta diꞌ pagsabunan in buhuk ta, burukun kita. If we don’t wash our hair with soap we will get a disease of the scalp. Cf. hagikhik burus n. A pregnant woman. In burus yadtu kiyapakpakan kabii. That pregnant woman aborted last night.    adj. Swollen (as of grain stalks when the heads are ready to come out); (of women or animals) pregnant. Burus na in manga pāy namuꞌ. Our rice stalks are swollen.    vi. act/pat mag- -um-; pat ma-. (For a woman’s or animal’s stomach in pregnancy, a baby’s gums when teeth are ready to come out, a grain stalk when the fruit is ready to come out) to swell or become swollen; be or become pregnant. Siyam bulan magburus in babai. A woman is pregnant nine months. Bang lumagguꞌ na in manga batangan magburus na in pāy. When the stalk gets big the rice plant is swollen (i.e., the fruit is ready to come out). Diꞌ siya mabayaꞌ maburus magtuy. She doesn’t want to become pregnant right away.    vt. ag magpa-; pat -un. To make (someone) pregnant. Bang kamu diꞌ mīg dayn dī burusun ku in manga anak mu. If you don’t leave here I’ll make your children pregnant (spoken in anger). Wayruun burus in diꞌ magꞌanak. (saying) vt. Everything will come out into the open (lit. There is no pregnant woman who will not give birth). burut (var. of *buddut) v To pout and sulk (seen in one’s facial expression). būs v. CV 1 ag mag-, mang-; pat hi-, hipag-; goal -an. To borrow (something), lend (someone something). Būs kaw madtu tukul kan Bapaꞌ Kamsa. Borrow a hammer from Uncle Kamsa. Masipug aku mamūs kaniya sīn. I’m ashamed to borrow money from her. Diꞌ ku hibūs kaymu in gallang ku gana-gana malawaꞌ. I won’t lend you my bracelet, it might get lost. Būsi siya sin tukul mu. Lend him your hammer. Diꞌ ku siya būsan. I won’t loan it to him. ANT. *uliꞌ; Cf. utang *būs n. hangbūs One whole roll (of cloth), the entire length (of a bamboo).    n. tibūsan A roll (of cloth). busaw n. The person who is ‘it’ (in the game of tag called busaw-busaw). Hisiyu in busaw bihayaun?

Who is ‘it’ now?    n. busaw-busaw A children’s game (in which the players stand inside a marked circle and the one who is ‘it’ stands outside it and tries to touch someone inside). Nagpanayam busaw-busaw in manga kabataan kahapun. Yesterday the children played tag.    v. ag mag-; ran pag-…-an. To play this game. Piyagbusaw-busawan nila in halaman bāy. They played tag in the yard of the house. busay n. A waterfall. Biyaꞌ busay natanak in luhaꞌ niya. Her tears fell like a waterfall. buskag n. The expansion, swelling (of something as a result of pressure from within); blooming of a flower. Malingkat in buskag sin manga sumping yan. The blooming of those flowers is lovely.    v. act/pat -um-, mag-. To expand, bloat, swell; (for dough) to rise; (for flowers) to bloom. Awn tau muskag bang matay na. Some people bloat when they die.    adj. mabuskag Expanded, swollen; (of dough) risen; very much in bloom. Bukun mabuskag in addun bang kulang pasulig. The dough will not be risen if it lacks baking powder. buskaw v. pat -un. To choke (because of something getting into the windpipe). Buskawun sa kān bang kaw minum tubig. You will choke if you drink water. OV SYN. *bungkul buskay (var. of biskay) adj Fast, quick, brisk, speedy. buslad v. ag mag-. To eat greedily or voraciously (a derogatory term). Buslad na kaw, dupang. Eat greedily now, you dummy. SYN. dambaꞌ, dabluꞌ buslut n. A hole, puncture, leak (as in a wall through a board, wood, an automobile or a tire).    vt. CH 1 ag mag-; pat -un; ran -an. [-un puncture with intention to destroy, done in anger; -an not necessarily destroying it.] To make a hole through (something), pierce or puncture (something). Buslutun ta in guma sin awtu niya. Let’s puncture the tire of his car.    vi. pat ma-. To be punctured. Nabuslut in atup sin bāy niya. The roof of his house is punctured. OV SYN. lungag bustak n. A break, rupture, puncture; explosion. Awn bustak sin guma tarak yan. The tire of the truck has a puncture.

   v. act/pat -um-. To burst, explode, erupt. Miyustak in bulkinu. The volcano erupted. Mustak yan bang mu tangkugun. It will explode if you touch it. bustak taynga n. An infection in the ear. Ubati marayaw in bustak taynga mu ha supaya diꞌ kaw mabisu. You apply medicine very well on the ear infection so that you will not become deaf. busug (gimb. buꞌsug) 1 v. ag mag-; pat hi-; goal -an. To cause (a liquid) to flow in a continuous stream, pour (a liquid) on (something). Nagbusug siya jambangan kaina. She watered the plants a while ago. Hibusug ku na katān in tubig ha baldi. I’ll pour all the water from the pail. Mahapun mu na busugan in jambangan. Water the plants in the afternoon. Biyusugan siya tubig sin inaꞌ niya. His mother poured water over him. OV SYN. *asag 1, tuwang 2 v. ag mag-, mang-. To take a quick bath (by splashing). Mamusug sadja aku. I’ll just take a quick bath. OV SYN. payguꞌ, *haplas busul n. A swelling or bump (on the head caused by a knock or blow).    v. ran -an. To develop such a bump. Busulan kaw bang makabanggul in ū mu pa batu. You’ll get a bump if you bump your head on a stone. OV SYN. budjul, lahud; Cf. hubag busung n. Retribution, curse, divine punishment for evil (such as resisting one’s parents or being disrespectful to the grave of a salip, etc.).    v. ST pat -un. To suffer such retribution or punishment. Busungun kaw bang kaw mangatu ha maas mu. You’ll suffer retribution if you go against your parents.    adj. makabusung Capable of bringing retribution or divine punishment. Makabusung in manga salip. A descendant of the Prophet Muhammad can bring divine punishment. OV SYN. mulkaꞌ 1 buta adj. Blind, sightless. Asal siya buta dayn ha kapagꞌanak. He is blind since birth.    vi. pat ma-. To become blind. Mabuta kaw sin sakit. You will become blind because of sickness.    vt. pat -un. To make (someone or an animal) blind. Subay butahun in sugarul yan. That burglar should be made blind. Cf. bulag buta atay adj. Ungrateful. Wayruun guna magtabang ha tau buta atay. There is no use helping an ungrateful person. (See atay for table.)

buta bulat adj. Having well-formed eyes but blind. (See Appendix 8: Diseases) butang n. A group of things placed (somewhere), a pile. Hangpuꞌ pilak in hangka-butang istaꞌ. A pile of fish is ten pesos.    v. CV 1 ag mag-; pat hi-; ran -an. To put or place (something somewhere). Butang na kaw pagkaun pa lamisahan. Put the food on the table. Hain ku hibutang in manga badjuꞌ ini? Where shall I place these clothes? Butangan ku tambuku in badjuꞌ ku. I’ll put buttons on my dress. butas vt. ag -um-; pat -un. To separate, part, cease to associate with, wean (a child or young animal). Nagbutas na in magtiyaun pasal diꞌ magsulut. The couple separated because they are incompatible. Diꞌ aku mabayaꞌ mutas dayn kaymu. I don’t want to part from you. Subay kaw mutas na dayn ha maas mu bang kaw taga paghulaꞌ na. You should leave your parents once you’re married. Biyutas na sin inaꞌ in anak niya dayn ha duruꞌ. The mother separated her child from the breast (i.e., weaned it).    v. RC ag mag-. (For people) to separate, leave each other. Diꞌ sila mabayaꞌ magbutas. They don’t wish to separate.    vi. pat ma-. To become separated. Nabutas siya dayn ha manga iban niya. He got separated from his companions. OV SYN. *ukat 1, *bugit 2 butawan (var. butān) 1 v. ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To let go; let loose, release, or set (something) free. Butawan na kaw dayn ha piyagpipintingan mu. You let go from where you’re hanging on. Butawanan ku in kiyakaputan ku. I will let go of the thing I am holding. 2 v. ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To give up (something, such as a goal). Biyutawanan niya na in pagdāgan niya pirisidinti ha iskul niya. He gave up his running for president of the school. buti n. A small European or American type boat (not an indigenous boat). Mabiskay tuud in dāgan sin buti yaun. That small American boat sails very fast. butig n. A lump or cyst (under the surface of the skin). Subay upirahan in butig ha lima mu. The lump on your hand must be operated on. (See Appendix 8: Diseases)    adj. butigan Having many lumps (under the skin).    v. ran -an. To develop such lumps. Biyutigan in ū niya. His head has lumps. OV SYN. busul, bukul, butikul 1.1, budjul

butikul 1.1 n. A swelling or protrusion (formed by a tumor or cyst), a lump (on a fruit or a tree), the swelling of a pocket when it is full. Subay upirahan in butikul ha tuktuk mu. The swelling on your forehead must be operated on. v. act/pat -um-, -mag-. To develop a lump or protrusion. OV SYN.: busul, bukul, butig, budjul. 1.2 n. The swelling or development (of the female breast). In babai kakitaan ta ha butikul sin duruꞌ nila bang sila sangput na. We can see by the swelling of a girl’s breasts that she has attained puberty. 2 v. act/pat mag-, -um-. To have a lump in one’s throat (when one is at the point of crying). Magbutikul in liug niya bang awn katangisan niya. She has a lump in her throat if there’s something that makes her cry. butinggaꞌ adj. Fat, corpulent, obese. Mabuggat in tau butinggaꞌ. An obese person is heavy. OV SYN. tambuk buttikan adj. Having tiny patches or spots of two colors, (esp. of the rind of some overripe fruits as of mango, wanni, guayavano, banana; also used of chicken, snakes, etc). Nalawaꞌ in manuk niya buttikan. His spotted chicken is lost. Cf. lintikan, tagimtim, kabang butuꞌ n. The male pudenda. OV SYN. utin, buyung butuꞌ-butuꞌ n. A sty (in the eye). butuk n. A bundle (of grass or wood) tied together. Dāha in duwa butuk kahuy. Bring the two bundles of firewood.    v. CH 1 ag mag-; pat -un. To tie (grass, wood etc.) into a bundle. Butukun ta in kahuy yan. Let’s tie that wood into bundles. Cf. baggut butul n. A (stout) glass bottle or jar. Marayaw tuud in butul ini pagluunan tubig. This glass bottle is very nice for a water container. Cf. garapun, kassaꞌ; GENR. tupungan tupung butung n. A mature unripe coconut (when the meat is still soft and its juice sweet, the stage of the fruit between biluuk and lahing). Dugaing in butung iban lahing sabab bang kimbuun in butung diꞌ karungugan in tubig ha lawm. A mature unripe coconut and a mature ripe one are different. If you shake a mature unripe coconut you cannot hear the water inside. (See niyug for table.)

buug n. Parkinson’s disease (characterized by uncontrolled rhythmic tremor and muscular rigidity), a tic, tremor. In tau siyasakit buug magpamidpid. A person with Parkinson’s disease trembles. (See Appendix 8: Diseases)    v. pat -un. To have or develop a tremor. Buugun kaw lumugay. Sooner or later you will develop a tremor. Biyubuug in tau yaun. That fellow has a tremor. *buuk {See hambuuk and tibuuk.} buung v. CH 1 ag mag-; pat -un. To break (something) into halves, (as a coconut). Buungun ku na in lahing. I will break the coconuts into halves. Cf. *sipak, bahagiꞌ *buwa v. CV 3 ag mag-; pat -un. To rock (someone in something, usu. a baby in a cradle. The motion can be either sideways or up and down). Buwahun ku na hi Indaꞌ. I’ll rock Inda (in her cradle). Cf. *dundang    n. buwahan A hammock type cradle made of cloth and hung on bamboo springs or metal springs. buwa-buwa v. ag mag-; pat -un. To sing a lullaby. Buwa-buwahun ku hi Utuꞌ. I’ll sing a lullaby to Junior. buwaꞌ n. A large shallow gong (usu. struck when there is an emergency). Bang magꞌagung sin buwaꞌ in hāti awn lingug sin hulaꞌ. If the large shallow gong is struck there is an emergency in the place. Cf. pulakan buwad v. CV 3 ag mag-; pat -un; inst/ran pag-…-an. To spread out (something) to dry (esp. under the heat of the sun, as wet clothing, peanuts, fish, coffee, rice, corn). Buwarun ku in manga diyakdakan yaun. I’ll spread out that washing to dry. Cf. tahay 1, hayang 1    n. buwaran A clothesline or anything (such as a fence, hedge, or bamboo pole) used as a clothesline. Nabugtuꞌ in buwaran sabab sin taud sin diyakdakan. The clothesline broke because of too much laundry. buwahan 1 n. The lanzones tree. Lansium domesticum 2 n. The lanzones fruit. (See Appendix 5: Plants) buwal n. A thin transparent fabric, voile. Malingkat in buwal hinangun habul. It’s beautiful to make voile

into a sarong. OV SYN. diyandi, sutlaꞌ, dasu, bilduꞌ 1, kuku putiꞌ, gadja hilaw, lanay buwang1 v. ag mag-; pat -un. To deep fry (something, as fish or indigenous confections). Buwanga na in sayng. Fry the bananas. OV SYN. piritu, *landang-landang buwang2 1 n. rdp. Any container (but usu. a can) fastened with a string long enough to scoop water from a well. v. ag mag-; pat -un. [Usu. rdp.] To scoop (water from a well) with such a container. Buwangbuwangun ku in tubig dayn ha kuppung. I will scoop water from the well. Buwang-buwangi kita tubig pa kuppung. Please scoop some water from the well for me. OV SYN.: gayung. 2 n. A wish (made while one is bathing using a scoop).{Used in oral literature.} v. ag mag-. [Often rdp.] To make such a wish. Nagbuwang-buwang batil in manga dayang-dayang. The princesses were making their wishes. buwis n. A tribute; any personal contribution made in token of services rendered or acknowledgement due. In waktu pa sin pagsultan in mahumu buwis sin manga tau amuna in kakaun. During the time of the sultanate the common tribute of the people was foodstuffs. OV SYN. sayrulla, sukay1 buyan n. A herd (as of cattle and horses). Awn buyan nila sapiꞌ. They have a herd of cattle. Cf. baan buyuꞌ n. The leaf of the betel pepper vine (used to wrap the other ingredients of the betel nut chew). Magꞌusal buyuꞌ in tau magmamaꞌ. People who chew betel nut use betel leaf. Cf. mamaꞌ buyung n. Scrotum, testicles. Ayaw kaw minum tubig bang kaw hiyapus bat diꞌ lumagguꞌ in buyung mu. Don’t drink water when you are tired so that your testicles will not become big.

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Tausug-English Dictionary: Kabtangan Iban Maana

Tausug - English a

b

d

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h

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k

l

m

n

ng

ny

p

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d da adv. As expected, only, just. Lima pilak da in sīn ku. I have only five pesos. Marayaw da in kasuddahan niya? Is she kind (as I expect)? Bukun da ini kaymu. This is not yours anyway. dā 1.1 v. CV ag mag-; pat -un; goal -an. Generic term to carry (something), bring or take (something by carrying it); (with pa₂) to send (as a letter or message. See parā). Tabang kaw magdā sin kalangkapan yan. Help carry that baggage. Dāhun ku pa tabuꞌ in manga sayul yan. I’ll take (carry) those vegetables to the market. Dāhan ta kaw istaꞌ. I’ll bring you some fish. Nagparā lapal in mayul. The mayor sent words. n. pangdā-rā Things carried, goods.

1.2 v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To refer (something to someone), take (a matter to court or to someone). Bang diꞌ masulut in parkalaꞌ mu ha mayul dāha na pa huwis. If your case can’t be settled by the mayor take it to court. WAYS OF CARRYING ampupuꞌ

in both arms close to the chest

awluꞌ

on the arms extended out in front

baba

on the back

balung

on both shoulders

bitbit

(something heavy) dangling from the arm

kandung

in oneꞌs garment in front of one

kandut

in something tied around oneꞌs waist

hambin

(something large) under the arm

lutu

on the head

paꞌsan

(a long object or a person) on one shoulder

pindit

dangling from the hand

pipi

in/on one arm, against oneꞌs side or chest

saꞌlay

hanging from the shoulder, draped across the

shoulder sipit

(something slender) under the arm/armpit

tambin

by two or more people by any method

tangaꞌ

in oneꞌs mouth, dangling from the mouth

tanggung

on one shoulder with a pole

usung

in a litter or by interlacing the hands to

form a seat 2 v. ag mag-; pat -un. To bear (responsibility, sorrow, anger, etc.). Diꞌ na aku makarā sin kasusahan ku. I cannot bear my sorrow. 3 v. ag -um-; pat -un. [Always used with a second verb, e.g., to engage someone in conversation, arrange to see someone, engage someone in quarreling, etc.] To arrange (to do something with someone), engage (someone in doing something). Dāhun niya aku magbichara saꞌ diꞌ aku mabayaꞌ. He wants to engage me in conversation, but I don’t want to. Subay mu dāhun magꞌisun in manga iban mu pasal sin hinang niyu. You should engage your companions in a conference about your work (i.e., confer with them). Dāha magkitaꞌ in pulis pasal sin parakalaꞌ mu. Arrange to see the police about your case (i.e., go see the police). 4 n. pagdā The way one conducts (oneself or one’s life, work, affairs), the way one treats (other people). Kiyaamuhan aku sin pagdā sin mayul ini sin baran niya. I am pleased with the way this mayor conducts himself. v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To conduct (oneself or one’s life, work, affairs); treat (other people). Mahumu bukun marayaw magdā sin kawl piil niya in kapitan yan. Often that captain does not conduct his behavior well (i.e., does not behave well). 5 n. pangdā-rā {Euph.} The external genitals (of either a man or a woman). dā-isug v. ag mang-, -um-, magpang-. To display one’s fearlessness, act fearless. Mangdā-isug siya kākuꞌ sawkat taymanghud ku in iban niya nagkālu. He’ll act fearless towards me just because it was my brother who was quarreling with him. *dāꞌdāꞌ v. act mang-; ran kapang-…-an. To have one’s feelings hurt, be offended. Ayaw kaw mangdāꞌdāꞌ. Diꞌ ku hikarihil in piyangayuꞌ mu. Don’t be offended. I can’t give what you’ve asked from me. Nangdāꞌdāꞌ aku sin walaꞌ mu aku piyaingat sin pagtiyaun mu. I was really hurt, for you didn’t inform

me of your wedding. Unu in kiyapangdāꞌ-dāan mu kākuꞌ? What is the reason you’re offended at me? OV SYN. *ambuldaꞌ daꞌgan v. AR ag mag-, mang-; ran -an. [mag- not purposeful, mang- purposeful.] To put (something heavy) on top of (something else so as to prevent its moving or being moved), press down heavily on (something). Daꞌgani sin būk in kātas mu bat diꞌ hipalid sin hangin. Put the book on top of your papers so that they won’t be blown away. Īg kaw dayn duun, karaꞌganan kaw sin batu dakulaꞌ. Get away from there, you’ll be pressed on by that big rock (i.e., it will fall on you). OV SYN. *dupun *daꞌsig (pūꞌ dasig) v. ag mag-, -um-; goal -an. To speak vociferously and shrilly, shout (at someone). Matawakkal siya dumaꞌsig kākuꞌ. He dares to speak vociferously to me. Hisiyu in daꞌsigan mu? Whom are you shouting at? Ayaw na kaw magdaꞌsig duun. Stop your shouting there. OV SYN. *pahit, *galit daak v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To ask, request, command (someone to do something [does not necessarily imply superiority]). Daak kaw ha manga bataꞌ yan kumawaꞌ tubig. Ask these boys to get some water. Ayaw kaw dumaak kākuꞌ magbīng. Don’t command me again. Diyaak niya aku maghulug sulat. She requested me to mail (lit. to fall) a letter for her. Cf. *manda    n. daraakun A helper (esp. a domestic worker, servant, maid). Gadjihan ku in daraakun namuꞌ kunsūm. I’ll pay our maid tomorrow. SYN. ipatan ipat 2 paraak (derv.) n. A word, message, information sent through someone. daan adj. Old (in the sense of worn, out-of-date, out of fashion, as of cloth, clothes, shoes, books, houses). Daan na in badjuꞌ ku. My dress is already old.    v. CH pat -un. To cause (something) to be old or worn out (esp. by constant wearing, as clothes or shoes). Subay mu diꞌ daanun in kapatus mu. Don’t make your shoes old.    v. ST pat ma-. To become worn out, old. Maraan sa yan magtuy bang daran siyusulug. It will become worn out in no time at all if you wear it very often. OV SYN. lubaw, pasaw, lasaw daawa n. A reason, excuse (a denial aimed at an accusation against one). Unu in daawa mu pagsumariya kaymu sin pulis? What was your excuse when the police interrogated you? Ayaw kaw magdungug sin daawa patay. Don’t listen to flimsy excuses.

   v. ag mag-, -um-; pat hi-, hipang-; goal -an. To present arguments, excuses, reasons in a defense. Subay kaw dumaawa sin bukun dusa mu. You should give your argument that it’s not your fault.    adj. maraawa Characterized by reasons and arguments. Maraawa tuud in tau yaun. That fellow is full of reasons and arguments (in his own defense). Cf. paylu, galgal *dabdab v. act mag-, mang-; pat pag-…-un. To talk while in an unconscious state (as during a fever, sleep or serious illness), talk nonsense. In tau mangdabdab bukun ha sayu. A person talking in an unconscious state is not conscious (of what he is saying). OV SYN. *damat dabluꞌ v. ag mag-; pat -un. To eat greedily or voraciously (a derogatory term). Dabluꞌ na kaw lisuan. Eat now, you lazybones. SYN. dambaꞌ; OV SYN. dasluk, buslad dabung n. Bamboo shoots (used as a vegetable). In dabung pagkawaun dayn ha patung. Bamboo shoots are a food taken from the bamboo. dabusan n. The light pith of certain trees, used for razor-straps. Marayaw paghukutan gunting in dabusan. The light pith of a tree is good for strapping scissors. (See Appendix 5: Plants) dāg1 1 v. ag mag-, -um-, mang-; goal -un. To climb (something, as a tree, a mountain or building, but not up the stairs to the house). Mangdāg sila lahing gana-gana. They will climb and get coconut in a little while. Dāgun ku in puntukan sin būd. I’ll climb to the top of the mountain. Dāg kaw pa taas niyug. Climb up the coconut tree. n. pangdarāg An expert climber. Pangdarāg san hi Amaꞌ. Father is an expert climber. Cf.: tukad, sulad, gaban 1, sakat. 2 n. pangdarāg A season of harvesting (a certain kind of fruit, coconuts) from trees. Pila pikul lahing in makawaꞌ niyu hangka-pangdarāg? How many piculs of coconut can you get at one harvesting? dāg2 n. A (banana) leaf (always with sayng). Kiyabuli nila sadja in kaunun ha dāg sayng. They just wrapped the cooked rice in banana leaves. dāga n. Maiden girl, adolescent girl in puberty stage (may also be spoken of some animals). In dāga amu in babai baꞌgu simangput. A maiden is a girl who has just entered puberty. OV SYN. budjang dagahit n. A sedge, with sharp edges. Mataud dagahit nagtutubuꞌ ha lanaw-lanaw. There are many sedges

growing in swamps. Sclenia scrobiculata dāgan 1 v. TV ag mag-, -um-; goal -un. To run. Dimāgan siya kimawaꞌ tabang. He ran to get help. Ayaw kamu magdāgan, malandug in dān. Don’t run. The road is slippery. Dāgan kaw bat kaw diꞌ abutan. You run so that you’ll not be caught. adj. marāgan Speedy, fast. Marāgan in tarak pukul yan. That flatbed truck travels fast. 2 v. act mag-, -um-. (For a mechanical or electrical device) to function, operate; (for a vehicle or boat) to be in motion; (for a liquid, electric current) to flow, circulate. Diꞌ dumāgan in makina ini. This machine won’t run. Dimāgan na in kappal pagdatung namuꞌ pa jambatan. The ship was already moving when we reached the wharf. Hisiyu in magparāgan sin jīp? Who will drive the jeep? Pagpanaw-panaw da kaw bat dumāgan marayaw in duguꞌ mu. Do some walking exercise so that your blood will circulate well. 3 v. ag mag-, -um-. To run (for a political office). Dumāgan aku mayul balik iliksiyun ini. I will run for mayor next election. 4 v. ag mag-, -um-; goal -an. To run (to someone for help). Wayruun karāganan ku bang aku masigpit amura ikaw. There is nobody I can run to if I am hard up except you. 5 v. ag magpa-; pat pa-…-un. To manage (one’s money). Maingat siya magparāgan sin pilak niya. She knows how to manage her money (by engaging in profitable investment). dagang 1 v. CV 1 ag mag-, -um-; pat hi-; goal -an. To sell (something). Dagang kaw madtu sin istaꞌ ini pa tabuꞌ. Sell this fish at the market. Hiragang ku in istaꞌ. I will sell the fish. OV SYN.: paglitu *litu, bī 1. n. dagangan Merchandise, wares. Nagbayaꞌ na in dagangan. The merchandise was sold. tau dagang (comp.) n. {Archaic} A slave. 2 v. ag mag-, -um-; pat hika-. To fool, cheat, trick (someone). Maluhay hikaragang in tau way akkal. It is easy to fool a man who lacks wit. tau dagang (comp.) v. A stranger, someone who has no relatives in a place. dagat n. Sea, ocean, ocean water. Sawki kita dagat. Dip me some ocean water. OV SYN. lawd1 , karajum panagat (derv.) v. To hunt for shellfish, edible plants or other edible animals along the shore at low tide. dagbus n. Looks, appearance, resemblance, figure (as of color, shape or form of people, clothing, or

buildings). Biyaꞌdiin in dagbus sin tau piyaglawag mu? What does the man that you are looking for look like?    v. act -um-. To resemble, be alike in appearance or figure. Dimagbus kaw ha inaꞌ mu. You look like your mother. Paragbusun ta manuk-manuk in tanglung natuꞌ. We will make our paper lantern look like a bird. dagbus malaikat angelic looking (good looking). dagbus saytan devilish looking (bad looking). Cf. lupa2 *dagdag v. AR ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To deduct, subtract, decrease, reduce (the amount or quantity of something). Subay ta dagdagan in gadji niya. We must reduce his salary. OV SYN. kulang2 1, kūꞌ, *hilang; ANT. ganap daggut adj. Touching or very close to each other; concentrated at one center (as of the heat of a fire). Bukun daggut in pasuꞌ sin kāyu. The heat of a fire isn’t concentrated in one place.    v. act -um-. To touch or come very close (to something); be concentrated at one center. Diꞌ aku mabayaꞌ dumaggut in kusina mu pa bāy ku. I don’t want your kitchen to touch upon my house. OV SYN. *dagpak daghal n. The chest, thorax (the part of the body from the solar plexus to the neck). In ū atay iban daghal dugaing. The solar plexus and the chest are different. (See Appendix 6: The Parts of the Body) daghay n. Loud laughter, guffaw. In daghay niya pagdungug niya sin isturi. What loud laughter she had after listening to the story.    v. ag mag-, -um-; goal -an. To laugh loudly, guffaw. Bang babai, diꞌ makajari magdaghay ha dān. For women it’s not good to be laughing loudly when walking on the road.    adj. maraghay Prone to guffaw. Maraghay in babai yaun bang magkatawa. She is prone to guffaw when she laughs. Cf. hikhik, paghakhak hakhak, katawa, uyum, kisiꞌ 1 daghum n. A glottalized sound. In daghum amu in tingug dayn ha gūnggūngan. The glottalized sound is produced at the glottis.    v. ag mag-, -um-; goal -an. To make such a sound (as in ridicule or as a signal). Kahunitan aku dumaghum. It is hard for me to make a glottalized sound. Cf. igham daging n. Sperm, egg, ovum. In babai way na daging diꞌ na umanak. A woman can no longer have

children when the discharge of ovum stops. OV SYN. manniꞌ *dagit (gimb. daꞌgit) v. AQ ag/goal mang-, -um-; pat -un. (For a bird of prey) to seize or snatch something. Dagitun sin manuk-manuk in istaꞌ. The bird will seize the fish. dagmay n. Worn-out clothing, rag. Dakdaki in dagmay yan. Wash that rag. In dagmay ayaw mu lamuran iban sin manga kaibanan. Don’t mix the rags with the others. OV SYN. badjuꞌ, tarapu *dagmit v. ag -um-, mag-. To drop in, drop over or by, stop by (for just a very short while), drop by to get (something). Dumagmit kita hangkarayꞌ pa bāy hi Babuꞌ mu Apsa. Let’s stop over a little while at your Aunt Apsa’s house. Dagmitan ta kaw istaꞌ pa tabuꞌ. I’ll drop by the market (and buy) you some fish. OV SYN. hapit1 dagnut n. Thick grass, bushes, thick vines, etc. Subay lapahan in manga dagnut ha uma. We have to cut the thick grass from the rice fields.    adj. maragnut Thick (as of grass, bushes, vines). Maragnut in lawm uma. The field is thick with grass.    v. pat -un; ran -an. To be or become overgrown with bushes, grass, vines, etc. Dagnutun in uma bang diꞌ lanuan. The field will become overgrown if it’s not cleared. OV SYN. kūmu, kātian *dagpak v. act mag-, -um-; ran -an. To touch, come in contact with. Ayaw mu paragpaka in lamisahan pa dingding. Don’t let the table touch the wall. OV SYN. daggut dagpis v. ag mag-, -um-. To go to a fruit tree. Dagpis kaw madtu ha puun buwahan. You go to the lanzones tree. *dagsaꞌ 1 v. act -um-; pat hi-; ran -an. To run aground (as a ship), drift ashore. Diyagsaꞌ in kappal pa hunasan. The ship ran aground. Makaragsaꞌ kappal in kusug sin alun. The strength of the wind can cause a ship to run aground. 2 v. ag mag-, -um-. (For) a school (of fish) to come toward shore. Masuhul magdagsaꞌ in istaꞌ panit pa hunasan. Sometimes tuna fish come to the shallow water in schools. SYN. *sanglad dagsuk (var. of dasuk) adj Crowded, dense, stuffy.

*dagtuꞌ v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To grab, snatch, or seize (something suddenly, roughly or forcibly without right, warning, etc.). Dagtua in tau yan. Grab that man. Diyagtuꞌ sin sugarul in gantung liug niya. The thief snatched her necklace. OV SYN. hillaꞌ, *utung dagtung n. A bamboo water container with two or more internodes. Daha in dagtung pa kuppung. Bring the bamboo water container to the well. Pilangka-lawas in dagtung mu? How many internodes does your bamboo water container have? *daguꞌ-daguꞌ v. ag mag-; goal pag-…-an. [Does not focus the item asked for.] To ask (something from someone) jokingly; take a liberty (with someone because of a prior relationship). Piyagdaguꞌ-daguan ku sadja siya saꞌ dīhil niya kākuꞌ in kamisita niya. I was just asking him jokingly but he gave me his T-shirt. OV SYN. langug dahal adj. Greedy, gluttonous. Dahal in tau makusug kumaun. A person who is strong in eating is greedy.    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To eat voraciously, greedily. Ayaw na kaw dumahal, baꞌgu ra kaw kimaun. Don’t eat voraciously, you have just finished eating. Dahalun niya sān in pagkaun bang niya kakitaan. He will voraciously eat that food if he sees it.    n. darahalan A meal (used derogatorily, esp. when one is angry or addressing a gluttonous person). Ah, yari in darahalan mu iruꞌ kaw. There now! Here’s your meal, you dog. OV SYN. lagak, dambaꞌ, abꞌab dahay 1 v. ag mang-. {Archaic} To attack (someone), threaten (someone). Ayaw kaw mangdahay ha tau sakawkat na nakautang kaymu. Don’t threaten a person just because he is indebted to you. OV SYN. gubat dāhig v. ag mag-, -um-. To raise the pitch of one’s voice in chanting (a ritual song [luguꞌ]). Nagdāhig in manga pakil. The priests are raising the pitch of their voices in chanting.    n. pagdāhig The raising of the pitch of the voice in chanting a ritual song. OV SYN. luguꞌ *dahik v. ag mag-; pat -un. To drag (a boat) up onto or off of the beach. Dahikun ku in bangkaꞌ. I’ll drag the boat onto the beach. Cf. *utung dāhit n. Fear, fright, cowardliness. Piyunung in bataꞌ sabab sin dāhit niya. The child fainted from fear.

   v. pat -un. To be or become fearful, frightened, cowardly. Diyahit aku sin lambung kītaꞌ ku kabii. I was frightened by the shadow I saw last night.    adj. dāhitan Fearful, cowardly, afraid. Makasipug bang kita dāhitan. It is a shame to be cowardly. OV SYN. bugaꞌ, damag, talaw dahu-dahu [Luuk]v. act mag-. To play (as of children). In manga kabataan ha parian matagi magdahudahu. The children in the market like to play. OV SYN. panayam dahun n. A leaf (of plants and trees).    v. act mag-, -um-, -an. To develop leaves. Nagdahun na in jambangan mu. Your plants have already developed leaves. dahut n. A running stitch (done by hand), a temporary stitch (which can easily be removed). Tastasi in dahut sin badjuꞌ. Rip out the running stitch of the dress.    v. AR ag mag-; ran -an. To sew (by hand) a running stitch (on something). Dahuti in badjuꞌ niya. Sew a running stitch on her dress. Cf. langgahit, bagsaꞌ, ayum-ayum daig 1 n. (In phrase ha daig) near, close, beside. Biyutang ku in budjak ha daig lawang. I placed the spear near the door. v. act, ag mag-, -um-; goal -an. To come close to, near, or beside (something). Ayaw kaw dumaig ha tau piyapangkut. Don’t get close to a man afflicted with smallpox. Diꞌ aku mabayaꞌ daigan sin tau kulapan. I don’t want a person with ichthyosis to come close to me. Ayaw mu paraiga in gās pa kāyu. Don’t place the gas near the fire. v. RC ag mag-. To be or come close to each other or side by side. Bang magdaig in duwa bataꞌ yan magkālu sadja. If those two children get close to each other they always quarrel. Nagdaraig in bāy namuꞌ. Our houses are side by side. OV SYN.: suuk. 2 v. ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. {Euph.} To have sexual intercourse. daira n. City, sizeable town. Pa dāira kitaniyu mamī-mī kunsūm. We’ll go to town tomorrow to do some shopping. Cf. kawman, lūngan dakag n. Overinsistence or excessive demanding (esp. by children from parents or grandparents). Way na makaatu ha dakag sin bataꞌ yan. Nothing can surpass the excessive demanding of that child.

   v. ag -um-, mag-. To boast, act haughtily; (for a child) to demand excessively or unreasonably. Dumakag in tau bang dayahan. A rich person acts haughtily.    v. ag magpa-; pat pa-…-un. To pamper (someone, esp. a child). Bukun marayaw in makalanduꞌ magparakag ha anak. It’s not good to pamper a child too much.    adj. marakag/dakagan Spoiled, pampered; arrogant, haughty. In bataꞌ marakag makarā kasusahan pa maas. A pampered child brings sorrow to his parents. In tau marakag diꞌ magsulut iban tau kaibanan. An arrogant person cannot come into harmony with other people. OV SYN. *langka *dakdak 1 v. AR ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To wash (clothes). Dakdakan ku in badjuꞌ mu. I will wash your clothes. OV SYN.: *kimuꞌ. n. magdarakdak Someone who washes clothes, laundryperson. Malanuꞌ in magdarakdak kamuꞌ. The one who washes our clothes is clean. n. pagdarakdakan Place for washing clothes, laundry place. Mataud tubig ha pagdarakdakan namuꞌ. There is plenty of water in the place where we wash our clothes. n. diyakdakan Clothes to be washed, laundry. 2 v. CV 1 ag -um-; pat hi-. To beat (something) against a surface; fall suddenly or with full impact; drop, throw or put down (something) heavily or all at once. Pagpunung kaniya dimakdak siya pa lantay. When she collapsed, she dropped heavily to the floor. Bang aku dugalan hirakdak ta kaw pa simintu. If I become angry, I’ll beat you against the cement. OV SYN. *hantak 1 dakmul n. Thickness (as of board, cloth, or wall). Biyaꞌ diin in dakmul sin digpiꞌ? What is the thickness of the board?    adj. marakmul Thick. Marakmul in asu. The smoke is thick.    v. ST pat -um-. To become thick. Diꞌ dumakmul in tilam bang bukun mataud in kapuk. The mattress won’t become thick unless it is stuffed with more kapok. Ayaw da parakmula in pagpinta mu. Don’t make your painting thick. dakulaꞌ adj. Great, large, big, huge (referring to objects, people, projects, etc., but not emotions or feelings). Dakulaꞌ in hinang sin prisidinti. The work of the president is great. Dakulaꞌ in bāy mu. Your house is big. OV SYN. lagguꞌ 1 dakuman adv. Yet; just, only (of a remaining number of people, things, events, ideas, etc.). Nagtagad

dakuman sila kaymu. They are just waiting for you. Tagaran dakuman siya. He is the only one we’re waiting for. Hangka-tau dakuman in tagaran sin jīp. The jeep is waiting for just one more passenger. Hambuuk dakuman in nakapin. There’s only one left. *dakup v. ag mag-, -um-, mang-; pat -un. To elope (with someone). Nagdakup hi Yusup iban sin tunang niya kaina mahinaat. Yusup eloped with his girl friend this morning. OV SYN. guyud 2 dalam adv. However, in whatever manner or degree. Wayruun sīn ku hikapabūs kaymu, dalam yadtu pamūsan ta kaw ha inaꞌ ku. I have no money to lend you, however I’ll borrow from my mother. dalas (gimb. daꞌlas) n. Wastefulness, extravagance. Bang bihān in dalas mu magsīn wayruun hikatawꞌ mu. If that’s your wastefulness with money then you’ll not be able to save anything.    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To waste (something), spend (something) unwisely, extravagantly. Ayaw dalasa in tubig. Don’t waste the water.    adj. maralas Wasteful, prodigal, extravagant. Maralas siya magsīn. He is extravagant with money. OV SYN. *usibaꞌ 1 dalat n. A breeze, light wind. Mahagpay-hagpay in hangin dalat. A light wind is somewhat cool. OV SYN. hangin dalig n. The back edge (of a single-bladed cutting instrument). Marakmul in dalig sin barung ini. The back edge of this bladed weapon is wide. dalil n. An example, parable, allegory, comparison, elucidation. Biyaꞌ ha ini in maana sin dalil yan. The meaning of that parable is like this.    v. ag mag-; pat -un, hi-; goal/ben -an. To give an example, allegorize, give a comparison. Bang dalilun, in budjang biyaꞌ sin sumping. If we give a comparison, a young girl is like a flower. Cf. sawpama, hantang dalil akkal (comp.) v. A practical explanation. dalimaꞌ n. Pomegranate. In dalimaꞌ pagdāhun sin manga hadjiꞌ dayn ha Makka. Pomegranates are brought by pilgrims from Mecca. OV SYN. hulmaꞌ, anggul Punica granatum (See Appendix 5: Plants) daling n. Flange, buttress of a tree; comb (of a cock). Subay pagꞌuturun in daling sin manuk bang

hipagbulang. We have to remove the comb of a cock when it is intended for cockfighting. dalling 1 n. A type of Tausug dance with more movement than the pangalay dance. v. ag mag-. To dance this kind of dance. Padallingun natuꞌ bihaun hi Mutadul. We’ll ask Mutadul to dance. OV SYN.: pangalay. 2 n. (A term of endearment) darling, dear. Kaun na kaw mari dalling. Come and eat, darling. damag n. Fear, cowardliness. Nakalanduꞌ in damag niya. His fear is just too much.    adj. damagan Cowardly, having no courage. In tau damagan maluhay kublaan. A cowardly person is easily startled.    v. ST pat -un. To be or become afraid, to be frightened. Damagun sa kān bang kaw mākitaꞌ lutaw. You’ll become afraid if you see a ghost. Makadamag maghulaꞌ ha bāy masaytan. It’s frightening to live in a haunted house. OV SYN. dāhit, talaw, bugaꞌ damak n. A gift given to a girl by a suitor. Piyagꞌamahan siya sin inaꞌ niya sabab timabuk siya damak dayn ha usug namayaꞌ-mayaꞌ kaniya. She was scolded by her mother because she accepted a gift from her lover.    v. CV 1 ag mag-, -um-, mang-; pat hipag-; goal -an. To give a gift (to one’s lover). Ayaw na kaw magdamak kākuꞌ diꞌ da aku mabayaꞌ kaymu. Don’t give me any gift for I don’t like you anyway. Unu in hipagdamak mu ha piyamayaꞌ-mayaan mu bang way sīn? What will you give to the one you’re courting if you don’t have any money? OV SYN. baktiꞌ daman n. A poetic dialogue filled with symbolic meaning (using words in a nonliteral or unusual sense). {Examples are: Ay mu na aku tataki sin pugad māpati. Don’t tell me things that aren’t true (lit. Don’t talk to me about the nest of a pigeon). Manāꞌtāꞌ lupu manglawag pagtanuman. Bang awn katanaman, duun na magjambangan. I’m looking for a wife (lit. Going through an overgrown field looking for a place to plant. If there’s a good place, I’ll make a flower garden there).} In daman mahunit kahātihan. It’s hard to understand the meaning of a daman.    v. ag mag-; pat hi-; goal/ben -an. To talk or express (something) in poetic or symbolic language. Magdaman kita ha supaya diꞌ nila kahātihan. Let’s talk symbolically so they won’t understand. OV SYN. malikata; Cf. tarasul

dāmas n. A small boat with an outrigger; hull of any small boat under construction. Dāmas in pagꞌusalun bang aku magpamingit. I use a small boat with an outrigger when going fishing. OV SYN. bangkaꞌ1 , sakayan *damat v. ag mang-, magpang-; pat pagpang-…-un. To talk in one’s sleep. Pukawa in bagay mu nangdamat siya. Wake your friend. He is talking in his sleep. OV SYN. *dabdab dambaꞌ adj. Greedy, gluttonous, voracious (derogatory term). In tau dambaꞌ makasipug ha kampung niya. A greedy person is a shame to his relatives.    v. ag mag-, -um-, -mang-; pat -un. To eat greedily or voraciously. Diyambaꞌ niya in tinapay ku. He ate my bread greedily. OV SYN. abꞌab, lagak, dabluꞌ, dasluk, buslad, dahal damdam n. Longing, yearning. Landuꞌ in damdam ku ha asawa ku. My longing for my wife is really strong.    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To yearn, long for, or miss (someone). Magdamdam sadja aku ha asawa ku dūm adlaw. I always long for my wife night and day. OV SYN. *tumtum 1, sitta    v. ran ka-…-an. To long or yearn for (a lover). Minsan mabanyagaꞌ in baran ku bang mān maasawa ku in babai karamdaman ku. Even if I become a slave (it’s all right), if only I can marry the girl I long for. lindu-ramdam (comp.) n. A combination of romantic love and longing for someone. damikkiyan rel. Likewise, in like manner, the same as. Nagmula in kabāyan sin dunuk, damikkiyan in manga pananum. The houses were destroyed by the flood, likewise the vegetation. Cf. sampay 1, sambil damlag adj. Full moon. Bang damlag masawa tuud in bulan. The moon is bright when it’s full moon. Cf. sāli bulan, tambul būd dampig (Lu. equiv. of sampig) v To be cast ashore or washed up by the sea. damug n. Dew (which is seen on the grass, etc., refers to the actual moisture, not to the process). Bang mahinaat kakitaan mu in damug ha kaparangan. In the morning you’ll see the dew on the grass. OV SYN. aluꞌ

dān 1.1 n. Way, road, trail, street, path. Sarang in luag sin dān. The road is wide enough. 1.2 n. A row (of objects in a line, as rice plants in a field); section (of a citrus fruit, a durian, etc.) (Also tirānan). 2 n. Way, path (fig.). Subay siya hinduan sin dān pa Tuhan. She should be taught the way to God. OV SYN. labayan labay 3 n. dānan The cause (of something), course of events leading up to (something). Unu in dānan sin pagkālu nila? What was the cause of their quarrel? Cf. sabab dantik n. A reed, rush. Marayaw paghinangun ambung in dantik. Reeds are good for making baskets. dāng (var. of dayang) n An affectionate term of address to women. *dangat v. ag -um-; pat -un; ran -an. To go against the current, go upstream. Ayaw kaw dumangat sin sūg bat kita diꞌ maraub. Don’t go against the current, we might capsize. Subay diꞌ dangatun in sūg bat diꞌ maraub in bangkaꞌ. You shouldn’t go against the current or your boat will capsize. Cf. sangsang dangaw n. A span (the measurement from the tip of the thumb to the tip of the middle finger of the outstretched hand). Pilangka-dangaw in baluy? How many spans is the mat?    n. dangawan Measurement by spans. In dangawan sin baluy, hangpuꞌ da. The span measurement of the mat is only ten.    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To measure by numbers of spans. Dangawa in baluy bat kaingatan in lakbang. Measure by spans the width of the mat. (See sukud1 for table.) dangaw-rangaw 1 n. A caterpillar. 2 n. A sickness of babies in which the baby usu. cries every afternoon. Asal bihayan na in bataꞌ-bataꞌ yan dangaw-rangaw. That baby is always like that, she cries every afternoon. v. pat -un. To be affected with this sickness. Diyarangaw-rangaw in bataꞌ-bataꞌ yan. That baby is affected with the afternoon crying sickness. dangdang v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To broil or roast (something) on the embers (as meat or fish). Dangdang kaw istaꞌ ha baga kāyu. Roast the fish on the embers. Cf. tapa danggas v. ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To shampoo or wash (the hair without bathing the body as well).

Danggasan ku in buhuk ku bat malubag. I’ll shampoo my hair because it is dirty. Cf. *lubi, hugas 1 dangin n. Someone invited to help (in cooperative work as harvesting crops or plowing a field, or to help fight a battle or kill someone). Sila in manga dangin namuꞌ magꞌani pāy kunsūm. They are the people we’ve invited to help harvest rice tomorrow.    v. AQ ag/goal mag-, -um-, mang-; pat -un. To invite (someone to cooperative work or to help fight a battle or kill someone). Magdangin siya tau mataud magꞌararu. He will invite many people to plow the field. Bang kaw danginun bukun isa-isa mu maghinang. If you are invited to cooperative work you will not work alone. Cf. sabi, abi-abi danglay n. A nickname (either a substitute name or familiar form of a proper name). In danglay hi Abdul Abs. Abdul’s nickname is Abs.    v. ag mag-; goal -an. To give a nickname (to someone). In hi Saripul diyanglayan kan Pipung. Saripul was nicknamed Pipung. dangulngul n. The act of weeping loudly, wailing (used either of children or adults, but not animals). Mahibuk tuud in dangulngul sin bataꞌ yan. The wailing of that child is very noisy.    v. ag mag-, -um-. To weep loudly. Hundung kaw magdangulngul. Makabatiꞌ in natutūg. Stop weeping loudly. You will wake those who are asleep. Cf. tangis, asang2 , *hukuꞌ-hukuꞌ, luhaꞌ dapa-rapa 1 n. A small fast launch, speedboat. Dapa-rapa in piyagꞌismagulan niya. They used a small fast launch for smuggling. v. TV ag mag-, -um-; goal -un. To travel by such a boat. 2 v. ag mag-, -um-. To do something quickly or fast (such as running or speaking), (for a bird) to flap its wings. Nagdapa-rapa in manuk-manuk. Marayꞌ nasaggaw sin kubing. The bird is beating its wings. Maybe it’s caught by the mongoose. dapan adj. (An Arabic vowel point) u written above the consonant. In mim bang barisan dapan, in bassahan niya mu. If the letter mim is pointed with a u it reads mu. dāpang n. A boat without outriggers. Malallay dumagan ha dagat in dāpang. A boat without an outrigger is very slow when sailing.

dapat n. Possibility. Bang awn dapat kari kaw ha masamut. If possible come immediately. Way na dapat ku tumabang kaymu. It’s not possible for me to help you.    v. ST pat ma-. To be or become possible (for a person). Diꞌ ta marapat in unu-unu liyu dayn sin ingat ta. It isn’t possible (to do) anything that is beyond our ability. *dapat 1 vt. CH 1 ag -um-; pat -un. To blame (someone) for not fulfilling (his) words or promise, consider (someone) at fault. Dapatun ta kaw bang kaw diꞌ mari kunsūm. I’ll consider you at fault if you don’t come tomorrow. vi. ST exp ka-…-an. To be liable for blame, be found at fault for failure to fulfill (one’s words or promise). Diꞌ aku mabayaꞌ karapatan sin janjiꞌ ku kaymu. I don’t want to be found at fault for failure to fulfill my promise to you. 2 v. act mag-; inst pag-…-an. (For love or friendship) to be or become ruined. Nagdapat na in pagbagay nila sabab kiyustaw niya in sīn sin bagay hiya. Their friendship was ruined because he embezzled the money of his friend. 3 v. pat ma-. (With negative diꞌ) not capable of being endured or agreed to (because disagreeable or unsuitable). Diꞌ marapat in abbu sin tau ini! The boastfulness of this fellow is not endurable! dapaw n. Anything causing itchiness (esp. plants). Kimatul in baran niya sin dapaw. His body became itchy because of the itchy substance.    adj. marapaw Full of something that causes itchiness. Marapaw in dahun ini. These leaves really cause itchiness.    v. exp ka-…-an. To become itchy. Ay na kaw magkaput ha yan karapawan kaw. Don’t handle that, you’ll become itchy. dapit 1 adv. (Pertaining to direction) at the side of. In jaga sin prisidinti subay dapit pa tuu niya iban dapit pa lawa. The guards of the president should be at his right side and at his left side. Cf. harap 1, tudju 1 2 v. ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To side with or favor (someone). Mangiꞌ ha maas in magdapit ha anak bang awn kasāan. It is not good for parents to side with their children when they commit a mistake. Diyarapitan niya sadja in anak niya. She always sides with her son. Dapit niya dayn ha sugarul. His side was with the thief (i.e., he favored the thief). OV SYN. *dinu

hukuman dapit (comp.) v. One-sided judgment. *daplak 1 v. act -um-. To splash (as waves of the ocean). Dimaplak in alun pa higad. The wave splashed on the shore. Cf.: sampuwak, *sabulak. n. daplakan Shore. Hibīn ku ha daplakan in bangkaꞌ. I’ll leave the banca on the shore. 2 v. CV 1 ag mag-; pat hi-. To place (something somewhere) in a disorderly manner, scatter (things). Hiraplak niya sadja way āg in nutbuk niya. She just scatters her notebooks anywhere. Cf. kanat daplinan n. Boundary, frontier, borderland, territorial limit. In daplinan sin hulaꞌ subay lilingun sin magsusukud. Land boundaries should be surveyed by the land surveyor. Cf. higad 1 *daplis v. act mag-, -um-; ran -an. (For something) to scrape, scratch, or graze (something else) in passing. Diyaplisan sin pungluꞌ in paa niya. A bullet grazed his thigh. dapuꞌ v. ag mag-, -um-, mang-; pat -un. To pat, dab or tap (something repeatedly). Ayaw kaw magdapuꞌ ha lamisahan. Don’t tap on the table. Dapuun ku in taykud mu bat maīg in bukug ha liug mu. I’ll pat your back so that the bone that stuck in your neck will be removed. Cf. kuꞌkuꞌ, *dukduk dapug (gimb. daꞌpug) v. ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To set fire to, ignite (something). Dapugi in kaput ha halaman. Set fire to the trash in the courtyard. Diyapugan niya in bāy sin banta niya. He set fire to his enemy’s house. OV SYN. sunug, angpud dapulan n. A stove (both a fire table and a gas range, any cooking stove). Maglutuꞌ pa aku ha dapulan. I’ll cook on the stove. OV SYN. abuhan; Cf. sukul1 daraakun (from CV rdp. + daak + -un) n. A servant, helper (esp. a domestic worker, maid). Mataud daraakun sin sultan. The king has many servants. daral1 v. CH 1 ag mag-, -um-, mang-; pat -un. To fry (an egg). Daral kaw iklug. Fry an egg. Daralun ku muna in iklug. I’ll fry the egg first. Cf. aman 1 daral2 n. A confection made of grated coconut meat cooked with sugar packed in flour or rice starch wrappers. Masarap pagꞌinuman in daral. Grated coconut confection is delicious for snacks. (See Appendix 7: Kinds of Confections Served at Special Occasions)

daran adj. Often, frequently, always. Daran siya magsūd sīni. He goes frequently to the movies. Cf. mawmu daruhakaꞌ (var. of jahulakaꞌ) adj Cruel, unkind, pitiless, malicious. *dasaꞌ v. act mag-. To be in large quantity or abundance (as of fruit, vegetables, or fish). Nagdasaꞌ na in istaꞌ ha tabuꞌ. There is an abundance of fish at the market. Cf. taud, banus dasig (pūꞌ equiv. of *daꞌsig) v To speak loudly and shrilly, shout (at someone). dasluk v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un, hi-. To eat greedily, voraciously (used derogatorily). Dasluk na kaw, babuy kaw. Eat voraciously now, you pig. Daslukun ku na in kakaun ini? Will I eat this food voraciously? Cf. dahal, lagak, dambaꞌ, buslad dasu n. Satin brocade. In dasu masuhul paghinangun sawwal, masuhul hipagꞌampiꞌ. Satin brocade is sometimes used to make loose-fitting trousers and sometimes for the special wrap-around skirt. Cf. lanay, sutlaꞌ dasuk (var. dagsuk; dusuk) adj. Crowded, dense, stuffy (as a bus or movie). Dasuk sin tau in sīni bang Lannang in paguwaun. The movie house is crowded with people when it’s showing a Chinese picture.    v. AR ag mag-, -um-; pat -un; ran -an. [Ran focus is usual. With pat focus, it means to stuff very full indeed.] To stuff, cram (something with something else). Dasukan ta kapuk in ūan. We will stuff the pillow with kapok. Parayawa in kadasuk sin ūan. Make your stuffing of the pillow good. Cf. hipuꞌ, *suppul datag adj. Flat, level (as of a piece of land). Duun kaw ha lupaꞌ datag maghinang bāy. Build a house on that level piece of land. Cf. patag datuꞌ n. A prince, any male member of a royal family, datu. Durugan in datuꞌ yaun. That prince is handsome.    n. karatuan The datus collectively. Masūb magpasu kuraꞌ in manga karatuan. The datus are fond of horse riding.    v. ag mag-. To act in the capacity of a datu. Hisiyu in nagdatuꞌ dī sin waktu yadtu? Who reigned here

as datu during that time?    v. pat -un. To appoint (someone) as a datu. In tau datuun sin datuꞌ bukun datuꞌ purnaꞌ. A man who is appointed datu by another datu is not a real datu. datuꞌ-datuꞌ n. A doll. Masūb in bataꞌ-bataꞌ magpanayam iban datuꞌ-datuꞌ. Children are fond of playing with dolls. SYN. munyikaꞌ datung 1 v. TV ag -um-, mag-. To arrive. Lisag pila sila dimatung? What time did they arrive? v. ran -an. To be a recipient, be attacked or beset (by something, as a disease, fear, laziness). Diyatungan siya lidjikiꞌ dayn ha Tuhan. He received blessings from God. Bang kaw datungan hapus napas, inuma in ubat ini. If you’re attacked by asthma, take this medicine. Pangarap kaw pa Tuhan bang kaw datungan bugaꞌ. Pray to God if you’re beset by fears. OV SYN.: abut 3. n. datungan A place where someone stays upon arrival (as a house, hotel, or apartment). Kansiyu bāy in datungan mu ha Manilaꞌ? Whose house will you stay in when you arrive in Manila? 2 v. ag -um-; pat hi-. To appeal (a court case). Diyatung niya in parkalaꞌ pa saraꞌ dakulaꞌ. He appealed the case to the higher court. n. datungan A person or body to which a case is brought or referred. Sultan in datungan sin katān parkalaꞌ. The Sultan is the one to whom all cases are brought. daub v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un; ran -an. To lie prone, turn or turn (something) upside down; (for a boat) to capsize. Daub kaw bat kaubatan in paliꞌ ha taykud mu. Lie prone so we can put medicine in the wound on your back. Dauba in lamisahan. Turn the table upside down. Naraub in lansa ha lawd. The launch capsized in the deep sea. Cf. *lunud, luddang 1    n. Heads (in flipping a coin). ANT. dayaꞌ daub-dayaꞌ 1 n. A small hotcake-like confection (with grated coconut and sugar mixture inside). Masarap in luun sin daub-dayaꞌ. The filling of the small hotcake-like confection is delicious. (See Appendix 7: Kinds of Confections Served at Special Occasions) 2.1 vt. pat -un. To turn (something) upside down. Daub-dayaun namuꞌ in jip mu yan. We’ll turn that jeep of yours upside down. vi. pat ma-. To turn turtle, turn upside down. Naraub-dayaꞌ in tarak. The truck turned turtle. Naraub-dayaꞌ in altaꞌ niya. His wealth was turned upside down (i.e., was lost).

2.2 v. aux ma-. (To punish someone) severely. Naraub-dayaꞌ in bataꞌ bīnsanaꞌ sin amaꞌ niya. The child was severely punished by his father. daug n. A bunch (of coconuts). Pila lahing in hangka-raug? How many coconuts in a bunch? Cf. pungud, bulig *daug v. ag -um-, mag-; pat -un. To win (as a game, race, demand, lawsuit, battle) (ag focus); lose, be defeated (pat focus). Parayawa in pagkalang mu bat kaw dumaug. Sing well so you’ll win. Daugun kamu magbunuꞌ bang hangkatiyuꞌ in titimbakan niyu. You’ll be defeated in fighting if you have only a little ammunition.    n. daugan Winnings, profit, benefit. Pasuwaa kita sin daugan mu ha pagpanayaman. Give us a share of your winnings from gambling. Way kunuꞌ daugan ta magbunuꞌ iban parinta. There is no benefit, they say, from fighting with the government. *daup-daupan n. pagdaup-daupan The source of one’s happiness, joy or inspiration (as of a child or a woman). Awn na tuwiꞌ anak mu pagdaup-daupan mu. Now you have a child to be your source of happiness. Cf. kūg *dāut v. ag mag-; pat -un. To expect (help or favor from someone), hope. Gubnul in piyagdāut ku makatabang kākuꞌ. I am hoping for the governor to help me. In dāutun ku, Gubnul in magpajatu sin pagpangasawa ku. I am hoping that the governor will be the one to make the wedding arrangements for me. Cf. huwat-huwat *huwat dawa n. Millet, a cereal grass grown in Jolo and available in the market. Pakauna dawa in manuk-manuk. Feed the birds millet. (See Appendix 5: Plants) dawat n. The lead (of a pencil), tip (of a ballpoint pen). Nabaliꞌ in dawat sin pinsil ku. The lead of my pencil broke off. SYN. tinta dawgdug n. Thunder. Kiyublaan in bataꞌ-bataꞌ sin dawgdug. The child was frightened by the thunder.    v. none mag-. [With pa₂, agent is God.] To thunder. Magkilat muna ampa magdawgdug. It lightnings first and then it thunders. Cf. lutiꞌ dawhat n. Lofty or haughty ambition, aspiration (used with sarcasm and mockery). Diꞌ in parhimpunan

mabayaꞌ ha tau mataas in dawhat niya. The organization won’t accept a man with lofty ambitions.    v. AQ ag/goal mag-, -um-; pat -un. To aspire (haughtily or arrogantly) for something. Asal in abbuhan dawhatun minsan mahunit niya abutan. An arrogant fellow always aspires for things that he can hardly reach. *dawkan v. ag mag-; pat -un. (For a male animal) to cover (a female); (for people) to copulate (spoken in anger only). Ayaw kamu maghukut sin kuraꞌ niyu ha ād namuꞌ. Dawkanun sān sin kuraꞌ namuꞌ. Don’t tie your horse to our fence. It will be covered by our horse.    v. ag magpa-; pat papag-…-un. To breed (animals). Magpadawkan kami sapiꞌ mandangan. We will breed a bull. Papagdawkanun in manga sapiꞌ sin tagdapu. The owner will cause the cows to be bred. dawmuan n. A variety of bamboo. Makamdus in dawmuan. A bamboo is durable. Cf. patung1 dayꞌ v. [Unaffixed.] Come. Dayꞌ kaw mari. Come here. Cf. mari (with -um-); kari *dayꞌ adv. dayꞌ-dayꞌ A comparatively short time, soon. Dayꞌ-dayꞌ dakuman maubus na in hinang ku. It will not be long and I will finish my work.    adv. marayꞌ Probably, perhaps, maybe, possibly; soon, about to happen. Marayꞌ sila dumatung kunsūm. They’ll probably arrive tomorrow. daya n. Wealth, wealthiness, affluence, opulence. Diꞌ marā in daya pa kamatay. We can’t bring wealth to our grave (i.e., can’t take it with us past the grave).    v. ag mag-, -um-. To become rich or wealthy. Diꞌ kaw magdaya bang kaw diꞌ magtuyuꞌ magꞌusaha. You will not become rich if you don’t diligently work.    adj. dayahan Wealthy, rich, affluent, opulent. In tau dayahan masannang. A rich man lives comfortably. Cf. altaan altaꞌ, awnan awn dayaꞌ v. ag mag-, um-; pat hi-, -un. To lie on the back, put (something) facing upward. Dayaꞌ kaw ha kulangan. Lie on your back on the bed. Nagdarayaꞌ na in bataꞌ-bataꞌ. The child is lying on his back. Subay mu hirayaꞌ in baldi pa sugahan. You should place the pail facing upward under the heat of the sun.    n. Tails (in flipping a coin). Unu in kaymu, daub, dayaꞌ? Which is yours, heads or tails? ANT. daub daub-dayaꞌ (comp.) n. A small hot-cake-like confection.

v. To turn (something) or be turned upside down. dayang (var. dāng) n. A term of respect for a lady teacher or an elder sister (used with the personal marker hi); madam, ma’am; vocative used in speaking to such a person (usu. preceded by babuꞌ [auntie] or kakaꞌ [elder sister]); term of endearment and respect for any girl young or old, dear. Walaꞌ dī hi Dayang. Madam is not here. Babuꞌ dayang, hindui aku mangadjiꞌ. Ma’am, teach me to read (the Koran). Kari kaw dayang. Come here, dear. dayang-dayang n. Princess, title of respect for a daughter of the Sultan. In dayang-dayang anak sin sultan. A princess is the child of the king. *dayaw 1 n. (Intrinsic) goodness. In dayaw sin tau yan diꞌ hikasipat. One cannot find the equal of the goodness of that man. vt. pat -un. To improve, repair, or remodel (something). Subay dayawun in dān pa gimba. The road to the interior must be improved. vi. ST pat -um-. (For something) to improve. Dumayaw in makina bang lanuan. The engine will improve (in performance) if it is cleaned. adj. marayaw Good (may be used as a response to a greeting); (of a man) handsome. Maunu-unu kaw? Marayaw. How are you? Good. Marayaw usug in tau yaun. That man is handsome. n. karayawan (Acquired) goodness, improvement, value. Unu in karayawan sin pagꞌiskul? What goodness does education bring? 2 v. rdp. RC ag mag-. (For people) to get along well (with each other). Magdayaw-rayaw kamu magtaymanghud. You brothers and sisters get along well with each other. v. rdp. ag mang-; pat -un. To win over, placate, or conciliate (someone); soothe (someone’s) anger. Dayaw-rayawa siya bat magad kaymu. Placate her so she’ll go with you. v. ag mag-. (For people) to be reconciled (esp. after a quarrel). Nagdayaw man sila naīg na in sakit atay niya. After they were reconciled, her bitter feelings were gone. 3.1 n. pagdayaw An internal organ (of the body), a part of a piece of equipment (that has a number of parts). 3.2 n. pagdayaw A plow. dayn 1 rel. From. Dayn ha hulaꞌ Milikan siya. He is from America.

2 rel. Than. Marayaw in ini dayn ha yan. This one is better than that one. dayn diin adv. From where. Dayn diin taꞌ kamu yan? Where are you from? Dayn diin aku tumagnaꞌ magꞌitung? From where shall I start counting? SYN. dayn hain dayn hain adv. From where, where. Dayn hain in manga tau yan? Where do those people come from? Dayn hain kaw nakarungug sin suysuy yan? Where did you hear that information? SYN. dayn diin daypara (gimb. laypara) adv. [Indicates an event or state which has altered the outcome expressed by the previous clause or sentence. Can often be translated ‘fortunately’ or ‘unfortunately’ depending on the context.] In fact. Ambayaꞌ na masunug in kabāyan katān. Daypara dimatung in bumbiru. All the houses were almost burned. Fortunately the fire truck arrived. Dimaug sa yadtu. Daypara diyapitan sin manga nakuraꞌ in atu niya. He should have won. Unfortunately, the leaders favored his opponent. daytaꞌ v. ag -um-, mang-. To endure (punishment or pain). Diꞌ na aku makadaytaꞌ tumanggung sin ajabulla. I can no longer endure the Divine punishment. dayuꞌ n. A chicken esp. a white rooster used as an offering or scapegoat to appease a person’s spirit twin that causes sickness to the person himself.{It cannot be eaten, for it is believed to have the sickness of the victim. It is first offered as a gift to the twin spirit and then abandoned to wander in the vicinity of a graveyard.} Cf. saluꞌ, manas, lintikan dayung n. An oar, a large oar, a sweep (used in small vessels to propel as well as to assist the rudder).    v. ag mag-; goal -un; ran -an. To propel a boat with a large oar from the stern with a sweeping motion, use a large oar. Sin way pa makina magdayung iban maglayag sadja in manga tau. When there were yet no motors, people used large oars and sails. Cf. bugsay 1, tukun dayyus n. A cuckold, husband of an adulteress. Dayyus in usug bang in asawa niya magꞌusug-usug dugaing. A man is a cuckold if his wife goes around with other men. dī adj. Here (close to speaker). Kabayaan ku dī ha Parang maghulaꞌ. My wish is to reside here in Parang.    v. ag -um-, -im-. To stay here. Dimī siya kunuꞌ duwa adlaw. He says he will stay here two days. Cf. duun, didtu

diꞌ adv. No, not (negates predicates which have not begun aspect verbs as heads). Diꞌ aku mabayaꞌ kaymu. I don’t like you. Mabayaꞌ kaw kumaun? Diꞌ. Would you like to eat? No! Cf. bukun, way 1, walaꞌ, wayruun, ayaw didtu adj. There (far, out of sight). Didtu in iskul nila, malayuꞌ. Their school is far over there (out of sight). Bang kaw didtu na, parāhan ta kaw sulat. When you are there, I’ll send you a letter.    v. ag -um-. To stay there at a far place. Dimidtu siya ha Istit duwa tahun. He stayed in the States two years. Cf. dī, duun digpiꞌ n. A piece of lumber, board. Lantayan ta digpiꞌ in bāy. We will floor the house with lumber. Cf. pasagiꞌ, listun dihang n. An unbeliever. In manga tau dihang way agama iyaagaran. The unbelievers are not following any religion. Cf. kapil dihil v. CV 2 ag mag-, -um-, mang-; pat hi-; goal -an. To give (something to someone). Dihil kaw mari duwa pilak. Give (me) your two pesos. Hirihil ku kaniya in pinsil. I will give him the pencil. Dihili aku mital-mital. Give me a tin can.    n. magdirihil A giver. Tuhan in magdirihil sin unu-unu katān. God is the giver of all things. Cf. sarakka, duhal, *tukbal, ungsud2 diin pron. What. Diin na in sukang amu na in kiyakaun niya. What was forbidden to her, that is what she is eating. diin-diin pron. Whatever. Diin-diin na in kabayaan mu agad na kami. We are amenable to whatever you like. SYN. unu-unu 1 dilaꞌ n. Tongue. Luputan in dilaꞌ mu. Stick out your tongue. (See Appendix 6: The Parts of the Body) habaꞌ dilaꞌ (idiom) adj. Talkative (lit. long tongue). duhul-duhul dilaꞌ (idiom) n. About to be said, esp. because almost but not quite recalled (lit. [on] the tip of [one’s] tongue). Yari ha duhul-duhul dilaꞌ ku in ngan niya, sa diꞌ ku katumtuman. His name is on the tip of my tongue, but I can’t think of it right now. halhal dilaꞌ (idiom) n. Someone who is repeatedly taught something but who doesn’t obey or doesn’t

learn (lit. hanging-out tongue. See halhal 2). dilam n. A hard, transparent precious stone, varying in color; sapphire. *dilat v. ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To pass the tongue over, lick (something). Malummiꞌ in lāy yan bakas dīlatan sin kuting. That dish is dirty. It was licked by the cat. SYN. lakut *dinu v. ag mag-. {Rare} To favor or take sides with someone. Subay kita diꞌ magdinu bang in kabataan magkālu. We should not take sides if the children quarrel. SYN. dapit 2 dingding n. A wall of or partition in (a building).    v. AR ag mag-; ran -an. To put walling on (a structure). Dingdingan ku sin digpiꞌ in kusina. I will wall the kitchen with wood.    v. pat -un. To partition (a room or building). Dingdingun ta in pantān ini. We will partition this porch. Cf. *tampan 1 dingding hali n. (Lit. wall of rest) pieces of board about two inches thick, one foot wide, and three to four feet long used to seal up a corpse in a separate chamber from the grave hole. Dingding hali in hipagtabun sin paliyangan sin patay. The ‘wall of rest’ is used to cover the deep chamber where the corpse is laid. dinggi-ringgi n. A speedy launch, a small boat with big horsepower. Dinggi-ringgi in pagꞌusalun ha pagꞌismagulan. A speedy launch is used in smuggling. dingluꞌ 1 n. Diamond (the shape). In pussuk sin budjak biyaꞌ dingluꞌ. The point of the spear is like a diamond in shape. 2 n. A diamond-shaped confection made of sago palm. Magpikit ha ipun in dingluꞌ. The diamondshaped confection sticks to one’s teeth. (See Appendix 7: Kinds of Confections Served at Special Occasions) dīp v. CH 1 ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To slice (something as mango, wanni, bawnuꞌ). Dīp na kaw mampallam yan! Slice some mango! Dīpun ku in wanni. I will slice the wanni. Dīpi aku mampallam. Slice a mango for me. Cf. huyaꞌ (See utud for table.)

*diplaꞌ v. act mag-, -um-. To spit out (blood) profusely (as of someone having advanced tuberculosis); hemorrhage from the mouth. Nagdiplaꞌ duguꞌ in inaꞌ niya kabii. His mother hemorrhaged from the mouth last night. diyandi n. Light-weight printed cotton fabric, calico. Marayaw hinangun sambra in diyandi. In sablay subay buwal sabab manipis. It’s good to make a short-sleeved Malay blouse from calico. A longsleeved Malay blouse should be voile because it’s thin. diyat n. Money used to recompense (for physical injuries done to someone). Subay kaw dumihil diyat ha tau kiyakal mu. You should give recompense money to the man you clubbed.    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To recompense with money (for physical injury done to someone). Subay diyatun in bataꞌ namula mu ha supaya way kālu. We should recompense with money the child that you hurt so that there will be no quarrel. Cf. *ayuꞌ, bangun2 duꞌduꞌ v. act -um-. To stumble and fall down (on one’s buttocks). Nakaduꞌduꞌ siya pa batu. He stumbled and fell down on a stone. Cf. *ligad, *bungkuꞌ    v. pat hi-. To knock (something against a surface). Hiduꞌduꞌ ta sa kān pa lupaꞌ bang kaw diꞌ magkahagad. I’ll knock you against the ground if you don’t obey. OV SYN. muꞌmuꞌ *duꞌgas v. AR ag mag-; ran -an. To repound rice in order to clean it more thoroughly. Duꞌgasi naa in bugas, bukun pa malanuꞌ. Pound the rice again, it’s not yet clean. Cf. bayu *duꞌlag (gimb. equiv. of dullag) v To look steadily and intently; stare (at someone) with eyes wide open (as in anger, fear, surprise, wonder). *dubdub v. ag mag-; goal pag-…-an. To murmur, mumble, grumble or mutter (against something). Ayaw magdubdub bang naghihinang. Don’t grumble when you’re working.    n. pagdubdub Murmuring, muttering, grumbling. Bukun marayaw in pagdubdub ha addat sin tau. Murmuring is not a good character of a person. Cf. kimut-kimut dubli (Tag.) adj. Double, having two of one kind, twofold. Subay dubli in gadji bang mataud in hinang. The salary must be twofold if there’s much work.    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To double (something). Dubliha in sukay niya! Double his fare! Cf. lapis1

dublun (Eng.) n. A gold coin. Kamawmuhan in dublun hipagpin ha sablay. Usually a gold coin is used to pin a loose fitting Malay blouse. Cf. bulawan dugaing adj. Other, different. Dugaing siya dayn ha bataꞌ kaibanan. He is different from other children.    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To make (something) different, separate (something, as a rotten mango from the good ones). Dugainga in istaꞌ dakulaꞌ dayn ha asibiꞌ. Separate the big fish from the small ones. Cf. kandī dugal n. (Intense) anger, bad temper. Diꞌ ku na kasandalan in dugal ku. I can’t hold my anger any longer.    v. act mag-, -um-, -an; exp ka-…-an. To become intensely angry, have a tantrum (esp. of a child). Dugalan siya bang mu siya putingan. He will get intensely angry if you lie to him. In bataꞌ-bataꞌ nagdurugal. The child is having tantrums.    adj. marugal Angry, in a state of anger. Marugal siya ha bataꞌ yaun. He is angry at that child. Cf. astul, bunsi, amā dugang n. Addition, something added to another, the rest (of something). Dāha mari in dugang sin sīn. Bring here the addition to the money.    v. AR ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. (For something) to increase; add (something to something else). Magdurugang in kasusahan niya. His troubles are increasing. Subay ta dugangan naa in katalan. We should add some more bond paper. OV SYN. ganap dugdug 1 adj. Rotten. Amuna in hirihil mu kāmuꞌ in dugdug istaꞌ ini. What you give us is this rotten fish. v. ST pat ma-. To rot. Bang marugdug na in manga mampallam yan, bugitan na. If those mangoes rot, throw them away. SYN.: haluꞌ 1. 2 adj. Morally corrupt, rotten (fig.), offensive. Ayaw kaw mangandul ha dugdug tau yan. Don’t trust that rotten man. dugsuꞌ v. ag mag-, -um-, mang-; ran -an. [Mag- means to stab oneself, mang- to stab someone else.] To stab with something sharp and pointed as a hunting knife, ice pick, etc. Nagdugsuꞌ siya sabab diꞌ mabayaꞌ in babai kaniya. He stabbed himself because the girl disliked him, (i.e., rejected him). Siya in mangdugsuꞌ ha pulis. He’ll stab the policeman. Ayaw mu kita dugsui sin laring mu. Don’t stab me with your knife. Cf. tugsuk 1

dugsul1 n. An ulcerated wound. Ubati in dugsul niya. Apply medicine on his ulcerated wound.    v. ST pat -un. (For a cut, wound, or sore) to be or become ulcerated. Dugsulun in ugud mu bang mu diꞌ ubatan. Your sore will become ulcerated if you don’t apply medicine on it. Diyurugsul in paliꞌ niya. His cut is ulcerated. dugsul2 v. AR ag mag-; ran -an. {Rare} To shave (the eyebrows). In kaibanan babai pagdugsulan in kilay. Some women shave their eyebrows. In magdugsul sin kilay magpalingkat sin lupa. (Women) shave their eyebrows to beautify themselves. *dugtul v. ag mag-; pat -un, hi-. To collide, jostle, run into (something). Dugtula in tau yan. Run into that man. Nagdugtul in tarak iban jīp. The truck collided with a jeep. dugu 1 n. A corner, a place behind (something). Tapukan in barung ha dugu sin lawang. Hide the bladed weapon behind the door. Cf. pidju 2 v. rdp. aux mag-, -un. To do something in secret, in a corner. Magdugu-dugu sadja sila magbichara. They just talk in secret. duguꞌ 1.1 n. Blood. Mataud duguꞌ in naīg kaniya. So much blood flowed out of him. v. act mag-, -um-; ran ka-…-an. To bleed. Nagduruguꞌ in paliꞌ niya. His wound is bleeding. 1.2 v. pat -un. To experience menstruation. Duguun in babai sangput na. A girl menstruates when she reaches the age of puberty. 2 n. One’s life. Subay kita magꞌasag duguꞌ bang magbawgbug sin hulaꞌ. When we uphold our land we should be willing to give our lives. 3 n. A blood relative. Diꞌ aku makatawakkal mamunuꞌ sin duguꞌ ku. I don’t dare to kill my blood relative. SYN. unud 3 *duguk v. ag -um-. To rush and crowd (as of people rushing to an accident scene), swarm (as of flies or bees). Dimuguk in pikut pa haluꞌ istaꞌ. The flies are swarming around the rotten fish. Cf. tipun duhal v. CV 2 ag mag-; pat hi-. To deliver, hand over (something to someone). Duhal kaw mari sin manga labban yan. Hand me those boxes. Duhalan in malita ku. Hand over my suitcase. Hiruhal ku mān in sulat ini mattu kan Aida. I will just deliver this letter to Aida. Cf. dihil, *tukbal, ungsud2, madtu kadtu

duhul n. End, extremity, edge, point, tip (as of a finger). Nagisiꞌ in duhul badjuꞌ mu. The edge of your dress is torn. Cf. hulihan *huli, buliꞌ 1 duhul-duhul dilaꞌ (see dilaꞌ) duhun adj. Increased in degree, aggravated, intensified, worse. Duhun na in susa bang way sīn mu. Your problem will be aggravated by your lack of money.    v. act mag-, -um-; goal -an. To increase in degree, become worse, be aggravated, intensify. Magduruhun in sakit sin ū ku. My headache is becoming worse. Cf. karuk, kansang, landuꞌ duhung v. act mag-, -um-; ran -an. To stop, cease. Duhung na ba kaw magtangis. Now stop your crying. Paruhunga in awtu ha daig tabuꞌ. Stop the car by the market. SYN. hundung *duis (var. of *duwis) v To dip (something) into (something else), spread (something) on (something else). *dukduk v. ag mang-, mag-; pat -un. To pound (someone) with the fist. Dukduka siya ha taykud. Pound him on the back with your fist. SYN. *tibuꞌ; Cf. suntuk dukka n. Grief, woe, tribulation (also karukkaan). Nalawaꞌ in pangannal niya sabab limanduꞌ in karukkaan niya. She lost her reason because of too much grief.    v. ag mag-. magkarukkaan; goal pag-…-an. To grieve, lament, mourn. Landuꞌ siya nagdukka ha anak niya. She grieves so much for her lost child. Ayaw na kaw magkarukkaan tuud bat kaw diꞌ masakit. Don’t grieve too much, you might become ill. Cf. susa duknay n. A name applied to several club mosses. Mataud duknay nagtutubuꞌ ha pagtanuman sin manga sayul. There are many club mosses growing where the vegetables are planted. (See Appendix 5: Plants) *dukuꞌ-dukuꞌ v. ag mag-; goal pag-…-an. To joke with or tease (someone). Ayaw naman kamu magdukuꞌ-dukuꞌ kākuꞌ. Stop teasing me. Cf. langug, juri dukut1 1 n. Burnt rice (at the bottom of the rice pot). In dukut amu in kaunun sunug mīmikit ha buliꞌ anglit. ‘Dukut’ is the burnt rice sticking at the bottom of the pot. v. act mag-, -um-. To stick to and get burnt. Ayaw kaw magtugnaꞌ ha anglit yan. Magdukut in kaunun.

Don’t cook in that rice pot. The rice will stick and get burnt. 2 v. act mag-, -um-. (For ink, pencil lead) to adhere (to a surface). Bang diꞌ dumukut in bulpin in hāti niya diꞌ mikit in tinta niya pa kātas. If the (ink of the) ball pen won’t adhere, it shows that the ink won’t flow. adj. marukut Having or producing a heavy mark, dark shade (as of pencil, ballpen, color). Marukut tuud in pagkulur mu sin pattaꞌ. When you colored the picture you made it very dark. dukut2 v. act -um-; ran -an. (For a flammable substance) to ignite or be ignited. Diꞌ dukutan sin kāyu bang in kahuy basaꞌ. If the firewood is wet, it won’t ignite. Parukutan ta kaw kahuy bang kaw magtugnaꞌ. I’ll start the fire for you when you cook. *dūl 1 v. pat hi-; ran -an. To permit, allow, grant, give over. Diꞌ ta kaw dūlan magpūt wanni. I’ll certainly not allow you to pick up wanni. Hirūl ku kaniya in kabayaan niya magꞌiskul. I’ll grant him his wish to go to school. OV SYN. *tugut 1 2 v. ag magpa-; pat pa-…-un. To indulge (one’s desires); enjoy (what one desires). Bābā kaw buhiꞌ pa, pagparūl kaw sin kanapsuhan mu. While you’re still living, indulge yourself in whatever you desire. Subay parūlun in baran sin kanapsuhan ha supaya marayaw in parasahan. You should indulge your desires so that you’ll feel good. dūl-bayaꞌ (comp.) n. Freedom (to do something). dūl-bayaꞌ n. Freedom (to do something). Dūl-bayaꞌ siya manaw. She has the freedom to go out.    v. ag mag-. To have freedom (to do something), be allowed one’s own way. Magdūl-bayaꞌ siya sin kabayaan niya. He has the freedom to do what he pleases. Magdūl-bayaꞌ siya sin altaꞌ kiyabīn sin maas niya. He was allowed his own way with the wealth his elders left to him. Cf. pasād derv. *sād dulang n. A tray laden with food.    v. AR ag mag-; ran -an. To serve (someone) a tray of food. Subay dulangan in manga datuꞌ. We must serve the datus a tray of food. Cf. batunjang, palanggana, talam dulang-dulang n. The small fleshy process hanging down from the middle of the soft palate above the back of the tongue, uvula. Kussua in dulang-dulang mu bat kaw makasuka. Push your uvula so you can vomit.

dulaw n. Turmeric, an East Indian herb of the ginger family. Butangi dulaw in gataꞌ ha supaya magbiyaning. Add turmeric to the coconut milk so that it will become yellow. Curcuma longa    v. AR ag mag-; ran -an. To color (food such as vegetables and rice) with turmeric. Subay dulawan in giyataan. One should add turmeric to the dish made with coconut milk. Cf. luuya dullag (gimb. *duꞌlag) v. ag mag-, -um-, mang-; ran -an. To look steadily and intently (at someone), stare (at someone) with eyes wide open (as in anger, fear, surprise, wonder). Saꞌ diyullag in mata pagkitaꞌ ha patay. He became wide-eyed when he saw the corpse. Dullagi in bataꞌ bat mugaꞌ. Stare wide-eyed at the child so he will be afraid. SYN. liggat; Cf. atud, kitaꞌ 1, ilag1, *idlap dulug v. ag mag-, -um-; pat hi-. To contribute (money, an idea, etc.). Dumulug aku kayꞌman pilak hipagdayaw sin taytayan. I’ll contribute fifty pesos for the repair of the footbridge. Marayaw bang awn pikilan hikadulug niyu. It’s good if you can contribute some ideas. dūm n. Night (as opposed to day). Dūm na in hulaꞌ way pa dimatung hi Utuꞌ. It’s already night but Sonny has not yet arrived.    v. act -um-, ma-; ran -an. To be overtaken by the night. Dā kamu ilaw, gana-gana dūman kamu ha dān. Carry a light, for you might be overtaken by the night.    adv. dūm-dūm Every night. Magkadtu siya pa paghinangan niya dūm-dūm. He goes to his work every night. dumpul (var. of tumpul) adj (Of objects) dull. dumul v. ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To look down (at something). Dumuli in siyusulat mu. Look down at what you’re writing. Cf. tukkuꞌ, anduk dunat n. A kind of confection made from flour, doughnut. *dundang v. ag mag-; pat -un. To swing, sway to and fro (as of something suspended); rock (as a child in a cradle). Dundanga in bataꞌ-bataꞌ bat makatūg. Rock the baby so she can go to sleep.    n. dundangan A swing, cradle. Makatūg marayaw in bataꞌ-bataꞌ bang ha lawm dundangan. The baby can sleep well when in the cradle. Cf. buwahan *buwa

dunuk n. A flood, deluge. Mataud in miyatay sin dunuk. Many died in the flood.    v. act mag-, -um-; ran -an. To flood. Nagdunuk in lawm Tiyanggi sin kusug sin ulan. Jolo was flooded as a result of hard rain. SYN. latap; Cf. lanaw, umbak tawpan dūng 1 n. The bow of a ship (the front or forward where it begins to curve). Nahipuꞌ sin luwan in dūng sin kappal. The bow of the boat is full of cargo. v. TR ag mag-; goal -un. To head the prow (of a boat) or the front (of a vehicle in a certain direction). Dūnga sadja in subangan. Head the prow to the east. 2 n. dūngan Destination, where one is going. Diꞌ niya kaingatan in dūngan niya bang harap pakain. He doesn’t know where he’s going. dungan adv. Together with, along with, in company with. Dungan sila miyari kahapun. They came together yesterday.    v. ag mag-; pat -un. (To do something) at the same time or together. Nagdungan sila nagbiyula. They played the viola together. Dunganun ku na in pagbayad sin tubig iban ilaw. I will pay the water and the light at the same time. OV SYN. dūraꞌ dungaw v. ag mag-, -um-. To look through (a window). Dimungaw aku dayn ha tandawan paglabay sin parid. I looked through the window when the parade passed by. Padungawun ku hi Indaꞌ bat mu kakitaan. I’ll ask Indaꞌ to look through the window so you can see. SYN. tandaw *dungdung v. ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To think over, ponder, consider or deliberate (something). Subay ta pagdungdungan in hinduꞌ sin maas ta. We must consider the advice of our parents. Dungdungi in hinduꞌ ku kaymu. You think about what I tell you. Cf. pikil, *kannal *dungguꞌ v. act -um-, mag-. (For a boat) to dock, to come to shore or port. Sūng na dumungguꞌ in kappal. The boat is ready to dock.    n. dungguan A place for boats to dock, pier. Ha jambatan in dungguan sin manga kappal. The place for ships to dock is at the wharf. dunggut n. A thin, short, smooth piece of bamboo (used for picking and killing human nits and lice). In dunggut pagꞌusalun ha pagkutu. The thin, short, smooth piece of bamboo is used for picking human

nits and lice. Cf. sūd2 dungkug adj. Stooped, having the head and shoulders or the upper part of the body bent forward (spoken of an old man or woman.) Dungkug na in maas yaun. That old one is stooped with age. OV SYN. kuug dungug v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To listen, hear, pay attention to or take heed (by listening). Dungug kaw sin nasihat. You listen to the sermon. Pagdungugun mu da in hinduꞌ ku? Do you listen to my teaching? Dunguga in hinduꞌ sin maas mu. Take heed to your parents’ counsel. Cf. taynghug    n. pangdungug The sense of hearing. Mangiꞌ na in pangdungug sin maas yaun. The sense of hearing of that old man is already defective. dungul (gimb. duꞌngul) n. Firewood. Hilangi in dungul sin kāyu. Take away some of the firewood from the fire.    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat hi-; ran -an. To add firewood (to a fire, esp. in cooking). Dungulan in kahuy pa kāyu. Add the wood to the fire. dunya (var. junya) n. The planet earth; the world. Piyapanjari sin Tuhan in dunya iban saraꞌ niya. God created the earth with its natural law. Cf. awan    v. ag mag-. To be concerned or preoccupied with the things of this world. In tau magdunya sadja ha mahuli adlaw sumusun da. A man who is concerned only with the things of the world will regret it in the end. dupa 1 n. An arm span (a measure of length or depth). Hangdupa in habaꞌ sin lubid. The length of the rope is equal to an arm span. v. ag -um-; pat -un. To measure (something) by arm spans. Dupahun ku naa in lakbang sin kakanaꞌ ini. I’ll measure by arm spans the width of this cloth. (See sukud1 for table.) 2 v. ag mag-. To extend one’s arms to the side. v. pat pa-…-un. To punish someone by forcing his arms to be extended sideways for a long time (usu. with some heavy objects on both hands). Subay parupahun in manga bataꞌ yan bat magluga. We have to punish the children by making them extend their arms sideways for a long time so they’ll learn a lesson.

dupang adj. Stupid, silly, foolish (a derogatory term). In tau dupang kulang in pikilan. A stupid fellow lacks wit.    n. karupangan Stupidity, foolishness. Ayaw kaw magad sin karupangan niya. Don’t do like his foolishness.    vt. ag mang-; pat -un. To fool (someone) or be fooled. Maluhay dupangun in tau dupang. It’s easy to fool a stupid person. Cf. julup, babbal, asmak duplak n. A plant disease caused by an insect. Miyatay sin duplak in manga pananum. The plants died of a disease caused by an insect.    v. pat -un. (For plants) to be infested by insects. Diyuplak in pichay tiyanum ku. The pechay I planted was infested by insects. *dupun v. AR ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To press down (something) with the hand or finger (as a doorbell). Subay mu dupunan in daghal niya bat diꞌ magsuka. You should press down his chest with your hand so that he won’t vomit. Cf. daꞌgan dūraꞌ adv. Together with, along with, in company with. Dūraꞌ kami naggraduwit. We graduated together from school.    v. RC ag mag-. To do something together reciprocally. Magdūraꞌ na kita muwiꞌ. Let’s go home together.    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To cause (something) to be in company with (something else). Dūraun ku na in pagꞌuliꞌ sin manga biyūsan ku kaymu. I’ll return all together what I’ve borrowed from you. SYN. dungan; Cf. sama-sama durri n. A precious gem. Walaꞌ pa aku nākitaꞌ palmata durri. I have not seen a gem called durri. Cf. intan 1, kumalaꞌ, jamrud, mussaꞌ 1 duruꞌ n. Breast, udder, milk gland. Malagguꞌ in duruꞌ sin babai dayn ha usug. A woman’s breast is bigger than that of a man.    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To suck milk (from the breast, udder or bottle), nurse. Nagduruꞌ in bataꞌbataꞌ ha inaꞌ niya. The baby is sucking milk from the breast of his mother.    n. duruan An artificial milk bag or bottle.

sāw duruꞌ (comp.) n. A relationship by nursing, wherein a baby nurses from the breast of a woman not its own mother and is considered a brother or sister of the real children of the woman. *durug adj. durugan/marurug (Of a man) handsome, good-looking. In usug marurug kabayaan sin babai. A handsome fellow is admired by women. OV SYN. marayaw *dayaw 1, panjang bassal durul n. An indigenous confection usu. made of powdered rice, corn or flour mixed with coconut milk and sugar. Durul in inuman ta gana-gana mahapun. Our merienda this afternoon will be durul.    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To make this kind of confection. Durulun ku in tapung ini bihaun. I will make durul out of this rice flour now. (See Appendix 7: Kinds of Confections Served at Special Occasions) dusa n. Sin, crime, guilt, fault. Dusa malagguꞌ in magjina. Adultery is a great sin.    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To commit a sin, crime, or fault. Magdusa pa parinta lāgiꞌ pa Tuhan in tau mamumunuꞌ. Murderers commit a crime against the government and even more sin against God. *dusdus v. ag mag-; pat hi-. (For God) to punish (someone here on earth), bring (someone) low.{Usu. means for God to take someone’s wealth away.} Bang in mānusiyaꞌ hirusdus sin Tuhan kasiksaan in labayan niya ha dunya. If a man is punished by God, he’ll live a miserable life on earth. Cf. mulkaꞌ 1 dusina (Tag.) n. A dozen. Pila dusina lāy in bīhun mu? How many dozen plates will you buy? *dustaꞌ v. ag mang-; pat -un. [Does not occur with pa₂.] To test (one’s honesty, intelligence, skill, or patience) with the intent to contradict or provoke. Ayaw mu dustaa in ingat sin mastal. Don’t try to test the ability of the teacher.    n. mangdurustaꞌ One who habitually tests with the intent to provoke. Mangdurustaꞌ siya sin unu-unu hinduꞌ sin agama. He habitually tests any religious teaching with the intent to provoke. Cf. sulay dusuk (var. of dasuk) adj Crowded, dense, stuffy. dusun1 v. ag mag-; pat hi-; ran -an. To press (something) down. Hidusun ta in badjuꞌ pa lawm karut. Let’s press the clothes down into the sack. OV SYN. dasuk dusun2 v. ag mag-, -um-. {Rare} To proceed (to a certain place). Dusun kaw bihaun pa tabuꞌ. Bīhi kita istaꞌ dakulaꞌ. You proceed now to the market. Buy for us big fish.

   v. ag mag-, -um-; pat hi-. To take (something somewhere). Dusunan in sīn ini pa bāy hi apuꞌ mu. Take this money to your grandmother’s house. OV SYN. lanjal, madtu kadtu, hapit1 duun adj. There, at that place (a distance between here close at hand and there far out of sight). Duun da in bāy namuꞌ ha liyu sin kahuy yan. There is our house on the other side of that tree.    v. ag -um-. To stay there. Dumuun aku matūg ha bāy mu dūm ini. I’ll stay there at your house and sleep tonight. Cf. dī, didtu duwa 1 adj. Two. Duwa tahun in lugay nila dī. They have been here two years. v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To ride on the same conveyance with (another person), (for one person) to take another on (with him on his conveyance). Dumuwa aku kaymu madtu pa tabuꞌ. I’ll ride on with you to the market. OV SYN.: angkas1 . v. pat -un. To be in twos, (do something) in twos, use two (of something). Duwahun ta in pagbutangan sin manga sumping. We’ll use two containers to put the flowers in. adv. magduwa In two, into two (parts). Bahagiun ta magduwa in kakaun ini. We’ll divide this food into two parts. 2 adv. duwa-ruwa Undecided, vacillating. Biyaꞌ duwa-ruwa aku magad kaniya iban diꞌ. I’m undecided whether to go with him or not. OV SYN. hawal-hawal, alang duwa bayhuꞌ adj. (Of people) insincere, two-faced, deceiving. Diꞌ kapangandulan in tau duwa bayhuꞌ. One can’t trust a two-faced person. duwaa n. A generalized type of prayer which is performed on various occasions and accompanies many rituals, short Islamic devotional prayer said in Arabic.{It is intoned by one or more religious officials. A small brass or porcelain dish with hot coals is placed in front of one of them into which he sprinkles grains of incense.} Awn subay duwaa bang awn paghinang. There should be a short Islamic devotional prayer when there is a special occasion. Subay mangayuꞌ duwaa pa Tuhan ha way bayabaya in pagtulak hinda Utuꞌ. We should ask a prayer (i.e., pray) to God that the travel of Sonny and company will be safe (see pangayuꞌ duwaa).    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. (For an imam) to perform such a prayer. Nagpaduwaa sila ha manga patay. They are having prayers said for the dead.

duwaa aruwa n. A ritual commemorating dead relatives (esp. upon having bad dreams about them); prayer for curative purposes at ceremonial gatherings.{It is believed by some that dead ancestors cause sickness because they have been forgotten by the living. The duwaa aruwa assures the dead that they are forever in the considerations of the living.} Subay na hīnang in duwaa aruwa ampa himundung in panagainup niya. It was only after the ritual commemorating the dead relative was done that her nightmares stopped.    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To perform such a ritual. Magduwaa kita aruwa pa manga miyatay sabab mangiꞌ in tagainup ku kabii. Let’s perform the ritual for the dead. I had a bad dream last night. Cf. duwaa salamat, tawbat duwaa pa taas n. A type of duwaa performed on top of a hill to appease the spirits of one’s ancestors.{If it was the practice in one (or both) spouse’s family to perform this ceremony they will perform it after the birth of every child. If they do not perform it, they believe that the spirits of their ancestors will be offended and will cause either the child to die or them (the parents) to go crazy. The consequences for failure to observe this ceremony are more serious than for failure to observe kāja.}    v. ag mag-. To perform this ceremony. OV SYN. kāja; Cf. kaput1 1.1 duwaa salamat n. A short prayer of thanksgiving (intoned by two or more imams in Arabic).{The imams are seated on a mat and a brass bowl or coconut shell with hot coals from the stove is placed in front of an imam into which he sprinkles grains of incense. This short devotional prayer is esp. performed when someone is going on a journey, moving to a new home, or has been delivered from any danger.}    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To perform such a ritual. Magparuwaa salamat kitaniyu. Let’s have a thanksgiving prayer ceremony. duwal (var. luwal) rel. Except, save for, but, unless, only. Yari na sila katān duwal dakuman hi Amina. They are all here except Amina. Way makaun ta duwal kapin. We have nothing to eat but those scraps. Duwal Tuhan in makapagbayaꞌ-bayaꞌ sin nyawa ta. Only God has control of our life spirit. Duwal sumapa kaw ha Kuraan ampa aku magkahagad sin baytaꞌ mu. I won’t believe what you say except you swear by the Koran. *duwis (var. *duis) v. AR ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To dip (something) into (something else), spread

(something) on (something else, as jelly on bread). Duwisi mantikilya in tinapay mu. Spread jelly on your bread. Cf. tublak *dūy v. ag mag-, mang-; pat -un. To drive out, drive away (something). Dūya in kambing yan bat diꞌ magkangiꞌ in jambangan ta. Drive out that goat so that our flowers won’t be destroyed. Cf. īg dūyan 1 n. A durian tree. Durio zibethinus (See Appendix 5: Plants) 2 n. Durian (fruit). Malanab kaunun in dūyan. Durian is delicious to eat. duyung n. A large somewhat whale-like tropical mammal, mermaid. Pagkarungugan in duyung ha manga kata-kata. You can hear about the whale-like mammal in stories.

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Tausug-English Dictionary: Kabtangan Iban Maana

Tausug - English a

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g *gaꞌgaꞌ v. ag mag-, -um-, mang-; goal -an. To speak harshly (to someone). Piyagꞌamahan siya sabab giyaꞌgaan niya in inaꞌ niya. He was scolded because he spoke harshly to his mother. Cf. *pahit, *galit gaan 1 n. Lightness (of weight, work, punishment, etc.). Magsusūng in gaan sin baran ku. The lightness of my body is increasing (i.e., my weight is decreasing). vi. ST pat -um-. To become lighter, decrease (as of weight, volume of work, degree of punishment, sin, offenses). Gumaan in hinang mu bang lumugay. Your work will become lighter after a while. vt. pat -un. To weigh (something light) in one’s hand. Gaana kunuꞌ in manga sulat ini. Please weigh these letters in your hand.

adj. magaan Light, not heavy. Magaan in malita yan bang way luun niya. That suitcase is light if there’s nothing in it. ANT.: buggat 1.1. 2 n. Willingness, readiness, a feeling of ease and enthusiasm (to do something). Bang awn gaan sin baran mu kari kaw magtuy. If you have willingness (i.e., are willing), come right away. Timulak siya dayn gaan sin baran niya. He had a feeling of ease and enthusiasm when he left. v. ag mag-; ran -an. To feel at ease and ready (to do something). Bang aku gaanan ampa aku maghinang. When I feel at ease and ready I’ll do the work. 3 v. rdp. pat -un. To disregard or take (something) for granted. Ayaw mu gaan-gaana in hinang mu. Don’t just take your job for granted. Cf. *pahil-pahil 1, babaꞌ 2 gaban 1 v. ag -um-, mag-; goal -un; ran -an. To ascend, go up into a house (by a ladder or stairs); be visited at one’s house (even if no stairs are climbed). Gumaban aku pa bāy yaun. I’ll go up into that house. Marayꞌ kita gabanan tau. I expect we’ll be visited by someone/some people. OV SYN. sakat 2 v. ran -an. To receive (something). Marayꞌ aku gabanan sīn mataud. I expect to receive a lot of money. gabbang n. The Tausug xylophone (consisting of a series of bamboo bars, played by being struck with a small wooden mallet). Marayaw in tingug sin gabbang yaun. That Tausug xylophone has a good sound.    v. ag mag-, -um-. To play such an instrument. Maingat kaw maggabbang? Do you know how to play the Tausug xylophone? gabuk adj. Rotten, crumbling, turned to dust (as of wood eaten by termites). In gabuk kahuy maluhay mabaliꞌ. Rotten wood breaks easily.    v. ST pat -um-, -un. To rot, crumble. Bang diꞌ lassunun in anay gabukun in kahuy yan. If we don’t poison the termites the wood will rot. Kahuy hadja in paggabukun. Wood is the only thing that is capable of rotting. Cf. haluꞌ 1 gabun n. A cloud. Malindum in gabun adlaw ini. The clouds are dark today.    adj. magabun Cloudy. Magabun tuud adlaw ini. It’s very cloudy today. SYN. panganud gaddung adj. Green (the color). Gaddung in biyadjuꞌ niya pa iskul. The color of her dress in going to school was green. Gaddung hilaw in walnaꞌ sin pidgiritul nila. The color of their refrigerator is light

green. Gaddung malutuꞌ in walnaꞌ sin kakanaꞌ hīnang kurtina. The color of the cloth made into a curtain is dark green. Magaddung in kakanaꞌ ini dayn ha yadtu. This cloth is greener (i.e., a darker shade of green) than that one.    v. ST pat -um-, mag-. To become green. Gumaddung na in halaman bang magtubuꞌ na in tiyanum. The yard will become green if the plants grow. gadja n. An elephant. (See Appendix 4: Animals, Non-flying) suwaꞌ gadja (comp.) adj. Pomelo. (See Appendix 1: Birds and Flying Insects) gadja hilaw n. Unbleached muslin. GENR. kakanaꞌ gadja-gadja n. Mumps. Maglamin in gadja-gadja. Mumps is a communicable disease.    v. ST pat -un. To be infected with mumps. Inuma in ubat ini bang kaw gadja-gadjahun. Take this medicine if you get mumps. gadji n. Wages, salary. Bang in tau maghinang subay awn gadji. A person who works should be given wages.    v. AR ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To give wages or salary; (for wages or salaries) to be paid. Maggadji na kāmuꞌ kunsūm. We will be given our salary tomorrow. Gadjihan in mastal ha bulan hambuuk. The teachers will be paid next month. *gaga v. ag mag-, -um-, mang-; ran -an. To exercise authority over, discipline, restrain, or control (someone). Gagahi in manga anak mu supaya diꞌ magkarupangan. Discipline your children so they won’t do any foolishness.    adj. magaga Characterized by having authority, discipline, control, restraint over others. Magaga in nakuraꞌ yan ha manga tindug niya. That leader has control over his followers. Cf. *biat, pantun, pinturuꞌ gagatiꞌ n. Puffed rice coated with caramel which is fried and stuck into bricks. gaggat n. A hindrance or obstacle (to proceeding with a plan), something that weighs heavy on someone’s heart or mind that deters him (from pursuing a certain plan). In pagkālu nila nahinang gaggat sin panaw niya maghadjiꞌ. Their quarrel became a hindrance to her (plan of) going on a pilgrimage trip.

gahaꞌ n. Rust. Nabuslut in mital sabab sin gahaꞌ. The can had a leak because of the rust.    adj. (Of iron or steel) rusty. Gahaꞌ na in lansang nakapaliꞌ kaniya. The nail that pricked him is already rusty.    v. ST pat -um-, mag-, -un. To rust, become rusty. Bang diꞌ lanahan in makina gumahaꞌ. A sewing machine becomes rusty if not lubricated. gaib adj. Presumptuously, without any knowledge of, by one’s imagination (as in passing judgment). Ayaw kaw manghukum gaib ha hinang sin tau way irab mu. Don’t judge a person’s action presumptuously if you don’t have any knowledge of it. Cf. *tunaꞌ gaid (var. gayd) adv. Purposely, intentionally (almost always followed by da). Gaid da walaꞌ mu piyasampay in tugun ku kaymu madtu kan inaꞌ. You purposely did not pass on my message to my mother. *gakit adj. giyakit Banded with continuous winding with overlapping ends not joined together, particularly used of a style of bracelet. Malingkat in gallang mu giyakit. Your overlapping style bracelet is pretty. *gakut v. AR ag mag-; ran -an. To tie or fasten (something) securely. Gakuti in manga mital yan bat diꞌ mahulug dayn ha tarak. Fasten those cans securely so they won’t fall from the truck. Cf. *hukut, baggut galak 1 n. Pulse. Humundung na in galak bang in tau patay na. The pulse will stop beating if a person is dead. v. pat -un. To feel the pulse (of someone). Galakun ta kunuꞌ in babai piyunung ini. Let’s feel the pulse of this woman who fainted. Cf.: kuba-kuba. 2 n. Readiness, decision. In galak ku pa Sūg aku kuꞌnisa. My decision is (i.e., I have decided) to go to Jolo the day after tomorrow. v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To be ready (to do something), decide (to do something). OV SYN.: gaan 2. galāna adj. Purplish, red in color, fuchsia. Bīhi kita tanud galāna. Buy me purple thread.

galgal v. ag mag-. To give excuses (for not doing something). Ayaw na kaw maggalgal kaingatan namuꞌ da lisuan kaw. Don’t give excuses, we know you’re lazy.    adj. magalgal Full of excuses. Cf. daawa galiꞌ n. A score, a cut part way through (flesh). Malawm in galiꞌ sin istaꞌ ini. The score on this fish is deep.    v. AR ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To score or cut (flesh) part way through (to make the muscles contract and stay firm in cooking. Often spices are put into the opening before cooking). Galii naa in istaꞌ ampa mu landang-landanga. Score the fish first before frying it. Cf. gūt, huyaꞌ (See utud for table.) *galit v. ag mang-; goal -an. To speak loudly (at someone) in an angry manner, shout. Ayaw galiti in bataꞌ bat diꞌ mugaꞌ. Don’t shout at the child, you’ll frighten him. SYN. *pahit; Cf. *gaꞌgaꞌ gallang n. A bracelet. Bulawan in gallang dīhil kaniya pusakaꞌ sin inaꞌ niya. The bracelet which was given to her by her mother as inheritance is gold.    v. ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To wear a bracelet. Masūb in manga babai maggallang bang pa paglurukan. Women are fond of wearing bracelets when going to a party. gallang-gallang n. An indigenous confection resembling a bracelet made from cassava. Cooked in oil in a frying pan. (See Appendix 7: Kinds of Confections Served at Special Occasions) gallap 1 v. CH 1 ag mang-; pat -un. [Does not occur with pa₂.] (For a water spirit or nymph) to enchant and carry away (someone). Masūb magpanggallap bataꞌ-bataꞌ in tungguꞌ ha Tigbaw. The nymph in Kiram Spring loves to enchant and carry away children. Bukun kiyaun sin kaytan in tau yadtu saꞌ giyallap ha buliꞌ dagat. That man was not eaten by the shark, but enchanted and carried away to the bottom of the ocean. Nagallap in bataꞌ-bataꞌ. The child was enchanted and carried away. Cf. hikmat 2 n. (With hangka) in a flash. Hangka-gallap da nalawaꞌ in sīn biyutang ku dī. The money that I placed here got lost in a flash. galun (Eng.) 1 n. A container (usu. plastic with a mouth, for liquids). Luun kaw tubig ha galun. Fill a container with water. 2 n. A gallon (the liquid measure). Bīhi aku hangka-galun lana lahing. Buy me a gallon of cooking oil. gām adv. Better, rather. Gām pa kaw mari kunsūm. It’s better that you come tomorrow.

   v. act/pat -um-. [Usu. rdp.] (For a sickness) to be relieved, become better. Gumām-gām in sakit ku bang aku makainum ubat. My sickness becomes somewhat better if I take the medicine.    adj. magām [Often rdp.] Relieved, getting better, all better, healed (as of pain or sickness). Magām na in sakit ū ku. My headache is getting better. Magām-gām na in sakit ū ku. My headache is somewhat better. gamis n. An Arab’s long undergarment (worn by some hadjis together with their gowns esp. during feast days).    v. ag mag-; ran -an. To wear such an undergarment. Mataud in maggamis bang adlaw haylaya. During feast days many people wear an Arab’s long undergarment.    v. pat -un. To use (something) as a long undergarment. Cf. juba gampung adj. Musty. Bahuꞌ gampung in bilik ini. This room has a musty smell. Cf. baꞌlus 1 gamus 1 adj. Preserved (as of fruit). Masarap magkaun gamus mampallam. It is delicious to eat preserved mangoes. v. ag mag-; pat -un; inst/loc pag-…-an. To preserve (fish, seafood, or fruit in water). Maggamus kita mampallam. Let’s preserve mangoes. Pataura in asin bang kaw maggamus piyatay. Use a lot of salt when you preserve anchovies. n. giyamus Preserved fish, seafood, or fruit. Cf.: tahay 2. 2 n. giyamus A fact about oneself or one’s family kept secret because of shame or fear of disgrace, skeleton in the closet. Makasipug kaymu bang ku higuwaꞌ in giyamus mu. It would disgrace you if I let out your skeleton in the closet. gamut 1 n. A root (of a tree or plant). Way pa gamut sin kahuy. The tree doesn’t have roots yet. v. act/pat -um-, mag-. To develop roots. Gimamut na in bātung. The peanuts have developed roots already. 2 v. act/pat -um-, mag-. To become settled or established. Gumamut in parman sin Tuhan ha atay mu bang kaw magkahagad sin daakan niya. God’s commandments will become established in your heart (lit. liver) if you obey His commands. gana-gana 1 adv. Later on during the day, by and by. Gana-gana na aku madtu pa bāy niyu. I’ll go to your

house by and by. 2 adv. Perhaps, might (expressing a shade of doubt or a small degree of possibility). Gana-gana diꞌ siya dumatung adlaw yan. He might not arrive today. Cf. marayꞌ *dayꞌ, hatiku ganap v. CV 1, AR ag mag-, -um-; pat hi-; ran -an. To add more (of something), increase. Mari sadja kaw gumanap kasusahan. You’re just here to add more trouble. Ganapi naa tubig in addun. Add more water to the dough first. Subay kita magganap tau maghihinang. We have to add more workers. Higanap ta na in sīn ini bat jumukup. Let’s add this money so that (the money) will be complete. SYN. dugang ganarul adj. (Of people) famous, celebrated, renowned. Usug ganarul hi maas Kamlun. Old Kamlon was a famous man. Cf. bantug 1, tanug 1 ganda n. Reward, compensation (given by God to someone in recompense for good deeds, usu. in the present world).    v. AR ag mag-; ran -an. [Does not occur with pa₂.] To give a reward (in return for a good deed). Gandahan sin Tuhan in hinang marayaw. God gives rewards for good deeds done. OV SYN. tungbas gandang n. A drum (musical instrument). Malayuꞌ pa in parid diyungug namuꞌ na in gandang. The parade was still far away when we heard the drum.    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To play a drum. Ayaw kaw maggandang, makahilu. Don’t play the drum, it’s annoying. gandariba n. Interest (as of money, usu. used in formal or poetic statement). In hangkan nabinasa nagkaun gandariba. That’s why she is suffering, she gained interest on the money. Cf. anak-kampung comp. anak gandasuli 1 n. The garland flower. 2 n. (cap.) The name of an area of Jolo town. Hangkan ngiyanan in kiyabutangan sin iskul Gandasuli, sabab mataud sumping gandasuli timutubuꞌ. The reason the place where they put the school is named Gandasuli is that there are plenty of garland flowers growing there. gandawari n. A figurehead (of a boat). Malingkat in kahinang sin gandawari sin kappal yaun. The

figurehead of that boat was beautifully made. ganding v. ag mag-; pat -un. To beat (rhythmically on metal). Magganding sin manga mital in kabataan bang dūm Tahun Baꞌgu. The children beat cans on New Year’s Eve. Cf. *kagul, katik, dapuꞌ gandum 1 n. Corn, maize. Tiyanuman namuꞌ gandum in uma namuꞌ. We planted our fields in corn. Zea mays (See Appendix 5: Plants) 2 n. The seeds of this plant, used as a snack food and made into confections. gantaꞌ 1 n. Plan, scheme. Bukun gantaꞌ namuꞌ mari. It was not our plan to come here. Gantaꞌ namuꞌ dumatung pa Tabawan lapit adlaw. It was our plan to arrive at Tabawan by early morning. Cf.: *kumpas, *bista. v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To plan (something); estimate, reckon or calculate (something); set limits. Giyagantaꞌ in pagdihil bugas ha manga tau paguy. The rice given to evacuees is limited. Gantaa na in pagpamī-mī mu. Set a limit on your shopping. Cf.: *bista, kimmit. 2 n. gantaan Fate, destiny. Diꞌ magliyu in gantaan sin tau dayn ha Tuhan. One cannot go beyond the destiny of a person set by God. SYN. kadar; Cf. sukud gantang n. A measure of capacity, the ganta. Pabīha ba aku hangka gantang bugas. May I buy a ganta of rice?    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To measure (something) by the ganta. Gantangun ku in bugas ha lawm karut ini. I’ll measure the rice in this sack by the ganta. Cf. sūpahan sūpa; GENR. tupungan tupung gantiꞌ n. A replacement, substitute, exchange, successor; surrogate. Siya in gantiꞌ ku. He is my successor. Siya in gantiꞌ inaꞌ ku. She is my surrogate mother.    v. AR ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To replace, substitute, relieve, succeed, exchange. Gantian ku in sīn mu kiyustaw. I’ll replace your embezzled money. Cf. pinda, sambiꞌ gantung vt. CH 1 ag mag-; pat -un. To hang (something from something else); hang (someone). Giyantung in amaꞌ niya sin Jipun. His father was hanged by the Japanese.    vi. ST pat ma-. To be caught, hung up, suspended. Nagantung siya ha kahuy paglaksu niya dayn ha ariplanu. He got hung up on a tree when he jumped from the airplane.    n. paggantung Hanging, way of hanging. In paggantung sin tanglung bukun marayaw. The way the

lantern is hanging is not good. Cf. *pinting, bitay2, *sagnat gantung liug n. A necklace. Malingkat in gantung liug sin Dayang-dayang. The princess’ necklace is beautiful. gangat n. A barb or hook (on the end of a fish spear, arrow, etc.). Hinangan gangat in sāpang. A fish spear has a barb.    v. AR ag mag-; ran -an. To make a barb (on something). Gangati in sāpang bat diꞌ makaīg in istaꞌ. Make a barb on the fish spear so that the fish won’t escape. ganggang adj. Dry, arid, desiccated, brittle, crisp (as of clothes, trees, or land). Maganggang in manga kahuy bang waktu panuga. The trees are brittle during the dry season.    v. ST pat -um-. To become dry, brittle, or crisp. Gimanggang in lupaꞌ sabab malugay na way ulan. The land became dry because there’s been no rain for a long time now. Cf. *tigang *ganggut v. ag mag-, mang-; pat -un. To seize or grab (someone by his clothes or hair as in quarreling). Giyanggut niya in tau namūngmūng kaniya. He grabbed the fellow who reviled him. Cf. *utung gangkul 1 adj. (Of the flesh of a mango or young coconut [butung]) brittle. In butung gangkul matugas in unud. The flesh of a mature semi-ripe coconut is brittle. 2 n. A mature semi-ripe coconut. (See niyug for table.) gangsaꞌ n. A brass bowl. Mahalgaꞌ in gangsaꞌ bihaun. A brass bowl is now expensive. Cf. batil, batunjang gangu adj. magangu (Of rice [pāy]) quite dry (ready to be pounded or milled). Bang in pāy magangu na, manjari na bayuhun. When the rice is quite dry, it may be pounded. gapas n. Cotton, gauze. Basaa in gapas sin ubat ampa lanui in paliꞌ mu. Wet the cotton with medicine and then clean your cut. Cf. kapuk gapiꞌ n. An associate, helper, ally (in matters where there are opposing parties). Mataud in gapiꞌ sin Bangsa Muslim. Muslim people have many allies.    v. ag mang-, -um-; ran -an. To take sides. Gapian ta in tau mabuntul. We’ll take sides with the

righteous man.    v. RC ag mag-. To be associates or allies. Bang kamu diꞌ maggapiꞌ katān diꞌ kamu dumaug. If you do not all become allies you will not win. Cf. dapit 2, *dinu gapus v. ag mag-; pat -un. To tie, bind (as a cow to be butchered); grasp (someone) and hold firmly, (esp. one who resists). Gapusa niyu in sapiꞌ bat masumbayꞌ. You tie the cow so that it can be butchered. Cf. *hukut garabi (var. grabi) (Tag.) adj. Severe, bad, serious, extensive. Garabi na tuud in sakit niya. His sickness is very bad now. Garabi na tuud in hinang niya pa kangian. His bad deeds are extensive. Cf. pangsan garapun (Tag.) n. A large glass jar (used for keeping cookies, candies, etc.). In garapun pagluluunan bangbang. A big glass jar is a container for cookies. Cf. kassaꞌ garing 1 n. Elephant tusk, ivory. Garing in pagtawag sin taling sin gadja. The tusks of the elephant are called ivory. Cf. taling 2 v. ST pat -um-. (For bamboo) to become seasoned, aged. Bang in patung gumaring na matugas tuud. When bamboo becomes seasoned it is very hard. adj. magaring (Of bamboo) seasoned, old. garnaꞌ n. A physical defect or imperfection (not inherent but acquired), crack in a fragile object. Awn na garnaꞌ sin baran niya sabab nabaliꞌ in buktun niya. There is already an imperfection in his body because his arm was broken.    v. ran -an. To become (physically) defective or imperfect. Bang garnaan na in baran mu diꞌ na kaw katiyuꞌ-tiyuan. If your body becomes defective your health will become fragile. Giyagarnaan na in baran niya sin pagꞌuma. His body has become imperfect because of farming. Cf. sallaꞌ garul n. A bowl made of brass. Naghakut sila tubig ha garul. They got water in the brass bowl. Malallay bang garul in paghahakutan tubig. It is slow when you use a brass bowl in fetching water. gās1 v. AR ag mag-; ran -an. To prepare (a field for planting) by slashing and burning, prepare a kaingin. Gāsan ta in uma. We’ll prepare the field by slashing and burning.    n. paggās A kaingin. Sakapun ta na in paggās bat kita makatanum. Let’s prepare the kaingin so that

we can plant. gās2 (Eng.) n. Kerosene or bottled gas. Bī kaw madtu gās pa tinda. You buy kerosene at the store. gasa n. The mantle (of a pressure lamp or an Aladdin lamp). Maluhay tuud magisiꞌ in gasa sin aladdin. The mantle of an Aladdin lamp is easily torn. gasad n. {Not commonly used} Intention, purpose. In gasad ku mari mangayuꞌ sīn. My purpose in coming here is to ask for money.    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To intend (to do something or see someone). Gasarun ku siya dāhun. I intend to take him with me. SYN. maksud, gawi gastu (Tag.) n. Expense, financial cost, expenditure. Pila in gastu sin pagtiyaun? How much expense did you incur for the wedding?    v. ag mag-; pat -un, hi-; goal/ben -an. To spend (money), provide financial support (for someone). Aku in naggastu kanila ha saꞌbu way usaha nila. I supported them when they were jobless. Pila in kiyagastu mu naghinang bāy? How much did you spend in building the house? Gastuhun ku in sīn ini kaymu. I’ll spend this money for you. Gastuhan ta kaw bang kaw magꞌiskul. I will support you financially when you go to school.    adj. magastu Requiring or involving much money, expensive. Magastu in magꞌiskul ha Manilaꞌ. It’s expensive to study in Manila. Cf. balanjaꞌ, napaka gasud n. Whoop, yell, boo, hoot. Mahibuk tuud in gasud sin manga tau ha plasa. The yells of the people at the plaza are very noisy.    v. ag mag-, -um-; goal -an. To yell, whoop, boo, hoot (at someone). Gasuran ta mān kaw bang kita madtu na. I’ll yell at you when it’s time to leave. Cf. *ulak, ulang, tawag gataꞌ n. Emulsion of coconut.{A liquid preparation resembling milk obtained by soaking fresh grated coconut in water and then squeezing out the juice.}    v. AR ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To add emulsion of coconut in cooking to increase the flavor, cook with emulsion of coconut. Gataan ku in istaꞌ. I will cook the fish with coconut emulsion. Cf. putti (See niyug for table.)

gatas 1 n. Milk. Marayaw ha bataꞌ-bataꞌ in gatas sin inaꞌ. The milk from the mother is good for the baby. v. AR ag mag-; ran -an. To add milk (to something). Gatasi kunuꞌ in kahawa. Please add some milk to the coffee. 2 v. pat -un. (For a woman) to begin to lactate. Giyatas na in inaꞌ sin bataꞌ-bataꞌ. The mother of the child has begun to have milk in her breasts. gatus n. A hundred.    adj. Hundreds. Gatus in kiyabalanjaꞌ nila pagpauspital ha anak nila. They spent hundreds for the hospitalization of their baby.    adj. gatusan By the hundreds, in terms of hundreds. Gatusan in sīn diyarā niya. He was carrying pesos by the hundreds. (See umbul for table.) gaus 1 n. Power, means, strength, ability, capability. Way gaus ta pagpaiskul kaymu. We don’t have the means to send you to school. adj. makagaus Powerful, strong, capable. Makagaus in tau pilakan. A rich man is powerful. v. ag mang-; ran -an. To afford to, be able, exercise one’s power or strength (to do something hard or difficult). Diꞌ ku kagausan in sukat nila. I can’t afford the dowry they asked. Gausan ku in pagpaiskul kaymu. I will try to (afford to) send you to school (and will succeed). Cf.: kawasa, kusug 1. 2 v. pat -un. To wrong, deceive, or kill (someone). Minsan bagay niya atawa kampung niya gausun niya da. He wrongs even his friends or relatives. gawa1 v. pat -un. To put (oneself) in another person’s position or situation (mentally). Gawaha ha baran mu bang mangiꞌ kaymu mangiꞌ da isab ha kaibanan. Put yourself in the other person’s position, what is bad for you is also bad for others. gawa2 n. Apprehension, misgiving, mistrust, doubt (also kagawahan). Unu in kagawahan mu magad kākuꞌ? What misgivings do you have about coming along with me? Cf. hanggaw    vt. pat -un. To frighten (someone with the feeling of falling or stumbling). Gawahun ta siya bat umulak. Let’s frighten her so she will scream.    vi. pat ma-, -un. To have the feeling of falling. Paggawahun aku magꞌatud pa babaꞌ dayn ha bāy

mataas. I have a feeling of falling when I look down from a tall building. gawa-gawa n. The trigger (of a gun). Ayaw utunga in gawa-gawa sin sinapang. Don’t pull the trigger of the rifle. gawang n. Pitfall, hidden trap, hole (in the surface of a floor, bamboo walk, etc.). Maluag in gawang ha lantay namuꞌ. There is a big hole in our flooring. Cf. lungag mahulug pa gawang (idiom) n. To speak evil of someone without realizing that they or their relatives are present (lit. to fall in a hole or trap). Kamayaꞌ kaw magbissara, mahulug kaw pa gawang. Be careful in speaking, you might say something evil of someone in their presence. gawgariꞌ n. A file, a carpenter’s tool for filing wood or metal. Gawgari in pagꞌusalun bang maghayt gatgat. A file is used to sharpen a hand saw.    v. AR ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To file (something with such a tool). Gawgarian ku in pūhan sin kalis ku. I will file the handle of my kris. Cf. kigkig gawgaw v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To agitate or stir (a liquid). Ayaw gawgawa in kahawa. Don’t stir the coffee. Cf. lamugay 1 gawgut adj. (Of people) firm, rigid, unyielding. Mahunit bissarahan in tau gawgut. It’s hard to convince an unyielding person. Cf. tugas 2 gawhaꞌ n. An opening, clearing, an area of land clear of trees. Awn nagtutubuꞌ ha gawhaꞌ yan. There’s something growing in that clearing. gawi n. Errand, object, purpose, mission. Unu in gawi mu mari? What is your purpose in coming?    v. ag mag-; pat un. To do (something) purposely or intentionally, purpose (something). Ayaw na kaw magtulak bang way da gawihun mu tuud. Don’t go on that trip if there’s nothing you’re really purposing. Cf. maksud gawmut (gimb. equiv. of kawmut2) v To squeeze out (juice from something). gawnggang 1 adj. (Of wood, vegetables, etc.) hollow, not solid, having a cavity. Bang mu pukpukun in kahuy gawnggang magtingug gandang. If you knock hollow wood it will sound like a drum.

v. ST pat -um-. To be or become hollow. Gumawnggang in mital bang way na luun. The can will become hollow if it doesn’t have content. 2 v. act/pat -um-. To be lacking in courage, (for one’s mind) to be blank. Gimawnggang in lawm atay ku. I lack the courage. Gimawnggang in pamikil ku. My mind is blank. gawt n. A girth, band or strap (made of nylon, folded cloth or string, etc., used to fasten around the waist to hold a load in place as on a horse, cow, or carabao); a belt or string used to hold one securely (as a safety precaution, as a safety belt or line when diving).    v. ag mag-; pat -un; ran -an. To fasten such a strap, cinch (something). Gawtun ta sin lubid in karut lahing bat diꞌ mahulug. We’ll cinch the sack of coconut with rope so it won’t fall. Gawtan ta kaw ha lingkuran bat kaw diꞌ maligad. I’ll strap you in the chair so you won’t tip over. Cf. bikal, *hukut, kambut gayad n. The width (of cloth).    adj. magayad (Of cloth) broad, wide. Subay kakanaꞌ magayad in hipagkurtina. A wide cloth is needed to make a curtain. Cf. luag, lakbang gayang n. A bladed weapon (similar to a bolo, having a long blade). Landuꞌ in habaꞌ sin gayang hi Bapaꞌ Usman. The bladed weapon of Uncle Usman is very long. Cf. kalis, barung, utak, janap gayd (var. of gaid) adv Purposely, intentionally. gayn n. The 17th letter of the Arabic alphabet, a voiced velar fricative. gayung n. A small vessel (made of coconut-shell, bamboo, or tin) used to scoop (water), dipper. Nabuslut na in gayung tubig. The dipper for scooping water is already leaking.    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un; ran -an. To scoop (water). Gumayung aku tubig ha puga. I will scoop water from the jar. Cf. sasawk sawk giꞌtung (var. gitung) n. Middle, center. Lima in ha giꞌtung sin upat iban unum. Five is in the middle of (i.e., in between) four and six.    v. pat pa-…-un. To place (something) at the middle or center. Pagiꞌtunga in pinggan. Put the bowl in the center.

   n. giꞌtungan Middle, center. Palingkura siya ha giꞌtungan. Let him sit in the middle. Cf. ūt 1 giak v. CH 1 ag mag-; pat -un. To split or break (something, esp. wood). Giaka in kahuy sin kapa. Split the wood with an ax. Cf. *sipak, *tuis, *lugiak giba v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To hold (someone) on one’s lap. Gibaha hi Utuꞌ. Hold the little boy on your lap. apuꞌ giba (comp.) v. Second descending generation from ego, grandchild (including those of one’s siblings and cousins). *gidgid v. ag mag-; pat -un, hi-; ran -an. [With pat focus, an instrument is in view.] To rub (something) vigorously against (something else), rub (something) off. Gidgirun ta in gahaꞌ sin batu. We’ll rub off the rust with a stone. Gidgiri sin batu in basiꞌ bat maīg in gahaꞌ niya. Rub a stone against that steel so that the rust will come off.    n. gigidgid (Anything rough used as) sandpaper. In gigidgid iyusal niya nakapagpalanuꞌ sin kahuy. The sandpaper he used made the wood clean. Cf. kusu giik v. AR ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To step on, tread on (something); crush (something, esp. grains with one’s feet, as rice to remove it from the stalks), thresh. Giiki in lahipan! Step on the centipede! Kiyagiikan ku in anak iruꞌ. I stepped on the puppy accidentally. Giikan ta in pāy. We will thresh the rice. Cf. gindas, *tasak 1 Bang kaw piyagigiik ha abaga, ayaw kaw dumāg pa ū. (saying) v. Don’t abuse a privilege (lit. If you’re allowed to step on the shoulder, don’t climb to the head). gīk n. A hard stone used in jewelry, jade. gikap n. A page (of a book). Pilangka-gikap in nabassa mu? How many pages did you finish reading? gikus1 n. A coil (of rope, rattan, vine, etc.). Bīhi kita hangka-gikus lubid. Buy me a coil of rope.    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To coil (something). Gikusa in manga bagun. Coil those vines. Cf. *libud, gulung gikus2 n. The backrest (of a loom). In gikus hipagbutang ha taykud sin maghahablun. The backrest is placed at the back of the one weaving. Cf. hablun

gīl v. CH 1 ag mag-; pat -un. To sharpen, whet, grind (as a bladed weapon). Ginīl niya marayaw in utak. He sharpened the bolo very well.    n. gīlan A whetstone. Gīla in kalis sin batu gīlan. Grind the kris on the whetstone. SYN. *hasaꞌ gila adj. Frantic with delight, wildly excited, delirious, enthusiastic (usu. with sexual connotation). Gila na in babai ini sin pagtunang-tunang niya. This girl is delirious with her love affair.    v. ST pat ma-. To become frantic with delight, wildly excited, delirious. Magila sakān didtu ha Manilaꞌ. You’ll become wildly excited in Manila. Cf. kāngug 1 giling 1 v. CH 1 ag mag-; pat -un. To crank (something), keep (something) revolving or turning. Hisiyu in maggiling sin makina ini? Who’ll crank this machine? Cf. gulung, ligut 1.1 magiling in jantung (idiom) v. To lose one’s mind, become crazy or insane as a result of too much grief over the loss of a loved one (lit. for one’s heart to turn around and around). Nagiling in jantung sin inaꞌ pagꞌingat miyatay in anak. The mother lost her mind when she learned that her child died. 2 v. CH 1 ag mag-; pat -un. To grind (something, as coffee or corn). Gilinga in kahawa. You grind the coffee. n. gilingan A grinder. Kāa in gilingan ha sawm sin lamisahan. Get the grinder under the table. giluk n. Voluptuousness, sensuousness (usu. of women). Nakalanduꞌ in giluk sin babai yan. That girl’s sensuousness is just too much.    adj. magiluk Voluptuous, sexy, erotic. Magiluk isab in babai yan. That girl is sexy. Cf. bigaꞌ, bais, landiꞌ gimba n. The interior (of a country), a rural area. Naghulaꞌ in bagay ku ha gimba. My friend is staying in the interior.    adj. From the interior or the country, rural. Mataud na in tau gimba naghuhulaꞌ ha Tiyanggi. There are many country people who are staying in the town. Awn isab pagbiddaan sin bichara sin tau higad iban sin tau gimba. There is a difference in the speech of the rural people and those living on the coasts. ANT. higad 1    adj. gimbahanun Pertaining to the speech of people from the interior (of Jolo Island) or from the areas away from Jolo town. ANT. parianun parian

gindas v. ag -um-; ran -an. To step on or trip on (something). Gindas kaw ha kahuy yan. Step on that wood. Apit aku timukbung nakagindas aku ha pilinsahan. I almost fell, I tripped on the iron. Nakagindas in siki niya baga kāyu. His foot stepped on a live ember. Cf. giik, *tasak 1 Bang kaw piyagigindas ha abaga ayaw kaw dumag pa ū. (saying) v. Don’t abuse a pivilege (lit. If you are allowed to step on the shoulder don’t climb to the head). ginhawa 1 n. The inner part of a person, spirit, the thinking, feeling part of a person (as distinguished from the body), mind, intellect. Bang kaw baldusa, asal mu na tantuha, ginhawa mu mabinasa duun ha adlaw kiyamat. If you’re a sinner it is certain that your spirit will suffer on the day of judgement. Binasa in ginhawa mu bang mataud in kasusahan mu. Your mind is troubled when you have lots of problems. Cf. nyawa, jasad 2 n. Dignity, self-esteem. Way ginhawa sin tau mangangakkal ha pagkahi niya. A man who inveterately deceives his fellowmen has no dignity. v. ag mag-. To have or behave with dignity. In tau yan naggiginhawa ha baran niya. That man behaves himself with dignity. Cf.: martabbat. ginhawa baran n. The whole being (of a person), body and soul (of a person). Binasa in ginhawa baran bang mataud in kasusahan. A person’s whole being will suffer if he is beset with many problems. ginis (var. jinis) n. Kind, variety. Pilangka-ginis in istaꞌ ha tabuꞌ? How many kinds of fish are at the market?    adj. ginisan Varied, of different kinds, various. Ginisan in diyaragang ha tinda yaun. That store is selling various goods. Cf. indalupa ginis babarapa (var. jinis babarapa) n. Many kinds (of things), many different (things). Ginis babarapa in kiyakitaan ku pattaꞌ. I saw many kinds of pictures. Ginis babarapa na ini in nasabbut mu. You’ve mentioned many different things. gingguꞌ vt. CH 1 ag mag-; pat -un. To shake (an object, [as a watch to start it] or a person [to wake him, etc.]). Ayaw ginggua in lilus mu. Don’t shake your watch.    vi. act/pat mag-. (For an object) to shake. Naggingguꞌ in tubig ha lawm sin kassaꞌ. The water in the bottle is shaking. Cf. *jugjug, kimbuꞌ 1

gipit 1 n. A clothespin, hair clip, something used to pinch other objects. SYN.: sipit 1. vt. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un; ran -an. To squeeze, press, compress (something) between two points; crush, squash (something). Gipitun ta in liug niya bang lumabay dayn ha tandawan. He will crush his neck if he passes through the window. vi. pat ma-; ran ka-…-an. To be or become squeezed, pressed, compressed, crushed between two points. Magipit sa yan in bataꞌ bang mataud tau ha sīni. The child will be squashed if there are lots of people in the movie theater. Kiyagipitan sin jīp in maas babai. The old woman was crushed by a jeep. Cf.: tugsuk 1. 2 v. ag mag-; pat -un. To get (something from someone) by exerting pressure. Gipitun ta in tau ini bat mamaytaꞌ sin bunnal. We’ll exert pressure on this fellow so he’ll tell the truth. giripu (var. gripu) n. A tap, faucet. Wayruun tubig magguwaꞌ ha giripu. There’s no water from the tap. OV SYN. pansul girit n. A tear, fray (as in paper or cloth). Awn girit sin badjuꞌ niya. His shirt has a tear.    adj. Torn, frayed.    vt. CH 1 ag mag-; pat -un; ran -an. To tear (something). Ayaw girita in gikap sin būk. Don’t tear up the page of a book. Gīritan niya in būk ku. He tore a portion of my book.    vi. pat ma-. (For something) to be or become torn. Magbayad kaw bang yan magirit. You’ll pay if that gets torn. OV SYN. gisiꞌ *gīs v. ag mag-; pat -un. To tear (something) apart roughly (with the hands along a line), rip (something such as cloth or leaves). Gīsa sadja in kakanaꞌ yan sabab way gunting ta. Just rip that cloth for we don’t have scissors. OV SYN. gisiꞌ, girit *gisa (Tag.) v. ag mag-; pat -un. To sauté (meat, seafood, or chopped up vegetables with a little fat and seasoning). Gisaha ba kākuꞌ in manga ullang ini. Will you saute these shrimps for me? OV SYN. guling gisgis (var. kiskis) v. AR ag mang-, mag-, -um-; ran -an. To brush (one’s teeth). Gisgisi in ipun mu ampa kaw madtu pa iskul. Brush your teeth before you go to school.    n. gigisgis A toothbrush. Subay paggantian in gigisgis kahabaꞌ maabut in tū bulan. You have to

change the toothbrush every three months. gisiꞌ n. A tear, rip.    adj. Torn or frayed (as of paper or cloth). Gisiꞌ in kātas dīhil kākuꞌ. The paper given to me is torn.    vt. CH 2 ag mag-; pat -un; ran -an. To tear something (haphazardly, cf. gīs). Maytaꞌ mu gīsiꞌ? Why did you tear it? Gisian ta hangka-tiyuꞌ in kātas ini. Let’s tear off a little portion of this paper.    vi. pat ma-. (For something) to tear or fray. Kamayaꞌ kaw bat yan diꞌ magisiꞌ. Be careful so it won’t tear. OV SYN. girit; Cf. saksak gisung v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To wake up for a short time (and go back to sleep again), interrupt (one’s sleep). Nakagisung aku sin paghinang sahul kabii. I woke up for a short time when they were cooking the night meal last night. Diꞌ siya mabayaꞌ gisungun in pagtūg niya. She doesn’t want her sleep to be interrupted. Ayaw mu siya gisunga bang natutūg. Don’t wake her up when she’s asleep. Cf. batiꞌ gitara (Eng.) n. A guitar.    n. ag mag-. To play a guitar. Hinduan ta kaw maggitara. I’ll teach you to play the guitar. Cf. kulaing, biyula, alpa, sawnay gituꞌ n. Part of a thorn or splinter (broken off and remaining in the flesh). Masakit tuud in gituꞌ ha siki ku. The thorn in my foot is very painful. SYN. sukmu gituk 1 v. CH 1 ag mag-, -um-, mang-; pat -un. To tickle (someone). Gitukun ku siya bat kumatawa. I’ll tickle him so he will laugh. 2 adj. magituk Squeamish, afraid, shuddery, having a feeling of aversion for something. Magituk aku ha hās. I feel squeamish about snakes. Cf. kīg-kīg gitung (var. of giꞌtung) n Middle; center. giyagay n. The dry flower bract of the coconut. (See niyug for table.) grabi (var. of garabi) adj Severe, bad, serious, extensive. graduwit (Eng.) v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To receive a degree or diploma (on completing a course of

study), complete (a course of study). Maggraduwit aku tambul iskul ini. I’ll graduate this closing of school. gripu (var. of giripu) n A tap, faucet. gubang n. A dugout boat. Gubang in piyagꞌagaran namuꞌ pa Mawbuꞌ. We rode on a dugout boat to Mawbuꞌ. Cf. sakayan, bangkaꞌ1 gubat n. An assault, attack; a visit by a group without prior notice. Gubat in makaubus ha kuntara. An assault could wipe out the enemy.    v. ag mang-, -um-, mag-; goal -un. To assault, attack someone; visit (in a group) without prior notice. Gubatun taniyu in kuntara. We’ll attack the enemy. Gana-gana magubat kamu sin banta niyu. Your enemies might attack you. Giyubat kami sin manga pangtungud namuꞌ dayn ha Tiyanggi. We were visited by our cousins from the town without prior notice. Cf. *atāk gubnul (Eng.) n. The governor (of a province). In gubnul, mataas dayn ha mayul. The governor is higher than the mayor.    v. ag mag-. To serve as a governor. Siya in biyutuhan namuꞌ maggubnul ha Lupaꞌ Sūg. He is the one we voted for to be the governor of Sulu province. gudlis n. A long thin mark made by a pencil, pen, chalk, etc.; line. Papasi in manga gudlis ha kātas yan. Erase those lines on the paper.    v. AR ag mag-; ran -an. To draw (a line or lines), underline (something). Gudlisi in ngān sin manga tau agad ha parhimpunan ta. Underline the names of the persons who are members of our organization. gulaꞌ n. A thick, sweet, syrup substance extracted from sugar cane; sorghum (the syrup); molasses; (with pussukan) honey. Bī kaw gulaꞌ hilamud ta ha mantikilya. Buy molasses to mix with the preserves.    n. gulaꞌ-gulaꞌ Caramelized candy. Masūb in manga bataꞌ-bataꞌ magbī gulaꞌ-gulaꞌ. The children are fond of buying caramelized candy. Cf. tunub gulal n. A title. Dīhilan siya gulal sin sultan sin Lupaꞌ Sūg. He was given a title by the king of Sulu.    vt. ag mag-, mang-; pat -un. To confer a title, designate or appoint (someone) to a certain position (esp. members of the ecclesiastical court). Gulalun siya sin Sultan panglima. The king will confer on

him the title of headman. gulamay n. (Of people and birds) a digit (of the hand or foot), (of an octopus) an arm. Hangpuꞌ in gulamay lima sin tau. People have ten digits of the hand (i.e., fingers). gulamay lima n. A finger. (See Appendix 6: The Parts of the Body) gulamay siki n. A toe. (See Appendix 6: The Parts of the Body) gulang adj. (Of people, fruit, etc.) old, matured.    v. ran piyag-…-an. (For someone) to be older (than someone else). Pila in piyaggulangan nila? How many years is the one older than the other?    adj. magulang Older than, elderly. (magulang usug older brother, magulang babai older sister) Magulang aku dayn kaniya. I’m older than he is. Cf. laas, umul 1 gulangan n. Forest, the wilds, jungle (with mostly useless trees). Tigidlum ha lawm gulangan. It’s dark inside the jungle. Cf. kātian, kabbun *gulgul vt. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To embrace, hug, fondle, pet (as an expression of affection); hold something closely to the chest. Gulgula in anak mu. Hug your child. Cf. siyum guling v. CH 1 ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To sauté (chopped-up vegetables in fat and seasoning). Gulinga in kangkung ha kahaꞌ. Saute the kangkong in the pan. OV SYN. *gisa, *landang-landang, piritu, buwang1 gulis n. The lines of the palm (of the hand). Hipakitaꞌ ta in gulis mu ha mangingitaꞌ. Let’s have the lines of your palm read by the fortune-teller. *gulpi (Tag.) v. ag mag-, -um-, mang-; pat -un. To grapple with, wrestle (someone). Gulpiha in sugarul yan bat ta makāꞌ in sīn tiyakaw niya. Grapple with that thief so we can get the money he stole. Cf. gapus gulung n. A bundle or roll (as of rattan, thread, or cloth). Bīhi aku hangka-gulung uway. Buy me a roll of rattan.    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To roll (something); coil or wind (something, as thread or wire). Gulunga niyu in

manga barilis ini pa higad dān. Roll these drums to the side of the road. Gulunga in salban ha mitalmital ini. Wind the thread on this tin. Cf. *libud, ligut 1.1    n. gulungan A spool (for winding thread or string). Way gulungan ku paggulungan sin hapun taguriꞌ mu. I have no spool to wind your kite string on. gūma (Tag.) n. Rubber, anything made of rubber (as rubber bands, tires, electrical insulation). gumba1 (gimb. equiv. of bumba1) v To pump (something). gumba2 v. ag mag-; ran -an. To bomb (a target). gumgum v. AR ag mag-, -um-, mang-; ran -an. To gargle, rinse one’s mouth. Manggumgum naa aku ampa aku minum. I’ll gargle first before I take my breakfast. gumi n. Earth, ground, the solid matter of this planet. In kātan manusiyaꞌ uwiꞌ pa gumi. All mankind will return to the ground. Cf. lupaꞌ, dunya gumpung1 (var. pungpung1) v. ag mag-; pat -un. To bundle (something into bundles, often rice stalks into sheaves). Marayaw in kagumpung sin manga pāy naani. The rice that was harvested was bundled well. Hipaggumpung ku manga pāy naani in manga lanut ini. I’ll use this abaca to bundle the rice. Cf. baggut gumud v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To hold (something) in one’s mouth (as solid food, water, or medicine). Gumud kaw tubig tiyuꞌ-tiyuꞌ. Hold a little water in your mouth. Gumura in tubig ini. Hold this water in your mouth. gumun adj. Entwined, interwoven, entangled, intertwined. Diꞌ hikapagtahiꞌ bang gumun in tanud. If the thread is tangled it can’t be used for sewing.    vt. ag mag-, -um-, mang-; pat -un. To tangle, entwine, interweave, intertwine (something). Ayaw gumuna in hapun sin bingit ku. Don’t tangle the string of my fishhook.    vi. pat ma-. To be or become entangled. Magumun in bannang bang mu badbarun dayn ha gulungan niya. The string will become entangled if you take it off the spool. Cf. sagut gumun-buta/gumun-liluꞌ (comp.) vi. Disorderly, untidy, messy, topsy-turvy. Gumun-buta in lawm bilik niya. His room is messy.

guna n. Usefulness, utility, worth, value, service, use, applicability. Bugitan na in manga kakatasan bang way na guna. Throw away the papers if they have no value.    v. ag mag-; pat -un, ka-…-an. To use, utilize, value (something), acknowledge the worth, service, or applicability (of something), need (something). Gunahun ta in manga dagmay dīhil kātuꞌ sin manga tau. We will use the old clothes given to us by the people. Unu in kagunahan mu kākuꞌ? What do you need me for? Kagunahan namuꞌ madtu pa Sūg sabab awn pagꞌisun sin kami katān magkampung. We need to go to Jolo because there will be a meeting of all us relatives. OV SYN. lagi kagunahan (derv.) v. To need, have need of. gunting 1 n. Scissors. Mahayt in gunting sin barbiru. The scissors of the barber are sharp. v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un; ran -an. To cut something (with scissors or an instrument resembling scissors). Guntingun ku in kātas ini magduwa. I’ll cut this paper in two. Subay guntingan in saya ini. Mahabaꞌ tuud. You should cut some off of this skirt. It’s very long. v. ag magpa-. To have (one’s hair) cut. Magpagunting aku sin buhuk ku. I’ll have my hair cut. (See utud for table.) n. maggugunting A barber. Maggugunting da in makapaanduk ha sultan. It’s only the barber who can make the king bow his head. SYN.: balbiru. 2 n. paggunting The ritual or ceremonial cutting of a child’s hair in the first year by a priest (usu. done at the same time as the pagtimbang and the paghakika). Kuꞌnu in paggunting ha anak mu? When will you have the hair cutting ceremony for your child? Cf.: pagtimbang timbang 1.2, paghakika hakika. v. ag magpa-. To hold such a ceremony. Mangluruk kami bang kaw magpagunting ha anak mu. We’ll attend when you hold the hair cutting ceremony for your child. gunggung1 v. ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To hold (something) tightly, possess, keep or hold back (something). Gunggungi in bataꞌ ha lima bat diꞌ mahūg. Hold the child tightly by the hand so she won’t fall. Inaꞌ in naggunggung sin katān pilak. The mother keeps all the money. Ayaw kaw maggunggung sin altaꞌ bukun kaymu. Don’t possess any wealth that doesn’t belong to you. Ayaw gunggungi in ipatan bang mabayaꞌ na mīg. Don’t keep your servant if she really wants to leave. Cf. kaput1 1.1, tawꞌ gunggung2 adj. Slow of understanding, dull-minded. Gunggung in bagay niya. His friend is dull-minded.

Siya na in gunggung dayn ha katān. He is the most dull-minded. Cf. bungug gūnggūngan n. Throat, windpipe; larynx. Diꞌ aku makatūn tubig. Masakit in gūnggūngan. I can’t swallow water. My throat is sore. Cf. liug (See Appendix 6: The Parts of the Body) gungutan n. A drawstring. Hinangi gungutan in saya niya. Make a drawstring for her skirt. *gupu v. pat -un. [Does not occur with pa₂.] To shake, become nervous or troubled (usu. as a result of diffidence). Paggupuhun aku magbissara ha katauran tau. I get nervous when I speak in front of many people. Cf. bugaꞌ, hanggaw, sipug guraꞌ-guraꞌ v. ag mang-; pat -un. To mock (someone). Giyuguraꞌ-guraꞌ siya sin manga anak niya. She’s been mocked by her children. Guraꞌ-guraun mu hadja in tau. You just mock people. Cf. panussaꞌnussaꞌ guru n. A teacher of Islamic studies or of esoteric knowledge. In umbul duwa pa Tuhan amu in inaꞌ, amaꞌ iban guru. Second to God are our parents and teachers of Islam.    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To learn from such a teacher. Magguru aku kaniya ilmuꞌ. I will learn esoteric power from him. Cf. mastal gusaw v. ag mag-, -um-. To come out. Diꞌ maggusaw in lambiꞌ dayn ha pais niya. The snail does not come out of its shell. Kalu-kalu awn da tubuꞌ sin Panglima Hassan gumusaw. Hopefully there will come out offspring from Panglima Hassan. Cf. guwaꞌ 1 gusuk n. A rib (the bone). Nabaliꞌ in gusuk sin bataꞌ-bataꞌ nahulug dayn ha taas bāy. The child’s rib was broken when she fell from the house. GENR. bukug gūt v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To cut (flesh) all the way through. Gūta in istaꞌ. Cut the fish all the way through. Cf. huyaꞌ, hilap, galiꞌ, dīp (See utud for table.) gutas n. Hunger, starvation. Miyatay gutas in bataꞌ. The child died of hunger.    v. ag magpa-; pat -un. To become hungry, starve. Gutasun in manga paguy bang diꞌ makakaun ha lawm duway adlaw. The evacuees will starve if they can’t eat within two days. Malamma in tau giyugutas. A person who is starving is weak. Cf. hapdiꞌ, bungtas, gutum

*gutgut v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To fiddle (something, as a violin). Gutguti kita kalangan ha biyula mu yan. Fiddle us a tune on your violin.    n. gugutgut A bow (of a violin). Nabaliꞌ in gugutgut sin biyula niya. The bow of his violin was broken. gutuk n. A curse that befalls someone who has sworn falsely on the Holy Koran. In sakit kiyugdan gutuk diꞌ kaulian sin duktur. An illness caused by a curse from swearing falsely on the Koran cannot be cured by a doctor.    v. pat -un. To be afflicted with such a curse. Ayaw kaw magsapa ha Kuraan bang kaw diꞌ mabayaꞌ gutukun. Don’t swear on the Koran if you don’t want to be afflicted with a curse from swearing falsely on it. Cf. suknaꞌ gutum n. Famine, starvation. Miyatay siya gutum. He died of starvation.    adj. magutum Characterized by famine. Minsan unu in hitanum, matay da sin suga. Magutum in hulaꞌ. Whatever one plants, it dies in the sun. There is a famine in our place.    v. pat mag-, -um-, -un. To be or become in a condition of famine or starvation. Bang way na kakaun gutumun na in hulaꞌ. If there’s no more food, there will be famine in the country. Cf. bungtas, hapdiꞌ, gutas *guun v. ag mang-, mag-; pat -un. To anticipate (an outcome); expect, hope for (something). Walaꞌ aku nagguun sin tabang niya. I didn’t anticipate his help. Giyuguun ku dumatung kaw ha masamut. I expected that you would arrive sooner. OV SYN. *huwat guwaꞌ 1 n. The outside (of a house, room, etc.). Ha guwaꞌ sila nagpanayam būla. They played with the ball outside. ANT.: lawm 1.1. v. TR ag mag-, -um-; goal -un. To exit, come out, appear. Guwaꞌ kaw dayn ha bilik. Come out from the room. Kuꞌnu gumuwaꞌ in Sulu Studies II? When will the Sulu Studies II come out? Guwaun ku in manga bisita. I will go out to the visitors (i.e., to greet them or usher them into the house). v. CV 1 pat hi-, -un. To let (something) out. Subay ta higuwaꞌ in sakit atay ta. We have to let out our hard feelings. ANT.: sūd1 1.1. n. pagguwaꞌ The coming out (of something). Jagahi in pagguwaꞌ sin manga tau dayn ha bāy yaun.

Watch for the coming out of the people from that building. n. guwaan An exit. Dapit pakain in guwaan sin sīni? Which way does the movie exit face? 2 n. Result, outcome, the way something turns out (also guwaan). Unu da in guwaꞌ sin pagmiting niyu? What was the outcome of your meeting? Mahumu mangiꞌ in guwaan sin anak piyararakag. Usually a spoiled brat has a bad outcome (i.e., turns out bad). guyaꞌ 1 n. Flimsiness, weakness. Bang biyaꞌ ha yan in guyaꞌ sin kakanaꞌ ayaw na kaw magbī. If that’s the flimsiness of the material, don’t buy it. adj. Not durable, easy to break (as of rope); shabby or threadbare, flimsy (as of clothes); physically weak so as to be susceptible to diseases. Maguyaꞌ in baran sin bataꞌ ini. This child’s body is physically weak. v. ST pat -um-. To become shabby or threadbare, physically weak so as to be susceptible to diseases. Gimuyaꞌ na in badjuꞌ niya. Her dress has become shabby. ANT.: kamdus 1. 2 adj. (Of conviction or belief) easily swayed. guyaꞌ atay n. Emotionality, quickness to weep.    adj. maguyaꞌ atay Emotional, quick to weep. Maguyaꞌ in atay sin babai yan. Hangkarayꞌ tumangis. That woman is emotional. She weeps easily. (See atay for table.) guyud 1 v. ag mag-, mang-, -um-; pat -un. To drag, pull (something). Guyura in bangkuꞌ pa dugu yadtu. Drag the chair to that corner. OV SYN. *utung 2 v. AQ ag/goal mang-; pat -un. To abduct (someone, often a girl in order to marry her). Guyurun ta in tunang ku. We’ll abduct my girlfriend. Cf. *kidnap, *dakup

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Tausug-English Dictionary: Kabtangan Iban Maana

Tausug - English a

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h ha rel. (Locative noun phrase marker) at, in, on, with. Yadtu siya ha upis. He is at the office. ha lawman (see lawm) Under (someone’s) roof, in (someone’s) care, protection, support and guidance. haꞌbun v. AR ag mag-, -um-, mang-; ran -an. To waylay, ambush (someone). Manghaꞌbun kami kuntara ha kabakkawan. We will ambush our enemy at the place where there are many mangrove trees. Hiyaꞌbunan sin manga mundu in manga sundalu. The outlaws ambushed the soldiers. Cf. hapaꞌ haꞌgut v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To strip (abaca fiber). Haꞌgutun ku in lanut mahapun ini. I’ll strip abaca this afternoon.

   n. paghahaꞌgut A device for stripping abaca fiber. Matanam tuud in paghahaꞌgutan niya lanut. His device for stripping abaca fiber is very easy to work with. haꞌlu (gimb. equiv. of hallu) n A pestle (esp. for pounding rice). haatay (from ha + atay) v. ag mag-; pat -un. To take (something) to heart, consider (something) seriously. Haataya da in hinang mu. Consider your work seriously. habaꞌ 1 n. Length (of an object). In habaꞌ sin bāy, kaꞌnuman siki. The length of the house is sixty feet. adj. mahabaꞌ (Of an object) long. v. ST pat mag-, -um-. (For something) to become longer. Bang lumugay humabaꞌ da in buhuk mu. In time your hair will become long. Pahabaun ku in buhuk ku. I’ll let my hair get long. Cf.: lanjang, taas 1. 2 n. Length (of time). adj. mahabaꞌ Long, lengthy. Mahabaꞌ in himumungan sin mayul. The mayor gave a lengthy speech. n. katihabaan The entirety of or the whole of (a period of time). Nagꞌuusaha siya katihabaan adlaw. He is earning a living the entire day. Way siya nakapagkālu katihabaan sin umul niya. He has never quarreled in his whole life. habaꞌ dilaꞌ adj. (idiom) Talkative. In tau habaꞌ dilaꞌ mahumu makabaak lingug. A talkative person often gets into trouble. habagat n. Wind from the west-southwest, southwest monsoon (hitting Jolo usu. from June through September). In hangin habagat huyup dayn ha sadlupan. The southwest monsoon blows from the west. (See hangin for table.) habal n. News. Biyutang ha katas habal awn badju. It is published in the newspaper that there is a typhoon. Diyungug ku in habal ha radyu. I heard the news over the radio.    v. ag mag-. To give news or information. Hisiyu in naghabal kaymu? Who gave you the news? Cf. baytaꞌ, suysuy habas n. A sore (in an inaccessible place on the body, as between the toes, behind the ears, or between the legs), athlete’s foot, fungus. Taga habas in ūt gulamay niya. He has a sore in between his fingers. (See

Appendix 8: Diseases)    v. pat -un. To be or become afflicted with such a disease. Habasun kaw bang kaw diꞌ magpamayguꞌ. You will be afflicted with a fungus if you don’t take a bath. habay-habay n. A kind of amulet (believed to make the one wearing it invulnerable against bullets or other deadly weapons). Dāha in habay-habay mu bang kaw pa pagbunuan. Take your amulet with you when you go to battle.    v. ag mag-; ran -an. To wear such an amulet (in order to be invulnerable against bullets). Cf. antinganting 1, manik 1, adjimat, papakan, buku 2, hampan habhab (var. of abꞌab) v To eat or drink voraciously. habib n. A title given to a salip who has made the pilgrimage to Mecca. habluꞌ n. Softness (of mud). Bihaini da in habluꞌ sin pisak didtu ha kāmuꞌ. The softness of the mud at our place is also like this.    adj. mahabluꞌ Marshy and deep, miry. Mahabluꞌ in pisak. The mud is miry. Cf. pisak hablun n. A loom. Bakas na aku nakakitaꞌ papagan sin hablun. I once saw the parts of a loom.    v. CH 2 ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To weave (something on a loom). Hablunun ku in sutlaꞌ pīs. I’ll weave the thread into a scarf.    adj. hiyablun Woven (materials). Mahalgaꞌ in kakanaꞌ hiyablun. Woven materials are expensive. habug n. Broadness, breadth (of cloth only). Duwangka-mitru in habug sin tadjung hi inaꞌ. The breadth of mother’s sarong is two meters.    adj. mahabug (Of cloth) broad, double-width. Mahabug in kakanaꞌ ini. This cloth is double-width. ANT. matingting *tingting; Cf. ablang habul n. A (general-purpose) sarong. Marakmul iban mahabaꞌ in habul siyusulug niya. The sarong that she is wearing is thick and long.    v. ag mag-; pat -un; ran/ben -an. To cover or clothe (someone) with a sarong, wrap (someone) in a sarong. Habuli in bataꞌ-bataꞌ yan. Wrap your baby in a sarong. OV SYN. manta, siub, tapis 1, tadjung; Cf. ampiꞌ

hād 1 n. A period of time given (as for payment, submission of reports, or surrender of unlicensed firearms). Dihilan sila hād magbayad sampay kunsūm. They’re given the time to pay till tomorrow. v. ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To provide a period of time, set a deadline (for something) or a limit (on something). Diꞌ siya magpanghād magbissara. She does not put limits on what she says (i.e., speaks without reservation). Hāran ta kaw magbayad sin utang mu kākuꞌ. I’ll set you a period of time to pay me your debts. Cf.: jangkaan *jangkaꞌ. 2 v. pat -un. [Used only with negative diꞌ.] To give (someone) mercy, hesitate to harm (someone). Diꞌ sa kaw yan niya hārun bang siya dugalan. He won’t hesitate to harm you if he’s angry. hadas n. Impurity, dirt, filth that renders one’s prayer not valid.{There are two kinds. Hadas asibiꞌ can be removed by merely washing it with water (as human filth, mud, dung, and the like). Hadas dakulaꞌ can be removed only by taking a bath, usu. with the utterance of some verse [as after menstruation, after a copulation, or after giving birth to a child].} Hadas in atay niya hangkan way pahalaꞌ in sambahayang niya. His heart is full of impurity, that is why his prayers were unanswered. Diꞌ makasambahayang in tau bang awn hadas ha baran niya. A man can’t pray if he has any dirt on his body. Naghugas sadja siya lima sabab hadas asibiꞌ da in nakalummiꞌ kaniya. He just washed his hands because it was dirt removable by washing that got him dirty. Cf. lummiꞌ 1 haddam n. {Rare} A guard. Duwa in haddam sin Dayang-Dayang. The princess has two guards. Cf. jaga haddarat (var. of hagdarat) n (In) the presence (of God). hādil, hādir, hagdir (var. of hagdil) v To attend (a meeting or gathering). hadis n. The words and preaching of Prophet Muhammad, the oral translation and preaching of such material in Tausug. Nakarungug na kaw hadis ha masjid? Have you heard the oral translation and preaching of prophet Muhammad’s words at the mosque?    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To translate and preach the words of Prophet Muhammad. Bang adlaw Jumaat maghadis in imam ha masjid. On Friday the priest will translate and preach the words of Prophet Muhammad at the mosque. Cf. parman hadja1 (var. of sadja1) adv Only.

hadja2 (var. of sadja2) adv Always, at all times. hadjiꞌ n. A person who has made the pilgrimage to Mecca. Subay diꞌ magsulban bang bukun hadjiꞌ. A person shouldn’t wear a turban if he is not one who has made the pilgrimage to Mecca.    v. ag mag-, -um-. To make a pilgrimage to Mecca. Maghadjiꞌ aku pa Makka tahun ini. I will make a pilgrimage to Mecca this year. In maghadjiꞌ amu na hambuuk rukun sin āgama Islam. Making the pilgrimage is one of the (five) pillars of Islam. Cf. pagtawap *tawap hāg n. A big supporting pole, house post. Subay mapagun in hāg ha giꞌtung sin bāy mu. The central post of your house must be strong.    v. AR ag mag-; ran -an. To provide (something) with big poles or posts. Subay hāgan na muna in bāy ampa lantayan. We should put up the posts of the house first and then the floor. Cf. tuku hagak v. ag mag-, -um-, mang-. To cry in a loud voice. Naghagak in kambing. The goat is crying loudly. Piyahagak mu hadja in anak mu. You always cause your child to cry loudly. Marayꞌ awn masakit kaniya hangkan da siya naghagak. Maybe there’s something painful in her that’s why she cries loudly. OV SYN. tangis, asang2 hagas-hagas n. A whisper. Diyungug mu in hagas-hagas niya? Did you hear his whisper?    v. ag mag-, -um-; goal -an. To whisper, tell (someone something) in a soft or low voice.{Usu. the listener puts his ear close to the mouth of the speaker.} Hagas-hagasi siya bat way makarungug. Whisper to him so that nobody will hear it. SYN. higung-higung hagaw-hagaw adj. Doubtful, uncertain, indefinite. Biyaꞌ hagaw-hagaw in pagtulak sin manga tau yan pa Sambuwangan. The trip of these people to Zamboanga seems to be indefinite. Cf. hawal-hawal hagdan n. A ladder, stairs, steps. Nabaliꞌ in hagdan sin bāy namuꞌ pagsakat niya. The stairs to our house was broken when he went up it.    v. TV ag mag-, -um-; goal -un. To go up a ladder or stairs, use a ladder to climb (something, as a coconut tree). Humagdan kita pa bāy. We will climb up the stairs to the house.    v. AR ag mag-; -um-; ran -an. To provide (something) with a ladder. Hagdanan ta in niyug bat marāg. We will put a ladder at the coconut tree so that we can climb it.

hagdarat (var. haddarat) n. (In) the presence (of God). Yadtu hi Isa bihaun ha hagdarat sin Tuhan. Jesus is there now in the presence of God. hagdil (var. hādil, hādir, hagdir) v. ag -um-; ran -an. To attend (a meeting or gathering). Diꞌ kaw mabayaꞌ humagdil sin pagtiyaun? Don’t you want to attend the wedding celebration? haggut1 1 n. Coldness. In haggut sin hulaꞌ dī ha Nasuliꞌ! How cold it is here at Nasuli! v. pat -um-, mag-, -un. (For a place, one’s body) to become cold. Haggutun kita bang timpu pangulan. We will get cold when it is rainy season. adj. mahaggut (Of the weather, one’s body) cool, cold. Mahaggut in banuwa. The weather is cold. OV SYN.: hagpay. 2 adj. mahaggut Not excited, calm, composed (with atay). Bang bukun mahaggut in atay niya nakapagkālu sila. If he were not calm they would have resorted to quarreling. (See atay for table.) 3 adj. mahaggut (Of a doctor or healer) effective. Mahaggut in lima niya mangubat. He’s an effective healer. 4 adj. mahaggut Lucky. Mahaggut in lima niya ha pagꞌusahahan. He has a lucky hand when it comes to business. ANT. mapasuꞌ pasuꞌ 3 haggut-pasuꞌ (comp.) n. Great difficulties or dangers. haggut2 n. A type of wood sold as medicine in the market, a medicinal herb. Painuma in bataꞌ nasasakit uttus haggut. Let the child who is sick with chicken pox drink a medicinal herb. haggut atay n. Calmness.    adj. mahaggut atay Calm, patient, composed. In nakuraꞌ ha paghulaꞌ subay mahaggut atay. A leader in a community must be calm. (See atay for table.) haggut-pasuꞌ n. Great difficulties or dangers, all difficulties (that come to one). Bang kaw mabayaꞌ dumayaw in parasahan, subay kaw sumandal haggut-pasuꞌ. If you want to prosper in life, you have to endure great difficulties. Sandali in haggut-pasuꞌ bat mu matalus in pagꞌiskul mu. Endure all difficulties so you’ll get through your schooling. hagikhik n. Dandruff. Mataud hagikhik ha ū niya. He has plenty of dandruff.

   v. ST pat -un. To develop dandruff. Palanua in paghugas mu sin buhuk mu bat kaw diꞌ hagikhikun. When you wash your hair make it clean, so that you won’t get dandruff. hagin v. pat mag-, -um-, magka-; ran -an. To be changed (in quantity, quality, or condition); (with negative, as usu.), remain the same, stable, steady or constant; remain intact, uninjured, or unimpaired. Bang kahaginan in manga dagangan ini maggantiꞌ kaw. If something will be missing in these commodities you’ll have to pay. Kiyugdan siya saꞌ walaꞌ nahagin sin pungluꞌ. He was hit by the bullet but he remained uninjured. Way hagin sin taud sin tau maghadjiꞌ pa Makka tahun-tahun. The great number of people going on pilgrimage to Mecca remains the same every year. Walaꞌ nahagin in īman niya pa Tuhan. His faith in God remains constant. Diꞌ magkahagin in taud sin dakdakan minsan da adlaw-adlaw magdakdak. The load of washing remained the same even though (we) washed every day. Walaꞌ da kiyahaginan in sīn dīhil mu kākuꞌ. The money you gave me is still intact. OV SYN. halin hagmal adj. (Of talking) through (one’s) nose. Hagmal siya magbissara. He’s talking through his nose. Cf. pungaꞌ hagpay n. Coldness (of things touched, e.g., snow, ice, water, or food).    adj. mahagpay Cold (as of ice). Mahagpay in ays. The ice is cold.    v. ST pat -um-, mag-. (For an object) to become cold. Pahagpayun ta in tubig ha prijidir. We will cool the water in the refrigerator. Cf. haggut1 1 *hagtuꞌ n. The ritual jerking of someone’s hair (to determine the origin of someone else’s sickness, to determine the spirit responsible which should therefore be placated). In labhaꞌ di makāꞌ sin hagtuꞌ subay abat sadja. The labhaꞌ type of curse can’t be cured by ritual jerking of hair; it is only the abat type of spirit curse that can be cured (that way).    v. ag mag-, mang-; ran -an. To divine by jerking (someone’s) hair. Pahagtuan ku hi Aisa kan Babuꞌ bat kaingatan in sakit niya. I’ll ask Auntie to divine by jerking someone’s hair to determine where the sickness of Aisa originated. hagubhub n. A humming sound (as of a human voice, a kite, the whistling of wind, thunder at a distance, the whir of birds’ wings). Diyurungug mari in hagubhub sin taguriꞌ niya. The humming of his kite

could be heard here.    v. act mag-, -um-. To make such a sound. Naghagubhub dakuman in baanan kabug limabay. The flock of bats made a humming sound when they went by. Cf. lagublub haguk 1 n. Snoring. Makusug in haguk niya. His snoring is loud. v. act/pat mag-, -um-. To snore. Asal in tau maghaguk bang natutūg. It’s natural for people to snore when they are asleep. SYN.: *hagung. 2 v. ran -an. To fool, bluff (someone) by pretending or purposefully snoring or snorting (thus making the noise associated with ghosts). Ayaw mu aku haguki. Diꞌ da aku mabugaꞌ. Don’t snort like a ghost at me. I’m not afraid. hagum (gimb. haꞌgum) v. AR ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To soak (something, as clothing, food, or a part of one’s body). Hagumi in tamungun ha tubig bat maluhay makawaꞌ in lummiꞌ. Soak the clothes in water so that the dirt will be easily washed out. Cf. luꞌgum *hagung v. act/pat mag-. To snore, breathe noisily (as in one’s sleep). Diyungug ta kaw naghagung kabii. I heard you snoring last night. SYN. haguk 1 hagunghung n. A reverberating sound. Diyungug mu in hagunghung? Did you hear the reverberating sound?    v. act/pat mag-. To make a reverberating sound. Maghagunghung in tirmus. The thermos makes a reverberating sound. Cf. ulangig, sagingsing hagupit n. A tree with rough leaves (used for smoothing a surface as furniture or boards), any material used for smoothing, thus sandpaper. Kagunahan in hagupit pagpalanuꞌ sin bangkuꞌ ini. We need rough leaves to smoothen this chair.    v. AR ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To sandpaper or smooth (a surface). Hagupiti in lamisahan, Utuꞌ. Sandpaper the table, Son. hāin (var. of hariin) adv Where? hait (gimb. equiv. of hayt) n Sharpness (of an object). hajarat v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un; goal/ben -an. To narrate, relate, or recount (something, as a story or

ballad). Hajaratan ta kamu sin kissa hi Napsa Lagayan. I will relate to you the story of Napsa Lagayan. Hajaratun ku in kakari sin Kastilaꞌ. I’ll relate the story of the coming of the Spaniards. OV SYN. baytaꞌ; Cf. kissa hājat n. Purpose, intention. Awn hajat ku pa sultan hangkan aku miyari. I have a purpose for the king that is why I’m here.    v. aux mag-, -un. To purpose, intend. Unu in hiyājat mu miyari? What is your purpose in coming here? Awn pa hājatun ku magtalus sin pagꞌiskul. There is something I’m still purposing to do, finish my schooling. OV SYN. najal; Cf. gawi, maksud, gasad hāk 1 n. Anything acquired grudgingly through fraud, corruption, bribery, usury, or extortion; work accepted that is not paid for; anything that is not freely given. Magkangiꞌ-ngiꞌ kaw bang kaw kumaun hāk sin manusiyaꞌ. You will become poor or sick if you acquire something that is not freely given you. Cf. kulliꞌ 1, kugut 2, *anyaya 2 v. ag mag-; ran pag-…-an. [Does not occur with pa₂.] To consider that (someone) has something against you. Paghākan ta kaw bang mu diꞌ tabukun in sīn ini. I will consider that you have something against me if you don’t accept this money. hakhak n. paghakhak Loud laughter (expressing merriment). In paghakhak nila kabii diyurungug pa bāy namuꞌ. We heard their laughter last night over at our house.    v. ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To laugh loudly or unreservedly. Hakhak kaw balik ha dān bang ta kān diꞌ lubakan! Laugh loudly again on the road and I’ll really spank you!    adj. mahakhak Prone to loud laughter. Maytaꞌ ba kaw yan mahakhak tuud? Why are you prone to loud laughter? Cf. katawa, hikhik, daghay, uyum, kisiꞌ 1 hakika n. paghakika A sacrifice, a ritual slaughtering of a goat or cow performed sometime before puberty for a child.{It is believed that the animal will testify in the afterlife that this child is actually the child of his parents. Without such a ritual the child would not recognize his parents in the afterlife.}    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To make such a sacrifice. Bang maghakika ha kāmuꞌ, hambuuk kambing, hangkatau. When a sacrifice is made at our place, one goat is for one person. Subay hakikahun in bataꞌ. We should have a ritual sacrifice for the child.    n. paghakikahan The thing sacrificed. Kambing atawa sapiꞌ in paghakikahan ha manga bataꞌ. A goat

or a cow is what is sacrificed for the child. Cf. paggunting gunting 2, pagtimbang timbang 1.2, pagꞌislam islam 2, kulban hakīkat n. Truth, sincerity. Ampa in hakīkat ku pa Tuhan diꞌ malipat. My sincerity to God shall not fade. hakup (var. akup) n. A handful. Kawaꞌ na kaw hangka hakup bātung yan. Take a handful of peanuts.    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To take up (something) by handfuls, scoop (something) in (one’s) hands. Hakupa sadja in asin sabab wayruun luluunan ta. Scoop up the salt in your hands because we don’t have a container. OV SYN. kamut hakut v. ag mag-, -um-, mang-; pat -un. To transport, load or carry away (people or things) in a large quantity to another place. Hakutun ta in kapanyapan dayn ha bāy. We’ll carry away the things from the house.    n. maghahakut A transporter, carrier. Kami in maghahakut sin manga luwan pa kappal. We are the carriers of the loads to the boat. Cf. dā 1.1, hatud hāl1 1 n. Condition. Maunu-unu na in hāl sin pagꞌiskul mu? How is the condition of your schooling? Ha hāl sin pagbunuꞌ ha Lupaꞌ Sūg, kulang in pariksaꞌ ku. With regard to the condition of the fighting in Jolo, I don’t have much knowledge. n. kahālan Condition, situation. Bukun marayaw in kahālan sin hulaꞌ. The condition of the country is not good. 2 n. kahālan An event, occurrence; gathering. Awn malagguꞌ kahālan hinang ha plasa. There will be a big event put on in the plaza. hāl2 n. Treat, refreshment, merienda. Way minsan hāl niyu yan muwiꞌ na sadja kamu. You didn’t even have refreshment and now you are going home. hal hiwal (var. hal hiyuwal) n. A happening or condition. Way panghāti ku sin hal hiwal niyu ditun. I have no information about what’s happening with you there. Mabassa mu ha katas habal in katān hal hiwal ha katilibut sin dunya. You can read in the newspaper all the happenings around the world. halal adj. Lawful, permitted, not forbidden (by the law of the Islamic religion); ceremonially cleaned, kosher (generally refers to animals butchered for food by the priest or any religious person). Halal in

kakaun walaꞌ tiyaꞌgahan sin āgama. Foods that are not forbidden by (the Islamic) religion are lawful. Mangiꞌ in humulid ha babai bang bukun ta halal kawin. It’s wrong to sleep with a woman if she’s not our lawful wife.    v. pat -un. To make (something) lawful (as a marriage). Subay halalun in paghambuuk nila. Their union should be made lawful. ANT. haram 1; Cf. mural halaman n. A yard (of a house), courtyard, lawn, ground (as a playground). In halaman nila tiyatanuman jambangan. Their courtyard is planted with flowers.    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To plant (flowers, vegetables in the yard), beautify (the yard). Maghalaman kami sumping ha higad bāy. We will plant flowers beside the house. halambiyaraꞌ adj. (Of a child) illegitimate. Anak halambiyaraꞌ in hipagꞌanak bukun halal kawin in inaꞌ amaꞌ. Children born with parents not legally married are illegitimate. *halap v. ag mang-; goal pang-…-an. To trust (someone). Diꞌ siya manghalap kākuꞌ. He doesn’t trust me. Panghalap kaw pa Tuhan. Trust in God. Hi Bapaꞌ in panghalapan sin Mayul ha hinang upis. Uncle is the one whom the mayor trusts in the office work. Hisiyu bahaꞌ in kapanghalapan ta magtungguꞌ sin bāy ha lugay ta way dī? Whom can we trust to watch over the house while we are not around? Cf. pangandul halgaꞌ 1 n. Price, cost (of something); value. v. ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To set a price or cost (of something), charge (an amount for something). Pila sīn mu halgaan in manuk yan? How much will you charge for that chicken? adj. mahalgaꞌ Valuable, dear, expensive, costly. Mahalgaꞌ pa in martabbat dayn ha altaꞌ. Honor is more valuable than money. ANT.: luhay 1. 2 n. Honor, integrity. Way halgaꞌ sin tau way sipug. A shameless person has no integrity. halhal 1 v. act/pat mag-, -um-, mang-; goal -an. To protrude, hang out (as the tongue from exhaustion, heat, thirst). Manghalhal in dilaꞌ ta sin uhaw bang bihaꞌ ini way tubig. Our tongues will hang out from thirst when it’s like this with no water. 2 adj. (With dilaꞌ) describing someone who is repeatedly taught something but who doesn’t obey or doesn’t learn (see matugas [tugas 2]).

v. act/pat -um-. (With dilaꞌ, to tell or teach someone something) repeatedly. Minsan humalhal in dilaꞌ mu maghinduꞌ ha bataꞌ yan diꞌ da magkahagad. Even if you repeatedly advise that child, he won’t take heed. hali n. Rest. In hali sin tau magꞌaani, malugay. The rest of harvesters is long.    v. ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To rest (from work), cease (from work) in order to rest. Halihan ku in hinang bat makalaul. I’ll rest from my work because it is tiring. OV SYN. hali-hali hali-hali n. A short rest. In hali-hali namuꞌ hangkarayꞌ da. Our short rest was only for a short time.    v. ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To take a rest, rest a short time. Hali-halihan ta naa in pagꞌiskul. Let us rest for a while from school. Subay pahali-halihun na in manga maas taniyu. We have to let our parents rest.    n. paghali-halihan A resting place. Marayaw tuud in kahinang sin paghali-halihan sin manga magꞌaani. The resting place of the harvesters is very well constructed. OV SYN. hali halimun n. A charm (consisting of certain spoken or written formulas which when learned will produce invisibility). In magꞌammal halimun diꞌ pagkakitaan. If one meditates on the invisibility charm he cannot be seen.    adj. halimunan Having the power of invisibility. Halimunan hi maas Jikiri. Old Jikiri has the power of invisibility. halin n. Deterioration, change (always with negative way). Way pa halin sin makina ini, baꞌgu pa. There is still no deterioration in this sewing machine (i.e., it’s undamaged), it’s still new.    vt. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To change, alter, or damage (something). Ayaw halina in unu-unu na kiyabutang ha lawm sulat. Don’t alter anything in that letter.    vi. pat ma-, magka-. (With negative) to remain the same, intact, unaffected, undamaged or unaltered. Minsan siya magpalingkat way da nahalin in dagbus niya. Even though she beautifies herself, she still looks the same. Diꞌ da aku mahalin minsan niyu aku diꞌ bagayun. I won’t be affected anyway, even if you won’t befriend me. OV SYN. hagin halipa n. The highest religious official in the state during the Sulu Sultanate, usu. in the mosque of the Sultan. Halipa in nagnakuraꞌ ha pagsambahayang ha masjid sin sultan. The one leading the prayer in

the king’s mosque was the halipa. SYN. muwallam; Cf. imam, bilal, hatib halipulu adj. Impolite, discourteous, ill-behaved, ill-mannered (esp. of a person who overpasses the authority or the right of others.) Halipulu in mulid magbissara bang in mastal nagbibissara. A pupil is impolite if he talks while the teacher is talking.    v. ag mag-, mang-; pat -un. To misbehave, be rude, discourteous, or disrespectful; shame (someone). Ayaw kaw maghalipulu mari. Don’t come here misbehaving. halliꞌ 1 v. ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To be watchful or alert (to danger), take precautions, protect oneself or avoid (something, as sickness, enemy, accident, disgrace, a fight, or trouble). Paghalliꞌ-halliꞌ kamu. Sumūd in mundu dūm ini. Be on the watch. The bandits might raid the town tonight. OV SYN. jaga 2 v. ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To reserve (something, as food, water, a seat). Hallian ta man kaw lingkuran ha jīp. I’ll reserve you a seat on the jeep. Cf. tagama hallu (gimb. haꞌlu) n. A pestle (esp. for pounding rice). Kawaa in hallu. Magbayu kita pāy. Get the pestle. We will pound some rice. OV SYN. babayu bayu; Cf. lusung, pipisan *pipis halluwa n. A confection made from pounded rice or corn, sugar, and coconut milk. Masarap in kahinang sin halluwa ini. The way this pounded rice confection is made is delicious.    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To make this kind of confection. (See Appendix 7: Kinds of Confections Served at Special Occasions) haluꞌ 1 adj. Rotten. Ayaw kaw magbī sin istaꞌ haluꞌ. Don’t buy rotten fish. v. ST pat -um-, ma-. To become rotten. Mahaluꞌ in baran sin tau bang siya patay na. The body of a person will rot when he dies. OV SYN.: dugdug 1. 2 n. Any sexually transmitted disease. (See Appendix 8: Diseases) haluꞌ atay adj. Ungrateful. In tau haluꞌ atay diꞌ magpanumtum buddi. An ungrateful person doesn’t remember a debt of gratitude. (See atay for table.) halubilu n. A great disturbance or disorder, trouble, confusion (as of country and people). Halubilu in lawm hulaꞌ. There is a great disturbance in the country.    v. pat ma-. To be or become disorderly, troubled, confused, chaotic, upset. Mahalubilu in hulaꞌ bang

matay in pirisidin. The country will become chaotic if the president dies. Cf. lingug, hiluhalaꞌ haluk v. act/pat -um-, mag-. To sleep soundly. Nakahaluk sila natūg walaꞌ minsan kiyasayuhan in sugarul. They slept so soundly that they didn’t even notice the thief.    adj. mahaluk (Of sleep) deep or sound. Mahaluk pakarayaw in pagtūg niyu kabii. Goodness but your sleep was sound last night. halul (gimb. equiv. of hawl) adj Wounded. halul-akkal adj. Very intelligent. Hi maas Arula tau halul-akkal. The respected Mr. Arola was a very intelligent man. Cf. balꞌakkal, pandikal, bayan-buddiman *halulay v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To reunite, reconcile (as husband and wife). Subay halulayun in magtiyaun bat diꞌ makapagbugit. We should reconcile the married couple so they won’t divorce. haluy 1 n. Looseness. Awn manga hangka-insiꞌ in haluy sin pantalun niya. The looseness of his pants is about one inch. v. ST pat -um-, mag-. To become loose. Ayaw mu yan siputa bat diꞌ humaluy. Don’t turn that so it won’t become loose. Pahaluya in paghinang mu sin buktun. Make the sleeve loose. adj. mahaluy Loose (as of clothing, jewelry, screws, bolts). Mahaluy in tawmpaꞌ ku. My shoes are loose. ANT.: sigpit 1; Cf.: *hukaꞌ 1. mahaluy in siput (idiom) adj. Lacking in wit (lit. having one’s screws loose). Mahaluy in siput niya. He’s lacking in wit. 2 adj. mahaluy (Of one’s mind) uncluttered and at ease. Mahaluy in pikilan ku. My mind is uncluttered and at ease. 3 adj. mahaluy (Of one’s pockets) empty (i.e., penniless). Mahaluy in bulsa ku adlaw ini. I’m penniless today. hamaꞌ n. A kind of small mosquito that gives a stinging bite. Mabisa mangutkut in hamaꞌ. The bite of the small mosquito hurts. Cf. hilam (See Appendix 1: Birds and Flying Insects) *haman adj. mahaman Not paying attention, neglectful, procrastinating. Mahaman siya ha hinang niya. He is neglectful of his work.

   v. ag mag-; pat -un. [Often rdp.] To disregard, fail to pay attention, neglect (something), procrastinate (something). Haman-hamanun niya sadja in hinang. He is used to procrastinating his work. Cf. *sād hamba n. A slave (as of a sultan). In manga hamba hi ampun yari na. The slaves of the sultan are now here.    adj. (With raayat) humble. Ampun, yari na in hamba raayat mu. Your highness, here are your humble subjects. Cf. patik hambāꞌ (var. of ambayaꞌ) adv Almost, nearly, about to happen but prevented. *hambin v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To carry (a child) on the hip (with the child’s legs straddling one’s hip and usu. with only one arm supporting the child). Hambina in bataꞌ-bataꞌ sabab awn diyarā ku pamutus. Carry the child for me on your hip because I’ve got this bundle to carry. (See dā for table.) hambug n. Healthiness, stoutness, chubbiness. Diꞌ hikasipat in hambug sin pamaranan niya. The healthiness of his body is really something.    adj. mahambug (Of people) fat, stout; (of flowers) healthy, blooming. Mahambug in jambangan nila. Their flower garden is blooming. Cf. tambuk hambuuk (from hang- + *buuk) 1 adj. A single (thing or unit), one. Hambuuk da in asawa niya. He has only one wife. OV SYN.: isa1 ; Cf.: tunggal. v. ag mag-, -um-, mang-; pat -un. To join (a group), put or bring (things) together; (for people) to unite or live together. Mabayaꞌ kaw humambuuk kanila? Would you like to join them? Subay kitaniyu maghambuuk pikilan ha hikahatul sin hulaꞌ. We should unite our thinking to achieve peace for our country. Hambuukun na in pamī-mī natuꞌ ha labban ini. We’ll put the things we have bought together in this box. 2 v. ag mag-. (For a man and a woman) to live together (as husband and wife). Subay diꞌ maghambuuk in usug iban babai bang sila bukun halal kawin. A man and a woman should not live together if they’re not legally married. hambuuk-buuk (from hang- + *buuk) adj. Alone-of-its-kind, unique, the only; only. Hambuuk-buuk Tuhan in nakaingat sin ha lawm atay ku. Only God knows what is in my heart.

hamis (gimb. haꞌmis) n. Moistness, dampness. Nakalanduꞌ in hamis sin badjuꞌ ku. The dampness of my dress is excessive.    adj. mahamis Undried, damp, moist (of fabrics only, as cloth, lace, thread, etc.). Mahamis in manga badjuꞌ ha pagpahayangan. The clothes on the clothesline are still moist.    v. ST pat -um-. To become damp. Pahamisun ku in badjuꞌ bat diꞌ masulug. I’ll dampen this dress so it can’t be worn. OV SYN. basaꞌ, himmil hamiyu n. A faint but pervasive smell, scent. Kiyahamutan ku in hamiyu sin suwaꞌ. I smelled the scent of oranges. Cf. bahuꞌ1 1, hamut *hammil adj. Slightly runny and muddy, (of batter) soft. Mahammil in addun. The batter is soft. Cf. pitak Hammis n. Thursday. In dūm Hammis amu na in Wednesday night bang ha manga Milikan. The night of Thursday is Wednesday night according to the Americans. (See adlaw for table.) hampan n. Amulet, charm, talisman (generic term). Subay awn hampan mu bat kaw diꞌ kugdanan panghinang-hinang. You should have an amulet so you won’t be injured by some sorcerous doings. SPEC. habay-habay, adjimat, manik 1, buku 2, papakan hamparan n. {Rare} A carpet rug. Malingkat in nabī niya hamparan ha bartil. She bought a beautiful carpet rug at the barter trade market. Cf. palmaddaniꞌ, sudjara, karpit hampat (var. hapat) n. Clearness. In hampat sin mastal namuꞌ maghinduꞌ diꞌ hikasipat. The clearness of the teaching of our teacher is wonderful.    adj. Clear, discernible. Mahampat in bichara niya. His speech is clear.    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un, ka-…-an. [Variant is hapat.] To understand (something) clearly; explain (something) fully, elucidate (something). Pakusuga in pagbichara mu bat ku kahampatan. Speak loudly so I can understand it clearly. Pahampata in pagsulat mu bat da mabacha. Make your writing clear (i.e., legible) so it can be read. Cf. hantap *hampit v. act/pat mag-, -um-. To benefit from, share in (something), get one’s share. Way aku nakahampit sin apam liyutuꞌ mu. I didn’t get my share of the hotcake you baked. Pahampitun ta kaw sin ungsud sin anak ku. I will give you a share of the bride price of my child.

   n. pahampit Money or its equivalent given away as a goodwill gesture (esp. by parents who receive a daughter’s bride price). Wayruun pahampit kiyarihil kāmuꞌ. There was no share of the bride price given to us. Cf. bahagiꞌ, pasuwaꞌ *hamput v. ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To wriggle (as of animals mating or breeding). Maghamput in iruꞌ usug bang magpāban iban umagak. The male dog wriggles when mating with a female one. hamug n. Dewdrops. Kakitaan mu in hamug ha manga karahunan. You’ll see dewdrops on the leaves. Cf. aluꞌ hamut n. Scent, fragrance (of perfumes, food, drinks, flowers, etc.). Marayaw hamut sin sumping malul. The sampaguita has a good scent.    adj. mahamut Having a fragrant smell. Mahamut siya. She smells nice.    vt. ag -um-, mag-; pat -un. To smell (something fragrant), smell (something to see if it is fragrant). Hamutun ku in sumping rusas. I will smell the roses.    vi. act/pat -um-, mag-. (For an object) to emit a fragrant smell. Naghamut na in piritu manuk. The fried chicken is already giving out its smell.    n. panghamut The sense of smell. ANT. bahuꞌ1 1; Cf. tuꞌnug, hamiyu hanajaꞌ adj. Dying, about to die, at the point of death. Bang tau hanajaꞌ diꞌ makajari dāhun magbissara. If a person is dying no one should try to talk to him. *handuk v. ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To pound (something), thrust (something) onto or into (something else, e.g., to stab something with a spear or kick a horse in the ribs to urge it to run). Handuki niyu in hāg yan bat da makalubung pa pisak. Pound the post so it will go deep into the mud. Bang mu diꞌ handukan in kuraꞌ diꞌ manaw. If you don’t kick the horse in the ribs he won’t go. hanig n. Any material used for covering a surface (as a rug, mat, tablecloth, bedspread, or linoleum); hot pad, pot holder. Hawnu na in hanig sin lamisahan? Where is the tablecloth?    v. AR ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To cover (a surface with something). Hanigan ta in lamisahan sin hanig ini. Let’s cover the table with this tablecloth. Cf. lampik 1, *hiklad hansipak (from hang- + sipak) n. Another place, the other or opposite side (of a street, river, etc. or of a

question about which two opinions may be held). Liyu na kaw pa hansipak sin subaꞌ. You may cross to the other side of the river. Ha hansipak sila naghuhulaꞌ. They are living on the opposite side. Ha hansipak kami. We belong to the other side.    adj. One half or the other half (of something that has been or can be split in half). Kaymu na in hansipak sin istaꞌ dakulaꞌ. You can have the other half of the big fish.    v. RC mag-. To stand or be back to back. Naghahansipak in bāy nila. Their houses stand back to back. hansul 1 vt. ag mag-; pat -un. To change the shape of (something solid, such as by melting it or applying moisture), liquefy (something), dissolve (something, as sugar in water). Hansula in pilak ampa hinanga kākuꞌ singsing. Melt the silver money and then make me a ring. vi. pat ma-. To be changed in shape (by decay, rust, application of heat, dissolving, etc). Mahansul in asin ha tubig. Salt will dissolve in water. 2 v. pat ma-. (With atay) to feel compassion, pity, love for someone. Nahansul in atay ku pagkitaꞌ ku kaniya. My heart melted when I saw him. Cf. tunaw, tinuꞌ *hantak 1 v. ag -um-, mag-. (For people) to stumble, trip, fall. Himantak in bataꞌ nagdarāgan. The child who was running stumbled. vt. CV 1 pat hi-, -un. To throw (something) down heavily (connotes anger or disapproval). Hihantak ta kaw pa lupaꞌ. I’ll throw you down to the ground. vt. AR ran -an. To throw (something) heavily onto (something else). Hantakan ta sa kān sin bangkuꞌ. I’ll smash you with this bench. vi. ST exp ka-…-an. To be struck heavily by something. Kiyahantakan siya sin hāg. He was struck heavily by the (falling) post. Cf.: *dakdak 2, *ligad. 2 n. An indigenous confection made from flour. (See Appendix 7: Kinds of Confections Served at Special Occasions) *hantal v. ag mag-, -um-, mang-. To lie flat on one’s back with the limbs stretched out, lie sprawled. Yaun siya naghahantal ha kulangan. He is there lying sprawled on the bed. Cf. dayaꞌ hantang n. Description, account, delineation (also kahantang). Biyaꞌ diin in hantang sin tagainup mu? Give me a description of your dream. Bihaini in kahantang sin manga kabāyan ha Nasuli. This is a

description of the houses at Nasuli (i.e., this is what they’re like). Cf. papata hantap v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un, ka-…-an. To be at ease; (do something such as eat) unhurriedly or at one’s leisure; (speak) clearly; (think) lucidly. Pahantapa bang kaw magꞌisturi. Make it clear if you tell a story. Pagpahantap kaw kumaun. Eat at your leisure. Bang mu diꞌ kahantapan in bissara ku, baytai aku. If my speech is not clear to you, do tell me. Pahantapa in pamikil mu. Make your thinking lucid.    adj./adv. mahantap With ease, easeful(ly), clear(ly), lucid(ly). Bukun mahantap in paghinduꞌ kāmuꞌ. His teaching is not clear to us. Mahantap tuud siya magbissara. He speaks clearly. Cf. hampat, hapal hantiꞌ v. ag mag-, -um-, mang-. To stay, lodge (with someone a short time, as for a vacation). Hantiꞌ kaw dī kāmuꞌ hangka-dūm. Stay here with us one night. Pahantiun ta naa kaw dī. I’ll allow you to stay here for the meantime.    n. paghahantian Lodging quarters, dwelling used for a short stay. Ha hutil in paghahantian namuꞌ ha salugay way pa kiyabaakan namuꞌ in kampung namuꞌ. Our lodging quarters will be in a hotel until we find our relatives. Cf. duun, hulaꞌ 1.1 hantu n. A cramp (usu. caused by an evil spirit, sometimes by wind).{It is characterized by piercing pain that usu. starts on the abdominal aorta and travels to other parts of the body. It is cured by a shaman by pressing his finger on the affected region and pushing a grain like sesame seeds (lunga) through the veins until it goes out or disappears through any angle or space formed between the root growth of fingers or toes.}    v. ran -an. To be afflicted by cramps caused by evil spirits. Hangkan siya nasakit bat kiyahantuhan. The reason he is sick is that an evil spirit has given him cramps. Cf. abat 1, labhaꞌ hang- adj pfx. [Before *buuk: ham-; before sipak: han-] One, a. Wayruun minsan hangsulag bugas taniyu. We don’t have even a grain of rice. hāng (var. of sarang) adj Enough, sufficient, adequate. hangaꞌ (var. of anghaꞌ) v To threaten (someone). hangad v. ag mag-, -um-, mang-; pat -un. To look up. Hangad kaw pa taas kahuy. Look up into the tree. Unu in hangarun mu mari? What are you looking up at here? Cf. atud, kitaꞌ 1

hangastaꞌ (from *hang- + astaꞌ) n. One-fourth fathom, one and a half feet, cubit (the measure from elbow to finger tip). Kaliꞌ kaw lupaꞌ hangastaꞌ in lawm. Dig a hole about one-fourth fathom deep. (See sukud1 for table.) hangat n. An uncomfortable feeling due to heat or warm weather. Bang bihān in hangat mu, ayaw na kaw maghinang. If you’re that uncomfortable due to heat, don’t work.    v. pat -un. To feel uneasy or uncomfortable (due to warmness). Hangatun kita maghinang bang bihān pasuꞌ. When it’s this hot, we will become uncomfortable in working. Cf. pasuꞌ 1, hingas1 *hangbus v. ag mag-; pat hi-. To throw or dash (something). Hihangbus ta sa kān pa lantay. I’ll dash you against the floor. Cf. *hantak 1, *dakdak 2 hangbūs (from *hang- + *būs₂) n. One whole roll (of cloth), the entire length (of a bamboo). Hangbūs kakanaꞌ in kagunahan ta ha mayat. We need a whole roll of (white) cloth for the corpse. Cf. tibūsan hangdangaw (from *hang- + dangaw) adj. One hand span (the distance from the tip of the thumb to the tip of the middle finger of the outstretched hand). Hangdangaw da in itungan sin habaꞌ sin suruꞌ. The length of the spoon is one hand span. (See sukud1 for table.) hanggaw n. An anxious feeling of foreboding, nervous feeling, apprehension, fright, anxious hesitation. Way hanggaw ku bang pasal sin parakalaꞌ yan. I have no apprehension regarding that matter.    v. act/pat mag-, -um-; ran ka-…-an; pat -un. To be or become apprehensive, frightened, nervous; be anxiously hesitant to do something. Unu in kahanggawan mu magad kākuꞌ? What are you apprehensive about in coming with me? Himanggaw aku pagkitaꞌ ku sin taud sin tau. I became nervous when I saw the crowd.    adj. mahanggaw Cautious, fearful. Mahanggaw aku magparā sin sīn kaniya. I’m apprehensively hesitant to send the money with him. Cf. bugaꞌ, kuba-kuba, kublaꞌ, kuyang, *gupu hanggup v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To puff (as a cigarette), inhale something into the mouth (as air or smoke). Sulay kaw kunuꞌ humanggup sin siga ku. You try to puff my cigarette. Cf. *hanggut *hanggut v. ag -um-, mag-; pat -un. To sniff (something). Humanggut kita hangin ha higad dagat. Let’s sniff some fresh air along the seashore. Cf. hamut

hanghang v. ST pat -um-. To have or receive a large gaping slash (on one’s body, caused by a kris or sharp bolo). Himanghang na in paliꞌ niya ha buktun. He has a large gaping slash wound on his arm. hangin n. Breeze, wind, air. Way kumusug hangin adlaw yan. The wind is really strong today. Bang humuyup in hangin magpalupad kita taguriꞌ. When the wind blows we will fly the kite. Kulang hangin in silikan sin jīp mu. The tire of your jeep is low in air.    adj. mahangin Windy. Mahangin dayn dī ha pantan. It’s windy out here on the porch.    v. ag magpa-; ran pa-…-an. To expose (something) to the air. Ayaw mu pahangini in manga bangbang. Don’t expose the cookies to the air. Cf. hunus, badju, dalat THE NAMES OF THE WINDS AND THE DIRECTION FROM WHICH THEY BLOW uttaraꞌ

north

timul

northeast

tunggaraꞌ

east to southeast

sātan

south to southeast

barat daya

south to southwest

habagat

southwest to west-southwest

kanaway

northwest

hilagaꞌ

north-northwest

hangit (gimb. haꞌngit) n. Bad odor under the armpits (caused by perspiration, sickness, or lack of cleanliness). In hulas, makabahuꞌ hangit. Perspiration causes armpit odor. hangka- (from *hang- + ka₁) adj pfx. [Combines with other words to form derived adjectives, e.g. hangka-atay ‘united’ (see table at atay), hangka-pikilan ‘like-minded’, and many others.] One, a (the form of hambuuk used with count nouns). Dihili siya hangka-pinggan sabaw. Give him a bowl of

soup. In tau naghuhulaꞌ ha hambuuk bāy subay hangka-atay supaya way pagkālu. The people living in the same house should be of one heart (i.e., united) so that there will be no quarreling. hangka-bāy (from *hang- + bāy) v. ag -um-, mag-. To live together in the same house. Diꞌ aku humangka-bāy ha manga piyamikitan ku. I won’t live together with my in-laws. hangka-lupa (from *hang + lupa₂) v. act/pat mag-. To look like (someone). Maghangka-lupa kaw iban sin tau yaun. You look like that person. hangkan adv. Because, for that reason, that’s why. Maytaꞌ kaw hangkan nākari? For what reason are you here? Hangkan siya miyari mabayaꞌ mamayguꞌ. That’s why he came, he wants to bathe. Cf. karnaꞌ, sabab hangkarayꞌ (from *hang- + *dayꞌ₁) adv. A short time or while, a few minutes, a moment. Hangkarayꞌ da siya dī. He stayed here just a short while. Hangkarayꞌ da maubus in sīn mu ha panayam. You’ll lose your money in a short time in gambling. Katabangan mu aku maghugas lāy hangkarayꞌ? Can you help me wash the dishes for a few moments? Cf. sakadjap, magtuy hangkatiyuꞌ (from *hang- + *tiyuꞌ) adj. Small or little (in number, quantity, or amount). Hangkatiyuꞌ da in dīhil niya kākuꞌ sīn. He only gave me a little money. Hangkatiyuꞌ da in kaingatan ku pasal niya. I know just a little about him. Awn hangkatiyuꞌ kasāan niya. He has his little faults. Makatausug siya hangkatiyuꞌ. He can speak a little Tausug. Hangkatiyuꞌ da in tau miyari. Only a few people came. Hangkatiyuꞌ in untung ta sin dagangan ini. We have a small profit from this merchandise. Cf. asibiꞌ hangkuꞌ v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To jerk, pull (something) jerkily (as reins or a fishing rod). Subay mu hangkuun bat dumayaw in panaw sin kuraꞌ. You should jerk (the reins) so that the horse will walk properly. Cf. *higtung, *utung, hillaꞌ hanglad n. A beam for flooring, floor joist. Pila in hanglad bīhun ta? How many floor joists shall we buy?    v. AR ag mag-; ran -an. To furnish (a place) with floor beams or floor joists. Pagꞌubus magpatindug sin hāg bāy ampa na hanglaran. We’ll place the floor joists after the posts are erected. Cf. ayꞌay hanglup n. Chicken lice, bird lice. Nahipuꞌ sin hanglup in pugaran manuk. The chicken’s nest is filled

with chicken lice.    adj. mahanglup Infested with chicken or bird lice. Mahanglup in pugad sin manuk ku. My chicken’s resting place is full of lice. Cf. tuma, kutu hanglus n. A burn or scald (as from hot liquids, iron or steel, steam, or live embers). Ubati in hanglus ha lima niya. Apply medicine on the burn on her hand.    vt. CH 1 pat -un. To burn or scald (something). Hanglusun ku in lima mu sin tubig piyasuꞌ ini. I’ll scald your hand with this hot water.    vi. ST pat ma-. To be or become burned or scalded. Mahanglus kaw bang mu kaputan in basiꞌ mapasuꞌ. You’ll get burned if you touch hot steel. SYN. lūs; Cf. sunug hangngaꞌ (var. of anghaꞌ) v To threaten (someone). hangpuꞌ adj. Ten. Hangpuꞌ in hangka-tuhug. There are ten in one string. Hangpuꞌ-hangpuꞌ sīn in kindi. The candies are ten cents each. (See umbul for table.) hangsulag (from *hang- + sulag) n. One piece (of anything). hapaꞌ v. AR ag mag-, -um-, mang-; ran -an. To plug, block up, blockade, fill up, shut up, stop up, obstruct (a passage or an outlet as a road or pipe); set a trap, lie in wait (for someone, usu. with intention to harm); ambush or waylay (something). Hiyapaan in katān labayan pa Tiyanggi. All the entrances to the town of Jolo are shut up. Kiyahapaan sila sin mundu. They were waylaid by the bandits. Cf. agpang hapak n. Dryness (of hair). Lubiha bat maīg in hapak sin buhuk mu. Oil your hair with coconut emulsion so that you will get rid of the dryness of your hair.    adj. mahapak (Of hair) dry, without oil. In buhuk mahapak maluhay hagikhikun. Dry hair easily gets dandruff.    v. ST pat -um-. (For hair) to become dry. Bang mu diꞌ paglanahun in buhuk mu, humapak. If you don’t put oil on your hair it will become dry. Cf. tahay 1 hapal v. ag -um-. To learn, understand (something) well (as a school lesson). Mabayaꞌ aku humapal sin pangadjiꞌ Kuraan. I want to learn Koranic reading well. Diꞌ aku makahapal sin bissara niya. I can’t

understand well what he said.    v. pat -un. To speak clearly, explain or elucidate (something); memorize (something). Hapalun ku kaymu in bichara niya. I’ll explain to you what he said.    adj. mahapal Characterized by good apprehension, memory, mastery of a lesson; (of speech) intelligible, clear, grammatical. Bukun mahapal in bichara niya. Ha lawm ilung niya magguwaꞌ. His speech isn’t clear. It comes out from his nose. Mahapal siya mangadjiꞌ. He is good in reading apprehension. Cf. mapaham *paham, ingat, hantap, hampat hapat (var. of hampat) v To understand (something) clearly, explain fully, elucidate. hapdiꞌ n. Hunger (for food). In hapdiꞌ namuꞌ ha Bangngas diꞌ kasandalan! We couldn’t stand our hunger at Bangngas!    adj. mahapdiꞌ Hungry. Bang kaw mahapdiꞌ kaun na kaw. Eat now if you are hungry.    v. ST pat mag-, -um-, -un. To be or become hungry. Hapdiun kita bang magpanayam balatin. We will get hungry if we play balatin. Pahapdiun nila in manga pilisu. They’ll cause the prisoners to become hungry. Cf. gutas, bungtas hapdus n. Stinging, smarting pain (as in applying an astringent-type medicine to a wound). Diꞌ ku kasandalan in hapdus sin paliꞌ ku. I can’t bear the stinging pain of my wound.    adj. mahapdus Painful, stinging. Mahapdus tuud in paliꞌ ku. My cut really is stinging.    v. act/pat -um-, mag-; exp ka-…-an. To feel piercing, stinging pain. Kahapdusan kaw bang ta ubatan in paliꞌ mu. You’ll feel a stinging pain if we treat your wound. Cf. bisa, sakit 1 hapit1 v. AQ ag/goal -um-, mag-; pat -un. To stop by, stop in, stop by to get (something). Hapit naa kamu ha bāy bang kamu muwiꞌ. Pass by our house when you go home. In kappal dayn ha Sūg pa Manila humapit ha Sambuwangan. The ship from Jolo to Manila stops by at Zamboanga. Hapitun ku in ambung duun ha hansipak bāy. I’ll stop by to get the basket at the other house. hapit2 (var. of apit) adv Almost, nearly, about to. hapit-hapit n. An indigenous confection made from cassava. (See Appendix 7: Kinds of Confections Served at Special Occasions)

*haplas n. A sponge bath.    v. AR ag mag-, mang-, -um-; ran -an. To take or give (someone) a sponge bath. Manghaplas sadja aku sabab kulang in tubig. I’ll just take a sponge bath because water is scarce. Haplasan ku in bataꞌ-bataꞌ. I’ll give the child a sponge bath. Cf. payguꞌ, liguꞌ hapun n. Fishing line, string (for kite, made of cotton or abaca fiber). Pila in habaꞌ sin hapun sin taguriꞌ mu? How long is the string of your kite? Cf. naylun *hapun adv. mahapun Afternoon (see mahapun).    v. act -um-. (For time) to reach the afternoon. Subay na humapun ampa kita muwiꞌ. We’ll go home when it reaches afternoon. Kawaun ta kaw mari bang humapun-hapun na. I’ll come and get you (when it’s) later in the afternoon.    v. ran -an. (For someone) to be (in a place) until late in the afternoon. Hiyapunan kami didtu ha bāy nila. We stayed at their house until late in the afternoon. hapus n. Weariness, tiredness (as from work or a long walk). Hapus da in makaraug ha tau yan bang magsuntuk. It’s only weariness that can defeat that person in a fight.    adj. mahapus Weary, tired. Mahapus na siya ha panawan. He is tired from walking.    v. ST pat -un. To become weary, tired. Hapusun aku bang manaw pa malayuꞌ. I will become tired if I walk far.    v. ran -an. (With napas) to become short of breath or winded (from exertion). Paghapusan aku napas bang aku maghagdan mataas. I get winded whenever I climb a long stairway. SYN. laul hapus-napas n. Shortness of breath, early stages of asthma. In tagnaꞌ sin tau tubuan, hapus-napas. Bang lumaas na duun ha baran niya, in ngān niya sungut. When it first comes on the person, it’s just shortness of breath, but if it stays a long time with him it’s called asthma. OV SYN. sungut (See Appendix 8: Diseases)    v. pat ma-, -un. To be or become winded or out of breath (from exertion). Mahapus-napas in tau bang lumurup. A person who dives becomes out of breath. haram 1 adj. Forbidden, prohibited, unlawful in a religious sense, ritually unclean. In Muslim diꞌ magkaun babuy sabab haram. Muslims don’t eat pork because it is religiously unlawful.

v. pat -un. To reject (something by considering it forbidden). Haramun ku na in sīn yan. Diꞌ na aku tumaymaꞌ. I reject that money (as something unlawful). I can’t accept it. ANT.: halal. 2 intj. An exclamation to support the veracity or truth of one’s word. Haram! Way aku nakakawaꞌ sin sīn mu. Hell! I didn’t take your money. harap 1 n. Front, frontage, foreground; the direction towards which the face is turned or which something is facing toward. Himundung in tarak ha harap sin bāy nila. The truck stopped in front of their house. v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To face, go in a direction, entertain (someone), attend to (something). Harap kaw mari kākuꞌ. You face me. Harap siya pakain? In which direction did she go? Harapa in manga bisita mu. Entertain your visitors. Diꞌ ku maharap in iskul ku sin taud sin hinang ha upis. I can hardly attend to my school work due to the pressure of my office work. Cf.: alup 1. balharap (derv.) v. To come face to face with someone (esp. in settling some trouble, dispute or intricate matters). 2 n. harapan {Euph.} The genitals (of either male or female). Kamayaꞌ kaw kugdanan in harapan mu sin sipaꞌ niya. Be careful; your genitals might be hit by his kick. SYN. alupan alup 2 harat n. Acridness, bitterness (as of pomelo or grapefruit, cigarettes, compressed tobacco leaf). Diꞌ aku kumaun bang bihayan in harat sin suwaꞌ gadja yan. I won’t eat it if the bitterness of the pomelo is like that.    adj. maharat Acrid, bitter, sour. Maharat in siga Champion. Champion cigarettes taste bitter. Cf. pait, aslum hariꞌ (Tag.) n. A king.    v. ag mag-. To reign as king. Anak in maghariꞌ bang matay na in amaꞌ. The son will reign as king when the father dies. SYN. sultan hariin (var. hāin) adv. In or at what place? where? which? Hariin mu biyutang in būk? Where did you put the book? Hariin tungud in bāy nila? Where is their house located? Hariin in badjuꞌ kabayaan mu? Where is the dress you want? SYN. haunu; Cf. pakain hariraya (var. of haylaya) n A religious festival (usu. refers to Haylaya Puasa or Haylaya Hadjiꞌ). *haruk n. kaharuk {Rare} The state of slack (of a current of water), calmness. Bukun bihaini in kaharuk

sin dagat sin katulak namuꞌ. The calmness of the ocean wasn’t like this when we set out.    adj. maharuk Barely moving, slack, calm. Bang maharuk in dagat marayaw in pagtulak-tulak. It’s enjoyable to travel if the seas are slack. Cf. linaw harung (var. of alung) v (For fish) to come (to a light). *harung v. ag -um-, mag-; ran -an. To watch or observe (someone doing something), listen (to people) talking (usu. of children who watch while their parents are having conversation with visitors or when there’s somebody eating). Ayaw na humarung bang in maas nagbibissara iban tau. Don’t stand around and listen when your elders are talking with others. Cf. kuruꞌ 1, tungguꞌ harus adj. Proper, befitting, allowable. Bukun harus in magpangtungud minsan magtiyaun. It’s not proper for first cousins to get married. Cf. patut, wajib hās n. A snake. In hās, kabubugaan sin tau. Snakes are feared by people. hās tangkig n. A water snake. Kamayaꞌ kamu surukun sin hās tangkig bang kamu mayguꞌ dagat. Be careful not to be entered into by a water snake when you swim in the sea. *hasaꞌ v. CH 1 ag mag-; pat -un. To whet, sharpen (something, esp. a bladed weapon such as a bolo, knife, or kris). Hasaa in sulab laring. Sharpen the blade of the knife.    n. hasaan A sharpening stone. Cf. gīl hātan n. Written character, handwriting, penmanship. Marayaw in hātan niya. He has good penmanship. Cf. sulat hāti n. Meaning, understanding. Subay mu ingatun in hāti sin bissara niya. You should know the meaning of his words.    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un, ka-…-an. To understand, learn or know the meaning (of something). Diꞌ ku kahātihan bang maytaꞌ siya naghinang bihadtu. I don’t understand why he did that.    v. RC ag mag-. To have an understanding or a mutual agreement, (esp. one that settles differences or is informal and not made public). Naghāti na kami sin pasal yan. We have our understanding regarding that matter.    v. pat -un. To verify, find out (information), analyze (something). Hātihun ta bang kuꞌnu maubus in

hinang ha diksiyunari. Let’s find out when the work will be over on the dictionary. Cf. maana, ingat pahāti (derv.) n. Information, notice, announcement, message, explanation. hatiꞌ rel. And then. Baytai kami sin datung mu. Hatiꞌ, bat kami makapagsakap. Inform us of your arrival. And then we can get ready. hatib n. A Muslim leader in the mosque above the rank of bilal but below the rank of imam. Hatib in amaꞌ sin bagay ku. The father of my friend is a Muslim leader in the mosque. hatiku adv. Presumably, probably, most likely; maybe, perhaps. Hatiku ikaw in nagkawaꞌ sin sīn ku hangkan da kaw diyugalan. It is most likely that you took my money, that’s why you are angry. Hatiku walaꞌ niya kiyaingatan. Perhaps he didn’t know. Cf. marayꞌ *dayꞌ, kalu-kalu, gana-gana 2 hatud v. CV ag mag-; pat hi-, -un. To bring or carry (something from one place to another), escort or conduct (someone somewhere), deliver (something to someone). Haturan madtu kaniya in tukul. Take the hammer to him. Hihatud ku in pagkaun ini madtu pa hansipak bāy. I’ll carry this food to the other house. Hihatud ta kaw pa jambatan. I’ll escort you to the pier. Hipahatud ku kaymu in baul ini pa Manila. I’ll send this trunk with you to Manila. Cf. dā 1.1, iban 2 hatul v. ag mag-; pat -un. To arrange (something) in order (as furniture, bedding, or wall decorations); make proper arrangements (with someone, as a deal); settle or negotiate (something, as a dispute, misunderstanding, or allotment of share). Subay hatulun in pagbahagiꞌ sin untung. We have to settle the apportionment of the profit.    n. kahatulan Arrangement, settlement, peace and order. Way na kahatulan sin Lupaꞌ Sūg. There’s no longer peace and order in Jolo.    adj. mahatul Orderly, well-behaved, tamed, peaceful. Mahatul na in kuraꞌ yan. That horse is tamed now. haunu (var. hawnu) adv. Where? at what place? Haunu kaw naghuhulaꞌ? Where do you live? Diꞌ kaingatan sin tau bang haunu. People don’t know where. SYN. hariin haw v. ag maka-. [Does not occur with pa₂.] To be able to do something with very little proficiency or competence. Makahaw siya magsulat Sūg. He can write inadequately in Arabic (jawi) script.

Makahaw siya magbassa Inglis. He can read a little in English. Makahaw isab aku sin hinang yan. I can do that work with a little skill.    adj. hawhaw Quite distant (so as to be hard to distinguish, hence) hard to see, (of sound) quite faint; having very little knowledge of something; (of one’s memory, sight, or hearing) poor. Hawhaw na in kappal dayn ha jambatan, agun na diꞌ kakitaan. The ship is already quite distant from the wharf, it almost can’t be seen. Hawhaw mari in tingug sin pagtimbak. From here, the sound of the shooting was quite faint. Hawhaw na in pangitaꞌ ku. My sight is poor now. Hawa 1 n. Eve, the wife of Adam (usu. prefaced by Apuꞌ or Sitti). 2 n. A female proper name. hawa-napsu (var. hawal-napsu) n. Lust, desire (usu. for material possessions). Makusug in hawa-napsu niya magꞌaltaꞌ. He has a strong desire for possessions. Cf. mulakab, napsu hawaꞌ v. ag -um-, mag-; ran -an. To move or get out from, to clear a passage (as a path or road). Hawaꞌ kaw dayn ha dān. Yan na in tarak. Keep out of the road. The truck is coming. Cf. īg, simay *hawak v. ag mang-. To stand with arms akimbo, hold one’s hands on one’s waist arms akimbo. Manghawak hadja iban magmandu in tau yaun. That fellow just stands with his arms akimbo and commands people.    n. hawakan Waist, waistline. Sukura in lagguꞌ sin hawakan ku. Take the measurement of my waistline. hawal-hawal adj. Doubtful, vacillating, wavering. Hawal-hawal aku sin bissara niya. I am in doubt about what he said.    v. ag mag-, -um-. To doubt (something). Diꞌ aku maghawal-hawal sin bissara mu. I will not doubt your word. Cf. hagaw-hagaw, duwa-ruwa duwa 2 hawan v. AR ag mag-; ran -an. To clean (a courtyard, garden, lawn, house, etc.). Hawani in halaman bat malummiꞌ tuud. Clean the yard for it’s very dirty.    adj. mahawan Clean, free of clutter or people. Mahawan in lawm bāy. The house is uncluttered. Cf. *lanuꞌ, lissin

hawas (gimb. haꞌwas) v. AQ ag/goal mag-, -um-; pat -un. To unload (something, as cargo from a boat, truck, launch, etc.). Hawasun na in luwan sin kappal mahapun ini. The cargoes of the boat will be unloaded this afternoon. Hawasan ta kaw lima karut bugas. I’ll unload and bring to you five sacks of rice. hawatil adj. Suspicious (of someone talking or plotting against one). Hawatil in tau yan. That man is suspicious.    v. ag mang-; pat -un. To become sulky over an imaginary grievance, brood, be suspicious (of someone) as plotting against (one); misinterpret (one’s) act or behavior. Nanghawatil siya, nanglimut kitaniyu kunuꞌ kaniya. He is suspicious that we are backbiting him. *haway (gimb. haꞌway) v. act/pat mang-, -um-. (For someone) to turn pale (in complexion). Nanghaway siya pagkitaꞌ ha banta. He turned pale when he saw his enemy. Cf. putiꞌ hawid v. ag mag-; ran -an. To hold, hinder, restrain (someone from going away or doing something); hold (something being pulled away). Hawiri siya. Ayaw mu siya paguwaa. Hold him. Don’t let him go out. Cf. *utung, lāng hawl (gimb. halul) adj. Wounded. Mataud hawl sundalu. There are many wounded soldiers.    v. ST pat ma-. [Does not occur with pa₂.] To be or become wounded. Upat in patay. Inday bang pila in nahawl. Four died. I don’t know how many were wounded. Bang awn mahawl subay dāhun pa uspital. If some become wounded they should be taken to the hospital. *hawn v. ag mag-; pat -un. To remove (something) from (something else, as clothes from the clothesline, a baby from a cradle, a cooking pot from the stove, food from a frying pan or cooking pot). Hawna in bataꞌ-bataꞌ dayn ha buwahan bang magtangis. Take the child out of the hammock if she cries. Cf. īg hawp v. ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To share or cooperate (in the purchase or payment of something), help (someone) pay for (something). Maghawp na kita sin bayad sin pagpadjak sin jīp. We will share the payment for hiring the jeep. Humawp aku hangpuꞌka-gantang ha hangka-karut bugas nabī mu. I’ll pay for ten gantas as my share of the sack of rice which you bought. Hawpan ku na kaymu in hangpuꞌ gantang bugas. I’ll help you with ten gantas of rice as my share.

hawpuꞌ adj. Short. Diꞌ manjari in badjuꞌ ini. Hawpuꞌ tuud. This dress can’t be! It’s too short.    vt. pat -un; ran -an. To shorten (something). Hawpuan ta in hapun. We will shorten the kite string. Hawpuan ku in buktun badjuꞌ. I will shorten the sleeve of the shirt.    vi. ST pat -um-, mag-. To contract or become short. Bang mu yan uturan humawpuꞌ. If you cut that it will become short. ANT. mahabaꞌ habaꞌ 1; Cf. pandak haws1 adj. Superficially or slightly burned (due to poorly heated cooking oil, as in frying fish, vegetables, doughnuts, etc.). Haws in istaꞌ. The fish is slightly burned.    v. pat ma-. To be or become slightly burned due to intense heat. Kūi in laga bat diꞌ mahaws in juwalan. Reduce the heat so the fried bananas won’t get burned. Cf. sunug, hanglus, tutung haws2 n. Current, specifically the strong current in Sibutu Passage during the northeast monsoon. hawt adj. mahawt Thin, slender, slim, slight (of the waist). Mahawt tuud in hawakan niya. Her waist is very slight. In babai mahawt malingkat aturun. A girl who’s slender is good to look at. Cf. kayug hawyung n. hawyungan A funnel (the instrument used in pouring liquids). Bang maghayn lana gās pa kassaꞌ subay awn hawyungan. There should be a funnel when pouring kerosene into a bottle.    v. AR ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To pour (something) using a funnel. Hawyungi aku lana gās. Pour me some kerosene using the funnel. hayaꞌ v. ag mag-. To lie on one’s back with stretched-out limbs. Naghahayaꞌ na siya natūg. He is lying on his back with stretched-out limbs while sleeping. hayanat adj. Unreliable, irresponsible (esp. of people who fail to deliver something or convey a message). Ayaw kaw magparā bichara ha tau hayanat. Don’t send a message by an unreliable person.    v. pat ma-. To be irresponsible, shirk, disregard, fail to do (something) or fail to convey (something, esp. a message). Pasampaya in amanat bat kaw diꞌ mahayanat. Please convey the message so you won’t be (regarded as) irresponsible. Cf. baldapat hayang 1 n. Spaciousness. In hayang paghulaan sin bāy dakulaꞌ! The spaciousness of a big house for living in (i.e., how spacious it is to live in…)! v. ST pat -um-, mag-. To become roomy or spacious. Cf.: luag.

v. pat pa-…-un. To dry something by air (as wet clothes). Pahayanga ha lawm in diyakdakan ganagana umulan. Dry the wet clothes inside, it might rain. OV SYN.: buwad. adj. mahayang Spacious, roomy (as a room); fresh, cool (as a veranda, porch, seaside). In bilik siyukayan namuꞌ mahayang. The room we rented is spacious. 2 n. Freedom from trouble, difficulty, or worry. v. ST pat -um-. To be or become free from trouble or anxiety. Humayang in pagnapas mu bang dumatung na in gadji mu. You’ll be free from anxiety when your salary arrives. adj. mahayang Free from trouble, difficulty, or worry. Mahayang in pagꞌusaha ta bihaun. Our business is free from difficulty now. v. rdp. ag magpa-. To relax, take a break, refresh. Magpahayang-hayang siya bat marayꞌ na in tīs. He is relaxing a little because he’ll soon have his test. *haybat vi. ST pat ma-. To be enticed, seduced, allured (by something). Ayaw kaw mahaybat sin lingkat sin babai yan. Don’t be allured by the beauty of that woman.    n. kahaybatan Enticement, seducement. Mataud in kahaybatan ta dī ha dunya. There are many enticements here in the world. OV SYN. haylan *haykal-haykal v. ag mag-. {Archaic} To take a stroll, walk, or trip for pleasure. Maghaykal-haykal kitaniyu pa Manila. Let’s take a pleasure trip to Manila. SYN. *pasiyal haylan v. ST pat ma-. [Does not occur with pa₂.] To be fascinated, attracted, tempted, enticed, allured (by something); be amazed, bewildered (by something). Nahaylan aku sin lingkat sin babai yadtu. I was fascinated by the beauty of that girl. Nahaylan aku sin ingat niya magsuling. I was amazed by his skill in playing the flute. Makahaylan in ilmuꞌ sin tau yaun. The esoteric knowledge of that man causes amazement (i.e., is amazing). Cf. ibug, inu-inu 1, tarsangngang, *haybat haylaya (var. hariraya) n. A religious festival (usu. one of the two named below).    v. ag mag-, -um-, mang-. To celebrate such a festival. Mataud in tau Muslim maghaylaya kunsūm. There are many Muslims who will be celebrating the religious festival tomorrow. Haylaya Hadjiꞌ (comp.) v. The celebration on the the 10th day of the month Julhadjiꞌ (on this day some of the pilgrims are making a sacrifice [kulban] in Saudi Arabia). Haylaya Puasa (comp.) v. The celebration at the end of the month of Ramadan, occurring thirty days

after the beginning of the fast.{In Jolo gambling is usu. authorized for the week of the celebration. People visit each other’s homes, greeting each other and eating together. They relax in the refreshment parlors in town and attend movies. The atmosphere is one of celebration and merrymaking.} haymbuꞌgatun adj. Dignified (of a woman whose personality is worthy of esteem, respect or honor). Haymbuꞌgatun in asawa sin datuꞌ. The datuꞌs wife is dignified. Cf. humput, himpit *hayn v. ag mag-; pat hi-, -un; ran -an. [No difference in meaning between -un and -an.] To transfer (food, tools, small objects, etc.) or pour (liquids) from one container to another. Hayni kunuꞌ in piyanggang manuk ini. Will you place the barbecued chicken on another plate?    n. paghaynan A container into which (something) is transferred or poured. Unu in paghaynan ku sin tiyulaꞌ? What will I pour the soup into? Cf. *salin 2, *hawn haynduun adv. Just now, recently, a while ago, a moment ago. Haynduun da siya nanaug. He left a moment ago. hayt (gimb. hait) n. The sharpness (of things, such as the blade of a weapon, pencil, teeth, or fingernails). Biyaꞌ diin in hayt sin pinsil mu? How is the sharpness of your pencil?    v. AR ag mag-; ran -an. To sharpen (an object). Aku in naghayt sin pinsil. I was the one who sharpened the pencil. Haytan ku naa in laring. I’ll sharpen first the knife.    adj. mahayt Sharp, pointed. Mahayt in laring niya. His knife is sharp. hayup n. Domesticated animals (as water buffalo, cattle, chickens, ducks). Awn ipatan niyu hayup ha bāy? Do you have animals in your care at the house? Cf. sattuwa, binatang 1 hi rel. A marker used to indicate that the word or words with which it occurs constitute or are standing for a personal name. Hi Bapaꞌ Kalbi in nakatabang kākuꞌ. Uncle Kalbi was the one who helped me. hi- (var. i-) prefix pfx. Indicates that something (semantically a patient) that is being conveyed or conceived as being conveyed is in grammatical focus. Hibutang natuꞌ na in manga būk ha lamisahan. Let’s put the books on the table. -hi (see -i) suffix sfx. Imperative marker.

hibal n. Movement, motion, movableness, mobility (see also kuhibal). Biyaꞌdiin in hibal sin tau nahihilu sin alak? How is the movement of a man drunk with wine?    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To move (something slightly). Bang mu hibalun in manga katas yan lubakun ta kaw. If you move those papers, I’ll hit you.    adj. mahibal Movable, mobile, uncomfortable (as always moving while sleeping), restless. Mahibal siya. He is always moving. SYN. malinsa *linsa; Cf. lingas hibuk n. Noise. In hibuk sin manga bataꞌ-bataꞌ diꞌ katūgan. You can hardly sleep because of the noise of the children.    adj. mahibuk Noisy. Ayaw mahibuk magbissara bat sila diꞌ masasat. Don’t be noisy when talking so that they will not be disturbed.    v. ag mag-, -um-; goal pag-…-an. To make a noise, be noisy; shout (at someone). Ayaw kaw maghibuk. Don’t be noisy. Cf. bukag, tanug 1 hidāyat n. A making known, announcement, proclamation. Yari in hidāyat sin sultan hipasaplag ha katān. This is the proclamation sent by the king for all of us to know. Cf. pahāti, paraak, pabaytaꞌ baytaꞌ hidhid v. ag mag-; pat -un, hi-. To rub (something on another surface, as medicine or oil on one’s skin or dirt on a dress). Ayaw mu hidhiran in lummiꞌ pa badjuꞌ ku. Don’t rub the dirt on my clothes. Cf. *pahid, *gidgid hidjaꞌ v. ag mag-; pat -un. To spell out (the Arabic letters of a word, esp. used in Koranic studies). Hidjaa in batang sulat ini. Spell out the letters in this word. hidjul vt. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To disturb, bother (someone, as a baby sleeping, someone studying, working, or contemplating); touch (something and thus cause it to be disarranged, mislaid, misplaced); displace (something). Ayaw niyu paghidjula in hinang ku. Don’t touch my work. Diꞌ mahidjul in bataꞌ ini tumangis magtuy. This child can’t be disturbed but that he cries right away.    adj. mahidjul Disturbing, bothersome. Mahidjul tuud in kangug ini. This crazy fellow is very bothersome. Cf. hilu 3, lingug, sasaw, sasat higad 1 n. The edge, rim, brink (as of high places); shore of the ocean.

adj. From the coast, coastal. Hangkan sila tiyawag tau higad pasal naghuhulaꞌ sila masuuk pa higad dagat. That’s why they’re called coastal people because they live near the seashore. ANT.: gimba. v. ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To be on the edge (of something, as sitting on the outside seats of a bus), travel on the edge of the road or on the seacoast, or (of sea travel) near the shore. Bang in kappal lumabay dayn ha pūꞌ, subay diꞌ magpahigad. When a ship passes by an island, it should not travel near the shore. Ayaw pahigara in bataꞌ yan, gana-gana mahulug. Don’t let that child sit on the edge, she might fall. Cf.: duhul. 2 n. The place immediately beside (something, as the shoulder of a road). Butangan na duun ha higad lawang. Put it there at the side of the door. Yaun in tarak ha higad dān. There’s the truck along the side of the road. OV SYN. daig 1 higad simud n. The lip (the body part). In manga Nigritu marakmul in higad simud nila. The lips of the Negritos are thick. (See Appendix 6: The Parts of the Body) *higtung v. AQ ag/goal mag-; pat -un. To jerk (something). Higtunga in hapun sin taguriꞌ mu. Jerk the string of your kite. OV SYN. *sintak; Cf. *utung, hillaꞌ higung-hagas n. Rumors, whisperings. Unu in higung-hagas pasal sin manga tau nasaggaw? What is the rumor about the men who were captured? SYN. higung-higung higung-higung n. Current rumors circulating around, whisperings. Unu in higung-higung diyungug mu ha lupaꞌ? What’s the rumor you heard there outside?    v. ag mag-; pat hi-; goal -an. To whisper (something to someone). Higung-higungi sadja aku sin pabaytaꞌ. Just whisper to me the message. SYN. higung-hagas higup v. AQ ag/goal mag-, -um-; pat -un. To sip (something, as soup or gruel). Higup naa kaw sin sabaw mapasuꞌ. Take a sip of hot soup. Higupun ku na in sabaw. I’ll sip the broth. hijab n. Veil, the holy veils (in the seven heavens). Mataud hijab in liyabayan hi Nabi Muhammad sin pagkadtu niya pa pitung lapis langit. Prophet Muhammad passed through many holy veils when he ascended to the seven layers of heaven. Cf. turung hijājaꞌ (var. ijājaꞌ) n. {Rare} An explanation. Dungug kaw sin hijājaꞌ niya. Listen to his explanation.

   v. ag mag-, mang-; pat -un, hi-; goal -an. To explain, give the meaning or interpretation (of something), expound (something). Ayaw mu na aku hijājai kaingatan ku da. Don’t explain to me any more, I know it already. Hijājaan ta kaw sin pagkālu nila. I’ll explain to you about their quarreling. OV SYN. isturi, suysuy hīk-hīk n. Small pieces of cloth left over (as after cutting cloth for a dress). Cf. pīs-pīs hika-1 prefix pfx. Used to form ordinal numerals. Siya in hikalima anak hi Babuꞌ Andrada. She is the fifth child of Aunt Andrada. hika-2 prefix pfx. Indicates that the focused item or another clause is the reason for the action or the state signified by the verb stem. In hikaraug niya magbutu pasal mataud in malasa kaniya. The reason why he’ll win in the voting is that many people like him. hikhik n. A giggle, titter. In hikhik sin manga bataꞌ yan makaastul. The giggling of those children makes one annoyed.    v. ag mag-, -um-. To giggle, titter. Ayaw kamu maghikhik. Magꞌamā hi inaꞌ. Don’t titter and giggle. Mother will be angry.    adj. mahikhik Prone to giggle, titter. Mahikhik tuud isab in babai ini. This girl is very prone to giggle. Cf. katawa, paghakhak hakhak, daghay, uyum, kisiꞌ 1 *hiklad v. CH 1 ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To draw or stretch out (something) to the full width, spread out (something, as a sleeping mat, bedclothes, tablecloth, or folded map). Subay na kitaniyu masuuk matūg ampa hiklarun in baluy. It should be close to the time when we will sleep before we spread out the sleeping mat. hikmat n. Enchantment, magic hypnotism, charm. Kiyugdan siya hikmat sin tau yaun. He was hit by the charm of that man.    v. ag mag-; ran -an. To enchant, charm, bewitch, hypnotize (someone). Ha isturi hi Rip Van Winkle kiyahikmatan siya sin manga tau sibiꞌ-sibiꞌ ha kakahuyan. In the story of Rip Van Winkle he was enchanted by the dwarfs in the woods. Cf. abat 1 hilagaꞌ n. The name of a wind that blows from the north-northwest. (See hangin for table.)

hilalaungan (from laung₁) n. An utterance, remark, statement, talk or address (given to an audience), speech. Nataabbit siya dumihil hilalaungan ha pagtammat sin manga bataꞌ iskul. He was invited to give a speech at a graduation ceremony.    v. ag mag-. To make a remark or statement, give a speech. Ayaw kaw maghilalaungan sin makakangiꞌ sin atay sin kaibanan. Don’t make a remark that may hurt other people’s feelings. Cf. bichara 1, kabtangan, lapal, pamung hilam n. A mosquito. Mataud kutkut hilam ha buktun niya. He has many mosquito bites on his arm.    adj. mahilam Swarming with mosquitoes. Subay kaw magkulambuꞌ sabab mahilam tuud dī. You should use a mosquito net because there are many mosquitoes here. Cf. hamaꞌ *hilang v. ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To subtract, deduct, reduce (in number or quantity). Bang hilangan lima in hangpuꞌ pila in makapin? If you subtract five from ten how many are left? Kiyahilangan na kayꞌman pilak in sīn dīhil mu kākuꞌ. The money you gave me has been reduced by fifty pesos. Cf. kulang2 1, kūꞌ, kabus 1 hilap n. A slice (of something). Dihili kita hangka-hilap mampallam. Give me a slice of mango. Pilangkahilap in nakaun mu? How many slices did you eat?    v. CH 1 ag mag-, -um-, mang-; pat -un. To slice (something) thinly (as fruit or meat). Hilapa na in mampallam. Slice the mangoes. Cf. dīp, huyaꞌ (See utud for table.) hilaw adj. Raw, unripe (as fruit); uncooked. Hilaw pa in manga mampallam. The mangoes are still unripe.    v. ST pat ma-. To remain raw, uncooked, not thoroughly cooked. Pataura in tubig bat diꞌ mahilaw in panggiꞌ. Add water so that the cassava will not remain uncooked. ANT. hinug 1; Cf. bulak hillaꞌ v. AQ ag/goal mag-, -um-; pat -un. To pull (something) abruptly, jerk, hitch up (clothing). Hillaa in salban ha duhul sin badjuꞌ mu. Pull the thread on the edge of your dress abruptly. Cf. *utung, *bisud, guyud 1, *dagtuꞌ hilu 1 n. Dizziness, seasickness, state of being drunk. Inum kaw sin ubat ini bat maīg in hilu mu. Take this medicine to get rid of your dizziness. adj. Dizzy, seasick, drunk. Hilu in tau yaun sabab nakainum mataud tubaꞌ. That fellow is drunk

because he drank plenty of toddy. vi. ST pat ma-, mag-. To become dizzy, seasick, or drunk. Mahilu aku bang aku sumakat kappal. I become seasick when I get on a boat. vt. pat -un. To make (someone) drunk. Hiluhun ta in jaga bat kita makasūd. We’ll make the guard drunk so we can get in. n. maghihilu A habitual drinker. Maghihilu in bana sin babai ini. The husband of this woman is a habitual drinker. 2 n. Confusion (of mind). adj. (Of the mind) confused, disturbed. Hilu in lawm pikilan ku bihaun. Ayaw mu aku sasata. My mind is confused now. Don’t disturb me. vi. pat ma-. To be or become confused or disturbed (in mind). Nahilu aku namikil bang pakain aku lumawag sīn. I am confused when I try to think where I will get money. vt. CH 1 pat -un. To confuse or disturb (someone’s mind). Ayaw mu aku hiluha bang awn hinang ku. Don’t disturb me when I have work to do. OV SYN.: sasaw. 3 n. Trouble, disturbance. vt. ag mang-; pat -un. To cause trouble. Awn manga tau mabayaꞌ manghilu ha pagtipun-tipun ini. There are people who want to cause trouble in this meeting. vi. pat mag-. For trouble to arise. Bang in gubnul iban mayul diꞌ masulut tantu maghilu. If the governor and the mayor aren’t brought to agree trouble will certainly arise. OV SYN.: hiluhalaꞌ. *hilug v. CH 1 ag mag-, -um-, mang-; pat -un. To rub off (something, esp. dirt and grime from one’s body, usu. with a smooth stone). Hiluga in lubag ha baran mu bang kaw mamayguꞌ. Rub the grime off from your body when you bathe.    n. hihilug Something used for scrubbing off the grime (on one’s body). Būsi ba aku sin batu mu hihilug. Let me borrow your stone for scrubbing off grime. hiluhalaꞌ n. Uproar, disturbance, disorder, confusion, panic. Landuꞌ in hiluhalaꞌ ha lawm Tiyanggi bihayaun. There is much confusion in the town now.    vt. CH 1 ag mag-, mang-, -um-; pat -un. To disturb or cause (someone) to panic; create trouble. Ayaw kamu manghiluhalaꞌ mari. Don’t come and create trouble here. Ayaw niyu hiluhalaa in tau natutūg. Don’t disturb someone sleeping.

   vi. pat ma-. (For a place or people) to be troubled, be in confusion. Mahiluhalaꞌ in manga tau bang way tubig. The people will be troubled if there’s no water. OV SYN. hilu 3; Cf. lingug hilunu 1 adj. Soft, boneless, weak. In kagang nabī ku hilunu. The crab I bought was soft. v. act/pat mang-, mag-. [Does not occur with pa₂.] To become soft, boneless, weak. Nanghilunu in biꞌtis sin tau yaun sabab nasakit malugay. The legs of that man became soft because he was sick for a long time. Cf.: lunuk 1.1. 2 adj. (Of crabs, snakes, etc.) molting. v. act/pat mang-, mag-. (For crabs, snakes, etc.) to shed skin, molt. Kītaꞌ ku in hās naghilunu pasal sin yaun in pais niya ha daig niya. I can see that the snake has molted because there’s its skin beside it. *hilut v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To massage gently (a part of the body that is sprained).{A massage is given by a local midwife to a wife who does not become pregnant in her first year of marriage, or to a pregnant woman in order to straighten the fetus.} Hiluta in siki niya bat diꞌ humubag. Massage his foot gently so it won’t become swollen. Hīhilut in tiyan sin babai burus. The abdomen of the pregnant woman was massaged. Cf. *pisul himmat n. {Rare} Care, concern, solicitude (also panghimmat). Way panghimmat ku sin parakalaꞌ nila. I’ve no concern about their case.    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To care about (someone). Paghimmata da in anak mu. Care about your children. Cf. paruli, *upiksaꞌ, *ayura himmil n. Moistness, dampness.    adj. mahimmil Damp, moist, (of fabric as cloth, lace, or thread). Mahimmil pa in badjuꞌ mu. Your dress is still damp. Cf. hamis himpit n. Modesty, demureness, shyness, (of women’s behavior, dressing or speaking habits). In himpit sin babai yaun marayaw. The modesty of that woman is good.    adj. mahimpit Modest, demure, reserved. In babai nakauna mahimpit dayn ha bihaun. The women of earlier times were more modest than the women of today.    v. ag mag-, -um-. [Usu. with pa₂.] To act modestly or demurely, behave properly. Subay hinduan in

manga bataꞌ yan magpahimpit. Those girls should be taught to behave properly. SYN. humput; Cf. haymbuꞌgatun himumungan (from pamung) n. Statement, declaration, words spoken, speech. Marayaw isab in himumungan niya haynduun. What she said just a moment ago was nice. Parayawa in himumungan mu bang kaw magbissara. Make your speech good when you talk.    v. ag mag-. To speak (connotes formally). Subay kaw maghimumungan ha manga raayat. You should speak to the citizenry. Cf. lapal hinaꞌ n. Shame, disgrace, dishonor. In hinaꞌ makarihil lummiꞌ ha kamaas-maasan. Shame can give disgrace to one’s elders.    adj. makahinaꞌ Shameful, disgraceful. Makahinaꞌ in palangay sin bataꞌ ini. The character of this child is disgraceful. Makahinaꞌ ha kampung in hinang mu. What you did is disgraceful to the family.    v. ag mang-, magpang-; pat -un. To put (someone) to shame, disgrace, or dishonor, humiliate (someone). Ayaw hinaa in tau ha mayran. Don’t put a person to shame in public. Cf. bias, sipug hinaꞌbu1 adv. While, during, in the course of, in the time of. Hinaꞌbu aku nagkakaun dimatung in bagay ku. While I was eating my friend arrived. SYN. saꞌbu1 hinaꞌbu2 adj. Enough, sufficient. Hinaꞌbu na in sīn dīhil mu. You have given me enough money. Cf. sarang *hinakin v. ag mang-. To shake or jiggle the leg (voluntarily when sitting upright [esp. of men]). Ayaw kaw manghinakin bat diꞌ majugjug in lingkuran. Stop jiggling your leg so the chair won’t shake. hinang 1.1 n. Work, task, chore, stint, manual labor, job. In hinang niya ha bāy maghugas sadja kakaunan. Her household chore is only washing the dishes. Awn hinang niya ha parinta. He has a job in the government. v. ag mag-, -um-, mang-; pat -un. To do, build, make, work on (something). Hinanga ba ini kākuꞌ. Will you make this for me? Haunu kaw maghinang? Where are you working? Ha Parang sila maghinang bāy. They’ll build their house in Parang. adj. hinang-hinang Counterfeit, not genuine. In sīn ini hinang-hinang. This money is counterfeit. Cf.: paltik.

1.2 v. ran -an. (With ngiꞌ) to find fault against (someone). Hinangan niya ngiꞌ in taymanghud niya. He’s finding fault against his brother. 1.3 n. A feast, party, or celebration (if followed by a number or the word kamattiyan, refers to a death remembrance celebration). Kuꞌnu in hinang pitu? When is the seventh day death celebration? DEATH REMEMBRANCE CELEBRATIONS hinang tū

3rd-day

hinang pitu

7th-day

hinang kawhaan

20th-day

hinang kaꞌpatan

40th-day

hinang hanggatus

100th-day

kamattiyan 1

1000th-day

kamattiyan 2

first and subsequent anniversaries

2 v. rdp. ag mag-, -um-, mang-; pat -un. [Does not occur with pa₂.] To practice sorcery, black magic; cast a spell on or charm (someone). Hīnang-hinang mu siya hangkan siya miyayaꞌ kaymu. You cast a spell on her that’s why she fell for you. Hinang-hinangun ta in banta mu bat kangugun. We will charm your enemy so he will become crazy. n. panghinang-hinang Sorcery, black magic. Bang kaw kiyugdan panghinang-hinang diꞌ kaulian in sakit mu sin duktul. If your illness is caused by black magic it can’t be cured by medical doctors. n. manghihinang-hinang A sorcerer. Manghihinang-hinang in apuꞌ sin bataꞌ yan. The grandfather of that child is a sorcerer. Cf.: anting-anting 1, pantak. hinapusan (from tapus) adj. At the end, final, last. Siya in hinapusan piyatawag sin mayul. She was the last one called by the mayor.    n. End, conclusion. Adlaw ini in hinapusan sin paghukum sin parakalaꞌ nila. Today is the conclusion

of the trial of their case. Awn hinapusan sin unu-unu katān. Everything has an end.    n. kahinapusan End, conclusion, finale, consummation. Ini in kahinapusan kalangan. This song is the finale. Biyaꞌ way kahinapusan sin hinang mu yan. It seems like there’s no end to your work. Awn kahinapusan sin pagbagay sin hulaꞌ ta iban sin manga Milikan. There’s an end to the friendly relation between our country and the Americans. Cf. *huli, duhul, tapus, tubtub 1 hinay n. Slowness, sluggishness. Bang bihan in hinay mu manaw malugay kita dumatung. If that’s how the slowness of your walk is, it will take us a long time to get there.    adj./adv. hinay-hinay Slow(ly), sluggish(ly). Subay hinay-hinay in panaw mu bat diꞌ makabatiꞌ in natutūg. You should walk slowly so that those sleeping won’t wake up. Cf. lallay, luming hinda rel. [See hi (rel.).] Plural personal marker. Hinda Bapaꞌ Kamlian in nakabī sin lupaꞌ namuꞌ. It was Uncle Kamlian and his family/companions who bought our land. hinduꞌ n. Teaching, advice, counsel, instruction. Dugaing in hinduꞌ sin tau yaun. The teaching of that person is different.    v. ag mag-, -um-, mang-; pat hi-; goal -an. To teach, instruct, educate (someone), give advice or counsel (to someone), point out, tell or reveal (something, esp. something hidden). Hinduan kākuꞌ bang haunu tiyawꞌ in pilak. Tell me exactly where he keeps the money. Cf. panduꞌ    n. manghihinduꞌ One who teaches, educates, gives instruction, counsels, points out, reveals, or tells (something). Ikaw ka in manghihinduꞌ ha kabataan dī? Are you the one who teaches the children here? Cf. mastal hinit adj. Fully stretched, taut (as of stretchable cloth or an elastic band); full (as of one’s stomach [often a term of mockery or criticism]. Also spoken of the human skin esp. when a thin person becomes stout).    vt. CH 1 pat -un. To stretch (something). Mugtuꞌ in gūma bang yan hinitun mu na mayan. The elastic will break if you just keep stretching it.    vi. ST pat ma-. To become stretched. Ayaw tabiri in kamisita yan bat diꞌ mahinit. Don’t wring that shirt when you wash it so it won’t become stretched.    adj. magkahinit Stretchable. In kamisita Banlon magkahinit. A Banlon shirt is stretchable. OV SYN. *hitad

hintiꞌ n. Grated coconut meat cooked with sugar and made into small balls to be used as a confection for affairs and as a filling for confections (bangbang).    v. AR ag mag-; ran -an. To provide (a confection) such a filling. Subay hintian in daral. The tarts should contain a coconut filling. hintub-hintub n. {Rare} News, small gossip. In hintub-hintub sin tau pasal niya bukun bunnal. The small gossip of the people about him is not true.    v. ag mag-. To gossip. Naghintub-hintub na isab sila. They are gossiping again. SYN. hunubhunub; Cf. suysuy, limut hinu-hinu n. Iridescence.    v. act/pat mag-. To have or show shifting changes in color (as seen from different angles). Maghinuhinu in kakanaꞌ yan. That cloth shows shifting changes in color. Cf. *kanaw-kanaw 1.1 hinug 1 adj. (Of fruit) ripe. Malimuꞌ in hinug sayng. Ripe bananas are sweet. v. pat ma-. (For fruit) to become ripe. Kaunun natuꞌ in mampallam bang mahinug na. We’ll eat the mangoes when they become ripe. Pahinugun taniyu naa in sayng ampa kaunun. We’ll wait till the bananas become ripe, then we’ll eat them. ANT.: hilaw. 2 adj. (Of a cold) at the stage at which mucous comes out freely when the nose is blown. Bukun pa hinug in ulapay ku. My cold is still not at the stage where mucous comes out freely. hīng v. ag mag-, -um-. [Often rdp.] To look over one’s shoulder, look around. Hīng kaw pa ulihan bat mu siya kakitaan. Look over your shoulder so you’ll see him. Ayaw na kaw maghīng-hīng bat kita diꞌ hikabīn sin jīp. Stop looking around, we might not catch the jeep. Panghīng-hīng kaw. Kalu ta siya kabaakan. Look around. We might be able to find him. Cf. atud, kitaꞌ 1, lingiꞌ hingas1 n. A disturbed or uneasy condition, restlessness, disquiet. Malawaꞌ in hingas mu bang awn na hinangun mu. Your restlessness will be gone once you have something to do.    v. pat -un. To feel anxious, uneasy, restless or disturbed, be disquieted. Mahingas aku bang way hinang ku. I feel uneasy without work. Makahingas in bāy ini. This house gives a feeling of discomfort. Bang kaw hīngas uwiꞌ na kaw. If you feel uneasy you may go home now.    adj. mahingas Disturbed, uneasy, restless. Mahingas siya bang mataud tau ha bāy. He’s disturbed

when there are many people in the house. SYN. lingas hingas2 n. An attraction (to someone, esp. of the opposite sex).    v. pat -un. To be attracted (to someone). Hīngas siya ha babai yaun. He is attracted to that girl. hingga1 (Lu. equiv. of sahingga) 1) rel As long as. 2) adv Besides. hingga2 n. A mark, notch. Marayaw na in hingga sin manga hāg yan. The notches on those posts are good now. OV SYN. lugut hinglaw n. Fever. Mataas in hinglaw sin bataꞌ yan. The child has a high fever.    v. ST pat -un. To develop a fever. Ayaw kaw magpaulan bat kaw diꞌ hinglawun. Don’t be in the rain, you’ll get a fever. hinguꞌ (gimb. hingnguꞌ) adj. Loose, wobbly, shaky (as a pole, sore teeth, a house, a bridge). Mahinguꞌ na in ipun ku katān. All my teeth are loose.    vi. act mag-. To be loose. In ipun maghinguꞌ maluhay sumakit. A tooth which is loose easily becomes painful.    vt. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To loosen, shake, or wobble (something). Hingua in ipun mu, Utuꞌ, ha supaya maluhay hublutun. Wobble your tooth, Sonny, in order that it will be easy to pull.    v. ST pat -um-, ma-. To become loose. Mahinguꞌ na in ipun hi Utuꞌ. The tooth of Sonny is becoming loose. Cf. *jugjug, gingguꞌ hipuꞌ adj. Full, (of a jar, room, information, etc.); considerable, ample, (of problems, sorrow, wealth, etc.). Hipuꞌ sin tau in sīni. The movie house is full. Hipuꞌ siya sin daya. He has considerable wealth.    vi. ST pat ma-, -um-. (For something) to become full. Nahipuꞌ na in barilis sin tubig. The barrel has become full of water.    vt. ag mag-, mang-; pat -un. To fill (something). Hipuun ta sin tubig in baldi. Let’s fill the pail with water. Cf. dagsuk hipus1 adj. Finished. Hipus na in hinang ku. My work is finished.    v. act mag-. To be or become quiet without sound (implies an end, cessation or discontinuance of noisy activities, as of household chores, traffic, quarrel or fight, or cannonade). Himipus in pagkanyun tungaꞌ

dūm. The cannonade became quiet at midnight. Cf. bahittuk hipus2 v. ag mag-; pat -un. To arrange (something); pack (things for travel). Subay maghipus kita sin manga tamungun ta sabab marayꞌ na in tulak natuꞌ. We must pack our clothes because it’s almost time to leave. OV SYN. mumus 1 hīs 1 v. AR ag mang-, mag-, -um-; ran -an. To push (something) to one side, level grains with the brim of a container (by using a stick to remove or push away the excess, as of measuring rice in a ganta). Hīsa in bugas bang kaw magtupung hipagdagang. Level the rice with the brim (of the ganta) when you measure it to sell it. Cf. tupad 2 v. AQ ag/goal mag-, -um-; pat -un. To collect (money won in gambling or a game of chance). Hīsun ta na in sīn. Dimaug na kita nagpanayam. We’ll collect the money. We won the game. hisab v. ag mag-; pat -un. To investigate, judge (used only in religious context as in the Day of Judgment). Pagꞌubus tiyupun in sangkakala, hisabun na sin Allahu Taala in katān īpun niya. After blowing the trumpet, Allah will investigate all his slaves. Cf. *hukum hisiyu (var. siyu) pron. Who? whom? (with ngān) what? Hisiyu in iban mu? Who is your companion? Hisiyu in ngān sin bataꞌ-bataꞌ? What is the baby’s name? hisiyu-siyu (var. siyu-siyu) pron. Whoever, anybody. Hisiyu-siyu in matibut magtanum mataud in maani niya. Whoever is industrious in planting will be able to harvest a lot. hitaꞌ n. Groin, hollow part or fold of the body where the thigh joins the trunk. Hiyabas in hitaꞌ niya. His groin is chafed. Cf. paa (See Appendix 6: The Parts of the Body) *hitad vt. CH 1 ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To stretch (something). Hitara ba in gūma ini kākuꞌ. Stretch this elastic for me.    vi. ST pat ma-. To become stretched. Mahitad in badjuꞌ mu bang mu tabiran. If you wring your shirt, it will become stretched.    adj. magkahitad Stretchable. Ayaw kaw magbī sin kakanaꞌ magkahitad. Don’t buy material that is stretchable. OV SYN. hinit hiyu n. A Chinese incense stick. Paasuhi hiyu bang siyampal in anak mu. Burn sticks of Chinese incense

if your child has measles. Cf. kamanyan hiyul n. A commotion, bustle. Unu in hiyul ha lawm sīni? What was the commotion in the movie house?    v. ST act/pat mag-; pat ma-. [Very little difference in meaning between mag- and ma-.] To be or become agitated, excited (as of a group of people). Ayaw kamu mahiyul bang kamu makarungug timbak. Don’t get excited if you hear some shooting. Cf. lingug, hiluhalaꞌ, halubilu hiyuwal adj. (Of a snack food) syrup-coated. Maymuꞌ isab in hiyuwal juwalan. The syrup-coated fried banana is sweet. huꞌnap n. Fish scales (a term used by older people instead of sisik). Mataud huꞌnap sin istaꞌ kasig. Sardines have many scales. SYN. sisik *hubad vt. AR ag mag-; pat -un; ran -an. To untie, unlash (something, as rope, string, or thread); unbelt; unfetter, unchain (as a necklace or bracelet). Subay hubaran in hukut ha siki sin manuk. The knot around the feet of the chicken should be untied. Hubari in tau yan. Way dusa niya. Untie that person. He is innocent.    vi. ST pat ma-. To become loose or untied. Nahubad in hukut tawmpaꞌ ku. My shoestring became untied. Cf. *puklas 1, badbad hubag n. (A reddish, painful) swollen inflammation (on the skin). Maulꞌul in hubag sin lima ku. The swollen inflammation of my hand is throbbing.    v. pat -um-, mag-, mang-; ran -an. To develop a swelling, become swollen and inflamed. Himubag in lima niya. Her hand became swollen and inflamed. Cf. busul, bawtut *hūbat v. ag mag-; ran -an. {Rare} To teach (someone something); persuade (someone) to be good or do (something) good. Subay in manga maas maghūbat tuud ha manga kaanakan nila pasal sin kangian sin magsiga mariwana. Parents should really teach their children about the evil of smoking marijuana. OV SYN. hinduꞌ hubaya-hubaya adj. By all means, without fail. Hubaya-hubaya tuud pakaria siya. Let him come by all means. Cf. amay-amay, ibut-ibut hublaꞌ v. ag -um-, mag-; ran -an. To cease, stop. Diꞌ siya paghublaan sin tandug iban hinglaw. He doesn’t

stop being chilled and fevered.    n. hublaan Stopping, cessation. Way na hublaan sin pagbunuꞌ ha gimba. There is no stopping of the fighting in the interior. Cf. hundung, *hulaw hublut v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un; ran -an. To draw, unsheathe (as a sword from the scabbard, or a pistol from the holster); uproot (something, as plants from the earth). Hubluta in ispara mu. Magsimpan kita. Draw your sword. We’ll fence. Ayaw mu hubluta in jambangan yan. Don’t uproot that plant. Cf. *larut, *tangsuꞌ hubuꞌ adj. (Of the body) bare, naked. Naghuhubuꞌ in manga bataꞌ-bataꞌ nagpayguꞌ. The little children bathing are naked.    vt. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un; ran -an. [-un and -an practically the same meaning. Often -an is used of taking off something from someone else.] To undress, take off (something one wears, as clothing, shoes, wristwatch, or rings). Hubuun ku in badjuꞌ ini bat masigpit. I’m going to take off this dress because it’s tight.    vi. pat ma-. (For an article of clothing, shoes) to come off. Nahubuꞌ in sinilas ku didtu ha tabuꞌ. My shoes came off at the market. Cf. *hukas *hudhud vt. CV 1 ag mag-, -um-; pat hi-. To pour out (something from a container as grains or powder, but not liquid). Hihudhud ta in bugas dayn ha karut. Let’s pour out the rice from the sack.    vi. pat ma-. (For grains, powder, etc.) to leak out. Mahudhud in tirigu dayn ha karut. The flour will leak out of the sack. Cf. *asag 1 hūg (var. of hulug) v To fall from a height, drop (something); to give (interest on money, change in a money transaction, an opinion); mail (a letter). hugab (var. of ugab) n The hard inner shell of a coconut. hugas 1 v. AR ag mag-, -um-, mang-; ran -an. To wash, clean (something with water as hands, face, feet, or dishes). Hugasi in lima mu. Wash your hands. Cf. *dakdak 1, linug2 2 v. ag mag-, -um-, mang-; ran -an. To develop (negatives into photographs). Hugasan ku na in manga nigatib diyā niya mari. I’ll develop the negatives that he brought here.

*hugpaꞌ v. ag maka-; ran ka-…-an. To encounter, come upon something (accidentally). Lugay nila naglunsul nakahugpaꞌ sila pa tau naggagās. During their travel they came upon people making a kaingin. hugpuꞌ n. Upper hips. Simakit in hugpuꞌ ku sabab limingkud aku malugay. My upper hips are sore because I sat so long. Masangba in hugpuꞌ niya. She has large upper hips. (See Appendix 6: The Parts of the Body) hugut 1 n. Tightness (as of a knot, tie, lid, door); firmness. In hugut sin paghukut niya landuꞌ marayaw. The tightness of the way he tied is really good. adj. mahugut Firm, fast, tight, tightly closed. Mahugut in pagtambul sin lawang. The door is tightly closed. v. AR ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To hold on (to something to avoid falling). Hugut kaw bat kaw diꞌ mahulug. Hold on tightly so you won’t fall. v. ST pat -um-. To become tight or tighter. Subay mu pahugutun in pagtambul sin mital bangbang. You must make the closing of the biscuit can tight (i.e., close it tightly). 2 adj. mahugut (Of one’s faith) strong; (of one’s inner being) not overly emotional or unstable, calm. In tau mahugut in īman diꞌ masasat sin saytan. A man with strong faith cannot be tempted by the devil. Cf. *pagun, kamdus 2 *hugut v. AQ ag/goal mag-; pat -un. To pull (nits from the hair). Huguta in lisaꞌ ha buhuk ku. Pull the nit from my hair. *hukaꞌ 1 adj. mahukaꞌ Loose, not tight. Pahuguta bang mahukaꞌ in hukut. Tighten it if the tie is loose. vt. AR ag mag-; mang-; ran -an. To loosen (something, as a tie or knot, bracelet, lid, tourniquet, or wound dressing). Hukaan ta in pagbaggut bat maluhay hubaran. Let us loosen the knot so that it’s easy to untie it. vi. ST pat -um-. To become loose. Himukaꞌ in hukut. The tie has become loose. Cf.: haluy 1. 2 adj. mahukaꞌ Easily tempted or seduced, weak in faith, sentimental. Mahukaꞌ in īman niya ha manga babai malingkat. He is easily seduced by beautiful women. *hukas v. AR ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To undress, change clothes (after taking a walk), change clothes

from new to old. Paghukas na kaw bat kita makahali-hali. Change your clothes so that we can rest. Hukasi na in badjuꞌ mu. Change your dress. Cf. *salin 1, hubuꞌ hukaw n. Dislike, distaste, disinclination, disgust, unwillingness. Maytaꞌ bihayan in hukaw mu ha tau yan? Why is your dislike for that person like that?    v. act/pat -um-, mag-; ran ka-…-an. To dislike, have no taste for, detest, hate (something), loathe or be disgusted at (something).    adj. mahukaw Characterized by hating, detesting, disgust. Mahukaw aku sin tau putingan. I hate people who tell lies. Mahukaw in Tausug tagnaꞌ ha Bisayaꞌ. The Tausug detested Christians before. Cf. dugal, lisuꞌ 1 *hukuꞌ-hukuꞌ v. act mag-. To sob, weep. Naghukuꞌ-hukuꞌ in bataꞌ pagꞌubus liyubakan sin amaꞌ. The child was sobbing after he was whipped by his father. Cf. tangis *hukum v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To judge, try or decide a case in court (either civil or criminal). Kunsūm hukumun in parakalaꞌ mu. Tomorrow your case will be judged. Cf. hisab    n. manghuhukum A judge or person acting in the capacity of a judge. In amaꞌ sin bataꞌ yan manghuhukum. The father of that child is a judge. SYN. huwis    n. hukuman Judgment, decision of a court. Patayun in hukuman dīhil kaniya. The judgment given to him is that he will die (i.e., the verdict is death). Daugun hadjaꞌ in hiyuhukum bang in paghukum sin manghuhukum hukuman kulampiraꞌ. The accused will always be guilty if the judge gives a one-sided judgment. hukuman dapit n. One-sided judgment. Bukun marayaw in hukuman dapit. A one-sided judgment is not good. *hukut n. Rope, string or the like; a tie.    v. AR ag mag-, -um-, mang-; ran -an. To tie, fasten (something). Hukuti in manuk bat diꞌ makabuluy. Tie the leg of the chicken so it can’t get away. Cf. lubid, baggut hukut liug n. A necklace. Napuklas in hukut liug sin bataꞌ-bataꞌ. The necklace of the child became unfastened.

hulaꞌ 1.1 n. Country, home, province, district. Hawnu in hulaꞌ niyu? What province do you come from? v. AR ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To make one’s dwelling, reside. Hain kaw naghuhulaꞌ? Where do you live? Didtu na kami maghulaꞌ ha daira. We’ll reside in the city. n. hulaan Place of one’s residence, where one resides. Muwiꞌ na kita pa hulaan. Let’s go home to our place of residence. 1.2 n. Weather. Diꞌ naa kami tumulak sabab mangiꞌ hulaꞌ. We will not travel yet because of bad weather. 2 v. hulaꞌ-hulaꞌ ag mag-. To get married. Subay tutug in pamikil mu bang kaw nakapikil na maghulaꞌhulaꞌ. You should be stable when you’re already thinking of getting married. taga paghulaꞌ (comp.) adj. Married. hulak adj. Oftentimes, many times, again and again, over-satisfied. Hulak na aku ha pagbunuan. I have gone to war many times. Cf. *sumu, sangdan2 hulanug (gimb. hulaꞌnug) n. A dull sound produced by a heavy falling object, thud. Karungugan in hulanug sin pagkanyun ha Indanan mari. The thud of the cannon falling at Indanan can be heard here.    v. act/pat mag-, -um-. To make such a sound. Naghulanug in niyug naligad kabii. The coconut that fell last night made a thud. Cf. hulangkad, lagungkad hulangkad n. A heavy reverberating booming sound (made by the explosion or impact of a heavy falling object, as of incoming artillery shells or falling trees). Nakabatiꞌ aku sin paghulangkad sin kahuy. The booming sound of the tree woke me up.    v. act/pat -um-. To make such a reverberating, booming noise. Himulangkad sadja in pagkanyun ha gimba. The cannoning in the interior made continuous heavy booming sounds. Cf. lagungkad, kularak hulas n. Perspiration, sweat. Timūꞌ na in hulas dayn ha tuktuk mu. Sweat is dripping from your forehead.    v. ran -an. To perspire, sweat. Hiyulasan aku nagtagad kaymu. I perspired waiting for you. hulas-sangsaꞌ n. Great effort (lit. sweat and toil). Hipaglillaꞌ ku kaymu katan in hulas-sangsaꞌ ku. I sincerely give up to you all my great effort.    v. ag mag-; ran pag-…-an. To exert great effort, work exhaustively (esp. in reaching a goal). Bang kaw diꞌ maghulas-sangsaꞌ diꞌ jumatu in unu-unu hinang mu. If you don’t work exhaustively, you

won’t succeed in anything you do. Cf. luug hulat1 n. A stopper, plug, cork. Nalawaꞌ na in hulat sin tirmus. The cork to the thermos is lost.    vt. ag mag-, -um-, mang-; pat -un. To stop up (something with a stopper, plug, cork, as a hole or the mouth of a bottle); plug (something). Subay ta hulatun in tūbu bat diꞌ magbunsuwang in tubig. We should plug the pipe so the water won’t gush out.    vi. pat ma-. To be stopped up. Nahulat in tūbu tubig. The water pipe is stopped up. hulat2 (var. of *huwat) v [Often rdp.] To look forward to, expect, hope; be confident or assured (of something); trust, rely, depend, count or reckon on. *hulaw v. act/pat -um-. To cease, stop, (as of rain). Bang humulaw in ulan buwara in diyakdakan. When the rain stops hang up the washing. Pahulawun ta naa in ulan ampa kita muwiꞌ. Let’s wait for the rain to stop and then we’ll go home. Cf. hundung, huwas hulaya (var. of luhaya) adj Free from control, obstacle, restriction. *huli v. ag magpa-; pat pa-…-un. To cause to be at the last, end, or rear. Magpahuli na aku kumaun. I will eat later. Pahulihun ku in paghugas sin manga anglit. I’ll put the washing of the pots last.    v. ran ka-…-an. To be late. Hisiyu-siyu in kahulihan magꞌinrul awn multa niya. Whoever is late to enroll will be fined.    n. hulihan {(See ulihan).}    adj. mahuli Later, the last (part of something). Mahuli na yan piyakitaꞌ kāmuꞌ. That was shown to us later. Cf. hinapusan, tapus, duhul huling bataꞌ (comp.) adj. The young generation, the youth. In huling bataꞌ bihaun mahunit kahinduan. It is hard to teach the youth of today. *hulid 1 v. ag mag-; pat -un. To lie or sleep together (as of a married couple, mother and child). Hiyuhulid sin inaꞌ in anak niya. The mother is sleeping together with her child. Cf. kulang1 1 2 v. ag mang-. {Euph.} (For a man) to have sexual intercourse with (a woman). Ayaw kaw manghulid sin babai bukun asawa mu. Don’t sleep with a woman who is not your wife. hulihan (var. of ulihan) n Behind (as of someone following in a line), the last (of a series of things), rear

(as in a bus). hūlin n. A marble (used in games). Mataud hūlin diyaragang ha tinda lannang. There are many marbles sold at the Chinese store.    v. ag mag-. To play with marbles. Maghūlin hadja in bataꞌ ini minsan maas na. This kid just plays marbles even though he is big already. hulmaꞌ n. A date (the fruit). Pagdāhun sin manga maghahadjiꞌ in hulmaꞌ. Dates are brought by those who make the pilgrimage. Cf. dalimaꞌ, anggul *hulmat v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To do service (for someone), entertain, show respect by service or gifts (esp. to or for a person of high rank, as a sultan, datu, or president). Hulmatun ta in datuꞌ sin pangalay. We’ll entertain the datuꞌ with a slow formal dance.    n. huhulmatan Entertainment (in the form of goods, money, food, songs, or program for enjoyment); a gift given to show affection, support, appreciation, or reverence. Nagdā in dayn ha kausugan huhulmatan sin pagturul taymaꞌ. The party of the groom brought entertainment during the engagement. Cf. lagguꞌ 2, labut hulubalang n. A great warrior, hero. Hi Tumanggung Bantilan in hulubalang sin pagbunuꞌ sin Kastilaꞌ. Tumanggung Bantilan was the great warrior in the war during the Spanish times. hulug (var. hūg) 1 vi. ST pat ma-; exp ka-…-an. To fall or drop (from a height); be fallen on (by something). Nahulug in bataꞌ dayn ha taas kahuy. The child fell from the tree. Kamayaꞌ kaw, kahulugan kaw sin batu. Be careful, the rock might fall on you. vt. ag mag-, -um-; pat hi-; goal -an. To drop (something purposely), mail (a letter). Hihulug ku na in bahudjiꞌ. I’ll drop the anchor. Kuꞌnu kaw maghulug sin sulat? When will you mail the letter? OV SYN.: *tanak, pakpak 1. 2 v. ag mag-, -um-; goal -an. To give or pay (interest on money [with anak 2]), give (change in a money transaction, an opinion). Hulugi anak in singsing siyandaꞌ mu. Pay interest on the ring you pawned. Humulug kami pikilan kaymu pasal sin parakalaꞌ yan. We’ll give you our opinion concerning that matter. n. Change (given after paying with a larger bill or coin). Pila in hulug niya kaymu? How much

change did he give you? humay (var. of junay) n Spiced cooked rice with yellow coloring wrapped in a banana leaf. humba (var. of umba) v To show oneself suddenly (out of a door, window, etc.), appear suddenly. humbal adj. Soft (as of soil that has been recently plowed). (Also mahumbal). Magtanum na kitaniyu pāy bābā humbal pa in lupaꞌ. Let’s plant the rice while the soil is still soft. Cf. lunuk 1.1 humput n. Modesty, reserved bearing, shyness, demureness (of women). Subay bihayaun in humput mu. Your modesty should be like that.    adj. mahumput Demure, reserved, modest. Mahumput siya. She is modest and reserved.    v. ag -um-, magpa-. To act modestly, refined, reserved; do (something) carefully, properly as a woman should. Pagpahumput kaw maghinang. Do your work carefully, as becomes a woman. Subay kaw magpahumput bang kaw ha bāy sin tau. You should be reserved when you are at someone’s house. SYN. himpit; Cf. haymbuꞌgatun humus n. {Rare} A contribution (of money or other forms of property), alms (not necessarily for religious purposes). In dīhil humus sin mayul hipaghinang iskul. The contribution given by the mayor was to build a school. Cf. sarakka, pitlaꞌ, jakat, mura hun n. A homemade cigarette (made from cigarette butts). In pagtāgun hun amu in pupud siga tipunun ampa sigahun. That which is called homemade cigarettes is used cigarette butts collected and then smoked. Hinangun hun in pupud siga ini bat diꞌ kawgun. We’ll make homemade cigarettes from these stubs so they won’t be wasted. Cf. banusu hunaꞌ-hunaꞌ n. Imagination, fancy, suspicion. Nabunnal in hunaꞌ-hunaꞌ niya. His suspicion was true.    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To imagine, picture (something) in one’s mind; suspect (something). Hiyunaꞌ-hunaꞌ mu sadja in sakit mu. You’re just imagining your sickness. Cf. pikil, taliꞌ, hawatil hunas 1 n. Low tide, ebbing, receding of the tide. Mamayguꞌ na kitaniyu, hunas na. Let’s swim, it’s low tide now. v. act/pat mag-, -um-. (For the tide) to flow back or out, recede, ebb. Maghuhunas in dagat. The tide is ebbing. ANT.: taub.

n. hunasan The shallow water (of the sea, near the shore). Yadtu in bangkaꞌ niyu kiyabīn ha hunasan. There’s your boat. You left it in the shallow water. Cf.: luggut. 2 v. ran -an. To lose one’s wealth (esp. in business). Awn da adlaw hunasan da in manga dayahan. There will come a time when the rich will lose their wealth. hunat v. ag mag-, -um-, mang-; pat -un. To extend (the body or limbs) to full extent (as in yawning, relaxing or reclining), straighten (something, as a limb that is doubled up, frizzy or kinky hair). Manghunat-hunat pa aku. Hiyapus tuud aku. I’ll stretch out for a while. I’m so tired. Hunata in buktun niya nangungkung. Straighten his arm, it has doubled up. Hipahunat niya in buhuk niya kingki. She’ll have her frizzy hair straightened. Cf. sikad, *hutad, hinit hundaw 1 v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To look out through (an opening, as a window or mouth of a cave); view (something, esp. at a distance). Hundawa sila dayn ha tandawan. Look out for them through the window. Cf. sīb 1, tandaw 2 v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To pay a brief visit, look in on or look up (someone). Hundawa in pangtungud mu pagdatung mu pa Manilaꞌ. Look up your cousin as soon as you arrive in Manila. hundung v. ag mag-, -um-; pat hi-; ran -an. [With hi-, the agents are all the people concerned. With -an, the agent is one person or a few people.] To stop, cease from doing (something). Hundung na kaw magbissara! Stop talking! Subay hihundung in paglimut ha supaya way pagkālu. (We) should all stop so that there will be no quarreling. Hundungi na in pagpanayam mu. Stop your gambling. Hundungan ku na in pagpanaw dūm. I will stop going out at night. Cf. *hulaw, puas 1.1, huwas, hublaꞌ hunit 1 n. Difficulty, hardship. v. act/pat mag-, -um-; exp ka-…-an. To encounter difficulty, hardship. Kahunitan kaw maghinang yan bang isa-isa mu. You’ll have difficulty working on that alone. v. ST pat -um-. (For something) to become difficult or hard. Humunit in pagꞌusaha bang malingug in hulaꞌ. Business becomes hard if the country is in trouble. adj. mahunit Difficult, hard. Mahunit in hinang kiyasukuꞌ kākuꞌ. I am assigned to a difficult task. OV SYN.: sigpit 2. 2 n. (A high) price; expense. Diꞌ ku bīhun bang bihān in hunit sin dagangan mu. I won’t buy any if the

price of your wares is like that. v. exp ka-…-an. To be unable or scarcely able to afford the expense (of something). Kahunitan na in tau magpahinang bāy bihaun. People can scarcely afford the expense of building a house now. adj. mahunit Costly, expensive. Mahunit na in pagꞌiskul bihaun. Going to school is expensive now. OV SYN.: mahalgaꞌ halgaꞌ 1. hunub-hunub n. Rumor, hearsay, talk in a low voice. Unu in hunub-hunub diyungug mu ha kahigadhigaran yan? What is the rumor that you have heard around?    v. ag mag-, -um-; goal -an. To tell, report, or spread (something) as a rumor. Diꞌ in manga tau maghunub-hunub bang way kabunnalan niya. People won’t start telling rumors if there is no truth in it. Cf. higung-hagas, suysuy, hintub-hintub hunus n. A strong wind, typhoon. Iyabutan kami sin hunus ha giꞌtung lawd. We were caught by the typhoon in the middle of the sea. Cf. badju *hungat 1 v. act mag-. To gasp, pant (as from running), utter (something) hurriedly and breathlessly. Naghuhungat na siya namaytaꞌ kākuꞌ sin kītaꞌ niya. Panting she told me what she saw. SYN. pungat 2 v. A speech impediment in which the voice sounds like someone speaking while panting or out of breath. (See Appendix 8: Diseases) hungaw n. A leak of gaseous material or air (as from a tire or tank). Awn hungaw sin guma tarak ini. There’s a leak in this tire.    v. act/pat -um-, mag-. To give off air, leak. Humungaw in silikan tarak nakagiik bagbag kassaꞌ. The tire of the truck that rolled over a broken bottle will leak. Cf. singaw *hungay v. ag mag-; pat -un. To seduce, persuade (someone to do something, usu. to do wrong); tempt (someone). Hungayun niya aku manakaw. He is tempting me to steal. *hungkuy v. ag mag-; pat -un. To shake (a branch of a tree). Dimāg siya pa taas sin kahuy ampa niya hiyungkuy in manga sanga sin kahuy. He climbed the tree and then shook the branches of the tree. Hungkuyun ku in sanga bat mahulug in baymbing. I’ll shake the branches so the balingbing will fall. OV SYN. *taut; Cf. *jugjug

hungsuy (var. ungsuy) n. A tobacco pipe. Hungsuy in pagmaratan sin manga lannang. A pipe is the thing the Chinese use for smoking opium.    v. ag mag-. To use a tobacco pipe. Manga kamaasan in maghungsuy. Old folks are the ones using a tobacco pipe. hungut n. A small bank (for coins, made from a hollowed out nut, about the size of an egg). Hitawꞌ ku in pisita ku ha hungut. I’ll keep my change in a bank. Cf. alkansiya, baung-baung, tumpung *hūp 1 v. act/pat -um-; pat -un. To permeate, saturate, penetrate thoroughly; be absorbed; be complete. Diꞌ hūpun sin tubig in kakanaꞌ ini. Water won’t soak into this material. Diꞌ humūp in lasa niya kaymu bang kamu naglalawak. His love for you won’t be complete if you are far apart. 2 v. exp ka-…-an. To be absorbed or engrossed (in something); be lost in thought. Kahūpan kaw tuud bang mu mabassa in būk ini. You will really be engrossed when you read this book. adj. mahūp Wholly occupying one’s attention. Mahūp in pagkaun niya minsan in anak niya nagtatangis. Her food wholly occupies her attention even when her child is crying. *hupay v. act/pat -um-; ran pag-…-an. To cease, calm down, stop. Subay na humupay in lingug ha lupaꞌ ampa kitaniyu gumuwaꞌ. The trouble outside should calm down, then we’ll go out. Diꞌ siya paghupayan sin sakit ū. His headache doesn’t stop. Cf. hundung, puas 1.1, hipus1 , huwas hupiꞌ n. Taro. Pagsayulun in batang sin hupiꞌ. The stem of taro is cooked as a vegetable. Colocasia esculenta (See Appendix 5: Plants) hupit-hupit n. Evil speech or slander about (someone’s) wife or husband (having the intention of causing them to divorce). Nagbugit hi Amina iban hi Amil sabab nagkahagad hi Amina sin hupit-hupit sin inaꞌ niya. Amina and Amil divorced because Amina believed the slander of her mother about her husband. Makamula ha magtiyaun in paghupit-hupit mu. Your slander will destroy the marriage.    v. ag mag-, -um-; goal -an. To speak ill of, malign, slander someone’s wife or husband (with the intention of causing them to divorce). Subay mu diꞌ hupit-hupitan in anak mu bat diꞌ makapagbugit. You should not malign your child’s spouse to her so that they won’t divorce. Mangiꞌ in maas maghupit-hupit ha manga anak. It’s bad for parents to malign their son or daughter-in-law. Cf. *hupuꞌ-hupuꞌ

*hupuꞌ-hupuꞌ v. ag mag-, -um-; goal -an. To speak persuasively or convincingly (so that someone will do or not do something). Hupuꞌ-hupuan ku tuud siya marayaw supaya siya magad na muwiꞌ. I will speak very persuasively to her so that she will come home with us. Subay hupuꞌ-hupuan sin pulis in namunuꞌ yan, supaya siya mamaytaꞌ sin kasabunnalan, bang maytaꞌ siya namunuꞌ. The police should speak persuasively to that murderer so that he will tell the truth about why he murdered. Cf. hupithupit huru-huru 1 vt. ag mag-; ran pag-…-an. To go in great numbers or by groups; flock to (something). Ayaw na kaw magbaytaꞌ bat na isab diꞌ maghuru-huru mari katān. Don’t tell anyone so they won’t all flock here. Cf.: baan. vi. pat ma-. To happen in great numbers or all at once. Nahuru-huru sadja in pungluꞌ piyanimbak ha tau yaun. The bullets all came out at once at the shooting of that man. 2 n. An automatic firearm (so named because the bullets come out in great numbers rather than one by one). hurup n. Clear pronounciation (of letters or words). Nakalanduꞌ in hurup sin Arab magbichara. The Arab pronunciation of words is extremely clear.    adj. mahurup Having clear or correct pronunciation. Mahurup in guru magnasihat. The teacher has clear pronunciation when teaching.    v. ag mag-, -um-. To pronounce (a letter or word) correctly. Pahurupun ku kaymu in pagbassa sin sulat ini. I’ll make the pronounciation of this letter clear for you. hurus adj. Slipped down, slid down. Hurus in pantalun niya. His pants slipped down.    vt. ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To loosen and remove (curtains, pillow cases, etc.); slip out of (one’s clothes). Hurusi na in badjuꞌ mu. Basaꞌ sin hulas. Slip out of your clothes. They are wet with sweat.    vi. pat ma-. To (become loose and) slip or fall, become loose-fitting and easy to adjust. Mahaluy in pantalun mu. Gana-gana mahurus. Your pants are loose. Later they might slip. Cf. haluy 1, hubuꞌ, lurus husaꞌ adj. Overworked, overtaxed, overstrained, overburdened. Husaꞌ in kābaw ha pagꞌaaruhan. That water buffalo is overworked in plowing.

   v. ag mag-; pat -un. To overwork, overtask, overstrain, overburden (something). Ayaw mu husaa in daraakun mu. Don’t overwork your housemaid.    n. kahusaan Fatigue, weariness, tiredness, exhaustion. Makarihil kahusaan in hinang ini. This work can cause weariness. Cf. hapus husay v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To disentangle, untangle, unravel (something, as a confused mess of thread or string); comb disheveled (hair). Husaya in buhuk mu. Comb your disheveled hair. *hutad v. ag mang-, mag-, -um-; pat -un. To stretch (as in yawning, relaxing, reclining), spread out one’s limbs to full extent, stretch (something) out. Subay kaw manghutad-hutad bat kaw diꞌ lammahan. You should stretch yourself so you won’t get weak. Hutara in manga biyuwad bat hangkarayꞌ tumahay. Stretch out the washed clothes so they will dry easily. OV SYN. kutad, bitad, *bisud, hinit hutbaꞌ n. A sermon (usu. given in the mosque on Friday).    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un; goal -an. To preach (a sermon in the mosque or on the radio or TV). In Muslim maghutbaꞌ sakahabaꞌ sambahayang Jumaat. Muslims preach sermons every Friday during Friday prayers. Cf. nasihat huun intj. Yes (affirmation). Huun, matun da aku kunsūm. Yes, I’ll go there tomorrow.    v. ag mag-, -um-. To give an affirmative reply, agree (with something). Ayaw kaw humuun bang kaw diꞌ da magad kāmuꞌ. Don’t say yes if you don’t intend to come with us. SYN. *tanguꞌ huwal (var. of *kuhal) v To mix or blend (something) with a ladle or spatula. huwas adv. After, afterwards, right after. Huwas sin bunuꞌ dunya mataud in bangsa kiyasigpitan. After the world war many nations suffered.    v. act -um-, mag-; ran pag-…-an. (For trouble, a fight, disorder, confusion, a cannonade, etc.) to stop, come to an end. Diꞌ na paghuwasan sin lingug in hulaꞌ Pilipinas ini. There is no ending of trouble in the Philippines. Pahuwasun ta naa muna in hiluhalaꞌ ampa kita muwiꞌ. We’ll wait for the uproar to end then we’ll go home. OV SYN. *hupay huwas-huwas v. ag -um-, mag-, mang-. To explain so as to free oneself of any blame or accusation. Subay kaw manghuwas-huwas sin pasal singsing nalawaꞌ. You’ve got to explain yourself regarding

the lost ring, so you won’t be accused of stealing it.    n. paghuwas-huwas The act of explaining so as to free oneself from any blame or accusation. *huwat (var. hulat2) v. ag mag-, mang-, -um-; pat -un. [Often rdp.] To look forward to, expect, hope; be confident or assured (of something); trust, rely, depend, count or reckon on (something). Unu in huwatun mu karayawan ha mahuli adlaw bang mangiꞌ in hinang mu ha dunya? What good do you hope for in the next life when you do bad things in this world? Way siya naghuwat sin mabuhiꞌ pa siya. She didn’t expect to live. Ayaw kaw manghuwat-huwat sin janjiꞌ niya. Don’t rely on his promise. In tau putingan diꞌ mahuwat-huwat. A person who lies can’t be trusted. Ayaw kaw maghuwat-huwat sin tabang niya. Don’t count on his help. OV SYN. pangandul; Cf. angan-angan    adj. huwat-huwat Confident, expectant. Huwat-huwat siya sin ingat niya. She’s confident of her knowledge. Huwat-huwat aku diꞌ mu pasāran in anak ku. I am confident that you will not neglect my child. Huwat-huwat aku yari kaw, hangkan aku miyari. I was expectant that you were here, that’s why I came. huwis (Tag.) n. A judge. Piyamahalayak na sin huwis in hukuman. The judge announced the decision of the court. OV SYN. manghuhukum *hukum; Cf. piskal, abugaw huyaꞌ v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un; ran -an. To slice (something fairly soft as meat or fruit). Maghuyaꞌ kita mampallam. Let’s slice mangoes. Huyaun ku na in unud sapiꞌ ini. I’ll slice the meat of this beef. OV SYN. dīp, hilap; Cf. *tuktuk1 (See utud for table.) huyup vi. act/pat -um-. (For the wind) to blow. Himuyup in hangin. The wind blew.    vt. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To blow (something with the mouth); sound (a wind instrument, whistle, horn, etc.); blow (a current of air); blow up (a balloon). Huyupa in tambu-tambu. Blow up the balloon.    n. huyup-huyup A wind instrument (as a trumpet or harmonica). Cf. pītu

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Tausug-English Dictionary: Kabtangan Iban Maana

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i i- (var. of hi-) verbal prefix pfx Indicates that something (semantically a patient) that is being conveyed or conceived as being conveyed is in grammatical focus. -i- infix ifx. [Spelled -iy-. Infixed immediately after the initial consonant of the stem except when the stem begins with a vowel in which case it appears to be a prefix. Compare asawa with iyasawa. In reality the -i- is still an infix since there is a glottal stop preceding the vowel but it is unwritten. That the glottal stop is real may be seen from the forms magꞌasawa and nagꞌasawa where it occurs within the word.] Indicates begun aspect of agentive verbs in other than agent/actor focus.

-i suffix sfx. [With stems ending in a vowel, -hi.] Imperative marker for verbs whose non-imperative focus affix is -an. Hukuti siya! Tie him up! Dāhi sila pagkaun! Take them some food! iꞌtidal n. One of the thirteen main essentials for the performance of Muslim prayer. The position of prayer wherein the one praying stands erect with both arms hanging freely by his sides after he has made the first bow from the waist. -ia suffix sfx. Imperative marker for verbs that focus the pat with -un. Sumbayꞌa kunuꞌ in manuk ini kākuꞌ. Please slaughter this chicken for me! ibaꞌ n. Kamias (a fruit of the makopa family). Mataud ibaꞌ nagtutubuꞌ ha halaman nila. There are many kamias trees in their garden. Maaslum in bungang-kahuy ibaꞌ. The kamias fruit is sour. Averrhoea bilimbi ibādat1 n. The dutiful worship of Allah and adherence to religious laws.    adj. balꞌibādat Religious, devout. In tau balꞌibādat malasa ha pagkahi niya. A religious person loves his neighbors. iban 1 rel. And, with. Nagkanam iban nagꞌastul in bataꞌ yaun. That child threw a fit and was angry. Ikaw iban hi Sulma in maglanuꞌ sin bāy adlaw ini. You and Sulma will clean the house today. Cf. ampa 2 n. A companion, associate. Ayaw kaw magpanaw dūm bang way iban mu. Don’t go out at night if you don’t have any companion. v. AR ag mag-, -um-, mang-; ran -an. To accompany or conduct (something to a place), extend manual help (to someone), be (someone’s) companion. Ibanan ta kaw magbuhat sin lamisahan. I’ll help you lift the table. Ibani aku matūg ha bilik ku dūm ini. Be my companion sleeping in my room tonight. v. pat -un. To take (someone) along (to a place). Hisiyu in ibanun mu pa Luuk, Amaꞌ? Whom will you take along with you to Luuk, Father? n. kaibanan Others, the rest (see main entry). n. tāiban A partner, spouse, companion, mate, member of a pair. Diꞌ masulug in kapatus yan sabab way tāiban niya. We can’t wear that shoe because there is no mate. Cf.: limbang. ibārat (var. ibādat2) rel. Like, comparable to (used to compare nouns, phrases, etc.); as if. In altaꞌ ibārat

dagat ubus tumaub humunas. Wealth is like the ocean, it ebbs and flows. In tau ha Sambuwangan ibārat ha lawm kasusahan hadja. It’s as if the people of Zamboanga are always in trouble. Cf. upamakun, sawpama, sapantun Ibilis (var. Iblis) n. In the Holy Koran one of the spirits who in the company of angels refused to obey God’s command to bow down to Adam. {His name denotes the power of evil with the root idea of desperateness or rebellion. Walaꞌ simujud in Ibilis kan Apuꞌ Adam. Ibilis didn’t bow down to Grandfather Adam. Note: The theory of fallen angels is usu. not accepted in Muslim theology. Thus, unlike in Christian theology, Ibilis or Satan was not an angel (malāikat).} Cf. saytan 1 ibu n. A thousand. Pila ngaibu in ungsud? How many thousands was the dowry payment?    n. hangibu One thousand. Hangibu sundalu in piyarā pa Lupaꞌ Sūg. There were a thousand soldiers sent to Jolo.    adj. ibuhan Amounting to thousands. Ibuhan in utang niya. His debt is amounting to thousands. Cf. laksaꞌ 1 (See umbul for table.) ibud (gimb. equiv. of igud) v To waddle, shake the hips, wobble. ibug n. Envy (incited by attractiveness); desirability (as of possessions, high rank, or beauty). In ibug niya sin badjuꞌ ku diꞌ hikasipat. Nothing can equal her envy for my dress.    v. ag mag-, -um-; ran ka-…-an. To envy (something), desire (something). Kaibugan sin tau katān in ingat-kapandayan mu yan. That talent of yours will be envied by everybody. Nagpaibug sadja siya kākuꞌ. He is only trying to get me to envy him.    adj. maibug In a state of envy (over something). Maibug aku sin pamulawan mu! I really envy your jewelry! Cf. inda ibut-ibut adv. Without fail, by all means. Ibut-ibut tuud patalusan in hinang niya. Let him finish his work without fail. Cf. amay-amay, hubaya-hubaya    v. ag mag-; goal -an. To tell (someone) urgently (to do or not do something), caution about certain acts, admonish, warn (someone). Ībut-ibut kaymu, ayaw kaw magkarupangan biyaꞌ ha yan. I admonish you not to do such foolishness. Nagꞌibut-ibut siya diꞌ kamu pabalikun mari. He cautioned you not to come back. Subay sila ibut-ibutan pakariun kunsūm. They must be urgently told to come here

tomorrow. Ībut-ibutan niya aku diꞌ paagarun ha parhimpunan niyu. He warned me against joining your organization. idda 1 n. A deadline for (something) to be done or fulfilled. Subay butangan idda in paljanjian. There should be a deadline for the fulfillment of the agreement. v. ag mag-, mang-; ran -an. To set a deadline (for something). Iddahan ta siya sin pagbayad niya utang. Let’s set a deadline for the payment of his debt. 2 n. The period during which a woman may not marry after dissolution of a previous marriage. Lima tahun in idda niya ampa siya makabana magbalik. The period she has to wait is five years before she can remarry. idil adha (Ar.) n. The sacrificial feast of the pilgrimage, the day on which the pilgrims to Mecca sacrifice in the Valley of Mina. SYN. Haylaya Hadjiꞌ comp. haylaya; Cf. idil pitri idil pitri (Ar.) n. The feast day at the breaking of the fast of Ramadan. SYN. Haylaya Puasa comp. haylaya; Cf. idil adha idlap n. Shininess, glossiness, silkiness (as of fabric).    adj. maidlap Shiny, silky. Mamī aku kakanaꞌ maidlap. I’ll buy silky material. Cf. *inggat, singlab *idlap v. ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To glance at or glimpse (something). Kiyaidlapan ku siya simūd pa bilik. I glanced at him as he entered the room. SYN. ilag1; Cf. atud īg v. CH 1 ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To remove (something). Īgun ku in manga lāy ha lamisahan. I will remove (all) the dishes from the table.    v. AR ran -an. To remove or extract a part (of something). Īgan ku in kahuy. I’ll extract some of the wood.    v. CH 1 pat hi-. To take or move (something) away. Īgan na dayn dī! Take it away from here!    v. ag -um-. To leave, go away. Diꞌ siya mabayaꞌ mīg. He doesn’t want to leave. Paīga sila dayn ha bāy ini. Ask them to leave this house.    v. ag mag-…-an. To leave (for no apparent reason). Maytaꞌ magꞌīgan in manga tau yan? Walaꞌ natuꞌ kiyālu. Why are those people leaving? We didn’t quarrel with them.

*iggil n. pagꞌiggil Ill will, envy, grudge. Way panghāti ku sin pagꞌiggil nila. I had no knowledge of their ill will.    adj. maiggil Ill-willed, envious. Ayaw kaw maiggil sin altaꞌ sin kaibanan. Don’t be envious of the wealth of others.    v. ag mag-, -um-, mang-. To be spitefully envious (of someone). Bukun marayaw in magꞌiggil. It’s not good to be spitefully envious (of anybody).    v. pat -un. To spitefully provoke (someone to bad actions or speech so that they will be punished). Iggilun ta na hi Abdul supaya siya makaīg. Let’s provoke Abdul so he’ll have to leave. *iggual v. ag mag-, -um-. To twist and turn, squirm, wriggle, writhe. Nagꞌiggual siya biyaꞌ hās. He squirmed like a snake. Nagꞌiggual siya sin sakit. She is writhing in pain. OV SYN. kinug-kinug igham n. The sound of clearing one’s throat.    v. ag -um-, mag-; ran -an. To clear one’s throat (so as to attract someone’s attention). Umigham aku bat niya kaingatan yari aku. I’ll clear my throat so that she’ll know I’m here. Cf. daghum igin n. Permission (from one’s husband). In babai wajib diꞌ mamanawan bang way igin dayn ha bana niya. A woman should not stroll around if she doesn’t have permission from her husband. igmaꞌ n. A common or accepted belief, opinion held by all or most, general agreement (esp. in opinion). Awn igmaꞌ sin tau Sūg ha pasalan sin pagtiyaun. The people of Jolo have a common belief with regard to a wedding ceremony.    v. ran ka-…-an. To have a general agreement in opinion, come to a consensus (about something). Unu in kiyapagꞌigmaan sin kamayulan? What consensus did the mayors come to? Cf. isun, mawpakkat igsuꞌ v. ag mag-, -um-; goal -an. To move slightly (so as to accomodate someone to enter or sit with one), move. Igsuꞌ kaw bat makalingkud hi Bapaꞌ Kamlian. Move a little so Uncle Kamlian can sit. Way na kaigsuan ku. There’s no place that I can move to. igud (gimb. ibud) v. ag mag-. To waddle, shake the hips (esp. of women); wobble. Magꞌigud in buliꞌ sin tau matambuk bang manaw. The hips of a fat person wobble when he walks. Nagꞌigud in jīp niya sabab mahaluy in siput silikan. The jeep wobbles because the bolt is loose in the wheel.

   adj./adv. maigud Shaking one’s hips (as one walks), waddly. Maigud siya magpanaw. She is waddly as she walks. Diꞌ aku kalingkatan sin babai maigud manaw. It’s not pretty to me to see a lady walk hip-shaking. Cf. *sampigay iguk-iguk adv. Little by little, one by one. Iguk-iguk in paghawas nila sin manga luwan. They unloaded the pieces of cargo one by one.    v. aux mag-, -um-, -an. Little by little. Dāhun na magꞌiguk-iguk in paghinang natuꞌ. We’ll do our work little by little. OV SYN. inut-inut inut *igul v. ag mag-, -um-; goal -an. To growl. Īgulan aku sin iruꞌ. The dog growled at me.    n. pagꞌigul The growling (of a dog). Makusug in pagꞌigul sin iruꞌ. The dog’s growl is noisy. Cf. *tanghul igut 1 n. Coccyx, the fleshy tail (of birds, people, animals). Masūb siya magkaun igut manuk. She loves to eat the fleshy tail of a chicken. 2 adj. īigutan Overeager or overanxious to do something (derogatory term). Īigutan na in babai ini magbana. This woman is overanxious to get married. Īigutan na siya manaw. He is overeager to be travelling. īhi n. A drive shaft (of a car or boat). Nagkakangiꞌ in īhi sin jīp niya yan. The drive shaft of his jeep is not good. ihiꞌ n. Urine. Bahuꞌ pangak in ihiꞌ. Urine has a urine odor.    v. AR ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To urinate, wet (something with urine). Ayaw kaw mihiꞌ ha giꞌtung dān. Don’t urinate in the middle of the street. Īhian sin bataꞌ in baluy. The child wet on the sleeping mat.    v. ST pat -un. To need to urinate, have the feeling of needing to urinate. Ihiun aku. I need to urinate. ihilas adj. From the heart, without reservation, sincere. Ihilas tuud in kiyapakaun ku kanila. The food I gave them was heartily given.    v. ag mag-. To have an attitude of unreserved giving. Subay kita magꞌihilas bang amu na in gantaan niya matay. We should unreservedly give him up (to God) if this is his destiny to die. ihitiyal (var. of istihal) 1) n Precaution or awareness against danger or badness. 2) v To prepare for the

night, close up house. ijājaꞌ (var. of hijājaꞌ) n An explanation. ikag adj. maikag Envious or jealous (of something). Maikag siya sin badjuꞌ nabī ku. She is envious of the dress that I bought.    v. act/pat -um-, mag-, mang-; ran ka-…-an. To envy (something). Bang in bataꞌ dāhun pa lawm tinda umikag sadja siya ha manga panayaman. If a child is taken into a store he will always envy the toys. Kaikagan sin bataꞌ-bataꞌ in munyikaꞌ ha tinda. The doll in the store will be envied by the children. Cf. abughuꞌ ikang-ikang n. Chains, fetters, shackles. Malagguꞌ in ikang-ikang sin manga pilisu. The shackles of the prisoners are big.    v. AR ag mag-; ran -an. To chain, fetter, or shackle (someone). Ikang-ikangan ku in siki pilisu. I will chain the prisoner’s feet. Cf. kadina, bilangguꞌ ikat n. An abscess (in the area of the jaw). Tagnaan sin ikat niya dayn ha ipun. The beginning of his abscess was from his teeth. (See Appendix 8: Diseases)    v. ST pat -un. To develop an abscess (in the area of the jaw). Bang mu pasāran in hubag sin ipun mu ikatun kaw. If you just neglect the swelling of your teeth, you will develop an abscess. Makalummiꞌ magkitaꞌ ha tau īikat. It is dirty to look at a person who has an abscess in the area of the jaw. ikaw pron. (Second person sg. topic pronoun) you (sg.); the emphatic second person sg. pronoun. Mabayaꞌ siya magbunyug iban ikaw. She wants to go together with you. Ikaw in kītaꞌ ku nagdā sin būk. You are the one I saw carrying the book. Cf. kamu iklug 1 n. An egg. Malanab in diyaral iklug. The fried egg is delicious. v. AR ag mang-, mag-, -um-; ran -an. To lay eggs. Mangiklug na in manga manuk ta. Our chickens are going to lay eggs. Iklugan sin manuk in taas lamisahan ini. The chickens will lay eggs on this table. 2 n. Pupae (of certain insects). Nagdarā in manga sanam sin iklug nila pa dugaing. The ants are carrying their pupae to another place.

ikrar n. A confession (as in declaring one’s faith).    v. ag mag-. To confess, profess (a religion). Marayaw bang magꞌikrar in tau sin agama niya. It’s good for a person to confess his religion. ikug 1.1 n. A tail or something resembling a tail (of an animal). Mahabaꞌ in ikug kuting. The cat has a long tail. v. AR ran -an. [Does not occur with pa₂.] To provide a tail or something taillike on (something). Ikugi in taguriꞌ mu. Place a tail on your kite. 1.2 v. rdp. ag mag-. To trail along (with someone), accompany (someone). Magꞌikugꞌ-ikug sadja siya ha bana niya. She is trailing along with her husband. 2 v. ag magka-…-an. (For someone formerly poor and humble who has become rich) to become boastful. Magkaikugan in tau miskin bang magkarayahan. A poor man becomes boastful when he becomes rich. ikug mata n. The outer eyelid. ikul adj. {Rare} Last born, youngest, last. In ikul amu in anak kamanghuran. The ikul is the youngest child. SYN. kamanghuran manghud ikut n. Selfishness, stinginess. Biyaꞌ diin in ikut sin tau yan? How stingy is that person?    adj. ikutan/maikut Selfish, stingy. In tau ikutan diꞌ kapamūsan sīn. A selfish fellow won’t lend money to anybody.    v. ST pat mag-, -um-. To become selfish or stingy. Subay kaw diꞌ imikut ha manga kampung mu. You should not become stingy with your relatives. Cf. *ūg, kuriput, paysiꞌ ila n. A birthmark. In ila ku dapit pa lawa. My birthmark is on my left side.    adj. ilahan Having a birthmark. Ilahan in taymanghud ku babai. My sister has a birthmark. ilag1 v. ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To look suddenly, take a quick look, detect, spot (something). Ilagi sadja siya bang harap pakain. Just take a quick look (to see) where she’s going. Kiyailagan ku siya ha lawm tabuꞌ. I spotted him in the market. Kiyailagan ku nagdarā siya pistul. I detected that she’s carrying a pistol. Cf. atud

ilag2 v. ag -um-, mag-; ran -an. To be cautious, wary, on one’s guard; look out, be on the watch (esp. for people that intend to harm). Ilag kaw dayn ha banta mu. Look out for your enemy.    adj. mailag Cautious, wary, watchful and alert to danger or trouble, on guard. Subay mailag in tau mataud banta. A person with many enemies should be on guard. Cf. *ilat, jaga, maanib *anib, halliꞌ 1 Ilanun n. A name used by Tausugs for Muslim people groups in Mindanao (Maranao, Iranun, and Maguindanao). *ilat v. ag -um-. To watch out for (danger or trouble), be vigilant, on guard. Umilat na sa yan siya kātuꞌ sabab kiyaingatan niya na in dusa niya. He’s watching out for us because he knows what he’s done wrong.    adj. mailat Alert to danger or trouble, vigilant, on guard. Subay kaw mailat dayn ha banta mu. One should be on guard against one’s enemies. Cf. jaga, ilag2 , maanib *anib ilaw n. Light. Masawa tuud in ilaw. The light is too bright.    v. AR ag mag-; ran -an. To furnish light, illuminate, shine a light (on something). Ilawan ta in sīn. Nahulug pa dagat. We’ll shine a light on the money. It fell into the sea. Cf. sawa, sūꞌ, palitaan illiꞌ n. The beginning of an indigenous melody.    v. rdp. ag mag-. To sing such a melody. Dumungug kita kanila magꞌilliꞌ-illiꞌ. We’ll listen to them sing an indigenous melody. Cf. taddaꞌ, tāꞌtāꞌ ilmuꞌ n. Esoteric, magical, or supernatural knowledge. Diꞌ siya pagꞌūkun sin pungluꞌ sabab sin ilmuꞌ niya. His supernatural knowledge makes him invulnerable to bullets.    adj. ilmuan Equipped with such knowledge. In tau ilmuan malawm in ingat niya ha pasal sarsila sin kabuhiꞌ sin manusiyaꞌ. A person with esoteric knowledge has great knowledge of the stories of mankind’s origin. Cf. ingat ilu n. An orphan. Ilu na siya ha inaꞌ. She is an orphan whose mother has died (i.e., motherless). Ilu sila ha amaꞌ. They are fatherless. OV SYN. yatim ilu balu (comp.) n. Bereaved of both one’s parent and one’s spouse.

anduꞌ kailu! (comp.) n. What a pity! ilud v. TV ag mag-, -um-; goal -un. To move on the buttocks. Ilud kaw bang kaw diꞌ kayahun manaw. Just move on your buttocks if you can’t manage to walk yet. Makailud na in bataꞌ-bataꞌ. The baby can already move on his buttocks. iluk n. Armpit. Mabahuꞌ in iluk mu. Your armpits smell. (See Appendix 6: The Parts of the Body) ilung n. Nose. Mapansung in ilung sin tau Arab. The bridge of an Arab’s nose is high. (See Appendix 6: The Parts of the Body) *ilung-ilung v. ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To shake (one’s) head back and forth to show disappointment, disapproval, discontentment, innocence. Saꞌ nagꞌilung-ilung pagkitaꞌ niya sin hinang mu. He just shook his head when he saw your work. *ilus v. ag mag-, -um-. To stretch, move, wiggle (as in waking up from sleep). Buwaha magtuy in bataꞌ bang magꞌilus bat diꞌ tumangis. Rock the baby right away if he stretches so he won’t cry. Cf. hibal Ilyas n. Elijah (the prophet of God during the reign of king Ahab). Hi Ilyas in nabi sin Tuhan way nakalabay kamatay. Elijah is one prophet of God who did not pass death. -im- infix ifx. The begun aspect form of -um- indicating single, simple or general acts. Often occuring with verb roots involving weather, natural forces, etc. imam n. A title for any of the various Muslim religious leaders or officials, the leader of prayer in a Muslim mosque. Kawaꞌ kaw madtu imam pabāngan ta in bāy natuꞌ. Go get the leader of prayers; we will exorcise our house.    v. ag mag-, -um-. To perform the task of a leader of prayers. Subay usug sadja in magꞌimam. Only men should lead in prayer. Cf. bilal, hatib īman n. Faith, restraint or forbearance (as from temptations), patience, endurance. Pahuguta in īman mu ha Tuhan. Make your faith in God firm. Pilak in nakapilad sin īman niya. Money overwhelmed his restraint from temptation.    v. AR ag mag-; ran -an. To exercise restraint or forbearance, patience, endurance; bear with (something,

as grief, sorrow, pain, anger). Mahunit īmanan in manga karupangan nila. It’s quite hard to bear with their foolishness.    adj. balꞌiman Having firm restraint, forbearance, patience. Cf. sabal1 , tatas imbayt (Eng.) v. ag mag-, -um-, mang-; pat -un. To invite (someone). Imbayta siya magpiknik. Invite her to a picnic. Mangimbayt kami kabagayan pa piknik. We will invite friends for the picnic. Imbaytun ku in kambal kumaun ha bāy. I’ll invite the twin tomorrow to eat in our house. Cf. abi-abi, *taabbit impis n. A chick. Ayaw butasa in manga impis yan dayn ha inaꞌ manuk. Don’t separate the chicks from their mother. imun-imun n. A snack, a kind of light food (eaten before or after a meal), merienda. Awn pagꞌimun-imun pagꞌubus sin panayam-nayam. There will be a merienda after the game.    v. ag mag-, -um-, mang-; ran piyag-…-an. To take a snack; celebrate (something) with a snack. Magꞌimun-imun kita ha tinda yaun. We will have a snack at that store. Piyagꞌimun-imunan nila in adlaw kapangdaug nila nagbūla. They celebrated the day of their winning the ball game with a snack. Cf. *limuꞌ-limuꞌ in rel. Case marking particle indicating the noun phrase which stands in a topic relationship to the predicate. Haunu in bāy niya? Where is his house? Hinduan sin mastal in bataꞌ . The children are taught by the teacher. inaꞌ 1 n. Mother, female parent. (In compound construction may refer to animals, birds, etc.) (inaꞌ manuk mother chicken, inaꞌ sapiꞌ mother cow). Hangka-inaꞌ hi Jamila kay Fatima. Jamila and Fatima have the same mother (but different fathers). Cf. ambuꞌ 2 n. The largest part (of a piece of turmeric or ginger, from which small pieces branch out). inasir 1 n. Nature, origin, elements (refers generally to the four elements water, earth, fire, and air). In katān muwiꞌ da pa inasir bang mapatay. All people will return to their original state when they die. In inasir sin mānusiyaꞌ dayn ha lupaꞌ, tubig, hangin iban kāyu. The origin of mankind is from earth, water, air, and fire. Cf. tagnaan tagnaꞌ 2 n. A constituent (of something).

inaun (from inaꞌ) n. The sister or female cousin of one’s parent; aunt. Inaun ku in taymanghud babai sin amaꞌ ku. The sister of my father is my aunt.    v. RC mag-. To be related as ego and sister or female cousin of one’s parent. Magꞌinaun in anak ku iban sin taymanghud ku babai. My child and my sister are related as nephew/niece and aunt. Cf. babuꞌ 1 inda n. A fancy, whim. Diꞌ magkaīg in inda sin tau ini ha pagbadjuꞌ mahalgaꞌ. This person’s fancy for fancy clothes doesn’t stop.    v. pat ma-. To have a fancy for, envy (something); be lured, attracted by (something), be desirous (of something). Ayaw kaw mainda ha manga tau mataud sīn nila. Don’t envy the people who have plenty of money. Cf. ibug indaꞌ n. Term of address for a female child or young girl, term of affection for a younger female (but not one’s wife); girlie, young lady. Indaꞌ, kaingatan mu in bāy hi Datuꞌ Titung? Young lady, do you know the house of Lord Titung? Haunu hi Indaꞌ? Where is girlie? Cf. ayang 1 indaginis (var. indajinis) adj. Various, of different kinds. Indaginis in kakaun biyutang kāmuꞌ. We were served different kinds of food. SYN. indalupa indalupa adj. Various, miscellaneous, of different kinds. Indalupa na in sayul diyaragang ha tabuꞌ. There are different kinds of vegetables sold in the market. SYN. indaginis indan n. A mark, sign, symptom (as of sickness); memory. Nalawaꞌ siya ha indan. He lost his memory.    v. AR ag mag-; ran -an. To put a mark or sign (on something), commit (something) to memory, take note or notice of (as to mark one’s words), remember (a place). Indani sadja in pamūng ku. Just take note of my words. Kaindanan mu in bakas piyaghulaan nila? Can you remember where they used to live? Diꞌ ku kaindanan bang haunu tiyawꞌ in pamulawan. I can’t remember where the jewelry was kept.    adj. maindan Having a good or retentive memory (for something, usu. a place). Diꞌ kitaniyu malawaꞌ sabab maindan in iban taniyu ini. We won’t get lost because our companion has a good memory for places.    n. pangindanan A mark, sign (that reminds one of something), symptom. In batu ini in pangindanan

sin daplinan sin lupaꞌ ta. This rock is the mark of the boundary of our land. Unu in pangindanan ta ha tau masuuk na matay? What is the sign (that tells) us when a person is about to die? Cf. tandaꞌ, *tumtum 1 inday intj. I don’t know. Haunu hi inaꞌ mu? Inday. Where’s your mother? I don’t know. indit v. ag mag-; pat -un. To be thrifty, economical. Inditun ku na in sīn-sīn ku ini, diꞌ dalasun. I’ll be thrifty with my little bit of money. I’ll not squander it.    n. pagꞌindit Act or manner of being thrifty. Cf. kimmit, ikut indulag v. ag mag-, -um-. (For a snake, esp. its head) to move or undulate. Bang imindulag na in ū sin hās mangutkut na. If the head of the snake moves it will bite.    adj. maindulag Fond of moving. Maindulag isab in babai ini. This girl is very fond of moving. indung n. A salt-water eel (generic). (See Appendix 2: Fish and Swimming Marine Creatures) ini pron. This (close to the speaker). Ini in bāy ku. This is my house. Diꞌ aku mabayaꞌ sin kātas ini, subay yan. I don’t want this paper; it should be that. Cf. yan, yaun, yadtu 1 *ini v. makainihan To be enough or sufficient (to do some particular task). Diꞌ makainihan in sīn dīhil mu kākuꞌ. Kawhaan pilak in ubat. This money that you gave me is not enough. The medicine is twenty pesos. Cf. sarang inig n. Gloss, luster, shine. Diꞌ hikasipat in inig sin tawmpaꞌ mu! The shine on your shoes is really something!    adj. mainig Shiny, glossy, lustrous, sleek (as of a polished surface). Mainig in tawmpaꞌ mu. Your shoes are shiny.    v. ST pat mag-, -um-. To be or become shiny, lustrous, glossy. Painigun ku in pagkuskus sin lantay. I’ll scrub the floors till they’re shiny. Cf. singlab, siꞌnag 1, silak, idlap injiksiyun (Eng.) 1 n. A hypodermic injection, a shot. v. AR ag mag-, mang-; ran -an. To give (someone) a hypodermic injection or shot. Īnjiksiyunan sin duktul in bataꞌ. The doctor gave the child a shot. Cf.: langgit. 2 n. Medicine injected by such an injection.

Injil n. The gospel (story of Jesus), the holy book believed to have been revealed by God to Jesus. Kitab Injil (comp.) n. The New Testament Scriptures, the second part of the Holy Bible. inniꞌ n. Grandfather, grandmother, granduncle, grandaunt. (A kinship term of reference and address used only of salip or royalty). Buhiꞌ pa in inniꞌ mu? Is your grandparent living? Cf. apuꞌ 1.1 insa Allah (Ar.) If God wills. Insa Allah ikaw iban aku makapagkitaꞌ da magbīng minsan kita naglalayuꞌ. If God wills, you and I will see each other again even though we’re far from each other. insiꞌ n. An inch. (See sukud1 for table.) intan 1 n. A diamond. Cf. kumalaꞌ, mussaꞌ 1 2 n. (cap.) A feminine name. *intawꞌ v. ag mag-, mang-; pat -un. To defecate, move one’s bowels. Paintawꞌa in bataꞌ ha pagjambanan. Let the child defecate in the comfort room. Cf. *jamban    n. pagꞌintawꞌ Stools, bowel movement. Mapitak in pagꞌintawꞌ niya. His stools are sticky. suka intawꞌ (comp.) n. Cholera, dysentery. intawꞌ-intawꞌ n. Diarrhea. (See Appendix 8: Diseases)    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To have diarrhea. Magꞌintawꞌ-intawꞌ kaw bang kaw makainum tubig malummiꞌ. You’ll have diarrhea if you drink contaminated water. intihaꞌ n. End. In kusug sin Tuhan wayruun intihaꞌ. The power of God has no end. Cf. tubtub 1, hinapusan *intul v. pat pa-…-un. To care for, take care of, attend to (something). Paintula marayaw in pagꞌiskul mu. Take good care of your study. In babai yan diꞌ maingat magpaintul sin pagkaun sin manga anak niya. That woman doesn’t know how to care for the feeding of her children. Aku mayan in magpaintul kaniya bang siya tumulak. I’ll be the one to attend to her if she leaves. Cf. *ayura, *ayuput, paruli *intus v. AR ag mag-; ran -an. To grind or press the juice (from sugar cane). Kunsūm ku na intusan in manga tubu yan. Tomorrow I will press the juice from the sugar cane. Cf. *pugaꞌ

inu-inu 1 n. Wonder, astonishment, surprise. Way minsan inu-inu sin inaꞌ pasalan sin anak niya nalawaꞌ. The mother has no astonishment in spite of the loss of her child. v. ST pat mag-, ma-. To be stunned, be in wonder, overwhelmed, bewildered, surprised, astonished. Nainu-inu sila tuud ha pasal mu. They are really in wonder about you. adj. makainu-inu Amazing, astonishing, surprising. Makainu-inu isab bang biyaꞌ diin in kapaguy niya ha jīl. It’s really astonishing how he was able to escape from prison. OV SYN.: tarsangngang, *tahamul. 2.1 v. ag mag-, mang-; pat -un. To be curious and sometimes doubtful (about something), wonder or want to know (about something). Maytaꞌ kita inu-inuhun sin tau dugaing malayngkan diꞌ kita magꞌinu-inu minsan unu in hinang nila? Why are other people wondering about us, when we don’t wonder about anything they do? Magꞌinu-inu in manga tau bang hain kaw nakakawaꞌ sīn. People will wonder where you got plenty of money. 2.2 v. ag mag-; pat -un. To pay attention (to something), care (about something). Diꞌ siya magꞌinu-inu minsan da way pagkaun ha bāy. She doesn’t care even if there’s no food in the house. Bagay, walaꞌ mu na īnu-inu bayaran in utang mu? Friend, don’t you care about paying your debt? inum 1 v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un; ran -an. To drink (something). Inum kaw hangka basu tubig. Drink a glass of water. Inumun ku. I will drink it. Cf.: *limuꞌ-limuꞌ. adj. mainum Drinkable. Mainum ka in tubig ini? Is this water drinkable? n. pagꞌiinuman A drinking container. 2 v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To have breakfast, (often rdp.) have refreshments. Batiꞌ na kaw, magꞌinum na kitaniyu. Wake up, we’ll have breakfast. n. inuman Breakfast or refreshments (the food). Unu in inuman ta mahinaat ini? What will our breakfast be this morning? 3 n. pagꞌiinuman An establishment or room for serving alcoholic drinks. adj. magꞌiinum A drunkard. inumpung [Patikul, Luuk]v. ag mag-; goal pag-…-an. To meet (and discuss something), gather together. Magꞌinumpung in manga mastal adlaw ini supaya pagbissarahan in pagpataas sin gadji nila. The teachers will meet today so that they can talk about the increase in their salaries.    n. pagꞌinumpung A meeting. In pagꞌinumpung, lisag tū sin mahapun. The meeting will be at three

o’clock this afternoon. OV SYN. isun, tipun inut adj. inut-inut Slowly, one by one, step by step, little by little. Inut-inut in pagdā niya sin labban. He carried the boxes one by one.    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un; ran -an. To do something little by little, step by step, bit by bit; (gradually) start walking (esp. after a rest). Iminut na kita bābā hulaw. We better start walking while the rain has let up. Cf. hangkatiyuꞌ *tiyuꞌ, iguk-iguk inuwak (from uwak) 1 adj. Arrogant, too proud. v. ag mag-; pat/inst (hi)pag-. To be proud. Mangiꞌ ha tau magꞌinuwak sawkat dayahan. It’s not good for a person to be proud just because he is rich. Bukun ku da isab pagꞌinuwak in pagtabang ku ha tau. I’m not proud about my helping people. 2 v. ag mag-. goal pag-…-an. To introduce oneself (to others). Nagꞌinuwak na aku pagdatung ku pa Basilan. I introduced myself when I arrived in Basilan. OV SYN. Mataud in uwak. saying uwak ingat n. Knowledge, wisdom, intellect. In ingat, altaꞌ mahalgaꞌ. Knowledge is a great treasure.    vt. ag -um-; pat -un. To learn or come to know (something), be aware of (something). Subay mu ingatun in hal hiwal sin hulaꞌ. You should be aware of the happenings of your country. Paingata sila sin yan na kaw. Let them know that you’re already here. Walaꞌ kami piyaingat sin pagdatung mu. They did not inform us of your arrival.    vi. ag maka-; ran ka-…-an. To know (someone or something), be knowledgeable about (something); know how (to do something). Diꞌ aku makaingat magdayaw sin makina yan. I don’t know how to fix that machine. Kaingatan ku in bāy sin mayul. I know the mayor’s house (i.e., know where it is).    adj. maingat [Negative is diꞌ, not bukun.] Wise, intelligent, knowledgeable. Bassaha kunuꞌ bang kaw bunnal maingat. Read this if you are really intelligent. Diꞌ aku maingat magbissara Bisayaꞌ. I am not knowledgeable in speaking (i.e., don’t know how to speak) Cebuano. Cf. mapaham *paham, hāti    n. pangingat Knowledge, awareness (of something). Way pangingat ku pasal sin pagꞌīg nila. I have no knowledge about their departure. OV SYN. pangirab *irab ingat-kapandayan n. Ability, capacity, or skill (to accomplish something). Dīhilan kita sin Tuhan ingatkapandayan. God has given us ability.

*inggat v. act/pat mag-, -um-. To twinkle (as of stars, gems, sequins, etc., esp. in a dark and far distance). Diꞌ magꞌinggat in bituun bang adlaw. The stars don’t twinkle in the daytime.    adj. mainggat Twinkling. Mainggat sa yan bang ha kalayuan. (You’ll see it) twinkling from a far distance. Cf. idlap, siꞌnag 1, silak, inig inggun n. A variety of cowry. Mataud inggun ha kalawran sin Mawbuꞌ. There are many cowries in the deeper waters off Mawbu beach. (See Appendix 3: Seashells, Seaweeds, etc.) ingkahi n. Lace.    v. AR ag mag-, -um-, mang-; ran -an. To sew lace on (something). Magꞌingkahi hi Babuꞌ sin badjuꞌ hi Indaꞌ. My aunt will put lace on the dress of Indaꞌ. Ingkahihi in liug sin badjuꞌ ku. Sew lace around the neckline of my dress. ingkiꞌ v. TV ag mag-, -um-; goal -un. [Usu. rdp.] To walk with only one foot on the ground, hop on one leg. Ingkiꞌ kaw kunuꞌ dayn dī madtu pa bāy. You hop from here to the house. Ingkiun ta dayn dī harap pa bāy. Let’s hop from here to the house.    n. ingkiꞌ-ingkiꞌ Hopscotch (a children’s game).{Three consecutive squares are drawn on the ground with a half-moon shape drawn at the end opposite the starting point. Players [usu. two or three girls] hop on each box except where the pamātuꞌ is lying. The pamātuꞌ is either a flat stone or a piece of broken chinaware.} ingsud v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un; ran -an. To move (something) a little, budge (something). Nagꞌingsud kami sin lansa pa hunasan. We moved the launch a little to the seashore. Mahunit minsan ingsurun in batu ini. Its hard to move this rock even a little. Diꞌ ku maingsud in barilis yan mabuꞌgat. I can’t budge that drum, it’s heavy. Cf. sūng 1.1, simay, sibug ipag n. A kinship term referring to the relationship between ego and the siblings of his/her spouse, the relationship of ego to the spouses of his/her siblings; sister-in-law, brother-in-law. In bana sin taymanghud ku, ipag ku. The husband of my sister is my brother-in-law.    v. RC ag mag-. (For people) to be in such a relationship. Magꞌipag kami iban sin taymanghud sin asawa ku. My wife’s siblings and I are siblings in-law. Cf. iras

ipang-ipang n. A female attendant or handmaiden (of a woman of rank, esp. a queen or princess). Matiꞌbut in ipang-ipang sin Dayang-dayang. The handmaiden of the queen is industrious. Cf. ambuwinang ipat v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To take care of (something). Hisiyu in magꞌipat ha manga bataꞌ? Who’ll take care of the children? Ipata in manuk ku. Manaw aku. Take care of my chickens. I’m going out.    n. ipatan A pet (esp. of tamed animals, birds, fowls, etc.). Awn ipatan ku iruꞌ. I have a pet dog. Cf. isbat, *upiksaꞌ, *ayuput 2 n. ipatan A helper (esp. in domestic work). SYN. daraakun daak ipit n. Yaws between the buttocks. (See Appendix 8: Diseases) ipuk v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To break (something) off (from its place, such as a fruit or flower from its stem). Subay na ipukun in bunga sin nangkaꞌ yaun pasal maas na. We should break off the fruit of that jackfruit tree because it’s mature now. Cf. *tipluk ipul n. Leprosy. In tau awn ipul diꞌ makananam masakit. A person with leprosy can’t feel pain. (See Appendix 8: Diseases)    v. ST pat -un. [Does not occur with pa₂.] To become afflicted with leprosy. Ipulun kaw bang kaw awn paliꞌ iban daran kaw nagꞌaagad iban tau īipul malugay tuud. You will get leprosy if you have an open wound and have been with someone who has leprosy for a long time. ipun n. A tooth. Palarutan ku in ipun ku kinsūm. I’ll have my tooth extracted tomorrow. (See Appendix 6: The Parts of the Body)    v. ag mag-. To wear artificial teeth. Nagꞌiipun siya marpil. He is wearing artificial teeth (lit. marble).    v. ag magpa-. To get artificial teeth, have false teeth made. Subay na awn sīn ku ampa magpaipun ha dintis. When I have money then I can get false teeth made at the dentist. ipun lutiꞌ (idiom) n. A meteorite (literally, teeth of the thunder). Bang maglutiꞌ ampa mahulug in ipun lutiꞌ. When it thunders then a meteorite will fall. īpun n. A slave, servant.    v. ag mag-. To serve as a slave. Magꞌīpun siya ha sultan. He’ll serve as a slave to the king.    v. pat -un. To treat (someone) like a slave. Diꞌ mu aku manjari īpunun. You can’t treat me like a

slave. SYN. banyagaꞌ; Cf. daraakun daak tagꞌipun (derv.) n. A slave owner, master. v. To serve as a slave. ipus v. AR ag mag-; ran -an. To cut off (an extra end of something, as of thread after sewing). Ipusi in jambu tanud ha badjuꞌ mu. Cut off the fringes of thread on your dress. Cf. gunting 1 (See utud for table.) *irab v. ag mag-, -um-, mang-; ran ka-…-an, pang-…-an. To know, understand (something). Subay kaw mangirab sin hinduꞌ kaymu. You must understand what you were taught. Ha saꞌbu namuꞌ naglalamilami walaꞌ namuꞌ kiyairaban dūm na in hulaꞌ. While we were enjoying ourselves we didn’t know that it was night already.    n. pangirab Knowledge or awareness (of something). Masangat na siya, way na pangirab niya sin dūm iban adlaw. He’s already seriously ill, he has no knowledge of day or night. Way pangirab ku sin pagdagang sin altaꞌ mu. I have no knowledge about the selling of your property. OV SYN. pangingat ingat iradat n. Will, desire, intention, determination (used only in a religious sense). Subay makusug in iradat mu magsambahayang bat kaw diꞌ sasatun sin saytan. One’s will to pray must be strong so that he will not be tempted by the demons. Cf. niyat iral 1 n. Target-shooting, marksmanship. In iral ku kaniya ha taynga siya kiyugdan. My marksmanship was such that he was struck in the ear. v. ag mag-, -um-; goal -an. To aim at (something with a firearm). Iralan ku in manuk-manuk ha taas kahuy yaun. Tudjuhun ku ha ū. I’ll aim at the bird up in that tree. I’ll hit it in the head. v. rdp. ag mag-; ran pag-…-an. To target-shoot. Timbakun pagꞌiral-iralan sin manga sundalu in mital ha taas kahuy. The soldiers are target-shooting at the tin can up in the tree. 2 n. The situation or direction of a place occupied (esp. in war. Generally refers to the four directions: north, south, east, west). In iral namuꞌ ha sātan. We’re situated in the south. iralan ludjuman n. {Archaic} A booklet of fortune-telling (used in olden times). Bang magbunuꞌ in manga karatuan tagnaꞌ kitaun naa muna ha iralan ludjuman. If the early datus were going to fight

they would first consult their fortune-telling booklets. Cf. putikaan putikaꞌ, bintang patahunan iras n. A kinship term referring to the relationship between ego and the brother-in-law or sister-in-law of his/her spouse. In nahinang ku iras taymanghud ku. The one who became my iras was my own sibling.    v. RC ag mag-. (For people) to be in such a relationship. In bana sin taymanghud ku iban sin bana ku magꞌiras. The husband of my sister is in an iras relationship to my husband. Cf. ipag iruꞌ 1 n. A dog. Biyaꞌ kaw addat iruꞌ mangātay pa kabāyan. You have the character of a dog, you go from one house to another. (See Appendix 4: Animals, Non-flying) 2 n. A derogatory term for a person (often used in anger to children who disobey or are hard to manage). Lubakan ta sa kaw yan, iruꞌ kaw! I’ll whip you, you dog! *irum adj. mairum Attractive brunette (both in hair and complexion). Marayaw aturun in babai mairum. An attractive brunette girl looks nice. irup v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. [Does not occur with pa₂.] To mind, be mindful of (something). Ayaw kaw magꞌirup minsan da malawaꞌ in altaꞌ mu katān pangandul hadja kaw pa Tuhan. Don’t mind even if all your property is lost; just trust in God. Subay kaw diꞌ magꞌirup sin dayaw parasahan mu bang kaw mabayaꞌ da tumalus magꞌiskul. You shouldn’t be mindful of comfort if you want to finish your studies. Subay mu irupun marayaw in pagꞌiskul mu bat kaw makatalus. You have to be mindful of your studies so that you can finish. isa1 adj. (The number) one (used only in counting). Isa, duwa, tū. One, two, three.    adj. isa-isa Alone. Isa-isa niya da miyari. She came alone.    v. rdp. aux mag-. (To do something) alone, get all (of something) for (one)self. Maytaꞌ kaw magꞌisaisa dumā sin hinang bang mu diꞌ kagausan? Why do you undertake the work alone when you’re not capable of doing it? Ayaw kaw magꞌisa-isa sin altaꞌ kiyabīn hi Amaꞌ. Don’t get the wealth left by Father all for yourself. Cf. hambuuk 1 isa2 (var. of aysa) n The last of the five prayers of the day (usu. just after 7:00 PM). Īsa 1 n. Jesus (the Jewish religious teacher whose life, death, and resurrection as reported by the Evangelists are the basis of the Christian faith and who is recognized as an important prophet by

Islam). Ha Sūg awn manga bataꞌ siyangay kan Nabi Īsa. In Jolo there are children named after Prophet Jesus. Īsa Almasi (comp.) n. Jesus Christ. 2 n. A male personal name. isab (var. isaꞌ) adv. Also, too, besides, moreover (sometimes used for emphasis). Bukun ba isab aku in nakakāꞌ sin sīn mu. Indeed, I didn’t take your money. Miyadtu da isab kami. We did go.    v. ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To repeat (something), do (something) again; reserve or keep (something) for another day (as work, a quarrel, or merriment). Kinsūm magꞌisab kita maghinang. Tomorrow we’ll work again. Pagꞌisaban natuꞌ dakuman in hinang yan kunsūm. We’ll keep that work for tomorrow. Cf. balik isārat n. Communication by signs, sign language. In isārat ini amu na in bissara sin manga umaw, lima nila in biyaꞌ simud nila. Sign language is the speach of deaf-mute people, their hands are like their mouths.    v. ag mag-, -um-; goal -an. To use sign language. Unu-unu in kabayaan ku hibissara pa iban ku subay aku magꞌisārat sabab umaw siya. Whatever I want to say to my companion I have to use sign language because he is deaf-mute. isay n. A namesake.    v. RC ag mag-. (For people) to have the same name. Nagbagay tuud in duwa magꞌisay. The two people who have the same name are close friends. isbat v. ag mag-, -um-, mang-; pat -un. To attend to (something, as children, garden, household activities, health); pay attention to (duties and obligations); be engrossed, absorbed in (something, as reading, attending parties, or playing games). Subay ta isbatun in pagꞌammal ibādat. We should pay attention to our religious obligations. Cf. paruli isinarkaꞌ adj. Full of evil, devilish. Isinarkaꞌ in tau namatay ha maas ini. The man who murdered this old man is full of evil. Amura isinarkaꞌ in makapikil mamatay bataꞌ-bataꞌ. It is only a devilish man who can think of killing a child. OV SYN. jahannam 2; Cf. jilakaꞌ iskawala n. A (carpenter’s) try square. Kagunahan tuud sin kalpintiru in iskawala bang awn hinangun

nila. A carpenter really needs a try square when he is building something. iskul (Eng.) n. A school. Magpatindug iskul dakulaꞌ in parinta ha miskin. The government will build a big school for the poor.    v. ag mag-, -um-; ran pag-…-an. To go to school; learn (something) in school. Hariin kaw nagꞌiskul? Where are you attending school? Pagꞌiskulan in pagtahiꞌ. You need to go to school in order to learn sewing. Paiskulun siya sin amaꞌ niya pa Manila. His father will send him to school in Manila. iskupita (Tag.) n. An air rifle. Timbaka in manuk-manuk sin iskupita mu. Shoot the bird with your air rifle. islam 1 n. (cap.) A monotheistic religion in which the deity is Allah and the chief prophet and founder is Muhammad. Islam na in agama ha Lupaꞌ Sūg sin karatung sin Kastilaꞌ. The religion on Jolo when the Spanish arrived was Islam. adj. Of or pertaining to this religion. 2 v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To circumcise (someone, males only). Subay islamun in bataꞌ usug. Male children should be circumcised. n. pagꞌislam The male circumcision ceremony. Kahapun in pagꞌislam kaniya. Yesterday was his circumcision ceremony. Cf.: sunnat1 . ismagul (Eng.) v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To smuggle (something). Ismaggula in siga ini pa Manilaꞌ. Smuggle these cigarettes to Manila.    n. magꞌiismagul A smuggler. Isnin n. Monday. (See adlaw for table.) ispara (Tag.) n. A sword (usu. refers to foreign swords). Cf. puddang ispil n. {Archaic} A cannon (larger than the lantakaꞌ).    v. ag mag-. To use such a cannon. Magꞌispil in manga kamaasan yadtu bang awn bunuꞌ. The people in olden times used a cannon when they had a battle. SYN. kanyun; Cf. lantakaꞌ Israpil n. The angel who in Muslim belief will blow the trumpet (sangkakala) at the end of the world. Cf. Mikail 1, Jibrail 1

istaꞌ n. Fish (generic; includes some marine creatures not usu. considered fish. See Appendix 2). Piyalawd kami kābii, wayruun istaꞌ. We went fishing (lit. out to sea) last night, (but) there were no fish.    v. ag mag-; mang-. To fish. In usaha nila, magꞌistaꞌ. Their livelihood is fishing.    adj. maistaꞌ Abundant in fish.    n. mangingistaꞌ A fisherman. Istanbul n. Istanbul, Constantinople. Laung sin kata-kata bakas nākari pa Lupaꞌ Sūg in anak sin Sultan ha Istanbul. The old stories say that a child of the king of Istanbul came to Jolo. *istigapar (Ar.) v. ag mag-, -um-. To beg pardon (from God). Nagꞌistigapar siya pa Tuhan. He is begging pardon from God. Cf. tawbat, ampun istihal (var. ihitiyal; istiyal) n. Precaution or awareness against danger or badness. In tau way istihal niya hangkarayꞌ magmula. If a person has no precaution he will come to grief quickly.    v. ag mag-, -um-, mang-; pat -un; ran pag-…-an. To prepare for the night, close up house. Magꞌistihal na aku sabab dūm na. I have to close up the house, because it’s already nighttime. OV SYN. saddiya istinjaꞌ n. Purification (with water) after defecating or urinating. In istinjaꞌ wajib ha katān Muslimin. Purification after defecating or urinating is a necessity for all Muslims.    v. ag mag-, -um-. To cleanse oneself after defecating or urinating. Subay kaw magꞌistinjaꞌ iban tubig. You should cleanse yourself with water after defecating. SYN. pagpawppuꞌ *pawppuꞌ isturi (Eng.) n. A story (whether true or fictitious); account, narration; report, rumor. In isturi yan bukun bunnal. That story is not true.    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat hipag-, -un; goal -an. To tell (someone) a story. Hisiyu in nagꞌisturi kaymu? Who told you the story? Isturihun ku kaniyu in pagtulak namuꞌ pa Borneo. I will tell you the story of our trip to Borneo. Cf. baytaꞌ, suysuy, habal isug n. Intrepidity, boldness, bravery, valor, fierceness, masculinity. Tukasun ta in isug niya. Let’s challenge his bravery.    adj. maisug Bold, brave, intrepid, fierce, violent.

   v. ag mag-; ran -an. To be bold, embolden oneself to act with courage. Isugan niya dumā magbissara ha Pirisidinti. He’ll embolden himself to speak to the President.    v. pat -um-. To become brave, fierce. In tau umisug bang masipug. A man will become fierce if he’s put to shame. Cf. tawakkal dā-isug (comp.) v. To display one’s fearlessness, act fearless. isuk n. Pith (central core of spongy tissue in tree trunks and branches), filling (as in confections or biscuits). Unu in isuk sin siyupaw ini? What is the filling of this Chinese biscuit?    v. AR ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To stuff, put (loose or spongy material) into (something), put a filling (in something). Isuki kātas in labban bat diꞌ magkimbuꞌ. Put some pieces of paper into the box so that it won’t shake. Isukan ta kapuk in tilam. Let’s put kapok into the mattress. isun n. Counsel, mutual agreement (a result of counsel). Isun sila magtaymanghud. The brothers have a mutual agreement. Unu in isun sin manga maas? What is the counsel of the old folk all about?    v. ag mag-; pat -un; ran pag-…-an. To counsel with, confer, deliberate (over something), discuss, come to an agreement. Isunun ta in manga kampung. We will counsel with the relatives. Cf. mawpakkat, igmaꞌ itaw n. A small type of quail. Cf. tabun (See Appendix 1: Birds and Flying Insects) itik n. A duck (smaller-bodied than patuꞌ and with a longer neck). Malagguꞌ in iklug sin itik dayn ha manuk. A duck’s eggs are bigger than a chicken’s. (See Appendix 1: Birds and Flying Insects) itikad n. Thought, one’s thinking, attitude. In itikad sin atay unungan ta kaw pa kamatay. My thinking is to die together with you. Mangiꞌ in itikad sin tau ini. This man has a bad thought. Cf. akkal 1, pikilan pikil iting1 n. An affectionate term for a little boy (used in reference or address); Sonny. Pakain kaw, Iting? Where are you going, Sonny? Cf. Utuꞌ 1 iting2 n. The spine (of certain types of fish or of rays). Mabisa tuud in iting sin kappuꞌ. The spine of a scorpion fish is very painful. Cf. sugud itum adj. Black (the color). Itum in walnaꞌ sin buling. The color of charcoal is black.

   adj. maitum Black, dark. Maitum siya dayn kākuꞌ. He is darker than I.    vt. CH 1 ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To blacken (something). Itumun ta in kapatus mu putiꞌ. Let’s blacken your white shoes.    vi. ST pat -um-. To become black, dark. Umitum sa yan in dingding sin asu. The wall will surely become black with smoke. Cf. tigidlum itung 1 v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To count. Itungun ku in sīn ku. I will count my money. Itung kaw. Tagnaan dayn ha isa sampay pa hangpuꞌ. You count. Start from one, go up to ten. n. itungan Computation, the count, result of counting, tally. In itungan ku sin sīn kayꞌman da. My count of the money was only fifty pesos. Cf.: *bista. 2 v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To consider (something as something). Ītung ku na siya anak ku. I consider him my child. *iyaban v. act/pat mang-. To yawn. Nangiyaban siya sin karuꞌ. He’s yawning from sleepiness. iyampa 1 adv. A very short time ago, for the first time, just now. Iyampa kami dimatung. We just arrived. Iyampa siya nakasakat ariplanu. He has ridden in an airplane for the first time (i.e., it’s his first time to ride). Cf. angay-angay 2 adv. Just, only. Iyampa hambuuk in anak namuꞌ. We just have one child yet (but may have more). iyan v. ag mag-, -um-, mang-; pat -un. To say (something), talk. Sulay kaw iyan bihān kākuꞌ bang ta kaw diꞌ bagahun. You just try to talk to me like that and I’ll slap your face. Diꞌ sa yan umiyan ikaw in kimawaꞌ sin sīn sabab mabugaꞌ kaymu. He won’t say that you took the money because he is afraid of you. Cf. baytaꞌ, bichara 1, agi 1 *iyan v. ag mag-. To accept an offer, like or want (something). Diꞌ aku magꞌiyan sin kakanaꞌ dīhil mu kākuꞌ. I don’t want the material that you gave me. Cf. bayaꞌ 1 iyas n. Maggots (not yet developed to the large stage).    v. pat -un. To become infested with maggots. Iyasun in paliꞌ sin sapiꞌ yaun bang katapuan sin pikut. The cow’s wound will become infested with maggots if flies settle on it. Cf. ūd, kagaw *iyut v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To copulate, have sexual intercourse (vulgar, often used in foul language

and cursing.) Cf. *wati

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Tausug-English Dictionary: Kabtangan Iban Maana

Tausug - English a

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j jā n. An indigenous confection made from pounded rice.{Fried in coconut oil. The dough is mixed with boiled water and sugar and put in a coconut shell with a small hole through which the dough drops little by little into the frying pan. Different designs are made.} Masarap iban malapuk in jā bang pagkaunun. Jā is crispy and delicious when eaten.    v. ag mag-; pat -un; loc/inst pag-…-an. To make this kind of confection. (See Appendix 7: Kinds of Confections Served at Special Occasions) jabjab v. AR ag mag-; ran -an. To shake out (something in order to remove something from it). Jabjabi in uhaꞌ dayn ha hanig lamisahan. Shake off the crumbs from the tablecloth. Jabjabi in hilam dayn ha

kulambuꞌ ampa mu hisangun. Shake off the mosquitoes from the mosquito net before putting it up. Cf. *paspas1 jablut n. A fringe, ravel (as of cord, thread, knitted or woven fabric); loose end of thread (as in sewing or weaving). Utunga in jablut ha badjuꞌ mu. Pull the loose thread on your dress.    adj. jablutan/majablut Fringy, unraveled. Majablut in higad sin kakanaꞌ ini. The edge of this cloth is already unraveled. Cf. jambu 1    v. pat mag-. [Does not occur with pa₂.] (For the ends of thread) to become unraveled, for pieces to split away (from a piece of wood). Magjablut in kahuy bang diꞌ kataman. Pieces split away from wood if it’s not planed. Jabur n. The holy book (believed to have been) revealed (by God) to the prophet David; used by Christians to refer to the book of Psalms from the Old Testament. In Kitab Jabur sukuꞌ hi Nabi Daud. The book of Psalms is the portion of prophet David. Cf. Kitab Injil 1, Kuraan, Kitab Tawrat 1 jaga n. A guard, watchman; mourner (esp. one who takes a nightlong vigil), one who watches.    adj. majaga Watchful, vigilant, alert. Subay majaga in sundalu. A soldier must be vigilant.    v. ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To watch, be on watch, beware, be on guard, guard and protect (something); spy on (someone). Jaga kaw bang yan in asawa niya. Watch when his wife comes. Biyaꞌ aku in jiyajagahan sin tau yaun. That man seems to be spying on me.    v. ran pag-…-an. To keep working (on something) overtime or into the night without sleep, have a nightlong vigil. Pagjagahan ku in term paper ku dūm ini. I’ll work overtime on my term paper tonight. Cf. tungguꞌ jagjag adj. Topsy-turvy, messy, disheveled, tousled (as of hair). Jagjag in buhuk niya piyaiskul. She went to school with tousled hair.    vt. CH 1 ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To disarrange, turn topsy-turvy, throw into a mess, dishevel or tousle (something). Ayaw jagjaga in manga būk. Don’t disarrange the books.    vi. pat ma-. To become disarranged. Ayaw hibala in manga kātas yan bat diꞌ majagjag. Don’t touch those papers so they won’t become disarranged. jahannam 1 n. A division of hell in which the most severe punishment is given. Asal mahulug pa narkaꞌ

jahannam in kātan bukun sukuꞌ sin Allah. Naturally, all the people who are not Jehovah’s portion will fall into the worst division of hell. Cf. narkaꞌ 2 n. An evil-minded person. OV SYN. isinarkaꞌ jahat n. kajahatan Trouble. Ayaw na kaw madtu bat kaw diꞌ makabāk kajahatan mu. Don’t go anymore so you won’t be in trouble. jāhil adj. Incorrigible, licentious, flirtatious. Diꞌ ku paasawahun in anak ku sin babai jāhil. I’ll not allow my son to marry a flirtatious woman. Cf. mabais/baisan bais, bigaan/mabigaꞌ bigaꞌ jahulakaꞌ (var. daruhakaꞌ; jilakaꞌ) adj. Cruel, unkind, pitiless, malicious. Jahulakaꞌ tuud in asawa sin amaꞌ niya. His stepmother is so unkind.    v. ag mang-, mag-; pat -un. To hurt, annoy, harm, wrong, molest, maltreat, malign (someone). Ayaw kaw mangjahulakaꞌ ha pagkahi mu. Don’t wrong your fellowmen.    n. kajahulakaan Unkindness, cruelty, malice. Kimaruk in kajahulakaan sin kabataan bihaun. The cruelty of young people these days is increasing. jaid v. ag mag-. To surrender. Nagjaid na in manga mundu ha sundalu. The bandits surrendered to the soldiers. Subay pajairun in manga mundu bat dumayaw. We have to let the bandits surrender so they will become good. Cf. lillaꞌ, surindil jakat n. A tithe, religious tax (in Islam, 2 1/2% of one’s wealth in money and kind).    v. ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To pay a tithe. Subay mu jakatan in altaꞌ mu. You have to pay a tithe of your wealth. Cf. pitlaꞌ jakkum n. The legendary name of the fruit eaten by Eve. Hi Apuꞌ Hawa in kimaun sin jakkum. Eve was the one who ate the fruit. bunga jakkum (comp.) n. Adam’s apple. jala-jala 1 n. (A decorative woodwork or iron) grillwork (used above partitions). Subay hinangan in bilik jala-jala bat awn hangin sumūd. The room must have a grille to have enough ventilation. 2 n. A veranda. Ha jala-jala kita maghali-hali sabab mahayang. Let’s rest on the veranda, it’s refreshing (lit. spacious). Cf. pantān

jaliꞌ adj. Striped, streaked (as of fabric or garment). Jaliꞌ in badjuꞌ siyusulug niya. He’s wearing a striped shirt. jām 1 n. An hour. Pilangka-jām magjīp pa Parang? How many hours will it take to go to Parang by jeep? n. jāman The hour hand of a clock. Bang in jāman harap pa tū ampa in minitan harap pa hangpuꞌ tagduwa hati niya lisag tū na. When the hour hand faces towards three and the minute hand faces twelve then that means that it’s three o’clock. Cf.: waktu. 2 n. A watch, clock. jamaꞌ-jamaꞌ v. ag mang-, -um-; pat/goal -un. To speak angrily (at people who are innocent or not involved in a quarrel). Ayaw kaw mangjamaꞌ-jamaꞌ ha tau way lamud. Don’t speak angrily to people who aren’t involved. Cf. pamūngmūng jamaa n. A member of a religious congregation (refers to people who belong to one mosque with one head imam). Mataud in jamaa sin masjid ha Tulay. There are many members of the Tulay Mosque. jaman n. Time, period, era, epoch, age. Piyagꞌanak in apuꞌ niya jaman Kastilaꞌ pa. His grandfather was born during the Spanish era. SYN. masa; Cf. waktu, timpu 1.1 *jamban v. ag mang-, mag-; ran -an. {Euph.} To defecate, relieve oneself. Duun kaw mangjamban ha pagjajambanan. You defecate there in the toilet.    n. pagjajambanan Toilet, water closet, comfort room, place where one relieves oneself. OV SYN. *intawꞌ jambangan n. A flower garden, potted flowers, plants. Parayawa in kaipat mu sin manga jambangan. Take good care of the flower garden.    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To have a flower garden or potted flowers. Lanui in lupaꞌ. Duun kita magjambangan. Smooth the ground. That’s where we’ll have the flower garden. Cf. sumping jambatan n. A dock, wharf, pier. Mataud kappal ha jambatan. There are many boats at the wharf. Cf. *dungguꞌ

jambu 1 n. An arm, tentacles of cuttlefish or squid (note: arms of octopus are called gulamay not jambu). Ayaw lamuran in jambu sin kanuus bang kaw maglutuꞌ. Don’t mix in the tentacles of the squid when you cook. Cf. gulamay 2 n. A fringe, tassel. v. ag mag-; ran -an. To make a fringe or tassels (on something). adj. jambuhan Having a fringe or tassels. Jiyajambuhan in saruk niya. His hat has tassels. Cf.: jablut. jāmin n. Ransom, bail, bond (as in a contract); influence (used to let a convicted person off). Bang diꞌ hikarihil in jāmin diꞌ makaguwaꞌ in bataꞌ ini. If the ransom can’t be paid the child will not be released.    v. ag mag-, mang-, -um-; pat -un. To post bail (for someone), use (one’s) influence to let (a convicted person) off, take responsibility for (someone) if (he) is arrested. Subay unud pilak in hipagjāmin kan Abdul bat siya makaguwaꞌ dayn ha jīl. We’ll have to have cash to use for bail for Abdul so he can get out of jail. Diꞌ da sa kaw majīl sabab gubnul in magjāmin kaymu. You won’t be jailed because the governor will use his influence to let you off. Bang kaw madtu pa Sabah awn da magjāmin kaymu. When you go to Sabah there will be someone to take responsibility for you if you’re arrested. OV SYN. piyansa, *lukat jamjam n. A Tausug song (a type of luguꞌ) chanted by the imam during the entrance of the bridegroom at a wedding. Amura pakil maas in makaingat sin luguꞌ jamjam. Only the old Muslim priests know the jamjam kind of chant. jampanaꞌ n. A framework mounted with a canopy where the corpse of a sultan or any member of the royalty is carried, royal hearse. Malingkat tuud in kiyahinang sin jampanaꞌ hi Indira Ghandi. The royal hearse of Indira Ghandi was very beautifully made.    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To make or use such a framework. In manga tau babaꞌ diꞌ magjampanaꞌ. Commoners don’t use a royal hearse. jampang n. The sheet (of a sail). Pahukaa in jampang sin layag ta. Loosen the sheet of our sail. jamrud n. A light green precious stone with flawless radiance.

*jamu v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To eat a sumptuous or elaborate meal (usu. given in connection with some religious feast, death anniversary, birthday, success, or fulfillment of a special undertaking).    v. ag magpa-. To stage or give such a meal. Magpajamu aku bang hi Indaꞌ makapagraduwit tahun ini. I’ll give a sumptuous meal if my girlie can graduate this year.    n. jajamuhan A sumptuous meal. Parāhi niyu jajamuhan in manga pakil ha masjid. Send a sumptuous meal to the priests in the mosque. janājaꞌ n. A platform or portable framework on which a coffin with corpse is placed, bier. In janājaꞌ subay hipagbīn ha kubul. The bier must be left in the graveyard. Cf. kaban2, lalungan janap n. A (short working) bolo (having a blunt end which is sharpened to facilitate weeding or digging). Marayaw hipagsuwat in janap ini. This bolo is good for weeding. Cf. utak, lahut janiit n. Male sperm or female ovum. SYN. daging; Cf. manniꞌ janjiꞌ n. A promise, agreement, condition, contract, pledge. Nagbaluba in janjiꞌ niya kākuꞌ. His promise to me was broken.    v. ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To promise, make an agreement, pledge, or contract. Diꞌ aku makajanjiꞌ kaymu. I can’t promise you. Cf. najal    n. paljanjian Agreement, covenant. Bukun bihān in paljanjian namuꞌ. That’s not our agreement. janning adj. Few, small amount or quantity (always preceded by hangka). Dihili siya hangka-janning asin. Give her a few grains of salt. Cf. tiyuꞌ-tiyuꞌ *tiyuꞌ, pudjut, kurak jantan n. A simple rafter used as a secondary support (for a high ridge beam). Subay awn jantan sin biyubungan sin bāy. The ridge beam of the house should have supporting rafters. jantik n. Elegance in dress and appearance.    adj. majantik Elegant in dress and appearance. Majantik in babai yaun hangkan da mataud usug in imibug kaniya. That lady is elegant, that’s why many men have been attracted by her. Cf. lingkat jantung 1 n. Human heart. 2 n. The heart (the seat of emotions). In lasa ku kaymu, tawꞌan ha jantung mu. My love for you, keep it

in your heart. Cf. atay 1.2 jangat n. jangatan An implement for scraping (consisting of a handle with a row of sheet metal loops). Mahayt tuud in jangatan ini. This scraper is pretty sharp.    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To scrape (a soft substance, as papaya into thin strips to use as a vegetable, immature coconut for confectionery). Magjangat aku sin kapaya ini para gamusun. I’ll scrape this papaya and preserve it. Jangatun ku in kapaya hilaw ini. I’ll scrape this young papaya. janggay 1 n. A long fingernail. adj. majanggay Having long fingernails. v. AR ag mag-…-an, -um-; ran -an. To have long fingernails. Magjanggayan in kuku mu bang mu diꞌ tuptupan. You’ll have long fingernails if you don’t clip them. 2 n. An artificial long fingernail used when performing a Tausug dance. v. AR ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To use artificial long fingernails. Subay magjanggay bang magpangalay. One has to use artificial long fingernails in dancing the slow formal dance. janggut 1 n. A (long) beard. Mahabaꞌ in janggut niya. He has a long beard. v. pat mag-. To have a long beard. Diꞌ aku mabayaꞌ magjanggut kaw. I don’t like you to have a long beard. adj. janggutan Bearded. Mabugaꞌ in bataꞌ ha tau janggutan. The child is afraid of the bearded man. Cf.: pungut. 2 n. The antennae of an insect. *jangkaꞌ n. jangkaan Limit, borderline, boundary, deadline. Kunsūm in jangkaan sin pagbabayad mu sin utang mu kākuꞌ. Tomorrow is the deadline for the payment of your debt to me.    v. act/pat -um-, mag-. (For something) to reach its limit, deadline, boundary, or borderline. Jimangkaꞌ na in pasinsiya ku ha tau ini. My patience with this man has reached it’s limit. Cf. tubtub 1 jangki n. Spite caused by envy or jealousy. Jangki in tagnaan sin pagkālu nila. Envious spite was the root cause of their quarrel.    adj. majangki Spiteful (because of envy). Majangki siya ha pangdaig bāy niya. She is spiteful toward her neighbor.

   v. ag mang-, mag-, -um-; pat -un. To behave in a spiteful manner (toward someone through envy), spite (someone). Mangiꞌ in mangjangki ha pagkahi ta. It’s not good to spite our fellowmen. SYN. pagꞌiggil *iggil jangngang n. One’s affected way of speaking, walking or doing things; affectation. Makalisuꞌ in jangngang sin tau yan. That man’s affectation is annoying.    v. ag mag-, -um-; To behave affectedly. Bukun marayaw in tau magjangngang ha mayran. It’s not good for a person to behave affectedly in public.    adj. majangngang Behaving in an affected way. Majangngang isab in babai ini. This lady indeed behaves affectedly. Cf. kalakkuwan japang n. A woven leaf basket (esp. for fruit).{Usu. made new to receive the harvest and transport it to market and then discarded.} Bī kaw mampallam ha japang. Buy mangoes in a woven coconut-leaf basket. Cf. kampil, tampipiꞌ, suꞌgub jari 1 rel. manjari Now then, it came to pass (an expression important in discourse structure) (also jari or jari niya). Manjari dimatung in Sultan. Then the Sultan arrived. v. pat mang-. To happen, come to pass; become, turn out (to be). Nanjari unu, in hīnang mu kahapun? What did that thing you were making yesterday turn out to be? v. makajarihan To be sufficient to do a particular job, be enough. Makajarihan in kamatis ini? Are these tomatoes enough (for the recipe?) v. aux maka-, mang-. To be able to (do something), be allowed to (do something). Makajari aku magad kaymu pa tabuꞌ? May I go with you to the market? Manjari na in manga tau bihaun magbissara pasal sin ngiꞌ sin parinta. People are now allowed to talk about the ills of the government. panjari (derv.) v. To create, cause to come into existence. 2 v. ag -um-; pat -un. To make use of (something). Bang mu jarihun in utak yan dāha. If you will make use of that bolo, take it. Diꞌ na jarihun sin iskul in manga būk ini. The school will no longer use these books. jasad n. The body. In nyawa masalay na dayn ha jasad bang in manusiyaꞌ matay na. When a human being dies the soul will then separate from the body. Cf. anggawtaꞌ, ginhawa 1, baran 1

jāt 1 n. All the physical and mental qualities that make up a person, personality, being. Diꞌ ta hikatugilaꞌ in jāt sin Tuhan. We can hardly describe God’s personality. Bukun na kaw jāt tau. You don’t have the physical qualities of a person (i.e., don’t look like a person). OV SYN. lupa2 , kajariyan; Cf. dagbus 2 n. Manner of actions or speech, actions (used in anger). Bukun na kaw ini jāt tau. Your actions are not human (i.e., you’re like an animal). jata 1 n. {Rare} Plainness or openness to the sight. Landuꞌ in jata sin dāira sin Tiyanggi Sūg ha taas būd Tumantangis. The town of Jolo is very plain to the sight from the top of Mount Tumantangis. 2 n. Plainness or clearness to the understanding. jatiꞌ n. Teak (a kind of tree with a broad leaf). In kahuy jatiꞌ marayaw paghinang bāy sabab makamdus tuud. The teak tree is good for making a house because it’s very durable. (See Appendix 5: Plants) jatti adj. (Of a legitimate or adopted child) legal, (of wealth) justly obtained; pure. Jatti in katān altaꞌ niya. All his wealth is justly obtained. Cf. purnaꞌ, purul *jatu vi. act/pat mag-, -um-. (For something) to come into being, develop (into something useful), be accomplished, be realized, materialize. Diꞌ magjatu in pananum bang panuga. The plants won’t develop if it’s hot season.    vt. pat -un. To bring (something) into being; develop (something) into something useful; accomplish, realize, materialize (something).    n. kajatuhan Accomplishment, realization, materialization. Way kajatuhan sin hinang mu yan. There won’t be any accomplishment from your work. jausan (var. jawsan) n. A kind of amulet hung around the neck.{Some magical verses in Arabic characters are written on a piece of white paper, then the paper is folded very small and wrapped with strips of black or yellow cloth. Not used nowadays.} Dīhilan hi Utuꞌ Usman jausan sin apuꞌ niya. Boy Usman was given a kind of amulet hung around the neck by his grandfather. jawꞌ-jawꞌ adj. Impolite, ill-mannered, discourteous and boastful. Mataud tau marugal kaniya sabab jawꞌjawꞌ siya. Many people are upset with him because he is ill-mannered.    v. ag mag-. To act in such a manner. Ayaw kaw magjawꞌ-jawꞌ ha manga tau maas. Don’t be

discourteous to the elders. Cf. halipulu, arut Jawa n. Java.    adj. Javanese. jawab n. Answer, reason, argument (as in a discussion, debate, or argument). Unu in jawab sin dayn hansipak? What’s the argument of the other party?    v. ag mang-, -um-, mag-; pat -un. To answer, reason, argue, discuss, answer back. Subay kaw diꞌ jumawab ha inaꞌ mu. You should not answer back to your mother.    adj. majawab Prone to answer back. Asal majawab in bataꞌ yan. That child is prone to answer back. Cf. daawa, sambung1 jawiꞌ 1 n. A violent or intense disagreement, argument, quarrel, dispute. Jawiꞌ in puunan sin kālu nila. Their intense argument was the cause of their quarrel. v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To have a violent disagreement, argument, quarrel, dispute; argue violently (with someone). Nagjawiꞌ sila pasal sin lupaꞌ. They disputed violently over a piece of land. Ayaw mu na siya jawia. Don’t argue violently with her. n. pagjawian The object or subject of intense or violent argument. OV SYN.: kālu; Cf.: *lugat, jawab. 2 v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. (For a fighting cock) to kick (another cock as they fight). Makakangiꞌ ha manuk in daran magjawiꞌ. It’s bad for a cock to be always kicking. Cf. *takbiꞌ 1 jawm n. A needle, any needle-like object (as a compass needle or the hands of a watch). Bī kaw jawm hipagtahiꞌ ta. You buy a needle for us to sew with. jaymanis n. Fourth finger, ring finger. Cf. bakul2 1, tudluꞌ, lāsuꞌ, kingking jaytun (var. jaytuk) n. Olive (tree). Masarap in bunga sin jaytun hinangun pamāpa. The fruit of olive is delicious as a relish. In kahuy sin jaytun marayaw hinangun ukil-ukil. The olive tree is good for ornamental use. Jibrail (var. Jibril) 1 n. The archangel Gabriel. Hi Jibrail in malāikat sin Tuhan nagbaytaꞌ kan Sitti Mariyam pasal sin hipagꞌanak niya hi Isa. Gabriel was the angel of God who told Mary that she would

give birth to Jesus. Cf. Mikail 1, Israpil 2 n. A masculine proper name. jibulan n. A small winnowing basket (having many tiny holes at the middle, used for separating cereal grains from their chaff). Kawaꞌ kaw madtu jibulan bat kaīgan in apa sin bugas ini. Get a small winnowing basket so we can separate the chaff from the rice. Cf. ligu jikil v. ag mag-, -um-, mang-; goal -an. To chant the praise of God (at a religious ceremony). In manga Muslim magjikil ha sambahayang nila. Muslims chant the praise of God in their prayers. jīl n. A jail. Awn nakapaguy pilisu dayn ha jīl. There was a prisoner who escaped from jail.    vt. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To imprison or put (someone) in jail. Diꞌ sa kaw yan jīlun bang way dusa mu. You won’t be put in jail if you don’t have any wrongdoing.    vi. pat ma-. To be imprisoned. Majīl kaw bang way magpiyansa kaymu. You’ll be imprisoned if there’s no one to pay your bond. SYN. kalabusu jilakaꞌ (var. of jahulakaꞌ) adj Cruel, unkind, pitiless, malicious. jimpal (var. simpal) v. ag mag-; pat -un. To excite (fighting cocks) by holding them in front of each other (and having them start kicking). Magjimpal kita sin duwa manuk bubulang. Let’s excite the two fighting cocks by holding them in front of each other. Pagjimpalun ta in duwa manuk tatakbiꞌ ampa kita magbulang. Let’s hold the two fighting cocks in front of each other to excite them before we let them fight. Cf. jawiꞌ 2, *takbiꞌ 1 jimpaw n. A towel.    v. ag mag-, mang-; ran -an. To wipe or dry (something) with a towel. Ayaw pangjimpawan in jimpaw ku. Don’t dry yourself with my towel. Pangjimpaw kaw bat diꞌ mabasaꞌ in lantay. Towel yourself so the floor won’t get wet. jimpulag v. ag mag-, -um-, mang-. To move, struggle. Nagjimpulag in manga tau simakat ha jīp. The people struggled to board the jeepney.    adj. majimpulag Active, never still, always moving. Majimpulag in babai ini. This girl is active. jīn n. Jinn, genie (a class of spirits lower than the angels capable of appearing in human and animal forms

and influencing mankind for good or evil). Mataud in ginisan sin jīn. Awn tau pagsūrun sin jīn, awn magꞌipat ha jīn. There are many kinds of jinn. There are people who are entered by a jinn, there are those who take care of a jinn.    adj. jīnan Possessed by a jinn. Jīnan in tau yaun. That man is possessed by a jinn. OV SYN. saytan 1 jina n. Fornication, adultery. In hinang jina hiyaram sin saraꞌ. Fornication is forbidden by law.    v. ag mag-, mang-; pat -un. To fornicate, commit adultery. Dusa dakulaꞌ in magjina. It’s a great sin to commit adultery. jinis (var. of ginis) n Kind, variety. jinis babarapa (var. of ginis babarapa) n Many kinds (of things), many different (things). Jipun n. Japanese. Bakas nākari in manga Jipun pa Lupaꞌ Sūg. The Japanese came to Jolo in the past. Hulaꞌ Jipun (comp.) n. Japan. *jiyara v. ag mang-, mag-, -um-; pat -un. To kiss (someone’s, esp. an elder’s) hand (on a feast day, esp. Haylaya Puasa). Subay kita mangjiyara ha mawmaas ta bang haylaya. We have to kiss the hands of our elder relatives when we greet them on festival days. Cf. siyum juba n. A vestment (usu. worn at religious ceremonies), outer garment, robe, gown.    v. ag mag-. To wear such a garment. Nagjuba in pariꞌ. The Catholic priest is wearing a robe. jubul n. Anus; rectum.    v. ag mag-, mang-, -um-. To mate (as of dogs). jud n. Division of the Holy Qur’an.{The text of the Qur’an is divided into 30 equal parts for the convenience of those who wish to complete the whole reading in a given time.} Nabassa niya na in katluanka-jud sin Kuraan. She has already read the thirty divisions of the Holy Koran. *jugjug vt. CH 1 ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To shake (something). Ayaw jugjuga in sanga taga pugad pussukan. Don’t shake the branch with a beehive in it.    vi. pat ma-. To shake or be shaken, tremble, wobble. Najugjug in bāy namuꞌ sin linug. Our house shook from the earthquake. Cf. *hungkuy, kimbuꞌ 1

juhil-juhil adj. Romantically fond of the opposite sex (esp. of girls). Bang ha Lupaꞌ Sūg pagꞌudjuun in budjang juhil-juhil. In Jolo, a young girl who is romantically fond of boys will be made fun of. Cf. bais, malasig lasig *jūk v. ag mag-, -um-, mang-; pat -un. To insult (someone). Bang mu yan jūkun in tau yan makapagkālu kamu. If you insult that person you’ll have a quarrel.    adj. mangjujūk Prone to insult (someone). Bukun marayaw in bataꞌ mangjujūk ha maas. It’s not good when a child is prone to insult his parents. Cf. jamaꞌ-jamaꞌ, sipug jukup adj. Exactly enough, exact or proper (amount of something); (of a period of time) completed. Bukun jukup ha bulanan piyagꞌanak in bataꞌ. The child was born before the months were completed.    vi. act/pat -um-; ran -an. To be or become exactly enough, be or become the exact number or right amount. Subay na jumukup in pasahiru ampa parāganun in jīp. There have to be the right number of passengers before the jeep will leave. Pajukupun ta hangpuꞌ pilak in bayad bat way na paghūg. Make the payment exactly ten pesos so there won’t be any giving of change. julbahasa n. An interpreter, a court official of the sultan who acted as go-between or speaker between the sultan and his subjects.    v. ag mag-, -um-, mang-; pat -un. To interpret (something from one language to another); act as a gobetween. Julbahasaha in bissara niya pa Anggalis. Interpret what he said into English.    n. magjujulbahasa An interpreter. Cf. maana, suluhan Julhadjiꞌ n. The twelfth month of the Muslim calendar (having twenty-nine days, except in leap year when it has thirty days). Ha bulan Julhadjiꞌ ini, amu na in waktu paghadjiꞌ sin manga Muslim pa Makka. In the twelfth month, that’s the time Muslims make the pilgrimage to Mecca. (See bulan for table.) Julkaidda n. The eleventh month of the Muslim calendar, having thirty days. (See bulan for table.) *jullit v. ag mag-, mang-, -um-; pat -un. To tease, annoy (someone). Ayaw mu siya jullita gana-gana dugalan. Don’t tease her, she might get mad. OV SYN. langug, juri julup adj. Feebleminded, idiotic, imbecile. In tau julup kulang in akkal. An idiotic person is sub-normal in intelligence. OV SYN. dupang; Cf. babbal, asmak

Jumaat n. Friday. Marayaw magsambahayang pa masjid Jumaat sabab awn maghutbaꞌ. It’s good to pray in the mosque on Friday because there is a sermon (on that day). (See adlaw for table.) Jumadil Ahil (var. Jumadir Ahir) n. The sixth month of the Muslim calendar, having twenty-nine days. (See bulan for table.) Jumadil Awal (var. Jumadir Awal) n. The fifth month of the Muslim calendar, having thirty days. (See bulan for table.) jumla v. ag mag-, mang-, -um-; pat -un. To sum up, total (something, as money). Jumlaha in katān kiyapamīmī ku. Add up all my purchases.    n. jumlahan The sum, total amount (of something). Pila in jumlahan mu sin untung? What’s the total amount of the profit? junay (var. humay) n. Spiced cooked rice with yellow coloring wrapped in a banana leaf. OV SYN. punjung2 ; Cf. tamu *junjung v. ag -um-; pat -un. To beg, implore, beseech (someone). Jumunjung kita pa Allah bang mān kita lappasan dayn ha dusa. Let’s beseech Allah to deliver us from our sins. Junjungun ku kaniyu, ayaw niyu mulaha in manga tau ini. I beg you not to harm these people. Cf. pangayuꞌ juntay n. A few strands of hair hanging loosely (from a woman’s bun), hair hanging down in strands.    v. act/pat -um-. (For strands of hair) to hang loosely (from a bun). Jimujuntay in kaibanan buhuk niya ha harapan sin mata niya. A few strands of hair are hanging loosely in front of her eyes. Cf. pulukay junub n. Impurity, pollution, the impurity after sexual intercourse, ritual impurity. Cf. hadas *jungkal v. CH 1 ag mag-, -um-, mang-; pat -un. To raise, force or pry (something with a crowbar or pry). Subay jungkalun in manga batu yan. Those stones need to be pried out.    n. jujungkal A tool for raising or moving (something, as stones buried in the ground). *jungkat vt. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To jerk (something).    vi. act -um-. To jerk (as when startled or alarmed), jerk (as on a bumpy road). Nakajungkat aku dayn ha lingkuran pagdungug ku sin timbak. I jerked out of my seat when I heard the shot. Cf. umpak,

laksu junya (var. of dunya) n The planet Earth, the world. jural v. ag mag-, -um-, mang-; pat -un. To provoke (someone to become angry), annoy, vex (someone). Ayaw kaw mangjural kansiyu-kansiyu. Don’t you provoke just anybody. Mangiꞌ in bataꞌ mangjural ha maas. It’s bad for a child to provoke parents. Hangkan na kami nakapagkālu pasal jiyural niya aku. That’s why we’re quarreling because he provoked me. juri n. The tendency to tease someone.    v. ag mag-, -um-, mang-; pat -un. To tease (so as to annoy or provoke someone to anger). Ayaw mu siya juriha bat niya kaw diꞌ lubakun. Don’t tease her so she won’t hit you.    adj. majuri Given to teasing people. Bang kaw majuri malisuꞌ in tau kaymu. If you’re given to teasing people, they’ll be annoyed by you. OV SYN. langug; Cf. *jullit jurriyat n. Descendant, lineage (used in a religious context). Jurriyat kitaniyu hinda Apuꞌ Adam iban Apuꞌ Hawa. We are descendants of Adam and Eve. Cf. tubuꞌ 2, pangkat 1 juruꞌ n. The act of conceding or yielding (to something) in anger or spite, anything done in anger or spite. Hangkan da siya nagbana magtuy sabab juruꞌ niya ha maas niya. She got married right away in order to spite her parents.    v. ag mag-, -um-, mang-; ran -an. To concede or yield (to something) in anger, give vent to one’s anger by doing something destructive (even destructive to oneself); spite (someone); (do something) for spite. Ayaw kaw magjuruꞌ sin baran mu. Don’t give vent to your anger by destroying yourself. Diyupang mu in baran mu bang kaw magjuruꞌ diꞌ magꞌiskul. You’re fooling yourself if you stop your schooling for spite. Cf. *kanam juwalan n. Fried bananas, sweet potatoes or breadfruit. Masarap in juwalan sayng. Fried bananas are delicious. Cf. libusaw (See Appendix 7: Kinds of Confections Served at Special Occasions)    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To fry (cooking bananas, sweet potato, or breadfruit) in a large amount of oil; deep fry (these foods). Subay juwalanun na in sayng ini bābā bukun pa haluꞌ. We should deep fry these bananas while they’re still not rotten. OV SYN. buwang1; GENR. lutuꞌ 1

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Tausug-English Dictionary: Kabtangan Iban Maana

Tausug - English a

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k ka adv. Interrogative euphonic particle (not obligatory). Awn da ka sīn mu yan? Do you have some money? *ka rel. [Indicates that the item being enumerated is considered as a unit of things--not just one item. If the preceding numeral or interrogative ends in a vowel, -ng is added to it. Written joined to the preceding word and with a hyphen following.] Connects a numeral or the interrogative word pila (how many) with the word following. Pilangka-tuhug istaꞌ in binī mu? How many strings of fish did you buy? Duwangka-sipiꞌ sayng in binī ku ha tabuꞌ. I bought two hands of bananas at the market.

ka-1 prefix pfx. Nominalizer indicating the manner of doing an action (i.e., how the action was, is, or will be done). Biyaꞌdiin in kakadtu niya? How did he get there? (lit. How was his getting there?). ka-2 affix pfx. Marker of an involuntary action; marker of an action that is potentially do-able. Makakadtu sila mahapun ini. They can go there this afternoon. Karungugan sa kitaniyu bang kamu mahibuk. If you are noisy we’ll be heard (against our will). Kakitaan ku in būd dayn ha bāy namuꞌ. I can see the mountain from our house. ka-3 affix pfx. (On numerals two and above) all of (the number). Miyagad sila kaupat. All four of them came along. ka-…-an 1 affix. Denotes the abstraction of the quality named by the stem. Lumāg aku kasannyangan ha lawm atay ku. I’ll search for peace in my heart. 2 affix. A collective group of whatever the stem is. Nasunug in kabāyan. The houses collectively were burned. kaꞌ1 (see kakaꞌ) n. A term of address for an older brother or sister. kāꞌ (var. of kawaꞌ1) v To get (something). kaꞌnu adv. When (referring to past time). Kaꞌnu kaw nakaratung? When did you arrive? Cf. kuꞌnu kaꞌnuman adj. Sixty. Diꞌ makaabut kaꞌnuman. There aren’t sixty. (See umbul for table.) kaꞌpatan adj. Forty. Nakarungug kaw sin isturi ha pasal hi Ali Baba iban sin kaꞌpatan sugarul? Have you heard the story about Ali Baba and the forty thieves? (See umbul for table.) Kaaba n. The sacred Muslim shrine at Mecca (toward which believers turn when praying).{It contains a black stone believed to have been given to Abraham by the angel Gabriel.} kaagi (from ka3 + agi) 1 n. Way, means, method. Biyaꞌ diin in kaagi sin pagparayaw sin hulaꞌ bang bukun tayakkup in manga tau? What will the way of improving our country be like if the people are not united? (i.e., How will our country be improved if…). Biyaꞌ ha ini in kaagi sin paglugat nila kahapun. This is the way they argued yesterday. In kaagi niyu maghinduꞌ subay mahantap. The way you teach

should be clear. Biyaꞌdiin in kaagi ta madtu? By what means can we go there? 2 n. Way of treating (someone). Bang marayaw in kaagi mu kanila diꞌ sila mīg. If your way of treating them had been good they would not have left. kaalimatahan (see *alimata) v. To notice (something). kaamulahi n. The essential or inborn character (of something), inherent tendencies of a person, nature. In kaamulahi sin tau yan asal landuꞌ ikutan. By nature that man is a niggard. Amu na in kaamulahi sin rusas yan magdāg pa taas. The nature of those roses is to climb up. Cf. kariasali kaat v. act mag-. [Does not occur with pa₂.] (For a person) to go wrong, do things that are considered bad; (for someone’s behavior) to become bad. Magkaat sa yan in manga anak mu bang mu pasāran. Your children will go wrong if you neglect them. Ayaw kaw magkaat bang aku walaꞌ dī. Don’t do bad things when I’m not here.    adj. (Of a person or his behavior) bad (also kiyaat). OV SYN. ngiꞌ 1 kabaꞌ-kabaꞌ A butterfly. Masūb in kabaꞌ-kabaꞌ magtapuꞌ ha sumping. Butterflies are fond of landing on flowers. (See Appendix 1: Birds and Flying Insects) kabag adj. (Of a person’s ears) large and protruding. Bang ha timpu nakauna hikalingkat in kabag taynga. In the olden times large and protruding ears were considered beautiful. kaban1 n. A sacred book. Bang bukun bunnal ayaw sumapa ha kaban. If you are not telling the truth do not swear on the sacred book. OV SYN. Kuraan kaban2 n. A closed coffin. In mayat sin bisayaꞌ hipagbutang ha kaban, saꞌ in ha Muslim hibutang ha lalungan. A Christian corpse is placed in a closed coffin but among Muslims it is placed in an open coffin. OV SYN. lalungan kabang adj. Spotted, piebald (of animals, fish, material, etc.). Kabang in kuraꞌ nabī niya. The horse he bought is piebald. OV SYN. saluꞌ, lintikan, buttikan kabasāran n. The greatness, will, or power (of God). Ha lawm kita sin kabasāran sin Tuhan. We are within God’s power/will. Cf. kawasa

kābat v. ag mang-. To start to walk (as of a baby). Manga walu bulan mangābat na in bataꞌ-bataꞌ. At about eight months a baby will start to walk. OV SYN. panaw 1    n. kābatan A wooden device for keeping a small child who can’t walk yet from falling over. SYN. andadul kābaw n. A carabao. (See Appendix 4: Animals, Non-flying) *kabbat1 v. pat -un. To hurl or throw (something sharp or pointed at something) with much force. Kabbata in iruꞌ kangug sin utak. Hurl a bolo with much force at that mad dog. OV SYN. *tiluꞌ 1, *sapud *kabbat2 v. ag mag-; pat -un. To lock or close up (as a door or window of a room or house). Biyaꞌdiin in kasūd ku bang kiyakabbat in bilik mu? How can I enter your room when it’s closed up? Ayaw pagkabbata in bilik. Don’t close up the room. Cf. tambul 1 kabbul v. act/pat mag-. (For a curse or blessing) to be effective, (for a prayer or wish) to be accepted or answered (by God). Magkabbul in suknaꞌ sin tau kātuꞌ bang in hinang ta mangiꞌ sadja. A person’s curse against us will be effective if our deeds are always bad.    v. pat -un. [Does not focus agent.] (For God) to accept or grant (someone’s wish or prayer) or make (someone’s curse or blessing) effective. Mura-murahan kabbulun sin Tuhan in piyangayuꞌ-ngayuꞌ mu. May God grant you what you asked for. Kiyabbul in suknaꞌ niya ha bataꞌ-bataꞌ. Her curse on the child was made effective. OV SYN. taymaꞌ, *makbul, agad 2 kabbun n. An orchard, grove, plantation.{May contain not only fruit trees but coconuts, abaca, and bamboo.} Sūng kitaniyu mangawaꞌ bungang-kahuy pa kabbun nila. Let’s go and get some fruit in their orchard. Cf. gulangan, pantayan pantay 1 kabig adj. Bow-shaped, embowed (usu. of the legs). Kabig in biꞌtis sin babai yaun. That lady has bowshaped legs.    v. pat -un. To bend (something) inward, to render (something) bow-shaped. Ayaw kabiga in siki niya, kasakitan siya. Don’t bend her foot inward, she’ll get hurt. OV SYN. bingkuk 1, kalluk, kulluk, kawk, tabid, *lūk, kullung kabii adv. Last night. Timulak sila kabii. They set out (left) last night.

kabilaw n. A light violet medicinal vine which creeps on the ground and has transparent-blue flowers. Commelina benghalensis (See Appendix 5: Plants) kabili v. ag mag-; pat -un. To castrate, remove the testicles. Magkabili kami sin kambing usug bat masumbayꞌ. We will castrate the male goat so that it can be slaughtered. Kabilihun ku na in buyung sin iruꞌ ini. I’ll remove the testicles of this dog. Hipagkabili ku in laring mahayt ini. I’ll use this sharp knife for castration. OV SYN. īg kabkab (var. kiyab) n. A hand fan. Būsi ba aku kabkab piyasuꞌ aku yan. Please let me borrow the hand fan, I feel warm.    v. ag mag-, mang-; ran/ben -an. To fan (something). Piyasuꞌ aku yan, mangabkab pa aku. I feel warm, I’ll fan myself. Kabkaban ta kaw. I’ll fan you. *kablang n. kablangan A big expanse of ocean. Makabugaꞌ umuntas ha kablangan. It is fearful to cross a big expanse of ocean. OV SYN. paslangan    v. ag mang-…-an. [Does not occur with pa₂.] To head or set out toward a vast sea, forest, jungle, woods. Naglayag sila nangablangan. They set out sailing toward a vast sea. Kītaꞌ ku siya nangablangan pa kātian. I saw him heading toward the woods. OV SYN. luag, lakbang, gayad kablit1 n. A hemming stitch (sewing).    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To sew something with a hemming stitch, hem (a garment). Kablitun ku sadja in duhul sin badjuꞌ ini. I’ll just hem the edge of this dress. OV SYN. kumpiꞌ, langgahit kablit2 1 v. ag mag-; pat -un. To touch (something) with a flicking motion of the finger, strum (a guitar). Ayaw mu kablita in gitara yan. Don’t strum that guitar. 2 v. ran -an. To be almost affected (by something, such as a bullet or death). Kiyablitan aku sin pungluꞌ ha waktu nagꞌapas sin manglalangpas. I was almost hit by bullets the time we ran after the holdupper. kabtangan (var. kabtang) n. A word. Makahansul atay in kabtangan niya. His words really melted my heart.    v. ag mag-. [Does not occur with pa₂.] To express something in words. Subay kaw magkabtangan sin ha lawm atay mu. You should express in words what is in your heart. OV SYN. bissara, hilalaungan

derv. laung1 , pamung, lapal, kawl kabuk-kabuk n. {Archaic} A glass. Painuma siya ha kabuk-kabuk bulawan. Let him drink from the glass made of gold. kabulay n. Bangs, locks of hair around a woman’s face. Piyaguntingan niya in kabulay niya. She had her bangs trimmed. OV SYN. buhuk kabuli n. Cooked rice wrapped in a banana or teak leaf. Bang ubus na hīnang in kabuli, madtu na kitaniyu pa pagpiknikan. When the cooked rice wrapped in banana leaf is ready then let’s go to the picnic.    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To wrap cooked rice in a (banana or teak) leaf. Subay kumabuli mataud supaya diꞌ magkabus minsan mataud luruk. We should wrap plenty of rice in leaves so that we won’t run short even if there are many guests. Bugas baꞌgu in kabulihun ta ha adlaw pagtiyaun. We’ll use new rice to wrap in leaves on the day of the wedding. Cf. tamu kabus 1 adj. Lacking, incomplete, deficient, premature. Kītaꞌ mu in pagꞌanak ha bataꞌ kabus? Did you see the birth of the premature child? v. pat -un. To be lacking in, be short of, run out (of something). Kabusun kita pagkaun. We’ll run out of food. Kiyabus sila tubig. They ran out of water. Cf.: kulang2 1. 2 adj. kabus-kabus (Of a person) abnormal, mentally handicapped. Mahunit paghinduan in bataꞌ kabuskabus. It’s hard to teach a mentally handicapped child. OV SYN. kulang siput, kulang-kulang kulang2 2 (See Appendix 8: Diseases) kachaꞌ (var. of kassaꞌ) n A glass, bottle, jar. kadal (var. kadar) n. Destiny, fate. Diꞌ magliyu in kadar sin tau. A person cannot alter his fate. OV SYN. gantaan gantaꞌ 2, sukud, suratan kaddaw adv. Wishfully, hopefully. Kaddaw da mān aku magkarayahan. Hopefully I’ll get rich someday. Kaddaw da mān umulan adlaw ini. I wish it would rain today. OV SYN. bang mayan kadday n. A restaurant, eatery, small refreshment stand. Masarap in kakaun pagtugnaun ha kadday. Food cooked in a restaurant is delicious.

kadina (Tag.) n. A chain, handcuffs, shackles, fetters. Biyutangan kadina sin pulis in sugarul. The policeman placed handcuffs on the thief.    v. ag mag-; ran -an. To chain, shackle, or handcuff (someone). Kadinahi in pilisu bat diꞌ makapaguy. Chain the prisoner so he can’t escape. OV SYN. ikang-ikang, bilangguꞌ kadjang n. A palm-leaf awning or mat (used as a sunshield on a boat or on a porch, a partition within a house, walling, a roof on a temporary shelter, or to sit on. Made from sago palm [sani] leaves or sometimes canvas.) Malandag in manga kadjang ha manga Sama Dilawt. Palm-leaf awnings are very lucrative among the Badjaws. Kadjang in atup sin bāy nila. The roof of their house is palm-leaf awning. Cf. sani *kadkad v. act mag-. To toss and leave (things) in a disorderly condition (as in a search for something in a closet, file, etc.), rummage through (something). Awn tau nagkadkad sin paradul ku. Someone rummaged through my wardrobe. OV SYN. lawag 1, *lungkad kadtu (var. kattu) v. TV ag mag-; madtu goal -un. To go to or take (something) to a place (remote from both speaker and hearer). Madtu da aku mahapun ini. I’ll go there this afternoon. Kadtu na kamu pa Tiyanggi. You go there to Jolo town. Kadtuun sin pulis in manga bāy taga sinapang. The police will go to the houses of those who have guns.    v. CV 1 pat hi-. To give or take (someone something). Kadtuan na in būk biyūsan niya kaymu. Give him the book that he borrowed from you. Cf. mawn; kawn kadtu kari adj. Moving from place to place with no fixed abode, shiftless, worthless, vagabond. Ayaw kaw magpautang ha tau kadtu kari. Don’t loan your money to a vagabond.    v. ag mag-. To move from place to place, roam about. OV SYN. kāmbuyan kāgaꞌ n. A measure of capacity equivalent to ten gantas (as of rice). Namī hi amaꞌ hangka-kāgaꞌ bugas dayn ha tinda. Father bought ten gantas of rice from the store. SYN. lagaꞌ1; OV SYN. gantang; GENR. tupungan tupung kagang n. A crab (generic). Bakas kami nanangbaw kagang pa lawd. We went to trap crabs out at sea. (See Appendix 3: Seashells, Seaweeds, etc.)

kagas n. A slight mark, scratch (caused by something sharp or pointed); break, cut (esp. on a surface). Awn na kagas sin radyu ku. My radio has a scratch on it.    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To scratch, cut, or break the surface of (something). Gana-gana kagasun sin kabataan in lamisahan baꞌgu biyarnisan. The children might scratch the newly varnished table. OV SYN. kamas (See utud for table.) kagaskas (var. of kugaskas) n A rustling sound. *kagat v. CH 1 ag mag-; pat -un. To scratch a surface or skin (as with a fingernail, claw, or sharp edge of a split bamboo). Ayaw kagata in bayhuꞌ ku sin kukku mu. Don’t scratch my face with your fingernails. OV SYN. kagas, kagut, kagis, kamas kagaw n. Small vermin found in sores, germs, microbes. Tumaud in kagaw ha paliꞌ diꞌ paglanuan. Germs will grow in number if the wound is not cleaned.    v. pat -un. [Does not occur with pa₂.] To be or become infected with germs, microbes, small vermin. Ubati in ugud mu bat diꞌ kagawun. Apply medicine on your sores so that they will not be infected with germs. OV SYN. tuma kagdaꞌ (gimb. equiv. of kalaꞌ) n A time of fasting missed during the month of fasting; a time of prayer missed (of one of the five-times-daily prayers). kagingking (var. tayngting) n. The top stem of a bamboo (usu. used as a blower). In kagingking paghinangun sumpitan sin kabataan. The children use the top stem of a bamboo as a blowgun. Cf. patung1    v. act/pat mang-. (For people) to become skinny. Mangagingking sa kaw yan sin kasusahan. You’ll become skinny because of your worries. Cf. kagkag, kayug kagingkul n. The sound (of glass, earthenware, etc.) jingling, tinkling, or clinking. Unu taꞌ in kagingkul ha lawm kusina yan? What is that clinking in the kitchen?    v. act/pat mag-. (For glass, earthenware, etc.) to jingle, tinkle, clink. Magkagingkul sadja in manga basu bang siya in maghugas. The drinking glasses always clink when she washes them. Pakagingkula in sīn mu ha bulsa bat siya magkahagad. Cause your money to tinkle in your pocket so he will

believe. OV SYN. katingug, kagulkul kagis v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un, -an; ran -an. To scrape (something with a knife or similar object to clean it). Kagisi in buling ha putputan yaun. Scrape out the soot in that chimney. Subay laring in hipangagis mu sin sanga kahuy yan. You should use a knife to scrape that twig. OV SYN. *basbas kagkag adj. Thin, lean, emaciated. Kagkag in iruꞌ yan. That dog is emaciated.    v. act/pat mang-. To become thin, lean, emaciated. Mangagkag in tau bang way makaun. The people will become emaciated if they have nothing to eat. OV SYN. kayug kagud 1 vt. ag mag-; pat -un. To scrape, remove (something) by scraping. Kagura in dukut kaunun ha anglit. Scrape off the burnt rice in the pot. 2 vi. pat ma-. To be entirely consumed, be totally lost. Nakagud in sīn niya ha pagpanayaman. He lost all his money in gambling. OV SYN. ubus *kagul v. CH 1, AR ag mag-; pat -un; ran -an. To hit or rap (someone, esp. on the head as with a can or tin), tap or make a tapping sound (as of dancing in lieu of music or to catch someone’s attention, esp. a crying baby). Nagkagul sibuꞌ-sibuꞌ sin ū nila in manga pallaꞌ yaun. Those jokers are hitting each other’s heads. Kiyagul niya aku sin gayung ha ū. She hit me on the head with a water scoop. Kagulkagulan ku hi Indaꞌ kalu humundung in tangis niya. I will make a tapping sound for baby, maybe her crying will stop. OV SYN. *pukpuk, kakal kagulkul n. The sound of harsh coughing. Way aku nakatūg kabii sabab sin kagulkul hi Indaꞌ. I was not able to sleep last night because of the harsh coughing of baby. Cf. ubu kagunahan (from ka4 + guna + an₁) v. act mag-. [Does not occur with pa₂.] To need, have need of (something). Magkagunahan aku sin tabang niyu. I need your help. kagungkung n. Cuttlebone, internal shell of cuttlefish. In kagungkung kawaun dayn ha taykud sin kulabutan. The cuttlebone is taken from the back of the cuttlefish. kagut n. A mark or scratch (left after scratching the skin). Maytaꞌ awn kagut ha taykud mu? Why is there a scratch on your back?    v. CH 1 ag mag-; ran -an. To scratch (the skin). Kaguti kunuꞌ in taykud ku. Please scratch my back.

   n. kakagut Anything used to scratch the skin. Hawnu na in kakagut bakas dī biyutang? Where is the scratcher that was just placed here? OV SYN. katul, kamas kagutkut n. A sore (produced by a kind of skin disease). Nahipuꞌ sin kagutkut in tau yadtu. That man has lots of sores.    v. pat -un. [Does not occur with pa₂.] To be infected with sores. Kagutkutun kaw bang kaw diꞌ maglanuꞌ sin baran mu bakas kiyadapawan. You’ll be infected with sores if you don’t clean your body from that dirt. kahaꞌ n. A frying pan. Marayaw in kahaꞌ ini paglandang-landangan sabab diꞌ magpikit in liyandanglandang. This frying pan is good for frying because the food fried does not stick. OV SYN. simpiꞌ kahagad v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To believe or obey (something). Kahagad kaw kākuꞌ, way bihadtu bunuꞌ. Believe me, (I’ve never seen) such a war before. Diꞌ aku makakahagad sin bichara mu. I can’t believe what you’ve said. Diꞌ aku magkahagad bang ku diꞌ kakitaan. I won’t believe till I see it. Subay kaw magkahagad sin hinduꞌ sin maas mu. You must obey the counsel of your parents. OV SYN. paratsaya kahak v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To clear the throat, cough and spit. Kahak kaw bat gumuwaꞌ in kunhad. Clear your throat so the phlegm will come out. Subay kahakun in kunhad ha liug. We have to cough and spit out the mucus in the throat. Cf. igham, luraꞌ kahālan (from ka-...-an + hāl) n. The (general) condition, situation, state (of something). Makaluuy-luuy in kahālan sin manga miskin. The condition of the poor is pitiful. OV SYN. parasahan 1 kahandak n. Will, intention, purpose, desire, wish. Kahandak dayn ha Tuhan walaꞌ kami nagmula sin bunuꞌ. Through God’s will we’ve been delivered from the war. Kahandak ku namaytaꞌ kaw bang kaw pakain. I wish you had told me where you were going.    v. ag mag-. [Does not occur with pa₂.] To will, intend, desire, wish (something); have control over, decide upon. Tuhan in magkahandak sin kadal sin tau. God is the one to decide upon a person’s fate. Cf. kainagun 1 kahang adj. Spoiled, rancid.{Of cooking oil or anything cooked with such oil, esp. indigenous

confections.} Kahang na in tinapay binī ku kahapun. The bread that I bought yesterday is already spoiled.    v. act/pat -um-. To spoil. Kimahang in bawlu sabab malugay na tiyatawꞌ. The small molded sponge cakes are spoiled for they have been kept for a long time. OV SYN. baꞌlus 1, baꞌngug kahapun n. Yesterday. Dimatung siya kahapun. She arrived yesterday. Cf. kuꞌnisa, taꞌkisa, kunsūm kahawa n. Coffee. Bang kaw maghinang kahawa ayaw papīta. If you brew coffee don’t make it strong.    v. ag mag-. To brew or drink coffee. Subay na ubus magkaun ampa kitaniyu magkahawa. We will have coffee after dinner.    n. pagkahawahan A coffee shop. OV SYN. kadday *kahig 1 v. AQ ag/goal mag-, -um-; pat -un. To scratch lightly to find (something, as of a chicken looking for food). Kahigun sin manuk in ūd. The chicken will scratch for the worm. Nagkakahig in manuk ūd. The chicken is scratching for worms. OV SYN. kās 1 2 v. AR ag mag-; ran -an. To gather, scrape lightly to one place (as dirt or trash). Kiyahigan ku na in lummiꞌ. I already scraped the dirt. OV SYN. kās 1, *sapu 1; Cf. *kuhig kahuy n. Wood, tree, lumber, timber. Makamdus tuud in kahuy piyaghinang nila bāy. The wood they used in making the house is very durable. OV SYN. digpiꞌ    v. ag mang-. To gather firewood (esp. in the woods). Yadtu sila nangahuy. They are there gathering firewood.    v. pat -un. To use (something) as firewood. Kahuyun ku in batang kahuy yaun. I’ll use that log for firewood.    n. kakahuyan An area covered with trees, woody place. Mataud tuud amuꞌ naghuhulaꞌ ha kakahuyan. There are so many monkeys living in the woody place. kahuy jakkum n. The tree in paradise from which Eve ate. Kiyaun hi Sitti Hawa in bunga sin kahuy jakkum. Eve ate the fruit of the tree in paradise. kaibanan (from iban ₂) n. Others, the rest. Tawꞌi kakaun in manga kaibanan walaꞌ pa nākaun. Keep food for the others who have not yet eaten. Yari na sila. In kaibanan dumatung gana-gana. They’re here. The rest will arrive later.

   adj. Other, remaining. kāina adv. Formerly, before, a while ago, recently within the same day. Dī in duktur kāina. The doctor was here a while ago. kainagun 1 n. pagkainagun Interest and support (of someone in someone else in the form of money, knowledge, encouragement, etc.). Kagunahan ta in pagkainagun niya. We need his support. v. ag mag-; ran pag-…-an. To support (something). Sila in nagkainagun nagpaiskul kākuꞌ. They are the ones who supported me to go to school. Pagkainagunan ta subay in hinang ta. We have to give interest and support to our work. 2 n. One’s wish or desire. Kainagun ku kakitaan ku siya bihaun. My wish is that I could see him now. OV SYN. kahandak kāja n. A type of duwaa performed to appease the spirits of one’s ancestors.{When a couple is newly married, if it was the practice in one (or both) spouse’s family to perform this ceremony, they will perform it so that the ancestors will not be offended and cause the couple to be always quarreling or to be sick often. Every time the couple has a child, they will again perform it so that the ancestors will not cause the child to get sick or become deformed. The duwaa is recited by pakil in a certain place and food is offered. Then the food is taken to the family’s house and eaten by them there. It must be eaten by that family only and must be entirely consumed.}    v. ag mag-; pat -un; inst/loc pag-…-an. To perform this ceremony. In kami bang awn na paghulaꞌ namuꞌ subay na kami magkāja. We when we are married we must perform the ceremony to appease the spirits of our ancestors. Pagkājahan natuꞌ na in manuk ini. We’ll use this chicken to offer to our ancestors. Cf. duwaa pa taas, kaput1 1.1 kajariyan (var. kajarihanan) n. Character, behavior, attitude. Bukun marayaw in kajariyan niya. His behavior is not good. Mangiꞌ in kajariyan niya pa manga pagkahi niya. He has a bad attitude towards his neighbors. OV SYN. addat, tabiat, kalakkuwan, laku kakaꞌ (var. kaꞌ2) n. A term for addressing an elder brother or sister, term of respect for someone who is a few years older than the speaker (but not one’s spouse). Pakain kaw kakaꞌ? Where are you going, older brother?

kakaꞌtuwa (var. of kakawaꞌtuwa) Pliers. kakak 1 n. The quack of a duck. Diyungug mu in kakak sin itik? Did you hear the quack of the duck? v. ag mag-, -um-. To quack like a duck. 2 n. (A loud, coarse burst of) laughter. v. ag mag-, -um-. To laugh boisterously. Bukun marayaw ha manga budjang in magkakak ha dān. It is unbecoming for girls to laugh boisterously in public. OV SYN.: daghay. kakal v. CH 1 ag mag-; pat -un. To hit with a club or stick (or anything used as a club). Kiyakal siya sin banta niya. He was clubbed by his enemy. OV SYN. *pukpuk    n. kakakal A club, bludgeon, cudgel. Subay magdā kakakal in manga pulis. The policemen should carry clubs. kakanaꞌ n. Cloth, material. Bīhi aku kakanaꞌ ha tabuꞌ. Buy me cloth at the market. SPEC. kuku putiꞌ, gadja hilaw, diyandi, buwal, lanay, sutlaꞌ, dasu, bilduꞌ 1 kakap v. ag -um-; goal -un. To stop by, visit (someone). Pagkakapa in bāy namuꞌ minsan walaꞌ kami dī. Stop by our house even if we are not here. Kumakap kaw madtu kanda babuꞌ mu? Will you go to visit your aunt? Hisiyu in kakapun mu? Whom will you visit? OV SYN. bisita kakās (from CV rdp. + kās) n. A rake. Mahayt in kakās kiyabūsan ku ha bagay ku. The rake that I borrowed from my friend is sharp. kākas n. Ringworm. Awn kākas niya ha buliꞌ pugay. He has ringworm on the nape of his neck. (See Appendix 8: Diseases)    v. exp -un. [Does not occur with pa₂.] To have or become infected with ringworm. Kākasun kaw bang kaw diꞌ magbunglaw. You will be infected with ringworm if you don’t rinse with fresh water. Kiyakākas in tau yaun. That fellow has ringworm. Makakākas in magpayguꞌ ha sapaꞌ malummiꞌ. Taking a bath in a dirty river causes ringworm. OV SYN. kulap, bulitmanuk kakat 1 v. RC ag mag-. (For girls or young women) to chase one another playfully and noisily, tease one another by chasing; (for cats) to chase one another. Makasasat in manga budjang sabab nagkakakat sadja sila. The young girls are disturbing us because they’re always chasing each other.

2 v. ag mag-; pat -un. (For a groom) to chase the bride and catch her (during the wedding ceremony), for newlyweds to chase one another playfully.{In traditional Tausug marriage as a part of the wedding celebration, the bridegroom after the wedding ceremony starts courting his bride by running after her. She is shy and evasive and runs away from him while the guests watch and shout encouragement. This hilarity and playful chasing is the highlight of a wedding celebration.} Magkakat in manga pangantin. The bride and bridegroom will chase each other playfully. Pagꞌubus magkawin, in addat sin manga Tausug, subay kakatun sin usug in asawa niya. After a wedding ceremony, the Tausug custom is the man must chase his wife and catch her. kakati n. Scissors for cutting betel nut. Būsi ba aku sin kakati hi apuꞌ mu maas. Borrow me from your old granny scissors for cutting betel nut. OV SYN. gunting 1 kakaunan (from CV rdp. + kaun + -an₁) n. Plates, dishes. Malanuꞌ tuud in kakaunan piyagbutangan sin lamay. The dishes used as the container for the viand are very clean. OV SYN. lāy kakawaꞌtuwa (var. kakaꞌtuwa) n. Pliers. Diꞌ na makautud in kakawaꞌtuwa sin kawat madakmul. The pliers can’t cut the thick wire. kakayaan n. Wealth, property, belongings. Giyuwaꞌ sin ugangan niya in kakayaan nila. All their property has been exposed by her mother-in-law. Miyanaw siya ha āyan, wayruun kakitaan kakayaan. (saying) n. He traveled all over to look for a profitable business, but he didn’t find any (lit. He walked in outer space, he didn’t find any wealth). kakkal adj. Everlasting, forever, eternal. In tau katān muwiꞌ pa hulaꞌ kakkal. We are all bound for the eternal world.    v. act/pat -um-. To remain forever. Diꞌ kumakkal in manusiyaꞌ dī ha dunya. People do not remain forever here on the earth. OV SYN. kasaumulan saumul, salama-lama kakkang n. A bit (used in a horse’s mouth). In kakkang para ha kuraꞌ. The bit is for the horse.    v. ag mag-; ran -an. To place a bit in (a horse’s) mouth. Kiyakkangan niya in kuraꞌ usug. He put the bit in the stallion’s mouth. kākuꞌ pron. (First person sg. oblique pronoun) mine, to me, for me. Kākuꞌ sān! That’s mine!

kakuung (var. of kukuung) n The bar of a yoke. kalaꞌ (gimb. kagdaꞌ) n. A time of fasting or praying missed during the month of fasting or during one of the five times of daily prayer. Pila in kalaꞌ mu? How many times did you miss fasting?    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To lose or miss out (on a time of fasting or praying). Sumambahayang aku sin sambahayang nakalaꞌ ku kahapun. I will pray to make up for the prayer time I missed out on yesterday. Kalaun ku in sambahayang ku mahapun ini sabab awn panawun ku. I will miss my prayer time this afternoon because I have someplace to go. Nakalaꞌ ku in sambahayang subu. I missed the dawn prayer. OV SYN. tinggal2 kalabbiyan n. Work (done by God). In kalabbiyan sin Tuhan diꞌ kaliyuhan. God’s work can’t be surpassed. kalabusu n. Jail, prison.    v. ag mag-; pat -un. [Does not occur with pa₂.] To jail, imprison (someone). Nakalabusu siya minsan way dusa. He was imprisoned in spite of his innocence. Kalabusuhun in mundu sin pulis. The police will put the outlaw in jail. OV SYN. bilibid, jīl kalagihan (from ka4 + lagi + -an₁) n. What is needed, state of need or necessity, usefulness, value. Kalu bahaꞌ awn kalagihan namuꞌ sin atup mital ha dugaing adlaw. Maybe we will have a need for the galvanized iron roof on another day.    v. act/pat mag-. To need (something). Magkalagihan aku bāy. I need a house. Tawaga aku bang kaw magkalagihan kākuꞌ. Call me if you need me. Magkalagihan duguꞌ in tau iyupirahan. A person being operated on needs blood. OV SYN. kagunahan derv. guna kalakkuwan n. Habit or (habitual) character, behavior (esp. of men). Marayaw in kalakkuwan niya. He has a good character. OV SYN. kajariyan kalamat (gimb. equiv. of karamat) n The power (of a person) to perform miracles. kalang1 n. Broken pieces of dead coral along the shore, coral grit. Pūt kaw kalang ha higad dagat. You pick up coral grit at the sea shore.    adj. makalang Having plenty of broken coral. Makalang in higad dagat. The seashore is full of

broken coral. kalang2 v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un; goal/ben -an. To sing (normally of people only). Kalang kaw. You sing. Kalanga in Hanugun. Sing the song Hanugun. Kalangi kami. Sing for us. OV SYN. baat, luguꞌ, sail, tarasul    n. kalangan A song. Malingkat tuud in kalangan pasal sin lasa sin Tuhan ha mānusiyaꞌ. The song about the love of God for man is really beautiful.    n. mangangalang A singer. Mangangalang in anak babai sin bagay ku. The daughter of my friend is a singer. kalap v. act/pat -um-. To become greater, increase in degree or extent. Kimalap in karupangan niya. His foolishness has increased. Kimalap in lasa niya kākuꞌ. His love for me increased greatly. Kimalap in kusug sin hinglaw niya. The strength of his fever is increasing (i.e., his fever is getting higher). OV SYN. landuꞌ, duhun, kansang, karuk, sūng 2 kalapiya n. {Rare} A rubber band. Kalapiya in iyusal niya piyaghukut sin buhuk niya. She used a rubber band to tie her hair. OV SYN. gūma kalari n. Taro (a large tropical plant of the arum family with shield-shaped leaves and edible tuber); the tuber of this plant. Colocasia esculenta (See Appendix 5: Plants) kalas adj. Pinkish, pink (in color). Kalas in badjuꞌ niya kahapun. She wore a pink dress yesterday. kalasussu n. Any type of empty gun or cannon shell, a blank cartridge without powder or bullet. In kamawmuhan sin kalasussu tumbaga. Most empty shells are of brass. Cf. pungluꞌ 1 kalawaliꞌ n. A hinge. kaldang n. Stilts. Mataas in kaldang ku. My stilts are tall.    v. TR ag mag-; goal -un. To walk on stilts. Nagkaldang hi Bada. Bada is walking on stilts. kaliꞌ n. A hole, excavation. Awn kaliꞌ sin dān paglabayan sin manga sasakatan. There is a hole on the road where vehicles pass.    n. kakaliꞌ A tool for digging. Kāa ba in kakaliꞌ biyutang ku ha buriga. Please get the tool for digging

I put in the warehouse. OV SYN. pāla    v. AR ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To dig a hole. Kalian ku in lupaꞌ ini ha supaya kapagbutangan basura sunugun. I’ll dig a hole in this soil so that there’ll be a place to put garbage to be burned.    v. AQ pat -un. To dig for (something), locate (something) by digging, dig (something) up. Kaliun ta in lubung ha babaw būd. Let’s dig up that old hole on top of the mountain. OV SYN. kalut kalimah (Ar.) n. Word, message.    n. kalimatullah The word of God.    n. kalimatuꞌl-ssahadat The word of testimony, Muslim creed (i.e., the formula ‘I testify that there is no god but God, and that Muhammad is the apostle of God.’) kalingkal (var. katilingkal) n. The entirety (of a place), circumference (of a circle or circular area). Awn lingug ha kalingkal sin dunya. There is trouble in the entirety of (i.e., throughout) the world. kalis n. A kris (the famous two-edged sword of Sulu). Tiyakus niya in kalis niya. He sheathed his kris. OV SYN. barung, puddang kalisa n. A light, two-wheeled carriage with a hood, drawn by one horse; local-style cabriolet.    v. ag mag-. To ride on such a carriage. Mabayaꞌ kaw magkalisa? Do you want to ride on a cabriolet? OV SYN. karitaꞌ kalkawthar (Ar.) n. The heavenly fountain, fountain of blessings.{Of unbounded grace and knowledge, mercy and goodness, touch of wisdom that satisfies a person’s highest spiritual thirst.} tubig kalkawthar (comp.) n. The holy water in heaven. Kallam 1 n. Word or message of God. Kallam sin Allah in ha lawm Kitab. The Holy Scripture is the word of Allah. OV SYN. lapal, kabtangan, bichara 1, himumungan derv. pamung, amanat, parman 2 n. The Mystical Pen spoken of in the Holy Koran. kalling 1 adj. Very dark-complexioned (esp. of black people). Kalling in Milikan itum. Black Americans are very dark-complexioned. Cf. mairum *irum, itum 2 v. act/pat mang-. (For bread, cookies, fish, and other foods) to get badly burned. Nangalling na in tinapay. The bread got badly burned. Cf. tutung, sunug

kallit n. The end (of thread, cord, ribbon, crepe paper, wire) that is curled, twirled, or twisted; the curly end (of the hair of one’s head). Uturi in kallit sin buhuk niya. Cut the curly end of her hair.    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To twirl, twist, or curl (the end of something such as the hair of one’s head, thread, cord, ribbon, crepe paper, wire). Ayaw kallita in buhuk ku. Don’t twist the ends of my hair. Mahunit makallit in kawat ini. It’s hard to twist this wire. Cf. lantik kalluꞌ adj. Unable to speak well, having an impediment in the speech, tongue-tied. Asal siya kalluꞌ dayn ha kapagꞌanak kaniya. She has a congenital impediment in her speech. Cf. umaw (See Appendix 8: Diseases)    v. pat ma-. To become tongue-tied. Bang in tau magbissara mabiskay tantu makalluꞌ siya. If a person speaks fast he will become tongue-tied. kalluk adj. Curved, bent. Kalluk in bingit. A hook is curved.    vt. CH 1 ag mag-; pat -un. To curve or bend (something). Kallukun ku in ini. I’ll bend this. Hisiyu in makakalluk sin basiꞌ ini? Who can bend this steel? Diꞌ makalluk in basiꞌ ini. This steel cannot be bent.    vi. ST pat ma-. To be or become bent, curved. OV SYN. kulluk, *lūk; Cf. kawk kalnaꞌ (gimb. equiv. of karnaꞌ) n A reason; cause. *kalsa v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To set the hammer (of a gun) in firing position, cock (a gun). Ayaw kaw magkalsa sinapang ha bāy. Kublaan in manga bataꞌ. Don’t cock a gun in the house. The children will be startled. kalsitin (var. karsitin) n. A sock (short stocking reaching only part way to the knee).    v. ag mag-. To wear socks. Magkalsitin aku iban magtawmpaꞌ. I will wear socks and shoes. kalsu n. Something used to elevate an object slightly from the ground or something on which it is resting.    v. AR ag mag-; ran -an. To elevate an object slightly, put a wedge underneath (something). Kalsuhi in hāg hawpuꞌ bat magsibuꞌ in taas sin katān hāg sin bāy. Put a wedge underneath the short post so that the height of all the house posts will be the same. SYN. tingal kālu n. Trouble, quarrel. Unu in puun sin kālu nila? What was the cause of their quarrel?

   v. ag mag-; pat -un; ran pag-…-an. To provoke or cause trouble, quarrel (with someone). Kiyālu niya aku. He picked a quarrel with me. Maytaꞌ kaw mabayaꞌ magkālu iban aku? Why do you want to quarrel with me? OV SYN. lingug    n. pangālu A quarrelsome person, troublemaker. Pangālu siya. He is a troublemaker. kalu-kalu adv. Possibly, maybe, perhaps. Kalu-kalu aku makauwiꞌ kunsum. Perhaps I’ll be able to come home tomorrow.    v. ag mag-. To be uncertain of something. Ayaw kaw magkalu-kalu bang kītaꞌ mu. If you saw it then don’t be uncertain. Cf. marayꞌ, hatiku kalua n. A co-wife, the relationship between wives of the same man.    v. act/pat mag-. (For women) to be co-wives (i.e., married to the same man at the same time). Magkalua in duwa magbagay. The two friends are co-wives. kalug n. Ascaris, parasitic roundworms.    adj. makalug Infected with many worms. Makalug in bataꞌ yan. That child is infected with many worms.    v. pat -un. To become infected with roundworms. Kalugun kaw bang kaw diꞌ maghugas marayaw. You’ll get roundworms if you don’t wash well. OV SYN. ūd, sassing kalug lupaꞌ (comp.) v. An earthworm. Ayaw kaw magkaput lupaꞌ sabab mataud kalug lupaꞌ. Don’t touch the ground, there are many earthworms. kalulay n. White marks (left on a woman’s stomach, legs, or thighs after delivery or first menstruation). Mataud in kalulay niya ha paa pagꞌubus nagꞌanak. She has a lot of white marks after she delivered her baby. kalung n. Dirt or grime in the wrinkles of the body (i.e., around the neck, in the armpits, behind the elbows and knees, and in the groin). Lanui in kalung ha liug mu. Wash away the grime from around your neck.    v. pat -un. To get dirt in the wrinkles of the body; be grimy. Pamayguꞌ kaw madtu kiyakalung kaw. Go take a bath (for) you’re grimy. OV SYN. lubag kalut n. A hole or excavation in the ground. Malawm in kalut hīnang nila. The hole they made is deep.

   v. ag mag-; pat -un; ran -an. To dig (a hole in the ground), dig for (something in the ground), dig the surface (as a chicken or dog scratches); scratch one’s head or an itch on any part of the body. Jagahi in jambangan, kalutun sin manuk. Keep watch on the plants, the chickens will dig for them. OV SYN. kaliꞌ kama n. A cot, small bed for one person. Tawꞌi kami kama ha kappal. Reserve cots for us on the boat. Cf. kantil kamalig n. A (private) storehouse (for harvested grain). Tawꞌan in pāy ha kamalig. Keep the unhusked rice in the storehouse. OV SYN. bāy-bāy bāy kamamau n. The lower abdomen. Masakit in kamamau niya. His lower abdomen is painful. (See Appendix 6: The Parts of the Body) kamanyan n. Incense. Pagtugtug kaw kamanyan bang Jumaat bat maguy in saytan. You burn incense on Fridays so the demons will leave. OV SYN. hiyu kamas n. A scratch. Awn kamas ha bayhuꞌ niya. He has a scratch on his face.    v. CH 1 ag mag-; pat -un. To scratch (something). Kamasa ba in taykud niya. You scratch his back. Nakamas aku sin kuting. The cat scratched me.    n. kakamas Something used for scratching, scratcher. Nabaliꞌ in kakamas ku. My scratcher is broken. OV SYN. kagas kamataan (see mataan) kamattiyan 1 n. The death remembrance celebration held on the thousandth day after a person’s death. In kamattiyan amu na in hinang katapusan ha tau miyatay. The 1000th-day remembrance celebration is the last celebration for a person who has died. (See hinang for table.) 2 n. A death remembrance celebration held on the first and subsequent anniversaries of a death. (See hinang for table.) kamayaꞌ v. ag mag-, -um-. [Often unaffixed.] To be careful, cautious, discreet. Kamayaꞌ kaw maghugas sin manga kakaunan bat diꞌ mabagbag. Be careful in washing the dishes so they won’t be broken.    adj. makamayaꞌ Careful, cautious, discreet. Subay kaw makamayaꞌ sin hibissara mu kaniya. You

must be discreet with what you say to her. OV SYN. *agak kamayu n. An infection (of a wound or sore). Siyūd kamayu in hubag niya. Infection has set in in his swelling. OV SYN. ulꞌul    v. pat -un. (For a wound or sore) to be or become infected. Ubati in paliꞌ mu bat diꞌ kamayuhun. Apply medicine on your sore so that it doesn’t become infected. kambal 1 n. Multiple births (esp. twins), a double-yoked egg, a double banana. Nagꞌanak hi Amina kambal. Amina delivered twin babies. OV SYN. dubli kambal suut (comp.) n. Siamese twins. 2 n. A spirit-being believed to be the twin of one’s own spirit. adj. kambalan Having a twin spirit. Kambalan in bataꞌ yan, hangkan nasasakit sadja. That child has a twin spirit, that’s why he’s always sick. kambang tuli n. A tree 5-10 meters high (the leaves of which are (1) mixed with rice and then ground into powder and used as a cosmetic, (2) boiled and the water is drunk as medicine). (See Appendix 5: Plants) kambay v. ag mag-; pat -un. To wave (with the hand). Hisiyu in nagkambay yadtu kākuꞌ? Who is there waving at me? Kambaya siya bang makalabay. If she passes by wave to her. Kaingatan mu bang sila duun bang kaw kambayun sin lima. You’ll know if they are there when they wave to you with their hands. kambing n. A goat. Magsumbayꞌ sila kambing bang haylaya. They’ll slaughter a goat when it’s the festival. (See Appendix 4: Animals, Non-flying) kambut n. A strap of cloth used as a belt.    v. AR ag mag-; ran -an. To fasten such a belt around one’s waist, furnish (pants) with such a belt. Kambuti in sawwal mu. Fasten your loose pants with a strip of cloth. OV SYN. kandit, sinturun kambut-kambut n. An amulet (tied around the waist). Subay mu ayaran in kambut-kambut mu. You must take good care of your amulet. OV SYN. hampan, adjimat kāmbuyan adj. Wandering from place to place, living a vagrant life. In tau kāmbuyan way kasūngan niya.

A vagrant person has no future.    v. ag mag-; goal -un. To wander from place to place, roam. In tau magkāmbuyan way hulaan niya. A man who wanders from place to place has no home. OV SYN. sāsab kamdus 1 n. Firmness, durability (of material objects). v. act/pat -um-, mag-. (For an object) to be or become firm, strong, durable. Diꞌ kumamdus in hukut bang diꞌ dublihun. The string won’t be strong enough if you don’t double it. adj. makamdus Durable, firm, lasting, strong; (of a person) strong, firm, healthy. Makamdus in tawmpaꞌ bāta. Bata shoes are durable. OV SYN.: *pagun, tatas. 2 v. act/pat -um-, mag-. (For one’s heart or mind) to be or become firm and strong. Ayaw kaw masusa, saꞌ pakamdusa in atay mu. Don’t worry, but make your heart firm and strong. v. ran pang-…-an. To base (one’s) firm trust in (something). Pangamdusan ku in janjiꞌ niya. I base my firm trust in his promise. kami pron. (First person pl. exclusive topic pronoun) we, to us, for us. Diꞌ mu kami dihilan? Aren’t you going to give us some? kamisita n. A T-shirt. In kamisita sagnat way buktun niya. A sleeveless T-shirt has no sleeves.    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To wear a T-shirt. Kamisitahun ku na in kamisita ku baꞌgu. I will wear my new T-shirt.    v. ran -an. To put a T-shirt on someone. Kamisitahan ku in bataꞌ. I’ll put a T-shirt on the child. Cf. kuttang kamisun n. A chemise, slip. In kamisun sin nakauna awn bulsa. The old time chemise had pockets. kampil n. A woven container (of coconut leaves used for keeping fruit or raw or cooked provisions). Butangan ha kampil in manga pagkaun natuꞌ yan. Put our food inside a woven container. OV SYN. tambusaꞌ, tampipiꞌ, japang, suꞌgub kampilan n. A long, two-handed, bladed weapon (rarely seen or used in recent times). kampung n. Kindred, relatives (not including parents, children, or siblings). Mataud kampung ku ha Manila. I have lots of relatives in Manila.

   v. act/pat mag-. To be related, be relatives. Magkampung kami kay Hamid. Hamid and I are relatives.    v. ag mang-. To determine the kinship relationship between individuals; claim or assert a kin relationship (with someone). Nangampung siya kākuꞌ pagꞌingat niya magpangtungud in apuꞌ namuꞌ. When he found out that our grandparents were cousins then he tried to discover what his relationship was to me. Nangangampung siya kāmuꞌ. He is asserting that he is our kin. OV SYN. lahasiyaꞌ1 1 kamput (var. of kaput1) v To seize, grasp, or take hold of (something); take charge of (something). kamu pron. (Second person pl. topic pronoun) you. Pila kamu in mari kunsūm? How many are you who are coming tomorrow? kāmuꞌ pron. (First person pl. exclusive oblique pronoun) ours, to us, for us. Bukun kāmuꞌ in luluwanan yan. That luggage is not ours. Dīhil niya kāmuꞌ in lupaꞌ ini. He gave this land to us. kamut (var. kawmut1) n. A handful. Tugnaꞌ kaw hangka-kamut bugas. Just cook a handful of rice.    v. ag mag-, -um-, mang-; pat -un. To scoop (something) with the hand. Kamuti kita hangka kamut asin. Scoop me a handful of salt. Bang kaw magkamut bugas ayaw mu hadja asagan. Don’t just spill out the rice when you scoop it with your hand. kan rel. Oblique personal marker (used with proper names and with the personal interrogative pronoun siyu). Kansiyu in bāy ini? Whose house is this? Dāha madtu kan Sali in laring ini. Please carry this knife to Sali. *kanam v. ag mag-; ran pag-…-an. To give vent to one’s emotions, go on a spree, (either in a fit of anger [evidenced by sulking or raging and striking out at people and things] or by abusing and lavishly using something which has been suddenly acquired [as wealth or freedom]). Ayaw pagkanami in manga bataꞌ. Don’t strike out at the children when you’re angry. In babai kiyukuddam bang makaguwaꞌ magkanam. A girl who has been kept in and shut up is likely to abuse her freedom when she gets out. OV SYN. juruꞌ kanaptapan n. A feeling of peace or assurance. Way kanaptapan sin atay ku bang in tau mangiꞌ diꞌ mamayhuꞌ pa parinta. I have no feeling that there will be peace if the bad elements do not surrender to the government.

kanat adj. Dispersed, scattered, divided, not intact.    vt. ag mag-; pat -un; ran -an. [Often rdp.] To disperse, scatter, divide up (people or things). Ayaw kamu magkanat sin kajinisan niyu pawyu-pawyu. Don’t just scatter your things around. Pagkanatan nila sadja lummiꞌ in bilik ini. They are always scattering dirt in this room. Magkanat-kanat kitaniyu ha supaya diꞌ nila katilasan. Let us scatter ourselves so that they won’t recognize us. OV SYN. jagjag    vi. pat ma-. To be or become scattered or dispersed. Ha waktu sin pagbunuꞌ nakanat kami magtalianak. During the war members of our family were dispersed. OV SYN. pulak-palik    n. kanat-kanat A bill of small denomination, change. Pasambia ba aku kanat-kanat. Please let me change (my bill for) bills of small denominations. OV SYN. pisita *kanaw-kanaw 1.1 v. act/pat mag-. To be hazy or not clear to one’s vision. Magkanaw-kanaw in pangatud ku bang masuꞌ tuud in suga. My vision becomes hazy when the sun is bright. Magkanawkanaw in dagat bang mahangin. The sea is not clear when it is windy. 1.2 v. act/pat mag-. (For one’s eyes) to be close to tears. Nagkanaw-kanaw na in mata niya. Her eyes are close to tears. 2 v. To change colors (as of some gems). Magkanaw-kanaw in sahaya sin intan. A diamond changes colors. OV SYN. hinu-hinu kanaway n. The name of a wind that blows from the northwest. (See hangin for table.) kanda rel. Pl. of kan. kandang n. A plot (of ground set aside for burial purposes), cemetery. Ha Gandasuli in kandang pangubulan ha manga Muslim. The Muslim plot for burying is in Gandasuli. kandaru n. A padlock.    v. ag mag-; pat -un; ran -an. To lock (something with a padlock). Kiyakandaru in malita niya. His suitcase is locked. Kandaruhan ku in baul ku ini. I’ll put a lock on this trunk of mine. OV SYN. kunsiꞌ, kansing kandī (gimb. kandil) adj. Different, separate. Kandī tuud in dagbus niya dayn ha manga taymanghud niya. She really looks entirely different from her brothers and sisters.

   v. ag mag-; pat -un. To separate, set apart. Kandīhun ta in itum dayn ha putiꞌ. We will separate the black from the white. OV SYN. dugaing kandiis n. Dimples (on the face). Kiyalingkat in kandiis niya. She looks nice with her dimples.    adj. kandiisan Having dimples. kandit n. A man’s sash.{Worn at the waist esp. in conjunction with the tight-fitting pants of the olden days.} OV SYN. kambut *kanduꞌ v. act/pat mag-. To droop the head (as of someone sleepy). Nagkanduꞌ siya sin karuꞌ. He is drooping his head with sleep. *kandung v. ag mag-; pat -un. To carry (a baby) in the womb, carry (something in one’s skirt). Siyam bulan in lugay sin bataꞌ kandungun sin inaꞌ ampa hipagꞌanak. A baby is carried nine months in the womb before it’s born. Kandunga in buwahan ha badjuꞌ mu. Carry those lanzones in your skirt. (See dā for table.) kandut v. ag mag-; pat -un. To carry (a child) in the womb; carry (something) in something tied around (one’s) waist. Magkandut siya sin mampallam dayn ha gimba pa bāy. She is carrying the mangoes in something tied around her waist from the interior to the house. Siyam bulan in bataꞌ kandutun sin inaꞌ. The mother carries her child nine months (in the womb). (See dā for table.) kanila pron. (3rd person pl. oblique pronoun) theirs, to them, for them. Kanila in istaꞌ. The fish are theirs. Dāha na madtu kanila. Take it to them. kaniya pron. (3rd person sg. oblique pronoun) his, hers, its; to him/her/it, for him/her/it. Kaniya in būk yan. That book is hers. Tiluan madtu kaniya in būla. Throw the ball to him. kaniya-kaniya pron. Each one. Kaniya-kaniya kitaniyu magsukay. Each of us will pay his own fare. kaniyu pron. (Second person pl. oblique pronoun) yours; to you, for you. Kaniyu in bāy ini? Is this house yours? kanjiꞌ n. Paste, glue, wrapping paper (esp. used for kites).    v. AR ag mag-; ran -an. To paste paper on a frame (as a kite or star). Kanjian ku na in tāguriꞌ. I’ll paste

the paper on kite frames. OV SYN. *pikit 1.1, luway-luway *kannal v. ag mang-; pat -un. To think deeply or seriously, reflect, contemplate, meditate, ponder. Subay mu kannalun in pagꞌammal ibādat mu. You should think seriously of your spiritual life. OV SYN. pikil, taliꞌ pangannal (derv.) n. Mistaken thought, presumption; way of thinking, consciousness. kansang n. Persistence, strong and rapid frequency, seriousness (of illness). Way bihayan in kansang sin pagtimbak! The rapidity of the shooting was really something!    v. ST aux mag-; ran -an. To be or become frequent, persistent, prevalent, strongly addicted to; (for illness) to become serious. Kiyansangan siya sin sakit tiyan. His stomachache became serious.    adj. makansang Frequent, persistent, incessant, addicted to. Makansang in pagtakaw ha tabuꞌ. There’s frequent stealing in the market. Makansang siya magꞌinum alak. He is strongly addicted to drinking liquor. OV SYN. duhun kansing n. A hook or bolt. Way kansing sin tandawan ini. There are no bolts on these windows.    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To lock, hook, bolt, or zipper (something) shut. Kansinga in lawang. Bolt the door. OV SYN. tambul 1    v. ST pat magpang-. (For one’s teeth) to be clenched (as in anger or pain), (for one to) have lockjaw. Magpangansing in ipun sin tau taga titanus. A person with tetanus has lockjaw. OV SYN. *agiut kansisilyu (Tag.) n. Men’s underwear, drawers. OV SYN. sannyawa kansub v. ST pat mag-; ran -an. To be or become full or satisfied (by eating food or enjoying something such as wealth or sex). Kaun kaw pagpakansub. Eat your fill (satisfy yourself). Kiyansuban tuud in manga bisita. The visitors are well satisfied (with food). Kiyansuban tuud in manga sugarul yaun sin hulas sangsaꞌ ku. Those crooks are really satisfied with (the wealth) I worked for. kantil n. A bed, bedstead. Bukun kantil in katān pagtutūgan. Not all sleeping places are beds. OV SYN. kama kānting n. Ankle. Aruy! masakit in kānting ku. Ouch! my ankle is painful. (See Appendix 6: The Parts of the Body)

kanuus n. A large squid. Magꞌanggil in kanuus iban kulabutan. Large squids and cuttlefish look alike. OV SYN. tābulla (See Appendix 2: Fish and Swimming Marine Creatures) kangiꞌ (from ka-3 + ngiꞌ) vi. act/pat mag-, -um-. To become bad, go wrong. Kimangiꞌ in kawman pasalan mu. The community became bad because of you. Bang kumangiꞌ in makina yan ikaw in magdayaw. If something goes wrong with that machine you have to fix it. Bang lumugay in armi mamarinta mataud magkangiꞌ. If the army will stay long to govern many people will become bad. Nagkangiꞌ in hīhinang niya. Her work went wrong (i.e, she made mistakes in it).    vt. pat -un. To make (something) bad, defective, undesirable; destroy (something). Piyarayaw ku in makina ku kaniya, gam mān niya kiyangiꞌ. I had him repair my engine, instead he destroyed it. OV SYN. larak kangkang adj. Pointing or sticking outward (as of toes or fingers), disheveled (as of hair). Kangkang in gulamay siki sin tau yan. The toes of that fellow are sticking outward. OV SYN. kabag    v. act/pat mang-. To stick out the arms and hands (as of someone shot, electrocuted or extremely afraid), (for one’s) limbs to become stiff and distorted. Mangangkang in tau bang kudjutun. The limbs of people being executed become stiff and distorted. Nangangkang siya sin bugaꞌ ha lutaw. His limbs became stiff and distorted with fear of the ghosts. kāngug 1 adj. Crazy, insane, psychopathic, mad, lunatic, frenzied. Piyagtiluꞌ sin manga bataꞌ in tau kāngug. The children threw stones at the crazy fellow. v. pat -un. To be or become insane, lose one’s senses or reason, go mad. Kiyangug siya sabab sin anak niya miyatay. She lost her reason because her son died. n. kakangugan Craziness, insanity, madness, senselessness. In kakangugan niya way miyaguy. His senselessness was such that he didn’t even flee. OV SYN.: dupang. (See Appendix 8: Diseases) 2 v. ag mag-. To do foolish or wrong things. Magkāngug in manga tau bang way na saraꞌ. People do wrong things when there’s no more law. kanyamun n. A big coiled rope (usu. used for a big anchor), anchor cable, hawser. Subay kanyamun in paghukut bahudjiꞌ bat diꞌ mabugtuꞌ. We should use a big coiled rope to tie an anchor so it (the rope) won’t break. OV SYN. lubid

kanyun n. A cannon.    v. ag mag-; goal -un. To fire a cannon; shell (something). Itungan adlaw-adlaw in magkanyun ha Lupaꞌ Sūg. They shell almost every day in Jolo. OV SYN. ispil, lantakaꞌ kapa n. An ax, hatchet.    v. CH 1 ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To cut (something) with an ax. Kapaha kunuꞌ kākuꞌ in kahuy ini. Will you cut this wood for me with your ax? kapāla n. Master, leader, head (of an organization). Hi Sulayman in kapāla sin parhimpunan. Sulayman is the head of the organization. OV SYN. nakuraꞌ, halipa kapan n. {Archaic} A shroud. Kapan in pagputus sin baran sin tau patay. A shroud is used to wrap a dead person’s body. OV SYN. saput kapanpanan adj. (With negative diꞌ) unequalled, unparalleled, unsurpassed, incomparable. Diꞌ kapanpanan in isug sin Tausug. The valor of the Tausug is unparalleled. Diꞌ kapanpanan in lanab sin kakaun liyutuꞌ mu. The good taste of the food you cooked is incomparable. OV SYN. *banding kapang v. ag; mag-, -um-. To lie in a prone position. Kapang kaw. Lie on your stomach.    v. goal -un. To approach (someone) by crawling (with the intention to harm or steal from him).    v. ran -an. To throw oneself on (something) in a prone position. Kiyapangan in manghud sin magulang niya hangkan timangis. The older one threw herself on the younger, that’s why the younger one cried. OV SYN. daub kapatas n. A man in charge of a group of workers in a building, road construction, etc.; foreman. Kapatas in magdihil sin gadji sin manga maghihinang. It’s the foreman who gives wages to those working.    v. ag mag-. To be or act as a foreman. Diꞌ siya mabayaꞌ magkapatas. He doesn’t want to be the foreman. OV SYN. mandul kapatus (var. of sapatus) n A shoe. kapay n. A propeller (of a boat or ship). Diꞌ makarāgan in kappal bang way kapay. The ship can’t run without a propeller.

   v. ran -an. [Does not occur with pa₂.] To provide a propeller (for a boat or ship). Cf. bansān kapaya 1 n. A papaya tree. Carica papaya (See Appendix 5: Plants) 2 n. Papaya (fruit). Malunuk in unud sin kapaya. The meat of a papaya is soft. kapil (var. kapir) n. An infidel, unbeliever (esp. one not following Islam). Pangayuan ta duwaa in manga kapil. We’ll pray for the unbelievers. kapin n. Remainder, balance, leavings, remnant, ruins, leftovers (as food or clothes). Amu ini in kapin dīhil niya kākuꞌ. These are the leftovers which he gave me.    v. AR ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To leave (something, as food for latecomers or work undone). Ayaw mu na kapinan in mahinang mu adlaw yan. Don’t leave any work undone which you could do today. (Do it now.) Way mu kami kiyapinan. You didn’t leave anything for us. OV SYN. bīn kapitira n. A coffeepot or teapot. SYN. patikuwan kapituwan adj. Seventy. Kapituwan pilak in sukay. The fare is seventy pesos. (See umbul for table.) kapiyalu n. Sunstroke.    v. ST pat -un. To have or develop a sunstroke. Ayaw na kaw magpasuga kapiyaluhun kaw. Don’t stay long in the sun, you’ll have a sunstroke. *kapkap v. ag mang-; ran -an. To touch in such a manner as to feel for (something, as of someone searching someone for a concealed item), grope for a woman in the dark (for illicit sexual intercourse). Mangiꞌ in mangapkap. It is bad to grope in the dark for a woman. Cf. *iyut, *wati, *usibaꞌ 1, jina kappal n. A ship (of modern times, with iron hull).    v. TR ag mag-; goal -un. To travel by ship. Magkappal kami pa Sungsung. We’ll travel by ship to Hongkong. OV SYN. buti, adjung, lansa kappal lupad (comp.) n. An airplane. kappal asu (comp.) n. A steamer. kappal layag (comp.) n. A sailing ship. kapsiyu n. A kettle (for boiling water), teakettle. OV SYN. siliꞌ

kapu-kapu n. Mildew, mold.    v. pat -un. To be or become moldy, musty. Kiyapu-kapu na in bilik niya. His room is musty. OV SYN. baguꞌbuꞌ kapug 1 n./adj. Leftover food. Diꞌ siya kumaun kapug kaunun. She won’t eat leftover rice. Cf.: kapin. v. CH 1 ag mang-; pat -un. To eat leftover food. Kapugun ku in kaunun ini bat diꞌ makawgun. I’ll eat this leftover rice so it won’t be wasted. Mangapug kita kaunun bat kita diꞌ hapdiun. Let’s eat some leftover food so we won’t get hungry. v. pa-…-un To hold food over as leftovers. Ayaw pakapuga in kakaun ini. Kaunun ta na. Don’t hold this rice as leftovers. Let’s eat it now. 2 adj. (Of baked goods or confections) stale. v. ST pat -um-; pat ma-. (For baked goods or confections) to become stale. Makapug in tinapay ini bang mu diꞌ kaunun. This bread will become stale if you don’t eat it. kapuk n. Tree cotton, kapok. Marayaw paghinangun ūan in kapuk. Kapok is good when made into pillows. Cf. gapas Ceiba pentandra (See Appendix 5: Plants)    n. rdp. A name given to several plants with seed pods containing silky hairs, like the kapok. kapul v. ag mag-; pat -un. To embalm (someone), stuff (animals). Kapulun ku in manuk-manuk ini. I’ll stuff this bird. Mangiꞌ magkapul patay bang ha Muslim. It’s not good to embalm a corpse according to Muslims. kapun v. ag mag-; pat -un. To castrate (an animal). Kiyapun nila in kambing. They castrated the goat. SYN. kabili kapunyahan n. Usefulness, worth, value, use. Bīhun ta in lupaꞌ yan karnaꞌ awn kapunyahan niya ha susūngun. Let’s buy that land because we will have a use for it in the future. OV SYN. lagi, guna kaput1 (var. kamput) 1.1 v. AR ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To seize, grasp, take hold of, hold on to (something). Kaputi kākuꞌ in lubid ini. Hold this rope for me. Kaput kaw mahugut bat kaw diꞌ mahulug. Hold tight so you won’t fall. OV SYN. ulin 1.2 v. ag -um-. To uphold (one’s honor). Subay kaw kumaput sipug sabab sīpug niya kaw ha mayran.

You should uphold your honor because he shamed you in public. n. The thing held to (hence one’s honor, integrity, faith or belief). Magkāja in kaput niya. His belief is that he should perform the kāja ceremony. 2 n. The person in charge (of something). Siya in kaput balanjaꞌ. She is the one in charge of expenses. v. ag mag-, -um-. To take charge of (something). Siya in magkaput sin paghinang. She’ll take charge of the affair. kaput balis (comp.) v. The leader of soldiers, (cap.) armed forces. Subay pakusugun in Kaput Balis sin Pilipinas. The Armed Forces of the Philippines should be strengthened. kaput2 n. Waste, trash. Haunu kaw magbugit sin kaput yan? Where will you throw that trash? *kara-kara v. ag mang-; goal -an. To talk wildly in a loud unpleasant voice (usu. in anger). Miyari hi Abu nangara-kara. Abu came talking loudly. Kiyara-karahan hi Babuꞌ in manga bataꞌ. Auntie talked in a loud, unpleasant voice to the children. OV SYN. lata 1, pamūngmūng karajum adj. {Archaic} (Of the ocean) deep. In dagat karajum amu in malawm tuud. The deep ocean, that’s the very deep place. Cf. tawid karamat (gimb. kalamat) n. The power (of a person) to perform miracles. Awn karamat sin karatuan nakauna. The old-time datus (chiefs) had miraculous power. OV SYN. muꞌjijat kārang adj./adv. Hurried(ly); fast (of running or walking. Of the posture of one who is running or walking fast). Kārang na siya miyanaw. He walked hurriedly. OV SYN. kasay 1, ūs-ꞌūs kararak n. Diarrhea.    vi. pat -un. To have an attack of diarrhea. Kiyararak siya kabii. He had an attack of diarrhea last night. OV SYN. intawꞌ-intawꞌ    vt. AR ag mag-; ran -an. To move one’s bowels (spoken in anger). Magkararak sadja kaw way biddaꞌ! You always move your bowels anywhere! kari v. ag mag-. mari (with -um-); goal -un. [Forms suffixes -un and -an instead of the regular -hun and -han.] To come (to the speaker or somewhere near the speaker). Kari kaw! Come here! Mari da kami bang awn kagunahan namuꞌ. We’ll just come here if we need something. Kariun ku siya magbalik

kunsum. I’ll come here to her again tomorrow. Pakaria siya kinsūm. Let her come tomorrow. OV SYN. dayꞌ    v. pat hi-; goal -an. [Almost always imperatives karian and karii.] To give or hand (something) over (to someone). Karian kākuꞌ in pistul yan. Give that pistol to me. Karii aku sīn, Utuꞌ. Give me money, Junior. OV SYN. duhal, dihil kari-kari n. A dish seasoned with curry powder. kariasali adj. Inborn, congenital, natural. Kariasali in pagkabuta niya. Her blindness is inborn. OV SYN. kaamulahi karikuraan adj. Any Muslim who has not studied so that he can’t read the Koran and write Arabic. In tau yan tūpun tawagun karikuraan. That person is fit to be called someone who hasn’t studied the Koran. karitaꞌ n. A (two or three-wheeled) cart, wagon (for hauling purposes, either pushed or drawn, not motorized).    v. ag mag-, -um-. To ride on a cart. Magkaritaꞌ kitaniyu pa tabuꞌ. Let’s ride the cart to market. OV SYN. karitun, kalisa; GENR. aagaran agad 1 karitun (Tag.) n. A small, wheeled cart (drawn or pushed by hand).    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To transport (something) by hand-pushed cart. Karitunun ta in manga luwan pa jambatan. Let’s carry the luggage in the hand-pushed cart to the wharf. OV SYN. karitaꞌ, kalisa karnaꞌ (gimb. kalnaꞌ) n. A reason, cause. Unu in karnaꞌ mu magꞌatud-atud kākuꞌ? What is the reason you are looking at me like that? Karnaꞌ unu hangkan siya biyunuꞌ? What was the reason for killing him?    rel. Because. Subay kaw maglima waktu karnaꞌ daakan sin Tuhan. You should observe the five-timesdaily prayer because God commands it. OV SYN. hangkan, sabab, pasal1 karpit (Eng.) n. A carpet.{A rectangular-shaped cloth with tassels and with intrinsic designs, usu. of a mosque.} Piyagꞌari-ari ha dingding in karpit. A carpet is put on the wall as decoration. OV SYN. sudjara, hamparan karsitin (var. of kalsitin) n Socks.

kāru n. A non-motorized cart.    v. CV 2, TR ag mag-, -um-; goal, pat -un. [As travel verb, -un focuses goal; as carrying verb, patient.] To carry (something) on such a cart. Subay kāruhun in manga luwan pa jambatan. The luggage has to be carted to the wharf. OV SYN. karitun karuꞌ n. Drowsiness, sleepiness. Nakalanduꞌ in karuꞌ ku yan. My sleepiness was really great (i.e., I was very sleepy).    v. ST pat -un. To be or become drowsy or sleepy. Kiyaruꞌ na in bataꞌ-bataꞌ. The child is sleepy. Makakaruꞌ in bissara sin mastal. The teacher’s lecture would put you to sleep.    n. pangaruꞌ A time when people are drowsy. Pangaruꞌ bang waktu pagtitiyaun pasalan sin diꞌ agun magtūg in tau. A wedding is a time when people are drowsy because they hardly get any sleep. karuhung v. act/pat -um-. To increase to a violent degree; become furious, violent, severe, terrible, tremendous (spoken of something undesirable or indicating disapproval). Kimaruhung na in ngiꞌ kasuddahan sin tau yan. The nature of that fellow became terrible. OV SYN. karuk, kansang, landuꞌ karuk adv. In a great or high degree, greatly, very much, extremely, exceedingly, intensely (of undesirable qualities, traits or behavior). Karuk siya putingan. He is extremely a liar. Karuk tuud in dakag niya. He is exceedingly boastful.    v. ST pat -um-. To be or become excessive, too much. Kimaruk na in pagꞌabbu niya. His boastfulness has become too much. OV SYN. landuꞌ karusang n. A brooch (a type of woman’s jewelry). Malingkat in karusang ha badjuꞌ niya. The brooch on her dress is pretty. karut 1 n. A sack, burlap bag. Mamī kami bugas hangka-karut. We will buy one sack of rice. GENR.: tupungan tupung. n. karutan (With ha) by sacks, by the sack. Ha karutan kami magbī bugas. We buy rice by the sack. 2 v. act/pat mag-. To have a great amount (of something, usu. money). Nagkakarut pilak in manga dayahan. The rich have a great amount of money. kās 1 v.

AR

ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To scratch or rake (an area). Kāsan ta in halaman bāy. Let’s rake the

lawn. v. AQ ag/goal mag-, -um-; pat -un. (For something, esp. a chicken) to scratch to find (something). Kāsun sin manuk in kakaun niya. The chicken will scratch to find its food. OV SYN.: *kahig 1. n. kakās A rake (the tool). 2 v. rdp. ag mang-; ran pang-…-an. To court (a girl) or attract her attention (in an awkward way). Ayaw na kaw mangās-ngās kaniya bataꞌ pa kaw. Don’t court her, you’re still a kid. Piyangangās-ngāsan niya in babai yaun. He is awkwardly courting that girl. kasajahitraan (from ka-...-an + sajahitraꞌ) n. Peace, tranquility, serenity. Kasajahitraan kaniyu katān iban barakat niya. Peace be unto you all and his blessings. kasap n. Coarseness, roughness (as of texture, cloth, the edge of a broken glass). Bihayan da in kasap sin kakanaꞌ nabī ku. The coarseness of the cloth I bought was like that.    adj. makasap Coarse, rough, jagged (as of cloth or the surface of wood). Ayaw kaw magbī sin kakanaꞌ makasap. Don’t buy coarse cloth. OV SYN. ural kasaw n. A purlin for a roof, horizontal crosspiece of a roof. kasay 1 v. ag mag-, -um-. To do something rapidly, quickly. Kasay kaw bat kaw diꞌ abutan. Walk faster so they won’t catch you. adj. makasay Fast, quick, rapid. 2 v. pat pa-…-un. To recover, recuperate (from sickness). Pakasaya naa in baran mu ampa kaw maghinang. Recuperate fully first, then you can go back to work. adj. makasay Recovered (from sickness). Subay na siya makasay ampa siya makaguwaꞌ dayn ha huspital. The patient can’t be released from the hospital until he has recuperated. OV SYN.: biskay, sapat. kasi n. Possessive love (contrast lasa disinterested love, affection). Timbang in kasi niya ha manga asawa niya. He has equal love for his wives.    adj. makasi Characterized by love. Makasi aku kaniya. I love him.    v. RC ag mag-, -um-. (For people) to love each other. Magkasi sila magtaymanghud. The siblings love each other.

   v. ran ka-…-an. Kakasihan nila in anak nila kabungsuhan. They love their youngest child.    n. kakasi (One’s) love, someone who is loved or adored, the apple of one’s eye. Siya in kakasi ku. He’s my love.    n. kakasihan Loved ones, a beloved. Nagtumtum siya ha manga kakasihan niya. He is longing for his loved ones. OV SYN. lasa kasi-lasa n. (A combination of) love and sympathy. Way kasi-lasa niya kākuꞌ. He has no love and sympathy for me. OV SYN. lindu-randam kasiyaman adj. Ninety. (See umbul for table.) kasla adj./adv. makasla Harsh(ly), sharp(ly), curt(ly) (in speech). Makasla in tau yan magbichara. That person speaks sharply.    v. ag mag-; goal -an. To speak sharply, irritably (at someone); snap at (someone in speaking). Ayaw magkasla bang kaw magbissara. Don’t speak sharply when you are talking. Kiyaslahan niya in inaꞌ niya. She spoke sharply at her mother. Ayaw mu aku kaslahi. Don’t snap at me. OV SYN. bungis kaslugan 1 adj. Stiff, tough (of the flesh of some rock fish and other meat). In istaꞌ kaslugan matugas in unud niya bang tugnaun. A fish is tough if its flesh is tough when it is cooked. OV SYN. tugas 1, lagting 2 adj. (Of a person’s physique), robust, hardy, muscular. Kaslugan in baran sin tau yan. That man’s physique is robust. kassaꞌ (var. kachaꞌ; katsaꞌ) n. A glass, bottle, jar. Kiyapalian siya sin bagbag kassaꞌ. She was cut by a broken bottle. OV SYN. basu, garapun, samin 1 kassup n. A snap fastener. Butangi kassup in badjuꞌ niya. Put a snap fastener on her dress.    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To snap (something, as a snap fastener or purse). Kassupa ba in badjuꞌ ku. Please snap my dress. Kastilaꞌ adj. Spanish. Nakaabut in amaꞌ ku sin pagbunuꞌ sin timpu Kastilaꞌ. My father was alive during the war during the time of the Spanish. kasturiꞌ n. A tree of incomparable fragrance in heaven. In hamut sin kasturiꞌ wayruun sibuꞌ dī ha dunya.

The smell of the kasturiꞌ has no comparison here on earth. OV SYN. ambal kasuꞌ-kasuꞌ adj. Careless, reckless (in doing something). Kasuꞌ-kasuꞌ magparagan jīp in sapiyul ini. This driver is reckless in driving jeeps. OV SYN. kulat kasuddahan (from sudda + ka-...-an) n. Nature, character, conduct, manners. In tau marayaw kasuddahan mahabaꞌ umul. A person whose nature is good (i.e., is good-natured) lives long. *kasul v. AR ag mag-; ran -an. To quilt a mattress (so as to keep the filling in place). Kasulan ta in tilam dūm ini. We will quilt the mattress tonight. Mangiꞌ in pagkasul niya. Her quilting is not good. kata-kata n. A narrative, story (considered by some people to be fictitious).    v. ag mag-; goal -an. To relate such a story. Kata-katahan ta kamu kan Pusung. I’ll relate to you a story about Pusung.    n. magkakata-kata A storyteller. OV SYN. kissa, salsila, *usul kataꞌ-kataꞌ n. The movement to and fro of water, bubbling of water or the formation of bubbles on the surface of water, foam, scum.    v. act/pat mag-, -um-. (For water or the sea) to ripple or bubble. Bang magkataꞌ-kataꞌ in dagat marayꞌ na kumusug in hangin. If the sea ripples there will soon be a strong wind. OV SYN. bukal katam n. A plane (the carpenter’s tool used for smoothing wood).    v. AR ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To plane (something). Katami in digpiꞌ. You plane the wood. katān (var. katantan) adj. All, whole, entire, total, gross. Nasunug in katān baran niya. His entire body was burned. Pila katān in sumūd kaymu sīn hangka-tahun? How much gross income do you earn in a year? OV SYN. tibuuk katarrangan n. Papers or documents identifying a person, credentials. Subay mu hipakitaꞌ in katarrangan mu ampa kaw makalabay. You should present your credentials, then they’ll let you pass through. kātas n. Paper.{In context may refer to pertinent papers as documents, credentials, or certificates.} Haunu in manga kātas katarrangan? Where are the authorizing papers? katawa n. Laugh, laughter. Mahibuk in katawa niya. His laugh is noisy.

   vt. ag mag-, -um-; goal -an. To laugh (at something), be laughed at (by someone). Katawahan kaw sin tau. People will laugh at you.    vi. ST pat -un. To be caused to laugh, be struck by something funny with resultant laughter. Kiyatawa hi Saripul sin hinang hi Iri. Iri’s antics caused Saripul to laugh. Makakatawa in dagbus niya. His looks make me laugh.    adj. makatawa Full of laughter. Subay bukun makatawa in budjang ha dān. Young girls should not be full of laughter in the streets. OV SYN. uyum, paghakhak hakhak, *kikik, kakak 2, daghay kātay adj. A vagabond (person), stray (animal). Kamawmuhan in tau kātay bulaug. Usually a vagabond person is a prodigal.    v. ag mag-; goal -un. To roam, wander from place to place. Magkātay sila pa kabāyan sin tau sin way kapatutan nila. They wander from house to house even when they have no right at all. Kātayun ku in Manilaꞌ pagkadtu ku. I’ll roam around Manila when I go there. OV SYN. *tāraꞌ, *lunsul, kadtu kari, kāmbuyan, sāsab kātian n. Jungle, forest, woods. Nalawaꞌ siya ha lawm kātian. He lost his way in the woods.    v. ag mang-. To go to the jungle, forest, woods. Mangātian in manga tau yaun maglawag ha tau nalawaꞌ. Those people are going to the jungle to look for the missing person. OV SYN. kūmu, gulangan Katibin n. The name of one of the two guardian angels who protect all people (one such angel is believed to be at every person’s right hand and the other at every person’s left hand). Hi Katibin in malāikat miyamagad ha tuu sin tau. Katibin is the angel accompanying people on their right side. Cf. Kiraman katig n. An outrigger (of a boat). Nabaliꞌ in katig sin sakayan namuꞌ. The outrigger of our vinta is broken.    v. AR ag mag-; ran -an. To make or attach an outrigger on a boat. Katigan namuꞌ na in sakayan. We are going to attach outriggers on the vinta. Marayaw katigan in bangkaꞌ bat diꞌ malunud magtuy. It’s good to make outriggers on a canoe so that it will not sink easily. katik v. ag mag-; pat -un. To drum (with a small stick or fingers). Katikun ku in basu. I’ll drum on the glass.    v. goal/ben -an. To catch (someone’s) attention by so drumming. Katikan ta hi Indaꞌ bat diꞌ magtangis.

Let’s drum for baby so she won’t cry.    n. kakatik A drumstick, small stick for drumming. Bulaꞌ-bulaꞌ in hinangun ku kakatik. I’ll use this bamboo as my drumstick. OV SYN. ganding, dapuꞌ katilingkal (var. of kalingkal) n The entirety (of a place), the circumference (of a circle or circular area). katingug (from ka3- + tingug) n. A sound. Diyungug ku in katingug sin agung. I heard the sound of the gong.    v. act/pat mag-, -um-. To make or give out sound. Diꞌ kumatingug in radyu bang way batiri. The radio won’t give any sound without batteries. Ayaw pakatinguga in radyu. Don’t play the radio. OV SYN. suwara katkat n. A hand or power saw (for cutting wood metal, etc.). Hariin na in katkat ta bakas dī? Where is our handsaw that was here?    v. CH 2 ag mag-; pat -un. To saw (something), cut by sawing. Katkatun ku muna in digpiꞌ? Shall I saw the board first?    v. AR ran -an. To saw off a part of (something). Katkatan ta in lamisahan, mahabaꞌ tuud. Let’s saw off a piece of the table. It’s very long. katluan adj. Thirty. Katluan in taud sin istaꞌ. There are thirty fish. (See umbul for table.) katsaꞌ (var. of kassaꞌ) n A glass, bottle, jar. katti n. A unit of weight (625 grams, used in Borneo and understood by Tausug traders to Borneo).    n. kattihan (With ha) by 625-gram units. Magdagang sila bawang ha kattihan. They will sell garlic by 625-gram units. In pagbī sin unu-unu pagtimbangun dittu ha Borneo ha kattihan. The buying of all items weighed is by 625-gram units in Borneo. OV SYN. kīlu kattu (var. of kadtu) v To go to (a place remote from both speaker and hearer). kātuꞌ pron. [The sg. speaker-hearer pronoun kātuꞌ is many times substituted for the pl. speaker-hearer one katuꞌniyu but not vice versa.] (Sg. speaker-hearer oblique pronoun) ours, to us, for us. Bukun kātuꞌ in lupaꞌ yan. That land is not ours. Diꞌ sila dimihil kātuꞌ. They won’t give to us.

kātuꞌniyu pron. (Pl. speaker-hearer oblique pronoun) ours, to us, for us. Dīhil kātuꞌniyu sin mayul in katarrangan magdā sinapang. The mayor has given us the authority to carry firearms. Bukun kātuꞌniyu in manga bangkuꞌ ini. These chairs are not ours. OV SYN. kāmuꞌ katul n. Itchiness (as of skin disease, lice, or prickly heat). Diꞌ ku kasandalan in katul sin dapaw. I can’t stand the itchiness of the dust.    vt. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un, -an. To scratch (esp. with the fingers). Magkatul pa aku sin taykud ku. I’ll have to scratch my back.    vi. ST pat -um-; ran ka-…-an. To be or become itchy. Bang mahaluꞌ in istaꞌ kumatul na in simud ta bang kita kumaun. If fish is rotten, our mouth becomes itchy if we eat it.    adj. makatul/katulun Itchy, rotten (as of fish). Makatul in taykud ku sin bunga hulas. My back is itchy with prickly heat. katumbangan adj. Favorable, prepossessing, attractive, captivating, enticing. Katumbangan in lingkat sin babai yaun. The beauty of that maiden is captivating. OV SYN. ibug *kaub v. pat papag-…-un. To fit (something) over (something else) face to face (so that the edges meet). Papagkauba in duwa pastan ini. Fit this basin over face to face with the other one. kaun 1 v. CH 1 ag mag-, -um-; pat -un; ran -an. To eat (something). Kaun na kaw, mataas na in suga. You better eat now, it’s already noon time. Magkaun na kitaniyu. Let us all eat. Kaunun ku in tinapay ini. I’ll eat this bread. Pakaunun ku na in manga bataꞌ. I’ll feed the children. OV SYN. sungit 2.1 n. kakaun/pagkaun Food, meal. Masarap in pagkaun ha pagtiyaunan kahapun. The food at the wedding yesterday was delicious. 2.2 n. kaunun (Cooked) rice. Marayaw in katugnaꞌ sin kaunun ini. The rice is well cooked. kawaꞌ1 (var. kāꞌ) v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To get, take (something). Kawai ba aku hangka-basu tubig. Will you get me a glass of water. Kawaꞌ kaw madtu utak. Go and get a bolo. Magtuy niya na kiyawaꞌ in suling niya. Right away he got his flute. OV SYN. pūt1 1 kawaꞌ2 n. A (large, rounded-bottom) caldron (of different shape and larger than the kawaliꞌ). Lutua in manuk ha kawaꞌ. Cook the chicken in the caldron. Bang awn paghinang kawaꞌ in paglutuan tiyulaꞌ

sapiꞌ. When there’s a special occasion, the rounded-bottom caldron is the thing used for cooking beef soup. Cf. kawaliꞌ kawaliꞌ n. A large iron pot (smaller than the kawaꞌ). Masuhul pagtugnaan kaunun in kawaliꞌ. The large iron pot is often used to cook rice. Cf. kawaꞌ2 kawaluwan adj. Eighty. Kawaluwan in taud nila. There are eighty of them. (See umbul for table.) kawas v. ag mag-, -um-; goal -an. To jump down from, leap down, spring down on (something), jump against (something). Kimawas siya dayn ha taas tarak. He jumped down from the truck. Kiyawasan aku sin iruꞌ ha ū. The dog sprang down on my head. OV SYN. laksu    n. A sudden and forceful striking (of wind and waves). Makusug in kawas sin hangin. The sudden striking of the wind was strong (i.e., a strong wind suddenly came up). kawasa n. Power, ability, authority, strength. Makusug in kawasa sin tau yan. That man’s power is great.    adj. Powerful, capable, strong, able to do something without fail. In tau kawasa mataud in pilak niya. A powerful man has much money.    v. ag mag-. To rule over, be in power over, have jurisdiction over. Diꞌ kami mabayaꞌ magkawasa kāmuꞌ in tau guwaꞌ hulaꞌ. We don’t like people from outside to rule us. OV SYN. kusug 1 kawat n. Wire (as for conducting electric current, stringing musical instruments, barbed wire, fence, snares). Bīhi aku kawat hinangun ta bubuwaran. Buy me wire to make a place to dry things (clothesline). kawgun adj. Wasted (because of not having done, utilized or taken advantage of something at the proper time, an expression of regret). Kawgun in sīn mu piyamī sin mutur mangiꞌ yan. Your money is wasted in buying that bad motorcycle. Kawgun tuud. Walaꞌ ku tiyabuk in hinang dīhil niya kākuꞌ. It’s really a waste! I didn’t accept the job he offered me.    v. pat ma-. [Does not occur with pa₂.] To be or become (shamefully) wasted. Makawgun in pagkaun mu bang hibugit. Your food will be shamefully wasted if it’s thrown away. SYN. luppas; Cf. sāyang kawhaan adj. Twenty. In sumunud ha hangpuꞌ tag siyam amu na kawhaan. After nineteen comes twenty. (See umbul for table.)

kawil n. A large fishhook used for trolling. kawin v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To solemnize a marriage. Kawinun sila ha simbahan kunsūm. Their marriage will be solemnized in the church tomorrow. Imam in magkawin kanila. The Muslim religious leader will solemnize their marriage. OV SYN. *tiyaun 1 kawit n. Diabetes gangrene. Mahunit kaulian in paliꞌ sin tau awn kawit. The wound of a person with diabetes gangrene is hard to heal. (See Appendix 8: Diseases) kawk adj. Having an inward curvature (as in the manner of walking), knock-kneed. Kawk in panawan niya. Her way of walking is knock-kneed.    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To make a turn or curve (as in paddling a canoe or cutting the armhole of a dress or a round-shaped neckline). Kawka in pagbugsay mu. Curve your paddling (so that the boat will turn). Pakawka in pagꞌutud sin lungag buktun. Make a sharp curve when you cut the armhole. OV SYN. kalluk, biluk kawkatik n. Polyuria (excessive secretion and discharge of urine). Siyakit siya kawkatik. He is sick with polyuria. (See Appendix 8: Diseases) kawl n. The power or ability to speak, expression or communication of thoughts and feelings by spoken words. Nalawaꞌ in kawl sin tau yan. That man has lost his power of speech. OV SYN. kabtangan, bissara, hilalaungan derv. laung1 , lapal, pamung way kawl (comp.) n. Speechless (due to sickness, shock, sorrow, etc.). Diꞌ siya maasubu sabab way kawl niya dayn kaina. We can’t question her for she has been speechless ever since. kawl-piil n. (Lit. speech and actions--thus one’s) whole conduct, manner, or behavior. Mangiꞌ in kawl-piil niya. His whole behavior is bad. OV SYN. addat, tabiat, kajariyan kawman n. Community, municipality, district, region, barrio. Dayn siya ha kawman Parang. He comes from Parang district. OV SYN. hulaꞌ 1.1, banuwa 1 kawmut1 (var. of kamut) n A handful. kawmut2 (gimb. gawmut) 1 v. ag mag-; pat -un. ran -an. To squeeze out (juice from something [as bitter

gourd, raw strips of papaya, or fresh grated coconut]). Subay kawmutan in paliyaꞌ sabab mapait. The bitter gourd should be squeezed out because it is bitter. Kawmuta in kiyugut lahing. Squeeze out the grated coconut. OV SYN. *pugaꞌ 2 v. ag mag-; pat -un. To pinch, scratch (someone’s face, as when fighting). Magkawmut in babai bang magkālu. Women scratch each other’s face when they fight. kawn v. TV ag mag-. mawn; goal -un. To go to a place (somewhat near the hearer). Mawn mān kami pa bāy niyu gana-gana. We’ll go there to your house after awhile. Kawn na kamu pa lamisahan. Go there to the table near you. Kawnun kamu sin manga mundu. Outlaws will go there to you.    v. CV pat hi-; goal -an. To bring something to the hearer. Hikawn ku mawn kaymu in hūg sin sīn mu. I’ll bring there to you the change from your money. Hisiyu in kawnan ku sin sīn ini? To whom should I give this money? OV SYN. dihil, butang; Cf. madtu kadtu, mari (with -um-); kari kawsun adj. Brown color. Bīhi kita tanud kawsun. Buy me brown thread. OV SYN. sakulati 1 kawtkut n. Mange, skin disease (of both animals and people). (See Appendix 8: Diseases)    v. ST pat -un. [Does not occur with pa₂.] To be affected with mange or skin disease. Ayaw kaw magdaig ha tau kawtkutan, bat kaw diꞌ kawtkutun. Don’t be near a person with mange so that you will not be affected by mange.    adj. kawtkutan Infected with mange or skin disease. Mangatul sadja in tau kawtkutan. A person infected with mange is always scratching. OV SYN. kayskis, kākas kay rel. And (joins a pl. topic pronoun with the name of one of the persons included in that pl. topic). Madtu kami kay Anang pa Parang. Anang and I are going to Parang. Duwa sila kay Judson in miyadtu. Judson and he went. OV SYN. iban 1 kayꞌman adj. Fifty. Kayꞌman in hangtungaꞌ sin hanggatus. Fifty is half of one hundred. (See umbul for table.) kaya n. Energy, force, vigor, strength; wealth, riches, means. In tau nasasakit way kaya niya. The man who is ill has no strength. In tau way kaya mahunit makapaiskul anak. A man who has no wealth can hardly send his children to school.    v. pat -un. To have energy, force, vigor, strength; have resources, available wealth, or means. Bang

kaw hiyahapus diꞌ na kaw kayahun maghinang. If you are tired you won’t have enough energy to keep working. OV SYN. kusug 1, daya kayapuꞌ n. Water lettuce. Mataud tuud kayapuꞌ ha tigbaw. There is so much water lettuce at Kiram Spring. kayawan n. Spiny bamboo. Hipaglantay ku sin bāy ku in kayawan ini. I’ll use this spiny bamboo for the flooring of my house. Bambusa spinosa roxb. kaybaꞌ n. Breaking of silence, start of talking or moving (used only with negation). Way kaybaꞌ sin bataꞌ ini dayn kaina. This child has been silent since earlier today.    v. ag mag-, -um-. To break the silence, start talking, act (usu. used with negation). Ayaw kaw magkaybaꞌ. Be silent. Halliꞌ kaw ha tau diꞌ magkaybaꞌ. Beware of a silent person. Diꞌ sa yan magkaybaꞌ minsan pamungmungan sin tau. She won’t say a word even if someone scolds her. Maytaꞌ kaw diꞌ magkaybaꞌ? Why don’t you talk? OV SYN. hibuk, bahittuk kaykit adj. Tricky; selfish, stingy. In tau kaykit māhang magsarakka. A stingy person seldom gives alms.    n. kaykitan A trickster, cheat; selfish person. Ayaw kaw magꞌagad ha tau yan sabab kaykitan. Don’t go with that man because he is a cheat.    v. ag mag-; ran -an. To defraud, cheat (someone, as in a game). Ayaw kaw magkaykit bat ta kaw diꞌ bagahun. Don’t cheat or else I’ll slap you. Kiyaykitan niya aku. He cheated me. OV SYN. ikut, paysiꞌ kaymu pron. (Second person sg. oblique pronoun) yours, to you, for you. Kaymu in panyuꞌ ini? Is this handkerchief yours? Hisiyu in nagdihil kaymu? Who gave it to you? kayskis n. A general term for skin disease, characterized by rough spots on and itchiness of the skin. Mataud kayskis ha taykud mu. There are lots of rough spots on your back. OV SYN. kākas, kulap, ugud (See Appendix 8: Diseases) kayt n. A safety pin. Natugsuk in lima ku sin kayt. The safety pin pricked my hand.    v. ag mag-; ran -an. To pin (something) with a safety pin. Kayti in saya mu. Pin your skirt with a safety pin. kaytan n. A shark (generic). Nakakitaꞌ na aku kaytan putiꞌ. I have seen a white shark. (See Appendix 2:

Fish and Swimming Marine Creatures) kāyu n. Fire. Malagguꞌ tuud in kāyu ha basura siyunug yaun. The fire at the burned garbage is very big.    v. act/pat mag-, -um-; ran -an. To burst into flame (mag-), explode or blast (as of gunfire, dynamite, or explosive [-um-]). Way kimāyu in timbak istaꞌ. The dynamite didn’t explode. Kamayaꞌ kaw kāyuhan kaw sin timbak istaꞌ. Be careful, you will be exploded on by the dynamite. OV SYN. laga, baga1 kayug n. Thinness, slenderness, leanness. Nakalanduꞌ in kayug sin manga bataꞌ ha Negros. The thinness of the children in Negros is too much.    adj. makayug (Of animate objects) skinny, scrawny, lanky, slim. Dagbus makayug siya ha badjuꞌ niya. She looks skinny in her dress.    v. act/pat mag-, -um-. To become thinner. Magkakayug kaw yan. Pagpakitaꞌ kaw ha duktul. You’re becoming thinner. Better see a doctor. Makakayug in magjaga. Having a vigil can cause one to become thin. OV SYN. kagkag kibad v. pat ma-. To be fascinated, lured, tempted. Diꞌ makibad in atay niya ha manga nagpangūg kaniya. Her heart won’t be tempted by those who admire her. Makakibad pangatayan in lingkat sin babai ini. The beauty of this girl fascinates the heart. kibak n. A depressed scar or pit on the skin (as that resulting from a wound or disease), a hairless part of the scalp (such as is left after trimming or shaving off the hair), a pit or hole (in fruits, vegetables, playing marbles, cement walls, etc.). Awn kibak niya ha bitis. He has a depressed scar on his leg.    vi. pat ma-. (For the skin) to get a depressed scar or become marked with pits, (for a part of the scalp) to become hairless, (for fruits, vegetables, marbles, walls, etc.) to develop a pit or hole. Makibak in kapaya yan bang mu pīpisul sadja. That papaya will develop a hole if you keep on pressing it. Nakibak in bayhuꞌ niya sin ampugud. His face was pitted by pimples.    vt. ag mag-; ran -an, -un. [No difference in meaning between -un and -an.] To trim or shave off (some hair, thus showing the scalp) make a pit or hole on (something, such as fruits or vegetables). Subay kibakun bat kaubatan in paliꞌ. Some hair should be shaved off in order to medicine the wound. OV SYN. kibang, lubang, lubbak kibang n. A pit or hole (in fruits or vegetables caused by biting or scratching of people or animals). Awn

kibang sin mampallam yan. That mango has holes.    v. ag -um-; pat -un. To pit, bite, or bruise (fruit or vegetables). Kumibang aku mampallam mu Indaꞌ. I’ll bite a little of your mango, Indaꞌ. Kibangun sa yan sin kabug in manga mampallam. The mangoes will surely be pitted by bats. OV SYN. kibak, lubang, lubbak kibiꞌ 1 adj. Deformed (as of the mouth of a person), misshapen, misproportioned, unbalanced, unsymmetrical. Kibiꞌ in pistak sin pantalun. The crotch of the pants is misshapen. Kibiꞌ in simud niya. Her mouth is deformed. vi. pat ma-. To be or become deformed, misshapen, misproportioned, unbalanced, unsymmetrical. Nakibiꞌ in pagꞌutud sin kakanaꞌ. The cutting of the material is misproportioned. Nakibiꞌ in simud niya pagꞌubus niya nasakit. Her mouth became deformed after her sickness. OV SYN.: bingkuk 1, kigaꞌ, timpang. 2 vt. ag mag-; ran -an. To make a face (at someone) with one’s mouth (by moving the upper lip to and fro over the lower teeth [as of children quarreling]). Bang mu siya kibian tantu magkālu kamu. If you make faces at her with your mouth there will naturally be a quarrel. OV SYN. *kubiꞌ kibit (gimb. *kubut) n. A pinch or squeeze. Bukun masakit in kibit niya. His pinching doesn’t hurt.    v. ag mag-, mang-; pat -un. To pinch, squeeze (something) between finger and thumb. Kibita bang diꞌ magkahagad lāngun. Pinch him if he won’t obey you. Ayaw kaw mangibit masakit. Don’t pinch, it is painful. Kibitun kaw sin mastal bang kaw malangug. You will be pinched by the teacher if you are naughty. kiblat n. The direction toward which a Muslim faces when praying; west (from Jolo orientation). Bang in Muslim magsambahayang subay humarap pa kiblat. A Muslim must face west when he prays. OV SYN. magrib 3, sadlupan *sadlup 2 kibut n. A small jar (made of baked clay). Hipua in kibut sin tubig. Fill the small jar with water. OV SYN. puga kīd n. Side, flank. Masakit in kīd ku. My side is sore.    v. ag mag-, -um-; goal -un. To be on one’s side, move to someone’s side. Nagkikīd siya matūg. He is on his side when he sleeps. Pakīra in digpiꞌ yan. Place the board on its side.

kidjang1 n. {Rare} A dress, shirt (and the like). Malingkat in iyusal niya kidjang sin haylaya yaun. She wore a beautiful dress during the festival. SYN. badjuꞌ kidjang2 n. A wing (of a skymaiden [biraddali]). Magkaīg in kidjang sin biraddali. The wings of a skymaiden are removable. kidjib v. ag mang-, -um-; pat -un. To obtain (something) by deception or fraud. Subay diꞌ mu kidjibun in altaꞌ sin pagkahi mu. You shouldn’t defraud your companions of their property. Langgal saraꞌ pa Tuhan in mangidjib. It’s against God’s laws to defraud.    adj. kidjiban Acquired through cheating, trickery, lying, deceit. In altaꞌ kidjiban diꞌ da tumatas. Articles of wealth acquired through deceit will not last long. OV SYN. akkal 1, kugut 1, kungkaw, kulliꞌ 1 *kidnap (Eng.) v. ag mang-, mag-, -um-; pat -un. To kidnap (someone). Nakidnap in anak sin mayul. The mayor’s child was kidnapped. kīg-kīg v. ag mang-; ran/goal pag-…-an, pang-…-an. To shudder with aversion or (extreme) disgust (esp. on seeing something filthy or horrible), show contempt (for someone by some action [e.g., covering one’s face or a motion of one’s head and shoulders] and/or vocal expression of rejection). Nangīg-kīg siya pagkitaꞌ niya sin hās dakulaꞌ. She shuddered with aversion when she saw the big snake. Mangīgkīg in baran ku bang aku makasūd pa kasilyas malummiꞌ. I shudder with disgust when I go into a dirty comfort room. Subay in tau dayahan diꞌ mangīg-kīg ha tau miskin. Rich people should not show contempt for poor people. OV SYN. babaꞌ 2 kigaꞌ adj. No longer perfect in shape, out of shape.{Of an object of any shape whose shape has been changed or is not perfect in size or shape, as shirts made with one sleeve wider than the other.} Kigaꞌ na in saub sin garapun. The cover of the jar is out of shape.    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To cause (something) to go out of shape, make (something) uneven. Kigaun ku na in buktun sin badjuꞌ ku. I will make the sleeve of my shirt uneven. OV SYN. kibak, kibiꞌ 1 kigkig n. Sandpaper, anything (such as sharkskin) used to polish or smooth a rough surface.    v. ag mag-; pat -un, -an. To smooth or polish a rough surface (esp. wood). Kigkigi in puhan kalis. You

smooth the kris handle. Kigkigun ku in gahaꞌ ha kalis ini. I’ll polish the rust on the kris. OV SYN. hagupit kignut n. An involuntary movement of the muscles, twitch. Makusug in kignut niya bang siya paggitukun. The twitch in her is strong when she is tickled.    v. act/pat -um-, mag-. To move involuntarily (as of muscles). Kimignut in abaga ku. My shoulder moved involuntarily. OV SYN. hibal, badlak kignut-kuhibal n. Actions. Diꞌ tuud aku mabayaꞌ magkitaꞌ sin kignut-kuhibal bihaun. I really don’t want to see that kind of action. Ha kignut-kuhibal sadja kahātihan ku na. Through action only I already understand. In addat sin tau kaingatan dayn ha kignut-kuhibal niya. A person’s conduct is known through his actions. OV SYN. hibal kīki adj. Eager, enthusiastic. Kīki na aku yan muwiꞌ pa hulaꞌ. I’m now eager to go home. Bang kaw kīki na una na kaw panaw. If you’re already eager you may go ahead. OV SYN. igut 1, hingas2 kikiꞌ n. Yellowish dirt on the teeth, tartar.    v. pat -un. (For the teeth) to develop tartar. Bang kita diꞌ manggumgum, kikiun in ipun ta. If we don’t rinse our mouth, our teeth will develop tartar. OV SYN. bākaꞌ, tinga *kikik v. ag mag-, -um-. To giggle. Bang ha Sūg mangiꞌ in budjang magkikik ha dān. In Jolo it’s not good for girls to be giggling on the street. OV SYN. katawa, paghakhak hakhak, uyum, daghay, hikhik kila n. Hydrocephalus (a sickness characterized by the enlargement of a baby’s head). Bang sakit kila maglagguꞌ in ū sin bataꞌ-bataꞌ. In hydrocephalus, a child’s head becomes enlarged. (See Appendix 8: Diseases) kilā (gimb. kilal) 1.1 n. Recognition. In kilā ku in lansa ini kan Jul. I recognize this launch to be Jul’s. v. ag mang-, -um-; pat -un. To look at (something) in order to recognize it or see whose it is, identify (something). Kimilā sila mari sin manuk. They came here to see if the chicken was theirs. Kilāhun ku in patay yaun bang hisiyu. I will see who that corpse is. v. ag mag-; ran -an. To recognize (something) (ka-…-an), (for people) to be acquainted or familiar with each other (mag-). Magkilā kami kay Al-Shamir. Al-Shamir and I are acquainted with each

other. Kakilāhan ku in tau miyari kaina. I recognize the fellow who came this morning. OV SYN.: atud, kitaꞌ 1. 1.2 v. ag mang-. To claim (something). Mangilā kaw sin bukun kaymu. You are claiming what is not yours. 2 v. ag mang-. To shy from (someone, esp. spoken of a baby). Mangilā in bataꞌ-bataꞌ kaymu sabab iyampa niya kaw kītaꞌ. The baby shies from you because it’s her first time to see you. kilat n. A (slight) streak of lightning (without thunder), heat lightning; any flash of light. Way mu kītaꞌ in kilat kabii? Didn’t you see the streak of lightning last night?    v. none mag-, -um-. For a flash of lightning to occur. Magkilat naa ampa magdawgdug. The flash of lightning occurs before the sound of thunder. OV SYN. lutiꞌ kilay n. Eyebrow. Malabung in kilay niya. Her eyebrows are dark and thick. (See Appendix 6: The Parts of the Body) kili-kili n. A chain of small size (as a key chain). Bī kaw kili-kili bat diꞌ malawaꞌ in manga kunsiꞌ mu. Buy a key chain so your keys won’t be lost. kiliꞌ adj. Muddleheaded, addled. In tau kiliꞌ maluhay mapinda in pikilan niya. A muddleheaded person easily changes his mind. kīlu n. A kilogram (the weight). Pila kīlu sukal in bīhun mu? How many kilos of sugar will you buy?    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To weigh something (by kilograms). Subay kīluhun magbalik in tirigu yan. That flour should be weighed again.    adj. kīluhan (With ha) by the kilo. Ha kīluhan na bihayaun hipagdagang in bugas. Rice is now being sold by the kilo.    n. pagkikīluhan A kilogram scale. Subay awn pagkikīluhan sin tau magdaragang. People who are selling should have a kilogram scale. kilul n. Malunggay (a small cultivated tree with pinnate leaves, the leaflets of which are eaten as vegetables). Moringa oleifera (See Appendix 5: Plants) kimbuꞌ 1 vt.

CH 1

ag mag-; pat -un. To shake (a container with something inside it). Kimbua in labban bat

ta kaingatan in ha lawm. Shake the box so that we will know what is inside. vi. act/pat mag-. (For objects) to rattle or jiggle around noisily (in a container). Magkimbuꞌ in batu ha lawm mital bang majugjug. The stones rattle in the tin can when it is shaken. 2 n. A game of chance (played with dice which are shaken in a container).{Often played during the endof-Ramadan festival.} v. ag mag-. To play this game. kimbun (var. kumbun) v. ag -um-; ran -an. To hide (something), shade or cover (something so as to hide it). Kumimbun aku dayn ha puun kahuy ini. I’ll hide behind this tree. Kimbunan ta kaw bat kaw diꞌ kakitaan. I’ll shade you so that you will not be seen. OV SYN. *libun kimmat n. Assessment, estimation. Ha kimmat mu pila in altaꞌ mu naluppas ha sunug yadtu? In your estimation how much property did you lose in that fire?    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To assess, estimate (something). Karpintiru in magkimmat sin hikagastu sin paghinang bāy. The carpenter will estimate the cost for constructing the house. Kimmatun ku kaymu in hikabayad mu pa parinta sin manga altaꞌ mu. I’ll assess for you how much (tax) you’ll pay to the government on your property. OV SYN. *kumpas kimmit (var. kummit) n. Thriftiness. Nakalanduꞌ in kimmit niya. His thriftiness is excessive.    adj. makimmit Thrifty, sparing, economical. In tau makimmit māhang magꞌutang. One who is thrifty seldom runs into debt.    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To be thrifty, sparing; economize (expenses) or limit the use (of something as food or money). Kimmitun ta in pagbalanjaꞌ. Let’s economize our daily expenses. OV SYN. ikut, kaykit, kuriput, paysiꞌ *kimuꞌ v. ag mag-; ran -an. To clean spots off cloth without washing the whole garment, launder (a part of a garment). Kimuan ku in liug badjuꞌ ku. I’ll launder the collar of my shirt. OV SYN. *dakdak 1, hugas 1, linug2 kimus 1 v. AR ag mag-; ran -an. To wash (someone’s) mouth. Tagad, kimusan ku naa hi Utuꞌ. Wait, I will wash Sonny’s mouth. Cf. paꞌmus 2 v. CH 1 ag mag-; pat -un. To squeeze (someone’s) mouth (usu. done in anger). Subay kimusun in simud

sin tau malata. You should squeeze the mouth of one who is talkative. OV SYN. tabid kimut-kimut v. ag mag-, -um-; goal -an. To murmur, mumble, mutter a complaint. Way makarungug kaymu bang kaw magkimut-kimut sadja. Nobody hears you when you just murmur. Kīmut-kimutan niya in inaꞌ niya. He just mumbles at his mother. OV SYN. *dubdub kinam 1 v. ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To taste (something, esp. food). Tumaka siya nagkinam naubus in pansit. The more he tasted the noodles they were finished. Kīnaman niya in pansit. He tasted the noodles. Kinam kaw sin kindi ku. You taste my candy. Kinami bang sarang da in asin sin sayul. Taste (to see) if the salt of the vegetables is enough. Cf. nanam 1 2 v. ran ka-…-an. To have a slight experience (of something), taste (something, fig. sense). Kakinaman mu da sa yan in parasahan sin miskin. You’ll then taste the living conditions of the poor. OV SYN. sulay, labay *kindat (var. kundat) v. ag mag-, -um-, mang-; pat -un; goal -an. To raise an eyebrow, wink at (someone). Kindati sadja siya. Kahātihan niya da sayan. Just wink at her. She knows what it means. OV SYN. *kudjap, kullap kindi (Eng.) n. Candy. kinkin v. ag mag-; pat -un. To tuck or gather up in folds, (as pants or skirts). Kinkina in pantalun mu bat diꞌ mabasaꞌ. Tuck up your pants so they won’t get wet. OV SYN. *utung, *sintak kinsūm (var. kinsum) (var. of kunsūm) adv Tomorrow. kintas n. A sheet of paper. Pilangka-kintas kātas in hambuuk pilak? How many sheets of paper for one peso? kinug-kinug v. act/pat mang-, mag-, -um-. To quiver, twitch, squirm; (for the ground, a house, etc.) to shake. Manginug-kinug sa kān sin haggut. You’ll quiver with the cold. Manginug-kinug in ūd ha lawm kassaꞌ yan. The worms are squirming in that jar. Nanginug-kinug in bataꞌ sin sakit. The child is twitching in pain. OV SYN. *iggual, pidpid kīng adj. Tipped, slanting, leaning, turned or twisted onto one side, awry, askew (in relationship to the

vertical). Kīng in pagbutang sin kibut. The placement of the jar is slanting.    v. act/pat mag-, -um-; pat ma-. To be or become turned or twisted to one side; become awry, askew; lean to one side. Nakīng in kappal sin buggat sin luwan. The boat is leaning to one side because of the heavy load. Pakīnga pa hansipak in kumpit supaya kalanuan in hansipak niya. Make the boat lean to the other side so that the other side can be cleaned. OV SYN. tunggang kingki adj. Tightly curled, frizzy, kinky (as of hair). Kingki in buhuk sin Milikan itum. A black American has kinky hair.    v. pat ma-. To become tightly curled, frizzy. Diꞌ aku mabayaꞌ makingki in buhuk ku. I don’t want my hair to become frizzy. OV SYN. kulung, kumassalun kingking n. The little finger. In kingking amu na in gulamay lima asibiꞌ. The little finger is the smallest digit of the hand. Cf. bakul2 1, tudluꞌ, lāsuꞌ, jaymanis kipada (var. of tupāra) n Goggles for diving. *kiparat (var. tipalat; tiparat) v. ag mag-. (For family members or families) to forgive (one another) and forget (misunderstandings and grievances by both offended parties, done by performing the ceremony sugsug tawbat by an imam). Subay na miyatay hi amaꞌ ampa kami nagkiparat. It took father’s death to make us forgive each other. OV SYN. tawbat kiput n. Narrowness (in size or space).    adj. makiput Narrow, limited in space or size, tight; crowded. Makiput in dān liyabayan sin tarak. The street the truck passed through is narrow.    vi. ST pat -um-. (For a space) to become narrow. Kimiput in simud sin kassaꞌ. The mouth of the bottle became narrow.    vt. ran -an. To make (a space) narrow. Kiputan ta in lalabayan. Let’s make the passageway narrower. OV SYN. nahut, asibiꞌ; ANT. luag kira-kira n. Thinking, imagination, calculation, guess. In Tuhan diꞌ maabut sin kira-kira sin mānusiyaꞌ. God cannot be reached by the imagination of man. OV SYN. pikil Kiraman n. The name of one of the two guardian angels who protect all people. Hi Kiraman amu in

malāikat miyamagad ha lawa sin tau. Kiraman is the angel accompanying people on their left side. Cf. Katibin kirida (Tag.) n. A lover or mistress (esp. the illicit sexual partner of a married man or woman). Makarusa pa Tuhan in tau awn kirida niya. It’s a sin against God for a person to have a lover/mistress.    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To have an illicit affair with a married man or woman, take a mistress. In kauwian sin tau magkirida kālu. The result of having a mistress is a quarrel. *kirug v. ag mang-; ran pang-…-an. To blink (and then remove one’s gaze from someone) as an expression of anger or disapproval (usu. spoken of women). Piyangirugan siya sin banta niya. Her enemy blinked at her in anger. SYN. *lirung kīs (Eng.) n. A (court) case. Unu in kīs mu hangkan kaw najīl? What was your case that caused you to be jailed? OV SYN. parkalaꞌ 1 kisas n. Something that someone unjustly belittles, detests, despises, or treats with contempt which in due time will show on his person. In kisas diꞌ marā matay. The thing that you unjustly despised goes back to you before you die. OV SYN. subaꞌ2    v. pat -un. [Does not occur with pa₂.] To become or do what one belittles, treats disparagingly, detests, or despises. Ayaw kaw magꞌiyan diꞌ kaw magꞌasawa bisayaꞌ, pagkuwan kisasun kaw. Don’t say you won’t take a Christian for a wife, for you might do just that. kisiꞌ 1 v. ag mag-, -um-; goal -an. To smile broadly, grin. Kisiꞌ sadja kaw bang kaw pagꞌamahan sin inaꞌ mu. Just grin at your mother if she scolds you. Kisian ta siya. We will smile broadly at him. OV SYN. uyum; Cf. katawa, paghakhak hakhak, hikhik, daghay 2 v. pat -un. To deform (one’s mouth). Kisiun ku in simud niyu yan bang kamu diꞌ humundung maglata. I’ll deform your mouths if you don’t stop jabbering. kiskis (var. of gisgis) v To brush (one’s) teeth. kissa n. A story, tale.{The traditional form often narrates an account of creation, of origins, of peoples, institutions, historical events and the important heroes involved. The modern form is sung with an end rhyme although it is often arranged in an irregular metric form. The kissa is considered by everyone to

be non-fiction (see kata-kata).} Diyungug mu in kissa pasal hi Kamlun? Have you heard the story about Kamlun?    v. ag mag-; pat -un; goal -an. To tell such a story. OV SYN. kata-kata; Cf. salsila kissil (gimb. equiv. of kussil) n Softness, staleness (of peanuts, pastries, etc.). kīt n. A sparking cap of a piece of dynamite, blasting cap. In magdagang kīt langgal saraꞌ sin parinta. To sell blasting caps is against the law of the government. kita pron. (Sg. speaker-hearer topic pronoun) we, us, to us. Hain kita magbāk? Where shall we (two) meet? Dihilan nila kita sīn. They will give us (you and me) money. OV SYN. kitaniyu kitaꞌ 1 v. ag -um-, mang-; pat -un, ka-…an. To see, look at, look in order to verify (something); look for, observe, see or watch without taking an active part. Kitaa bang biyaꞌ diin in paghinang niya. Observe how she works. Miyari kami nangitaꞌ-ngitaꞌ sadja sin pagpanayam. We came just to watch the game. Kitai kita madtu jīp. Kindly look for a jeepney for me. Kitaun ku pa bang sila dimatung na. I’ll look and see if they have arrived. Kitaan ta kaw hambuuk bataꞌ magtabang kaymu. I’ll look for a youth to help you. Kitaun ta ha Bintang Duway Ballas bang hisiyu in nanakaw. We will see in the Tausug almanac Duway Ballas who it was that stole. Way ku siya kītaꞌ ha iskul. I didn’t see her at school. v. ag mag-. (For people) to see each other. Malugay kami walaꞌ nagkitai. We have not seen each other for a long time. OV SYN.: atud, ilag1, *idlap, dullag, liꞌgat, *pandang, patung2. n. pangitaꞌ The sense of sight. 2 n. kitaan Prediction, prophecy, divination, soothsaying (taken from a holy book). Walaꞌ nagsāꞌ in kitaan niya. His prediction was not mistaken. In kitaan niya in bangkaꞌ nalawaꞌ, tiyakaw. His divination was that the boat that was lost was stolen. n. mangingitaꞌ A fortune-teller, soothsayer. Bantug mangingitaꞌ in apuꞌ sin bagay ku. The grandmother of my friend is a well known fortune-teller. OV SYN.: putikaꞌ. kitab (Ar.) n. A religious book. Tiyatawꞌ niya in kitab piyusakaꞌ kaniya. He is storing the religious book that was bequeathed to him.    adj. balkitab Well-versed in religious books. In manga guru sin agama subay balkitab. The teachers of religion should be well-versed in religious books.

Kitab Injil 1 n. The holy book (believed by Muslims to have been) revealed (by God) to the prophet Jesus. 2 n. The New Testament (the second part of the Christian Bible). Kitab Jabur 1 n. The holy book (believed by Muslims to have been) revealed (by God) to the prophet David. 2 n. The (Old Testament book of) Psalms (songs of praise and worship and prayers to God). Dī ha Kitab Jabur kabākan in kalangan magdihil kapudjihan pa Tuhan. You can find the songs of praise to God in the book of Psalms. Kitab Purkan n. The Koran (the last of the four kitab). (see Kuraan) Kitab Tawrat 1 n. The holy book (believed by Muslims to have been) revealed (by God) to the prophet Moses. 2 n. The Pentateuch (the first 5 books of the Old Testament), Torah. Duun ha Kitab Tawrat kabākan in hangpuꞌ daakan sin Tuhan. It’s in the Pentateuch where you can find the ten commandments. kitabul hakim n. A biblical book which contains only narratives of the judgments and punishments inflicted by God. kital v. ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To aim, point at a target; practice markmanship (as of shooting). Parayawa in kakital bat mu kugdanan. You perfect your aim at the target so you can hit it. Kitalan ku in manuk-manuk yaun. I will aim at that bird. kitaniyu pron. (Pl. speaker-hearer topic pronoun) we, us, to us, for us. Subay kitaniyu magkahagad ha daakan sin Tuhan. We (all) should obey God’s commands. kitlan n. Tar, pitch. Biyutangan nila kitlan in dān. They put tar on the road. kitsap (Eng.) n. Ketchup. Bī kaw kitsap bang kaw manabuꞌ. When you go to market buy ketchup. kiyab (var. of kabkab) n A hand fan. kiyakaun simud (from kaun) adj. Stubborn, calloused to scolding (esp. used of children) (lit. a mouth is being eaten). Kiyakaun simud in bataꞌ ini. Diꞌ magkahagad hinduan. This child is calloused. He won’t

listen to teaching. kiyam v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To lay out (a dead person) with hands folded over the stomach, place the hands on the stomach with left hand over the right (esp. when praying). Kiyamun ta in patay. We will fold the hands of the dead. kiyamat n. The day of account, resurrection day, day of great or general judgment. Magkitaꞌ da kita ha adlaw kiyamat. We’ll see each other on great judgment day.    v. pat ma-. To be destroyed by divine judgment.{Destruction will be followed by the formation of the new state of things in the present world, thus the creation of the new world.} Makiyamat in dunya bang lumanduꞌ na tuud in ngiꞌ sin mānusiyaꞌ. The world will be destroyed by divine judgment when man’s wickedness becomes insurmountable. OV SYN. ahirat kiyuꞌ adj. Not straight, crooked, twisted, deformed. Kiyuꞌ in pagsulat niya ha kātas. His writing on the paper is crooked.    vi. act/pat -um-; pat ma-. To become crooked or twisted. Parayawa in pagꞌutud mu sin kakanaꞌ bat diꞌ makiyuꞌ. Cut your material well so that it won’t be twisted.    vt. CH 1 ag mag-; pat -un. To render (something) crooked; twist (something). Kiyuun ku sa yan in simud mu bang kaw diꞌ humundung maglata. I’ll twist your mouth if you don’t stop your annoying talk. OV SYN. bingkuk 1 krus (Eng.) n. A cross, crucifix. Siyasaꞌlay sin pariꞌ in krus ha liug niya. The priest is wearing the crucifix around his neck. ku pron. (First person sg. non-topic actor, causer, and possessor pronoun) I, my, mine, by me. Way ku siya kītaꞌ. I didn’t see him. Nasunug na in bāy ku. My house is burned up. kūꞌ n. A reduced price or cost. Way na kūꞌ sin kakana ini. There is no reduced price for this material.    vt. ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To ask for or give a reduced price. Diꞌ makajari magkūꞌ sin manga dagangan ini. One can’t ask for a reduced price for this merchandise.    vi. act -um-. To decrease or reduce, subside, wane, abate; become less in amount, force, degree, or intensity. Kumūꞌ in susa ku bang kaw yari. My sadness decreases when you are here. Kimūꞌ na in pasuꞌ sin atay niya. Her temper (lit. heat of the liver) subsided. Kimūꞌ-kūꞌ na in pasuꞌ sin pais niya.

Her fever is abating. Tagaran ta na kumūꞌ in ulan. We’ll wait for the rain to abate. Kimūꞌ na in kabantugan niya. His fame has waned. OV SYN. kulang2 1, *hilang, kabus 1 kuꞌkuꞌ v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To hit or rap (someone’s head) with one’s knuckles, knock (on a door) with one’s knuckles. Ayaw kuꞌkua in bataꞌ ha ū. Don’t hit the child on the head with your knuckles. Kuꞌkua in lawang makaruwa. Knock on the door twice. SYN. *kudduꞌ kuꞌlus (gimb. equiv. of kullus) 1) adj Withered. 2) v To feel ill at ease, embarrassed. kuꞌnisa (var. kunisa) adv. The day after tomorrow. Kuꞌnisa kitaniyu magbāk. We’ll meet on the day after tomorrow. Sampay pa kuꞌnisa dī pa sila. Even until the day after tomorrow they will be here.    v. pagkukuꞌnisahun (To do something) two days before (something else). Pagkukuꞌnisahun in adlaw pitu subay kamu dī na. You should be here two days before the seventh day death celebration. Cf. kunsūm, taꞌkisa kuꞌnu adv. When (referring to future time). Kuꞌnu siya dumatung? When will he arrive? Cf. kaꞌnu kuba-kuba n. The pounding of the heart, act of throbbing, beat or pulsation, particularly the strong pulsation of the heart. Marayꞌ awn kiyabugaan hangkan da kimusug in kuba-kuba niya. Maybe there was something to be afraid of. That’s why the pounding of his heart got stronger.    v. pat -un. (For one’s heart) to throb strongly. Kuba-kubahun aku magtuy bang aku makarungug timbak. My heart begins to throb strongly when I hear shooting. OV SYN. hanggaw kubaꞌ n. A humpback, a hunchbacked person.    v. pat ma-. To become hunchbacked. Makubaꞌ kaw bang kaw maas na. You’ll become hunchbacked when you get old. SYN. buggul kubal n. A callus. In tau patihinang awn kubal ha lima. A working man has calluses on his hands.    v. act/pat mag-; ran -an. To form or develop calluses. Nagkubal in lima ku ha pagpalahan. My hands got calluses because of shoveling. Kubalan sa yan in lima mu. Your hand will develop calluses. kubba n. The grave or tomb (of a prophet). Wayruun tau nakabāk sin kubba hi Nabi Musa. Nobody has found the tomb of the Prophet Moses. OV SYN. kubul, tampat

kubbing n. Hip, hipbone. Kiyugdan aku sin pungluꞌ ha kubbing. My hip was hit by the bullet. OV SYN. pigiꞌ 1, hugpuꞌ kubbung adj. Hollow, concave (as of dishes, scoop, or ladle). Butangan in kaunun ha lāy kubbung. Put the rice on a concave plate. OV SYN. lubbak, lubbung *kubiꞌ v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To grimace, make a face in anger or when annoyed, make a face (at someone in order to irritate or provoke someone to have a quarrel). Ayaw kaw magkubiꞌ bang kaw hinduan sin maas mu. Don’t make a face when your mother is giving you some advice. Kubiun niya in simud niya bang siya dugalan. She makes a face with her mouth when she is angry. Cf. kibiꞌ 2 *kubkub v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un; ran -an. To chew, bite into (food such as meat on a bone, whole fruit, etc.); gnaw. Kiyubkub sin iruꞌ in bukug. The dog gnawed on the bone. Ayaw na kaw magsuruꞌ, kubkuba sadja in paa manuk yan. Don’t eat with a spoon, just bite into that chicken leg. OV SYN. kibang kublaꞌ n. Surprise, astonishment; a start (with surprise). Nakalanduꞌ in kublaꞌ ku. My start was great (i.e., I was greatly startled).    vi. act/pat mag-, -um-; ran -an. To be startled, surprised, astonished. Kiyublaan aku sin langay mu kahapun. I was surprised by your behavior yesterday. Magkublaꞌ in atay ku awn adlaw. There are days that my heart is startled. Makakublaꞌ in katingug sin dawgdug. The sound of the thunder startles one.    vt. CH 1 pat -un. To startle, surprise (someone). Ayaw siya kublaa. Don’t startle her. OV SYN. bugaꞌ, hanggaw *kublit v. ag mag-, -um-, mang-; pat -un. To touch and immediately withdraw the hand (in order to call someone’s attention or to communicate something tacitly). Kublita hi Nurhadan, awn hibaytaꞌ ku kaniya. Touch Nurhadan. I have something to tell her. Hisiyu in nagkublit kākuꞌ? Who touched me and immediately withdrew the hand? kubuꞌ n. A well-fortified house, rampart. Subay mahugut in kubuꞌ bat diꞌ makasūd in atu. The rampart should be strong enough so that the enemy can’t enter. Cf. kutaꞌ

kubul n. A grave. Nahipuꞌ na sin kubul in pagkukubulan. The cemetery is already full of graves. SYN. paliyangan liyang    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat hi-; ran pag-…-an. [-un is also used to focus patient, but considered substandard.] To bury (a corpse or carcass). Kubulan ha sawm kahuy in patay manuk! Bury the dead chicken under the tree! Hain hikubul in patay? Where shall we bury the dead?    n. pagkubulan/pangungubulan A burial place, graveyard. Dugaing in pagkubulan sin manga Muslim iban Lannang. The graveyard of the Muslims is different from that of the Chinese. OV SYN. *lubung, tampat, kandang, kubba kubulan adj. Invulnerable, cannot be wounded by any bladed weapon or bullets. Laung nila hi Jikiri kunuꞌ yattu kubulan. They said that Jikiri was invulnerable. kūbung-kūbung n. A small lean-to shelter (built as a shade or resting place for field workers). In manga nagꞌuuma maghali-hali ha kūbung-kūbung. The farmers are taking rest in the small lean-to shelter. *kubut (gimb. equiv. of kibit) v To pinch or squeeze (someone). kudarat n. The power (of God). Way na makaliyu dayn ha kudarat sin Tuhan. There’s nothing greater than the power of God. OV SYN. kawasa, kusug 1 *kuddam v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. {Archaic} To place (someone) in a cloistered place (esp. a maiden), conceal (someone). Magkuddam kita ha lawm kakātian hangka-tahun. Let’s conceal ourselves in the jungle for a year. Kuddamun ta in dayang-dayang ha taas sin astanaꞌ. We will conceal the princess on the top of the castle. Ha waktu kamaasan in manga dayang-dayang kiyukuddam ha taas sin astanaꞌ. In olden times the princesses were cloistered in the attic of the palace.    n. kuddaman A place of concealment, cloistered place, vault. Tiyatawꞌ in dayang-dayang ha kuddaman. The princess is kept in a cloistered place. *kudduꞌ v. ag mag-; pat -un. To hit or rap someone’s head with one’s knuckles. Ayaw mu kuddua in bataꞌ. Don’t rap the child’s head with your knuckles. SYN. kuꞌkuꞌ kuddum1 v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To look sternly, frown. Nagkukuddum na siya imatud kākuꞌ. He is looking at me sternly.

kuddum2 v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To look down and cover one’s face or eyes (as in playing hide and seek). Kuddum na kaw bat kami makatapuk. Look down and cover your face now so that we can start hiding. kuddus (var. kudus) adj. (Of God) holy. Hambuuk-buuk da Tuhan in kuddus. It’s only God who is holy. Ruhul Kuddus (comp.) adj. The Holy Spirit (of God). *kudjap v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un; goal -an. To raise the eyebrows or wink the eyes (as a signal). Bang aku magkudjap na īg na kaw. When I wink then it is time for you to go. Kudjapan ta kaw bang kita madtu na. I’ll wink at you when it’s time to go. OV SYN. kullap, *kindat *kudjil v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To touch or move (something) slightly from its place, disturb (something) by touching. Ayaw kudjila in hinang ku. Don’t touch my work. Nagtangis in bataꞌ sabab kiyudjil mu. The child cried because you touched her. OV SYN. *kublit, hibal; GENR. kaput1 1.1 *kudjut v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To kill (someone) with a charge of electricity, electrocute (someone). Pagkudjutun in tau bang makalanggal saraꞌ mabuggat sin parinta. A person who commits a major offense against the law will be electrocuted. kudkud v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To tie (objects, esp. coconut leaves) together (by winding something around them many times). Kudkud kaw langkay hipangꞌilaw ta pa gimba dūm ini. Tie some dry coconut leaves together. We’ll use them as a light going to the interior tonight. OV SYN. baggut    v. pat mag-. (For rope) to be wound many times around (something). Nagkudkud in hukut sin kābaw ha kahuy. The carabao’s rope is wound many times around the tree. OV SYN. *libud kūg (from kuyag) n. Gladness, happiness, joy, delight, cheerfulness. Landuꞌ in kūg niya pagtabuk niya sin sulat. She was overjoyed when she received the letter.    n. kakūgan That which causes joy, happiness, gladness, delight. Bukun sadja sīn in kakūgan sin tau. Money is not a person’s only happiness.    v. ag mag, -um-; ran -an. To be happy, glad, cheerful. Kūgan aku bang kaw mari. I would be happy if you’d come.    adj. makūg Happy, glad, cheerful.

kūg-bayaꞌ n. Liking, desire, willingness; approval. Miyari aku bukun ha kūg-bayaꞌ ku. I didn’t come here of my own desire. kūg-kuyag v. ag mag-, -um-. To be happy, glad, or joyous; (for a large group of people) to make merry (esp. because of some important thing that has happened). Magkūg-kuyag kitaniyu sabab nalappas na siya. Let’s all be happy because he is already saved. Subay ta pakūg-kuyagun in maas ta. We have to make our parents happy.    adj. makūg-makuyag Happy, joyous, glad. kugang n. A crust that forms over a sore or wound during healing, scab. Ayaw aknita in kugang sin ugud mu. Don’t peel off the scab of your sore.    vt. ran -an. To rub off a scab. Kugangan ta in ugud mu ha supaya kaubatan. We will remove the scabs of your wound in order to apply medicine on them.    vi. act/pat mag-, -um-. To become covered with a scab, form a scab. Bang in paliꞌ malagguꞌ, pagtahay magkugang. If a wound is big, when it dries it forms a scab. kugaskas (var. kagaskas) n. The rustling sound (produced by things like leaves brushing against a wall, birds flying, or animals moving through brush). Dimāgan aku pagdungug ku sin kagaskas sin babuy talun. I ran when I heard the rustling of the wild pig.    v. act/pat mag-, -um-. To make such a rustling sound. Bang lumabay in babuy magkugaskas in manga dahun. When the pig passes by, the leaves rustle. OV SYN. kulanas, sagingsing kugdan 1 v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -iy-; ran -an. [kugdanun and kiyugdanan are not used.] To be hit (by something, as a stone, sickness, storm, bullet, or arrow). Kiyugdan siya sin pungluꞌ. He was hit by a bullet. Kiyugdan siya sin sakit ū atay. He was struck by cardiac disease. Kugdanan hunus in Sambuwangan. Zamboanga will be hit by a typhoon. 2 v. ag mag-; pat -iy-. To hit or do (something) properly, correctly, exactly. Kiyugdan mu, Utuꞌ. You hit it right, my boy. Kiyugdan sin pamikil mu. You’ve got the correct solution. Pakugdana da kunuꞌ in paghinang mu Indaꞌ. Do your work properly, my girl. Way nagkugdan in pagbutang mu tambuku. You didn’t place the buttons properly. OV SYN. amu1 3 v. act/pat -um-. To happen, occur. Kumugdan adlaw Sabtuꞌ in pagtiyaun. The wedding will occur on

a Saturday. Bang kumugdan kākuꞌ in bihān diꞌ ku hikapagmaap. If that thing happened to me I wouldn’t be able to forgive and forget. v. RC act/pat mag-. To be compatible. Diꞌ sila magkugdan. They are not compatible. kughak n. A louse (that lives on humans). Kari kaw īgan ta in manga kughak mu. Come here and let me remove your lice.    v. pat -un. To have lice. Kughakun kaw bang kaw matūg ha daig niya. You’ll have lice if you sleep beside her. OV SYN. kutu kugita n. An octupus. (See Appendix 2: Fish and Swimming Marine Creatures) kugnat v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. [Does not occur with pa₂.] To start or jump in alarm. Magkugnat aku bang aku pagkublaan. I usually jump in alarm when I’m frightened. Kugnatun ta hi Babuꞌ Sapiya. Let’s make Aunt Sapiya jump in alarm. Makakugnat in tingug sin dawgdug. The sound of the thunder makes me start in alarm. kugut 1 v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To grate (something, esp. coconut meat, with a grater). Kugutun ku kaymu in lahing. I’ll grate the coconut for you. Kugut kaw lahing hipaggataꞌ. Grate the coconut for making coconut milk. n. kugutan A grater, the instrument used for grating. Haunu mu biyutang in kugutan? Where did you put the grater? OV SYN.: *liis. 2 v. ag mang-; pat -un. To get (something, esp. money from someone) by fraud, threats, or misuse of authority, defraud or cheat (someone). Bang kaw kugutun sin nakuraꞌ mu sumbungan pa mataas. If you are cheated by your chief of office, report him to the higher up. adj. pangugut Prone to extort from others. Pangugut in tau yan. That man is prone to extort from others. n. mangungugut An extortionist. In mangungugut magpabugaꞌ ha manga tau pagpangayuan nila sīn. An extortionist threatens people he asks money from. OV SYN.: kungkaw, kustaw, *anyaya. *kuhal (var. huwal) v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un; ran pag-…-an. To mix, stir, or blend (something) with a ladle or spatula. Subay kuhalun in siyanglag bat diꞌ masunug. The roasted cassava should be stirred with a ladle so it won’t burn. Simakit in buktun niya ha pagkuhalan. Her arms became sore because of

mixing with a ladle.    n. kukuhal A spatula. kuham [Chiefly gimb.]v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To roast (cassava). Nagkuham siya panggiꞌ. She roasted cassava. Kuhamun ta in panggiꞌ ini. We will roast this cassava.    n. kiyuham A dish made of roasted cassava. Subay awn istaꞌ diyangdang hilamay ha kiyuham ini. There should be a roasted fish to go with this roasted cassava. Cf. siyanglag *sanglag kuhibal n. Actions, movement (see also hibal). Jiyagahan niya in katān kuhibal ku. He is watching all my movements.    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To move, be in motion; move (something). Nagkuhibal in bataꞌ-bataꞌ ha lawm tiyan. The baby moves inside the womb. Diꞌ na magkuhibal in tau nasasakit. The sick person doesn’t move any more. kignut-kuhibal (comp.) n. (One’s) actions or movements. *kuhig v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To move or rake (something that can’t be reached with the hand) closer with a stick (or similar object). Nagkuhig aku sin sīn nakasūd pa sawm sin kantil. I moved the money which went under the bed closer with a stick. Kuhiga in suruꞌ ha lawm pisak. Rake the spoon in the mud here with the stick. Hipagkuhig ku in bulaꞌ-bulaꞌ ini. I’ll use this stick to move (it) closer. OV SYN. kās 1, *kahig 1 *kuhit v. ag mag-, -um-; goal -un. To get or pick (something) with a stick or similar object, hook (something). Nagkuhit pa aku sin badjuꞌ nahulug pa pisak. I’m still picking with a stick the clothes which fell in the mud. Kuhitun ku in biyabas naggagantung. I’ll get that guava hanging on the tree with a stick. Kuhita ba in badjuꞌ. Nahulug pa pisak. Hook the dress. It fell in the mud. OV SYN. sungkit kuk batu n. A mentally weak or dull person. Mahunit hinduan in kuk batu. A person who is mentally weak is hard to teach. In kuk batu diꞌ makahāti. A dull-minded person can’t understand. kūka n. Collarbone, clavicle. Matampal in kūka sin tau makayug. The collarbone of a thin person is clearly seen.

kukam n. An animal of the monkey family found in Sabah.{Usu. inactive in the daytime but very active at night.} kuku (var. kukku) n. A fingernail, toenail, claw, hoof.    adj. kukuhan Having long fingernails or toenails. Kukuhan in tau yaun. That person has long fingernails. OV SYN. janggay 1 kuku putiꞌ n. White light cotton fabric (esp. used for wrapping a corpse). GENR. kakanaꞌ kukugauk n. The sound of the crowing of a rooster. Cf. tagauk kukuk n. A creature in oral literature that steals and hides people, esp. children.{Usu. takes the appearance of the child’s mother, father, or any relative or friend.} OV SYN. lagtaw, balbalan, apuꞌ bataꞌ comp. apuꞌ kukumung 1 n. Pincers (used by goldsmiths). Nabaliꞌ in kukumung sin magsasasal bulawan. The pincers of the goldsmith are broken. 2 n. A type of bamboo posthole digger. *kukus v. ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To wipe, dry (something with a rag or piece of cloth). Nagkukus aku sin lantay nabasaꞌ kaina. I wiped the floor that was wet a while ago. Kukusan ta in lummiꞌ ha lamisahan. Let’s wipe up the dirt on the table. OV SYN. *pahid, tarapu; Cf. *kuskus    v. ag mag-. To wipe the ground (doing something). Nagkukus sila nagluray ha sawm kahuy. They wiped the ground wrestling with each other under the tree. kukuung (var. kakuung) n. The bar of a yoke. SYN. saal *kula v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To bleach (something such as clothes) in the sun. Magkula aku sin diyakdakan ku. I’ll bleach my laundry in the sun. Kulaha in manga badjuꞌ putiꞌ. Bleach the white clothes in the sun.    n. pagkulahan A place for bleaching clothing. Ha taas atup mital sin bāy in pagkulahan nila. The place where they bleach clothing is on the galvanized iron roof of their house. kulaꞌ n. A ruffle, pleat (in cloth, lace, etc.). Way kulaꞌ sin badjuꞌ ku. My dress has no ruffles.

   v. ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To pleat or make ruffles (on cloth, lace and the like). Nagkulaꞌ aku sin badjuꞌ ku. I made ruffles on my dress. Kulai in kurtina yan! Pleat those curtains! kulabbuꞌ (gimb. equiv. of kutabbuꞌ) n The sound of something splashing into a liquid. kulaing n. An indigenous musical instrument.{Made of a strip of bamboo about 6-10 inches long with a string tied from one end of the bamboo to the other and played by plucking the string with the finger. It produces twanging tones resembling a Jew’s harp.}    v. ag mag-, -um-. To play such a musical instrument. Marayaw dungugun hi Hassan magkulaing. It’s nice to listen to Hassan playing the bamboo stringed instrument. OV SYN. suling, sawnay kulakub ū n. The cranium, skull, upper part of the head. In kulakub ū amu na in lukub sin ū. The skull is the cover of the head. kulambuꞌ n. A mosquito net; any thick net placed over a bed.    v. ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To put up or use such a net. Pagkulambuꞌ kaw matūg sabab mahilam. Put up a mosquito net when you sleep because there are lots of mosquitoes. OV SYN. muskitiru kulampiraꞌ 1 n. Any flatfish having both eyes on the same side (as the brills and soles). 2 adj. (Of a judgment) one-sided. Daugun hadja in hiyukum bang in paghukum sin manghuhukum hukuman kulampiraꞌ. The accused will always be guilty if the judge gives one-sided judgment. kulampit v. ag mag-, -um-, mang-; pat -un. To hang on (something) for support, support oneself (on something, as of a person weak from sickness). Nagkulampit siya miyanaw dayn ha huspital. He was supporting himself when he walked from the hospital. Subay mu kulampitun in buktun mu pa abaga niya. You have to hang your arms on his shoulder for support. kulanas n. A slithering or rustling sound (made by snakes, lizards, rats, etc.). Diyungug mu in kulanas sin hās kabii? Did you hear the slithering sound made by the snakes last night?    v. act/pat mag-, -um-. To make a hissing sound. Nagkulanas in manga ambaw kabii. The rats made a hissing sound last night. OV SYN. kugaskas kulang1 1 v. ag mag-, -um-. To lie down. Mangiꞌ ha tau kumulang bang kiyakansuban. It is not good for a person to lie down with a full stomach. Kulang kaw duun ha tilam. You lie down on the mattress.

Pakulanga na in bataꞌ. Lay the baby down. n. pagkulangan/kulangan Resting or sleeping place (as of a bed, berth, mattress, or mat). Malanuꞌ in pagkulangan ku ini. My resting place is clean. 2 n. kulangan A bed made up for a person who has just died.{Usu. a mat on the floor. It is believed that the spirit of the deceased remains at this bed for seven days before going to the grave.} kulang2 1 adj. Missing, less, lacking. Kulang pa hambuuk. One is missing yet. v. pat mag-; ran -an. (For something) to become less, be reduced; reduce, deduct, subtract (something). Nagkulang in sīn piyatawꞌ ku kaniya. The money which I kept with him was reduced. Kulangan ta in hinang ta bihayaun. We will reduce our work now. OV SYN.: kabus 1, *hilang. adv. kulang-kulang A few less than, almost (in number or amount). Kulang-kulang kayꞌman in miyatay sin sakit suka intawꞌ. There are almost fifty persons who died of cholera. 2 adj. kulang-kulang Peculiar, irrational, eccentric, unbalanced, mentally handicapped. In bataꞌ kulangkulang asal malugay umingat. A mentally handicapped child is naturally a slow learner. kulang labi adv. More or less, approximately. Nakabalanjaꞌ aku kulang labi hangibu pilak. I’ve spent more or less one thousand pesos. kulang siput adj. Peculiar, eccentric, unbalanced, having a screw loose; mentally handicapped. Kulang siput in Milikan yan. That American has a screw loose. Bang kaw tawagun sin tau naynti nayn in hāti niya kulang in siput mu. If someone calls you ninety nine it means you have a screw loose. kulangan bataꞌ n. Uterus, womb. In kulangan bataꞌ iban kulangan sin bataꞌ diꞌ magsibuꞌ. The womb and the sleeping place of a child are not the same. kulap n. Ichthyosis (a congenital disease in which the outer skin continually flakes off in large scales or plates). (See Appendix 8: Diseases)    v. pat -un. To become affected with such a disease. Bukun malugay kulapun kaw. Before long you’ll get ichthyosis. Makakulap in dagat bang diꞌ bunglawan sin tubig. Sea water can cause the outer skin to flake off if you don’t rinse with fresh water.    adj. kulapan Afflicted with such a disease. Kulapan in tau yaun. That man is covered with ichthyosis.

kulapuꞌ n. The sound produced by cracking or snapping (something). Bang makarungug kulapuꞌ ha taytayan tagama kaw malarak. If you hear a cracking sound on the bridge be alert, it might break off.    v. act/pat mag-, -um-. To make such a sound. Diꞌ magkulapuꞌ in bakul siki niya. His big toe won’t make a snapping sound. Pakulapuun ku in manga gulamay lima ku. I’ll crack my knuckles. Diꞌ aku maingat magpakulapuꞌ. I don’t know how to crack my knuckles. kularak n. The staccato sound, rattle, roar, or drumming (made by something falling in quantity, as rain falling on a galvanized iron roof, or sustained gunfire). Nakabatiꞌ aku sin kularak sin ulan kabii. I woke up last night because of the drumming of the rain.    v. act/pat mag-. To make such a sound. Magkularak in timbak bang dūm Tahun Baꞌgu. The shooting on New Year’s Eve makes a staccato roar. Cf. hulanug, anduhud, lagungkad kulasaꞌ n. An irregular succession of soft sounds, rustling sound (as of dry leaves moved by soft breeze or being stepped on). Way ku diyungug in kulasaꞌ sin manga dahun. I didn’t hear the rustling of the leaves.    v. act/pat -um-, mag-. To make a rustling sound. Bang mahangin, kumulasaꞌ in manga dahun. When it’s windy the leaves rustle. OV SYN. kulanas, kugaskas kulasug adj. makulasug Physically strong, having great strength. Makulasug in tau yan. That fellow is very strong. Subay tau makulasug in muhat sin hāg yan. A person should be strong in order to lift that post. kulat adj. [Usu. rdp.] Careless, inattentive, neglectful, clumsy (in doing something). In tau kulat diꞌ kapangandulan sin unu-unu hinang. A careless person can’t be trusted with any work. OV SYN. kasuꞌ-kasuꞌ *kulātay 1 v. ag mag-, -um-; ran/inst pag-…-an. To swing (from one branch or vine to another), cross (something) hand over hand. Nagkulātay in amuꞌ ha kabāgun-bāgunan. The monkey swung from one vine to another. Marayaw pagkulātayan in bāgun. Vines are good to use for swinging. 2 v. ag mag-, mag-…-an. To go from one house or place to another (in the same community). Magkulātay sadja sin kabāy-bāyan in hinang mu. All you do is go from one house to another. OV SYN. sāsab, *tāraꞌ

kulatik n. A drumming, a jingling or tinkling sound. Makusug in kulatik sin ulan ha atup mital. The drumming of the rain on a metal roof is loud.    v. act mag-, -um-. (For something) to jingle or tinkle (as of money in one’s pocket). Diyungug ku in sīn mu nagkulatik. I heard your money jingling. OV SYN. katik *kulatup n. pagkulatup The act or sound of crunching. Karungugan sampay mari in pagkulatup sin bātung ha lawm simud niya. You can hear the crunching of the peanuts in his mouth way over here.    v. act/pat mag-. To make a crunching sound when chewed. Magkulatup dakuman in mampallam bang bulak pa. Small green mangoes make a crunching sound when chewed. kulaub mata n. The socket of the eyeball, the eyehole. In kulaub mata amu na in kiyabubutangan sin mata. The socket of the eyeball is the place where the eye is lodged. kulayt n. A kerosene pressure lamp. Sūi na in kulayt sabab tigidlum na in hulaꞌ. You light the kerosene pressure lamps because it is already dark.    v. ag mag-. To use a pressure lamp. Magkulayt in manga tau bang wayruun ilaw dayn ha kurinti. People use pressure lamps when there are no electric lights.    v. ag mang-. To fish by the light of a pressure lamp. Mangulayt kami dūm ini. We’ll fish tonight by the light of a pressure lamp. OV SYN. lampu kulban (var. kurban) n. A ritual slaughtering of an animal (preferably a male goat).{Usu. performed on the tenth day or so of the month of Julhadjiꞌ. Performed so that the offerer may have something to ride on to heaven when he dies.} Mahalgaꞌ in kulban ha manga tau sin timpu kamaasan. The ritual slaughtering of a goat was very important to the people of olden times.    v. ag mag-. To perform such a ritual. In manga tau nakauna bang makarusa pa Tuhan subay magkulban. When the people of olden times committed sin against God they had to perform a ritual slaughtering. Cf. paghakika hakika *kuliꞌsung v. ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To frown (at someone), knit or wrinkle the brow, show disapproval or disappointment by frowning. Masiglaꞌ kaw lumaas bang kaw nagkukuliꞌsung sadja. You’ll become old very soon if you are always frowning. Kiyuliꞌsungan niya sadja aku. Diꞌ mabayaꞌ hinduan. He just frowned at me. He refused to be taught.

kuligkig n. A bargainer, esp. one who bargains for something too much.    adj. makuligkig Driving a hard bargain, insisting on a discount. Makuligkig in tau yan mamī-mī. That lady insists on a discount whenever she buys things.    v. ag mag-, -um-, mang-; pat -un. To bargain (for something) too much, drive a hard bargain. Bang mu yan kuligkigun ha magdaragang makawaꞌ mu da kayꞌman pilak. If you keep bargaining for it from the seller you’ll get it for fifty pesos only. OV SYN. kūꞌ *kulihik v. AR, AQ ag mag-, -um-; pat -un; ran -an. [No apparent difference between -un and -an.] To remove (something), pick (something) out (as a splinter, earwax, or food in a cavity of a tooth). Magkulihik aku sin tinga ha ipun ku. I’ll remove the food particles from my teeth. Kulihika in kaunun ha lungag ipun niya. Pick the rice out of the hole in his tooth. OV SYN. īg kuliik n. A shriek, whinny; sharp, shrill outcry (from a person or animal, usu. in pain). Diyungug ku in kuliik sin anak babuy. I heard the shrill cry of a baby pig.    v. ag mag-, -um-. To shriek, whine, cry out in a sharp, shrill manner. Nagkuliik sadja in anak iruꞌ kabii. The puppy kept crying shrilly last night. OV SYN. silawak, tulik kulikut v. ag mag-, -um-, mang-; pat -un. To connect two edges with an irregular whipstitch, interweave (as in crocheting). Nagkulikut in babai sin dagmay. The woman sewed the ragged clothes with an irregular whipstitch. In pagꞌanyam kulikutun sin hūk in tanud. In crocheting the loops of thread are interwoven by means of a hooked needle. OV SYN. bagsaꞌ *kulikut vt. ag mag-; pat -un. To twist, coil, twirl (something, as hair or a mustache). Ayaw mu na kulikuta in buhuk mu. Stop twisting your hair.    vi. pat ma-. To be or become twisted or entangled. Ayaw pagpanayami in bannang yan bat diꞌ makulikut. Don’t play with that string so it won’t become twisted. OV SYN. kallit; Cf. *libud, gumun, sagut kulintangan n. A musical instrument (consisting of eight or eleven small brass gongs graduated in size and arranged in a row on twine strung between two wooden holders). Makakitaꞌ kaw manga kulintangan bang awn pagtiyaun. You will be able to see a musical instrument of brass gongs when there is a wedding.

   v. ag mag-, -um-. To play such an instrument. Diꞌ aku maingat magkulintangan. I don’t know how to play the musical instrument of brass gongs. OV SYN. agung *kulisi v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To shell (something, as peanuts and corn). Tabangi kita magkulisi sin gandum ini. Help me shell this corn. Kulisiha in bātung yan, Indaꞌ. Shell those peanuts, Girlie. SYN. pisi kulit adj. Orange (in color). Kulit in sumping ini. These flowers are orange.    v. pat -un. To make something orange. Anjibihun ta kulit atawa kulitun ta sibuꞌ da. To dye something orange or to cause something to become orange means the same. kulitis n. A firecracker. Diꞌ makajari magdagang kulitis. Selling of firecrackers is prohibited.    v. ag mag-, -um-. To play with firecrackers. Ayaw kamu magkulitis. Saggawn kamu sin pulis. Don’t play with firecrackers. The police will arrest you. kullap adj. Characterized by habitual blinking of the eyes. Kullap in tau yaun. That fellow habitually blinks his eyes.    vt. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To bat or blink the eyes. Magkullap-kullap sadja siya bang ku asubuhun. She just simply blinks her eyes when I ask her. Kullapun hi Indaꞌ in mata niya bang siya mabayaꞌ ha pangasubu mu. Baby will blink her eyes if she wants what you asked of her.    vi. act/pat mag-. (For a light or flame) to flicker. Awn ilaw magkullap ha puntuk būd. There’s a light flickering on top of the mountain. OV SYN. *kudjap, *kindat kulliꞌ 1 v. ag mang-, mag-; pat -un; ran -an. To inveigle, persuade (someone) by trickery; cheat, deceive (someone, usu. pertaining to money and other forms of wealth). Kiyullian niya in sīn ku. He got some of my money by trickery. OV SYN. akkal 2, *anyaya 2 v. ag mag-; pat -un. To tease, joke with (someone). Ayaw na mayan magkulliꞌ. Maas na kamu. Stop teasing each other. You are too old for that. Kulliun nila na mayan in bataꞌ bat tumangis. They keep on teasing the child so that it will cry. kulluk adj. Bent, curved, warped. Kulluk in sanga kahuy ini. This twig is bent.    vt. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un; ran -an. To bend, curve (something). Magkulluk siya matūg. He curves when sleeping. Wayruun tau makakulluk sin bawgan panaꞌ ini. No one can bend this bow. Bang mu

kullukun in bulaꞌ mabaliꞌ. If you bend a bamboo strip it will break. Makulluk sadja in bawgan panaꞌ ini bang tau makusug. This bow can only be bent by a strong man. Kullukan ku in duhul sin panaꞌ ini. I’ll bend the end of this bow. OV SYN. bingkuk 1, kalluk; Cf. kawk kullung adj. Curved, bent inward, bent over. Kullung na in taykud sin maas usug yaun. The back of that old man is already bent over. OV SYN. dungkug    v. ag -um-, mag-; pat -un. To curve one’s back or bend oneself, curl up. Subay kamu kumullung bat kitaniyu magtuput ha kulangan. You should curl up so all of us can be accomodated in this sleeping place. OV SYN. kawk, kulluk, kalluk; Cf. lantik kullus (gimb. kuꞌlus, var. *kūs) 1 adj. Withered. Bukun na marayaw bang in mampallam kullus na. It’s not good if the mangoes are withered. v. act/pat -um-. To wither; (for a swelling or bump) to subside; (for a person or animal) to lose weight; (for a tire, balloon, etc.) to lose air (and so get smaller). Subay na kumullus in hubag ampa ta larutan in ipun mu. The swelling should subside and then we can pull your tooth. Diꞌ kaw kumullus bang bihān in basag mu kumaun. You won’t lose weight if you keep on eating that much. OV SYN.: kuppus. 2 v. act mang-. To feel ill at ease or embarrassed. Aku in mangullus bang siya magpaandig sin pasal sin dalas sin pagkaun. I am the one embarrassed if she insinuated about wasting the food. kulung n. A curl, ringlet (as of hair). Malingkat in kulung sin buhuk niya. Her curls are pretty.    adj. Curly, in ringlets. Kulung in buhuk niya. She has curly hair. OV SYN. kingki, kumassalun    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To curl (someone’s hair). Matagi in manga babai magkulung sin buhuk nila. Women are fond of curling their hair. Kulungun ta in buhuk mu. I’ll curl your hair. OV SYN. *kulikut, gumun kumalaꞌ n. A fabulous gem (often mentioned in legends). Laung nila sukuran in tau makabāk kumalaꞌ. They say that a person who finds a fabulous gem is lucky. OV SYN. intan 1, dilam, gīk, yakut kumandil (Eng.) n. Commander, commanding officer. kumassalun adj. (Of the hair of people’s heads) naturally curly or wavy. Kumassalun in buhuk niya. Her hair is naturally curly. OV SYN. kulung, kingki

kumba n. The lungs (of animals). Diꞌ siya magkaun kumba sin manuk. He does not eat the lungs of chickens. kumbatul 1 n. A tumor (any swelling and hardened mass of tissue in any part of the body). v. act/pat mag-, -um-; pat -un. To swell and harden like a tumor. Awn magkumbatul unud ha abaga niya. There’s a mass on his shoulder that has swollen and hardened. Cf.: butikul 1.1. adj. kumbatulan Having many hardened places (as of fruit, esp. ripe bananas). Kumbatulan in sayng binī ku. The bananas I bought have hard places in them. 2 v. ag mag-. To keep one’s feeling or sentiment to oneself. Lindu kan Mussaꞌ taktak, nagkumbatul waꞌ mustak. He silently kept his love for Mussaꞌ (lit. Romantic love for Mussaꞌ was like a tumor not breaking). kumbun (var. of kimbun) v To hide (something), shade or cover (something so as to hide it). *kumkum 1 v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To close (the hand) into a fist, hold (something) in one’s fist. Kumkuma in lima mu. Close your fist. Kumkuma mahugut in sīn. Hold the money tightly in your fist. n. kiyumkuman A fistful. 2 n. kiyumkuman Power, jurisdiction, authority (always with ha lawm [sin]). In unu-unu katān yadtu ha lawm kiyumkuman sin Tuhan. Everything lies in God’s power. OV SYN. kapatutan patut kummiꞌ adj. Having a hollow (made in a surface by a blow or pressure), dented. Kummiꞌ in ū sin awtu. The hood of the car is dented.    vt. ag mag-; pat -un. To make (something) hollow, dent (something, as a box or tin can). Hisiyu in nagkummiꞌ sin mital ini? Who dented this can? Ayaw kummia in mital-mital yan. Don’t dent that tin can.    vi. ST pat ma-. To be or become hollow or dented. Makummiꞌ sa yan in labban bang mu lingkuran. That box will become dented if you sit on it. OV SYN. kuppiꞌ kummit (var. of kimmit) n Thriftiness. *kummus v. AR ag mag-; ran -an. To cover (someone who is cold or chilly) with a thick blanket.

Kummusi in bataꞌ-bataꞌ. Mahaggut in hulaꞌ. Cover the child with a thick blanket. It’s cold. OV SYN. siub *kumpas v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To think about (a matter), reckon, calculate. Kumpasa naa marayaw ampa kaw manaw. Think well about it first before you go. Kiyumpas ku in layuꞌ sin Bangngas pa jambatan. I calculated the distance of Bangngas from the wharf.    n. kumpasan Thinking, reckoning, calculation. Ha kumpasan ku, manga duwangka-jam bugsayun harap pa Bangngas. By my calculation it’s approximately two hours paddling to get to Bangngas. OV SYN. pikil, taliꞌ, *bista kumpiꞌ n. A fold, hem (as of the edge of a garment). Tastasa in kumpiꞌ sin badjuꞌ niya. Rip out the hem of her dress.    v. AR ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To fold or hem (something, as a garment). Subay kumpian in duhul badjuꞌ mu bat sumarang in habaꞌ. You must hem the edge of your dress so the length will be right. OV SYN. lupiꞌ kumpit1 v. AR ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To clutch, hold, grasp, seize, hold on to (something). Magkumpit aku ha iban ku bang sumakat pa lansa. I hold on to my companion when I get on a launch. Kumpit kaw mahugut bat kaw diꞌ mahulug. You hold on tight so that you won’t fall. Kumpiti mahugut bat diꞌ mahulug. Hold it tight so it won’t fall. OV SYN. kaput1 1.1, ulin kumpit2 n. A large boat similar to a launch (normally having no motor and usu. propelled by a sail). Mabiskay in kumpit piyagꞌagaran namuꞌ pa Bongao. The large sailboat that we sailed on for Bongao is fast. OV SYN. lipa, piddas; Cf. lansa kumpul 1 vt. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To mold or press (something) into a ball (with the hands, as fine, soft earth, or sand). Nagkumpul siya sin lupaꞌ. He is molding the soil into a ball. Kumpul kaw buhangin, magtiluꞌ-tiluꞌ kita. Press sand into a ball, we will play toss and catch. Kumpulun ta in lupaꞌ. Let’s mold the dirt. vi. pat ma-. To coagulate, clot (as of blood). Nakumpul in duguꞌ. The blood clotted. 2 v. ag mag-. To gather together (for mutual care and protection, esp. during a crisis). Nagkumpul in katān maglahasiyaꞌ ha hambuuk bāy ha waktu sin pagbunuꞌ. All the relatives gathered together in one

house during the fighting. 3 n. A unit of weight (for silver and gold) equiv. to about 37 grams. (One kumpul = 100 sussuk.) Dīhilan siya sin inaꞌ niya hangka-kumpul bulawan. She was given by her mother one 37-gram unit of gold. Cf. sussuk1 kūmu n. Underbrush, heavy undergrowth, thicket. Didtu kita ha kūmu tumapuk. We’ll hide there in the underbrush.    adj. makūmu Covered with bushes, thick with undergrowth. Makūmu in lugal piyagtapukan namuꞌ hangkan way kami kītaꞌ. The place where we hid is covered with bushes that is why we were not seen. OV SYN. kātian, gulangan kumuꞌ adj. Crumpled, having creases. Kumuꞌ in badjuꞌ mu, subay pilinsahun. Your dress is crumpled, it needs to be pressed.    vt. CH 1 ag mag-; pat -un. To crumple, wrinkle (something), make creases (in something). Ayaw kumua in badjuꞌ mu. Don’t wrinkle your dress. Subay diꞌ kumuun in tamungun bat marayaw kitaun. Clothes should not be crumpled so that they will look good.    vi. ST pat ma-. To be or become crumpled or wrinkled. Ayaw lupia in badjuꞌ yan bat diꞌ makumuꞌ. Don’t fold that dress so it won’t become wrinkled. SYN. kumut; OV SYN. kunut 1, kusut kumut adj. Crumpled, having creases. Kumut in badjuꞌ niya, walaꞌ napilinsa. Her dress is crumpled, it was not ironed.    vt. CH 1 ag mag-; pat -un. To crumple (something), make creases (in something). Kumutun ku sān in kātas yan. I’ll crumple that paper.    vi. ST pat ma-. To be or become crumpled or creased. Pilinsaha bang yan makumut. Iron that if it becomes crumpled. SYN. kumuꞌ; OV SYN. kusut, kunut 1 kundat (var. of *kindat) v To raise an eyebrow (at someone), wink (at someone). kunisa (var. of kuꞌnisa) adv The day after tomorrow. kunsi v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un; ran pag-…-an. To conspire with another (in wrongdoing). In sundalu iban sin mundu nagkukunsi. The soldier and the outlaw conspired. OV SYN. sapali

kunsiꞌ n. A key (for locking or unlocking something). Haunu mu biyutang in kunsiꞌ? Where did you put the key?    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un, -an. To unlock or lock (something). Kunsiun ku in lawang bat kaw diꞌ makaguwaꞌ. I’ll lock the door so you can’t come out. kunsūm (var. kinsūm; kunsum) adv. Tomorrow. Kunsūm ku na dāhun in pattaꞌ mu. I’ll just bring your picture tomorrow.    adv. kakunsūman Till tomorrow. Tagaran ta kaw kakunsūman. I will wait for you until tomorow.    adv. pagkukunsūmun A day before; soon. Pagkukunsūmun in adlaw pitu subay kamu dī na. You must be here a day before the seventh day death celebration. Subay kitaniyu magsakap-sakap na sabab pagkukunsūmun na in datung nila. We should get ready now because their arrival will be soon. kuntara (Tag.) n. An opponent, adversary. Diyaug niya in kuntara niya. He defeated his opponent.    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To oppose (something), contradict (a statement). Ayaw kuntaraha in bissara niya. Don’t contradict what he says. OV SYN. sulang kuntaw n. (Indonesian) judo. Awn bagay ku ha Batu-batu maingat magkuntaw. I have a friend in Batubatu who knows judo.    v. ag mag-. To perform such an art of self-defense. In magkuntaw kandī dayn sin magbayla. Judo is different from dancing. kunuꞌ 1 adv. Quotative particle for indirect speech, he/she says, they say, according to.{Disclaims responsibility for speech quoted.} Mari siya kunuꞌ kunsūm. He will come, he says, tomorrow. Laung kunuꞌ hi Abdul, dumatung hi amaꞌ adlaw ini. According to Abdul, father will arrive today. v. ran -an. To include this particle in one’s speech. Hi Abdul kunuꞌ in namunuꞌ. Kunuan ku sadja, sabab walaꞌ ku kītaꞌ. They say Abdul was the killer. I just said ‘they say’, because I didn’t see it. 2 adv. Euphonic particle for politeness. Kari kaw kunuꞌ. Please come. kunut 1 adj. Wrinkled, having creases, crumpled. Kunut na in bayhuꞌ niya. Her face is wrinkled. Kunut in badjuꞌ niya. Her dress is crumpled. vt. CH 1 ag mag-; pat -un; ran -an. To crumple (something), make creases (in something). Kunutun ku in kātas ini. I’ll crumple this paper.

vi. act/pat mang-, -um-; pat ma-. To be or become wrinkled. Mangunut na in pais mu bang kaw maas na. Your skin will become wrinkled when you grow old. Kumunut in bayhuꞌ ku. My face will become wrinkled. OV SYN.: kumuꞌ, kumut, kusut. 2 v. ag mag-; pat -un; ran -an. To pleat or make ruffles (on something, as a dress or curtain). Bang hinangun palda subay kunutan. If you make a skirt you should pleat it. OV SYN. *kula kūngan n. A cage for animals (esp. birds and fowl). Luunan in agap ha kūngan. Put the parrot inside the cage. OV SYN. kural, pagal kungkaw n. Swindling. Mangiꞌ in hinang kungkaw. The act of swindling is bad.    v. ag mang-; pat -un. To swindle (something). Ayaw mangungkaw altaꞌ sin tau. Don’t (be tempted) to swindle the property of others.    n. mangungungkaw A swindler. Kamayaꞌ kaw ha tau yan; mangungungkaw. Be careful of that man because he is a swindler. OV SYN. kulliꞌ 1, kustaw kungkung adj. Bent over, curled up (from illness, age, fear, or joy, thus fearful, trembling, cowering). Kungkung na siya dimāgan sabab sin bugaꞌ. He runs bent and trembling because of fear. Kungkung in gulamay lima niya. Her fingers are curled up. Kungkung na siya timabuk sin sīn. He was curled up (with joy) when he received the money.    vi. act/pat mang-, -um-. To curl up or cower (as from cold or fear). Mangungkung sa kān sin haggut ha Nasuli. You will curl up from cold at Nasuli. OV SYN. kullung kūp 1 n. Dusk, twilight. Buhia na in ilaw kūp na. Turn on the light, it is already dusk. OV SYN. magrib 2, mahapun *hapun, dūm 2 v. ST pat -um-. (For the moon) to wane. Kimūp na in bulan. The moon is now waning. n. kūpan The waning moon. Hangka-adlaw dayn ha damlag, hangka-kūpan na. One day after the full moon is the first day of the waning moon. ANT.: subangan subang 1.2. kupkup v. AR ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To hold (something) against one’s chest (as a mother holding a child), hide oneself (on or against something). Kupkupi in bataꞌ-bataꞌ bat diꞌ kublaan sin dawgdug. Hold the child against your chest so she won’t be startled by the thunder. Kupkup kaw ha inaꞌ mu. Hide against your mother. OV SYN. *gulgul

kuppang n. A mollusk. Awn da isab kuppang way pais niya biyaꞌ na sin kanuus iban kugita. There are also mollusks that don’t have shells, like the squids and the octopuses. (See Appendix 3: Seashells, Seaweeds, etc.) kuppiꞌ adj. Flat, having little or no depression or elevation. Kuppiꞌ in ū sin bataꞌ yaun. That child’s head is flat.    vt. CH 1 pat -un. To flatten (something). Kiyuppiꞌ ku in mital sin tukul. I flattened the can with a hammer. Nakuppiꞌ in mital sin tukul. The can was flattened by the hammer. Cf. kummiꞌ, kuppis kuppis adj. Thin, lacking thickness, empty, (as of the stomach, a pillow, tire, balloon, or sack of rice). Kuppis in tiyan sabab walaꞌ nakakaun duwa adlaw. Her stomach is empty for she has not eaten for two days.    v. ST pat -um-. To be or become thinner. Pakuppisun ta in ūan ini matugas tuud. Let’s make the pillow thinner. It’s very hard. Cf. kuppus kuppiya n. A brimless skull cap (usu. worn by an imam or hadjiꞌ), fez.    v. ag mag-, -um-. To wear this type of cap. Subay in hadjiꞌ magkuppiya atawa magsurban. A pilgrim should wear a skull cap or a turban. Pagkuppiya kaw bang magsambahayang. Wear your fez when you pray. OV SYN. saruk, surban kuppung n. A well, pit (dug to obtain water). Sawk kaw tubig ha kuppung. You fetch water from the well. SYN. tubig kaliꞌ; OV SYN. tubig lunggang kuppus adj. Subsided (of a boil, abscess, swelling on the body). Kuppus na in bawtut niya. His boil is subsided.    v. ST pat -um-. To subside. Kumuppus da sa yan in hubag. The swelling will subside soon. Cf. kuppis kupul adj. Blasphemous. Ayaw kaw magbichara kupul pa Tuhan. Don’t say what is blasphemous to God. Kupul in imiyan way Tuhan. To say that there’s no God is blasphemous.    v. pat ma-. [Agent can only be God or God’s law. Agent is not focused. Does not occur with pa₂.] To commit blasphemy, become blasphemous. Makupul kaw bang kaw imiyan mabuhiꞌ mu in patay. You’ll commit blasphemy if you say you can restore a dead man to life. OV SYN. pangkal

kuraꞌ 1 n. A horse. Malingkat in kuraꞌ sin sultan. The horse of the king is beautiful. v. ag mang-, -um-; ran -an, pang-…-an. To ride (on the back of a horse, cow, carabao, etc.). Manguraꞌ kita ha kuraꞌ-kuraꞌ. Let’s ride on a merry-go-round horse. Papanguraa aku ha taykud mu. Let me ride on your back. n. kuraꞌ-kuraꞌ A bench, hobbyhorse, merry-go-round. Masūb in manga bataꞌ-bataꞌ magꞌagad ha kuraꞌ-kuraꞌ. The children are fond of riding a merry-go-round. v. rdp. TV ag mag-, -um-; goal -un. To crawl on all fours. Nagkuraꞌ-kuraꞌ in bataꞌ ha lantay. The child is crawling on the floor. Kuraꞌ-kuraun ta kunuꞌ madtu bang sila yaun pa. Let’s crawl and see if they are still there. 2 n. (In chess) the knight. 3 n. (Of engines) horsepower. Hangpuꞌ kuraꞌ in kusug sin makina niya. The power of his engine is ten horsepower. Kuraan n. The Holy Koran (the holy book believed by Muslims to have been revealed to the Prophet Muhammad). Magkahagad subay in katān Muslimin ha Kuraan. All Muslims should believe the Holy Koran. OV SYN. kitab, kaban1 kurak adj. A few, little amount or quantity (always preceded by hangka). Hangka-kurak da istaꞌ in lamay namuꞌ kabii. We only had a little amount of fish for meat last night. SYN. janning, tiyuꞌ-tiyuꞌ *tiyuꞌ kural (Eng.) n. An enclosure, corral, pen (for large animals).    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To make an enclosure, corral, pen; confine (animals) in a corral. Kuralun ta in manga sapiꞌ. We’ll corral the cows. OV SYN. pagal kurap (Eng.) v. ag mag-, mang-, -um-; pat -un. To swindle, embezzle (something). Mangiꞌ ha tau mangurap sīn sin tau. It’s not good for a person to swindle the money of people. Kiyurap niya na isab in sīn ku kahapun. Again he swindled my money yesterday. kurban (var. of kulban) n A ritual slaughtering of an animal. kuriꞌ 1 n. A piece, fragment from a whole bundle (as of fish, cake, or bread). Dihili ba aku hangka-kuriꞌ istaꞌ. Will you give me a piece of fish?

v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un; ran -an. To tear off (something), take a piece or a bit (of something). Ayaw kuria in tinapay yan. Don’t take a piece of that bread. 2 n. A bundle (of sarong, usu. 20 pieces in one package). Pilangka-kuriꞌ tadjung in bīhun mu? How many bundles of sarong will you buy? kurinti (Tag.) n. Electric current. Mahunit maghinang bang way kurinti. It’s hard to work when there is no electric current.    adj. Electric. In manga tau mamumunuꞌ pagpalingkurun ha lingkuran kurinti. Murderers are made to sit on an electric chair.    vi. ST pat ma-. To be injured or killed with a charge of electricity. Kamayaꞌ kaw makurinti in baran mu. Be careful, your body might be injured by a charge of electricity.    vt. pat -un. To electrocute (someone), shock (someone) with electric current. Kurintihun nila in pilisu. They’ll electrocute the prisoner. OV SYN. *kudjut kuriput (Tag.) adj. Mean in spending or giving money, stingy. In tau kuriput kulang in bagay niya. A stingy person lacks friends. OV SYN. ikutan/maikut ikut, paysiꞌ *kurruk v. AQ ag/goal mag-; pat -un. To call a chicken (with a clucking sound; onomatopoeic). Kurrukun ta in manuk. Let’s call the chickens. OV SYN. tawag kursiꞌ n. The throne of God. *kurti v. ag magpa-. To have one’s hair cut. Kunsūm na aku magpakurti. I’ll have my hair cut tomorrow. OV SYN. gunting 1 kurtina (Tag.) n. A curtain. Hinangan ta kurtina in tandawan. We’ll make a curtain for the window.    v. AR ag mag-; ran -an. To curtain off (a place), provide or decorate with a curtain. Kurtinahi in tandawan. Put a curtain on the window. OV SYN. tabil kuruꞌ 1 v. ag mag-, -um-. To hang down one’s head and look eagerly at something for quite a time (usu. of someone who gambles or stays in a gambling den and watches other gamblers for quite a time). In tau nagkukuruꞌ sadja ha pagpanayaman mahinang pananayam. A fellow who is always looking eagerly at the gambling den will become a gambler. OV SYN. *aruꞌ

2 v. ag mag-; pat pag-…-un. To try to stay awake. Minsan siya naglinggayuꞌ na sin karuꞌ masi namān siya nagkukuruꞌ ha pagꞌinuman. Even though his head keeps dropping from tiredness he’s still trying to stay awake at the drinking session. *kūs (var. of kullus) adj Withered. kusiꞌ v. ag -um-; pat -un. To make a face, grimace (usu. in pain). Masandal in tau yan, bang huyaun sin duktur in paliꞌ niya kumusiꞌ sadja. That fellow can stand a lot (of pain). When the doctor cuts into his wound he just grimaces. *kuskus v. AR ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To scour or polish (something, as dirty cooking pots), scrub (something, as a floor). Kuskusi in bangaꞌ yan sin bunut. Scour the casserole with a piece of coconut husk. Cf. tarapu, lampasu, *pahid, *kukus kuskus balungus n. Needless things to do (that prevent one from work or finishing one’s work), many needless troubles and disturbances, red tape. Mataud tuud kuskus balungus amu na in diꞌ hikatalus sin hinang ta. The many needless things to do are the things which prevent us from finishing our work. kussil (gimb. kissil) n. Softness, staleness (as of peanuts or pastries). Biyaꞌ da ha yan in kussil sin bātung binī ku. The staleness of the peanuts I bought was like that.    adj. makussil No longer brittle or crispy. Makussil na in bātung yan. Those peanuts are no longer crispy.    v. act/pat -um-, mag-. To lose crispness or brittleness. Kumussil in bangbang bang kahanginan. The cookies will lose their crispness if they are exposed to air. ANT. lapuk *kussuꞌ v. CH 1 ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To poke (something, usu. with a finger or some elongated object). Ayaw kussua in pagkaun. Don’t poke the food. Kiyussuꞌ niya in mata sin bataꞌ yaun. He poked the eyes of that child. kustaw n. Embezzlement. Tiyuntutan siya sin parakalaꞌ kustaw. He was taken to court for embezzlement.    v. ag mang-; pat -un, -an. To embezzle (something, esp. money). Ayaw kustawa in sīn sin iban mu nagbisnis. Don’t embezzle the money of your business associate.    n. pangustaw Prone to embezzle. Kamayaꞌ kaw ha tau yan sabab pangustaw. Be careful of that man

because he is prone to embezzle. OV SYN. kugut 2, kulliꞌ 1, kungkaw kusu v. CH 1 ag mag-; pat -un. To move or rub (one’s hand, a cloth, etc. on a surface or object with pressure and friction). Ayaw kusuha in mata mu. Don’t rub your eyes.    v. AR ag mag-; ran -an. To remove (something) by brushing off or rubbing. Kusuhi in lummiꞌ ha badjuꞌ mu. Rub off the dirt from your dress. kusug 1 n. Strength, power, vigor. Kiyalawaan aku kusug. I lost strength. adj. makusug Strong, vigorous, powerful; (of rain, coughing) heavy. Anak siya sin sultan makusug. He is the son of a powerful king. OV SYN.: basag 1, kawasa. vt. CH 1 pat -un. To make stronger, more powerful, exert a greater effort. Kusugun ta in pagtūd sin jīp. Let’s make the pushing of the jeep stronger (i.e., push it harder). vi. ST pat -um-. To become strong. Diꞌ kaw kumusug bang kaw diꞌ kumaun. You won’t become strong if you don’t eat. 2 v. AR ag mag-; ran -an. To support (something, as a candidacy, argument, or lawsuit). Subay mu kusugan in pagdāgan niya mayul ha kawman ini. You should support his candidacy for mayor in this district. OV SYN. bawgbug makusug (derv.) v. To work hard or use one’s influence, money, etc. (to help or hurt someone). kusut adj. Wrinkled, not smooth, not pressed, not tidy (as of clothing and the like). Diꞌ aku manaw bang kusut in badjuꞌ ku. I’ll not go out if my clothing is wrinkled.    vi. ST pat ma-. To become untidy, not pressed. Ayaw kamu magpanayam ha kulangan bat diꞌ makusut. Don’t play on the bed so it won’t become untidy.    vt. CH 1 pat -un. To render (something) untidy, wrinkle (something). Bang mu yan kusutun way na hipagbadjuꞌ mu kinsūm. If you wrinkle it, you won’t have anything to wear tomorrow. OV SYN. kumut, kunut 1 kutaꞌ n. A fort, stone wall, fortifications. Mapagun in paghinang nila kutaꞌ. The way the fort is made it’s durable.    v. AR ag mag-; ran -an. To build a fort or stone wall, fortify (a place). Magkutaꞌ na kitaniyu bat diꞌ kita magubat sin banta. We will build a fort so we won’t be attacked by the enemy.    v. CH 1 pat -un. To enclose (something) within a fort. Kutaun sin tau in bāy. The people will make a

fort around the house. Kiyukutaꞌ in lugal nila. Their place is enclosed within a fort. kutabbuꞌ (gimb. kulabbuꞌ) n. The sound of something splashing into a liquid.    v. act/pat -um-, mag-. To splash, make a splash (referring to the sound). Dūm-dūm magkutabbuꞌ in istaꞌ ha lawm dagat. Every night the fish splash in the sea. kutad adj. Straight, smooth, well-pressed (as of clothes or sheets). (also makutad). Bukun kutad in badjuꞌ niya. Her dress is not well pressed. Makutad tuud in kapilinsa sin badjuꞌ niya. The ironing of her dress is very smooth.    v. ag mag- -um-; pat -un. To straighten, smooth (something, as a bed); press (clothes). Kutara in kulangan mu pagbatiꞌ mu. Straighten your bed as soon as you get up. Pakutara in badjuꞌ mu bang kaw magpilinsa. Make your dress smooth when you iron. OV SYN. *hutad, bitad, hinit, *bisud; ANT. kunut 1 kuti n. Extreme anger, indignation; scorn.    v. act/pat mag-, -um-; ran -an. To become extremely angry, indignant; become scornful. Kutihan kaw tuud bang mu kaingatan in karupangan niya. You’ll get extremely angry if you know his foolishness. OV SYN. amā, dugal, astul, bunsi kuti-kuti n. An animal disease (esp. of cattle and carabao, characterized by a falling off of fur and swollen granules on the skin). OV SYN. kawtkut *kutik v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To snap two fingers (together making a sound). Kutikun ku in gulamay lima ku. I will snap my fingers.    v. goal -an. To give a signal by snapping one’s fingers, to snap fingers (at someone). Kutikan ku sadja siya, mari na. I’ll just snap my fingers at him and he will come. Cf. kulapuꞌ, lagpiꞌ kuting n. A cat. Laung sin kamaasan makabusung in magpamatay kuting. The old folks say it brings retribution to kill a cat. (See Appendix 4: Animals, Non-flying) kutkut n. A bite. Dihili aku hangka-kutkut tinapay. Give me one bite of bread. Mabisa in kutkut lahipan. A centipede’s bite is painful.    v. ag mang-; pat -un; ran -an. [-an refers to biting a small portion.] To bite (something). Bang mu aku

kutkutun bagahun ta kaw. If you bite me, I’m going to slap you. Hipakutkut ta kaw ha iruꞌ ku. I’ll let my dog bite you. kuttang adj. (With kamisita) sleeveless.{A sleeveless undershirt is also called kamisita sagnat.} In kamisita kuttang binī ku sarang kaniya. The sleeveless T-shirt I bought fits him. kutu n. A flea, louse (as on human hair or animal’s flesh).    vi. ST pat -un. To be or become infected with lice. Kutuhun in iruꞌ bang diꞌ payguan. The dog will be infected with lice if not given a bath. Kutuhun kaw bang kaw magtūg ha daig sin kiyukutu. You will get lice if you sleep beside someone who has lice.    vt. AR ag mag-; ran -an. To delouse (someone). Kāꞌ kaw dunggut. Kutuhan ta kaw. Get the bamboo stick for delousing. I will delouse you. Kutuhi in bataꞌ yan. Mataud in kutu niya. Delouse that child. She has a lot of lice. OV SYN. tuma; Cf. lisaꞌ, kuyumad kutuꞌ-kutuꞌ 1 n. A queasy feeling in the stomach. v. act/pat mag-, -um-. To feel queasy in the stomach. Magkutuꞌ-kutuꞌ in tiyan bang hapdiun. The stomach feels queasy when it’s hungry. 2 n. An uneasy feeling, doubts, misgivings. Bang awn kutuꞌ-kutuꞌ sin atay mu kari kaw kākuꞌ. If you have any doubts come to me. Bang awn kutuꞌ-kutuꞌ sin pangatayan mu pasal sin sīn piyarā mu kākuꞌ baytai aku. You tell me if you have any doubts concerning the money you sent through me. v. act mag-, -um-. To feel uneasy, have doubts or misgivings. Magkutuꞌ-kutuꞌ in atay ku ha tau yan. I have misgivings about that fellow. OV SYN.: hawal-hawal, duwa-ruwa duwa 2. kutubibang n. A tick. (See Appendix 1: Birds and Flying Insects) kutul adj. (Of branches or twigs, fruit, vegetables) broken off (from the tree or plant). Iyambat ku kiyawaꞌ in kutul kahuy nakanat ha lupaꞌ. I gathered all the broken twigs that scattered on the ground.    v. ag mag-, -um-, mang-; pat -un. To break off (fruit from a branch, vegetables from a stalk, or a small branch with the hand). Nagkutul siya bunga mampallam dayn ha sanga asibiꞌ. He is breaking mangoes from the small branches. Nagkutul siya sanga asibiꞌ. He is breaking small branches. Kutula in sanga. Break the branch. OV SYN. pusuꞌ1, baliꞌ 1 *kutup v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To bite or take a nip of (something, usu. hot chili peppers). Awn tau

masandal magkutup lara. There are people who can stand to bite hot peppers. Kutupun ku in lara yan. I’ll bite that hot pepper. Cf. supaꞌ kuug adj. (Of the shoulders) bent forward. Kuug in tau yaun. That man is bent forward.    v. pat ma-. For one’s shoulders to be bent forward. Lumugay makuug kaw bang kaw naglilingkud sadja. Sooner or later your shoulders will be bent forward if you’re always sitting down. OV SYN. dungkug kuuk n. A cockroach. Mataud tuud kuuk ha lawm sin paradul namuꞌ. There are so many cockroaches inside our closet. (See Appendix 1: Birds and Flying Insects)    v. pat -un. To be or become infested with cockroaches. Lumugay kuukun in bāy ini. After a while this house will be infested with cockroaches.    adj. makuuk Having plenty of cockroaches. Makuuk in lawm sin budiga. The inside of the warehouse has plenty of cockroaches. *kuut 1 v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To draw or pick (something) out (of the mouth, a pocket, bag, container, etc.) with the hand. Kiyuut ku in apul ha lawm simud niya. I drew the coagulated blood out of her mouth. Kuuta in sīn ha lawm bulsa niya. Pick the money out of his pocket. OV SYN.: hublut, *kulihik. n. mangunguut A pickpocket. Nasaggaw sin pulis in manga mangunguut ha tabuꞌ. The police arrested the pickpockets at the market. 2.1 v. ag -um-, mag-. To buy a piece of paper bearing one of the numbers in a lottery type game of chance; draw (a number). Bang kaw mabayaꞌ kumuut karian in hambuuk pilak mu. If you want to draw (a number), give me your peso. 2.2 n. rdp. A punch board, a game of chance played by drawing lots. Masūb in kabataan magpanayam kuut-kuut. Children enjoy playing games of chance by drawing lots. v. rdp. ag mag-. To play a game of chance; draw a lot (as in deciding a matter by chance). Subay magkuut-kuut bang magdihil sin manga tamungun yan. When those clothes are given out, it should be by drawing lots. OV SYN.: rīpa. kuwa n. An intimate term of endearment (used by husband and wife in speaking to or calling each other). Kuwa dayang, kāa ba yadtu kākuꞌ. Honey, get that for me.

kuwakuꞌ n. A pipe (for smoking tobacco). Kuwakuꞌ in pagsigahan sin apuꞌ ku. My grandfather used a pipe for smoking. OV SYN. hungsuy kuwan n. Thingamajig, thingamabob, what’s-it, what’s-his/her-name (a word used for whatever one cannot immediately or exactly express, but is usu. understood). Yadtu ku kiyabīn in ubat kan kuwan. I left the medicine there with what’s-his-name.    v. [Has the affixes of the word for which it is put.] To __________; to ___________ (something); to do ___________ (to something). Ayaw kuwana yan. Don’t ___________ that. kuwat n. {Archaic} Physical power, might, strength. Biyaꞌ siya sin kuwat hi Bagindaꞌ Aliꞌ. He has the strength of Baginda Ali. OV SYN. kusug 1 kuyag [See also kūg.]n. Happiness, gladness, mirth, gaiety. Landuꞌ in kuyag sin kabataan bang adlaw Haylaya. The children’s happiness is great on the festival day.    adj. makuyag Happy, glad, cheerful. Makuyag aku sin yari kaw. I’m glad you are here.    v. ST pat -um-; ran -an. To be or become happy or glad. Kumuyag tuud aku bang ku sila kakitaan. I’ll be very happy if I can see them.    v. rdp. ag mag-. To enjoy oneself, be happy. Magkuyag-kuyag kitaniyu pa Tiyanggi adlaw yan. Let’s go to Jolo town today and enjoy ourselves. kuyang n. Giddiness (the throbbing feeling caused by an approaching danger, the sight of something fearful, or fear of high places).    v. ST pat -un. To develop or have such a feeling. Kuyangun kaw bang kaw umatud pa babaꞌ dayn ha hangpuꞌ pangkat bāy. You’ll feel giddy if you look down from a ten-story building. OV SYN. kublaꞌ, hanggaw, kuba-kuba kuyumad n. The young of the common hair louse. Makalummiꞌ kitaun in kuyumad ha buhuk sin bataꞌ ini. It’s really dirty to look at the young lice in the hair of this child. OV SYN. kutu, tuma; Cf. lisaꞌ

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Tausug-English Dictionary: Kabtangan Iban Maana

Tausug - English a

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l *laꞌbit v. ag mag-, mang-, -um-; ran -an. To encircle one’s leg around (something). Hangkan da siya naligad sabab liyaꞌbitan mu. No wonder he fell, you encircled your leg around his. *laꞌdus v. act/pat -um-, mag-. To lose footing, slide, slip. Limaꞌdus siya sabab malandug in lantay. He slipped because the floor is slippery. Cf. landug laꞌpung adj. Dizzy, groggy, not in one’s proper mind (as from intoxication or lack of sleep).    v. pat ma-. To become groggy. Malaꞌpung sa kān bang kaw minum mataud bīr. You’ll become groggy if you drink too much beer. OV SYN. hilu 1, *bingug

*laꞌtug v. ag mang-, -um-; ran -an. To stare, gaze at (something in fear, etc.). Limaꞌtug in mata niya pagkitaꞌ niya sin lambung tau ha daig lawang. He stared when he saw the shadow of a man near the door. Cf. atud, kitaꞌ 1, *pandang, ilag1 laang adj. (Of a current) flowing eastward. ANT. taub laas n. Age, maturity. Biyaꞌ diin na in laas sin amaꞌ mu? What is the age of your father like (i.e., how old is he)?    adj. malaas (Of people, fruit) old, matured. Malaas na in tau ini saꞌ way akkal. This person is old already but foolish.    v. ST pat -um-, mag-. (For people, fruit) to grow old, mature. Subay na lumaas in kapaya ampa natuꞌ kawaun. The papaya should mature first and then we’ll harvest it. Cf. maas 1 laas sayng (idiom) n. An adult who acts like a child (lit. old banana). Way kapūsan sin tau laas sayng. An adult who acts like a child is useless. lāb n. A rare kind of skin disease that appears in reddish form in some parts of the body, redness and burning sensation of the skin. (See Appendix 8: Diseases)    v. pat ma-. To become red with a burning sensation (as from pepper or hot water), be burned. Nalāb in lima niya sin tubig mapasuꞌ. Her hand was burned by the hot water. Mataud tuud lara piyusaꞌ ku, hangkan sa nalāb in lima ku. I really crushed a lot of peppers, that’s why my hand is burned. Cf. *nganga laba adj. Profitable, gainful in business. Laba in pagdagang nila buwahan pa Sibu. Their sale of lanzones to Cebu was profitable. Cf. untung *labad vt. ag mag-, -um-; pat hi-. To swing (something) back and forth, (for an animal) to wag (its ears or tail). Ayaw kaw maglabad sin kalis yan. Don’t swing that kris back and forth. Naglalabad in iruꞌ sin ikug. The dog is wagging its tail. labay v. ag mag-, -um-; goal -un; ran -an. To go or pass by or through (a place), undergo or experience (something), let (something) pass or go by or through, (for time) to go by. Labay kamu dayn ha dān ini. Pass through this road. Labayun ku siya pa bāy nila. I’ll go by and see him at their house. Walaꞌ pa

kami nakalabay gutum. We haven’t experienced famine yet. Limabay na in waktu sin pagꞌani. The season for harvesting (rice) went by. Diꞌ kami palabayun sin manga sundalu. The soldiers won’t let us go through.    n. labayan Road, route, passage, way or means of passing. Kitaa bang awn labayan sin tubig. See if there’s a way for the water to pass.    n. maglalabay Passersby. Subay baytaan in maglalabay sin diꞌ na manjari lumabay dayn dī . We should tell the passersby that they can’t go through here anymore. Cf. hapit1, timbay labban n. A box or container made of cardboard. Butangan ha labban in manga tamungun. Put your clothes in a cardboard box. Cf. patti, bakag2 labbaw adj. More than, over. Labbaw in lingkat niya dayn ha kaibanan. Her beauty is more than anybody else’s. Cf. labi, lampaw labbiꞌ adj. Having a protruding lower lip. Laung nila in babai labbiꞌ simuran. They say that a girl with a protruding lower lip is a talebearer. labhaꞌ n. An illness caused by evil spirits (esp. those dwelling in big trees, a brook or tampat [more severe than abat]). In labhaꞌ diꞌ kaubatan sin duktur. An illness caused by evil spirits cannot be treated by a doctor.    v. ag mang-; ran ka-…-an. [Does not occur with pa₂.] To be afflicted with such an illness. Ayaw kaw maglabay ha tampat yan gana-gana kalabhaan kaw. Don’t go by that grave or you’ll be made sick by the evil spirits. OV SYN. abat 1 labi adj. Extra, excess.    n. An excess, a protruding or projecting part (of something). Awn labi sin paghūg niya sīn kākuꞌ. He gave me an excess of (i.e., too much) change.    v. act/pat mag-, -um-. To have an excess, extra, to overhang, extend beyond. Maglabi in kamisun dayn ha badjuꞌ niya. Her slip extends beyond her dress.    v. ag magpa-; pat pa-…-un. To give extra of (something); give priority (to one thing or person over another), put (something) ahead of (something else). Di ku palabihun in pagpasiyal dayn sin hinang ku ha bāy. I don’t put pleasure walking ahead of work at the house. Diꞌ ku palabihun in sīn dayn ha

kasipugan. I don’t put money ahead of shame.    adv. More, better, worse, to a greater degree. Labi marayaw bang siya makakari dumā magbichara kākuꞌ. It would be better if he could come and talk with me.    adj. ballabi-labihan More than enough, in excess, abundant. Ballabi-labihan in pagkaun nila. Their food is more than enough. Cf. balkalaꞌ-kalaan labi awla adv. All the (more), surpassing, especially, even more so. Labi awla marayaw bang mu aku karihilan sīn bihaun. It is all the better if you can give me the money now. Cf. lampaw labit n. The dry protective material (in appearance like a burlap sacking) which grows at the base of coconut palm fronds sheathing the young frond and the blossom. Piyugung nila sin labit in manga wanni ha supaya hangkarayꞌ mahinug. They wrapped the mangoes with the sheath of the coconut frond and blossom so they would ripen quickly. (See niyug for table.) lablab 1 v. pat ma-. (For something) to be flaming. Nalablab sadja in bāy sin kāyu. The house was flaming with fire. SYN. suliyab 2 v. pat ma-. To be full (with blood). Nalablab sin duguꞌ in lima niya. His hand is full of blood. labtik 1 vi. act/pat -um-, mag-; ran -an. To flap (as of a spring, rubber, or the tongue). Kalabtikan kaw sin gūma yan. You will be flapped by that rubber band. vt. ag mag-; pat hi-. To slap the tongue against the roof of the mouth (so as to produce a sound). Cf.: taklaꞌ. 2 v. ag mag-; pat hi-. (With dilaꞌ) to utter (something) unintentionally or in an offhand manner, (for something to) slip out off the tongue. Unu in kiyalabtik sin dilaꞌ mu diꞌ mu na mabawiꞌ. What you have uttered unintentionally cannot be retrieved. labtik sin dilaꞌ (idiom) n. Something uttered unintentionally or in an offhand manner, a slip of the tongue (lit. a flap of the tongue). In bissara yadtu labtik sadja sin dilaꞌ niya. Those words that he uttered were just a slip of the tongue. labug-labug v. act mag-, -um-. (For something) to bend back and forth (as a weakened or tired joint, a piece of bamboo or wood, or a limb of a tree). Bang ku tanamun maglabug-labug in manga siki lima ku yan. I feel as if my arms and legs are bending back and forth. Cf. *labad

labung n. Thickness, heaviness (of the hair, eyebrows, cereal grains). Mabayaꞌ aku biyaꞌ sin labung sin buhuk mu. I would like the thickness of my hair to be like yours.    adj. malabung Thick, heavy, blooming. Malabung na in pāy nila. Their rice is blooming.    v. ST pat -um-. To become thicker, heavier; bloom. Diꞌ siya mabayaꞌ lumabung in kilay niya. She doesn’t want her eyebrows to become thicker. Cf. buskag labut v. ag mag-, mang-, -um-; pat -un. To entertain or serve (someone, as a guest or a spirit). Labutun ta in manga bisita sin pagkaun masarap. We’ll serve the visitors with delicious food.    n. lalabutan The food being served, food or an animal offered as a sacrifice to spirits.{Spirits are believed to harm any member of a family when they are not placated.} Masarap in lalabutan ha pagtiyaunan. The food served at the wedding was delicious. Adjala niyu na in lalabutan bat diꞌ mangabat in manga tungguꞌ. You prepare the sacrificial food for the spirits so they won’t harm you. Cf. *hulmat ladjamuraꞌ n. Crown prince, heir apparent. Ladjamuraꞌ in makapagsultan bang mapatay in sultan. The crown prince will be the sultan when the sultan dies. *ladjaw 1 v. ag mag-, mang-; pat -un. To drive away, keep off (as flies by waving a stick). Ladjawa in manuk. Drive away the chicken. n. laladjaw A flyswatter, anything used to drive away or keep off flies, animals, chickens, etc. Cf.: bugaw1 1. 2 v. pat -un. To be deceived, tricked, seduced. Nakāꞌ kaw liyadjaw sin bissara makatunaw. You’ve been seduced by his compassionate words. Nakāꞌ kaw liyadjaw sin parang gadja hilaw, sin lāg apuꞌ dulaw, sin walnaꞌ sibukaw. (saying) v. You’ve been deceived by its face value (lit. You’ve been taken by the swatter, by live bermuda grass, by a big piece of turmeric, by the color of the sibukaw tree). ladju 1 n. Distance or farness (reached by one’s eyesight or a projectile, as of a ball in playing golf). Awn hanggatus mitru in ladju sin kiyatiluan sin bula. The ball was thrown a distance of about 100 meters. v. ST pat -um-. (For distance) to become greater, (for something) to become farther. Lumadju in lupad sin manuk-manuk bang magpaagad ha hangin. The flight of a bird will become farther if it flies with

the wind. Paladjuha in pagtiluꞌ mu sin batu. Make your throwing of the stone farther. adj. maladju Reaching a great distance, (having good eyesight as to be) able to see (something) at a great distance. Maladju in pangatud niya. He is able to see at a great distance. OV SYN.: layuꞌ. 2 v. ST pat -um-, mag-. (For one’s mind) to expand. In tau makapangadjiꞌ, lumadju in pikilan niya. The mind of a person who gets an education will expand. adj. maladju (With pamikil or pikilan) foresighted, insightful; (of the mind) expanded. In tau maladju in pikilan marayaw in kasūngan. A foresighted person has a bright future. lāg1 (var. of lawag) v To look for (something). lāg2 adj. Blond. Lāg in buhuk sin Milikan. Americans have blond hair. laga n. Flame, a burning with a blaze of light. Diꞌ kita sumuuk sampay diꞌ kumūꞌ in laga. We won’t go near until the flame subsides.    vt. ag mag-; pat -un. (For a flame) to ignite, ignite (a flame). Bang mu bagid-bagirun in duwa batu maglaga. If you rub two stones a flame will ignite.    vi. act/pat mag-, -um-; pat ma-. To burst into flame. Malaga sa yan bang mu asagan gasulina. It will burst into flame if you pour gasoline on it. Cf. baga1 , atūn, kāyu, suliyab lagaꞌ1 n. A dry measure of ten gantas. Bang kamu hangpuꞌka-tau subay hangka-lagaꞌ in pitlaꞌ niyu. If you are ten in all, then you should give one ten ganta measure of rice as obligatory alms during the month of Ramadan. SYN. kāgaꞌ; Cf. gantang; GENR. tupungan tupung lagaꞌ2 v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To boil (meat, vegetables, beans, etc.) until partly cooked (in preparation for roasting, etc.), parboil (something); sterilize (something) by boiling. Lagaa muna in sapiꞌ. Parboil the meat first. Subay lagaun in manga kassaꞌ duruan. The feeding bottles should be sterilized. OV SYN. lakbuꞌ1; Cf. tugnaꞌ, aman 1, bukal lagak adj. Gluttonous, greedy, voracious (a derogatory term). Pagagaha ha bataꞌ lagak yan. Let that voracious boy glut himself with it. Cf. dambaꞌ lagam n. Arrogance, impertinence or insolence; presumptuousness. Malisuꞌ aku magdungug sin lagam niya. It annoys me to listen to his insolence.

   v. ag mag-, -um-. To behave arrogantly. In bataꞌ-bataꞌ bang tunggalan maglagam ha maas niya. An only child behaves arrogantly towards his parents.    adj. malagam Arrogant, impertinent or insolent in speech; presumptuous. In tau malagam asal maabbu. An impertinent person is naturally proud. OV SYN. *langka; Cf. arut, abbu 1 laganglang n. Bright color. Bihaini in laganglang sin kakanaꞌ bīha. You buy cloth as bright a color as this.    adj. malaganglang (Of a color) bright and glaring. Bang kaw maitum ayaw kaw madjuꞌ sin malaganglang. If you’re dark don’t wear a dress that’s bright and glaring. Cf. walnaꞌ lagaslas n. The sound of something in friction with something else. *lagaw adj. A harsh voice (as from a long period of talking, much shouting, or prolonged colds).    v. act/pat mag-; ran -an. To have a harsh voice, develop a harsh voice. Lagawan sa kān ha pagꞌulakan. You’ll get a harsh voice from hollering. Liyalagawan na in tingug niya ha pagbissarahan. Her voice is harsh from speaking. Cf. pagas *lagbas v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To penetrate, pass through; permeate (as of liquid or blood). Diꞌ lagbasun sin tubig in ād simintu ini. This cement wall cannot be penetrated by water. In akkal sin manusiyaꞌ makalagbas sin pitung lapis lupaꞌ. The wisdom of mankind is such that it can penetrate the seven layers of earthly things. Cf. latus lagguꞌ 1 n. Bigness, largeness, greatness. Biyaꞌ diin in lagguꞌ sin anak mu magulang? How big is your eldest son? v. ST pat -um-. To expand, become big, large. Lumagguꞌ in tiyan mu bang kaw daran minum mataud tubig. Your belly will become big if you often take much water. Subay diꞌ na palagguun in asibiꞌ. Don’t make a mountain out of a molehill (lit. don’t make something small bigger). Palagguan ta in pantalun mu. We’ll make your pants bigger. adj. malagguꞌ Big, large, great. Malagguꞌ in subaꞌ yaun. That river is big. Cf.: dakulaꞌ. n. katilagguan The main or principal part (of something). Nasunug in katilagguan sin bāy. The main part of the house was burned. Cf.: luag. 2 v. pat -un. To honor, pay or give honor, dignify, praise (someone); celebrate (something). Lagguun ta

in sultan. Let’s honor the sultan. Subay lagguun in adlaw kapagꞌanak kan Dr. Jose Rizal. We should celebrate the birthday of Dr. Jose Rizal. Cf. *pudji lagi n. Need, usefulness, worth, value, utility, service. Unu in lagi sin sīn bang way da kasannyangan mu? What is the use of money if you don’t have peace of mind? Way lagi sin tau lisuan. A lazy person is of no service (to anyone).    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un; ran ka-…-an. To need (something), use (something). Hisiyu in maglagi sin manga labban ini? Who’ll use these boxes? Minsan daan na in pantalun ini, lagihun ku na. Even though these pants are old, I’ll use them. Diꞌ ku kalagihan in tabang mu. I don’t need your help. Bang awn kalagihan mu kari sadja kaw kākuꞌ. If you need anything just come to me. OV SYN. usal; Cf. guna kalagihan (derv.) n. What is needed, usefulness, value. v. To need (something). lāgiꞌ 1 adv. And, also, in addition; moreover, as well, besides. Malingkat siya lāgiꞌ maingat. She’s beautiful and brainy as well. Diꞌ ku ini hikapagdihil kaymu, lāgiꞌ bukun ini kākuꞌ. I can’t give this to you; besides, this is not mine. Bagay kami lāgiꞌ awn pa kasugsug namuꞌ. We are friends, moreover we are related. Cf. iban 1, ampa 2 rel. Because, since, for. Subay kitaniyu magtabang-tiyabangi, lāgiꞌ in kitaniyu maglahasiyaꞌ. We should help one another, for we are relatives. Mahunit kita sumulang sin kabayaan niya lāgiꞌ na siya in nakuraꞌ natuꞌ. It is hard for us to oppose his suggestions because he’s our leader. lagiꞌ-lagiꞌ v. ag mang-, mag-, -um-; pat -un. To mock, ridicule (someone). Ayaw mu lagiꞌ-lagia in tau miskin. Don’t mock a poor person. Cf. udjuꞌ, guraꞌ-guraꞌ, panussaꞌ-nussaꞌ laglag adj. Absolutely dead (usu. used as a cursing word or in anger). Pitu in sundalu laglag ha pagbunuan kahapun. Seven soldiers were absolutely dead during the skirmish yesterday.    vt. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To kill (someone). Bang kitaniyu magkālu in kasūngan maglaglag. If we quarrel the result will be we will kill each other.    vi. ST pat ma-. To become absolutely dead. Bang man kaw malaglag ha panawan. May you become absolutely dead on the way. Cf. patay 1, bugtang, *ligis, *tubag, *pinsan, salak, bunuꞌ

lagnas v. ag mag-, -um-, mang-; pat -un; ran -an. To file (the teeth for beautification). Masūb in manga kamaasan yadtu maglagnas sin ipun nila. The old folks were very fond of filing their teeth. Subay lagnasun in ipun mu bat lumingkat. Your teeth should be filed in order to beautify them. Lagnasan ta in ipun mu tampal pa unahan. Let’s file a little from your front teeth. Cf. gawgariꞌ lagpak n. A spring-mounted mousetrap or rat trap. Butangi lagpak in kusina bat matay in ambaw. Put a mousetrap in the kitchen so the rats will die.    v. ag mag-, mang-; pat -un. To use such a trap. Maglagpak kita ambaw dūm ini. We’ll trap the mice tonight. lagpiꞌ (gimb. lugpiꞌ) v. ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To snap or flick (something, as one’s finger or a whip against a surface). Maglagpiꞌ kami hisiyu-siyu daugun ha panayam. We will snap those who’ll lose in the game. Lagpian ku in taynga mu bang kaw diꞌ humundung. I’ll snap your ear if you won’t stop. Cf. *kutik, kulapuꞌ lagsak n. Anything used to fasten something by inserting it through holes; fastener. Butangan ta lagsak in tandawan ini. We’ll put a fastener on this window.    v. ag mag-, -um-, mang-; pat -un; ran -an. To pierce, screw, make a hole (in something). Maglagsak aku sin lawang tinda bang tambul na. I’ll put the screw in the store door after closing. Lagsaka sin lansang in mital ini. You pierce this can with a nail. Subay lagsakan in lawang bang dūm na. We have to bolt the door when it is nighttime. Cf. ligpit, *tasak 1 *lagsik v. CV 1 ag mag-, -um-; pat hi-. To hurl or fling (something). In bataꞌ narugtul sin tarak liyagsik pa malayuꞌ. The child that was run over by the truck was flung far away. Hilagsik in manga labban yan bang mu diꞌ hukutan. Those boxes will be flung over if you don’t tie them up. Cf. laruk, *pigsik 1 lagtang 1 n. Any of several menispermaceous vines. (See Appendix 5: Plants) 2 n. A vegetable poison derived from the berries of this vine, used for stunning fish. Cf.: tubli. v. ag mang-, -um-; pat -un. To poison (fish) using this poison. Manglagtang kita istaꞌ. We’ll poison fish with lagtang berry poison. lagtaw n. A supernatural man of extraordinary size (believed to inhabit trees, cliffs, and empty houses);

giant. Walaꞌ pa aku nākitaꞌ lagtaw saꞌ pagkarungugan ku ha kata-kata. I have never seen a giant but I have heard about them in stories. Cf. agasi lagting n. A high-pitched voice or sound. Sibuꞌ in lagting sin tingug niyu. Both of you have high-pitched voices.    adj. malagting High-pitched, shrill. Malagting in tingug niya. Her voice is high-pitched. Cf. tanug 1 lagtuꞌ adj. (Of coconuts) spoiled, decayed, rotten. Lagtuꞌ in lahing binī mu. You bought a spoiled coconut. Cf. baꞌlus 1 lagublub n. A loud noise (as of an engine, thunder, a cannon, the hooves of running horses or cattle). Diyurungug mari in lagublub sin mutur hi Faysar. We can hear from here the loud noise of Faysar’s motorcycle.    v. act/pat mag-, -um-. (For an engine, thunder, a cannon, etc.) to make such a sound. Haynduun sadja limagublub in kanyun. The cannon made a loud noise just now. Ayaw mu palagubluba in jīp mu dī. Don’t let your jeep make any loud noise here.    adj. malagublub (Of a motor or any mechanical device) noisy. Malagublub tuud in makina yan, subay sa yan lanahan. That sewing machine is noisy. It should be lubricated. Cf. hibuk lagudlud 1 n. The dragging (of something), the swift descent (of a wheeled vehicle, big rocks, felled trees, etc.). v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To drag, haul (something). Ayaw kaw maglagudlud sin sīya. Do not drag the chair. Liyagudlud sin kuraꞌ in batang. The horse hauled the log. v. act/pat -um-. To roll swiftly downward (with either much or little sound produced, as of a vehicle). Limagudlud in tumubil. The automobile rolled swiftly down. OV SYN.: guyud 1; Cf.: ludlud, lakud-lakud. 2 n. The sound of something being dragged along or of something falling down swiftly (as big rocks or felled trees). Diyungug namuꞌ in lagudlud sin manga kahuy pīlaꞌ. We heard the sound of the felled trees falling down. lagundiꞌ n. A name given to several varbenaceous shrubs the fruit of which is believed to prevent aging. (See Appendix 5: Plants)

lagung n. A kind of lanzones (large, nearly perfectly round, and with big seeds). Bukun malandag hiragang in buwahan lagung. Lanzones lagung are not saleable. lagungkad n. A disturbing noise (as of dragging chairs, slamming doors, or throwing things around the house). Unu bahaꞌ in lagungkad ha bāy yaun kabii? What was all that disturbing noise at that house last night?    v. ag mag-, -um-, mang-; pat -un. To make such disturbing noises. Ayaw kamu maglagungkad duun makabatiꞌ in manga pangdaig bāy. Don’t make such disturbing noises. You’ll wake up the neighbors.    adj. malagungkad Characterized by disturbing noises. Malagungkad tuud in bataꞌ ini maglanuꞌ sin bāy. This child is very disturbingly noisy in cleaning the house. Cf. hibuk, hulangkad, kularak lagunglung n. The sound produced by hollow objects. Kari kaw dunguga in lagunglung sin puga. Come listen to the hollow sound of the water jug.    v. act/pat mag-, -um-. (For something) to make such a sound. Ayaw kaw magbī sin tirmus diꞌ maglagunglung. Don’t buy a thermos that doesn’t make a hollow sound. lagupuk n. The snapping or cracking (of joints). Diyungug ku in lagupuk sin gulamay lima mu. I heard the snapping of your fingers.    v. act/pat -um-, mag-. (For one’s joint) to snap or crack. Diꞌ lumagupuk in bakul siki ku. My big toe won’t snap. SYN. kulapuꞌ *lagut vt. ag mag-, mang-, -um-; pat -un. To strike or hack (someone with a whip or bladed weapon). Nalagut in tau yaun sin kalis sin banta niya. That fellow was hacked with a kris by his enemy. (See utud for table.)    n. lalagut A whip, lash, rod or anything used for whipping. Ayaw lubaki in anak mu sin lalagut kuraꞌ. Don’t whip your child with a whip used for a horse. Cf. *lubak lahang n. Spread, separation, distance apart. Ayaw singuri in lahang sin pagꞌanyam niya baluy. Don’t copy the way she makes sleeping mats with the weaving far apart.    adj. malahang/māhang Far apart (in distance or time). Malahang magꞌanak in asawa niya. The pregnancies of his wife are far apart.    v. ST pat mag-, -um-. To become far apart. Lumahang in pagbutang sin tambuku bang mu diꞌ sukurun.

The placing of the buttons will become far apart if you don’t measure the distance. ANT. *sikut; Cf. lawak lahasiyaꞌ1 1 n. Relatives. Mataud lahasiyaꞌ ku ha Parang. I have a lot of relatives in Parang. v. RC ag mag-. (For people) to be relatives. Maglahasiyaꞌ sila iban sin manga tau ini. They are relatives of these people. Cf.: kampung. lahasiyaꞌ2 (var. rahasiyaꞌ) n. A secret. Ayaw mu pagbaytaan in lahasiyaꞌ biyaytaꞌ ku kaymu. Don’t tell anybody the secret I’ve told you.    v. ag mag-; pat hi-; goal -an. To reveal a secret or confide (something to someone). Lahasiyaan ta kaw sin pasal sin sīn nalawaꞌ. I’ll confide to you the secret behind the missing money. lahiꞌ n. A variety of bamboo.{Often used to make shafts for local three-pronged fish spears.} *lahil v. act/pat -um-. To come to light, appear visibly. In unu-unu kasabunnalan minsan hitapuk lumahil da. Whatever is true even though it is hidden it will come to light. Piyalahil sin Tuhan hi Isa Almasi mari pa dunya. God caused Jesus Christ to appear here on earth. Cf. nyataꞌ lahing 1 n. (A mature, ripe) coconut (with meat). Kuguta ba kākuꞌ in lahing. Will you grate the coconut for me? (See niyug for table.) 2 n. The flesh or meat of the mature ripe coconut. (See niyug for table.) v. AR ag mag-; ran -an. To add fresh coconut meat (from the mature coconut to a food). Lahingan ta in bibingka ini. We’ll add fresh coconut meat to the steamed rice cakes. Subay liyalahingan in bangbang ampa mananam. Confections should have fresh coconut meat added in order to be tasty. lahuꞌ n. An eclipse (of the sun or moon). Bang awn lahuꞌ subay kunuꞌ mamayguꞌ in manga burus ha lusung ha supaya way ila sin bataꞌ hipagꞌanak nila. It is said that if there’s an eclipse then pregnant women should bathe in a mortar so their children won’t be born with birthmarks.    v. act/pat mag-; pat -un. For an eclipse to occur. Liyahuꞌ in bulan kabii. There was an eclipse of the moon last night. lahud n. A swollen mark (on skin produced by strokes of a lash or whip), welt. Mataud lahud sin bataꞌ ini ha taykud. This child has many welts on his back.

   v. act/pat mag-, -um-; ran -an. To have welts. Ayaw kusuga in paglubak mu bat diꞌ lahuran in anak mu. You shouldn’t whip hard or your child will have welts. Maytaꞌ liyahuran in baran mu yan? Why does your body have welts? Cf. bintul, busul lahut n. A variety of Tausug knife with a sharp-pointed blade. Lahut in panghuyaan sin sapiꞌ. Use the sharp-pointed knife to cut the beef. Cf. laring, utak, pisaw, janap *lais v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un; ran -an. To pull or draw (something) up with little effort, (as a skirt, curtain, or mosquito net). Laisa ba in kurtina yan. Will you draw up that curtain. Cf. *utung, hillaꞌ lakaꞌ-lakaꞌ n. Licentious or lewd words. Diꞌ tūpun in usug magbissara lakaꞌ-lakaꞌ. It’s not proper for men to speak licentious words.    v. ag mag-, -um-, mang-; goal -an. To utter licentious or lewd words. Bang manga babai in magkālu asal maglakaꞌ-lakaꞌ sadja. If women quarrel they naturally utter licentious words at each other. OV SYN. lakat-lakat; Cf. lumuꞌ lakab n. A flood. Awn sadja lakab bang makusug in ulan. There is always a flood when there is heavy rain.    v. act/pat mag-, -um-; ran -an. To flood. Mahang maglakab dī kāmuꞌ. It seldom floods here. Cf. dunuk, latap, umbak tawpan lakad 1 v. ag mag-, -um-, mang-; goal -un. To step to (a place with big steps). Lakarun ku dayn dī pa hansipak. I’ll step from here to the other side. v. ran -an. To step over (something). Lakaran ku sadja in ād yaun. I’ll just step over that fence. 2 v. ran -an. To skip or miss something. Kiyalakaran ku in hangka-dān walaꞌ nabassa. I skipped a line in my reading. Kiyalakaran ku hi Anang walaꞌ naitung. I missed counting Anang. Cf. liyu 1 lakam adj. (Of a ring) plain. In singsing lakam, wayruun palmata. A plain ring does not have a gem in it. lakat n. Dampness, dankness, slight muddiness. Tarapuhi niyu in lakat ha kusina. Wipe up the slight muddiness in the kitchen.    vt. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To scatter (something watery, soggy, or sloppy); slop (something). Ayaw kamu maglakat sin sabaw ha lamisahan. Don’t slop the soup on the table.

   vi. ST pat ma-. To be spilled upon, splashed with. Nalakat in badjuꞌ niya sin pinta. Her dress got paint spilled on it.    adj. malakat Damp, dank, slightly muddy. Malakat in dān bang pangulan. The road is slightly muddy when it’s raining. Cf. basaꞌ, hamis, himmil lakat-lakat adj. (Of speech) abusive. Diꞌ aku mabayaꞌ magdungug sin bissara lakat-lakat. I don’t like to listen to abusive talk.    v. ag mag-; goal -an. To speak abusively. Ayaw kamu maglakat-lakat bang awn manga bataꞌ nagdurungug. Don’t speak abusively when there are children listening. OV SYN. lakaꞌ-lakaꞌ lakbang n. Width (as of a board or paper). Biyaꞌdiin in lakbang sin pasagiꞌ kagunahan muꞌ? What width of a (i.e., how wide a) board do you need?    v. ST pat -um-. To become wider. Lumakbang in gūma bang hitarun. The rubber will become wider if it is stretched. Palakbangun ku in paghinang sin hanig kantil. I’ll make the bed cover wider.    adj. malakbang Wide. Subay malakbang dayn dī in digpiꞌ hipagbubung. We need a wider board than this for the ridge board. Cf. luag, ablang, gayad lakbuꞌ1 v. AR ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To boil (meat or vegetables, esp. leafy ones) for a short time (with a little salt). Lakbui sadja in sayul kangkung yan. Just boil that kangkong a short time. OV SYN. lagaꞌ2, bukal lakbuꞌ2 v. ag mag-, mang-; ran -an. To victimize, lure, beguile, delude, trick, or deceive (someone); mislead (someone, esp. to make him feel foolish); make oneself a victim or impulsively allow oneself to fall to some injury (esp. due to anger, discouragement or despair). Liyakbuan mu in bagay mu piyalanguy ha dagat sin diꞌ makaingat. You victimized your friend to have him swim in the sea when he doesn’t know how. Kiyalakbuan kaw! Nakawaꞌ sadja in sīn mu way da kaw liyawagan niya hinang. You’ve been beguiled! Your money was just taken, (and) he didn’t find you a job. Ayaw kaw maglakbuꞌ sin baran mu, mangaku sin bukun dusa mu. Don’t make yourself a victim, to take upon yourself the sin of another. Lakbuan mu in baran mu bang mu diꞌ paubatan in sakit mu. You’re victimizing yourself if you don’t seek medical treatment for your illness.    n. manglalakbuꞌ A victimizer. Ayaw kaw magbagay ha tau manglalakbuꞌ. Don’t be friendly to a victimizer. OV SYN. *laug; Cf. dupang

*lakin-lakin n. paglakin-lakin The act of dressing or grooming in a flashy, showy, sporty, or fussy way. Bang dūlan mu in paglakin-lakin mu maubus in sīn mu. If you indulge your flashy ways you’ll finish off your money.    v. ag mang-, -um-; ran -an. To dress or groom in such a manner. Subay kita manglakin-lakin pa paghinangan kunsūm. We have to dress showily at the reception tomorrow. lakit n. Solid black stone; a hard, black stone. In batu lakit mahunit tiktikun. A solid black rock is hard to pierce. Cf. batu lakkiyan n. {Rare} A subject, follower. Hisiyu na mayan in lakkiyan sin mayul? Who are the followers of the mayor? SYN. tindugan tindug 1.1, batāan laklak 1 adj. Wide open, open to a full extent (as of a door or window). vt. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To open (something) wide (as a door). Ayaw mu laklaka in lawang bat diꞌ makasūd in manga kuting. Don’t throw the door wide open so the cats can’t come in. Cf.: ukab 1. vi. pat ma-. To be torn roughly to a full extent. Nalaklak in badjuꞌ niya. Her dress was torn from top to bottom. 2 adj. {Vulgar} (Of the mouth) wide open. v. ag mag-, -um-; goal -an. To talk loudly, excessively, indiscreetly, or impudently. Ayaw na kaw maglaklak sin simud mu bat ta kaw diꞌ bagahun. Stop having a big mouth or I’ll slap you. Cf.: lāylāy 1, balab-balab. laklak asang (idiom) n. Loud and excessive talk (lit. wide open lungs). Marayaw pa kaw himundung na laklak asang. You better stop your loud, excessive talk. *laknit vt. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To pull, rip, peel, or strip off (something roughly or vigorously causing it to tear apart.) Laknita in katas dayn ha dingding. Strip the paper off the wall.    vi. act/pat mang-. (For something) to pull, rip, peel off. Butangi lana bat diꞌ manglaknit in pais mu. Put on lotion so that your skin won’t peel off. Cf. aknit, *ukat 1 laksaꞌ 1 adj. Ten thousand, countless (in number). Laksaꞌ sundalu in miyatay ha pagbunuan. There were countless soldiers who died in the war. Cf. ibu 2 v. ran -an. To have good luck or fortune, become wealthy. Laksaan kaw bang kaw kumugdan supistik.

You’ll become wealthy if you win the sweepstakes. laksamana n. An obsolete title (conferred by the sultan of Sulu on one of the members of a local council of a certain community under his dominion). Laksamana in gulalan kaniya sin Sultan. Laksamana is the title given to him by the king. Cf. Ulangkayaꞌ, panglima laksu v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un; ran -an. To jump, jump over (something). Laksu kaw dayn ha ād basiꞌ. Jump over the wire fence. Malaksu mu bahaꞌ? Can you jump it? Laksuhan ta kaw. I’ll jump over you. SYN. *tugpaꞌ; Cf. kawas laku n. Behavior, conduct, disposition, manner. Biyaꞌ kaw laku tau gimba. Your manner is like that of the country people. Biyaꞌ bukun marayaw in laku sin tau ini. This man’s behavior is rather crude. Cf. kajariyan, palangay, piil, kalakkuwan laku-tabiat n. Manner, behavior, conduct, habit; personality (the distinctive individual qualities of a person). In laku-tabiat sin tau amu na in mamaytaꞌ sin pagkatau niya. A man’s manner will tell of his person. Marayaw dakuman in laku-tabiat sin tau ini. This man’s behavior is really good. Marayaw tuud in laku-tabiat sin babai yan. That woman has a pleasing personality.    v. ag mag-, -um-. To behave, conduct oneself. Maytaꞌ kaw maglaku-tabiat bihān? Why do you behave that way? lakud-lakud n. The noise (made by horses’ hooves or people walking with shoes, esp. spiked shoes). Makusug tuud in lakud-lakud sin sapatus mu yan. The noise of your shoes is very loud. Karungugan dayn ha mayuꞌ in lakud-lakud sin kuraꞌ. The noise of horses’ hooves can be heard a long way off.    v. ag -um-, mang-. To make noise with the foot or hooves (in walking or running). Dāha pa guwaꞌ in kuraꞌ yan bat diꞌ manglakud-lakud dī. Take that horse outside so it won’t make noise with its hooves here.    adj. malakud-lakud (Of walking) noisy. Ayaw da kaw malakud-lakud tuud manaw. Don’t be so noisy walking. Cf. lagublub lakut v. AR ag mag-, mang-, -um-; ran -an. To pass the tongue over, lick (something, chiefly used by people away from Jolo town). Liyakutan sin iruꞌ in bitis niya. The dog licked his leg. SYN. *dilat

lalat 1 adj. malalat (Of an animal) wild. Bang in hayup malalat diꞌ na kasuukan, dumāgan. If an animal is wild you can’t get near it, it runs away. OV SYN. adla 2 v. ag -um-, magpa-; ran -an. To retreat (from someone, esp. from a fight). Biyaꞌ sūng na magpalalat in atu natuꞌ, marayaw pa kitaniyu muwiꞌ na. If our enemies are trying to retreat it is better that we go home. Cf. atras, sibug lali n. One’s style or way (of dressing, speaking, acting, etc., usu. in an affected way). Way kaw tiyūp sin lali mu. Your style doesn’t fit you.    adj. Stylish. Malali tuud in tau yaun. That fellow is very stylish. SYN. jangngang lallan (var. of lanlan) v To call an elder by his first name; to eat viand only without rice. lallay n. Slowness, delay, inertness. Bang bihān in lallay sin hinang diꞌ yan maubus hangka-bulan. If the slowness of the work is like that it won’t be done in a month.    v. ag mag-. To do (something) slowly, dilly-dally, dawdle. Maglallay sadja sin hinang in tau lisuan. A lazy person just dawdles with his work.    v. ST pat -um-. (Of motion) to slow, become slower. Lumallay in dāgan sin kappal bang patayan in hambuuk makina. The running of the ship will become slower if they turn off one engine.    adj. malallay Slow, sluggish, delayed. Malallay in panaw niya sabab masakit in siki niya. Her pace is slow because her feet are hurting. Malallay in datung sin sulat mari. The arrival of the mail here is delayed. Cf. agak-agak *agak, luming, hinay lalungan n. An open coffin (used only to carry the dead to the grave). Bang kiyabutang na in mayat ha lalungan diꞌ na manjari ulinan. If the corpse has been placed in a coffin, then it cannot be touched. Cf. janājaꞌ laman 1 v. ag mag-, -um-. To pass by quickly. Maglaman sadja hi Abdul dayn dī saꞌ diꞌ maghapit mari pa bāy. Abdul is always passing by but he doesn’t drop in at our house. 2 v. ag mag-, -um-. To catch a glimpse of (something), (for) a mental image or vision (of something) to come (to one). Limaman in dagbus niya kākuꞌ kabii. A mental image of her form came to me last night. Cf. magꞌapas lambung idiom lambung

lamay n. Viand, that which is eaten with cooked rice or cassava. Istaꞌ tahay in lamay namuꞌ adlaw ini. We are having dried fish for viand today.    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un; ran -an. To eat (viand [as meat, fish, or chicken]) with (the staple food). Malanab in panggiꞌ lamayan istaꞌ diyangdang. Cassava is tasty eaten with roast fish. lambang1 1 n. A part of something that protrudes or hangs over (as the strands left over after making a knot), something that is bigger than what is needed. vi. act/pat -um-, mag-. To protrude or hang over; (for something) to be too big to be carried conveniently, too long to fit in a certain space. Limalambang na in bataꞌ yan babahun. That child is too big to be carried piggyback. Hangkan nabinggil in siki niya sin jīp sabab naglalambang pa guwaꞌ dayn ha kīd tarak. The reason his foot was struck by the jeep is that it protruded out from the side of the bus. vt. AR ran -an. To furnish (something) with a protrusion. Subay lambangan in higad mital supaya awn kakamputan. The side of the large tin can should be furnished with a protrusion so that there is something to hold onto. OV SYN.: labi. 2 n. A rung (of a ladder), step (of a staircase), a rounded or shaped piece fixed for strengthening purposes (as between the legs of a chair). Nabaliꞌ in lambang sin hagdan. The rung of the ladder broke. v. AR ag mag-; ran -an. To furnish with a rung or step; put on a piece (to strengthen something, as between the legs of a chair). Lambangan ta in siki sin bangkuꞌ bat diꞌ magjugjug. We’ll put a crosspiece between the legs of the chair so it won’t shake. lambang2 v. pat ma-. [Does not occur with pa₂.] (With mata) to be confused (by profusion of things seen, esp. when deciding to choose something from a variety of things). Nalambang mata aku sin manga sapatus yan. I’m confused (what to choose) from all those pairs of shoes. lambitung n. A firefly. Kakitaan mu in manga lambitung ha katigidluman. You’ll see the fireflies in the dark. (See Appendix 1: Birds and Flying Insects) lambung 1 n. A shadow, reflection of an object (in a mirror or in water). Awn lambung tau kītaꞌ ku limabay ha daig tandawan. I saw someone’s shadow go by the window. n. lambungan A shaded place.

v. ag mag-; ran ka-…-an. To cast a shadow (on something), see someone’s shadow. Kiyalambungan ku siya limabay. I saw his shadow go by. Kalambungan sin kahuy in jambangan mu. The tree will cast a shadow on your garden. magꞌapas lambung (idiom) v. To strive to get all the material things one’s neighbors or associates have, keep up with the Joneses (lit. to chase a shadow). Bang in tau magꞌapas lambung lumugay makapanakaw na. A man who keeps up with the Joneses sooner or later will resort to stealing. 2 v. act/pat mag-. To present a mental image. Maglambung ha mata ku in dagbus hi dayang ku. The form of my lady love presents itself to my eyes (i.e., I have visions of her). SYN. laman 1 3 v. pat pa-…-un. To surmise, imagine. Bang ku palambungun biyaꞌ mangiꞌ in hinang sin tau ini. I surmise that this man is doing evil. Mapalambung mu in taud sin pilak iyubus niya. Can you just imagine the amount of money he used? Cf. kira-kira lamdus n. A cork (used to cover a bottle). Haunu na in saub lamdus sin kassaꞌ tawyu? Where is the cork cover of the soy sauce bottle? lami adj. malami Funny, droll, comical, amusing, entertaining, joyful. Malami tuud in pagsini-sini. The stage show was really funny.    n. lami-lami Fun, entertainment, celebration, amusement. Himagdir kami sin lami-lami ha bāy nila. We attended the celebration at their house.    v. ag mag-, -um-. To have fun, enjoy (something), celebrate, amuse oneself. Maglami-lami kitaniyu ubus maghinang. Weꞌll celebrate (a party) after working. Cf. langug, kuyag lamin n. Transmission (of something, as a disease, bad or good manners) from one person to another.    v. ag mang-, -um-; ran -an. To contaminate or be contaminated with something (as a disease or bad manners); (for something) to rub off (on one). Ayaw kaw magdaig ha tau kulapan bat kaw diꞌ kalaminan. Don’t go near a fellow with ichthyosis, you might get contaminated. Salugay nila nagbagay iban sin bataꞌ maingat yan kiyalaminan isab sila sin ingat niya. As long as they have been friends with that bright child his knowledge has rubbed off on them.    v. act/pat mag-. To spread, (for a disease) to be contagious. Hangkarayꞌ da maglamin in sakit bilas. Conjunctivitis is very contagious. Cf. latag lamisahan n. A table. In lamisahan hi mastal Reyes hīnang ha Tawi-Tawi. The table of Mr. Reyes was

made in Tawi-Tawi.    v. ag mag-. To use a table (in eating, writing, etc.). Diꞌ siya mabayaꞌ maglamisahan ha ini. She doesn’t want to use this table. *lamit v. ag mag-; pat -un; ran -an. To share (something, esp. food, with someone). Lamit-lamita in kindi ha manga bataꞌ. Share the candy with the children. Cf. bahagiꞌ lamma n. Weakness, illness, sickness; boredom. Subay dāhun pa huspital in bataꞌ ini sabab magsusūng in lamma niya. We must take this child to the hospital because its weakness is increasing (i.e., it’s getting weaker).    adj. malamma Weak, ill, sick; bored. Diꞌ aku makahinang sabab malamma pa aku. I can’t work because I’m still weak.    v. act/pat mag-, -um-; ran -an. To become weak, ill, sick; be or become bored. Magsusūng in adlaw maglalamma in bataꞌ. The child is becoming weaker each day. Cf. ukuy lampa n. Curry powder. Masarap in manuk butangan lampa. Chicken is delicious with curry powder. GENR. pamāpa lampag adj. Careless (also malampag). Lampag in bataꞌ ini makabagbag sadja lāy. This child is so careless, she always breaks plates. Mataud hinang makangiꞌ sin tau malampag. Much work can be destroyed by a careless person.    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To carelessly leave (things around), fail to tidy up or put things back in their place. Lampagun mu sadja in panayaman mu pawyu-pawyu. You just carelessly leave your toys anywhere.    n. kalampagan Carelessness. Diꞌ ta kaw bīhan tamungun bang bihān in kalampagan mu. I won’t buy you clothes if that’s the way your carelessness is. lampak v. ag mag-, -um-; pat hi-; ran -an. To put out matching funds, show one’s security stake (in a game). Diꞌ aku mabayaꞌ bang mu diꞌ lampakan in taun ku yan. I don’t want to play if you don’t match my stake. Duwanggatus in kiyalampak ku ha pagpanayaman. I put out two hundred as matching stake in the game of chance. Cf. taun1 , tūk 1 lampasu n. A coconut husk used for scrubbing the floor, a mop.    v. AR ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To scrub (a floor with a coconut husk), mop (a floor). Lampasuhi in

lantay. Scrub the floor. Cf. *lanuꞌ, tarapu lampaw adj. More, superior, greater (in degree, number, height, weight, size, etc.). Lampaw in daya niya dayn kātuꞌniyu katān. His riches are greater than all of ours.    v. ag mang-, -um-; ran -an. [Usu. with naka-.] To outdo (someone), surpass, excel, exceed or be superior (in something, as degree, quality, value); be excessive. Nakalampaw in taud nila. They are superior in number. Nakalampaw in taas. Superior in height. Nakalampaw in buꞌgat. Superior in weight. Lumampaw siya dayn ha katān ha susūngun. He is going to surpass everyone in the future. Lampawan niya in kusug ku. He is trying to outdo my strength. OV SYN. labi, karuk, labbaw; Cf. landuꞌ lampayaꞌ (var. tampayaꞌ) 1 adj. (Of a person’s face) broad, open, round. In tau kiyakitaan ku kimawaꞌ sin bāg lampayaꞌ in pamayhuan niya. The person whom I saw take the bag had a round face. 2 adj. (Of an earthenware plate) large. Butangan in kaunun ha lāy lampayaꞌ. Put the cooked rice on a large earthenware plate. lampik 1 n. A lining or layer (of the same or different material to protect against leak, pressure, etc. or make something thicker); saddlecloth (of an animal). Butangi lampik in baluy yan bat dumakmul. Put a layer under that mat so it will be thicker. v. AR ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To put a layer or lining under or inside of (something so as to prevent leak, pressure, etc. or make something thicker). Lampikan ta in taykud sin kuraꞌ ini. Let’s put a lining (i.e., a saddle cloth) on this horse’s back. Lampiki yan sin kātas. Line that with paper. Cf.: hanig, lapis1 , bikal. 2 v. ag mag-. (With bichara and preceded by negation), to speak directly, frankly or bluntly. Diꞌ maglampik bissara in tau yan minsan da hisiyu in kumangiꞌ in atay. That man speaks bluntly regardless of whoever gets hurt. OV SYN. *tumlang lampin1 n. A piece of cloth for wrapping a baby, a diaper. Gantii in lampin sin bataꞌ-bataꞌ bang basaꞌ. Change the baby’s diaper if it is wet.    v. AR ag mag-; ran -an. To wrap or put a fresh diaper on a baby. Lampini in bataꞌ-bataꞌ. Diaper the baby.

lampin2 v. ag mag-, -um-, mang-; pat -un. To whip, strike or kick (with a leg or a tail, as a crocodile tail); sweep (something toward or away from the agent) with the leg or tail; flip one’s legs. Malami maglampin in manga bataꞌ ha dagat. It’s joyful to watch children flip their legs in the sea. Nalampin siya sin buaya. He was struck by the tail of the crocodile. Hipanglampin ku in siki ku ha sumuuk kākuꞌ. I’ll use my legs to whip anybody who comes near me. OV SYN. *ladjaw 1 lampu n. A kerosene lamp (with a glass chimney around the wick). Sūi na in lampu magrib na. Light the lamp. It’s evening already. Cf. palitaan, kulayt lampun v. act/pat mag-. To be equal, be the same (in degree). Naglampun in karupangan sin manga bataꞌ yan. Those kids are really the same in their naughtiness. lamud 1 n. Something added or mixed (with something to form a blend or mixture). Awn lamud gandum sin kahawa ini. This coffee is mixed with corn. Unu in lamud sin pansit? What is the (meat) mixed with the noodles? v. ag mag-, -um-; pat hi-; ran -an. To add (something to something else, as in cooking); mix (things) together. Lamuri ullang in sayul. Add shrimp to the vegetable. Lamuran na in tugun ku ha sulat mu. Include my order in your letter. Ayaw papaglamura in istaꞌ dakulaꞌ iban asibiꞌ. Don’t mix together the big and small fish. OV SYN.: lamuk, lamugay 1. 2 n. A participant, member, someone who has a part or is involved in something; involvement. Lamud kami ha parhimpunan sin manga Muslim ha Manilaꞌ. We are members of the Muslim association in Manila. Lamud ka kamu ha panayam ini? Are you participants in this game? Wayruun lamud niya sin pagpatay ha gubnul. He has no involvement in the killing of the governor. v. ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. [Sometimes rdp.] To participate or take part in, join; associate with (someone); intervene, interfere, meddle. Lumamud aku magpanayam. I’ll join the game. Diꞌ aku mabayaꞌ lamuran maghinang sin tau lisuan. I don’t want a lazy person to join me in my work. Maytaꞌ kaw maglamud-lamud sin bukun parakalaꞌ mu? Why do you interfere when it’s not any of your affair? Liyalamuran sin parinta Milikan in unu-unu pakaradjaan ha kahulaꞌ-hulaan. The American government meddles with the affairs of other nations. OV SYN.: lapay 1, simbug; Cf.: agad 1, misraꞌ.

lamugay 1 v. ag mag-, -um-, mang-; pat -un. To mix, mingle; stir (things together). Liyamugay niya in kahawa pa tubig mapasuꞌ. He mixed the coffee with the hot water. Piyapaglamugay niya na in sukal iban tirigu. He mixed the sugar and flour. Subay diꞌ maglamugay in manga usug iban babai ha hambuuk bilik. The boys and girls should not be mixed in one room. Diꞌ aku mabayaꞌ maglamugay iban sin manga tau yan. I don’t want to mix with those people. OV SYN. lamud 1, gawgaw 2 adj. Untidy, disarranged, in a confused or disorderly condition, mixed up; confused and incoherent (as of speech). Lamugay in manga kakatasan ha lamisahan mu. The papers on your table are in a disorderly condition. Lamugay in pagbutang sin manga būk. The books are disarranged. Lamugay in pagbissara niya. His speech is confused and incoherent. v. ag mag, -um-, mang-; pat -un. To disarrange, jumble, throw (something) into disorder. Naglamugay in listahan sin ngān sin tau, hangkan kiyahunitan aku. The list of people’s names is disarranged, that’s why I have difficulty. Cf.: lamugut, pulak-palik. lamugut adj./adv. Not in order, untidy, sloppy, unsystematic. Lamugut in pagsulat sin manga ngān. The names are not written in order. In tau lisuan lamugut in hinangan. A lazy person does a sloppy job. Lamugut in paghinang niya. His way of working is unsystematic.    v. ag -um-, mag-; pat -un. To do something in a disorderly, sloppy, or unsystematic manner; mess (something) up; be thrown into an agitated confusion. Maglamugut in hinang mu bang kaw magꞌūs-ꞌūs sadja. Your work will be sloppily done if you’re always in such haste. Liyamugut niya in manga kakatasan ha lamisahan ku. He messed up the papers on my table. Naglamugut sadja nagsuntuk in manga kabataan. The kids are agitatedly and confusedly fistfighting. Cf. lamugay 2, sulang-saling, pulak-palik lamuk n. Fish, seafood, or meat (cooked with vegetables or noodles, as minced meat, chicken, shrimp, or dried fish). Unu in lamuk sin sayul liyutuꞌ mu? What meat did you use with the cooked vegetables?    v. AR ag mag-; ran -an. To add fish, seafood, or meat (to vegetables or noodles). Lamuki ullang in pansit. Add shrimp to the noodles.    adj. malamuk Accompanied by plenty of fish, seafood, meat, or chicken. Masarap in pansit bang malamuk. Pansit is delicious if it has plenty of chicken, meat, and shrimp in it. Cf. lamud 1 lamun n. Nearsightedness, shortsightedness (from natural causes, foreign bodies in the eyes, or old age).

In lamun sin mata niya dayn ha kabataꞌ-bataꞌ pa. She has been nearsighted since childhood.    v. act/pat mang-, -um-; pat -un. (For the eyes) to be or become blurred or bleary (due to strain, etc.; often accompanied by a giddy feeling). Bang kaw magbassa malugay manglamun in pangatud mu. When you read for a long time your vision becomes bleary. Cf. *abung2 lana 1 n. Oil (a general term, but usu. refers to cooking oil). v. ag mag-; pat -un; ran -an. To put or add cooking oil to something (-an), make cooking oil (-un); oil (something). Kugut kaw lahing, maglana kita. Grate some coconut, we’ll make cooking oil. Subay lanahan in makina. The machine should be oiled. adj. malana Covered with or containing oil, oily, greasy. Malana in unud sapiꞌ. The beef is oily. n. lanahan A container used to make or extract oil. Biyagbag nila in lanahan hi Apuꞌ Agasi. They broke the oil maker of grandfather Agasi. lana lahing (comp.) n. Coconut oil, cooking oil. lana mahamut (comp.) n. Perfume. lana gās (comp.) n. Kerosene. 2 v. AR ag mang-; ran -an. To fawn on (someone to obtain favors), butter (someone) up. Lana-lanahan ta siya bat kita dihilan sīn. Let’s fawn on him so he will give us money. Cf. abbu 2, animu lanab 1 n. Flavor, taste (esp. of food). Way lanab sin pagkaun bang way asin niya. Food has no flavor if it has no salt. adj. malanab Tasty, delicious. Malanab in pagkaun. The food is delicious. v. ST pat -um-, mag-. To become tasty. Lumanab in lamay bang awn bitchin niya. The viand becomes tasty when it has vetsin. Cf.: nanam 1, sarap1 . 2 n. The pleasure enjoyed in sexual relations. lanas n. The period within which ripe fruits (like mango or durian) fall easily. Ha lawm hangka-pitu ini amuna in lanas hinug mampallam. It will be ripe mango fall period within this week.    vi. aux ma-. For almost all or a great many (of the focused item) to fall or be affected as indicated by the verb (see examples). Nalanas in duyan kabii. A great many durian fell last night. Nalanas miyatay in manga kuminis ha Bitnam. A great many communists died in Vietnam. Nalanas in dahun sin kahuy yan. Almost all the leaves fell from that tree. Nalanas na in ipun ku sabab maas na aku. Almost all of

my teeth have fallen out because I’m old.    vt. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. (For an agent [as a person, wind, or fire]) to cause all, almost all, or a great many (of the focused item) to fall or affect them as indicated by the verb. Lanasun ta na in bunga sin mampallam pādpād usibaan sin kabataan. Let’s harvest all the fruit on the mango tree rather than let the children damage it. Liyanas sin manga mundu piyatay in pasahiru ha taas tarak. The outlaws killed almost all the passengers on the bus. Cf. ayas, *ambat 1 lanaw n. A small pool of water (esp. stagnant or muddy water), puddle, body of fresh water. Nagpaanud in manga kabataan kappal-kappal ha lanaw. The children floated toy boats in the pool.    v. act/pat mag-, -um-; ran -an. To form puddles or pools, overflow in excess (as of beginning a lake). Maglanaw in dān bang makusug in ulan. Puddles will form on the road if the rain is hard. Naglanaw in kahawa ha lamisahan. The coffee made a pool on the table. Cf. lasay 1 lanay n. Silk. Mahunit tahiun in lanay. Silk is hard to sew. Cf. dasu *lanay v. act/pat mag-, -um-, mang-; pat -un; ran pag-…-an. (For candy, butter, lard, soap, tablet, etc.) to melt. Ayaw pagbutangan in manga kindi yan ha lugal mapasuꞌ bat diꞌ maglanay. Don’t put the candy near anything hot or it will melt. Cf. tunaw, tinuꞌ, hansul 1 *landag adj. malandag (Of merchandise) fast-selling, best-selling. Malandag in kakanaꞌ yan ha tabuꞌ. That cloth is the best-selling article in the market.    v. act/pat -um-, mag-. (For merchandise) to move quickly, sell well. Diꞌ lumandag in buwahan bang mataud in nagdaragang. The lanzones won’t sell well if there are many people selling. landak n. A crowbar. Subay landak in hipagꞌukat sin lantay ini. We need a crowbar to pry up this flooring.    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To pry something with a crowbar. Landakun ta in tuung yan bat makawaꞌ in ha lawm. We’ll pry open that box with a crowbar to get what’s inside. Cf. bāra landang n. Prepared sago palm (lumbiya molded into small round fragments and preserved by hardening in the sun). Marayaw lamuran landang in sindul. It’s good to put some prepared sago palm in the sweet soup.    v. ag mag- -um-. To make prepared sago palm. Mabayaꞌ kaw maglandang? Do you want to make

prepared sago palm?    v. pat -un. To make (sago palm) into prepared sago palm. *landang-landang v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To fry fish or meat (in a moderate amount of oil). Landanglandang kaw istaꞌ. You fry some fish. SYN. piritu; Cf. guling, ligang, buwang1, daral1 landasan n. An anvil. Nākitaꞌ aku landasan didtu ha magsasasal laring. I saw an anvil at the knife smith. landiꞌ adj. Inclined to play at love, flirtatious. Landiꞌ in babai yan. That woman is flirtatious.    v. ag mag-, -um-. To flirt. Ayaw na kaw maglandiꞌ bang kaw taga paghulaꞌ na. Don’t flirt any more when you’re already married. Cf. bigaꞌ landuꞌ adv. Very, greatly, much, in too great a degree, extremely, excessively, exceedingly, immoderately, out of all proportion. Landuꞌ aku nasusa pagꞌingat ku nasakit kaw. I was very worried when I heard that you were sick.    adj. Great, severe, excessive, extreme. Bang landuꞌ na in sakit mahunit na ubatan. If the sickness becomes severe it will be hard to medicine.    v. ST pat -um-. To become intense, extreme, excessive, great, severe. Bang makalanduꞌ in paglangug lumugay makapagkālu. If joking becomes excessive it may lead to a quarrel.    v. ran ka-…-an. To have done something which should not have been done, overdo something. Kiyalanduan niya kiyabutang in katān tirigu ha addun. He overdid it by putting all the flour in the dough. Cf. sangat, karuk landug v. ST pat -um-, mag-. To be or become slippery (as of a soapy surface), slide or stumble (on a slippery surface). Kamayaꞌ kaw lumandug ha simintu. Be careful, you might slip on the cement.    adj. malandug Slippery. Nahulug in basu dayn ha lima niya sabab malandug. The glass fell from her hand because it was slippery. Cf. *lusut 1, *laꞌdus lanjal v. ag -um-, mag-; goal -un; pat hi-. To proceed, advance, go on, go further, continue, go ahead. ‘Lanjal na kamu pa lamisahan,’ laung niya ha manga luruk. ‘Go right on up to the table,’ he said to the guests. Lumanjal pa aku pa tabuꞌ pagꞌuwiꞌ ku dayn ha upis. I’ll proceed to the market when I come home from the office. Diꞌ makalanjal in tulak namuꞌ pa Sambuwangan. We can’t go ahead with our trip to Zamboanga. Minsan sila diꞌ mabayaꞌ, hilanjal ku ra in maksud ku magsundalu. Even if they

don’t like it I’m continuing my plans to be a soldier. Pagꞌabut ta pa Sambuwangan, lanjalun ta pa Basilan lawagun hi Rahima. When we get to Zamboanga, we’ll proceed to Basilan to look for Rahima.    n. lanjalan Furthering, continuation. Diꞌ aku makaagad kaymu sabab awn pa lanjalan sin panaw ku. I can’t go with you because I still have a continuation of my journey. SYN. laus, hapit1 lanjang n. Tallness, height. Nakalanduꞌ in lanjang mu. Your tallness surpasses that of the others.    v. ST pat mag-, -um-. To become tall, to grow (so as to become tall). Maglalanjang pa in bataꞌ yan. That child is still growing.    adj. malanjang Tall, slender. SYN. taas 1, layug lanjang kawit (comp.) adj. Very tall, gigantic, lanky. Marayaw magpanayam baskitbul in tau lanjang kawit. Tall, lanky people are good at playing basketball. lanlan (var. lallan) 1 v. ag mag-, -um-, mang-; pat -un. To eat one kind of food only, not accompanied by anything else (usu. viand without rice). Maglanlan kami sin tiyapa istaꞌ bābā mapasuꞌ. We will eat the roasted fish without rice while it’s hot. Lanlanun ku na in manuk ini. I’ll eat this chicken without rice. 2 v. ag mag-, -um-. To call a person (older than oneself) by his plain name (without due respect). Ayaw sadja kaw maglanlan ha manga kamaasan mu. Do not just call your parents and elder relatives by their plain names. Lannang n. Chinese. Mataud Lannang nagtitinda ha Lupaꞌ Sūg. There are many Chinese operating stores on Jolo.    v. ag mag-. To speak Chinese. Diꞌ aku maingat maglannang. I don’t know how to speak Chinese. SYN. Sinaꞌ Lannang huyhuy n. A Chinese Muslim. In Lannang huyhuy amu in manga bangsa Lannang nagꞌaagama Muslim. The Chinese Muslims are those Chinese who are embracing the Muslim religion. *lannyut v. act/pat -um-. To prosper, be successful. Diꞌ lumannyut in pagꞌusaha mu bang kaw diꞌ matuyuꞌ. You won’t prosper in your business unless you give more diligence to it.    v. pat pa-…-un. To lengthen (someone’s life). Bang mān sin Tuhan palannyutun da in umul mu. May

God lengthen your life span. Cf. habaꞌ 2 lansa n. A motor launch (made of wood). Maghinang aku lansa pagꞌagaran ku. I’ll build a motor launch for my personal transportation. lansa-lansa n. The cosmos (a plant with several colors that blooms in the fall). Makakūg-kūg kitaun in sumping lansa-lansa. It’s really cute to look at a cosmos plant. lansang n. A nail. Kiyatunukan siya sin lansang gahaꞌ. He pricked himself on a rusty nail.    v. CH 1 ag mag-, -um-, mang-; pat -un; ran -an. To nail (something). Lansanga in manga tuung yan. Nail those wooden boxes. Lansangan ta in atup sabab bang makusug hangin agun marā. Let’s add nails to the roof because in a strong wind it’s almost carried away. lansuk n. A candle. Subay tumagama lansuk hipagsūꞌ sabab wayruun kurinti dūm ini. We should prepare candles to light because there will be no electricity tonight.    v. ag mag-. To use a candle. Bang way lampu, maglansuk na sadja kita. If there’s no lamp, we’ll just use candles.    v. ran -an. To put melted candle wax on (something), clean (something) with melted candle wax. Lansukan ta in lantay. We’ll put melted candle wax on the floor.    n. palansukan A candlestick. lansuk ha guwaꞌ, bingit ha lawm (idiom) n. A hypocrite, treacherous person (lit. a candle on the outside, a hook on the inside). lansung n. Ink (the dark liquid secretion squirted out by cuttlefish, squid, etc.). Īgi in lansung sin kanuus yan. Remove the ink of that squid. Mītum in ipun niya sin lansung sin kanuus. His teeth became black from the ink of the squid. lantak adj. Totally or completely deaf. Bang kaw bukun lantak mahi diꞌ mu karungugan in pagtawag ku? If you are not deaf then why can’t you hear me calling you? Cf. bisu lantakaꞌ n. An indigenous brass cannon.    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To shoot or use such a cannon. Ha pagbunuan bihaun way na maglantakaꞌ. In today’s fighting nobody uses an indigenous brass cannon any more. Cf. ispil

lantap (var. of lattap) n Something that floats to the top of a liquid into which it was originally mixed, scum (as of coffee or cooking oil in soup). lantaw n. A long net (set or hauled).    v. ag mang-; pat -un. To use a long net to catch (fish). Sūng kitaniyu manglantaw. Let’s catch fish with a long net. Lantawun ta in lumahan. Let’s catch the striped mackerel with a long net. Cf. laya lantay 1 n. Floor. Kuskusi niyu in lantay. Scrub the floor. v. AR ag mag-; ran -an. To furnish with a floor. Subay na ubus magꞌatup ampa lantayan in bāy. After roofing then the flooring should be added to the house. 2 v. rdp. ran -an. To support (something) with a brace (as a dislocated or broken part of the body). Subay lantay-lantayan in lima baliꞌ. A broken arm must be supported by a brace. lantik adj. Double-jointed (also malantik). In siku hi Salip Piandung malantik. Salip Piandung’s elbow is double-jointed.    v. act/pat -um-, mag-, mang-. (For a person or animal’s torso or limb) to bend in the opposite direction from usual; (for an object) to bend, curl. Manglantik in plaka yan bang kasugahan. That record will bend if it’s left in the sun. Piyalantik in kilay niya. She curled her eyebrow. lanting n. A large raft. Cf. alul lantup v. act/pat mag-, -um-, hi-. To float to the surface, to surface. Diꞌ lumantup in batu ha tubig. A stone will not float to the surface of water. Unu-unu na magaan hilantup ha tubig. Anything which is light will float in water. Palantupun in manga batang kahuy ha subaꞌ. Let’s let the tree trunks float in the river.    adj. liyalantup Floating. Liyalantup in patay ha dagat. The dead person is floating on the ocean. Cf. *antung *lanuꞌ vt. AR ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To clean (something). Lanui in bilik mu. Clean your room.    vi. ST pat -um-. To become clean. Diꞌ yan lumanuꞌ bang mu diꞌ hugasan. That won’t become clean unless you wash it.    adj. malanuꞌ Clean, free from dirt. Malanuꞌ in badjuꞌ niya. Her dress is clean. ANT. lummiꞌ 1; Cf.

lissin lanus 1 adj. Wilted, withered (generally of leaves; also of coconuts, coffee and grains of corn). Lanus in dahun sayng yaun. Those banana leaves are withered. v. ST pat mag-, -um-. To wither. Lumanus in manga dahun bang panuga. The leaves will wither when it’s dry season. Cf.: luyluy. 2 v. ma-. To be or become a spinster or an old bachelor. Pagꞌasawa na kaw bat kaw diꞌ malanus. Get married now so you won’t be an old bachelor. lanut n. Abaca. Haꞌguta niyu in lanut supaya hikaragang. Strip the abaca so that it can be sold. (See Appendix 5: Plants) lāng v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un, hi-; ran -an. To stop or forbid (someone from doing something), prohibit. Lānga sila ayaw papaghibuka. Stop them from making noise. Ayaw kaw himinang sin liyāngan sin Tuhan. Don’t do what God has forbidden. langan n. A lullaby. Unu in langan kasūban mu pagdungugun? What is your favorite lullaby?    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To sing a lullaby (esp. to rock a baby to sleep). Bang kaw maglangan ha bataꞌ-bataꞌ ayaw mu pakusuga tuud. If you sing a lullaby to a child it should not be loud. Langanun sin inaꞌ in bataꞌ-bataꞌ supaya makatūg. The mother will sing a lullaby to the baby so that it will sleep. Cf. baat, kalang2 , sindil, luguꞌ langat-langat n. The (highest degree of) heat (from the sun at noontime). Miyanaw siya langat-langat suga. She walked under the heat of the sun. OV SYN. parat langaw n. Botfly, a species of large fly. Tiyapuan langaw in paliꞌ sin kuraꞌ. Large flies landed on the horse’s cut.    v. act/pat mag-; pat -un. To be infested with such flies. Bugitan in basura yan bat diꞌ langawun in halaman. Throw away that garbage so the yard won’t be infested with botflies. Liyalangaw in barilis pagbugitan nila lummiꞌ. The barrels where they throw garbage are swarming with botflies. Cf. pikut langgaꞌ (var. of *langka) v To love (someone) to the point of pampering, baby (someone). Used only in Jolo town.

langgahit v. AR ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To hem (something). Langgahita ba in badjuꞌ ku. Will you hem my dress? Cf. ayum-ayum, bagsaꞌ, bakiyaꞌ, dahut langgal1 n. A mosque (wherein no religious member of the royalty has ever said a prayer), chapel. Cf. masjid langgal2 1 v. ag mag-, -um-; goal -un. To meet or encounter (something) by chance. Bang mu siya langgalun baytai pakaria. If you meet him by chance tell him to come here. Cf. bāk 2 v. ag -um-. (With object saraꞌ) to do something that is prohibited, break (laws, regulations, rules). Ayaw lumanggal saraꞌ sin iskul. Don’t break the regulations of the school. langgal saraꞌ (comp.) v. Against the established law or rules. Langgal saraꞌ pa Tuhan in magjina. Adultery is against the law of God. Langgal saraꞌ in magdā sinapang. It’s against the law to carry firearms. langgang n. Dryness in the throat, thirst (usu. due to much heat). Diꞌ ku na kasandalan in langgang ku yan. I can’t stand my thirst.    v. ST pat -un. To become thirsty. Liyalanggang sadja kita bang panuga. We always get thirsty when it’s dry season.    adj. malanggang Thirsty. Painuma aku tubig, malanggang aku yan. Give me water, I’m thirsty. SYN. uhaw langgang uhaw n. Extreme thirst (suggests dryness of the throat). In tubig mahagpay makaubat langgang uhaw. Cold water can cure one’s extreme thirst. langgit n. A vaccination, inoculation. Hīnglaw siya pasal sin langgit niya. He is feverish because of his vaccination.    v. AR ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To vaccinate (someone), be vaccinated. Subay langgitan in manga tau sabab awn kulira dumatung. People should be vaccinated because cholera is coming. SYN. injiksiyun 1 langgung n. A sibling.{langgung babai sister, langgung usug brother, langgung hangka-amaꞌ halfbrother or sister (same father), langgung hangka-inaꞌ half-brother or sister (same mother).} Asal

dapitan ku in langgung ku. Naturally, I’ll side with my sibling.    v. RC ag mag-. To be siblings born of the same parents or have one parent in common. Maglanggung kami kay Abdul. Abdul and I are brother and sister. SYN. taymanghud langit n. The sky. Masawa in langit bang mataud bituun. The sky is clear when there are many stars. Cf. āyan, awan *langka (var. langgaꞌ) v. ag mag-, -um-. (For a child) to demand (something) from a parent or grandparent (mag-), become demanding (-um-). Awn bataꞌ maglangka sadja ha inaꞌ. There are children who are always demanding from their mother. Lumangka in bataꞌ-bataꞌ bang agarun sadja in kabayaan niya. A child becomes demanding if his wishes are always followed.    v. pat pa-…-un. To love (someone, esp. a child) to the point of pampering, baby (someone). Piyalalangka siya sin amaꞌ niya. She’s pampered by her father. Piyalalangka siya sin inaꞌ niya sabab sakitan siya. Her mother continued to baby her because she is sickly. OV SYN. dakag langkahan n. Sill, threshold. In langkahan lawang sarang in dayaw. The threshold of the house is good enough. Marayaw in kabutang sin langkahan ha utud sin lantay. The sill of the door was placed very well across the floor. *langkap n. kalangkapan Home implements (as furniture or utensils). Naubus nasunug in kalangkapan nila. All their home implements were burned. Cf. kapanyapan panyap langkat vt. ag mag-, mang-, -um-; pat -un; ran -an. To dismantle or disassemble (the parts of a machine, engine, furniture, house or the whole of anything). Langkata in kapanyapan makina sin lilus ini. Dismantle the parts of the machinery of this watch. Hipalangkat ku in sīya ini. I’ll have this chair dismantled. Langkatun taniyu in bāy ini ubus ampa hinangun magbalik. Let us disassemble this house and then reconstruct it afterwards. In mangiꞌ karingding kiyalangkatan na. The wall that was not properly built was taken apart.    vi. pat ma-. (For something heavy or tight) to be destroyed or ruined. In bulaꞌ baꞌgu nalangkat na. The new split bamboo was already destroyed. OV SYN. larak langkay n. A dried coconut leaf. Kawaꞌ kaw langkay hipagsāb ta sin sakayan. You get dried coconut leaves for singeing off the dirt from the canoe. (See niyug for table.)

langking n. Chinese black dye (used for shoes). Bī kaw madtu langking hipagꞌitum ta sin kapatus mu. Go buy black dye. We’ll use it to blacken your shoes.    v. AR ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To dye (shoes) black. Langkingan ku in kapatus ku. I’ll dye my shoes black. Cf. tinaꞌ langkit adj. Adjoining, adjacent, neighboring, consecutive, successive. Langkit in kawman namuꞌ. We are in neighboring villages. Langkit duwa adlaw siya walaꞌ nakakaun. He wasn’t able to eat for two consecutive days.    v. ag mag-. To do something consecutively. Naglangkit siya duwa sīni. He went to two consecutive movies.    v. pat -un. To adjoin (something). Subay langkitun in bilik mu iban sin manga anak mu. We have to adjoin your room with that of your children. OV SYN. langkus; Cf. sugpat langkum v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To join together, group, unite; join (objects), attach (something to something else). Naglangkum in manga tau gimba iban higad namunuꞌ ha parinta. The people from the interior and from the town joined together to fight the government. Langkuma in duwa patung yan. Join those two bamboo poles. Cf. sugpat langkus adj. Connected in one piece, joined, (of script) cursive. Langkus in bāy nila pa kāmuꞌ. Their house is connected to ours. Diꞌ aku maingat magsulat langkus. I don’t know how to write cursive script.    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To continue, join or connect (something). Langkusun na sin parinta in dān ini pa tabuꞌ. The government will connect this road to the market.    adj. langkusan Leading to (a place). Amu ini in dān langkusan pa iskul. This is the road leading to the school. Cf. langkit, sugpat langkuwas n. Ginger. In langkuwas pagꞌusalun pagꞌīg langsa sin istaꞌ. Ginger is used to remove the smell of fish. Subay awn langkuwas bang maghinang sabaw. There should be ginger when making soup. SYN. luuya pula comp. luuya langlang v. ST pat -um-. (For an opening such as a door) to be or become partially open. Palanglangun ku sadja in lawang supaya diꞌ kakitaan pa guwaꞌ in lawm bāy. I’ll just open the door partially so that the

inside of the house can’t be seen from outside. Cf. hanghang langpad adj. (Of a stone) flat. In batu langpad marayaw pagdakdakan tamungun. A flat stone is good for washing clothes. In batu langpad paghinangun batu ligiran. A flat stone can be made into a stone mill. Cf. papad 1 langpas 1 v. ag mag-, mang-; pat -un; ran -an. To rob, raid, plunder, loot. Langpasan sin mundu in Tiyanggi dūm ini. The bandits will raid the town (of Jolo) tonight. Kiyalangpasan in tinda nila kahapun. Their store was robbed yesterday. Cf.: *takaw. n. manglalangpas A raider, looter, plunderer. Cf.: sugarul. 2 v. ag mang-; ran -an. To overpass someone else’s authority, do things without permission (esp. parents’ permission). Ayaw kamu manglangpas ha maas. Don’t do things without your parents’ permission. langsa n. The slimy odor (of fresh fish, snakes, duck or goat meat). Hugasi in sangkalan bat maīg in langsa sin istaꞌ. Wash the chopping board to get rid of the fish odor.    adj. malangsa Bad-tasting, (refers to fish or meat that has a bad taste due perhaps to being spoiled or to blood that has not been washed off). SYN. lungsi langsay n. A canopy, cloth screen, drapes. Malanuꞌ tuud in langsay ha kantil piyagpatūgan kākuꞌ. The canopy of the bed where I was told to sleep was very clean. In manga Milikan magꞌusal tūngkalangsay ha kantil nila. Americans use three pieces of canopy on their bed. Taktaka in langsay ku. You lower my drapes. Pitung lapis langsay in pagtutūgan niya. She sleeps on a bed having seven layers of canopy. langtu n. The odor of fresh grated cassava. Diꞌ aku mabayaꞌ maghamut sin langtu sin panggiꞌ. I don’t like to smell the fresh grated cassava odor.    adj. malangtu Having such an odor. Ayaw naa kaw magsanglag, malangtu pa in tiyumpiꞌ yan. Don’t fry the cassava yet, the square still has that fresh grated odor. langug n. A joke, mischief. Biyaꞌ wayruun ngiꞌ sin langug niya. It’s as if his joke has no malice.    v. ag mag-, -um-, mang-; pat -un. To joke (with someone), play a joke (on someone). Ayaw mu languga, dugalan sa yan. Don’t play a joke on him, he might get annoyed.    adj. malangug Jolly, playful, naughty, mischievous. Malangug in bagay ku. My friend is a jolly

fellow. Malangug tuud in bataꞌ ini. This child is so naughty. Cf. *jullit, juri languy v. TV ag mag-, -um-; goal -un. To swim (to a destination). Languy kaw dayn dī madtu. Swim from here to there. Languyun ku in bangkaꞌ yaun. I’ll swim out to that canoe. *lanyap vi. ST pat ma-. To disappear, vanish suddenly; be out of one’s mind or senses, lose one’s reason. Nalanyap sadja in tau iyapas namuꞌ. The fellow we were chasing suddenly vanished. Nalanyap kākuꞌ in dunya pagꞌingat ku sin miyatay siya. I lost my senses when I found out that he had died. Cf. lawaꞌ2 *lapa v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un; ran -an. To cut (grass, weeds, underbrush). Lapahi in parang ha daig sin uma ta. Cut the grass next to our field. (See utud for table.)    n. lalapa A tool for cutting grass, weeds, underbrush. Kāa madtu in lalapa hipaglapa ta sin sagbut. Go get the cutting tool, we’ll use it for cutting the weeds. lapad-lapad n. A small shelf. Biyutang ku in sudlay mu ha lapad-lapad. I placed your comb on the small shelf. Cf. paga-paga lapak-lapak 1 n. Sounds in rapid succession (but each sound is still distinguishable, [e.g., shots from a 50caliber gun]). Bang magbissara Anggalis in mastal yan biyaꞌ lapak-lapak. When that teacher speaks English it’s like sounds in rapid succession. adj. Fluent and rapid (in speaking). Lapak-lapak siya magbissara Anggalis. He is a fluent and rapid speaker of English. OV SYN.: dapa-rapa 1, amut, sapat; Cf.: malapal lapal. 2 n. A toy (made by splitting the rib of a banana leaf part way and flapping it rapidly back and forth). 3 n. A type of grass whose flower makes a sound when crushed. lapal n. Word, statement. Wayruun lapal diyungug ku dayn kaniya. I didn’t hear a word from him. SYN. kabtangan; Cf. bissara, himumungan derv. pamung, hilalaungan derv. laung1    v. ag mag-; goal -an. To speak, say something. Bang aku in maglapal tantu maagad. If I say something it will certainly be followed.    adj. malapal Fluent, having good diction, having a good command of language. Malapal siya magꞌanggalis. He’s fluent in English. Cf. hantap, hurup lapat 1 adj. Closed, stopped, plugged (as a hole, leak, opening). Diꞌ makalabay in tubig sabab lapat in

lungag. The water can’t flow out because the hole is closed. vt. ag mag-, mang-; pat -un; ran -an. To stop up (a hole, leak, or opening). Lapatun ta in lungag bat diꞌ magtūꞌ in tubig. Let’s stop up the leak so the water won’t drip. Cf.: tambul 1, hulat1 . 2 adj. Numerous, several, many, full of, crowded. Lapat sin tau in sīni. The movie house is crowded with people. Lapat in baran niya sin pungluꞌ. His body is full of bullets. 3 v. ran -an. To overcome decisively. Liyapatan in atu nila nagbaskitbul. They overcame their rivals in basketball by many points. Cf. banus, taud lapay 1 adj. Inclusive, included, including. Lapay in tau katān ha kawman siyanggupan sin mayul. All the people inclusively in the village were threatened by the mayor. vt. ag mang-, -um-; pat -un. To include. Lapaya ba dakdaki in badjuꞌ ku. Will you include my dress in your washing? vi. pat ma-. To be or become included, involved. Nalapay siya piyagꞌamahan sin inaꞌ namuꞌ. He was included in the scolding by our mother (i.e., she scolded him too). Nalapay siya sin paglingug nila. She became involved in their trouble. Cf.: lamud 2, agad 1. 2 v. act/pat mag-. (For a quarrel, war, etc.) to spread (to include more people). Ayaw kamu mamunuꞌ sin way lamud supaya diꞌ maglapay. Don’t kill people who are not involved so that the trouble won’t spread. *lapdus v. AR ag mang-; ran -an. To hit with a belt or a rod, whip (someone). Manglapdus in mastal ha bataꞌ malangug. The teacher whips a naughty student. Lapdusan ku in bataꞌ malangug. I’ll whip a naughty child. lapiꞌ 1 vt. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To turn or open upward or sideward (something that is attached to something else, as a door or window); fold or bend (something, as a collar of a shirt, edge of a dress or pants, etc.); open up something folded (as a fold-away cot, chair, table, etc.). Lapia pa taas in tandawan. Turn the window panel up. vi. pat ma-. To become folded; flap (as of a door or roof when blown upon by strong wind); become bent (by the wind or strong pressure); (for something folded) to open. Nalapiꞌ in liug sin badjuꞌ niya. His shirt collar is folded. Diꞌ malapiꞌ in siki sin lamisahan ini. The foot of this folding table won’t open up. Nalapiꞌ in atup sin kusug sin hangin. The roof was blown up by the strong wind. Nalapiꞌ

in ād pagtanduk sin sapiꞌ. The fence became bent when butted upon by the cow. Cf.: lupiꞌ. 2 n. A Tausug man’s collarless shirt.{Has a tight-fitting sleeve reaching a little below the elbow, with a high, round neckline, open all the way in front, studded with golden buttons in front, on the shoulder, and at the edge of the sleeve. Usu. used for a special occasion.} Cf. batawi laping (gimb. luping) adj. (Of the ears) folded.    v. act -um-, mag-. (For ears) to become folded, (for an animal’s ears) to prick forward. Lumaping in taynga sin bataꞌ bang daran lupiun sin inaꞌ niya. The child’s ears will become folded if his mother is always twisting them. lapis1 n. A lining, layer. Wayruun lapis sin badjuꞌ niya. Her dress has no lining.    v. aux mag-; pat -un; ran -an. To provide a lining (for something); double (something, usu. of the same kind so as to make it thicker), (in counting money) count two or more (bills) as one (due to their sticking together). Lapisa in lubid hipaghukut sin labban. Double the string for tying the cardboard box. Naglapis in pagꞌitung mu sin pilak. You counted two or more bills as one when you counted the money. Cf. dubli lapis2 n. Shortage, deficit. Pila in lapis mu? How much is your shortage?    v. act/pat -um-; pat ma-. [Does not occur with pa₂.] To lack or be short of (something, as in making a money payment); win or lose (in gambling); lose or gain (in vengeful fighting). Nalapis pa kaw lima pilak sin bayad mu kākuꞌ. Your payment is five pesos short of the amount you owed me. Nakalapis siya kayꞌman pilak ha pagpanayaman. He won fifty pesos in gambling. Pagbaws nila namunuꞌ, mataud in nalapis nila. When they retaliated, they gained many more (i.e., they killed more people than they had lost before). OV SYN. kulang2 1 lapit adlaw adv. Just before daybreak. Subay lapit adlaw pa kaw magbatiꞌ bat kaw diꞌ hikabīn sin tarak. You should wake up just before daybreak so you won’t be left behind by the bus. Cf. subu1 2, mahinaat *lapnas vt. pat -un. To destroy completely, annihilate, ruin (something, usu. a large area or number of people, houses, or a place). Lapnasun sin manga sundalu in daira. The soldiers will destroy the city completely. Liyapnas sin linug in manga tau. The people were completely destroyed by the

earthquake.    vi. pat ma-. To be completely destroyed or ruined. Nalapnas in kagimbahan kaagi sin kanyun. The interior was destroyed by the cannon firing. lappas adj. Delivered (as from evil, danger, or sickness); redeemed (from sin). Bang man siya lappas da dayn ha kamulahan. May he be delivered from any danger.    vt. ag mag-, mang-; pat -un; ran -an. [With -un, someone delivers them. With -an, no one knows where the deliverance has or will come from.] To deliver, redeem (someone). Bang man kaw lappasan da dayn ha kasigpitan. May you be delivered from hardship.    vi. pat ma-. To be delivered. Nalappas siya dayn ha sakit. He was delivered from his sickness. Cf. salamat    n. manglalappas One who delivers, a redeemer, savior. Cf. *lukat lapu-lapu n. A thin white covering of muscular tissue (an onionskin-like tissue covering either the outermost or innermost part of something, especially that found in the hollow of a bamboo). lapud (var. lapug) adv. Swiftly, quickly (used only with dāgan). Lapud na kaw dāgan! Run quickly.    v. aux -um-, mag-. (To run) very fast (always with dāgan). Limapud siya dimāgan pagkitaꞌ kākuꞌ. He ran very fast when he saw me. OV SYN. biskay; Cf. dāgan 1 *lapud (gimb. equiv. of *sapud) v To throw something (at fruit trees so as to cause fruit to fall). lapuk n. Crispness, brittleness (usu. of food as pastries or peanuts). Bihaini in lapuk sin batung kabayaan ku. The peanuts I want should be crisp like this.    adj. malapuk Crisp, brittle (usu. of food). Bukun marayaw in jā bang bukun malapuk. Rolled rice cookies are not good if they are not crisp. ANT. kussil; Cf. *tigang lapus v. act/pat mag-, -um-; pat -un. To be full of (a skin disease). In tau yan nalalapus sin dugsul ha katibuukan sin baran. That man’s body is full of boils. Cf. hipuꞌ, lapat 1 lara n. A pepper (generic), chili pepper. Mataud tau matagi magkaun lara. Many people are fond of eating peppers. (See Appendix 5: Plants)    v. ag mag-. To use peppers (in one’s sauce [tinuanan]).

   v. ST exp ka-…-an. To feel a burning sensation in the mouth (from peppers), (for one’s food) to be too spicy or hot (in the sense of spicy).    adj. malara (Of peppers or food spiced with them) spicy, peppery, hot. larak adj. Partially destroyed, (as of a house, chair, or fence). Larak in hagdan nila. Their stairs are partially destroyed.    vt. ag mag-; pat -un. To destroy a part of (something); dismantle the parts (of something, as a machine); destroy (one’s reputation, one’s religious observance, etc.). Subay larakun in makina yan bang mu dayawun. You’ve got to dismantle the parts of that machine if you want to fix it.    vi. pat ma-. (For a house, chair, machine, one’s reputation, etc.) to be destroyed, dismantled. Nalarak in bāy nila sin badju. Their house was destroyed by a typhoon. Nalarak na in pangandul sin tau kaniya pasal sin dusa nahinang niya. People’s trust in him has been destroyed because of the crime he committed. OV SYN. langkat; Cf. lubu, kangiꞌ, *lapnas laran 1 v. ag (e.g., current, wind, waves) -um-; pat hi-; ran ka-…-an. To be driven or carried far away (as by wind, current, waves). Pasal sin kusug sin hunus liyaran in kappal pa hunasan. Because the wind was strong the ship was driven to the shoreline. Cf. *palis, *anud, *palid 2 v. act/pat mag-. To diffuse, spread out (as of fighting, fire, or natural calamity). Naglaran in pagbunuꞌ dayn ha Maimbung pa Parang. The fighting spread out from Maimbung to Parang. Cf. latag larang n. A fence, barrier enclosing some area. Kagunahan in larang ha bāy. There is a need for a fence in the house.    v. ag mag-; pat -un; ran -an. To put a fence around (something [-un]), fence (a place [-an]). Maglarang hinda Yusup sin bāy nila. Yusup and his family will be fencing their house. Subay larangan in halaman bat diꞌ makasūd in babuy talun. The yard should be fenced so that wild pigs cannot enter. Hipaglarang ku in manga patung ini. I’ll use these bamboos to make a fence. OV SYN. ād laring n. A knife (as a kitchen knife or penknife). Wayruun laring hikapanghuyaꞌ ta sin sayul ini. We have no knife to cut these vegetables with. Cf. lahut, utak, janap, bunaꞌ, pisaw laruk v. CV 1 ag mag-; pat hi-; goal/ben -an. To throw (something a short distance). Hilaruk ta kaw dayn

ha tandawan bang aku dugalan. I’ll throw you out of the window if I get mad. Larukan ku gandum in manuk, bat masaggaw. I’ll throw the chicken corn so it can be caught. Cf. *tiluꞌ 1 *larut v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un; ran -an. [No difference in meaning between -un and -an.] To pull out, to uproot (something, as plants or teeth). Ayaw paglaruta in manga tiyanum. Don’t uproot the plants. Palarutan ku in ipun ku kunsūm. I’ll have my tooth extracted tomorrow. SYN. hublut lasa n. Love (for someone, not romantic love). Naīg in lasa ku ha tau yaun. My love for that person is gone.    v. pat ma-. To love (someone). Diꞌ aku malasa ha bataꞌ-bataꞌ matugas ū. I don’t love hardheaded children.    v. ag -um-, mag-. To love (someone). Lumasa da kaw ha bataꞌ yan bang malugay na naipat mu. You would love that child if you took care of her for a while. Subay maglasa-liyasahi in manga tau. People should love one another.    v. pat -un. To love (someone), show one’s love (for someone). Mahunit lasahun in tau panipu. It’s difficult to love a traitor. Malasa siya magꞌanak. She loves her children.    adj. kalasahan Beloved. Siya in anak kalasahan. She is the beloved daughter. Cf. kasi, lindu-randam *lasag v. act/pat -um-. To be grown up, be full in size, be matured. Limasag na in umul niya. He is matured enough. Bang lumasag na in kapaya ampa ta sungkitun. When the papaya is full-grown we’ll pick it. Cf. sangput, laas lasaw (gimb. laꞌsaw) adj. (Of fruit) overripe. Lasaw na in kapaya ini. This papaya is overripe.    v. ST pat -um-. (For fruit) to become overripe, spoil. Kauna na in labanus yan bat diꞌ lumasaw. Eat that guayabano so it won’t become overripe. Cf. hinug 1 lasay (gimb. laꞌsay) 1 v. act/pat mag-, -um-. (For a liquid) to overflow, (for commodities) to be in surplus. Naglasay na in tubig dayn ha baldi. Water is overflowing from the pail. Naglasay in istaꞌ ha tabuꞌ. There is a surplus of fish at the market. OV SYN. lanaw 2 v. ag mag-, -um-. (For desire, love) to be very great, excessive, too much; (for patience) to wear thin, run out. Limalasay na in bayaꞌ niya ha babai yaun. His desire for that girl is excessive (i.e., he’s head over heels in love with her). Naglasay na in pasinsiya ku ha tau ini. My patience with this man is

wearing thin. Cf. landuꞌ, layas *lasiꞌ v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To draw back the foreskin of the penis. Ayaw lasia in utin sin bataꞌ-bataꞌ. Don’t draw back the child’s foreskin. lasig n. Activity, liveliness, cheerfulness, pep, vigor, energy. Malawaꞌ in lasig sin tau bang siya nasasakit. A person will lose his vigor when he’s sick.    v. ST pat -um-. To become active, lively, cheerful, peppy, energetic. Agad kaw maglanguy kāmuꞌ bat kaw lumasig. Go swimming with us to liven you up. Lawng sin radyu makalasig baran in magꞌinum kahawa. The radio says that coffee will make you energetic.    adj. malasig Active, lively, cheerful, sportive, peppy; erotic. Malasig pa in tau ini minsan maas na. This fellow is still active even though he is old. lassun n. Poison. Lassun in nakamatay ha tau ini. Poison is what killed this fellow.    v. ag mag-. To commit suicide by taking poison. Diꞌ makasūd surgaꞌ in tau maglassun. People who commit suicide by poison can’t enter heaven.    v. CH 1 ag mang, -um-; pat -un. To kill (something) with poison. Subay lassunun in manga ambaw. We should kill the rats with poison. lastung n. Paronychia (an inflammation of the folds of skin bordering a nail of a finger or toe, usu. characterized by infection and pus formation); the (abnormal) whitening of some hair (in young people). Mataud lastung ha buhuk sin bataꞌ ini. This child has many white hairs. (See Appendix 8: Diseases)    v. ST pat -un. [Does not occur with pa₂.] To be affected by this disease or the (abnormal) whitening of hair. Liyalastung in bakul lima hi amaꞌ. Dad’s big finger is inflamed near the nail. Ayaw butangi lana mahamut in buhuk mu bat diꞌ lastungun. Don’t put perfume in your hair or it will turn white. Cf. uban lāsu n. A ribbon. Butangi lāsu in buhuk hi Indaꞌ. Put a ribbon on girlie’s hair.    v. AR ag mag-; ran -an. To make or place a ribbon (on something). Lāsuhi in badjuꞌ ku ha taykud. Make a ribbon at the back of my dress. lāsuꞌ n. Middle finger. Nagsisingsing in babai yaun ha lāsuꞌ niya. That woman is wearing a ring on her middle finger. Cf. bakul2 1, tudluꞌ, jaymanis, kingking

lata 1 n. Talkativeness, loquaciousness, garrulousness. Bang in lata mu biyaꞌ sin ingat mu awn da mān kasūngan mu. If your talkativeness is like your knowledge, then you’ll have a great future (ironic). v. ag mag-, mang-, -um-; pat -un. To talk lengthily (so as to cause annoyance), nag. Naglalata sadja in babai ini. This woman is always nagging. adj. malata Talkative, loquacious, garrulous. Malisuꞌ aku sin maas malata. I loathe a garrulous old person. Cf.: bichara 1. 2 v. ag mag-, mang-, -um-; pat -un. To rebuke (someone). Bang kaw latahun niya ayaw na kaw magkaybaꞌ. If she rebukes you, just be quiet. Cf. amā latag adj. Widespread, prevalent. Latag in sakit yan ha kahulaan. That sickness is widespread in the country. Cf. saplag    v. ag mag-, -um-, mang-; goal -un. To cover (an area) thoroughly; (for information, gossip, sickness, etc.) to spread, disseminate, diffuse; go to every (store, etc. looking for something). Latag kaw ha katindahan bang awn kabākan mu kakanaꞌ biyaꞌ ha ini. Cover the stores thoroughly looking for cloth like this. Naglatag na in kahiluhan bihaun pa kahulaan. The confusion is now spreading throughout the country. Naglatag aku pakain-pakain ha bataꞌ yan. I went everywhere (searching) for that child. Cf. kalingkal latal n. Food set on a brass tray (ready for serving). Tanaman niyu in latal ha manga tau ini. Prepare the food on the tray for these people.    v. ag mag-, mang-, -um-; ran -an. To prepare or set food on a brass tray. Hi inaꞌ in maglatal ha manga luruk huli. Mother will set food on a brass tray for the late guests. Cf. dulang latap n. A flood.    v. act/pat mag-, mang-, -um-; ran -an. To flood, (for a boat, etc.) to be filled with water. Maglatap dī bang makusug in ulan. It floods here when it rains hard. Liyalatapan in bangkaꞌ nila. Their dugout canoe is full of water. OV SYN. dunuk, hipuꞌ, lasay 1 latigu (Tag.) n. A whip with a rod and a lash attached at one end.    v. ag mag-, mang-, -um-; pat -un. To whip (something). Latiguhun ku in kuraꞌ ini sabab malisuꞌ dumāgan. I whip this horse because he doesn’t want to run. OV SYN. lalagut *lagut

latik-latik (var. lattik-lattik2) n. Mosquito wigglers. Bang awn tawas matay in latik-latik ha tubig. Mosquito wigglers will die if there’s alum in the water.    v. pat -un. To become infested with mosquito wigglers. Latik-latikun in tubig ulan bang malugay na. Rain water becomes infested with mosqito wigglers if it sits a long time. SYN. tilaw-tilaw lattap (var. lantap) n. Something that floats to the top of a liquid into which it was originally mixed, scum (as of coffee or cooking oil in soup). Īgi in lattap sin kahawa ha basu mu. Get rid of the scum of the coffee in your glass.    v. act mag-. (For a liquid) to have a film of scum or something that floats to the top. Naglattap na in sabaw sin lana. The soup has a film of oil on the top. OV SYN. lantup    v. act/pat mag-, -um-. To float. Maglattap in lana lahing ha tubig. Cooking oil floats in water. lattik-lattik1 n. A disease of babies in which the stomach swells and the baby continually cries. (See Appendix 8: Diseases) lattik-lattik2 (var. of latik-latik) n Mosguito wigglers. *latug v. AR ag -um-, mag-; ran -an. To have the penis erect; desire intensely for sex. Magtuy latugan in usug yaun bang makakitaꞌ babai malingkat. That fellow desires sex whenever he sees a pretty girl. Ayaw kaw magsuuk ha tau liyalatugan. Don’t go near a fellow who intensely desires sex. Cf. bais *latun v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. [Often rdp.] To move, jump around, go from one (place or person) to another; deviate or digress from. Naglatun-latun in pagbissara niya. He jumped around from one topic of conversation to another. Maglatun-latun siya hulaꞌ. He goes from one place to another. Naglatun in bissara dayn ha hambuuk tau pa hambuuk. The word passed from one person to another. Cf. pinda    n. latunan A bridge. OV SYN. taytayan taytay latus v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un; ran -an. [No difference in meaning between -un and -an.] To go in one side and out the other, pierce, penetrate, go through (to the other side of something, as of a bullet, knife, or nail). Liyatus sin pungluꞌ in atay niya. The bullet penetrated his heart. Limatus in pungluꞌ pa lawm bāy nila. The bullet went through (the wall) into their house. Kamayaꞌ kaw bat diꞌ makalatus in

lansang pa lima mu. Be careful so the nail won’t pierce your hand. Cf. *lagbas *laug v. AR ag mag-, -um-, mang-; ran -an. To do physical harm (to an innocent person); make someone suffer for the fault of another, victimize, frame (someone). Laugan niya in tau mataud sīn. He will victimize the people with plenty of money. Kiyalaugan in tau najīl sin way dusa niya. A person is victimized if he is jailed when he is not at fault. Cf. mula, lakbuꞌ2 laul n. Tiredness, weariness, fatigue. Paghali-hali kaw bat maīg in laul mu. Take a rest so you will overcome your tiredness.    v. ST pat -un. To become tired or weary. Hangkarayꞌ da kaw laulun maghinang bang way hali mu. You will become easily tired from work if you don’t take a rest.    adj. makalaul Tiresome. Makalaul in magbakal pāy. It is tiresome to plant rice with a dibble stick.    adj. malaul Tired, weary, exhausted, worn out. Malaul tuud aku pagꞌuwiꞌ ku dayn ha hinang ku. I’m very worn out when I get home from work. Cf. hapus, *lunag, luug laun v. ag mag-; ran -an. To let the marriageable age pass by, become too old to get married. Pasal sin hinang niya naglaun na siya, walaꞌ nakabana. Because of her work she let the marriageable age pass, she didn’t get married. laung1 (var. lawng2) v. [Unaffixed.] To say (something); think (something). Laung nila, marayaw pa in maghinang ha parinta. They say it is better to work with the goverment. Hundung kaw, laung ku. Stop, I said. Laung mu yan, siya in nakuraꞌ, malayngkan tindug sadja siya. You would think he was the boss, but he’s only an underling. Cf. tita, parman, sabda, pamung, bichara 1, agi 1 hilalaungan (derv.) n. A formal speech, statement, remark. v. To give a remark, statement, or speech. laung2 (var. of lawng1) v To make a mistake or error, be mistaken; deceive, delude, mislead. laup n. The facing of a woman’s dress. Subay tulibas in pagꞌutud sin laup. The cutting of the facing should be on the bias.    v. AR ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To sew a facing (on a dress). Subay laupan in buktun sin badjuꞌ ini bat diꞌ magjablut. We should put a facing on the sleeve so it won’t fray. Cf. kumpiꞌ, bingkul

laus v. CV 1 ag mag-, -um-; pat hi-. To proceed (with something), continue (something), continue, go on, press forward. Diꞌ ta na hilaus in hinang. We will not continue the work. Lausan in bissara mu minsan siya dugalan. Go ahead with what you are saying even if he is angry.    v. TV goal -un. To proceed to (a place). Walaꞌ kami limaus pa bāy nila. We did not proceed to their house. Lausun ku in bāy nila. I’ll proceed to their house. OV SYN. lanjal *lāw v. ag mag-, -um-; pat pag-…-un. To long earnestly (for someone). Ayaw mu bīnan in manga anak mu, maglāw sa yan kaymu. Don’t leave your children, they’ll long earnestly for you.    n. paglāw An earnest longing for someone. Dūm adlaw in paglāw ku kaymu. Day and night I’m longing for you. OV SYN. *tumtum 2, sandung, *ā lawa n. left side; left limb, hand, or foot. Napukul in lawa niya. His left hand was amputated. Sūd kaw pa bilik harap pa lawa. Enter the room on the left side. ANT. tuu lawaꞌ1 n. A spider. (See Appendix 4: Animals, Non-flying) bāy lawaꞌ (comp.) n. A cobweb. lawaꞌ2 n. Loss. Subay bistahun in lawaꞌ mu. We should make an inventory of your losses.    vi. ST pat ma-; exp ka-…-an. To be or become lost. Ayaw kaw malawaꞌ ha pangannal. Don’t lose consciousness. Nalawaꞌ aku sin dān pa tabuꞌ. I lost my way to the market. Nalawaꞌ in bataꞌ ha lawm katauran tau. The child got lost in the crowd. Cf. *lanyap    vt. pat -un. To forget (something), put (something) out of one’s mind. Lawaun ku na ha atay ku in dusa mu kākuꞌ. I will put out of my mind the wrong you did me. lawag (var. lāg1) 1 v. ag mag-; pat -un. To find, seek, search, look for (something). Lawagi aku bāy pagsukayan. Find me a boarding house. Lawag kaw hinang. Look for work. Cf. *lungkad, *kadkad 2 v. ag mang-; goal pang-…-an. To suspect (someone over the loss of something, esp. money). Maytaꞌ aku in panglawagan mu sin sīn walaꞌ aku nakasūd pa bilik mu? Why am I the one you suspect about the money when I didn’t even enter your room? lawak n. Farness, distance between. In lawak niya kākuꞌ hangpuꞌ mitru. His farness from me is ten meters.    adj. malawak Far apart or far away in space, remote; distant (in relationship). Malawak in manga

kabāyan ha gimba. The houses in the interior are far apart. Pangtungud ku siya saꞌ malawak na. She is my distant cousin.    v. AR ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To be or get apart from. Ayaw kaw maglawak dayn ha manga iban mu. Don’t get apart from your companions. Cf. layuꞌ lawan1 n. The opposite, exact contrary thing. In lawan sin mangiꞌ marayaw. The opposite of wrong is right. lawan2 v. ag mag-; ran -an. To play with (a baby so as to make him smile or stop crying). Lawani in bataꞌbataꞌ bat diꞌ tumangis. Play with the baby so he won’t cry. lawang 1 n. A door, gate. In lawang sin bāy yaun tiyatambul. The door of that house is closed. 2 n. {Euph.} The female vulva. *lawas (see tilawasan) laway n. Saliva (running from the mouth). Pahiri in laway sin anak mu. Wipe your child’s saliva.    v. act/pat mag-. To drivel saliva, to drool. Naglalaway in bataꞌ-bataꞌ. The baby is driveling.    adj. lawayan Continuously driveling. Hangkan da lawayan in bataꞌ yan marayꞌ way nakaun sin inaꞌ in piyangiraman niya. The reason the baby is continuously driveling is probably that the mother didn’t eat what she craved when she was conceiving. Cf. luraꞌ lawd1 n. The high sea, the deep sea. Ha lawd sila iyabutan sin hangin makusug. They were struck by a strong wind on the high sea.    v. ag -um-. To move out to the deep sea.    v. ag mag-. To travel far from the shore. Maglawd in kappal bang lumabay dayn ha Sitangkai, hangkan sila lumawd pasal sin mahabaꞌ in hunasan. The ships travel far from the shore when they pass by Sitangkai; the reason why they move out to the deep sea is that the shallow water extends far out. Palawrun ta in sakayan. Let’s take the vinta out to the deeper ocean. Cf. tawid, karajum lawd2 v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To transplant (a plant). Lawra na in kapaya. Transplant the papaya seedling. Lawd Sikutraꞌ n. The Red Sea (the body of water separating the Sinai Peninsula from the rest of Egypt).

Sin timpu hi Musa bakas tiyahayan in Lawd Sikutraꞌ. During the time of Moses the Red Sea dried up once. *lawig v. AR ag mag-, -um-, mang-; ran -an. (For a vessel) to be at anchor, anchor (a vessel). In kappal yan naglalawig kiyalangpasan kabii. That ship that is at anchor was plundered last night. Lawigan ta in kumpit masuuk pa jambatan. We’ll anchor the boat near the pier. Palawiga in sakayan ta ha ūt sin Bangngas iban jambatan. Anchor our vinta between Bangngas and the wharf. Cf. *antung, sāw2 lawit v. ag mag-…-an. To go around for no reason, spend time unprofitably by rambling about. Marayaw pa kaw dimī ha bāy dayn sin maglawitan. It is better for you to stay at home than to go around for no reason. Cf. *lunsul, sāsab, kāmbuyan lawm 1.1 n. Depth, (as of the sea or a cut); the inside, interior of (something). Biyaꞌdiin in lawm sin dagat piyaglanguyan niyu? How deep was the ocean where you were swimming? Pīpinta in lawm sin bāy nila. The interior of their house is painted. Cf.: luun. n. kalawman The uttermost depth, deepest spot. Yadtu sila namingit ha kalawman. They are fishing in the uttermost depth. adj. malawm Deep. Malawm in paliꞌ niya. He has a deep cut. vi. ST pat -um-, mag-; ran -an. To become deeper. Tagaran ta lumawm in dagat ampa kita magsakayan. We’ll wait till the ocean deepens and then go out with the canoe. Palawma in pagkaliꞌ mu. Make your digging into the soil deeper. 1.2 n. The depth (of one’s thoughts). adj. malawm (Of one’s thoughts) deep, perceptive, keenly intuitive; (of words) hard to understand. Malawm in pamikil sin tau balꞌakkal. A wise man has deep thoughts. ANT.: babaw 2.1. 2 n. lawman (Someone’s) roof, home, care, protection, support and guidance (in the phrase ha lawman). Bang way pa paghulaꞌ mu subay kaw ha lawman sin maas mu. If you’re still unmarried you should remain under your parents’ roof. In bataꞌ yan limagguꞌ ha lawman namuꞌ. That child grew up in our home. 3 n. The seriousness (of a disease). adj. malawm (Of a disease) grave, serious. Subay kaw magpauspital sabab malawm in sakit mu. You should be hospitalized because your illness is serious.

lawm-tiyan n. A disorder of the abdomen (not just the ordinary stomachache). Laung sin mangungubat lawm-tiyan in sakit mu. The herb doctor says that your sickness is a disorder of the abdomen. (See Appendix 8: Diseases)    v. ST pat -un. To develop a disorder of the abdomen. Ayaw na kaw magꞌagad magbaskitbul gana-gana lawm-tiyanun kaw. Don’t go along with them playing basketball or you may develop a disorder of the abdomen. lawng1 (var. laung2) v. ag mag-, mang-; pat ma-; ran ka-…-an. To make a mistake, error, be mistaken; deceive, delude, mislead. Nalawng aku nagꞌitung sin sīn. I made a mistake in counting the money. Maap-maap dakuman Indaꞌ kiyalawngan ta kaw anak ku. I beg your pardon, young lady, I mistook you as my daughter. Ayaw mu aku lawnga bat kaingatan ku in saraꞌ. Don’t try to deceive me, for I know the regulations. Cf. *salu, *sāꞌ lawng2 (var. of laung1) v [Unaffixed.] To say (something), think (something). lāy n. A dish, plate. Luwaga in kaunun pa lāy. Ladle the rice onto the plate. SYN. tapak laya n. A casting net. Mataud istaꞌ in nakawaꞌ sin laya nila kabii. Many fish were caught with their casting net last night.    v. ag mag-, mang-, -um-; pat -un. To fish with a casting net. Didtu kitaniyu maglaya ha daig bungsud. Let’s fish with a casting net near the fish corral. Cf. linggiꞌ, pukut layaꞌ adj. (Of plates, dishes, pans, etc.) flat. Butangan in liyandang-landang istaꞌ ha lāy layaꞌ. Place the fried fish on a flat plate. ANT. kubbung; Cf. papad 1 layag n. A sail (the square sail used on small boats). Mabiskay dumāgan in sakayan bang butangan layag abila mahangin. The vinta sails fast when you put a sail on it, especially when it’s windy.    v. ag mag-; goal -un. To sail (to a place). Maglayag kita pa Siasi. Let’s sail to Siasi. Cf. banug *layag v. act/pat nag-…-an. [Does not occur with pa₂.] (For) menstruation to be delayed. Bang kaw diꞌ duguun manga tū bulan hāti niya naglayagan in pagduguꞌ kaymu. If you don’t menstruate for three months it means that your menstruation has been delayed. Cf. tarasaw

layagan n. Sorghum (a grain similar to rice, but taller and with coarser heads).{Sown in among rice. Cooked the same way as rice.} Andropogon sorghum (See Appendix 5: Plants) layal agung tagul banuwa n. {Archaic} A royal gong (used for summoning the sultan’s subjects, esp. used in oral literature). Bang lisagun na in layal agung tagul banuwa magtipun in katān patik pa astanaꞌ sin sultan. When the royal gong is sounded then all the subjects of the sultan assemble at his residential palace. Cf. agung layas (gimb. laꞌyas) v. act/pat mag-, mang-, -um-. To be plentiful, be in excess; have more than enough, a superabundance, a profusion, an oversupply. Naglayas na in altaꞌ nila. They have a superabundance of wealth. Naglalayas na in bayaꞌ niya ha babai yaun. His desire for that girl is in excess (i.e., is excessive). Layas-manglayas in kakaun ha bāy nila. They have an oversupply of food in their house. Cf. labi, lasay 1 laylatul n. A Muslim saint (who returns to earth and if seen will bring good luck to a person), apparition, angel.{Said to appear at the end of the fasting month.} Sukuran kaw bang kaw mākitaꞌ laylatul. You will have good luck if you see an apparition of a Muslim saint. Cf. awliyaꞌ laylay adj. Torn, tattered. Laylay in piyapantalun niya. He is wearing tattered pants. Cf. tastas, gisiꞌ, girit, laklak 1, saksak lāylāy 1 n. A light, familiar, informal talk; chat. Mahabaꞌ tuud in lāylāy niya. His chat was very lengthy. adj. malāylāy Chatty, given to light talk. Malāylāy tuud hi Ihiraji. Ihiraji is very chatty. v. ag mag-, -um-; goal -an. To talk (about something to someone) in a light, familiar or informal manner. Lāylāyan ta kaw ha pasal sin pagpamayaꞌ-mayaꞌ ku ha asawa ku. I’ll tell you about my courtship of my wife. Mahinaat pa maglāylāy na in manga tau ini. It’s still morning and these people are already chatting. Cf.: bichara 1, suysuy. 2 n. A phonograph record. SYN. plaka *layn v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un, hi-; ran -an. To move (i.e., transfer residence); move, remove or send (something from one person, place, or position to another), transfer (something). Layna pa dugaing lāy in kaunun ini. Transfer this food to a different dish. Laynan ta in lāy mital ini sabab subay hiuliꞌ. Let’s

empty this can because we must return it. (i.e., transfer its contents to another container). Maglayn sila dayn ha Parang pa Tiyanggi. They will move from Parang to Jolo town. Cf. pinda layn sambung adv. By the way (used in introducing a new but related topic). Layn sambung unu in gawi mu mari pa Pilipinas? By the way, why have you come to the Philippines? laypara (gimb. equiv. of daypara) adv Luckily, fortunately; unfortunately. layuꞌ n. Distance, farness. Makumpas mu in layuꞌ sin huspital mari? Can you calculate the distance of the hospital from here?    adj. malayuꞌ/māyuꞌ Far. Malayuꞌ in landing dayn dī. The airport is far from here.    v. ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To get far away from (something). Layuꞌ kaw dayn ha tau yan. Get away from that fellow. Layuꞌ kaw! Go away!    v. magpalayuꞌ To get far away from (something). Subay kaw magpalayuꞌ dayn dī bat mu siya kalupahan. You should get far away from here so you’ll forget him. OV SYN. lawak, ladju 1 layug adj. (Of a coconut tree or a person) very tall. Subay tau layug in umabut sin taguriꞌ ha taas kahuy. It should be a very tall person to reach a kite caught up in a tree. liꞌdas v. act/pat -um-. To lose footing, slip. Limiꞌdas in siki niya dayn ha patung tiyaytayan niya. His foot slipped off the bamboo pole he was walking on. OV SYN. *lusut 1 liꞌdup (gimb. equiv. of liddup) n Death in one’s sleep (usu. caused by evil spirits). liꞌgat (gimb. equiv. of liggat) adj Having the eyes wide open. liꞌtag n. A small snare, a trap (for birds). Awn manuk-manuk nakāꞌ sin liꞌtag mu? Did you catch a bird in your snare?    v. AQ ag/goal mag-, mang-, -um-; pat -un. To snare (something) with a small snare or trap. Mangliꞌtag aku maya didtu ha uma. I’ll snare rice birds there in the field. Unu in liꞌtagun mu? What are you trying to snare? Cf. lagpak liad v. ag mag-; pat -un; ran ka-…-an. To slant (something), bend (the body); (for an object) to lean, be slanting. Liad kaw kunuꞌ. Will you bend please?

   adj. naliliad Slanting, leaning. Naliliad in hāg yaun. That post is slanting. OV SYN. takliad līan adj. Senile. Līan na in apuꞌ niya usug. Her grandfather is now senile.    n. kalīanan Senility. Bang bukun kalīanan mu maytaꞌ kaw namayguꞌ sin abu? If it isn’t because of your senility why did you bathe in ashes?    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To become senile. Bang in tau maglīan mahinang biyaꞌ bataꞌ-bataꞌ. If a person becomes senile he becomes like a little child. liap (var. of liyap) v To curve, swerve, drift from (a course). libat 1 adj. Cross-eyed. Hangkan da nagsamin mata bat libat in mata niya. That’s why she’s wearing glasses because she’s cross-eyed. v. ST pat ma-. To become cross-eyed. Malibat kaw umatud sin taud sin kakanaꞌ ha tinda yaun. You’ll become cross-eyed looking at all the cloth in that store. Cf.: bullat. 2 adj. malibat, makalibat [Used with mata, or else mata is implied.] Amazed. Bang mu kakitaan in awtu ku, malibat sa in mata mu yan. If you see my car, you’ll be amazed. v. pat -un. To amaze (someone). Libatun ku sa in mata mu yan sin pilak. I’ll amaze you with money (i.e., how much I show you). liblib n. Acute conjunctivitis and dacryocystitis, acute inflammation of the eyes. Asubuha in duktur bang unu in ubat sin sakit liblib. Ask the doctor what the medicine for acute conjunctivitis is. (See Appendix 8: Diseases)    v. ST pat -un. [Does not occur with pa₂.] To be afflicted with acute conjunctivitis. Agun kaw diꞌ mākitaꞌ bang kaw liblibun. You can hardly see if you are afflicted with acute conjunctivitis. Cf. bilas *libud v. AR ag mag-, -um-, mang-; ran -an. To coil, wind around (something). Līburan sin hās in buktun sin tau. The snake wound itself around the person’s forearm. Cf. ligut 1.1 *libun v. AR ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To hide, conceal, cover (something so that it cannot be seen); come between two objects. Libuni aku bat aku diꞌ kakitaan. Cover me so I’ll not be seen. Bang awn kasusahan mu ayaw kaw maglibun kākuꞌ. If you have some trouble don’t hide it from me. Cf. tapuk libusaw n. A (whole or halved) fried cooking banana or a fried piece of sweet potato (a juwalan) that is

fried again with melted sugar.    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To cook (fried bananas or fried sweet potato) in melted sugar. Libusawun natuꞌ in sayng ini. Let’s fry these bananas in melted sugar. Cf. juwalan (See Appendix 7: Kinds of Confections Served at Special Occasions) libut v. ag mag-, -um-; goal -un. To rove around, move round about (often rdp.), surround (something). Diꞌ kaw hapusun maglibut-libut sin tabuꞌ? Don’t you get tired roving around the market (again and again)? Libuta niyu in bāy bat diꞌ siya makapaguy. Surround the house so he can’t escape. Cf. *tikup    n. katilibut Surroundings, environment. Kītaꞌ ku na in katilibut sin bāy. I saw the surroundings of the house. libuwas (var. of aybuwas) v To fail to meet (someone or something on the way), (for people’s paths) to cross without (the people’s) meeting. līd n. The position or direction (of the sun). Līd pakain in suga? What is the position of the sun?    v. act/pat -um-. (For the sun) to descend (from the zenith to its position about 4 PM). Subay lumīd na in suga ampa kitaniyu manaw. We will let the sun descend and then we will go out. liddup (gimb. liꞌdup, var. luddup) n. Death in one’s sleep (usu. caused by evil spirits). Miyatay siya liddup. He died in his sleep.    v. ST pat -un. [Does not occur with pa₂.] To die in one’s sleep (usu. as a result of demonic attack). Pagpatihaꞌ kaw bang kaw sūng matūg bat kaw diꞌ liddupun. Mutter the first chapter of the Koran before you go to bed so you won’t die attacked by evil spirits in your sleep. lidjikiꞌ (var. ridjikiꞌ) n. A blessing (from God, usu. something material); luck, fortune. Tattap subay kita mangayuꞌ lidjikiꞌ dayn ha Tuhan. We must always ask blessings from God. Cf. sukud, kadal, anugharaꞌ, barakat patay lidjikiꞌ (idiom) adj. Unlucky in getting or acquiring something, ill-fated (lit. dead blessing). Patay lidjikiꞌ in tau ini, wala siya nakaabut sin pagkawaꞌ tau maghinang ha Brunei. This man is unlucky. He didn’t arrive on time for the hiring of workers to Brunei. *lidlid v. ag mang-, mag-, -um-; pat -un. To rub (oneself against someone so as to annoy, attract attention, etc.). In bataꞌ yan mangiꞌ kasuddahan lidlirun niya in hambuuk yaun. That child is troublesome, he is

trying to rub that other one. *ligad vi. pat ma-. To fall over, topple (not a free fall). Kaputi in bataꞌ-bataꞌ bat diꞌ maligad. Hold the child so she won’t fall over.    vt. ag mag-, mang-, -um-; pat -un; ran -an. To tip (something) over; topple (something). Ligarun ta in bangkuꞌ yaun. Let’s tip that bench over. Cf. hulug 1 *liganus adj. (Of a woman) having a well-shaped body. Malingkat magbadjuꞌ masigpit in budjang maliganus. A young lady with a well-shaped body looks beautiful in a Tausug tight-fitting dress. ligang v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To fry (something such as fish in a moderate amount of oil). Ligang kaw tahay. Fry some dried fish. OV SYN. *landang-landang, piritu, buwang1, guling, *gisa ligap n. Something to do (which keeps one from doing what he is supposed to do or has been asked to do). Diꞌ aku makaagad kaniyu bihaun mataud in ligap ku. I can’t come with you now, I have many things to do.    vt. ag mang-; pat -un. (For a person or a condition) to interfere with something one is doing or intends to do (by having him do something else). Karuꞌ sadja in mangligap kākuꞌ sakahabaꞌ-kahabaꞌ aku magjaga. Whenever I guard sleepiness always interferes with me (i.e. I go to sleep).    vi. pat ma-. To be interfered with (in doing something by having to do something else), be occupied (with something so that something else is not seen or done). Naligap aku kaina, walaꞌ ku kiyasayuhan in kalabay sin magdaragang istaꞌ. I was busy a while ago and did not notice the fish vendor pass by.    n. kaligapan, kiyaligapan Something else to do (that interferes with doing something). Marayꞌ awn kaligapan mu Sabtuꞌ sūngun ini? Maybe you have something else to do this coming Saturday? Cf. sasaw ligaw n. Senseless, nonsensical, meaningless, or foolish talk. Ayaw kaw magdungug sin ligaw niya. Don’t listen to his foolish talk.    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To talk senselessly, foolishly. Magligaw sadja in bataꞌ ini. This child is always talking senselessly. Ayaw na kaw limigaw bang kaw kiyabunnalan na sin puting mu. Don’t talk (i.e., answer back) senselessly when you are discovered telling a lie. Cf. lata 1 liggat (gimb. liꞌgat) adj. (Of the eyes) wide open. Diꞌ mākitaꞌ in tau ini malayngkan liggat in mata niya.

This man can’t see even when his eyes are wide open. Cf. bullat    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To open (the eyes) wide. Liggatun niya in mata niya bat mugaꞌ in bataꞌ. He’ll open his eyes wide to scare the child.    v. ag mang-; ran -an. To look at (something) with the eyes wide open, stare, gaze at (something). Nangliggat siya pagkitaꞌ niya sin bāy niya nasusunug. He just stared when he saw his house burning. Ayaw mu liggati in bataꞌ bat diꞌ mugaꞌ. Don’t stare at the child so he won’t get scared. Cf. atud, kitaꞌ 1, dullag, *pandang, ilag1, *laꞌtug ligid v. ag mag-; ran -an. To apply or rub (something) gently on a painful part of the body (as a local poultice or hot water bottle), roll (a rolling pin over dough). Ligiri tubig piyasuꞌ ha kassaꞌ bang masakit in tiyan mu. Apply a hot water bottle if you have abdominal cramps.    n. ligiran A mill for husking rice. *ligid v. pat -um-, ma-, magka-. (For something) to fall gently down (from one level to another, as a person off a path, an object off a table); tip over; (for tears) to fall (in drops). Naligid in kassaꞌ. The bottle tipped over. Magkaligid in luhaꞌ ku bang aku tumumtum kaymu. My tears fall when I pine for you. Cf. *ligad, liꞌdas *ligis vi. ST pat ma-. To die instantly, drop dead (used in cursing). Bang mān kaw maligis da. I hope you drop dead.    vt. pat -un. To kill (someone). Bang man kaw ligisun sin mundu. I hope outlaws kill you. OV SYN. *tubag, *pinsan, bugtang, salak; Cf. patay 1 ligpit v. AR ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To fasten, (a door, window, etc.). Līgpitan mu na in lawang? Did you fasten the door? Cf. lagsak, kansing ligtang n. The cord of a sail. Pahuguta in paghukut sin ligtang. Tighten the cord of the sail. ligu n. A flat basket (for winnowing). Tahapi in bugas ha ligu. Winnow the rice in the flat basket. OV SYN. jibulan; Cf. *tahap liguꞌ v. ag mag-, mang-; pat -un. To bathe (someone who is afflicted with an illness caused by evil spirits. Usu. done by a curer who utters some magic verse to drive away the evil spirits.); bathe (a corpse in

preparation for burial). Subay siya liguun sin mangungubat sabab kiyalabhaan. She must be bathed by a curer for she has been harmed by the evil spirits.    n. mangliliguꞌ A curer (who does this bathing), an imam who bathes (a corpse in preparation for burial). Singsing in hisarakka ku ha mangliliguꞌ bang kaulian in anak ku. A ring is what I will give the curer if my child gets well. Subay imam in mangliliguꞌ ha patay. It must be a priest who bathes the body of the dead. Cf. payguꞌ ligut 1.1 n. Rotation, whirl, revolution. v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To rotate, revolve, whirl, spin (something). Hangkan da awn dūm iban adlaw sabab magligut in dunya. The reason there is day and night is because the earth rotates. Ayaw mu aku liguta, mahilu aku. Don’t spin me around. I’ll get dizzy. Cf.: gulung. 1.2 n. A disc top (a toy). In ligut biyaꞌ da dāys saꞌ awn lituk niya ha giꞌtung amu in pagligutun. A disc top is like a dice except it has a stick in the center for twirling. v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To play with tops. Magligut kitaniyu bang adlaw haylaya. Let’s play tops on the festival day. 2 n. The way or customs (of the world (dunya)). Subay kita magad sin ligut sin dunya. We have to follow the customs of the world. *ligut v. ag mang-; pat -un. [Does not occur with pa₂.] To delay intentionally the payment (of a debt). Bang kaw mangligut diꞌ na kaw makautang magbalik. If you delay payment you won’t be able to get credit next time.    n. mangliligut One who habitually and intentionally delays the payment (of a debt). Ayaw kaw magpautang ha tau mangliligut. Don’t give credit to a person who habitually delays payment. lihal n. A (folding) stand (for the Koran, before which the student sits while reading). Butangan in Kuraan ha lihal bang kaw mangadjiꞌ. Put the Koran on the stand when you are studying from it. lihan v. ag -um-, mag-. To stay (in a place) temporarily. Lihan kaw muna dī kamuꞌ lugay naglalāg kaw bāy. Stay temporarily first with us while you are looking for a place to live.    n. lihanan A temporary residence or dwelling. Bāy namuꞌ in lihanan nila bang sila magkari pa Sambuwangan. Our house will be their temporary residence when they come to Zamboanga. OV SYN. hantiꞌ

lihaw n. The limpidness, clearness, lightness (of liquids such as brewed coffee or tea). Biyaꞌ diin in lihaw sin kuppung dī iban sin ha Parang? How would you compare the clearness of this well to that of Parang?    v. ST pat -um-, mag-. To become limpid, light. Limihaw na in tubig bang diꞌ mu lubugun. The water will become limpid if you don’t muddle it.    adj. malihaw Limpid, light, clear. Diꞌ aku magꞌinum kahawa malihaw. I don’t drink light coffee. Cf. sawa lihi n. Any success attained (by following the footsteps of others), an act of adopting another’s prepossessing manners.{A girl possessing lihi rān beauty is likely to become prettier as she grows up. This is because she is compared to a road (dān) which will become cleaner and wider as years go by due to the regular use of passers-by. Lihi bāy is the opposite. The beauty of the child who is born with lihi bāy facial characteristics tends to fade as she grows up, because a house (bāy), to which she is compared, wears out as the years go by.} *liis v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To grate (as cassava or coconut meat). Liisa in lahing ini. Grate this coconut meat.    n. liisan A grater. Piyalian in lima ku sin liisan. I cut my finger on the grater. Cf. kugut 1 likawanan n. Weakness (as for food, beautiful ladies, wealth, power). Liyawagan likawanan ha supaya siya masasat sin Ibilis. The devil tried to find his weakness so he can be tempted. likbuꞌ-likbuꞌ v. ag mag-, -um-. To stagger (as from fatigue or drunkenness). In tau maglikbuꞌ-likbuꞌ bang nahihilu. A dizzy man staggers when he walks. Cf. *sampigay *likiꞌ-likiꞌ v. ag mag-, -um-, mang-; ran -an. To mock, make fun of, ridicule (someone). Piyaglikiꞌ-likian nila in sudlayan mu. They ridiculed your hairdo. Cf. udjuꞌ likuꞌ v. ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To turn. Limikuꞌ siya pa tuu. He turned right. OV SYN. bikluꞌ likud n. Absence (the state of being away from something). Likud ku way dī in paglingug. The trouble happened in my absence.    v. ag -um-; goal -an. To leave or go away from (something). Kiyalikuran namuꞌ in Sūg nagbubunuꞌ.

When we left Jolo there was fighting.    v. pat -un. To avoid (someone), go somewhere (when the person who is normally there is absent). Madtu aku pa upis sin mayur, saꞌ likurun ku walaꞌ siya duun. I’m going to the mayor’s office, but I’ll go when he’s not there. likup n. An iron tool (used for making holes in bamboo, wood, leather, and the like); gimlet, auger.    v. AR ag mag-; ran -an. To drill a hole (with such a tool). Kiyalikupan mu na in kahuy yan? Did you drill holes in that piece of wood? Marayaw tuud in kalikup sin sawd ini. The way holes were drilled in this water container was very good. OV SYN. barina likus 1 v. ag mag-; pat -un; ran -an. To enclose (something), confine (something) by or as by binding. Līlikus sin ād simintu in bāy nila. Their house is enclosed by a cement wall. Subay likusun sin bāgun in manga patung yan. We have to bind those bamboos with vine. n. likusan A circumference; enclosure. OV SYN.: *tikup. 2 n. likusan Range or sphere of authority, jurisdiction. Masi sila ha lawm likusan sin saraꞌ agama. They’re still under the jurisdiction of religious laws. liling n. Scrutiny, close observation. Ha liling niya kapangandulan in tau yan. According to his scrutiny that fellow can be trusted.    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To scrutinize or observe (something) closely. Lilinga kunuꞌ kākuꞌ in gallang ini. Will you scrutinize this bracelet for me.    adj. maliling Keen in observing or scrutinizing. Maliling siya sin addat sin tau. He is keen in scrutinizing a person’s personality. Cf. patung2, tanding lillaꞌ v. ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To surrender, yield or give up. Subay kaw lillaꞌ na ha kabayaan nila. You have to yield to their demands. Cf. surindil, jaid    v. pat hipag-. To give something with all sincerity. Hipaglillaꞌ ku in hulas sangsaꞌ ku kaymu. I give my service to you with all sincerity. Cf. ihilas *lilung n. paglilung An auction. Kuꞌnu in paglilung sin manga pamulawan? When will be the auction of the gold jewelry?    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To sell something at auction. Maglilung in padjak sin manga siyandaꞌ

pamulawan. The pawnshop will auction off the pawned jewelry. lilus n. A watch, clock, dial, disk with gradations or figures. Kitaa ha lilus bang lisag pila na. See by the clock what time it is.    v. ag mag-, -um-. To wear a watch. Ayaw kaw maglilus bang kaw mamayguꞌ dagat. Don’t wear a watch when you bathe in the ocean. lima 1 n. Hand. Hugasi in lima mu bang kaw kumaun. Wash your hands when you eat. v. ag mag-; pat -un. To do something (usu. eat) with one’s hands. Maglima kami kumaun. We eat with our hands. (See Appendix 6: The Parts of the Body) 2 adj. Five. Lima in gulamay sin lima taniyu. We have five fingers on our hands. (See umbul for table.) limas v. AR ag mag-, -um-; pat -un; ran -an. To bail, remove water from a boat with a bail. Subay limasun in tubig ulan ha lawm bangkaꞌ yadtu. The rain water should be bailed out of that dugout canoe. Limasi in bangkaꞌ ta. Bail (the water) out of our dugout canoe.    n. lilimas A scoop for bailing (usu. a coconut shell). Ugab in lilimas sin sakayan namuꞌ. The bailer for our outrigger canoe is a coconut shell. limāya1 adj. Free, independent, unconstrained. Bukun kaw limāya dayn ha maas mu salugay way bana mu. You are not independent of your parents as long as you have no husband.    v. ag mag-, -um-. To become free, independent, unconstrained; direct (oneself). In tau katān mabayaꞌ maglimāya ha baran niya. All people want to direct their own lives.    n. kalimayahan Freedom, independence. Wayruun kalimayahan sin tau katān sin timpu Jipun. There was no freedom for any of the people during the Japanese times. Cf. mahardikaꞌ limāya2 n. A kind of spirit being, familiar spirit. limbang n. One member of a pair (as of gloves or shoes), a match (for something), (one’s) mate. Yari in limbang sin tawmpaꞌ mu. Here’s your other shoe. Mahunit magpalagguꞌ manga anak bang way limbang mu. It’s difficult to bring up children without your mate.    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. (For something) to pair with (something else), (for someone) to act as a helpful companion (esp. a spouse). Amu ini in sapatus maglimbang iban yan. This is the shoe that pairs with that. Asawa in lumimbang ha bana magbuhiꞌ ha manga anak nila. The wife acts as a

helpful companion to her husband to provide subsistence for their children. Cf. tāiban iban 2 *limbay v. ag mag-; pat hi-. To swing (the arms back and forth at one’s sides). Ayaw limbayan in lima mu, awn tau ha ulihan mu. Don’t swing your arms; there are people behind you.    adj. malimbay Characterized by swinging the arms back and forth. limbit n. (Weaker) family members of people who are feuding, (as the wife and small children, who are not an asset). Nagpaguyan in manga limbit sin magkuntara pa dāira sin Tiyanggi. The family members of the feuding parties (from the interior) evacuated to Jolo town. limpa-limpa v. act/pat mag-. To be or become irritable and restless (as of a sick person), be or become delirious. Naglimpa-limpa hadja in bataꞌ-bataꞌ dayn sin mahinaat. The child has been delirious since this morning. Cf. *dabdab limpaꞌ n. Track (of a wheel, etc.), (foot)print; scar (on the skin after a wound, burn, etc.). Urula in limpaꞌ sin siki niya. Follow the prints of his feet.    v. act/pat -um-, mag-, mang-. To leave a track or a scar. Limimpaꞌ sa yan in paliꞌ mu bang umuliꞌ. Your wound will leave a scar when it heals. limpaꞌ siki (comp.) v. Example, footsteps (i.e. vocation). Urula in limpaꞌ siki sin inaꞌ mu. Follow the footsteps of your mother. limpasag v. ag mag-, -um-. To struggle forcefully to move, break loose (by moving violently); wriggle, writhe (as of a person in pain). Naglimpasag in tau kiyugdan sin timbak. The person (who) got hit is writhing. Bang mahugut in paghukut sin sapiꞌ diꞌ makalimpasag. If the cow is tied tightly it cannot break loose. Kaputi in manuk bat diꞌ makalimpasag. Hold the rooster so it won’t break loose. OV SYN. hibal, paspad, *iggual limpung adj. Having a missing or extracted tooth. Ayaw na kaw kumatawa bang kaw limpung. Don’t laugh if you have a tooth missing.    v. ST pat ma-. [Does not occur with pa₂.] To have a missing tooth, lose a tooth. Malugay in tau malimpung bang magmamaꞌ. If a person chews betel nut it will be a long time before he loses any teeth.

limuꞌ n. Sweetness (as of sugar, honey, or syrup). Diꞌ mainum in limuꞌ sin kahawa ini. The sweetness of this coffee can’t be drunk (i.e., it’s too sweet to drink).    vi. ST pat -um-, mag-. To become sweet. Ayaw mu na ganapi sukal in addun bat diꞌ lumimuꞌ. Don’t add sugar to the dough or it will become sweet. Palimua in tubig butung. Sweeten the coconut juice.    adj. malimuꞌ/maymuꞌ Sweet. Lawng sin duktur diꞌ aku makakaun sin unu-unu malimuꞌ. The doctor said that I cannot eat anything that is sweet. ANT. pait *limuꞌ-limuꞌ v. ag mag-, mang-. To eat a snack. Īmbayt niya kami maglimuꞌ-limuꞌ. He invited us to eat a snack.    n. paglimuꞌ-limuꞌ Snack, refreshment. Subay awn paglimuꞌ-limuꞌ pagꞌubus natuꞌ maghinang. We should have a snack after we finish working. Cf. imun-imun limug 1 v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. (With tayꞌ or ihiꞌ) To defecate or urinate involuntarily (because of sudden fear or pain). Nakalimug siya ihiꞌ sin bugaꞌ niya. She wet unconciously because of fear. Naglimug tāyꞌ hi Indaꞌ sabab sin sakit tiyan. Indaꞌ defecated involuntarily because of stomachache. 2 v. CH 1 pat -un. To dirty (something). Līmug nila in badjuꞌ ku sin pisak. They dirtied my shirt with mud. limugmug adj. (Of speech) confusing, incoherent, not easily understood, not clear. In bichara niya limugmug. His talk is not easily understood. In kabtangan niya limugmug in hurup. The pronunciation of his words is not clear. Cf. lamugay 2 *limun 1 vi. ST pat ma-. To be entirely covered, out of sight, submerged. Nalimun in baran niya sin buhangin. His body was submerged in sand. Subay na malimun in suga ampa kitaniyu manaw. After the sun is out of sight (i.e., sets) we will go for a walk. vt. pat -un. To completely cover (something with something else, as with water or sand). Subay limunun sin tubig in manga panagatun ini. These shellfish should be covered completely with water. Cf.: *lunud, luddang 1, lugum, hagum. 2 v. ST pat ma-. To be very deeply (in debt). Hipagdagang niya na in bāy niya sabab nalimun na siya sin utang. His house is up for sale because he is very deeply in debt. limus (Tag.) v. AR ag mag-, mang-; ran -an. To beg for (something, esp. money). Masipug aku manglimus.

I’m ashamed to beg.    n. manglilimus A beggar. Dihili bugas in manglilimus yan. Give rice to that beggar. Cf. santiliꞌ limut n. Gossip, anything spoken maliciously of someone in his absence. Unu in limut diyungug mu? What gossip did you hear?    v. ag mag-, mang-; pat -un. To gossip, talk maliciously of an absent person. Bukun marayaw in maglimut. It is not good to gossip. Limutun niya sadja in bagay niya. He always talks maliciously about his friend. Cf. bichara-bichara, pitna, tumbiꞌ linaw n. Calmness (of the sea, weather), motionlessness (of the sea). Marayaw in pagtulak-tulak bang bihaini in linaw sin hulaꞌ. The departures will be good if the calmness of the weather is like this.    v. ST pat -um-. To become calm, motionless. Tagaran ta luminaw in hulaꞌ ampa kita tumulak. Let’s wait till the weather calms and then we’ll set out.    adj. malinaw Calm, still, tranquil. Malinaw in dagat adlaw yan. The sea is calm today. linayat n. Dewlap, (the fold of skin that hangs from the throat of cattle). Marakmul dakuman in linayat sin sapiꞌ mandangan. The dewlap of the bull is very thick. lindang n. A love charm (used to win someone’s love by uttering a magical formula during the waxing of the moon). Lindang in nakapalunuk sin atay niya mayaꞌ ha usug yaun. It was a love charm that softened her heart and made her love that man.    v. CH 1 ag mang-, mag-, -um-; pat -un. To use such a charm (on someone). Līndang siya sin usug mabayaꞌ kaniya. She was charmed by the man who wants her. Maingat aku manglindang babai ha supaya mayaꞌ kākuꞌ. I know how to charm a girl so that she will love me. Cf. hinang 2 lindi adj. Envious, desirous to be the same (as someone). Ayaw kaw malindi ha pagkahi mu sawkat dayahan. Don’t be envious of your fellows just because they are rich.    v. ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To be envious and thus imitate (what someone does), imitate the current style or fashion (esp. in dress, shoes, etc.). Naglindi magpahawpuꞌ buhuk in manga babai bihaun. Women today are imitating the current style of wearing their hair short. OV SYN. singud lindu-randam n. Romantic love and longing for someone. In lindu-randam ku kan dayang hisulat ku ha kalangan. I’ll write in a song about my love and longing for my sweetheart. Cf. kasi, luuy2 , lasa

lindum 1 n. Darkness, deficiency of light. Marayꞌ sa yan mulan bang bihān in lindum sin hulaꞌ. Perhaps it will rain if this is how dark it is. adj. malindum Dark, having very little light. Malindum ha lawm sīni. It’s dark inside a movie house. v. ST pat -um-. To become dark. Lumindum in lawm bilik bang mu tambulun in manga tandawan. The room will become dark if you close the windows. Cf.: tigidlum. 2 v. act/pat mang-, magpang-. (With pangitaꞌ), to become angry. Bang ku siya yan pagkakitaan magpanglindum in pangitaꞌ ku. Whenever I see that fellow I become angry (lit. my sight becomes dark). OV SYN. andum 2 *lindung v. pat ma-. (For royalty, esp. a king) to die, expire, pass away. Nalindung na in sultan sin Lupaꞌ Sūg. The sultan of Sulu has passed away. SYN. *maruhum; Cf. patay 1, *wapat *linsa adj. malinsa Wiggly, squirmy; uneasy, restless (in the place one is lying or sitting due to discomfort, worry, etc.). Ayaw kaw malinsa, mahilu aku. Don’t be wiggly, it annoys me.    v. act/pat mag-. To squirm, be uneasy. Hangkan siya maglinsa bihān sabab mangiꞌ in parasahan niya. The reason she is uneasy is that she’s not feeling well. Cf. limpa-limpa, hibal, lingas lintaꞌ n. A leech, a blood-sucking worm. Magpanupsup duguꞌ in lintaꞌ. Leeches suck blood. lintang n. A bamboo buoy (used to mark the anchorage of a fish trap). Buntangi lintang bat diꞌ malawaꞌ in panggal. Put a bamboo buoy so that the fish trap will not be lost.    v. AR ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To put a bamboo buoy (on a fish trap). Lintangan namuꞌ in katān būbu. We’ll put a bamboo buoy on all the fish traps. lintikan adj. Covered with tiny patches or spots of two colors (esp. black and white, often of chickens). Lintikan in inaꞌ manuk yan. That mother hen is covered with tiny patches of black and white. Cf. manas, saluꞌ, buttikan lintub adj. (Of one’s face) fat, rounded out. Malintub in pamayhuan hi Amina. Amina is fat in the face. Cf. tambuk lintuhud v. AR ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To kneel. In bataꞌ maingat maglintuhud. The child knows how to

kneel. Limintuhud aku ha lantay. I knelt on the floor. SYN. luhud lintutu n. A circumscribed elevation of the skin containing serous fluid, vesicle, blister. Ayaw turika in lintutu ha lima mu. Don’t prick the blister on your hand.    v. act/pat mag-, mang-. To form a vesicle or blister. Maglintutu in pais bang bakas nalūs. Your skin will blister if you have a burn. Cf. bintul, hubag *lintuwang v. act/pat mag-, -um-, mang-. exp ka-…-an. To writhe or wriggle (due to extreme irritation or pain). Naglintuwang na in hās pagsūd sin basiꞌ nalalaga pa simud niya. The snake wriggled in pain as the burning rod went into its mouth. linug1 n. An earthquake. Makusug in linug kabii. The earthquake last night was strong.    v. act/pat mag-; ran pag-…-an. For an earthquake to occur. Unu in hinangun ta bang maglinug? What’ll we do when an earthquake occurs? Mawmu paglinugan in hulaꞌ Bisayas. Earthquakes frequently occur in the Visayan islands. linug2 (gimb. liꞌnug) v. AR ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To rinse, wash something lightly (without soap or other cleanser, as plates, etc., before washing them with soap). Linugan ku in lāy. I will rinse the dishes. Cf. hugas 1, bunglaw lingag adj. Foolish or weak-minded (esp. because of old age), absentminded, senile. Lingag na hi Bapaꞌ Sahipa. Uncle Sahipa is senile now. OV SYN. līan; Cf. bingaw lingas n. Uneasiness, displeasure, discomfort, restlessness. Bang bihān da in lingas mu dī marayaw pa kaw muwiꞌ na. If your uneasiness here is like that, it will be better for you to go home.    adj. malingas Uneasy, uncomfortable, ill at ease, restless, disturbed. Malingas aku dimī isa-isa ku. I am uneasy about staying here alone.    v. ST pat -um-, -un. To feel or become uneasy, uncomfortable, ill at ease, restless, or disturbed. Diꞌ ka kaw lumingas magpantalun sin masigpit yan? Won’t you become uneasy wearing those tight pants? Cf. hingas1 , malinsa *linsa lingat-lingat v. ag mag-, mang-, -um-. To look quickly here and there (as of someone astounded or on guard); be inattentive (by looking here and there). Nanglingat-lingat in babai pagsūd niya pa bāy.

When the girl entered the house, she took a quick look here and there (in surprise). Manglingatlingat kita bang awn kabugaan ta. We look quickly here and there if there’s something we’re afraid of. Bang kaw manglingat-lingat sadja, diꞌ magjatu in hinang mu. If you are inattentive, you won’t finish your work. Cf. atud, kitaꞌ 1 lingaut v. act/pat -um-; pat -un. To feel very hot and muggy, feel oppressively, uncomfortably hot. Pangabkab kaw bang kaw līngaut. Fan yourself when you feel very hot and muggy.    adj. malingaut Hot and muggy, oppressively or uncomfortably hot. Malingaut isab dī ha lawm bāy ini. It is really uncomfortably hot in this house. Cf. pasuꞌ 1 *linggang vt. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To rock or sway (something), roll (something) back and forth. Ayaw mu lingganga in bangkaꞌ bat diꞌ maraub. Don’t rock the dugout canoe or it will tip over.    vi. pat ma-. To be or become tipsy. Nalinggang na in panawan sin tau yaun, marayꞌ hilu. That fellow’s walking has become tipsy, probably he’s drunk.    adj. malinggang Characterized by rolling, rocking, swaying back and forth. Malinggang in kappal bang maalun. The ship rolls back and forth when there are big waves. Cf. liyal 1, lunggang linggas adj. (Of coconuts) overripe. Bī kaw lahing linggas pa tabuꞌ. Buy overripe coconuts at the market. Cf. hinug 1, laꞌsaw *linggayuꞌ n. paglinggayuꞌ The act of moving the head tipsily (as in drowsiness or drunkenness). Aku in mahilu sin paglinggayuꞌ sin tau yaun. I’m the one who gets dizzy because of that fellow’s moving his head so tipsily.    v. act/pat mag-, -um-; pat -un. To move one’s head in such a manner. Diꞌ sa yan maglinggayuꞌ bang way kiyaruꞌ. He wouldn’t move his head so tipsily if he weren’t sleepy. linggiꞌ n. A kind of fishing net (usu. made of nylon with a heavy object on one side like zinc and a lighter object on the other side so that one side will sink and one will not). Marayaw in awn linggiꞌ supaya siguru in istaꞌ. It is good to have a fishing net in order to be sure of catching fish.    v. AQ ag/goal mang-, -um-; pat -un. To fish with this kind of net. Linggiun ta in baanan istaꞌ ha lawd sin jambatan. Let’s net the school of fish out from the pier. Cf. laya, pukut lingiꞌ v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To turn the head, look over the shoulder. Lingiꞌ kaw pa lawa mu. You

turn your head to the left. Cf. atud *lingkal (var. *lingkar) (see kalingkal) lingkat n. Beauty. Way na makaliyu sin lingkat sin dayang-dayang. The beauty of the princess is incomparable.    adj. malingkat Beautiful, lovely, handsome, pretty, fair, good-looking, fine, elegant, nice. Malingkat in badjuꞌ mu. What a lovely dress you have. Malingkat in sīni. The movie is nice.    v. ST pat mag-, -um-. To become beautiful, lovely, handsome, pretty, fair, good-looking, fine, elegant, nice. Palingkatun ta na in pagꞌari-ari sin bāy. We’ll make the decorations of the house beautiful. Cf. jantik, manis, arti lingkud v. ag mag-, -um-. To sit, sit down. Lingkud kaw ha sīya. Sit on the chair. Hain kaw lumingkud? Where will you sit? Lumingkud na sadja aku dūm ini sampay pa mahinaat. I’ll just sit tonight till morning. Cf. pilang1    n. lingkuran A seat. Tawꞌi aku lingkuran ha sīni. Save me a seat at the movie. Cf. pūkut lingkul n. The outer part of something circular (such as the moon), circular shape. In lingkul sin bulan itungun na tubus. The circular shape of the moon is almost perfect.    v. AR ag mag-; ran -an. To form a circle, surround. Lingkuli in pagbalibulan sin hukut. Surround the volleyball court with a rope. Lingkulan niya in bāy niya sin sayng. He will surround his house with banana plants. Cf. libut lingkung vt. ag mag-, -um-, mang-; pat -un; ran ka-…-an. To coil (something). Maglingkung in hās ha taas kahuy. The snake coils up in the tree. Lingkungun ku in buhuk mu. Let me coil your hair. Ayaw kaw sumuuk pa hās kalinkungan kaw. Don’t go near the snake, you will be coiled around.    n. lingkungan A spiral or coil (into which a rope, chain or other flexible body is wound). In lingkungan sin hās yadtu biyaꞌ manga lagguꞌ unu. The coiling of that snake is very big. Cf. kallit lingug n. Confusion, disturbance, trouble. Subay na way lingug ha Sūg ampa kita muwiꞌ. There should be no more trouble in Jolo and then we’ll go back.    vt. ag mag-, mang-, -um-; pat -un. To disturb, trouble (someone, someone’s mind, etc.). Ayaw mu aku linguga sin parkalaꞌ mu. Don’t disturb me with your court case.

   adj. makalingug Causing a disturbance, causing trouble. Makalingug sadja dī in babai yan. The presence of that woman here is only causing trouble.    adj. malingug Troublesome, controversial, unpacific. Malingug in pagbahagiꞌ sin lupaꞌ. The apportionment of the lot (among the heirs) is controversial. OV SYN. hiluhalaꞌ; Cf. hiyul, sasaw lipa n. A variety of small boat. Nalunud in lipa nila sabab mataud in luwan. Their small boat sank because it had too much cargo. Cf. sakayan, bangkaꞌ1 , kumpit2, sappit lipaga n. Attention, concentration. Way na lipaga ku ha kaibanan hinang ku. I have no more concentration in my other work.    v. act maka-. To concentrate (on something), pay attention (to something), have time (to do something). Diꞌ aku makalipaga sin unu-unu hinang dayn ha pagꞌiskul ku sadja. I can’t pay attention to any other work aside from my schooling. Makalipaga pa isab aku himinang sin unu-unu hihinangun ha bāy. I still have time to do all the work in the house. Cf. *ayuput lipat1 adj. Twice as much, double (as of profit in business). Lipat in untung niya ha bugas. He made a double profit from the rice.    vt. ag mag-; pat -un. To multiply (as numbers). Lipata in pitu makaunum. Multiply seven by six.    vi. pat ma-. To be doubled, (followed by a number affixed with mag-) multiplied. Malipat in untung mu bang kulang na in bugas. Your profit will be doubled if the supply of rice is less. Ha lawm sin hangka-bulan aku nagbisnis nalipat magꞌupat in kapital ku. In one month of doing business my capital was multiplied by four. Cf. dubli lipat2 v. pat ma-. To lose sight of, forget, overlook (something). Ayaw kaw malipat sin sambahayang mu. Don’t forget your daily prayers. Ayaw kaw malipat kan Anang. Don’t lose sight of Anang. (She might go to the shore.) Subay kaw diꞌ malipat magꞌinum sin ubat mu. You must not forget to take your medicine. Cf. lupa1 lipat3 v. ag mag-, -um-. To take a light sleep, nap, doze. Lipat na kaw bābā natutūg in bataꞌ-bataꞌ. Take a nap while the child is asleep. Cf. tūg, balaruꞌ *lirung v. ag mag-; ran -an. To blink (and then quickly remove the gaze from someone) in anger or contempt (usu. of women). Līrungan niya in kalua niya. She contemptously blinked at her co-wife.

SYN. *kirug lisaꞌ n. A nit, the egg of the human louse. Magkatingug in lisaꞌ bang ubbukun. Nits make a noise when you squash them. Cf. kuyumad, kutu lisag 1 v. ag mag-, -um-, mang-; pat -un. To beat, strike (something). Lisaga na in agung. Strike the gong. Lisaga siya sin kahuy yaun. Beat him with that stick. Cf. *pukpuk, kakal 2 n. Time. Lisag pila na? What time is it? (lit. how many strokes [of a gong]). Cf. waktu lissin (var. litsin) n. Extreme cleanliness. Kītaꞌ mu in lissin sin lawm bāy nila? Did you see the cleanliness of their house?    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To clean (something) very well. Subay kaw maglissin sin baran mu. You should clean your body very well.    adj. malissin Extremely clean. Malissin in pagkakaunan nila. Their dining room is extremely clean. Cf. *lanuꞌ lista (Tag.) v. ag mag-, -um-, mang-; pat -un, hi-; ran pag-…-an. To list (something), record (financial transactions as in sales). Maglista aku sin bayaan mahinaat ini. I’ll record the sales this morning. Listahun ku kaymu in utang mu kākuꞌ. I’ll list the amount of money you owe me. Piyaglistahan ku sin manga ngān sin tau nakautang kākuꞌ in nutbūk baꞌgu. I recorded the names of my debtors in the new notebook. listun n. Long sticks of lumber of small dimension, thin lengths of wood. Magkagunahan aku listun hipaghinang ku sīya. I need some thin lengths of wood for making a chair. Cf. pasagiꞌ lisuꞌ 1 n. Laziness, indolence. Ayaw dūli in lisuꞌ niya. Don’t condone her laziness. v. ag mag-, -um-. [Sometimes rdp.] To be or become disinclined (to work), be or become bored. Maīg kaw dayn ha hinang mu bang kaw maglisuꞌ-lisuꞌ. You’ll get fired from your job if you are disinclined to work. Lumisuꞌ in tau maghinang bang mapasuꞌ in suga. A person becomes disinclined to work when it’s hot. Makalisuꞌ ha bāy sadja bang way da hinangun. It’s boring just to stay at home doing nothing. adj. lisuan/malisuꞌ Lazy, indolent. In tau lisuan way kasūngan. He who is lazy has no future ahead of him.

2 n. Annoyance, disgust. v. ag mag-, -um-. To be or become annoyed or disgusted (with something). Makalisuꞌ magdungug ha tau naglalata sadja. It’s annoying to listen to someone who is always nagging. adj. malisuꞌ Annoyed, disgusted. Malisuꞌ aku ha tau yan. I am annoyed by that person. litlit v. ag -um-, mang-. To force one’s way by pushing or pressing. Ayaw na kaw lumitlit way da katuputan mu dī. Don’t try to squeeze in, you can’t be accomodated here. Cf. siꞌlut *litu n. paglitu The act of being a middleman (in trade or business selling commodities which one did not produce oneself). Mataud in untung niya ha paglitu. There is plenty of profit in being the middleman.    v. ag mag-, -um-, mang-; ran -an. To act as middleman in trade or business, sell goods one did not produce oneself. Maglitu kita duyan. Let’s buy durian and sell it again. Lituhan ku in mampallam ini. I’ll sell these mangoes that I bought.    n. palilitu An intermediate dealer between the producer of goods and the retailer or consumer, middleman. Ayaw kaw magbī istaꞌ ha palilitu. Don’t buy fish from the middleman. Cf. taratu lituk n. A small slender stick or switch. Ha hambuuk inaꞌ bagid kayꞌman in taud sin lituk niya. In a matchbox there are fifty matchsticks. In lituk langkay paghinangun sasapu. The slender sticks that form the backbone of palm leaves are used to make brooms. Lituk sasapu in piyanglubak niya ha anak niya. He used the little switches of a broom to spank his child. liug n. Neck; neckline, collar. Mahabaꞌ in liug sin tau yaun. That fellow has a long neck.    v. AR ag mag-; ran -an. To put a collar on (something). Liugi in badjuꞌ ku. Put a collar on my dress.    adj. liliugan Having a collar. Liliugan in badjuꞌ niya. Her dress has a collar. liyabi n. A wrench. GENR. panyap liyal 1 n. The balancer of a kite. 2 n. Rocking (back and forth) sideways (i.e., left to right). In liyal sin taguriꞌ sarang. The sideways rocking of the kite is enough. v. pat mag-, -um-. To rock (something back and forth) sideways. Ayaw kaw magliyal sin bangkuꞌ. Don’t rock the chair. adj. maliyal Characterized by rocking sideways. Maliyal in tau yaun manaw. That person rocks

sideways while walking. OV SYN.: paglinggayuꞌ *linggayuꞌ; Cf.: *linggang, *labad. liyang n. The recess or niche in the side of a (Muslim) grave (where the dead body is laid). Hisūd muna in patay pa liyang ampa tampanan sin pasagiꞌ. The dead body is placed inside the niche of the grave and then closed off with boards.    n. paliyangan A place of burial, grave. OV SYN. kubul; Cf. kandang, tampat, kubba liyang lahad n. A grave of a datu or a salip. liyap (var. liap) v. act -um-, mag-. To curve, swerve, drift from a course. Limiyap in ariplanu. The airplane drifted from its course. OV SYN. bikluꞌ liyu 1 n. The other side, a place behind (something). Kiyabākan nila siya ha liyu bāy. They found him behind the house. v. ag -um-, mag-, mang-; goal -un; ran ka-…-an. To go beyond a boundary or limit, overtake, surpass, outshine (something); go or move to the other side of (something). Kaliyuhan taniyu in jīp yaun bang mu pakusugun in pagparāgan sin jīp natuꞌ. We can overtake that jeep if you make our jeep go faster. Kiyaliyuhan niya in ingat ku ha iskul. He surpassed my knowledge at school. Limiyu aku madtu pa hansipak dayn ha ād yaun. I’ll go to the other side of that fence. Cf.: labi. v. act/pat magsa-. To become interchanged, mixed up. Nagsaliyu in kapatus nila sabab hangkadagbus. Their shoes became interchanged because they looked alike. 2 v. ag mag-. To go (to another place) and stay (for some time, esp. of a husband who has more than one wife). Māhang siya magliyu pa asawa niya puun. He seldom goes and stays with his first wife. 3 v. rdp. RC ag mag-. (For people) to loan or give financial help (to one another), (do something) reciprocally, (with pikilan) exchange (ideas). Diꞌ sila kasigpitan sabab magliyu-liyu sila. They don’t run into difficulty because they help one another. Magliyu-liyu kitaniyu pikilan bat kabaakan in kahatulan sin hulaꞌ. We’ll exchange ideas so that we’ll find peace and order in our land. *liyu-lapal n. pagliyu-lapal An exchange of words, opinions, remarks or retorts on equal terms, give-andtake, discussion. Subay paawnun in pagliyu-lapal bat kamu maghati-hiyatihi. There should be a discussion so you’ll understand each other.    v. ag mag-, mang-. To have an exchange of words, opinions, remarks or retorts. Mabayaꞌ in mayul ha

Tiyanggi magliyu-lapal iban in kamayul-mayulan ha katān kawman sin Lupaꞌ Sūg. The mayor of Jolo town wants to have a discussion with all the mayors of the municipalities of Sulu province. liyukunan (var. of lūkunan) n The underpart of the knee, back of the knee. liyuuran n. Descent, lineage, ancestry, family; clan. Wayruun maghihilu dayn ha liyuuran namuꞌ. No one is an alcoholic in our family. Hangka-liyuuran kami. We come from the same lineage. Cf. magtalianak talianak, magtawtayanak tawtayanak luꞌdang (gimb. equiv. of luddang) v To sink; suffer bad consequences or blame. *luꞌduk (var. ludduk) v. ran -an. To become nauseated. Liyuꞌdukan siya pagkitaꞌ niya sin litsun. He became nauseated when he saw lechon. Makaluꞌduk in ubat ini. This medicine causes nausea. Cf. suka luad v. CH 1 ag mag-, -um-, mang-; pat -un. To pry (something). Luara in batu yaun sin kahuy. Pry the rock with the wood. Liyuad niya in lantay. He pried the floor. Luarun ku in dingding bat aku makakitaꞌ. I’ll pry the walls so I can see. SYN. *luit 1 luag n. Wideness, dimensions, extensiveness. Kabayaan ku ingatun in luag sin bilik ini. I want to know the dimensions of this room.    vi. ST pat -um-. To become wide, spacious, extensive. Tupaki in gisiꞌ sin badjuꞌ mu bat diꞌ lumuag. Patch the tear in your dress so it won’t get wider.    vt. ag mag-; ran -an. To widen (something). Luagan ku in bilik ini. I’ll widen this room. Makiput in kusina ini. Subay paluagun. This kitchen is narrow. We must widen it.    adj. maluag Wide, vast, spacious, extensive. Maluag in lupaꞌ nila. Their land is extensive. Cf. lakbang, ablang *luat n. luluatan A joint (of the body). Simakit in luluatan ku yan ha pagpanawan. My joints ache from the trip. lubaꞌ adv. (With pa₁) all the more if, how much more if (concerns an unfulfilled condition). Lubaꞌ pa kaw bang malingkat ampa kaw diꞌ mangudjuꞌ. All the more if you were beautiful you could mock (i.e., if you were beautiful you would have a right to mock). Malasa tuud siya ha anak niya īpat sadja, lubaꞌ

pa hatiku bang anak niya tuud. She really loves her child who is only adopted, how much more I think if it were her own child. Cf. labi lubag n. Dirty scarfskin which rolls off when rubbed, dirt. Payguꞌ kaw bat maīg in lubag mu. You bathe so the dirt will come off.    vi. ST pat -un. To become grimy. Hangkarayꞌ in tau lubagun bang mabagunbun in bāy. A person quickly becomes grimy when the house is dusty.    adj. malubag (Of a person’s skin) dirty, grimy. In bataꞌ yaun malubag. That boy is grimy. Cf. kalung, lummiꞌ 1 *lubak v. AR ag mag-, -um-, mang-; ran -an, -un. [No difference in meaning between -un and -an.] To beat, whip, spank (someone). Ayaw lubaki in bataꞌ. Don’t spank the child. Cf. binasa lubang n. A depression, pit, hole or deep furrow in the ground, ditch, trench. Nahulug siya pa lubang. He fell into a pit.    v. AR ag mag-, mang-; ran -an. To make a depression, pit, hole in the ground, ditch, trench. Maglubang sila ha higad sin dān. They’ll make a ditch along the road. Cf. lubbak lubas n. The residue (of fresh grated coconut meat after the oil has been pressed out). Pakaunan in lubas sin lahing ha manga itik. Feed the coconut residue to the ducks. SYN. sapal lubaw adj. Discolored, faded (as of clothes or fabric). Lubaw na in badjuꞌ niya. Her dress is faded.    vi. pat ma-. To become discolored or faded. Hangkarayꞌ malubaw in badjuꞌ bang mu hibuwad ha suga. Your dress will readily become faded if you dry it in the sun. Cf. daan, baluba 1, alit lubbak n. A wide depression or hole in the ground, a hollow on the head (as caused by a blow), a depressed scar on the skin. Hitapuk ta in kambing didtu ha lubbak. We’ll hide the goat there in the hole in the ground.    v. act/pat -um-, mag-. (For the ground) to sink (i.e., develop holes). Lumubbak in lupaꞌ bang daran umulan. The ground will sink if it rains often. Cf. kibak, lubang, lubbung lubbung n. A curved depression (in a surface such as a tin can or plate).    adj. Concavely curved, (of the eyes) deeply set. Lubbung in mata niya. Her eyes are deeply set.

   vi. ST pat -um-. To become depressed, hollow or sunken (as of the eyes, face, or the head if it receives a blow). Lumubbung in bayhuꞌ mu bang kaw kumayug. Your face will become hollow if you become thin.    vt. CH 1 ag mag-; pat -un. To curve (something), make (something) concave. Lubbungun ku in mital ini hinangun ku lāy. I will make a hollow in this large tin can and make it into a plate. ANT. budjul; Cf. lubbak, kubbung *lubi v. ag mag-, -mang-, -um-; pat -un. To rub grated coconut (into the hair as a shampoo). Lubiha in buhuk mu. Rub your hair with grated coconut. lubid (pūꞌ subid) n. A rope made of intertwisted strands of fiber (often hemp). Dāha mari in lubid hipaggantung ta sin kambing. Bring here the rope for stringing up the goat.    v. ag mag-, -um-, mang-; pat -un. To braid (something). Lubirun natuꞌ in manga bāgun ini. Let’s braid these vines together. Cf. lupis lublub v. ag mag-, -um-, mang-; pat hi-; ran -an. (For animals or people) to wallow in the mud, (for vehicles, etc.) to get stuck in the mud. Masūb lumublub ha sapaꞌ in kābaw. Carabaos love to wallow in the mud of the river. Limublub in jīp ha pisak. The jeep got stuck in the mud. lubu adj. Dilapidated, old, run-down. Lubu na in bāy nila. Their house is dilapidated.    vt. CH 1 ag mag-, -um-, mang-; pat -un. To destroy, demolish, raze (something). Lubuhun natuꞌ in taytayan ini bat diꞌ makalabay in manga tarak. We’ll destroy this bridge so the buses can’t cross over.    vi. pat ma-. To fall or break down completely, collapse, become destroyed or ruined. Ayaw kamu magtipun ha pantan gana-gana malubu. Don’t gather together on the porch as it may collapse. OV SYN. lungsad; Cf. ngiꞌ 1 lubug adj. (Of a liquid) turbid, muddled. Lubug in tubig bang ulan. The water is turbid when it is raining.    vt. ag mag-, -um-, mang-; pat -un. To make (something) turbid, muddy. Liyubug niya in tubig. He muddied the water.    vi. pat ma-. To become turbid or muddied. Ayaw lamugaya in kahawa bat diꞌ malubug. Don’t stir up the coffee so it won’t become turbid. *lubung v. CV 1 ag mag-, -um-; pat hi-. To bury (something). Lubungan in altaꞌ yan pa lupaꞌ bat way

makakawaꞌ. Bury the treasure in the ground so no one will get it. Cf. kubul lūd v. TV ag mag-, -um-; goal -un. To come down from higher ground, travel downhill. Lūd kaw pa higad bī istaꞌ. You go down to the coast and buy fish. ANT. tukad    n. lūrun Slope, embankment, downhill area, falling ground. Nahulug in tarak ha lūrun. The truck fell at the embankment. luddang (gimb. luꞌdang) 1 v. act/pat mag-, -um-; pat hi-. To sink, submerge, go to the bottom (as in water). Diꞌ hiluddang in kahuy ha tubig. Wood doesn’t sink in water. Cf. *lunud, *limun 1 2 v. ran ka-…-an. To bear or suffer the (bad) consequences or the blame. Siya in kiyaluddangan sin ngiꞌ ubus niya nagpasulut ha nagkālu. She bears the brunt of the blame after trying to make peace between the quarreling parties. Diꞌ na aku lumamud bang aku in kaluddangan sin ngiꞌ. I don’t want to get involved if I suffer the bad consequences. Cf. tūng 2 ludduk (var. of *luꞌduk) v To become nauseated. luddup (var. of liddup) n Death in one’s sleep (usu. caused by evil spirits). ludjat (var. ludjut1) (gimb. equiv. of pudjat) adj Soft (as of overripe or spoiled fruit). ludlud v. act/pat -um-. To slide or roll (from an elevated place) downward. Ludlud sadja kaw dayn ha bakūd yaun. Just slide down that slope. Nagpaludlud na sadja in tarak pagpatay sin makina. The truck just rolled down slowly when the engine broke down. OV SYN. lagudlud 1, lurus luga v. ag mag, -um-; ran -an. To learn a lesson from a previous mistake, stop doing (something) or be apprehensive about doing (something) again (after a bad or painful experience). Limuga na aku magpautang kaniya sabab way niya biyayaran in utang niya nakauna. I’m apprehensive about loaning him money because he did not pay his last debt. Luga kaw magdā bissara bukun bunnal bat na isab diꞌ maīg in hambuuk ipun mu. Stop spreading false rumors otherwise one of your teeth will come out again. Diꞌ magluga in tau ini. Nakamataud na siya najīl saꞌ sigi-sigi da manakaw. This man won’t learn a lesson. He’s been jailed many times but he keeps on stealing. Liyugahan na aku magꞌinum alak. I’ve learned a lesson about drinking liquor (i.e., I won’t drink it again). Liyugahan siya maghinang ha Milikan yaun sabab landuꞌ tuud ikutan. He has stopped working for that American

because he’s very stingy.    v. ran ka-…-an. (For someone) to refuse (to do something for someone [ka-…-an] because of a past unpleasant experience). Ulian in unu-unu biyūsan mu bat kaw diꞌ kalugahan sin tau. Return whatever you borrowed so people won’t refuse to loan you things.    v. pat pa-…-un. To punish (someone) so that he/she will learn (not to do something). Palugaha in bataꞌ yan bat diꞌ magꞌisab-isab magputing. Punish that kid so he’ll learn never to lie again. OV SYN. *sanggup 1 lugal 1 n. Place, space, site. Asibiꞌ in lugal pagtutūgan ku. I have a small sleeping place. Hain in lugal sin piyagbunuan? Where is the site of the battle? v. AR ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To stay in a place, space. Ayaw kamu maglugal dī. Don’t stay here. Bang kita mīg dayn ha lugal ta ini, na, lugalan sa ini sin tau dugaing. If we leave our place here, it will be stayed in by other people. Cf.: hulaꞌ 1.1. v. pat pa-…-un. To place (something) in a proper place or way. Palugalun ta in tarak. We’ll park the truck in the proper place. 2 n. A chance, opportunity. Dihili aku lugal makabayad sin utang kaymu. Give me a chance to pay you my debt. *lugat v. ag mag-, mang-, -um-; ran -an. To argue, discuss, contend, debate (with someone). Diꞌ aku mabayaꞌ maglugat pasal agama iban ikaw. I don’t want to argue with you about religion.    n. paglugat The act of arguing, discussing, contending, debating (with someone). Nagpasuꞌ in paglugat. The debating became heated.    adj. manglulugat Prone to argue, discuss, contend, debate. OV SYN. *sual; Cf. daawa lugay n. A duration or length of time. Biyaꞌ diin in lugay niya ha Manilaꞌ? How long will he stay in Manila?    v. act/ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To take a long time (doing something); be able to resist or endure (as pain, stress, or strain) for an extended time. Lugayan ini bang hinangun ku isa-isa ku. It will take a long time if I work on this alone.    adj. malugay (Of a period of time) long. Malugay kita dumatung pa Manilaꞌ bang magkappal. It will take us a long time to reach Manila by boat. Malugay magkangiꞌ in kapatus ini. It will be a long time

before these shoes wear out.    adv. lumugay After a while, eventually. Lumugay nagjawab, nagluray sila. After a time of quarreling they began wrestling. luggut adj. Extremely low (tide). Bang hunas luggut diꞌ kita makapagbangkaꞌ. If it is extremely low tide, we can’t ride on the dugout canoe. Cf. hunas 1 lugiꞌ adj. Showing a loss or failure to gain (as in business or gambling). Lugiꞌ in pagꞌusaha namuꞌ. Our business is showing a loss.    vi. pat ma-, magka-. To be unable to get the capital back (and so fail in business), lose money (in business). Malugiꞌ sa kān bang kaw magpalabi sadja ha mamī-mī. You’ll lose money if you always give extra to the buyers.    vt. pat -un. To make (someone) lose money. Bang in puun ku hangpuꞌ pilak, bayaran mu walu pilak, na, lugiun mu na aku. If my cost is ten pesos and you pay eight pesos, you will make me lose money.    vt. ag magpa- To assume (business) loss voluntarily. Magpalugiꞌ na aku supaya hangkarayꞌ magbayaꞌ in dagangan ku. I’ll assume loss voluntarily so that my wares will sell quickly.    adj. makalugiꞌ Causing someone to lose money in business. Makalugiꞌ ha pagꞌismagul in pagdihil sīn ha manga sundalu. Giving money to the soldiers causes one to lose in smuggling. Cf. lawaꞌ2 *lugiak v. act/pat mag-, -um-. (For wood or bamboo) to crack or make a cracking sound. Lumugiak in patung bang mu baliun. The bamboo will make a cracking sound if you break it. Maglugiak in patung bang kapasuan landuꞌ. The bamboo will crack if it gets too hot.    n. paglugiak The sound produced by (wood or bamboo) cracking or splitting. Nakabatiꞌ aku sin paglugiak sin manga patung. I woke up to the sound of bamboo splitting. Cf. giak *lugit v. ag mag-, -um-, mang-; pat -un. To pry (something) up or off (as a lid of a can), extract (something, as the meat of a coconut) with a pry. Lugita sin suruꞌ in saub mital yan. Pry off the lid of that can with a spoon. SYN. *luit 1 lugpiꞌ (gimb. equiv. of lagpiꞌ) v To snap (something) against a surface. lugtiꞌ adj. malugtiꞌ (Of wood, bamboo, rattan, paper, leaves) brittle, easily broken (because very dry). Bang malugtiꞌ in dahun diꞌ manjari pagpusutan wadjit, sabab magisiꞌ. If the leaves are brittle they

cannot be used to wrap sticky rice cakes because they will tear. OV SYN. malapuk lapuk lugtuꞌ v. ag mag-. To strive very hard (to accomplish or realize something that one aspires for). Naglugtuꞌ siya tuud naghinang sin daakan sin Tuhan. He is striving very hard to do God’s commands. Bang kaw maglugtuꞌ sin baran mu awn hadja kasannyangan sin pamikil mu. If you strive very hard you will always have peace of mind. Cf. tuyuꞌ luguꞌ n. A style of singing primarily associated with religious ritual.{Slow in tempo and characterized by high vocal tension and long sustained tones. May or may not be accompanied by instruments. Luguꞌ songs recite the story of the Prophet’s life in Arabic and are sung during the month of Mawlud.}    v. ag mag-, mang-, -um-; pat -un. To sing in such a manner. Maluuy hi Babuꞌ Sula magluguꞌ. Aunt Sula does ritual singing beautifully.    n. mangluluguꞌ A singer of such songs. KINDS OF LUGUꞌ luguꞌ Mawlud

to celebrate the birth of the

Prophet luguꞌ taallaw

for burial

luguꞌ janitlaꞌ

with prose text

luguꞌ jikil

in poetic form

lugum (gimb. luꞌgum) v. ag mag-, -um-; pat hi-, -un. To plunge or dip (something) under water, submerge, duck, dunk (something). Lugum kaw pa tubig. Submerge yourself in the water. Subay hilugum in manga lāy pa tubig piyasuꞌ. You should plunge the dishes into hot water. Cf. hagum *lugus (var. pugus) v. ag mag-, -um-, mang-; pat -un. To force, compel (someone). Liyugus niya aku magad kaniya. He forced me to go with him.    v. ran ka-…-an. To be forced, compelled (to do something). Kalugusan in tau manakaw bang way

makaun. One is forced to steal when there’s no food to eat.    adj. manglulugus Insistent. Manglulugus tuud in bataꞌ ini. This child is insistent. lugut n. A series of scores or depressions in an object. OV SYN. hingga2 luhaꞌ n. Tears. Timūꞌ in luhaꞌ ku pagtulak niya. My tears came when he left.    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To shed tears. Magluhaꞌ in mata ku bang aku magbacha malugay. My eyes shed tears when I read a long time. Cf. tangis, asang2 , dangulngul, *hukuꞌ-hukuꞌ luhay 1 n. Cheapness (of commodities). Bang magdatung in luhay sin istaꞌ, in hangka-tuhug tulay lima pilak da. When fish become cheap, a string of scad sells for only five pesos. v. ST pat mag-, -um-. (For commodities) to become cheaper. Kuꞌnu pa lumuhay in manga pannyagaan ha manga tinda? When will commodities in the stores become cheaper? Diꞌ magluhay in bugas. Rice doesn’t become cheaper. adj. maluhay (Of commodities) cheap. In buwahan ha tabuꞌ landuꞌ maluhay. Lanzones are very cheap in the market. ANT.: halgaꞌ 1. 2 n. Ease, facility. v. ST pat -um-. (For something) to become easy. Diꞌ lumuhay in hinang mu bang ha pikilan mu mahunit. Your work won’t become easy if you think it’s difficult. adj. maluhay Easy, not difficult. Maluhay da in tīs. The test was easy. ANT.: hunit 1. luhaya (var. hulaya) adj. Free (from control, obstacle, or restriction; e.g., not under some person’s or some power’s control, able to act or think without compulsion, not held by obligations or debts). Bukun kita luhaya bihaun pa gimba. We’re no longer free to go to the interior. Luhaya mamasiyal in manga budjang. Unmarried women are free to go places. Luhaya kamu magꞌusaha dī. You’re free here to work for your living. OV SYN. limāya1 ; Cf. mahardikaꞌ luhil mahapug n. A place at the seventh layer of heaven (where everything is recorded either right or wrong). Siyusulat ha luhil mahapug in katān hinang ta mangiꞌ atawa marayaw. At a place in the seventh layer of heaven all our deeds are recorded whether bad or good. luhuꞌ n. A game played by propelling coconut shells toward a target.{Usu. played by women. Each player stands an agreed distance from her own target. They agree beforehand as to how they will propel their

shells, e.g., throw them with their hands or another part of the body, kick them, or carry them with eyes closed. The first one to hit the target with all of her throws/carries wins.} Subay awn ugab bang magpanayam luhuꞌ. We have to have coconut shells in order to play the coconut shell game.    v. ag mag-. To play this game. Magluhuꞌ kitaniyu bang sawa bulan. Let’s play the coconut shell game when the moon is bright. luhud v. ag mag-; -um-. To kneel. Hiluhud ku pa Tuhan bang mayan kaulian in sakit sin anak ku. I’ll kneel (and pray) to God that my child’s sickness may be cured. In manga Bisayaꞌ magluhud bang sila magsumba. Catholics kneel when they pray. Lumuhud sila ha nakuraꞌ nila. They will kneel before their leader. Cf. lintuhud luhul (var. luhur) n. Early afternoon prayer (second of the five prayers of the day). Lisag hambuuk sin mahapun aku magsambahayang luhul. I pray the early afternoon prayer at one o’clock. Cf. subu1 1, asar, magrib 1, aysa lūhul n. A (rectangular) piece of cloth (usu. with elaborate designs), used as a ceiling (esp. on special occasions). Subay na pagkukunsūmun in paghinang ampa hisangun in lūhul. We should hang up the cloth for a ceiling a day before the affair.    v. AR ag mag-; ran -an. To provide (a place) with such a ceiling. Lūhulan ta in tungud sin lamisahan pagkakaunan ta. We’ll put a decorative ceiling above the table where we’ll eat.    v. pat -un. To use (something) as a ceiling. Lūhulun ku na in kakanaꞌ dayn ha Singgapura. I’ll make a ceiling with the cloth from Singapore. *luit 1 v. CH 1 ag mag-, mang-, -um-; pat -un. To pry up (something with a lever or pry). Luita in lantay yan. Pry up one of the boards of the floor. SYN. *lugit 2 adj. maluit Always ready to argue, contentious. Maluit siya magbichara. He’s a contentious speaker. Cf. *lugat *lūk (from kalluk) adj. Curved, bent. In tukaꞌ sin manuk-manuk lūk pa babaꞌ. The bird’s beak is bent downward.    v. CH 1 ag mag-, mang-, -um-; pat -un. To bend or curve (something). Lūka in buktun mu. Bend your arm. Liyūk sin Rasul in tukaꞌ sin manuk nyuli. The prophet Muhammad curved the beak of the nyuli

bird. Cf. kabig luka-luka n. The compartment of the betel nut box where the tobacco is carried. Butangan in tabakuꞌ ha luka-luka. Put the compressed tobacco leaf in the tobacco compartment. Cf. mamaan mamaꞌ lukab vt. CH 1 ag mag-, mang-; pat -un. To break (something) into parts, upset or upturn the surface (of soil when plowed, etc.). Nalukab in lupaꞌ sin pagꞌararu niya. The soil broke into parts from his plowing.    vi. pat ma-. (For a portion of a blade as a bolo or knife) to break off. Nalukab in sulab utak ku kimugdan pa batu. A portion of the blade of my bolo broke off as it struck against the stone. Cf. *tangsuꞌ lukad v. CH 1 ag mag-, mang-, -um-; pat -un. To overturn, uproot (something). Liyukad sin tau in panggiꞌ kahuy. The man uprooted the cassava plant. Nalukad sin hunus in kakahuy-kahuyan. The typhoon uprooted trees. SYN. *larut *lukat v. AQ ag/goal mag-, -um-, mang-; pat -un. To redeem something (from pawn), ransom (someone, as a captive). Liyukat siya kawhaan ngaibu pilak dayn ha mundu. He was ransomed from the bandits with twenty thousand pesos. Lukatun ku kaniya in bāng. I’ll redeem the earring for him. ANT. sandaꞌ lukay n. The young leaf of the coconut (not yet emerged from its protective sheath [labit], used to make small woven baskets for carrying cooked rice [tamu] and to wrap certain confections). Kagunahan in lukay hipaghinang bangbang Sūg. Young coconut leaves are needed for making Tausug confections (i.e., wrapping them). Cf. dahun (See niyug for table.) lukbuꞌ v. act/pat maka-; pat -un. To stumble while walking (even without hitting anything). Nakalukbuꞌ siya ha panawan niya. He stumbled while walking. lukis n. A design (esp. embroidery work). Maghinang aku lukis ha punda. I’ll make a design for the pillowcase.    v. ag mag-, mang-, -um-; pat -un; ran -an. To make a design on (something), trace (something). Lukisan ku in punda. I’ll make a design on the pillowcase. Lukisun ku marayaw in sumping-sumping ini supaya maluhay singuran. I’ll trace this flower well so that the design will be easy to copy.

lukluk v. ag mag-, -um-; pat hi-; ran -an. To hide or lay (something) away. Ayaw mu yan luklukan duun. Don’t hide that there. Liyukluk niya in kātas sulat pagkitaꞌ niya kākuꞌ. She hid the letter when she saw me. Cf. tapuk lukmay n. Weakness (of the body due to overfatigue). Kimansang in lukmay sin baran ku yan. The weakness of my body is becoming serious.    v. act/pat magpang-, -um-; ran -an. To become weak (due to overfatigue). Lukmayan sa in baran mu yan bang kaw sigi-sigi maghinang. Your body will become weak if you keep on working. SYN. *lupay; Cf. hapus luku n. A white robe (worn by a Muslim woman while praying). Subay awn luku sin babai bang magsambahayang. A woman should wear a white robe when she prays.    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To wear such a garment. Diꞌ magluku in manga usug bang magsambahayang. Men don’t wear white robes when they pray. lukuꞌ v. AR ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To lie in a relaxed or lazy way; lounge around. Lukuꞌ sadja kaw way sān makaun mu. Just continue to lounge around and you’ll have nothing to eat. Ayaw kaw magkula sin manga badjuꞌ mu ha taas bayli bat diꞌ lukuan sin iruꞌ. Don’t bleach your clothes on the grass so that the dog won’t lie lazily on them. Cf. kulang1 1, *hantal lukuꞌ-ligad (idiom) v. To suffer extreme hardship, suffering, or defeat (lit. to lie and fall over). Naglukuꞌ-ligad sila sin pagpaiskul ha manga anak nila. They suffered great hardship in sending their children to school. lukub n. A covering (as for food), cover (of a container). Ayaw īgi in lukub sin anglit. Don’t remove the cover of the rice pot.    v. AR ag mag-; ran -an. To cover (something so as to protect it). Lukubi in istaꞌ bat diꞌ makaun sin kuting. Cover the fish so the cat won’t eat it. OV SYN. saub lūkun n. Artificial paper flowers used for decoration. lūkunan (var. liyukunan) n. The back or underpart of the knee. Masakit in lūkunan ku. The back of my knee is sore. Hunata in lūkunan mu. Stretch out the underpart of your knee. Bintia siya ha lūkunan.

Kick him in the back of the knee (as in the game bintiꞌ). (See Appendix 6: The Parts of the Body) lullun (var. of lunlun) adj All, every one the same, all alike. lulu1 v. pat ma-, mag-. (For) many (leaves, fruit, branches or twigs) to fall (caused by strong wind or violent beating); for much (hair) or many (feathers) to fall out. Nalulu in dahun kahuy sin hunus. Many leaves of the tree fell from the storm. Nalulu in bunga buwahan sin sapud sin kabataan. Many lanzones fruit fell because of the throwing of the children. Cf. hulug 1, lanas lulu2 vi. act/pat mang-. (For cloth) to lose all color (through loss of dye during washing), fade. Nanglulu in badjuꞌ mu. Your dress lost all its color. Cf. baluba 1, lubaw luluy 1 v. ag mang-, mag-, -um-; pat -un; goal -an. [Often rdp.] To repeat or imitate (someone [-un] or what someone does or says [-an] usu. in a mocking manner). Mangiꞌ in palangay sin bataꞌ mangluluy bichara sin maas bang bukun da hinangun ilmuꞌ. It is bad behavior for a child to repeat what has been said by older people if it is not for learning purposes. Lumugay niyu yan magluluy magkālu na kamu. The more you repeat mockingly each other’s words it will result in a quarrel. Luluyun niya sadja in inaꞌ niya. He always imitates his mother. Luluyan niya sadja in kabtangan sin mastal. He always repeats what the teacher says. Cf. singud 2 v. RC ag mag-. (For people) to agree (with one another). Nagluluy in duwa magtiyaun. The married couple agreed with each other. lūm-lūm n. Candy. Nagtangis in bataꞌ magpabī lūm-lūm. The child cried asking someone to buy candy for her. SYN. kindi lumad adj. Acquainted, accustomed to someone. Asal kami lumad dayn sin tagnaꞌ. We’ve been acquainted with each other ever since the first. Cf. biyaksa luman n. A mixed feeling of fear, profound respect, and shyness (toward someone); social distance. Wayruun luman ku ha tau diꞌ maingat pagꞌaddatan. I have no feeling of respect for a person who doesn’t know how to accept respect.    v. ST pat mag-, -um-. To develop a mixed feeling of fear, profound respect and shyness. Lumuman in tau dumā magbissara kaymu bang kaw diꞌ magkaybaꞌ. A person who wants to talk to you will become

shy if you don’t answer.    v. ran ka-…-an. To be respected. Diꞌ siya kalumanan sin tau. People don’t respect him.    adj. maluman Having a mixed feeling of fear, profound respect and shyness (toward someone); shy, respectful. Maluman aku mangasubu sin gadji ha piyaghihinangan ku. I’m shy to ask my employer for my salary.    n. kalulumanan A person who commands great respect. Kalulumanan hi Mayul Bahjin ha Taglibi. Mayor Bahjin of Taglibi is a person who commands great respect. *lumbaꞌ v. ag mag-, mang-, -um-; ran -an. To race, compete in a contest of speed. Lumbai siya harap pa landing. Race him towards the airstrip.    n. paglulumbaan Racing ground, racecourse. Subay lanuan in paglulumbaan bat marayaw in paglumbaꞌ sin kabataan. The racecourse must be cleaned so it will be good for the children’s races. Cf. pasu2 lumbaꞌ-lumbaꞌ n. A porpoise. Mataud lumbaꞌ-lumbaꞌ ha lawd Sulari. There are many porpoises in the ocean near Sulari island. lumbag n. Short broken movements of sea waves, choppy waves. Awn lumbag bang mahangin. There are choppy waves when it’s windy.    v. act/pat -um-. (For the sea) to become choppy. Bang lumumbag in dagat diꞌ na kita managat. If the sea becomes choppy we won’t go hunting for shellfish.    adj. malumbag Choppy, rough with short broken waves. Malumbag in dagat adlaw yan. The sea is choppy today. Cf. alun, abal lumbay adj. malumbay Sad, blue, unhappy, lonely (because of thinking of someone). Landuꞌ in aku malumbay sabab way dī in asawa ku. I’m very lonely because my wife is not around. SYN. sitta; Cf. dukka lumbiya n. Sago flour (a starchy foodstuff derived from the soft interior of the sago palm).{The soft interior is trampled and crushed and then allowed to settle in water forming fairly large grayish-white food granules.} Mapīt in lumbiya. Sago flour is sticky.    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To make this foodstuff. Maingat siya maglumbiya. She knows how to

make sago flour. Cf. landang lumbut v. CH 1 ag mag-; pat -un. To pulverize, refine (something). Lumbuta in lupaꞌ pagtanuman ta kamatis. Pulverize the soil where we’ll plant tomatoes. Ayaw mu palumbuta bang kaw magbayu bugas. Do not refine rice when you pound it. OV SYN. tumu luming n. Slowness or sluggishness to move (as in working or walking). Ayaw na kaw magꞌagad kākuꞌ bang bihān in luming mu manaw. Don’t come with me if that’s how slow you walk.    v. ST pat -um-. To become slower. Lumuming na in kumpit bang malugay na ha dagat. A boat becomes slower when it’s been in the sea a long time.    adj. maluming Slow, sluggish. Bang kaw maluming diꞌ mu maubus in hinang kunsūm. If you’re slow you’ll not finish your work tomorrow. SYN. lallay; Cf. hinay, agak-agak *agak lummiꞌ 1 n. Dirt, filth. Dakdaki in badjuꞌ mu bat maīg in lummiꞌ. Wash your dress to get rid of the dirt. adj. malummiꞌ Dirty, filthy. Malummiꞌ in tabuꞌ. The market is dirty. vt. ag mag-; ran -an. To get (something) dirty. Ayaw kamu maglummiꞌ dī ha bilik ini. Don’t get this room dirty. vi. ST pat -um-; ran ka-…-an. To become dirty. Kalummian in tawmpaꞌ mu bang mu hipanaw ha pisak. Your shoes will get dirty if you walk in the mud. Cf.: tamak 1. 2 v. ran ka-…-an. To feel nauseated (at the sight of something dirty or ritually unclean). Lumummiꞌ kaw bang mu kītaꞌ in litsun babuy. You would have felt nauseated if you had seen the roasted pig. lumpat v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To jump, leap, spring (usu. induced by some excitement, as joy, grief or fear). Limumpat siya pagꞌingat niya dimaug siya. She jumped with joy when she learned that she won. Lumpat kaw dayn ha taas ād yaun. Jump over that fence. Cf. lungtud, *tugpaꞌ lumpun v. ag mag-, mang-, -um-; ran -an. [Does not occur with pa₂.] To oppress, subdue (someone). Diꞌ kami mabayaꞌ lumpunan sin bangsa dugaing. We don’t want to be oppressed by other nations. SYN. *lungkup lumu adj. Granular, crumbly. Ayaw kaw magbī sin bangbang lumu. Don’t buy crumbly cookies.    vt. CH 1 ag mag-, mang-, -um-; pat -un. To reduce (something) to granules or small pieces, crumble or crush (something). Lumuhun natuꞌ in batu dakulaꞌ ini. We’ll crush these big rocks.

   vi. ST pat ma-. (For something) to be reduced to granules, crumble. Malumu sān in kamanyan bang mu daꞌganan. The incense will crumble if you put something heavy on it. OV SYN. tumu; Cf. *tigtig, *pipis lumuꞌ adj. Dirty, filthy, or untidy (in appearance, work habits, etc.); lewd, obscene, pornographic. Lumuꞌ in hinang niya. His work is untidy. Ayaw magbichara lumuꞌ bang awn babai. Don’t talk of lewd things when there is a lady around. Diꞌ manjari magsūd in bataꞌ sin sīni lumuꞌ. Children are not allowed to see pornographic movies.    v. CH 1 ag mag-, -um-, mang-; pat -un. To make something dirty, filthy. Ayaw lumua in tubig. Don’t make the water dirty.    adj. makalumuꞌ Causing (something) to become dirty, debased, defiled, corrupted. Subay īgan in manga tau makalumuꞌ sin parinta. The men who corrupt the government must be dismissed from office. Cf. lummiꞌ 1 lumuk adj. Wet through, soaked, very wet. Lumuk in badjuꞌ niya sin hulas. His shirt is soaked with perspiration.    v. pat ma-. To be or become wet through, soaked. Malumuk kaw sin ulan bang kaw diꞌ magpayung. You’ll be soaked with rain if you don’t use an umbrella. Cf. basaꞌ *lumus (gimb. luꞌmus) vi. pat ma-, magka-. To lose consciousness because of water in the lungs or lack of air in the lungs (death does not always result), drown. Awn tau magkalumus sumagawaꞌ bang masaut matabang masuhul mabuhiꞌ da isab. There are people who drown but if they are helped quickly sometimes they live.    vt. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To drown (someone or an animal). Lumusa siya ha subaꞌ. Drown him in the river. lumut n. Moss. Īgi in lumut ha buliꞌ sin bangkaꞌ. Take away the moss on the bottom of the canoe.    adj. liyulumut Mossy (also malumut). Liyulumut in manga batu yan. Those rocks are mossy.    v. pat -un. To become covered with moss. Lumutun maglulugay in kassaꞌ ini bang diꞌ paghugasan. In time this bottle will become covered with moss if it isn’t washed. *lūn v. ag mag-, mang-, -um-; pat -un. To wrap up (something by turning it over and over), roll up

(something). Lūna na in baluy. Roll up the sleeping mat. Lūna in pupud siga ha kātas. Wrap up the cigarette butts in paper rolls. Cf. gulung, *lungun *lunag (gimb. *luꞌnag) v. ran -an. To be or become overfatigued or exhausted. Lunagan sa kān bang maghinang dayn ha mahinaat pa mahapun. You’ll be exhausted if you work from morning till afternoon. Makalunag in magbayu pāy. Pounding rice causes overfatigue. Cf. luug, hapus lunas n. A keel, a piece of hollow, thick, and heavy wood of special quality used as the base of a pumpboat or launch. Makamdus in lunas sin lansa ku. The keel of my launch is durable. lundang panun n. Comrade, buddy, pal, chum. Siya in lundang panun ku sin bataꞌ-bataꞌ pa kami. He was my buddy when we were children. Cf. bagay, panun lundug v. TV ag mag-, mang-, -um-; goal -un. To follow (someone). Lundug kaw kaniya pa tabuꞌ. Follow him to the market place. Hisiyu in tau liyundug mu? Who was the person you followed? Cf. urul, agad 2 lunlun (var. lullun) adj. All, every one the same, all alike. Haluꞌ lunlun in istaꞌ nabī mu. The fish which you bought are all alike rotten. Cf. katān, sama-sama, saliꞌ lunsad v. ag mag-, -um-, mang-; pat -un. To launch (a vessel). Maglunsad kami sin lansa baꞌgu kunsūm. We will launch the new launch tomorrow. Lunsarun ta in sakayan kunsūm. Let’s launch the skiff tomorrow. *lunsul v. TV ag mag-, -um-; goal -un. To wander about, ramble, roam around. Ayaw kaw lumunsul dūm. Don’t roam around at night.    adj. malunsul Habitually rambling or roaming around. Diꞌ aku makapagꞌipat ha bataꞌ malunsul. I couldn’t take care of a child that roams around. Cf. panaw 1, *tāraꞌ, kāmbuyan luntu v. ag mag-, -um-; goal -un. (For a bird) to fly suddenly upward. In manuk limuntu pa taas atup sin bāy. The hen suddenly flew up to the roof of the house. Cf. paglupad *lupad *lunud (gimb. luꞌnud) vi. ST pat ma-. To sink, submerge, capsize, go down (as of boats or ships).    vt. pat -un. To sink, submerge, capsize (something). Ayaw lunura in bangkaꞌ diꞌ aku maingat

lumanguy. Don’t sink the dugout canoe for I don’t know how to swim. Cf. luddang 1 lunuk 1.1 n. Softness. Subay bihaini in lunuk sin tilam bīhun mu. The softness of the mattress you buy should be like this. adj. malunuk Soft, tender. Malunuk na in sapiꞌ. The beef is already tender. Malunuk in buhuk niya. Her hair is soft. v. ST pat -um-, mag-. To become soft, tender. Lagaa in manuk bat lumunuk. Boil the chicken so it will become tender. ANT.: tugas 1; Cf.: pudjat. 1.2 n. Weakness (of the body). v. ST pat -um-, mang-. To become (physically) weak. Manglunuk kaw sin taud sin hinang. You’ll become weak from the volume of the work. adj. malunuk (Of the body) weak. 2 adj. malunuk (Of a person) open, receptive, (of a person’s heart [atay]) soft. Malunuk in pagꞌatay sin maas ha manga anak. Parents are softhearted towards their children. v. act -um-. (For a person) to become receptive, (for a person’s heart) to soften. Diꞌ lumunuk in atay ku ha tau yan. My heart won’t soften toward that person. ANT.: tugas 2; Cf.: ulung. lunga n. Sesame, a grain with small edible seeds (refers either to the plant or to the seeds). Bī kaw madtu lunga hinangun ku ubat. Go there and buy some sesame. I’ll use it for medicine.    v. AR ag mag-; ran -an. To add or mix sesame with (something). Liyungahan ku in bangbang. I put sesame seeds on the cake. (See Appendix 5: Plants) lungag n. A hole, opening. Nalusut siya ha lungag sin lantay. His foot went through a hole in the floor.    v. AR ag mag-, -um-, mang-; ran -an. To make a hole in (something). Subay lungagan in buliꞌ mital bang pagtanuman sumping. We should make a hole in the bottom of the can when we plant flowers in it. Cf. buslut lūngan n. A barrio. Mataud bāy malingkat ha lūngan nila. There are many beautiful houses in their barrio. Cf. kawman lungbus adv. (Of the color of an object) purely, entirely, completely. In badjuꞌ niya lungbus putiꞌ. Her dress is all white.

   v. aux -an. (To pay a debt) entirely, fully. Lungbusan ku bayaran in utang ku ha tapus bulan. I’ll pay my debt fully at the end of the month. lunggang v. ag mag-, -um; pat -un. To rock back and forth (as in a rocking chair), move (something) up and down. Magsilawak tuud siya bang ku lunggangun in lilingkuran niya. She really screams if I rock her chair.    adj. (Of a water pump) operated by up-and-down motion, (of a well) fitted with such a pump. Malihaw in tubig guwaꞌ dayn ha tubig lunggang. The water that comes from a well fitted with a pump operated by up-and-down motion is clear. Cf. liyal 1 *lunghak v. act/pat mang-. To become hollow-eyed and haggard, emaciated, or gaunt (as from extreme hunger, overfatigue, or illness). Nanglunghak in bataꞌ sabab kulang in pagkaun. The child became emaciated due to lack of food. Cf. kayug lunghaw adj. (Of a person) gawkish, awkward, stupid. In tau lunghaw diꞌ kahinduan. A gawkish person doesn’t take heed of any advice. Cf. dupang, babbal *lungkad v. ag mag-, mang-, -um-; pat -un; ran -an. To search (among things in a container or file, turning them over and disarranging them). Lungkarun ta ha baul, kalu yadtu in badjuꞌ mu. Let’s search in the chest, your dress might be there. Cf. lawag 1 *lungkahad v. TV ag -um-; goal -un. To move suddenly or rapidly upward or forward (from a sitting or lying position), leap, spring. Limungkahad siya pagdungug niya sin timbak. He leaped up when he heard the shot. *lungkup v. ag mag-, mang-, -um-; ran -an. To overpower, subdue, or overwhelm (something). Diꞌ kami mabayaꞌ lungkupan sin manga tau guwaꞌ hulaꞌ. We don’t want to be overpowered by the foreigners. Subay ta diꞌ lungkupan in kapatutan sin pagkahi ta. We should not overpower the authority of our fellowman. SYN. lumpun lungkuy n. A round-shaped, slightly crispy snack food made of flour, shrimp and vegetables. Masarap kaunun in lungkuy labi awla bang awn tinuanan niya. Is is delicious to eat shrimp and vegetable especially with its sauce. SYN. ukuy

*lunglung v. AR ag mag-, mang-, -um-; ran -an. To wash out (the inside of something, as a bottle). Lunglungi in duruan sin bataꞌ. Wash out the child’s nursing bottle. Cf. hugas 1 lungsad v. ag mag-, mang-, -um-; pat -un. To tear down, demolish, destroy (something) completely. Liyungsad sin manga sundalu in bāy nila. The soldiers demolished their house. Cf. lubu lungsi n. The disagreeable smell (of fish or blood). Panabun kaw bat maīg in lungsi istaꞌ ha lima mu. Soap up so you’ll get rid of the disagreeable fish smell on your hands.    adj. malungsi Having a disagreeable smell of fish or blood. Malungsi in istaꞌ bawis. The siganus fish has a disagreeable odor. SYN. langsa lungsit n. The sharpness (of the point of a spear, sword, knife, etc.). In lungsit sin pussuk budjak yan makabugaꞌ. The sharpness of the point of that spear is fearful to look at.    adj. malungsit (Of the point of a knife or bladed weapon) very sharp. Malungsit in pussuk sin iskrima ku. The point of my sword is very sharp. Cf. hayt lungtud v. AR ag mag-, -um-, mang-; ran -an. To leap, spring, bounce (at something). Liyungturan siya sin iruꞌ. The dog sprang at him. Cf. *tugpaꞌ, lumpat *lungun n. A roll (of something). Pilangka-lungun? How many rolls?    v. ag mag-, mang-, -um-; pat -un. To roll (something, as cigarettes or rope). Lunguna in kawat. Roll the wire.    n. lungunan, paglungunan, lulungunan Something on which to roll something else. Cf. *lūn, gulung lungun-lungun n. Intestines. Bang way lungun-lungun ta diꞌ kita mabuhiꞌ. We can’t live without our intestines. SYN. tinai lunyut adj. Soft, flabby. Lunyut na in nangkaꞌ ini. This jackfruit is already soft.    vi. ST pat -um-. To become soft. Kauna in kapaya bābā diꞌ pa lumunyut. Eat the papaya before it becomes soft.    vt. pat -un. To squeeze (something so as to make it soft). Lunyutun ku in suwaꞌ ini. I’ll squeeze this citrus. Cf. lunuk 1.1, pudjat

lupa1 vt. pat -un. To disregard (something), try to forget (something). Ayaw na kaw magsusa, lupahun ku na in utang mu kākuꞌ. Don’t worry, I will disregard your debt to me. Lupaha na in nakalabay. Try to forget the past.    vi. pat ma-; ran ka-…-an. To forget (something). Unu in kiyalupahan mu? What did you forget? Cf. lipat2 lupa2 n. Appearance, form, figure. Biyaꞌ diin in lupa niya? What is his appearance like (i.e., does he look like)? Hi, in lupa! How ugly! In lupa mu! How ugly you look! Biyaꞌ kaw lupa kamaasan. You look like an old-fashioned person.    v. act/pat mag-, -um-. To have the appearance of; look like (something). Lumupa kaw maas bang bihān in pagtamung mu. You look like an old person if you dress that way. SYN. dagbus *hangka-lupa (derv.) v. To look like (someone). *salupa (derv.) v. To take on (one’s) appearance or form. lupaꞌ n. Land, ground, country, earth, soil. Mamī kami lupaꞌ pagpatindugan namuꞌ bāy. We will buy land where we can construct a house. Cf. gumi *lupad n. paglupad The act of flying, flight. Way ku kitaꞌ in paglupad sin ariplanu. I didn’t see the flight of the plane.    v. ag mag-, -um-; goal -un. (For birds, aircraft, kites, etc.) to take off, begin flight, fly. Pagjagahan ku lumupad in manga manuk-manuk. I watch the birds to see when they will fly. Lisag pila lumupad in ariplanu? What time will the airplane take off? Diꞌ makalupad in manuk-manuk bang way pikpik. A bird cannot fly without wings.    v. ag mag-…-an. To fly away all together. Magluparan in manga assang bang makabahunus tau. The pigeons will all fly away together when they hear the noise of people. Cf. *palid, *palis *lupay v. act/pat mang-; ran -an. To become weary, fatigued. Liyupayan tuud siya nagpanaw dayn ha gimba pa daira. He became very weary walking from the interior to town. SYN. lukmay; Cf. lamma, laul, hapus lupiꞌ n. A folded part of something, a line or mark made by folding, crease (as of trousers). Agara in lupiꞌ sin pantalun bang kaw magpilinsa. When you iron follow the crease of the pants.

   v. ag mag-, -um-, mang-; pat -un; ran -an. To fold (something, as clothes, towel, or paper). Lupia in habul yan. Fold that blanket. Cf. lapiꞌ 1 luping (gimb. equiv. of laping) adj (Of the ears) folded. lupis n. The outer layer of the abaca plant (usu. used as string). Bagguta sin lupis in manga kangkung yan. Tie that kangkong into a bundle using the outer layer of the abaca plant. Cf. lubid lupit v. ag mag-, mang-; ran -an. To return a bride price to someone (in a divorce case wherein the woman divorces her husband). In babai manglupit bang siya in mamugit ha bana niya. The woman returns the bride price if she divorces her husband. Cf. *uliꞌ lupiya n. The fifty centavo piece, a half peso. Siyukatan sila duwa ngaibu lupiya. They were required to give two thousand half pesos. luppas adj. (Of money or time) wasted, squandered, spent uselessly or profitlessly; (of an opportunity) lost, wasted, not taken advantage of. Luppas in sīn piyagꞌiskul mu. Walaꞌ mu da tiyalus. The money spent in your schooling is just wasted. You didn’t finish it (i.e., your schooling).    vt. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To waste (money, time, or an opportunity). Ayaw na kaw magluppas sin lapal mu manghinduꞌ kaniya. Don’t waste your words in counseling him.    vi. pat ma-. (For money, time, an opportunity) to be wasted or squandered. Maluppas in waktu ta bang diꞌ hipagꞌiskul. Our time will be wasted if we don’t go to school. Naluppas in waktu ku nagtagad kaymu. My time was wasted waiting for you. Cf. kawgun, *usibaꞌ 1 luppuꞌ-luppuꞌ n. Rice (usu. sticky rice) mixed with peppery spices and turmeric, and wrapped in a banana leaf before it is cooked.    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To make this dish. Mabayaꞌ siya magluppuꞌ-luppuꞌ. She wants to make spiced rice. Cf. punjung2 , tamu luppus n. Sponge, plantlike colonies of marine animals with their fibrous skeletons which are used for sponges. Mataud luppus ha Lupaꞌ Sūg. There are many sponges in Jolo. lupput adj. Bulging, swelling out, protruding. Lupput mata in tau yan. That man has bulging eyes. Cf. bullat

   vt. ag mag-, mang-, -um-; pat -un. To stick out (the tongue). Lupputan in dilaꞌ mu. Stick out your tongue.    vi. ST pat -um-. To bulge, swell out, protrude (as of the eyes, anus). Lumupput in jubul mu bang kaw taga sakit almuranas. Your anus will protrude if you are afflicted with hernia. Lumupput in dilaꞌ mu bang ta kaw masuntuk. Your tongue will protrude if I sock you. lupu n. A field abandoned and allowed to grow up in weeds, last year’s field. Subay lanuan in lupu ini bat katanuman. This field should be cleaned so it can be planted. Cf. uma, palipat 2 lupug vt. ag mag-, mang-; pat -un. To break (an object) by heavy pressure, crush (something) into several pieces (as stones). Maglupug kitaniyu batu. Let us crush the stones into several pieces.    vi. pat ma-. (For an object) to be crushed. Malupug in baran sin tau bang kagipitan sin tarak. The body of a person will be crushed if it is squashed by a truck. Cf. tumu luraꞌ n. Saliva. Ayaw tūna in luraꞌ mu bang kaw puasa. Don’t swallow your saliva if you are fasting.    v. ag mag-, -mang-, -um-; ran -an. To spit or eject saliva (from the mouth). Ayaw magluraꞌ ha lantay. Don’t spit on the floor.    n. palurahan [There is no stem lura.] A spitoon (esp. for spit of betel nut chew). Butangan ha daig hi apuꞌ in palurahan bang siya magmamaꞌ. Place the spitoon next to your grandpa when he chews betel nut.    v. manghiluraꞌ To spit so as to show contempt or scorn. Ayaw na kaw manghiluraꞌ duun bang kaw diꞌ da umatu kaniya magluray. Don’t be spitting there so scornfully if you can’t stand up to her in fighting. Cf. bula, *luwaꞌ, laway, suka lurang n. The sheath of the flower of the coconut tree. (See niyug for table.) lurat adj. (Of clothing, shoes, etc.) shabby, worn out. Ayaw kaw magbadjuꞌ sin lurat yan. Don’t wear that shabby dress. Cf. daan, dagmay    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To tear (something). Luratun mu magtuy in badjuꞌ baꞌgu sadja binī. You’re already tearing the shirt just recently bought. OV SYN. gisiꞌ *luray v. RC ag mag-, mang-, -um-; pat -un. (For quarreling women) to wrestle, fight (often characterized by pulling of hair). Sulutun ta in manga babai ini bat diꞌ magluray. Let’s cause the girls to settle their

differences so they won’t fight.    n. pagluray The act of wrestling or fighting. Malami in pagluray sin magkalua. The fighting of cowives is funny to watch.    adj. pangluluray (Of quarrelsome women) prone to wrestling. Cf. lutsa luruk n. A guest at a social activity, bystander (as at the scene of an accident). Mataud luruk ha pagtiyaunan. There are many guests at the wedding.    v. ag mag-, -um-, mang-; pat -un. To attend a social activity, go to the scene (of action). Ayaw naa kaw lumuruk, nagtitimbak masi. Don’t go to the scene yet, they’re still shooting. Cf. bisita lurup 1 v. ag mag-, -um-, mang-; pat -un. To dive (particularly underwater diving as for fishes or sponges). Lurup kaw pa dagat bang kaw bunnal manglulurup. Dive down into the water if you’re really a diver. Cf.: languy. n. manglulurup A diver, one skillful in diving. Mapudlun tuud in manglulurup yaun. That diver can really stay down a long time. 2 v. act/pat -um-. (With lawd) to be beyond one’s depth (of understanding or knowledge), be past one’s ability. Lumurup sa kaw yan lawd bang amu yan in hipahinang kaymu. You are beyond your depth if that’s the task assigned to you. lurus vi. ag -um-; pat ma-. To slide down (as from a treetop or of a child being carried by the mother), descend in a sliding motion; (for a garment) to slip off. Lurus na kaw dayn ha taas niyug yan. Slide down from the top of that coconut tree. Limurus siya dayn ha hāg. She slid down from the post. Nalurus in habul niya. Her sarong slipped off.    vt. pat hi-, -un. To slide (something) down. Lurusan sadja pa babaꞌ in manga mabuggat yan. Just slide those heavy things down. Cf. *laꞌdus, landug, ludlud lūs n. A sore resulting from burning, burn. Mahapdus in lūs ha buktun niya. The burn on his arm is stinging with pain.    vt. ag mag-, mang-, -um-; pat -un. To burn (someone), injure (someone) with something hot. Lūsun ku sa yan in siki mu sin baga kāyu bang kaw diꞌ humundung maglunsul. If you don’t stop roaming around I’ll burn your feet with hot coals.    vi. pat ma-. To be burned or injured with something hot. Nalūs in lima niya sin tubig piyasuꞌ. His hand

is burned from hot water. Cf. sunug lusay n. A variety of inedible seaweed. Awn manga istaꞌ naghuhulaꞌ ha lawm lusay. There are fish that live among the seaweed. (See Appendix 3: Seashells, Seaweeds, etc.) luslus adj. Loose (and about to fall down, as of pants). Luslus in pantalun niya. His pants are loose.    v. act/pat mag-, -um-; pat ma-. To become loose and slide down. Sinturuni in pantalun mu bat diꞌ maluslus. Wear a belt so your pants won’t become loose and slide down. Cf. haluy 1 lussuk (gimb. *lutuk) 1 v. ag mag-, -um, mang-; pat -un. To touch (food) with (one’s) bare hands. Subay diꞌ lussukun in kaunun supaya diꞌ mabalus. The cooked rice must not be touched with bare hands so that it won’t spoil. OV SYN. *kussuꞌ 2 v. ag mang-; pat -un. To touch (someone else’s food) with one’s hands. Ayaw kaw manglussuk sin pagkaun nila. Don’t touch their food with your hands. lussung vi. pat ma-. To become bankrupt (in business). Malussung kaw bang bihayan in gastu mu. You will be bankrupt if that’s the way you spend. Makalussung in panayam ha tau. Gambling makes a person bankrupt.    vt. pat -un. To cause (something) to become bankrupt. Bang bihān in paggastu, lussungun niya in bisnis mu. If that’s the way he spends, he’ll cause your business to go bankrupt. Cf. lugiꞌ lusung n. A wooden mortar for pounding rice, the wooden vessel with bowl-shaped cavity where rice is pounded. Cf. pipisan *pipis, hallu *lusut 1 v. pat ma-. To stumble and get (one’s) foot caught in a hole. Tabuni in lungag bat diꞌ malusut in tau. Patch the hole so people won’t stumble and catch their foot in it. Cf. *ligad, landug, liꞌdas 2 vi. pat ma-. To slip up (in one’s speech, esp. to say what one is not supposed to say). Kamayaꞌ kaw bat kaw diꞌ malusut magbissara ha paghukuman. Be careful so you won’t slip up in speaking in the courtroom. vt. pat -un. To cause (someone) to slip up (in his speech). Lusutun ta in bichara niya. We’ll make him slip up in his speech. lutang1 (var. luttaꞌ) 1 n. A crack, chip, chink (as in glassware, mirror, or earthenware). Awn lutang sin

basu ini. This drinking glass has a crack. v. act/pat -um-; ran -an. (For glassware, etc.) to crack. Lutangan in basu bang mu asagan tubig piyasuꞌ. The drinking glass will crack if you pour hot water on it. lutang2 v. ag mang-, -um-; pat -un. To repeat an action (usu. a stabbing or shooting of someone already wounded); (for) some action (to be done) again (or) again and again. Liyutang hi Julius Caesar sin manga nanipu kaniya. Julius Caesar was stabbed again and again by his conspirators. Pagꞌubus sin hulaꞌ Baguio kiyugdan sin linug liyutang na isab sin hunus. After Baguio was hit by an earthquake it was struck again by a typhoon. Cf. bunuꞌ, patay 1 lutaw n. A spirit of a dead person (forced because of his badness to return to earth as an evil-smelling, half decayed body), evil ghost. Mabugaꞌ aku ha lutaw. I am afraid of the evil ghosts.    v. ag mag-, mang-, -um-; ran -an. To become an evil ghost upon death, haunt (someone). Ayaw kaw manglutaw kāmuꞌ bang kaw matay. Don’t haunt us when you die. Ayaw na kamu maglutaw-lutaw bat diꞌ mugaꞌ in kabataan. Don’t pretend to be ghosts. You will scare the children. Cf. aluwa lutiꞌ n. A flash of lightning and the accompanying thunder, thunderbolt. Miyugaꞌ in bataꞌ ha lutiꞌ. The child was afraid of the lightning flash and thunder. Cf. kilat lutlut v. ag mag-, -um-, mang-; pat -un. To suck (milk from the breast or feeding bottle). Makusug lumutlut in bataꞌ-bataꞌ. The baby sucks strongly. Cf. supsup 1 lutsa v. ag mag-, mang-, -um-; pat -un. To wrestle (with someone). Mabayaꞌ kaw maglutsa iban siya? Do you want to wrestle with him? Cf. *luray, suntuk *lutu v. CV3 ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To carry (something) on the head. Lutuha in ligu. Carry the winnowing basket on your head. (See dā for table.) lutuꞌ 1 adj. Cooked. Lutuꞌ na ka in pagkaun? Is the food already cooked? v. CH 1 ag mag-; pat -un. To cook (something). Lutuun ta na bihaun in sapiꞌ. Let’s cook the beef now. Mahapun ku na hipalutuꞌ in ullang. I’ll have the shrimp cooked in the afternoon. Cf.: adjal, tugnaꞌ. n. maglulutuꞌ A cook. 2 n. A supply of provisions (as food or money). Pila in lutuꞌ mu pa iskul? How much money do they

give you when you go to school? v. ag mag-, -um-. To take (something) as provisions. Subay kaw maglutuꞌ kakaun bang kaw tumulak. You should take provisions of food along on your trip. palutuꞌ (derv.) n. Provisions given for a trip, send-off gift. 3 adj. (Of the colors red, green, blue, yellow) dark (also malutuꞌ). Bī kaw salbanꞌ pula malutuꞌ. Buy dark red thread. *lutuk (gimb. equiv. of lussuk) v To touch (food) with bare hands. lutup n. A blister from friction (as on the hands from rowing). Awn lutup sin siki niya. There’s a blister on her foot.    v. act/pat mag-, -um-; ran -an. To have or form a blister. Liyutupan in lima niya. She has blisters on her hand. Cf. lūs luug adj. Needing much effort, difficult, wearying. Hinang luug in maghakut sin manga batu ini. It’s a wearying job hauling these stones.    adj. maluug Fatigued, worn out, exhausted, all in. Diꞌ aku maghinang kunsūm sabab maluug tuud aku adlaw yan. I’m not going to work tomorrow because I’m exhausted today.    v. act/pat mag-; ran -an. To waste one’s effort, become exhausted, worn out. Luugan sadja kaw maglāg kaniya. Diꞌ mu da siya kabākan. You’ll become worn out looking for him. You won’t be able to find him. Cf. hapus, laul, *lunag *luug v. CH 1 ag magpa-; pat pa-…-un. To tease, poke fun at, torment (someone) by fooling. Ayaw paluuga in manghud mu bat diꞌ tumangis. Don’t poke fun at your sister so she will not cry. Cf. dupang luuk 1 n. An inlet, cove, bay, sheltered body of water. Bang maalun marayaw tumapuk in kalansahan ha lawm luuk. When the waves are high it is good for launches to take shelter in coves. Cf. tanduꞌ 2 n. (cap.) The easternmost municipality of Jolo island. luun n. Contents, everything inside of something else. Unu in luun sin baul yan? What are the contents of that trunk?    v. ag mag-, -um-, mang-; pat hi-; ran -an. To fill, place (something) inside of (something else). Luun

kamu tubig pa puga. You fill the jar with water. Luuni asin in mital. Fill the tin can with salt.    n. luluunan A container. Nalawaꞌ in luluunan ku pamulawan. My container for gold jewelry is lost. Cf. lawm 1.1 luuy1 n. Pleasantness, agreeableness, sweetness (as of voice). Sibuꞌ da in luuy nila magkalang. Their sweetness in singing is the same.    v. ST pat mag-, -um-. To become very pleasing (to the ear). Magluuy in pagluguꞌ bang manga lisag hangpuꞌ tagduwa na sin dūm. The singing becomes very pleasing at midnight.    adj. maluuy Pleasant, agreeable, sweet (to the ear). Maluuy in tingug nila. They sound pleasant. luuy2 n. Pity, compassion; love. In tau mamumunuꞌ wayruun luuy ha pagkahi niya. A murderer has no compassion on his fellowman.    v. ag -um-; pat -un. To be compassionate (toward someone), pity (someone); love (someone).    adj. maluuy Characterized by compassion, pity, or love. Maluuy siya magꞌatud ha manga tau way pagkaun. She feels compassion when she sees people who have no food.    adj. makaluuy Causing pity, compassion; pitiable, to be pitied. Makaluuy in tau najīl sin way dusa. A person in jail for no fault of his own is to be pitied. OV SYN. ulung luuya n. Ginger. Butangi luuya in paksiyu. Put ginger in the fish preparation. (See Appendix 5: Plants)    v. AR ag mag-; ran -an. To add ginger (to food). Luuyahan ta in sabaw. We’ll add ginger to the soup. Cf. dulaw luuya putiꞌ (comp.) v. A kind of ginger which has white skin and is larger than luuya pula. luuya pula (comp.) v. A kind of ginger which has red skin. Its taste and odor are the same as luuya putiꞌ. *luwaꞌ v. CV 1 ag mag-, mang-; pat hi-. To eject (something, as food) from the mouth. Luwaan in kakaun dayn ha lawm simud mu. Eject the food from your mouth. Cf. luraꞌ, bula, suka Luwaan n. Sea gypsies (a people group in Sulu who have their shelter on their vintas. Their chief means of livelihood is fishing). Matiꞌbut mamingit istaꞌ in manga Luwaan. The sea gypsies are industrious in fishing. SYN. badjaw luwag n. A ladle, large serving spoon (either wooden or metal).

   v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To ladle (something). Luwagun ku na in kaunun pa lāy. I’ll ladle the cooked rice onto the plate. Luwagi naa kami lamay. First you ladle us some viand. luwal (var. of duwal) rel Except, save for, but. luwan n. Load, cargo, freight. Mataud tuud luwan sin tarak yan. That truck has plenty of cargo.    vt. ag mag-, -um-, mang-; pat hi-; ran -an. To load (something). Hiluwan ta pa Tiyanggi in dūyan. We’ll load the durian to go to Jolo town.    v. pat ma-. To be able to be loaded. Maluwan bahaꞌ kitaniyu katān ha tarak ini? Can we all be loaded in this truck? luwang n. The hold (of a ship), hull. Yadtu in lahing ha lawm luwang. The copra is in the ship’s hold. luway-luway n. A paste made of starch (used as adhesive for paper or light cloth material). Maghinang kita luway-luway hipagpikit sin kanjiꞌ sin taguriꞌ. Let’s make starch paste to glue the paper on the kite. Cf. *pikit 1.1 luy luyit n. A cicada-like insect. Mahibuk in luy luyit bang mapasuꞌ in suga. The cicada-like insects are noisy when the sun is hot. (See Appendix 1: Birds and Flying Insects) luya adj. Having lost (one’s) strength, without strength. Luya na in baran niya ha paghinangan mabuggat. He lost his strength in working hard.    vi. act/pat mag-, -um-, mang-. To lose one’s strength. Bang bukun marayaw in pagkaun ta maluhay mangluya in baran ta. If our eating is not good (i.e. we don’t eat well) our body easily loses its strength. Cf. *lupay, lamma, paya luyaꞌ n. A variety of jackfruit with mushy or squashy meat. Cf. tignus (See Appendix 5: Plants) luyluy adj. Withered, wilted (as of flowers or leaves). Luyluy na in manga sumping ini. These flowers are withered.    v. ST pat -um-, mang-. To wither, wilt. Butangan pa tubig in sumping bat diꞌ lumuyluy. Put the flowers in water so they won’t wither. Cf. kullus 1, lanus 1 luyuꞌ adj. Narrow-eyed, sleepy-eyed. Luyuꞌ in mata niya. She is narrow-eyed. Cf. pirut

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Tausug-English Dictionary: Kabtangan Iban Maana

Tausug - English a

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m ma-1 prefix pfx. Characterized by, abundant in (adjective and adverb-forming prefix). ma-2 verbal prefix pfx. The patient-focusing affix in the involuntary or circumtantial mode. *maꞌlum v. act mang-. {Rare} [Does not occur with pa₂.] To inform (someone, a group of people, or even a crowd in the most respectful manner about a promise unfulfilled, appointment unrealized, plan miscarried, problems unsolved, etc.). Subay awn mamaꞌlum madtu pa datuꞌ bang diꞌ hikalanjal in panaw natuꞌ adlaw ini. Somebody has to inform the datu if we can’t go on with our journey today. Cf. baytaꞌ, ingat

maꞌmun n. The congregation (of a particular mosque under the leadership of a particular imam). Mataud in maꞌmun magsambahayang ha langgal bang adlaw Jumaat. There are many of the congregation praying at the mosque on Friday. Cf. jamaa *maꞌmus (gimb. equiv. of *mamus) (see: *pamus) v To wash (one’s or someone’s) face (with water). maadjul v. ag mag-; ran pag-…-an. To run away, travel to far places in despair (after a bitter disappointment esp. in love). Nagmaadjul in datuꞌ sabab walaꞌ niya naasawa in babai kabayaan niya. The datu despairingly left because he wasn’t able to marry the girl he wanted. Nagmaadjul siya hangkan siya nakakari pa hulaꞌ ta. He ran away in despair, that’s why he came to our place. Cf. paguy maana n. Meaning, interpretation, version, translation. Way ku nabacha in maana sin Kuraan ha Anggalis. I’ve not read the English translation of the Koran.    v. ag mag-; ran -an. To interpret, translate (something), give the meaning or a version of (something). Subay mu maanahan in tarasul mu. You should interpret your poem. Cf. hāti *maang-maang v. ag mag-. To speak hesitantly, falter. Ayaw na kaw magmaang-maang, baytaꞌ na kaw sin bunnal. Don’t falter. You tell the truth. Cf. alang *maap v. ag mag-; pat -un. To forgive, pardon (someone), remit (something). Maapa aku sin dusa ku kaymu. Forgive me for my sin against you.    n. kamaapan Forgiveness, pardon, remission. Pangayuꞌ kaw kamaapan ha maas mu. Ask forgiveness from your parents. OV SYN. ampun maaripat n. Knowledge of the righteous, symbolic faith, strength of religious belief (used only in a religious sense). Makusug in maaripat niya. He has a very strong knowledge of the righteous. Cf. īman bugtuꞌ sin maaripat (idiom) n. Something very strongly desired (lit. break of strength of religious belief). Bugtuꞌ sin maaripat ku, ikaw in maasawa ku. It’s my very strong desire to marry you (or) I’ll die if I don’t marry you. maas 1 adj. Old, matured (as of fruit), fully developed (as of a person or one’s mind). Bukun pa maas in

pikilan niya. His mind is not yet matured. n. An old person. Malata tuud in maas yan. That old woman is very garrulous. Cf.: laas. 2 n. Parents, one’s mother and father. Subay in anak magkahagad ha maas. Children must obey their parents. maasihat adj. (Of an act) immoral or unlawful. In magjina hinang maasihat. Adultery is an immoral act.    v. ag mag-. To do an unlawful or immoral act. Mangiꞌ in magmaasihat. It is wrong to do an immoral act. Cf. langgal2 2 machakaw (var. of matsakaw) n Hard toasted bread. madjilis n. The public, people in general. Subay hitanug ha madjilis in pagdatung sin pirisidinti. We should tell the public of the arrival of the president. Cf. mayran madmad adj. (Of the nose) flat. Madmad in ilung sin manga bisayaꞌ. Visayans have flat noses. SYN. punyaꞌ madtu (var. mattu) (see kadtu) To go to a place remote from speaker and hearer. mag- prefix pfx. The actor or agent focus affix which usu. indicates habitual, customary, or repeated action. māga n. The morning star. Pagkakitaan in māga dayn ha subangan. The morning star can be seen in the east. Cf. mūpu, takaw kapug magrib (gimb. magalib; magarib) 1 n. The fourth of the five prayers of the day (a little after sunset). Cf. subu1 1, luhul, asar, aysa 2 n. Dusk, twilight. Pagsūꞌ na kaw palitaan magrib na. Light the lamp, it’s dusk now. OV SYN. kūp 1 3 n. West (the direction). SYN. sadlupan *sadlup 2; Cf. maksinaꞌ, taksinaꞌ, subangan, masrik (See hangin for table.) magtawtayanak (see tawtayanak) n. Parents and children, an entire family. magtawtaymanghud (see tawtaymanghud) n. Members of the entire family. magtuy (from mag- + tuy) adv. Instantly, immediately, suddenly. Ayaw kaw magtuy magkahagad sin

bissara niya. Don’t believe right away in what he says. In tagnaꞌ naglangug, pagꞌubus magtuy siya timangis. First they joked with each other and then suddenly she cried. Bang mu matabuk in sulat ku sambaga magtuy. Answer me immediately upon your receiving my letter. Kari kaw magtuy bat mu siya abutan. Come immediately so you will overtake her. Cf. saruun-duun, hangkarayꞌ, sawnuꞌ magulang (from ma-₁ + gulang) n. An older sibling. Magulang ku hi Sahirun. Sahirun is my older sibling.    adj. kamagulangan Oldest (of a set of siblings). mahadjanaꞌ n. People from all walks of life, people (collectively). Nagpaguy in mahadjanaꞌ pa gimba saꞌbu sin sunug. The people fled to the interior during the fire. Cf. raayat, mayran madjilis mahakuttaꞌ 1 n. A crown. In mahakuttaꞌ sin Sultan tiyatawꞌ sin asawa niya huli. The Sultan’s crown is kept by his last wife. 2 n. The title of a sultan’s right-hand man. mahal-mahal adj. Strange, never before known or seen, unheard of; unusual or rare. Mahal-mahal in sapiꞌ unum in siki niya. A cow with six legs is unheard of. Mahal-mahal in bataꞌ-bataꞌ hipagꞌanak awn na ipun. It is unusual for babies to be born with a tooth. Cf. muskil, māhang mahalayak adj. Widely known. Mahalayak ha tau katān in pagsultan niya. His kingship is widely known.    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un, hi-. To make something widely known, announce (something to someone in order to make it widely known). Bang magkawin subay mahalayakun ha lawm kawman ha supaya matarrang. When there is a wedding it should be announced in the community so that it will be legal. Subay hipamahalayak ha tau katān in saraꞌ baꞌgu. The new laws must be made known to everybody. Cf. tanug 1, tanyag, bukag māhang (from ma-₁ + lahang) adv. Seldom, uncommon, rare, scarce, not frequently encountered. Māhang sila magkari. They seldom come. Cf. muskil mahapun (from ma-₁ + *hapun₂) n. Afternoon, the part of the day between high noon and evening. Mahapun na dimatung in istaꞌ piyabī niya. The fish which he sent to buy arrived in the afternoon.

   adv. rdp. Every afternoon. Cf. magrib 2, kūp 1 mahar (var. mahal) n. Money, gold, jewelry or some kind of collateral (given by a prospective bridegroom) in addition to the bride price (which gives him authority over his future children). Bang wayruun mahar mu diꞌ kaw makausba ha anak mu. If you don’t give the collateral in addition to the bride price you don’t have the authority over your children. Cf. basingan, ungsud1 Maharadja n. A title conferred by the Sultan upon various officials of his court during the days of the Tausug sultanate.{Often used with other titles as Maharadja Bangsawan, Maharadja Pahallawan, Maharadja Adinda, Maharadja Layla.} Piyatawag sin sultan in Maharadja. The sultan sent for the Maharadja.    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To act as this kind of official, confer this title. mahardikaꞌ adj. (Of a people or country) free. Mahardikaꞌ in hulaꞌ Pilipinas. The Philippines is free from foreign control.    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To be free, give freedom. Mahardikaun na sin sultan in manga īpun. The king will free the slaves.    n. kamahardikaan Freedom. Cf. limāya1 , luhaya mahartabbat (var. of martabbat) n Self-respect. Mahasari n. His Majesty or Grace (a title of address for the sultan of Sulu). Subay Mahasari atawa Ampun in pagtawag ha Sultan. One should address the Sultan as Mahasari or Ampun. Cf. Ampun Mahasussi adj. (Of God) pure, holy, laudable, praiseworthy. Mangandul kita pa Tuhan Mahasussi. We trust in the pure God. Cf. Mahatinggi Mahatinggi adj. (Of God) supreme, greatest. Mangayuꞌ kita tabang dayn ha Tuhan natuꞌ Mahatinggi. We will ask help from our Supreme God. mahi adv. Why. Mahi? Unu in maksud mu? Why? What is your purpose? Diꞌ ku kaingatan bang mahi siya marugal kākuꞌ. I don’t know why he is angry with me. Cf. maytaꞌ mahil v. ag mag-, mang-; goal -un. To train, drill (for physical or military training in a group as in

marching). Mahapun-mahapun mahilun in sundalu baꞌgu. The new soldiers drill every afternoon. mahinaat n. Morning, the early part of the day. In būk niya iyuliꞌ ku kaina mahinaat. I returned his book to him earlier this morning.    adv. rdp. Every morning. mahluk n. {Rare} A human being, mortal, person. In mahluk katān piyapanjari sin Tuhan. All mortals were created by God. SYN. tau 1, mānusiyaꞌ mahuli dayn duun (from huli) Afterwards, after that. In kabtangan mahuli dayn duun pagbissarahun ha hinapusan sin himumungan. The phrase after that is said at the last part of the message. mahumu1 (see mawmu) adv. Often, frequently, sometimes. mājung n. A game of Chinese origin, played usu. by four persons, by drawing, discarding and exchanging tiles that resemble dominoes.    v. ag mag-. To play this game. Diꞌ aku maingat magmājung. I don’t know how to play the Chinese game with tiles. makainihan (from maka- + *ini₂ + -an₁) v. To be enough or sufficient (for something or for a particular task). Diꞌ makainihan in sīn dīhil mu kākuꞌ. Kawhaan pilak in ubat. This money that you gave me is not enough. The medicine is twenty pesos. Cf. sarang *makbul v. act/ag mag-; pat -un. To fulfill or be fulfilled, realized, consummated. Magmakbul da ha susūngun in piyagmuhut-muhut natuꞌ. The things we’ve been striving for will soon be realized. Bang kita tau ādil makbulun sin Tuhan unu-unu in kabayaan ta. If we are righteous, God will fulfill whatever we want.    n. kamakbulan Fulfillment, realization, consummation. Wayruun kamakbulan sin miyaksud natuꞌ bang kitaniyu diꞌ maghambuuk. There will be no realization of our aims if we don’t unite ourselves. Cf. mumpaat makina n. An engine or motor, machine. Mataud makina pagtatahian ha Sūg. There are many sewing machines in Jolo.

Makka n. Mecca, the Holy City of Muslim pilgrims. The birthplace of Muhammad in Saudi Arabia. Nabī niya ha Makka in tasbi niya. He bought his prayer beads in Mecca. makru n. Something considered harmful (to the body by Muslim religious law when eaten or drunk, but not forbidden by Allah, as intoxicating drinks, the meat of certain animals not properly slaughtered like cow, chicken, goat, or mud crab). Makru in magkaun kulluꞌ. It’s considered something harmful to eat a mud crab. maksinaꞌ n. {Archaic} (The direction) north. Harap pa maksinaꞌ nagpamanhut in manga datuꞌ. The princes went hunting toward the north. Cf. taksinaꞌ, magrib 3, masrik, sadlupan *sadlup 2 (See hangin for table.) maksud n. Intention, purpose, aim. In maksud ku dāhun siya magbissara tampal. It’s my intention to talk plainly to her.    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To (go somewhere to) fulfill one’s purpose, intention, aim. Subay kita magmaksud madtu pa mayul pasal sin parkalaꞌ sin anak ta. We should go to the mayor to fulfill our intention regarding our child’s court case. Subay maksurun madtu pa Manilaꞌ in manga kakataskatasan mu. You will have to follow up your papers in Manila. Cf. gawi, niyat makusug (from ma-₁ + kusug) v. ag mag-. To work hard or use one’s influence, money, etc. (to help or hurt someone). Gubnul in magmakusug magdihil hinang kaymu. The governor will use his influence to give you a job. makut n. A large, black ant found underneath the ground. Cf. sanam, alanggaꞌ (See Appendix 4: Animals, Non-flying) malāikat n. An angel, servant of God, heavenly being. In manga malāikat daraakun sin Tuhan. Angels are the servants of God. Cf. biraddali malak 1 n. A woman of angelic beauty in oral literature, angel. Biyaꞌ malak in lingkat sin babai yaun. That lady has the beauty of an angel. Cf. biraddali, malāikat 2 n. (cap.) A feminine name.

malayngkan (var. mayngkan) rel. However, but, except, unless, only, moreover, even though. Diꞌ aku makaagad kaymu bihaun malayngkan bang dumatung hi inaꞌ murul mayan aku. I can’t go with you right now; however, if mother arrives I’ll just follow you. Cf. sagawaꞌ māligay 1 n. A (small) house-shaped receptacle containing confections and money (which is carried on the shoulders of two men in an Islamic Studies graduation procession or a wedding procession), miniature ceremonial palace. Subay awn māligay hirihil ha guru bang tumammat na dayn ha Kuraan. There should be a house-shaped receptacle containing confections and money to give to the religious teacher when one graduates from the Koranic reading. v. ag mag-. To make such a house-shaped receptacle (for someone). Sukat dayn ha kababaihan subay magmāligay. The bride’s family asked that a house-shaped receptacle containing confections and money be made. 2 n. (In oral literature) the place or tower of a princess. malikata n. Codified speech. Diꞌ aku makahāti sin malikata niya. I don’t understand his codified speech.    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To speak a codified form of speech (akin to pig latin in which the words are mixed or twisted in a regular manner in order to keep hidden from other people what has been spoken). Hangkatiyuꞌ in maingat magmalikata. Only a few know how to speak codified talk. Cf. aliyan malikid jabbal n. A guardian angel of hell. In tau patay, malikid jabbal in tagnaꞌ māk kaniya sumasat kaniya. The first one to meet a person who dies is the guardian angel of hell who tries to tempt him. Cf. mungkalun malim n. A guide, one who leads or directs. Malim in ha unahan sin nakuraꞌ niya. It’s the guide who goes before his leader. In malim amu in ha unahan tumudluꞌ sin piyagtatapukan sin mundu. The guide is the one who first points out the hiding place of the outlaws.    v. ag mag-; pat -un; ran -an. To guide, lead or direct (particularly to point the way to a place). Ikaw in magmalim pa piyagtatapukan sin mundu. You will be the one to guide us to the outlaw’s hideout. malita (Tag.) n. A valise, suitcase. In malita ku malingkat. My suitcase is pretty.    v. ag mag-. To use a suitcase. Diꞌ siya mabayaꞌ magmalita ha ini. She doesn’t want to use this suitcase. Cf. baul

maliyam n. {Rare} Weapons used for defense and attack (such as guns, bolos, and high powered artillery). Bihaun mataud na tuud maliyam ha kagimbahan. Now, there are so many weapons in the interior. Bang kaw maghulaꞌ ha gimba, subay awn maliyam mu. If you want to stay in the interior, you need to have weapons. SYN. sanjataꞌ maltabbat (var. of martabbat) n Self-respect. malul n. The sampaguita plant. In sumping malul, maputiꞌ iban mahamut. The sampaguita flower is white and fragrant. (See Appendix 5: Plants) mamaꞌ n. A prepared betel nut chew.{Consists of the shavings of the following: mature and immature areca palm nuts (pula₂ and bunga₁ respectively), moistened tobacco leaf (tabakuꞌ), resinous gum (tagambil), and powdered lime (bangkit) wrapped together in a betel pepper vine leaf (buyuꞌ).}    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To chew betel nut.{The chewer starts with a mixture of betel nut and lime wrapped in a betel nut leaf and then adds a tiny ball of compressed tobacco leaf which he rubs against his teeth.} Manga tau maas sadja in magmamaꞌ. Only the old people chew the betel nut chew. Bang kaw magmamaꞌ mitum in ipun mu. If you chew betel nut your teeth will become black. Cf. apil, apug 1    n. mamaan A container for the ingredients of the betel nut chew (often brass or bronze). Cf. apug 1 mamahaꞌnun (see pamahaꞌnun) v. To sneeze. mamarahi adj. Sufficient, enough; having or showing no desire for something more or different, satisfied. Mamarahi na kākuꞌ in altaꞌ ku. My wealth is enough for me. Mamarahi na bahaꞌ kaymu in kawhaan pilak? Is twenty pesos enough for you? Diꞌ aku mamarahi sin baytaꞌ niya subay ku pariksaun. I’m not satisfied with what he said, I’ll verify it myself. Cf. sarang mamhuꞌ v. ag mag-, mang-; ran -an. To give, do a favor or act of generosity; gain favor or bring oneself into another’s good graces, ingratiate. Marayaw pa magmamhuꞌ ha miskin dayn ha dayahan. It is better to do a favor for a poor man than a rich one. Cf. buddi    n. pamamhuꞌ A favor, act of generosity (usu. to gain another’s favor). Wayruun pamamhuꞌ nahinang niya kākuꞌ. She had done me no favor.

   adj. mamamhuꞌ Delighting in giving or doing a favor (for someone). In tau mamamhuꞌ mataud bagay niya. A person who delights in doing favors has lots of friends. mamis adj. (Of certain kinds of coconut or citrus) sweet. Malimuꞌ in tubig sin butung mamis. The water of the young sweet coconut is sweet. suwaꞌ mamis (comp.) adj. Sweet orange. mampallam n. A type of small mango. Limabay na in timpu mampallam. The season for small mangoes has passed. Mangifera indica (See Appendix 5: Plants) mamun (Tag.) n. A cake. Masarap in mamun ha tinda yaun. The cake in that store is delicious. Malimuꞌ tuud in mamun ini. This cake is very sweet. Cf. bangbang, tinapay    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To make a cake. Bī kaw pasulig, magmamun kita. Buy baking powder. We’ll make a cake.    v. pat -un. To use (flour) to make a cake. *mamus (gimb. *maꞌmus) (see *pamus) v. To wash (one’s or someone’s) face (with water). mān (var. of mayan) 1) rel (Marks an event as having previously occurred), when. 2) adv Specifically, just. 3) adv (Marks an event as to occur in the future), later on. mana n. Cinnamon, the inner aromatic bark of an East Indian tree. In mana hinangun ubat bang ha Sūg. Cinnamon is used as medicine on Jolo. Makauliꞌ sin paliꞌ ha lawm baran in mana. Cinnamon can heal internal injuries. managat (see *panagat) v. To hunt for shellfish, edible plants, or other edible animals at low tide. mananawal (see tawal) n. A medicine man or curer specializing in the use of esoteric-healing prayer. manas adj. Streaked, spotted (as of a domestic chicken). Manuk niya manas in piyanakbiꞌ kahapun. It was his spotted chicken that he entered in the cockfight yesterday. Cf. buttikan, lintikan, saluꞌ *manda v. ag mag-; goal -an. To command or order (someone to do something). Mandahi in manga daraakun maghinang. Command the servants to work. Cf. daak

mandangan 1 adj. (Of cows or carabao) adult male, bull. In nagpangasawa kaniya siyukatan lima sapiꞌ mandangan. The ones who asked for her in marriage are required to give five bull cows. 2 n. A leader, strongman. Hi Abdul in mandangan ha hulaꞌ nila. Abdul is the strongman in his community. v. ag mag-. To become the leader or strongman. Mabayaꞌ siya magmandangan dī ha hulaꞌ namuꞌ. He wants to become the strongman here in our community. mandiri n. Madre de cacao.{Often used for fencing since branches root easily and grow fast. Crushed leaves have a poisonous effect while the sap has medicinal properties.} (See Appendix 5: Plants) mandul n. A foreman. Bang walaꞌ duun in mandul diꞌ sila maghinang. If the foreman is absent they don’t work.    v. ag mag-; pat -un; ran -an. To act in the capacity of a foreman. Ayaw na kaw magmandul sin way kiyasayuhan mu. Don’t try to act like a foreman because you don’t know anything. Cf. kapatas manik 1 n. A bead. Nabugtuꞌ in manga manik sin tasbi niya. The beads of his prayer beads came apart. 2 n. A type of amulet in the form of a number of chained beads worn usu. around the waist making the wearer invulnerable. Cf. adjimat, habay-habay manis n. Beauty, charm (of the human face). Hikarihil manis kaniya in kandiis niya. Her dimples give her charm.    v. act/pat mag-. To make oneself beautiful. Amu da in kaingatan mu magmanis sadja. All you know how to do is make yourself beautiful.    adj. mamanis Charming, beautiful, lovely, fascinating, captivating. Mamanis tuud in dayang-dayang. The princess is very lovely. Cf. mairum *irum, lingkat manjari (from mang- + jari) adv. [Important in discourse structure, often introducing a change of topic. In narrative discourse, often introduces background information or marks a return to the event line.] Now then, so then, then. Yaun nagꞌiisun in manga nakuraꞌ. Manjari, naghiluhalaꞌ in manga tau ha guwaꞌ. The leaders were having a conference. Then the people outside went into an uproar. OV SYN. sakali, na2 1

manniꞌ n. Sperm, egg cell or ovum, reproductive secretions (of either male or female). In mānusiyaꞌ katān awn manniꞌ. Every human being has reproductive secretions. SYN. daging, janiit manta n. A full-size blanket.    v. AR ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To cover (someone) with a blanket. Mantahan ku siya bat diꞌ haggutun. I’ll cover her so that she won’t be cold. Cf. siub, habul mantayaꞌ n. A large (clay) water jar (with cover). Tawꞌ kaw tubig ha mantayaꞌ. Keep water in the large water jar. Cf. kibut, puga, bingkiꞌ mantaylukuꞌ n. Canvas material. Lawag kaw mantaylukuꞌ hipagꞌatup ta. Look for some canvas material to make a tarpaulin with. Cf. tulda mantiriꞌ (var. mantiliꞌ) n. A person whose father is a commoner but whose mother is a salip (a descendant of the prophet). Mantiriꞌ hi Saripul. Saripul is a mantiri. mantis n. A mustache at the sides of the mouth. Mahabaꞌ na in mantis niya. His mustache at the sides of his mouth is long already. Cf. pungut manuk 1 n. The domestic chicken. Mahalgaꞌ in manga manuk bihaun ha tabuꞌ. Chickens are expensive now at the market. n. manuk-manuk A bird, flying insect. (See Appendix 1: Birds and Flying Insects) 2 v. ag mag-; pat -un. [Does not occur with pa₂.] To induce (someone) to fight (with someone else), stir up, instigate. Manukun ta in duwa yaun bat makapagkālu. We will stir up those two so they will quarrel. OV SYN. *tukbuꞌ 1.2 mānusiyaꞌ n. A human being, mankind. In mānusiyaꞌ dī ha dunya awn sadja dusa. Humans here in the world have all sinned. Cf. tau 1, mahluk manussaꞌ-nussaꞌ (see panussaꞌ-nussaꞌ) v. To criticize (someone) destructively or hurtfully. manga 1 adv. Optional particle used to indicate plurals (with some nouns refers to that one and his associates or companions). Maunu-unu in manga anak asawa mu? How is your family? 2 adv. (With a numeral) approximately, more or less. Awn manga kayꞌman sundalu in miyatay ha

pagbunuan. There are more or less 50 soldiers who died in the encounter. mangga n. The common Cebu mango (yellow when ripe). Mangifera indica (See Appendix 5: Plants) manghud n. A younger sibling. Lima in manghud ku. I have five younger siblings.    adj. Younger (in age than someone else). Manghud siya dayn kākuꞌ. He is younger than I am. ANT. magulang gulang    v. goal -an. To have a younger sibling. Marayꞌ na hi Indaꞌ manghuran. The older sister will soon have a younger sibling. Pila in umul niya ampa siya miyanghuran? How old was she when the younger sibling was born?    n. kamanghuran The youngest child. Kamawmuhan in kamanghuran piyararakag sin inaꞌ atawa amaꞌ. Oftentimes the youngest child is pampered by the mother or father. SYN. kabungsuhan *bungsu, ikul mangingitaꞌ (from mang + CV rdp. + kitaꞌ) n. A fortune-teller, soothsayer, seer. In mangingitaꞌ yaun ha bāy namuꞌ bihaun. That fortune-teller is at our house now. Cf. kitaꞌ 2, putikaꞌ manyatakan adj. Apparent, evident, obvious, plain.    v. act/pat mag-. (For something) to become apparent or evident, manifest (itself). Diꞌ aku magkahagad bang diꞌ magmanyatakan. I won’t believe you unless it becomes evident. Cf. mattan mapalintungan adj. Stingy, counting the favors one has done. Mapalintungan tuud in tau yan bang sīn na in pagbissarahan. That man is very stingy when it comes to money. OV SYN. mabista *bista marat n. Opium. In marat landuꞌ makakangiꞌ baran sin tau. Opium is very destructive to a human body. marayꞌ (from ma-₁ + dayꞌ₁) adv. Probably, perhaps, maybe, possibly; soon, about to happen. Marayꞌ sila dumatung kunsūm. They’ll probably arrive tomorrow. Marayꞌ kaw katabangan niya. Perhaps she can help you. Marayꞌ na maawn in bunuꞌ. There will soon be a fight. Cf. kalu-kalu marayaw (from ma-₁ + dayaw) v. ag mag-; pat marayawn To get good (out of something), accept (something) as good. Nagmarayaw na kaw sin hinang sin tau dugaing. You became proud (lit. got good) out of the work of other people. Unu-unu na in bissara niya marayawn ku na sadja. Whatever he says I will accept it as good. Piyagmarayaw niya in sinapang sin bagay niya siyurindir pa parinta.

He used his friend’s rifle to his own advantage (lit. used it for good) by surrendering it to the government. *marihang v. pat ma-. [Does not occur with pa₂.] To die (derogatory, used of Chinese, non-Muslims or any bitter enemy of Muslims). Mataud namarihang manga Bisayaꞌ ha pagbunuan. Many Christians died in the encounter. OV SYN. patay 1, *lindung, *wapat marka (Tag.) n. A mark, seal. Subay awn marka sin bakul lima mu ha sayrulla. There should be a mark of your thumb on the residence certificate.    v. AR ag mag-; ran -an. To put a mark (on something). Magmarka kami sin manga sapiꞌ nabī namuꞌ. We will put a mark on the cow that we bought. Miyarkahan nila in kātas namuꞌ. They put a mark on our papers. SYN. tumbuk1 martabbat (var. mahartabbat; maltabbat) n. Self-respect. In tau way martabbat diꞌ pagꞌaddatan sin tau. A person who has no self-respect will not be respected by others. Cf. ginhawa 2 *maruhum v. pat ma-. [With pa₂, agent can only be God.] To die, (spoken of royalty only). Hi Sultan Kiram namaruhum sin timpu Kastilaꞌ. Sultan Kiram died during the Spanish period. SYN. *lindung; OV SYN. patay 1, *wapat, *marihang masa n. Period, time, era, epoch, age. In sultan ha Sūg ha masa yadtu awn bahagiꞌ niya sin Borneo. The king of Jolo in that past era had a part interest in Borneo.    v. ran ka-…-an. To witness (something that happened in a certain period, time, era, epoch). Kiyamasahan niya in pagbunuꞌ sin Kastilaꞌ ha Lupaꞌ Sūg. He witnessed the battles during the Spanish period in Jolo. SYN. jaman; Cf. timpu 1.1, waktu masaalla n. Metaphorical speech (using words to indicate something different from the literal meaning), proverb.{Examples of masaalla are: Wayruun asu bang way kayu. There’s no effect without some cause (lit. There’s no smoke when there’s no fire). In ullang natutūg marā sin sūg. Watch out or you’ll come to harm (lit. A sleeping shrimp will be carried away by the current).} In masaalla awn malawm maana niya. A metaphor has a deep meaning.    v. ag mag-. To use metaphorical speech or proverbs. Diꞌ kami makahati bang kaw magmasaalla. We can’t understand if you use metaphorical speech. Cf. aliyan, daman, dalil

masi adv. Still, yet, continually. Masi mahaggut adlaw yan. It’s still cold today. masjid n. A mosque. Bukun da wajib ha manga budjang in magsambahayang ha masjid. It’s not necessary for unmarried girls to pray at the mosque. Cf. langgal1 Masjidil Aksa n. The mosque built on the temple area in Jerusalem, the holy place in Jerusalem. Cf. Kaaba, Masjidil Haram Masjidil Haram n. The name of the mosque in Mecca, Mecca as a holy place (prayers rendered in this mosque are considered meritorious). Cf. Kaaba, Masjidil Aksa masrik n. {Archaic} (The direction) east. In masrik amu in guwaan sin suga. The sun rises in the east. SYN. subangan; Cf. taksinaꞌ, maksinaꞌ, sadlupan *sadlup 2, magrib 3 (See hangin for table.) mastal (var. masdal) n. (A secular) teacher.    v. ag mag-. To teach (in a school), to be a teacher. Mabayaꞌ aku magmastal ha manga bataꞌ-bataꞌ. I would like to teach children. Cf. guru, hinduꞌ māsu n. A sledgehammer. Cf. tukul masuhul (var. masūl) adv. At times, sometimes, occasionally. Masuhul magkari siya. He comes here occasionally. Masuhul tungaꞌ dūm na siya magꞌuwiꞌ. Sometimes he comes home late at night. mata 1.1 n. Eye (as an organ of sight). v. exp ka-…-an. [Does not occur with pa₂.] To see with the eyes. Subay mu na kamatahan in hinang niya ampa mu pagꞌamahan. You should see his work with your own eyes before becoming angry with him. 1.2 n. mata-mata A spy. Mata-mata siya sin parinta. He is a government spy. Cf. malim 2 n. Anything circular in shape that is essential to that in which it is contained (as a burner of a stove, the heart of a boil). Pila in kiyabī mu sin dapulan mu duwa mata? How much did you buy your twoburner stove for? 3 n. The holes of a sieve. ikug mata (comp.) n. The outer eyelid.

piluk mata (comp.) n. Eyelash. putiꞌ mata1 (comp.) n. The white of the eye. samin mata (comp.) n. Spectacles, eyeglasses. takulaub mata (comp.) n. The socket in which the eyeball sits. upat mata (comp.) n. A person with eyeglasses. putiꞌ mata2 (idiom) n. A coward (lit. white eye). mata lambuꞌ n. A buttonhole. mata taynga 1 n. A representative. Siya in mata taynga sin sultan. He is the representative of the king. 2 n. The presence (of someone). Ayaw kaw magbichara mangiꞌ ha mata taynga sin manga bataꞌ. Don’t utter bad words in the presence of children. Cf. alupan alup 1 mata-manuk n. An eyelet stitch. Maingat kaw maghinang mata-manuk? Do you know how to make an eyelet stitch?    v. ag mag-. To sew such a stitch (in a garment). Maingat kaw magmata-manuk? Do you know how to sew an eyelet stitch? Cf. bakiyaꞌ mataan n. A group of things having a common source or similar features, family group under one head. Pilangka-mataan in ha bāy yaun? How many families are there in that house? Hangka-mataan da kami. We are only one group. Cf. tumpuk mataas suga 1 n. The time of the day when the sun is high, midday. 2 adj. Late in the morning. Bangun kaw. Mataas suga na. Get up. It’s already late in the morning. matakaddam n. {Archaic} Parable, moral lesson. In kissa ini hambuuk matakaddam ha manga babai jahil. This story is a lesson to girls who flirt. Cf. pamintangan *bintang 2 *matay (from -um- + patay) v. ag mag-. To wail (as in mourning or lamentation). Minsan kaw magmatay diꞌ na siya mabuhiꞌ magbalik. Even if you wail he won’t be brought back to life. Cf. tangis, asang2 , *hukuꞌ-hukuꞌ, dangulngul matlaꞌ adj. Shiny, bright. In ilaw matlaꞌ ha sulgaꞌ way saliꞌ. The bright light that shines in heaven is incomparable.

   v. act/pat -um-. To shine or show light, become bright, irradiate; (for the sun) to rise. Subay na miyatlaꞌ in suga ampa sila dimatung. The sun should rise and then they will arrive. Cf. sahaya, siꞌnag 1 matsakaw (var. machakaw; muchakaw) n. Hard toasted bread (made from stale pieces of sliced pan de sal). In matsakaw kasūban sin tau gimba. The country people enjoy hard toasted bread. Cf. bangbang mattan adj. Evident, clear, true. Baytai aku sin mattan bat kaw diꞌ malapay. Tell me what is true (i.e., the truth) so you won’t be incriminated.    v. act/pat mag-; pat -un. To become evident, clear, obvious, plain. Subay na magmattan in hinang nila ampa kaw magtuntut. Don’t sue them till their activities become evident.    v. ran -an. To be discovered or found out (doing something bad). Bang kaw kamattanan sin dusa mu majīl kaw. If you are discovered to have done something wrong you’ll go to jail. Cf. bunnal, manyatakan mattu (var. of madtu) (see: kadtu) v To go to a place remote from both speaker and hearer. mawlud 1 n. The birthday celebration of the Prophet Muhammad (held during the third month, Rabiyul Awal).{An all-night ritual celebrated in different community mosques on differing nights during the month. It is marked by continuous reading in chanting style from the Koran on the part of the priests. The audience participates in a communal feast late in the night sharing food with one another.} v. ag mag-, -um-. To celebrate the Prophet’s birthday. Magmawlud sila ha hulaꞌ nila. They will celebrate the Prophet’s birthday in their place. 2 n. (cap.) The month of Rabiyul Awal. mawmaas (from Caw + maas) n. Parents; (close) older relatives (such as grandparents or uncles). Mawmaas ku in kiyarihan ku. It’s my older relatives that I’m living with. Cf. magtalianak talianak, usba-waris, maas 1 mawmu (var. mahumu2) adv. Often, frequently; sometimes. Mawmu siya magkari. He comes here often. OV SYN. masuhul; Cf. daran

mawn (see kawn) v. To go there (fairly close to the speaker). Cf. mari (with -um-); kari, madtu kadtu mawpakkat n. A general council meeting of all the people, an agreement made by such a council, a covenant made by all the people. Paawnun ta in mawpakkat bat way paglingugan. We will call a council of all the people so there will be no fight.    v. ag mag-; pat -un; goal pag-…-an. To reach a general agreement (by including all the people), make a covenant, agree unanimously. Subay magmawpakkat in katān nakuraꞌ sin kawman. All the leaders of the community must reach a general agreement. Pagmawpakkatan na sin manga kunsiyal in pagpatindug sin uspital. The councilors will unanimously agree on the construction of the hospital. Cf. isun mawt n. Death. Diyā siya sin mawt niya pa jambatan, na didtu na siya miyatay. His death took him to the wharf, and there he died. mayan (var. mān) 1 rel. (Marks an event as having previously occurred), when. Amu in pagtulak namuꞌ pa Sūg, masuuk mayan kami pa jambatan apit kami nalunud. About our trip to Jolo, when we were close to the pier we almost capsized. 2 adv. Specifically, just. Unu na mayan in liyalawag mu yan? Just what are you looking for? 3 adv. (Marks an event as to occur in the future) later on. Kari mayan kaw bang awn waktu mu. Come later on when you have time. Kari mayan kaw gana-gana. Just come later. bang mayan (comp.) adv. May it be, would that, I hope/wish that, if only. mayat n. A corpse, dead body of a person. Liguun na sin imam in mayat. The priest will wash the corpse. Cf. bangkay, patay 1 maylang n. Sulphur. Bī kaw maylang hipagꞌubat ta sin ugud mu. Buy sulphur to medicine your sores. maymuꞌ (see limuꞌ) adj. Sweet. *maymugmug v. ag mag-, mang-; ran -an. To rinse the mouth, gargle. Subay mamaymugmug bang baꞌgu batiꞌ sin mahinaat. One should rinse the mouth when one first wakens in the morning. SYN. gumgum mayn-mayn v. ag mag-, mang-; ran pag-…-an. To spend money or time wastefully (in order to gain

happiness), enjoy oneself (with someone). Magmayn-mayn sadja in hinang sin tau ini hangkan way kasūngan. This man is always wasting his money that is why he has no good future. Pagmaynmaynan ku sadja in babai ini. I will just enjoy myself with this woman (i.e., not marry her). mayngkan (var. of malayngkan) rel However, but, except, unless, only, moreover, even though. mayran n. Any public place, people in general, a conventional crowd. Ayaw mu aku pasipuga ha mayran. Don’t shame me in public.    v. ag mag-; pat -un. (To do something) in public. Mayranun ku in pagsampak sin bayhuꞌ niya. I will slap him in public. Cf. madjilis, raayat mayran madjilis n. The public, people in general (see madjilis). maysa n. Black pepper, white pepper (pungent ingredients for cooking food). Awn maysa niyu? Do you have black pepper?    v. AR ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To add pepper (to the cooking). Maysahi in sayul. Add pepper to the vegetables. mayt n. A dead body, dead person. Mahapun hikubul in mayt. The burial of the dead person will be this afternoon. SYN. mayat, bangkay maytaꞌ (from mahi + taꞌ) adv. Why? what for? (Unless softened by adding another word, usu. connotes disapproval.) Maytaꞌ kaw miyari? Why did you come? (You shouldn’t be here.) midyas n. (A pair of) socks. Bīhi siya midyas. Buy him socks.    v. AR ag mag-; ran -an. To wear or put on a pair of socks. Midyasi in siki mu bat diꞌ haggutun. Put socks on your feet so you’ll not get cold.    v. pat -un. To use (something) as socks. Midyasun ku na in midyas dīhil mu kākuꞌ. I’ll use the socks you give me as my socks. SYN. kalsitin Mikail 1 n. The angel Michael (who controls giving material blessings [lidjikiꞌ] to people). Cf. Jibrail 1 2 n. A masculine name. *milang (see pilang1) v. To sit cross-legged.

milik n. One who possesses the universe and everything in it. Tuhan in tagmilik sin katān alam. God is the possessor of the entire universe. Cf. tagdapu, tagmustahak *mustahak Milikan 1 n. An American. Milikan in nakarā sin pagꞌiskul pa Lupaꞌ Sūg. It was the Americans who brought schooling to Jolo. v. ag mag-; pat -un. To speak English. Milikanun ku na sadja in pagbissara ku sabab makahāti da kamu katān. I will just make my speech English because you can all understand. Cf.: Anggalis. 2 n. A Caucasian. millat n. A sanctuary. Simambahayang hi Nabi Muhammad ha millat sin Nabi Ibrahim. Prophet Muhammad prayed in the sanctuary of Prophet Abraham. mimbal n. A pulpit in a mosque (also pamimbalan, paimbalan).{The place where the imam stands who leads the prayer. Sometimes a niche in the wall of the mosque.} In pamimbalan ha lawm masjid subay ha unahan sin jamaa. The pulpit in a mosque should be in front of the congregation. Subay harap pa Makka in paimbalan. The pulpit should face towards Mecca. minsan rel. Although, even if, no matter (what or who). Namī siya minsan niya diꞌ kagunahan. She purchased although she doesn’t have a need. Minsan kaw diꞌ na mari kunsūm. Even if you don’t (i.e., you don’t have to) come tomorrow. Diꞌ aku mabugaꞌ minsan hisiyu. I’m not afraid no matter who it is. Minsan pila makajari. Any amount will do. Diꞌ aku masusa minsan kaw diꞌ magad. I don’t care even if you don’t go with me. Minsan unu in bissarahun mu diꞌ aku magkahagad. I don’t believe you no matter what you say. *minsan v. pat -un. To do (something) at one sitting. Minsanun ku sadja in paglapa bang biyaꞌ da hān in lagguꞌ-lagguꞌ. I will do all the grass-cutting at once if it’s only a little bit like that.    adv. makaminsan One time, one time only, once. Makaminsan da sila magkaun hangka adlaw. They eat only once a day. Makaminsan pa! Once more, please! Makaminsan dakuman aku tumabang kaymu. I’ll help you only one more time.    adv. magminsan At one time, in one act or session, at one sitting. Magminsan sadja kita bang magkālu. If we quarrel let’s (finish it) at one sitting (i.e., one of the two will kill the other).

*minta v. rdp. ag mang-. To wish (for something), beseech or implore for God’s help. Maminta-minta kita bang mān way da mangiꞌ dumatung kanila. Let’s wish that nothing unpleasant will happen to them. Kiyugdan man sila hunus naminta-minta na in tuwan imam. When they were hit by the typhoon the priest started to ask for divine help. Cf. pangayuꞌ minyak kapa n. Mentholated oil (a type of medicine which usu. comes from Malaysia. It has a hot and cold sensation). Butangi in tiyan mu minyak kapa bang masakit. You apply mentholated oil if your stomach is painful. misal n. The comb (of a cock, without notches). Pula in misal sin manuk usug. The comb of a rooster is red. misay n. A mustache. Aturun pa kaw marayaw bang wayruun misay mu. You look better if you don’t have a mustache. Magdagbus kaw kuting bang awn misay mu. You look like a cat if you have a mustache.    v. AR ag mag-; ran -an. To grow a mustache, make a (mock) mustache on (someone). Ayaw na kaw magmisay bang diꞌ da hikarayaw sin dagbus mu. Don’t grow a mustache if it doesn’t look good on you. Misayan ta in bata-bata ini bat diꞌ kakilahan. We will make a mustache on this child so he will not be recognized. Cf. pungut Misir n. Egypt. Bangsa Muslimin da isab in tau Misir. Egyptians are also Muslim people. miskin adj. Poor, indigent. Miskin siya hangkan diꞌ makagaus sin ungsud. He is poor. That’s why he can’t afford the dowry.    vi. pat ma-, magka-. To become financially poor. Bang kaw mamiskin maway na in kampung mu. Once you become poor you’ll lose your relatives.    vt. pat -un. To make (something) poor. Miskinun sin sundalu in parinta magbī pungluꞌ, pasal minsan way pagbunuꞌ magtimbak sadja sila. The soldiers are making the government poor buying bullets, because even though there’s no war they’re always shooting. misraꞌ v. ag mag-; pat -un. {Archaic} To mix, blend, unite. Diꞌ magmisraꞌ in tubig iban lana. Water and oil don’t mix. Misraun in tirigu iban panggiꞌ supaya bukun mataud gastu bang maghinang tinapay. Wheat flour and cassava are mixed so there won’t be many expenses when making bread. Cf. lamugay

1 mistang n. Gruel, a thin, easily digested rice porridge usu. fed to infants or the sick. In mistang matubig dayn ha biyugbug. Rice gruel is more watery than rice porridge.    v. CH 1 ag mag-; pat -un. To make such a gruel. Mistanga in bugas yan. Make gruel from that rice. Cf. bugbug mistar n. A line, ruled line, line of printing or writing. mital (gimb. mitā) n. Anything made of tin or other flexible metal (such as GI roofing or a tin can). Luun kaw tubig ha mital. Put water in the tin can. Cf. basiꞌ mitru n. A meter. (See sukud1 for table.) mu pron. (Second person sg. non-topic actor, causer and/or poss. pronoun) you, your. Bayaran mu aku bihaun. Will you pay me now? Pila in sīn mu? How much is your money? *muꞌdas (gimb. equiv. of bulaꞌdas) v To become pale (as from fear or sickness). muꞌjijat n. An inexplicable phenomenon, mystery; supernatural power (given by God esp. to the prophets), miraculous power. In muꞌjijat hi Nabi Isa buhiun niya in patay. The miraculous power of the Prophet Jesus was that he caused the dead to live again. Cf. karamat, barakat muꞌmin n. The dead. Subay paduwaahan in manga muꞌmin bat kitaniyu diꞌ sagdahun. We should offer prayers for the dead so we won’t be corrected/harmed by them. Cf. patay 1, mayat muꞌmuꞌ v. ag -um-; pat hi-. (For a person’s face, forehead, etc.) to strike against (the ground or a surface, as after a fall). Himuꞌmuꞌ ku sa yan in bayhuꞌ mu pa pisak. I’ll strike your face against the mud. muchaꞌ (gimb. equiv. of mussaꞌ) n A pearl. muchakaw (var. of matsakaw) n Hard toasted bread. mud n. Tangible evidence or symbol of repentance (in the form of rice in a bowl or water in a glass). Subay awn mud bang magduwaa tawbat. There should be a tangible evidence of repentance when performing the ceremony of repentance.

muddal n. Capital, stock (as in business). In muddal ku limangaibu. My capital is five thousand.    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To provide (someone) with goods (to sell). Hisiyu in magmuddal kaymu? Who is going to provide you with goods? Muddalun ku na in agal-agal ini pa Singgapura. I’ll make this seaweed my goods (to sell) in Singapore. Muddalan aku sin bagay ku lannang. My Chinese friend will supply me with goods. Cf. dagangan dagang 1, barang, puun 2 muhak n. A weight used in weighing pearls. Muhammad 1 n. Muhammad (the Arab prophet to whom the Koran was revealed and who is considered the founder of Islam). 2 n. A male personal name. Muharram n. The first month of the Muslim calendar, having thirty days. Bulan Muharram in datung sin manga naghadjiꞌ. The first month of the year is when the pilgrims come back from Mecca. (See bulan for table.) muhut v. ag mag-; pat -un. To intend, desire strongly, pursue a goal. Muhut kaw mabayaꞌ magad maytaꞌ kaw walaꞌ namaytaꞌ? Why didn’t you say that you intend to come with us? Unu in muhutun mu madtu bang wayruun da gawi mu? What do you intend to go there for if you have no purpose? Nagmuhutmuhut aku miyari ampa kita magkitaꞌ. I strongly desired to come so we could see each other. Cf. angut, bayaꞌ 1, maksud mukaliꞌ 1 n. A Muslim priest. In tau yan mukaliꞌ sin langgal. That man is the priest of the mosque. Cf. imam, pakil 2 n. One whose religious knowledge comes from meditation on esoteric knowledge rather than studying the Koran. mukkus n. The penis when it will not erect. mula n. Injury, damage, harm, loss, impairment.    vt. ag maka-; pat -un. [Agent is focused only with maka-.] To injure, harm, damage, impair (something). Subay diꞌ mulahun in tau way dusa. We should not harm an innocent fellow.    vi. act/pat mag-. To be or become injured, harmed, damaged, impaired. Magmula in hinang bang mīg

in manga naghihinang. The work will be impaired if the workers leave. Bayaran ku in unu-unu nagmula dī. I’ll pay for anything thas was damaged here.    adj. makamula Harmful, injurious, endangering. Makamula ha baran in magꞌinum alak daran. Continually drinking liquor is harmful to one’s health. Cf. kangiꞌ derv. ngiꞌ mulakab adj. Having an excessive desire to possess all material things, extremely greedy. Mulakab in napsu sin tau ini magꞌaltaꞌ. This fellow is extremely greedy to accumulate wealth.    n. kamulakaban The excessive desire to possess all material things or luxuries, greed for possessions. Nakalanduꞌ in kamulakaban sin napsu mu. Your greed for possessions is great. Cf. napsu mulārat adj. Injurious, harmful, offensive. Ayaw magbichara sin unu-unu mulārat ha pagkahi mu. Don’t say anything offensive to your fellowmen. Cf. mula mulid (var. murid) n. A pupil, disciple, follower of a teacher. Mahapal mangadjiꞌ in manga mulid niya. His pupils are fluent readers of the Koran. mulkaꞌ 1 n. Wrath, intense anger (of a datu, king, or God). In mulkaꞌ sin Tuhan bang kumugdan pa mānusiyaꞌ magkangiꞌ-ngiꞌ. If God’s wrath falls upon men it will destroy them. v. ran -an. To incur the wrath (of a datu, king, or God). Pagmulkaan da sa kān sin Tuhan. May you incur the wrath of God. 2 v. ag mag-. To become intensely angry, wrathfully bitter with (someone). Magmulkaꞌ tuud in asawa niya bang makāꞌ in sīn ha bangku. His wife will be very angry if he gets the money from the bank. Cf. dugal mulliya adj. Holy, consecrated, special. Jumaat in adlaw mulliya sin manga Muslim. Friday is the holy day of Muslims.    n. kamulliyahan Holiness, veneration, blessedness. Awn kamulliyahan ha adlaw mahuli. There will be blessedness in the afterworld.    v. pat -un. [Does not occur with pa₂.] To consecrate or make (something) holy, venerate, make (something) special. Mulliyahun sin Tuhan in adlaw sin kamatay taniyu bang kita mangandul kaniya. God will make the day of our death a special day if we trust in him. Cf. kuddus mulsiku (gimb. musiku) n. An orchestra, band, group of musicians with instruments.

   v. ag mag-; ran/ben -an. To play instruments. Bang magtiyaun subay pagmulsikuhan. When there’s a wedding instruments should be played. multa n. A fine, penalty for civil offenses or for late payment of a fee or bill. Pila in multa kaymu bang kaw diꞌ makabayad iskul adlaw ini? How much is your fine if you cannot pay your tuition fees today?    v. ag mag-; ran -an. To pay a fine or be fined. Multahan siya sin saraꞌ bang diꞌ niya tiyaunan in budjang. He will be fined by the law if he doesn’t marry that girl. Ayaw kaw maglabay dayn duun bat kaw diꞌ kamultahan. Don’t cross there or you will be fined. Cf. sāꞌ 1.2 mumpaat n. Good result, benefit, profit. Wayruun mumpaat sin hinang sin tau lisuan. The work of a lazy man yields no good results.    v. act/ag mag-; pat -un. [Agent can only be God.] To yield good results, be fruitful, successful, profitable; realize one’s dream. Kalu-kalu magmumpaat in pagꞌusaha-usaha niya. Maybe his business venture will be a fruitful one. Bang mabuntul in itikad ta, mumpaatun sin Tuhan in katān pagꞌusaha ta. If we are righteous, God will make all our work (for a livelihood) successful. Cf. pūs, pāidda, guna, untung mumud n. Prepuce, foreskin. mumus 1 v. ag mag-, mang-; pat -un. To get (something) ready, arrange, prepare, put away or keep (something) in an orderly manner, pack (belongings for a trip), clear away (dishes from a table). Mumusa in tamungun mu bat diꞌ malawaꞌ. Keep your clothes well so they won’t get lost. Namumus mu na in kapanyapan mu? Did you arrange all your property? Mumusa in manga lāy iban basu ha lamisahan. Clear away the plates and glasses from the table. Mumusa marayaw in manga badjuꞌ mu. Arrange your clothes properly. Cf. saddiya, sakap 2 v. pat -un. To die, be taken home (by God). Bang maabut na in waktu ta, tantu tuud mumusun da kita sin Tuhan. When our time comes, we will certainly be taken home by God. munapik n. A hypocrite, someone who pretends to be religious but actually is neglecting his religious obligations. In tau munapik diꞌ makasūd sulgaꞌ. A hypocrite will not enter heaven. munari n. A king’s messenger, herald, foreman. In munari sin Sultan nagmanda ha manga tindug niya. The herald of the king is the one who commands his subjects. Cf. panakawan

mundal-mandil v. pat magka-. (For people) to change residence (after a short time, for things) to be unstable. Nagkamundal-mandil na in manga magtalianak. The family has again transferred residence. mundaris n. {Rare} A teacher. Bang kaw mabayaꞌ umingat sin unu-unu, marayaw tuud bang awn mundaris. If you want to learn anything, it is very good if you have a teacher. Cf. guru, mastal mundu n. An outlaw, robber, bandit. In kamatauran sin tindug niya mundu. Most of his followers are outlaws.    v. ag mag-, mang-. To become an outlaw, bandit. Mabayaꞌ pa sila magmundu dayn sin jīlun sin way dusa nila. They would rather become outlaws than to be jailed when they have no fault.    v. ran -an. To be raided or plundered by outlaws, bandits. Subay butangan sundalu in kawman ini bat diꞌ kamunduhan. Soldiers should be put in this area so that it won’t be raided by outlaws. mungkalun n. One of the questioners of the dead (who asks the dead person who his God is, about the Holy Koran, and everything about the way to Allah).{The purpose of the questioning is to determine if the person has been doing his religious obligations (ammal ibādat) while he was on earth. If the dead person can’t answer any of the questions the mungkal will strike him with a red hot iron bar and if he can’t bear the punishment then he will return to the earth as a ghost (lutaw).} Cf. malikid jabbal, nakir *mungkil v. ag mag-; pat -un. {Archaic} To repudiate or deny (something), break a promise; resist, oppose, defy authority. In magmungkil sin ubus piyagsapahan pagmulkaan sin Tuhan. A person who breaks a promise after swearing will incur God’s wrath. Asal kami magmungkil bang kami diꞌ kasulutan sin saraꞌ. We will always resist if we are not pleased by the laws. OV SYN. *mupārik mungkul adj. (Of fruit) half-ripe. In mampallam ini mungkul. This mango is half-ripe. Cf. hinug 1 *mūngmūng (see pamūngmūng) v. To scold (someone) sharply. munyikaꞌ n. A doll. SYN. datuꞌ-datuꞌ *mupārik v. ag mag-; pat -un. To resist, rebel, go against the will (of parents or of a group). Magmupārik dayn ha maas bukun marayaw. It’s not good to go against the will of our parents. OV SYN. *mungkil;

Cf. *saggaꞌ mūpu n. The evening star. Kakitaan in mūpu bang sumadlup na in suga. One can see the evening star when the sun sets. SYN. takaw kapug; Cf. māga mura v. ag mag-; pat/inst hipag-; goal/ben -an. To give (something) away (to someone), donate (something to someone). Magmura sadja siya bang awn usaha niya. He gives away (money) when he has money (lit. livelihood.). Hipagmura niya pa manga miskin in bīhan sin lahing niya. He will give the proceeds of his coconuts to the poor.    adj. mamura Always giving (things or money) away, generous in giving to those in need, charitable. OV SYN. sarakka mura-murahan adv. To hope that there will be no obstacles, so be it, hopefully, I hope. Mura-murahan dumatung siya lisag unum kunsūm mahinaat. I hope she’ll arrive by six o’clock tomorrow.    adj. Not attended by any obstacles, successful. Bang mān mura-murahan in pagtulak mu kunsūm. May your trip tomorrow be successful. mural adj. (Of an edible animal) having died without being slaughtered (therefore taboo and cannot be eaten). Bukun harus kaunun sin Muslim in sapiꞌ mural. A cow which has died without being slaughtered is not an allowable food for a Muslim. Cf. halal murid (var. of mulid) n A pupil, disciple, follower of a teacher. murtad adj. Faithless, wishy-washy, vacillating, profane (of someone who thinks of his religious duties as something useless, even though he may perform them). In tau murtad kulang in parachaya niya pa Tuhan. A profane person lacks trust in God. musapil n. A person from another place who has lost all his money and has nothing.{He must depend on the goodwill of his neighbors because he has no relatives in the place he now lives.} In tau musapil tūp tabangun. A person from another place who has nothing deserves to be helped. musība n. A natural calamity, disaster, catastrophe. In musība pagꞌiyanun ini amuna in manga hunus, gutum iban linug dakulaꞌ. Typhoons, famines and violent earthquakes are referred to as natural calamities. OV SYN. balaꞌ

musiku (gimb. equiv. of mulsiku) v An orchestra, band, group of musicians with instruments. musil n. A high-powered rifle, Springfield rifle. Musil in nākugdan kaniya. It was a high-powered rifle that hit him. Cf. sinapang musim n. Season (referring to long periods of time), era, time of. Kuꞌnu in musim sin bungang kahuy ha Sūg? When is the fruit season in Jolo?    v. ag mag-. (For fruits, fish, seafoods) to come at certain seasons, be seasonal. Magmusim in pagbunga sin dūyan. The bearing of durian fruit is seasonal. SYN. timpu 1.1 musing n. Dirt (embedded on the face, esp. of a child). Lanui kunuꞌ in musing ha bayhuꞌ hi Utuꞌ. Please clean the dirt on the face of Sonny.    v. ag mag-. (For the face) to become dirty. Magmusing in bayhuꞌ sin bataꞌ-bataꞌ bang in inaꞌ niya lisuan. A child’s face becomes dirty if its mother is lazy.    adj. musingan (Of a child) having lots of dirt embedded on the face. Musingan in bataꞌ yan, paꞌmusi. That child has lots of dirt embedded on his face, wash his face. muskil adj. [Sometimes rdp.] Unusual, uncommon, extraordinary. Piyagꞌanak muskil-muskil hi Isa Almasi. Jesus Christ was born in an unusual manner. Hi Jose Rizal hambuuk tau muskil. Jose Rizal was an unusual man. Cf. mahal-mahal muskitiru (var. mustikiru) (Tag.) n. A fine net-like covering for protection against mosquitoes, mosquito net. Sūd kaw pa muskitiru bat kaw diꞌ kutkutun sin hilam. Come inside the mosquito net so that you will not be bitten by mosquitoes. Maytaꞌ mataud buslut sin muskitiru ini? Why does this mosquito net have lots of holes?    v. ag mag-; ran -an. To use a mosguito net. Muskitiruhan ku hi Utuꞌ, mahilam tuud. I’ll put a mosguito net around Sonny, there are lots of mosquitoes. OV SYN. kulambuꞌ Muslim n. A person professing the faith of Islam. In Muslim sabunnal subay malasa ha pagkahi niya. A true Muslim should love his fellow human beings. Cf. Almasihin Almasi, Yahudi mussaꞌ (gimb. muchaꞌ) 1 n. A pearl. In palmata mussaꞌ sin singsing niya dakulaꞌ. The pearl setting of her ring is big.

v. AR ag mag-; pat -un; ran -an. To wear pearls, set (jewelry) with pearls. Miyussaan niya in gantung liug niya. She put pearls in her necklace. adj. miyussaan Set with pearls. Miyussaan in gallang niya. Her bracelet is set with pearls. 2 n. (cap.) A feminine name. mussak-massik n. Miscellaneous things, small miscellaneous objects. Mamī kita sin mussak-massik kagunahan ha bāy. We’ll buy the miscellaneous things we need at home. Cf. babarāpa *mustahak n. tagmustahak Ultimate or lawful proprietor, owner, rightful possessor. Hisiyu in tagmustahak sin lupaꞌ ini? Who is the owner of this piece of land? Maas sin bataꞌ in tagmustahak kaniya. A child’s parents are the ones who rightfully possess him. Cf. tagdapu mustahil adj. Impossible, preposterous, absurd. Mustahil kātuꞌ in madtu pa bulan. It’s impossible for us to go to the moon. mustajab adj. Having come true, happened, will come true or happen in the future (as of a dream, wish, curse). Mustajab in tagainup niya nasunug in Lupaꞌ Sūg. His dream that Jolo was burned came true.    v. act/ag mag-; pat -un. [Agent can only be God.] To come true, occur, happen; fulfill (something). Kalu-kalu magmustajab in piyangayuꞌ-ngayuꞌ mu. Maybe your wish will come true. Mustajabun sin Tuhan in kabayaan ta bang tulus ihilas in pagpangayuꞌ ta kaniya. God will fulfill our desires if our prayer to him is fervent. Cf. kabbul *mutak v. ag ma-. [Stem undetermined.] To appear suddenly (esp. through supernatural or magical power). Paglingiꞌ niya, yaun na namutak in biraddali. As he looked over his shoulder, the skymaiden appeared suddenly. Cf. datung 1 mutallak adv. Most, totally (used in swearing or affirming the truth of one’s words. Refers to things regarded as the most dirty, as of human waste or animal’s dung. Always preceded by haram, ‘unclean’).{Pork (forbidden by Islam) is not considered haram mutallak but haram makru.} Haram mutallak in tayꞌ iruꞌ. Dog dung is most unclean. Haram mutallak bang aku nakakawaꞌ sin sīn mu. Damn, I didn’t take your money. muwallam n. The highest religious title of priests, more commonly used during the time of the sultanate.

In muwallam amu in mataas dayn ha imam. The muwallam is the highest of the priests. Cf. imam, bilal, hatib

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n na1 adv. (Signals the arrival of the time of an expected event or the attainment of an expected state) now, (signals the occurrence of an event or the attainment of a state sooner than expected) already. (Often best not translated). Ubus na aku kimaun. I have already finished eating. na2 1 intj. Well! Now! (usu. used at the beginning of a sentence). Na, maunu-unu in hinang mu? Well, how’s your work? 2 intj. All right (then), okay (then) (calls attention to a point of contention or incites a person to do something). Na, magꞌunu na kitaniyu? All right then, what shall we do? Na, kitaun ta bang mu yan mahinang. Okay, let’s see if you can do it. Na, kadtui, lubak kaw. All right, just try hitting me.

nabi n. One who received a revelation (parman) from God, a prophet. Bang ha agama Islam hi Nabi Muhammad in katapusan nabi. According to the Islamic religion Prophet Muhammad is the last prophet. Cf. rasul nadjis n. {Euph.} Dirt, filth, excretion. In nadjis sin bataꞌ yan matubig. The bowel movement of that child is watery. Cf. tayꞌ nag- prefix pfx. Begun aspect form of mag-. naga n. A dragon. In naga magpangaun tau. A dragon swallows people. nahas adj. Very unlucky (a stronger word than bulsit), unfortunate. Nahas in kapanaw niya. His journey was very unlucky. Cf. bulsit nahut n. Slenderness. Biyaꞌ diin in nahut sin hawakan niya? How slender is her waist?    adj. manahut Small, tiny, minute, microscopic; (of one’s figure) slender. Manahut in jawm piyanugsuk. The hypodermic needle is small.    vi. ST pat -um-. To become slender, smaller. In tau matambuk mabayaꞌ numahut. A stout person wants to become slender.    vt. ran -an. To make (something) narrower, thinner. Nahutan ku in dawat sin pinsil ini. I’ll make the lead of this pencil thinner. Cf. asibiꞌ, anak-anak, nikiꞌ-nikiꞌ najal n. A pledge or promise (to do something if certain hopes or wishes are realized), oath, vow, wish. Awn najal ku bang kaulian in sakit sin anak ku. I’ve made a vow if my daughter recovers from her illness.    v. ag mag-. To pledge, promise or vow (to do something if certain hopes or wishes are realized). Mangiꞌ in magnajal ampa diꞌ da agarun. It’s bad to make a vow and not keep it. Cf. janjiꞌ Nakib n. The title of a minor civil official below a Maharadja. Hi Nakib Abdul diyaak sin Maharadja mamaluk pa Sultan. Nakib Abdul was asked by the Maharadja to appear before the Sultan. Cf. Ulangkayaꞌ, panglima, laksamana nakir n. One of the questioners of the dead (see mungkalun).

nakuraꞌ n. A chief, leader (esp. in a big group or organization). Hi Abdul in nakuraꞌ sin parhimpunan yan. Abdul is the leader of that organization.    v. ag mag-. To act in the capacity of a chief or leader, lead. Ikaw in magnakuraꞌ sin hinang. You lead (them) to do the work. Papagnakuraun sin sultan ha paghulaꞌ nila in tau dumaug ha paglumbaꞌ. The king will make the person who wins the race a leader in their community. nalkaꞌ (var. of narkaꞌ) n Hell. *nama v. ag mag-. To habitually brag about (and exaggerate) one’s love adventures. Wayruun na sa yan babai mayaꞌ kaymu bang kaw magnama sadja. No woman will ever like you if you keep on bragging of your amorous adventures.    adj. manama (Of a man) habitually bragging and telling (exaggerated and false accounts) of his love adventures with women. Marugal in manga babai ha usug manama. Women get angry with men who brag of their affairs. Cf. putingan puting, abbuhan/maabbu abbu 1 nanaꞌ n. Pus. Mataud nanaꞌ in gimuwaꞌ ha bawtut niya. There was much pus that came out of his boils.    adj. mananaꞌ Full of pus. Mananaꞌ tuud in manga ugud niya. His sores are full of pus.    v. act/pat mag-. To have or develop pus. Nagnanaꞌ in paliꞌ niya. His infected wound developed pus. nanaꞌ bawtut n. A person (esp. a child) who often or easily cries, crybaby. Ayaw kaw maglangug ha nanaꞌ bawtut. Don’t tease a crybaby. nanam 1 n. Taste, flavor (of food). Biyaꞌ diin in nanam sin sabaw yan? How does the soup taste? Way nanam sin sabaw ini. This soup has no flavor. v. inst hipagpa-. To give (something) more taste; Yari in bitsin hipagpananam mu sin sayul. Here’s the vetsin that you can use to give the vegetable more taste. Cf.: kinam 1. adj. mananam Tasty, flavorful. Mananam in sabaw ini. This soup is tasty. Cf.: lanab 1, sarap1 . 2 n. Experience, feeling. Biyaꞌ diin in nanam sin magkajīl? What is the feeling of being jailed like? (i.e., how does it feel to be jailed?). v. ag -um-; pat -un; ran ka-…-an. To sense, feel, or experience (something). Nakananam sila kabinasahan. They experienced affliction. Bang kaw baldusa tantu numanam kaw kasiksaan. If you’re a sinner surely you will feel punishment. Kiyananaman ku in pagtahiꞌ sin paliꞌ ku. I felt (the

pain) as my wound was sutured. Unu in niyanam mu? What do you feel? Kiyananaman mu ka in paglinug? Did you feel the earthquake? Bihaun hipananam ku kaymu in parasahan sin hīnang mu kākuꞌ. Now I’ll let you feel the torment you’ve done to me. SPEC.: kitaꞌ 1, dungug, nanam 1, hamut; OV SYN.: ingat. napaka n. Daily subsistence (of a family). Subay parulihun ta in napaka sin anak asawa natuꞌ. We should give attention to the daily subsistence of our families.    v. ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To provide daily subsistence (for someone). Subay kita magnapaka ha anak asawa ta. We have to provide daily subsistence for our wives and children. Cf. gastu napas n. Breath. In napas niya mabahuꞌ. He has bad breath.    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To breathe. Diꞌ aku makanapas marayaw. I can’t breathe well. mugtuꞌ/mabugtuꞌ in napas (idiom) v. To die (lit. for the breath to snap. See bugtuꞌ 3). Nabugtuꞌ in napas niya. He died (lit. his breath snapped). *napi v. ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To take precautionary measures, avoid, be cautious. Subay ta napihan in duwa magtiyaun bat diꞌ makapagbugit. We should take precautionary measures with the married couple so they won’t divorce. Cf. halliꞌ 1 napsu n. Appetite, desire, covetousness (esp. for material possessions). In napsu mu magꞌaltaꞌ amura in makamula kaymu. Your desire for more wealth will eventually destroy you.    v. ag mag-, -um-. To have such a desire. Ayaw kaw numapsu sin altaꞌ sin kaibanan mu. Don’t covet your fellowman’s wealth.    adj. napsuhan Covetous. Napsuhan in tau ini minsan dīdihilan na mangayuꞌ pa. This man is covetous; he continues to ask even when he is already given. Cf. bayaꞌ 1, mulakab narkaꞌ (var. nalkaꞌ) n. Hell.    v. pat ma-. To go to hell. Manarkaꞌ kaw bang kaw diꞌ ampunun sin Tuhan. You’ll go to hell if God doesn’t forgive you. ANT. sulgaꞌ; Cf. jahannam 1 nasihat n. Religious teaching, moral teaching, sermon, religious advice, counsel. Subay kita magkahagad sin nasihat sin maas. We have to obey the religious advice of our parents.    v. ag mag-; pat -un, hi-; goal -an. To advise, counsel, preach a sermon. Nagnasihat in imam ha

masjid. The imam preached a sermon in the mosque. Nasihatan ta in manga tau ha masjid. We will preach to the people in the mosque. Cf. hinduꞌ, hutbaꞌ, panduꞌ natuꞌ pron. [Perhaps not as emphatically plural as the forms taniyu and natuꞌniyu.] (Speaker-hearer sg. and pl. non-topic actor/causer and poss. pronoun) we, us, our. natuꞌniyu pron. (Speaker-hearer pl. non-topic actor/causer and poss. pronoun) we, us, our. Hinagun natuꞌniyu in karayawan pa parinta natuꞌ. Let us do what is good for our government. Subay natuꞌniyu kalasahan in maas natuꞌ. We should love our parents. OV SYN. natuꞌ naug 1.1 v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To go down (as a ladder or stair), dismount (as from a horse, vehicle), alight; go down to get (something). Naug kaw dayn ha bāy yan. Come down from that house. Nakanaug na siya dayn ha tarak. He just alighted from the truck. Cf. babaꞌ 1 1.2 v. act/pat unaffixed pat pa-…-un. (For laws, messages, etc.) to go forth, be given out publicly or officially. In pahāti ini naug dayn ha upis sin mayul. This notice comes from the mayor’s office. Piyanaug sin Tuhan in parman niya dayn ha manga nabi. God sent forth His commandments through the prophets. 2 v. ag magpa-; pat pa-…-un. To sell out (one’s property usu. at a depreciated value, esp. in times of financial difficulty). Maytaꞌ kaw nagpanaug sin pamulawan mu? Why are you selling out your gold jewelry? *nayam n. panayam-nayam [See panayam.] Games (different kinds of games played at the same occasion). Awn panayam-nayam bihaun ha grandstand. There are games at the grandstand now. naylun (Eng.) n. Nylon line. Cf. hapun, tangsiꞌ niꞌmat n. Blessing, grace, favor from God in the form of internal body comforts. Sumannyang in pamikil mu bang kaw dihilan niꞌmat sin Tuhan. You will have peace of mind if God showers His grace upon you. Cf. rahmat nigatib (Eng.) n. A negative, photographic image on transparent material used for printing positive pictures. Pahugasan ku in nigatib sin pattaꞌ ku. I’ll have the negatives of my pictures developed. nikiꞌ-nikiꞌ adj. Very small, little (in size or amount). In ambung yan nikiꞌ-nikiꞌ tuud. That basket is too

small. Cf. nahut, asibiꞌ, sibiꞌ-sibiꞌ, anak-anak nila pron. (Third person pl. non-topic actor/causer and poss. pronoun) they, their. Patayun nila in kambing. They will kill the goat. Bāy nila sān. That’s their house. nipaꞌ n. Nipa palm (used for roofing and walling). (See Appendix 5: Plants) nipis n. Thinness, flimsiness, sleaziness. Bang bihan in nipis sin badjuꞌ subay kaw magkamisun. If the dress is that thin then you should wear a slip.    adj. manipis Thin (as of a person, book, or pad of paper); (of cloth) flimsy, sleazy. Manipis tuud in kakanaꞌ. The cloth is very thin.    vt. AR ran -an. To make (something) thinner, take away some thickness. Subay nipisan in sulab sin laring ampa mahayt. The blade of the knife should be made thinner, then it will be sharp.    vi. ST pat mag-, -um-. To become thin or thinner. Magninipis in baran mu. You’re becoming thinner. nispu n. The month of commemorating the dead.{A yearly Muslim commemoration celebrated during the whole month of Saꞌban. During the month graves are visited and cleaned, sprinkled with water and decorated with the infloresence of the palm tree.} Maglanuꞌ in tau kubul bang bulan nispu. People clean the graves when it’s the month of commemorating the dead.    v. ag mag-. To celebrate such an occasion. Kuꞌnu kamu magnispu? When will you celebrate the commemorating of the dead? nituꞌ n. The climbing ferns. Lygodium spp. (See Appendix 5: Plants) niya pron. (Third person sg. non-topic actor/causer and poss. pronoun) he/she/it, his/hers/its, him/her. Way niya aku piyaagad. She didn’t let me go along. Ini in bilik niya. This is his room. niyat n. Intention, purpose, desire, ambition. Unu in niyat mu miyari? What is your intention in coming here? Cf. gawi    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To intend, desire, aim at, think of, dream of (something); regard or consider (someone to be something), hope for (something). Way aku nagniyat sin sugarul siya. I never thought that he would be a thief. Niyatun ta kaw taymanghud, pasal sin dayaw mu kākuꞌ. I consider you a brother because of your goodness to me. Cf. pikil, maksud, gantaꞌ 1

niyu pron. (Second person pl. non-topic actor/causer and poss. pronoun) you, your. Sumbayꞌa niyu na. You (pl.) slaughter it. Bukun ka ini būla niyu? Isn’t this your (pl.) ball? niyug n. The coconut (palm) tree (not included semantically under generic kahuy). Awn yaun niyug hi Sappari, tiyungguan hi Hadji Sali. Hadji Sali was once taking care of some coconut trees that belonged to Sappari and his clan. Pilangka-ulad dahun niyug hambuuk pilak? How many coconut leaves can you buy for one peso? Cf. nipaꞌ, sani Cocos nucifera PARTS OF THE COCONUT NUT bunut

husk of shell

ugab

shell

lahing 2

flesh of mature ripe nut

putti

milk of the nut STAGES OF GROWTH OF THE COCONUT NUT

biluuk

immature

butung

mature unripe

gangkul

mature semi-ripe

lahing 1

mature ripe, with meat

putang

mature, meatless PARTS OF THE COCONUT TREE

bagaybay

young inflorescence

labit

protective sheath for frond and blossom

giyagay

dry flower bract

langkay

dried leaves

lukay

young leaf, still in protective sheath

lurang

sheath of flower PRODUCTS FROM THE COCONUT PLANT

baung

water container made of whole shell

baung-baung

savings bank made of whole shell

buling

charcoal made of pieces of shell

gataꞌ

emulsion (milk of nut with water added)

lampasu

floor scrubber from husk

sasapu

broom made from langkay

sayrap

matting made from woven leaves

tubaꞌ

wine made from sap

Nū n. (The prophet) Noah. nukil (var. nukir) 1 n. A handwritten pamphlet. In tau diꞌ pa tuud makahampat sin duwaa sambahayang subay awn nukil pagbassahun. Anyone who does not yet know the verse well in praying, must have a (prayer) pamphlet to read. 2 n. Religious learning or knowledge. In manga pakil subay maingat nukil. Priests should have religious knowledge. 3 n. A person skilled in writing (i.e., who has good penmanship).

nunuk n. The balete or strangler fig tree (believed to house a demon). Pagkakitaan in lagtaw ha nunuk bang dūm. A giant can be seen at the balete tree at night. *nungnung (var. of nyungnyung) v To adore or value (something) highly.

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Tausug-English Dictionary: Kabtangan Iban Maana

Tausug - English a

b

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m

n

ng

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ng nga-, -ng rel. [-ng occurs after numbers ending in a vowel.] Euphonic particle occurring with numbers and combinations of numbers. upat ngagatus. four hundred. limang gatus five hundred. Kawaluwan ngaulad dahun sayng. Eighty pieces of banana leaf. ngān n. A name (of something). Hisiyu in ngān mu? What is your name?    v. ag mag-; ran -an. To name (something). Ayaw kaw magngān sin bukun amu. Don’t tell the name if it is not the right one. Ngāni bang hisiyu in tau nangakkal kaymu. Name the man who tricked you. *nganga v. act/pat -um-. (For the skin) to have a burning sensation (after application of a liniment).

Ngumanga in pais mu bang mu pahiran sin ubat yan. Your skin will have a burning sensation if you rub that medicine on it. *ngās-ngās (see kās) v. To court a girl or attract her attention in an awkward way. *ngawngaw n. A muttering, mumbling, grumbling; low unintelligible sound in the throat. Di aku mabayaꞌ dumungug sin ngawngaw mu. I don’t want to hear your grumbling.    v. ag mag-; goal pag-…-an. To utter such a sound, mumble, mutter, grumble. Bang awn kabayaan mu hibichara patanuga, bukun kaw magngawngaw sadja duun. If you have something to say, say it out loud, don’t just mutter. Cf. *dubdub, kimut-kimut ngiꞌ 1 n. A defect, undesirability, shortcoming, badness. Katān tau awn sadja ngiꞌ niya. Everybody has his own shortcoming. adj. mangiꞌ Defective, destroyed, undesirable, bad. Mangiꞌ in addat hi Hussin. Hussin’s conduct is undesirable. ANT.: *dayaw 1. v. RC, CH 1 ag mag-; pat -un. [Sometimes rdp.] To become unfriendly or hostile (to someone), (for people) to be on bad terms. Nagngiꞌ-ngiꞌ siya iban inaꞌ niya. She and her mother are on bad terms. Ngiun kita sin pangdaig ta bang kita diꞌ magꞌaddat kanila. Our neighbors will become hostile to us if we don’t respect them. Cf.: mula. kangiꞌ (derv.) n. A defect, badness. 2 v. ngiꞌ-ngiꞌ act/pat magka-. (For a woman) to become a prostitute. Nagkangiꞌ-ngiꞌ in kaibanan babai lugay sin armi dī. Some women have become prostitutes during the time the army has been here. ngiꞌ atay n. Anger, resentment, ill feeling (toward someone). Bukun marayaw in magtawꞌ ngiꞌ atay ha pagkahi ta. It’s not good to harbor resentment against our fellow man. (See atay for table.) ngilu n. The uncomfortable feeling at the edge of one’s teeth felt when hearing a scratchy sound, eating something sour, etc.    v. act -um-, mag-. (For one’s teeth) to have such a feeling. Ayaw kaw magkamas sin blackboard. Magngilu in ipun ku. Stop scratching the blackboard. My teeth feel so uncomfortable.    adj. mangilu Having such a feeling. ngiluꞌ n. Gums, the firm fleshy tissue at the base of the teeth. (See Appendix 6: The Parts of the Body)

ngīt v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un; goal -an. [Often rdp.] To make a face, grin (showing all one’s teeth, sometimes used derogatorily and connotes contempt or scorn). Nagngingīt na in iruꞌ ini. This dog of a fellow is grinning. Ngītan niya sadja aku bang ku siya dāhun magbissara. He just grins at me when I speak to him. Cf. *kuliꞌsung ngurut v. pat ma-. (For one’s hair) to dry out and become thin (usu. due to sickness). Nangurut in buhuk niya. His/her hair has become dry and thin.

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Tausug-English Dictionary: Kabtangan Iban Maana

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ny nyataꞌ v. ag -um-, mag-; pat -un. To find out, verify (something); investigate (something); see about (something). Nyataun ku madtu in pasal pagkālu. I’ll go there to verify the cause of the quarrel. OV SYN. kitaꞌ 1    v. ag magpa-; pat hipa-, pa-…-un. To reveal oneself (to someone); manifest, show as proof; reveal or disclose (something). Nagpanyataꞌ in malaikat Jibril kan Nabi Muhammad. The angel Gabriel revealed himself to Prophet Muhammed. Hipanyataꞌ da sin Tuhan in hinang mu mangiꞌ. God will cause your wrongdoing to be manifested. Hipanyataꞌ katān in hinang ta mangiꞌ marayaw ha adlaw hukum. Everything will be revealed on the judgment day both good and bad. Cf. manyatakan, *lahil

nyawa n. Soul, spirit, essence of life, the life principle which comes from God and will one day return to God.{All living things possess nyawa.} In nyawa sin mānusiyaꞌ hambuuk da. Man has only one soul. Cf. nyawalihan nyawalihan n. The part of a person that leaves the body at death or when one is in a trance state or dreaming. Laung nila magpanaw in nyawalihan sin tau bang natutūg. They say that a person’s spirit roams about when he is asleep. Cf. nyawa, aluwa nyuknyuk n. Fineness (of the texture of cloth).    adj. manyuknyuk (Of cloth) fine in texture, soft. Manyuknyuk in kakanaꞌ ini. This cloth is fine in texture. ANT. ural nyungnyung (var. *nungnung) v. ag mag-; ran -an. To adore or value (something) highly. Kanyungnyungan ku in asawa ku. I adore my wife.

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Tausug-English Dictionary: Kabtangan Iban Maana

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p pa1 adv. (Signals the continuance of an event already occurring or of a state already existing) still, more, yet. Yari pa siya dī. He is still here. Way pa siya dimatung. She has not yet arrived. Cf. na1 pa2 affix. A transitivizer, the causative affix. Magpakila aku sin baran ku kanila. I’ll make myself known to them. Palingkura in manga bisita. Have the visitors sit down. Parakdakan ta in manga kurtina kan Babuꞌ Anang. We’ll ask Aunt Anang to launder the curtains. paꞌ2 (see bapaꞌ) n. Uncle, stepfather. paꞌgang v. ag mag-; ran -an. To hinder, restrain, control, curb (something). Subay natuꞌ paꞌgangan in

pagsaplag sin sakit yan. We have to hinder the spread of that disease. Diꞌ ku kapaꞌgangan in kabayaan niya hinangun. I can’t restrain her from doing what she wants. Paꞌgangi in bayaꞌ mu magsiga. Control your desire to smoke. Cf. *taꞌga, hawid paꞌsan v. CV 3 ag mag-; pat -un. To carry (something) across one’s shoulder. Paꞌsana in mital yaun ha abaga mu. Carry the can across your shoulder. (See dā for table.) paa n. Thigh. Nakutkut siya sin iruꞌ ha paa. He was bitten by the dog on the thigh. (See Appendix 6: The Parts of the Body) paandig n. Insinuation, innuendo, indirect reference or remark (usu. implying something derogatory). Diyugalan siya sin paandig mu. He is angry over your insinuation.    v. ag mag-; goal -an. To insinuate, make an innuendo, indirect remark or reference. Nasāꞌ kaw bang aku in paandigan mu sin pagtakaw. You’re mistaken if you insinuate that I’m the thief. *pābaꞌ v. ag mag-. To abjectly apologize (for eloping). Nagpābaꞌ na pa maas sin babai in manga nagdakup. The couple who eloped have gone to the lady’s parents to abjectly apologize. OV SYN. patibabaꞌ babaꞌ 1; Cf. *maap, ampun pād 1 n. The palm (of the hand) or sole (of the foot). Naghuhulas in pād lima niya. The palms of his hands are sweating. Masakit in pād siki ku. The sole of my foot is sore. 2 n. A handbreadth. (See sukud1 for table.) padduman n. A compass, diary or the like. In tau magtulak-tulak subay awn padduman niya. A navigator should have a compass. Supaya diꞌ kalupahan subay hibutang ha padduman. This must be written in a diary so as not to be forgotten. padjak n. A pawnshop. Siyandaꞌ ku in gallang ha padjak. I pawned the bracelet in the pawnshop.    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To monopolize a trade concession, lease (something), hire or charter (something, as a plane, jeep, or boat). In sīni Ever piyadjak sin Lannang. The Ever theatre is leased to a Chinese. Piyadjak niya in ariplanu pa Sambuwangan. He chartered the plane to Zamboanga. padpad n. A medicinal plant (with thick leaves containing water, like cactus leaves). Makakullus hubag in padpad. Padpad can cause swelling to subside.

pādpād (var. sapādpād) adv. Instead of, rather than. Pādpād kaw maglawag kaniya marayaw pa kaw tumagad dī. It’s better that you wait here rather than look for him. padukka n. A title used by all persons of royal blood, a minor official. pagꞌaagaran (from agad) n. A means of transportation, vehicle. Unu in pagꞌaagaran madtu pa tiyanggi? What will our means of transportation be going to town? Mataud pagꞌaagaran maglabay ha dān ini. There are so many vehicles passing this route. Cf. sasakatan sakat paga-paga n. A shelf. Butangan in būk yan ha paga-paga. Place that book on the shelf. Cf. lapad-lapad pagal n. An enclosure (for confining animals, esp. fowl), pen, cage. Maghinang kami pagal itik. We will make a duck’s pen.    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To enclose (animals, esp. fowl) in a pen. Pagala in manga babuy yan bat diꞌ magsāsab. Enclose those pigs in a pen so they won’t wander in the streets. OV SYN. apis; Cf. kural, ād, kūngan pagas adj. Voiceless (as from a cold), (of the voice) hoarse. In tingug pagas itung diꞌ kadungugan. A hoarse voice is practically inaudible. Cf. pagaw, *lagaw    v. pat magka-. To develop a hoarse voice. Magkapagas siya bang siya ulapayun. She develops a hoarse voice when she has a cold. pagat n. A scratch, superficial wound (inflicted by something pointed or sharp).    vi. ST pat ma-. To have a scratch, be or become scratched. Napagat in buktun ku sin kahuy tunukan. My arm was scratched by the thorny stick.    vt. ag mag-; pat -un. To scratch (something). Piyagat niya in ugud niya, hangkan nagduguꞌ. She scratched her sore, that’s why it bled. Cf. kagas pagaw adj. Hoarse, having a congenital harshness or roughness of voice. Diꞌ ku tuud kahātihan in bichara sin tau pagaw yaun. I really can’t understand the words of that harsh-voiced man. Cf. pagas, *lagaw pagi n. Rayfish (generic). Makalupad in pagi ha babaw dagat. A rayfish can fly on the surface of the ocean. (See Appendix 2: Fish and Swimming Marine Creatures)

pagkahi n. A fellow (belonging to the same party, side, class or kind); (one’s) peer. Subay kita mamawgbug ha pagkahi ta Pilipino. We must defend our fellow Filipinos. pagkuwan 1 adv. Might, may, perhaps. Pagkuwan diꞌ siya dumatung adlaw ini. She might not arrive today. Agad na kaw bihaun, pagkuwan, diꞌ mari in jīp kunsūm. You’d better come with us now, the jeep might not come tomorrow. 2 adv. Then. Pagkuwan, unu in hīnang mu pagkitaꞌ mu sin sunug? Then what did you do when you saw the fire? Cf. sakali *pagun n. Strength, firmness, solidness (as of a rope, building, bridge, or ladder).    vt. ran -an. To make (something) strong, firm, solid. Pagunan ku in hāg sin kusina, patinggilun ku in hāg ha simintu. I’ll strengthen the post of the kitchen. I’ll put it on a cement foundation.    adj. mapagun Strong, firm, solid; (of a person) physically healthy. Mapagun isab in bāy batu yan. That stone house is firm and solid. Cf. kamdus 1, hugut 1, gawgut paguy n. Evacuee, escapee. Mataud paguy dayn ha Sūg yaun ha Sambuwangan. There are many evacuees from Sulu there in Zamboanga.    v. ag mag-, -um-; To flee, escape (from restriction, prison, a problem, or responsibility); withdraw (as from a besieged town or area of danger). Maguy in manga sundalu ha Luuk dūm ini. The soldiers will withdraw from Luuk tonight. Diꞌ aku magpaguy dayn ha hinang ku. I don’t escape from my responsibility. Cf. īg pāha n. A piece of folded cloth used to wrap around the waist to cover the navel of an infant, a binder. Subay awn pāha sin bataꞌ-bataꞌ ampa diꞌ bakagan. The child should have a binder around its stomach so it won’t get stomachache.    v. AR ag mag-; ran -an. To bind the waist (of an infant with a piece of folded cloth or binder). Pāhahi in bataꞌ-bataꞌ. Bind the baby’s waist. Cf. lampin1 pahalaꞌ n. A reward (given by God for good done or for fulfilling religious obligations). Awn sadja pahalaꞌ sin hinang ta marayaw. There’s always a reward for something good done. Cf. tungbas, busung

*paham adj. mapaham Skillful, fluent (as in speaking or writing). Mapaham siya magbissara Arab. She speaks Arabic fluently. Cf. malapal lapal    v. ag -mag-; pat -un. To be acquainted or familiar (with something), practice (something, as a speech or a skill). Diꞌ aku makapaham sin bissara Sūg malawm. I’m not familiar with deep Tausug words. Magpaham naa aku muna sin hibissara ku kunsūm ha taas palalihan. I’ll first practice what I’ll say tomorrow on the platform. pahāti (from pa₂ + hāti) n. Information, notification, notice, communication, announcement, message, explanation. Wayruun pa pahāti pasal sin pagtiyaun. There’s no announcement yet of the wedding.    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To inform or notify (someone about something), announce or explain (something to someone). In kami ini magpahāti sin subay kamu mīg dayn ha lugal ini. We are (here) to inform you that you should vacate this place. OV SYN. amanat, pabaytaꞌ baytaꞌ; Cf. habal *pahid v. AR ag mag-; ran -an. To wipe (something as in cleaning or drying), apply (something) by wiping (as an ointment). Pahiri in manga lāy. Wipe the plates. Cf. tarapu *pahil-pahil 1 v. ag mag-; pat -un. To leave (something) unfinished or undone, let alone, let slip, neglect (something). Ayaw mu pahil-pahila in pagꞌiskul mu. Don’t neglect your studies. Cf. *sād 2 v. ag mag-; pat -un. To delay, put off, procrastinate, lengthen out (something). Subay mu diꞌ pahilpahilun in hinang bat kagunahan ta kinsūm. Don’t put off that work for we need that tomorrow. *pahit v. ag mag-, mang-; goal -an. To speak angrily in a high and contemptuous tone (to someone). Piyahitan sin nakuraꞌ in manga tindug niya. The leader spoke angrily and contemptuously to his followers. Cf. *galit, *gaꞌgaꞌ pāidda n. Advantage, value, gain, benefit. Way tuud pāidda sin tau lisuan. A lazy man has no advantage. Way pāidda niya sin altaꞌ sin maas niya. Her parents’ wealth has no value to her.    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To take advantage of, value (something); seek an advantage for (oneself or someone). Subay kita magpāidda sin baran ta. We should seek advantageous positions for ourselves. Cf. pūs paimbalan (see mimbal) n. A pulpit in a mosque.

pais n. Skin, rind. Malanuꞌ in pais sin babai yaun. That girl has smooth clear skin.    vt. AR ag mag-; ran -an. To peel, pare (something), remove the rind. Paisan taniyu na in mampallam. Let’s peel the mangoes.    vi. pat ma-. To be flayed (as of the skin of the palm, hand, sole of the foot due to too much handling or walking or due to broken blisters). Butangi lana in pais mu bat diꞌ mapais. Put oil on your skin so it won’t become flayed. Cf. aknit pais maras n. White scales on the skin (which develop when the skin is dry). (See Appendix 8: Diseases)    v. act/pat mag-. (For the skin) to have or develop whitish scales. Nagpais-maras in biꞌtis niya. Her legs developed whitish scales. pait n. Bitterness. Nakasuka aku sin pait sin kahawa. I vomited from the bitterness of the coffee.    adj. mapait Bitter. Mapait in ubat. The medicine is bitter. Cf. maaplud aplud, aslum pakain adv. [Infixed with -iy- to ask where someone went (past time).] Where? in what direction? Pakain kaw? Where are you going? Piyakain bahaꞌ hi Amaꞌ? Where did Dad go?    adv. pakain-pakain Wherever. Magad aku kaymu pakain-pakain kaw. I’ll go with you wherever you go. pakaniya-pakaniya pron. From one to another. In agi sin pakaniya-pakaniya wayruun tau makatawakkal manakaw pa lawm bāy sin tau. It is said from one to another that there is no one courageous enough to steal from inside a person’s house. Cf. katān pakang n. An (elongated wooden) paddle for washing clothes. Kawaa in kahuy yaun hinangun ta pakang. Get that wood there; we’ll make a clothes paddle.    v. CH 1 ag mag-; pat -un. To wash clothes using such a paddle. Pakangun ta in manga badjuꞌ ini bat maīg in lummiꞌ. We’ll beat these clothes so the dirt will come out. pakaradjaan n. A happening, event, incident, occurrence, affair (as a social function or gathering). Unu taꞌ in pakaradjaan ha iskul kunsūm? What’s the affair in school tomorrow? pakarayaw adv. Intensifier of an adj. or adv. Malugay pakarayaw siya maubus. He is taking a very long time to finish. Dayꞌdayꞌ pakarayaw siya kimaun. He finished eating in a really short time.

pakaw n. A thick coating (on a metal object).    v. ag mag-, mang-; ran -an. To coat (something made of metal with a thick coating). Subay pakawan magbalik in siliꞌ ini ampa kapagluunan tubig. This kettle must be coated again before water can be put in it. Cf. pinta *pakay 1 v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To wear (something, as clothes, jewelry, or belt). Ayaw kaw magpakay sin badjuꞌ diꞌ makatūp kaymu. Don’t wear a dress that doesn’t look good on you. n. pakayan Costume, formal dress, good clothes. Diꞌ ku hipagpabūs in manga pakayan ku. I don’t loan out my good clothes. OV SYN.: tamungun *tamung, badjuꞌ; Cf.: sulug. 2 v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To adopt (something, as an idea, practice, or behavior). Diꞌ mapakay in addat mangiꞌ. A bad practice should not be adopted. pakiꞌ 1 adj. Bashful, shy, timid. v. ST pat -um-. To be or feel embarrassed, ashamed, humiliated. Ayaw kaw makiꞌ kaniya. Don’t be ashamed of her. Ayaw na kaw magbayla bang diꞌ da kaw maingat, makiꞌ sadja kaw. Don’t try to dance when you really don’t know how, you’ll just be embarrassed. Miyakiꞌ aku sin hinang niya kabii. I was embarrassed by what he did last night. Miyakiꞌ aku sin hinang ku mataud kangiꞌ. I am ashamed of my work which has lots of mistakes. vt. ag mag-; pat -un. To embarrass (someone). Subay ta diꞌ pakiun in bagay ta ha katauran tau. We shouldn’t embarrass our friends in front of many people. adj. mapakiꞌ Shy, bashful, aloof, withdrawn. In tau mapakiꞌ wayruun bagay niya. A person who is shy has no friends. Mapakiꞌ siya kumalang ha katauran tau. She’s shy to sing in the presence of many people. Cf.: sipug, luman. 2 adj./adv. Awkward(ly), clums(il)y (in movement). Pakiꞌ siya maghinang sabab bukun siya biyaksa. He works clumsily because he’s inexperienced. Pakiꞌ siya magbayla. He is an awkward dancer. pakil n. A Muslim priest. Pila in pakil kawaun magduwaa? How many priests will you get to perform the prayer? Cf. hatib, bilal, imam *pakiyas v. ag mag-. [Does not occur with pa₂.] To pretend not to desire or like (something) because of shame. Ayaw na kaw magpakiyas bang kaw dihilan niya sīn. Don’t pretend because of shame not to

want to be given if you are given money. Kawaa na in bahagiꞌ mu, ayaw na kaw magpakiyas. Get your share, don’t pretend not to want it because of shame. Cf. bawꞌbawꞌ, saula-ula *paklus vi. act/pat -um-. To slip off suddenly (as from one’s clasp or grip). Miyaklus in laring dayn ha lima ku. The knife slipped suddenly out of my hand.    vt. ag mag-; pat -un. To get loose or free, let (something) go, get (something) free. Diꞌ aku makapaklus dayn ha lima niya. I can’t get loose from his clasp. Bang in layag kugdanan sin hangin makusug tuud subay magtuy paklusun in jampang. If the sail is hit by a very strong wind the connection rope should be let go right away. Cf. *puklas 1, puas 1.1, *hubad pakpak 1 vi. pat ma-. To fall (as leaves from a tree). Napakpak na in dahun sin kahuy yan. The leaves of the tree have fallen off. vt. ag mag-; pat -un; ran/ben -an. To throw (something) down. Suuk kaw mari pakpakan ta kaw sin hinug wanni. Come closer, I’ll throw you down ripe mangoes. Cf.: hulug 1, *tanak. 2 n. A stillborn fetus. Subay hikubul in pakpak yan. That stillborn fetus must be buried. vt. pat -un. To abort (a fetus). Pakpakun niya sadja in bataꞌ sakahabaꞌ siya maburus. She always aborts the baby every time she gets pregnant. v. exp ka-…-an. To experience a miscarriage. Ayaw kaw magkuskus sin lantay, gana-gana kapakpakan kaw. Don’t skate the floor as you may miscarry. SYN.: *pulak. paksaꞌ n. Good fortune or luck. Kamāhangan in paksaꞌ magdatung kātuꞌ. Good fortune seldom comes to us.    v. ran -an. [Does not occur with pa₂.] To have good fortune or luck. Paksaan kaw bang kaw makabāk kumalaꞌ. You’ll have good luck if you find a precious gem. Cf. sukud, lidjikiꞌ paksiyu n. Fish or meat cooked in vinegar, garlic, ginger and salt. Diꞌ magkangiꞌ in paksiyu minsan hitawꞌ mu pa kunsūm. That fish cooked in vinegar won’t spoil even though kept until tomorrow.    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To cook (fish or meat) in this way. Cf. *palam, *tulaꞌ pakukus n. A generic term for bladed weapons. Dā kaw pakukus bang kaw pa gimba. Take a bladed weapon when you go to the interior.    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To be armed with any bladed weapon. Diꞌ manjari magpakukus pa lawm daira.

One is not allowed to wear a bladed weapon in town. Cf. barung, kalis, utak, janap, budjak pakul n. A saddle. Butangi pakul in kuraꞌ. Put a saddle on the horse. Cf. bikal pāla n. A shovel. Dāha mari in pāla hipaglamugay ta sin simintu iban batu. Bring the shovel here for us to mix the cement and rock.    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To lift or remove (something) with a shovel. Subay palahun in buhangin ini pa lawm mital. You should shovel this sand into the can. Cf. kakās kās 1, sangkul paladduwaꞌ n. A stomach disease resulting in vomiting and defecation. Bang diꞌ masawnuꞌ sin ubat in sakit paladduwaꞌ mawmu magmula in tau. If the stomach disease resulting in vomiting and defecation can’t be medicated immediately it will sometimes kill the patient. (See Appendix 8: Diseases) palalihan n. A platform, stage. Ayaw kamu maghibuk bang awn nagbibissara ha taas sin palalihan. Don’t make any noise if somebody is speaking on the stage. *palam v. ag mag-; pat -un. To cook fish with turmeric and peppery spices (first in oil, then a small amount of liquid is added, either water or coconut milk). Marayaw palamun in istaꞌ batu. Rock fish are good to make into a dish with turmeric and peppery spices.    n. piyalam A dish cooked in such a manner. Bukun masarap in piyalam bang bukun malara. The fish dish isn’t tasty if it’s not peppery. Cf. paksiyu palansukan (see lansuk) n. A candlestick. palantara n. (One’s own) way of acting, manner. Asal bihān in palantara niya. That’s his natural way of acting. Mangiꞌ in palantara niya. His manner is crude.    v. ag mag-. To act or behave in a peculiar way. Ayaw kaw magpalantara bihān dī ha hulaꞌ ini. Don’t behave that peculiar way here in this place. Cf. addat, palangay, laku palanu (var. of planu) n A plan or program. palang adj. (Of a mat [baluy]) motley, variegated (in color). In baluy palang mahalgaꞌ. A variegated sleeping mat is expensive.

palangay n. Disposition, nature, character, behavior. Mangiꞌ in palangay sin tau yan. That man has a bad disposition. SYN. tabiat; Cf. laku, addat, piil palanggana n. A brass tray (with short legs). Latali na in palanggana. Put the food on the brass tray.    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To use such a tray. Magpalanggana sila bang kumaun sabab biyaksa na sila. They use a brass tray when they eat because they’re accustomed to doing so. Cf. batunjang, talam palbut v. ag mag-; pat -un. To spend (one’s) energy, time, money, etc. (on something that is not beneficial or necessary). In palbutun mu ini in maghinang sin way kapūsan. You spend your energy in doing something that is worthless. Mapalbut mu pa magpasiyal minsan da nasasakit in anak mu. You can spend your time out having a good time though your child is ill. Ayaw na kaw magpalbut mamī badjuꞌ mahargaꞌ bang mataud in utang mu. Don’t spend your money buying expensive clothes when you are deep in debt. panyap palbut (comp.) adj. Having everything that is needed, complete, fully equipped or furnished. pali-palihan n. A belief (handed down from previous generations). Ha pali-palihan sin kamaasan mangiꞌ kunuꞌ magsapu dūm. According to the belief of the old folks it is bad to sweep at night. Agarun tuud sin Tausug in manga pali-palihan sin kamaasan. The Tausug really follow the beliefs of the old folks. paliꞌ n. A cut, wound. Diꞌ magꞌuliꞌ in paliꞌ niya. His wound is not healing.    v. act/pat mag-; ran -an. To be wounded, suffer a cut. Magpaliꞌ in kutkut hilam bang katulun. A mosquito bite will develop a wound if it’s scratched. Kamayaꞌ kaw. Palian kaw sin laring. Be careful. You might get cut by that knife. Cf. panggis (See utud for table.) *palid v. CV 1 pat hi-. (For the wind) to blow (something) away. Piyalid sin hangin in manga kātas. The wind blew the papers away. SYN. paglupad *lupad paligiꞌ n. An area of wet, filthy, and soggy ground. Mataud ūd ha paligiꞌ. There are many small grubs in the soggy ground. Cf. pisak *palihalaꞌ v. ag mag-, mang-; pat -un. To take care of (someone), supply (someone’s) needs. Palihalaa in manga tau paguy dayn ha gimba. Take care of those evacuees from the interior. Hisiyu in magpalihalaꞌ kātuꞌ didtu? Who will take care of us over there? Siya in mamalihalaꞌ kaymu. She will

take care of you. OV SYN. paruli, *upiksaꞌ palihālan rel. With regard to, concerning, about, relating to, regarding. Ha palihālan sin pagkaun, subay mu ingatun bang unu in kakaun makarayaw sin pamaranan mu. With regard to food, you must know the kind of food that can nourish your body well. Cf. pasal1, takdil 1 palikambing n. A kind of indigenous confection made of sugar, flour, and ripe bananas. (So called because it looks like a goat’s testicle). In palikambing ini hipanglabut ha pagtiyaunan. Banana confections are served at weddings.    v. ag mag-. To make this kind of confection. Magpalikambing aku pagꞌinuman ta mahinaat. I’ll make banana confections for our breakfast.    v. pat -un. To make (flour or bananas) into this kind of confection. (See Appendix 7: Kinds of Confections Served at Special Occasions) palipat 1 n. A farm planted with cassava or corn in between regular rice planting seasons. Gandum in hitanum namuꞌ ha palipat. We are going to plant corn in the off-season field. v. ag mag-; pat -un. To plant and grow cassava or corn in between regular planting seasons. Magpalipat kitaniyu pagꞌubus magꞌani pāy. Let’s plant corn or cassava after harvesting the rice. 2 n. Land suitable for horticulture (but usu. hilly, rocky or otherwise unsuitable for rice). Cf. uma, lupu *palis v. CV 1 pat hi-, hipag-. To drift, be carried (in or on water) by the wind or current. Malasahi bang kita hipalis pa pūꞌ way tau. We will be hard pressed if we drift to an uninhabited island. OV SYN. *anud; Cf. *palid palit v. ag mag-, mang-; pat -un. To retrieve (a fish trap from the ocean floor). Mamalit sila bubu kunsūm pa lawd. They’ll retrieve their fish trap from the sea tomorrow. palitaan n. A lamp, light. Pūnga na in palitaan. Put out the light.    v. ag mag-. To use a lamp or light. Magpalitaan kitaniyu lansuk dūm ini. We’ll use a candle for a light tonight. Cf. ilaw paliyama n. A good or abundant harvest. Paliyama in manga magꞌuuma ha tahun ini. The farmers have a good harvest this year. Cf. sakkiyan

paliyangan (from pa₁ + liyang + -an₁) n. A grave, place for burial. Laung sin kamatauran bang marayaw in kamatay sin tau masawa in paliyangan niya. Most people say that if a person died as a good person his grave will be bright (with light). SYN. kubul; Cf. kandang, tampat, kubba pallaꞌ n. A comedian, clown. In pallaꞌ maingat magpakatawa ha tau. A comedian knows how to make people laugh.    v. ag mag-. To act or behave in a comical way. Magpallaꞌ siya bat kaw kumatawa. He acts comically so you’ll laugh. Cf. andukang *palling v. ag mag-; pat -un. To deviate, digress; change (the subject of conversation or speech). Piyalling niya in bissara niya pa dugaing. He changed his talk to something else. Diꞌ na mapalling in mata niya ha babai. His eyes don’t deviate from the girl. Cf. *sihaꞌ palmaddaniꞌ n. Carpet, rug, floor covering (usu. used as a wall decoration and not for prayer). Malingkat in manga palmaddaniꞌ dayn ha Sandakan. The carpets from Sandakan are beautiful.    v. ag mag-; ran -an. To use such a carpet, furnish (a place) with a carpet. Subay palmaddanian in paglingkuran sin sultan. The king’s throne must be carpeted. Cf. sudjara palmanis n. A special magical beauty or handsomeness (of men and women which others, looking at them, observe to be like the beauty of the full moon).{Acquired through the application or utterance of some magic verse in Arabic.} In tau nagsasangun palmanis masahaya in bayhuꞌ. The face of a person who acquires special magical beauty shines.    v. ag mag-; ran -an. To undergo the application of such special beauty. Bang in tau magpalmanis aturun siya malingkat. If a person undergoes the ceremony of acquiring magical beauty he appears beautiful to others. GENR. ilmuꞌ palmata 1 n. A gem, precious stone (used in jewelry). Mussaꞌ in palmata sin singsing niya. The gem in her ring is a pearl. v. ag mag-; ran -an. To set (something) with a gem. Piyalmatahan intan in singsing niya. Her ring is set with a diamond. 2 n. Someone who is very precious and valuable, the object of someone’s love. Ikaw in palmata sin atay ku. You’re the love of my heart.

palpal adj./adv. Entire(ly). In tau nagbisnis yan nalugiꞌ tuud sin lugiꞌ palpal. That businessman suffered entire losses. In tau magkaun babuy, bisayaꞌ palpal. A person who eats pork is entirely Christian. paltik adj. Unreal, not genuine or authentic, counterfeit, artificial. Awn sīn niya paltik. He has counterfeit money. Cf. hinang-hinang hinang 1.1 palu v. AR ag mag-; ran -an. To cut off the rotten part (of something, usu. food). Paluhan ku in haluꞌ sin kapaya ini. I’ll cut off the rotten part of this papaya. OV SYN. *basbas; Cf. hilap (See utud for table.) paluꞌ [Tapul, Lugus]v. CH 1 ag mag-; pat -un. To hit, strike (something) with a stick. Palua in iruꞌ yan sin bulaꞌ. Hit that dog with a bamboo stick. Cf. *lubak, binasa, kakal paluk v. ag mag-, mang-. To face (someone) with awe, bow down (before someone). Paluk kaw pa sultan. Face the king with awe. Cf. alup 1 palutuꞌ (from pa₂ + lutuꞌ) n. Provisions given (to someone) for a trip, send-off gift. Dīhilan hi Utuꞌ sin bapaꞌ niya palutuꞌ pagtulak niya pa Manilaꞌ. The uncle of Sonny gave him a send-off gift on his departure to Manila.    v. ag mag-; ran -an. To give (someone) provisions for a trip or a send-off gift. Palutuan ku siya kayꞌman pilak bang siya tumulak. I’ll give him a send-off gift of fifty pesos when he leaves. pamahaꞌnun v. act/pat m-, mag-. [Does not occur with pa₂.] To sneeze. Mahumu mamahaꞌnun in tau bang iyuulapay. If a person has a cold he often sneezes. Cf. buskaw pamalung n. The passage in the bottom of a boat where the handle of the propeller connects to the engine. SYN. bubutan pamāpa (gimb. pamalpal) n. Peppery spices (consisting of a mixture of roasted coconut meat pounded together with turmeric, salt and hot peppers). Butangi pamāpa in giyataan mu. Add peppery spices to that which you are cooking with coconut milk.    v. ag mag-; pat -un; ran -an. To use spices. Pamāpahan sin siyunug lahing iban dulaw bang magtulaꞌ itum. When we make beef stew it is spiced with charred coconut meat and turmeric. Cf. lampa pamātuꞌ n. A marker used in the game of hopscotch (see ingkiꞌ).

pamāy-bāy (see bāy) n. A household, immediate relatives living in the same house, atmosphere of a household. pamīn-mīn (from bīn) n. Last will (usu. spoken by a person about to die), final instructions. Subay ta agarun in pamīn-mīn hi Amaꞌ. We should follow Father’s final instructions. pamintangan (from pang- + bintang₁ + -an₁) n. An experience which teaches a lesson. In kangian kimugdan ha tau yan hambuuk pamintangan sin manga tau ikutan. The tragic thing that happened to that person is a lesson to stingy people.    v. To learn a lesson (either positive or negative) from some experience (personal experience, books, movies, plays, etc.). pamistiun n. Kidney. Diꞌ aku magkaun sin pamistiun sin sapiꞌ. I don’t eat cows’ kidneys. pamukaꞌ n. A condition of the foot in which the skin of the foot is cracked. Mahapdus kunuꞌ in pamukaꞌ niya. He says his cracked feet are painful. Cf. suplit pamung v. ag mag-, -um-; pat hi-; goal -an. To express (something) in words, state, declare, say (something). Pamung kaw sin ha lawm sin atay mu. Say what is on your mind (lit. liver). himumungan (derv.) n. A statement, declaration, words. Cf. bichara 1, baytaꞌ, laung1 pamūngmūng n. Angry words. Diyungug mu in pamūngmūng niya? Did you hear the angry words she said?    v. ag m-; pat hi-; goal -an. To scold (someone) sharply, upbraid, revile (someone), speak (to someone) in abusive or contemptuous language (as when angry). Diꞌ mu manjari pamūngmūngan in tau way dusa. You’re not supposed to upbraid someone who is not at fault. Namūngmūng siya ha tau namilaꞌ sin niyug nila. He reviled the man that cut down their coconut tree. *pamus (gimb. paꞌmus) v. AR ag mang-, mag-; ran -an. To wash (one’s or someone’s) face (with water). Mamamus naa aku, ampa aku magbadjuꞌ. I’ll wash my face first and then I’ll dress.    n. pagpamaꞌmus The act or manner of washing one’s face. Bukun matimud in pagpamaꞌmus mu. The way you washed your face didn’t get it clean. OV SYN. hugas 1; Cf. *haplas

panaꞌ n. An arrow (as in archery). Taga lassun in panaꞌ sin manga kamaasan yadtu. The arrows of our ancestors had poison on them.    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To shoot (something) with an arrow. Panaun ta in babuy talun. We’ll shoot the wild hog with an arrow. *panagat (from dagat) v. ag mag-, m-; ran -an. To hunt for shellfish (as clams, or mollusks), edible plants, or other edible animals (along the shore at low tide). Subay na hunas ampa kita managat. We’ll hunt for shellfish when it’s low tide. Magpanagat in Samal mahumu ha pūꞌ. Sama people often look for shellfish on the island. Marayaw panagatan in isla asibiꞌ. A small island is good for hunting shellfish on.    n. panagatun Shellfish, seafoods found in tidal flats. Mataud kaginis sin pais panagatun kabākan ha Lupaꞌ Sūg. Many kinds of shells of shellfish (i.e., seashells) are found in Sulu. panakawan n. A trusted helper of a datu. In katān hinang sin datuꞌ kaingatan sin panakawan niya. Everything a lord does is known to his trusted helper. Cf. munari panalanghati (from pang + talanghati) n. Water which (has been empowered by a tawal and so, when drunk), gives the power to help (the one who drinks it) learn (things).    v. ran -an. To have (someone) drink this water. Piyanalanghatihan siya sin amaꞌ niya hangkan siya maingat. His mother had him drink empowered water, that’s why he’s knowledgeable. pananap 1 v. TV ag mag-, mang-; goal -un. To crawl, creep. Pananap kaw pa bilik niya. Creep to her room. 2 v. (For fire) to spread, (for sickness) to spread within the body. Nakapananap in kāyu pa Alat. The fire has spread to the Alat section of town. Hangkarayꞌ magpananap in sakit yan. That sickness easily spreads within the body. Cf. latag panaw 1 v. TV ag mag-, -um-; goal -un; ran -an. To walk, go on foot, go on a trip or journey. Panaw sadja kaw pa tabuꞌ. Just go on foot to the market. Diꞌ aku manaw bang kaw diꞌ magad. I’ll not walk if you won’t go with me. Panawun nila in mundu. They’ll go after the outlaw. Makajari na panawan in dān ini sampay pa tabuꞌ. It’s OK to walk on this road as far as the market. adj. pamanaw Fond of roaming or rambling around. In tau pamanaw māhang pagkabākan ha bāy. A

fellow who is fond of roaming around is seldom found at home. n. panawan A place where (someone) goes. Diꞌ ku kaingatan bang harap pakain in panawan niya. I don’t know where the place he went is. n. pagpanaw-panaw A journey, trip. Bang mān marayaw da in pagpanaw-panaw mu. I hope you have a good trip. papanaw (derv.) n. Enforcement (of a law or rule); (someone’s) intention; (someone’s) life or course of action. 2 n. pagpanaw-panaw The journey to the afterworld. Bang matay in tau nagtataat pa Tuhan marayaw in pagpanaw-panaw niya. When a godly man dies he’ll have a peaceful journey to the next world. panayam n. A game. Kaykit in panayam sin manga Jipun. The Japanese cheated in the game.    v. ag mag-. To play a game (against someone, as another team). Nagpanayam in manga anak datuꞌ naglumbaꞌ ha halaman sin astanaꞌ. The sons of the datus played a racing game in front of the palace.    n. panayaman A toy, plaything.    n. panayam-nayam Games (different kinds of games played at the same occasion). Awn panayamnayam bihaun ha grandstand. There are games at the grandstand now. panda n. A shawl. Manipis tuud in panda niya. Her shawl is very thin.    v. ag mag-. To wear a shawl. Marayaw in magpanda bang kaw magsablay. It’s good to wear a shawl when you wear the sablay type blouse. pandak adj. (Of a person) short (in stature). Pandak in tau yaun. That man is short. Pandak kaw dayn kākuꞌ. You’re shorter than I am. ANT. malanjang lanjang; Cf. hawpuꞌ pandala n. An attendant at a wedding, bridesmaid, best man. Mahabaꞌ in manga badjuꞌ sin pandala. The bridesmaids have long dresses.    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To become a bridesmaid or best man (at a wedding). Sangunan ta kaw palmanis bang kaw pandalahun. If you become the bridesmaid, I will recite a magic formula over you that will make you beautiful. *pandang v. ag mag-; pat -un. To look intently or steadily, gaze at (something, as in admiration, wonder, expectancy). Piyandang niya in babai malingkat. He gazed at the beautiful lady. Cf. kitaꞌ 1, atud,

ilag1, *kirug panday 1 n. Someone who has a special skill or talent in a specific field. adj. mapanday Expert, clever, skillful. Mapanday siya magtayp. He’s an expert typist. OV SYN.: tukang. panday bulawan (comp.) adj. Goldsmith. panday basiꞌ (comp.) adj. Blacksmith. 2 n. A midwife. Kāa na in panday. Masuuk na siya magꞌanak. Get the midwife. She’s about to give birth. pandikal adj. [Often combined with panday.] Wise, having great mental ability, intelligent, genius. Usug pandikal hi Jose Rizal. Jose Rizal was a genius. Cf. balꞌakkal panditaꞌ n. A learned man in religious matters. In panditaꞌ malawm pangadjiꞌ iban tukas na in ingat niya. The learned man in religion is a scholar and his experience is proven. In panditaꞌ di mabayaꞌ manglingug ha tau. The learned man in religion does not want to trouble the people. Cf. guru panduꞌ n. Guidance, direction, teaching, instruction, counsel, advice. In panduꞌ pa karayawan makapahatul ha tau nalalawng. Good guidance will make those who are astray upright.    v. ag mag-, mang-; goal -an. To guide, direct, give counsel, teach, instruct (someone). Panduan ta kaw pa dān mabuntul. I’ll guide you to the right path. SYN. hinduꞌ; Cf. *baut panduga v. ag mag-; ran -an. To take a lesson from, remember, bear (something) in mind. Panduga kamu bang lisag unum, ayaw na kamu magguwaꞌ dayn ha bāy. Remember not to go out of the house at (i.e., after) six o’clock. Subay natuꞌ pandugahan marayaw in dān liyabayan natuꞌ mari. We must bear well in mind the road we went on to come here. Cf. *tumtum 1, pamintangan *bintang 2, indan panhid n. A scar or mark. Yari pa in panhid sin paliꞌ ku. Here is the mark of my wound still. Maluhay siya kakilāhan sabab awn panhid niya ha bayhuꞌ. It is easy to find her because she has a mark on her face. Unu in panhid ha daig simud mu? What is that mark beside your mouth?    vt. ran -an. To scar (something). Bang panhiran in bayhuꞌ ku sin kamas mu baliun ku in kuku mu. If my face is scarred by your scratching I’ll break your fingernails. Cf. limpaꞌ

*panhut v. ag mag-, mang-, magpang-; pat -un; ran -an. To hunt (wild animals). Mataud magpamanhut babuy talun ha Tawi-Tawi. There are many on Tawi-Tawi who hunt wild pigs. Unu in panhutun niyu? What wild animals are you hunting? Pagpamanhutan namuꞌ sa yan in taas būd yan. We hunt on top of that mountain. panibbi (var. panigbi) n. A kernel, bubo, swollen gland. Malagguꞌ in panibbi ha hitaꞌ ku. The kernel in my groin is big. (See Appendix 8: Diseases)    v. pat -un. [Does not occur with pa₂.] To have a bubo or swollen glands. Panibbihun aku lumugay dī. Eventually I’ll have a bubo in here. Piyanibbi sila. They have swollen glands. Cf. hubag paninggad n. Obscene or lewd words (which express one’s anger, hatred or vexation). Makangilu taynga in paninggad sin tau yaun. The obscene language of that man sets one’s ears on edge.    v. ag mag-, mang-; pat hi-; goal -an. To abuse verbally, curse, use obscene or lewd language (as an expression of hatred, anger or vexation). Bukun marayaw in bataꞌ maninggad ha maas niya. It’s not good for a child to curse his parents. OV SYN. pamūngmūng; Cf. lakaꞌ-lakaꞌ panjang bassal adj. {Poetic} Tall and well-built (of a tall person whose size corresponds well with his height, who is not lanky or stocky). In amaꞌ ku usug panjang bassal. My father is a tall, well-built man. Cf. durugan/marurug *durug *panjari (from jari) v. ag magpa-, makapa-. To create, cause to come into existence. Amura Tuhan in makapapanjari. It’s only God who can create.    n. magpapanjari The Creator. Muwiꞌ kita katān pa hukuman sin magpapanjari. We’re all bound for judgment by the Creator. Cf. awn panji n. A flag, banner. Kami in magpataas sin panji ha iskul mahinaat-mahinaat. We are the ones who raise the flag every morning at the school.    v. AR ag mag-; ran -an. To place a flag or banner. Subay panjihan in katān kaiskul-iskulan. A flag should be placed at all schools. Piyapanjihan in tampat yaun. That grave has a flag placed on it.    v. pat -un. To use (something) as a flag. Panjihun ta in panjiꞌ Milikan ini bang kita ha lawd na. Let’s use this American flag as our flag when we’re at sea.

pannyagaan n. Necessities of life (as foodstuffs or clothing). Mahunit in katān pannyagaan bihaun. All the necessities of life are expensive now. Cf. kabuhianan buhiꞌ 1 pannyakilan n. Sideburns. Mahabaꞌ in pannyakilan hi bapaꞌ Pat. Uncle Pat has long sideburns.    v. ag mag-. To have or wear sideburns. Nagpapannyakilan na sila katān. They all have sideburns. Cf. pungut, misay pansing 1 n. (A measure of capacity) one tenth of a ganta. Tupungi siya duwa pansing bugas. Measure him out two tenths of a ganta of rice. v. ag mag-; pat -un. To use (something) as this kind of measure, measure by tenths of a ganta. Pansingun ku in bugas ha lawm mital ini. I’ll measure the rice in this can. Cf.: gantang, lagaꞌ1; GENR.: tupungan tupung. 2 adj. Economically destined to be unlucky or ill-starred (generally of a person who remains economically low no matter how he strives to prosper in life). Bang in sukud mu pansing diꞌ da malagaꞌ. If you’re destined to be poor you’ll be poor forever. pansul n. A faucet, bibcock, spigot. Hangkatiyuꞌ da in tubig magguwaꞌ dayn ha pansul. Only a little water is coming out of the faucet. OV SYN. giripu pansung n. High bridge or arch (of the nose). Kiyalingkat kaniya in pansung sin ilung niya. The high arch of her nose makes her pretty.    adj. mapansung (Of the nose) high-bridged. Mapansung tuud in ilung sin Milikan yaun. That American has a very high-bridged nose. pantak n. A practice of sorcery or black magic.{One can have an enemy killed by having the intended victim’s picture or doll pricked by some pointed objects such as nails or pins for several days. The sorcerer utters a magical prayer and invokes the help of evil spirits until the victim is killed.}    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To practice such a form of sorcery or black magic. Piyapantak niya in banta niya. He had his enemy harmed by black magic. Papantakan siya ha Bonggao bat matay. He’ll have black magic done on him in Bonggao so that he’ll die. Cf. hinang 2 pantalun (Tag.) n. Trousers, pants.

   v. ag mag-; pat -un. To wear pants or trousers. Kabayaan niya magpantalun siya sin baꞌgu. He wants to wear new pants. Cf. sawwal pantān n. An open platform or porch (usu. adjoining a kitchen). Ha pantān kitaniyu magliis panggiꞌ. We’ll grate coconut on the porch. Cf. jala-jala 1 pantaw v. ag mag-; pat -un. To look out (to a distance from a tower or any elevated place). Pantaw kaw sin dagat dayn dī. Look out to the sea from here. Cf. atud    n. pantawan An elevated place from which to look out. pantay 1 n. A wide plain, clear and open area. Subay pantay in paglalandingan sin ariplanu. The landing place for a plane must be a clear and open area. v. ag mag-; pat -un. To make an area plain or clear (from obstruction). Bang mu pantayun in lupaꞌ mu subay mu pilaun in katan kahuy. If you clear your land you must cut down all the trees. n. pantayan A clear area with few trees. Cf.: paslangan, patag. 2 n. pantayan A relatively level site. Cf. būd 1 pantuk1 adj. Expert, skillful. In tau pantuk maluhay makaingat. An expert person can learn easily.    adj. mapantuk Very skillful, highly trained in some special field. Mapantuk tuud siya maghinang kantil. He is very skillful at making a bed.    v. ran -an. To become very skillful or highly trained (in something). Kiyapantukan niya na in hinang yan. She has become very skillful in that work. Cf. panday 1 pantuk2 v. ag mag-; pat -un. To look at (something) intently or steadily, gaze. Pantuka marayaw bat mu kakilahan. Look at him intently so you can recognize him. Cf. atud, kitaꞌ 1, *pandang pantun adj. (Of children or pupils) disciplined, (of animals), tame. Pantun in manga anak niya. Her children are disciplined. Pantun in iruꞌ nila. Their dog is tame.    v. CH 1 ag mag-; pat -un. To discipline (someone), tame (an animal). Pantuna in manga anak mu. Discipline your children. In mastal diꞌ maingat magpantun sin manga anak mulid niya. That teacher doesn’t know how to discipline her pupils. Cf. passut panulak balaꞌ (from tulak₂) n. A ceremony of cleansing.{People go to the sea where they will be bathed

to the recital of selected verses from the holy Quꞌran by an imam or hatib, who splashes them with sea water. It is thought that they can wash off any moral and spiritual affliction or ailment believed to be divine retribution.} Bulan Sappal in panulak balaꞌ. The second month of the Muslim year is the month of the cleansing ceremony.    v. ag mag-. To take part in such a ceremony. Adlaw Albaa in tau magpanulak balaꞌ. Wednesday is the day when people undergo the cleansing ceremony. panun n. Associates, friends, playmates. Nagpamanhut siya iban sin manga panun niya pa kātian. He went hunting with his companions in the forest.    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To be friends or associate (with someone). Ayaw magpanun iban bataꞌ mangiꞌ. Don’t associate with bad children. Panunun mu in manga bataꞌ marayaw addat. Be friends with children who behave well. Cf. bagay, iban 2 panussaꞌ-nussaꞌ v. ag m-, mag-. To criticize (someone) destructively or hurtfully. Ayaw kaw manussaꞌnussaꞌ sin agama sin kaibanan. Don’t criticize the religion of others. Cf. udjuꞌ, guraꞌ-guraꞌ, lagiꞌlagiꞌ, babaꞌ 2 pangadjiꞌ v. ag m-, mag-; pat -un; ran -an. To study, learn, or read (a religious book). Subay in Muslim mangadjiꞌ sin Kuraan. A Muslim must read and study the Koran. Cf. anad pangak n. The stench of urine. Mabahuꞌ pangak in kasilyas. The rest room smells of urine.    v. act/pat mag-. To smell with the smell of urine. Magpangak in lawm bilik bang awn bataꞌ sibiꞌ-sibiꞌ. A room will smell of urine if there is a baby. pangalay n. A dance characterized by slow formal movement (with emphasis on curving arms and fingers. Often mimetic but without religious significance). Subay iyaagaran kulintangan in pangalay. The Tausug slow formal type dance should have a brass gong accompaniment.    v. ag mag-, -um-. To perform this kind of dance. Bukun sadja babai in magpangalay. It is not only women who perform the Tausug slow formal dance. pangalung adj. Coming to another’s house about mealtime in the hope that one will be invited to eat.    v. ag m-, mag-; ran -an. To go (to someone’s house) at mealtime in order to be invited to eat. Bukun addat marayaw in magpangalung pa bāy sin tau dugaing. It’s not a good habit to go to someone else’s

house at mealtime in order to be invited to eat. Cf. *aruꞌ, *harung panganan n. A pretzel-like confection made of rice flour or powdered corn and syrup and fried in oil. Subay awn gulaꞌ bang maghinang panganan. One has to have syrup in order to make pretzel-like confections.    v. ag mag-. To make this confection. Diꞌ siya maingat magpanganan. She doesn’t know how to make the pretzel-like confection. (See Appendix 7: Kinds of Confections Served at Special Occasions) pangandul (from pang + andul) (gimb. andul) n. Confidence, trust, reliance. Way pangandul ku kaymu. I don’t have trust in you.    v. ag m-; ran -an. To trust, have confidence in, rely on (someone). Diꞌ siya mangandul kākuꞌ sin sīn niya. He doesn’t trust me with his money. Ayaw kaw mangandul ha tau diꞌ mu kaingatan. Don’t trust a stanger. Kapangandulan mu siya sin hinang ha lawm bāy. You can rely on her for household chores. Aku in pangandulan nila sin altaꞌ nila. I’m the trustee of their property. Cf. *halap pangannal (from kannal) 1 n. Way of thinking, consciousness. Nalawaꞌ in pangannal niya pagꞌupira kaniya. She lost consciousness when she was operated on. v. ag mag-; pat -un. To think. Magpangannal muna in tau maingat ampa siya tumagnaꞌ maghinang. A knowledgeable person will think first before he/she starts to work. Cf.: akkal 1, pikilan pikil. 2 n. (Mistaken) thought, presumption. Pangannal ku dumatung siya bihayaun. I thought he would arrive now. In pangannal ku mabayaꞌ kaw kaniya. My presumption was that you like him. pangantin n. Bride or bridegroom. In pangantin babai subay diꞌ magkatawa bang adlaw pagtiyaun. The bride should not laugh on the day of the wedding.    v. pat -un. To be or become a bride or bridegroom. Kinsūm siya pangantinun. Tomorrow she will be a bride. panganud n. Clouds. Tigidlum in panganud bang sūng mulan. The clouds darken when it’s about to rain. SYN. gabun pangarap n. A (conversational) prayer. Unu in pangarap mu pa Tuhan? What is your prayer to God?    v. ag mang-. To pray informally (by talking from one’s heart, rather than reciting a memorized prayer). Mangarap aku pa Tuhan sakabaꞌ waktu. I pray (talk) to God every time. Cf. sambahayang, duwaa,

sumba 1 *pangaru v. CV 3 ag m-; pat hi-; goal -an. To refer or appeal (something to someone), consult (with someone about something). Mangaru kita ha manga maas. We will consult with our elders. Hipangaru ta in maana sin kabtangan ini ha tau makahāti. Let’s refer this word to someone who knows its meaning. Pangaruhan ta hi Tuwan Imam pasal ini. Let’s consult Sir Imam about this.    n. pangaruhan A consultant. OV SYN. pariksaꞌ; Cf. asubu *pangasawa v. ag mag-; pat -un. (For a boy’s family) to ask (a girl’s family formally) for her hand in marriage. Magpangasawa kami ha anak niyu. We are asking your daughter’s hand in marriage.    n. pagpangasawa The formal such asking for a girl’s hand in marriage. pangayuꞌ (from ayuꞌ) v. ag m-, mag-; pat -un. To request, beg, ask for (something). Pangayuꞌ kaw sīn kan inaꞌ mu. Ask for money from your mother. Mangayuꞌ aku kaymu tabang. I’ll ask help of you. Nangayuꞌ siya hinang ha mayul. He requested the mayor to help him seek a job. Diꞌ aku magpangayuꞌ tabang kaniya. I don’t ask help from him. Unu in pangayuun mu kākuꞌ? What are you asking me to give you? Pangayuan ta kaw sīn kaniya. I’ll ask him for money to give to you. Cf. sukat pangayuꞌ duwaa v. ag m-. (For a pakil) to say a devotional prayer in Arabic (see duwaa), (for anyone) to pray privately.    n. pagpangayuꞌ duwaa The performance of such a prayer. pangdā-rā (from dā) 1 n. Things carried, goods. 2 n. {Euph.} The external genitals (of either man or woman). pangdan magi n. Fragrant pandanus (used to flavor food). Ha supaya mahamut in tiyugnaꞌ kaunun, subay awn pangdan magi. So that the cooked rice will smell good, there should be fragrant pandanus. (See Appendix 5: Plants) panggal n. A basket-shaped fish trap (smaller than bubu). In panggal ku mataud tuud sūd istaꞌ. My basket-shaped fish trap caught plenty of fish.    v. ag mag-, mang-; pat -un. To catch fish with a basket-shaped fish trap. Namanggal sila pa lawd. They went fishing with a fish trap out to sea. Cf. bubu1 , bingit, laya, linggiꞌ

*panggang v. ag mag-; pat -un. To roast (a whole chicken) on a spit. Butangan pamāpa bang magpanggang manuk. Add spices when you roast chicken on a spit.    adj. piyanggang Roasted on a spit. Nākaun aku piyanggang manuk ha paghinangan. I ate chicken roasted on a spit at the celebration. OV SYN. tapa; Cf. dangdang panggaway1 n. A councilman of a sultan’s court. Piyatawag sin sultan in manga panggaway niya. The king summoned the councilmen of his court. Cf. wajil panggaway2 n. (The general) appearance (of a person). Malingkat isab in panggaway sin babai yan. That woman’s appearance is pleasing. Cf. dagbus, lupa2 panggiꞌ 1 n. A tuber. 2 n. Cassava (that is not yet grated) (see panggiꞌ kahuy). panggiꞌ bagun n. Camote, sweet potato (mixed with rice, it is used as a porridge). Ipomoea batatas (See Appendix 5: Plants) panggiꞌ kahuy n. Cassava (that is not yet grated). Liisun taniyu in panggiꞌ kahuy ini. Let’s grate this cassava. Masarap kaunun in iyaaman panggiꞌ kahuy iban sukal. Boiled cassava is delicious to eat with sugar. Manihot esculenta (See Appendix 5: Plants) panggiꞌ-panggiꞌ n. A kind of indigenous confection made of wheat or rice flour mixed with sugar and a little water to make a dough, then shaped with the hands into a round shape and fried in plenty of oil. (See Appendix 7: Kinds of Confections Served at Special Occasions) panggis n. A bruise (on an area of tissue, a surface, etc.). Maytaꞌ awn panggis ha buktun mu? Why is there a bruise on your arm?    v. pat ma-, mag-. To be or become bruised or scratched. Napanggis in ū sin awtu. The hood of the car was bruised. Napanggis in pais ku sin kuku ku. My skin was bruised by my fingernail. Cf. alum panggung n. A temporary shelter (consisting of a table covered with a tarpaulin or temporary roof). Ha panggung na pakaunun in manga luruk. Feed the guests in the temporary shelter.    v. AR ag mag-; ran -an. To furnish (an area) with such a shelter. Panggungan ta ha giꞌtung sin uma ini.

We’ll make a temporary shelter in the middle of this field. Cf. tingkap panghilas n. A charm (which makes someone develop a feeling of extreme dislike toward something). Butangan ta siya panghilas bat siya diꞌ mayaꞌ ha babai yaun. We’ll put a charm on him so he won’t want that woman.    v. ag mag-; ran -an. To affect (someone) with such a charm. Panghilasan ta siya sin tagi niya magꞌinum alak. We’ll charm him away from his habit of drinking. Panghuꞌ n. Lord, master, any great leader (as of a president of a country). Pangayuun ta ha Tuhan Panghuꞌ bang man kaulian in sakit mu. We will ask the Lord God that you might get better from your sickness. Cf. nakuraꞌ pangikat n. A procedure or method to be followed or observed in prayer. Biyaꞌ diin in pangikat sin sambahayang Hari Raya Puasa? What is the procedure for observing the Hari Raya Puasa prayer? Cf. atulan pangiram n. A strong and sudden craving for a particular kind of food (during the early stages of pregnancy).    v. ag m-, mag-; ran -an. To develop such a craving or liking, crave (something). Nangiram siya kagang. She developed a strong craving for crabs. Unu in piyangiraman sin asawa mu? What does your wife crave? Cf. *budlay pangirug n. One who looks at others contemptuously or scornfully (esp. spoken of women).    v. ag m-; ran -an. To cast a contemptuous or scornful glance (at someone). Subay kita diꞌ mangirug ha tau bang kita dugalan. We should not cast a contemptuous glance at someone when we are angry. Bang ta in tau pangirugan sin way dusa nila kātuꞌ, na dugalan sa yan kātuꞌ. If we cast a scornful glance at someone who has not done us any wrong, he will be angry at us. Cf. *lirung, liꞌgat, dullag, *laꞌtug pangiyan n. A queen. In pangiyan pagꞌaaddatan sin tau katān. The queen is respected by all people. Cf. dayang-dayang pangkaꞌ n. A short stake for fastening cattle.

   v. AR ag mag-; ran -an. To drive a stake into the ground. (Focused item, lupaꞌ, ‘ground’, is understood.) Subay pangkaan ta kahuy paghukutan sin kambing. We should drive a wooden stake into the ground for tying the goat. pangkal adj. Profane, irreverent (also mapangkal). Pangkal in mamung, mahi bahaꞌ aku piyagꞌanak pa. It’s profane to say, I wish I was not born. Bukun marayaw in bichara mapangkal. Profane language is not good. Cf. kupul pangkat 1 n. Lineage. Guwaꞌ siya dayn ha pangkat karatuan. He comes from the royal lineage. Cf. liyuuran 2 n. A story (of a building). Hangpuꞌ pangkat in bāy yan. That building is ten stories high. Cf.: angkap. v. ag mag-; pat -un. To place (something heavy) over (something else); pile, heap into a pile (as plates, books, or pillows). Pangkata in ūan. Heap those pillows into a pile. Cf.: bangkat 1.1. pangkut n. Smallpox. Maglamin in sakit pangkut. Smallpox is contagious. (See Appendix 8: Diseases)    v. ST pat -un. To be or become afflicted with smallpox. Paglanggit kaw bat kaw diꞌ pangkutun. You get yourself vaccinated so you won’t catch smallpox. Cf. utus panglima n. The highest civil official under the sultanate (a title), headman. Panglima in magpasusulut bang awn magkālu ha kawman. The headman is the one to reconcile folks if there are those who fight in the municipality. pangliyas n. A charm to make bullets miss the wearer. In tau taga pangliyas diꞌ kugdanan sin pungluꞌ. A person who has a charm to make bullets miss him will not be hit by a bullet.    v. ag mag-; ran -an. To wear such a charm, be missed (by bullets). In tau pangliyasan sin pungluꞌ taga ilmuꞌ. A person who will be missed by bullets has esoteric knowledge. OV SYN. habay-habay; Cf. kubulan pangpang n. A cliff, precipice. Nahulug in tarak ha pangpang. The bus fell off the cliff. pangsan adj. (Of disease or illness) grave, serious. Pangsan na in sakit sin tau ini. This man’s sickness is grave. OV SYN. kansang; Cf. sangat

pangsut vi. act/pat mag-, -um-; pat -un. (For a liquid) to spurt, gush, shoot out in a stream, spurt in a jerking motion; (for something) to slip out or off (something else, as a thread from the eye of a needle). Miyangsut in duguꞌ dayn ha ū niya. The blood spurted from his head. Miyangsut in pūhan sin utak. The handle slipped off from the blade of the bolo. Cf. *bunsuwang    vt. pat pa-…-un. To jerk or force (something out of its hole, as a tether from the ground, a screw from metal or wood, a pen from its cap, a locknut). Papangsutun ku in pūhan sin utak ini, bagbag na. I’ll jerk off the handle of this bolo, it’s broken. pangtud n. A secondary beam under a house (supporting the floor). Subay makamdus in pangtud bat diꞌ mabaliꞌ in lantay. The secondary beam under a house should be durable so that the floor will not break. pangtungud n. A cousin (must be of the same generation as ego). In anak sin taymanghud sin inaꞌ atawa amaꞌ ku amu in pangtungud ku minsan. The child of my mother’s or father’s sibling is my first cousin. pangtusan n. Sprouted seed of coconuts. Marayaw in tubuꞌ sin pangtusan bang in dahun guwaꞌ dayn ha kīd. The sprouted coconut seed will grow well if its leaf comes out the side. pangtuud n. King post. panguꞌ v. ag mag-; ran -an. To gaze silently and closely (at someone) with the intention of begging. Ayaw kaw magpanguꞌ ha manga tau, makasipug landuꞌ. Do not gaze silently and closely at people with the intention of begging because it is really shameful. Cf. kuruꞌ 1 panyabut v. act mag-, -um-. To call for divine help (when one is in deep pain or dire circumstances by uttering the words Lailaha illawla Muhammadu rasululla [There is no God but Allah and Muhammad is his prophet]). Panyabut kaw bang awn kumugdan masakit kaymu. Call for divine help when something painful happens to you. panyam n. A confection, fried cake of rice, flour and sugar about the size of a small plate. Mataud maghinang panyam bang bulan nispu. Lots of people make fried cakes during the month of commemorating the dead.    v. ag mag-. To make this kind of cake. Magpanyam kami kunsūm. We’ll make (fry) cakes of rice

tomorrow. (See Appendix 7: Kinds of Confections Served at Special Occasions) panyap adj. Complete, equipped (with material things). Panyap in unu-unu niya ha lawm bāy. She has a complete set of home appliances. Cf. lungbus    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To prepare, make (something) complete, get (everything) ready, equip (something). Magpanyap aku sin kagunahan ha bāy. I will prepare the things needed for the house. Panyapa in unu-unu dāhun mu tumulak. Get all the things that you’ll take for the trip ready. Cf. jukup    n. kapanyapan Material belongings, tools, instruments, equipment. Natakaw in kapanyapan sin karpintiru. The tools of the carpenter were stolen. Cf. kalangkapan *langkap panyap palbut adj. Having everything that is needed, complete, fully equipped or furnished. In tau yan panyap palbut. That man has everything he needs. Panyap palbut in lawm bāy niya. Her house is completely furnished. Cf. jukup panyataꞌ (see nyataꞌ) v. To reveal oneself (to someone), manifest, show as proof, reveal or disclose (something). panyuꞌ n. A handkerchief. Tabuni in ilung mu sin panyuꞌ. Cover your nose with a handkerchief. Malingkat iban malanuꞌ in panyuꞌ sin babai yaun. That woman’s handkerchief is clean and beautiful. Pūta in panyuꞌ sin babai yaun, nahulug. You pick up the handkerchief of that woman, it fell. SYN. saputangan    v. AR ag mag-; ran -an. To use or wear a handkerchief. Panyuan ku in liug ku. I’ll wear a handkerchief around my neck. papad 1 adj. Flat (as of one’s feet or shoes, a stone). Papad in siki niya. Her feet are flat. OV SYN. langpad; Cf. datag 2 n. A pad (of writing paper). Bīhi aku hangka-papad katas. Buy me a pad of paper. papagan n. A frame (as of eyeglasses or pictures). In papagan sin samin mata niya nabaliꞌ. The frame of her eyeglasses is broken. Kahuy in papagan sin pattaꞌ. The picture frame is made of wood. papakan n. A charm, talisman, amulet (usu. a stone or the like). Hangkan da way iyūk sin punyal sabab awn papakan niya. That’s why he wasn’t penetrated by the dagger because he had a talisman. Cf.

hampan papanaw (from pa₂ + panaw) n. Enforcement (of a law or rule), (someone’s) intention, (someone’s) life or course of action. Mangiꞌ in papanaw sin tau yaun. That fellow’s intentions are bad. Bukun marayaw in pagpapanaw sin saraꞌ. The enforcement of the law is not proper (i.e., the law is not properly enforced).    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To enforce (as the law), use (something) profitably (as wealth in business), intend (something). Diꞌ siya maingat magpapanaw sin sīn niya. He doesn’t know how to use his money profitably. *papas v. AR ag mag-; ran -an. [-un is also used.] To erase (something, as written or engraved letters). Papasi in sulat ha blackboard. Erase the blackboard. Cf. *pahid, *kukus papata n. A description (of something), an impression (that shows that someone is up to something good or bad). Biyaꞌ ini in papata sin tau liyalawag ku. Here’s the description of the man I’m looking for. Biyaꞌ mangiꞌ in papata sin tau yaun. I have the impression that man is up to no good.    v. ag mag-; pat -un; goal/ben -an. To describe (something), get the impression that someone is up to something good or bad. Papatahun ku kaymu in tau nakakari kaina. I’ll describe to you the person who came here earlier today. Papatahan ta kaw sin dān tudju pa bāy niya. I’ll describe to you the way to her house. *parā (from pa₂ + dā) v. ag mag-; pat hi-; goal -an. To send (someone something). Piyarāhan ku hi inaꞌ sīn. I sent money to my mother. Bang kaw magparā karian na. If you’ll send, give it now. Parāhan mari in badjuꞌ ku ditun. Send here my dress that is there. paraak (from pa₂ + daak) n. Word, a message, or information (sent through someone). Awn paraak mari sin mayul kaymu. The mayor has sent a message for you.    v. ag mag-; pat hi-; goal -an. To send word, a message or information (to someone). Paraaki siya madtu bat niya kaingatan in hinangun niya. Send word to him so he’ll know what to do. Cf. pahāti paradul (var. paradur) n. A closet or moveable cabinet, usu. relatively tall, for holding clothes. parahal adv. Nevertheless, yet, however. Laung mu way sīn mu parahal namī-mī kaw pa tinda kahapun.

You said you had no money, however you were buying at the store yesterday. Cf. malayngkan parang 1 n. Grass. Hubluta in manga parang. Pull out the grass. n. kaparangan Ground covered with grass, pastureland. Cf.: bayli. 2 n. (cap.) The westernmost municipality of Jolo Island. parang musar 1 n. A field in the hereafter where the grasses are pointed and sharp like thorns.{Believed to be the place where the dead are staying while waiting for the day of judgment.} 2 n. The sharp-pointed grass (in this field). Amura in tau baldusa in katunukan sin parang musar. Only sinners will be stuck by the thorns of the sharp-pointed grass. parang sabil (var. of parrang sabil) adj Having died for a noble or heroic deed. parangkang n. A galleon, sailing ship (with two masts). Parangkang in siyakatan nila. They rode in a galleon. In layag sin parangkang duwa, biyaꞌ sapantun pikpik kabaꞌ-kabaꞌ. The sails of the sailing ship are two, just like the wings of a butterfly.    v. TV ag mag-; goal -un. To sail on such a ship. Nagparangkang sila pa Borneo. They are sailing to Borneo. Cf. kumpit2, lipa parasahan 1 n. A feeling of comfort or discomfort (due to one’s health or living conditions). Mangiꞌ in parasahan ku adlaw yan. I don’t feel well today. 2 n. (One’s) living conditions. Marayaw parasahan sin tau dayahan. Rich people have good living conditions. Cf. nanam 2 parat n. Intense heat (of the sun). Miyatay in tiyanum sin parat sin suga. The plants died due to the intense heat of the sun.    adj. maparat (Of the sun) intensely hot. Magpayung kita, maparat in suga. Let’s use an umbrella. The sun is so hot. Cf. pasuꞌ 1 paratsaya (var. parachaya; parassaya) v. ag mag-; ran pag-…-an. To believe, trust, have confidence in (something). Magparatsaya kami sin hambuuk da in Tuhan. We believe that there is only one God. Cf. kahagad parduꞌ n. A (religious) law, ordinance of God. Subay kahagarun in parduꞌ sin Tuhan. We must obey the

law of God. Cf. parman parhimpunan n. An organization, association. Tumabang ha manga tau in maksud sin parhimpunan namuꞌ. The purpose of our organization is to help people. Parhimpunan Dunya. The United Nations. pariꞌ n. A Catholic priest. Tagnaꞌ, kamatauran sin pariꞌ ha Lupaꞌ Sūg Milikan. Before, most of the Catholic priests in Jolo were Americans.    v. ag mag-. To be or become a priest. Awn bataꞌ dayn ha Sūg mabayaꞌ magpariꞌ. There is a youth from Jolo who wants to be a priest. Cf. imam parian n. A market. Mataud tuud tau ha parian bang adlaw Sabtuꞌ. There are many people at the market on Saturdays. SYN. tabuꞌ    adj. parianun Pertaining to the speech of people from Jolo town and coastal areas. ANT. gimbahanun gimba paribay v. ag mag-; goal -an. To walk or pass back and forth so as to attract (someone’s) attention. Magparibay sān in bataꞌ yan supaya karihilan kindi. That child goes back and forth to get your attention so he will be given candy. Cf. labay    n. pagparibay The act of passing back and forth so as to catch (one’s) attention. Mahilu aku sin pagparibay sin babai ini. I’m dizzy because of this woman’s going back and forth to catch attention. pariksaꞌ n. A reliable, verified, or confirmed idea; certain knowledge. Kulang pariksaꞌ aku ha manga sapiꞌ hi Bapaꞌ Lakibul nalawaꞌ. I have no knowledge of how Uncle Lakibul’s cows were lost.    adj. Verified, confirmed, reliable. Pariksaꞌ na tuud sin in kapitan naabut na. It is really verified that the captain was taken (died).    v. ag mag-, mang-; pat -un. To verify, inquire (so as to make sure or certain), ascertain. Pariksaa bang kuꞌnu in tulak sin kappal maghahadjiꞌ. Ascertain when the pilgrimage ship will sail. OV SYN. nyataꞌ; Cf. asubu, *usihat, hāti paril n. A cemented area (usu. an open space). Nagpanayam in manga bataꞌ ha paril. The children played on the cemented area. parinta n. Government (as an organized system). In parinta Pilipinas subay limāya dayn ha kawasa sin

hulaꞌ dugaing. The Philippine government should be free from foreign power.    v. AR ag mang-; ran -an. To rule or govern. Sundalu in mamarinta. Soldiers will be the ones to govern. Diꞌ kami mabayaꞌ parintahan sin tau guwaꞌ hulaꞌ. We don’t want to be ruled by a foreigner.    n. pamarinta Rule, administration. In pamarinta sin mānusiyaꞌ awn sadja saꞌ niya. The rule of man always has a flaw. Cf. saraꞌ 1 parkalaꞌ (var. parakalaꞌ) 1 n. A court case. Unu in parkalaꞌ mu hangkan na kaw najīl? What was the court case that sent you to jail? v. ag mag-; pat -un. To have or file a court case. Subay ta parkalaun in pasal sin pagpatay ha amaꞌ mu. We should file a court case regarding the killing of your father. 2 n. A happening, special event suitable for celebration, occasion. Unu bahaꞌ in parkalaꞌ ha bāy yaun? What’s the occasion they’re celebrating in that house? v. ag mag-; pat -un. To celebrate an occasion. Ayaw na magparkalaꞌ bang way da sīn mu. Don’t celebrate the occasion if you don’t have any money. Cf.: pakaradjaan. parman n. A command, edict, decree, or revelation (from God). Piyanaug sin Tuhan in parman niya pa manga kanabi-nabihan. God caused his command to come to the prophets.    v. ag mag-. [Does not occur with pa₂.] (For God) to give an edict, decree, command, or revelation. Nagparman in Tuhan kan Nabi Musa didtu ha Bud Turusinaꞌ. God gave his command to Prophet Moses at Mount Sinai. Cf. sabda, laung1 parrang v. ag mag-. To fight a war (esp. for a religious or noble cause) (also magparrang sabil). Nagparrang in manga Tausug sabab diꞌ sila mabayaꞌ lungkupan sin bangsa dugaing. The Tausug fought a war because they didn’t want to be oppressed by foreigners. Hipagparrang sin Tausug bang diꞌ hirihil sin parinta in kabayaan nila. The Tausug will go to war if the government doesn’t give them what they want. OV SYN. sabil 1; Cf. bunuꞌ parrang sabil (var. parang sabil) 1 adj. Having died for a noble or heroic deed (esp. in defending the Islamic faith), having died avenging a disgrace to one’s honor or family. In manga tau parrang sabil makapanguraꞌ ha kuraꞌ sambalani. The men who died for a heroic deed will ride on a white-winged horse. v. ag mag-; ran pag-…-an. To die for the cause of upholding Islam.{The victims are usu. Christians,

for a Muslim believes that by killing an infidel he will be bound for heaven riding on a white horse.} 2 n. A woman who died by fate on delivering a baby. paru n. A plan, proposal, suggestion. Way da najatu in paru nila. Their plan didn’t materialize.    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To plan or make a plan, propose or suggest (something). Paruhun ta in pagtulak ta pa Manilaꞌ. Let’s plan our trip to Manila. Paruhan ta kaw sin pagbisnis marayaw. Let me suggest to you a good, profitable business.    adj. maparu Prone to plan things (which usu. don’t materialize). In tau maparu masuhul wayruun kajatuhan niya. A man who is prone to plan things doesn’t turn out satisfactory results. Cf. planu, banu-banu parul n. A kind of lamp (often used for fishing at night). *parūl (see *dūl) v. To indulge (one’s desires), enjoy (what one desires). parula (Tag.) n. A lighthouse, navigational light. Awn jaga duun ha parula. There’s a watchman at the lighthouse. paruli n. Concern, care. Way paruli sin tau yan ha anak asawa niya. That fellow has no care for his wife and children. Way paruli ku minsan aku hibīn mu. I don’t care even if you leave me.    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To have concern or care for (something), pay attention to or take heed of (something). Paruliha marayaw in pagꞌiskul mu. Attend to your studies. In babai yan diꞌ maingat magparuli sin lawm bāy niya. That woman doesn’t know how to pay attention to her house. Subay parulihun sin maas in hinang sin manga anak nila. Parents must be concerned for the activities of their children. Cf. isbat parungug (from pa₂ + dungug) v. ag mag-; goal -an. To talk indirectly (against someone so as to hurt the feelings). Ayaw na kaw magparungug sin kangian sin tau yan. Don’t talk indirectly about the bad things of that man. Hundung na kaw ha pagparungugan ha banta mu bat na mayan kamu diꞌ magkālu. Stop talking indirectly against your enemy so that you will not be quarreling with each other. SYN. paandig pasa n. A divorce (instituted by judicial decree as provided for under Muslim law).

   v. ag mag-; ran -an. To obtain a legal certificate of divorce, file for a divorce (in a religious court). Pasahan ku na in asawa ku supaya matarrang na in pagbugit namuꞌ. I’ll get a divorce paper so that our divorce will be legal. Miyadtu sila nagpasa pa saraꞌ agama. They went to the religious court to file for a divorce. Cf. pagtallak *tallak, *bugit 2 *pasād (from pa₂ + sād) v. ag mag-; ran -an. To leave alone, neglect, take no care of, overlook. Ayaw mu siya pasāri ha bāy isa-isa niya. Don’t leave her alone in the house by herself. Pasāri na siya maghinang sin kabayaan niya. Let him be to do what he wants. Subay kaw diꞌ magpasād sin baran mu bang awn sakit mu. You shouldn’t neglect your body when you are sick.    adj. mapasād Neglectful, taking no care about (something). Mapasād siya ha manga anak niya. She is neglectful of her children. pasagiꞌ n. A long, broad, thick board; plank; anything square-shaped or approximately so. Katkata ba in pasagiꞌ ini kākuꞌ. Will you please saw this plank for me.    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To form a four-sided shape (out of something), square (something). Pasagiun ku in batang ini, hinangun hagdan. I’ll square this log to make it into stairs.    adj. namasagiꞌ Square-shaped. Namasagiꞌ in bāy yan. That house is square-shaped. Cf. digpiꞌ, listun pasal1 rel. Because of, about, concerning. Pasal unu in kiyamatay niya? Because of what was the reason for (i.e., what was the cause of) his death? Baytaan ta kaw sin pasal niya. I’ll tell you about him. SYN. sabab; Cf. palihālan pasal2 [gimbahanun]n. A market. pasampay (from pa₂ + sampay) n. A message. In pasampay ini naug dayn ha upis sin Mayul. This message comes from the mayor’s office.    v. ag mag-; pat -un, hi-; goal -an. To send or deliver (a message), send word; cause (something) to reach (someone), dedicate (something to someone, as a song or poem). Aku na in magpasampay sin baytaꞌ mu kaniya. I’ll deliver your message to her. Pasampayan in amānat ku kan amaꞌ. Have my message reach father. Hipasampay ku in kalangan ku kan inaꞌ. I dedicate my song to my mother. Cf. amanat, datung 1    n. kiyapasampayan One through whom (a message) is sent. Taymanghud mu in kiyapasampayan ku

sin amanat kan inaꞌ mu. Your brother was the one through whom the message was sent to your mother. OV SYN. daak *pasang n. A pair, set (of material things). Bīhi aku hangka-pasangan tawmpaꞌ. Buy me a pair of shoes. Limangka-pasangan pamulawan in ungsud kaniya. Her bride price was five sets of jewelry.    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To put (things together) into sets or groups. Pasangun ku upat-upat in hangkapasangan lāy. I’ll put this set of plates into groups of four. Cf. limbang pasaw adj. No good, weak, stale, old stock (of canned goods, merchandise, batteries); (of a license or permit) expired. Pasaw na in batiri sin plaslayt mu. The batteries of your flashlight are weak already. Pasaw na in sardinas ini. These sardines are stale.    v. pat ma-. To become stale, no good, weak, old stock; (for a license or permit) to expire. Pagdagangan na maluhay in siga yan bat diꞌ mapasaw. Sell the cigarettes cheaply so they won’t become stale. Cf. baꞌlus 1, paltik pasay adj. Of the same extent or degree, equal. In pamikil sin amaꞌ ha manga anak nila pasay. A father thinks of all his children equally. Pasay in hunaꞌ-hunaꞌ sin mastal tudju pa manga bataꞌ. The thinking of a teacher about the pupils is equal (i.e., he thinks of them all as equal). Cf. samuwa pasihat1 n. An attitude or character (that hints a positive or negative impression). Biyaꞌ mangiꞌ tuud in pasihat sin tau yaun. The attitude of that man seems very bad.    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To observe (someone to see what kind of character he is). Subay ta pasihatun marayaw in addat sin tau yan. We should observe closely the character of that person.    v. goal ka-…-an. [Does not occur with pa₂.] To detect (something peculiar on a person) by observation. Kiyapasihatan ku man siya sugarul diꞌ na aku mangandul. When I detected his being a thief I didn’t trust him any more. OV SYN. papata pasihat2 n. A sign (that immediately precedes death). In pasihat kaniya sin Tuhan inīgan siya pangdungug. The loss of his hearing was a sign to him from God of his coming death. Nakakitaꞌ na siya sin pasihat pa kamatay. He saw a sign of his coming death. Cf. tandaꞌ pāsik n. A transgressor, sinner, irreligious person, someone without religious teaching. Subay nasihatan marayaw in manga tau pāsik. People without religious teaching should be taught well. Cf. baldusa

pasil n. A small smooth stone (usu. found along river banks), pebble. Mamūt kitaniyu pasil ha higad subaꞌ. Let’s pick up pebbles along the river edge. Cf. batu, kalang1 pasisil n. {Rare} District, community, place, locality. Nalibut ku in pasisil sin Parang. I’ve gone over the district of Parang. Cf. kawman, lūngan *pasiyal (Tag.) v. ag mag-; goal -un, -an. [With -un, the focus is on the stroll; with -an, on the place strolled to.] To take a stroll, walk or trip for pleasure. Magpasiyal kami pa Manila. We’ll take a pleasure-trip to Manila. Cf. *haykal-haykal paslangan n. A (big) open area (of uninhabited land) with no or very little vegetation. Wayruun tau maghulaꞌ ha paslangan. No one lives in an open area with no vegetation. Cf. pantay 1 paslud v. ST pat -um-. To be or become vigorous, energetic, powerful; do something energetically or quickly. Maslud in dāgan sin kuraꞌ bang marayaw in pagkaun niya. The horse’s running will become faster if its food is good. Siya in nagdaak magpapaslud sin hinang. She ordered (them) to speed up the work. Papaslura in paghinang mu. Make your work energetic (i.e., work energetically).    adj. mapaslud Vigorous, powerful and swift, quick in movement, energetic, brisk. Mapaslud siya dumāgan. She runs powerfully and swiftly. Cf. kusug 1, sapat paspad v. ag mag-; ran -an. To wriggle; twist sideways, up and down, and to and fro. Kitaa madtu bang maytaꞌ in manuk usug yaun nagpapaspad. Go there and find out why that rooster is wriggling. Cf. *iggual, limpasag *paspas1 v. AR ag mag-; ran -an. To get rid of by brushing off, brush off (something). Paspasi in buhangin ha tawmpaꞌ mu. Brush off the sand on your shoes. OV SYN. jabjab *paspas2 v. ag mag-; ran -an. To put forth a sudden burst of speed, exert physical effort. Paspasi in hinang mu bat kita diꞌ abutan ulan. Speed up your work so we won’t get caught by the rain. Cf. samut passal n. A plant whose leaves are used as coloring for fingernails. Mula in kuku mu bang mu butangan passal. Your fingernails will become red if you put the coloring plant on them.    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To color the fingernails with such leaves. Subay na kukunsumun in pagtiyaun

ampa kaw magpassal. It should be the day before the wedding when you apply the coloring leaves.    v. ag mang-. (For a member of the bridegroom’s family or party) to color a bride’s fingernails (the day before the wedding). Mamassal na ha pangantin in manga kausugan. The members of the man’s family will color the bride’s fingernails. *passik v. AQ ag/goal mag-; pat -un. To pull the trigger (of a gun), to move (a finger) in a trigger-pulling motion. Ayaw naa passika in sinapang mu. Don’t pull the trigger of your rifle yet. Ayaw na kaw magbissara mataud, tumaka passikan ta kaw sin sinapang ini. Don’t talk so much. Before long I’ll pull the trigger of this rifle on you. Cf. *utung passut adj. (Of an animal) tame or trained to return home, (of a baby) quiet. Marayaw panguraan in kuraꞌ passut. A tame horse is nice to ride on. Passut tuud in bataꞌ-bataꞌ yan. That baby is so quiet.    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To train or tame (a child or an animal). Marayaw in anak ta passutun supaya diꞌ makabāk kālu. It is better to train our children so that they will not be in trouble. Cf. pantun pastan n. A basin. Ha pastan mu hugasi in manga lāy. Wash the dishes in your basin. Cf. undam, batiyaꞌ pastiꞌ n. Three of a kind (in certain card games). Dimaug siya nagpanayam sabab in sugal niya pastiꞌ sadja. He won the game because his cards were always three of a kind. pasu1 n. A clay flowerpot. pasu2 v. ag mag-; pat -un; ran -an. To horserace. Masūb in manga karatuan magpasu. Datus enjoy horseracing. Pasuhun ku na in kuraꞌ ku. I’ll enter my horse in the race. Pasuhan ku na in kuraꞌ ini kunsum. I’ll race this horse tomorrow (i.e., I’ll be the jockey). pasuꞌ 1 n. Heat, warmth, high temperature. Diꞌ kasandalan in pasuꞌ sin hulaꞌ yan. I can’t bear the heat of this place. vt. ag mag-; pat -un. To heat (something). Pasuun ku mayan in mistang. I’ll just heat the gruel later. vi. ST pat -um-, -un. (For something) to become hot, (for someone) to feel hot. Pasuun kaw lumugay. After a while you’ll feel hot. adj. mapasuꞌ Hot, warm. Mapasuꞌ bang panuga. It’s so warm during the summer. Mapasuꞌ in pais niya. Her skin is hot (i.e., she has a high temperature).

2 n. Anger, temper. Subay mu diꞌ dūlan in pasuꞌ mu. You should restrain your temper. v. ST pat mag-, -um-. To become angry, be in a bad mood, become short-tempered. Ayaw mu siya paglanguga gana-gana masuꞌ. Don’t tease him, he might get angry. Ayaw kaw magsuuk ha tau miyamasuꞌ. Don’t get near a person who is in a bad mood. Cf.: dugal, astul, amā, mulkaꞌ 1. adj. mapasuꞌ (With ū) quick-tempered, hotheaded. Ayaw kaw maglangug ha tau mapasuꞌ ū. Don’t tease a quick-tempered person. 3 adj./adv. mapasuꞌ Unlucky (of a day or month [e.g., for planting], a house, one’s hands). Mapasuꞌ in bāy bang bakas giyaban sin hās. A house is unlucky if a snake has gotten up into it. ANT. mahaggut haggut1 4 pasuꞌ atay n. Hot temper, short temper.    adj. mapasuꞌ atay Hot-tempered, short-tempered. In magnakuraꞌ subay bukun mapasuꞌ atay. A leader should not be hot-tempered. (See atay for table.) pasuꞌ duguꞌ adj. mapasuꞌ duguꞌ Fond of love-making, sensual, amorous, passionate. In kaibanan datuꞌ mapasuꞌ in duguꞌ. Some datus are amorous. pasulig (from pa₂ + sulig) n. Baking powder, yeast. In pasulig hipagpabuskag sin bangbang. The baking powder is for making the cookies swell.    v. AR ag mag-; ran -an. To add baking powder (to something, as batter or dough). Subay pasuligan in addun ini. This batter should have baking powder added to it. pasung n. A kind of cone-shaped confection (made of a very light dough of wheat or rice flour mixed with coconut milk and sugar, and boiled in a banana leaf cone).    v. ag mag-. To make this kind of confection.    v. pat -un. To make (flour or rice flour) into this confection. Pasungun ku in tapung ini. I’ll make cone-shaped confections with this rice flour. (See Appendix 7: Kinds of Confections Served at Special Occasions) pasuwaꞌ n. Money given away as goodwill (by a person who wins in gambling). Dīhilan niya aku pasuwaꞌ sabab dimaug siya nagpanayam. He gave me money as goodwill because he won in gambling.    v. ag mag-; pat hi-; goal -an, -un. (For one who wins in gambling) to give away money (he won).

Hipasuwaꞌ ku in hangpuꞌ pilak ini ha bagay ku. I’ll give away these ten pesos to my friend. Cf. *hampit pataꞌ n. A section (of a bamboo or sugar cane). Mabayaꞌ aku mamī hangka-pataꞌ patung. I want to buy one section of a bamboo. Nangayuꞌ aku hangka-pataꞌ tubu. I asked for one section of sugar cane.    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To cut (a bamboo or sugar cane) into sections. Magpataꞌ sila sin manga patung. They’ll cut the bamboos into sections. patag adj. Level, horizontal (plane), (of elevations) the same. Patag in taas sin bāy ini iban iskul yadtu. The elevation of this house and that school house is the same.    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To level (something). Patagun ta in halaman sin bāy ini. Let’s level the yard of the house.    n. papatag A level (carpenter’s tool). Kalagihan ta in papatag ha paghinang bāy. We need a level in constructing a house. Cf. pantay 1, datag patahan 1 n. Threshold, doorsill. Yaun siya nagtitindug ha patahan lawang. She’s there standing at the threshold. 2 n. A platform on which rice is threshed. patay 1 n. A dead body (of a human or animal). Pila in taud sin patay naitung mu? How many dead bodies have you counted? Cf.: bangkay, mayat. adj. (Of an animate object) dead. Patay na in amaꞌ niya. His father is dead. vt. ag mang-; pat -un. To kill (someone). Siya in mamatay ha gubnul. He will kill the governor. Piyatay niya in nakabunuꞌ ha amaꞌ niya. He killed (the person) who murdered his father. vi. ag -um-. To die. Matay kaw bang kaw diꞌ magpaubat. You’ll die if you don’t seek medical treatment. Lillaꞌ aku matay bang pasal mu. I’m more than willing to die for your sake. Cf.: *marihang, *lindung, *wapat, *maruhum. vt. ag mag-. To kill (reciprocally). Lānga in manga tau magkālu bat sila diꞌ magpatay. Stop the people who are quarreling so that they won’t kill each other. Cf.: bunuꞌ. matay (derv.) v. To wail as in mourning or lamentation. 2.1 v. pat -un. To shut or turn off (an engine, light, water tap, radio). Pataya in ilaw. Turn off the light. Piyatay niya in makina sin jip. He turned off the jeep’s engine. Cf. pūng

2.2 vi. (For something) to come to an end (as if being killed, deadened). Miyatay na in bayaꞌ ku kaniya. My affection for him has died. OV SYN. lawaꞌ2 2.3 adj. patay-patay Slow, lacking vigor and enthusiasm to act or do (something); sluggish, inactive, indisposed to exertion, slothful. Bang kaw patay-patay wayruun kasūngan mu. If you’re so slow and inactive you won’t amount to anything. Ayaw kaw magkawaꞌ sin tau patay-patay maghinang. Don’t hire a slothful person. Cf. lallay, luming 3 v. ag -um-. (To do something) intensely, earnestly or persistently (in an attempt to achieve or gain something). Matay na siya magꞌusaha saꞌ way da matawꞌ niya minsan hambuuk sīn. He works extremely hard to earn money, but he can’t save a single cent. Matay na kaw mamayaꞌ-mayaꞌ kaniya saꞌ diꞌ da siya mayaꞌ kaymu. You are persistently courting her, but she’ll never fall for you. Cf. tuyuꞌ 4 adj. piyapatay (Of water) boiled. Tubig piyapatay in pagꞌinumun namuꞌ. We drink boiled water. 5 adj. (Of an excuse [daawa]) flimsy, ineffectual. Ayaw kaw magdungug sin daawa patay. Don’t listen to flimsy excuses. patay in suratan adj. Having no luck in getting married, destined to be unmarried (lit. fate is dead). Mataud na in nangasawa kaniya, saꞌ sampay bihaun way nakabana. Marayꞌ patay in suratan niya. Many (men) have asked her hand in marriage, but until now she is unmarried. She’s probably destined to be unmarried. pati adv. Always, characterized by, given to. Pati hapdiꞌ in manga bataꞌ ini. These children are always hungry. Pati babai in apuꞌ ku usug. My grandfather is given to sexual promiscuity with women. Pati inum in liyuuran namuꞌ. Our clan is given to drinking alcoholic drinks. pātihaꞌ n. The opening chapter of the Koran. Pātihaꞌ in puunan sin sambahayang. The beginning of prayer is marked by the opening chapter of the Koran.    v. ag mag-. To mutter or recite the opening chapter of the Koran. Magpātihaꞌ aku bang sūng matūg. I recite the opening chapter of the Koran when I’m about to sleep. patik n. A slave of or subject of a sultan. Diꞌ makaalup in patik pa sultan. A slave cannot face his king. Cf. banyagaꞌ, īpun patikuwan n. A coffeepot, teapot. Hinang kaw kahawa ha patikuwan. Make coffee in the coffeepot. SYN.

kapitira patliꞌ v. ag mag-; pat -un. To solder, patch, repair (metal). Papatlian in anglit ini. Have this pot soldered.    n. magpapatliꞌ A solderer, a person who repairs metal. Dāha pa magpapatliꞌ in tangki buslut. Take the broken tank to the solderer. Cf. *pikit 1.1 pattaꞌ n. A picture, portrait, photograph, sketch, map. Pakitaan kākuꞌ in pattaꞌ niya kalu ku kakilahan. Show me his picture, I might recognize him.    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To take a photograph (of something). Pattaun ku in manga bataꞌ maggraduwit. I’ll take pictures of the graduating children. patti n. A box, trunk, (with basiꞌ) safe. Tawꞌan ha patti basiꞌ in pilak mu. Store your money in the iron safe. Cf. bakag2, labban patuꞌ n. A duck (larger-bodied than itik and with a shorter neck). Maingat lumanguy in patuꞌ ha tubig. A duck knows how to swim in water. (See Appendix 1: Birds and Flying Insects) patuk n. A woodworking tool for scraping.{Consists of a wide chisel fixed in a head made of woven rattan at the end of a long curved handle. The striking angle of the chisel blade can be adjusted.} Kagunahan sin karpintiru in patuk. Carpenters need the scraping tool. patulakan n. A kind of indigenous confection made from pounded rice mixed with sugar and shredded coconut, wrapped in banana leaves, and boiled. Masarap iban maymuꞌ in patulakan. The pounded rice confection is sweet and delicious.    v. ag mag-. To make this kind of confection. Hinang kaw tapung magpatulakan kita. Make rice flour and we’ll make pounded rice confection. (See Appendix 7: Kinds of Confections Served at Special Occasions) patung1 n. Bamboo. Hinangun ta dagtung in patung ini. We’ll use this bamboo for a water container. Cf. kayawan, lahiꞌ patung2 v. ag mag-; pat -un. To look at (something) carefully or earnestly. Patunga in bayhuꞌ niya. Look at her face carefully. Cf. atud, ilag1, kitaꞌ 1, *pandang, liling

patut adj. Right, just, lawful, morally good, proper, correct. Bukun patut jīlun in tau way dusa. It is not lawful to put an innocent person in jail.    n. kapatutan That which someone has a just claim to; a right; power, privilege, property, etc. that belongs to someone by law, nature, or tradition. Way kapatutan mu magpaīg kākuꞌ dayn ha upis. You have no right to dismiss me from office. Cf. bunnal *paus v. ag mag-; pat -un. To peel and chew (sugarcane). Ayaw na kaw magpaus tubu gana-gana mabaliꞌ in ipun mu. Don’t peel and eat sugarcane or you’ll break your teeth.    n. pagpaus The act of peeling and chewing sugarcane. Hindui siya bang biyaꞌ diin in pagpaus sin tubu. Teach him how to peel and chew the sugarcane. Cf. pais pāw v. pat ma-. (For an emotion) to lessen, minimize, decrease. In addat niya mangiꞌ nakapāw sin bayaꞌ ku kaniya. Her bad character has lessened my love for her. OV SYN. baluba 1; Cf. kūꞌ, kulang2 1 pawas adj. Unlucky, ill-starred.{Esp. spoken of a person who always or frequently loses an opportunity, loses in gambling, etc.} In tau pawas mahunit magpakabāk hinang. It’s hard for an unlucky person to find work. Cf. bulsit *pawli v. ag mag-, mang-; goal -an. To take revenge (for the death of one’s family or kin), avenge (such a death). Namawli in anak sin tau nabunuꞌ kahapun. The son of the man who was murdered yesterday took revenge. Pawlihan nila sa yan in pagpatay ha taymanghud nila. They will take revenge for the death of their brother. Cf. baws *pawppuꞌ n. pagpawppuꞌ Abstersion, cleansing (after defecation or urination). Bukun matimud in pagpawppuꞌ mu ha bataꞌ. Your cleansing of the baby is not complete.    v. AR ag mag-, mang-; ran -an. To cleanse (oneself or someone) with water (after defecation or urination). Bang kaw mihiꞌ subay kaw mamawppuꞌ. After you urinate you should cleanse yourself with water. Pawppuan ku mān in bataꞌ-bataꞌ. I’ll clean the child up with water. Bang ha Muslim diꞌ manjari in kātas hipamawppuꞌ. A Muslim can’t use paper for cleansing. pawyu-pawyu adv. Everywhere, anywhere. Pawyu-pawyu aku naglawag kaymu. I searched for you everywhere. Cf. pakain-pakain pakain

pāy n. Unhusked rice. Mataud in naani nila pāy. They harvested lots of unhusked rice.    adj. mapāy Characterized by having lots of unhusked rice. Ayaw kaw magbī sin bugas mapāy. Don’t buy cooking rice that has lots of unhusked rice mixed in. Cf. bugas, kaunun kaun 2.2 paya adj. Lacking physical strength, weak (as from hunger, sickness, or exhaustion). Paya na siya ha paghinangan niya mabuꞌgat. He is already weak from working so hard.    v. pat ma-, magka-. To lack physical strength, be or become (physically) weak. Hangkan na siya napaya sabab hapdiꞌ. She is weak because of her hunger. OV SYN. luya; Cf. hapus, lamma payguꞌ (from pa₂ + liguꞌ) v. ag mag-, mang-; pat -un; ran -an. To take a bath (mang-), bathe (someone [-an or -un]). Payguꞌ na kaw bābā awn tubig. Take a bath while there is water. Diꞌ aku mabayaꞌ mamayguꞌ bang mahaggut. I don’t like to take a bath when it is cold. Paygua ba in manghud mu. Bathe your younger sibling. Cf. *haplas, liguꞌ paylu n. Denial. Biyaꞌ bunnal in paylu sin tau ini. This man’s denial seems true.    v. ag mag-, mang-; ran -an. [Requires negative with the statement being denied.] To deny (something). Ayaw kaw mamaylu, kītaꞌ ta kaw nagdā sin bāg. Don’t deny it, I saw you carrying the bag. Namaylu sila, sin way sila nakatakaw sin sīn. They denied that they stole the money.    adj. pamaylu Prone to deny. In tau putingan asal pamaylu. A liar is always prone to deny. paypaꞌ n. The midrib of a leaf (spoken of the palm tree and banana). Kawai ba aku paypaꞌ sayng. Get me a banana leaf midrib. paysiꞌ adj. Miserly (usu. of Chinese merchants). In dagbus sin Lannang paysiꞌ ini. Pshaw! you miserly Chinese. Cf. kuriput, kaykit, ikutan/maikut ikut, mabista *bista payukan n. A sea turtle. Bang mangiklug in payukan mataud tuud. When a sea turtle lays eggs there are very many. Cf. bauu payung n. An umbrella. Dā kaw payung, gana-gana mulan. Carry an umbrella. It may rain.    v. AR ag mag-; ran -an. To use an umbrella, cover (someone) with an umbrella. Payungi in iban mu bat diꞌ mabasaꞌ sin ulan. Cover your companion with your umbrella so she won’t get wet. Subay kita magpayung. Mapasuꞌ tuud in suga yan. We’d better use an umbrella. It’s very hot today. Cf. ubul-

ubul1 pī v. ag mag-; ran ka-…-an. To owe (in gambling because of not having put one’s bet on the table). Guwaan na in sīn mu sabab kiyapīhan na kaw mataud. Bring out your money, because you owe a lot now. pīꞌ 1 v. ag mag-, mang-; pat -un. To choose, select, pick out, discriminate, decide. Pīꞌ na kaw sin kamatis kabayaan mu. Pick out the tomatoes you want. Ikaw na in magpīꞌ sin kabayaan mu. You make your choice. Diꞌ siya magpīꞌ tau. He doesn’t discriminate between people. Pīꞌ na kaw bang unu in hinangun ta. Decide on what we are going to do. Pīan ta kaw sin hinug kapaya. I’ll pick out a ripe papaya for you. adj. mapīꞌ Choosy, fastidious, hard to please, discriminating. Mapīꞌ siya ha pagkaun. She is a fastidious eater. 2 v. ag mag-, mang-; ran -an. To remove unhusked rice or other particles (from cooking rice). Pīan ku na in bugas bat matugnaꞌ. I’ll remove the unhusked rice from the cooking rice so we can cook it. *piꞌpiꞌ n. ag mag-, mang-; ran -an. To sit on the floor with knees bent and arms folded over the knees (the legs are not crossed). Ayaw kaw mamiꞌpiꞌ duun, malummiꞌ. Don’t sit there, it’s dirty. OV SYN. pilang1; Cf. pūkut piꞌtang n. A white metal (made by mixing zinc with brass). Pangayui kita piꞌtang ha magpapatliꞌ. Ask some white metal for us from the solderer. Cf. tumbaga piddas (var. pidlas) n. A flat-bottomed boat (for carrying freight on rivers or along the shore in shallow water, similar to a barge but smaller). In piddas sasakatan umuntas tubig atawa manusul ha daplakan hunasan. A flat-bottomed boat is used to carry passengers or freight across a river and along the seashore.    v. TV ag mag-; goal -un. To travel on such a boat. Magpiddas kita pa Bangngas. We’ll travel on a flatbottomed boat to Bangngas. Cf. bangkaꞌ1 pidju n. Angle, corner (usu. in the phrase upat pidju ālam/dunya). Nalibut niya in upat pidju ālam. He has gone around the four corners of the universe (i.e., toured the world.)

pidpid adv. Tremblingly (as from fear, cold, hunger, excitement). Pidpid na siya timabuk sin sīn. He received the money tremblingly. Pidpid na siya dimāgan. He fled tremblingly.    v. ag mag-, mang-. To tremble, shiver. Mamidpid sa kān sin hapdiꞌ bang kaw diꞌ makakaun duway adlaw. You’ll tremble with hunger if you don’t eat for two days. SYN. tatat; OV SYN. *jugjug pigiꞌ 1 n. Buttocks. Ha pigiꞌ siya īnjiksiyunan sin duktur. The doctor injected him in the buttocks. 2 n. The flanks (of a mountain). Yadtu na sila ha pigiꞌ būd. They are there on the flanks of the mountain. *pigsik (var. tigsik) 1 vt. AR ag mang-; ran -an. To splatter, spatter, (something on something) (as of water, grease, splintered metal, or mud). Ayaw kaw magpigsik sin tubig malummiꞌ yan. Don’t splatter that dirty water. Pīgsikan niya aku sin tubig. She splashed me with water. vi. act/pat mag-, -um-; ran ka-…-an. To splatter, spatter. Kiyapigsikan sin pisak in badjuꞌ ku. My dress got spattered with mud. Kiyapigsikan siya sin supik sin murtal. He was spattered with the shrapnel of the mortar. Tabuni in kakaun bat diꞌ kapigsikan sin lummiꞌ. Cover the food so it won’t be splattered on by dirt. Cf.: *sabulak. 2 v. ran -an. To share (something with someone). Pigsiki aku mari sin sīn diyaugan mu ha pagpanayaman. Share the money you won from gambling with me. pigtus v. act/pat -um-, mag-; ran ka-…-an. To glance off (something), ricochet, curve. Mīgtus in pungluꞌ dayn ha simintu. The bullet glanced off from the cement wall. Kiyapigtusan siya sin pungluꞌ. He was glanced off by the bullet.    v. ran -an. To change the direction of, curve (something). Pīgtusan niya tuud in pagtiluꞌ niya sin būla hangkan mahunit sāmbutun. He really curved (his throwing of) the ball that’s why it was hard to catch. Cf. liyap pihak n. A tribe, clan. OV SYN. bangsa    adj. Native (to a place). Pihak siya Tausug. He’s a native Tausug. Cf. purul    v. ag mag-; pat -un; ran -an. To separate or segregate (people), discriminate (against someone). Subay pihakun in tau mataud ini supaya di maglamugay. This crowd must be segregated so that they (i.e., different tribes) won’t be mixed together. Wayruun pagpihak tau ha Lupaꞌ Sūg. There’s no discrimination against people in Sulu.

   adj. pihakan (Of a certain tribe) characterized (by something). piil n. Actions, deeds. Amura in dayaw piil in marā pa ahirat. Your good deeds are the only things you’ll be able to bring to the afterlife.    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To act, imitate (the actions of someone). Piilun natuꞌ in piil sin manga kanabihan amu in kiyalasahan sin Tuhan. Let’s imitate the actions of the prophets whom God loved. Cf. addat, tabiat, laku pikal n. Worry, anxiety. Diꞌ aku makakitaꞌ kahulaꞌ-hulaan sabab sin pikal ku ha manga anak asawa ku hikabīn. I cannot see places because of my anxiety over leaving behind my wife and children.    adj. Worried, anxious. Ayaw kaw mapikal sin pasal nila. Don’t be worried about them.    v. ag mag-; ran ka-…-an. To worry, be anxious. Diꞌ aku makauwiꞌ pasal awn pa kiyapikalan sin pamikil ku. I can’t go home yet because there is something my mind is anxious about. Walaꞌ siya nagꞌūs-ꞌūs miyagad sabab kiyapikalan niya in hinang niya. She didn’t come along right away because she was worrying about her work. Cf. susa pikat n. A mucous discharge from the eye (often euphemistically called ‘sand’ or ‘sleep’ in English). Īgi in pikat ha mata mu. Get rid of the sand in your eye.    v. ST act mag-; pat -un. To have a sticky discharge (on the eyes). Pikatun/Magpikat in mata ta bang kita bībilas. Our eyes have a discharge when we have inflammation of the eyes. Pamaꞌmus kaw madtu. Pīpikat pa kaw yan. Go wash. Your eyes are all sticky. Cf. liblib pikil n. A thought. Unu in pikil mu kākuꞌ? What is your thought about me (i.e., what do you think of me)?    v. ag mag-, mang-; pat -un. To think. Pikila in manga anak mu. Think of your children.    n. pikilan The result of thinking, thought, idea, opinion, concept. Way aku kiyaamuhan sin pikilan mu. I don’t agree with your idea.    n. pamikil (The act or process of) thinking, power of reasoning or of conceiving ideas. Biyaꞌ diꞌ magkugdan in pamikil mu yan. Your thinking seems to be incoherent. Cf. akkal 1, taliꞌ, *kannal way pikilan (comp.) n. Not stopping to think, thoughtless. *pikit 1.1 v. CV 1 ag mag-; pat -un, hi-; ran -an. To stick to, paste (something somewhere). Pikitan in pattaꞌ ini ha dingding. Paste this picture on the wall.

vi. act/pat -um-. To adhere to something. Diꞌ mikit in kātas ini pa dingding. This paper won’t adhere to the wall. n. pipikit paste, glue. Timugas na in pipikit ini. This glue has hardened. 1.2 v. ag -um-. To cling (to someone, esp. of a child who is emotionally attached to his mother). Mīmikit sadja in bataꞌ ini ha inaꞌ niya. This child is always clinging to his mother. Cf. luway-luway 2 v. ag mang-. To affiliate with (a family) through marriage, marry into (a family). Mahunit in mamikit ha dayahan. It’s hard to marry into a rich family. n. piyamikitan A relative by marriage, in-law. Ayaw kaw maghulaꞌ ha manga piyamikitan mu. Don’t live with your in-laws. pikpik n. A wing (of a bird or plane). Uturi in pikpik sin manuk-manuk bat diꞌ makalupad. Trim the bird’s wings so it can’t fly. *pikuꞌ v. CH 1 ag mag-; pat -un. To bend (something, as iron or rattan). Pikua kunuꞌ in basiꞌ yaun. Will you bend that iron please. Cf. kalluk, kulluk pikuk adj. Crippled (by having the arm bent, not from birth). Pikuk in buktun niya. His arm is crippled. Cf. pingkaꞌ pikul n. A unit of weight equivalent to 100 kilos. Pila mu bayaran in hangka-pikul lahing? How much will you pay for 100 kilos of copra? Cf. kīlu *pikul v. ag mag-; pat -un. To squeeze (the neck with the purpose of choking), choke (someone). Pīkul niya in liug sin iban niya. He squeezed the neck of his companion. Cf. tabid, *pugaꞌ pikut n. The common housefly. Subay diꞌ patapuun in pikut ha pagkaun. Flies should not be allowed to light on food. pila n. How much? How many? Pila in miyatay sundalu? How many soldiers died? Pila in kiyabī mu sin badjuꞌ yan? How much did you buy that dress for? Diꞌ ku kaingatan bang pila in kiyabī. I don’t know how much was paid. pilaꞌ v. CH 1 ag mag-; pat -un; ran -an. To cut down (trees). Pilaꞌ kaw duwa puun niyug. Cut down two coconut trees. Pagpilaꞌ kamu madtu kahuy. Go and cut down some trees. Magpilaꞌ kami kahuy

kunsūm. We’ll cut down trees tomorrow. Pilaun ta in puun sayng ini. Let’s cut down this banana plant. Pilaan ta kaw hangka-puun niyug. I’ll cut down one coconut tree for you. Cf. *tuis (See utud for table.) *pilad v. ST pat ma-, magka-. To be lured, allured, tempted, enticed, seduced. Mapilad sa yan in īman mu sin lingkat niya. You’ll be allured by her beauty. In pilak makapilad sin īman sin tau. Money tempts people. pilak 1 n. Silver (the metal). Pilak in pūhan sin kalis niya. The hilt of his kris is silver. 2 n. Money, pesos. Awn hangpuꞌ pilak ku. I have ten pesos. Cf. altaan altaꞌ, dayahan daya pilanduk 1 n. A mousedeer, chevrotain. (See Appendix 4: Animals, Non-flying) 2 n. A rabbit. Malagguꞌ in taynga sin pilanduk. A rabbit’s ears are big. (See Appendix 4: Animals, Nonflying) pilang1 v. ag mang-; ran kapang-…-an. To sit on the floor with one leg crossed over the other, sit crosslegged. Namimilang in imam ha baluy. The imam is sitting cross-legged on the mat. Ayaw mu hiklara in palmaddaniꞌ mu duun, kapamilangan sa yan sin manga tau. Don’t spread your carpet there, people will sit cross-legged on it. Cf. lingkud, pūkut pilang2 n. A stove or fireplace (of sand and stones). Īgi in abu dayn ha pilang. Remove the ashes from the stove. Cf. dapulan, sukul1 pilay adj. Lame.    vi. ST pat ma-. To become lame. Maytaꞌ siya napilay? What made him lame?    vt. ag mag-; pat -un. To make (something) lame. Pīlay niya in siki sin bagay niya. He made his friend’s foot lame. SYN. pingkaꞌ piligru (Tag.) adj. Dangerous, risky. Piligru pa bihaun in dān pa gimba. The road into the interior is still dangerous.    n. kapiligruhan Danger. Wayruun kapiligruhan dī minsan kita manaw tungaꞌ dūm. There is no danger here even if we go out at midnight. Cf. maanib *anib pilihan adj. Fastidious, selective, choosy. Pilihan tuud in babai ini ha pagtamung. This lady is really

fastidious in dress. Pilihan siya ha pagkaun. He’s selective about food. Pilihan siya ha magbagay. He’s selective in making friends. Cf. pīꞌ 1    n. A model, standard, pattern (esp. of a woman with beauty, wit, good morals). Siya in babai pilihan ha Lupaꞌ Sūg. She is a model of a Tausug woman. Cf. suntuan pilik-pilik n. A whistle. Awn pilik-pilik sin pulis. The policeman has a whistle.    v. ag mag-; goal -an. To blow a whistle (at someone). Naraak ka kaw sin pulis magpilik-pilik? Did the policemen ask you to blow the whistle? SYN. pītu *pilinsa v. CH 1 ag mag-; pat -un. To iron (clothes, etc.). Pilinsaha ba in badjuꞌ ku ini. Will you iron this dress for me?    n. pilinsahan An iron. Awn pilinsahan nila kurinti. They have an electric iron. pilisu n. A prisoner. Kiyakadinahan in manga pilisu. The prisoners are chained.    v. ST pat ma-. To become a prisoner. Mapilisu kaw bang way magpiyansa kaymu. You’ll become a prisoner if there’s no one to provide bail for you. *pillat vt. ag mag-; pat -un; goal -an. To turn back (the upper eyelid to show displeasure). Masapat siya magpillat sin mata niya. He is expert at turning back his eyelid. Unu in nakapillat sin mata mu? What causes your eyelid to turn back? Ayaw pillata in mata mu bang kaw maglangug ha bataꞌ-bataꞌ bat diꞌ mugaꞌ. Don’t turn back your eyelid when you play with the child so it will not be frightened. Cf. *pirat *pillaw v. act/pat mag-. (For one’s eye) to blink, (for a lamp, candle, etc.) to twinkle or shine unsteadily. Nagpillaw-pillaw in palitaan. The lamp is twinkling.    v. ag mag-; pat hi-, -un. To blink (one’s eyes). Amuna in kaamulahi niya magpillaw-pillaw sin mata. It’s her nature to twinkle her eyes. Pillawan in mata mu. Blink your eyes. Cf. kullap *pilu 1 v. ag mag-; pat -un. To rub (something) between the hands, roll out (dough), rub off (dirt from the body). Subay piluhun makamataud in addun. The dough should be twisted many times. Piluha in lubag dayn ha buktun mu. Rub off the dirt from your arm. Cf. tabid, *hilug 2 v. ag mag-. To twist (the body, as in dancing). In bayla sin manga kabataan bihaun, magpilu sadja sin hawakan. In the dancing of the young people now, they’re always twisting their waist.

piluk mata n. Eyelash. Malingkat bang malantik in piluk mata. It’s pretty when eyelashes curl upwards. pilyu (Tag.) adj. Naughty. Pilyu in bataꞌ ini. This child is naughty. pinda v. ag mag-; pat -un; ran -an. To become different, pass from one phase to another, change; change, switch (something). Nagpinda na in tingug hi Utuꞌ. My boy’s voice has changed. Diꞌ siya mabayaꞌ pindahan in ngān niya. She doesn’t want her name to be changed. Nagpinda sila hulaan. They changed residence. Pindahi in badjuꞌ mu pa pula yaun. Change your dress to that red one. Subay mu pindahan in addat mu mangiꞌ. You should change your bad habits. Manjari ta pindahan in saraꞌ. We can change the laws. Ayaw kaw magpinda-pinda sin lingkuran mu. Don’t keep on changing your seat. Cf. sambiꞌ, *hayn, *layn, *salin 1 pindang v. ag mag-; pat -un. To cut into parts (from the whole of something like fish or meat). Nagpindang aku istaꞌ bat awn makaun ku magbalik. I cut the fish into parts so that I will have something to eat again. Cf. *tuktuk1, tamaꞌ (See utud for table.) *pindit v. CV 3 ag mag-; pat -un. To carry (something) with the hand, dangling from the hand. Pindita in baldi pa bāy. Carry the pail (of water) to the house. (See dā for table.) *pinig [Tapul/Lugus]v. ag mag-; pat -un. To segregate (people), discriminate against (people). Subay diꞌ pinigun in manga miskin dayn ha dayahan. The poor must not be segregated from the rich.    n. pagpinig Segregation, discrimination. Awn pagpinig sin manga tau ha hulaꞌ Milikan. There’s racial discrimination in the United States. Cf. pīꞌ 1, kandī pinjalaꞌ vt. ag mag-; pat -un. To oppress cruelly, persecute. Napinjalaꞌ sila sin manga Jipun. They were persecuted by the Japanese.    vi. pat ma-. To be in distress. Mapinjalaꞌ kitaniyu bang way na pagkaun. We will be in distress if there’s no more food. Cf. tiksaꞌ pinjaman n. {Poetic} A place where we only pass by, temporary place to live in. Dunya ini pinjaman hapitan panayaman. This world is a temporary place to live in where we stay for a while and play. *pinsan v. ST pat ma-. To die instantly (usu. used as a cursing word). Bang mān kaw mapinsan da. May

you die instantly. In paliꞌ niya ha ū hangkan napinsan siya magtuy. His wound was on the head, that’s why he died instantly.    vt. pat -un. To kill (something). Pinsanun sa kaw yan sin banta mu. Your enemy will kill you. Cf. patay 1, *ligis, *tubag, salak, laglag, bugtang pinsil (Eng.) n. A pencil. Hayti in pinsil ini. Sharpen this pencil. pinta n. Paint (a substance for protective or decorative coating of surfaces). Diꞌ manjari in pinta ini hipagpinta simintu. This paint can’t be used for painting cement.    v. ag mag-; pat -un; ran -an. To paint (something). Pintahun ta kalas in bilik mu. We’ll paint your room pink. pintal n. The main string attached to a kite (that holds it firmly in balance). Subay makamdus in pintal sin taguriꞌ. The main string attached to the kite must be durable.    v. AR ag mag-; ran -an. To attach a main string (to a kite). Subay ta pintalan in taguriꞌ mu. We must attach a main string to your kite. Cf. hapun pintas v. ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To pass by, go over or through (something). Pintas kaw dayn ha bāy namuꞌ bang kaw pa tabuꞌ. Pass by our house when you go to the market. Nakapintas na dayn dī in tiyatagaran mu? Did the one you are waiting for pass by? Mīntas sadja siya walaꞌ minsan naglingiꞌ. She just passed by without even turning her head. Ayaw mu siya papintasa dayn dī. Don’t let her pass by here. OV SYN. labay; Cf. timbay, untas *pinting v. ag mag-; pat -un. To hang (something) by a support from above (so as to allow free movement or for something) to so hang; hang on (to something, as a jeep or truck). Pintinga in manga pattaꞌ ini. Hang these pictures. Unu in nagpipinting ha taas atup yaun? What is that thing hanging from the roof? Diꞌ makajari magpinting in pasahiru ha jip. Passengers are not allowed to hang on to the jeep.    n. A pendant of a necklace. Cf. gantung, *sagnat pintul n. Achilles tendon. Piyalian siya ha pintul sin siki niya ha pagbunuꞌ nila. He was wounded on the Achilles tendon of his foot in their fighting. pinturuꞌ (var. pintuluꞌ) adj. Well-trained. Pinturuꞌ in manga bataꞌ yan. Those children are well-trained.

   v. ag mag-; pat -un. To discipline, train, correct (someone), develop good character (usu. by giving disciplinary punishment). Subay pinturuun sin manga maas in manga anak nila bābā asibiꞌ pa. Parents should discipline their children while they are still young. In pagpinturuꞌ sin maas marayaw. The way the elders train them is good. Cf. hinduꞌ, *biat, pantun pingag adj. Chipped, frayed, chewed. Bugitan na in mampallam pingag. Throw away the chipped mango.    vt. ag mag-; pat -un. To chip off, break or cut off a small piece (of something). Pingagun niya in basu yan. She’ll chip off that glass. Ayaw pingaga in kapaya yan. Don’t chip off that papaya. (See utud for table.)    vi. pat ma-. To become chipped, frayed, chewed. Bang mapingag in lāy yan bugitan na. Discard that plate if it gets chipped. Napipingag in higad lāy yan. The edge of that plate is chipped. Cf. tibiꞌ pinggan n. A bowl, concave container for food. Butangan in sabaw ha pinggan. Put the soup in the bowl. pinggud1 v. pat ma-. To become entangled, impeded, hampered (as of a horse in the reins or a child in its clothes). Napinggud in kambing ha kakumuhan. The goat got entangled in the bushes. Cf. gumun pinggud2 v. ag mag-; pat -un; ran -an. To shorten (a rope or line). Subay pingguran in hukut sin lansa supaya makaabut pa jambatan. The hawser of the launch should be shortened so that it (the launch) can reach the wharf. Cf. *libud pingkaꞌ adj. Lame. Diꞌ makapanaw mabiskay in tau pingkaꞌ. A lame person can’t walk fast.    vi. ST pat -um-, mag-; pat ma-. To become lame. Subay upirahan in siki mu bat kaw diꞌ mapingkaꞌ. Your foot should be operated on so you won’t become lame.    v. act/pat mag-. To limp. Magpingkaꞌ siya sabab napiul in siki niya. He limps because his foot is sprained. OV SYN. pilay; Cf. piud, piul pingkit adj. Having six (or more) fingers on one hand. Laung nila masukud in tau pingkit. They say that a six-fingered person is lucky.    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To bind or stick (things) together. Subay pingkitun duwa-ruwa in juwalan. The fried bananas should be stuck together two by two. pīngpīngan n. The area around the ear. Malanuꞌ in pīngpīngan bang baꞌgu pa giyuntingan. The area

around one’s ears looks neat after a haircut. Cf. misay *pipi v. CV 3 ag mag-; pat -un. To carry (someone on one arm and hold him close to one’s side or chest). Kamayaꞌ kaw magpipi ha bataꞌ-bataꞌ. Be careful carrying the child. Hipapipi niya kākuꞌ in anak niya. She is requesting me to carry her child. Diꞌ manaw in bataꞌ ini, subay magpapipi. This child won’t walk, she has to be carried.    n. pagpipi The act of carrying (someone) in this manner. Bang bihān in pagpipi mu mabaliꞌ in bataꞌ. If you carry the child like that it will break something (i.e., a bone). (See dā for table.) *pipis v. CH 1 ag mag-; pat -un. To crush or press (something so that it becomes fine or soft, as peanuts, pepper, or grains of rice). Pipisun ku in maysa kaymu. I’ll crush the black pepper for you. Pipisan ta lara in istaꞌ ini. Let’s crush some hot peppers for this fish. Cf. bayu    n. pipisan A small mortar or any piece of stone that may serve as a mortar. Pipisa in bātung ha pipisan batu. Crush the peanuts on the small stone mortar. Cf. lusung    n. pipipis A pestle for crushing. pipit v. ag mag-; goal -an. To ask (an accused person) repeatedly (in secret). Pipiti in anak mu bat mamaytaꞌ sin bunnal. Ask your child repeatedly so she’ll tell the truth. OV SYN. tutus2; Cf. asubu, sumariya pīpul n. The center post (of a house).{Before this post is erected the house owner or builder is supposed to place some item of value, such as a small piece of gold, a handful of unhusked rice, a pearl, or a coin at the bottom of the posthole. This helps to insure good fortune for the house and for everyone who will live in it.} Biyutangan pisita in pīpul sin bāy namuꞌ. The center post of our house had silver coins placed under it. Cf. hāg Pirꞌawn n. Pharaoh. Piyaīg sin Pirꞌawn hi Nabi Musa dayn ha Misir. Pharaoh caused Moses to leave Egypt. *pirat v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To turn back the lower eyelid. Pirata in mata mu. Turn back your lower eyelid. Cf. *pillat Pirdaus n. Paradise, the Garden as a place of perfect bliss after death (promised to the righteous in the

Holy Koran). pirit v. pat ma-, -um-. To become torn. Bang manipis na in kakanaꞌ maluhay mapirit. If cloth is thin already it easily becomes torn. OV SYN. gisiꞌ, *gīs piritu adj. (Of fish, chicken, meat, etc.) fried. Mabayaꞌ aku piritu istaꞌ dayn sin diyangdang. I like fried fish better than roasted on the coals.    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To fry (something). Ayaw pataura in lana bang kaw magpiritu istaꞌ. Don’t put a lot of oil when you fry the fish. Cf. *landang-landang, *gisa, guling pirma n. Signature. Kansiyu pirma in ha sulat? Whose signature is on the letter?    v. AR ag mag-; ran -an. To sign (one’s signature). Siya in nagpirma sin sulat lupaꞌ. She signed the land documents. *pirung v. ag mag-; pat -un. To close (the eyes). Pirunga na in mata mu bat kaw makatūg. Close your eyes so you can sleep. Cf. tambul 1 pirut adj. (Of eyes) narrow. Pirut in mata sin manga Lannang. Chinese have narrow eyes. ANT. bullat    v. act/pat mang-. (For one’s eyes) to become or look narrow. Mamirut in mata mu bang kaw makutkut sin kuuk. Your eyes will become narrow if you’re bitten by a cockroach. Papirutun ta in mata mu. We’ll make your eyes look narrow. pīs n. A square cloth (with a characteristic pattern, woven locally. Used by men, usu. as a turban or as a decorative shoulder piece). In pīs masuhul hipagsaꞌlay ha abaga. A pīs is sometimes used for draping over the shoulder. pīs siyabit n. A turban woven by the sabit method (see sabit). pīs-pīs n. Scraps or remnants of cloth. Ayaw mu bugitan in pīs-pīs. Don’t throw away the scraps of cloth. SYN. hīk-hīk pisak n. Mud. Liyublub ha pisak in tarak. The bus is stuck in the mud.    adj. mapisak Muddy. Mapisak in dān bang pangulan. The road is muddy when it’s rainy season. Cf. habluꞌ, paligiꞌ, lanaw

pisang 1 n. A pineapple plant. Ananas comosus (See Appendix 5: Plants) 2 n. Pineapple (fruit). Mataud mata-mata sin pisang. A pineapple has many little eyes. pisaw (gimb. pisawaliꞌ) n. A small knife (esp. used in preparing a betel nut chew). Butangan in pisaw ha mamaan. Put the knife inside the betel nut box. Cf. laring pisi v. ag mag-; pat -un. To shell (peanuts, marang seeds, etc.); shell (corn, i.e., remove the grains from the cob). Pisi na kaw batung yan. Come and shell some peanuts. SYN. *kulisi pisita n. A coin, change. Hulugan pa alkansiya in manga pisita yan. Put those coins in the piggybank. piskal (Eng.) n. A fiscal, public prosecutor. Piyuas na sin piskal in parkalaꞌ. The fiscal dismissed the case. Cf. abugaw pisngak v. ag mag-, -um-; pat hi-. (For people or animals) to snort (in order to clear the nasal passageway). Nakapisngak aku ha saꞌbu nagsasambahayang. I happened to snort while praying. Cf. haguk 1 pisngi (var. pisni) n. Cheek. Siyuma siya ha pisngi. Kiss her on the cheek. (See Appendix 6: The Parts of the Body) *pissukuꞌ 1 v. ag mag-; pat -un. To maltreat, oppress, persecute (someone). Pissukua in manga mundu nasaggaw. Persecute the captured outlaws. Cf. jilakaꞌ, binasa, binsanaꞌ 2 v. ag mag-; pat -un. To discipline (someone) strictly (esp. children). pistak n. Crotch (the seam or place where the legs of a pair of pants, underwear, etc. meet). Nagisiꞌ in pistak sin pantalun niya. The crotch of his pants tore. pistul (Eng.) n. Any type of handgun; pistol. Pistul in kiyapanimbak kaniya. He was shot with a pistol. In pistul giling-giling amu na in iyusal sin manga sundalu Milikan nakauna yadtu. A revolving pistol (i.e., revolver) is what was used by the American soldiers in the olden days. Cf. sinapang pisuꞌ n. A sprain. Awn pisuꞌ sin bataꞌ ini. This child has a sprain.    vi. pat ma-. To be or become sprained Ayaw mu aku dugtula napipisuꞌ in buktun ku. Don’t bump me

for my arm is sprained. Makapisuꞌ in magdā sin mabuggat. It will cause a sprain to carry something heavy. Cf. piul *pisul v. ag mag-; pat -un, -an. To press (something in between the fingers), massage (a part of the body [to stimulate circulation and make muscles or joints supple]). Ayaw pisula in kapaya yan bat diꞌ mapusat. Don’t press that papaya so it won’t get squashed. Pisula in taykud ku. Liyaul aku yan. Massage my back. I’m all in. Hisiyu in magpisul kaymu? Who’ll massage you? OV SYN. *hilut; Cf. *dupun, *pugaꞌ pīt n. Adhesiveness; stickiness (of dough, candy); concentration (of a solid suspended in a liquid, e.g., of milk powder in water, of coffee, syrup, coconut milk, or porridge); a sticky feeling caused by a hot and humid climate. Sibuꞌ da in pīt sin ubat yan iban ini. The concentration (i.e., potency) of that drug is the same as this one.    adj. mapīt Sticky, concentrated, having a sticky feeling. Mapīt in baran mu bang kaw hiyuhulasan. Your body feels sticky when you’re perspiring.    v. act/pat mag-, -um. To become thick, strong or concentrated. Magpīt in sabaw manuk bang lamuran gandum. Chicken soup will become thick if corn is mixed with (the water). Ayaw papīta in paghinang mu sin kahawa. Don’t make the coffee strong. Cf. kusug 1, pitak pitak n. (Of solids) the state of being wet and sticky (as of cooked rice or cakes). Nakataud tuud in tubig hangkan da bihān in pitak sin addun yan. The water was too much, that’s why the stickiness of the dough is like that.    adj. Wet and sticky. Mapitak in kakaun tiyugnaꞌ mu. The rice you cooked is wet and sticky. Cf. mapīt pīt    v. act/pat mag-, -um-. To become wet and sticky. Ayaw pataura in tubig bat diꞌ mitak in kaunun. Don’t put too much water so that the rice won’t become sticky. Subay papitakun in addun. The dough should be made sticky. pitakaꞌ (Tag.) n. A wallet, handbag, purse. Luunan in sīn ini ha pitakaꞌ mu. Put this money in your purse.    v. ag mag-. To carry or use a wallet, handbag, or purse. Aku in magpitakaꞌ ha yan. I’ll use that purse. pitas vt. CH 1 ag mag-; pat -un. To split, tear, cut (as the lobe of the ear). Pitasun ku in tawmpaꞌ mu bat

magkangiꞌ. I’ll tear your shoes so they will be ruined.    vi. ST pat ma-. To become detached, come off, be split off. Napitas in higad simud sin istaꞌ kiyugdan sin bingit. The mouth of the fish was split off by the hook. Napitas in dahun sin sinilas. The band of her slipper came off. Cf. girit, *utud pitig 1 n. Horsefish (a thin kind of fish that lives over rocks). In istaꞌ pitig manipis in unud niya. The horsefish has a thin body. 2 adj. (Of a person) thin. Hisiyu in babai pitig yaun? Who is that thin woman? pitik n. pitikan A slingshot.    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To hit (something) with a slingshot. Pitika in manuk-manuk yaun. Hit that bird with a slingshot. pitlaꞌ n. Obligatory alms (of money or provisions given to priests or to very poor people at the end of Ramadan, the month of fasting). Pitu gantang bugas iban duwanggatus pilak in pitlaꞌ namuꞌ magtalianak. The amount of alms given by our family is seven gantas of rice and two hundred pesos.    v. ag mag-; goal -an. To give such alms. Wajib magpitlaꞌ in katān Muslimin. It is obligatory for all Muslims to give the Ramadan alms. Cf. jakat, sarakka, humus pitna n. Slander. Diꞌ magkahagad in sultan sin pitna pasal sin asawa niya. The king doesn’t believe any slander about his wife.    v. ag mag-; goal -an. To slander (someone). Bukun marayaw in magpitna. It’s not good to slander (anyone). Cf. limut pitsa n. Date. Pitsa pila adlaw ini? What’s the date today? pitu 1 adj. Seven. Siya in anak hikapitu. She is the seventh child. 2 n. A seventh-day death anniversary (see hinang 1.2). v. ag mag-. To celebrate a seventh-day death anniversary. Kuꞌnu kamu magpitu? When will you celebrate the seventh-day death anniversary? 3 n. A week. Pilangka-pitu in ha lawm hangka-bulan? How many weeks are in a month? pītu n. An instrument for making whistling sounds, whistle.

   v. ag mag-; goal -an. To blow a whistle. Pītuhan siya sin pulis. The policeman blew his whistle at him. OV SYN. pilik-pilik; Cf. taghuy, huyup, silbātu pituwa n. Teachings, instructions (esp. of the old folks). Tumtuma hadja in pituwa ku kaymu. Just remember my teachings.    v. ag mag-; goal -an. To teach, instruct, or advise (someone). Dungug kaw bang kaw pituwahan sin manga maas. Listen when the elders advise you. Cf. hinduꞌ piud adj. Limp. Ambita in tau piud yan bat diꞌ makaligad. Hold that limp man by the hand so he won’t fall.    vi. ST pat ma-, mag-. To become limp. Unu in sabab napiud kaw? What is the reason you became limp? Cf. pingkaꞌ, piul, pisuꞌ, pilay piul n. A dislocation of the bone, fracture. Pahilutan bang awn piul sin bataꞌ yan. Have the child massaged if he has a dislocation of the bone.    v. CH 1 pat -un. To dislocate or break (someone’s) bone. Piulun mu in bataꞌ bang bihān in paglubak mu. You’ll break the child’s bone if you beat him that way.    vi. ST pat ma-. To have a dislocated bone or fracture. Mapiul sa kān magdā sin karut bugas yan. You’ll fracture (a bone) carrying that sack of rice. Cf. pisuꞌ piyansa n. Bail (for temporary release of an arrested person). Subay hangpuꞌ ngaibu in piyansa kaymu. Your bail will be ten thousand pesos.    v. ag mag-, mang-; pat -un. To provide bail (for an arrested person). Piyansaha siya dayn ha jīl. Bail him out of jail. piyutu (from -iy- + putu) n. Steamed cassava (a staple, eaten in place of rice). Masarap kaunun in piyutu iban istaꞌ tiyapa, mampallam iban lara. Steamed cassava is delicious when eaten with roasted fish, mangoes and chili peppers. Malugay in piyutu matunaw ha tiyan. It takes longer to digest steamed cassava in the stomach.    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To cook steamed cassava, steam (cassava). Magputu aku. I’ll cook steamed cassava. Putuhun ta in panggiꞌ ini. Let’s steam this cassava. plaka (Tag.) n. A phonograph record or something resembling such.

planu (var. palanu) (Eng.) n. A plan or program (for making, doing or arranging something). Walaꞌ aku kiyaamuhan sin planu mu. I’m not agreeable to your plan.    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To plan (something). Maingat sadja kaw magplanu saꞌ diꞌ mu da mahinang. All you know is to plan things, but you can never carry them out. Nagpaplanu sila tumulak pa Manilaꞌ. They are planning to go to Manila. Cf. paru, banu-banu pū adj. mapū (Of weaving) tight or close. Subay mapū in pagꞌanyam sin baluy bang hiragang. The weaving of the mat should be tight if it’s to be sold (i.e., tightly woven). ANT. maural ural pūꞌ n. An island. In pūꞌ Taganak bukun malagguꞌ. Turtle Island is not big. Pūꞌ unu in kadtuun mu? What island will you go to?    n. kapūꞌ-pūan A group of islands, archipelago. Nalibut namuꞌ in kapūꞌ-pūan. We traveled throughout the archipelago. Cf. hulaꞌ 1.1 puad adj. Clumsy, awkward. In puad diꞌ makarā mabuggat mahulug dayn ha lima. An awkward person cannot carry a heavy thing as it will fall from his hand. puas (var. puwas) 1.1 adj. Free (from some obligation). Puas na aku sin utang ku kaymu. I’m free of my debts with you (i.e., they’re all paid). vt. ag mag-; pat -un; ran -an. [No difference in meaning between -un and -an.] To untie (something). Puasa in hukut sin kulambuꞌ mu. Untie your mosquito net. Diꞌ ku mapuas in hukut ini. I cannot untie this knot. Cf.: *paklus, *puklas 1, *hubad. 1.2 adv. After. Puas na in bunuꞌ sin kapagꞌanak kaniya. She was born after the war. Cf. ubus, *hupay 2 adj. (Of a matter or problem) settled. Puas na in parkalaꞌ nila. Their case is settled. vt. pat -un. To settle (something). Piyuas na sin abugaw in parkalaꞌ nila. The attorney settled their case. vi. ST pat ma-. To be settled. Ayaw kaw magꞌīg sampay diꞌ mapuas in parkalaꞌ mu. Don’t leave until your case is settled. *puasa adj. (With bulan) fasting. Bang bulan puasa mataud Muslim diꞌ maghinang. In the month of fasting many Muslims don’t work.    v. ag mag-; pat -un; ran/inst pag-…-an. To fast, keep a religious fast. Subay in katān Muslim

magpuasa bang bulan Ramadan. All Muslims should fast during the month of Ramadan. Pagpuasahan namuꞌ na in mantikilya ini. We will use this jam in the fasting month. *puaw v. pat ma-. To be awakened from sleep (by some noise or disturbance), (for one’s sleep) to be interrupted (by such). Napuaw in tūg niya sabab sin dawgdug. His sleep was interrupted (i.e., he was awakened) by the rolling of the thunder. Cf. *pukaw puddang n. A large, double-bladed sword (used by warriors of olden days). Kulang na in puddang bihaun ha Lupaꞌ Sūg. Large double-bladed swords are scarce now in Jolo.    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To use such a sword. Magpuddang in manga tau nakauna yadtu bang sila magbunuꞌ. The people of olden times used large double-bladed swords when they fought. Cf. ispara, kalis, barung pudjat (gimb. ludjat; ludjut2) adj. Soft (as of overripe fruit), mashed. Ayaw mu aku bīhi sin mampallam pudjat. Don’t buy me a soft mango.    vt. ag mag-; pat -un. To crush or mash (something, as fruit). Magpudjat aku sayng hipakaun ha bataꞌbataꞌ. I’ll mash bananas to feed to the baby.    vi. pat ma-. To be crushed or mashed. Napudjat in iklug ha lawm ambung kiyagiikan ku. The eggs in the basket were crushed when I stepped on it. Cf. *pusat *pudji v. ag mag-, mang-; pat -un. To glorify, praise; worship. Pudjihun in manga tau namawgbug sin hulaꞌ ta. We will praise the men who uphold our land. Cf. lagguꞌ 2, bantug 2, *puspaꞌ pudjut n. A small amount (less than a handful of something, always preceded by hangka-). Hangkapudjut da kaunun in kiyaun niya. He/she ate only a small amount of rice.    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To take or pick up (something) with the fingers close together (usu. a small amount). Pudjut kaw asin ha garapun. Take a little salt from that wide-mouthed bottle. pudpud (gimb. equiv. of pupud) n A stub, a part (of something) left (after the main part is gone or used up). puga n. A large earthenware jar (with a big circular mouth esp. to store water). Hipua sin tubig in puga. Fill the large earthenware jar with water. Cf. kibut, bingkiꞌ

*pugaꞌ v. ag mag-; pat -un, -an. [No difference in meaning between -un and -an.] To press or squeeze a liquid (out of something, as juice from a fruit, coconut milk from coconut meat, pus from a wound). Pugaa in lahing kiyugut ku yan. Squeeze out the milk of the coconut that I grated. Cf. tabid, *pikul pugad 1 n. A nest. Sunugun ta in pugad sin manga sanam. Let’s burn the ants’ nest. v. ag mag-; ran -an. To settle in a nest. 2 v. ag mag-; ran -an. To make a hideout. Nagpugad in manga mundu ha taas būd. The outlaws have made a hideout on top of the mountain. pugay n. The nape of the neck. Simakit in pugay ku ha pagsulatan malugay. The nape of my neck is sore from writing a long time. (See Appendix 6: The Parts of the Body) pughaꞌ n. Fish roe. In pughaꞌ amu na in iklug sin istaꞌ. The fish roe are the eggs of the fish. pugnaꞌ v. pat ma-. {Rare} (For a fire) to subside. Napugnaꞌ na in bāy sunug. The burning house (i.e., the fire) has already subsided. Cf. pūng pugpug adj. Soft due to a fall (as of fruit), suffering physical and internal pain or injury (due to repeated, heavy blows). Pugpug in mampallam ini. This green mango is soft.    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To pound or beat (something) so that it becomes soft. Pugpuga in gamut yan ampa mu lagaa. You pound the root soft then you boil it.    vi. ST pat ma-. To become soft due to blows. Bang ku nanamun saliꞌ napugpug in lawm baran ku yan. The way I feel is as if all my parts have become soft from blows. Cf. lupug, tumu, *tupuk, *tigtig pugung 1 adj. Having the end closed (as of a stocking, sock). v. ag mag-; pat -un. To close the end (of something) by tying or making a knot. Pugunga in duhul sin habul yan. Close one end of that sarong by tying a knot (in it). 2 adj. Uncircumcised. In tau pugung bukun Muslim. An uncircumsised man is not a Muslim. pugus (var. of *lugus) v To force (someone to do something). *pugus v. ag mag-; pat -un. To roll or knot (the hair). Pugusa in buhuk mu bat kaw diꞌ pasuun. Knot up your hair so that you won’t become hot.

   n. piyugusan A bun (of hair). Najagjag in piyugusan sin babai yaun. The bun of that lady is coming apart. puhag vt. ag mag-; pat -un. [Does not occur with pa₂.] To scatter or disperse (people or animals in different directions). Piyuhag ku in pussukan ha taas nangkaꞌ. I scattered the bees in the jackfruit tree.    vi. ST pat ma-. To be scattered, dispersed. Napuhag in tau katān sin pagtimbak. The shooting caused the people to be dispersed. Napuhag in pussukan dayn ha pugad nila. Bees were scattered from their nest. OV SYN. *silahag; Cf. kanat pūhan n. A handle, hilt (of a sword, knife, kris, etc.). Bulawan in pūhan sin kalis niya. The hilt of his kris is gold. puhingaꞌ n. An act of cruelty (in harming someone). In sakit mu yan puhingaꞌ saytan. Your sickness is due to the cruelty of the demons.    v. CH 1 ag mag-; pat -un. To do evil (to someone), kill, murder, harm (someone). Biyabantuhan siya puhingaun sin banta niya. His enemy is plotting to murder him.    n. mamumuhingaꞌ A murderer, evildoer, killer. Subay kudjutun bang masaggaw in manga mamumuhingaꞌ. If the murderers are caught they should be executed. Cf. patay 1, bunuꞌ, jilakaꞌ, *laug puhun n. A complaint, report (of a family member). Ayaw kaw magkahagad sin puhun sin anak mu. Don’t believe the report of your son.    v. ag mag-; goal -an. To complain (to someone, esp. a parent, usu. against a member of the family or a close relative). Magpuhun aku kan amaꞌ sin kajilakaan sin taymanghud ku kākuꞌ. I’ll complain to my father about all the misdeeds that my brother did to me. Cf. sumbung puhung v. ag mag-; pat -un. To expect, have self-interest, aim at (something of benefit or advantage to oneself), be after something (with a hidden motive). Ayaw kaw magpuhung sīn bang kaw mabayaꞌ tumabang ha tau. Don’t expect to have money if you like to help people. Hangkan kaw iyasip marayaw bat awn piyuhung kaymu. He entertained you very well because he expected something. Tiyabangan niya aku pasal sīn in piyuhung niya kākuꞌ. He helped me because he was aiming at my money. Diꞌ sa yan magbagay kaymu bang way puhungun niya. He won’t befriend you if he has no

self-interest. Pilak mu in piyuhung niya. He is after your money. Cf. *huwat, angut *pukak 1 v. ag mag-, mang-. (For chickens) to cackle. Magpukak in manuk bang kublaan. A hen will cackle when it’s startled. 2 v. ag mag-, mang-. (For people) to talk loudly. Pahundunga na magpukak in manga babai yan. Tell those girls to stop talking loudly. Cf. paghakhak hakhak pukal n. Richness (of food, as squash, potato, taro, cassava, and other root crops).    adj. mapukal (Of food) rich. In kābasiꞌ makarayaw napsu amu in mapukal. The squash that is appetizing is the one that is rich. Cf. subuk pukat n. Acerbity, tartness in taste (spoken of certain fruits). Diꞌ makaun in sayng yan sabab sin pukat. The banana can’t be eaten because of its tart taste.    adj. mapukat Acerbic, tart and coarse-tasting. Mapukat in sayng bang hilaw. A banana is tart and coarse-tasting if it’s unripe. Cf. maaplud aplud, aslum, harat, pait *pukaw v. ag mag-; pat -un. To wake up (someone). Napukaw mu na siya? Did you wake her? SYN. batiꞌ *puklas 1 vt. ag mag-; pat -un; ran -an. [No difference in meaning between -un and -an.] To unfasten, detach (something). Puklasa in araru dayn ha kabaw. Detach the plow from the carabao. Kari kaw puklasun ku in tambuku sin badjuꞌ mu. Come here, I’ll unfasten the buttons of your dress. vi. ST pat -um-, ma-. To become unfastened or detached. Miyuklas in hukut sin sapiꞌ hangkan nakabuluy. The cow’s rope became unfastened, that’s why it got loose. Cf.: *hubad, *paklus, puas 1.1. 2 vi. ag -um-. To escape (from something). Diꞌ kita makapuklas dayn ha kamatay bang maabut na in waktu. We can’t escape from death when the time arrives. Cf. paguy puklid1 v. pat ma-. To slip or fall down (from an edge or any elevated place). Mapuklid kaw dayn ha duhul patung yan. You will slip down from the edge of that bamboo. Cf. hulug 1, *ligad, *ligid, liꞌdas puklid2 adj. (Of the sun) having passed midday. Bihaun puklid na in suga. Now the sun has passed midday. Cf. *sadlup 1

*pukpuk v. CH 1 ag mag-; pat -un. To hammer, pound (something), strike (something with something else). Pukpuka in lansang sin batu. Hammer the nail with a stone. Ayaw pukpuka in ū niya. Don’t strike his head. Cf. tukul pukul adj. Having an amputated leg, arm, finger or toe. Pukul in buktun niya. His arm is amputated.    v. ag mag-; pat -un; ran -an. [No difference in meaning between -un and -an.] To cut off, amputate (a leg, etc.). Piyukulan sin duktur in paa niya ha supaya diꞌ maglatag in sakit. The doctor amputated his thigh so the sickness wouldn’t spread. Bang kaw diꞌ mabayaꞌ mapukul in lima mu, ayaw kaw manakaw. If you don’t want your hand to be cut off, don’t steal. Cf. *utas 1 (See utud for table.) pukut n. A large fishing net, seine. Mataud nakawaꞌ istaꞌ sin pukut nila kabii. They got a lot of fish last night with their seine.    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To fish with such a net. Magpukut sila bang marayaw in hulaꞌ. They’ll fish with a seine if the weather is good. Cf. linggiꞌ, laya pūkut v. ag -um-, mag-, mang-; ran -an. To sit on the heels with the knees bent, squat. Mūkut isab aku biyaꞌ kaniya. I will squat like he is doing. Pūkut na kamu ha sagbut. Squat there in the bushes. Cf. lingkud, *piꞌpiꞌ pula1 adj. Red. Ayaw kaw magbadjuꞌ pula. Don’t wear red clothes.    v. ST pat -um-, mag-. To become red. Miyula in bayhuꞌ niya. His face turned red.    v. CH 1 pat -un. To make (something) red. Pulahun ta sin anjibi in badjuꞌ mu. We’ll make your dress red with a dye. pula2 n. The mature nut of the areca palm tree (an ingredient of the betel nut chew). Bīhi hi apuꞌ mu pula hipagmamaꞌ niya. Buy your grandfather mature areca nut to make his betel nut chew. Cf. bunga1 1.1, mamaꞌ pula ulum adj. Maroon color. Diꞌ tūpun in maitum magbadjuꞌ sin pula ulum. Maroon color is not becoming to dark-complexioned people. pula-pula n. A newborn infant. Pula-pula pa hi Indaꞌ sin kamatay sin amaꞌ niya. Girlie was just a newborn infant when her father died. Cf. kabataꞌ-bataꞌ bataꞌ

pulaꞌ-pulaꞌ v. pat ma-. [Often with negative diꞌ.] To imagine. Mapulaꞌ-pulaꞌ mu in taud sin tau miyamagad ha prisidinti. You can just imagine the large number of people following the president. pulaglag adj. Scattered, not clinging or sticky (as of cooked rice). Mabayaꞌ aku sin kaunun pulaglag. I want cooked rice that is not sticky.    vt. CH 1 ag mag-; pat -un. To scatter (something). Pulaglaga in manga kahuy yan bat tumahay. Scatter that firewood so that it will dry.    vi. ST pat ma-. To be scattered. Mapulaglag in buhangin yan bang kamu magpanayam duun. That sand will be scattered if you play there. Cf. jagjag, kanat *pulak v. ag mag-. To abort a baby purposely. Dusa in magpulak. It’s a sin to abort a baby purposely.    v. ran ka-…-an. To suffer a miscarriage or abortion. Bakas na kaw kiyapulakan? Did you have a miscarriage before? SYN. pakpak 2 pulak-palik adj. Scattered, topsy-turvy. Pulak-palik in unu-unu ku ha lawm bilik. All the things in my room are topsy-turvy.    vt. CH 1 ag mag-; pat -un. To scatter (things). Ayaw butangan duun in manga būk. Pulak-palikun sin kabataan. Don’t leave those books there. The children will scatter them.    vi. ST pat ma-. To be or become scattered. Mapulak-palik in magtalianak bang timpu bunuꞌ. A family will be scattered when there is fighting. Cf. kanat, jagjag pulakan n. A small gong (often played together with a buwaꞌ). Cf. agung, buwaꞌ pulāug vt. CH 1 ag mag-; pat -un. To scatter (something).    vi. ST pat ma-. To be scattered. Napulāug in manga tau didtu ha Paugan. The people in Paugan were scattered. OV SYN. pulak-palik pulbura (Tag.) n. Explosive, gunpowder, dynamite. Ayad kaw magpanayam sin kalasussu yan sabab awn pa pulbura ha lawm. Be careful when playing with those shells because there is still gunpowder inside. puli 1 v. ag -um-, mag-; pat -un. (In a game) to make the same score, be equal in points; regain (the money one lost in gambling); get back (at someone for something done to one). Walaꞌ nakapuli in atu

nila nagpanayam. Their opponent in the game didn’t make an equal score. OV SYN. baws 2.1 v. AR ag mag-; ran -an. To take away part (of something). Subay pulihan in duhul sin kahuy. We should take away a portion of the wood. 2.2 v. ag mag-; ran -an. To change, alter (something). Pulihi in purma sin pūhan barung mu. Change the form of your barong handle. Ayaw mu pulihi in maana sin daawa mu. Do not alter the meaning of your reasons. Cf. pinda pulibahasa n. An expression of courtesy or respect, compliment. Magsukul aku sin pulibahasa mu. I thank you for your compliment.    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To pay (someone) a compliment. Subay kita magpulibahasa ha manga nakuraꞌ ta. We should pay a compliment to our superiors. puligsik n. Bits of scattered minute object, (as grains), scattered drops (of liquid). Pakaunan ha manuk in puligsik pāy dayn ha paggigiikan. Feed the chickens with bits of scattered rice grains from the threshing place. In puligsik sin ulan yari makasūd pa lawm bāy. The scattered drops of rain would come inside the house.    v. act/pat mag-; ran -an. (For tiny particles) to disperse, (for drops of a liguid) to splatter. Ayaw da kaw makusug magbayu, nagpuligsik na in bugas dayn ha lungag lusung. Don’t pound too hard, the rice grains are dispersing from the hole in the mortar. OV SYN. *pigsik 1; Cf. kanat *pulikit vt. CH 1 ag mag-; pat -un. To stick or put many (objects) together (in a cluster). Pulikitun ku sin ilaw in kahuy ini ha bulan Krismas. I’ll put many lights together on this tree in the month of Christmas.    vi. ST pat ma-. (For many objects) to be clustered together (as stars in the sky). Napulikit in bituun ha langit. The stars are clustered in the sky. Napulikit sin singsing in gulamay sin sultan. Rings are clustered on the king’s fingers. Cf. pulingid puling n. Dust or any tiny particle that lodges in one’s eye.    v. exp ka-…-an. To catch dust or any tiny particle in one’s eye. Kiyapulingan aku sin buhangin kaina. I caught a grain of sand in my eye just a while ago. Cf. bagunbun pulingid (var. pulingit) v. ag mag-; pat ma-. To cluster together (as of ants, termites, or bees). Yaun

napupulingid in pussukan ha kahuy yaun. The bees are there clustering on that tree. Cf. *pulikit, pungud, baan pulis (Eng.) n. Police. In pulis tindug sin mayul. The police are under the mayor. Ha waktu bihaun awn na pulis babai ha Sūg. At this time there is a policewoman in Jolo.    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To be or become a policeman, make (someone) a policeman. Hisiyu in mabayaꞌ magpulis? Who wants to be a policeman? Cf. sundalu pulukay n. A hair switch, hairpiece. In pulukay hipaglagi sin manga babai hawpuꞌ in buhuk. Women with short hair have use for a hairpiece. pūn1 (see tipun) v. To gather together or assemble, gather (things or people) together. *punaꞌ v. ag mag-; pat -un; ran -an. [No difference in meaning between -un and -an.] To knit a fishing net (either to make one or repair one). Magpunaꞌ kita bat awn hikapanglaya hi amaꞌ istaꞌ. We will knit a fishing net so that father will have a net to catch fish. Cf. anyam 1 punda n. A pillowcase. In punda nila dugaing iban sin kāmuꞌ. Their pillowcase is different from ours.    v. AR ag mag-; ran -an. To place a pillowcase on (something). Pundahan ku naa muna in ūan ampa aku mamayguꞌ. I’ll put a pillowcase on the pillow before I take a bath. pundul adj. (Of a bladed instrument) dull, blunt. In utak pundul hiyasaꞌ niya. He sharpened the blunt bolo.    vi. ST pat ma-. To become blunt. Hayti in utak bat diꞌ mapundul. Sharpen the bolo so it won’t become blunt.    vt. pat -un. To make (something) blunt. Pundulun ku in sulab sin laring ini supaya kaw diꞌ palian. I’ll blunt this knife-blade so that you won’t get cut. SYN. tumpul; ANT. hayt punjung1 n. Forelock, hair long enough to part. Uturi in punjung sin bataꞌ yan. Cut off that child’s forelock. punjung2 n. (Colored) cooked rice mixed with coconut meat, peppery spices and strips of cooked fish, wrapped in a banana leaf. Bī kaw madtu punjung pa tabuꞌ. Go buy some rice with meat and spices at the market.

   v. ag mag-. To cook rice with meat and spices. Maingat kaw magpunjung? Do you know how to cook rice with meat and spices? Cf. junay punsaꞌ n. The panel (of a sarong). In punsaꞌ sin tadjung pula. The panel of a sarong is red. punsak n. The topmost point (of a tower of a princess [maligay]). Hisiyu-siyu in makarāg pa punsak sin maligay amu in makaasawa ha dayang-dayang. Whoever can climb to the topmost point of the tower may marry the princess. Cf. puntuk, taas 1 puntuk n. Top, apex, peak, summit (as of a mountain or building). Naghuhulaꞌ siya ha puntuk būd. He lives at the top of the mountain. Cf. taas 1, punsak punud 1 adj. Not hollow, solid, (of a body) sturdy. Diꞌ kami mamī bang bukun da bulawan punud. We won’t buy if it’s not solid gold. vt. ag mag-; pat -un. To make (something) solid. Punurun ku in bitis ku, hangkan subay aku magdāgan sakahabaꞌ mahinaat. I want to make my lower legs sturdy, that’s why I should run every morning. muwiꞌ pa lupaꞌ punud (idiom) vt. To die (lit. return to solid ground). 2 vi. ST pat ma-, magka-. To be or become unable to speak, move, or act (because of a strong, sudden emotion of anger, sorrow, or fear). Napunud sadja siya pagdungug niya miyatay in asawa niya. He was just unable to speak or move when he heard that his wife died. punung v. ST pat -un. To swoon or faint, lose consciousness temporarily. Piyunung siya sabab miyatay in amaꞌ niya. She fainted because her father died. pūng adj. Put off, extinguished, shut off (as fire, radio, flow of electricity, a water tap, an engine). Pūng na in ilaw pagdatung ku. The light was off when I arrived.    vt. CH 1 ag mag-; pat -un. To put off, shut off, extinguish (something). Pūnga ba in radiyu. Shut off the radio.    vi. ST pat ma-. To be shut off, extinguished, go out. Bang pakūun in dapulan mapūng in laga. If you turn the flame of the stove down it goes out. OV SYN. matay derv. patay pungaꞌ adj. (Having the voice defect of) talking as if one’s nose is closed. Mahunit kahātihan in bissara

sin tau pungaꞌ. It is hard to understand the speech of someone who talks as if his nose is closed.    vi. act/pat mag-; pat ma-. (To have the voice defect of) speaking as if the nose is closed. Maytaꞌ siya napungaꞌ? Why does she speak as if her nose is closed?    vt. pat -un. To make (someone) have this defect. Pungaun ku sa yan in ilung mu sin suntuk. I’ll make you speak as if your nose is closed with a punch. Cf. hagmal pungangu n. Teat, nipple, protuberance of the female breast. Diꞌ makalutlut gatas in bataꞌ-bataꞌ dayn ha pungangu sin inaꞌ sabab nanghuhubag. The child can’t suck milk from the nipples of the mother because they are swollen. pungat adj. Panting, gasping. Pungat na mamichara in bataꞌ ini. This child talks with gasps.    v. ag mag-. To pant, gasp (as from running). Ayaw kaw magdāgan bat kaw diꞌ magpungat. Don’t run so you won’t pant. Cf. *hungat 1 *punggul v. CH 1 ag mag-; pat -un. To cut off the upper part (of something, esp. trees). Subay punggulun in manga akasiya ini. Someone should cut off the upper part of these acacia trees.    vi. ST pat ma-. For the upper part (of something) to be cut off. Naubus napunggul in manga niyug sin pagmurtal. The shelling cut off the tops of many coconut trees. Cf. *punggut, pukul (See utud for table.) *punggut vt. ag mag-; pat -un; ran -an. [With -un stresses the act of cutting; with -an, the result.] To cut off (esp. a human head). Punggutan sin sultan in liug mu bang kaw diꞌ mabayaꞌ magad sin daakan niya. The king will cut off your head if you do not follow his command. Cf. *punggul (See utud for table.) punglas n. The material used in cleaning a bladed weapon (as barong, kris, or spear). In piyaglagi punglas sin kalis ku tubig suwaꞌ. Lemon juice is the material used in cleaning my kris.    v. AR ag mag-; ran -an. To clean (a bladed weapon) with a material (like lemon juice). Punglasi in barung mu. Clean your bladed weapon with lemon juice. pungluꞌ 1 n. A bullet. Hambuuk pungluꞌ da in nakamatay kaniya. It was only one bullet that killed him. 2 n. A staple (used in a stapler).

pungpung2 (var. gumpung2) v. ag mag-; pat -un. To grasp or clutch (things) together. Piyungpung niya sadja in lima istaꞌ ha ikug. He just grasped the five fish by their caudal fins. Piyungpung niya in pilak pagꞌubus ampa siya dimāgan. He clutched the money and then he ran. Cf. pungud pungud n. A bunch or cluster (of things of the same sort gathered by tying together, as of lanzones, mangoes, mangosteen, or ampalayaꞌ). Upat pilak da in hangka-pungud buwahan. One bunch of lanzones is only four pesos.    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To tie (things of the same sort) together (into a cluster). Marayaw pungurun in manga mampallam yan bang mu hipagdagang ha tabuꞌ. It’s good to tie those mangoes together if you are to sell them in the market. Cf. sipiꞌ, bulig, tuhug, tumpuk, pungpung2 pungut n. A mustache, beard. Uturi in pungut mu yan. Mahabaꞌ na. Cut off your beard. It’s already long.    v. pat -un. To develop a beard, grow a beard. Pungutun kita bang pahiran ta sin duguꞌ kambing in bayhuꞌ ta. We’ll grow a beard if we wipe our face with goat’s blood.    adj. pungutan Bearded, having a mustache. In tau pungutan aturun maas. A bearded man looks old. Cf. misay *punya n. Use, usefulness; importance. Way kapunyahan magꞌiskul bang diꞌ magꞌistadi. It’s no use going to school if you don’t study. Unu in kapunyahan sin sīn bang way da kakaun mabī? What’s the use of money if there’s no food to buy? Cf. lagi, pūs, guna punyaꞌ adj. (Of the nose) flat, snub. Malingkat in babai yaun saꞌ punyaꞌ in ilung. That girl is beautiful, but she has a snub nose. ANT. pansung punyal n. A dagger (smaller than a kitchen knife). In punyal asibiꞌ dayn sin laring. A dagger is a smaller than a knife.    v. CH 1 ag mag-; pat -un. To dagger (someone). Piyunyal niya in bagay niya. He daggered his friend. Cf. utak, sangkuꞌ pupud (gimb. pudpud) n. A stub, a part (of something) left (after the main part is gone or used up, as a cigarette butt, a pencil, an eraser, a bar of soap). Bugitan na in pupud siga yan. Throw away that cigarette stub. Pagdungulan na in pupud kahuy yan. Use that leftover firewood.

   vi. ST pat ma-, magka-. To diminish in size or degree, wear off, wear away, wear down (as of a cigarette, firewood, chalk, a pencil or a day). Napupud in dawat sin pinsil ku. The lead from my pencil is worn away. Napupud in adlaw ha pagtagaran namuꞌ kaymu. The day wore away while we were waiting for you.    vt. pat -un. To make (something) smaller, let (something) wear down. Pupurun ku naa in tawmpaꞌ, ampa ku hipagdihil. I’ll let the (soles of the) shoes wear down and then I’ll give them away. purda n. Side curtains. In purda nila malingkat. Their side curtains are beautiful.    v. ag mag-; ran -an. To make a side curtain. Hisiyu in daakun mu magpurda? Whom will you ask to make a side curtain? Cf. kurtina purma (Eng.) 1 n. Form, shape, way (one) looks. Biyaꞌdiin in purma sin bāy nila? What is the shape of their house? Landuꞌ in purma sin tau ini bang manamung. The way this person looks when he dresses up is too much. 2 v. ag mag-; goal/ben -an. To act (in a certain manner). Maingat tuud siya magpurma biyaꞌ dayahan. He knows how to act as if he rich. purnaꞌ adj. Having both parents from the royalty or salip class. Hi Sitti Ambran purnaꞌ salip pasal in inaꞌ amaꞌ niya salip. Sitti Ambran is a pure salip for both her mother and father are salips. Cf. purul *puruk v. pat ma-. (For a discussion, dispute, etc.) to stop or be stopped, come to an end. Napuruk na in bichara pasal sin pagbunuꞌ. The talk about fighting has already been stopped. SYN. hundung, duhung purul adj. Native born, (of a material) pure. Hi apuꞌ babai purul tau Parang. My grandmother is a native born person of Parang. Subay bulawan purul in hipaghinang singsing. The ring should be made of pure gold. Cf. purnaꞌ pūs n. Use, utility, worth. Unu in pūs sin pagꞌiskul bang diꞌ makahinang? What’s the use of going to school if you can’t land a job?    n. kapūsan/kapūs-pūsan. Use, worth. Way kapūs-pūsan mu anak. Diꞌ kaw makatabang ha manga maas mu. You’re of no use as a child. You can’t help your parents. Cf. guna

pusaꞌ v. ag mag-; pat -un. To crush (something) with the fingers. Bang magpusaꞌ in tau mataud lara, malāb in lima niya. When one crushes a lot of peppers with the fingers his hand burns. OV SYN. *pusat *pusaꞌ v. CH 1 ag mag-; pat -un. To hatch (an egg). Hangpuꞌ in iklug piyusaꞌ sin inaꞌ manuk. There were ten eggs that the mother hen hatched. Makajari hipapusaꞌ ku in iklug itik ini ha manuk mu? May I place these duck eggs under your hen for hatching? Cf. *ūm pusakaꞌ n. Heirloom, patrimony, inheritance. In pamulawan yan pusakaꞌ kaniya sin apuꞌ niya. That gold jewelry is an inheritance to him from his grandparent.    v. ag mag-; goal/ben -an. To give an heirloom, patrimony, inheritance (to someone). Pusakaan ta kaw lupaꞌ iban niyug bang kaw diꞌ magbulaug. I’ll give you as inheritance land and coconut trees if you’re not a prodigal. pusal n. A cowlick, the crown (of the head), any part of one’s head from which the hair goes in a circular direction. Bang kunuꞌ duwa pusal in tau matugas in ū. If a person has two crowns it is said he is stubborn. pusas (Tag.) n. Handcuffs. Inīgan sin pulis in pusas niya. The police removed his handcuffs. *pusat vt. CH 1 ag mag-; pat -un. To break, crash, smash (something) into pieces. Ayaw mu pusata in samin. Don’t smash the mirror.    vi. ST pat ma-. To be broken into pieces. Mapusat sa yan bang mahulug pa simintu. That will be broken into pieces if it falls on the cement. OV SYN. pusaꞌ; Cf. bagbag 1 *puspaꞌ v. ag mag-; pat -un. To honor, pay homage to (someone). Subay ta puspaun hi Jose Rizal. We should pay homage to Jose Rizal. Puspaa in manga tau miyari dayn ha dugaing bangsa. Honor our foreign visitors. Cf. labut, *pudji, lagguꞌ 1 puspus v. ag mag-; pat -un. (To do something) to its maximum or utmost. Piyuspus niya in pagparāgan sin jīp. He drove the jeep at its maximum speed. Puspusa in dayaw mu kaniya. Treat her with your utmost kindness. Napuspus aku naghinduꞌ ha bataꞌ ini saꞌ magpabisu sadja. I’ve counselled this child to the utmost, but she just turns deaf ears to me.

   v. ran -an. To do (something) quickly, speed (something) up. Puspusan ku hinangun in kiyasukuꞌ kākuꞌ adlaw ini. I’ll do the work assigned to me today quickly. pussuk n. The point, tip, (of a needle, ice pick, knife, spear, etc.). Piyalian siya sin pussuk budjak. He was injured by the point of the spear.    v. AR ag mag-; ran -an. To make a point on (something, as a pencil or a pole used as a stake), sharpen (something). Pussukan ku in duhul sin kahuy hinangun ku hāg. I’ll make a point on the end of this piece of wood and make it into a post. Papussukun ku in pinsil mu. I’ll sharpen your pencil.    adj. mapussuk Pointed. Mapussuk in punyal ini. This dagger is pointed. Cf. hayt pusti (Tag.) n. A big post (esp. one along the street). Nakarugtul in jīp pa pusti. The jeep bumped into the big post. pustu (Eng.) n. A place where someone such as a soldier, guard, or fee collector is stationed; post. Diꞌ kamu makalabay dayn ha pustu yaun. You can’t pass through that post. pusuꞌ1 v. ag mag-; pat -un. To pluck, pick (flowers, fruit, etc.). Pusuꞌ kaw madtu sumping pa jambangan. Pick some flowers in the garden. Pusuun ku in sumping mahinaat pa ha supaya diꞌ mangluyluy. I’ll pick the flowers in the morning so they won’t wilt. pusuꞌ2 n. The flower of the banana (used as a vegetable). Masarap sayulun in pusuꞌ. Banana flower is delicious as a vegetable. pusud n. Navel, umbilical cord. Panday in nagꞌutud sin pusud sin bataꞌ-bataꞌ. The midwife is the one who cut the child’s umbilical cord. pūt1 1 v. ag mag-, mang-; pat -un. To pick (something) up. Mūt aku sin badjuꞌ ha lantay. I’ll pick up the shirt from the floor. Pūta in katas ha lantay yan. Pick up that piece of paper from the floor. Pūtan ta kaw batu hipaniluꞌ mu. I’ll pick up stones for you to throw. OV SYN. kawaꞌ1 2 n. In a cockpit, a resting time during which the fighting cocks are given the best treatment by their masters in order for them to regain their vigor and fighting spirit. 3 v. ag mag-, mang-; pat -un. To pick, select, choose. Mataud manga dasu lannang kakanaꞌ kapagpīan saꞌ in piyūt niya amuna in umbulsatu. There are a lot of Chinese textiles to choose from but what she

chose is the best. OV SYN. pīꞌ 1 pūt2 n. A kind of tree whose sap is flammable and is a medicine for certain diseases.{In the olden days, there were rural folk who gathered the sap of the tree and used it for lighting purposes.} puta n. A prostitute. In puta way na kasipug-sipug minsan mataud tau makakitaꞌ. Prostitutes are shameless even though lots of people can see.    v. ag mag-. To be or become a prostitute. In babai pananayam lumugay magputa. A woman gambler will soon become a prostitute. OV SYN. babai mangiꞌ; Cf. bais, bigaꞌ, sundal putal (var. putali) 1 vt. ag mag-; pat -un; ran -an. To entangle (something, often for an animal to entangle its rope). Piyutal sin sapiꞌ in hukut niya ha sanga sin biyabas. The cow entangled its rope in the branches of the guava tree. vi. ST pat ma-. To become entangled. Maputal in hukut sin kambing bang mu diꞌ hiīg dayn duun. The goat’s rope will become entangled if you don’t remove it from there. Cf.: gumun. 2 vi. pat ma-. To be or become mentally confused, perplexed, emotionally disturbed. Naputal in akkal ku sumambung kaniya. I’m confused in answering him. pūtan n. Sticky rice (a variety of rice which becomes sticky when cooked). Masarap hinangun wadjit in pūtan itum. Black sticky rice is delicious to make into a sticky rice confection. Cf. bugas, pāy, wadjit putang n. An (old), dried-up, underdeveloped coconut (one that has only shell and husk but no meat). Marayaw paglanguyan in lahing putang. A dried-up underdeveloped coconut makes a good swimming float. (See niyug for table.) putiꞌ adj. White (also maputiꞌ). Maputiꞌ in tau yaun. That fellow is white. Putiꞌ in badjuꞌ sin manga bataꞌ maggraduwit. The dresses of the children graduating are white.    vi. ST pat mag-, mang-, -um-. To become white; become pale (from fear, hunger, etc.). Mutiꞌ sān in kamisita bang kulahun. That T-shirt will become white if you bleach it. Mamutiꞌ sa kaw yan bang kaw mākitaꞌ mundu. You’ll turn pale if you see an outlaw.    vt. pat -un. To make (something) white. Putiun ta in tawmpaꞌ mu itum. Let’s make your black shoes white. Cf. bulaꞌdas

putiꞌ mata1 n. The white of the eye. Kiyatabunan na in putiꞌ mata niya sin unud. The whites of her eyes are covered with a membrane. putiꞌ mata2 n. A coward. In tau putiꞌ mata way magꞌaddat kaniya. No one respects a coward. putikaꞌ v. ag mag-, mang-; pat -un. To ask a fortune-teller or soothsayer to divine (something, e.g., tell one’s future concerning a proposed journey or where a lost object is). Bang kita mamutikaꞌ subay ta kaingatan in bulan iban adlaw. When we divine we must know the month and the day (of the happening). Subay hipaputikaꞌ bang hisiyu in nakakāꞌ sin sīn mu. We should have the fortune-teller divine to see who stole your money. Putikaun ta bang haunu in kiyabutangan sin manga tau nalawaꞌ. I’ll divine to see where the lost people are.    n. putikaan Any object or objects (as match sticks, cards, kernels of corn) used in divining or fortunetelling.    n. magpuputikaꞌ A fortune-teller. puting n. Falsehood, lie. Puting in biyaytaꞌ niya. She told a falsehood.    v. ag mag-, mang-; goal -an. To lie. Ayaw kaw mamuting sin hinang mu dī. Don’t lie about your activities here.    n. putingan A liar. Putingan tuud hi Hasan. Hasan is really a liar. putliꞌ 1 n. A princess. Māhang in manga putliꞌ pagkakitaan sin timpu nakauna. In olden times people very seldom saw a princess. SYN. dayang-dayang 2 n. (cap.) A feminine name. putliꞌ-mandi n. A kind of spherical-shaped indigenous confection made from black sticky rice. Masarap hinangun inuman in putliꞌ-mandi. Black sticky rice confection is delicious for breakfast.    v. ag mag-. To make this kind of confection. Magputliꞌ-mandi kita kunsūm. We’ll make black sticky rice confection tomorrow. (See Appendix 7: Kinds of Confections Served at Special Occasions) putput v. ag mag-; pat -un. To puff, blow. Piyaputput niya in asu sin siga niya dayn ha ilung niya. He is puffing the smoke of his cigarette through his nose. Diꞌ mān malaga in kāyu piyutputan niya nakaminsan. When the fire didn’t ignite he blew on it once. Cf. huyup

   n. putputan Chimney, smoke shaft, flue, funnel (as of a steamship). Nalapat in putputan sin asu. The chimney is stopped up with soot. putti n. Rich coconut milk. Butangi putti in sindul. Add rich coconut milk to the liquid dessert. Cf. gataꞌ (See niyug for table.) putu n. A confection made by steaming grated cassava. Masarap da isab butangan sukal in putu. Steamed cassava cakes are also good when sugar is added.    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To prepare this confection. Lamuri niyu kiyugut lahing bang kamu magputu. If you make steamed cassava cakes, add some grated coconut. Cf. siyanglag (See Appendix 7: Kinds of Confections Served at Special Occasions) *putung v. AR ag mag-; ran -an. [-un is also used with no difference in meaning from -an.] To deduct (from one’s salary, payment, etc.), dock. Subay putungan in gadji sin duwa adlaw way kaw nākari. Your salary must be docked for your two days absence. Cf. *dagdag, *hilang putus n. A wrapper, wrapping, covering. In putus sin diyarā mu yan nagigisiꞌ. The wrapper for what you are carrying is torn.    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To wrap (something), dip (something in flour or batter and thus make a crust or covering when cooked). Putusa in labban ini. Wrap this box. Subay putusun sin tirigu in sayng juwalanun. Bananas for frying should be dipped in flour. putus lima n. A mitten (usu. used for an infant). Butangi putus lima in bataꞌbataꞌ. Put the mitten on the baby. *puu v. pat ma-. {Euph.} [Does not occur with pa₂.] To die. Napuu siya bataꞌ pa. He died young. Cf. patay 1, *maruhum, *wapat, *marihang puun 1.1 n. Cause, origin, source, beginning. Unu in puun sin pagkālu nila? What’s the cause of their quarrel? Balikan ta dayn ha puun in isturi. Let’s repeat the story from the beginning. Cf. tagnaan tagnaꞌ, sabab 1.2 adj. The first (wife of multiple wives). Walaꞌ niya biyugit in asawa niya puun. He did not divorce his first wife.

2 n. A tree, trunk (of a tree). Yadtu siya ha puun kahuy nagtatapuk. He is hiding there by the trunk of the tree. Cf. batang 3 n. Money invested, capital investment, initial capital. Pila in puun mu nagbisnis? How much initial capital did you have when you started your business? v. ag mag-; ran -an. To invest money, have capital. Bang kaw magpuun limanggatus pa Sandakan muwiꞌ hangibu. If you invest five hundred in smuggling to Sandakan it will become a thousand. puwas (var. of puas) vt, vi To untie (something), settle (something). pūyan n. Skipjack (a kind of fish of the tuna family, commercially important). (See Appendix 2: Fish and Swimming Marine Creatures) puyuꞌ n. A bag or sack made of paper or plastic. Butangan in bugas ha puyuꞌ. Put the rice in a paper bag. Cf. suput puyukuꞌ v. ST pat ma-. To be or become weak or unable to stand erect. Napuyukuꞌ na hadja in manuk dakulaꞌ. The big chicken just became weak. Makapuyukuꞌ in sakit suka intawꞌ. Cholera makes one become weak. puyus adj. Uncircumcised. Bang in usug diꞌ magpaislam pagtawagun siya puyus. If a male doesn’t get circumcised he is called uncircumcised. Cf. pugung 2

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Tausug-English Dictionary: Kabtangan Iban Maana

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r raayat n. People, subjects, citizens. Kiyaamuhan in raayat sin hulaꞌ ha baꞌgu parhimpunan. The citizens of the country favored the new society. Cf. tau 1, mahluk, mānusiyaꞌ Rabiyul Ahil (var. Rabi Al Ahil) n. The fourth month of the Muslim calendar, having twenty-nine days. (See bulan for table.) Rabiyul Awal (var. Rabi Al Awal) n. The third month of the Muslim calendar, having thirty days.{It is characterized by the celebration of the Mawlud, Muhammad’s birthday.} Bulan Rabiyul Awal in pagmawlud. The third month of the year is the month in which Muhammad’s birthday is celebrated.

(See bulan for table.) rahasiyaꞌ (var. of lahasiyaꞌ2) n A secret. rahmat n. Blessing (from God) in the form of external physical comforts. Dihilan rahmat in tau katān magparachaya ha Tuhan. All people who believe in God will be given the blessing of external comforts. Cf. niꞌmat Raja n. King, the royal king of pre-Spanish Filipinos. Piyatay sin manga Kastilaꞌ in raja ha Manilaꞌ. The Spanish killed the king in Manila. Cf. sultan Raja Lawd (comp.) n. Sea king (formerly a title, now used as a proper name). Raja muraꞌ (comp.) n. Heir apparent, crown prince. Rajab n. The seventh month of the Muslim calendar, having thirty days.{It is characterized by the celebration of Miradz, Muhammad’s ascension to heaven.} Bulan Rajab in pagbassa sin Miradz. The seventh month of the year is the time when the story of Muhammad’s ascension is read. (See bulan for table.) Ramadan n. The ninth month of the Muslim calendar, having thirty days.{The fasting month characterized by prayer for the Laylatul Kadar, from the 21st to 27th.} Magpuasa in katān Muslim ha bulan Ramadan. All Muslims fast during the ninth month of the year. (See bulan for table.) rasul n. An apostle (used to refer to the Prophet Muhammad). Hi Nabi Muhammad in rasul sin Allah. Prophet Muhammad is the apostle of God. rayuma (Eng.) n. Rheumatism. In rayuma ini sakit tau maas. Rheumatism is a disease of elderly people. SYN. ulapid ridjikiꞌ (var. of lidjikiꞌ) n A blessing (from God, usu. something material); luck, fortune. rīpa n. A raffle.    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To draw a raffle. Magrīpa sila kunsūm. They’ll draw raffles tomorrow. Cf. *kuut 2.2 Ruhul Kudus n. Holy Spirit (of God). Kumusug in īman mu pa Tuhan bang kaw hūpun sin Ruhul Kudus

niya. Your faith in God will be strengthened if you are filled with His Holy Spirit. rukuꞌ n. The posture in Muslim praying in which the body is bowed with the hands on the knees. Pakitaan kaniya bang biyaꞌdiin in rukuꞌ pagꞌiyanun. Show him what is meant by the term rukuꞌ.    v. ag -um-, mag-. To bow in prayer. Ayaw kaw rumukuꞌ muna dayn ha imam. Don’t bow in prayer ahead of the religious leader. Cf. anduk, sujud rukun n. Precept, pillar of faith (used of the five precepts of the Muslim faith). In lima rukun sin Islam amu in magsahadat, magjakat, magsambahayang lima waktu, magpuasa ha bulan Ramadan, iban maghadjiꞌ pa Makka. The five pillars of the Islamic faith are to bear witness, to tithe, to pray five times daily, to keep the fast of Ramadan, and to make the pilgrimage to Mecca.

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Tausug-English Dictionary: Kabtangan Iban Maana

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s sa 1 adv. [The previous sentence without sa is a question.] Emphasizes or lends certainty to a statement. Bunnal sa in bichara mu sin nagputing siya kaymu. What you say is really right, that he lied to you. Nagbichara sa kamu iban sin manga usug yadtu. I know that you talked with those fellows. Nagbichara kamu iban sin manga usug yadtu? Did you talk with those fellows? 2 adv. (With isab) indicates irritation. Nagbichara sa isab kamu iban sin manga usug yadtu. You talked with those fellows. I know you did and I am angry with you for doing it. I think it was bad. saꞌ (var. of sagawaꞌ) rel But.

sāꞌ 1.1 n. A mistake, fault, error, flaw. Awn sadja sāꞌ sin mānusiyaꞌ katān. There’s always a flaw in every person. v. ag mag-, -um-; pat ma-. To commit a mistake, error or fault, have a flaw; err, miss the mark, be wrong. Itunga marayaw bat kaw diꞌ masāꞌ. Count it well so you won’t be mistaken. Pangannal ku marayaw in Milikan, saꞌ nasāꞌ aku. I thought Americans were kind, but I was wrong. Cf.: lawng1. 1.2 n. A dislocation (of nerve or bone), sprain. v. pat ma-. To suffer dislocation (of a nerve or bone), sprain (oneself). Nasāꞌ in liug ku. I sprained my neck. Cf.: pisuꞌ. 2 v. pat -un. To be fined (for touching an unmarried girl). Sāun siya hanggatus pilak bang siya makakaput ha budjang. He’ll be fined one hundred pesos if he touches an unmarried girl. n. kasāan A fine for touching an unmarried girl. Cf.: multa. *sāꞌ v. CH 1 ag mag-; pat -un. To pass (a liquid) gradually through small spaces or a porous subtance, strain or filter (a liquid). Subay sāun in tubig malummiꞌ. The dirty water must be filtered.    n. sāan A strainer (for liquids). Mataud ginisan sin sāan. Awn sāan uway, awn isab mital iban palastik. There many kinds of strainers. There are rattan strainers and also metal or plastic ones. Cf. ayak Saꞌban n. The eighth month of the Muslim calendar, having twenty nine days. (It is marked by the nispu commemoration of the dead.) Bulan Saꞌban in pagnispu sin manga tau. The eighth month of the year is the month for the commemoration of the dead. (See bulan for table.) saꞌbu1 rel. While, at the same time that, during. Dimatung siya saꞌbu ku nagkakaun. He arrived while I was eating. Cf. sasang    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To meet (someone in a certain place). Saꞌbuhun ta kaw didtu ha bāy niyu kunsūm mahinaat. I’ll meet you at your house tomorrow morning. saꞌbu2 n. pagsaꞌbu A celebration (of an anniversary of a death or any special event), welcoming (of someone’s arrival).    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To celebrate a special event, welcome (someone’s arrival). Kunsūm magjamu kami magsaꞌbu sin puasa. Tomorrow we will have a big meal to celebrate the beginning of

the fast. Saꞌbuhun sin manga kawkampungan in manga baꞌgu datung dayn ha paghadjian. The relatives will give a welcome celebration to the newly arrived hadjis. Hipagsaꞌbu namuꞌ ha gubnul in pagjamu-jamu ini. This feast is to welcome the arrival of the governor. saꞌday vt. ag -um-; pat -un. To lay (someone) down partly, sit (someone) up (from a lying position). Subay saꞌdayun in tau nasasakit bang painumun ubat. The sick person should be sat up when he’s given medicine.    vi. ag -um-. To lie down partly, (for someone lying down) to sit up partly. Saꞌday kaw pa ūan bang kaw kiyaruꞌ. Lie down partly on the pillow if you are sleepy. Pasaꞌdaya in bataꞌ-bataꞌ bang kaw magparuruꞌ. Let the child lie down partly when you let it suck milk. Cf. sandig, sampig 1 saꞌgang n. A (human or animal) jaw. Liyubak niya aku ha saꞌgang ku hangkan na aku diꞌ makakaun sin pagkaun matugas. He hit me on my jaw, that’s why I can’t eat hard food. *saꞌlay v. ag mag-; pat -un, hi-. To carry (something) hanging from the shoulder (as a bag by a long strap) or draped over the shoulder (either vertically or across the body, as a style of wearing a folded sarong); fasten (something on the back or shoulder to carry it). Siyasaꞌlay niya in sinapang. He’s shouldercarrying his rifle. Subay saꞌlayun mu ha taykud in manga tamungun mu bat kaw diꞌ kabuggatan. You have to fasten your clothes on your back so that you will not have a hard time. Cf. *sagnat (See dā for table.) saꞌpan n. The branching, forking of a tree; a twig. Kawai aku madtu saꞌpan sin kahuy yaun. Go get me a twig from that tree. Cf. sanga saal n. The bar of a yoke. Subay makamdus in saal hipagbutang ha kābaw. The bar of a yoke placed on a carabao should be durable. SYN. kukuung saang n. A span (the measurement from the end of the thumb to the end of the forefinger of the outstretched hand). Hangsaang in lakbang sin digpiꞌ ini. The width of this wood is a span. (See sukud1 for table.) saat n. A time (for doing something) regarded as either opportune, favorable, right or not (depending on one’s feeling, calculation or some auspicious or foreboding circumstances). Diꞌ aku tumulak adlaw yan.

Bukun marayaw in saat ku. I won’t leave today. I don’t think the time is favorable.    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To set an opportune, suitable or right time for doing something (either with the aid of fortune-telling or without). Magsaat naa ampa kitaniyu manaw magpangasawa. Let’s set a favorable time first before we go and ask for her hand in marriage. Cf. alamat2 *sāb vt. AR ag mag-; ran -an. To burn slightly or on the surface, singe (something). Nagsāb kami sin lansa tiyangun. We singed the launch on drydock. Sāban ku in lumut ha lansa tiyatangun. I’ll singe the moss on the drydocked launch. sabab n. Cause, reason. Unu in sabab sin kiyaīg mu dayn ha upis? What was the cause of your dismissal from office?    rel. Because. Subay kaw muwiꞌ magtuy sabab way dī hi inaꞌ mu. You have to go home right now because your mother is not here. Cf. pasal1 sābad v. act mag-, -um-. To pass swiftly before (one’s sight). In lambung niya simābad ha mata ku. His shadow passed swiftly before my eyes. Cf. laman 1 sabal1 n. Patience, resignation to God’s will. In sabal sin tau yan diꞌ minsan magkaybaꞌ. That person is really patient. He doesn’t even speak.    v. ag mag-, -um-; goal -an. To endure (something) patiently, leave or commit (something) to God. Magsabal kita pa kabayaan sin Tuhan. Let’s leave everything to the will of God. Unu-unu na in hinangun kātuꞌniyu sabalan natuꞌ na sadja. Whatever is done to us let’s just endure it patiently.    adj. masabal Enduringly patient, resigned. Masabal in atay niya. Minsan siya kāluhun diꞌ siya magꞌatu. Her heart is patient. Even though someone quarrels with her she doesn’t fight back. sabal2 n. (Eye)strain. Dayn kaina in sabal sin mata niya. His eyestrain has been (there) since earlier today.    v. ST pat mag-, -um-, ma-. (For the eyes) to be or become strained. Sumabal in mata mu bang kaw daran magbacha. Your eyes will become strained if you are always reading.    adj. masabal (Of the eyes) feeling strained, feeling sticky. Masabal in mata ku. My eyes feel strained. sabārang adj. All, every. Sabārang sin taga simud magbissara. Every (person) who has a mouth talks. Sabārang awn pagꞌulan awn sadja tiyanum tumubuꞌ. In every (place) where there is rain plants will always grow. Cf. saumul

sabat n. Someone injured or killed by stray bullets. Diyā na pa huspital in manga sabat. The people injured by stray bullets were taken to the hospital.    vi. pat ma-. To be injured or killed by stray bullets. Didtu kamu magbunuꞌ ha gimba, bat way tau masabat. You fight there in the interior, so that no one will be killed by stray bullets.    vt. pat -un. To hit (someone with bullets). Tuurun nila sabatun in manga tau way lamud. They will intentionally hit the people who are not involved. Cf. lapay 1, hawl sabaw n. Broth, soup. Masarap in sabaw pansit. Noodle soup is delicious.    v. AR ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To add water or soup (to something). Sabawan ku in kaunun. I’ll put soup on my rice.    adj. masabaw Watery, soupy. Masabaw in tiyulaꞌ istaꞌ. The boiled fish is soupy. sabay v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. (For a swiftly moving object) to sideswipe or intercept (a stationary or slowly-moving object). In Samal manglulurup mussaꞌ tipay nasabay sin kaytan kahapun. The Sama pearl diver was sideswiped by a shark yesterday (i.e., bitten while the shark passed by him). Nasabay sin ariplanu in taguriꞌ namuꞌ. Our kite was intercepted by the airplane. Nasabay in bangkaꞌ namuꞌ sin speedboat. Our outrigger canoe was sideswiped by a speedboat. Cf. *dugtul sābay n. The smallest kind of jellyfish (comes in groups and has a very painful bite). Masakit tuud kumutkut in sābay. The smallest kind of jellyfish bites painfully. (See Appendix 3: Seashells, Seaweeds, etc.) sabbut v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un; goal -an. To mention, speak of (something). Ayaw na magsabbut sin limabay. Don’t mention the past. Diꞌ manjari sabbutun in ngān sin Tuhan ha way kapūsan. Don’t mention the name of God in vain. Cf. bungkal2 1, *bangkil sabda n. Something spoken by a prophet, a quotation from a prophet. Sabda sin Nabi Muhammad, subay in ummat Islam mamawgbug sin agama. Prophet Muhammad said that followers of Islam must uphold their religion. Cf. parman, laung1 sabi v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To ask or invite (someone) to help (in a project, as render manual services). Sabi kaw kan Amina magdakdak. Ask Amina to help you do the washing. Hisiyu in masabi ta

tumabang maghinang sin taytayan? Who can we ask to help us make the footbridge? OV SYN. abiabi, dangin; Cf. *taabbit, imbayt sabil 1 n. A person who died by committing parrang sabil. v. ag mag-; pat -un. To kill (someone, usu. a Christian or any non-Muslim) ritually (so as to avoid disgrace), run amok (due to disgrace to one’s honor or family). In nagsabil natimbak sin pulis. The person who ran amok was shot by the policeman. In Tausug magsabil bang masipug. A Tausug will kill ritually if he is put to shame. In bangsa Muslimin amu in namawgbug ha agama Islam mangaku minsan magsabil bang sila paagarun pa agama dugaing. Muslims who embrace Islam as a religion will take responsibility, even kill religiously if anyone attempts to convert them. OV SYN.: bunuꞌ; Cf.: parrang. 2 n. A woman who died by fate on delivering a baby. sabit (gimb. saꞌbit) 1 n. A hook (anything used to snag something else). Ayad kaw, mahayt tuud in sabit yan. Be careful, that hook is very sharp. In sabit piyahinang ku bukun mahayt. The hook that I ordered to be made wasn’t sharp. vi. act -um-. (For something) to hook, catch, or snag (on something). Ayaw kaw lumamugay ha katauran tau supaya diꞌ makasabit in sanggut mu. Don’t go out into a crowd of people so that your sickle won’t catch (on someone). vt. ag mang-, mag-, -um-; pat -un; ran -an. [No difference in meaning between -un and -an.] To use a hook (esp. for fishing). Manabit aku istaꞌ ha jambatan. I’ll hook fish at the wharf. Marayaw sabitan in manga istaꞌ nagbabaan-baan. It’s nice to hook fish when they are in schools. n. sasabit A hook for snagging fish. Būsi aku sasabit, manabit aku istaꞌ ha jambatan. Let me borrow a hook for snagging fish, I’m going to the wharf to make a catch. Cf.: bingit. 2 v. ag mang-, mag-, -um-; pat -un; ran -an. To cross (an object over a like object, e.g., one leg over the other, the ends of rope or thread, pieces of rattan, or grass used in weaving). In paglingkud sin tau yan siyasabit in siki ha taas bangkuꞌ. That fellow is sitting with his legs crossed on the bench. Piyapagsabit mu isab in duhul sin manga lubid hangkan nagumun. You let the ends of the ropes cross, that’s why they got tangled. Bang magꞌanyam baluy subay parayawun in pagsabit sin pangdan supaya diꞌ matastas. In weaving a mat the crossing of the blades of grass must be done well so it doesn’t unravel. OV SYN.: anyam 1.

n. sabitan A cloth belt. sabitan n. A cloth money belt (usu. worn by older men along with loose-fitting cotton trousers).    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To wear such a belt, use (something) as a belt. Magsabitan in kamatauran usug sabab mahaluy in pantalun nila. Most men wear a belt because their pants are loose. Cf. sinturun sablay 1 v. ag mag-, -um-; pat hi-. To hang or drape (something, as a garment) to dry. Hisablay ku in habul ha tandawan. I’ll hang the sarong to dry on the window. OV SYN. gantung; Cf. *sagnat, *pinting 2 n. A long, loose, collarless blouse reaching below the hips with long, loose sleeves.{Opens all the way down the front with a folded band finishing the edge. Usu. fastened with a fancy pin.} v. ag mag-; pat -un. To wear such a blouse. Mabayaꞌ kaw magsablay? Do you want to wear a longsleeved loose blouse? Cf.: sambra, batawi. sābtan n. A coincidence.    v. act -um-, mag-; ran ka-…-an. To coincide, occur at the same time. Nagsābtan in adlaw kapagꞌanak kaniya iban sin adlaw kapagꞌanak isab ha bagay niya. His birthday coincides with that of his friend. Kasābtanan sadja aku dī ha bāy bang awn malawaꞌ. I’m always here in the house at the same time something gets lost. Cf. saꞌbu1 Sabtuꞌ n. Saturday. Adlaw Sabtuꞌ in tabuꞌ subay kita tumagama. Saturday is market day and we should be prepared. Maluhay in dagangan bang adlaw Sabtuꞌ. Goods are cheaper on Saturday. Tambul in bangku bang Sabtuꞌ. The bank is closed on Saturday. (See adlaw for table.) sabud v. ag mag-, -um-; pat hi-. To scatter, sow or broadcast (something, often seeds). Siyabud niya in gandum ha manga manuk. He scattered the kernels of corn to the chickens. Diꞌ maitung sin magꞌuuma in pāy siyabud niya. The farmer sowed so much rice he couldn’t count it. OV SYN. *tiluꞌ 1; Cf. bakal *sabulak v. ag mag-, -um-; pat hi-; goal -an. To splash (a liquid) or toss and scatter (sand, mud, rice, etc. on something). Ayaw kamu magsabulak tubig, makabasaꞌ kāmuꞌ. Don’t splash water, you might wet us. Sabulakan ta kaw sin tubig bang kaw diꞌ mīg. I’ll splash water on you if you don’t go away. Nagsabulak sila bugas pagꞌingat nila buhiꞌ da kaw. They tossed some rice when they learned that you

were alive. OV SYN. *pigsik 1 sabuli-buli adv. Forever. Sabuli-buli miskin kaw bang kaw diꞌ magtuyuꞌ magꞌusaha. You will be poor forever if you don’t strive to earn a living. OV SYN. saumul sabun n. Soap. Bī kaw sabun hipagdakdak ta. Buy some soap for our washing.    v. ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To use soap (as in taking a bath, washing the face, or washing clothes). Pagsabun kaw bang kaw mayguꞌ. Use soap when you take a bath. Sabunan ku in lima ku bang sūng magkaun. I’ll soap my hands when I’m about to eat. Makajari hipanabun ku in sabun mu ini? May I use your soap? *sabunnal (from bunnal) v. ag mag-. To assert to be true, confess (a fault, crime, etc.). Magsabunnal aku sin dusa ku. I confess my fault. *sād v. ran -an. (In the phrase sāri na) to never mind or pay no attention to (something). Minsan mu aku diꞌ matabang sāri na. Even if you can’t help never mind. pasād (derv.) v. To leave (something) alone, neglect, take no care of, or overlook (something). adj. mapasād Neglectful. saddiya adj. Prepared or equipped (to act or be used immediately), ready. Saddiya kami tumulak adlaw ini. We are ready to leave today.    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To prepare (something), make (something) ready. Subay kamu magsaddiya na sin manga unu-unu dāhun niyu. You have to make ready the things you are going to bring. Saddiyaha niyu in katān kagunahan niya. Make ready everything that he needs. Cf. tagama, sakap sadja1 (var. hadja1) adv. Only. Kahapun ku sadja siya kītaꞌ. I saw him only yesterday. sadja2 (var. hadja2) adv. Always, at all times. Nagkakalang sadja kaw. You are always singing. Matatarasaw sadja in bataꞌ ini. This boy is always late. OV SYN. daran sadjaratun mantaha n. The tree of life (one of the trees in heaven). Wayruun nakakitaꞌ sin sadjaratun mantaha. No one has seen the tree of life. *sadlup 1 v. ag mag-, -um-. (For the sun) to set, make an apparent descent toward and below the horizon.

Lisag pila sumadlup in suga? What time does the sun set? n. (In the phrase sadlup suga) the time of setting (of the sun), (sun)set. Sadlup suga na in kauwiꞌ nila pa bāy. It was already sunset when they went back to their house. 2 n. sadlupan The direction in which sunset occurs, west. OV SYN. kiblat; ANT. subangan; Cf. magrib 3, masrik, taksinaꞌ, maksinaꞌ (See hangin for table.) sadsad (var. sasad) v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un; ran -an. To feel or grope for (something), search (someone); locate (something) by touch. Siyadsad nila aku, sagawaꞌ way da kiyabaakan nila. They searched me, but they didn’t find anything. Siyadsaran sin sundalu in katān tau lumabay dayn ha taytayan. The soldiers searched everyone who passed on the bridge. Cf. *sanaw sāg v. CH 1 ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To break or cut off (a branch of a tree). Aku in sumāg sin sanga mampallam supaya bukun na masimbul in lawm ād. I will be the one to break off the mango tree limbs so that the area inside the wall will not be crowded. Cf. baliꞌ 1 (See utud for table.) sagawaꞌ (var. saꞌ; sagaꞌ; sumagawaꞌ) rel. But, on the contrary (connects two contrasting clauses). Mabayaꞌ siya magad sagawaꞌ wayruun tau ha bāy niya. He wanted to come but there was no one at his house. sagayꞌ n. Someone (from a tribe in Borneo) hired to be a headhunter. In manga sagayꞌ masūb magpangutud ū. These headhunters like to decapitate heads. sagbut n. Weeds, trash. Lanui niyu in sagbut ha halaman bāy. Clean up the trash around the house.    vt. ag mag-; ran -an. To scatter trash. Ayaw kamu magsagbut sin kātas ha bilik ku. Don’t scatter paper in my room.    v. ST pat -un. To become weedy. Sagbutun in halaman sin bāy. The house yard will become weedy.    adj. masagbut Full of weeds. Masagbut in halaman nila. Their yard is full of weeds. Cf. kaput2 sagda n. A spell (resulting in sickness. The spell is caused by a dead person speaking or commenting on the living.) Kiyugdan siya sagda sin manga patay. He was afflicted by a spell caused by the dead.    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. (For a dead person) to make (someone) sick (by casting a spell). Sagdahun kita sin tau miyatay bang kita mahibuk ha pagjagahan. The dead person will make us sick if we are noisy when watching (the corpse). Cf. saway

*sagda v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To chide, restrain so as to correct (as wrong behavior); advise (someone about correct behavior). Sagdaha kunuꞌ in addat sin anak mu. Will you correct your son’s behavior! *saggaꞌ v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un; goal -an. To disagree with, oppose, resist, be at odds with. Saggai bang kawaun in anak mu. You resist him if he tries to get your child.    v. RC ag mag-. (For people) to quarrel, resist (one another). Ayaw kaw magsaggaꞌ iban taymanghud mu. Don’t you and your sister quarrel.    n. pagsaggaan The reason for a quarrel or disagreement, thing disagreed about. Cf. kālu saggaw v. AQ ag/goal mag-, -um-; pat -un. To seize, catch (something as a bird or an escapee); arrest (someone). Saggaw kaw manuk ha pagal. Catch a chicken in the pen. Saggawa in sugarul! Arrest the thief! Cf. *sambut sagid (gimb. saꞌgid) v. ag mag-; pat -un; ran -an. To brush against, come in contact (with something). Ayaw kaw sumagid pa dingding bat kaw diꞌ mahipuꞌ sin pinta. Don’t brush against the wall or you’ll be covered with paint. Kiyasagiran aku sin iruꞌ bakas dayn ha pisak. I was brushed against by a dog who had come from the mud. Cf. daig 1, *lidlid *sagina v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To greet, welcome (someone). Saginaha in manga luruk. Greet the guests. sagingsing n. A whizzing sound or movement (as of a propeller or bullet). In sagingsing sin pungluꞌ pagkarungugan namuꞌ ha daig bāy. We can hear the whizzing sound of the bullets near the house.    v. act mag-, -um-. To make a whizzing sound or movement. Magsagingsing in jaga-jaga sin ariplanu. The propeller of an airplane makes a whizzing sound. Cf. kugaskas, kulanas sagitsit adj. A crackling sound. In sagitsit diyungug ku gūma sin tarak. The crackling sound I heard is the tire of a truck.    v. act mag-, -um-. To emit a crackling sound. Magsagitsit sa yan bang mu sunugun. If you burn that it will make a crackling sound. Cf. sagutsut *sagnat vt. ag mag-, -um-; pat hi-; ran -an. To hang (something) on (something else). Ayaw kaw magsagnat sin badjuꞌ mu hāin-hāin sadja. Don’t hang your clothes just anywhere. Sagnatan na in

ambung duun. Just hang the basket there.    vi. act -um-. (For something) to get caught or entangled (on something). Simagnat in buktun sin badjuꞌ niya ha lansang. Her sleeve got caught on a nail. Cf. gantung, *pinting *sagpiꞌ (var. sugpiꞌ) v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To break (something) with force. Sagpia in batang kahuy yan. Break that branch. Bang bihān in paglubak mu masagpiꞌ in bataꞌ yan. If you beat that child that way, you’ll break his body. OV SYN. sagsag; Cf. baliꞌ 1 sagsag vt. ag mag-; pat -un. To break (something) off, destroy or damage (something). Sagsagun sa yan sin manga sapiꞌ in tiyanum mu. The cows will destroy your plants.    vi. pat ma-. (For something) to break off. In sanga kahuy nasagsag kiyugdan sin hangin makusug. The branches of the tree broke off because of the strong wind. Cf. baliꞌ 1 sagut adj. Tangled, intertwisted, intertwined (as of thread or string); (of hair) tousled. Sagut in salban ini. This thread is tangled. Sagut in buhuk niya. Her hair is tousled.    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To tangle, intertwine, intertwist (something). Ayaw mu saguta in hapun yan. Don’t tangle that nylon string.    adj. sagut-managut (Of a house, room, etc.) disorderly, messy, untidy. Sagut-managut in upis niya. His office is messy. Cf. gumun sagutsut n. A sound produced by parts touching or rubbing together. In sagutsut sin silikan sin tarak bang magtuy magpahundung makabugaꞌ. The sound produced by the tires of a truck that stops suddenly is frightening.    v. act mag-, -um-. For something to produce such a sound. Magsagutsut in ha lawm sin lilus mu. Parts rubbing together are producing a sound in your watch. sahaꞌ n. A sprout, young shoot, sucker of certain plants (banana, abaca, coconut, bamboo, etc.). Dihili aku sahaꞌ sin sayng mu. Give me a young shoot from your banana plant.    v. act mag-, -um-. To sprout young shoots, suckers. Magsahaꞌ na in sayng yan. That banana plant will soon have young shoots.    v. ran -an. To remove such shoots (from a plant). Sahaan ku in lanut supaya bukun masimbul. I’ll remove the shoots from the abaca plants so that they won’t be crowded. Cf. pangtusan

sahābat n. {Rare} A companion, associate or follower of a prophet, datu or sultan. Biyawgbugan hi Nabi Muhammad sin manga sahābat niya. Muhammad’s followers upheld him. Cf. iban 2, panun sahadat n. The Muslim statement of faith, the Muslim creed (I bear witness that there is no God but Allah and Muhammad is his prophet). Bang in manga Muslim magsambahayang subay sadja sabbutun in sahadat. When Muslims pray they should always say the statement of faith. sahasaꞌ n. Mushroom coral. In sahasaꞌ pagkabākan ha kalawman sin dagat. You can find mushroom coral in the depths of the sea. sahawat n. Lust, desire for sex. Biyaꞌ sahawat in atud kaymu sin tau yaun. That man seemed to look at you with a desire for sex.    v. ag mag-; pat -un; ran -an. [No difference in meaning between -un and -an.] To look sharply (at someone) with the desire to indulge in sex. Mangiꞌ pagsahawatan in babai taga bana. It’s wrong to look sharply at a married woman with the desire for sex. OV SYN. bais sahawi n. A remark, comment, criticism. Awn sahawi pa mangiꞌ awn pa marayaw. There is constructive and destructive criticism.    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To make a remark, criticism, or comment (on someone’s behavior, deeds, work, etc.). Sahawiha in hinang ku bang kaw walaꞌ kiyaamuhan. Make a comment on my work if it doesn’t please you. sahaya n. Rays of light, glossiness, brightness of light. Luwal sahaya in kītaꞌ hi Nabi Musa ha būd Tursinaꞌ. Moses only saw the brightness of light on Mount Sinai.    v. ag mag-, -um-. To shine, be radiant or bright with light, be conspicuous; stand out, excel. Magsahaya dakuman in lingkat sin babai yan. That woman shines with her beauty.    adj. masahaya Shiny, bright, glossy, emitting rays of light. Masahaya in pamayhuan niya sabab makūg in atay niya. Her face is shiny because her heart is filled with joy. Cf. idlap, *inggat, siꞌnag 1, sawa sahiliꞌ adj. A ruffian, rowdy, bully. Way mabayaꞌ ha tau sahiliꞌ. Nobody likes a bully. Cf. jilakaꞌ sahingga (Lu. hingga1) 1 rel. As long as. Sahingga diꞌ maubus in hinang mu ayaw kaw mīg. As long as

your work isn’t finished don’t leave. OV SYN. salugay 2 adv. Besides. Sahingga dayn ha yan, way na. Besides that there is nothing. sahul (var. sahur) n. A night meal (during the period of fasting in the month of Ramadan). Kaun kaw mataud bang sahul. Eat plenty at the night meal.    v. ag mag-, -um-. To eat such a meal. Lisag tū aku magsahul. I eat the nighttime meal at three o’clock. Cf. biyukaꞌ derv. bukaꞌ1 sail n. A melancholy song sung to the tune of a plaintive chant (luguꞌ). Cf. luguꞌ, baat sainagun n. Intense desire, want, wish. Sainagun ku muwiꞌ na kabii. My intense desire was (i.e., I wanted very much) to go home last night. sais n. A groom (one in charge of horses). sajahitraꞌ n. Peace, tranquility, serenity (also kasajahitraan). Maawn sadja in sajahitraꞌ bang maglasaliyasahi in mānusiyaꞌ ha lawm sin dunya ini. There will only be peace if people in this world love one another. Kasajahitraan kaniyu katān iban barakat niya. Peace be unto you all and his blessings. sāk 1 adj. What great (beauty, bravery, goodness, etc.)! Sāk isab in isug niya ha pagbunuan. What great bravery he displayed on the battlefield! Sāk isab in lingkat sin asawa niya. What a beautiful wife he has. 2 adv. It’s too bad (an expression of regret that something has been wasted). Sāk isab naluppas in tubuꞌ sin Tausug bang diꞌ mangatu. It’s too bad that the reputation of the Tausug has been lowered because he didn’t fight. Sāk isab naluppas in ingat niya walaꞌ siya nakatalus ha iskul. It’s too bad that his ability has been wasted because he didn’t finish his schooling. *sāk adj. masāk Feeling loathsome or disgusted (at the prospect of eating or drinking something). Masāk aku kumaun sin kakaun liyutuꞌ sin maas babai yaun. I have a loathsome feeling about the idea of eating that old woman’s cooking.    v. act -um-. To feel loathsome or disgusted (at the prospect of eating or drinking something). Sumāk aku kumaun bang kakaun binī ha tabuꞌ. I feel disgusted when I think about eating food bought at the market.

sakabilang adj. Every. Sakabilang Jumaat karungugan niyu in suwara sin taymanghud niyu ini. Every Friday you will hear the voice of your brother. OV SYN. sakahabaꞌ sakadjap adv. Quickly, immediately, in a wink. Sakadjap da siya nalawaꞌ ha katauran tau. He vanished immediately in the crowd. Cf. hangkarayꞌ, dayꞌ-dayꞌ *dayꞌ, sasaat sakahabaꞌ (var. sakabaꞌ) rel. Whenever. Maglimuꞌ-limuꞌ kami sakahabaꞌ aku magtabuk gadji. I always treat them to refreshments whenever I receive my salary.    adj. rdp. Every (refers to time only). Sakahabaꞌ-sakahabaꞌ Sabtuꞌ mari siya. He comes here every Saturday. sakal-sakal n. A buttonhole stitch.    v. AR ag mag-; ran -an. To sew a buttonhole stitch on (something), work (something) with a buttonhole stitch. Sakal-sakalan ku in higad badjuꞌ ku. I’ll work the edge of my dress with a buttonhole stitch. Cf. ayum-ayum, sulsi, langgahit, bagsaꞌ sakali adv. So then, and then, therefore. Sakali unu in hinang mu pagkitaꞌ mu ha sugarul? What did you do then when you saw the burglar? OV SYN. manjari; Cf. pagkuwan 1 sakam n. An abbreviation. WCC in sakam sin Workmanꞌs Compensation Commission. The abbreviation for Workman’s Compensation Commission is WCC. sakang adj. Knock-kneed. Hangkan da siya nagpantalun sabab sakang siya. The reason why she wears long pants is because she is knock-kneed. OV SYN. kawk; ANT. singkang sakap adj. Ready, prepared. Sakap aku tumabang kaymu. I’m ready to help you.    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To get ready, be prepared, prepare (something). Magsakap kita kalu sila humapit. Let’s get ready, they might take us along. Cf. tanam2 , tagama sakārang adv. Till, until. Sakārang bihaun walaꞌ siya nagbayad sin utang niya kākuꞌ. Till now she hasn’t paid her debt to me. Sakārang adlaw ini way siya namaytaꞌ sin hīnang kaniya sin banta niya. Until today he has not revealed what his enemy did to him. Cf. sampay 1 sakat v. TV ag mag-; pat -un. To go on board or enter a conveyance (such as a car, ship, or plane); mount (a

horse, bicycle, etc.); go up into (a building). Sakat na kaw ariplanu. Board the airplane. Sakatun ta in bāy yan. We will go up into (i.e., enter) that house. Cf. gaban 1, tukad, dāg1 1    n. sasakatan A vehicle, that which one rides on or in to go someplace. Unu in sasakatan niyu pa Tiyanggi? What will you ride on to go to Jolo town? sakawkat (var. of sawkat) rel Just because. sakayan n. An outrigger canoe, skiff (may be fitted with a sail).    v. TV ag mag-; goal -un. To ride on an outrigger canoe. Magsakayan kitaniyu pa Tanjung. Let’s ride on the outrigger canoe to Tanjung. Cf. bangkaꞌ1 , dāmas, gubang, lipa, sappit sakit 1 n. A sickness, illness, pain, soreness, ache. Pakitaan ha duktur bang unu in sakit niya. Take him to the doctor to see what his sickness is. (See Appendix 8: Diseases) v. ST pat -um-, mag-. To become painful, sore. Ayaw kaw maglingkud malugay bat diꞌ sumakit in taykud mu. Don’t sit for a long time so your back won’t become painful. v. pat magka-. To develop a sickness, get sick. Magkasakit in manuk bang pangulan. Chickens get sick in the rainy season. adj. masakit Painful, sore. Masakit in ū ku. My head aches. Cf.: hapdus, bisa. 2 adj. masakit (With atay) bitter against, hateful (toward someone). (see sakit atay) Maytaꞌ masakit in atay mu ha usug yan? Why are you bitter against that boy? sakit atay n. Anger, hatred, bitterness of feeling. Aku in kiyatūngan sin sakit atay niya. He projected his hatred on me. Cf. dugal, astul, amā, pasuꞌ 2, bunsi, mulkaꞌ 1 (See atay for table.) sakit babai n. Venereal disease. Subay diꞌ maghinang sin makakangiꞌ pa baran bat diꞌ masakit sin sakit babai. We should not do what is bad for us so that we will not get venereal disease. Cf. haluꞌ 2 sakkal adj. Contrary, against (usu. of current). Sakkal in sūg pagtulak namuꞌ mari dayn ha Tiyanggi. The current was contrary when we traveled from Jolo coming here. Malallay in dāgan sin kappal bang sakkal sūg. A ship travels slowly if the current is against it. OV SYN. *saggaꞌ, sangsang sakkiyan adj. Abundant, many, plenty (as of people, fruit, trees but not liquids). Sakkiyan in bungangkahuy bihaun ha tabuꞌ. The fruit in the market is abundant now. OV SYN. taud, banus, paliyama

sakmit v. ag mang-, mag-, -um-; pat -un. To snatch or grab (something). Sakmitun natuꞌ in tinapay dayn ha lima niya. We will snatch the bread from his hand. Nasakmit sin tau in pitakaꞌ ku. My wallet was grabbed by the man. Cf. *dagtuꞌ saksak n. A slit, incision. Hinangi saksak manga unum insiꞌ in badjuꞌ niya. Make a slit about six inches long on her dress. In saksak ha tiyan sin burus mahabaꞌ. The incision on the stomach of the pregnant woman is long.    vi. ST pat -um-, ma-. To be or become ripped. Nasaksak in badjuꞌ niya. Her dress became ripped.    vt. AR ag mag-; ran -an. To make a cut or incision, split (something). Magsaksak kami patung hipaglantay sin bāy. We will split the bamboo to be used for flooring the house. In pagtirak sin burus subay saksakan in tiyan. To operate on a pregnant woman her stomach must be incised. Cf. gisiꞌ (See utud for table.) saksiꞌ n. A witness. Siya in saksiꞌ sin pagpatay. He is the witness of the killing.    v. ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To bear witness, testify. Sumaksiꞌ siya ha paghukum. He will testify at the trial. Saksian ku in kasabunnalan ha paghukum. I will testify of the truth at the trial. sakuꞌ-sakuꞌ n. Chewing, nibbling. In sakuꞌ-sakuꞌ sin maas usug yaun agak-agak. The chewing of that old man is slow (i.e., he chews slowly). In sakuꞌ-sakuꞌ sin kambing maamut. The nibbling of the goat is fast. Cf. supaꞌ sakulati 1 n. Chocolate, cocoa, chocolate drink or candy. Bang in bataꞌ makusug kumaun sakulati ampa diꞌ magtutbaras, in guwaꞌ niya mahaluꞌ in ipun niya. If a child eats lots of chocolate and then doesn’t brush his teeth, the result will be that his teeth will rot. 2 adj. Brown (in color). Sakulati in pantalun sin taymanghud ku. The pants of my brother were brown. sakup1 v. act maka-; ran ka-…-an. [Always with negation or expecting a negative reply.] To hear or know of (something in one’s experience), observe (something in the society one lives in). Walaꞌ aku nakasakup sin tau magkaun sagbut. I’ve never known of a person who eats grass. Nakasakup ka kaw sin anak magpaminasa maas? Have you ever heard of children who beat their parents? Kiyasakupan mu ka in babai magbana duwa? Have you ever known/heard of a woman (who is) married to two husbands (at the same time)?

sakup2 1 v. pat -un. To include (someone). Siyakup ta na kamu ha pagtugnaꞌ ku kaunun. I included you when I cooked rice (i.e., enough rice for you, too). 2 v. act -um-. To be present, witness (something). Siya in nakasakup sin paghiluhalaꞌ kahapun. He was present during the trouble yesterday. Nakasakup aku sin pagkālu nila. I witnessed their fight. Hisiyu in nakasakup sin pagsuntuk hinda Daud kay Abdul kahapun? Who witnessed the fist fight between Daud and Abdul yesterday? Cf. saksiꞌ sakutu adj. Like, same, equal (refers to God only, always negated). Subay magkahagad sin way sakutu in Tuhan. We should believe that God has no equal. Cf. sibuꞌ, saliꞌ *sala v. ag mag-; pat -un. To regard, treat, consider or take (someone) as (something). Bang mu aku siyala da amaꞌ mu subay kaw magꞌaddat kākuꞌ. If you regard me as your father you must respect me. Diꞌ ku siya salahun taymanghud ku bang siya diꞌ magpamaap kākuꞌ. I will not consider him as my brother if he won’t ask my forgiveness. Cf. saliꞌ, niyat salak n. A sickness caused by an evil spirit (that causes instant death). Bang mān kaw kiyugdan salak bat da kaw matay. May you be struck by sickness from an evil spirit so you’ll die.    vi. ST pat ma-. To die without any apparent cause, drop dead (used as a curse). Bang mān kaw masalak. May you drop dead. Cf. *ligis, *tubag, bugtang    vt. ag mag-; pat -un. To kill (someone). Bang magbāk in magbabanta ha lawm tabuꞌ tantu tuud magsalak magbunuꞌ. When enemies meet in the market there will certainly be killing (lit. [they] will fight, [they] will kill). salaksaꞌ (from laksaꞌ) 1 adj. Countless (in number). Salaksaꞌ sundalu in miyatay ha pagbunuan. There are countless soldiers who died in the war. 2 adj. Ten thousand. salam v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To greet or shake hands (with someone). Salamun ku siya sabab nakakawaꞌ siya umbul hambuuk. I’ll greet him because he got first honor. Salama in lima sin bagay mu malugay na kamu walaꞌ nakapagkitaꞌ. Shake hands with your friend whom you haven’t seen for a long time.

salama-lama adv. Forever, everlasting, always. Nagkakālu sadja kamu ini salama-lama. You’ve always been quarreling. Bang kaw miskin, mamiskin na kaw salama-lama. Once poor, you will remain poor forever. Cf. saumul, tattap, kakkal salamat adj. Free from any danger, safe, saved. Bang salamat da in pagtulak namuꞌ pa Sandakan magpaduwaa aku. If our trip to Sandakan is safe, I’ll hold a prayer ceremony. Bang nakalabay bunuꞌ ampa walaꞌ naunu, salamat in baran. If we pass through a war and are not hurt, our body is saved. Cf. lappas sasalamatan (derv.) n. A present, gift, reward. salappa n. A box for carrying the ingredients for betel nut chewing (usu. of brass or bronze).{Plays a ritual role in wedding negotiations as the container for messages carried between the suitor’s kin and those of the prospective bride.} In manga maas magmamamaꞌ nagtatakus sadja sin salappa ha kīd nila. The old folks who chew betel nut are always carrying a box for the ingredients of betel nut chewing fastened on their side. OV SYN. bakaꞌ-bakaꞌ; Cf. mamaꞌ Salasa n. Tuesday. Kumugdan Salasa in haylaya. The festival comes on Tuesday. (See adlaw for table.) *salassay v. CH 1 ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To arrange, fix up, settle (something, as trouble, misunderstanding, quarrel, or dispute through an intermediary). Subay salassayun in pagkālu nila ha supaya way lingug. Their quarrel should be settled so there will be no trouble. Cf. sulut salat1 n. The five-times-daily (obligatory Muslim) prayer. In bunnal tuud Muslim subay maghinang sin salat. The devout Muslim should observe the five-times-daily prayer. Cf. sambahayang, sanittiya salat2 adj. Very little, hardly any, scanty, insufficient. Salat da in kiyahātihan ku sin bissara niya. I understood very little of what he said. Cf. hangkatiyuꞌ, janning salawat (Ar.) n. Prayer for Prophet Muhammad (that God will add to the blessing given to him). In salawat makajāmin ha adlaw ahirat ha tau amu in nagsalawat. Prayer for the Prophet Muhammad can help the person who says the prayer at the last day.    v. ag mag-. To pray for the Prophet Muhammad. Nagsalawat in imam pa Nabi. The imam prayed for the prophet. Cf. duwaa

*salay vi. ST pat ma-. To separate or be separated. In duwa magtiyaun nasalay sabab sin pagbanta sin maas nila duwang sipak. The couple were separated because of the misunderstanding of their parents on both sides. Matay na in tau bang masalay na in nyawa dayn ha baran. A person will die when the spirit separates from the body.    vt. ag mag-; pat -un. [Agent can only be God. Does not occur with pa₂.] To separate (things or people). Bang kita bugtuan na sin Tuhan tantu salayun na kita iban sin kalasahan ta. When God breaks us off (i.e., we die) he will certainly separate us from our loved ones. Cf. butas salban n. Thread for sewing. Bīhi aku salban hipagtahiꞌ ku sin badjuꞌ ku. Buy me some thread to sew my dress. Cf. tanud, bannang saldik n. Fluency and intelligibility of speech (of children). Bukun sibuꞌ in saldik sin duwa bataꞌ ini minsan sila hangka-umul. The fluency and intelligibility of speech of these two kids are not the same even though they’re the same age.    v. ST pat -um-. To become fluent and intelligible in speaking. Sumaldik in bataꞌ-bataꞌ bang mu daran diyarā magbichara. The child will become fluent and intelligible in speaking if you speak to him often.    adv. masaldik Fluent and intelligible in speaking. In bataꞌ-bataꞌ ini masaldik tuud magbissara dayn ha kaibanan bataꞌ-bataꞌ ha pangumulan niya. This child is more fluent and intelligible in speaking than any other child of his age. sāli bulan n. The first night of the new moon. saliꞌ adj. Equal, alike. Saliꞌ-saliꞌ in pagdā ku ha manga mulid ku. I give equal treatment to my pupils. Saliꞌ in badjuꞌ nila. Their dresses are alike.    rel. Like, as. Saliꞌ siya agap bang missara. She talks like a parrot.    v. act mag-, -um-; pat -un. To be the same. Magsaliꞌ in palangay nila. Their characteristics are the same. Papagsaliun ku in pagꞌutud sin kātas. I’ll make my cutting of the papers the same (i.e., cut them all the same size).    v. pat -un. [Often prefixed with papag-.] To treat (someone) as (something). Saliun mu isab aku sin tau way panghāti. You’re treating me as a person with no understanding.

   v. ran -an. To copy (something), imitate (something). Bang ta salian in addat-tabiat sin manga nabi kalasahan tuud kita sin Tuhan. If we imitate the character and behavior of the prophets God will really love us. Cf. sibuꞌ *salik v. ag mag-; pat -un. To split (materials, as bamboo for weaving). Magsalik pa aku patung hipagꞌād bāy. I’ll split the bamboo to be used to fence the house. Subay na asal salikun in manga aanyamun ini. We have to split these materials for weaving beforehand. salikayaꞌ n. Egg pie, custard pie, leche flan. Lamuri hangka-mital gatas bang kaw maghinang salikayaꞌ. Mix in a can of milk when you make custard pie. salimbawang n. A rattan basket (with cover, for storing articles). Marayaw tuud pagtawꞌan tamungun baꞌgu hiyawn dayn ha buwaran in salimbawang. A rattan basket is very good for keeping clothes just taken off the clothesline. In salimbawang landuꞌ in kamdus. Rattan baskets are very durable. salimpak n. A (midwife’s) assistant (in a delivery). Subay awn salimpak sin panday magpaanak. A midwife needs an assistant in a delivery.    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To assist in a delivery. Hi Babuꞌ in sumalimpak. Aunt will assist in the delivery. Cf. sikān *salin 1 v. AR ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To change (one’s or someone’s) clothing. Salinan ku in badjuꞌ sin bataꞌ-bataꞌ. I’ll change the child’s clothes. Subay kaw magsalin sabab basaꞌ na sin hulas in badjuꞌ mu. You should change because your shirt is wet with perspiration. 2 v. ag mag-, -um-; pat hi-, -un. To transfer (something, as a title from one name to another, liquid from one container to another), translate (from one language to another). Salinun ku in ngān sin lupaꞌ pa anak ku. I’ll transfer the title of the land to my son. OV SYN. gantiꞌ, sambiꞌ salindang n. A pattern of cloth. Yari na in salindang ha paghinang sin badjuꞌ ku. Here is the pattern of cloth for making my polo shirt. Hawnu in salindang sin pantalun mu? Where is the pattern of cloth for your pants? salingkat n. A small rice basket (made of coconut leaves, used to contain rice when traveling or at feasts). Makaibug-ibug isab in salingkat hīnang hi Babuꞌ. The small rice basket made by Aunt is really cute.

Butangan niyu na in salingkat ha lamisahan bat magkaun na. Put the small rice basket on the table because we are going to eat now. salip n. A hereditary title given to someone who claims descent from Prophet Muhammad.{The title is passed through a father but not through a mother. Salip are regarded as possessing some divine influence.} Cf. habib, tampat *saliyu vi. RC act mag-. To become interchanged, mixed up, switched. Nagsaliyu in sinilas namuꞌ sabab hangka-lupa. Our rubber slippers got mixed up because they look alike.    vt. CH 1 pat -un. [Often prefixed with papag-.] To cause (things) to become interchanged temporarily, switch (things). Papagsaliyuhun ta in gigisgis nila. Let’s switch their toothbrushes. SYN. *saylu; Cf. sambiꞌ, aybuwas sallaꞌ n. Something that mars the appearance, character, structure (of something); fault, imperfection, defect, flaw. In katān mānusiyaꞌ awn sallaꞌ niya. All people have imperfections.    v. ag mag-, -um-, mang-; pat -un. To point out as a fault, defect, or flaw. Wayruun sallaun ku sin addat sin tau ini. There is nothing that I can point out as a flaw in this man’s character. Cf. sāꞌ 1.1 salsila (var. sarsila; tarsila) n. A genealogical story imbued with significant events (esp. about the nobility), genealogy. Ha salsila sin kamaasan awn kampung mu ha Manilaꞌ. In the genealogy of the older people you have relatives in Manila.    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un; goal -an. To relate such a story. Salsilahun ku kaniyu in pangkat sin manga sultan ha Lupaꞌ Sūg. I’ll relate to you the lineage of the sultans of Sulu. Salsilahan ta kamu sin pagsabil hi Jikiri. I’ll tell you about the suicide death of Jikiri. Cf. usulan *usul, kissa, kata-kata saltun (var. sartun) n. Dissolved earth (drunk to cleanse the body after having eaten food which is haram or drunk liquor).    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To cleanse (the body by drinking dissolved earth). Nagsaltun siya sin baran niya supaya siya makalamud magpuasa. She cleansed her body so that she could join in fasting. *salu v. act mag-; pat ma-; ran ka-…-an. To make a mistake, do (the wrong thing) unintentionally, (do something) by mistake. Kamayaꞌ kaw. Masalu kaw magꞌitung. Be careful. You might make a mistake in counting. Maapa aku. Kiyasaluhan ta kaw nasuntuk. Please forgive me. I socked you by mistake.

Cf. lawng1, sāꞌ 1.1 saluꞌ adj. (Of roosters) multi-colored. Manuk saluꞌ in dimaug ha pagbulangan. It was a multi-colored chicken that won at the cockfight. Cf. lintikan, buttikan, manas salugay rel. While, at the time when, as long as. Ha salugay ta buhiꞌ subay kita himinang sin daakan sin Tuhan. As long as we are alive we should do as God commands. Way pagkaun ku jatu salugay mu walaꞌ dī. I have no appetite to eat when you are not here. OV SYN. bābā salupa (from lupa₂) v. ag magpa-. To take on (one’s) appearance or form. Nagpasalupa mānusiyaꞌ in malāikat. The angel took on the appearance of a human being.    v. pat pa-…-un To make (something) look like (something else). Pasalupahun natuꞌ duktur in pakayan taniyu. Let’s make our clothes look like doctors’. Cf. sibuꞌ salura (Tag.) n. A salute. In hāti sin salura pagꞌaddat ha mataas kātuꞌ. The meaning of a salute is to respect those who are over us.    v. ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To salute. Magsalura aku bang ku pagkakitaan pataasun in panjiꞌ natuꞌ. I salute when I see our flag being raised. salusu n. {Archaic} A pirate. Diꞌ kaīgan salusu in lawm hulaꞌ namuꞌ. Our place is frequented by pirates. *salusu v. AQ ag/goal mag-; pat -un. {Rare} To search, go about looking for (something). Diꞌ ku hundungan salusuhun in nakakawaꞌ sin altaꞌ ku. I will not stop looking for the one who took my property. Cf. urul, lawag 1 Sama lawd n. Badjaw. Mataud Sama lawd magdaragang panagatun ha tabuꞌ. There are so many Badjaws selling seafoods at the market. sama-sama adv./adj. All together, all equal. Sama-sama kitaniyu maghinang. We will work all together. Sama-sama in habaꞌ sin digpiꞌ. The boards are all of equal length.    v. aux mag-; pat -un; ran pag-…-an. To do (something) all together or simultaneously. Samasamahun ta in pagꞌutud sin manga parang. Let’s do simultaneously the cutting of the grass. Cf. sibuꞌ Samal n. Sama (the ethnic group in the Sulu Archipelago other than the Tausug). Cf. Sama lawd

samantāraꞌ rel. But because, but since. Mabayaꞌ siya matun pa bāy niyu, samantāraꞌ yari na kaw dī, diꞌ na siya lumaus. She wants to go to your house, but since you are now here she won’t go. Diꞌ na aku mabayaꞌ kaniya, samantāraꞌ nalugus aku amuna in kapagtiyaun namuꞌ. I did not fall in love with him, but because I was forced to I married him. OV SYN. sabab sambag n. A written answer, reply. Wayruun pa sambag sin sulat ku. There is no answer yet to my letter.    v. CV 3 ag mag-, -um-; pat -un; pat/inst hi-. To answer, reply; answer back. Unu in hisambag mu? What will you answer back? Cf. jawab, sambung1 sambahayang n. The (Muslim five-times-daily) prayer, formal worship of religions other than Islam. Baꞌtal in sambahayang mu bang kaw kaintawꞌan sin pinit ha saꞌbu kaw nagsasambahayang. Your prayer is invalid if a lizard happens to defecate on you while you are praying.    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To worship, pray (the Muslim five-times-daily prayer). In Muslim magsambahayang makalima hangka-adlaw. A Muslim prays five times a day. Cf. sumba 1, duwaa, pangarap sambal n. A sauce made from tiny shrimp preserved in brine (baling) and tomatoes. Masarap in sambal bang butangan lara. Baling and tomato sauce is delicious when it has chili peppers. Marayaw in nanam sin sambal sin satti. The baling and tomato sauce of the kabobs has a nice taste. sambalani n. A white winged horse (believed by some to carry venerated persons, especially those who have died for religious reasons, to heaven). In tau matay sabil makapanguraꞌ ha sambalani. People who die in ritualized suicide fighting a personal holy war will be able to ride a white winged horse into heaven. Cf. kuraꞌ 1, burrak samban1 v. act mag-, -um-, mang-; goal kiya-…-an. [Does not occur with pa₂.] To meet (someone) on the way. Nagsamban kami iban hi Utuꞌ ha daig tabuꞌ. I met Sonny near the market place. Kiyasambanan ku siya ha giꞌtungan sin dān. I met him in the middle of the road. OV SYN. bāk samban2 v. ag mag-; pat -un. To plow (a field) for the first time (usually three plowings are done). Sambana na in palipat ta, Utuꞌ. Plow our field for the first time, Son. Cf. araru, bungkal1 , badjaꞌ, *badlis

sambat n. Something said. Unu in sambat niya? What did he say?    v. ag mag-, -um-; none -an. [Frequently unaffixed. Used as a quote formula.] To say. Sambat hi Abdul maluhay hibissara sagawaꞌ mahunit hinangun. Abdul says it’s easy to say (that) but hard to do (it). Sambatan nila diꞌ sila mugaꞌ ha parinta. They say they’re not afraid of the government. Cf. laung1 , bichara 1 sambiꞌ v. ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To exchange, change (something) for something else or some more (of the same commodity), borrow (something and replace it with a like item). Sumambiꞌ aku sīn kaniya. I’ll borrow money from her. Diꞌ makajari magsambiꞌ ha tinda yan. You can’t exchange things in that store. Hipagsambiꞌ ku badjuꞌ in manuk ini. I’ll give this chicken for a dress. Huun, sambian ku badjuꞌ in manuk mu yan! Yes, I’ll accept your chicken in exchange for this dress. Cf. *saylu, gantiꞌ, būs sambil rel. Until, including, and also. Sambil bihaun way aku nakatabuk sulat. I have not received any letter until now. Nasaggaw hi Abdul sambil tū tau niya. Abdul was arrested and also three of his followers. Bīhi aku badjuꞌ sambil tawmpaꞌ. Buy me a dress and shoes too. Cf. sampay 1, iban 1 sambilan n. A game of cards, blackjack, lucky nine.    v. ag mag-. To play this game. Magsambilan kitaniyu dūm tahun baꞌgu. Let’s play blackjack New Year’s Eve.    n. pagsambilan A place where this game is played. Dimaug hi Abdul ha pagsambilan kābii ha pagjagahan. Abdul won at the blackjack table last night at the vigil. Cf. sugal sambra n. A loose, short-sleeved blouse (reaching a little below the waist, usu. bordered with lace on the sleeves and on the front opening). In kakanaꞌ lanay hipatahiꞌ ku sambra. I will have the silk cloth sewn into a loose, short-sleeved blouse. Cf. sablay 2 sambu 1 n. Health (of people or plants). Makakūg-kūg isab in sambu sin manga anak nila. The health of their children makes (me) glad. v. ST pat -um-. (For people or plants) to become healthy or vigorous, thrive. Sumambu da isab in tiyanum bang daran biyubusugan. Plants will thrive if they are watered often. adj. masambu Healthy, vigorous, thriving. Aturun hadja, masambu in paltubuhan sin kahuy ini. You can tell by looking at this tree that it is healthy.

2 n. Prosperity (of a business or livelihood venture). v. ST pat ma-. (For a business or livelihood) to prosper, improve. Bihaun simambu na sila ha pagkabuhianan. As of now their livelihood is improving. adj. masambu (Of a business or livelihood) prosperous. Masambu in pagꞌusaha nila. Their business is prosperous. sambulaan n. A hawk. Diyaꞌgit sin sambulaan in anak manuk. The hawk dived for the baby chick. (See Appendix 1: Birds and Flying Insects) sambulawan adj. Striped with yellow (of plants such as corn, sugar cane, and bamboo [patung1]). Mataud ginis sin tiyanum sambulawan biyaꞌ na sin gandum iban tubu. There are many kinds of yellow-striped plants like corn and sugar cane. sambulayang n. A (Tausug) flag (placed on top of a miniature ceremonial palace). Hukuti in sambulayang ha taas sin māligay. Fasten the flag at the top of the miniature ceremonial palace. sambung1 n. An oral reply, answer, response, retort in speech. Unu in sambung mu pagsumariya kaymu sin pulis? What was your answer when the police questioned you?    v. CV 3 ag mag-, -um-; pat hi-; goal -an. To reply, answer, respond, retort. Sambung kaw sin bichara niya. You answer what he said. OV SYN. sambag sambung2 n. A waistband (of Tausug style loose pants, made of white cloth). Subay kakanaꞌ putiꞌ in sambung sin sawwal. The waistband of the pajama-like trousers should be of white cloth. *sambung-laung v. ag mag-; goal -an. To exchange words, ideas, or opinions. Mabayaꞌ kami magsambung-laung iban kamu. We would like to exchange opinions with you. OV SYN. pagliyulapal *liyu-lapal; Cf. *lugat, *sual *sambut v. AQ ag/goal mag-, -um-; pat -un. To catch (something, as a ball or falling object). Sambuta in bula tīluꞌ niya. Catch the ball that he threw. Cf. *tabuk samin 1 n. Mirror, glass. Nabagbag in samin. The mirror broke. v. ag mag-, -um-. To look into a mirror. Mabayaꞌ kaw sumamin ha samin ku? Would you like to look into my mirror? Diꞌ niya aku pasaminun. She won’t let me look into the mirror.

2 v. ag mag-. To wear eyeglasses. Pagsamin kaw sin samin mata ku. Wear my eyeglasses. samin-mata n. Eyeglasses. In papagan sin samin-mata niya bulawan. The frames of her glasses are made of gold.    v. ag mag-. To wear glasses. Bang kita malaas na, subay kita magsamin-mata bat marayaw in pangitaꞌ. When we’re old, we should wear glasses so that our sight will be good (i.e., we can see well). Cf. upat mata samlang v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To refute, disagree with in argument, contradict. Ayaw kaw magsamlang sin bissara hi amaꞌ mu bat kaw diꞌ pagꞌamāhan. Don’t contradict what your father says so he won’t get mad at you. Samlanga in bissara ku bang kaw walaꞌ kiyaamuhan. You may refute what I say if you don’t agree with it. Hangkan ku siyamlang in bissara niya pasal walaꞌ aku kiyasulutan sin pamung niya. The reason I contradicted what he said is that I am not pleased with his statement. sammal adj. Powerless, ineffective, futile (as of magic power); (of people, places, or things) ritually unclean. Way na pūs bang sammal na in ilmuꞌ. There’s no use if your magic power is powerless.    v. ST pat ma-. To become powerless, ineffective, futile; become ritually unclean. Masammal in pagkaislam mu bang kaw kumaun babuy. Your being a Muslim will become ineffective if you eat pork. In ilmuꞌ niya nasammal ha pasal sin pagkaun niya babuy. His sorceries became ineffective because he had eaten pork. Cf. baꞌtal 1 *sampaꞌ v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To disjoint (a dressed chicken). Sampaa na in manuk bang ubus na huꞌhuan. Disjoint the chicken when it’s already dressed. sampak n. A slap. In sampak niya kākuꞌ landuꞌ masakit. It really hurt when she slapped me. Cf. tapling, baga2    v. CH 1 ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To slap (something with an open hand). Siyampak niya in bataꞌ. She slapped the child. sampal n. Measles. Ayaw pahangini bang awn sampal sin bataꞌ. Don’t let the child get in the wind if she has measles. (See Appendix 8: Diseases)    v. pat -un. To have or become afflicted with measles. Dugainga bilik in bataꞌ siyampal bat diꞌ

sampalun in kaibanan. Put the children with measles in a separate room so that the others won’t catch it. sampang v. TV ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To meet or receive (someone arriving). Sampangun ta pa landing in manga tau naghadjiꞌ. Let’s meet the pilgrims at the airport. Cf. bāk    n. pasampang A gift (brought by a traveller returning from a trip). Nagdarā pasampang pa manga kampung in manga naghadjiꞌ. The pilgrims are bringing gifts for their relatives. sampay 1 adv. Until, till, unto. Way siya nakabayad utang sampay bihaun. She hasn’t paid her debt till now. 2 v. ag mag-, -um-. To reach or arrive at (a place). Walaꞌ kami nakasampay pa Makka. We didn’t reach Mecca. pasampay (derv.) n. A message. v. To send or deliver a message. sampig (Lu. dampig) 1 vi. act mag-, -um-. To come up against (something, as of a boat at a dock). Pasampiga in lansa pa jambatan. Cause the launch to go up against the pier. OV SYN.: *dagsaꞌ 1. vt. pat hi-; ran -an. To put (something) up against (something else), put one’s side against (something). Hisampig ku in manga bangkuꞌ pa dingding. I will put the chairs up against the wall. Siyampig in lansa pa higad hunasan. The launch was put up against (i.e., drifted to) the shore where the tide was out. Sampigan ku in dingding ini. I’ll put my side against this wall. n. sampigan The place where something comes up against. Cf.: sandig. 2 adj. (Of a person living in a place) having come from somewhere else. Hangkan siya ngiyanan tau sampig pasal sin dayn ha hulaꞌ dugaing siya. That’s why he’s called a person from somewhere else because he’s from a different place. *sampigay v. ag mag-, -um-, mag-…-an; ran ka-…-an. To stagger, walk with slow, unsteady, uncertain steps and with a jolting motion (as of a tipsy or dizzy person). Magsampigay siya bang siya nahihilu. He staggers when he is drunk.    n. pagsampigay The act of walking in such a manner. Narugtul niya in hāg ha pagsampigay niya. In his staggering he bumped into the post.

sampinit n. Wild raspberries. Maymuꞌ in bunga sin sampinit. Wild raspberries’ fruit is sweet. Masūb in manga Milikan magkaun bunga sampinit. Americans are fond of eating wild raspberry fruit. (See Appendix 5: Plants) sampul n. Rice cooked with coconut milk and turmeric.{The rice cooked thus is pressed into a bowl or cup, which is then overturned on a plate and surrounded by egg halves or pieces of roasted chicken. It is offered to the ancestors in a kāja or duwaa pa taas ceremony, offered to spirits, used at weddings, and used formerly to feed important people.}    v. ag mag-. To cook this food. Daaka siya magsampul. Ask her to cook rice with coconut milk and turmeric. *sampung (var. tampung2) v. CH 1 ag mag-, -um-; pat -un; ran -an. [With -un, one’s hand is used. With -an, some object is used.] To close or stop (something) up (as the mouth with a hand). Sampunga in simud niya bat diꞌ makasilawak. Put your hand over his mouth so he can’t shout. Cf. *tampan 1, *tabun sampurnaꞌ n. Completion, perfection, fulfillment; acceptance.    v. ag mag-; -um-; pat -un. To accept (something). In mahardikaꞌ pangayuun sin imaatu ha parinta diꞌ masampurnaꞌ sin prisidinti. The insurgents’ request for independence will not be accepted by the President. Nasampurnaꞌ sin Tuhan in sambahayang ku. God accepted my prayer. Cf. *makbul sampuwak (var. of simpuwak) v To splash or dash (liquid) about. samuꞌ n. samuꞌ-samuꞌ Impurity of reputation, bad mark on (one’s) reputation (as to morality). Way samuꞌsamuꞌ sin piil palangay hi Jul. There is not a bad mark on Jul’s reputation. Way samuꞌ-samuꞌ sin tunang mu yan. Your fiancee has a pure reputation. OV SYN. tamak 2 sāmud v. ag mag-; ran -an. To join, combine, intermingle, associate with. Magsāmud na kitaniyu sin pagmawlud natuꞌ. Let’s combine our mawlud celebration. Ayaw kaw magsāmud iban sin manga kapir. Don’t associate with the infidels. Cf. lamud 1 samut v. ag -um-. To hasten; hurry; be fast, quick, speedy; (do something) quickly, speedily. Samut kaw bat kita diꞌ abutan ulan. Hurry up so we won’t be overtaken by the rain. Pasamuta in paglutuꞌ mu bat

hiyapdiꞌ na sila. Make your cooking of the food quick (i.e., cook it quickly), for they’re hungry.    adv. masamut Soon, promptly, quickly (used with ha). Dumatung da sila ha masamut. They’ll arrive soon. Parāhan in sīn ha masamut. Send the money promptly. OV SYN. amut, kasay 1; Cf. sapat, biskay, siglaꞌ samuwa adj./adv. Same, equal(ly). Subay samuwa in pagdihil mu sīn ha manga anak mu. You should give the same amount of money to your children. Bukun samuwa in pagbahagiꞌ sin altaꞌ ha manga anak sin miyatay. The late father did not divide his wealth equally between his children. Cf. sama-sama sanam n. An ant.    v. ST pat -un. To get ants (in something), attract ants. Sanamun in sukal ha lāy. The sugar on the plate will get ants in it.    adj. masanam Occupied or filled with ants. Masanam tuud in bāy ini. This house is full of ants. Cf. alanggaꞌ, apipilaꞌ (See Appendix 4: Animals, Non-flying) *sanaw v. AQ ag/goal mag-, -um-; pat -un. To feel for (something with the hands esp. to find out something), grope for (something). Nagsanaw siya sin labayan sabab way ilaw. He groped for the passage, for there was no light. Sanawa kākuꞌ in bulpin ku. Feel for my ball pen for me. Cf. sadsad sandaꞌ n. Pledge, that which is pawned, security. Lukata niyu in manga sandaꞌ niyu bulan ini. Redeem what you’ve pawned this month.    v. CV 1 ag mag-, -um-; pat hi-; goal -an. To pawn or mortgage (something). Sandaan in singsing ku bang way sīn mu. Pawn my ring if you don’t have the money. Mastal in kiyasandaan sin singsing ku. I pawned my ring to a teacher. ANT. *lukat    n. pagsasandaan A pawnshop, pawnbroker. Cf. padjak sandal n. Endurance, resistance, perseverance (as in pain, difficulty, or hardship). Way makasibuꞌ sin sandal sin tau yan. No one can equal that man’s endurance.    v. ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To endure, resist, persevere, hold on, bear up (under pain, grief, loss, or any suffering). Sandali in sakit. Endure the pain. Makasandal kaw maghulaꞌ dī? Could you endure living here?    adj. masandal Able to endure, resist, persevere, bear up. Masandal siya dumā kasusahan. She is able

to bear up under her trouble. SYN. tatas; OV SYN. sabal1 sandat (var. sindat) adj. (Of clothing) narrow, tight (also masandat). In pantalun ini sandat kaymu. These pants are tight for you.    v. ST pat mag-, -um-. (For clothing) to be or become too tight. In kakanaꞌ maung, bang karakdakan na sumandat. When denim cloth is laundered (the garment) becomes too tight. sandig v. ag mag, -um-; pat hi-; ran -an. To lean against (something). Ayaw kaw sumandig kākuꞌ. Don’t lean against me. Sandig kaw ha simintu. Lean against the cement. Hisandig ku in taykud ku pa kahuy. I’ll lean my back against the tree.    n. sandigan A place leaned against. Cf. sampig 1 sandil n. A concubine, paramour of a sultan or datu. Mataud sandil sin sultan. The king has many concubines. Cf. kirida sandung v. act mag-, -um; ran ka-…-an. To visualize, remember, think of, picture, or imagine (someone not present); (for someone not present or a spirit) to come into (one’s) mind or appear in (one’s) imagination. Bang magsandung in anak ku ha Manilaꞌ sayinggan aku kimitaꞌ sin pattaꞌ niya. When my son in Manila comes into my mind instantly I look at his picture. Bang magsandung in tunang ku ha atay ku magpakatangis aku. Sometimes I could cry when my lover appears in my imagination. Bang aku in kasandungan sin laylatul in pangayuun ku kaniya, mahinang aku tau balkanan. If a Muslim saint appears in my imagination I’ll ask that I may become a wealthy person. OV SYN. sitta, *tumtum 1, magꞌapas lambung idiom lambung; Cf. panyataꞌ sani n. Sago palm. Marayaw hinangun atup bāy in sani sabab bukun mapasuꞌ. Sago palm (leaves) are good for roofing a house because they are not hot. Metroxylon sagu (See Appendix 5: Plants) sanittiya adj. Religious (spoken of one who prays five times a day). Bukun sanittiya in tau magsambahayang Jumaat sadja. A person who prays only on Fridays is not religious.    v. ag mag-. To pray five times a day. Wajib in Muslim magsanittiya. It is obligatory for a Muslim to pray five times a day. sanjataꞌ n. Firearms, deadly weapons. Mataud sanjataꞌ diyā sin sundalu pa Lupaꞌ Sūg. The soldiers took

many firearms with them to Jolo.    v. ag mag-; pat -un; goal -an. To carry firearms, arm (someone) with firearms. Pagsanjataꞌ kaw bang kamu manaw pa gimba. Carry your firearms when you go into the interior. Sanjataan sin parinta in manga kunsiyal. The government will arm the councilmen with firearms. Cf. almas, sinapang, pistul, musil, kanyun, ispil *sannyang v. ST pat mag-, -um-. To come into a state of pleasure, comfort, ease, luxury, peace. Bang mataud in kasusahan mu diꞌ sumannyang in pamikil mu. When you have many problems your thoughts won’t become peaceful.    n. kasannyangan Comfort, ease, luxury, peace (either physical, mental, or emotional). Wayruun kasannyangan sin hulaꞌ bang nagbubunuꞌ sadja. A land has no peace when there’s continuous fighting.    adj. masannyang Characterized by comfort and ease, luxury, peace. Masannyang in tau mataud pilak niya. A person with plenty of money has comfort and ease. sannyawa n. Panties, underwear (including young children’s panties). Kulaha in manga sannyawa yan. Bleach those panties.    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To wear panties or underpants, use (something) as panties. Ayaw kaw magsannyawa sin yan. Don’t wear those panties.    v. AR ag mag-; ran -an. To put panties or underwear on (someone, esp. a child). Sannyawahi in bataꞌbataꞌ. Put panties on the child. Cf. kansisilyu santan n. Sugared coconut milk with cooked rice (a confection). Masarap in santan bang lamuran dūyan. Sugared coconut milk with cooked rice is really good mixed with durian. Cf. gataꞌ, putti santap v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. (For a member of the royalty) to eat. Diꞌ mabayaꞌ sumantap in anak datuꞌ. The son of the datu doesn’t want to eat. Piyasantap ha sultan iban dayang-dayang in kakaun way saliꞌ in lanab. The king and princess were offered food to eat that was unmatched in taste. OV SYN. kaun 1 santik v. AR ag mag-, mang-, -um-; ran -an. To strike (a match). Santiki in bagid. Strike the match. santiliꞌ n. A beggar (someone esp. an old man who comes to one’s house and asks blessing from God for

the family and in return is given rice or money). Dihili upat sūpa bugas in santiliꞌ. Give the beggar four cup-measures of rice.    v. ag mag-, mang-, -um-; ran -an. To beg from (people). Makasipug in manantiliꞌ ha tau. It is a shame to beg from people. Santilian sin maas yan minsan tau miskin. That old man begs even from poor people. Cf. limus *santuk v. CV 1 ag mag-, -um-; pat hi-; ran -an. (For a part of the body, usu. the head) to strike or bump (something), strike or knock (a part of the body on something). Simantuk in ū niya ha lawang. His head bumped on the door. Santukan in ū niya pa dingding. Knock his head on the wall. Cf. banggul sāng n. A period or interval (when a bird stops laying eggs or a woman stops menstruating). Hangka-bulan da in sāng sin manuk yan magꞌiklug. The interval when that hen doesn’t lay eggs is only one month.    v. act -um-, mag-. (For menstruation or hens’ laying of eggs) to stop (for a period of time). Simāng in pagduguꞌ hi Sitti hangka-bulan na. Sitti’s menstruation has stopped for one month. Magsāng in manuk magꞌiklug. Chickens periodically stop laying eggs. sanga n. A bough (of a tree), branch (of a tree, road, river, etc.). Harap pakain in sanga sin subaꞌ yan? In what direction does that branch of the river go?    v. act mag, -um-. To separate into branches, go off in another direction, diverge; (for a tree) to develop branches. Malugay magsanga in kahuy yan. It’s taking a long time for that tree to develop branches.    adj. sangahan/masanga Having many branches. Uturi niyu in kahuy sangahan yaun. Cut down that tree with many branches. Cf. saꞌpan sangal v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To open (a mouth) forcibly (usu. done to children). Sangala in simud sin bataꞌ-bataꞌ. Force the mouth of the child to open. Sangalun ta in simud sin kambing bat makainum sukaꞌ. Let’s force the mouth of the goat open so that it can drink the vinegar. Cf. bangaꞌ sangat adv. In a supreme degree, preeminently, superlatively, incomparably. Hambuuk-buuk Tuhan in sangat kawasa ha unu-unu katān. It’s only God who is preeminently powerful in all things.    v. ST pat -um-, ma-. To become serious, grave, worse, severe, (as of illness). Subay na simangat in sakit sin bataꞌ ampa diyā pa uspital. They did not bring the child to the hospital until her illness became grave.

   adj. masangat Intense, very serious, becoming worse (esp. of a sick or physically injured person). Masangat na in sakit niya. His illness is very serious now. OV SYN. pangsan; Cf. landuꞌ, karuk sāngat 1 v. act mag-, -um-; ran -an. (For an object) to land (on something high), put (something on top of something high). Nakasāngat in taguriꞌ ha taas kahuy. The kite landed on top of the tree. Tuurun ku pasāngatun in tambu-tambu niya pa taas niyug. I’ll purposely make her balloon land on top of the coconut tree. OV SYN. *sagnat 2 v. act -um-; ran ka-…-an. (For one’s mind) to reach (something), (for someone) to pass (a test) or obtain (employment). Hinangun ku na in unu-unu kasāngatan sin pikilan ku. I’ll do whatever my mind can reach (i.e., I can think of). sangay v. ag mag-; pat hi-. [Does not occur with pa₂.] To name (a child) after (someone else). Piyagsangay niya in anak niya ha magulang nila miyatay. He named his child after their deceased brother. *sangba adj. masangba (Of the shoulders) broad. Masangba in abaga niya. His shoulders are broad. Cf. lakbang sangbaw n. A crab trap. Mataud kagang nakāꞌ sin sangbaw nila. They caught many crabs in their crab trap. Cf. bubu1 , liꞌtag sangbay v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To hold (a baby) with both hands at the armpits and rock (it) up and down (to play with it). Masūb siya magsangbay bataꞌ-bataꞌ. He is fond of holding a baby at the armpits and rocking it up and down. Sangbayun ku in anak sin magulang ku. I’ll hold my sister’s baby at the armpits and rock it up and down. sangdan1 adj. More than enough, abundant. Sangdan kami ha tubig. We have an abundant supply of water. Cf. ballabi-labihan labi sangdan2 v. ag mag-, -um-; goal -an. [Usu. with another verb.] To continue, go on (doing something). Sangdan kaw kumaun bungang-kahuy. You go on eating fruit. Simangdan siya nagkaun sin ginisan lugay niya ha Sūg. She continued eating everything while she was in Jolo. Siyangdanan nila in bungang-kahuy tiyatawꞌ ku. They continued (eating) the fruit I set aside.

*sangdul v. CV 1 ag mag-, -um-; pat hi-; goal -an. To give in charge, entrust, commit (something to someone). Sangdulan na pa mayul in parkalaꞌ yan. You entrust that case to the mayor. Sangdulan na pa Tuhan in unu-unu kasusahan mu. Commit to God whatever problem you have. Cf. *sarahakan *sangga v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To spread out and cup (the hands) with the palms up (in a supplicating position). Siyasangga sin imam in lima niya. The priest spread out and cupped his hands with the palms up. *sanggul1 vi. act -um-. To collide slightly (with something), bump. Nakasanggul in ū niya pa lawang. He bumped his head on the door.    vt. pat -un. To bump (something into something else). Sanggulun ku sān pa hāg in ū mu! I’ll bump your head on the post! Cf. *dugtul *sanggul2 v. AR ag mag-, -um-; goal -an. To trim the comb (of a rooster). Sangguli naa in manuk ini. Will you trim the comb of my rooster. Cf. *utud *sanggul3 v. ag mag-. To arm wrestle. Diꞌ aku makakusug magsanggul iban ikaw. I’m not strong enough to arm wrestle with you. sanggun n. Penitence. Sanggun in pagtawag ha tau mangayuꞌ kaampunan pa Tuhan pasal sin dusa niya. Penitence refers to a person’s asking forgiveness from God for his sin. *sanggup 1 v. ag mag-, -um-; goal -an. To threaten (someone) seriously. Siyanggupan niya patayun in tau nanipug kaniya. He seriously threatened to kill the man who shamed him. OV SYN. *antup 2 v. ag mag-, -um-; goal -an. To make an affirmation (never to do something again), yield or relent (esp. after having a bad or painful experience) with a promise not to repeat an action. Diꞌ sumanggup in bataꞌ ini minsan mu unuhun. This child won’t relent no matter what you do to him. Nakasanggup aku diꞌ maghinang kanila magbalik. I’ve firmly asserted never to work for them again. In pilisu simanggup diꞌ na manakaw magbalik. The prisoner affirmed he never would steal again. Cf. luga sanggut 1 n. A sickle, curved blade on a long handle. v. CH 1 ag mag-, -um-; pat -un; ran -an. [With -un, stress is on the cutting; with -an, on the thing cut.] To cut (something) with a sickle or curved blade on a long handle. Sanggutun ta in bunga sin niyug.

We will cut the coconuts with a long-handled curved blade. 2 v. ag magpang-; pat pang-…-un. To take by trickery, fraud, or smooth talk; swindle. Magpananggut siya altaꞌ sin tau. He swindles people out of their wealth. OV SYN. kustaw, kulliꞌ 1 sanghay n. A kind of thin silk cloth. Malingkat in sanghay binī niya ha bartil. The thin silk cloth she bought at the barter trade market is beautiful. Marayaw hinangun badjuꞌ hipagtutūg in sanghay. Thin silk cloth is good to use as a nightdress. *sangka 1 v. ag mag-. ran -an. To be worried, sad, sorry (about something). Magsangka sadja siya sabab way na magpaiskul kaniya. He is worried because there’s no one to put him through school. In piyagsangkahan ku sin nasakit kaw. I’m sorry that you are sick. OV SYN. susa 2 v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To complain or protest against, object to (something). Nagsangka siya pa Tuhan sin bukun siya maingat. He is complaining against God for not being intelligent. Subay kita diꞌ sumangka sin kabayaan sin Tuhan. We should not protest against the will of God. Diꞌ aku makasangka ha kabayaan sin maas ku. I cannot object to my parents’ wishes. Cf. *saggaꞌ, sulang, *sulak, *mupārik sangkaꞌ 1.1 v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. (For a driven, pointed object such as a nail or the handle point of a bolo) to reach a limit or an end point; drive (such an object) to a limit. Nagsangkaꞌ siya pūhan pa utak. He is driving the bolo into its handle (lit. the handle onto the bolo). 1.2 v. act -um-. To reach or be at the limit or highest degree (of something). Simangkaꞌ in limuꞌ sin gulaꞌ. The sweetness of the honey is of the highest degree. Simangkaꞌ mayan in hapdiꞌ niya nanakaw siya. When his hunger reached the limit he was forced to steal. 2 v. act -um-. (For something) to hit or strike (something else). Nakasangkaꞌ in lima niya pa lawang. His hands hit the door. OV SYN. *dugtul sangkad adj. Too full, stuffed beyond normal capacity, (of solid objects that can hold no more, also of a stomach, mockingly). Sangkad na in tiyan niya. Her stomach is too full. Sangkad na in labban sin manga badjuꞌ. The box is stuffed with clothes.    v. CH 1 ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To fill (something with something else) beyond its normal capacity, fill to excess, stuff too full. Sangkarun ta sin lupaꞌ in mital ini. Let’s fill this can to excess with soil.    adj. masangkad Filled beyond normal capacity, stuffed too full. Magkangiꞌ in malita bang masangkad

sin badjuꞌ. The suitcase will be ruined if it’s stuffed too full with clothes. Cf. hipuꞌ, dasuk, lasay 1 sangkakala n. The trumpet (believed to be sounded on the day of judgment). Huyupun na in sangkakala bang makiyamat na in dunya. The trumpet will be sounded when the end of the world comes. sangkalan n. A (kitchen) chopping board. In sangkalan amu in pagsisipakan istaꞌ. A chopping board is what we split fish on. SYN. angdulan *angdul sangkap n. A chisel. sangkil n. A harpoon lance. In sangkil pagꞌusalun hipamatay kaytan. A harpoon lance is used to kill sharks. Mahunit makaīg in istaꞌ bang kugdanan sin sangkil. It is hard for fish hit by a harpoon lance to get out of it. Cf. sāpang sangkuꞌ n. A bayonet. Awn sangkuꞌ sin manga sundalu yaun. Those soldiers have bayonets.    v. CH 1 ag mag-, -um-; goal -un. To stab or kill (someone) with a bayonet. Siyangkuꞌ sin Jipun in amaꞌ niya. His father was bayoneted by the Japanese. Cf. punyal sangkul n. A hoe. Kagunahan tuud sin magjajambangan in sangkul. Gardeners really need a hoe.    v. CH 1 ag mag-, -um-; pat -un; ran -an. To dig or loosen soil with a hoe. Nagsangkul siya lupaꞌ sambil dūm. He hoed the soil until nighttime. Sangkulun ku in lupaꞌ dūm ini. I’ll hoe the earth tonight.    v. AR ran -an. To hoe (a place). Sangkulan ta in lupaꞌ dī. We’ll hoe the soil in this place. Cf. kaliꞌ, bungkal1 *sanglad v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. (For a vessel) to run aground. Siyanglad in kappal. The ship ran aground.    n. sanglaran A place where a vessel runs aground. Cf. *dagsaꞌ 1 *sanglag v. CH 1 ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To toast or roast (food in a pan, without oil or water). Butangi buhangin bang kaw magsanglag sin batung. When you roast peanuts add sand.    n. siyanglag Grated cassava roasted (in a pan). Butangi kiyugut lahing in siyanglag. Add grated coconut to the roasted cassava. sanglit 1 n. Praise, commendation, glorification.

v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To praise highly, glorify (someone). Sanglitun ta in Tuhan sin dayaw niya kātuꞌ. Let’s praise God for his goodness to us. Cf.: bansag2 , lagguꞌ 2. 2 v. ag magpa-. To speak or act arrogantly or overbearingly (as if one’s words or actions are worthy of praise or commendation). Nagpasanglit isab in tau ini sawkat na siya dayahan. This man speaks overbearingly just because he is rich. Cf. abbu 1 sangpat adv. Exactly (on time). Sangpat ha waktu in kakari niya. She came here exactly on time. sangput adj. (Of girls) having reached the age of puberty. Sangput na in bataꞌ yan subay magꞌakkal na budjang. That girl has reached the age of puberty; she should act like a young lady.    v. act mag-, -um-. To reach puberty. Kamawmuhan sumangput in bataꞌ babai bang magꞌumul na hangpuꞌ tagduwa. Generally girls reach puberty at the age of twelve. Pasangputun naa in babai ampa sila tiyaunun. Let the girl reach puberty first and then they will be wed. Cf. akil bālig sangsaꞌ n. Effort, labor, toil, service. Kawgun in sangsaꞌ ku nagpalagguꞌ kaymu way mu da aku tiyumtum. My labor for you bringing you up has been wasted as you don’t even remember me.    v. ag mag-; ran pag-…-an. To labor, toil, exert effort, render service. Wajib in manga anak magsangsaꞌ ha maas. It’s obligatory for children to exert effort for the benefit of their parents. hulas-sangsaꞌ (comp.) n. Great effort (lit. sweat and toil). v. To exert great effort. sangsang v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To go against (a current of water or wind). Malunud in sakayan bang kita sumangsang sin sūg. Our skiff will sink if we go against the current. Cf. *saggaꞌ sanguꞌ v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un; ran -an. To do (something to make oneself liked, to please someone, or to avert a quarrel), prevent (something bad from happening). Magsanguꞌ aku minsan unu ha supaya maapun mu aku. I’ll do anything so that you will forgive me. Sanguun ku in baran ku ha unu hipahinang mu sabab kalasahan ta kaw. I’ll do anything you ask of me because I love you. Sanguan ku in mangiꞌ, lanuan ku in kusina sin bāy ini piyagsukayan namuꞌ. I’ll prevent something bad from happening, I’ll clean the kitchen of this house we’re renting. *sangun v. AR ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To put on, put up, install (something, as an electric light), be fitted with (something, as false teeth). Sanguni kurtina in manga tandawan. Put up curtains on the window.

Magpasangun siya ipun marpil. He will have false teeth fitted. Pasangunan ku ilaw iliktrik in bāy namuꞌ. I’ll have electric lights installed in our house. Cf. butang sāp n. A mark, brand, label, seal, trademark. Unu in sāp sin kamisita mu? What is the brand of your shirt?    v. AR ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To mark, label, brand, or stamp (something). Sāpi in hāg yan sin pinta pula. Mark that post with red paint. Cf. tandaꞌ, gudlis sapa v. ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To swear (an oath), take an oath. Sapa kaw ha Kuraan bang bukun ikaw in nakabunuꞌ. Swear on the Koran if you’re not the murderer. Sapahi bang way da kaw nakatakaw sin sīn nalawaꞌ. Swear if you did not steal the money that was lost. sāpa n. A badge. In sāpa sin manga pulis taga umbul. The badges of the police are numbered. sapaꞌ n. A small river, stream. Nagpayguꞌ in manga kabataan ha sapaꞌ. The children are bathing at the stream. Cf. subaꞌ1 sapāat n. Intercession.    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To intercede, intervene on behalf of (someone, often the soul of a dead person). In Nabi amu na in sumapāat ha manga ummat niya ha adlaw mahuli. The Prophet will intervene on behalf of his followers on the last day. Sapāatun sin manga buhiꞌ in manga patay bang sila magsarakka atawa magpajamu. The living may intervene on behalf of the dead when they give alms or make a feast. Cf. *hulmat sapādpād (var. of pādpād) adv Instead of, rather than. sapal n. The residue of grated coconut after it has been soaked, strained, and pressed out but not cooked. SYN. lubas; Cf. akal sapali n. A fellow conspirator, accomplice. Hi Abdul in sapali hi Hasan sin pagtakaw. Abdul was Hasan’s accomplice in robbery.    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To conspire, connive with (someone). Nagsapali in sugarul iban sin pulis. The thief and the police were conniving. Cf. kunsi sapanjang rel. Throughout (one’s life). Sapanjang sin umul ku in ikaw banta ku. Throughout my life

(i.e., as long as I live) you will be my foe. Cf. salugay sapantun rel. For example (used with biyaꞌ to form comparisons). In dagbus niya biyaꞌ sapantun sin hambuuk tau walaꞌ nakakaun hangka-pitu. He looks like a person who hasn’t eaten for a week. Biyaꞌ sapantun kāyu nalalaga in kalis yaun. That kris is like a blazing flame.    v. pat -un, hipag-. To liken (something to something else), use (something) as an illustration. Siyapantun niya in bissara niya pa tau magꞌuuma, bang magtanum awn anihun. He used a farmer as an illustration in his speech, if he plants there will be a harvest. Cf. ibārat, upamakun sāpang n. A spear (for catching fish), harpoon. In sāpang niya diꞌ makakawaꞌ kagang. His harpoon couldn’t get the crab. OV SYN. sawbang; Cf. budjak, sangkil saparti rel. Like, resembling. In undan saparti itik. The wild duck is like a duck. Saparti siya hi amaꞌ niya. He resembles his father. In asu saparti gabun. The smoke is like a cloud. In addat niya saparti biyaꞌ kan Emma. Her character is like Emma’s. Saparti bungsud in bāy ta. Our house is like a fish corral. OV SYN. biyaꞌ sapat n. Quickness, swiftness, rapidity, haste. Biyaꞌ kilat in sapat niya dumāgan. He runs with the swiftness of lightning.    v. ST pat mag-, -um-. To become quick (in doing something). Lumugay sumapat da kaw magtayp. Eventually you will become quick in typing.    v. pat -un. To do (something) quickly, speedily, quicken or hurry (an action). Sapatun ta in panaw ta bat kita makaabut sin lansa. Let’s quicken our pace so that we can reach the launch (on time). Ayaw pasapata in pagꞌitung mu bat kaw diꞌ malawng. Don’t hurry your counting so you won’t make a mistake.    adj. masapat Fast, speedy, swift, rapid, snappy. Masapat siya maghinang ha lawm bāy. She is a fast worker in the house. Cf. biskay, amut, siglaꞌ, kasay 1, samut, alistu sapatus (var. kapatus) (Tag.) n. A shoe.    v. AR ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To wear shoes, put shoes on (someone). Diꞌ mabayaꞌ magsapatus in bataꞌ. The kid refuses to put on his shoes. Sapatusi ba in bataꞌ ini. Will you put shoes on this child. OV SYN. tawmpaꞌ

sapiꞌ 1 n. A cow. Cf. mandangan 1 2 n. Beef. Diꞌ makaun sin Muslim in sapiꞌ bang bukun siyumbayꞌ. Muslims don’t eat beef if it isn’t ceremonially slaughtered. *sāpid 1 v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To braid (something, as hair or straw). Sāpira ba in buhuk niya. Will you braid her hair? In buhuk hi Jamilaꞌ siyasāpid. Jamila’s hair is braided. Cf. *pugus 2 v. act mag-. (For there) to be many of something, (for the skin) to be covered with or full of (something such as sores). Nagsāpid sin lahud in bataꞌ-bataꞌ yaun. That child is covered with welts. sapiyul n. A driver (of a vehicle), chauffeur. Wayruun sapiyul sin jīp yan. There is no driver for that jeep.    v. ag mag-. To drive (a vehicle). Diꞌ siya mabayaꞌ magsapiyul sin jīp yaun. He doesn’t like to drive that jeep. *sapla adj. masapla Coarse, rough to the touch; (esp. of dry food on the tongue) coarse (in texture); unpleasant (to the ear). Masapla kaunun in bugas gandum minsan biyaꞌdiin in dayaw sin katugnaꞌ. Corn grits are coarse to eat no matter how well they are cooked. Masapla in kaunun sabab walaꞌ tiyatahapan in bugas. The rice is coarse because it wasn’t winnowed. Masapla in bangbang hīnang niya. The confection she made is coarse in texture. Masapla tuud pa taynga ku in bissara niya. What he says is unpleasant to my ears. OV SYN. kasap saplag adj. Widespread, universal. Saplag in sakit yan ha katilingkal dunya. That disease is widespread throughout the world.    vi. act -um-; pat ma-. (For information) to be disseminated; (for disease, rumors, fire, famine, etc.) to spread, become widespread or universal. Simaplag na in sunug pa Tinda Lawd. The fire has spread to Chinese Pier. Nasaplag na in suysuy yan. That rumor has become widespread.    vt. ag mag-, magpa-; pat -un, pa-…-un. To disseminate (information), spread (something). Subay saplagun pa mānusiyaꞌ katān in daakan sin Tuhan. God’s command must be spread to all mankind. Subay pasaplagun in pahāti yan pa tau katān. That information should be disseminated to all people. Cf. latag saplung v. ag mag-; pat -un; ran -an. To cut off, amputate, cut (a part or the end) off (something). Nasaplung in duhul tudluꞌ niya sin laring mahayt. The end of his pointing finger was cut off with a

sharp knife. Siyaplung sin tau in sayng ku ha higad dān. Somebody cut off my banana plant near the road. Saplungan ku in lima mu sin utak. I’ll cut off your hands with a bolo. (See utud for table.) Sappal (var. Shafar) n. The second month of the Muslim calendar, having 29 days.{The month for the tulak balaꞌ, the ablution ceremony.} Bulan Sappal in pagpanulak balaꞌ sin manga tau. The second month of the year is (the time for) the ablution ceremony to expel evil. (See bulan for table.) sappit n. A kind of large outrigger canoe with sail. Sappit in piyagluwanan nila tubig. They loaded the water on a large outrigger canoe with sail. Cf. lipa, bangkaꞌ1 , sakayan, dāmas, kumpit2, piddas *sapu 1 v. CH 1 ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To massage, rub gently. Sapuha in buktun niya masakit. Massage her painful forearm. 2 v. AR ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To wipe clean, sweep (something clean). Sapuhi in lantay. Sweep the floor clean. Sapuhan ku in lummiꞌ pa guwaꞌ. I’ll sweep the dirt outside. Cf. *lanuꞌ, tarapu sasapu (derv.) n. A broom. *sapud (gimb. *lapud) v. ag mag-, -um-, mang-; pat -un. To throw rocks or pieces of wood at (fruit trees to make fruit fall). Siyapud nila in mampallam. They threw rocks at the mango tree. OV SYN. *kabbat1; Cf. *tiluꞌ 1 saput n. A shroud, white cloth used to wrap a corpse for burial. In saput subay diꞌ pagtahiun. A shroud should not be sewn.    v. AR ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To wrap (a corpse) with a white cloth (for burial). Pagꞌubus liguun saputun na ampa sambahayangun sin pakil. After (the corpse) is ceremonially cleansed it is wrapped in white cloth and then the priest prays over it. SYN. kapan; Cf. putus saputangan n. A handkerchief. Tarapuhi in bayhuꞌ mu sin saputangan. Wipe your face with a handkerchief. SYN. panyuꞌ saputikaꞌ 1 rel. Because, by reason of. Diꞌ tuud aku mabayaꞌ maghinang sin biyaꞌ ha yan, saꞌ, saputikaꞌ mu in nagdaak hinangun ku. I really hate to do that, but, because you requested me to, I will. Cf. pasal1, sabab 2 rel. Except for, only. Malugay na aku nagdagang dī mataud in magpamī, saputikaꞌ adlaw ini wayruun

tuud. I’ve been selling here a long time (and) many buy (from me), except for today, nobody (has bought). sapuyuꞌ n. A hat or cap with a brim (for shading the eyes). Pagsarukan in sapuyuꞌ mu pa uma. Wear your brimmed cap for going to the field. Cf. saruk, sāyung saraꞌ 1 n. Laws, rules, regulations. Pagmulkaan in lumanggal saraꞌ sin Tuhan. Wrath will fall on anyone who violates the laws of God. Subay ta agarun in saraꞌ sin parinta. We have to obey the governmental laws. v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To bring (a case) to court, (for a judge) to settle (a case). Magsaraꞌ kita pasal sin altaꞌ ini. We have to bring the matter about the wealth to court. Saraun sin huwis in parkalaꞌ nila. The judge will settle their case. Cf.: *salassay. 2 v. ran ka-…an. To be agreeable to, be pleased. Diꞌ aku kasaraan sin hinang niya. I’m not pleased with his work. Baytai aku bang kaw diꞌ kasaraan sin addat ku. Tell me if you are not pleased with my behavior. Cf. amu1 *sarahakan v. ag mag-; pat hipag-. To commit (something) to (God’s) will. Hipagsarahakan ta na siya pa Tuhan sabab diꞌ na siya kaubatan sin duktur. We’ll commit him to the will of God because the doctors can’t do anything for him. Cf. *sangdul sarahakan tugul v. ag mag-. A type of marriage proposal.{Usu. done when the girl’s family or the girl herself shows dislike or reluctance to accept the man’s proposal. But because of the man’s sincere desire to marry the girl, he and his family proceed to the girl’s residence bringing the dowry, usu. more than the traditional amount asked for by the girl’s family. The man’s family won’t leave the house no matter how long it takes until the decision is made.} sarakka n. An alms gift.{Money or something in kind given to a widow or orphan [esp. upon having a bad dream, upon success in business or other venture], to a practitioner after curing a patient, or to a Muslim priest after performing a prayer ceremony.} Dihili sarakka in manga pakil pagꞌubus nila magduwaa. Give the priests an alms gift when they finish the prayer ceremony.    v. AR ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To give money (to someone for such reasons). Sarakkahan ku in manga ilu ini bang aku magdagang sin lahing ku. I’ll give an alms gift to these orphans if I can sell my copra.

Subay kaw magsarakka bang awn tagainup mu mangiꞌ. You should give alms gifts if you have a bad dream. Cf. jakat, pitlaꞌ saranti (Tag.) n. Disturbance, annoyance. Saranti dakulaꞌ in hibuk. Noise is a great disturbance.    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To disturb (someone). Ayaw kaw magsaranti Utuꞌ awn pa hinang ku. Don’t disturb me, Sonny, I’m doing something yet. Sarantihun ta kaw bang kaw diꞌ magad manaw. I’ll disturb you if you don’t come along for a walk. OV SYN. sasat sarang (var. hāng) adj. Enough, just right, sufficient, fitting. Bukun sarang ha limangka-tau in pagkaun piyarā mu. The food that you sent is not enough for five people.    vi. act -um-, mag-. To fit, be just right, enough, sufficient, be big enough for. Diꞌ sumarang in badjuꞌ ku kaniya. My dress isn’t big enough for her. Cf. makainihan *ini    vt. ag mag-; pat hi-, -un. To try on something for fit. Hisarang ku in badjuꞌ niya. I’ll try on his shirt to see if it fits. Cf. jukup    adj. rdp. Just about right, fairly good, fair fit, not too large, good fit. Sarang-sarang in lagguꞌ sin lamisahan ini. The size of this table is just about right.    v. CH 1 rdp. pat -un. To make one’s action slower or more to a norm (as in driving). Sarang-saranga da in pagparagan mu jīp. Drive the jeep slower. sarap1 (Tag.) n. Delicious taste, savoriness. Way sarap sin kakaun ini. This food has no delicious taste (i.e., is not tasty).    adj. masarap Delicious, savory, tasty. Masarap in lamay namuꞌ kabii. We had a delicious viand last night.    v. ST pat mag-, -um-. (For food) to become tasty. Pasarapun ku in paglutuꞌ bat mataud in makaun mu. I’ll make the food tasty so you’ll eat plenty. OV SYN. lanab 1 sarap2 n. A guess (as in taking an examination).    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To guess. Ayaw kaw magsarap bang mu diꞌ kaingatan. Don’t guess if you don’t know (the answer). Cf. tukud sarat (Ar.) n. A token, mark, indication. Itum in sarat sin pagsusa. Black is a token of mourning. Tabuka in būk ini sarat sin pagsukul ku. Receive this book as a token of my gratitude. Yari in panyuꞌ sarat sin

pagbagay natuꞌ. Here is a handkerchief as a token of our friendship. Magnayk hadjiꞌ hambuuk yan sarat sin Islam na kaw. To go on a pilgrimage is one indication that you are already a Muslim. Cf. tandaꞌ sardang n. A name given to a palm with large fan leaves, the buri-palm. Malingkat hinangun saruk pagꞌuuma in sardang. Buri-palm is nice for making into a farm hat. (See Appendix 5: Plants) sāri na (from sād + -i) v. [Contraction of pasāri na.] Never mind, don’t bother with, forget it, leave it alone, pay no heed, it’s OK. Sāri na bang siya diꞌ mari. Never mind if he doesn’t come. sariat (Ar.) n. Divine code or law as revealed to a prophet. Cf. saraꞌ 1 sarsila (var. of salsila) n A genealogy, genealogical story. sartaꞌ rel. Occurring at the same time. Awn diyungug ku nagsilawak sartaꞌ awn timbak. I heard someone shout at the same time as the shooting.    v. act mag-, -um-; pat -un. To occur simultaneously, do (something) at the same time (as something else). Nagsartaꞌ in datung hi Jubaira kay Zalmina ha iskul. Jubaira and Zalmina arrived at the same time at school. Sartaun natuꞌ in datung sin mayul ampa kitaniyu magmupārik. We’ll time our rioting with the arrival of the mayor. Cf. saꞌbu1 , sasang saruk n. A hat (generic), headgear. Diꞌ sumarang in saruk ha ū niya. The hat doesn’t fit him.    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un; ran -an. To wear a hat, put a hat on (someone). Kapiyaluhun sa kān bang kaw diꞌ magsaruk. You’ll get a sunstroke if you don’t wear a hat. Sarukun ku na in saruk baꞌgu binī ku. I’ll wear the hat I just bought. Sarukan ku in ū hi Indaꞌ. I’ll put a hat on girlie’s head. Cf. kuppiya, surban sarul n. An alloy (an admixture of something that debases a metal). Awn sarul sin bulawan ini. This gold has an alloy admixture.    v. CH 1 ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To alloy (gold) with another metal. Sarulun ta in dublun mu. Let’s alloy your gold coin with something else. Ayaw kaw magbī sin gallang siyasarul. Don’t buy a bracelet that’s been alloyed. saruun-duun adv. Immediately, at once, suddenly, right then. Saruun-duun da piyarā sin amaꞌ in sīn. The

father sent the money immediately. Cf. magtuy sasaat n. [Usu. preceeded by hangka-.] A very short period of time, moment of time. Hangka-sasaat da in lugay namuꞌ nagbissara. We were just talking for a moment of time. Hangka-sasaat da siya dugalan magtuy magdayaw in atay niya. She is angry for a very short time, then she is good again. sāsab v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To roam about, walk or stroll about; rove, ramble, go all over (either with or without a goal or purpose). Amuna in hinang mu magsāsab adlaw-adlaw. All you do is roam about every day. Nasāsab ku in Tiyanggi saꞌ way ta kaw kiyabaakan. I went all over Jolo town (looking for you) but I did not find you.    adj. masāsab Characterized by roaming around. Hangkan da piyalian in siki niya sabab masāsab tuud siya. His foot was cut because he was very fond of roaming around. OV SYN. kāmbuyan, kātay, *lunsul, *tāraꞌ sasad (var. of sadsad) v To feel for, find by groping, search for (someone). sasak n. A fence, rail (used as a boundary, protection or confinement, usu. made of light materials).    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To fence (a place) in or off. Sasakun ku in halaman ku. I’ll fence off my yard. Cf. ād, kural sasal v. CH 2 ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To work with (a metal), make (a metal) into (something). Mapanday siya magsasal bulawan. He is expert in working with gold. Sasalun ku in bulawan ini singsing. I’ll make this gold into a ring. Sasalan ku singsing hi Indaꞌ. I’ll make Inda a ring. Sasalun ku gantung liug in bulawan ini. I’ll use this gold in making a necklace.    n. mananasal A smith. Mananasal bulawan hi Bapaꞌ Aruyan. Uncle Aruyan is a goldsmith. sasalamatan (from CV rdp. + salamat + -an₁) n. A present, gift, reward, prize. Ubus niya nagkalang dīhilan siya sasalamatan sin mastal namuꞌ. After he sang he was given a reward by our teacher. Dihilan kaw sasalamatan bang kaw dumaug magkalang. You will be given a prize if you will win in the singing contest. Cf. baktiꞌ sasang adv. While. Sasang ku namamayguꞌ in karatung niya. He arrived while I was taking a bath. Cf. saꞌbu1 , bābā

sasapu (from CV rdp. + sapu) n. A broom. Hariin in sasapu bakas dī? Where is the broom that used to be here? Cf. kakās kās 1 sasat n. Seducement, disturbance, nuisance. Ayaw magad ha sasat sin saytan. Don’t submit to demonic seducement.    v. CH 1 ag mag-, mang-, -um-; pat -un. [If the pat is focused with ma-, the temptation is or was yielded to.] To disturb, seduce, distract the attention (of someone), tempt (someone). Ayaw aku sasata bang aku naghihinang. Don’t disturb me when I’m working. Sasata in jaga bat aku makapaguy. Distract the guard’s attention so that I can escape. Bang kulang in pagꞌīman ta, maluhay kita masasat. If our faith is lacking, we easily yield to temptation.    adj. makasasat Disturbing, being a nuisance, causing seducement or temptation. Makasasat sadja in manga bataꞌ ini. These children here are just being a nuisance. Cf. sasaw, saranti sasaw adj. Causing interruption, interference, disturbance. Sasaw in tau ini ha hinang ta. This man is causing disturbance in our work.    v. ag mag-, -um-, mang-; pat sasawn To interrupt, interfere with, upset, disturb (someone or the functioning, fulfillment or completion of something). Ayaw kaw magsasaw bang aku naghihinang. Don’t interrupt (me) when I’m working. Ayaw kaw sumasaw sin pikilan ku. Don’t upset my train of thought. Makasasaw ha hinang mu in asawa mu. Your wife causes disturbance in your work. Diꞌ kaw makapangadjiꞌ hatul sabab sasawn kaw sin anak mu. You can’t study well because your child disturbs you. Cf. hilu 2, lingug, sasat sasawk (from CV rdp. + sawk) 1 n. A scoop, dipper. Cf. gayung 2 n. A small fish net used to scoop fish, (fish) scoop. Hariin mu biyutang in sasawk istaꞌ? Where did you put the fish scoop? sassing n. Pinworm. Marayꞌ awn sassing sin bataꞌ ini. Magkatul sadja sin buliꞌ niya. Probably this child has pinworms. He keeps scratching his bottom.    v. ST pat -un. To become infected with pinworms. Ayaw papanayama in bataꞌ ha lummiꞌ bat diꞌ sassingun. Don’t let the child play in the dirt so it doesn’t get pinworms. Siyasassing in bataꞌ yan. That child has pinworms. Cf. kalug

sasukuꞌ pron. Whoever, each one who. Sasukuꞌ sin agad ha saytan pagmulkaan sin Tuhan. Whoever follows the demons will incur the wrath of God. SYN. hisiyu-siyu sāt n. Paint. Kumamdus in bāy bang awn sāt niya. A house becomes durable when it has paint. SYN. pinta satal 1 n. A tie through (something, with a button-like larger object on one or both ends to prevent the yarn, thong, etc. from coming back through the hole). Malingkat in satal sin tilam nabī ku. The tie through the mattress I bought is nicely done. v. ag mag-. To tie (something) through (in this manner, usu. a mattress, in many places, to keep the kapok filling in place). Maingat in apuꞌ ku magsatal tilam. My grandmother knows how to tie a mattress through. 2 v. A saddle-pad, pillow used in traditional saddles. sātan 1 n. The name of a wind that blows from the south. (See hangin for table.) 2 n. South. Huyup dayn ha sātan in hangin. The wind is blowing from the south. SYN. taksinaꞌ; Cf. subangan, maksinaꞌ, sadlupan *sadlup 2, masrik, magrib 3 satariya n. A soldier, veteran warrior.{A title in ancient historical legends of Sulu. A leader of a small group of trusted experienced warriors used as a stationary guard of the palace.} Marayaw tuud in kajaga sin astanaꞌ bang in nakuraꞌ duun hambuuk satariya. The palace will be well guarded if the leader is a veteran warrior. satiawan adj. {Rare} Trustworthy. Mahunit na kaw makalāg tau satiawan ha dunya ini bang sīn in pagbissarahan. You can hardly find a trustworthy person in this world as far as money is concerned. satruꞌ n. That which one is against or contrary to, an enemy, that which one is angry with, the object of (someone’s) extreme hatred and disgust, that which is abominable. Katān hinang mangiꞌ satruꞌ sin Tuhan. God is against all evil doing. Satruꞌ ku in iruꞌ. Dogs are my enemies. Cf. langgal saraꞌ comp. langgal2 satti n. Kabobs (pieces of meat dipped in a peppery sauce). In kakaun satti pagnganan, guwaꞌ dayn ha hulaꞌ Indunisiya. The food named kabobs comes from Indonesia. In masarap maghinang satti didtu ha

Tiyanggi Sūg. You can find the most delicious kabobs in the town of Jolo. sattuwa n. Beast, animal (non-domesticated). Ginisan in sattuwa ha lawm sin gulangan. There are many kinds of animals in the forest. SYN. binatang 1; Cf. hayup saub n. Cover, lid (as of a bottle, jar, box, trunk, or pot). Nakapakain in saub sin anglit? Where did the cover of the pan go to?    v. AR ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To cover (something with a lid). Saubi in manga pagkaun ha lamisahan. Cover the food on the table. SYN. lukub saula-ula (from ula-ula) adj. Pretentious (i.e., making claims, explicit or implicit, to some distinction, importance, dignity, or excellence).    v. ag unaffixed To act as if (something is the case). Saula-ula kaymu in lupaꞌ kiyapagbāyan namuꞌ. You act as if the ground we built a house on is yours.    v. ag magpa-. To pretend (to be someone important, rich or knowlegeable, to own something). Magpasaula-ula kaw huminang ha yan sin diꞌ kaw makaingat. You pretend to do that (work) when you don’t know how. Nagpasaula-ula siya magꞌagi kāmuꞌ sin bukun siya in nakuraꞌ. He pretended to order us about when he’s not the boss. Cf. bawꞌbawꞌ saumul adv. Endlessly, for always, forever. Bihān na kaw yan saumul? Are you going to stay that way forever?    adv. kasaumulan Forever. In lasa ku kaymu sampay kasaumulan. My love for you will last forever. OV SYN. salama-lama, sabuli-buli, tattap, kakkal saut v. ag mag-, -um-, maka-; aux/pat -un. (To do something) promptly or quickly. Sumaut aku sin panayam-nayam adlaw ini ha Tiyanggi. I’ll do things quickly (so I can catch up with) today’s festival in Jolo. Sautun ku kawaun in sīn didtu kaniya bābā yaun pa siya. I’ll get my money from him promptly while he’s still there. sāw1 v. ag mag-, -um-; goal -an. [Takes irregular affixes -hun and -han.] To do things together, share, eat together (esp. from one plate). Nagsāw sila nagkaun. They are eating together. Magsāw sila sin gunting. They will share the scissors. Pasawhun ta in bagay ta yan, walaꞌ siya nagdā lutuꞌ. Let’s let our friend there eat with us, he didn’t bring any food. Sawhan natuꞌ sila sabab mataud pagkaun

tiyagama nila. Let’s eat with them because they have prepared lots of food. sāw2 n. An anchor.    v. ag mag-; pat -un; ran -an. To anchor (a boat), cast an anchor. Sāwi na in bangkaꞌ. Anchor the boat. Siyasāwan na. It is already anchored. OV SYN. bahudjiꞌ sāw-duruꞌ adj. (Of two people who are not siblings) having nursed from the same woman.{A baby who nurses from a woman not its own mother is considered to be a brother or sister of the woman’s real children. This relationship is quite binding.} In bataꞌ sāw-duruꞌ biyaꞌ da magtaymanghud. Children who have nursed from the same woman are like real siblings.    v. ag mag-. (For two children who are not siblings) to nurse from the same woman. In bataꞌ nakapagsāw-duruꞌ di makajari magtiyaun. Children who have nursed from the same woman cannot get married. sawa n. Brightness, clearness (as of water), presence of light. Diꞌ aku makatūg bang bihān in sawa sin palitaan. If the lamp is this bright I won’t be able to sleep.    adj. masawa Clear, bright. Masawa in tubig ha kuppung ini. The water in this well is clear.    v. ST pat mag-, -um-. To become clear, bright. Subay sumawa in hulaꞌ ampa lumupad in ariplanu. The airplane won’t take off until the weather becomes clear. Pasawaha in aymuka mu. Make your countenance bright. Cf. siꞌnag 1, silaw sawaliꞌ n. Split bamboo woven into sheets (used for walling).{Made from kayawan and lahiꞌ types of bamboo.} OV SYN. saydsid sawan1 n. A cup (usu. made of glass). Tuwangan pa sawan in kahawa. Pour the coffee into the cups. Cf. tasa sawan2 n. Convulsions. Awn bataꞌ magkamatay sin sakit sawan. There are children who die of convulsions.    v. ST pat -un. To be affected by a convulsion. Sawanun in bataꞌ bang makalanduꞌ in pasuꞌ niya. A child will go into convulsions if its fever goes too high. sawasaꞌ n. Copper. Mahalgaꞌ na in sawasaꞌ bihaun. Copper is expensive now. Cf. tumbaga

saway n. A spell resulting in sickness (caused by a dead person speaking about or commenting on a living relative).{The sickness is cured by having a curer offer a special kind of prayer to the dead person believed to have caused the sickness, usu. by visiting the grave, bringing food, and burning incense to appease the dead person.}    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. (For a dead person) to speak about or comment on (a living person, esp. a close relative). Marayꞌ yan siyaway sin amaꞌ niya, hangkan nasakit in bataꞌ yan. Perhaps his late father spoke of him, that’s why that child is sick. SYN. sagda; Cf. abat 1, labhaꞌ, hantu *saway v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To chide, correct (someone so as to rectify a fault). Sawaya aku bang diꞌ kumugdan in hinang ku. Correct me if I’m not doing right. sawbang n. A fish-spear with bamboo points. OV SYN. sāpang sawd n. A section of bamboo for holding water, short receptacle used for fetching water (esp. on a cow’s back).    n. sawd-sawd A smaller shorter bamboo receptacle used for fetching water by children, well dipper. Cf. dagtung    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un; ran/inst pag-…-an. To collect (liquid in a container). Sumawd sila kunuꞌ tubig pansul inumun. They say they are going to collect water from the faucet to drink. Hisiyu in nagsawd sin tubig ini? Who collected this water? Sawrun ku pa in tubig nagtūꞌ. I’ll collect the dripping water. Siyawd niya in ulan kahapun. He collected the rain yesterday. Awn undam pagsawran namuꞌ sin sabaw lahing. We had a basin for collecting coconut milk in.    n. panawd Any container or reservoir used for collecting and storing rain water. Cf. sawk sawd-sawd n. A kind of confection (cooked in a small piece of bamboo that looks like a bamboo receptacle for holding a liquid). sawk v. AQ ag/goal mag-, -um-; pat -un. To scoop (something), draw up (water) from a well or spring, fetch (water). Kadtu kaw sawk tubig pa kuppung. Go and fetch water from the well. Sawkun ku in tubig muna ampa aku magdakdak. I’ll draw the water first and then wash the clothes.    n. sasawk A scoop.    n. magsasawk tubig A water hawker.

sawkat (var. sakawkat) adv. Just because. Sawkat na bukun kaymu diꞌ na kaw kumaun. Just because it is not yours you don’t eat it. Sawkat na kaw dī ha hulaꞌ mu maisug na kaw. You’re brave just because you are here in your place. Sawkat na siya dayahan diꞌ na siya magꞌaddat ha tau. Just because he is rich he doesn’t respect people any more. Cf. sabab, pasal1 sawm n. Underpart, bottom side, under, beneath. Malanuꞌ in sawm bāy nila. The underpart of their house is clean. Tawꞌan ha sawm lamisahan. Keep it under the table. Cf. babaꞌ 1 *sawmbibi adj. masawmbibi Amiable, friendly, good-natured. In tau masawmbibi mataud bagay niya. An amiable person has a lot of friends. Cf. maasip *asip sawnay n. An indigenous wind instrument (like a flute). Nabaliꞌ in sawnay niya. His flute is broken.    v. ag mag-, -um-. To play such a musical instrument. Maingat tuud magsawnay hi Aliꞌ. Aliꞌ really knows how to play the flute. Cf. suling sawnuꞌ adv. Right away, immediately, without delay, at once. Subay sawnuꞌ ubatan in sakit niya. Her illness must be treated immediately.    v. CH 1 aux mag-, -um-, -un. (To do something) immediately, right away, without delay, at once. Sawnua adjala in istaꞌ bābā bukun pa haluꞌ. Cook the fish at once while it’s not yet rotten. Walaꞌ nasawnuꞌ in pagparā mu sin sīn. You didn’t send the money at once.    v. CV 1 pat hipa-. To give over (to someone else) for immediate handling. Subay hipasawnuꞌ pa huspital in bataꞌ-bataꞌ masangat. The seriously ill child must be admitted to the hospital for immediate care. Cf. magtuy, saruun-duun sawpama (from upama) rel. As an example, by way of illustration, for instance. Bang sawpama diꞌ siya mari, magꞌunu na kaw? If for instance she doesn’t come, what will you do?    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To cite (something) as an example, illustrate (something). Ikaw na in magsawpama kanila sin hinangun nila. You be the one to illustrate to them what they’ll do. Hikapagsawpama ta in kasigpitan kiyalabayan mu. We’ll cite as an example the difficulties that you’ve experienced. Cf. upamakun, dalil, hantang, ibārat sawragal n. The title of a character in oral literature who is a leader in a community, a merchant. Awn tau

naggulal ha nakuraꞌ nila sawragal. There are people who entitle their leader sawragal. sawrung n. A roofed unwalled part of a house, porch. Awn sawrung sin bāy nila, marayaw pagmitingmitingan. They have a porch on their house, its nice to have conversation there. sawwal n. Loose-fitting pajama-like trousers (worn by both men and women). Hindui magꞌampiꞌ sawwal in Milikan yan. Show that American how to fold his loose-fitting trousers around the waist.    v. ag mag-, -um-; ran/ben -an. To wear such trousers, put such trousers on (someone). Diꞌ mabayaꞌ magsawwal tiyutupakan in bataꞌ ini. This child doesn’t want to wear patched loose-fitting trousers.    v. pat -un. To use (something) as such trousers. Cf. pantalun Sawwal (var. Shawwal) n. The tenth month of the Muslim calendar, having 29 days. (See bulan for table.) sayantis (Eng.) n. A scientist. Dayn ha ingat sin manga sayantis nakaabut na in mānusiyaꞌ pa bulan. From the knowledge of scientists people have reached the moon. *sayang v. ag mag-, -um-; pat hi-. To raise (one’s hand or something held in the hand). Sayangan in lima mu bang kaw mabayaꞌ magad. Raise your hand if you want to go. OV SYN. *angkat, buhat 1; Cf. *sintak sāyang (Tag.) intj. (An expression of regret that something has been wasted or an opportunity missed) too bad. Sāyang, walaꞌ aku nakarā sīn. Too bad, I didn’t bring any money. Cf. kawgun, luppas saydsid (var. sidsid) n. Split bamboo or rattan woven into sheets (used for walling and matting). OV SYN. sawaliꞌ sayinggawa n. A snare.    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To make a snare, snare (something). Bang kita magsayinggawa subay awn manga lubid, bannang, atawa lupis. If we are going to make a snare we need twine, string, or strands of hemp. Ayaw mu na sayinggawaha in manuk yan. Don’t snare that chicken. saykukuwak n. White-breasted water hen. In saykukuwak matagi magpayguꞌ ha tubig. The whitebreasted water hen is fond of bathing in the water. (See Appendix 1: Birds and Flying Insects) *saylu vt. pat -un. To interchange (two or more things). Sayluhun natuꞌ in basu piyagꞌiinuman nila. Let’s

interchange their drinking glasses.    vt. AR ran -an. To exchange (something for something else). Sayluhan ku in tawmpaꞌ baꞌgu binī ku, sabab masigpit ha siki ku. I’ll exchange the shoes I just bought because they’re tight on my feet. Sayluhi ini madtu sin pula. Exchange this for that red one.    vi. act -um-, mag-. To become interchanged or switched. Nakapagsaylu in bulpin ta. Our pens became switched. Nagsaylu in kapatus namuꞌ. Our shoes have become interchanged. Cf. sambiꞌ, gantiꞌ, *saliyu saymbugut n. A dried loop of abaca fiber (used around the feet as an aid for climbing coconut trees). Dāha in saymbugut ini bang kaw dumāg niyug. Bring this dried abaca fiber loop when you climb coconut trees. sayng 1 n. The banana plant. Musa spp. (See Appendix 5: Plants) 2 n. Banana (the fruit). In sayng bang amanun landuꞌ marayaw. If bananas are boiled they are very delicious. In sayng tudluꞌ mahabaꞌ dayn sin ginisan sin sayng ha Sūg. The forefinger banana is longer than the other kinds of bananas in Sulu. sayngsing n. The production of branches or shoots. Kitaun ta bang marayaw da in sayngsing sin sayng. Let’s see if the production of shoots of the banana tree is good (i.e. if there are plenty of shoots).    v. ag mag-, -um-. (For a plant) to produce many shoots or branches. Bang magsayngsing na in tubu subay natuꞌ na yan pilaun in puunan. When the sugar cane produces many shoots we should cut down its stalk.    adj. masayngsing Abundant in branches or shoots. Masayngsing in kahuy yaun. That tree is abundant in branches. saypantuhug n. Indian snowberry (a medicinal tree). (See Appendix 5: Plants) *saypuwa v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un; ran -an. [No difference in meaning betweeen -un and -an.] To compute (something) with an abacus. Saypuwahun da sān sin Lannang bang pila in hibayad mu. The Chinese will compute with an abacus how much you are going to pay. Cf. itung 1, *bista sayrap n. Matting woven from coconut leaves (esp. used for roof or walls of houses in the rural areas). Sayrap in atup sin bāy namuꞌ. The roof of our house is coconut-leaf matting. Cf. kadjang (See niyug

for table.) sayrulla n. A residence certificate (proof of payment of residence tax). Subay awn pattaꞌ bang kaw magbayad sayrulla. You have to have a picture when you pay for your residence certificate. Cf. buwis saysig n. Movement in any direction.    v. ag mag-; ran -an. To move in different directions. In manuk usug saysig pa tuu pa lawa bang makakitaꞌ atu niya. The rooster moves from right to left and vice-versa when it sees its opponent. SYN. hibal, malinsa *linsa *sayt (Eng.) v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To bring (something) into the sights of a rifle, aim at (something). Sayta siya dayn ha buliꞌ kahuy yan. Aim at him from under that tree. SYN. kital saytan 1 n. An evil spirit, demonic being. Nasasat siya sin saytan. He was seduced by an evil spirit. Siyūd sin saytan in tau yan. That person is possessed by an evil spirit. v. pat -un. To be possessed by evil spirits, act in a fiendish manner, be haunted by an evil spirit. Saytanun sa yan bang niya kaingatan biyunuꞌ in taymanghud niya. He will become fiendish if he knows that his brother was murdered. adj. masaytan Haunted by evil spirits. Masaytan in bāy bang way tau niya. The house will be haunted by evil spirits if there is no one living there. Cf.: lutaw, balbalan. 2 n. (cap.) In the Holy Koran, the power of evil that tempted man from a higher to lower state; Satan.{His name has the root idea of perversity and enmity.} Nasasat sin Saytan hi Apuꞌ Hawa. Grandmother Eve was tempted by Satan. Cf. Ibilis sayu adj. Conscious, aware. Bukun siya sayu sin hīhinang niya. She is not aware of what she’s doing.    v. ST pat mag-, -um-. To be or become conscious; be or become aware (of something). In tau piyunung masi walaꞌ nakasayu. The man that fainted is still unconscious. Pasayuhun ta kaw sin maana sin bichara niya. I’ll clarify to you the meaning of what he said. Cf. hāti sayul n. A vegetable. Diꞌ kumaun sayul in manga bataꞌ. Children don’t eat vegetables.    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To use or cook (something) as a vegetable. Magsayul aku kangkung adlaw ini. I’ll use that kangkong as a vegetable today.

sayuman adj. Capable of remaining silent and uncomplaining (esp. of a child, even though he’s sick, hungry, angry, tired, sleepy, etc.). Kaingatan mu sadja in bataꞌ sayuman awn nanamun bang siya mamuras. You can only detect an uncomplaining child having an ache or an abnormal feeling when he turns pale. sāyung n. The projecting front brim of a cap (used for shading the eyes from the sun), visor. Bī kaw saruk amu in awn sāyung niya. Buy a hat, the kind with a visor. Shafar (var. of Sappal) n The second month of the Muslim calendar. sī n. A sheikh, a title given to some of the early Arab missionaries and their descendants. Bang kita maghadjiꞌ subay awn agaran sī. If we make a pilgrimage we should have a sheikh to go with us. siꞌdik1 v. act mag-, -um-. To slant, slope, incline. Simiꞌdik in baran niya sabab sin diyarā niya mabuggat. His body slants due to the heavy load he is carrying. siꞌdik2 (var. of siddik) v To believe completely. siꞌgub vi. ST pat -un. To burp or belch. Biyaꞌ aku sūng siꞌgubun pasal sin kansub ku. It’s like I’m about to burp because I’m so full.    vt. CV 1 ag mag-; pat hi-. To expel (air from the stomach), burp (something) up. Siꞌguban in hangin ha lawm tiyan mu bat diꞌ sumakit. Burp up the air from your stomach so that you won’t be sick. siꞌlut (var. silut) v. ag mag-, -um-; goal -an. To squeeze through, force a way through a crowd, squeeze in (between people or things, as in finding a seat on a passenger jeep). Siꞌlut kaw madtu bat kaw makabī bugas. Squeeze through so you can buy rice. Kitaa bang kaw makasiꞌlut ha buliꞌ sin jīp. See if you can squeeze in at the rear of the jeep. OV SYN. litlit; Cf. siplit siꞌnag (var. sinag) 1 n. Brightness, glory, radiance. Way na makaliyu dayn sin siꞌnag sin suga. There is nothing that can compare with the brightness of the sun. v. act -um-, mag-. To become bright, shine. Subay na sumiꞌnag in suga ampa natuꞌ hilanjal in panaw natuꞌ. When the sun becomes bright then we will proceed with our journey. adj. masiꞌnag Bright, radiant, shiny (as of heavenly bodies, fire, or lightning). Masiꞌnag tuud in

palitaan yan. That lamp is very bright. Cf.: silaw, sawa, *inggat, idlap, singlab, silak, sahaya. 2 n. rdp. A thin, light stick of pyrotechnic material which burns with a bright spark, sparkler. v. rdp. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To light sparklers. Magsiꞌnag-siꞌnag in manga bataꞌ bang marayꞌ na haylaya. The children light sparklers when it’s almost the time of the festival. siꞌpun (var. of sippun) n Nose mucous. sīb 1 v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To peep, peek; look in on (something) briefly. Sīb kaw dayn ha tandawan. Peep through the window. Sība bang siya yan ha lawm bilik. Take a peek in her room (and see) if she’s there. Cf. atud 2 v. ran ka-…-an. To find out through observation (some negative or undesirable aspects of someone’s character). Kiyasīban ku sin panipu in tau yan. I’ve found out through observation that that man is deceitful. sibahat v. ag mag-; pat -un. To mention, hint, name (something). Nagsibahat siya sin gastu niya. He mentioned his expenses. Pagsibahatun sin manga tau in hinang marayaw nahinang sin manga tau miyatay na. People usually mention the good deeds done by those who are already dead. Nasibahat niya in ngān mu kāina. He mentioned your name a while ago. In kapanyapan sībahat niya bukun kākuꞌ. The things that he mentioned are not mine. OV SYN. sabbut sibay n. An extension (of a house). Asibiꞌ in bāy ini subay hinangan sibay. The house is small; we have to build an extension. sibiꞌ-sibiꞌ (from asibiꞌ) adj. Small. In babai biyaytaꞌ ku kaymu sibiꞌ-sibiꞌ da in baran. The woman I told you about has a small body (i.e., is petite). OV SYN. nikiꞌ-nikiꞌ, anak-anak sibilyan (Eng.) n. An ordinary person (as opposed to a person who is a member of a special group, as a civilian as opposed to a soldier or a rebel, or someone who is not a government employee). sibit n. A claw (of a crab, etc.). In sibit sin kagang bang makasibit masakit. If a crab clutches with his claw it hurts.    v. CH 1 ag mag-, -um-, mang-; pat -un. To clutch (with or as with a claw). Kamayaꞌ kaw. Masibit kaw sin kagang. Be careful. You might be clutched by the crab.

sibuꞌ adj. Same, equal, alike, identical. Sibuꞌ in dagbus nila. They look identical. Sibuꞌ in badjuꞌ nila. Their dresses are alike.    vi. act mag-, -um-. To be alike or equal, be like (something). Diꞌ magsibuꞌ in pagdā niya ha manga dayahan iban miskin. His treatment of the rich and the poor is unequal. Pagtuyuꞌ kaw bang kaw mabayaꞌ sumibuꞌ kaniya. Work hard if you want to be like her. Papagsibua in dagbus sin badjuꞌ nila. Make their dresses alike.    vt. ran -an. To copy, imitate, or equal (something). Diꞌ kasibuan in dayaw sin hinangan niya. (No one) can equal the good quality of her work. OV SYN. saliꞌ sibug v. CV 1 ag mag-, -um-; pat hi-; ran ka-…-an. To move a short distance, move (something) a short distance. Sibug kaw bat siya makalingkud. Move a little so she can sit. Sibugan in bangkuꞌ mu. Move your bench over. Cf. simay sibuyas 1 n. The onion plant. Allium cepa (See Appendix 5: Plants) 2 n. An onion. Pagkīluhun in sibuyas ha tabuꞌ. Onions are weighed by the kilo at the market. siddik (var. siꞌdik2) v. ag mag-, -um-; ran pag-…-an. To believe completely or firmly in (something). Magsiddik aku sin siya putingan. I completely believe that he is a liar. Magsiddik na kaw kākuꞌ? Do you now believe firmly in me? Pagsiddikan ku na in ingat sin tau taga pangadjiꞌ. I firmly believe in the skills of a person with education. siddip n. An ancient money value. sidsid (var. of saydsid) n Split bamboo or rattan woven into sheets (used for walling). siga n. A cigarette. Dāha in manga siga ini pa tinda. Take these cigarettes to the store.    v. CH 1 ag mag-, -um-; pat -un; ran -an. To smoke (a cigarette). Unu in sigahun mu bang kaw ubus kumaun? What do you smoke when you finish eating? Sigahun ku na minsan pasaw na in siga ini. I’ll smoke this cigarette even though it’s stale. Sigahan ta ampa kita diꞌ karuun. Let’s smoke so we won’t get sleepy.    n. paniniga A chain smoker. In inaꞌ ku paniniga tuud. My mother is really a chain smoker. sigaꞌ intj. (An exclamation used in driving away animals) go away! get out! Sigaꞌ, kuting! Go away, cat!

   v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To drive away (animals). Sigaa in manga kambing ha halaman ta. Drive away the goats from our yard. Cf. bugaw1 1 sigay v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. [short for pasigayun]. To move a little, move aside, push one’s way through a crowd. Sumigay aku pa unahan mu tiyuꞌ-tiyuꞌ. I’ll move to your front a little. Sigay ba kaw matun masigpit tuud yan. Will you move a little there, its very crowded. Sigay kaw dayn hayan wayruun da lamud mu. You move away from there, anyway you have no business there. Sigay naa kaw aku isab in sumubli. Move a little, I have to take over also. Piyasigay sin pulis in manga tau ha giꞌtung dān. The police drove away the people who were in the middle of the road. OV SYN. sibug, īg sigi-sigi adv. Going on in rapid succession, happening over and over again, repeated often, continually. Sigi-sigi in pagtimbak. There’s a continual shooting. Sigi-sigi in pagpangayuꞌ niya sīn. She continually asks for money. Cf. daran, mawmu siglaꞌ (var. sidlaꞌ) v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To hasten, hurry, speed up; do something quickly, speedily, promptly. Siglaꞌ kaw bat kita diꞌ hikabīn. Hurry up so we won’t be left behind. Siglaun ta in hinang ta ampa kita makauwiꞌ muna. Let’s speed up our work so that we can go home first.    adj./adv. masiglaꞌ Prompt(ly), quick(ly). Masiglaꞌ siya umingat sin hinang. She’s quick to learn the work. OV SYN. amut; Cf. samut, biskay, sapat sigpang (var. of suliꞌpang) n An intersection, confluence. sigpit 1 n. Tightness (as of clothing or shoes). Bang bihān in sigpit sin badjuꞌ yan, diꞌ sumarang kaniya. If such is the tightness of that dress (i.e., If that dress is that tight), it won’t fit her. v. ST pat -um-, mag-. (For clothing or shoes) to become tight, (for people) to be or become crowded. Simigpit in badjuꞌ ini kākuꞌ. This dress has become tight for me. Magsigpit na in manga tau ha lawm jīp bang ganapan in pasahiru. The people will be crowded in the jeep if any more passengers get in. adj. masigpit (Of clothing or shoes) tight. Masigpit in tawmpaꞌ yan kākuꞌ. Those shoes are tight for me. 2 n. Difficulty, hardship. Siyandalan niya minsan unu in sigpit sin pagꞌiskul ha supaya siya makatalus. He endured whatever difficulty arose in his schooling in order to finish. vi. ST pat mag-, -um-. (For earning a living, one’s situation) to become difficult, (for people) to get in

difficulty, (for one’s mind) to get in a dilemma. Sumigpit in kabuhianan niyu bang kaw maīg dayn ha hinang. Your living will become difficult if you leave your job. Bang way sīn mu, sumigpit in pamikil mu. If you don’t have money, your mind gets in a dilemma. vt. ran -an. To tighten (something, fig.); make (something) difficult (for someone). Sigpitan ku na in pagdihil balanjaꞌ pa magꞌuuma. I’ll tighten up the giving of expense money to the farmers (i.e., give them less). n. kasigpitan A difficult situation, difficult circumstances. Bang kaw ha lawm kasigpitan, pangayuꞌ kaw tabang ha Tuhan. If you’re in a difficult situation, ask for God’s help. adj. masigpit In difficulty, hard pressed, perplexed, in a dilemma, at one’s wit’s end; (of earning a living) difficult. Masigpit in pamikil ku pasal sin parakalaꞌ yan. I’m at my wit’s end over that problem. Masigpit in pagꞌusaha bihaun. Business is difficult nowadays. Cf.: hunit 1. sigput v. ag mag-, -um-; non-agent -an. To jump back (to safety). Sigput kaw dayn ha yan makutkut kaw sin lahipan. You jump back from there or else you will be bitten by the centipede. Nagsigput in manga tau paglabay sin tangki. The people jumped back when the tank passed by. Subay ta sigputan dayn dī supaya kita diꞌ kakitaan. We should jump back from here so we won’t be seen. Piyasigput ku in manga bagay ku pagdatung sin kuntara. I told my friends to jump for safety when the enemy came. Nagsigputan in manga tau pagdungug nila sin timbak. The people jumped for safety when they heard the gunshot. OV SYN. *tangkis 1 *sihaꞌ v. ag -um-. To diverge from, deviate, depart (from a certain path, practice, custom or tradition, viewpoint, etc.). Simihaꞌ siya dayn ha kiyapagꞌisunan sin parhimpunan nila. He departed from that which had been agreed upon by their organization.    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To move or drive (something away). Subay sihaun in baanan sapiꞌ pa taas būd. The herd of cows should be driven to the top of the hill.    vi. pat ma-. To move or be moved away (from a place), be scattered. Nasihaꞌ in manga tau ha lawm tabuꞌ sabab awn miyatay natimbak. The people in the market were scattered because someone was shot and killed. Cf. butas, kandī *sihil v. ag mag-, -um-; goal -an. (For the representative [or rarely, the parents] of a young man) to make a proposal of marriage (to the parents of a prospective bride).{The first stage in pagpangasawa.}

Nagsihil in manga tau maas pa bāy sin babai amu in kabayaan asawahun sin nagdaak kanila. The elders went to the house of the girl whom the one who sent them wants to marry to make a proposal of marriage. Piyasihilan hi Ambran kabii. Ambran received a proposal for marriage last night. (Someone came to ask whether Ambran could be given to them in marriage [a proposal request]). *sihud v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To move (something) with one’s foot, kick (something). Sihura ba pa higad in labban yan. Please move that carton with your feet to the side. Nagsihud hadja in manga bataꞌ nagkālu. The children were kicking as they fought. Sihurun ku in bangkuꞌ ini bang aku dugalan. I’ll kick this chair if I get angry. sikad v. CV 1 ag mag-, -um-; pat hi-; ran ka-…-an. To stretch out the legs (in reclining or relaxing). Sikaran in siki mu bat marayaw parasahan mu. Stretch out your legs so you’ll feel more comfortable. Cf. *hutad, hunat sikān (from siki + -an₁) n. The direction or place where the feet are placed while lying down, foot (of a bed or mat). In sikān sin kulangan niya siyanam. The foot of his bed is full of ants. ANT. ūhan derv. ū siki 1 n. Foot. (See Appendix 6: The Parts of the Body) v. TV ag mag-; pat -un. To walk, go by foot, hike. Magsiki sadja aku pa Parang. I’ll just walk to Parang. Sikihun ku hadja dayn ha Tiyanggi pa Taglibi. I’ll hike from Jolo to Taglibi. 2 n. A foot (the measurement; either the standard foot or the length of a person’s foot). (See sukud1 for table.) siki itik n. A confection made from pounded rice, melted eggs, and white sugar, cooked in an open cave that has fire on top of and under the cover. Hangkan in bangbang ini ngiyanan siki itik sabab in lupa niya biyaꞌ siki itik. The reason why this biscuit is called foot of a duck because the shape is like the foot of a duck. (See Appendix 7: Kinds of Confections Served at Special Occasions) *sikmuꞌ v. CH 1 ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To nudge (someone with the elbow). Sikmua bat kaw asipun. Nudge him so you’ll get his attention. siksaꞌ (var. tiksaꞌ) n. Severe punishment.    vt. CH 1 ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To punish (someone) severely (either physically or mentally; primarily

of God, but also used of people). Siksaun kamu bang kamu diꞌ mamaytaꞌ sin bunnal. You’ll be punished severely if you don’t tell the truth.    vi. pat ma-. To go through some great difficulty, suffering, or anguish. Nasiksaꞌ sila sin timpu bunuꞌ. They suffered greatly during the war.    n. kasiksaan Punishment, great difficulty or suffering, anguish. Bang kita ampunun sin Tuhan lappas kita dayn ha kasiksaan. If we are forgiven by God we are saved from punishment. Cf. binasa, binsanaꞌ siku n. Elbow. In pali-palihan sin kamaasan bang awn hipagdihil ta ha tau ampa ta kāun magbalik makahaluꞌ siku. The belief of the old people is that if one gives something to someone and then takes it back, his elbow will rot. (See Appendix 6: The Parts of the Body) sikuꞌ n. A curve in the road. Agak-agak kaw magparāgan ha sikuꞌ sin dān. Drive slowly at the curve in the road.    n. sikuꞌ-sikuꞌ The wavy edge (of a kris). Landuꞌ in dayaw sin kahinang sin sikuꞌ-sikuꞌ sin kalis ini. The wavy edge of this kris is well done. sikup v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To encircle (fish with a net). Sīkup nila sin pukut in baanan istaꞌ. They encircled the school of fish with a net. OV SYN. likus 1 *sikut v. pat pa-…-un. To put or make (things) closer together (in distance). Ayaw pasikuta in pagbutang sin manga tambuku. Don’t put the buttons closer together. Piyasikut in pagbutang sin manga lambang sin hagdan. The placing of the rungs of the ladder was made closer together.    adv. masikut (Of objects in a row) close together, (of pregnancies) at close intervals. Masikut in pagbutang sin manga bulaꞌ sin taytayan yan. The placing of the split bamboo of that footbridge is close together. Masikut siya magꞌanak. She gives birth at close intervals. ANT. lahang, lawak; Cf. suuk, kiput sila pron. (Third person pl. topic pronoun) they, them, to them. Sila in manga bagay ku. They are my friends. Bagayun ku sila. I’ll make them my friends. Kiyarihilan na sila bangbang. Cookies have already been given to them. *silahag vi. ST pat ma-, magka-. (For people or animals) to be scattered or dispersed. Nasilahag in manga

bataꞌ nagdāgan pagkitaꞌ nila ha tau nahihilu. The children were scattered at a run when they saw the drunk man. Nagkasilahag in tau nagpaguy amu in waktu pagbunuꞌ. The people who fled at the time of the fighting are scattered.    vt. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To scatter or disperse (people or animals). Subay silahagun naa in manga tau ampa kita makalabay. We have to disperse the people first, then we can pass through. SYN. kanat; Cf. puhag, pulak-palik silak n. Rays (of light which give off heat, primarily of sunlight). Kiyapasuan aku sin silak sin suga. I was made hot by the rays of the sun.    adj. masilak Shining with an uncomfortably bright light, (of a color) very bright.    v. act mag-, -um-; ran ka-…-an. To shine or be shined upon. Sumilak in suga bang mahinaat. The sun begins to shine in the morning. Marayaw bang in tiyanum kasilakan sin suga. It’s good if the sun can shine on the plants. Cf. singlab, siꞌnag 1, silaw, sawa, *inggat, idlap silang v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To distinguish, discern. Silanga in mangiꞌ iban marayaw. Discern what is right and what is wrong. Diꞌ ku masilang in dagbus sin kambal. I can’t distinguish the faces of the twins. Cf. *pinig, pīꞌ 1, kilā 1.1 silaw n. Brightness, brilliance (as of sunlight or other light that gives forth intense brightness). Nakalanduꞌ in silaw sin palitaan yan. The brilliance of that light is just too much.    v. ST pat -um-. To become very bright or brilliant. Sumilaw in siꞌnag sin suga bang kumugdan pa dagat. The radiance of the sun becomes very bright when it hits the sea.    adj. masilaw Very bright, brilliant. Masilaw in suga. The sun is bright. OV SYN. siꞌnag 1; Cf. sawa silawak n. A loud, sharp, piercing cry or sound (as of a person in terror or pain); scream. Diyungug mu in silawak sin bataꞌ-bataꞌ? Did you hear the child’s scream?    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat hi-; goal -an. To scream, shriek. Silawak kaw bang awn kakitaan mu tau mari. Scream if you see anyone coming. Silawaki siya bat niya kaw karungugan. Scream at him so he’ll hear you. Cf. *ulak, ulang, gasud, tulik silbātu n. A horn (of a jeep, etc.). Uy, matanug in silbātu niya. His horn is very loud. Cf. pītu siliꞌ n. A metal container for boiling water, kettle. Pagpasuꞌ kaw tubig ha siliꞌ. Boil water in the kettle.

siliꞌ garing n. A kind of kettle with an ivory handle (more common in olden days). In siliꞌ garing mawmu pagbutangan kahawa mapasuꞌ. The kettle with ivory handle is usually used as a container for hot coffee. silikan n. A wheel or tire (of any vehicle). Miyustak in silikan sin jīp. The tire of the jeep blew out. silug adj. {Rare} Much, plenty, in abundance (also masilug). Silug in duguꞌ gimuwaꞌ kaniya. There was much blood that came out of her. Masilug in manggis ha tabuꞌ. Mangosteens are in abundance in the market. silung v. ag mag-, -um-; pat hi-. To seek shelter or shade, shelter (something). Silung kaw bat kaw diꞌ mabasaꞌ sin ulan. You seek shelter so you won’t get wet. Hisilung ku in tahay bat diꞌ kaulanan. I’ll put the dried fish under shelter so it won’t be rained on.    n. silungan/pagsilungan Shelter, shade (of protection from rain or the heat of the sun). Minsan biyutang ha pagsilungan in manga diyakdakan kiyaulanan da. Though the washing was put in shelter it got rained on anyway. Cf. sindung silut (var. of siꞌlut) v To squeeze through. simay v. ag mag-, -um-; pat hi-; ran ka-…-an. To move aside, give way, push (something) aside. Simay kamu! Yan na in manga luruk. Move aside! Here are the guests. Simayan in lamisahan asibiꞌ pa dugu yaun. Push aside the small table to that corner.    n. simayan A place to move aside to. Cf. īg, sibug simba n. Worship, homage (of Christian worship). In bisayaꞌ dugaing in pagsimba nila. The Catholics have a different way of worship.    n. simbahan A Christian church.    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. (For Christians) to worship. Magsimba sila ha simbahan. They worship at the church. OV SYN. sumba 1, *pudji simbug v. AR ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To add a smaller quantity (of liquid to a bigger quantity). Simbugi tubig haggut in tubig mapasuꞌ. Add a little cold water to the hot water. Cf. lamugay 1, lamud 1

simbul n. Crowdedness, lack of spaciousness. Mahunit kita makalabay bang bihaini in simbul sin labayan. It’s hard to pass by when the road is crowded like this.    v. ST pat -um-. To become crowded, disorderly, not spacious. Sumimbul in dān bang mu hibutang in manga batu yan dī. The road will become crowded if you put those rocks here.    vt. ag mag-; ran -an. To crowd (a place). Simbulan natuꞌ in dān supaya diꞌ magpakusug magparāgan in manga sasakatan. Let’s crowd the road so that the vehicles won’t travel fast.    adj. masimbul Crowded, disorderly. Diꞌ aku mabayaꞌ matūg ha bilik masimbul. I don’t want to sleep in a crowded room. Cf. kiput simpāk v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. (For people) to separate, withdraw (from one another), go off in opposite directions; (for a road) to fork. Nagsimpāk kami didtu ha suliꞌpang. We went off in opposite directions at the intersection. Subay simpākun in duwa magbagay yan, landuꞌ in kajahulakaan. Those two friends should be separated because they are really cruel. Cf. butas simpal (var. of jimpal) v To excite fighting cocks by holding them in front of each other. simpan n. A game similar to jacks (objects are placed on the back of the hand then tossed into the air and caught with the palm).    v. ag mag-. To play this game. Masūb in manga bataꞌ babai magsimpan. The little girls are fond of playing jacks. simpiꞌ n. An earthen pan (esp. used for cooking cassava). In simpiꞌ marayaw pagsanglagan panggiꞌ. An earthenware frying pan is good for toasting cassava. Cf. kahaꞌ *simpul v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To rebuke or reprimand (someone so as to rectify faults and to instill propriety and obedience), discipline (someone). Subay mu simpulun in anak mu sin hinang niya mangiꞌ. You should reprimand your child for her wrongdoing. Cf. hinduꞌ, amā simpung n. A broken part of the small end of a piece of wood (such as the sheath of a barong). Dihilan kākuꞌ in simpung taguban hi amaꞌ mu. Give me the broken part of the small end of the sheath of your father’s barong. Pikitun ta in simpung taguban sin puddang mu. Let us paste the broken part of the scabbard of your sword.

   vi. ST pat ma-. For the small end (of a piece of wood) to break. Bukun malugay masimpung na in taguban barung mu yan. It won’t be long till that small end of the sheath of your barong breaks.    vt. CH 1 ag mag-; pat -un. To break off (a small piece of something). Simpungun ku in duhul sin pūhan sin utak ini. I’ll break off the end of the handle of this bolo. simpuwak (var. sampuwak) v. AR ag mag-; ran -an. To splash or dash (liquid) about or on (something). Paglabay sin tumubil ha dān taga tubig-tubig kiyasimpuwakan kami sin tubig. When the automobile passed on the road that had a little water we were dashed with water. In awtu ta bakas kiyasimpuwakan sin tubig. Our car was splashed with water. OV SYN. *sabulak; Cf. *pigsik 1 simud 1 n. Mouth. (See Appendix 6: The Parts of the Body) higad simud (comp.) n. The lip (the body part). 2 adj. masimud/simuran Prone to gossip or tattle. Ayaw mu paglahasiyai in tau simuran. Don’t reveal secrets to someone prone to gossip. v. rdp. ag mag-; pat hipag-. To gossip or tattle about (someone). Piyagsimud-simud nila in babai yan naburus. They were gossiping about that woman getting pregnant. Ayaw kaw maghinang mangiꞌ bat kaw diꞌ hipagsimud-simud. Don’t do anything bad or they’ll gossip about you. Cf.: limut. kiyakaun simud (idiom) adj. Stubborn, calloused to scolding (esp. used of children) (lit. a mouth is being eaten). *simut v. AQ ag/goal mag-, -um-; pat -un. To smell, sniff (something, usu. of animals). Simutun sin iruꞌ in basurahan. The dog will sniff the trash. Cf. hamut sin rel. The grammatical marker of (1) non-focused subject; (2) non-focused definite direct object; (3) the genitive relationship. Kaunun sin kuting in istaꞌ. The/A cat will eat the fish./The fish will be eaten by the/a cat. Kimakaun in kābaw sin sagbut yaun. The carabao is eating that grass. Kiyawaꞌ niya in būk sin bataꞌ. He took the child’s book/the book of the child. sīn 1 n. Money. In sīn yan, dīhil kaymu. That money was given to you. v. ag mag-, maka-. To make money. Makasīn kita bang jumatu in tiyanum ta ini. We can make money if these plants of ours thrive. v. pat -un. To give (someone) money (instead of something else). Diꞌ na aku magdihil kaymu badjuꞌ

saꞌ sīnun ku na sadja. I won’t give you clothes but I’ll just give you money. v. ran -an. (For someone) to have money taken away, be fined. Ayaw kaw mangamput babai bat kaw diꞌ kasīnan. Don’t touch a woman so you won’t be fined. 2 v. rdp. ag mag-. To spend money (unnecessarily). Magsīn-sīn sadja kaw ha way kagunahan. You’re just spending money on unnecessary things. Cf. pilak 1, pisita, kanat-kanat kanat Sinaꞌ n. Chinese. In Sinaꞌ ha Sūg amu in manga nagdaragang ha lawm sin daira. The Chinese in Jolo are the ones selling in town. Kamatauran sin Sinaꞌ maingat hadja magꞌusaha. The majority of Chinese are knowledgable in business. SYN. Lannang sinag (var. of siꞌnag) n Brightness, radiance. sinaguliꞌ n. Any of a number of plants with small yellow mallow-like flowers. Bang magsumping in sinaguliꞌ, gumuwaꞌ tuud in lingkat niya. When the flowers from a sinaguliꞌ plant sprout, its beauty will really appear. (See Appendix 5: Plants) sinapang n. A long firearm, rifle. In sinapang sin sundalu kiyawaꞌ sin mundu. The rifles of the soldiers were taken by the outlaws.    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To be armed with a rifle. Subay magsinapang in tau bang sūng pa pagbunuan. A person should have a rifle if he is going to a fight. Cf. almas sindat (var. of sandat) adj (Of clothing) narrow, tight. sindil n. A love song.{Sung in dialogue between two performers, one of which is a female playing the gabbang and the other a male playing the violin. Usu. performed during a wedding celebration or political rally; purely for entertainment.}    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To sing such a song. In manga magluluguꞌ magsindil ha pagtiyaunan. The singers will sing a love song dialogue at the wedding. sindul n. A sweet soup (made of various foods like mongo beans, sago, corn, or sweet potato mixed with coconut milk and sugar and eaten with a spoon).{Cooked by dropping the beans, corn sliced from the cob, small lumps of sago, etc. into a boiling mixture of water, sugar and coconut milk.} Masarap kaunun in sindul bang mapasuꞌ pa. It is delicious to eat sweet soup while it is still hot. Mabayaꞌ aku

magkaun sindul gandum. I love to eat sweet soup made from corn.    v. ag mag-. To make this soup. Magsindul aku gandum. I’ll make sweet soup of corn.    v. pat -un. To make (mongo beans, sago, etc.) into sweet soup. SYN. siyuruꞌ sindung v. ag mag, -um-; ran ka-…-an. To seek shelter, be sheltered (from the heat of the sun or rain). Sumindung naa aku hangkarayꞌ ha babaꞌ sin puunan niyug yaun. I’ll seek shelter for a while under that coconut tree. Sibug kaw mari bat kaw kasindungan. Move over here so that you can be sheltered.    adj. masindung Shady; affording shelter. Masindung duun ha sawm sin mampallam. It’s shady under the mango tree.    n. sindungan A shaded place or shelter. OV SYN. silung sinilas (Tag.) n. A kind of footwear (composed of a rubber thong fastened to a rubber sole), any kind of soft shoe with open toes worn in the house.    v. ag mag-, -um-; ran/ben -an. To wear such a type of footwear, put such on (someone). Pagsinilas kaw bat diꞌ kalummian in siki mu. Put on rubber thongs so your feet won’t get dirty.    v. pat -un. To use (something) as this type of footwear. OV SYN. sapatus; Cf. bakyaꞌ2, tawmpaꞌ sintaꞌ n. Desire, longing. Malugay na in sintaꞌ ku pa Tiyanggi. I have had a desire for a long time to go to Jolo town.    v. ag mag-; pat pag-…-un. To long for. Magsintaꞌ sadja siya sin datung sin amaꞌ niya dayn ha Manilaꞌ. She is always longing for her father’s arrival from Manila. OV SYN. *ā *sintak v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To lift, pull, or jerk (something) up, hoist (a flag or sail), raise (one’s eyebrow). Duwa kami in magsintak sin panji mahinaat-mahinaat. The two of us hoist the flag every morning. Sintaka na in layag. Hoist the sail now. Sīntak sin babai yaun in kilay niya. That lady raised her eyebrow. OV SYN. *utung, *angkat, *sayang; Cf. buhat 1 sinturun (Tag.) n. A (Western style) belt. Ha bihayaun, bukun na sadja usug in magkagunahan sinturun saꞌ sampay na babai. Nowadays, it’s not only boys but also girls that need a belt.    v. ag mag-, -um-; ran/ben -an. To wear a belt, put a belt on (someone). Subay kaw magsinturun bat diꞌ maluslus in pantalun mu. You should wear a belt so your pants won’t slide down. Cf. sabitan Sinūg (from -in- [present-day -iy-] + Sūg) n. The Tausug language (usu. spoken by people whose mother

tongue is not Tausug). In Sinūg amu na in bichara ha Lupaꞌ Sūg. Tausug is the speech of Jolo.    v. ag mag-. To speak the Tausug language. Maingat siya magsinūg. He knows how to speak Tausug. *sinup v. act mag-, -um-; pat -un. (For a liquid) to seep into or through (something), penetrate (something). Suminup in ulan ha payung bang manipis. Rain will seep through an umbrella if it is thin. Sinupun sin dagat in luluwanan ha lansa bang kugdanan sin hunus. Sea water will seep into the cargo on a launch when a storm hits it. singal n. A wedge, shim.    v. AR ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To put a wedge in (something), shim (something). Kahuy matugas in hipagsingal ta sin makina. We’ll use a piece of hard wood as shim to support the engine. Cf. bingal sīngan n. Eaves. In ulan nagtūꞌ dayn ha sīngan sin atup. The rain drips from the eaves of the roof. singaw (var. sungaw) n. A leak (of air), the sound made by leaking air. In singaw sin gūma jīp makusug. The leak in the tire of the jeep is really strong.    v. act mag-, -um-; exp ka-…-an. (For air) to escape, leak air. Magsingaw in gūma sin jīp. The jeep’s tire is leaking air. Ayaw kaw magsuuk pa kasirula kasingawan kaw sin pasuꞌ. Don’t go near the pot, the escaping heat will overcome you. Cf. hungaw, tūꞌ singgam (Eng.) n. Chewing gum. Liyapat namuꞌ sin singgam in buslut sin mital. We stopped up the hole in the can with chewing gum. singil n. A misplaced tooth or teeth, a second tooth (that grows beside another one already formed); the position of the crossteeth in a saw. Duwa in singil sin ipun niya. He has two misplaced teeth. In singil niya gumuwaꞌ sakahabaꞌ siya kumatawa. His second tooth appears whenever he laughs.    adj. singilan Characterized by this condition. Singilan in ipun niya. He has a misplaced tooth.    v. ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To resharpen the blade of a saw or grater. Magsingil pa aku sin katkat natumpul. I’ll resharpen the dulled saw. singkang adj. Characterized by spread legs. Singkang magpanaw in tau yan. That man walks with his legs spread.    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To stand or walk with the legs apart, spread the legs apart. Nagsisingkang

in babai magꞌanak. A woman has to spread her legs apart when delivering a baby. Cf. *bikaꞌkaꞌ singlab n. Shininess, glossiness, sheen (as of silk). Biyaꞌ ha ini in singlab sin kakanaꞌ bīha kākuꞌ. Buy me a material whose shininess is like this.    adj. masinglab Lustrous, glossy, shiny. Masinglab in lanay. Silk is lustrous. Cf. inig, idlap singngiꞌ (var. of sungngiꞌ) v To whine (to someone). singsing n. A ring (for the finger). In palmata sin singsing ku intan. The setting of my ring is a diamond.    v. ag mag-; pat -un; ran -an. To wear a ring. Magsingsing aku dūm ini bat madtu aku pa paghinangan. I’ll wear a ring tonight because I’m going to a special occasion. Singsingun ku in singsing palmata intan. I’ll wear the diamond ring. Singsingan ku in jaymanis ku. I’ll put a ring on my ring finger. singud v. AR ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To copy, imitate (something). Singud kaw sin hinang ku. Imitate what I’ve done. Singuri in paghinang niya sin lamisahan. Copy the way he made the table.    n. pagsingud Copy or manner of copying. In pagsingud niya sin badjuꞌ bukun amu. His copying of the dress isn’t right. Cf. sibuꞌ singuk v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To sniffle (as from a cold). Nagsinguk in bataꞌ bat diꞌ gumuwaꞌ in sippun niya. The child is sniffling so that his nose won’t run. sinyal (Eng.) n. A gesture (intended to convey an idea), signal. Tagaran ku in sinyal mu ampa aku madtu. I’ll wait for your gesture and then I’ll go.    v. ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To make a sign, signal, gesture. Magsinyal mān aku bang siya makalabay na. I’ll signal when he passes by. OV SYN. isārat sipaꞌ 1 n. A kick. In sipaꞌ niya kākuꞌ makusug. His kick that hit me was really strong. v. CH 1 ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To kick (something). Sipaun ta kaw bang kaw diꞌ mīg dayn ha dān. I’ll kick you if you don’t get out of the road. 2 n. A game played by kicking something with the side of the foot (the object of the game is to keep the object in the air by kicking it repeatedly). sipais intj. I hope it will never happen, God forbid. Sipais bang kaw matay magꞌunu kami manga bagay mu? If you die, God forbid, what are we your friends going to do?

   v. ag mag-, -um-, mang-; goal ka-…-an. To say ‘I hope it will never happen’, say ‘God forbid’. Subay kaw magsipais bang kaw suknaan. You have to say ‘I hope it will not happen’ when you are cursed. Diꞌ kapagsipaisan in bayaꞌ. You can’t say ‘I hope it will not happen’ that I fall in love. *sipak n. A part or half of something, a split section. Pilangka-sipak in binī mu? How many split sections did you buy?    v. CH 1 ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To cut (something) in two (lengthwise), split (something) into halves. Sipakun ku in tinapay ha duwa bataꞌ. I’ll split the bread into halves for the two children. Cf. biak, *tuis (See utud for table.) sipat 1.1 n. A physical sense, natural power or faculty (of a person).{Tausug distinguish 4 senses: pangitaꞌ sight, pangdungug hearing, nanam taste, and panghamut smell.} Bang in tau maas na, kulang na in sipat niya. When a person is old his senses fail him. 1.2 v. pat ma-, hika-. To imagine; describe, express, explain (usu. with negative diꞌ). Diꞌ hikasipat in lingkat sin dayang-dayang. The beauty of the princess is indescribable. Masipat mu in pagbagay ta biyaꞌ magtaymanghud. Can you imagine the kind of friendship we have? It’s like we are siblings. In taud sin pamulawan sin sultan diꞌ hikasipat in daya niya. The king has plenty of jewelry, his wealth is inexpressible. 2 n. Type; manifestation, evidence; appearance; attribute, quality; work (noun). Diꞌ mapandang sin mānusiyaꞌ in sipat sin Tuhan. People can’t see God’s appearance. Hambuuk sipat sin Tuhan amu na in maytaꞌ diꞌ maghundung in siꞌnag sin suga iban sawa sin bulan. It is a manifestation of God that (lit. why) the rays of the sun and the shining of the moon never stop. Hi Apuꞌ Adam iban hi Sitti Hawa sipat sin Tuhan sabab limabay sila dayn ha lima sin Tuhan. Adam and Eve are a work of God because they passed through God’s hands. Diꞌ hikatugilaꞌ in sipat sin Tuhan. We cannot explain God’s attributes. sipi adv. Stealthily, treacherously. Sipi kaw dāgan bang siya walaꞌ nagꞌaatud. Run stealthily when he is not looking.    v. ag mag-, -um-, mang-; ran -an. To spy on (someone), double-cross (someone), spy out (something). Simipi in pilisu maguy. The prisoner is spying to escape. Sipihi bang hawnu niya hitawꞌ in pilak niya. Spy out where she keeps her money. Sipihan ta in adlaw pagbalik niya. We’ll spy out the day he returns. Cf. jaga

sipiꞌ n. A hand (of bananas). Namī hi inaꞌ hangka-sipiꞌ sayng. Mother bought a hand of bananas.    v. CH 1 ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To cut (a stalk of bananas) into hands. Sipiun ta na in bulig sayng ini ampa ta hiragang pa tabuꞌ. We’ll cut this stalk of bananas into hands and then sell them at the market. Cf. bulig sipit 1 n. A peg, clothespin, hairpin. v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un; ran pag-…-an. To catch (something) between two fingers, pincers, etc.; pinch (something); clip (something, as a paper clip clips paper, a clothespin clothes, or a hairpin hair). Magsipit siya sin buhuk niya bang manaw. She clips her hair when she is going for a walk. Aray! nasipit in lima ku sin kagang. Ouch! my hand was pinched by the crab. Pagsipitan niya in ilung niya manga hangka-jām. He used to clip his nose for an hour. Cf.: gipit 1, kibit, sibit. n. rdp. An earwig. 2 v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To carry (something) under the arm. Sīsipit niya in pitakaꞌ. She’s carrying her pocketbook under her arm. (See dā for table.) sipit ulang n. Pelvic bone. Bang dumugtul in sipit ulang sin tau pa manga digpiꞌ atawa basiꞌ, agun punungun in tau. If the pelvic bone of a person bumps against a board or metal the person will almost faint. sipit-sipit n. Earwig. In sakit sin kutkut sin sipit-sipit ini kasandalan minsan bataꞌ-bataꞌ. The pain of the bite of an earwig is bearable even by a child. (See Appendix 4: Animals, Non-flying) siplit v. ag mag-, -um-; pat hi-; ran -an. To thrust or insert (something) into a crevice (as into a crack in the wall). Sīplit niya in jawm ha lutang sin dingding. She thrust the needle into the crack of the wall. Hisiplit ku na ha dingding in sulat mu. I’ll insert your letter into the wall. Siplitan ta sīn in inbilup. We’ll insert money into the envelope. sippun (var. siꞌpun; sipun) n. (Nose) mucous. In tandaꞌ sin iyuulapay kaw awn sippun ha lawm ilung mu. The evidence that you have a cold is that there is mucous in your nose.    vi. ST pat -un. To develop a stuffy nose. Bang adlaw-adlaw iyuulanan in tau in guwaꞌ niya sippunun siya. If a person is rained on every day, in the end he will develop a stuffy nose.    vt. ag mag-, mang-. To throw away nose mucous.

   adj. sippunan Having a stuffy nose. Diꞌ siya makanapas marayaw sabab sippunan siya. He can’t breathe well because he has a stuffy nose. OV SYN. tayꞌ ilung comp. tayꞌ; Cf. *sunga, ulapay sipsip v. AR ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To wedge (something) between (two other things), put a wedge or shim (into something). Magsipsip aku muna sin buslut sin atup ampa kita manaw. I’ll wedge something between the holes in the roof first then we will go out. Subay sipsipan in manga atup bat diꞌ magtūꞌ bang ulan. We have to put wedges in the roof so that it will not leak when it rains. sipug n. Shame, dishonor, disgrace; humiliation; shyness. Sipug in makamatay ha Tausug. It is shame that kills a Tausug. Way sipug sin tau diꞌ magpamayad utang. A person who doesn’t pay his debt has no shame.    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To shame, dishonor or disgrace (someone); make (someone) ashamed; humiliate or be humiliated; be shy. Ayaw mu siya sipuga ha katauran tau. Don’t shame him in the presence of many people. Biyaꞌ kaw ini manipug kākuꞌ. It is as if you’re putting me to shame. Simipug aku sin bissara mu. I was humilated by what you said. Mabayaꞌ da aku matay dayn sin sipugun sin pagkahi ku. I’d rather die than be put to shame by my fellow men.    v. pat hika-. To be ashamed of (something). Subay ta diꞌ hikasipug bang awn sallaꞌ ta. We should not be ashamed if we have a defect. Hikasipug mu aku? Are you ashamed of me? ANT. sanglit 1    adj. masipug Embarrassed, ashamed, shy. Masipug siya kumalang ha mayran. She is too shy to sing in public places. OV SYN. maluman luman    adj. makasipug Shameful, dishonorable, disgraceful. Makasipug ha Tausug in diꞌ mangatu. It is shameful for a Tausug not to contend (with his opponent).    adj. bayngsipugun Shy, reserved, reticent. Bayngsipugun in budjang yan. That young lady is reserved. Cf. hinaꞌ, bias, ajayb 1 siput n. A screw. Nalawaꞌ in siput sin makina. The screw of the machine is lost.    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un; ran -an. To screw, turn (something), turn on or off (a faucet, radio, gas stove, etc.). Ayaw mu pasāri in bataꞌ magsiput sin dapulan. Don’t just leave a child to turn the handle on a stove. Ayaw mu pakusuga in pagsiput mu sin pansul bat diꞌ mabaliꞌ. Don’t force the turning off of the faucet so that it will not break. kulang siput (idiom) adj. Peculiar, eccentric, irrational, unbalanced, having a screw loose.

siratal mustakim (Ar.) n. A bridge in the hereafter (in Muslim tradition over which the righteous pass safely, but from which transgressors will fall onto a sharp blade below); the way of the righteous, correct path of religion. Wajib kitaniyu imingat sin siratal mustakim. It is obligatory that we know the correct path of religion. sirik adj. (Of a person) dirty, unclean. In tau diꞌ magpamawppuꞌ sirik. A person who does not cleanse himself with water after urinating or defecating is unclean. OV SYN. sammal sirik munapik n. An unbeliever (in Islam). Ayaw paasawaha in anak mu sin sirik munapik. Don’t let your son marry an unbeliever.    adj. Unbelieving (in Islam). sirilmaꞌsun v. ag mag-. {Archaic} (For the leaders of a community [banuwa]) to meet and confer (about something). Ubus nagsirilmaꞌsun piya masjid nagtipun. After conferring they gathered at the mosque. Cf. isun sisik n. Scales (of fish, etc.). Matugas in sisik sin istaꞌ ini. The scales of this fish are hard.    v. AR ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To remove the scales (from a fish). Sisiki in istaꞌ. Remove the scales from the fish.    adj. masisik Scaly, having many scales. Masisik in istaꞌ ini. This fish is scaly. sitta v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To speak longingly of (someone one remembers). Magsitta sadja in manga maas niya kaniya. Her parents are always speaking longingly of her. Pagsittahun ku sadja in tunang ku. I always speak longingly of my sweetheart. Cf. *ā, sintaꞌ Sitti 1 n. A title given to a woman born of a datu and a commoner mother. Cf. putliꞌ 1 2 n. A feminine name. Sitti in tagnaan sin ngān babai ha Sūg. Sitti is the beginning of the name of some women in Jolo. siub n. A sheet, blanket, covering. Haunu mu biyutang in siub? Where did you put the blanket?    v. AR ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To wrap or cover (someone with a blanket, etc.). Siubi in bataꞌ-bataꞌ sin habul. Wrap the baby with a blanket. Cf. habul, tadjung

siya pron. (Third person sg. topic pronoun) he, she, it, to him, to her, to it, him, her. Malingkat siya. She is pretty. Ibani siya pa tabuꞌ. Accompany him to the market. Dihili siya kindi. Give her candy. sīya n. A chair. Limingkud siya ha sīya. He sat on the chair. SYN. bangkuꞌ, lingkuran lingkud *siya-siya vi. ST pat ma-. To be neglected, be abandoned in a helpless state. Nasiya-siya in manga bataꞌ sabab way maas nila. The children were neglected because they didn’t have any parents.    vt. CH 1 ag mag-; pat -un. To neglect, abandon (something). Ayaw mu siya-siyaha in manga bataꞌ īipat mu. Don’t neglect the children you care for. Cf. pasād derv. *sād siyabit (from -iy- + sabit) adj. (Of bamboo walling, the cloth called pīs) woven. In dingding sin bāy, bulaꞌ siyabit. The wall of the house is woven split bamboo. In pīs siyabit, amu na in tandaꞌ sin kamaasan. A woven square cloth is a symbol of the old heritage. siyal adj. On one’s own if harmed, responsible for injury to oneself. Siyal in kugdanan sin batu. Whoever is hit by a stone, it’s his own responsibility.    vt. ag mag-; pat -un. To penalize (someone), hold (someone) responsible (for something). Siyalun sin sundalu in tau umatu ha parinta. The soldiers will penalize people who resist the government.    vi. ST pat ma-. To run a risk at one’s own responsibility. Masiyal kaw bang kaw madtu saꞌbu nagbubunuꞌ. You’ll run a risk at your own responsibility if you go there while the shooting is going on. Cf. *taksil siyam adv. Nine. Siyam da sila nakāꞌ magpulis ha daira sin Lupaꞌ Sūg. There were only nine of them taken as policemen in the town of Jolo. (See umbul for table.) siyanglag (from -iy- + sanglag) n. Grated cassava roasted (in a pan). Butangi kiyugut lahing in siyanglag. Add grated coconut to the roasted cassava. siyap v. ag mag-; pat -un. {Rare} To prepare, equip. Magsiyap na asal aku sin manga darāhun ku tumulak. I’ll already prepare the things that I’m going to take on my trip. Siyapun ta na asal in manga kakaun ini bat marā pa piknik. Let’s prepare this food so we can bring it to the picnic. siyu (var. of hisiyu) pron Who? whom? (with ngān) what?

siyu-siyu (var. of hisiyu-siyu) pron Whoever, anybody. siyul v. ag mag-; pat -un. To fish with a fine net (in shallow water by pushing the net along the bottom as one walks). Subay natuꞌ siyulun in anak bangus ha lawm subaꞌ. We should fish for milkfish fry in the river with a fine net.    n. sisiyul A fine net.    n. maniniyul One who makes his living by fishing with a fine net. Cf. laya siyum n. A kiss.{Usu. performed by pressing one’s cheek against the other person’s cheek and nuzzling the other person with the nose while giving a sniff. The lips do not meet. Used also to indicate any way of kissing.}    v. CH 1 ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To kiss (someone). Siyumun ta mān kaw bang kaw tumulak. I’ll be sure to kiss you when you sail.    v. RC ag mag-. (For people) to kiss (each other). In kiyasūran namuꞌ sīni magsiyum sadja. The movies we went to were just a lot of kissing. siyuruꞌ (from -iy- + suruꞌ) n. A sweet soup (made of various foods like mongo beans, sago, corn, or sweet potato mixed with coconut milk and sugar and eaten with a spoon). In paghinang niya sin siyuruꞌ masarap. The way he makes sweet soup (it) is delicious. SYN. sindul sūꞌ n. Light (of a torch, candle, etc.). Way sūꞌ sin palitaan. The lamp has no light.    v. AR ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To light or kindle (something as a candle, lamp, or torch). Sūi in ilaw ha kusina. Light the lamp in the kitchen. Cf. ilaw, palitaan suꞌduy adj. (Of trees, posts or anything upright) slanting, inclined. Suꞌduy na in kusina namuꞌ pasal sin hunus. Our kitchen is slanting now because of the typhoon.    v. act mag-, -um-; pat -un. (For trees or anything upright) to incline or slant. Palawma in pagꞌusuk sin hāg bat diꞌ sumuꞌduy. Stick the post deeply (into the ground) so it won’t slant. suꞌgub n. A container woven (from coconut leaves, esp. for lanzones, mangoes, and other small fruit). In manga buwahan biyutang ha suꞌgub piyagdagang ha tabuꞌ. The lanzones were put in a woven container and were sold at the market. SYN. japang, tambusaꞌ, tampipiꞌ

*sual v. RC ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To discuss, argue. Ayaw kamu magsual pasal agama bat way pagngiꞌ atay. Don’t argue about religion so there won’t be any misunderstanding. OV SYN. *lugat; Cf. jawab *suap v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To bribe (someone). Subay suapun in saksiꞌ. We should bribe the witness. sūb n. A strong liking or fondness (for something, esp. a certain kind of food). Sibuꞌ da in sūb namuꞌ magkilaw mampallam. We both have the same strong liking for eating green mangoes.    v. ST pat -um-. To develop a strong desire or liking (for something, esp. a certain kind of food). Lumugay sumūb da kaw kumaun dūyan. Eventually you will like to eat durian.    v. ran -an. To like (to eat or do something), be very fond (of eating or doing something). Bang kaw makakinam sin siyanglag, sūban kaw. If you taste roasted grated cassava you’ll like it. Kasūban sin sanam in sukal. Ants are very fond of sugar.    adj. masūb Very fond (of eating or doing something). Masūb siya magbassa sin būk biyaꞌ ha yan. She is very fond of reading that kind of book. Masūb aku magkaun timun. I am very fond of eating watermelon (i.e., I like it very much). Cf. tagi, suwak subaꞌ1 n. An inlet, place where a river empties into the sea. Namayguꞌ iban nagdakdak badjuꞌ in manga tau ha subaꞌ. The people bathe and wash clothes in the inlet. Cf. sapaꞌ subaꞌ2 n. Something that one ridicules, looks down on, or treats with contempt in another which one does oneself later on. In subaꞌ iban kisas diꞌ marā matay. The thing a person looks down on in another he will do himself before he dies.    v. pat -un. To become or do the thing that one ridicules, looks down on or treats with contempt. Siyubaꞌ na kaw! Mangudjuꞌ kaw ha manga babai magpantalun, na bihaun magpantalun na kaw. So you’re doing what you ridiculed! You made fun of girls wearing pants, and now you’re wearing them yourself. SYN. kisas subahat n. A mistake. Bang awn subahat nahinang sin baran mu, subay kaw magtawbat pa Tuhan. When you have made a mistake you must ask forgiveness from God. In subahat nahinang mu nakabissara kaw pangkal pa Tuhan. Your mistake was in using bad words that profane God. Cf. subali, pangkal

subali n. A solemn promise, vow, pledge (esp. to God; should not be broken lest it bring a curse on the one who made it).    v. ag mag-, -um-; goal -an. To make a vow (not to do something). Bukun marayaw in magsubali. It’s not good to make a vow. Bang mu subalihan in anak mu bihān hāti niya diꞌ na kaw magꞌanak kaniya. If you make a vow like that to your son it means you won’t recognize or claim him as your son. Cf. janjiꞌ, najal subang 1.1 v. act mag-, -um-. (For the moon) to rise. Sumubang na in bulan. The moon is now rising. 1.2 n. subangan The waxing of the moon. ANT. kūpan kūp 2 1.3 n. subangan The number of days (in the month since the new moon), a day. Pilangka-subangan pa ampa puasa? How many more days before the fast? 2 v. pat pag-…-un. To be or become crazy, be mildly affected now and again by times of lunacy. Bang bihan miyamasuꞌ na sadja siya, siyubang na isab yan. If she’s that ill-tempered all the time, then she is crazy again. subangan (from subang + -an₁) n. The direction east. In suga magguwaꞌ dayn ha subangan. The sun comes up in the east. SYN. masrik; Cf. maksinaꞌ, taksinaꞌ, sadlupan *sadlup 2, magrib 3 (See hangin for table.) subay adv. Must, should, it is necessary or compulsory to. Subay kaw minum sin ubat ini bang kaw mabayaꞌ kaulian. You must take this medicine if you want to get better. Cf. wajib *subbat 1 v. ag mag-, -um-, mang-; pat -un. To spear or snag (a sea creature or a land animal) by a quick, darting motion. In bakakka maghulaꞌ ha taas kahuy masuuk pa dagat supaya siya manubbat istaꞌ. The kingfisher lives up in trees near the sea so that it will be easy for him to snag fish. 2 v. ag mag-, -um-, mang-; pat -un. To chase (someone) with a weapon. Siyubbat sin jaga in sugarul sin utak. The guard chased the thief with a bolo. subid (pūꞌ equiv. of lubid) v To plait, twist (something). subli v. ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To take turns with (someone in doing something), take (someone’s) place, substitute for (someone), undertake (work) vacated (by someone else). Subli kaw kaniya magjaga ha

manga bataꞌ. Take turns with her in watching the children. Hisiyu in sumubli kaniya? Who’ll take her place? Aku in nakasubli sin hinang niya. I took on the work that she vacated. Sublihan kaw sin manghud mu magjaga. Your younger brother will take your place in guarding. Cf. gantiꞌ *subsub v. act mag-, -um-; pat -un. (For something) to penetrate or be absorbed by (something else). Siyubsub sin kāyu in manga kabāyan. The fire penetrated the houses. OV SYN. *hūp 1 subu1 1 n. The first of the five prayers of the day (a little before dawn). Cf. luhul, asar, magrib 1, aysa 2 n. Dawn, the time of the first prayer of the day. Subu na hatiku bat masawa na in hulaꞌ. It’s dawn now I think because it’s quite light outside. adv. subu-subu Very early (in the morning). Subay subu-subu pa magbatiꞌ na kitaniyu kunsūm. It should be very early yet that we wake up tomorrow. SYN.: lapit adlaw. subu2 1.1 v. ag mag-, -um-. To boil over, (for a fire) to flare up. Pagꞌasag sin lana, simubu in kāyu. Apit masunug in bāy. When the oil spilled, the fire flared up. The house almost burned. Nagsubu na in tiyugnaꞌ. The cooked food is boiling over. Cf.: bukal. v. AR ag mag-; ran -an. To put (a blade) into fire (to reshape it), fire (something in a forge). Subay subuhan in utak diꞌ mūk pa mananasal basiꞌ. The blunt bolo should be fired at the blacksmith. 1.2 n. Flaring anger. In subu sin atay niya marayꞌ nakalanduꞌ na. The flaring anger of his heart is almost overwhelming now. v. act mag-, -um-. (With atay or duguꞌ) to become very angry, have one’s anger flare up. Simubu in atay ku sin ngiꞌ sin bissara niya. I became very angry over the obnoxious words he said. Magsubu in duguꞌ ku bang ta kaw kakitaan. I get very angry when I see you. 2 v. act mag-, -um-; (For something) to rise or float. v. pat hi-. (For water) to float (something). Hisubu in binglud sin tubig pa taas. The water will float the bits of rice to the top (i.e., the rice will float on the water). subuk n. The fleshiness or body (of durian). Biyaꞌ ini da in subuk sin dūyan binī ku. The fleshiness of the durian I bought is like (the fleshiness of) this one.    adj. masubuk (Of durian) fleshy. Masūb aku kumaun sin dūyan masubuk. I enjoy eating a fleshy durian. Cf. pukal

subul 1 n. A young man (past the age of puberty but unmarried), bachelor. In manga subul namayaꞌ-mayaꞌ pa manga kabudjangan. The young men are courting the young ladies. v. act magpa-, -um-; pat ma-. (For a young man) to attain puberty. Diꞌ pa kaw tūpun mamayaꞌ-mayaꞌ. Magpasubul naa kaw ampa kaw kabayaan. It’s not yet fitting for you to court. You should attain puberty first and then you will be wanted. 2 v. ag magpa-. (For a married man) to act like an unmarried man (including to dress stylishly). Magpasubul in bana mu ini bang siya ha panawan. Your husband really acts like an unmarried man when he’s out. suchi (var. sussi; sutsi) adj. Clean, pure, undefiled, chaste (usu. in a religious sense); holy. Subay suchi in tubig hipagꞌayl. Water for ceremonial ablutions must be clean.    v. CH 1 ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To purge, cleanse (as from impurities, guilt, sin or ceremonial defilement). Suchihun ta in baran bat diꞌ magsusun ha ulihan. We have to cleanse ourselves of our sin so we won’t have regrets at the end. sūd1 1.1 v. TV ag mag-, -um-; goal -un; ran -an. To enter, go inside (a place). Sūd kaw. Come in. Masūd sin mundu in kawman bang wayruun jaga. The town will be entered by outlaws if there are no guards. Siyūran saytan in tau yan. That man has been entered by (i.e., is possessed by) an evil spirit. Sūran sān sin tubig. The water will surely get inside that. v. CV 1 pat hi-. To put (something) inside (something else). Sūran in bangbang pa lawm mital. Put the biscuits inside the tin can. 1.2 n. A catch of fish (in a fish corral). Awn na sūd sin bungsud mu? Does your fish corral have any catch in it? v. pat -un. To have a catch of fish (in a corral). Walaꞌ siyūd in bungsud nila. Their fish corral didn’t catch any fish. 2 n. A business partner. v. RC ag mag, -um-; goal -an. (For someone) to do business (with someone else). Diꞌ aku mabayaꞌ magsūd iban sin pangustaw. I don’t like to do business with an embezzler. sūd2 n. A fine-toothed comb for removing hair lice.    v. CH 1 act mag, mang-; pat -un. To comb (the hair) with such a comb (to remove hair lice). Sūrun ku

in ū ku bat maīg in kutu. I’ll comb with a fine tooth comb to get rid of the lice. Cf. sudlay sudda 1 n. Nature, character, conduct, manners (also kasuddahan). Awn tau marayaw, awn tau mangiꞌ in sudda niya. There are people whose nature is good, and those whose nature is bad. In tau marayaw kasuddahan mahabaꞌ umul. A person whose nature is good (i.e., is good-natured) lives long. In hambuuk babai marayaw in kasuddahan makarā kalagguan ha katān babai. A woman with good conduct brings pride to all women. Mangiꞌ kasuddahan sin tau yan ha pangdaig bāy niya. That person is bad-natured toward (i.e., unkind to) his neighbors. 2 v. act mag-. To have a (bad) outcome or result. Bang in hinang ta mangiꞌ diꞌ magsudda pa marayaw. If our deeds are bad they will not have a good outcome. Nagsudda na in paglāng ku kaniya, bihaun yaun na siya ha uspital kiyadugsuan. My telling him had a result, he’s now in the hospital with a stab wound. OV SYN. baynat sudjara n. A prayer rug or mat. Cf. hamparan sudlat v. ag mag-; pat hi-; goal -un. To poke or thrust (something) into (something else, as a finger into someone’s eye or a stick into mud or into a bee’s nest); point (something) at (someone’s) eye. Nasudlat in mata niya sin sagbut. His eyes were thrust into by grass. Sudlatun ku sa yan in mata mu mangirug kaw kākuꞌ. I’ll poke something into your eyes because you are making faces at me. Hisudlat ku in kahuy ini pa pisak. I’ll thrust the end of this stick into the mud. In bataꞌ-bataꞌ nagtangis nasudlat sin kahuy ha taykud. The girl cried because she was poked by a stick on her back. OV SYN. tugsuk 1; Cf. suruk sudlay n. A comb.    v. CH 1 ag mag-, -um-, mang-; pat -un. To comb (one’s or someone’s) hair. Sudlaya kunuꞌ in buhuk mu. Comb your hair. Maingat aku manudlay sin buhuk ku. I know how to comb my hair. Cf. sūd2 sudlay lupaꞌ n. A harrow. Dāha na pa uma in sudlay lupaꞌ. Take the harrow to the field. sudsud1 n. A name given to several sedges. In sudsud biyaꞌ da sin manga kayapuꞌ magtubuꞌ ha daig suba iban ha sapaꞌ. The sedge plants like the lettuce and the water lily grow on riverbanks and in swamps. (See Appendix 5: Plants)

sudsud2 n. An indigenous confection made of pounded rice mixed with eggs, sugar and a little water and baked. (See Appendix 7: Kinds of Confections Served at Special Occasions) sūg n. A flow of water (esp. when strong or swift) in a definite direction, current. Diꞌ kita makapagbangkaꞌ adlaw yan sabab matigdaꞌ in sūg. We can’t go boating today because the current is swift. Ayaw kaw maglanguy ha dagat bihaun, gana-gana marā kaw sin sūg pa lawd. Don’t swim in the ocean now, you might be carried out to sea by the current. OV SYN. abal; Cf. lumbag Sūg [Uncertain whether from sūg above.]1 n. (The island of) Jolo (not including the islands surrounding it). 2 n. The entire Tausug home area (including the islands surrounding Jolo Island). suga n. The sun.    v. act -um-; pat -un; ran -an. [Agent can only be God.] (For it) to be or become sunny, (for the sun) to shine or give off heat. Subay na sumuga ampa mu buwara in diyakdakan. When it gets sunny you hang the clothes outside. Bang mataud na in baldusa ha lawm paghulaꞌ, na sugahun na kita. When there are many wicked people in our place, it will be sunny (for a long time). Ayaw kaw magbuwad duun, diꞌ sān sugahan. Don’t dry anything there, it doesn’t get the sun.    n. panuga Dry season, summertime. Ha waktu panuga landuꞌ mapasuꞌ. It’s very hot during the dry season. ugtu suga (comp.) n. Noontime. mataas suga (comp.) n. Midday. suga-suga1 adj. Equal, the same. In duwa bataꞌbataꞌ suga-suga in lagguꞌ. The two boys are the same size. suga-suga2 n. Prickly heat.    v. pat -un. To develop prickly heat. Daran paygua in bataꞌ-bataꞌ bat diꞌ suga-sugahun. Bathe the baby very often so it won’t develop prickly heat. sugad (var. of sugud) n The stinger of an insect. sugal n. Playing cards. In sugal piyagpanayaman sin manga usug, binī ha Borneo. The playing cards that the boys are using to gamble with were bought in Borneo.

   v. ag mag-. To play or gamble with cards. Magsugal kitaniyu ha dūm haylaya. Let’s play cards on the eve of the festival.    n. magsusugal A gambler. In magsusugal in guwaꞌ niya mangakkal. The end result of a gambler is that he cheats.    n. pagsusugalan A gambling place. Mataud pagsusugalan didtu ha Manilaꞌ piyatambul sin parinta. Plenty of gambling places there in Manila have been closed by the government. sugarul n. A burglar, sneak thief. Ayaw kaw magpaingat ha kaibanan sin mataud in altaꞌ mu bang kaw diꞌ mabayaꞌ sūrun sin sugarul. Don’t tell others that you have much wealth if you don’t want a thief to enter your premises. Cf. panakaw *takaw sugaya v. ag mag-; pat -un. To splice (rope). Magsugaya pa aku sin lubid nabugtuꞌ kaina. I’ll splice the rope that was disconnected a while back. Sugayahun ku in lubid hawpuꞌ katān ampa humabaꞌ. I’ll splice all the short ropes so that the rope will become long. *sughay v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To let loose or shake out (one’s) hair to dry. Ayaw kaw magsughay dayn dī, mabasaꞌ aku. Don’t shake out your hair here to dry, I’ll get wet. Subay pagsughayun in buhuk ampa masamut tumahay. One should let one’s hair loose to dry so that it will dry quickly. *sugi v. AR ag mag-; ran -an. To trim (a wick). Nagsugi hi Indaꞌ sin sumbuhan sin lampu. Indaꞌ trimmed the wick of the lamp. Sugihan ku tiyuꞌ-tiyuꞌ in sumbuhan sin lansuk. I’ll trim a little the wick of this candle. *sugit v. ag mag-; goal ka-…-an. To look for and find (something). Kiyasugitan niya in hinug dūyan tiyatapuk ku. He looked for and found a ripe durian I had hidden.    adj. masugit Keen in (searching and) finding things. Masugit in mata sin tau ini. This man’s eyes are keen in finding things. sugit-sugit1 n. A mud dauber wasp. In sugit-sugit naglulupad sadja pakain-pakain ha paglāgan kakaun. The mud dauber wasp always flies everywhere in search of food. (See Appendix 1: Birds and Flying Insects) sugit-sugit2 n. Paper nautilus, argonaut. (See Appendix 3: Seashells, Seaweeds, etc.)

sugpat n. A continuation, fellow piece cut from the same whole. Kunsūm ku na bassahun in sugpat sin isturi ini. Tomorrow I’ll read the continuation of the story.    v. AR ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To give the continuation of, add (something to something else esp. of the same whole). Ayaw na kaw magsugpat sin bissara niya ha supaya diꞌ na maghabaꞌ in paglugat. Don’t add to what he said so the argument won’t be protracted. Subay sugpatan in badjuꞌ mu sabab mahawpuꞌ tuud. You should add on to your dress because it’s too short.    v. CH 1 ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To join (things) together. Siyugpat nila na in basiꞌ tubig nabaliꞌ. They joined the broken water pipe together. sugpiꞌ (var. of *sagpiꞌ) v To break (something) with force. sugsug n. Relation (usu. of kinship), relative. In bataꞌ yaun sugsug ku makaminsan. That boy is my relative of the first degree (i.e., first cousin). Unu in kasugsug mu kanda Ambuꞌ Asmaꞌ? What is your relationship to Asmaꞌ and her family? Biyaꞌ diin in lawak sin pagkasugsug niyu? What is the distance of your relationship (i.e., How closely are you related)?    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un; goal -an. To tell how (people) are related. Aku na in sumugsug kaymu sin pasal ta. I will tell you how we are related. sugsug tawbat n. A forgiveness ritual (to solve a misunderstanding between members of a family).{An atonement for wrongdoing or injury done by one member of a family to another. A public meeting is held with the priest praying for the parties involved to ask forgiveness for the offence. Most people who hold one slaughter a goat which is evidence that they are asking forgiveness.} Bang mangayuꞌ kamaapan subay maingat sugsug tawbat. If you want to ask forgiveness you must know the forgiveness ritual. Paawnun ta in pagsugsug tawbat bat makapagdayaw in magtaymanghud. Let’s institute the atonement ritual so the siblings can be reconciled. sugu n. {Rare} A pattern, design. In pagsingud niya sin sugu nasāꞌ. His copying of the pattern was mistaken. OV SYN. suntuan    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To make a pattern, copy the pattern (of something). Nagsugu na in mananahiꞌ sin badjuꞌ mu. The tailor has already made the pattern of your dress. Suguun ku marayaw in badjuꞌ ini. I’ll copy the pattern of this dress.

sugud (var. sugad) n. The stinger of an insect (as a wasp or bee). Landuꞌ in bisa sin sugud lapinig. The stinger of a bee is very painful.    v. ag magpang-; pat -un. (For an insect) to sting (someone). Kamayaꞌ kaw sugurun sin lapinig duun hān. Be careful, you will be stung by the bees there. OV SYN. kutkut sugung adj. {Archaic} Totally unwilling, very averse. Sugung siya bang pasūrun pa lawm langgal. He is totally unwilling to be taken into the mosque.    v. pat ma-. (With negative diꞌ) to yield. Diꞌ tuud siya masugung bang diꞌ hikarihil in kabayaan niya. He will not yield until he is given what he wants. suhud n. Favor, good fortune. Mangayuꞌ kitaniyu suhud pa Tuhan ha bang mayan malappas da dayn ha kangian. We will ask the favor from God that we be saved from harm. Pangayuꞌ kaw suhud pa Tuhan bang mayan paglanggalun ku in tau hiyājat ku. Ask God for the favor that I might meet the person I am looking for.    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un, hi-. To pray fervently (to God only). Sumuhud aku pa Tuhan wayruun mangiꞌ dumatung kātuꞌ. I will pray fervently to God that no misfortune come to us. Suhurun ku pa Tuhan bang mān kaw makahadjiꞌ. I’ll pray fervently to God that you may be able to go on the pilgrimage to Mecca. *suhul adv. masuhul Sometimes, occasionally. Masuhul magdagsaꞌ in istaꞌ panit pa hunasan. Sometimes tuna fish come to the shallow water in schools. OV SYN. sūnun, mahumu2 sujud v. ag mag-, -um-; pat hi-. To kneel with one’s forehead, hands, knees, and toes touching the mat or ground (in praying or showing reverential fear to God or to a very important human person); ask or plead (for something). In manga ummat nagsambahayang simujud pa Tuhan. The congregation praying are bowing down to God. Hisujud ku pa Tuhan bang mān kaw mura-murahan ha panaw mu yan. I will plead to God that you’ll be successful in your venture.    n. pagsujud Manner or way of bowing down. In pagsujud niya bukun maamu. His way of bowing down isn’t correct. Cf. rukuꞌ suka n. Vomit (ejected matter from the stomach via the mouth). Taga suka in lantay. Ay naa kaw maggiik. There is vomit on the floor. Don’t step on it.

   v. act mag-, -um-; ran -an. To vomit, throw up. Nagsuka siya pagꞌinum niya sin ubat. She vomited when she took the medicine. Diꞌ aku makainum sin ubat makasuka. I can’t take medicine which causes me to throw up.    v. ST pat -un. To be afflicted with vomiting. Mangiꞌ in parasahan ku biyaꞌ aku sūng sukahun. I don’t feel well, it’s like I’m about to vomit. suka-intawꞌ n. Dysentery (characterized by vomiting, abdominal pain, loose stools and fever); cholera or other acute dysentery-type diseases. In sakit sin bataꞌ-bataꞌ suka-intawꞌ. The child’s sickness is dysentery. (See Appendix 8: Diseases)    v. ST pat mag-, -um-, -un. To be afflicted with dysentery. Piligru in tau yan magsuka-intawꞌ. There is danger that that man will get dysentery. sukaꞌ n. Vinegar.    v. AR ag mag-; ran -an. To add vinegar to (something). Sukai kunuꞌ in tinuanan yan. Will you add some vinegar to the relish. sukal n. Sugar. In sukal bihaun himalgaꞌ na. Sugar is now expensive. Bīhi kita sukal putiꞌ. Buy us refined sugar. Diꞌ aku makainum kahawa bang wayruun sukal. I can’t drink coffee without sugar.    v. ag mag-; ran -an. To put sugar in or on (something). Sukalan ta in kahawa mu. We put sugar in your coffee. sukang n. Prohibitions, things which must be avoided (such as certain foods or activities due to sickness or allergies). Unu in sukang sin sakit mu? What are the things that must be avoided because of your sickness?    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To proscribe, forbid the practice or use of (something). Diꞌ mu makaun in katān pagkaun siyukang sin duktul. You can’t eat any food prohibited by the doctor. Cf. lāng sukat n. That which one requests or demands, the bride price (required by the bride’s parents). Landuꞌ mataas in sukat sin maas sin babai. The woman’s parents asked an outrageously high bride price.    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un; goal -an. To express one’s wants, ask for something; ask for or name (the bride price). Sukat kaw bang unu in kabayaan mu kaunun. Say what you would like to eat. Sukata in sīn hirihil niya kaymu. Ask for the money which he is giving you. Amaꞌ in sumukat sin ungsud. The

father will be the one to name the bride price. Cf. banghad, ungsud1 , pangayuꞌ, sukut sukat kahukaw adj. Excessive dowry (intended to discourage a betrothal). In sukat kahukaw ini in hāti niya diꞌ kabayaan in usug. An excessive dowry means that the man is not wanted (i.e., not acceptable). sukay1 n. Fare (money for transportation), rent, tax. Kulang in sukay mu, Indaꞌ. Ganapi. Your fare is lacking, young lady. Add to it.    v. ag mag-, -um-; goal -an. To pay a fare, rent, or tax. Sukay kaw sin bāy ha tapus bulan. Pay the house rent at the end of the month. Sumukay aku bāy ha Manilaꞌ ampa kamu pakariun. I’ll rent a house in Manila and then send for you. Cf. bayad, buwis sukay2 v. AQ ag/goal mag-; pat -un. To look for (and kill) lice in the hair (one by one). Magsukay kita bat maīg in katul sin ū mu. Let’s look for lice so that your head will stop itching. Sukayun ku in ū mu. I’ll look for lice on your head. Cf. kutu, dunggut, sūd2 sukiꞌ n. A regular customer or purchaser. In babai yan sukiꞌ ku hangkan siya dī magpamī kajinisan. That lady is my regular customer. That’s why she comes here to buy various things.    v. AQ ag/goal mag-; pat -un. To take (someone) as a regular customer. Sukia in bagay ku Lannang dagangi tahay. Take my Chinese friend as your regular customer in your dried fish business. sukkal adj. Contrary to (one’s) desire or will. Sukkal ha atay ku in mabutas dayn kaymu. It’s contrary to my desires to be separated from you. Cf. satruꞌ sukkiꞌ1 1 n. A game like checkers (usu. played when keeping the seven-day vigil over the dead). In sukkiꞌ pagpanayamun ha pagjagahan bang awn patay. The game like checkers is played when keeping watch when someone dies. v. ag mag-; pat -un. To play this game. Magsukkiꞌ siya bang awn umatu kaniya marayaw. He will play checkers if he has someone who knows how well enough to play against him. n. pagsukkian A board on which this game is played. In pagsukkian subay hitawꞌ bang ubus na hikapitu sin pagjaga. We should put the checkerboard away after the seventh day of the vigil. Cf.: sungkaꞌ. 2 n. A prediction (based on a playing of this game [sense 1]). In sukkiꞌ sin manga maas niya bang siya makaasawa magkarayahan siya. The prediction of his parents was that when he married he would

become rich. v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To foretell (something by playing this game). Sukkiun naa sin manga kamaasan bang in guwaꞌ sin pagtiyaun sin duwa tau marayaw atawa mangiꞌ. The old folks will first foretell if the outcome of the marriage of the two people will be good or bad. sukkiꞌ2 n. A (short) bamboo water container. In habaꞌ sin sukkiꞌ hangka-lawas da patung. The length of the bamboo water container is only one section of bamboo. Cf. dagtung sukluꞌ n. Hiccup. Laung sin manga kamaasan, in hāti sin sukluꞌ sumulig pa in tau. The old people say that the meaning of a hiccup is that the person is still growing.    v. ST pat mag-, -um-; pat -un. [Does not occur with pa₂.] To have or develop hiccups. Bang in tau sukluun subay siya minum tubig atawa diꞌ siya magnapas hangka-minit. If a person gets hiccups he should drink water or hold his breath for a minute. sukmu n. A splinter (that remains in the flesh). Īgi in sukmu ha pād siki niya. Remove the splinter from the sole of his foot.    v. exp ka-…-an. To get a splinter (in one’s flesh). Kamayaꞌ kaw kasukmuhan in lima mu. Be careful, you’ll get a splinter in your hand. Cf. gituꞌ, tunuk suknaꞌ n. A spoken wish for good or (usu.) bad to happen (to someone), curse. Awn suknaꞌ pa marayaw, awn isab pa mangiꞌ. There are curses for both good and bad.    v. AR ag mag-, -um-, mang-; goal -an. To curse (someone), call imprecations upon (someone). Suknai in mundu nasaggaw. Curse the captured bandit. Siyuknaan ku siya. I cursed him. Cf. paninggad suksuk v. AQ ag/goal mag-, -um-; pat -un. To bend down or crouch under a bigger object (as a table or house), crawl under (something) to get (something). Suksuk kaw ha sawm kantil bat niya kaw diꞌ kakitaan. Bend down underneath the bed so you won’t be seen.    v. CV 1 pat hi-. To put (something) under (another bigger object). Hisuksuk niya in mital ini ha sawm lamisahan. He will put the can under the table. suku n. About one-fourth of a meter. Bī kaw duwangka-mitru iban hangka-suku. You buy two meters and one-fourth.

sukuꞌ n. Part, portion, share. Ayaw mu pagkawaa in sukuꞌ ku. Don’t take my share.    v. AQ ag/goal mag-, -um-; pat -un; goal -an. To take (something) as one’s share or part. Sukuun ku na in lupaꞌ ini kākuꞌ. I’ll take this land as my share.    v. ag mag-, -um-; goal/ben -an. To apportion, give a share or part (to someone). Sukuan ta kamu hinang bat kamu diꞌ magbintu. I’ll assign you all a share of work so there won’t be any discussion. SYN. bahagiꞌ sukud n. Luck, fortune, destiny, fate. Way sukud ku magbisnis. I don’t have luck in business. Bukun pa sukud mu matay adlaw yadtu. It was not yet your fate to die that day.    adj. masukud/sukuran Lucky, fortunate. Masukud in tau bang kumugdan siya swipstik. A man is lucky if he wins the sweepstakes.    v. ST ran -an. To be or become lucky. Sukuran kaw bang kaw makabāk sīn ha dān. You are lucky if you find money on the road. Cf. lidjikiꞌ *sukud v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To take the measurement of (something, as cloth or a board). Sukura in hawakan niya. Measure his waist.    n. sukuran Measurement, dimensions. Pila in sukuran sin habaꞌ sin lamisahan yaun? What is the length measurement of that table? Cf. tupung MEASUREMENTS OF LENGTH bakul

thumbwidth

insiꞌ

inch

pād

handbreadth

saang

end of thumb to end of

forefinger of spread hand dangaw finger of spread hand

end of thumb to end of middle

siki

foot

astaꞌ

cubit

mitru

meter

dupa

armspan

usuk batu

kilometer

sukul1 n. Three big stones (arranged to serve as a stove). In sukul diꞌ na kapagtugnaan. Mangiꞌ na. The three big stones can’t be used to cook on. They aren’t any good. Cf. dapulan, tungkuꞌ, abuhan sukul2 rel. So that. Baytaꞌ kaw bunnal sukul diꞌ kaw pagꞌamahan. Tell the truth so that you won’t be scolded. OV SYN. supaya *sukul v. ag mag-; goal pag-…-an. To thank (someone), express gratitude. Magsukul sin tabang mu kākuꞌ. Thanks for your help. Pagsukulan ku in natabang mu kāmuꞌ. I thank you for your help to us. sukut n. A demand for payment, demand from the spirits for an offering. Marayꞌ awn sukut dayn ha tampat hangkan da nasakit in anak mu. Perhaps there is a demand from the spirits and that is why your child is sick.    v. AQ ag/goal mang-, mag-, -um-; pat -un. To demand the payment of an account or debt, dun; demand an offering (spoken of spirits who manifest their demand by causing the sickness of the individual being dunned). Diꞌ sa yan magbayad sin utang niya bang mu diꞌ sukutun. He will not pay his debt if you do not dun him.    n. manunukut A collector of accounts, bill collector. Walaꞌ niya biyayaran in manunukut. He did not pay the bill collector. sulaꞌ n. A pungent or spicy odor, acrid smell. Magluhaꞌ in mata ta sin sulaꞌ sin kakanaꞌ ini. Our eyes water with the acrid smell of this fabric.    v. exp ka-…-an. (For the eyes) to water due to a pungent, spicy, or acrid smell. Kiyasulaan in mata ku sin sibuyas. My eyes are watering from the pungent smell of the onions.

   adj. masulaꞌ (Of a smell) pungent, spicy, or acrid. Masulaꞌ dakuman in hamut sin liyutuꞌ mu. The smell of what you’re cooking is really spicy. Cf. bahuꞌ1 1 sulab n. A blade (of a tool, weapon, etc.). Nagbunut sila lahing ha sulab badjaꞌ. They husked the coconut on the blade of the plow. sulabay n. A kind of indigenous confection made from flour and fried without oil.{The dough is light. Eaten with a sauce.} *sulabay v. RC ag mag-. (For people or things) to pass each other while moving in opposite directions; cross each other, intersect. Nagsulabay in jīp nila iban sin jīp iyaagaran namuꞌ. Their jeep and the jeep we were riding on passed each other. Nagsulabay in taguriꞌ nila. (The lines of) their kites crossed each other. Cf. aybuwas sulad v. TV ag mag-, -um-; goal -un. To go or climb up, ascend (as a steep mountain). Sulay kaw sulad sin būd Tumantangis. Try to climb up Mount Tumantangis. Sulara in būd Datuꞌ. Kāꞌ kaw amuꞌ. Climb up Mount Datu. Get a monkey. Cf. tukad, dāg1 1 sulag n. A piece, unit (of anything, as a strand of hair or grain of rice). Dihili ba aku hangka-sulag kātas mu yan. Give me one piece of your paper there. Kāi aku hangsulag buhuk niya. Get me a strand of her hair.    v. CH 1 ag mag-; pat -un. To divide (something) into pieces or units. Sulagun ku naa in manga buwahan ha tambusaꞌ ampa ta kamu dihilan. I’ll divide into units the lanzones in this basket first and then I’ll give you some. Siyusulag in pagdagang sin istaꞌ. The fish was sold divided into pieces (i.e., piece by piece). Cf. ulad *sulak v. ag mag-, -um-; pat hi-. To reject, deny acceptance, refuse to take, repudiate. Mangiꞌ marayaw in dumatung kaymu tabuka. Ayaw mu sulakan, amuna in sukud mu. You should accept whatever comes to you, good or bad. Don’t reject it, it is your fate. sulalla (var. suwalalla) vi. pat ma-. To be turned upside down (head down, feet up).    vt. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To turn (someone) over (so that the feet are up in the air), make (someone) fall so that his feet are up in the air. Sulallahun ku siya dayn ha taas sin lilingkuran niya. I’ll overturn

him from his chair. OV SYN. dayaꞌ sulang v. CH 1 ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To oppose, contradict, antagonize, go against. Sulang kaw tuud kaniya. Makaīg sa kān ha hinang mu. Go ahead and antagonize him! You’ll be dismissed from your job. Sulanga in bichara niya. Contradict what he says. Sulanga in hinduꞌ niya kaymu bang bukun amu. Oppose his teaching to you if it’s not true.    adj. masulang Of a contrary nature. Masulang in tau yaun. That fellow is contrary in nature. Cf. *saggaꞌ sulang-saling adj. Disarranged, in an untidy or disorderly condition, topsy-turvy. Sulang-saling in manga tamungun ha paradul mu. The clothes in your closet are topsy-turvy.    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To disarrange, do (something) topsy-turvily. Ayaw mu sulang-salinga in manga būk yan. Don’t disarrange those books. Cf. lamugut, lamugay 1, pulak-palik, sungkang-mangking sulasi n. An aromatic and pungent herb whose leaves are used for seasoning vegetable soup and boiled fish and for medicine. GENR. pamāpa (See Appendix 5: Plants) sulat n. A letter, document. Dāha in sulat ini pa Nasuli. Take this letter to Nasuli. Singuri in sulat ini. You copy this letter. Cf. kātas    v. CV 1 ag mag-, -um-; pat -un; hi-; goal -an. To write (something to someone), copy (something), write (something) down. Sulatan in bichara ku ini. Write what I say. Sulati in inaꞌ mu! You write to your mother!    n. pagsusulatan An object one writes on (a table, desk, etc.).    n. hipagsusulat What one writes with (a pen, pencil, etc.). sulay v. ag mag-, -um-; goal -an. To try, attempt, test. Sulay kaw paguy bang ta kaw yan diꞌ lubakan. Try running away and see if I don’t spank you. Sulayi bang marayaw in ubat ini kaymu. Try to see if this medicine is good for you. Sulayan sin Tuhan in īman mu. God will test your faith. sulaybus 1 v. ag mag-. For two brothers to marry two sisters. In duwa magtaymanghud nakaasawa isab pa duwa magtaymanghud. Hāti niya, nagsulaybus sila. The two brothers married the two sisters, so then they are cross in-laws. 2 v. act mag-. (For the same or similar kind of item) to be interchanged (accidently). Bang awn hinang

dakulaꞌ mahumu magsulaybus in pagꞌuliꞌ sin manga kapanyapan. If there is a big celebration, the returning of the utensils is often interchanged. OV SYN. *saliyu sulbi n. Tailbone. Marakmul in sulbi sin mangkuꞌ. The tailbone of the frigate mackerel is thick. sulgaꞌ (var. surgaꞌ) n. Heaven. Laung sin manga pakil, in manga tau lillaꞌ pa Tuhan pagpatay nila madtu sila pa sulgaꞌ. The priests say that people surrendered to God, when they die, will go to heaven. ANT. narkaꞌ suliꞌpang (var. sigpang; suligpang) n. An intersection, crossing (of roads), confluence or dividing place (of rivers). Nagdugtul in duwa trak ha suliꞌpang pa Lagasan. The two buses collided at the intersection going to Lagasan. sulig n. Growth, increase in size. Nakuil in sulig sin bataꞌ ini kaagi sin sakit niya. The growth of this child is affected by her illness.    v. ST pat mag-, -um-. To grow, increase in size, swell, rise. Butangi pasulig in apam bat sumulig. Put baking powder in the pancakes so they will rise.    adj. masulig Fast in growth. Masulig in patung tiyatanum ha daig bāy namuꞌ. The bamboo planted by our house is fast-growing. Cf. lagguꞌ 1 pasulig (derv.) n. Baking powder, yeast. sulimbang (var. sulinbang) n. A chorus, a song in which the company joins the singer. Maluhay anarun in sulimbang sin kalangan. It is easy to learn the chorus of a song. suling n. A flute, fife (usu. made of bamboo). Maluuy dungugun in suling bang malawm dūm na. The bamboo flute is pleasant to hear late at night.    v. ag mag-, -um-; goal/ben -an. To play such an instrument. Ayaw kaw kunuꞌ magsuling sabab nalilingug pa in ū ku. Don’t play the bamboo flute because my head is dizzy. Cf. kulaing, sawnay suliyab n. Flame, blaze. Simawa in hulaꞌ sin suliyab sin kāyu. The place became bright with the flame of the fire.    v. act mag-, -um-. To burst into flame. Ayaw asagi lana gās in kāyu bat diꞌ magsuliyab. Don’t pour kerosene on the fire or it will burst into flame. Cf. laga

sullit n. A loincloth (to conceal nakedness). Sullit sadja in siyusulug sin bataꞌ yaun. That child is wearing only a loincloth.    v. ag mag-, -um-. To wear a loincloth (to conceal nakedness). Nagsullit sadja in amaꞌ sin bataꞌ nagdā sin anak niya nahulug pa huspital. The father of the child was just wearing a loincloth when he was taking his son who fell to the hospital. sulsi v. AR ag mag-, -um-; goal -an. To darn a hole or tear (in cloth). Sulsihi ba in pantalun ku. Darn the hole in my pants.    n. pagsulsi Darning, manner of darning. In pagsulsi niya bukun marayaw. Her darning is not good. Cf. tupak sultan n. A king, ruler of a Muslim state. In sultan nagdaak ha manga tindug niya palanuan in paglulumbaan nila. The king commanded his men to clean the racing place.    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To rule as king, make (someone) a king. Hi Abdul in sultanun sin prisidinti. The president will make Abdul the king. sulug (gimb. suꞌlug) v. CV 1 ag mag-, -um-; pat hi-. To wear or put on (an article of clothing or an accessory, as jewelry or a watch). Sulugan in badjuꞌ mu bilu. Wear your blue dress. Cf. *pakay 1 suluhan n. A mediator, messenger, third party, go-between. Aku in suluhan sin pagsulut nila. I acted as mediator in settling their problems. Cf. daraakun daak    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To have (someone) act as a messenger, third party or a go-between; do (something) through a third party. Bang awn kabayaan mu hibaytaꞌ kāku ayaw na kaw magsuluhan. If there’s something you want to tell me, don’t do it through a third party. Ikaw in suluhanun ku bang aku mamayaꞌ-mayaꞌ ha nars yaun. I’ll have you be my go-between when I court that nurse. sulut adj. In mutual agreement or harmony with others. Sulut sila magtaymanghud. Those brothers are in accord with each other.    v. CH 1 ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To placate, pacify, conciliate, settle (a disagreement). Subay sulutun mu in asawa mu bat kamu diꞌ magkālu. You have to placate your wife so as to avoid trouble. Suluta in manga nagkālu. Pacify the quarreling parties. Cf. *ūū

sumaan adv. Sometimes. Sumaan magkari hi Ibnu pa bāy namuꞌ. Sometimes Ibnu comes to our house. Sumaan in dagat taub, sumaan hunas. Sometimes the sea water is deep, sometimes it is shallow. sumagawaꞌ (var. of sagawaꞌ) rel But. sumariya n. Investigation, interrogation, systematic inquiry.    v. AQ ag/goal mag-, -um-; pat -un. To investigate, interrogate (someone). Mari in pulis magsumariya. The policeman will come to investigate. Kunsūm sumariyahun in saksiꞌ. The witness will be interrogated tomorrow.    n. magsusumariya An interrogator, investigator. Cf. asubu, *usihat, pariksaꞌ sumayang galuraꞌ n. A (legendary) creature half bird and half man. Ha lawm sin kata-kata, diyā sin sumayang galuraꞌ in bataꞌ-bataꞌ pa taas pugaran niya. According to the story, the bird-man brought the baby to its nest. sumba 1 v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To worship, pay homage. Way dugaing sumbahun ku dayn ha Tuhan. I worship no other (gods) but God. Cf.: sambahayang. n. sumbahan A (Catholic or Protestant) church. In sumbahan sin manga Bisayaꞌ malagguꞌ. The Christian churches are big. Cf.: simba. 2 v. ag magpa-; ran pa-…-an. To cause (someone) to get sick (and die) by black magic.{The practitioner draws the form of a person on paper, writes Arabic text on the paper, and either sticks the drawing with needles or nails it into wood.} Hangkan in sakit niya yan mahunit kaulian pasal piyasumbahan siya. The reason that sickness of his is hard to cure is that he has been made ill by black magic. sumbang n. Incest, a killing between very closely related persons. In magbunuꞌ magtaymanghud sumbang. To kill one’s family is incest.    vi. ST pat ma-. To commit incest. Nasumbang hi Oedipus sabab iyasawa niya in inaꞌ niya iban piyatay niya in amaꞌ niya. Oedipus committed incest because he married his mother and killed his father. sumbat 1 v. AR ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To patch a hole (of a boat, floor, etc.; the patch must be the same shape as the hole). Magsumbat pa aku sin buslut ha bangkaꞌ ku. I’ll patch yet the hole of my outrigger canoe. Sumbat kaw sin bangkaꞌ mu supaya kapagꞌistaan. Patch the hole of your canoe so it can be

used for fishing. Sumbatan ku in higad sin bangkaꞌ nabubuslut. I’ll patch the side of the canoe which has holes in it. OV SYN. tupak 2 v. AR ag mag-, um-; ran -an. To fill (a tooth). Dintis in magsumbat sin lungag ha ipun ku. The dentist will be the one to fill the hole in my tooth. sumbayꞌ v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To slaughter (animals) for eating (by cutting the throat while uttering appropriate Arabic phrases to assure ceremonial cleanness of the animal), behead (a person). Sumbayꞌ kaw duwa sapiꞌ. Slaughter two cows. Siyumbayꞌ sin Jipun in amaꞌ niya. His father was beheaded by the Japanese.    n. siyumbayꞌ Meat (beef, etc.). Kulang in siyumbayꞌ ha tabuꞌ. There isn’t much meat at the market. Cf. patay 1 sumbing adj. Jagged, dented, notched, nicked (as of the edges of cutting tools); harelipped. Ayaw mu panghilapan mampallam in laring sumbing. Don’t slice the mango with a knife that is nicked. Sumbing in tau yan hangkan diꞌ siya magkatawa. That person is harelipped. That’s why he doesn’t laugh. (See Appendix 8: Diseases)    v. ST pat ma-. To become nicked. Masumbing in laring bang hitigbas pa batu. A knife will get nicked if you strike it on a stone. Cf. tibiꞌ sumbuhan n. A wick (as of a candle, oil lamp, or cigarette lighter). In sumbuhan sin ilaw mahabaꞌ. The lamp has a long wick. sumbung n. A report, complaint.    v. CV 2 ag mag-, -um-; pat hi-. To make a charge (about something or against someone to a person in authority), report (something). Sumbung kaw ha pulis bat kaw diꞌ nila lingugun. Report them to the police so they won’t get you into any further trouble. Hisumbung ku in tau mangiꞌ pa parinta. I’ll report that bad person to the government. Sumbungan in bataꞌ yan pa inaꞌ niya. Mangiꞌ in hinang. You report that child to his mother. His actions are bad. Cf. puhun, baytaꞌ sumil n. Unwillingness to share, give something or help others; stinginess. Sibuꞌ da in sumil niya iban inaꞌ niya. His stinginess is the same as his mother’s.    adj. masumil Unwilling to share, give something or help others. In tau masumil kulang in bagay. One

who is unwilling to help others has few friends. Cf. ikut, kuriput, paysiꞌ, *bista sumlut n. The act of complaining, expressing dislike, acting peevish. In sumlut sin bataꞌ yan pagdaakun! The complaining of that child if she is asked to help!    v. ag mag-. To express dislike, complain, grumble. Diꞌ siya magsumlut sin hinang ha bāy. She doesn’t complain about household chores.    adj. masumlut Cross and complaining, peevish, crabby. Masumlut tuud in bataꞌ. That child is really peevish. *sumpal v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To put a large amount of food (into the mouth) at once, to stuff (one’s mouth). Siyumpal ku in kakaun katān pa lawm simud ku. I stuffed all the food into my mouth. Cf. luun sumping n. A flower, blossom. Dīhilan niya aku sumping rusal hibutang ha buhuk ku. He gave me a gardenia blossom to put in my hair.    v. act mag-. To bear flowers, bloom. Hangkarayꞌ da magsumping in manga jambangan bang biyubusugan tubig adlaw-adlaw iban bang kiyasusugahan. The flowers will bloom right away if they are watered every day and if they get sunshine. sumping labanus n. A kind of hantak (indigenous confection). (See Appendix 7: Kinds of Confections Served at Special Occasions) sumpit 1 n. Squirting, spurting. Diꞌ aku makatahan umatud sin sumpit sin duguꞌ dayn ha paliꞌ niya. I can’t endure seeing the spurting of the blood from his wound. vi. act mag-, -um-. (For a liquid) to squirt, (for a gas) to escape rapidly. Makusug sumumpit in tubig ha giripu. The water is strongly squirting from the pipe. Simumpit in duguꞌ dayn ha paliꞌ niya. The blood squirted from his wound. vt. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un, hi-; ran -an. To blow (something out with force), spray (a liquid). Yaun hi Hasan nagsusumpit pinta sin pagbubutangan niya būk. Hasan is there spraying paint over his bookshelf. Sumpiti lassun in jambangan sayul mu. Spray insecticide over your vegetable garden. OV SYN.: pangsut. 2 v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To shoot (something) with a blowgun. Sumpitun ta in manuk-manuk.

We’ll shoot the bird with a blowgun. n. sumpitan An instrument used for blowing a pointed missile (bawang) with the aid of a wad of kapuk or cotton, blowgun.{Looks like the handle of a spear, long, straight, and hollow. Made of bamboo or a material with the same texture as bamboo. Has a sight at the end away from the mouth opening. Usu. wrapped securely all over with tiny rattan cords.} Maghinang kita sumpitan hipanumpit manuk-manuk. We will make a blowgun to shoot birds with. sumpiyang n. A long support or buttress (usu. bamboo, to prevent a kitchen, porch, house, or other structure from falling down).{A person who plans on hosting a social gathering supports his house with a buttress to avoid accidents when there are a lot of guests present.} In sumpiyang sin kusina nila patung bulaꞌ saꞌ bukun yaun makamdus. The buttress of their kitchen is an immature bamboo, but that is not durable.    v. AR ag mag-; ran -an. To brace (a structure with such a support). Subay sumpiyangan in pantān bat diꞌ malubu. The porch should be braced so it won’t collapse. Cf. tuku, agpang, hāg sumsum n. Bone marrow. Dī ha sumsum in duguꞌ paghinangun ha baran. It’s in the bone marrow where the blood is produced in the body. *sumu v. RC ag mag-. (For spouses or friends) to become tired of or bored with one another. Lumugay magꞌagad magsumu da sila. After being together for a long time they’ll become tired of one another.    v. ST pat -un. To become sated or satiated, become bored with or tired of (something). Siyumu aku nagkaun tinapay adlaw-adlaw. I become tired of eating bread every day. Siyumu aku nagtagad kaymu. I got tired of waiting for you.    adj. makasumu Boring, causing satiation. Makasumu magdungug sin kalangan yan. Listening to that song is boring. *suna v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To remind (someone of something, as of an account or debt to be settled, a promise or agreement previously made). Sunaha siya sin utang niya. Remind her of her debt. Cf. ungsit *sundak v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To strike upward (at something with an object), strike (at something) from below. Nagsundak aku butung kaina. I struck a young coconut upward a while back. Kabii

nasundak sin banta niya in amaun mu. Last night your uncle was hit from below by his enemy. Kimāꞌ siya patung asibiꞌ piyagsundak kapaya. He got a small bamboo to strike at the papaya up in the tree. OV SYN. *tagbak sundal n. {Vulgar} A prostitute, whore, harlot. In sundal maglawag usug bat makausaha sīn. A harlot looks for men so she can earn money.    adj. sundalan Promiscuous, behaving as a prostitute. In babai sundalan kamatauran niya nagdarā sakit. Most promiscuous women carry sickness. SYN. puta; Cf. mabais/baisan bais, bigaan/mabigaꞌ bigaꞌ sundalu (Tag.) n. A soldier, member of any branch of the armed services. In sundalu maingat tuud magmahil. The soldiers really know how to march.    v. ag mag-; pat -un (short for papag-…-un). To become a soldier, make (someone) a soldier. Bang siya maubus magꞌiskul, magsundalu siya. When he finishes schooling, he will become a soldier. sunduk n. A gravestone. In katān sin kubul awn hadja sunduk ha babaw niya. All graves have a gravestone at the top.    v. AR ag mag-; ran -an. To put a marker on (a grave). Subay sundukan in kubul yan. That grave should have a grave marker put on it. sundung adj. (Of an old person, an object), slanted, tilted. Sundung na in kusina pa lawa pasal hawpuꞌ in hāg pa lawa. The kitchen is slanted to the left because the post at the left is short.    vt. ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To tilt or slant (something). Magsundung kami sin usuk bungsud adlaw ini. We’ll slant the post of the fishtrap today.    vi. pat ma-. (For an old person or an object) to tilt or slant. Bang makusug in hangin masundung in kaniyugan. If there’s strong wind the coconut trees will slant. sunnat1 v. CH 1 ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To circumcise (by lightly scraping the clitoris). Sunnatun na in manga bataꞌ kunsūm bat sila suchi na pa Tuhan. The girls will be circumcised tomorrow so that they will be clean in God’s sight.    n. pagsunnat A ritual for female circumcision. Awn pakil babai ha pagsunnat sin manga bataꞌ babai. There are women priests at the circumcision ritual of girls. Cf. islam 2

sunnat2 1 adj. (Of a religious duty) optional, not obligatory. ANT. wajib 2 n. A short optional prayer in Arabic (performed before and/or after the ritual prayer [pagsambahayang]). In sunnat ha pagsambahayang, bukun da tuud isab wajib hinangun sagawaꞌ bang hinangun bukun da isab mangiꞌ. The optional prayer before or after the ritual prayer is not obligatory but if we do it it is not wrong. sunsang adj. (Of a fetus or baby in the womb) presenting itself with its feet at the head of the birth canal, in a breech position. Kahunitan magꞌanak in babai sunsang in bataꞌ ha lawm tiyan. A woman will have very hard labor if the baby in her womb comes out feet first. sunsun v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To tighten the weaving (of nipa or coconut-leaf shingles or woven material such as a mat or basket). Sunsun kaw sin sayrap natuꞌ. Tighten the weaving of our coconutleaf shingles.    adj. masunsun (Of a weave) very tight. Masunsun in pagꞌanyam sin baluy mu. The weaving of your mat is very tight (i.e., it’s tightly woven). suntay n. A (medium-sized) brass tray. In suntay pagluluunan pagkaun bang awn pakaradjaan. The brass tray is to put food on at a special occasion. Cf. palanggana, batunjang, talam suntuan n. A pattern, sample, model. Maingat aku magtahiꞌ badjuꞌ bang awn suntuan. I know how to sew dresses if I have a pattern. OV SYN. sugu; Cf. pilihan suntuk n. A blow (as with the hand or fist). In suntuk niya kākuꞌ landuꞌ masakit. His blow really hurt me.    v. CH 1 ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To box or sock (someone), hit (someone) with one’s fist. Suntuka siya ha taynga. Box him on his ears. Masuntuk ta kaw bang kaw diꞌ humundung magbichara. I’ll sock you if you don’t stop talking. Cf. *dukduk *sunuꞌ 1 v. ag mag-, -um-. To be the next one that follows, come next. Siya in sumunuꞌ kākuꞌ. She comes next to me. Pagꞌīg sin Kastilaꞌ simunuꞌ in Milikan. After the Spaniards left the Americans came next. adv. rdp. In continued succession, one right after the other. Sunuꞌ-sunuꞌ nagdatung in manga bisita. The visitors came in one after the other.

v. rdp. act mag-. To come in succession, come one after another. Magsunuꞌ-sunuꞌ in kasusahan dumatung kanila. Their troubles come one after the other. SYN.: sunud. 2 v. ag mag-; goal -an. To add more (of something, esp. after what was there has been consumed). Sunui naa in kaunun nila. Give them more rice. Ayaw na sunui in kasusahan niya. Don’t add any more to her trouble. OV SYN. dugang, ganap sunud v. ag mag-, -um-; goal -un. To be the next, follow (in succession), stay right behind (something). Sunud kaw kaniya. You follow him. Hisiyu in sumunud magbassa? Who will be the next to read? Sunurun ku sadja in maas yaun sampay pa lawm daira. I’ll stay right behind that old man as far as the town. OV SYN. urul    adj. magsunud Adjoining each other, in succession. Ha manga anak niya hi Johnny kay Jeannie in magsunud. Of his children Johnny and Jeannie are the ones who are in succession (i.e., next to each other in age).    v. rdp. act mag-. To come in continuous waves or succession, one right after the other. Magsunudsunud in kasusahan dimatung kaniya. His troubles came one after the other. SYN. *sunuꞌ 1 sunug n. A burned area, a fire. Malagguꞌ tuud in sunug bat naubus in ha lawm Tiyanggi. The fire was really big because it burned up Jolo town. Bahuꞌ sunug in hinang mu pagkaun. Your cooking has the smell of a fire (i.e., smells burned).    adj. Burned. Sunug in tiyugnaꞌ. The rice is burned.    vt. CH 1 ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To burn (something). Ayaw mu sunuga in kātas yan. Don’t burn those papers.    vi. ST pat ma-. To be burned. Masunug in lima ta bang kita kumamput pa kurinti. Our hands will be burned if we touch a live electric wire. Cf. daꞌpug, angpud, tutung sūnun n. Occasionally. Sūnun magkadtu kami pa bāy nila. Occasionally we go to their house. OV SYN. masuhul *suhul sūng 1.1 v. ag -um-, mag-; ran -an. To go, head or move (toward a place), come near. Sūng mu yan pakain? Where are you headed/off to? Sūng kaw madtu bat siya makalingkud. Move over so she can sit. Sūng kaw mari kākuꞌ. Come closer to me. Pasūnga in bangkuꞌ yan pa unahan. Move that chair up front. Diꞌ mabayaꞌ in sundalu sūngan minsan hisiyu. The soldier doesn’t want anybody to come near.

Cf. harap 1, tudju 1, sibug sūng-sibug (comp.) v. To move to and fro. 1.2 n. susūngun Future. Ha susūngun maabut kawhaan pilak in hangka-kilu bugas. In the future a kilo of rice will reach twenty pesos. n. kasūngan Prospects, future, potential condition (of something), progress to be made; outcome. In tau lisuan way kasūngan niya. A lazy person makes no progress (in life). adv. At the point of, on the verge of, nearly, about to. Sūng ta kaw tawagun. I was about to call you. Sūng na siya timbakun sin pulis. The policeman was at the point of shooting him. Cf.: apit, ambayaꞌ, agun. 2 v. act -um-. To increase in amount, degree or intensity. Simūng in sakit niya. Her sickness is becoming serious. Sumūng in halgaꞌ sin bugas. The price of rice will increase. Simūng na in lasa niya ha bataꞌ. Her love for the child has deepened. Sumūng in lingkat mu bang marayaw in panamung-tamung mu. Your beauty will increase (i.e., be enhanced) if you’re dressed well. Simūng in pagbisnis niya. His business is expanding. Magsusūng in kalingugan sin hulaꞌ ta. The trouble in our country is increasing. Cf. taud, duhun, lagguꞌ 1 sūng-sibug 1 v. ag mag-, -um-. (For people, animals, squid, etc.) to move to and fro. Ayaw kaw magsūngsibug duun ha yan bat mu aku diꞌ kagiikan. Don’t move to and fro or else you will step on me. 2 v. act mag-. (For one’s thinking) to be undecided, vacillate. Nagsūng-sibug in pikilan niya mamī bāy. He was undecided about buying a house. *sunga v. CV 1 ag mag-, -um-; pat hi-; ran -an. To blow or clean (the nose). Sungahan in sippun mu. Blow your nose. Kasungahan ku sadja in sumping ha tandawan. I’ll just blow my nose onto the flowers in the window. sungab n. A cave. Ha sarsila sin manga kamaasan, mataud kabaakan altaꞌ ha sungab sin būd Dahuꞌ. In the stories of the older people there is much wealth to be found in the caves of Mount Dahuꞌ. sungad 1.1 n. The snout (of a pig, rat, etc.), long mouth (of a fish). In sungad babuy makabugaꞌ aturun. A pig’s snout is fearful to look at. 1.2 n. {Vulgar} (A person’s) mouth. 2 adj. sungaran Talkative (esp. one who reveals secrets or gossips, thus causing people to quarrel).

Sungaran isab in babai ini. This woman is talkative. Cf. masimud/simuran simud 2 sungaw (var. of singaw) n A leak of air. sunggu-sunggu n. A nosebleed, nasal hemorrhage. In sunggu-sunggu sin bataꞌ landuꞌ matigdaꞌ. The child’s nosebleed was very profuse.    v. act mag-. For the nose to bleed. Magsunggu-sunggu kaw kunuꞌ bang kaw kumaun sin istaꞌ yan. They say your nose will bleed if you eat that fish.    v. ST pat -un. To be afflicted with nosebleed. Awn tau bang kasugahan landuꞌ sunggu-sungguhun. There are people who get severe nosebleeds if they are in the sun too long. sungit v. ag mag-, -um-; pat hi-; ran -an. To put (food) into (one’s or someone’s) mouth (either by hand or with a spoon), feed (someone). Sungit kaw kaunun. Put rice into your mouth. Sungiti mistang in bataꞌ. Feed the child gruel. OV SYN. kaun 1 sungka n. Rosin (for violin bows). In sungka pagꞌusalun hipagpahid ha gugutgut sin biyula. Rosin is used for spreading on the bow of a violin. sungkaꞌ n. An indoor game (usu. played by two people) on a wooden block (shaped like a boat and having shallow holes along the sides where shells, pebbles, or any counters are dropped by each player). In sungkaꞌ hambuuk panayam-nayam sin kamaasan. Sungkaꞌ is a game from olden times. Matagi in manga bataꞌ magpanayam sungkaꞌ. The children are fond of playing the indoor game on a wooden block.    v. ag mag-. To play such a game. Mabayaꞌ magsungkaꞌ in manga bataꞌ. The children want to play the indoor game on a wooden block. sungkang-mangking adj. Topsy-turvy. Sungkang-mangking in lawm bilik niya. The inside of her room is all topsy-turvy. SYN. gumun-buta/gumun-liluꞌ comp. gumun sungkit v. ag mag-, mang-, -um-; pat -un. To pick (something unreachable with the arm, esp. fruit) with a stick (or similar object). Magsungkit kitaniyu buwahan ha kabbun niyu. Let’s pick lanzones with a pole on your land. Sungkitun ku muna in biyabas yan ampa kita manaw. I’ll pick that guava with a pole first, then we will go. Sungkitan ku hi Indaꞌ mampallam hinug. I’ll pick sweet mangoes for Inda

with a pole.    n. susungkit A stick used for picking something. Cf. *kuhit sungngiꞌ (var. singngiꞌ) v. ag mag-; goal -an. To whine (to someone), approach (someone) in a tearless crying manner (in order to complain, demand something or gain love and sympathy).{Esp. practiced by children.} Pasungngiun ku siya muna ampa ku dihilan sīn. I’ll make him whine first before I give him money. Sungngian niya sadja in inaꞌ niya bang awn kabayaan niya bīhun. She always whines to her mother when there’s something she wants to buy. Sungsung n. China. Mataud tau Sungsung naghuhulaꞌ dī ha Pilipinas. There are so many people from China living in the Philippines. In manga Lannang dī bang maas na mabayaꞌ na muwiꞌ pa Sungsung. The Chinese here when they are already old they want to go home to China. sungut n. Asthma. Bang awn sungut sin tau mahunit siya makanapas. If a person has asthma, it is hard to breathe.    v. pat -un. [Does not occur with pa₂.] To contract or be afflicted with asthma. Siyusungut in bataꞌ hangkan diꞌ siya manjari hapusun. The child is afflicted with asthma; that’s why she can’t do strenuous things. Cf. hapus-napas sūpa n. A unit of dry measure (of cereal grains [as rice] varying from very small up to about 1/4 of a gantang), cup, chupa. Tugnaꞌ kaw duwangka-sūpa bugas. You cook two cups of rice.    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To measure (grains) by cup units. Sūpahun ta kaymu in pūtan. I’ll measure the sticky rice for you by cups.    n. sūpahan Any container used as a measurement for this measure. Mital gatas in sūpahan nila. A milk can is their cup measure. OV SYN. pansing 1; Cf. gantang; GENR. tupungan tupung supaꞌ v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To chew or masticate (something). Supaa marayaw in kakaun mu. Chew your food very well. Mahunit supaun bang in sapiꞌ matugas. If the beef is tough it’s hard to chew. Hipagsupaꞌ ku in ipun ha duhul. I’ll use my front teeth for chewing. supan n. {Rare} Respect, dignity, modesty. In supan sin hambuuk tau diꞌ mabī sin pilak. The respect of a person can’t be bought by money. Sabab sin supan ha tau yaun, walaꞌ niya tiyaykuran in hulaꞌ niya minsan pa kamatay. Because of the dignity in that person, he did not betray his country even until

death. Cf. martabbat supaya rel. In order that, so that. Dihili aku hangibu pilak supaya diꞌ ku hibaytaꞌ in kabunnalan. Give me a thousand pesos so that I won’t tell the truth. Cf. sukul2 suplit n. Yaws (on the soles of the feet or between the toes). Pakitaan pa duktur in suplit ha siki mu. Show the doctor the yaws on your feet. Cf. upāng (See Appendix 8: Diseases) supluꞌ v. ag mag-, -um-; pat hi-; ran -an. To insert (an object into a hole just large enough or fitted for it). Supluan in bungbung utak ini pa pūhan niya. Insert the shank of this bolo into its handle. Cf. luun, sūd1 1.1 suppak n. Punishment, repayment (of a perceived wrong) by behavior in kind (e.g., neglecting, abandoning or disregarding someone).{Among the family, the purpose is to make the offender realize his mistake.} In kajīl kaniya yan hambuuk sa yan suppak sin inaꞌ niya ha pasal sin kasāan niya nakalanduꞌ. His imprisonment is a punishment by his mother for the grievous mistake he has committed. In suppak sin bataꞌ malangug, mawmu kasakitan. The punishment for a naughty child is that he often gets hurt.    v. ag mag-, -um-; goal -an. To repay (in kind for a bad deed done to someone), punish (someone for a perceived wrong done). In anak niya mangiꞌ kasuddahan suppakan niya diꞌ pakaunun. She punishes her bad-natured child by not feeding him. In hinang mangiꞌ suppakan pa mangiꞌ, in hinang marayaw tungbasan pa marayaw. Bad deeds are repaid with bad, and good deeds are rewarded with good. Siyuppakan siya sin maas niya sabab diꞌ siya kapagkaagihan. He was punished by his parents because he is hard to control. Cf. tungbas *suppul vi. pat ma-. (For the mouth) to be or become full (of something); (for a jeepney, a room) to be crowded, dense, stuffy. Nasuppul sin kakaun in simud niya. His mouth is full of food. Cf. hipuꞌ    vt. ag mag-; pat -un, hi-; ran -an. To stuff (something into something else). Maytaꞌ mu isab siyuppulan sin dagmay mu in malita ku? Why did you stuff your rags into my suitcase? Cf. dasuk supsup 1 v. CH 1 ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To suck (something, as fruit, candy, ice); place something on the mouth and draw it in (as of sucking thumb or pencil). Supsupa naa in kindi mu ampa kaw kumaun. Suck (i.e., finish) your candy first, then have your meal. Cf. lutlut

2 n. manunupsup One who takes advantage of another, moocher. Manunupsup altaꞌ in taymanghud ku. My brother is a moocher. supsup butuꞌ (idiom) v. To flatter and fawn upon someone ingratiatingly so as to obtain one’s interest (lit. to suck the scrotum). Maingat siya magsupsup butuꞌ sin piyaghinangan niya. He knows how to flatter his employer. supu n. Resemblance, similarity. Supu niya pa amaꞌ niya Milikan marayaw usug. His resemblance is to his good-looking American father.    vi. act mag-, -um-. [Sometimes unaffixed.] To take after (someone), act or look like (someone). Simupu tuud in dagbus niya pa amaꞌ niya. He really looks like his father. Supu siya kaymu. He resembles you.    vt. goal -un. To be like, do like, or act like (someone else); copy. Supuhun niya da isab in addat sin apuꞌ niya. She will copy her grandmother’s behavior.    n. siyupuhan One who is taken after. In siyupuhan sin addat niya amu na in inaꞌ. The one that he takes after in his behavior is his mother.    n. supuhanan An inherited character trait. In supuhanan nila mataas in dāhan. Their family trait is that they speak as if they were of high rank. suput n. A paper bag. Kadtu kaw bī suput. Go and buy a paper bag. Cf. puyuꞌ *surang v. AR ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To point (a weapon) at (someone). Surangi sin sinapang in manga tau yaun. Point your rifle at those people. Cf. anghaꞌ suratan n. Fate (pertaining to marriage). Marayꞌ suratan mu siya in maasawa mu. Perhaps it’s your fate to marry her. Cf. sukud, kadar patay in suratan (idiom) n. Destined to be unmarried (lit. fate is dead). surban n. A turban used by hadjis.    v. ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To wear a turban, put a turban on (someone). Bihaun diꞌ na magsurban in kaibanan hadjiꞌ. Nowadays some hadjis don’t wear a turban any more. Cf. saruk, kuppiya surgaꞌ (var. of sulgaꞌ) n Heaven.

surindil (Eng.) v. ag mag-, -um-; goal -an. To surrender, surrender (something). Ha waktu sin kasigpitan mataud mundu nagsurindil pa parinta sin almas nila. Lots of outlaws surrendered their arms to the government during hard times. Cf. lillaꞌ, jaid suruꞌ n. A spoon. Nahulug pa lantay in suruꞌ. The spoon fell to the floor.    v. AR ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To feed (someone) with a spoon. Subay mu suruan in bataꞌ-bataꞌ mistang. You have to spoon-feed the baby some gruel.    v. pat -un. To take or eat (something) with a spoon. Subay suruun bang magkaun biyugbug. When one eats porridge it must be eaten with a spoon. suruk v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To poke (someone) with one’s finger. Surukun ku siya dūm ini dayn ha babaꞌ kublaan sa yan. Tonight I will poke him from below with my finger and he will be startled. Siyuruk niya aku kabii hangkan sa nakasilawak na aku. He poked me with his finger last night, that’s why I screamed. Cf. *sundak suruy n. A vendor, peddler. Mataud suruy maglabay ha kabāy-bāyan. There are so many peddlers passing by houses.    v. TV ag mag-, -um-; goal -un. To walk around (from house to house or place to place), peddle (something). Magsuruy pa aku juwalan ha supaya maubus in dagangan. I’ll peddle these fried bananas so that they will be sold out. Suruyun ku in katilibut sin Sambuwangan. I’ll go around all of Zamboanga.    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat hi-. To sell (something) by peddling. Hisuruy ku kaymu in pasung yan. I’ll peddle that cone-shaped confection for you. OV SYN. *lunsul susa adj. Sad, worried. Susa tuud aku sin manga anak ku ha Manilaꞌ. I’m really worried about my children in Manila.    vi. ST pat -um-, mag-, ma-. To be or become sad, worried. Ayaw kaw masusa. Tabangun ta kaw. Don’t be worried. I’ll help you.    vt. CH 1 pat -un. To trouble (someone), cause (someone) to be troubled or worried. Susahun ku sila sin gastu ku, salugay ku dī ha Tiyanggi. I’ll trouble them for my expenses as long as I am here in Jolo town. Ayaw pasusaha in bataꞌ. Don’t trouble the child.

   n. kasusahan Sorrow, sadness, a problem causing sadness. sussi (var. of suchi) adj Holy, pure, morally clean. sussuk1 n. A carat, (measurement used in weighing gold and gems. One hundred sussuk equal one kumpul). In halgaꞌ sin hangka-sussuk bihayaun kawhaan tagꞌupat pilak na. The cost of one carat now is twenty-four pesos.    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To weigh by carats. Bang kaw mamī bulawan subay sussukun. If you buy gold it should be weighed by carats. Cf. kumpul 3 sussuk2 n. {Archaic} A key (to a lock). In sussuk sin baul ku tiyatawꞌ ku ha lawm sin ūan ku. The key to my chest I keep inside my pillow. OV SYN. kunsiꞌ susuꞌ adj. More so. Susuꞌ pa bang aku natarasaw, ampa aku diꞌ makabī istaꞌ. More so, if I were late, I could not buy fish. Susuꞌ pa bang mataud sīn ku, ampa aku diꞌ makabī mataud baluy. More so, if I had much money, I could buy many mats. OV SYN. lubaꞌ; Cf. labi *susuꞌ v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un; ran -an. [No difference in meaning between -un and -an.] To shave off a bit of the eyebrows (to a desired thickness and shape for a special occasion). In babai magsusuꞌ sin kilay nila. Girls shave their eyebrows. Susuun in kilay ku ampa itumun sin buling lahing. My eyebrows will be shaved and then blackened with coconut charcoal. Susui in kilay mu bat kaw lumingkat. Shave your eyebrows so that you will be more beautiful. Cf. bagung susul v. TV ag mag-, -um-; goal -un; ran pag-…-an. To walk along (the beach), sail along the offing or offshore, follow the coast. Susul kaw ha higad buhangin maglāg bagguꞌ. Walk along the beach to look for some cowries.    n. susulan Deep water just off the shore, the offing, outline or contour of a shore; beach. Naglayag sila ha susulan Tawi-Tawi. They sailed in the deep just off the shore of Tawi-Tawi. susun1 1 n. Regret, repentance. Wayruun susun ha unahan, ha ulihan sadja. There is no regret before, only after. v. ag mag-, -um-; ran pag-…-an, ka-…-an. To regret, repent. Ayaw na kaw magꞌūs-ꞌūs magꞌasawa. Gana-gana magsusun kaw. Don’t be in a hurry to get married, you might regret it. Sumusun kaw

bang kaw diꞌ magad kākuꞌ bihaun. You will regret it if you don’t go with me now. Ha lawm sakit mayan siya piyagsusunan niya na in hinang niya mangiꞌ. When he was sick he regretted his evil deeds. Cf.: tawbat. 2 v. ag mag-, -um-; ran pag-…-an, ka-…-an. To blame (someone). Pagsusunan aku sin inaꞌ hi Indaꞌ bang ku siya pasāran. I’ll be blamed by Girlie’s mother if I neglect her. susun2 v. CH 1 ag mag-; pat -un. To arrange in rows (as chairs, plants in a garden, or goods on the counter). Subay susunun in manga sīya ini. We have to arrange these chairs in rows. Nasususun na in manga sayul ha lamisahan. The vegetables on the table are already arranged in rows. Cf. abay susūngun (from CV rdp. + sūng + -un) n. Future, the time yet to come. Subay kaw magtawꞌ sīn para ha susūngun. You should save money for the future. Cf. kasūngan sūng 1.2 sutlaꞌ n. Silk. In kakanaꞌ sutlaꞌ marayaw hinangun sablay. Silk cloth is nice for making a Malaysian blouse. *sutsut v. ag mag-, -um-, mang-; goal -an. To hiss or make a sibilant sound of ssst! (as in calling someone or urging silence). Sutsuti in manga bataꞌ bat diꞌ maghibuk. Hiss at the children so they won’t make a noise. suuk n. Proximity, nearness. In suuk sin iskul pa bāy namuꞌ hangka-batu da. The nearness of the school to our house is only one kilometer.    v. TV ag mag-, -um-; goal -un, ka-…-an. To come nearer to or approach (something). Suuk kaw mari kākuꞌ. Come nearer to me. Magsusuuk in timbak yan. The sound of the shooting is getting nearer and nearer. Suukun ta kunuꞌ in tau nagtitindug yaun. Let’s approach that fellow standing over there. Ayaw siya pasuuka mariꞌ kākuꞌ. Don’t let her come nearer to me.    adj. masuuk Near. Masuuk in bāy nila pa tabuꞌ. Their house is near the market. Cf. daig 1    adv. masuuk Soon, near. Masuuk na siya dumatung. She’ll soon arrive. OV SYN. marayꞌ *dayꞌ suul 1 adj. masuul Constipated, having stomach pain before and/or while defecating. Masuul in pagꞌintaw niya. His defecation is constipated. adj. makasuul Constipating. Makasuul in magkaun bigi biyabas. Eating guava seeds is constipating. 2 n. Feces (spoken in anger). Kansiyu suul in nakanat dī ha ini? Whose feces has been scattered here?

v. ag mag-. To defecate (spoken in anger). “Suul na kaw,” laung sin inaꞌ ha anak. “Defecate now,” said the mother to the child. suut v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un, pag-…-un. (For two or more people or things) to occupy the same space (e.g., two or more people sleeping in the same sarong or blanket, two or more pieces of clothing on the same hanger). Magsuut na kita matūg ha hambuuk manta. Let’s occupy the same space sleeping in one blanket. Papagsuutun ku na in manga badjuꞌ ha hambuuk hangir. I’ll make the shirts occupy the same space on one hanger. kambal suut (comp.) n. Siamese twins. suwaꞌ gadja 1 n. The pomelo tree. Citrus maxima (See Appendix 5: Plants) 2 n. Pomelo fruit. Subay diꞌ palian in suwaꞌ gadja bang magpais bat diꞌ humarat in nanam. You must not slice the meat of the pomelo while peeling so that the taste will not become acrid. suwak [Chiefly gimb.]n. Enjoyment or preferential liking (for a particular food). In suwak niya magkaun tihiꞌ-tihiꞌ makainu-inu. His enjoyment for eating sea urchins is impressive.    v. ag -um-; ran ka-…-an. To have a special liking (for something), enjoy eating (something). Diꞌ aku makasuwak tuud dūyan. I don’t really enjoy eating durian. Kasuwakan ku in piyanggang manuk. I especially like roasted chicken. Cf. sūb, tagi suwalalla (var. of sulalla) v To turn (someone) or be turned upside down (head down, feet up). suwara n. The sound of a voice, voice; a word, message. In suwara sin magluluguꞌ landuꞌ maluuy. The voice of those singing is very sweet to hear. Hambuuk suwara sin Allahu Taala subay maglasa-liyasahi iban sin pagkahi mānusiyaꞌ. One word of Allah is that we and our fellowmen should love each other.    v. ag mag-; pat hi-; goal -an. To announce, proclaim (something to someone). Nagsuwara in radiyu kaina, subay in tau tagama sadja tagnaan adlaw ini. The radio announced that people should be ready beginning today. Cf. tingug *suwat v. CH 1 ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To turn over (soil with a bolo, to be able to remove weeds easily or to aerate it). Subay suwatun in lupaꞌ supaya maīg in sagbut. The soil should be turned over so that the weeds can be removed.    v. AR ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To weed (an area in this manner). Suwati in uma natuꞌ. Weed our rice

field.    n. pagsuwat Weeding, manner of weeding. Cf. hublut, *lapa suwit n. A small china saucer, tiny plate used for special occasions. Mataud bangbang liyuun ha suwit sin pagtiyaun namuꞌ. Lots of cookies were put on china saucers at our wedding. Cf. tapak suyaꞌ n. Liquid (spit up by a baby).    v. ag mag-; pat hi-; ran -an. To spit up (usu. of a baby). Nagsuyaꞌ in bataꞌ-bataꞌ pagꞌubus dimuruꞌ gatas. The baby spit up after sucking the milk. Siyuyaan sin bataꞌ in daghal sin inaꞌ niya. The baby spit up on its mother’s chest. Cf. luraꞌ suysuy n. Rumor, hearsay, reports not based on definite knowledge, general conversation. Ayaw kaw magdungug sin manga suysuy yan. Don’t pay attention to hearsay.    v. CV 2 ag mag-, -um-; pat hi-; goal -an. To tell, report a rumor, converse on general subjects; give an account of or story about (something). Suysuy kaw sin pagbunuꞌ ha Tapul. Give us an account of the fighting on Tapul. Cf. habal, baytaꞌ, isturi

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Tausug-English Dictionary: Kabtangan Iban Maana

Tausug - English a

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t ta 1 pron. (Speaker-hearer sg. non-focused subject and possessor pron.) we (you [sg.] and I); our (my and your [sg.]). Hinangun ta in mahinang ta. We (you and I) will do what we can. Subay marayaw in kaagi ta bang kita maghinang unu-unu na. Our way (of working) should be good when we do something. 2 pron. [Non-focused first person subject pron. (used only when kaw or kamu is the focused item).] I. Baytaan ta kaw sin kabunnalan. I will tell you the truth. taꞌ adv. I wonder (softens the tone of a question). Hain taꞌ in bāy hi Bahaya dī? Where is Bahaya’s house here, I wonder?

taꞌbang n. Insipidity, tastelessness, flatness. Saliꞌ da in taꞌbang sin tubig dī iban ha Sūg. The flatness of the water here and on Jolo is the same.    adj. mataꞌbang Insipid, tasteless (as of water). Mataꞌbang in tubig. Water is tasteless. *taꞌga (var. tagga) v. ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To control, curb, restrain, restrict (one’s or someone appetite, lust, desire, or impulse). Ayaw kaw magtaꞌga ha tau bang mabayaꞌ na mīg. Don’t restrain a person if she wants to get out. Wayruun makataꞌga kākuꞌ sin kabayaan ku hinangun. No one can restrain me from doing what I want. Taꞌgahan ku siya kalu-kalu mabayaꞌ magpabīn. I’ll try to restrain her, she might want to stay. Taꞌgahi in bayaꞌ mu magsiga. Curb your desire to smoke. Cf. paꞌgang, hawid, lāng taꞌgu (var. taggu) adj. mataꞌgu (Of cloth) durable, strong; (of people) strong, hardy. taꞌkisa n. The day before yesterday. Taꞌkisa pa siya dimatung. He already arrived the day before yesterday. Cf. kuꞌnisa taꞌping n. Jaw. Masūb siya magkaun sin unud ha taꞌping sin istaꞌ. He enjoys eating the meat on the jaw of the fish.    adj. taꞌpingan Having a heavy prominent jaw. Taꞌpingan in tau yaun. That fellow has a heavy, prominent jaw. tāꞌtāꞌ (var. of taddaꞌ) n An introductory melody played on a bamboo xylophone. taabbil 1 n. A book (written in Arabic) used as a guide to give and interpret meaning of a dream, season, eclipse, etc.{Very rare and usu. handed from generation to another. Can be read only by a priest and those who can read Arabic.} 2 n. An interpretation, explanation (of a dream, earthquake, eclipse, etc.). v. ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. (For someone) to interpret the meaning (of a dream or phenomenon). Subay taabbilan marayaw in linug ha Manila. The meaning of the earthquake in Manila should be interpreted well. OV SYN.: taawil. *taabbit v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To invite (someone to a party, meeting, feast, commencement exercises, usu. to take part in some way in the celebration). Nataabbit aku humadil sin miting kunsūm.

I was invited to attend the meeting tomorrow. Cf. imbayt, abi-abi, sabi taalluk v. ag -um-, mag-; ran -an. To bow in submission (to someone, esp. to the Sultan in olden times); surrender, yield (to someone); (for an offender) to appear before (the offended) to apologize or ask forgiveness.{The offender strongly promises not to repeat the offense. If he does he will be subjected to punishment. E.g., if a husband commits an offense against his wife, he must apologize (taalluk) to her parents. If he ever repeats the offense, it is grounds for the parents-in-law to separate the couple.} Bang kaw diꞌ tumaalluk pa sultan, tantu punggutan in ū mu. If you don’t bow in submission to the king, surely you’ll be beheaded. Cf. surindil, jaid, lillaꞌ taas 1 n. Height, altitude, loftiness (of physical objects); height (of prices or fees, pitch of a voice, degree of education); top, upper part (of something, such as upstairs). Biyaꞌdiin in taas sin kahuy kiyahulugan sin bataꞌ? How high was the tree from which the child fell? Butangan ha taas sin lamisahan in būk. Place the book on top of the table. Yadtu sila nagbissara ha taas. They are talking upstairs. Cf.: lanjang, habaꞌ 1. vi. ST pat mag-, -um-. (For physical objects, prices or fees, the pitch of a voice) to become high or higher. Magtataas in bayad sin iskul tahun-tahun. School fees are getting higher each year. Hisiyusiyu in diꞌ mabayaꞌ, pataasun in lima niya. Those who are not in favor may raise their hands. Piyataas niya in tingug niya. She raised her voice. vt. ran -an. To raise (the height of an object, prices or fees, the pitch of a voice). Taasan ta in lamisahan supaya matanam pagsulatan. Let’s raise the table so that it will be comfortable for writing on. Subay taasan in halgaꞌ sin bugas. The price of rice should be raised. adj. mataas (Of physical objects, prices or fees, pitch of a voice, degree of education) high. Mataas in halgaꞌ sin pannyagaan bihaun. The prices of commodities now are high. Mataas in pangadjiꞌ sin amaꞌ niya. His father is highly educated. 2 n. Eminence, greatness (as of one’s personality), nobility; highness (of position or office). vt. pat -un. To hold (something) in high regard. Subay ta taasun in ngān sin gubnul. We should hold the name of the governor in high regard. adj. mataas (Of personality) eminent, great; (of rank or position) high. Mataas in hinang niya ha upis. He’s holding a high position in the office. 3 v. rdp. ag mag-. To act proudly, haughtily. Bukun marayaw in magtaas-taas iban pagkahi ta. It’s not

good to act proudly towards our fellowmen. taas atay n. [Usu. with sin.] Snobbery and aloofness, pride. In taas sin atay niya, bang tau miskin mamisita pa bāy nila, diꞌ niya saginahun. His pride (is such) that if poor people visit their house, he doesn’t welcome them.    adj. mataas atay Snobbish and aloof, proud. Diꞌ aku magbagay ha tau mataas atay. I don’t befriend a proud person. (See atay for table.) taat n. (One’s) good works in obedience to God’s law, the worship of God (according to one’s religious belief [also pagtaat]). In puasa hambuuk taat sin bangsa muslimin. Fasting is one of the good works of a Muslim in obedience to God’s law. Taat in hikasūd ta surgaꞌ. It is obedience to God’s law that allows us to enter heaven. In pagtaat pa Tuhan kiyawajib ha mānusiyaꞌ katān. The worship of God is obligatory for all people.    v. ag mag-, -um-; goal pag-…-an. To do such good works to follow God’s commandments, worship God (according to one’s religion). Magtaat kitaniyu katāntan, ha supaya kita kaulungan sin Tuhan. Let us all do good works so that God will pity us. Bang kaw magtaat pa Tuhan subay agad dayn ha lawm atay mu. If you worship God it should come from your heart. Pagtaat kaw pa Tuhan mu bat kaw matay ha kasannyangan. Follow the commandments of God so that you will die in peace. Subay Tuhan in pagtaatan ta. It should be God that we do good works for. OV SYN. ibādat2; Cf. agama taawil v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To interpret (a dream, a twitch or itch of some part of the body, or speech). Maingat hi apuꞌ maas magtaawil tagainup. Old granny knows how to interpret dreams. Tiyaawil in tagainup biyaytaꞌ. He interpreted the dream narrated. In bichara pa marayaw subay diꞌ taawilun pa mangiꞌ. Good advice must not be interpreted in a wrong way.    v. ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To give a meaning (to an unusual occurrence such as a black butterfly’s flying into the house). Bang awn manuk-manuk sumūd pa lawm bāy subay pagtaawilan ha tau maingat. If a bird enters the house we should have a knowledgeable person give the meaning (of it). OV SYN. taabbil 1 taayun adj. In agreement or harmony. Bukun taayun in pikilan namuꞌ. Our thoughts are not in harmony.    v. ag mag-; ran -an. To come to an agreement, agree. Bang kamu diꞌ magtaayun diꞌ kitaniyu makalanjal tumulak. If you don’t come to an agreement we can’t proceed with our trip. Subay mu

taayunan in bichara niya. You should agree with what he says. Papagtaayunun ku in manga tau ha pangdaig ku sin wajib magjaga bang dūm. I will have my neighbors agree that we must have a guard at night. tabaꞌ (Tag.) adj. Stout, fat. In tau tabaꞌ makusug kumaun. A stout person eats so much. Cf. tambuk tabak n. A single-legged (brass, silver, or [in folktales] gold) tray (esp. used for royalty). In tabak amu in pagbutangan kakaun ha sultan atawa datuꞌ. The single-legged tray is what the king’s or datuꞌs food is placed on. Cf. batunjang, palanggana, suntay tabakuꞌ n. Tobacco, compressed tobacco leaf (an ingredient of the betel nut chew). Bī kaw tabakuꞌ hipagmamaꞌ hi apuꞌ mu. Buy some compressed tobacco leaves for your grandfather to use in betel nut chewing.    v. ag mag-. To rub a morsel of compressed tobacco leaf on the teeth while chewing a betel nut chew. Subay na ubus supaun in mamaꞌ ampa magtabakuꞌ. It should be after you finish chewing the betel that you rub tobacco on your teeth.    v. pat -un. To use (something) as tobacco leaf. Tabakuun ku na in tabakuꞌ diyarā mu dayn ha Pangutaran. I’ll use the tobacco you brought from Pangutaran as tobacco leaf. Cf. mamaꞌ taban v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To capture (property), loot, plunder; (usu. for many people) to strive to get a share (of something). In manga tau nagtaban sin pangaltaꞌ ha sunug. The people were looting during the fire. Mataud nataban pagsunug sin daira. Many things were looted when the town was burned. OV SYN. agaw 1    n. tatabanan Booty, loot. tabang n. Help, aid, assistance (both material and personal). Unu in tabang hikarihil ha manga paguy ini? What help can we give these evacuees?    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un; goal -an. [With -un, the focused item is a problem; with -an, it is a physical task.] To help, give aid, assistance (to someone). Tabangi aku magdakdak. Help me wash these clothes.    v. ag mikitabang/magpatabang To ask for help, aid, or assistance (from someone). Magpatabang aku kaniya maglawag hinang. I am asking his help in looking for work. OV SYN. tulung 1

tabarruꞌ n. An act of spoiling one’s ambition or ruining one’s interest (by such an act as murder, selling the family property, or sailing to a distant place).    v. ag mag-; goal pag-…-an. To ruin one’s interest or spoil one’s ambition (by an act such as one of the above). Nagtabarruꞌ siya madtu pa Davao sabab piyagbī hi amaꞌ niya in lupaꞌ. He ruined his own interest by going to Davao because his father sold the land. Cf. juruꞌ, maadjul    v. ST pat ma-. To be useless, serve no purpose. Natabarruꞌ na in radiyu niya didtu ha shop. His radio that is in the shop is useless. *tabas v. CH 1 ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To cut (something) with scissors (according to a pattern or measurement, as in forming a garment). Diꞌ aku maingat magtabas pantalun. I don’t know how to cut pants. Cf. gunting 1 (See utud for table.) tabbuꞌ n. The striking of water many times (with bare hands or with wood or something else hard).    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To strike water many times (with bare hands or with wood or something else hard). Magtabbuꞌ in mangingistaꞌ bang sila ha hunasan. The fishermen are striking the water many times when in the shallow part of the sea. tabiat n. The normal aspect of one’s nature or disposition, attitudes and actions, character, habit. In tabiat mangiꞌ amu in manakaw. The habit which is bad is stealing. In tabiat niya bukun marayaw. Her character is bad. Tabiat niya na in magtūg tungaꞌ dūm. It is her habit to go to bed late at night. Malisuꞌ aku sin tabiat sin tau ini. I’m annoyed by this man’s disposition.    v. ag mag-. To behave. In magtabiat marayaw, amu na yan in hambuuk hinang dumā kātuꞌ pa kasannyangan. To behave well, that is something that will bring us to peace and contentment. Cf. addat, laku, kajariyan, palangay, piil tabid adj. Twisted, not straight, out of shape. Tabid in pagtapis mu sin tadjung. Your folding of your tubular skirt is not straight.    v. CH 1 ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To twist or wring (something). Tabirun ku in taynga mu bang kaw diꞌ humundung magtangis. I’ll twist your ears if you don’t stop crying.    v. AR ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To wring the water out of (something). Tabiri naa in manga badjuꞌ ampa mu pahayanga. Wring out the water from the clothes before you hang them.

tabid-tabid n. A kind of indigenous confection made of flour or pounded cassava.{Roll the dough to form a rope and fry in a frying pan. Fry a second time with melted sugar until it turns red.}    v. ag mag-. To make this kind of confection. Bī kaw tirigu magtabid-tabid kita. Buy flour (and) we’ll make rope-shaped confection. (See Appendix 7: Kinds of Confections Served at Special Occasions) tabil n. {Rare} A curtain or frill (on a canopy bed frame). Butangi tabil in taas sin kantil mu. Put a frill around the top of your bed. Cf. kurtina tabiyaꞌ n. An apology (in order to exclude someone from being the object of one’s angry words). Ini tabiyaꞌ ha kamu dimurungug, awn tau naghihinang ha parinta diꞌ kapangandulan. Apologies to you who are listening, but there are government employees who cannot be trusted.    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To excuse oneself, ask pardon (from people not involved so as to exclude them from being the object of one’s angry words). Subay kita magtabiyaꞌ bang kita lumabay ha alupan sin tau maas. We should excuse ourselves when we pass in front of old people. Bang kaw mamūng-mūng ha taymanghud mu subay mu tabiyaun in tau way lamud. When you scold your sibling, you should ask pardon from those who are not involved. tabla (Tag.) adj. Even, equal, tied (as in a game or contest). Tabla sila ha pagkuntis magkalang. They are tied in the singing contest.    v. act maka-. To break even, declare a tie. Nakatabla aku. Walaꞌ da isab aku nalugiꞌ. I broke even. I didn’t really lose. Cf. sibuꞌ tabuꞌ n. A market. Mataud bungang-kahuy ha tabuꞌ. There is plenty of fruit in the market.    v. ag mag-, -um-, mang-. To buy (something) at the market, shop for (foodstuffs) at the market. Tabuan ta kaw. I’ll shop for you at the market. Tabuꞌ kaw madtu istaꞌ. Buy us some fish at the market. Manabuꞌ aku istaꞌ iban sayul. I’ll shop for fish and vegetables at the market.    n. panabuan A place where a market is situated. Haunu in panabuan sin manga tau? Where is the place where the people market? OV SYN. parian *tabuk v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To take (something offered or given), accept, receive (something). Natabuk mu na in sulat ku? Have you received my letter? Tabuka in sarakka ku kaymu. Accept my alms for you. SYN. taymaꞌ; Cf. *sambut

tabul n. The core of the coconut fruit.{A spherical white substance inside a coconut, eaten raw.} Kabākan mu in tabul ha lawm lahing. You’ll be able to find the coconut core inside a coconut. Cf. buwaꞌ tābulla n. A kind of small squid (used as food). (See Appendix 2: Fish and Swimming Marine Creatures) tabun n. A large type of quail (a little smaller than a chicken, which lays eggs in sandy holes it digs). In iklug sin tabun biyaꞌ lagguꞌ duwa iklug manuk. The size of the large quail’s egg is twice as big as the egg of a hen. Cf. itaw (See Appendix 1: Birds and Flying Insects) *tabun v. AR ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To cover (something), conceal (a fault, blunder, crime, etc.). Tabuni in basu mu sin kātas. Cover your glass with the paper. Kiyatabunan na in dān sin karahun-dahunan. The road is covered with leaves. Tabunan niya tuud in ngiꞌ sin anak niya. She tries to conceal the fault of her child. Cf. *libun tabunan n. A place near the shore where sand and coral are mixed. Hangkan sa in niyug diꞌ magbunga bat ha tabunan. These coconut trees won’t bear fruit because they are planted in a place where sand and coral are mixed. tabungguꞌ (var. tagungguꞌ) n. The playing and sound of gongs and traditional drums played together. Mabayaꞌ in Milikan ini dumungug tabungguꞌ. This American wants to hear the playing of the gong and drum.    v. ag mag-, -um-; goal -an. To play traditional percussive instruments together. Magtabungguꞌ ha pagtiyaunan. They’ll play gongs and drums at the wedding celebration.    n. tabungguan A band (consisting of gongs, kulintangan, and alak₂). tādan (var. of tāran) n A source of income. tadaras n. A ceremony (held on the 15th day of Ramadan). taddaꞌ (var. tāꞌtāꞌ) n. An introductory melody (played on a bamboo xylophone). Makalisuꞌ magdungug bang mahabaꞌ in taddaꞌ. It becomes boring to hear if the introductory melody is long.    v. ag mag-, -um-; goal/ben -an. To play an introductory melody (on a bamboo xylophone). Bang magtaddaꞌ diꞌ pa kumalang in maggagabbang. During the playing of the introduction the ones

playing the bamboo xylophone don’t sing yet. taddas n. The keel of a boat. Baꞌgu in taddas ini saꞌ nagkangiꞌ na. The keel of this boat is new but it is already broken. tadik n. The poles running across outriggers to hold them in place. tadjaki v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To interrogate, examine, question (something) in detail. Subay tadjakihun sin abugaw in parakalaꞌ ini. The attorney must examine this case in detail. Tadjakihun kaw sin mungkalun bang kaw matay na. When you die the questioner of the dead will interrogate you in detail. Cf. asubu, *usihat, sumariya, ungsit tadjung n. A (general purpose) sarong or circular skirt (worn by either men or women, overlapping in the front, made of hand-woven cloth). Diꞌ siya maingat magtapis tadjung. He doesn’t know how to fold and fasten his sarong.    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To wear such a skirt, make (material) into this kind of skirt. Tadjungun ku in pula ini. I’ll wear this red sarong. Cf. habul *tadtad 1 v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To split (something into many pieces) but keep it in one piece, cut (something) partially through many times (so that it remains one piece; often bamboo, meat, or a person’s flesh). Tadtarun ku in patung ini hipagdingding bāy. I’ll split this bamboo but keep it in one piece to use for walling a house. Tadtarun ta sa kān sin barung ini. I’ll cut you many times with this single-bladed weapon. Cf.: tamaꞌ. (See utud for table.) n. tiyadtad Bamboo split in this manner. Cf.: sawaliꞌ. 2 v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To riddle (something with bullets). Natadtad sin pungluꞌ in baran niya. His body was riddled with bullets. Cf. tatal tadul n. A small bee. Minsan tadul, mabisa ra isab kumutkut. Even a small bee is also painful when it stings. tag- 1 rel pfx. And (used in counting). Hikahangpuꞌ taglima in ngān mu. Your name is fifteenth (tenth and fifth). 2 prefix pfx. The owner (of something). Hi Abdul in tagbāy sin hantian ta. Abdul is the owner of the

house where we are staying. In taglupaꞌ sin uma ini hi Jahandal. The landowner of this farm is Jahandal. tāg1 (see tawag) v. To call (someone). tāg3 n. A bracelet. tagꞌīpun (from taga + īpun) 1 n. A slave owner, master. Tuhan in tagꞌīpun ha manga tau katān. God is the master of all people. 2 v. ag mag-. To serve as a slave. Subay kaw magtagꞌīpun ha sultan. You should serve as a slave of the king. taga rel. Having, with. Anak niya in bataꞌ-bataꞌ taga ila. The baby with a birthmark is her child. taga bangsa adj. Of noble birth. In tau awn duguꞌ salip taga bangsa. A person with the blood of someone descended from the Prophet Muhammad is of noble birth. SYN. balbangsa bangsa taga kaput saytan adj. Filled with the devil. In tau taga kaput saytan, way Tuhan niya. A person who is filled with the devil does not have God. Way jumahulakaꞌ in tau ini, marayꞌ taga kaput saytan. This person is really cruel, maybe he is filled with the devil. taga paghulaꞌ (from hulaꞌ ₂) adj. Married. Minīg na in babai yaun dayn ha maas niya sabab taga paghulaꞌ na siya. That girl has left her parents because she is married now. tagad v. ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To wait for (something). Tagad kaw hangkarayꞌ. Wait for a moment. Tagaran ku in sulat dayn kaymu. I’ll wait for a letter from you.    adj. tagad-tagad (With bulan) near to giving birth (spoken of a pregnant woman). Tagad-tagad bulan na in asawa niya. His wife is near to giving birth.    n. tagaran That which one is waiting for, one’s expectation, hope, a source of income (also tādan, tāran). Way tagaran ha bataꞌ ini. We have no hope for this child. Minsan kaw diꞌ maghinang awn tagaran mu. Even if you don’t work you have a source of income. tagadluk n. A length of wood pointed at one end for driving into the ground (as fencing, wooden stakes). Kāꞌ kamu tagadluk hipaghinang taniyu sin ād. Get some stakes for the fence. Cf. hāg, usuk

tagainup n. A dream (dreamed while sleeping). Kiyalupahan ku in tagainup ku kabii. I forgot my dream last night.    v. ag mag-, -um-, mang-; pat -un. To dream (while sleeping). Pagpatihaꞌ kaw bat kaw diꞌ managainup mangiꞌ. Mutter the first part of the Koran so that you will not dream bad dreams. tagama adj. Prepared, ready. Subay tagama sadja kita maghinang adlaw-adlaw. We should always be ready for work every day.    n. Preparation. In tagama nila kātuꞌ bungang-kahuy. Their preparation for us was fruit.    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To prepare (for something); set or lay aside, save, lay by or up, reserve (something). Subay kitaniyu tumagama sin datung nila magbāk. We should prepare to meet their arrival. Asal kaw tagama kayꞌman ngaibu pilak. Just lay aside fifty thousand pesos. Tagamahi kami lingkuran. Save seats for us. Tagamahan ta kakaun in manga bisita. We’ll set aside some food for the guests. Cf. halliꞌ 2, sakap, saddiya tagambil (var. tagambir) n. A resinous gum (an ingredient of the betel nut chew, usu. sold in cubes about 2 cm. across).{An astringent substance extracted from the leaves and twigs of a Malayan plant. Used also as medicine and in tanning and dyeing.} Bang in tau magmamaꞌ subay awn tagambil. If a person chews betel nut there should be resinous gum. Cf. mamaꞌ Uncaria gambir tagandak v. ag mag-; pat -un; ran -an. To stamp the feet. Hundung na kaw magtagandak bat kaw diꞌ ku lubakan. You stop stamping your feet or else I’ll whip you. Tagandakun ku in siki ku makatū bat niya kahātihan. I’ll stamp my feet three times so he’ll understand. tagauk n. The crowing sound of a rooster.    v. ag mag-, -um-; goal -an. (For a rooster) to crow (at or for someone). Tagaran natuꞌ magtagauk in manuk ampa kitaniyu manaw. We will wait for the rooster to crow, then we will set out on our journey. Subay na siya kiyatagaukan sin manuk ampa siya nakabatiꞌ. He had to be crowed at by the rooster before he woke up. tagbak Any of several plants whose fruit has very many seeds and tastes both sweet and sour. (See Appendix 5: Plants)

*tagbak v. CH 1 ag mag-, mang-, -um-; pat -un. To pierce, stab (something) with a spear or similar object. Tagbaka in babuy talun. Spear that hog. Cf. dugsuꞌ, budjak tagdapu n. An owner. Aku in tagdapu sin bāy ini. I am the owner of this house. Hawnu in tagdapu sin būk ini? Where is the owner of this book? Cf. milik, tagmustahak *mustahak taggu (var. of taꞌgu) adj (Of cloth) durable, strong; (of people) strong, hardy. taghaꞌ adv. An expression of regret, impatience, or indignation. Taghaꞌ aku nakaagad kaniya. Why did I ever go with her? Taghaꞌ aku nakapautang kaniya sīn. I should never have loaned her the money. Taghaꞌ kaw limamud sin parakalaꞌ ini. Why did you ever get involved in this conflict? Taghaꞌ aku nakabī ha ini sin diꞌ ku da kagunahan. Why did I buy this when I really don’t need it? *taghaꞌ adj. Unexpected, abrupt, sudden. Taghaꞌ isab in pagdatung niya walaꞌ siya nagparā sulat. His arrival was unexpected, he didn’t send a letter (first).    v. aux -um-, mag-. (For something to happen) suddenly or unexpectedly. Timaghaꞌ timangis in anak ku usug-usug saꞌbu natutūg. My little boy cried out suddenly while sleeping. Nagtaghaꞌ sadja siya nasakit. She suddenly became ill. OV SYN. magtuy, saruun-duun, sakadjap taghuy n. A whistle (made by puckering the lips). Way ku diyungug in taghuy niya. I did not hear his whistle.    v. ag mag-, -um-; goal -an. To whistle in such a way at (someone). Maingat kaw tumaghuy? Do you know how to whistle? Tiyaghuyan niya in babai yadtu. He whistled at that lady. Cf. pītu, silbātu, huyup tagi n. A strong desire or liking (for something or to do something). Sarang-saranga in tagi mu magsiga. Make your desire for smoking more moderate.    v. act mag-, -um-; ran -an. To be inclined (to do something), be or become addicted (to something). Ayaw kaw magꞌinum alak bat kaw diꞌ tagihan. Don’t drink alcohol so you will not become addicted. Piyatagi mu siya magsūd sini. You got him addicted to going to movies.    adj. matagi Having a strong desire or liking, inclined (to do something). Matagi siya magpanayam apus. He has a strong desire to gamble. Cf. sūb, suwak

tagidꞌid 1 adj. In orderly fashion, consecutively. v. ag mag-; pat -un. [Usu. with another verb.] (To relate something) in order. Tiyagidꞌid niya katān biyaytaꞌ in kītaꞌ niya ha Manila. He related in order everything he had seen in Manila. OV SYN.: taki-taki. 2 v. pat ma-. To be consecutively delayed (e.g., from 5 PM to 6 PM, then 7 PM etc.). Natagidꞌid in pagdatung sin gadji nila. The arrival of their salary is delayed. tagiktik n. A sound made by the striking of two hard materials against each other (as a hammer against an anvil), or by the colliding of two hard objects.    v. act mag-, -um-. (For two hard objects colliding) to make a sound; (for bullets) to bounce off (something). Diꞌ mu siya yan mapatay sin pungluꞌ magtagiktik sadja minsan hisiyu-hisiyu in timimbak kaniya. You can’t kill him by bullets; whoever will shoot him, (the bullets) will just bounce off. Piyatagiktik nila in kassaꞌ. They struck bottles against each other to make a sound. Cf. kubulan tagimtim n. Freckles, mildew stain (as on clothes that have not been hung to dry). In magpamurak mahumu makaīg tagimtim sin bayhuꞌ. Constant application of face powder removes one’s freckles.    v. ST pat -un. To develop freckles, develop mildew stains. Tagimtimun in manga badjuꞌ abila basaꞌ ampa diꞌ pahayangun. Clothes become mildewed when they are wet and are not aired out. Cf. tamak 1 tagingting n. The sound made by the striking of a hard object against a hollow, or sometimes solid, metallic object.    v. pat mag-, -um-. (For objects) to make this type of sound. In basiꞌ bang pukpukun magtagingting. When iron is struck it makes a sound. Piyatagingting niya in agung sin kahuy-kahuy. He made the gong sound by hitting it with a stick. tagnaꞌ adv. At first, from the beginning, formerly. Tagnaꞌ, kami in naghuhulaꞌ ha bāy yaun. At first we were the ones living in that house.    v. ag mag-, -um-; goal -an. [Often with another verb.] To be first, begin (something), start. Siya in timagnaꞌ magbassa sin būk. She was the first to read the book.    n. tagnaan The beginning, start, first part. Walaꞌ ku kitaꞌ in tagnaan sin sīni. I didn’t see the beginning of the movie. Cf. puun 1.1

tagnus (var. of tugnus) v To uproot (something), remove or pull out (something embedded in something else). tagub n. In oral literature, a shell or covering that conceals one’s real appearance, a disguise which may take different forms and is given by magic power. Awn tagub sin dayang-dayang. The princess has a disguise.    v. ag mag-, -um-. To be in a shell or covering, assume a magic disguise. Nagtagub hi Pusung ha supaya diꞌ kakilahan sin manga tau. Pusung assumed a magic disguise so people wouldn’t recognize him.    n. taguban A sheath (of a bolo or bladed weapon. Malingkat in ukkil-ukkil ha taguban sin kalis ini. The carving on the sheath of the kris is beautiful. taguk n. Gum or sap (from plants or fruit). Diꞌ maīg in taguk sin nangkaꞌ ha badjuꞌ ku. The jackfruit sap won’t come out of my clothes.    adj. mataguk Gummy, having plenty of sap. Mataguk pa in wanni ini. This wanni still has plenty of sap.    v. act mag-, -um-; ran -an. To flow or come out (through a cut or opening), give off sap or gum. Tumaguk in kahuy bang tigbasun. The tree will give off sap if you slash it. taguktuk (var. taguꞌtuꞌ) n. A knocking sound (such as that made by an axe chopping wood), the sound of wood breaking.    v. act mag-, -um-. (For wood) to make such a sound. Timaguktuk sadja in manga kahuy pīlaꞌ naligad. The trees that were cut down made the sound of wood breaking as they fell. Pataguktukun ku in kahuy ini supaya niyu kaingatan sin sakap na aku. I will make this tree produce a knocking sound so that you know I’m ready. *tagumtum adj. matagumtum Brunette, (of hair and eyebrows) dark. Matagumtum in buhuk iban kilay niya. She has dark hair and eyebrows. Cf. mairum *irum tagundan n. A game trail. Malami dakuman in tagundan sabab magꞌagad kita sin limpaꞌ bat kabākan in tiyawꞌ. A game trail is really fun, because we follow the tracks to look for the hidden thing.

tagungguꞌ (var. of tabungguꞌ) n The playing and sound of gongs and traditional drums played together. taguriꞌ n. A kite. Gantii in kanjiꞌ sin taguriꞌ mu. Change the paper of your kite.    v. ag mag-. To fly a kite. Magtaguriꞌ kita bang mahangin. We’ll fly the kite when it’s windy. *tahalaꞌ v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To delay, hinder for a time, detain (something). Diꞌ manjari tahalaun in pagkubul. We can’t delay the funeral. Cf. tarasaw, *antaraꞌ tahalil n. A prayer (in Arabic) for the spirit of a dead person.    v. ag mag-; ran/ben -an. (For a priest) to say this prayer (for a dead person’s spirit). Subay hangpuꞌ pakil in magtahalil. There should be ten priests to say the prayer for the dead person’s spirit. Cf. tujulaksaꞌ *tahamul v. ST pat ma-. To become tongue-tied, speechless (as from amazement or embarrassment). Natahamul siya pagbassa niya sin tiligrama. He became speechless on reading the telegram. tahan n. Ability to endure or withstand (something). In tahan niya ha uhaw duwa adlaw walaꞌ siya mīnum. His ability to endure thirst was such that he didn’t drink for two days. OV SYN. sandal    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To endure (a hardship) or refrain from doing what will alleviate (it), detain (someone). Ayaw kaw magtahan sin hapdiꞌ mu. Don’t refrain from satisfying your hunger (i.e., from eating). Subay tahanun in tau yan bang diꞌ mamaytaꞌ sin kasabunnalan. That man should be detained if he will not tell the truth. tahanahana adv. Intentionally, on purpose. Biyaꞌ isab tahanahana in pagtiluꞌ niya sin būla mari kākuꞌ. As if he threw the ball to me intentionally. Kaingatan ku biyaꞌ tahanahana in pagdugtul niya sin dagangan. I know that he bumped the merchandise on purpose. *tahap v. AR ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To winnow, clean (rice) by tossing it up from a flat basket (ligu) and letting the wind blow away the chaff. Tahapi in bugas bang kaw magtugnaꞌ. Winnow the rice when you get ready to cook. tahay 1 adj. Dry. Tahay na in manga badjuꞌ ha buwaran. The clothes on the clothesline are dry. vi. ST pat -um-. To dry up, become dry. Tumahay in kuppung bang panuga. The well dries up during

summer. Patahayun ku naa in midyas ku ampa kita pa iskul. I’ll dry my socks first and then we’ll go to school. n. katahayan A dry surface or area. Butangan in manga labban ha katahayan bat diꞌ mabasaꞌ. Put the boxes in a dry area so they won’t get wet. 2 n. Dried fish. Ayaw kaw magbī sin tahay maasin tuud. Don’t buy dried fish that are too salty. v. ag mag-; pat -un. To dry (fish). Tahayun ta in manga istaꞌ ini. We’ll dry this fish. OV SYN.: biyukaꞌ derv. bukaꞌ1 ; ANT.: buhiꞌ 3. tahiꞌ n. Sewing. Bukun marayaw in tahiꞌ sin makina ini. The sewing of this machine isn’t good.    v. CH 1 ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To sew (something). Tahia ba in badjuꞌ ku. Will you sew my dress.    n. mananahiꞌ A seamstress or tailor. Walaꞌ naubus tiyahiꞌ sin mananahiꞌ in badjuꞌ ku. The seamstress hasn’t finished sewing my dress.    n. pagtatahian Dress shop, tailoring shop. Subay awn laysin sin manga pagtatahian. Tailoring shops need to be licensed. tahud n. A spur (which grows on a chicken’s leg). Awn na tahud sin manuk mu. Your chicken has a spur now. Cf. bulang tahun n. A year. Tahun unu in kapagꞌanak kaymu? What year were you born? In tahun nakalabay mataud tuud kasigpitan kimugdan pa hulaꞌ Pilipinas. Last year there were many hardships that came to the Philippines.    adv. tahun-tahun Every or each year.    v. ran -an, mag-…-an. (For an action, a stay, or a state) to last for at least a year. Tahunan sa kaw yan ha pagtulak mu yan. You’ll be away on your trip at least a year. Nagtahunan na in utang niya kākuꞌ. His debt to me has not been paid for years. tāiban (from taga + iban) n. A partner, spouse, companion, mate, member of a pair. Hariin in tāiban mu? Where is your mate? Diꞌ siya kumaun subay na dumatung in tāiban niya. She won’t eat till her spouse arrives. Hariin in tāiban sin kapatus ini? Where is my other shoe?    n. panāiban Companions, partners. Hariin na in manga panāiban mu? Where are your companions? Cf. iban 2, limbang

*tais v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To challenge (someone to a fight), provoke (someone to fight or do something injurious). Ayaw mu aku taisa. Don’t provoke me. Hangkan na sila nakapagkālu pasal tiyais sila sin kaibanan. That is why they quarreled because they were provoked by others. taka-taka (var. tumaka2) adv. The more, continuously. Taka-taka siya nagtukul natukul in lima niya. While he was continuously hammering he hammered his hand. Taka-taka kaw kumaun sumakit na in tiyan mu. If you eat continuously you will get a stomachache. Taka-taka mu huyupun in kāyu masunug na in kusina. The more you blow the fire it will burn the kitchen. Taka-taka mu sulatan diꞌ na mayaꞌ kaymu. The more you will write she will not love you. Cf. lumugay lugay, mahumu2 takabbul adj. Arrogant, haughty, overbearing (used with contempt or scorn). In tau takabbul kulang in bagay niya. An arrogant person lacks friends.    v. ST pat -um-. To become arrogant, haughty, overbearing. Kamatauran sin tau tumakabbul bang magkarayahan. Most people become arrogant when they become rich.    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To act arrogantly, overbearingly (toward someone). Ayaw na kaw magtakabbul sabab kaingatan ku in awwal mu. Don’t be arrogant for I know your origin. Cf. abbu 1 takak n. The (wooden) top-piece (of a mast). Subay parayawun na in takak sin banug, biyaꞌ sūng na mabaliꞌ. We have to repair the top-piece for the sail, it seems it’s about to break. takāk n. The stem (of fruit), the stalk on a banana tree where the hands of bananas form. Malagguꞌ tuud isab in takāk sin mampallam. The stem of the mango is very big. takas n. The remaining part (after a fire, etc.). In takas sin bāy nasunug, diꞌ na kakitaan. The remaining part of the house that burned couldn’t be seen. Hawnu in takas sin tinda niyu nasunug? Where are the remains of your store that was burned? *takaw v. AQ ag/goal mang-, mag-, -um-; pat -un; ran -an. To steal (something from someone). Tiyakaw in manga badjuꞌ ha biyuwaran. The clothes on the clothesline were stolen. Matūp takawan in tau maikut. It’s fitting to steal from a stingy person.    n. panakaw A thief. Nasaggaw sin pulis in panakaw. The thief was arrested by the police.    n. tiyakawan Stolen objects. Ayaw kaw magbī sin tiyakawan. Don’t buy stolen objects. Cf. sugarul

takaw kapug n. The evening star. Malingkat tuud kitaun bang dūm in takaw kapug. It is really beautiful to look at the evening star at night. SYN. mūpu; Cf. māga *takbiꞌ 1 v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un (usu. papag-…-un); ran -an. To have a cockfight without artificial spurs, (for a cock) to fight with another cock. Takbii sin manuk mu in manuk niya. Let your cock fight with his cock. Cf. bulang 2 v. pat papag-…-un. To provoke (someone) to fight (with someone else). Subay mu diꞌ papagtakbiun in tau magtaymanghud. Don’t provoke siblings to fight with each other. Cf. *tukbuꞌ 1.1 takbil (var. takbir) v. ag mag-, -um-; goal/ben -an. To extol the greatness of God (by saying the formula Allahu Akbar). In Tuhan makūg bang in manga piyapanjari niya magtakbil kaniya. God will be pleased if His creatures extol His greatness. takdil 1 rel. Concerning, with regard to, relating to. Bang takdil sin pagꞌiskul mu ayaw kaw masusa. Aku in magꞌatas. Concerning your schooling, don’t worry. I will be responsible for it. Ha takdil sin pagbagay, subay kaw maingat magdā sin bagay mu. Concerning friendship, you should know how to get along with your friend. Bang takdil ha baran ku diꞌ ku pahalgaun in pilak dayn sin kumangiꞌ in ngān ku. With regard to myself, I won’t ruin my reputation for the sake of money. v. none hi-. To say (something) concerning (someone). Hitakdil ku kaniya, siya na yan in mapanday manghinang-hinang. I will say concerning her that she is good at working magic. OV SYN.: palihālan, pasal1. 2 v. none hi-. To compare (something to something else). Bang hitakdil pa maghinang bāy hāg in patindugun muna. If we compare (it) to building a house, the post is set up first. takdug n. A strong kick (with the foot). Makusug in takdug sin tau magkukuntaw. The kick of people who know judo is strong.    v. ag mang-, mag-, -um-; ran -an. To kick (something) with force. Ayaw takdugi in manghud mu. Don’t kick your kid brother. SYN. tikdag; Cf. sipaꞌ 1 taki-taki v. ag mag-; pat -un, hikapag-. To relate (something) step by step or in order from beginning to end, give the details. Taki-takihun ku kaymu in kītaꞌ ku katān. I’ll relate to you in order everything I saw.

takil n. A square or triangular wrapper with no top, made of coconut leaves, in which cooked vegetables and fish or meat are served and in which certain kinds of confections are cooked. In takil sin bibingka subay marakmul bat diꞌ masunug. The coconut-leaf wrapper of rice cakes should be thick so they will not burn. tākin adj. matākin Industrious, diligent, very active.    v. ag -um-. To be industrious, work hard. Bang marayaw in nakuraꞌ ha upis, in manga tau ha babaan niya tumākin. If the head of an office is a good person, the people under him will work hard. taklaꞌ n. The sound made by flapping the tongue against the roof of the mouth, a clicking of the tongue. Malisuꞌ aku magdungug sin taklaꞌ hi Abdul. I’m annoyed by hearing Abdul’s clicking of his tongue. Cf. labtik 1 takliad vi. pat ma-, mag-. To fall backward. Ayaw kaw maglingkud ha taas sin tandawan bat kaw diꞌ magtakliad. Don’t sit on the window so you’ll not fall backward.    vt. pat -un. To make (someone) fall backward. Takliarun niya kaw bang kaw diꞌ mīg dayn duun. He’ll make you fall backward if you don’t get away from there. taklup (var. tapluk) n. The cover (of an opening or container).    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un; goal -an. [No difference in meaning between -un and -an.] To close (a container or opening, usu. with its cover, e.g., a doorway with a door, a pot with its lid), cover (something in a container). Magtaklup pa aku sin kakaun bat diꞌ langawn. I’ll cover the food so that it will not be infested by flies. Taklupun ku muna in mital bangbang. I’ll close the can of the biscuits. Taklupan ta in lungag ini bat diꞌ makalabay in manga ambaw. We’ll close this hole so the rats can’t go by. OV SYN. lukub, saub, tambul 1 *takmay adj. Held cupped in the hand.    v. CH 1 ag mag-, -um-, mang-; pat -un. To open (the hand). Takmaya in lima mu. Open your hand.    v. ag mag-, -um-, mang-; pat -un. To hold (something) cupped in the open hand. Nananakmay siya takuꞌ. She is resting her chin in her cupped hand. Tiyatakmay niya in anak itik. The baby duck is held cupped in his open hands. Cf. dā 1.1

*taksil v. ag mang-, mag-, -um-; pat -un. To blame (someone). Ayaw mu aku taksila bang kaw masaggaw sin parinta. Don’t blame me if you get caught by the authorities.    n. kataksilan Blameworthiness. Mamuas na aku sin kataksilan. I’ll free myself of blameworthiness. taksinaꞌ n. {Archaic} The direction south, any point or direction opposite to the north. Himarap pa taksinaꞌ in adjung. The sailing vessel was headed south. Cf. subangan, sadlupan *sadlup 2, magrib 3, maksinaꞌ, masrik (See hangin for table.) taktak n. The last egg laid by a chicken before it broods, an immature egg (of a chicken). In iklug taktak asibiꞌ. An immature chicken egg is small. *taktak v. CH 1 ag mag-, -um-; pat -un; ran/ben -an. To spread (something, as fish nets), let down (something, as curtains or mosquito nets). Ayaw taktaka in kurtina. Don’t let down the curtains. takuꞌ n. Chin. Awn sipak sin takuꞌ niya. His chin has a cleft. (See Appendix 6: The Parts of the Body) takul n. The beating (of something) with a stick, either in regular or irregular rhythms.    v. ag mag-; pat -un; goal/ben -an. To beat (something with a stick in regular or irregular rhythms). Takula niyu in agung makusug bat da karungugan dayn ha malayuꞌ. You beat the gong hard so that it can be heard from afar. Bang magꞌambit istaꞌ subay sama-sama magtakul sin higad sakayan supaya marā in istaꞌ pa higad. When driving fish (the fishermen) should beat the sides of their boats at the same time so that the fish will be drawn to the shore. Cf. ganding, *kagul, katik takulaub n. Back, upper part, exterior surface. Piyalian in takulaub lima ku. The back of my hand is wounded. takulaub mata n. The socket in which the eyeball sits, eye socket. Malagguꞌ in takulaub mata niya. His eye sockets are big. takus n. Side arms (referring only to bladed weapons). Diꞌ pagkaīgan takus in tau gimba. The people of the interior cannot be separated from their side arms.    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To wear (a bladed weapon, sometimes a pistol) as a side arm. Ayaw kaw magtakus pa Tiyanggi. Don’t wear a weapon at your side when you go to Jolo town. Cf. pakukus,

almas, sanjataꞌ takut n. Shoal, shallows of the ocean. Mataud istaꞌ ha takut. There are many fish in the shallows of the ocean. takwim n. Arabic calendar, almanac. Subay kitaun ha takwim bang kuꞌnu in panagnaan sin puasa. We should look at the Arabic calendar to see when the beginning of the fast is. OV SYN. bintang patahunan; Cf. putikaan putikaꞌ, iralan ludjuman talam n. A brass tray (without legs). Butangan na in manga pagkaun ha talam. Put the food on the brass tray. Cf. batunjang, palanggana tālang v. ag -um-; pat -un. To accept (something). Diꞌ tālangun in sīn mu. Your money will not be accepted. Hisiyu in tumālang kaymu babai bang way hinang mu? Who is the girl who will accept you if you are jobless? *tālang v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To toss coins (for heads or tails). In manga bataꞌ nagtālang nagkālu. The children tossing coins quarreled. talanghati (var. tallanghati) n. Magical power (given by a tawal) that enables (someone) to learn easily. In talanghati niya yan landuꞌ nakatabang kaniya. His magical power to learn has really been of help to him.    adj. matalanghati Having ability to learn easily. In anak mu usug landuꞌ matalanghati. Your son indeed has the ability to learn easily. panalanghati (derv.) adj. (Of water) having the power to help (someone) learn (things). talaw n. Excessive fear. Piyunung in tau yaun sin talaw niya. That man fainted because of his fear.    adj. talawan Cowardly, excessively fearful. Talawan in tau diꞌ mangatu. A man who doesn’t fight back is cowardly. Cf. dāhit, damag, bugaꞌ talbang v. ag -um-. To vanish, disappear. Timalbang na in malāikat pa taas langit pagꞌubus nagpalahil mawn pa nabi. The angel vanished up in the sky after he appeared to the prophet. tali-tali n. Migraine headache. Diꞌ siya makatūg sin tali-tali niya. She can’t sleep because of her migraine

headache. taliꞌ v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To think of (something) deliberately, consider (something). Taliꞌ kaw sin hikarayaw sin pagꞌusaha ta. Think of ways to make our business progressive. Subay taliun marayaw bang maghinang diksiyunari. One should think carefully in order to make a dictionary.    adj. mataliꞌ Keen-witted, clever, shrewd. Subay tau mataliꞌ in makatukud sin pangasubu niya. It takes a keen-witted man to answer his question.    n. talian Deliberation, thought or idea after careful and full consideration, plan. Marayaw in talian niya. He has a good plan. Cf. pikil, *kannal talian n. An artificial tree, used at feasts. Mataud malingkat ari-ari biyubutang ha talian. There are many beautiful decorations placed on the artificial feast tree. In talian paghinangun bang waktu Mawlud. The artificial feast tree is made during the birthday celebration of Prophet Muhammad. talianak (var. tayanak) n. magtalianak A close family or blood relationship, the relationship between parents and children; parent and child. Marayaw tuud kitaun in magtalianak yaun, biyaꞌ sila magbagay. It is really nice to see that father and son, as if they are friends. *talik1 adj. matalik Having ability in speech, eloquent, fluent. In manga abugaw matalik magbissara. The lawyers are eloquent in their speech. Matalik hi Abdul magbissara Anggalis. Abdul is fluent in speaking English. *talik2 v. ag mag-; pat -un. To plant (seeds in the ground). Talikun ku na pa lupaꞌ in bigi pitsay ini. I’ll plant these pechay seeds in the ground now. Pagpatalik kaw bigi kamatis. Plant the tomato seeds (in the ground) so they will sprout. OV SYN. *tanum 1; Cf. tubuꞌ 1, pangtusan, sahaꞌ taling n. A tusk, canine tooth. Mahalgaꞌ in taling sin gadja. An elephant’s tusk is expensive. Cf. garing 1, tangil talisay (var. of taysay) n Tropical almond (A tree that grows near the shore, the leaves of which were used to blacken teeth). talkum n. A gravecloth for covering the face (of the dead in burial). In talkum sin patay subay kakanaꞌ putiꞌ. The gravecloth for covering the face of the dead should be white cloth.

*tallak n. pagtallak Divorce. Diꞌ maawn in pagtallak bang diꞌ mabayaꞌ in bana. There won’t be any divorce if the husband is unwilling.    v. AR ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To divorce (someone). Subay mu tallakan in asawa mu. You should divorce your wife. Cf. *bugit 2 tallang adj. Very dark in color. Tallang na in atal sin babai yaun. That girl’s lipstick is very dark-colored. Cf. walnaꞌ, lutuꞌ 3 talmid n. Swinging from one branch of a tree to another. Matagi in manga bataꞌ magpanayam talmid. Children are fond of playing swing-from-branch-to-branch.    v. TV ag mag-, -um-; goal -un. To swing (from one branch of a tree to another). Mataud manga amuꞌ magtalmid ha kakahuy-kahuyan. There are many monkeys swinging on the trees. Talmirun ku in sanga yaun dayn dī. I’ll swing to that branch from here.    n. talmiran A place where such swinging is or can be done. taluk adj. Violet, purple. In walnaꞌ sin badjuꞌ niya kahapun taluk. The color of her dress yesterday was violet. Diꞌ tūpun in maitum mamadjuꞌ taluk. It’s not suitable for a dark-complexioned person to wear violet clothing. talumpung n. Binoculars, telescope.    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To look through binoculars or a telescope. Talumpunga bat mu kakitaan in manga tau ha būd yaun. Look through the binoculars so you can see the people on that mountain. talun1 n. Sama who live on the land. Ha timpu bihaun mataud na talun ha Tiyanggi. In the present time there are many Sama who live on the land in Jolo town. talun2 adj. Wild (usu. of animals). Mataud sattuwa talun ha gulangan. There are many wild animals in the jungle. ANT. ipatan ipat; Cf. adla    v. ag mag-. To behave without control or regulation, run wild. Lumugay magtalun in manga kabataan yan bang diꞌ pantunun. Sooner or later these young people will run wild if they’re not disciplined. talungkup n. A toy top. Malugay magligut in talungkup niya. His toy top spins a long time.

talus1 adj. Knowing (something) beforehand, prescient. Bang sadja aku talus sin dupangun mu aku, diꞌ ta kaw tabangun. If I had only known beforehand that you would fool me, I wouldn’t have helped you. In tau talus kaingatan niya bang unu in kumugdan ha susūngun. A prescient person knows what is going to happen in the future. Cf. kitaꞌ 2    v. goal ka-…-an. To know (something) beforehand. Bang ku kiyatalusan mangiꞌ in addat niya diꞌ aku mayaꞌ kaniya. Had I known beforehand of his ill disposition I would not have fallen in love with him. talus2 v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To continue, finish (doing something, esp. something already started). Subay mu talusun in hinang mu. You must finish your work. Marayꞌ na matalus in hinang ku. My work will soon be finished. Cf. ubus, timus tamaꞌ v. CH 1 ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To cut (something) up into small pieces, chop (something) up. Magtamaꞌ pa aku sin unud sapiꞌ ini. I’ll chop up this beef yet. Tamaun ku muna in unud sin sapiꞌ bat maluhay malutuꞌ. I’ll cut the beef up into small pieces first so that it will be easily cooked. OV SYN. *tuktuk1 (See utud for table.) tamak 1 n. A stain, spot, speck (on a garment, usu. caused by the sap or juice of fruits, vegetables, or leaves). Diꞌ na maīg in tamak sin badjuꞌ. The stain on your dress can’t be removed. v. ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To become stained, spotted, blemished. Ayaw butangan in dahun yan ha badjuꞌ niya bat diꞌ katamakan. Don’t put that leaf on his clothes so that they won’t be stained. OV SYN.: tagimtim; Cf.: baluba 1. 2 n. A stain or blemish (on one’s name or reputation). Awn tamak sin ngān nila. Their name has a stain. v. ran -an. (For one’s name or reputation) to be stained. Bang kaw manakaw katamakan in ngān mu. If you steal your name will be stained. OV SYN.: bukis. tamak-tawktuk n. Disgrace, stain of character. In pagkustaw niya sin sīn parinta nakarihil tamak-tawktuk ha mawmaas niya. His embezzlement of the government’s money brought disgrace to his family. OV SYN. bukis tamanang adj. (Of people or animals) barren, sterile. Hisiyu ha duwa magtiyaun in tamanang? Who is the sterile one of the married couple?    v. ST pat mag-, ma-. To become sterile. Gana-gana matamanang kaw bang kaw daran magꞌinum

kuka-kula. You might become sterile if you continuously drink coca-cola. tambaꞌ n. A lair (of a crocodile). Bakas mataud tambaꞌ buwaya ha Tawi-Tawi. Before there were plenty of crocodile lairs in Tawi-Tawi. tambak v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un; ran -an. To level (a low place), fill in (ground); pile stones (often over a grave). Magtambak kami batu ha lugal namuꞌ bat diꞌ magpisak. We will fill in the ground in our place with gravel so that it will not be muddy. Tambakun na muna dī in batu hipaglamud ha simintu. We will pile first the gravel here to be mixed with the cement. Tiyambakan nila magbalik in lupaꞌ nabī nila. They again filled in the land which they bought. tamban n. Indian sardine. Masarap in tamban ligangun sabab malapuk. Indian sardine is delicious when fried because it is crispy. Kamayaꞌ kaw magkaun tamban sabab mabukug. Be careful in eating Indian sardines because they have plenty of bones. (See Appendix 2: Fish and Swimming Marine Creatures) tambang n. A pledge in the form of money or jewelry (given to the parents of a stolen woman by the man who has eloped with or kidnapped her, so as to avert trouble). Subay hiparā in tambang pa maas sin babai bat diꞌ maglingug. The money (as a pledge) must be sent to the girl’s parents so that there won’t be trouble. SYN. tampan maru tambayangan n. A variety of edible bivalve shellfish. Managat kitaniyu tambayangan. Let’s look for edible bivalve shellfish. (See Appendix 3: Seashells, Seaweeds, etc.) tambiluk n. A sea worm (that lives on trees, logs, and sides of wooden ships). Mataud tuud tambiluk naghuhulaꞌ ha kahuy ha kīd sin lansa. There are so many sea worms living on the wooden sides of the launch. (See Appendix 3: Seashells, Seaweeds, etc.) *tambin v. ag mag-; ran pag-…-an. (For two or more people) to carry (something) in between them (by any method). Pagtambini niyu in tubig ini. You carry this can filled with water between you. (See dā for table.) tambis 1 n. A tree that produces the fruit in sense 2. Eugenia aquea (See Appendix 5: Plants) 2 n. The bell-shaped edible fruit of this tree (some taste sweet, some sour). Masarap in tambis pula tublakan tawyu. The red bell-shaped edible fruit is delicious when you dip it in soy sauce.

tambu-tambu n. A balloon. In tambu-tambu kiyagiikan ku, miyustak. The balloon that I stepped on burst. Huyupa in tambu-tambu ha bataꞌ-bataꞌ bat diꞌ tumangis. Blow up the balloon for the child so she won’t cry. Malagguꞌ tuud in tambu-tambu nakalupad ha kumkuman hi Utuꞌ. The balloon that flew up from Sonny’s hand was very big. tambuꞌ n. A decorated room for unmarried girls in the family.{The walls are lined with silk and satin cloth decorated with multicolored pieces of cloth and furnished with a decorative cloth ceiling (lūhul). The bed has a thick non-transparent net (kulambuꞌ) so that the girls can’t be seen.} Maingat hi inaꞌ magtahiꞌ tambuꞌ. My mother knows how to sew a decorated room. Ayaw mu bugitan in pīs-pīs yan, hinangun hi inaꞌ tambuꞌ. Don’t throw away those pieces of cut cloth, Mother will make them into a decorated room for Indaꞌ. tambuk n. Corpulence, fatness, obesity, plumpness, chubbiness. Makakūg-kūg in tambuk sin bataꞌ ini. The child’s chubbiness is nice to see.    v. ST pat -um-. To become stout, fat, corpulent, plump, chubby, fleshy. Kaun kaw mataud bat kaw tumambuk. Eat plenty so you will become fat.    adj. matambuk Stout, fat, corpulent, plump, chubby, fleshy. Bukun matambuk in manuk nabī ku. The chicken I bought is not fleshy. OV SYN. tabaꞌ tambuku n. An (ordinary) button, a gold button used on a traditional tight-fitting blouse. Sanguni tambuku in badjuꞌ mu masigpit. Fasten buttons on your form-fitting dress.    v. CH 1 ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To button (something, as a dress). Tambukuha ba in badjuꞌ ku. Will you button up my dress.    v. AR ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To put buttons on (a garment), (for a garment) to have buttons. In badjuꞌ sin manga sultan nakauna tiyatambukuhan bulawan. The shirts of the kings in olden times had gold buttons. tambul 1 adj. Closed. Tambul in kaupis-upisan bang adlaw Ahad. All the offices are closed on Sundays. v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To close (something, as a door, lid, road, opening, store or office); turn off (a light, an engine, etc.). Tambula in lawang. Close the door. 2 adj. Unlucky. Tambul in suratan mu, Indaꞌ. Diꞌ kaw mahinang mastal ha adlaw susūngun. Your fate is

unlucky, Indaꞌ. You won’t become a teacher in the future. tambul būd n. The moon when it is just beginning to wane. Cf. damlag tambuliꞌ 1 n. Chambered nautilus. (See Appendix 3: Seashells, Seaweeds, etc.) 2 n. A trumpet (the shell of the above used as a trumpet). Tambuliꞌ in paghuyupun bang awn pagtipuntipun ha lawm kawman. The trumpet is blown when there is a meeting in the community. tambusaꞌ n. A round basket (for carrying fruit, esp. mangoes and lanzones, made of woven coconut leaves, usu. made new to transport fruit and then discarded). SYN. japang taming n. A shield, covering for protection (as from rain, lightning, sun, a blow, or prying eyes). Butangan ta taming in piyaglilingkuran ta bat kita diꞌ kapasuan suga. Let’s put up a shield for our seat so that we won’t be hit by the sun.    v. AR ag mag-; ran -an. To provide (something) with a cover, shield. Tamingi in samin, awn kilat. Cover the mirror, for there’s lightning. Cf. *tampan 1 tammat adj. (Of a song, message, poem, etc.) ended. Tammat na in kalangan hipuꞌ sin kaluluuyan. The music that was full of sweetness is ended. Cf. ubus, tangbus    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To graduate (from one’s studies of the Holy Koran). Tumammat na kaw dayn ha Kuraan bang kaw makabassa na dayn ha tagnaan sampay pa kahinapusan sin Kuraan. You may graduate from your studies of the Koran if you can read from the beginning to the end of it. Cf. tangbus tampak adv. In the direction of, toward. In bāy namuꞌ tampak pa unahan sin tabuꞌ. Our house is toward the front of the market. SYN. tampal 1 *tāmpak v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To say (something) frankly in the presence of the one concerned, talk face to face (with someone). Minsan kami magtāmpak diꞌ ku da payluhan in bissara. I won’t deny what I said even if we talk face to face. OV SYN. tampal 2; Cf. alup 1, mata taynga 1 tampal 1 adv. In the direction of, toward. Tampal pa subangan sin masjid in bāy namuꞌ. Our house is toward the east side of the mosque. SYN.: tampak. adj. matampal Free from obstruction, clear, obvious, plain. Matampal mari pa bāy nila in jambatan.

The wharf is clearly seen from their house. Matampal in ngiꞌ sin tau yan. That man’s faults are obvious. v. act/pat -um-. To be toward, in the direction of, or facing (something). Patampala mari ha ini in pagbutang mu sin pattaꞌ. When you place the picture make it face this way. OV SYN.: dapit 1. 2 v. ag mag-; goal -un. To come face to face (with someone), speak directly (to someone). Pagtampal kamu ha supaya kaingatan bang hisiyu in nagputing. Come face to face with each other so you will know who is lying. OV SYN. *tāmpak, alup 1, balharap derv. harap *tampan 1 n. A covering (for protection from rain, sun, a blow, prying eyes and the like). Butangi tampan in lawang bilik mu. Put some covering at the door of your room. v. AR ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To cover (something). Tampani in bayhuꞌ mu bat kaw diꞌ kakitaan. Cover your face so you won’t be seen. Cf.: *libun, tapuk, taming. v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To block (a missile.) Bang kaw sampakun subay mu tampanun. When you are slapped you should block it. 2 v. ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To cover for, give an excuse for (someone’s fault or defect). Tiyatampanan sin inaꞌ in dusa sin anak niya. The mother is covering the fault of her child. tampan maru Money or gold, aside from the bride price, given to a prospective bride’s parent in the case of elopement or abduction so as to avoid trouble on the part of the girl’s parent. SYN. tambang tampang n. A mature unripe coconut split in half. tamparasa n. Bluntly-spoken words (embarrassing to someone). Subay diꞌ paguwaan sin manga babai in tamparasa nila. A lady shouldn’t utter bluntly-spoken words.    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To say (something) outright which offends or embarrasses (someone), speak plainly. Aku in tumamparasa kaniya mamaytaꞌ sin ngiꞌ niya. I’ll be the one to speak plainly to him about his faults. Tamparasahun niya sadja in apuꞌ niya. He always says things to his grandfather that embarrass him. tampat n. Shrine, the grave of a prophet or a person believed to be descended from the prophet Muhammad. Subay diꞌ pagbakay-bakayun in manga tampat. The shrines should not be spoken of lightly. Cf. kubul, liyang

tampayaꞌ (var. of lampayaꞌ) adj (Of a person’s face) broad, open, round; (of an earthenware plate) large. tampil n. A religious ceremony the first night of the fast of Ramadan (people have a special meal in their homes). Cf. *puasa tampipiꞌ n. A (double telescoping) basket made of coconut leaves. Hinang kaw tampipiꞌ pagluunan ta buwahan. Make a coconut leaf basket for the lanzones.    v. CH 2 ag mag-; pat -un. To form (coconut leaves) into a basket. Tampipiun ta in dahun niyug. We will make the coconut leaves into a basket. Cf. tambusaꞌ, japang tampiyas v. act/pat mag-; ran ka-…-an. (For rain) to beat in (on someone). Magtampiyas in ulan bang mahangin. The rain beats in when it is windy. Ayaw kaw maglingkud ha tandawan, katampiyasan kaw sin ulan. Don’t sit near the window, the rain will beat in on you. Hangin in makatampiyas sin ulan. The wind causes the rain to beat in. Cf. angbi tampul n. A dressing (as bandages applied to a wound), covering (as of a leak in a roof or hole in a wall). Ayaw īgi in tampul sin paliꞌ mu. Don’t take the dressing off your wound.    v. AR ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To dress (a wound), cover (a leak or hole). Tampuli in paliꞌ mu bat diꞌ tapuan pikut. Dress your wound so that the flies will not get on it. tampung1 n. Incisor teeth, front teeth. Masipug siya kumatawa sabab way tampung sin ipun niya. He is ashamed to laugh because he has no more incisor teeth. Piyahublutan niya in tampung niya ha dintis. He had his incisor teeth extracted by the dentist. Cf. ipun tampung2 (var. of *sampung) v To close or stop (something) up. tamu (gimb. taꞌmu) n. Rice cooked in a (small) woven coconut-leaf basket (often carried as provisions [lutuꞌ] on journeys). Magkugdan tuud in tamu iban satti. Rice cooked in a woven coconut-leaf basket goes well with kabobs.    v. CH 1 ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To cook rice in a woven coconut-leaf basket. Kāꞌ kaw madtu lukay magtamu kitaniyu. Go and get some coconut leaves, we will cook rice in a woven coconut-leaf basket. Cf. junay

tamuning 1 n. Placenta. In tamuning hipagbutang ha baung, hipuun sin abu ampa hikubul atawa hihulug ha giꞌtung lawd. The placenta is placed in a cleaned-out coconut shell, filled with ashes and then buried or thrown into the middle of the ocean. 2 n. Something worthless or of very little value. Bang siya bunuun sin banta niya, hambuuk tamuning da sa yan. If his enemy kills him, (it’s all right), he’s only a worthless thing. *tamung v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To wear clothes. Subay kaw magtamung marayaw. You should wear good clothes. OV SYN. *pakay 1    n. tamungun Clothes. In manga tamungun ha bubuwaran tahay na. The clothes on the clothesline are already dry.    n. panamung Costume, manner of dressing. Subay panamung Sūg in tamungun niyu ha pagpanayamnayaman. You should wear Tausug costumes for the play. Cf. badjuꞌ tamus (gimb. taꞌmus) v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To suck out juice (from a ripe fruit [usu. mampallam, wanni, or bawnuꞌ] or candy). Mabayaꞌ tuud aku magtamus mampallam hinug. I really love to suck juice out of a ripe mango. Tamusun ku na sadja in mampallam hinug ini. I’ll just suck out the juice from this ripe mango. OV SYN. supsup 1 *tanak vt. CV 2 ag -um-; pat -un, hi-; ran -an. To drop (something purposely). Hitanak ku in panyuꞌ ha daig niya. I’ll drop my handkerchief near him. Tanaki buhangin in liyalabayan mu. Drop sand on the way you pass.    vi. ST pat ma-. (For something) to drop or fall. Natanak in sīn ku ha dān. My money dropped on the road. Cf. hulug 1 tanam1 n. A feeling of comfort or discomfort. Mangiꞌ tanam ku ha badjuꞌ ini. I don’t feel comfortable in this dress.    v. pat -um-. To feel comfortable. Diꞌ aku makatanam ha bāy ini. I don’t feel comfortable in this house.    adj. matanam (Of a dress, house, etc.) comfortable, suitable; (of a tool or piece of equipment) easy to use or work with. Matanam in Lupaꞌ Sūg paghulaan. Jolo is a comfortable place to live. tanam2 adj. Ready, prepared. Tanam sila asal bang gumubat in manga banta. They are prepared for the

attack of their enemy.    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To prepare, get ready or all set (for something, as a battle or an attack). Tanamun ku in manga pakukus. I’ll get the bladed weapons ready. Cf. sakap tandaꞌ n. A mark, sign, symbol. In tandaꞌ sin bangsa amuna in panji. The flag is the symbol that represents the nation. Cf. indan *tandak v. ag mag-, -um-; pat hi-; ran -an. To stamp one’s feet. Ayaw kaw magtandak awn natutūg. Don’t stamp your feet, there’s somebody sleeping. Hitandak niya in siki niya. He will stamp his feet. Cf. lakud-lakud, tikdag tandaw v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To look through an opening or window (as from a house, bus, or airplane). Tandaw kaw bat mu aku kakitaan. Look through the opening so you can see me. Tiyandaw niya in kappal timulak. She looked out at the ship sailing away.    n. tandawan/panandawan A window. Timandaw siya dayn ha tandawan. She looked out of the window. Cf. hundaw 1 tanding v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To look at (something) carefully, examine, inspect, scrutinize (something). Tandinga in sīn yan, gana-gana paltik. Look at that money carefully, it might be imitation. OV SYN. patung2, liling tanduꞌ n. A headland, cape, promontory, point of land jutting out into a body of water. In lansa nakaabut na pa tanduꞌ. The launch has reached the promontory. tandug n. A severe chill (from a sickness, often malaria). Mataud tau nasakit tandug ha Sulari sabab landuꞌ mahilam. Many people on Sulari are sick with malarial chill because there are so many mosquitoes. (See Appendix 8: Diseases)    v. ST pat -un. To develop a chill. Tandugun sa kān bang kaw diꞌ minum ubat. You’ll get chills if you don’t take medicine. Magjugjug in baran sin tau yan sabab tiyatandug. That fellow’s body is shaking because he has malarial chills. tanduk n. A horn (of cattle, sheep, etc.). Asibiꞌ pa in tanduk sin sapiꞌ yaun. The horns of that cow are still small.

   v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To butt, gore (something) with the horns. Kamayaꞌ kaw tandukun kaw sin kābaw. Be careful, the carabao might gore you with his horns. taniyu pron. (Speaker-hearer pl. non-topic actor/causer and possessor pronoun) we, our. Cf. natuꞌ tantu adj. Sure, certain. Tantu tuud magad aku kaymu. I’m very sure to go with you. Bukun tantu in bichara niya. What he says is not certain.    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To make sure, assure, give assurance. Tantuhun mu tuud diꞌ siya magmula. Make sure that he’ll not be harmed. Cf. bunnal tanud n. Thread. Bī kaw tanud hipagtahiꞌ ta sin badjuꞌ mu. Buy thread to sew your dress. SYN. salban; Cf. bannang    v. AR ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To thread (a needle or sewing machine). Aku in magtanud sin jawm. I’ll be the one to thread the needle. Subay tanuran in makina. You should thread the sewing machine. tanug 1 n. The volume (of a sound or voice). Biyaꞌdiin in tanug sin radiyu niyu? How’s the volume of your radio? adj. matanug Loud. Matanug in tingug niya. Her voice is loud. vi. ST pat -um-. To become louder, (for the volume of a sound) to increase. Subay mu patanugun in tingug bat ku karungugan. You’ve got to make your voice louder so I can hear. Ayaw kaw magpatanug sin radyu, awn natutūg. Don’t increase the volume of your radio. Somebody is sleeping. vt. CV 1 pat hi-. To make (something) known, proclaim, announce, publish (something) publicly. Subay hitanug in pagtunang sin manga anak ta. We must announce publicly the engagement of our children. OV SYN.: mahalayak. 2 adj. Famous, well-known. Tanug in ngan hi Jose Rizal ha katilingkal sin dunya. Jose Rizal is famous throughout the world. OV SYN. tanyag, bantug 1 *tanum 1 v. ag mag-, -um-; pat hi-; ran -an. To plant (something). Magtanum aku sayul ha taykud bāy namuꞌ. I’ll plant vegetables in our backyard. Hain mu hitanum in sumping yan? Where will you plant that flower? Diꞌ katanuman manggis in lupaꞌ ini. Mangosteen cannot be planted on this land. n. pananum Plants; that which has been planted, a crop. Nagkangiꞌ in pananum lugay sin panuga. The plants were destroyed during the dry season. Cf.: tumbu-tumbuhan.

2 v. ag mag-, -um-; pat hi-. {Euph.} To bury (something). Kunsūm na hitanum in bangkay hi Apuꞌ. Tomorrow the body of Grandpa will be buried. Cf. kubul tangaꞌ adj./adv. (Of speech) stammering. Diꞌ ku kaingatan in imutang mari kākuꞌ saꞌ amura in kakilahan ku tangaꞌ siya magbissara. I don’t know the one who came here to borrow from me, the only way I can recognize him is his stammering speech. In tau tangaꞌ mahunit mu kahātihan in bissara niya. It is hard for you to understand what a stammering person says.    n. A stammerer. In tangaꞌ nagkālu iban sin bisu. The stammerer and a deaf person are fighting. *tangaꞌ v. CV 3 ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To carry (something) with the mouth, dangling from the mouth. Tiyatangaꞌ sin kuting in ambaw. The cat is carrying the mouse with her mouth. (See dā for table.) *tangas [Eastern Jolo and offshore islands]v. ag mag-; goal -an. To burn incense to spirits or jīn (either to ask help from them or keep them away). Subay kita magtangas kamanyan bang dūm Jumaat. We should burn incense to the spirits on the evening of Friday (i.e., Thursday nights). OV SYN. *tugtug; Cf. sunug tangbus adj. Finished, completed, concluded, graduated (as of a meeting, discussion, course of study at a school). Tangbus na in pagꞌiskul niya. He already graduated from school.    vt. ag mag-; pat -un; ran ka-…-an. To finish or complete (work, a meeting, discussion, a course of study). Tangbusun ku muna in pagꞌiskul ku ampa aku magꞌasawa. I will finish my studies first and then I’ll get married. U.P. in kiyatangbusan niya sin pangadjiꞌ abugaw. He finished his law study at U.P.    vi. pat ma-. To be finished, completed, concluded, graduated. Natangbus na in pagbilmaarup nila kahapun. Their conference was concluded yesterday. OV SYN. tapus; Cf. ubus, tammat, talus2 tangdan 1 n. Payment, reward. Pila in tangdan magpatahiꞌ badjuꞌ kaymu? How much is your payment for sewing the clothes? Unu in tangdan dīhil kaymu? What was the reward given to you? v. ag mag-, -um-, mang-; goal -an. To give a reward (for accomplishing an errand), pay (someone), hire (someone). Minsan kaw diꞌ magtangdan bang kaw dumaak kakuꞌ. You can request me (to do something) even if you don’t pay me. Manangdan aku tau magdā sin luwan ku. I’ll hire someone to carry my luggage. Tangdanan ta kaw bang mu kabaakan in anak ku. If you can find my child I’ll

give you a reward. Kawgun in sīn mu bang mu hipagtangdan ha dugaing tau. You will waste your money if you use it to pay somebody else. 2 n. A bribe. v. ag mag-, -um-, mang-; pat -un. To bribe (someone). Hangkan sila dimaug naghukum bat tiyangdanan nila in huwis. The reason they won the judgment (i.e., the verdict was in their favor) was that they bribed the judge. OV SYN.: *suap. tangday v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un; ran -an. To rest one’s leg on (a pillow or someone’s leg). Tangday kaw ha ūan ini. You can rest your leg on this pillow.    n. tangdayan Something (esp. a pillow) where one rests one’s leg (when sleeping or resting). Diꞌ aku makatūg marayaw bang way tangdayan ku. I cannot rest well if there is nothing to rest my leg on. OV SYN. bingal tanggal1 adj. (Of behavior) bad, (of deeds) wrong (often spoken of gambling and drinking). In tau subay diꞌ huminang tanggal palangay atawa piil in Tuhan nagjajaga kātuꞌ. A person should not have bad character or do wrong things, God is watching us. Diꞌ aku huminang tanggal minsan makadihil daya kākuꞌ. I’ll not do wrong things even if it will make me rich.    v. ag mag-, -um-. To do (something) wrong. Ayaw na kaw magtanggal magꞌinum, sabab way kapūsan. Don’t do wrong by drinking any more, (i.e., stop doing wrong by…) because there’s no use in it. tanggal2 1 vt. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un; ran -an. [No difference in meaning between -un and -an.] To remove (a part of something from the whole). Subay tanggalun na in panyap nagkangiꞌ ha makina. (The mechanic) should remove the part of the engine that broke. vi. ST pat ma-. (For something) to come apart, (for a part of something) to come off (from the whole). Natanggal in hansipak silikan sin jīp namuꞌ. One wheel of our jeep came off. OV SYN.: tangtang. 2 adj. (With īman) having no (moral strength, patience, resistance to temptation). In tau tanggal īman, amu na in tau diꞌ kapangandulan. A person who has no moral strength, that’s a person who can’t be trusted. tanggu v. ag mag-, -um-; goal -an. To postpone, cause (someone) to wait (esp. for the payment of a debt). Tanggu kaw ha kiyautangan mu pa tapus bulan. Let your creditor wait till the end of the month. Tangguhan ku pa kunsūm in pagtulak namuꞌ. I’ll put off our trip until tomorrow.

*tanggung v. CV 3 ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To carry (something) on one’s shoulders with poles. Tanggunga in duwa suꞌgub buwahan. Carry two baskets of lanzones on a pole between you.    n. tanggungan A pole used to carry something. Bulaꞌ in tanggungan niya. His carrying pole is a flat bamboo slat. (See dā for table.) tanghab v. ag mag-, -um-, mang-; pat -un. (For an animal) to seize, bite, cut into, or cut off (something) with its teeth. Bang kaw madtu pa bāy yaun matanghab kaw sin iruꞌ. If you go to that house the dog will seize you. In bangbang sin bataꞌ-bataꞌ natanghab sin iruꞌ. The dog seized the baby’s cake. Cf. kutkut, *dagit *tanghul v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. (For dogs) to bark. Magtanghul in iruꞌ namuꞌ bang mākitaꞌ tau. Our dog barks if it sees people.    n. pagtanghul The barking (of a dog). Miyugaꞌ aku sin pagtanghul sin iruꞌ kabii. The barking of the dog last night frightened me. Cf. *usig, *taul tangil n. Projecting canine teeth (in humans), fangs (in animals, monsters, or spirits). Taga tangil in darakula kītaꞌ ku ha sīni. The vampire I saw in the movie has fangs. Cf. taling tangis v. ag mag-, -um-; pat pag-…-un. To cry or weep, shed tears. Tumangis in bataꞌ-bataꞌ bang diꞌ makaduruꞌ. The baby will cry if he can’t nurse. Pagtangisun aku bang ku katumtuman in kasigpitan kiyalabayan ku. I cry whenever I remember the hardship I have experienced. Ayaw mu patangisa in bataꞌ. Don’t make the child cry. Cf. tulik, asang2 , *hukuꞌ-hukuꞌ, dangulngul, *matay tangkaꞌ v. ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To restrain, curb, control (one’s appetite or desire). Bang in babai nangingiram subay diꞌ magtangkaꞌ sin napsu niya. When a woman is pregnant she should not restrain her appetite (for special food she fancies to eat). Mahunit niya tangkaan in bayaꞌ niya ha babai yan. It is hard for him to curb his passion for that woman. Cf. sandal, tahan tangkal1 n. Backbone, spinal column. Nabaliꞌ in tangkal niya. His backbone was broken. tangkal2 v. AR ag mag-; ran -an. To tie (something heavy) onto (something, to make it sink in water). Subay tangkalan batu mabuggat in patay iruꞌ bat diꞌ hilantup. You should tie a heavy stone on the dead dog so it won’t float.

tangkay n. A stem, stalk (of a plant); handle (of a ladle, cup, pan, etc.); bow or temple (of a pair of glasses). Nabaliꞌ in tangkay sin sumping. The stem of the flower is broken. Cf. sanga    v. AR ag mag-; ran -an. To provide a handle (for something), a bow or temple (for glasses). Tangkayan ta kahuy in luwag yan. We will put a wooden handle on that ladle. Cf. pūhan tangkiꞌ 1 n. An extra finger or toe (attached to a normal one). Laung nila marayaw sukud in tau awn tangkiꞌ sin gulamay lima. They said that a person who has an extra finger (attached to a normal one) has good luck. Dayahan tuud in tau maas lannang taga tangkiꞌ in gulamay yaun. That old Chinese man with an extra finger is very rich. Mangiꞌ pagꞌuturan in tangkiꞌ ha gulamay sin tau. It is not good to amputate an extra finger of a person’s hand. adj. tangkian Having an extra finger or toe. 2 v. ag mag-; pat -un. To sew (two or more pieces of cloth) together. Bang maghinang habul dakulaꞌ subay tangkiun duwa habul. When one makes a large sarong one should sew two sarongs together. OV SYN. tangkil tangkig n. A variety of small sea snake. Mabugaꞌ aku ha tangkig. I am afraid of the sea snake. Magpanuruk in hās tangkig bang kaw kakitaan mamayguꞌ ha dagat. The sea snake will enter your anus if it sees you swimming in the sea. Samut kaw kāa in sāpang, tagbakun ku in hās tangkig yaun. Quick, get the spear, I’ll spear that sea snake. (See Appendix 4: Animals, Non-flying) tangkikil (var. tangkiki) n. A wart. Mataud tangkikil ha gulamay lima niya. He has lots of warts on his finger.    v. ST pat -un. To develop warts. Tangkikilun kaw bang kaw kalaminan niya. You’ll develop warts if you catch them from him. Tiyatangkikil in takuꞌ sin bataꞌ ini. This child’s chin has lots of warts. tangkil v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un; ran -an. To sew (pieces of cloth) together. Subay tangkilun duwa palmaddaniꞌ ampa makajukup hipaghanig ha lantay sin masjid. Two carpets must be sewn together and then it will be enough to cover the floor of the mosque. In lagguꞌ sin bāy nila subay tangkilan hangka-būs kakanaꞌ in lūhul ampa makaabut. Their house is so large that a roll of cloth has to be sewn onto the cloth ceiling so it will be big enough. *tangkis 1 v. ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To avoid, evade, dodge (something as a blow or potholes in a road

by moving quickly aside); avoid (someone). Magtangkis siya bang niya aku kakitaan. He avoids me whenever he sees me. Katangkisan ku in suntuk sin kuntara ku. I can evade the blow of my opponent. 2 v. ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To take precautions to avoid (something that might cause difficulty or injury), evade (something unpleasant). Subay kita tumangkis dayn ha kālu. We should avoid a quarrel. Ayaw kaw tumangkis dayn ha utang mu. Don’t evade (payment of) your debt. adj. matangkis Characterized by avoiding (something). In tau lisuan asal matangkis dayn ha hinang. A lazy person is always characterized by avoiding (i.e., avoids) work. Cf.: halliꞌ 1. tangkug (var. tingkug2) v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To touch, move (something). Ayaw mu tangkuga in tau yan. Don’t touch that fellow. Tiyangkug niya in diyarā ku hangkan na nahulug. He touched the thing I was carrying, that’s why it fell. tangkup n. The joint where the stem joins the fruit or flower. Ayaw pusua in mampallam dayn ha tangkup niya. Don’t break the mango from the place where its stem joins it. tangkuwa n. An indigenous confection made from cassava or soybeans.{Procedure: cook the cassava and slice it into pieces then fry in oil in a frying pan. After it’s cooked, fry it again in melted sugar until it’s sticky.} Marayaw in tangkuwa inumun sin tau iyuutus sabab haggut ini. Cassava cake is good to be taken as medicine for people with chicken pox because it removes heat from the body. (See Appendix 7: Kinds of Confections Served at Special Occasions) tanglung n. A Chinese lantern (made of a bamboo frame covered with paper). Subay kita maghinang na tanglung masuuk na in haylaya. We should make a Chinese lantern, for the festival is approaching. tangsiꞌ n. Nylon (monofilament) line (used for fishing). Tangsiꞌ in hukut sin taguriꞌ niya. The string of his kite is nylon line. Cf. naylun *tangsuꞌ vt. CH 1 ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To separate, detach, disjoin, disconnect (something) quickly and roughly; tear (something) off. Tiyangsuꞌ niya in ū sin munyikaꞌ. She tore off the doll’s head.    vi. ST pat ma-. To become detached, disjoined, disconnected. Natangsuꞌ in tūbu sin tubig. The water pipe has become disconnected. Cf. *larut tangtang vt. CH 1 ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To take off, remove (something from something else, as buttons

or other detachable objects); take something apart. In ād daan na maluhay tangtangun. An old fence is easy to take apart. Tangtanga in siki sin lamisahan supaya makasūd pa lawm bilik. Take off the legs of the table so that it can go inside the room.    vi. ST pat ma-. To come apart, be dismantled, come off or out (of something). Pahuguta in pagsiput bat diꞌ matangtang in saub. Screw it tightly so the lid won’t come off. OV SYN. tanggal2 1 tangu n. Wisdom teeth (of a person). Tiyubuan na tangu in bataꞌ ini. This child has wisdom teeth growing now. Cf. ipun, tampung1 *tanguꞌ v. ag mag-, -um-; goal -an. To nod, express approval or affirmation, accept (something). Ayaw kaw magtanguꞌ bang kaw diꞌ mabayaꞌ. Don’t nod when you’re not in favor. Bang kita sundalu, unuunu in uldin sin nakuraꞌ ta subay tanguan ta sadja. If we are soldiers, whatever the orders of our officers are we must always accept them. tangun 1 v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un; ran -an. To elevate (something, usu. a boat, by placing it or part of it on top of something else). Magtangun sila sin lansa nagkakangiꞌ. They are going to elevate the launch that broke down. Tangunun ta subay in lansa ha supaya kabākan in buslut niya. We have to elevate the launch so that we can find the leak. 2 v. act maka-. To recover (one’s health or wealth), improve (one’s condition). Sabab sin sakit niya walaꞌ na siya nakatangun. He was not able to recover from his sickness. OV SYN. untayaw tanyag adj. (Widely) known, famous, popular. Tanyag siya pa katān mānusiyaꞌ. He is known to all people.    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat hi-, -un. To make (something) known; proclaim, publish, announce (something). Subay hitanyag pa mahadjanaꞌ in pagbī sin sayrulla. We should announce to the populace that they should buy a residence certificate. Cf. bantug 1, mahalayak tāp (Eng.) n. [Sometimes rdp.] The quality of being forward or aggressive (in speech) (also katāp). Diꞌ aku kasulutan sin tāp niya magbissara. I’m not pleased with his aggressive manner of speaking.    adj. matāp Too forward or aggressive (in speech). Ayaw da kaw matāp bang kaw magbissara. Don’t be too forward when you speak to her.    v. ag mag-, -um-; goal -an. [Sometimes rdp.] To be forward or aggressive (in speech). Subay bukun aku in pagtāp-tāpan mu. I shouldn’t be the one that you speak forwardly to.

tapa v. CH 1 ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To roast (something) above hot embers, dry (something) over live embers (but not touching them). Tapa kaw duwa istaꞌ. Roast two fish. Tapaha niyu in lahing. Dry the coconut meat over live coals. Diꞌ aku magkaun istaꞌ tiyapa. I don’t eat roasted fish.    n. tapahan A rack on which something is roasted in this manner. Cf. dangdang, *anag tapak n. A saucer. Butangan ha tapak in sawan. Place the cup on the saucer. Cf. lāy tapaut adv. Too late, behind time. Tapaut na magpatahiꞌ badjuꞌ bihaun sabab mahapun ini na kagunahan. It’s too late now to have this dress sewed for it’s needed this afternoon. Tapaut na aku tumulak. I am too late leaving.    v. ag mag-. To be behind time, late. Magtapaut in pagtulak bang mataud pa in hinangun. The departure will be late if there’s a lot more work to do. Cf. apiki, tarasaw tapay n. An indigenous confection made of rice and sticky rice (pūtan). (Seldom made nowadays.) {Procedure: cook the rice and pūtan but undercook them, then mix them with spices especially pepper (laluꞌ). Wrap the mixture in a big leaf which is not poisonous and keep it overnight. It is ready to eat in the morning.} (See Appendix 7: Kinds of Confections Served at Special Occasions) tapiꞌ n. The siding (of a boat, made of planks). Nabagbag in tapiꞌ sin sakayan. The siding of the outrigger canoe is broken.    v. AR ag mag-; ran -an. To place planks together (so as to form the siding of a boat). Tapii in kīd sakayan mu. Plank up the side of your canoe. tapil n. Something alongside something else, companion. In tapil sin kugita ini diyaragang duun ha tabuꞌ nabī sin Milikan. The companion of this octopus sold there in the market was bought by the American.    v. pat mag-, -um-. [With mag-, both people or objects go side by side. With -um-, one is stationary and the other comes alongside it.] To approach sideways, (as a horse to a mounting block, a ship to a dock), be side by side, come alongside or get beside (something). Bang aku makarungug timbak ha lawm daira magtuy aku tumapil pa hāg simintu. When I hear shooting in the town I quickly get beside a cement post. Magpatapil aku sin kuraꞌ pa batu bat aku makasakat. I’ll let the horse approach the stone sideways so that I can mount it. Piyatapil sin kapitan in kappal pa jambatan supaya in tau makanaug. The captain let the ship approach the dock sideways so that the people can get off. OV

SYN. sampig 1, daig 1 tapil dilaꞌ n. Token of good faith (lit. cover for the tongue).{Gold jewelry or money presented to the bride’s family as a symbol or token of the honorable intention and desire of the bridegroom’s family to be related to the future in-laws. It is returned to the bridegroom’s family if the wedding goes through, but if it fails then it is considered lost and stays with the girl’s family.} tapis 1 n. A (medium-sized) blanket or dress tied around the waist reaching the ankles, sarong. In tapis niya tadjung. What she has tied around her waist is a sarong. In tapis niya kakanaꞌ biyungahan. Her dress tied around the waist is in design cloth. In walnaꞌ sin tapis niya landuꞌ matūp kaniya. The color of the blanket she has tied around her waist really suits her. v. ag mag-, mang-, -um-. To wear such a garment, fold (a sarong) around the waist. Diꞌ maingat manapis in babai ini. This girl doesn’t know how to fold (a sarong) around her waist. Cf.: ampiꞌ, habul, tadjung. v. pat -un. To use (something) as such a garment. 2 adj. Ready in every respect, prepared, equipped. Bang kaw manaw pa pagbunuan subay tapis in baran mu. When you go to war you must be ready in every respect. OV SYN. tagama, sakap tapling n. A light slap, smack. Namula in bayhuꞌ niya sin tapling mu. His face became red from your smack.    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To slap (someone lightly on the face with the palm of the hand). Taplingun ta sa kān bang kaw diꞌ magkahagad kākuꞌ. I’ll slap you if you don’t obey me. OV SYN. sampak, baga2 tapluk (var. of taklup) n The cover (of an opening or container). tapsil (var. tapsir) (Ar.) n. A translation or interpretation (of the Holy Koran). Marayaw bang awn tapsil sin Kuraan ha bahasa Sūg. It would be good if the Koran had a Tausug translation.    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To translate, interpret (the Koran). Mahunit tapsilan in Kuraan ha tau way nakapangadjiꞌ. It’s difficult to translate the Koran for those who have not taken religious studies. Cf. maana taptap (var. tattap) adv. Always, eternally, forever. Taptap kaw ha atay ku. You will always be in my heart.

   v. pat mag-, -um-. To stay (in one place), be at ease. Magtaptap na kunuꞌ siya ha bāy bang awn na tibi. He says he will stay at home if there’s a TV. Tumaptap sadja in atay ku bang kaw dī na ha bāy. My mind will be at ease only when you’re here at home. Cf. saumul, salama-lama tapuꞌ 1 v. AR ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. (For a bird or flying insect) to perch, alight. Timapuꞌ in manukmanuk ha sanga sin kahuy. The bird perched on the branch of the tree. 2 v. AR ag (a disease) -um-, mag-; ran -an. To be attacked (by a disease). Mahunit kaw tapuan sin sakit bang kaw maayad ha baran mu. You’ll not be attacked by a disease if you’re careful of yourself. tapuk v. CV 1 ag mag, -um-; pat hi-; ran -an. To hide or conceal (something). Tiyapuk niya in būk ku. He hid my book. Hitapuk ku in bataꞌ-bataꞌ ha lawm bilik. I’ll hide the child inside the room. Tapukan in būla niya. You hide his ball. Ayaw mu aku pagtapuki. Don’t conceal anything from me.    n. pagtatapukan A place for hiding. In bāy yaun pagtatapukan sin manga sugarul. That house is the hiding place of the thieves. Cf. *libun tapung n. Rice flour. Subay tapung in hipaghinang panyam. One should use rice flour to make fried rice cake.    v. CH 1 ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To pound (rice) into flour. Tapungun ta in bugas ini. Let’s pound this rice into flour. Cf. tirigu tapus n. (With bulan) the end. Maggadji kami ha tapus bulan. We’ll receive our salary at the end of the month.    v. pat ma-; goal -un; ran -an. To reach the end or limit (of one’s kindness, advice or counsel), interrogate exhaustively. Natapus aku naghinduꞌ ha anak ku saꞌ diꞌ magkahagad. I’ve given my son all the advice that I can but he won’t listen to me. Tapusun ku in dayaw ku kaymu. I’ll reach the end of my kindness to you. Tapusi in tau yan bat mamaytaꞌ sin bunnal. Interrogate that man exhaustively so he’ll tell you the truth. Cf. ubus, tangbus, tubtub 1, *jangkaꞌ, hinapusan *tāraꞌ v. ag mag-, -um-; goal -un. To gad about, saunter, loiter. Bukun marayaw in budjang magtāraꞌ dūm adlaw. It’s not proper for ladies to gad about day and night.    n. pagtāraꞌ The act of gadding, sauntering, loitering. Unu in kiyabākan mu ha pagtāraꞌ mu? What did you find during your sauntering? Cf. panaw 1, *lunsul, kātay, *pasiyal

tāran (var. tādan) (see tagad) n. A source of income. tarapu (var. trapu) n. A rag for dusting or cleaning.    v. AR ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To wipe (something) with a rag. Tarapuhi in lamisahan. Wipe the table with a rag. OV SYN. *lanuꞌ; Cf. *pahid tarasaw adj. Late, delayed, overdue, belated. Tarasaw in pagdatung sin kappal. The arrival of the boat was late.    vi. ST pat ma-. To be late, overdue, delayed, belated. Samut kaw. Matarasaw kita. Hurry up. We’ll be late.    vt. ag mag-; pat -un. To make (something) late, delay (something). Tiyarasaw mu isab in panaw ku ha pagtāran kaymu. You delayed my going out with waiting for you. Cf. *antaraꞌ, tapaut tarasul n. A (rhyming) poem.{Rhymes aaaa, bbbb, cccc, etc.} Makahansul atay in tarasul niya. His poems will stir your emotions.    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un; goal/ben -an. To recite or chant a poem. Tarasul kaw dūm ini. Recite us a poem tonight. Tarasuli aku sin marayaw. Recite to me a good poem. Cf. sindil, baat taratu n. A person with whom one has a business contact. Lawag kaw taratu mu Samal bang kaw magbisnis tahay. Look for a Sama business contact if you go into the dried fish market.    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To make a business contact (with someone). Ayaw kaw magtaratu iban tau pangustaw. Don’t make a business contact with an embezzler. Cf. sukiꞌ tarawi n. The evening prayer during Ramadan (usu. at the mosque; takes the place of the usual prayer and consists of more rakaat).    v. ag mag-, -um-. To perform this prayer. Bang in Muslim saꞌbu nagpupuasa wajib da isab kaniya in magad magtarawi. When a Muslim is fasting he is obligated to perform the evening Ramadan prayer. Cf. sambahayang taraysikul (Eng.) n. A tricycle (a bicycle or motorcycle with a sidecar for carrying passengers), pedicab. Duwa pilak in sukay ha taraysikul. The fare by pedicab is two pesos.    v. ag mag-; goal -un. To ride on or drive such a tricycle. Magtaraysikul kita pagꞌuwiꞌ dayn ha tabuꞌ.

We will ride a tricycle home from the market. tarik n. A cockpit. Mataud tau nagbulang ha tarik. There were many people entering their cocks in fights at the cockpit. SYN. bulangan bulang taritib (var. tartib) n. Rules, regulations; the sequence (of a course of study, of a story, etc.). In taritib ha paghinduꞌ magbista umbul kalagihan adlaw-adlaw. The rules (principles) in teaching numbers are needed every day. In taritib sin salsila niya himūp pa utuk sin kabataan. The sequence of his narration stuck in the minds of the children. In taritib sin saraꞌ sin parinta subay diꞌ ta langgalun. We must not go against the rules and regulations of the law of the government.    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To follow a sequence, put (things) in sequence. Bang kita maghinduꞌ magbassa subay taritibun in paghinduꞌ dayn ha tagnaan sampay pa kahinapusan. When we teach reading we should follow the sequence of teaching from the beginning to the end. tarkadjut adj. Sudden, happening unexpectedly, instantaneous. In sakit niya tarkadjut, hangkan da walaꞌ siya narā pa huspital. Her illness was sudden; that’s why she wasn’t taken to a hospital. In kamatay kaniya tarkadjut. Her death was sudden.    v. act mag-. To happen suddenly. In pahāti niya pasal sin pagtulak namuꞌ nagtarkadjut. His information about our journey happened suddenly. OV SYN. apiki; Cf. *taghaꞌ tarrang adj. Legal, lawful, licensed, legitimate (also matarrang). Tarrang in pagꞌusaha niya. His business is legal.    n. katarrangan License, written permit, proof of legality or legitimacy. Diꞌ kaw makabī bugas mataud bang way katarrangan mu dayn ha parinta. You cannot buy rice in large quantities if you don’t have a written permit from the government.    vi. ST pat -um-. To become legal, legitimate. Tumarrang sa in lupaꞌ mu yan bang mu kawaan sulat ha parinta. Your ownership of the land will become legitimate if you secure papers of ownership from the government.    vt. pat -un (usu. with pa₂). To make (something) legal. Subay tarrangun in pagdā sinapang pa lawm daira. The carrying of firearms into the city should be made legal. tarsangngang adj. Taken aback, stunned, startled; amazed. Tarsangngang in tau katān pagdungug sin

habal. The people were stunned by the news.    v. ST pat magka-, ma-. To be taken aback, stunned, startled. Matarsangngang sān in tunang mu pagkitaꞌ kaymu. Your fiancé will be taken aback when he sees you. Cf. kublaꞌ, inu-inu 1, haylan tarsila (var. of salsila) n A genealogy, genealogical story. tāruk n. A mast (of a boat). Nabaliꞌ in tāruk sin kumpit. The mast of the sailing boat is broken. Subay awn tāruk sin bangkaꞌ malagguꞌ bat kabutangan banug. A large outrigger canoe should have a mast so we can put a sail on it. tarung n. A topknot (an ornamental knot of hair or bow of ribbon worn on top of the head), the crest (of a bird). Bīhan ku pa tarung biyaꞌ ini hi Indaꞌ. I’ll buy Indaꞌ a topknot like this. Malingkat pakarayaw in tarung nabī mu kan Indaꞌ. The topknot you bought for Indaꞌ is very beautiful.    v. ag/act mag-, mag-…-an. To have such an ornamental knot of hair, (for birds) to have a crest. Mabayaꞌ kaw magtarung? Do you want to have a topknot? tasa n. A drinking cup (with a handle, made of metal). Hinang kaw kahawa ha tasa. Make coffee in the metal cup. OV SYN. sawan1, basu *tasak 1 v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To crush (something with one’s feet with the intent to destroy it), trample on (something). Tiyasak sin manga kabataan in pananum ha halaman niya. The kids crushed the plants in his garden. Tiyasak sin bataꞌ in kulangan sin tawmpaꞌ malummiꞌ. The child trampled on the bedding with dirty shoes. Cf. giik 2 v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To pierce (someone). Tasaka siya sin budjak. Pierce him with a spear. Cf. dugsuꞌ tasdik v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To take (something) to heart, (with atay) remember (something) well. Tiyasdik niya pa atay niya in hinduꞌ sin maas niya. She took her parent’s teachings to heart. Subay pagtasdikun in manga hinduꞌ sin guru. We have to take to heart the teachings of the religious teachers. Tasdika ha atay mu, na in bāy ini biyaꞌ da kaymu. Remember it well, this house is like it belongs to you. OV SYN. tawꞌ tastas adj. Torn on the seam. Tastas in tahiꞌ sin buktun sin badjuꞌ niya. The end of her sleeves is torn on

the seam.    vt. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un; ran -an. [With -un, the act will be done now. With -an, it will be some time yet.] To cut or tear stitches (so as to) open a seam, hem, etc.; rip (a garment). Magtastas aku sin pantalun ku hawpuꞌ bat mausal balik. I’ll rip my pants that are short so that they can still be used. Subay tastasan ku in duhul sin pantalun ini bat humabaꞌ-habaꞌ. I have to rip the cuff of my pants so that they will be a little longer.    vi. pat ma-. (For a garment) to become ripped (i.e., the stitches opened). Natastas in tahiꞌ sin pantalun niya sabab asibiꞌ na kaniya. The sewing of his pants has become ripped because they are already small for him. tatab v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To observe (with a purpose), ferret out secrets, try to find (something) out (by observing and asking questions). In tau ini nagtatab sin pagsuntuk. This man is observing the boxing. Timatab aku sin pikilan mu. I’m trying to find out your thoughts. Tiyatab kita bang umatu da kanila. They are observing us to see if we will fight them. Timatab sadja in tau bang kita katilasan mangiꞌ in pikilan. They are just observing (us) to see if we can be detected to be bad. tatahan n. The shaft of a fish spear. Mabaliꞌ in tatahan sin sāpang niya. The shaft of his fish spear was broken. Marayaw in kahinang sin tatahan hi Abdul. The shaft of the fish spear of Abdul was well made. tataklayan n. Forearm. Malantik in tataklayan niya bang siya mangalay. Her forearms are curved when she dances. Cf. buktun 1 (See Appendix 6: The Parts of the Body) tatal v. CH 1 ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To strike (something) many times (with the hand or an object); (for bullets) to riddle (something). Tiyatal niya in anak niya sin bulaꞌ kahapun. He struck his child many times with a stick yesterday. Natatal tuud sin pungluꞌ in tarak hangkan mataud miyatay iban nahawl. The bus was riddled with bullets, that’s why many died or were wounded. Cf. *tadtad 2 tatas n. Endurance, perseverance (as in difficulty or hardship). In tatas sin tau awn sadja sangkaan. There are always limits to a person’s endurance.    v. ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To withstand, endure, bear up under. Tatasi in katān kasigpitan. Bear up under all the difficulties of life. Diꞌ aku makatatas maghulaꞌ dī hangka-bulan. I can’t endure staying

in this place for a month.    adj. matatas Able to resist, withstand, or endure. Matatas siya dumā paliꞌ. He is able to endure being wounded. OV SYN. sandal; Cf. sabal1 , kamdus 1 tatat adv. Tremblingly, quaveringly, shakingly (as from fear, cold, hunger, excitement). Tatat na siya dimāgan. She fled tremblingly.    v. pat mang-. To tremble, quaver, shake, shiver. Nanatat siya sin haggut. She shivered from cold. SYN. pidpid tattap (var. of taptap) adv Always, forever, eternally. tau 1 n. A human being, person. In tau katān piyapanjari sin Tuhan. All people were created by God. Cf.: mānusiyaꞌ, mahluk. v. AR ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To stay and occupy or watch (a place). Tauhi in bāy bang kami way dī. Stay and watch our house when we are not here. v. pat -un. To be visited (by someone). Bang gubnul in magparkalaꞌ tantuꞌ tauhun tuud siya. If the governor holds an affair certainly he will be visited by many people (i.e., many will attend). 2 n. rdp. A statue, scarecrow, effigy. 3 n. pagkatau Status, reputation, distinction or mark in society. Mangiꞌ in pagkatau niya. He has a bad reputation. tau-tau mata (comp.) n. The pupil of the eye. tau dagang n. A stranger, someone who has no relatives in a place. Maluhay dupangun in tau dagang. It is easy to fool a stranger. In tau dagang iyampa makakawn pa hulaꞌ. A stranger is a person who has just come to a place. tau-tau mata n. The pupil of the eye. Cf. agung-agung mata (See Appendix 6: The Parts of the Body) taub n. High tide. Subay na taub ampa kita mamingit. We’ll have to wait for high tide and then we’ll fish (with hook and line).    v. ST pat mag-, -um-. To become high tide. Lumayag kita bang tumaub. We’ll sail when it becomes high tide.    v. ran -an. To be reached by high tide. Tiyauban in kumpit ha taas hunasan hangkan iyanud pa

kabāyan. The boat on the shore was reached by high tide, that’s why it floated to the houses. ANT. hunas 1; Cf. lawm 1.1 taud n. Number, quantity, multitude, profusion. Pila in taud sin patung kagunahan mu? How many pieces of bamboo poles do you need?    adj. mataud Numerous, many, plenty, various, profuse, populous, swarming. Mataud sanam sin sukal. The sugar is swarming with ants.    v. ST pat mag-, -um-. To increase in number, quantity, become numerous or profuse, swarm with. Magtataud in tau ha Lupaꞌ Sūg. The population of Jolo is increasing. Cf. banus, sakkiyan *tāud v. ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To approve of (someone’s action, decision, plan, etc.), overlook or condone (someone’s action). Bang mu walaꞌ tiyāuran in pikilan niya diꞌ siya madtu. If you had not approved of his decision he would not have gone there. Ayaw mu tāuri in hinang mangiꞌ sin anak mu. Don’t condone the wrongdoing of your child. *taul v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. (For dogs) to howl. Nagtaul in manga iruꞌ. The dogs are howling. Mabugaꞌ aku bang in iruꞌ magtaul. I get scared when a dog howls.    n. pagtaul The howling of a dog. Diyungug mu in pagtaul sin manga iruꞌ? Did you hear the howling of the dogs? Cf. *tanghul, *usig taun1 n. Something (esp. money) risked in a game of chance, bet. Pila sīn in taun mu? How much is your bet?    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat hi-; ran -an. To stake (something, esp. money) in a game of chance, bet (one’s money on something). Tumaun aku ha kuraꞌ umbul pitu. I’ll bet on horse number seven. Taunan ku in umbul tiyagainup ku kabii. I’ll bet on the number I dreamed of last night. Cf. tūk 1 taun2 v. ag mag-, -um-; pat hi-; ran -an. To set (a fish trap). Hitaun ku in bubu ini masuuk pa kabatuhan. I’ll set this fish corral near the stony ocean bottom. *taut v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To move a swing cradle up and down, rock (a baby). Tauta in bataꞌ-bataꞌ bat makatūg. Rock the baby to sleep. OV SYN. *buwa; Cf. *dundang tawꞌ v. CV 1 ag mag-, -um-; pat hi-. To put away or keep (something), hold back, store (something). Tawꞌan

na in tamungun pa malita. Put away the clothing in the suitcase. Tawꞌan ta kaw pagkaun. I’ll keep some food for you. Haunu ku hitawꞌ in sāpang mu? Where shall I store your spear?    n. pagtatawꞌan A place where (something) is stored. Dī in pagtatawꞌan sin bugas. Here is the place where the rice is stored. OV SYN. halliꞌ 2 *tawad v. AQ ag/goal mag-, -um-; pat -un. To ask, want or crave for more. Tumawad pa siya sin taud sin mampallam dīhil ku kaniya. He still craves more even though I gave her plenty of mangoes. Wayruun na tawarun ku sin dayaw niya kākuꞌ. There is nothing more I can ask from him since he is so good to me.    adj. matawad Greedy. In kabayaan sin tau matawad mataud in hirihil kaniya. A greedy person wants more to be given to him (than to others). Cf. napsu tawag (var. tāg2) v. AQ ag/goal mag-, -um-; pat -un. To call or summon (someone) to come. Tawag kaw madtu pulis. Go call a policeman to come.    n. panawag-tawag A notice or announcement. In panawag-tawag kaina pasal sin diꞌ manjari magtimbak ha dūm Tahun Baꞌgu. The announcement a while ago was about not being able to shoot on New Year’s Eve.    n. magtatawag A caller. Siya in magtatawag sin manga ngān sin tau. She’s the one who calls the people’s names. tawakkal v. ag mag-, -um-; goal -an. [Sometimes unaffixed.] To dare, venture, take a chance. Tawakkal kaw madtu pa hulaꞌ naglilingug? Would you dare to go to a critical place?    adj. matawakkal Daring, brave, courageous, venturesome. Subay tau matawakkal in makasulad pa taas būd yaun. It takes a daring man to climb up that steep mountain. Cf. isug tawal 1 n. A charm or incantation (often in Arabic or Malay) recited to bring about a desired change in physical or mental condition (as to heal a sickness or avert a storm.) v. AR ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To recite such a charm or incantation (in order to change a physical or mental condition). n. magtatawal, mananawal A medicine man or curer specializing in the use of such charms or incantations. 2 n. Cure or healing by a curer with the use of such a charm or incantation (sense 1). Mabisa in tawal

niya. His curing by incantation is effective. v. AR ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To cure or heal (someone with the use of a charm or incantation).{The curer usu. recites the charm over a glass of water or some such medium, and then rubs the water onto the patient.} Maingat kaw magtawal sin alirji. You know how to cure an allergy by incantations. Tawali in bataꞌ ini kiyaabatan. Cure this child with incantations, for she is affected with a sickness caused by evil spirits. Cf.: ubat, abat 1. *tawap n. pagtawap The act of going on a pilgrimage to Mecca (to circumambulate the kaaba). Bulan Julhadjiꞌ in pagtawap sin tau pa Makka. The pilgrimage of people to Mecca is in the 12th month of the year.    v. ag mag-, -um-; ran pag-…-an. To go on a pilgrimage (to Mecca). Mahunit tumawap pa Makka bang way sīn ta. It’s hard to make a pilgrimage to Mecca if we have no money. OV SYN. hadjiꞌ tawas n. Alum (a white powder used to prevent body odor and as medicine). In tawas marayaw tuud hipagꞌubat ha ugam. Alum is a very good medicine for mouth blisters. tawbat n. Contrition, earnest repentance. In tawbat minsan diꞌ hipamung kaingatan da sin Tuhan. God knows about a person’s repentance even if it isn’t spoken.    v. ag mag-, -um-; goal pag-…-an. To atone for (sins or wrongdoing) by asking forgiveness, repent, do penance. Subay kaw magtawbat sin dusa mu ha diꞌ pa mugtuꞌ in napas mu. You should ask forgiveness for your sins while you are still alive. Cf. susun1 1 sugsug tawbat (comp.) v. A ritual to solve a misunderstanding between members of a family. *tawhan v. ag mag-; goal -an. To bet (with someone, not necessarily with money). Minsan yan tawhanan ku diꞌ dumatung adlaw yan in gadji niyu. I bet your salary does not arrive today. Cf. tūk 1 tawhid v. ag -um-, mag-; pat -un. To trust (someone) fully, have complete faith (in someone, usu. God; used only in a religious sense). Bang kita manaw pa malayuꞌ tumawhid kita pa Tuhan. If we travel far away let us have complete faith in God. Tawhid kaw pa Tuhan bang malayuꞌ iban makabugaꞌ in panaw mu. Have full trust in God if your journey is far and dangerous. OV SYN. pangandul tawid n. The ocean, high seas, deep blue sea. Nalunud ha tawid in kappal. The ship sank on the high seas. Cf. āngan, lawd1 , karajum

tawkasiꞌ adj. matawkasiꞌ Diligent (in doing intricate, detailed, hard, or difficult things). Matawkasiꞌ siya pawyu-pawyu magnasihat sin kallam sin Tuhan. He is diligent wherever he goes preaching the word of God. Cf. tibut tawki n. A big businessman, owner of a large store (usu. a Chinese). In tawki ha tinda baꞌgu yaun, Lannang. The owner of the newly opened store is a Chinese. Bang in tau pagtawagan tawki, hāti niya dayahan. If a man is called a big businessman, it means he is rich. tawktuk n. Spots of dirt, soil, stain (usu. with tamak). In pantalun ku mataud tawktuk niya. My pants are full of spots of dirt. Bang kita pa langgal magsambahayang subay way tamak-tawktuk sin tamungun ta. When we go to the mosque to pray, there should be no stains on our clothes.    v. ran ka-…-an. To be spotted with dirt, soiled, stained. Kiyatawktukan in pantalun niya sin tawyu. His pants are stained by soy sauce. OV SYN. tamak 1 tawmpaꞌ n. A shoe.    v. ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To wear shoes, put shoes on (someone). Subay kaw magtawmpaꞌ bat kaw diꞌ kapalian. You have to wear shoes so your feet won’t get hurt.    v. pat -un. To use (something) as footwear. Unu in tawmpaun mu? What will you use as footwear? OV SYN. sapatus tawmpaꞌ-tawmpaꞌ n. A type of panyam in the shape of a shoe. Tawrat 1 n. The holy book (believed to have been) revealed (by God) to Moses. Ha Kitab Tawrat kabaakan in manga saraꞌ-manaraꞌ piyanaug sin Tuhan sin nakauna yadtu. In the holy book revealed to Moses we find the various laws God gave in olden times. Cf. Injil, Jabur, Kuraan 2 n. The Pentateuch (the first five books of the Old Testament). tawsan n. A body of water or channel between islands. Malawm in tawsan ha Tawi-Tawi. The channel at Tawi-Tawi is very deep. tawtayanak (from Caw + talianak) n. magtawtayanak Parents and children, an entire family. Timulak sila katān magtawtayanak pa Manila. The whole family sailed to Manila.

tawtaymanghud (from Caw + taymanghud) n. Members of the entire family including brothers, sisters, cousins, parents, aunts, uncles, etc.; relatives, (also magtawtaymanghud). Diꞌ aku mabayaꞌ lumayuꞌ dayn ha tawtaymanghud ku. I don’t want to be far from my relatives. Cf. lahasiyaꞌ1 1 tawti 1 n. Catfish (generic). (See Appendix 2: Fish and Swimming Marine Creatures) 2 n. Stinging catfish. Masakit tuud makatunuk in tawti. When a stinging catfish pricks (with its spines) it is really painful. Plotusus anguillaris tayꞌ n. Waste matter, human filth, excrement. Pahiri in tayꞌ sin bataꞌ ha lantay. Wipe up the baby’s waste matter from the floor. SYN. nadjis tayꞌ ilung (comp.) n. Nosewax. Īgi in tayꞌ ilung mu. Get rid of your nosewax. tayꞌtiꞌ 1 v. act mag-, -um-. (For water) to come down, drizzle. Timayꞌtiꞌ na in ulan, subay kita magdā payung. The rain is already drizzling, we must bring an umbrella. Cf. bunuk-bunuk 2 n. A yearly traditional celebration in honor of the dead (see bulan tayꞌtiꞌ).{Scrapings of branches of the sandanaꞌ tree are mixed with water. An imam pours this water on graves.} In manga Muslim magꞌuwiꞌ tuud pa hulaꞌ nila sumaꞌbu sin paghinang tayꞌtiꞌ. Muslims will really go home to their place for the yearly celebration in honor of the dead. *tayak 1 v. ag mag-, -um-; pat hi-, -un. To hold out (one’s hand with palms up). Tayakan in lima mu bat kaw karihilan sīn. Hold out your hand so that you will be given money. 2 adj. tiyatayak Indulged, showered with love, freed from domestic work. Anak dayahan in mawmu tiyatayak sin maas nila. It is the rich children who are often indulged by their parents. Cf. *angun, *langka, dakag 3 v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To defend (something). Bang magtayak sin bangsa, lillaꞌ baran mabugtuꞌ. When we defend our people, it doesn’t matter even if our life is taken. tayakkup adj. United. Diꞌ humatul in hulaꞌ bang in tau katān bukun tayakkup. The country will have no peace if the people are not united.    v. ag/aux mag-; pat -un. To unite. Magtayakkup kitaniyu katantan mamawgbug ha hulaꞌ. We will unite to help our country. OV SYN. hambuuk 1

tayanak (var. of talianak) n The relationship between parents and children. tayhupan n. A length of hollow bamboo or pipe (used to blow through to fan a small fire on the hearth). Huyupa sin tayhupan bat mabuhiꞌ in kāyu. Blow through the pipe so that the fire will blaze. taykud (from likud) 1 n. The back (of the body from the nape of the neck to the end of the spine). Nalūs sin suga in taykud niya. His back is sunburned. (See Appendix 6: The Parts of the Body) v. AR ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To turn one’s back (on something). Taykud kaw bat mu kami diꞌ kakitaan. Turn your back so you won’t see us. Ayaw kaw tumaykud dayn kākuꞌ bang aku nagbibichara. Don’t turn your back when I’m talking to you. Unu in kiyataykuran mu dayn ha Lupaꞌ Sūg? What was the situation in Jolo when you left? (lit. What did you turn your back on in Jolo?). Cf.: butas. 2 v. act -um-; ran -an. {Euph.} To depart from (the world, people, in death). Tiyaykuran niya na in manga anak asawa niya. He departed from his wife and children. taymaꞌ v. AQ ag/goal mag-, -um-; pat -un. To accept, receive (something). Taymaꞌ kaw sin sarakka. You receive the alms. Nagpangasawa sila saꞌ walaꞌ tiyaymaꞌ. They asked for the lady’s hand but they were not accepted. OV SYN. *tabuk taymanghud (from manghud) n. Sibling, brother, sister. Siya in magꞌipat ha manga taymanghud niya bang wayruun in inaꞌ niya. She is the one who takes care of her siblings when the mother isn’t there.    v. RC act mag-; goal -un. To be in a sibling relationship (to someone else); make (someone) like a sibling. Magtaymanghud ka kamu? Are you brothers/sisters? SYN. langgung taymanghud pandung n. Someone treated or considered like a brother or sister, very close friend, bosom pal. Hi Rowena in taymanghud ku pandung. Rowena is my bosom pal. taynga n. Ear. Atulihi in taynga mu bat kaw makarungug marayaw. Take the wax out of your ears so you can hear well. (See Appendix 6: The Parts of the Body) taynghug v. ag mag-, -um-, mang-; goal -an. To pay close attention to, listen carefully to, take note of (something). Taynghug kaw sin bissara niya. Listen carefully to what he says. Taynghugi in datung niya. Take note of his arrival. Cf. dungug

tayngting (var. of kagingking) n The top stem of a bamboo. taysay (var. talisay) n. Tropical almond (a tree that grows near the shore, the leaves of which were used to blacken teeth). Masūb in manga kamaasan magbutang taysay ha ipun nila. The old folks really like to put tropical almond leaves on their teeth. (See Appendix 5: Plants) taytay v. TV ag mag-, -um-; goal -un. To cross a bridge (to a place). Timaytay siya pa hansipak subaꞌ. He crossed the bridge to the other side of the river.    n. taytayan A bridge (usu. made of bamboo or wood). Patung in taytayan pa bāy nila. The bridge to their house is made of bamboo poles. Maghibal-hibal in taytayan harap pa bāy namuꞌ. The wooden bridge going to our house is rocking. tī n. Tea. Inum kaw tī bang masakit in ū mu. Drink tea when your head aches. tiꞌlis n. Tuberculosis. Ayaw kaw magsāw magkaun ha tau taga sakit tiꞌlis. Don’t eat together with someone who has tuberculosis. (See Appendix 8: Diseases)    v. ST pat -un. To develop tuberculosis. Tiꞌlisun kaw bang kaw maghinang way hali. You’ll get tuberculosis if you work without rest. SYN. tibi1 tibag v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un; ran -an. To break (something) into pieces, split (something) in two. Nagtibag in manga pilisu sin batu lakit. The prisoners are breaking the solid rock into pieces. Siya in nakatibag sin pasu sin sumping. He is the one who broke the flower pot into pieces. Subay tibagan tiyuꞌ-tiyuꞌ in batu yan bat makatuput ha lungag. We have to break that rock a little so that it can fit in the hole. Tibagun ku naa sin utak in nangkaꞌ hinug ini. I’ll split first this ripe jackfruit into two with a bolo. OV SYN. *sipak, bagbag 1 *tibaw v. TV ag mang-, mag-, -um-; goal -un. To visit (someone, often a sick person or a woman who has just given birth), go to see (something, e.g., one’s field to see how the crop is doing). Tibawun ta hi Babuꞌ mu baꞌgu nagꞌanak. Let’s visit your auntie who just gave birth. Tibawun ta in tiyanum bang nabuhiꞌ da. Let’s go to see whether the vegetable plants are still alive. Cf. bisita, kakap    n. titibawan Something brought by a visitor. Bangbang in titibawan nila kākuꞌ. It was cookies that the visitors brought me.

tibi1 (Eng.) n. Tuberculosis. SYN. tiꞌlis (See Appendix 8: Diseases) tibi2 (Eng.) n. Television. In tibi ini bukun da isab marayaw pa manga bataꞌ iskul. Television is not really good for school children. tibiꞌ n. A nick or chip (on the edge of glassware, earthenware, etc.). Awn tibiꞌ sin higad basu ini. There is a chip on the edge of this glass.    adj. Having a nick or notch on the edge. Ayaw kaw magꞌinum ha basu tibiꞌ. Don’t drink from a glass with nicked edges.    vt. CH 1 ag mag-, -um-; pat -un; ran -an. To chip, nick (the edge of something). Ayaw tibia in basu. Don’t chip the glass.    vi. ST pat ma-. To become chipped (on the edge). Kamayaꞌ kaw maghugas sin lāy bat diꞌ matibiꞌ. Be careful washing the dishes so they won’t become chipped. Cf. sumbing, kibak, lubbak tibluk adj. Straight down (into the soil). In gamut tagnaꞌ sin kahuy tibluk. The primary root of the tree is straight down. Bang kamu magpatindug hāg subay tibluk. When you erect a post it should be straight down. OV SYN. malawm lawm 1.1 *tibtib n. tibtiban The end or extent (of something), boundary. Haunu in tibtiban sin lupaꞌ niyu? Where is the boundary of your land? OV SYN. tubtub 1 *tibuꞌ v. CH 1 ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To hit or strike (someone) with the fist. Tibua in bataꞌ ha taykud. Sock the child on the back. Hipatibuꞌ ku siya ha magulang ku. I’ll have my older brother sock him.    v. RC ag mag-. (For people) to hit one another (with their fists). Hundung na kamu magtibuꞌ. Stop hitting each other. Cf. suntuk tibulung adj. Round, spherical, globe-like, circular. Tibulung in būla. The ball is round.    vi. pat ma-. To become round, spherical, or circular. Diꞌ sa yan matibulung bang bihān in paghinang mu. That won’t become round if you do it that way.    vt. CH 1 ag mag-; pat -un. To make (something) round, spherical, or circular. Tibulunga in pagꞌutud mu sin kātas. Cut the paper in a circle. tibūsan (from būs₂ + -an₁) n. A roll (of cloth). Bī kaw kakanaꞌ ha tibūsan. Buy cloth by the roll. Hangka-

tibūsan kakanaꞌ in natakaw ha lawm tinda kabii. A roll of cloth was stolen in the store last night. OV SYN. gulung tibut (gimb. tiꞌbut) n. Diligence, industriousness.    adv. Diligently, industriously. Tibut kaw maghinang. Work diligently.    vt. ag magpa-; goal -an. To do (something) industriously, diligently. Sumūng in gadji mu bang kaw magpatibut sin hinang mu. Your wages will increase if you do your work diligently. Tibuti in hinang mu ha diksiyunari. Give diligence to your work on the dictionary.    vi. ST pat -um-. To become industrious, diligent. Tumibut sa yan maghinang ha lawm bāy bang mu dihilan sīn. She will become industrious helping in the house if you give her money.    adj. matibut Industrious, diligent, hard-working. Matibut in manga Ilukanu. The Ilocanos are industrious. Cf. matawkasiꞌ tawkasiꞌ tibuuk (from *buuk) adj. Not broken, damaged or defective; intact, not divided up, in a single unit. Tibuuk in apam dīhil niya kākuꞌ. She gave me the whole hotcake.    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To unite, render (something) intact. Tibuukun taniyu in sīn natuꞌ bat kitaniyu makabī jīp. Let’s put our money together so that we can buy a jeep. In lāy bang mabagbag diꞌ na matibuuk magbalik. A plate, if it breaks, cannot be made intact again. tigallam vi. pat ma-, mang-, magka-. (For something) to be lost or disappear suddenly (with an undetermined cause). Tawꞌan in unu-unu mu ampa diꞌ matigallam. Keep your things properly so that they will not disappear suddenly. Manigallam sadja sa yan in unu-unu mu bang mu diꞌ hitawꞌ marayaw. Your things will just disappear suddenly if you don’t keep them very well.    vt. pat -un. To lose (something, usu. spoken in anger). Nakaruwa ku na siya binīhan lilus sagawaꞌ tigallamun niya hadja. I have bought him a watch twice now but he just loses them. OV SYN. lawaꞌ2 , *lanyap *tigang v. ST pat -um-, mang-. To become very dry or crispy. Manigang in kakahuyan bang timpu panuga. The trees will become very dry during the dry season.    adj. matigang Very dry (of land, trees, clothes, etc.), crisp (of fried or roasted fish, chicken, etc.). Matigang in istaꞌ ini. This fish is crisp. Cf. tahay 1, ganggang, lapuk

tigbas v. CH 1 ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To chop, hack, stab (something). Nagtigbas in manga tau gimba ha pagkālu nila. The people from the interior were hacking each other during their fight. Natigbas in lima niya sin utak. His hand was hacked by a bolo. Tigbasa in kahuy yaun. You chop that tree. (See utud for table.) tigdaꞌ n. The strength of the flow (of liquids or air, as wind, rain, blood from a wound, or menstruation). Bukun bihayan in tigdaꞌ sin tubig ha pansul namuꞌ. The flow of the water isn’t like that from our faucet.    v. ST pat -um-. (For a flow of liquid or air) to become strong, heavy, hard. Uwiꞌ na kaw bābā diꞌ tumigdaꞌ in ulan. You better go home while the rain hasn’t become heavy yet.    adj. matigdaꞌ (Of the flow of liquid or air) strong, heavy, hard. Matigdaꞌ in tubig ha giripu namuꞌ. We have a strong flow of water from our faucet. Cf. kusug 1 tighan adv. All at one time, wholesale. Tighan sila biyunuꞌ. They were murdered all at the same time. Tighan aku magpamī-mī sabab maluhay. I buy things wholesale, for it’s cheaper.    v. aux mag-; pat -un. (To do things) all at one time; (buy) the whole (of something). Bang tū karut dakuman in bugas mu, tighanun ku na. If you only have three sacks of rice left, I’ll buy it all. Cf. katān tigiꞌ v. CH 1 ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To beat (a gong). Tigia in agung bang dumatung in Sultan. Beat the gong as soon as the Sultan arrives.    n. pagtigiꞌ The beating of a gong. Makabisu in pagtigiꞌ sin agung. The beating of the gong is deafening. Cf. lisag 1, tigtig tigidig-tigidig n. The sound made by a horse galloping. Pagdungug niya tigidig-tigidig kiyaingatan niya awn kuraꞌ limabay. When he heard the galloping sound he knew a horse passed by. tigidlum adj. Dark, gloomy. Tigidlum in bilik mu. Your room is dark. Tigidlum in lawm gulangan. The forest is gloomy.    v. ST pat -um-, mang-. To be or become dark, gloomy. Sūi in lansuk bat diꞌ manigidlum in bilik. Light the candle so that your room won’t be so dark. Cf. lindum 1

tignus n. A juicy variety of jackfruit having good meat. Cf. luyaꞌ *tigpuꞌ vt. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To break (something) off (from the part or point where it is joined or connected, as the temple of glasses from its frame, or the handle of a cup). Tigpuun ku in sumping dayn ha sanga niya. I’ll break off the flower from its stem.    vi. ST pat ma-. To break or be broken off in such a way. Natigpuꞌ in tangkay sin sawan. The handle of the cup has broken off. Cf. baliꞌ 1, bugtuꞌ 1 tigsik (var. of *pigsik) v To splatter, spatter; share (something with someone). tigtig v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To strike or sound (a gong). Tīgtig na in layal agung tagul banuwa. The royal gong was sounded. Cf. ganding, tigiꞌ, lisag 1 *tigtig v. CH 1 ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To chop (something hard and brittle such as ice or shells) into small pieces. Tigtiga ba kākuꞌ in ays ini. Will you chop this ice up for me? Cf. pugpug tigub-tiguban adv. (Of an enclosed space) pitch (dark), extremely (dark); (of the sea) extremely (deep). Bang in bāy way ilaw tigidlum tigub-tiguban in lawm. If a house has no lights it is extremely dark inside. OV SYN. bitu-bituhan tigul (var. of tugul) n Zealousness, insistence, persistence. tigum-tigum n. A riddle. Diꞌ ku katukuran in tigum-tigum niya. I can’t guess his riddle. SYN. tukudtukud tiil adj. Starving or deprived (of necessities, usu. food). In manga tau paguy tiil ha pagkaun. The evacuees are starving for food.    vi. ST pat ma-. To starve, be or become deprived (of something). Matiil in manga tau bang diꞌ dumatung in bugas. The people will starve if the rice doesn’t arrive.    vt. CH 1 pat -un. To starve (someone), deprive someone of something. Subay diꞌ tiilun in manga Samal sin pagꞌiskul. The Badjaws must not be deprived of education. OV SYN. siksaꞌ tikang n. A step, pace (as in walking). Panaw kaw hangka-tikang pa unahan. Take one step forward.    v. TV ag mag-, -um-; goal -un. To take steps, walk. Iyampa tumikang in bataꞌ-bataꞌ in kamatay sin

amaꞌ. The baby had just learned to walk when the father died. Cf. giik, panaw 1 tikbiꞌ n. Ticwee buzzard. (See Appendix 1: Birds and Flying Insects) *tikbiꞌ v. act mag-, -um-. (For things) to strike slightly against each other so as to cause a little crack or breakage (as of glassware, porcelain, ceramics). Ayari bang kaw magbutang sin kassaꞌ bat diꞌ magtikbiꞌ. Be careful in placing the bottles so that they will not strike against each other and break. Cf. *dugtul, banggul tikdag n. A hard blow with the foot or feet, heavy kick. Iyaluman siya sin tikdag mu. He is black and blue because of your heavy kick.    v. ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To strike at (something) heavily with the foot or feet. Baytaꞌ kaw sin bunnal bat ta kaw diꞌ tikdagan. Tell me the truth or else I’ll kick you hard. Patikdagan ta kaw ha amaꞌ mu bang kaw diꞌ magkahagad kākuꞌ. I’ll have your father kick you hard if you don’t mind me. SYN. takdug; OV SYN. sipaꞌ 1 tikduhanan n. An excuse, cause. Lumāg sadja kaw tikduhanan sin hikapagkālu ta. You are just looking for an excuse for us to quarrel. Limawag siya tikduhanan sin hikaīg namuꞌ dayn didtu. She is looking for an excuse so we can get out of there. OV SYN. sabab tikmil [Luuk]n. All (one’s) life. Tikmil ku, way aku nakakitaꞌ biyaꞌ hān. I never in all my life saw anything like that. Tikmil ku, nakaminsan da aku nakakadtu pa Manilaꞌ. In all my life, I was only able to go to Manila once. Cf. tagnaꞌ tikmud v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To complete or finish (something). Siya na in nagtikmud sin manga hinang. She was the one who completed the work. Matikmud niyu in hinang bihaun? Can you complete the work now? Subay mu tikmurun in hinang ini ha diꞌ pa maabut Ahad. You must finish the work before Sunday. OV SYN. talus2, timus, ubus    n. kiyatikmuran An agreement; outcome. In kiyatikmuran sin miting maggardin. The agreement in the meeting was to have a garden. tiksaꞌ (var. of siksaꞌ) n Severe punishment. tiktik 1 v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un; ran -an. To break (something) into small pieces (with an instrument

such as a pick, hammer, or chisel). Nagtiktik sila sin intan ha lawm sin sungab. They broke the diamonds in the cave into small pieces. 2 v. AR ag mag-; ran -an. To cut or break the end off (something). Magtiktik siya lambiꞌ. She’s cutting the ends off the snail shells. Tiktikan ta in duhul sin basiꞌ bat tumuput. We have to break off the end of the steel so that it can be accomodated. (See utud for table.) tikuꞌ adj. (Of an object) crooked. Tikuꞌ in kahinang niya sin lawang. The way he made the door is crooked. OV SYN. bingkuk 1 *tikuꞌ-tikuꞌ v. none maka-. [Always preceded by the negative diꞌ.] To make a move, do the least little thing. Diꞌ in anak niya makatikuꞌ-tikuꞌ pagꞌamahan niya. His children can’t make a move but he scolds them.    v. ran ka-…-an. To be sensitive, easily annoyed, offended, irritated, disturbed (as by the actions of others); be touchy; (for an object) to be fragile. Diꞌ katikuꞌ-tikuan in bataꞌ yan tumangis. That child is sensitive (and) easily cries. Diꞌ katikuꞌ-tikuan in basu yan mabagbag. That glass is fragile. It easily breaks. Cf. tiyuꞌ-tiyuꞌ *tiyuꞌ tikud-tikud n. Heel. (See Appendix 6: The Parts of the Body) Marayaw pa mutiꞌ in bukug ayaw sin tikud-tikud. (saying) n. Never run away from a fight (lit. It’s better to see a bone [from a wound] than to see heels [in running away]). tikūn n. Gizzard. In tikūn amu na in pagluluunan sin lummiꞌ ha lawm sin tiyan sin manuk. The gizzard is the container of all the waste in the stomach of a chicken. Masarap ligangun in tikūn manuk. The gizzard of chicken is delicious when fried. *tikup v. ag mag-; pat -un. To surround or encircle (someone with the intent to capture or harm). Natikup namuꞌ in manga atu namuꞌ hangkan da sila diyaug. We had surrounded our opponents that’s why they were defeated. Natikup sin sundalu in manga mundu. The outlaws are surrounded by the soldiers. Tīkup nila in tau mangiꞌ way na kapaguyan. They surrounded the bad people so they had no way to escape. OV SYN. libut, likus 1 tikus n. A mouse. Kiyutkut in badjuꞌ ku sin tikus. My dress has been eaten by a mouse. Cf. ambaw (See Appendix 4: Animals, Non-flying)

tikuy n. A confection made of sticky rice (usu. made by Chinese on their feast days). Bang maabut Haylaya Lannang tantu tuud maghinang tikuy in manga Lannang. The Chinese really bake sticky rice confection during Chinese New Year. (See Appendix 7: Kinds of Confections Served at Special Occasions) *tilad v. ag mag-. To husk (betel nut). Siya in nagtilad sin pula sin apuꞌ niya. She was the one who husked the betel nut of her granny. tilag 1 n. Transparency, diaphanousness. Bukun sibuꞌ in tilag sin kakanaꞌ nabī ta. The transparency of the cloth which we bought is not the same. v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To look at or see through (a transparent or semitransparent object). Tilaga in nigatib ini bat mu kakitaan in gusuk mu nabaliꞌ. Look at the negative so you can see your broken rib. adj. matilag Transparent, diaphanous, thin. Pagkamisun kaw sabab matilag in badjuꞌ mu. Wear a slip because your dress is transparent. Cf.: nipis. 2 n. tilag-tilag A piece of cellophane, plastic bag. Kākuꞌ na ba in tilag-tilag sin siga mu yan. May I have the cellophane wrapper of your cigarette? tilam n. A mattress (too thick to be rolled up). Marayaw in parasahan ta magtūg ha tilam. It’s comfortable to sleep on a mattress. OV SYN. kama *tilambuk v. AR ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To winnow (rice, usu. from a flat basket [ligu]). Magtilambuk na aku sin bugas sabab kiyapīan na in pāy ha ini. I’ll winnow the rice since I have removed the palay from it. Subay tilambukan muna in bugas bakas pinīan ampa hibutang pa mital. You have to winnow first the rice with the palay already removed before putting it into a can. SYN. *tahap tilambung n. The shell (ugab) of the mature unripe (butung) stage of a coconut. (See niyug for table.) *tilas v. ag mag-, -um-; goal -un; ran ka-…-an. To detect, find a clue, find out or figure out (something). Kiyatilasan ku sin bukun bunnal in bissara niya. I found out that what he said wasn’t true. OV SYN. bistu tilaw-tilaw (var. tiyaw-tiyaw) n. The early stage of hatched eggs of mosquitoes, (mosquito) wigglers. In

tilaw-tilaw anak hilam tagnaꞌ piyusaꞌ. Wigglers are newly-hatched eggs of mosquitoes. Mataud tilawtilaw naghuhulaꞌ ha lanaw-lanaw. There are many wigglers living in stagnant shallow water. SYN. latik-latik tilawasan (from *lawas + -an₁) n. A segment or section including one node (of bamboo, sugar cane, etc.). Itunga bang pila in tilawasan sin patung yan. Count how many nodes that bamboo has. tilik n. A kind of magical power (that inflicts physical injury on someone, esp. one’s opponent in a competitive game or contest). Kiyugdan siya tilik sabab nagtaghaꞌ sadja simakit in buktun niya. He is afflicted by magical power, for his arm became painful all of a sudden.    v. ag -um-; pat -un. To inflict physical injury (on someone) by magical power. Tilikun niya in atu niya. He’ll magically inflict physical injury on his opponent. Nanghubag in siki niya pasal tīlik kunuꞌ sin banta niya. His feet swelled because, they say, his enemy magically inflicted physical injury on him. OV SYN. hinang 2 *tilik v. ag magpang-, -um-; pat -un. To give consideration (to others), have a thoughtful or sympathetic regard (for others). Diꞌ magpanilik ha kaibanan in tau ini. This man has no sympathetic regard for others. Pagtilika da in tau miskin. Give consideration to the poor. *tiluꞌ 1 v. CH 1 ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To throw (something at something with intention to hurt or to hit). Tīluꞌ nila kami sin batu. They threw stones at us. Tiluun niya kamu sin pinsil. He will throw pencils at you. 2 v. CV 1 ag mag-, -um-; pat hi-. To cast, hurl, throw (something). Tiluan mari in būla! Throw the ball here! Hitiluꞌ ku madtu in lummiꞌ. I’ll throw the dirt over there. Cf. laruk *tilup v. pat ma-. To be lost or disappear suddenly. In sīn biyutang ku duun ha ini magtuy natilup. The money I placed there was immediately lost. Haynduun ku ra kīkitaꞌ natilup saruun-duun ha mata ku. I just saw it and then it suddenly disappeared. Diꞌ ku sa yan hibūs kaymu bat na isab diꞌ matilup. I won’t lend that to you so it will not get lost. OV SYN. *lanyap, lawaꞌ2 , tigallam *timbag 1 v. ag mag-, -um-; goal -un. To throw (something) at (something else in order to hit it). Timbaga sin batu in hāg yaun. Throw a rock at that post. n. A game similar in purpose to golf.{Each player has a tin can and the cans are lined up an agreed

distance from the goal hole. Players stand by the hole and take turns throwing stones (pamātuꞌ) at each other’s tin cans in order to drive them as far away from the hole as possible. Then they take turns driving their cans with the same stones toward the hole. The last one to sink his stone into the hole is the loser.} 2 n. A children’s game of breaking a certain kind of seashell (bagguꞌ). timbak n. An explosion, gunshot. Masuuk in timbak kaina. The gunshot a while ago was near.    v. CH 1 ag mag-, -um-, mang-; pat -un. To shoot (as with a gun). Tīmbak niya in babuy talun. He shot the wild hog. timbak istaꞌ n. Dynamite, particularly the explosive charge for killing fish. Miyustak in timbak istaꞌ ha sakayan. The fish dynamite exploded in the canoe. Cf. lagtang 2, tubli timbang 1.1 v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To weigh (something with a scale or balance). Timbang kaw hangka-kilu sukal. Weigh a kilo of sugar. Timbangun ta na in lahing. Let’s weigh the copra. Cf.: tupung. n. timbangan A scale, balance (for weighing). Kitaa ha timbangan bang pila in buggat mu. Look on the scales to see your weight. 1.2 n. pagtimbang A ceremonial weighing of a newborn child.{The child is laid on a cloth suspended from one end of a pole balancing a bag of rice and other gifts suspended from the other end of the pole. A young chicken is perched on the pole, while the priest (imam) recites or chants Arabic religious phrases. This usu. follows the hair-cutting ceremony (paggunting).} Kuꞌnu in pagtimbang ha anak mu? When will be the ceremonial weighing of your child? Cf. paggunting gunting 2 2 v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To consider (something in order to make a choice), weigh (something, fig. sense). Timbanga in bayaꞌ mu magad iban sin usaha ta dī. Weigh your desire to go with them against our business here. 3 v. pat -un; ran -an. To make (one’s love, treatment, etc. of people) equal; be equaled. Subay mu timbangun in lasa mu ha inaꞌ mu iban amaꞌ mu. You should make your love for your father and mother equal. OV SYN. sibuꞌ timbay [Chiefly gimb.]v. ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To pass by, stop by (for a while). Timbay naa kaw mari pa kāmuꞌ. Come and stop by at our place. OV SYN. hapit1, pintas; Cf. labay

timbul adj. For the benefit of, for the personal advantage of. In sukay sin katān lupaꞌ ku bukun na harap kakuꞌ sagawaꞌ timbul na pa anak ku nagꞌiiskul ha Manilaꞌ. The rents from all my land are no longer mine but for the benefit of my son studying in Manila.    v. ag magpa-; pat pa-…-un. To save, rescue (something), use (something) for one’s personal benefit, take care of or provide for (someone). In maas usug nagpatimbul sin bataꞌ-bataꞌ iyaanud. The old man saved the child who had drifted away. In pagdayaw bāy biyubugit na piyatimbul niya. He saved the parts of the house that were thrown away. Subay in maas magpatimbul sin manga anak nila. Parents should provide for their children. Cf. paruli *timpa v. ag mag-, -um-; pat pag-…-un, hi-. (In a group of workers, for one or more) to try to get another or the others to do the work, (for some who see others not working) to stop working themselves; try to pass work off on someone else. Ayaw kamu magtimpa bat kita diꞌ lugayan maghinang. Don’t try to pass the work off on each other so we won’t take a long time. Bang kamu yan magtimpa sadja taasan sa kitaniyu yan suga. If you just pass the work off on each other nothing will be done till noontime. Bang daakun hitimpa niya pa kaibanan. If told to do an errand he passes it off on others. timpang adj. Irregular in size or form, deformed, crooked, unequally proportioned. Timpang in bayhuꞌ niya. His face is deformed. Timpang in paggunting sin buhuk mu. The cutting of your hair was crooked. Timpang in pagtapis mu. The wrapping of your sarong is unequally proportioned (i.e., not the same length all around).    v. ST pat ma-. To be or become deformed, misproportioned, or (of objects) uneven (in size or form). Sukura naa katān in habaꞌ sin digpiꞌ bat diꞌ magtimpang. Measure first the length of all the boards so (the shape) won’t become uneven. OV SYN. kibiꞌ 1, bingkuk 1 timpla n. A mixture or blend (of food or beverages). Marayaw in timpla sin kahawa. The coffee mixture is good.    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To mix (ingredients as in preparing food or drinks). Diꞌ aku maingat magtimpla sin addun panyam. I don’t know how to mix the dough for fried rice cakes. OV SYN. lamugay 1 timpranu adv. Early. Subay kitaniyu timpranu manaw. We should set off early. OV SYN. subu-subu

subu1 2 timpu 1.1 n. A climatic season, season (of the occurrence of something which occurs at intervals). Ayaw kamu magtulak bang timpu mahangin. Don’t sail if it is the windy season. Mataud tiyanum in kumangiꞌ bang timpu panuga. Many plants will get destroyed during dry season. vi. pat mag-. (For something to occur) at certain times, intervals, or seasons. Magtimpu in pagluhay sin istaꞌ. Fish becomes cheaper at certain times. vt. pat -un. (To do something) at a certain time or season, time (something). Bang kaw mabayaꞌ kumaun dūyan subay mu timpuhun in pagkadtu mu pa Sūg ha musim sin dūyan. If you want to eat durian you should time your going to Jolo at the durian season. OV SYN.: musim, waktu. 1.2 n. A period (of time). Timpu Jipun siya piyagꞌanak. He was born during the Japanese period. Bukun malingug in daira ha timpu niya naggubnul. The city was not chaotic during his time as governor. OV SYN. masa 2 n. The length of time one stays in prison. Pila tahun in timpu mu? How many years will be your length of time in jail? v. ag mag-; goal -an. To sentence (someone) to prison (for a specific period of time). Tīmpuhan siya hangka-tahun ha lawm jīl. He was sentenced to prison for one year. OV SYN.: lugay. timud 1 adj. Well cleaned. In bagunbun ha lantay timud na. The dirt on the floor was well cleaned. v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To clean or wash (something) thoroughly. Piyatimud niya in lummiꞌ ha lantay. He thoroughly cleaned the dirt on the floor. In tau yan magtimud sin bagunbun ha lantay. That man will wash the dirt off the floor thoroughly. SYN.: *lanuꞌ. 2 vt. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To scrape a plate or bowl (after all the food is already eaten). Ayaw na mayan kaw magtimud sin way na. Don’t try to scrape the plate when there is no more. vi. pat ma-. To be cleaned out of (something). Diyaug aku ha pagpanayaman kahapun, natimud sampay pisita ha lawm bulsa ku. I lost in gambling yesterday, even the change was cleaned out of my pocket. timul (var. timur) n. The name of a wind that blows from the northeast. Subay na hangin timul ampa kitaniyu maglayag. We should wait for the northeast wind before sailing. (See hangin for table.) timun n. Watermelon. Masarap bang matubig in timun. Watermelon is delicious if it’s juicy. (See

Appendix 5: Plants) timun-timun n. A pulley. Timun-timun in iyusal nila pagpababaꞌ sin sapiꞌ dayn ha kappal. They used a pulley in lowering the cow from the boat. timus (gimb. tiꞌmus) adj. (Of household chores and other manual work) finished, completed, done. Timus na in pagmumus namuꞌ. Our packing is finished.    vt. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To finish, complete (something). Timusa naa in hinang mu ampa kaw makauwiꞌ. Finish your work first then you can go home. OV SYN. ubus, talus2, tangbus tinaꞌ n. A dye used for human hair.    v. CH 1 ag mag-; pat -un. To dye (the hair). Nagtinaꞌ sin buhuk niya in maas iyuuban. The gray-haired woman dyed her hair. Cf. anjibi, tallang tinai n. The inner organs (of man or animals), intestines, viscera, guts, entrails. Subay īgan in tinai bang kapulun in patay. If you embalm a corpse, its entrails must be removed. OV SYN. lungun-lungun tinapay (from -in- [present-day -iy-] + tapay) n. (Baked) bread, any baked good (like buns or rolls).{Fried bread is considered bangbang.} In tinapay paghinangun sin Lannang. Bread is made by the Chinese. Siyumu aku nagkaun tinapay adlaw-adlaw. I’m sick of eating bread every day. tinda n. A store. Bī kaw madtu bagid pa tinda. Go buy matches at the store.    v. ag mag-. To open up a store. Magtinda aku ha daig paradahan jīp. I’ll open up a store beside the jeep stop.    v. pat -un. To make (something or a place) into a store. Tindahun ta in bakas buriga. Let’s make the former bodega into a store. Tinda Laud (pronounced Lawd) (comp.) v. The Chinese pier section of Jolo town. *tindan v. ag mag-, -um-; goal -an. To cooperate (in work), to agree (in speech or thinking). Bang awn hinangun hikarayaw sin katān subay magtindan. If there is a plan for the benefit of everybody they should cooperate. In hinang hikarayaw sin hulaꞌ subay pagtindanan. The work for the betterment of the country must be cooperatively done. OV SYN. taayun tindaw n. The first menstruation of a girl, female puberty. Hangpuꞌ tahun in umul niya pagguwaꞌ sin

tindaw niya. She was ten years old when she had her first menstruation.    v. pat -un. For the first menstruation to occur. In saraꞌ sin babai magbana subay patindawun naa. The law about a woman’s marrying is that (her parents) must wait for her first menstruation first. OV SYN. sangput; Cf. duguꞌ 1.1 tindug 1.1 v. act/ag mag-, -um-. To be or remain in an upright position (supported on the feet, on its base, bottom, pedestal, etc.), stand (from a sitting, lying or crouching position), volunteer (to be a witness saksiꞌ). Tindug kaw. Stand up. Patinduga yan ha taas lamisahan. Stand that on top of the table. Makatindug bahibu in isturi yan. That story makes one’s hair stand on end. n. tindugan The place where (something) is standing. Cf.: bangun1 . v. ag magpa-; pat pa-…-un. To erect or construct (a building, etc.). Dī sila magpatindug bāy. They’ll construct a house here. OV SYN.: hinang 1.1. 1.2 n. A follower, supporter, servant. Siyaggaw sin manga sundalu in manga tindug sin mayul. The soldiers arrested the followers of the mayor. OV SYN. batāan, pagkatau tau 3 2 v. ag magpa-; pat pa-…-un. To establish, institute or set up (something). Subay magpatindug parinta baꞌgu in Pilipinas. The Philippines should set up a new form of government. Hisiyu in nagpatindug sin agama Islam? Who instituted the Islamic religion? OV SYN. awn 3 v. ag mag-; ran -an. To maintain, defend, support (one’s opinion, viewpoint, adherence, etc.). Tindugi in pamung mu. Defend what you say. OV SYN. bawgbug *tinduk v. CH 1 ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. (For fish) to snap at (bait). Tīnduk sin istaꞌ in umpan. The fish snapped at the bait. tinta (Tag.) n. Ink (of a pen). Diꞌ sumulat in pin mu bang way tinta niya. Your pen won’t write if there’s no ink. SYN. dawat tinuꞌ vt. CH 1 ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To dissolve, melt (something, usu. salt or sugar). Tinua naa muna in sukal ampa mu hilamud pa addun. Dissolve the sugar first, then add it to the batter.    vi. ST pat ma-. (For something) to dissolve, melt. Ayaw paulani in asin matinuꞌ sa yan. Don’t let it rain on the salt or it will melt. Cf. hansul 1, tunaw tinuanan (from tinuꞌ + -an₁ + -an₁) n. A sauce (made of broth, soy sauce, or vinegar to which any

combination of spices, peppers, lemon juice, garlic, onions, baling, green mangoes, ketchup, or tomatoes is added).{Made on a small side plate and one’s fish, poultry, or meat is dipped in it.} Malara in tinuanan hīnang niya ha mampallam. The sauce he made for the mango is spicy hot.    v. ag mag-. To dip viand in such a sauce (and eat it). Magtinuanan aku sukaꞌ iban tawyu. I’ll dip my viand in vinegar and soy sauce. tinga n. A thin deposit of food left on teeth. Īgi sin tutpik in tinga ha ipun mu. Remove the food deposit from your teeth with a toothpick.    v. ran ka-…-an. To have or get thin deposits of food on one’s teeth. Ayaw na kaw kumaun sapiꞌ bat kaw diꞌ katingahan. Don’t eat beef so that you won’t get thin deposits of food on your teeth. tinga tipay 1 n. The meat of tipay (the oyster that produces pearls). 2 n. An indigenous confection made by steaming pounded rice, (so called from its resemblence to oyster meat). Mataud diyaragang tinga tipay ha tinda hi Babuꞌ Salma. A lot of the pounded rice confection is sold in the store of Aunt Salma. (See Appendix 7: Kinds of Confections Served at Special Occasions) tingal n. Something used to elevate an object slightly from the ground or something on which it is resting, support. Subay diꞌ īgan in tingal sin makina supaya diꞌ dumagpak pa lupaꞌ. The support must not be removed from under the engine so it doesn’t hit the ground.    v. AR ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To elevate (an object) slightly. Subay tingalan in lamisahan. The table should be elevated slightly. SYN. kalsu tinggaꞌ n. (Metallic) lead. Tinggaꞌ in hipagpatliꞌ ta sin buslut sin baldi. We will use lead to patch the hole in the bucket. tinggal1 1 n. Remainder. Tinggal kayꞌman pilak in gadji niya. (There’s) fifty pesos remainder from his salary. vt. pat -un. To leave (a part of something after taking away the majority of it). Tinggali aku hangkasuꞌgub buwahan. Leave me a basket of lanzones. vi. pat ma-. (For a remainder) to be left. In utang ku kayꞌman pilak biyayaran ku siya kawhaan pilak in natinggal katluan pilak. My debt was fifty pesos, I paid her twenty pesos, thirty pesos is left. OV

SYN.: kapin. 2 v. ag mag-, -um-; goal -an. To miss (a part of an activity that should be done repeatedly for a specific period of time, as in prayer and fasting). Kiyatinggalan ku lima adlaw in puasa ku. I missed five days of fasting. Cf. kalaꞌ tinggal2 v. goal -an. To refrain, restrain from doing (something, esp. something forbidden). Subay mu tinggalan in katān liyāngan sin Tuhan. You should refrain from doing all that God has forbidden. Cf. hawid, tangkaꞌ tinggil1 v. ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To step up on (something in order to reach something else, as on a stone for mounting a horse). Tinggil kaw ha bangkuꞌ bat mu abutan in būk ha taas paradul. Step up on the bench so you can reach the book on top of the closet.    n. tinggilan Anything one steps on (in order to reach something else). Subay awn tinggilan mu ampa mu abutan. You need something to step on in order to reach it. tinggil2 n. The amount still owed after a partial settlement, whatever is left over, remainder, balance. Awn pa tinggil mu kayꞌman pilak. You still have a balance of fifty pesos.    v. ran -an. To have an amount still owed after partial payment, leave a balance. Tinggilan mu na isab in utang mu? You’ll leave again a balance on your debt? Cf. kapin tingham n. A notch (in wood or a tree), mortise.    v. AR ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To cut a notch or mortise (in wood or a tree). Subay tinghaman in batang sin niyug supaya maluhay dāgun. Someone should cut notches in the trunk of the coconut tree so that it will be easy to climb. (See utud for table.) tingka v. pat mag-. To be unequal, uneven. Nagtingka in pagbutang nila sin hāg ha kusina. Their placing of the posts below the kitchen was uneven (i.e., they were not the same height). OV SYN. timpang tingkal n. Silky thread (for weaving). Kulang in tingkal ta hipaghablun. We’re lacking silky thread for weaving. Cf. salban, tanud, bannang tingkap n. (A farmer’s improvised) portable shelter (against the sun, usu. made of light materials, like nipa and bamboo). Dāha in tingkap bang kaw magsuwat pa uma. Take your portable shelter with you

when you weed your fields. Cf. bāy-bāy bāy, panggung tingkiꞌ adv. (To walk, dance, etc.) on tiptoe. Amuna in kaamulahi niya magpanaw tingkiꞌ. It is her nature to walk on tiptoe.    v. aux mag-, -um-. (To walk, dance, etc.) on tiptoe. Awn paliꞌ sin siki niya hangkan da siya nagtingkiꞌ miyanaw. There is a cut on his feet that is why he walks on tiptoe. Cf. ingkiꞌ tingkug1 v. act mag-, -um-; ran ka-…-an. (For an object) to bounce. Magtingkug in būla bang hitiluꞌ pa lantay. The ball bounces when thrown to the floor. Kiyahulugan siya sin dūyan timingkug dayn ha sanga dakulaꞌ. A durian that bounced off the big branch fell on him. tingkug2 (var. of tangkug) v To touch (something). *tingkuwang v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To parade a bride and groom around the area (after the marriage ceremony). Subay awn tabungguꞌ bang magtingkuwang. There should be a percussive instrument ensemble when we parade a bride and groom around the area.    n. pagtingkuwang The parading of a newly married couple around the area.{The groom’s party parade the couple in a decorated vehicle or chair. Musicians playing music walk or ride in front of the couple. Their destination is the groom’s house, where a celebration has also been going on, so that the guests there can see the couple. After a short time at the groom’s house the procession continues on to the bride’s house again.} Gana-gana in pagtingkuwang ha manga baꞌgu tiyaun. The parading of the newlyweds around the area will be later today. tingting v. ag mag-; pat -un. (For a bell) to ring, ring (a bell). Lisag pila magtingting in iskul? What time does the school bell ring? *tingting adj. matingting (Usu. of cloth or clothing) narrow. Matingting in kakanaꞌ ini hangkan diꞌ makaabut sukurun pantalun. This cloth is narrow, that’s why it can’t be made into pants. ANT. mahabug habug tingug n. A human voice. Maluuy in tingug niya. Her voice is melodious.    v. act mag-, -um-. To sound like (someone’s voice). Bang in usug ini kumalang mataas magtingug siya biyaꞌ babai. When this man sings at a high pitch he sounds like a woman. Cf. katingug

katingug (derv.) n. A sound. tipapalu (var. of titipalu) n A small worm with a luminous body. tipāra (var. of tupāra) n Diving goggles. tiparat (var. of *kiparat) v (For family members or families) to forgive (one another) and forget (misunderstanding and grievances by both offended parties). tipas v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un; ran ka-…-an. To catch (something) unawares. Supaya masaggaw in manuk subay ta tipasun nagkakaun. In order to catch a chicken we should catch it unawares while it’s eating. Kiyatipasan niya mayan in banta niya magtuy niya biyunuꞌ. When he caught his foe unawares he immediately killed him. OV SYN. tipu tipay n. A thin large bivalve pearly oyster. Malagguꞌ in mussaꞌ nakawaꞌ ha tipay. The pearl taken from the oyster is huge. (See Appendix 3: Seashells, Seaweeds, etc.) *tipluk v. pat ma-, magka-. (For something such as ripe fruit, flowers, or the handle of something) to fall off (by itself); be separated. Magkatipluk in mampallam dayn ha tangkay niya bang hinug na tuud. A mango will fall off from its stem when it’s fully ripe. Cf. ipuk tipu n. Deceit, fraud, treachery. Walaꞌ ku kiyaingatan in tipu sin bagay ku kākuꞌ. I didn’t know the treachery done by my friend against me.    v. CH 1 ag mag-, -um-, mang-; pat -un. To deceive (someone), accomplish (something) through fraud or treachery. Tipuhun sa kaw yan sin banta mu. You’ll be deceived by your enemy.    adj. panipu Deceiving, deceptive; fraudulent; insidious, treacherous. In sakit kansir panipu. Cancer is an insidious disease. Kamayaꞌ kaw ha tau yan, panipu. Beware of that fellow. He’s treacherous. tipun (var. pūn2) v. AQ ag/goal mag-, -um-; pat -un. To gather together or assemble, gather (things or people) together, save (money). Tipun kaw sīn para ha susūngun. Save money for the future. Tipuna in lummiꞌ dī ha dugu. Gather the trash in this corner. Tipuna in katān kampung ta. Gather all our relatives together.    n. pagtipun-tipun A gathering together (of people). Awn pagtipun-tipun adlaw ini sin manga jamaa ha masjid. There’s a gathering of the congregation today in the mosque.

tirigu n. Flour. Ayaka in tirigu. Hinangun ta apam. Sift the flour. We’ll make pancakes out of it. Cf. tapung *tiris v. CH 1 ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To kill lice with the fingernails, press prickly heat with the fingernails. Tirisa in bunga hulas ha taykud ku. Squeeze the prickly heat on my back with your fingernails. tirung n. A covering for the head (to protect from the heat of the sun or from rain). Mabasaꞌ da kaw sin ulan bang kātas in tirung mu. You’ll get wet anyway by the rain if you use paper for a covering for your head.    v. AR ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To cover the head. Tirungi in bataꞌ bat diꞌ kaaluan. Cover the child’s head so the dew won’t get on him. OV SYN. turung, *tampan 1, taming tisaꞌ n. Bricks (made of clay). Tisaꞌ in kutaꞌ hīnang sin Kastilaꞌ ha Lupaꞌ Sūg. The forts built by the Spanish on Jolo are made of brick. *tistis adj. (Of a person) characterized by gradually becoming thinner and thinner (as in consumption, TB, or anemia).    v. pat ma-, magka-. (For a person) to get thinner and thinner (with sickness), (for an object) to gradually diminish or become less (in amount, usu. of something in a container). Natistis in tubig ha baril īnum sin hayup. The water in the barrel has gradually diminished because it has been drunk by the animals. In baran hi Abdul magkatistis. Abdul is getting thinner. Cf. tiꞌlis tita n. A speech, decree or declaration (of a sultan). Subay ta kahagarun in tita sin sultan. We should obey the king’s decree.    v. ag mag-; goal -an. (For a sultan) to speak, utter, decree, declare (something). Nagtita in sultan ha manga hamba raayat niya. The king spoke to his humble subjects. OV SYN. uldin; Cf. laung1 , pamung, agi 1, parman titib adj. (Of a slope) steep. Titib in dagat ha Pangutaran. The ocean floor off Pangutaran is steep.    n. Steepness, steep slope (of the ocean floor), vertical slope of the hole dug for a grave (with liyang). Landuꞌ in titib sin būd Mayun ini. The steepness of Mount Mayon is too much. ANT. patag; Cf.

hunasan hunas 1 titik1 n. Dot (esp. the dots over and under certain letters in Arabic writing), diacritical markings on certain (Arabic) consonants. Diꞌ aku makabassa sulat Sūg bang way titik. I cannot read Arabic script if there are no diacritical consonantal markings.    v. AR ag mag-; ran -an. To write such dots. Cf. baris titik2 v. ag mag-, mang-; pat -un. To predict the future or tell (someone’s) fortune by means of grains of corn or rice. Bang kita mabayaꞌ ingatun bang marayaw atawa bukun in paghambuuk sin tau sūng tiyaunun subay titikun. If we want to know if the marriage of people who are about to be wed will be good or not, we should tell their fortune with grains of corn/rice.    n. titikan A prediction or fortune-telling by this means. Bang bunnal in baytaꞌ sin titikan magkarayahan kunuꞌ in duwa magtiyaun ini. If what the prediction tells us is true, this married couple will become rich. Cf. kitaan kitaꞌ 2 titipalu (var. tipapalu) n. A small worm with a luminous body. In titipalu bang makasūd pa taynga makamatay. The small luminous worm can kill if it enters the ear. Maluhay kakitaan in titipalu bang ha kalinduman sabab in baran nila magsiꞌnag. It is easy to see the small luminous worms when it is dark because their bodies shine. (See Appendix 4: Animals, Non-flying) tiub 1 n. Pyorrhea alveolaris. Maghinguꞌ in ipun mu bang awn tiub mu. If you have pyorrhea your teeth will become loose. 2 n. A fistula. tiyan 1 n. Stomach, belly. Mangiꞌ da isab bang malagguꞌ in tiyan ta. It’s bad if our stomach is big. (See Appendix 6: The Parts of the Body) lawm-tiyan (comp.) n. A disorder of the abdomen. 2 n. The womb. SYN. kulangan bataꞌ tiyanggi 1 n. (cap.) Jolo town. Pa Tiyanggi kitaniyu sumūd sīni. Let’s go to Jolo town and go to the movies. 2 n. A market. SYN. tabuꞌ

tiyap-tiyap adv. Each, every, any; anytime; every time. Tiyap-tiyap tau marayaw tungbasan ta isab pa marayaw. Every good person will be rewarded also well. Tiyap-tiyap tau manakaw subay pagjīlun. Everyone who steals should be jailed. Tiyap-tiyap tau bungisan way tau sumuuk. Nobody will approach any harsh person. *tiyaun 1 v. AR ag mag-, -um-; goal -an. (For a man) to marry (a woman). Tiyaunan ku in babai yan. I’ll marry that woman. v. pat -un. To be wed. Tiyaunun sila puas haylaya ini. They will be wed after this coming end-ofRamadan festival. n. magtiyaun A married couple. Nagbugit in magtiyaun. The married couple divorced. n. pagtiyaunan Wedding celebration. Mangluruk kita pa pagtiyaunan. We will attend the wedding celebration. OV SYN.: kawin; Cf.: asawa, bana. tiyaw-tiyaw (var. of tilaw-tilaw) n Wigglers, newly hatched eggs of mosquitoes. *tiyuꞌ adj. hangkatiyuꞌ Small or little in number, quantity or amount. Hangkatiyuꞌ da in sīn dīhil niya kākuꞌ. He gave me just a little amount of money. Hangkatiyuꞌ da in kaingatan ku pasal niya. I know just a little about him. Cf. asibiꞌ    adj. tiyuꞌ-tiyuꞌ Very small or little. Tiyuꞌ-tiyuꞌ da in gadji niya. His pay is very little. Cf. anak-anak, nikiꞌ-nikiꞌ, sibiꞌ-sibiꞌ    adj. katiyuꞌ-tiyuan (Always preceded by the negative diꞌ) Having a sensitive nature or feelings, easily offended, disturbed, irritated (as by the actions of others); touchy; very susceptible (to something); easily (affected by something). Diꞌ katiyuꞌ-tiyuan in tau ini dugalan. This man easily gets angry. Kamayaꞌ kaw magdā sin bāsu yan sabab diꞌ katiyuꞌ-tiyuan magtuy mabagbag. Be careful in carrying that glass because it is very fragile, it breaks easily. In bataꞌ ini diꞌ katiyuꞌ-tiyuan masakit. This child is susceptible to diseases. tiyugbukan bahibu (var. tiyungbukan bahibu) 1 n. The pores from which body hair grows. Gumuwaꞌ in hulas dayn ha tiyugbukan bahibu. Sweat comes out of the pores from which body hair grows. 2 adj. Very great. Tiyugbukan bahibu in utang niya. His debt is very great (i.e., as the number of such pores is large).

tiyulaꞌ (see *tulaꞌ) n. A soup made by boiling fish, seafood, poultry, or meat with some seasoning in water. tiyulaꞌ itum (from tulaꞌ) n. A black meat soup (blackened by charring pounded coconut meat. Made by boiling meat, spices, and seasonings).{A specialty on Jolo. The ingredients are beef or goat meat or chicken, ginger, turmeric, chili peppers, onions, tomatoes, garlic, burned and pounded coconut meat, and sometimes lemon grass.} SYN. tiyulaꞌ Sūg tiyulaꞌ Sūg n. Same as tiyulaꞌ itum. (Used outside of the Tausug home area.) tiyumpiꞌ (from tumpiꞌ) n. A (square) cake of grated cassava (wrapped in banana leaves or plastic).{After grating the cassava is pressed overnight to remove the liquid. The next morning it is molded into square pieces and then wrapped.} Mahalgaꞌ in tiyumpiꞌ ha waktu bihaun. Cakes of grated cassava are expensive now. Pila-pila in tiyumpiꞌ piyagdagang ha tabuꞌ bihaun? How much is a cake of cassava now? Masarap in tiyumpiꞌ hinangun siyanglag. Cakes of grated cassava are delicious when roasted. *tiyup v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. (For something) to blow, blow (something). Timiyup in hangin dayn ha sātan. The wind blew from the south. Tiyupa in kāyu bat malaga. Blow the fire so it will blaze. OV SYN. huyup    n. tiyup-tiyup Any wind instrument (esp. a toy), toy horn, whistle. Bīhi tiyup-tiyup in manga bataꞌ. Buy the children a toy horn. OV SYN. huyup-huyup huyup tiyuwas adj. Deprived of an equal share or situation, (of a share of something, of education, skill, beauty, handsomeness) less (than another’s), (of position) lower (than another’s of the same qualifications), (of size) smaller (than someone else). Tiyuwas in magulang pa manghud ha kapandayan magkalang. The skill of the elder is less than the younger in singing.    vt. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To deprive (someone) of an equal share, give (someone) an unequal share (i.e., smaller than equal). Mangiꞌ in magtiyuwas ha pagkahi ta bang magbahagiꞌ sin usaha. It’s bad to give an unequal share to our fellow when we’re dividing the profits.    vi. ST pat ma-. To be deprived of an equal share, be given an unequal (i.e., smaller) share, be surpassed (by someone else in something). Bang kulang in pangadjiꞌ ta matiyuwas kita sin taga pangadjiꞌ ha unu-unu katān. If we have lesser education we will be surpassed by those with education in everything.

   n. maniyuwas, magpaniyuwas One who gives unequal shares. tū adj. Three. Awn tū bituun sin panji natuꞌ. Our flag has three stars. (See umbul for table.)    adv. magtū Into three equal parts. Bang tū tau in nagꞌusaha, subay isab bahagiun magtū in usaha nila. If three people are in business, their income should also be divided into three equal parts. tūꞌ n. A drop (of liquid), a dripping or leak (from a faucet or a wound). Awn tūꞌ tubig dayn ha tubu yaun. There is a dripping of water from that pipe. Dihili siya limangka-tūꞌ ubat adlaw-adlaw. Give him five drops of medicine daily.    v. act mag-, -um-; ran -an. [Often rdp.] (For a liquid or the surface it is on) to drip. Tumūꞌ in ulan dayn ha buslut atup. Rain will drip through the leak in the roof. Cf. *anud *tuꞌtuꞌ v. ag mag-; pat -un; ran -an. To cut down (a tree) starting with the branches, cut (the branches) off (a tree). Tuꞌtuun ku na in manga biyabas diꞌ magbunga. I’ll cut down the guava trees starting with the branches; they don’t bear fruit. Tuꞌtuan ku sadja in sanga sin mampallam. I’ll just cut off the branches of the mango tree. (See utud for table.) tubaꞌ n. Toddy from the coconut palm, coconut wine. Nahilu siya sabab mataud tubaꞌ nainum niya. He is drunk because he drank too much toddy. OV SYN. alak1 (See niyug for table.)    v. ag mag-. To make coconut wine. Duun kita magtubaꞌ ha niyug yan. We’ll make coconut wine from that coconut tree.    n. magtutubaꞌ One who ferments and processes or sells coconut wine.    n. tubaan A place for drinking coconut wine. tubad n. Truth. In tubad sin bichara niya diꞌ na tuud siya mabayaꞌ magbalik iban sin bana niya. The truth of her statement is that she doesn’t want to reconcile with her husband any more.    adj. matubad Very frank. Matubad in tau yan bang magbissara. That person is very frank in talking.    v. ag mag-, -um-; goal -an. To be frank with (someone). Bang magbissara iban tau marayaw atawa mangiꞌ na ka, subay tubaran ta siya. In talking with another person be it good or bad we should be frank with him. Magtubad kita sin halgaꞌ sin istaꞌ. Let us be frank about the price of this fish. Tubari siya sin ha lawm sin atay mu. Be frank with her about what is in your heart. OV SYN. tuman *tubag v. CH 1 ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To put (someone) to death instantly. Tubaga in banta mu. Kill your

enemy instantly. OV SYN. salak, *ligis, bugtang; GENR. patay 1 *tubas v. ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To cure (someone) completely by bathing (him) with water that has been prayed over (see tawal), cleanse (something) with such water. Subay tau maingat in magtubas ha tau yan supaya maīg in sakit niya. It should be a knowledgeable person who bathes that man with water that has been prayed over so that his sickness will go away. Subay tubasan in biraddali yan bat nakabana tau dunya, hangkan sa bahuꞌ tau dunya na. The skymaiden should be cleansed with water that has been prayed over because she married an earthling, that is why she smells like an earthling. OV SYN. payguꞌ, liguꞌ; Cf. tawal 1 tubig n. Water, juice (of a fruit), (with mata) tears. Marayaw inumun in tubig pisang. Pineapple juice is good to drink.    v. ag mag-; ran -an. To pour water on (something). Ayaw tubigi in sayul. Don’t pour water on the vegetable. Tubigan ku na in bugas? Shall I pour water on the rice?    v. goal -un. To be penetrated by water. Bang sakayan daan na tantu tubigun sadja bang usalun. If an outrigger canoe is old it will certainly be penetrated by water when it is used.    adj. matubig Watery, (of fruit) juicy. Matubig tuud in mistang ini. This gruel is very watery. tubig batu n. Ice. tubig kaliꞌ n. Water from a dug pit. Cf. kuppung tubig lunggang n. Water from an artesian well. Cf. kuppung tublak v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un; ran -an. To dip or dunk (something into something else, as cookies in coffee or green mangoes in soy sauce). Tiyublak niya in bangbang pa kahawa. She dunked the cookies into the coffee. Cf. *duis tubli n. A poisonous vine (the sap of which is used to poison fish). Makapatay istaꞌ in tubli bang in taguk niya makapamata sin istaꞌ. The poisonous vine will kill fish when its sap gets into their eyes. Derris elliptica (See Appendix 5: Plants)    v. ag mang-; pat -un. To poison fish with this vine. Subay tublihun in indung ha lawm batu. We should poison the eels among the stones with the poisonous vine.

tubtub 1 n. Last (as of price), range or extent of action, extent or end (of something). Pila in tubtub sin halgaꞌ niya yan? What’s the end of its price? (i.e., what’s its last price?). adv. As far as, until. Tubtub Indanan in naabut namuꞌ. We’ve reached as far as Indanan. Tubtub hain in nabassa mu? Until what part have you read? v. pat -um-; ran -an. To set the last price, (for something) to reach its extent or end. Bang kaw diꞌ magad kākuꞌ, na, tumubtub na dī in pagbagay ta. If you won’t come with me, then our friendship will then end here. Cf.: hinapusan, jangkaan *jangkaꞌ. 2 v. pat -um-. To be full of (a negative quality, usu. derogatory). Timubtub na duun kaymu in katān karupangan. You have all the foolishness to the full. Patubtuba in pamikil mu sin pasal yan. Think of that matter thoroughly. tubu n. Sugarcane.{For varieties see Appendix 5.} Malimuꞌ in tubu ha Bilaan. The sugarcane is sweet in Bilaan. tūbu n. A water pipe. Awn buslut sin tūbu yan. There’s a leak in the water pipe. tubuꞌ 1 n. A sprout (of a plant seed or flower). v. AR act mag-, -um-; ran -an. (For plants and diseases) to begin to grow, sprout. Hangkarayꞌ da timubuꞌ in sumping tiyanum niya. The flower he planted sprouted right away. Diꞌ tubuan manggis in lupaꞌ ini. Mangosteen won’t sprout in this soil. Tiyubuan siya ugud lugay ha pugay. He developed long-lasting dermatitis on his neck. Patubuun ku in bigi kapaya ini ha halaman bāy namuꞌ. I’ll sprout these papaya seeds in our yard. OV SYN.: *uplut, sahaꞌ. 2 n. Offspring. Miyatay sadja in tau yaun wayruun tubuꞌ niya. That man died with no offspring. n. panubuꞌ Descendant, lineage. In katān mānusiyaꞌ panubuꞌ hi Apuꞌ Adam. All mankind are the descendants of grandfather Adam. *tubud v. act mag-, -um-. [The source is not focused.] To flow, flow out, gush (from a source). Magtubud in laway ku pagkitaꞌ ku sin mampallam hilaw. My saliva flows out when I see unripe mangoes. In tubig yaun tubud harap pa sātan. The water flows to the south. Subay patuburun in tubig pa kabāyan. The water should be made to flow to the houses.    n. tuburan A spring, fountain. In tuburan amu in didtu ha Buntud landuꞌ tuud marayaw. The spring

in Buntud is very good. Cf. *anud tubul n. Constipation.    v. ST pat -un. [Does not occur with pa₂.] To be constipated. Tubulun kaw bang kaw kumaun biyabas. You’ll be constipated if you eat guava.    adj. makatubul Constipating. Makatubul in bigi biyabas. Guava seeds are constipating. tubus adj. Complete in all respects, without any defect, perfect, flawless. Wayruun mānusiyaꞌ tubus dī ha babaw dunya ini, amu ra in Allahu Taala yadtu ha sulgaꞌ in tubus. There is no perfect person here on earth. Only God in heaven is perfect. Tubus in lingkat niya. Her beauty is perfect. Tubus in lingkat sin pagpinta niya sin pattaꞌ mu. The beauty of his painting of your picture is perfect. *tūd v. CV 1 ag mag-, -um-; pat hi-. To push or shove (something). Hitūd ta in jīp bat mabuhiꞌ. Let’s push the jeep so its engine will start. Tiyūd niya in bataꞌ hangkan da nahulug. He pushed the child. That’s why she fell. Cf. *tulak 1    n. rdp. A bolt-action rifle (see tūd-tūd). tūd-tūd n. A bolt-action rifle (i.e., a Remington, Springfield or Winchester rifle). Bīhi pungluꞌ in tūd-tūd mu. Buy bullets for your bolt-action rifle. Cf. huru-huru 1 tudju 1 v. TV ag mag-, -um-; goal -un. [Often unaffixed and no noun phrase is in focus.] To go or head directly toward (a place), go and see (someone) directly, hit directly or accurately (something aimed at). Tudju mu yan pakain? Where are you headed/off to? Tudju pakain in lupad sin ariplanu? In which direction is the plane headed? Walaꞌ nakatudju in pagtiluꞌ mu. You didn’t hit it directly. Mayul in tudjuha bang pasal sin parakalaꞌ yan. Concerning that case, go and see the mayor directly. n. tudjuhan The place where one is going or heading. Diꞌ ku kaingatan bang pakain in tudjuhan ku. I don’t know where the place I’m heading to is (i.e., I don’t know where I’m going). OV SYN.: harap 1, sūng 1.1. 2 v. ag mag-, -um-; goal -un; ran -an. To do something correctly or properly. Diꞌ tumudju in pamikil ku bang mu aku līlingug sadja. I can’t think correctly if you keep on pestering me. adj./adv. matudju Right(ly), accurate(ly). Matudju manimbak in tau ini. This man shoots accurately. OV SYN.: kugdan 2.

3 v. ag magpa-; pat -um-. (For wares) to sell well, (for a business) to be profitable. Timudju in pagdagang nila tahay. Their business of selling dried fish is profitable. adj. (Of a business) profitable; (of wares) profitably saleable. Matudju in dagangan nila. Their wares are profitably saleable. Cf.: malandag *landag. tudluꞌ n. Forefinger, index finger. Ayaw sulugan in singsing ha tudluꞌ mu. Don’t put a ring on your forefinger. Cf. bakul2 1, lāsuꞌ, jaymanis, kingking    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat hi-. To point at or point out (something with the finger). Tudluan in sugarul kākuꞌ. Point out to me the burglar. tūg n. Sleep. Bukun marayaw in tūg ku kabii. I didn’t have a good sleep last night.    v. ag ma-. pat -un; ran ka-…-an. To be asleep, go to sleep. Diꞌ siya mabayaꞌ matūg. She doesn’t want to go to sleep. Tūg na kaw. Go to sleep. Natutūg hi Amaꞌ. Father is asleep. Diꞌ aku tūgun salugay nila diꞌ dumatung. I can’t go to sleep as long as they haven’t arrived. Diꞌ katūgan in bāy ini. One can’t sleep in this house.    n. tūgan A place to sleep. OV SYN. balaruꞌ, haluk, lipat3; Cf. *puaw tugaan adj. (Of a woman) flirtatious. Mangiꞌ magꞌagad magpanaw ha babai tugaan. It is not good to go with a flirtatious woman. In babai tugaan, bataꞌ pa makabana na. A flirtatious woman usually gets married at an early age. OV SYN. mabais/baisan bais tugas 1 n. Hardness (of stone, steel, and the like); rigidity, firmness. In tugas sin tinapay ini biyaꞌ batu. The hardness of this bread is like rock. vi. ST pat -um-. To become hard, rigid, firm. adj. matugas Hard, rigid, firm, unyielding. Matugas in kahuy ini mahunit tuisun. This wood is hard, it’s hard to chop. 2 n. Rigidity, unyieldingness (of people). v. ST pat -um-. To become rigid or unyielding. Way mahinang ta bang siya tumugas. We can’t do anything if he won’t yield (to our wishes). vt. ag mag-, -um-; goal -an. To resist, to become hardened against something. Tiyugasan niya in kabayaan sin inaꞌ niya. He resisted his mother’s wishes. adj. matugas Rigid, unyielding, (with ū) stubborn. Hangkan da liyubakan sabab matugas in ū niya.

The reason he was spanked was that he is stubborn. tugdaꞌ1 n. A reply to a question, answer. In tugdaꞌ sin pangasubu niya amu. The answer to his question was correct.    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat hi-; goal -an. To answer (a question or a letter). Magtugdaꞌ naa aku sin sulat sin asawa ku. I’ll answer first the letter of my wife. Unu in hitugdaꞌ mu ha pangasubu sin manga tau? What are you going to answer to the question of the people? Tugdaan ku hambuuk-hambuuk in pangasubu nila. I’ll answer their questions one by one. OV SYN. sambung1 , sambag, jawab tugdaꞌ2 v. act mag-, -um-. To be appropriate to (as an answer to the question, music to the words of a song, or one’s dress to the occasion), fit with (in timing, in color, in subject, etc.). Bang magtabungguꞌ, subay magtugdaꞌ in lisag sin alak iban lisag sin agung. When gongs and drums are played together, the beating of the drums should fit with the striking of the gongs. OV SYN. amu1 , kugdan 2, tūp *tugilaꞌ 1 v. ag mag-, -um-; pat hi-. To tell exactly (what happened), name (people) one by one, point out or describe (something) plainly. Diꞌ ku na hikatugilaꞌ in bakas liyabayan. I can’t tell exactly what happened in the past. Hikatugilaꞌ mu in manga tau bakas simūd pa bāy mu? Could you name one by one the people who entered your house? Hikatugilaꞌ mu kākuꞌ in dagbus sin tau kītaꞌ mu? Could you describe to me plainly the appearance of the man you saw? Cf. baytaꞌ, suysuy, isturi 2 v. pat hika-. [With negative diꞌ.] To express or describe (something in words). Diꞌ hikatugilaꞌ in kasannyangan ha lawm sulgaꞌ. One can’t describe the peace and comfort in heaven (i.e., it’s inexpressible, too overwhelming to be described in words). tugnaꞌ v. CH 1 ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To cook a staple food (as rice or cassava). Tugnaꞌ kaw bugas. Cook the rice. Tugnaun ku in bugas. I’ll cook the rice. Cf. aman 1; GENR. lutuꞌ 1    n. tugnaan/pagtugnaan A stove, kitchen; cooking pot. tugnus (var. tagnus) v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un; ran -an. [No difference in meaning between -un and -an.] To uproot (something), remove or pull out (something embedded in something else). Kari kamu magtugnus kitaniyu sin sagbut ha halaman. Come, let’s uproot the grasses in the yard. Matugnus ku in sagbut baꞌgu timubuꞌ. I can uproot the grass newly growing. Tugnusa in pūhan sin utak. Remove the handle from the bolo. OV SYN. bugnus, hublut

*tugpaꞌ v. ag mag-, -um-; goal -un; ran -an. To jump down. Tugpaꞌ kaw dayn ha tarak. Jump down from the truck. Tugpaun ku in bataꞌ-bataꞌ nahulug pa dagat bat diꞌ malumus. I’ll jump to the child who fell into the sea so she doesn’t drown. Tugpaan ta kaw. I’ll jump down on you. OV SYN. laksu; Cf. lungtud tugsuk 1 n. A fork (as in eating), (hair)pin, any pointed instrument. Nalawaꞌ in tugsuk sin buhuk ku. The pin for my hair is lost. Cf.: sipit 1. v. CH 1 ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To stick, prick (something with a fork or pointed instrument). Tugsuka siya sin jawm. Prick him with a needle. Cf.: lagsak, *tasak 1, dugsuꞌ. 2 v. pat -un. To accuse (someone) of a fault or misconduct without proof or evidence (so as to find the truth). Tugsuka in tau yan bat makabaytaꞌ sin bunnal. Accuse that fellow so he’ll tell the truth. Cf. tukud, *tunaꞌ *tugtug v. ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To burn incense (thus releasing its fragrance). Pagtugtug kaw kamanyan bang dūm Jumaat. Burn incense on Thursday night.    n. panugtugan A censer. Ugab in panugtugan nila. A coconut shell is their censer. *tugu adj. matugu Effective (of a person, one’s praying, fortune-telling, etc., or prayer, medicine). Matugu siya mangayuꞌ duwaa. He is effective in praying. Matugu in duktul yan mangubat. That physician is effective in medical treatment.    v. pat mag-. To be compatible. Bang magtugu in duktur iban tau iyubatan niya, maluhay tuud kaulian. If a doctor and the person he is treating are compatible, it will be very easy for the person to be cured.    v. ST pat -um-. To become effective.    v. pat -un. (For something) to have a good effect (on someone or something).{E.g., a baby is constantly sick so his name is changed. If his health then improves, the change is said to have a good effect.} Tiyugu siya sin ilmuꞌ niya. His spiritual knowledge has a good effect on him. Tiyugu siya sin ngān niya. His name has a good effect on him. tugub adj. (Of a truck or boat) deeply laden, overloaded. Tugub in lansa sin buwahan. The launch is overloaded with lanzones. OV SYN. hipuꞌ, dasuk, lapat 1 tugul (var. tigul) n. Zealousness, insistence, persistence. Hangpuꞌ tahun in tugul niya namayaꞌ-mayaꞌ ha

tunang niya. His persistence in courting his sweetheart lasted ten years.    v. goal -an. To be zealous, insist, persist. Bang mu diꞌ tugulan diꞌ mu makāꞌ in bahagiꞌ mu. If you won’t insist you won’t get your share.    adj. matugul Zealous, industrious, persistent. Matugul siya ha hinang niya. He is zealous in his work. Cf. tuyuꞌ    adj. panugul Insistent in getting some material thing that one strongly desires. Panugul tuud in bataꞌ ini. This child is very insistent in getting what he wants. tugun 1 n. Date, appointment. Kuꞌnu in tugun sin pagtiyaun? When is the date set for the wedding? v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un, hi-. To fix a date (for something). Nagtugun kami magbāk ha adlaw ini. We fixed a date for us to meet today. 2 n. Something ordered or arranged, word sent, a matter (to speak about to someone). In tugun mu kākuꞌ hipabī ha Manilaꞌ, walaꞌ ku nabī, sabab kiyabus aku sīn. What you arranged for me to buy in Manila, I couldn’t buy because I ran out of money. v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To order (something to be bought by someone else), send word (to someone). Tugunun ku hi Indaꞌ pauwiun kunsūm. I’ll send word to ask Indaꞌ to come home tomorrow. OV SYN.: paraak derv. daak, pabaytaꞌ baytaꞌ. *tugut 1 v. ag mag-, -um-; pat hi-; ran -an. [No difference in meaning between hi- and -an.] To allow, give permission, concede. Tuguti siya manaw bang awn iban niya. You allow him to go if he has a companion. Cf. *dūl 1 2 v. AR ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To play out string, let (something) out further (e.g., a kite). Tuguti na in tāguriꞌ mu! Let your kite out further! tuhan n. (cap.) The supreme being, God. Hambuuk-buuk Tuhan in makapagbayaꞌ sin katān ha lawm ālam. There is only one God who controls everything in the world. SYN. Allah    v. ag mag-, -um-; ran pag-…-an. To worship (something) as God, adore or idolize (something). Diꞌ kita makajari magtuhan sin unu-unu sadja, laung sin kitab. We are not allowed to worship just anything as God, the holy book says. Pilak in pagtuhanan sin tau ini. This man idolized money. tuhud n. Knee, kneecap. Paliyuha dayn ha tuhud in habaꞌ sin badjuꞌ mu. Make your dress length lower than your knees. (See Appendix 6: The Parts of the Body)

tuhug v. CH 1 ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To string (something, as fish or beads). Tuhug kaw istaꞌ. String the fish. tuhuma n. Suspicion. Bunnal in tuhuma mu sin pasal sin sugarul. Your suspicion about the thief was right.    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To suspect (someone). Aku in tiyuhuma niya nagkawaꞌ sin sīn niya. I am the one he suspects of taking his money. OV SYN. tukud, *tunaꞌ *tuis v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To chop, hack, cleave (something, as firewood). Tuisa in batang kahuy ini bat awn hipagkahuy. Chop this wood so that we will have firewood. (See utud for table.) tujulaksaꞌ (Mal.) adj. Seventy-seven thousand seven hundred seventy-seven (the number of repetitions of laila ha illala in a tahalil). Walungka-tau imam in nagtahalil tujulaksaꞌ. There are eight priests who prayed 77,777 times. tūk 1 n. Something (esp. money), risked in a bet, game or contest; stake. Kayꞌman pilak in tūk ku ha manuk putiꞌ. I have a fifty-peso stake on that white rooster. v. ag mag-; pat hi-; ran pag-…-an. To stake (something, esp. money) in a bet, game or contest; bet. Ayaw na kaw tumūk bang kaw mabugaꞌ daugun. Don’t bet if you’re afraid to lose. Minsan pila pagtūkan diꞌ siya dumaug. I’d bet everything he’ll not win. (i.e., I’m certain he’ll not win.) Mabayaꞌ kaw magtūk? Do you want to bet? OV SYN.: taun1 . 2 v. pat hi-, hipag. To forsake or give up (something for something else considered highly important or esteemed). Diꞌ ta kaw hitūk ha maas-taymanghud ku. I won’t forsake my family on your behalf. Hipagtūk ku in duguꞌ-nyawa ku bang pasal sin hulaꞌ ku. I’ll give up my life for the sake of my country. *tūk v. ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To point (a weapon) closely at (someone). Tiyūkan niya sin pistul in sugarul. He pointed a revolver at the burglar. Cf. *surang, anghaꞌ tūk-tūk n. Drizzle, light rain. Pagpayung kaw bang awn pa masi tūk-tūk. Use an umbrella if there is still light rain.    v. none mag-, -um-; ran -an. To drizzle. Bang magtūk-tūk pasūra in manga bataꞌ pa bāy. If it drizzles have the children go into the house. Cf. andahaw, bunuk-bunuk

tukaꞌ n. Beak, bill. Malagguꞌ in tukaꞌ sin bakakka. The bill of a kingfisher is big. tukad v. TV ag mag-, -um-; goal -un. To go up (to a higher elevation), climb up (a mountain or hill). Tukad kaw pa gimba kumāꞌ panggiꞌ. Go up into the interior and get some cassava. Mahunit tumukad pa gimba bang pangulan. It’s difficult to go up into the interior when it’s rainy season. Tukara in mundu ha taas būd. Climb up to get the outlaw on top of the mountain. OV SYN. dāg1 1, sulad, sakat tukag n. A spar guide (fastened to a mast and extended to spread a sail), rib (of an umbrella), pole (used to keep open a window which opens and closes vertically). In tukag sin layag mahabaꞌ tuud. The spar guide of the sail is very long. In tukag sin payung mahugut. The ribs of an umbrella are steady.    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To spread (a sail), open (a window) and support it with a pole. Bang tukagun na in layag sin sakayan, na kumusug na in dāgan niya. When we spread the sail of a boat, its speed will increase. tukang n. A skilled workman, artisan. In tukang makabāk hinang minsan hain. A skilled workman can find work wherever he is. OV SYN. panday 1 tukang ipun (comp.) n. {Rare} A dentist. tukang bulawan (comp.) n. {Rare} A goldsmith. *tukas v. ag mag-, -um-, mang-; pat -un. To test (something). Nagtukas in duwa tau yadtu sin ingat nila. Those two men are testing each other’s knowledge. Natukas in isug niya. His bravery was tested. *tukbal v. CV 1 ag mag-, -um-, mang-; pat hi-; ran -an. To deliver or hand over (something to someone). Tukbalan na in pamulawan yan ha tagdapu. Hand over that gold jewelry to the owner. Hitukbal na in pagmayul ha dimaug sin pagbutu. I’ll turn over the mayorship to the one winning the election. Ikaw na in tukbalan ku sin altaꞌ ini. You are the one I’ll turn over this property to. OV SYN. dihil, duhal, ungsud2, kadtu *tukbuꞌ 1.1 v. ag mag-, -um-; pat hi-. To let (something) fly upward, fly (a kite or similar object). In tau yan maingat magtukbuꞌ taguriꞌ. That man knows how to fly a kite. 1.2 v. ag mag-, -um-; pat hi-; ran -an. To transfer (blame for a fault to someone else), project (one’s anger on someone else). Tiyukbuꞌ niya in dusa niya kākuꞌ. He put the blame for his fault on me.

Kiyatukbuan aku sin dugal niya. I was the one he projected his anger on. 2 v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To foment (people or animals) to fight. In duwa nagkālu, bagay nila in nagtukbuꞌ. Their friends fomented the two men to fight. *tukbung v. act mag-, -um-; ran -an. To fall headlong. Timukbung in bataꞌ-bataꞌ. The child fell headlong. tuki-tuki adj. Talkative, fond of gossip. In tau yan diꞌ kapangandulan bissara sabab tuki-tuki. That person can’t be trusted with words because he is talkative.    v. ag mag-; goal -un. To be always talking about (something), gossip. Magtuki-tuki sadja in hinang sin tau yan. That person is always gossiping. tukkuꞌ v. ag mag-, -um-; pat hi-. To droop one’s head. Saꞌ siya timukkuꞌ pagdungug niya nasunug in bāy nila. He just drooped his head when he heard that their house burned down.    n. pagtukkuꞌ The act of drooping the head (because of timidness, sadness, contemplation, etc.). Dayn kaina pa in pagtukkuꞌ sin tau yaun. His head has been drooping for some time now. OV SYN. anduk tuklang n. Sharpened bamboo, wood or iron (used as stake); a belt or sheath of thorns or leaves, etc. (around a tree to prevent its being climbed). Subay butangan tuklang in niyug ini bat way makarāg. We should put a sheath of thorns around this coconut tree so no one can climb it. *tuklug v. ag mag-, -um-; pat hi-; ran -an. To pay (a debt) indirectly (a debtor pays his debt not to his creditor but to a person to whom that creditor owes money). Bang magbayad utang ayaw magtuklug bat kamu diꞌ malingug. When you pay a debt do not pay your debt indirectly so you’ll not be in trouble (i.e., quarrel). Piyapagtuklug niya in utang niya kākuꞌ iban sin utang kaniya hi Abdul. His debt to me has been paid indirectly by the money that Abdul owed to him. Maytaꞌ aku in tuklugan mu sin utang? Why are you collecting a debt indirectly from me? Cf. sukut, utang tuktuk n. Forehead. Awn na kunut sin tuktuk niya. His forehead is wrinkled now. (See Appendix 6: The Parts of the Body) *tuktuk1 v. CH 1 ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To cut up (something) into pieces (with a knife, cleaver, bolo, etc.). Tuktuka in sapiꞌ. Cut up the beef into pieces. Bang aku dugalan tuktukun ku in badjuꞌ mu. If I

get mad at you I’ll chop your clothes into pieces. OV SYN. tamaꞌ (See utud for table.) *tuktuk2 v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To knock on (a door, window, etc.). Tuktuka kunuꞌ in lawang. Kalu awn tau. Knock on the door and see if there’s anybody in. Cf. kuꞌkuꞌ tuku n. A pole (used to support something). Pila in tuku kagunahan mu? How many poles for support do you need?    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un; ran -an. To support (something) with a pole. Tukuha in atup sin kusina. Support the roof of the kitchen with poles. Bang ku matuku in langit, hirihil ku in katān kabayaan mu. If I could pole up the sky I would give you everything you want (i.e., it’s not possible for me to give…). *tukub v. ag mag-, -um-, mang-; pat -un; ran pag-…-an. (For animals) to fight (over something), attack (someone or another animal). Nagtukub in manga kuting usug sabab hambuuk kuting babai. The male cats were fighting over a female cat. Piyagtukuban sin manga iruꞌ in bukug sapiꞌ. The dogs fought over a beef bone. Piyapagtukub niya in iruꞌ nila iban ha pangdaig. He made their dog fight with the neighbor’s dog. tukud v. ag mag-, -um-; goal -un, -an. To guess, suspect (something). Tukud mu hisiyu in dumaug magkalang. Guess who will win in the singing contest.    n. rdp. A riddle.    n. tukuran A guess, conjecture, surmise, suspicion. Ha tukuran ku siya in dumaug magmayul. My conjecture is that he will be the one to win the mayorship. OV SYN. sarap2 , tuhuma, *tunaꞌ tukud-tukud n. A riddle. Supaya kaingatan mu in tukud-tukud subay kaw magtaliꞌ. If you want to know the answer to a riddle you should think hard.    v. ag mag-. To tell riddles. Magtukud-tukud kitaniyu, hisiyu-siyu in makaingat sin tukuran awn hirihil kaniya. Let’s tell riddles. Whoever gets the answer will be given a prize. SYN. tigum-tigum tukul n. A hammer. Būs kaw tukul ha karpintiru. Borrow a hammer from the carpenter.    v. CH 1 ag mag-, -um-, mang-; pat -un. To hammer (something), pound with a hammer. Tukula in lansang. Hammer the nail.

tukun n. A pole (to propel a small boat in shallow water). Patung in tukun nila. Their boat pole was a bamboo.    v. AR ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To propel (a small boat) with a pole (in shallow water), pole (a boat). Subay kita magtukun pa Tanjung bang hunas. If it’s low tide we’ll have to pole our way to Tanjung. Cf. bugsay 1, dayung tukung adj. (Of chickens) lacking feathers near the tail, tailless, bobtailed. Dihili aku anak sin manuk mu tukung. Give me one of the chicks of your bobtailed hen. *tulaꞌ v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To boil (fish, seafood, poultry, or meat with some seasoning in water). Ayaw pataura in kamatis bang kaw magtulaꞌ. Don’t add too many tomatoes when you make fish soup.    n. tiyulaꞌ A soup made by boiling any of these in water. Maasin tuud in tiyulaꞌ mu. Your soup is very salty. Cf. *palam, gataꞌ, paksiyu tiyulaꞌ sapiꞌ (comp.) n. Beef soup. tulahad v. ag -um-. To stand up. Bang aku walaꞌ nakatulahad magtuy marayꞌ aku karaꞌganan sin kahuy naligad. If I hadn’t stood up immediately I probably would have been fallen on by the tree that fell over. tulak n. A journey, trip; setting out (on a trip).    v. ag mag-, -um-; goal -un. To leave, set out, depart for some place, take a trip, travel (esp. by sea). Kuꞌnu kaw tumulak pa Manilaꞌ? When are you leaving for Manila?    n. magtutulak-tulak A traveler. Kahunitan in magtutulak-tulak bang timpu mahangin. Travelers have a hard time in the windy season.    n. tulakan A trip, traveling. Way siya dī, yadtu ha tulakan. He is not here; he’s on a trip. OV SYN. īg, bugsay 2 *tulak 1 v. CV 1 ag mag-, -um-; pat hi-. To push (something heavy). Tulakan in bangkaꞌ yan. Push the boat (out from the shore). OV SYN. *tūd; Cf. sigay, simay panulak balaꞌ (derv.) n. A ceremony of cleansing. 2 v. CV 1 ag mag-, -um-; pat hi-. To refuse, decline to accept, reject, turn down (an offer, opportunity, help or aid, etc.). Ayaw mu tulakan in ridjikiꞌ mu. Don’t reject your opportunity. Tiyulak niya in tabang

namuꞌ. He turned down our help. Cf. *sulak tulda n. A tarpaulin, tent.    v. AR ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To cover (something) with a tarpaulin or tent. Tuldahi bat diꞌ kaulanan. Cover it with a tarpaulin so it won’t be rained on. OV SYN. mantaylukuꞌ tuliꞌ v. ag mag-, -um-; pat hi-; ran -an. To drop (something), let (something) drop (through a hole or tube). In bataꞌ-bataꞌ ini maingat tuud tumuliꞌ ha gawang mangintawꞌ. This child knows very well how to let her waste matter drop thru a hole. Tuliꞌ kaw ha gawang bang kaw mangihiꞌ. Let the urine drop through the hole when you urinate. Tulian in tubig pa lungag. Let the water fall through the tube. tulibas 1 adj. (Of cutting) deviating from a straight line. Tulibas in pagtabas niya sin kakanaꞌ. When he cut the cloth it deviated from the line. v. ag mag-; pat -un. To deviate from a line, cut on the bias. Magtulibas in pagtahiꞌ niya sin badjuꞌ. The sewing of the dress is deviating from its line. Gaid tiyulibas niya in tahiꞌ sin badjuꞌ ku. She intentionally deviated the sewing of my dress from the line. SYN.: bingkuk 1. 2 n. Big-eyed herring (an edible fish which is fat at the middle and thin at the tail). Ilisha hoeveni (See Appendix 2: Fish and Swimming Marine Creatures) tulid1 1 adj. Honest, straightforward (also matulid). Māhang in tau tulid bang pasal sīn na. People are seldom honest when it comes to money. OV SYN. buntul 2.1 2 n. Fluency (in speech). Biyaꞌ diin in tulid niya magtagalug? How fluent is his Tagalog? adj. Fluent (in speech) (also matulid). OV SYN.: hapal, matāp tāp; Cf.: lapak-lapak 1. tulid2 n. Acceptance of circumstances (often used ironically), a curse or wish (for something negative on someone). Tulid na ha atay ku in nalawaꞌ sīn dayn kākuꞌ. There is already an acceptance in my heart regarding the money that I lost. Tulid da ha atay ku miyatay kaw. I wish you were dead. Tulid da aku walaꞌ na kaw nagbalik mari. How I wish you hadn’t come back here. tulik v. ag mag-, -um-; pat hi-. To scream. Tulik kaw bang awn sumūd tau pa bilik mu. Scream if somebody enters your room. Bang kaw magtulik timbakun ta kaw. If you scream I will shoot you.    n. pagtulik A sharp piercing cry (as in fright or pain). Diyungug ku in pagtulik niya. I heard her sharp piercing cry. OV SYN. *ulak, gasud, ulang, silawak

tulin v. ag mag-, -um-, mang-. To move straight ahead, go straight (to a place). Bang kaw pa bāy namuꞌ tulin sadja kaw sin taytayan. If you go to our house just go straight ahead on the bridge. Tulin kaw pa bāy pagꞌuwi mu dayn ha paghinangan. You go straight to the house when you come home from work. OV SYN. buntul 1 *tulis v. AR ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To draw decorative lines on the face (as part of one’s makeup or in applying cosmetic on a bride or bridegroom’s face, using a mixture of charcoal and oil). Tulisi in pangantin yan. Draw decorative lines on the bride’s face. tulkin n. Final instructions (to a dead person).{Said at the grave just after he has been buried. It is believed that during this prayer the dead person sits up. Usu. said in Tausug.} Biyassa sin pakil in tulkin. The priest read the final instructions.    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To give final instructions (to the dead). Pagꞌubus kiyubul in patay tiyulkin na sin imam. After the dead was buried, the priest gave him the final instructions. Tulkinun sin imam in mayat ha supaya kaingatan sin ini bang unu in hisambung niya ha jaga sin lawang sulgaꞌ. The priest gives the final instruction to the dead so that he will know how to answer the guard at heaven’s gate. tulun n. Something (not material) given (to someone by God or a spirit [jīn]). Bang in ingat sin tau tulun dayn ha Tuhan, diꞌ hikasipat in dayaw niya. If a person’s knowledge is a gift from God, it’s goodness is indescribable.    v. pat -um-, mag-; ran -an. (For such a gift) to be given (to someone). Bang in tau katulunan sin ingat mangubat mapauliꞌ niya minsan sakit masangat na. If a person is given knowledge in curing he can cure even a severe illness. tulung 1 n. Aid, help, assistance. Dayn ha tulung sin Tuhan buhiꞌ da kami. Through God’s help we were able to survive. v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To give help, aid, assistance. Subay tulungun in manga tau paguy. We must give aid to the evacuees. OV SYN.: tabang. 2 n. Money given as a gift (at a wedding, death, or other ceremonial celebration, to help the family holding the affair with expenses). v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To give (money) as a gift (at such an occasion). Tulungun ku siya kayꞌman

pilak bang magtiyaun in anak niya. I will give him fifty pesos as a gift when his child marries. n. tutulungan/panulung Money given as a gift (by someone attending a wedding, death or other ceremonial celebration). Kulang labi hangibu pilak in tutulungan sin adlaw kamatay niya. There was more or less one thousand pesos given as gifts on the day of his death. tuma n. Body lice (found in clothing that is not laundered). Payguꞌ kaw adlaw-adlaw bang awn tuma mu. Bathe every day if you have body lice.    v. ST pat -un. To become infested with body lice. Tumahun sa kān bang kaw matūg ha daig niya. You’ll become infested with body lice if you sleep beside him. Mataud tau tiyutuma sin timpu Jipun. Many people had body lice during the Japanese time. Cf. kutu tumaka1 rel. Otherwise, or else. Tumaka pasāran ta kaw bang kaw diꞌ magparayaw sin pagꞌiskul mu. Otherwise, I will abandon you if you don’t make good in your studies. Pagkahagad kaw tumaka binsanaun ta kaw. Obey or else I’ll punish you. Hundung na kaw maglata tumaka bagahun ta kaw. You stop your talking otherwise I’ll slap you. tumaka2 (var. of taka-taka) adv The more, continuously. tuman adj. True, exact, definite, accurate (as of information or prophecy). Ayaw kaw magkahagad sin suysuy bukun tuman. Don’t believe talk which is not true.    vi. pat mag-. To be accurate, just right, exact, precise. Bang magtuman in ubat iban sin sakit hangkarayꞌ da kaw kaulian. If the medicine is just right for the sickness you will get better right away. Walaꞌ timuman in putikaan niya. His prediction is not accurate.    vt. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un; goal -an. To do (something) precisely or accurately. Subay mu tumanun in janjiꞌ mu. You must do precisely what you promised. Tumani aku sin bunnal. Tell me accurately the truth. Patumana ha ū bang mu siya timbakun. When you shoot him do it precisely in the head.    adj. matuman Very true, exact, precise, definite, accurate. Matuman in kitaan sin manga kanabihan ha lawm kitab. The prophesies of the prophets from the holy book are very true. OV SYN. bunnal, tudju 2; Cf. buntul 1 tumbaga n. Brass, copper, bronze. Tumbaga in manga batunjang yaun. Those trays are brass. tumbang-bīng (var. tumbang-balik) v. ag mag-, -um-. To go back and forth. Way tuud nahinang mu dayn

sin kaina nagtumbang-bīng hadja kaw. You have done nothing since earlier today, you are just going back and forth. Cf. kadtu kari tumbiꞌ n. Malicious gossip. Pasal tumbiꞌ in kiyapagkāluhan nila. Their quarrel was caused by malicious gossip.    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To tell malicious gossip (to someone). Hundung na kaw magtumbiꞌ bat kaw diꞌ makabaak kālu. Stop telling malicious gossip otherwise you’ll find trouble.    adj. tumbian/matumbiꞌ Gossipy, full of gossip. Tumbian in babai yan. That woman is gossipy. Cf. limut, bunga simud comp. bunga1 tumbu-tumbuhan n. Vegetation, plant life in general. Mapatay in tumbu-tumbuhan bang malugay way ulan. The vegetation will die if there is no rain for a long time. Cf. kakahuyan kahuy, pananum *tanum 1 tumbuk1 n. A seal or stamp (a mark of genuineness or authenticity). Subay awn tumbuk sin sulat padjak mu. Your pawn ticket must have a seal.    v. AR ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To stamp something (with a seal). Dittu tumbukan in kātas ini ha upis sin mayul. This paper should be stamped at the mayor’s office. Cf. angkaꞌ tumbuk2 v. CH 1 ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To jab, hit, or poke (something with a stick, rifle butt, poker, or the like). Tumbukun sān sin pulis in taraysikul mu. The policeman might jab your tricycle (with his rifle). Cf. kakal tumbung n. The end of the spinal cord above the buttocks (where a tail would grow). Aragay! masakit tuud in tumbung ku nakadugtul ha duhul sin bangkuꞌ. Ouch! the end of my spinal cord is really very painful, it hit the edge of the chair. OV SYN. igut 1 *tumlang v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un; goal -an. To speak plainly, directly or frankly. Tumlangan ta kaw sin unu in diꞌ ku kabayaan kaymu. I’ll tell you plainly what I don’t like in you. Tumlangi aku bang unu in ha lawm atay mu. Tell me frankly what’s in your heart. Cf. buntul 2.2, tuman tummun adj. (Of animate beings) silent, quiet. Halliꞌ kaw ha tau tummun. Beware of a silent man.    v. ag magpa-. To be silent, quiet. Subay magpatummun in pangantin babai. The bride must be silent.

Cf. duhung tumpak n. A spot (usu. on a garment). In tumpak ha bulsa sin badjuꞌ ku yan dayn ha dawat sin bulpin. The spot on the pocket of my shirt is from the ink of a ballpoint pen.    v. pat mag-, -um-; ran ka-…-an. For a spot or stain to occur (on something), (for something) to be spotted or stained (by something else). Ayaw mu tupaki sin kakanaꞌ itum in pantalun putiꞌ yan bat diꞌ magtumpak. Don’t patch white pants with black cloth so that there won’t be a spot. Kiyatumpakan in pantalun niya sin taguk mampallam. His pants were spotted by the mango sap. OV SYN. tamak 1 tumpalak adj. Face to face (without equivocation or mental reservation). Subay kamu magbissara tumpalak bat kamu maghāti marayaw. You should speak face to face so that you will understand each other well.    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To speak face to face, confront, speak without equivocation (with someone). Bang kaw diꞌ magkahagad sin baytaꞌ ku pagtumpalak kamu. If you don’t believe what I say then speak face to face with each other. OV SYN. paluk, alup 1 tumpang1 v. ag mag-, -um-, mang-; ran -an. To go along with (someone), board transportation. Tumumpang na aku kanila bang sila pa Tiyanggi. I’ll go along with them when they go to the town. Piyatumpang ku na hi Utuꞌ ha bapaꞌ niya pa Siasi. I let Sonny go along with his uncle to Siasi. Tumpang na kaw ha sakayan nila bang tumulak muna. Go along with them on their vinta if it sails first. OV SYN. agad 1 tumpang2 n. An extension (of a house).    v. AR ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To extend (a house). Tumpangi in bāy ini pa subangan. Extend this house toward the east. Cf. sugpat tumpiꞌ v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To wrap (grated cassava in banana leaves). Siya in magtumpiꞌ sin panggiꞌ. She’ll wrap the grated cassava. tiyumpiꞌ (derv.) n. Grated cassava wrapped in banana leaves. tumpuk n. A group (of persons or things). Pila tumpuk sin bataꞌ iskul in piyarā pa Manilaꞌ? How many groups of students were sent to Manila? Cf. pungud

tumpul (var. dumpul) adj. Blunt, dull, not sharp. Tumpul in laring piyaghuyaꞌ niya sapiꞌ. The knife she used to slice the beef is dull.    vi. pat ma-. (For a blade or a pointed object) to become dull. Natumpul in laring kaagi niya. The knife became dull because of him. SYN. pundul; ANT. hayt tumpung n. A money bank (esp. made of bamboo). In tumpung niya hipuꞌ na sin pisita. His money bank is already full of coins.    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To save (money, esp. coins) in such a bank. Tumpungun ku in manga pisita ini. I’ll save this change in a money bank. Cf. alkansiya, baung-baung *tumtum 1 v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un; ka-…-an. To remember, recall, recollect, (with pa₂) remind. Tumtuma ba bang unu in baytaꞌ niya kaymu. Try to recall what he said to you. Diꞌ ku katumtuman in tagainup ku. I can’t remember my dream. Katumtuman mu in ngān niya? Do you remember her name? Patumtuman kaniya in janjiꞌ niya kākuꞌ. Remind him of his promise to me. n. panumtum Remembrance, recollection. In panumtum ku ikaw in nagkawaꞌ sin sīn. My recollection is it was you who took the money. n. panumtuman A remembrance, memorial, memento, souvenir. In pattaꞌ ini panumtuman ku dayn ha bagay ku. This picture is a remembrance from my friend. 2 n. A longing, yearning, pining (for something). Landuꞌ na in tumtum ku ha manga anak ku. My longing for my children is intense. v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To long, yearn, pine for (something); miss (someone). Magtumtum aku ha inaꞌ ku. I’m pining for my mother. Cf.: *ā. tumu n. Very small broken pieces (of stones, grains of rice, etc.).    adj. Broken into very small pieces. Ayaw kaw mamī sin bugas tumu. Don’t buy rice that is broken into very small pieces.    vt. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To break, crush, pound (something) into very small pieces. Laung nila tumuhun nila tuud in lagtang. According to them they will crush the poison into very small pieces. Natumu in manga bangbang. The cookies were crushed into very small pieces.    vi. pat magka-. (For something) to break, shatter, be broken into very small pieces. Nagkatumu-tumu in samin sin awtu. The windshield of the car shattered into very small pieces. OV SYN. bagbag 1,

lumbut, lupug *tūn 1 v. AQ ag/goal mag-, -um-; pat -un. To swallow (something). Tūna in ubat. Swallow the tablet. 2 v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To tolerate, bear humbly; refrain from expressing, hold (something) back; swallow (something, fig. sense). Diꞌ ku matūn in pamūngmūng niya kākuꞌ. I can’t swallow the insulting words she said to me. tunaꞌ v. ag -um-. To stay in one place, be still. Tunaꞌ kaw ha lingkuran mu. Be still on your seat. Tunaꞌ na kaw ha bāy. Stay in the house and don’t keep going out.    n. tunaan A stable place. *tunaꞌ v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To suspect (someone of something). Tiyunaꞌ niya aku nanakaw sin sīn niya. He suspected me of stealing his money. OV SYN. tukud tunaw adj. (Of ice or a tablet) dissolved, melted; (of food) digested. Kaymu na in ays tunaw ha basu. You can have the ice that’s dissolved in the glass.    vt. CH 1 ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To dissolve, melt (something); digest (something). Tunawun ku kaymu in ubat ini. I’ll dissolve the tablet for you. Hipatunaw ku in gallang ini ha magsasasal. I’ll have this bracelet melted by a goldsmith.    vi. ST pat -um-; pat ma-. To be or become dissolved, melted, digested. Mahunit matunaw in suwaꞌ gadja. Pomelo can’t easily be digested. Cf. hansul 1, *lanay, tinuꞌ tunay adj. Actual, real, true, correct. Amu ini in mussaꞌ tunay. This is the real pearl. Cf. bunnal, amu1 *tundaꞌ 1 v. ag mag-, -um-, mang-; pat -un. To tow a fishing line (with hooks), troll (on a moving boat); fish by this method. Magtundaꞌ kami istaꞌ ha lawd. We will troll for fish on the deep sea. 2 v. pat ma-. To be in line. Natundaꞌ in manga tarak. The trucks are in line. *tundan 1 v. ag mag-, -um-; goal -un. To pull by a rope or chain, pull or drag behind, tow (something).; To pull by a rope or chain, pull or drag behind, tow (something). Tiyundan sin jip in awtu nagkangiꞌ. The jeep towed the car that broke down. Subay tundanun in manga sapiꞌ yan pa kural. The cows should be dragged by ropes to the corral. Cf. guyud 1, *utung 2 v. ag mag-, -um-; goal -un. To follow closely behind (someone). Timutundan sadja in manga bataꞌ ini

ha inaꞌ nila. These children are always following closely behind their mother. SYN. *undan *tunduk v. CH 1 ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To peck (something with the beak). Īg kaw bat tundukun sin manuk in pāy. Move away so the chicken will peck the rice. Cf. *tinduk tunduk-tunduk adj. Dotted (usu. of cloth). Bī kaw kakanaꞌ tunduk-tunduk putiꞌ. Buy dotted white cloth. Cf. lintikan, buttikan tundun n. A cluster, bunch (of fruit that are gathered or growing together in a single stem, as lanzones, mangoes, or kalamansi). Pila tundun buwahan in bīhun mu? How many clusters of lanzones will you buy?    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To bundle (fruit) into clusters. Tundunun ta hangpuꞌ-hangpuꞌ in manga mampallam ini. We’ll put these small mangoes in clusters of ten to a bundle. Cf. pungud tunis n. A musical piece, melody of a song. Siya in naghinang sin tunis yan. He composed that musical piece. Cf. makalang kalang1    v. ag mag-, -um-. To sing a tune, make a tune. Aku na in magtunis sin kalangan natuꞌ. I’ll make the tune for what we’ll sing. Cf. kalang2 , taddaꞌ tuntubig n. Pyodermatitis (characterized by itchy watery granules on the skin). Mataud tuntubig ha ūt sin gulamay lima niya. He has many small itchy pimples between his fingers. (See Appendix 8: Diseases)    v. pat -un. To be infected by this disease. Tuntubigun in gulamay lima mu bang nababasaꞌ sadja. Your fingers will be infected by pyodermatitis if they’re always wet. tuntun n. A hanging. Mataud tuntun ha tandawan nila. There are many hangings on their windows.    adj. Flabby. Tuntun na in baran niya. His body is flabby.    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat hi-; ran -an. To lower (something) with a rope. Magtuntun kami sin bahudjiꞌ pa dagat. We will lower the anchor to the sea. Tiyuntun niya in duyan dayn ha taas bat diꞌ mukaꞌ. He lowered the durian with a rope so that it would not open. Subay tuntunan lubid in manga tau ha supaya makasakat. We have to lower the rope for the people so that they can climb. tūntūnan (from tūn) n. The esophagus (below the gūnggūngan). In tūntūnan amu na in paglalabayan sin kakaun. The esophagus is where the food passes. In tūntūnan hayup malagguꞌ dayn sin tūntūnan tau.

The esophagus of animals is bigger than that of people. tuntut n. A lawsuit. Pasal unu in tuntut kaniya? What was the cause of the lawsuit against him?    v. ag mag-, -um-, mang-; goal -an. To file a lawsuit (against someone). Diꞌ magtuntut in lahasiyaꞌ sin miyatay. The relatives of the murdered man will not file a lawsuit. tunub n. A thick sweet syrup that bees make as food from the nectar of flowers and store in honeycombs, honey. Kiyawaꞌ niya in tunub dayn ha pugaran sin pussukan. He got the honey from the bees’ nest. Cf. gulaꞌ tunug (gimb. tuꞌnug) n. The emanation of a smell, diffusion of an odor. Dayn hain in tunug sin sumping mahamut yan? From where is the emanation of the smell of those fragrant flowers?    v. act mag-, -um-; ran ka-…-an. (For an odor) to emanate from a source, spread out, diffuse. Magtunug mari in bahuꞌ sin basura. The odor of the garbage will spread to here. Cf. hamut, bahuꞌ1 1 tunuk n. Thorn, spine (of plants and fish). Hangkan da nagtangis in bataꞌ bat awn tunuk ha siki niya. That’s why the child was crying because he had a thorn in his foot.    v. exp ka-…-an. To be pricked with or as with a thorn. Kamayaꞌ kaw. Katunukan kaw sin istaꞌ. Be careful. You might get pricked by (the spine of) the fish.    adj. matunuk/tunukan Full of thorns or spines. Matunuk in sanga sin sumping yan. The stem of that flower is full of thorns. tunung v. ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To stop (doing something, often of a child, to stop crying), cease (trying to get something). Diꞌ ku siya tunungan sampay ku maasawa. I won’t stop (courting) her until I can marry her. Diꞌ aku tumunung maglunsul sakainu ku diꞌ pa makabāk bagay marayaw. I won’t stop roaming until I have found a good friend. Patununga in bataꞌ-bataꞌ magtangis. Soothe the baby so it will stop crying. OV SYN. hundung tūng 1 n. Sediment, dregs, lees. Īgan in tūng kahawa ha lawm sin basu. Get rid of the sediment of coffee from the glass. v. act mag-, -um-. (For sediment, dregs, etc.) to settle to the bottom (of a liquid). Patūngun ta naa in kahawa. We’ll wait for the sediment of the coffee to settle. 2 v. exp ka-…-an. To receive the blame (for someone else’s wrongdoing). Ayaw kaw maglamud sin kālu

nila. Gana-gana katūngan kaw sin ngiꞌ. Don’t get involved in their quarrel, for you might get the blame. Cf. bintung 2, luddang 2 *tūng-tūng v. exp ka-…-an. To daydream, be in a reverie; (be so amazed that one) can’t move or speak (for a time). Diꞌ sa yan makahinang bang kiyatūng-tūngan. She can’t work if she’s in a reverie. Kiyatūng-tūngan siya pagkitaꞌ niya sin pilak. He was not able to move or speak when he saw the money. tunga 1 v. ag mag-, -um-. To emerge, rise, come out to the surface (of water after diving). Malugay siya nakatunga dayn ha dagat. It took him a long time to emerge out of the sea water. n. tiyungahan The place where (someone) emerged. 2 v. ag mag-, -um-. To appear at a place, show up. Malugay isab ampa kaw nakatunga mari kāmuꞌ. It’s a long time since you showed up here at our place. tungaꞌ n. Half. Dīhil ku kaniya in tungaꞌ sin gadji ku. I gave him half of my salary.    v. CH 1 ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To divide (something) in half. Tungaun ku in tinapay ini. I’ll divide this bread in half.    n. tungaan Middle. Ha tungaan sin dān himundung in jīp. The jeep stopped in the middle of the road. Cf. giꞌtung tungaꞌ dāg asibiꞌ Any time from dusk to about 8:00 PM. Subay na tungaꞌ dāg asibiꞌ ampa ta kaw sublihan magjaga. When it’s about 8:00 PM, I’ll take your place guarding. tungaꞌ dāg dakulaꞌ Any time from about 9:00 PM to about 10:00 PM. Waktu pagtutūg na sin manga bataꞌ sabab tungaꞌ dāg dakulaꞌ na. It’s time for the children to sleep now because it’s 9:00 PM already. tungaw n. A small red tick. Mataud tungaw ha kahuy haluꞌ. There are many small red ticks living in rotten wood. tungbas n. Reward (in return for good or evil done or for a service done); recompense, retribution. In hinang marayaw in tungbas niya marayaw, in hinang mangiꞌ in tungbas niya mangiꞌ da isab. If we do something good the reward is good; but if we do something bad the reward is also bad.    v. ag mag-, -um-; goal -an. To reward (someone), return a favor (to someone), repay a debt of

gratitude (see buddi). Tungbasan sin Tuhan in katān hinang ta mangiꞌ marayaw. God will reward everything we do, good or evil. OV SYN. tungud2 ; Cf. ayn tungbuꞌ n. The growth (of plants). Marayaw isab in tungbuꞌ sin gandum yan. The growth of that corn is good (i.e., it’s growing well).    v. act mag-, -um-. To sprout, grow. Timungbuꞌ na in manga kasumping-sumpingan. The flowers have already grown. Makapatungbuꞌ ha sumping in ulan iban suga. The rain and sunshine cause flowers to grow. OV SYN. tubuꞌ 1 *tungbuy v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To remind (someone) in an insulting manner of previous favors given. Tungbuyun sa kaw yan bang kaw diꞌ magad sin kabayaan niya. She’ll insult you regarding some of the favors she has given you if you don’t follow what she wants. tungga-kali adj. Uneven, unequal, not the same. Tungga-kali in lasa hi Hasan ha manga anak niya. Hasan’s love for his children is not the same.    v. act mag-, -um-. To be unequal, uneven, not the same. Bang magtungga-kali in halgaꞌ sin dagangan mu tantu na kaw malugiꞌ. If the selling price of your goods is not the same you will surely lose money. tunggaꞌ n. A promise. Sukuta siya sin tunggaꞌ niya kaymu. You remind him of his promise to you. Kuꞌnuꞌ in tunggaꞌ niya magbayad? When is his promise of paying?    v. ag mag-, -um-; goal/ben ka-…-an. To promise (to do something). Ayaw kaw magtunggaꞌ pa tampat bang mu diꞌ maagad. Don’t promise at the shrine if you can’t do what you said. Kiyatunggaan ku siya bihaun badjuꞌ. I promised him a shirt this time. OV SYN. janjiꞌ tunggal adj. Only, solely. Tunggal siya anak ku. She is my only child. Tunggal kaw kakasihan ku. You’re the only one I love.    vt. ag/aux mag-; pat/aux -un. (To do something) alone; (of a group, for each person) to eat, carry, (etc.) one (object) or fight one (person). (Another verb always present or implied). Nagtunggal siya nangatu ha kuntara. He fought his enemy alone.    vi. pat ma-; ran ka-…-an. To be left alone (to do something). Natunggal siya nangatu ha kuntara. He was left alone to fight his enemy. Cf. hambuuk 1 tunggang adj. Tipping over on one side, tilting, slanting, tippy, saggy (as of an old house). Tunggang in

lamisahan ini. This table is tippy.    v. CH 1 ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To tilt, slant, overturn, upset (something). Ayaw tungganga in bangkuꞌ. Mahulug aku. Don’t tilt the bench. I’ll fall. tunggaraꞌ n. The name of a wind that blows from the southeast. (See hangin for table.) tungging 1 v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un, hi-. To imagine (something), describe (something). Diꞌ na hikatungging in parasahan namuꞌ ha lawd pasal sin pasuꞌ sin suga. I can’t describe how we felt on the ocean because of the heat of the sun. Matungging mu ka bang siya na in mayul? Can you imagine him being the mayor? Mahunit tunggingun bang biyaꞌ sin parasahan ku ha uspital. It’s hard to describe what my feeling was like (i.e., how I felt) in the hospital. v. goal panungginganan To be used as an example. Ayaw kamu maghibuk panungginganan na kamu sin pangdaig bāy. Don’t be noisy, you’ll be used as a (bad) example by the neighbors. n. kapanungginganan Likeness, comparison. Way na kapanungginganan sin kaagi ku magbana kaniya. There is no likeness (i.e., nothing can compare) to the way I care for my husband. 2 v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un, hika-; goal pang-…-anan. To blame (something on someone), accuse (someone of something). Nagtungging sila sin hinang nila kangian pa hambuuk bagay nila. They blamed their wrongdoing on one of their friends. Diꞌ na hikatungging in palangay niya. No one could be blamed for his behavior. Piyanungginganan na kaw sin tau katān mangiꞌ kunuꞌ in palangay mu. Everyone is blaming you because they believe your character is bad. tungguꞌ n. One who stays in a place (to tend it and watch it) or with a person (to attend to him); a spirit which resides in a tree, rock, or house. Mabungis in tungguꞌ tinda yan hangkan sa kulang in magpamī kaniya. That storekeeper is harsh, that’s why few people buy from him. In hinang sin tungguꞌ sini, maggisiꞌ sadja sin manga tikit. The work of the watcher of (the door of) the theater (i.e., the ticket collector) is just to tear the tickets. Siya in tungguꞌ sin nasasakit. She’s the one who stays and takes care of the patient. Kiyaabatan siya sin tungguꞌ ha nunuk. He was made sick by the balete tree spirit.    v. AR ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To guard, watch (something). Tunggui in manga pagkaun ha lamisahan. Watch the food on the table. Hisiyu in magtungguꞌ ha manga bataꞌ? Who’ll watch over the kids? Cf. jaga tunggul n. A stump of a tree. Ha tunggul yaun in daplinan sin lupaꞌ namuꞌ. The boundary of our land is

that stump. Cf. usuk *tunghab v. CH 1 pat -un. To swallow or drink (something in large amounts at a time), gulp (something). Tiyunghab niya sadja in hangka-sawan kahawa. He just gulped a cup of coffee. Cf. inum 1 tunghag n. A cavity (in one’s tooth). Dakulaꞌ in tunghag sin ipun niya ha taas. The cavity in the upper set of his teeth is big.    vi. ST pat ma-. (For a tooth) to develop a cavity. Panggisgis kaw bat diꞌ matunghag in manga ipun mu. Brush your teeth so they won’t develop cavities.    vt. ran -an. To make a hole in (someone’s) tooth. Subay tunghagan in ipun niya supaya kalanuan marayaw, ampa lapatun sin simintu. (The dentist) should make a hole in her tooth so it can be cleaned well, then fill it with porcelain. tungkaꞌ adj. Having a defective foot or leg (so as to walk with difficulty). Bang in tau tungkaꞌ malallay siya manaw. If a person has a defective foot, he is slow in walking.    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat hipag-. To have difficulty walking, walk like someone lame. In bataꞌ yaun magtungkaꞌ. That child has difficulty walking. Hipagtungkaꞌ niya in siki niya dapit pa lawa sabab awn paliꞌ ha tikud-tikud niya. He is walking like his left leg is lame because he has a cut on his ankle. OV SYN. pingkaꞌ *tungkad v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To measure the depth (of the sea) whether it reaches (one’s) head or not. Tungkarun ku in lawm sin dagat. I will measure the depth of the sea (i.e., see if my feet touch the bottom when I stand). tungkang n. A large cooking pot (made of heavy aluminum with a bail and lid). Tugnaa in sapiꞌ ha tungkang. Cook the beef in the large cooking pot. Cf. anglit tungkil n. The name of an indigenous melody. Tungkil in kabayaan niya dungugun. It’s the indigenous melody that he likes to hear. Makahansul atay dungugun in tungkil. An indigenous melody makes the heart cry. tungkuꞌ n. A (circular) three-legged (iron) stand (used as a stove). Duun na kaw pagtugnaꞌ ha tungkuꞌ. You cook there on the three-legged stand over the fire. Cf. dapulan, sukul1

tungkud n. A cane, walking stick, crutch (to support one’s weight).    v. TV ag mag-, -um-; goal -un. To use or walk with such a support. In tau malaas na, subay na sila magtungkud sabab malunuk na in tuhud nila. Old people should use a cane because their knees are already weak. tungud1 n. A place where something is or is to be, location. Hain in tungud sin piyagtapukan nila? Where’s the location of their hiding place?    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat hi-. To put (something) in a certain place or position. Tunguran in baldi ha pagguguwaan sin tubig. Put the pail right where the water comes out.    v. TV goal -un. To go and find out exactly where (someone) is (and then do something to him). Tungurun natuꞌ dūm ini in banta natuꞌ. We will find out where our enemy is tonight (and kill him). Cf. lugal 1 tungud2 n. That which is paid off, return, recompense, repayment, requital, reward. Subay awn tungud sin sangsaꞌ sin tau naghinang kaymu. There should be a return (i.e., you should give something in return) for the service a person has rendered you.    v. ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To be commensurate; reward, requite, make commensurate repayment. Subay magtungud in gadji iban hinang sin tau. A person’s wage should be commensurate to his work. Papagtungurun sin Tuhan in tungbas sin ngiꞌ dayaw sin mānusiyaꞌ. God makes his reward commensurate with man’s evil or good (deeds). Tunguran ku kaymu pila-pila na in kiyabī mu sin badjuꞌ ini. I’ll make commensurate repayment for whatever you’ve paid for this dress. OV SYN. tungbas; Cf. bayad *tungup v. ag mang-, -um-; goal -un. To spy, eavesdrop, watch (someone) surreptitiously. Tungupun ta sila dayn ha hansipak bilik. Let’s eavesdrop on them from the other room. OV SYN. taynghug tunyuk n. A slender stick used to point out the words (in reading the Holy Koran), pointer. Lituk sasapu in tunyuk niya ha pagpangadjiꞌ. A sliver from a stick broom was his pointer for teaching the Koran. tūp adj. Appropriate, suitable, fit, proper. Tūp ha mahaggut in badjuꞌ ini. This dress is suitable for cold country. Matūp magsundalu in tau maisug. One who is brave is fit to become a soldier.    v. act mag-, -um-; pat -un. To be suited, fitted, appropriate, proper. Tūpun kaw tuud ha badjuꞌ yan.

You are really suited for that dress. Walaꞌ siya tiyūp sin kalagguan dīhil kaniya. He wasn’t fit for the honor given him. tupad adj. Level, even, having no part higher or longer than the other, the same (length or height) (also matupad). Tupad in habaꞌ sin manga hāg ini. The length of these posts is the same.    v. pat -um-. To become level or even (with something). Timupad pa bāy in taas sin kapaya. The height of the papaya tree became level with (the height of) the house. Patupara niyu in paghinang sin lantay ha kusina iban sin ha pantan. Level the floor of the kitchen and porch when you make it. OV SYN. sibuꞌ; Cf. patag, datag tupak n. A patch (added over a hole or tear in cloth, canvas, wood, cement, etc.). Awn tupak sin pantalun niya. His pants have a patch.    v. AR ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To patch (something). Tupaki in gisiꞌ sin badjuꞌ mu. Patch the tear in your dress. Hipanupak ku in pīs-pīs ini. I’ll use this slip of cloth to patch with. tupāra (var. kipada; tipāra) n. Goggles for diving (usu. with hand carved wooden rims with individual eye pieces). Mapudlun aku lumurup bang awn tupāra ku. I can dive deeply when I have goggles.    v. ag mag-, -um-. To wear such goggles. Magtupāra in manga magsasāp tipay. Pearl divers wear goggles.    v. pat -un. To see (something under water) using diving goggles. Tiyupāra nila in tungud sin kiyalunuran sin kappal. They saw the place where the ship sank with diving goggles. tupas n. Any solid food eaten with (the drink during merienda). Wadjit in tupas sin kahawa bihaun. The solid food eaten with coffee now is sticky rice cooked with coconut milk and sugar. Apam in tupas sin kuks namuꞌ kaina. The solid food we ate with coke a while ago was hotcakes.    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To eat (something) with (something one drinks). Bang aku magꞌinum kahawa mahinaat, magtupas sadja aku kaunun giyuling. When I drink coffee in the morning, I just eat fried rice with it. *tuppak v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un; goal/ben -an. To clap the hands, strike (something) with open hands. Tiyuppak niya in babaw lamisahan. He struck the tabletop with his open hands. Tuppaki niyu pagꞌubus niya magkalang. When he finishes singing clap your hands for him. Cf. sampak, baga2 ,

dapuꞌ tuptup n. A kind of small earthen jar. Liyalatik-latik in tubig ha tuptup. The water in the earthen jar has mosquito wigglers. Cf. puga, kibut, bingkiꞌ *tuptup v. AR ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To cut or trim (the nails). Tuptupan ku in kuku ku. I will cut my nails. Mangiꞌ magtuptup kuku bang dūm bang ha agi sin maas. It’s not good to trim one’s nails at night according to the old people. (See utud for table.)    n. tutuptup A nail cutter. Piyalian niya in kingking niya sin tutuptup. She cut her little finger with the nail cutter. tupud adj. Having an equal amount or number (of something) as each other member of a group. Tupud sinapang in tindug niya. His followers have rifles equally (i.e., each has a rifle).    v. ag mag-; goal -an, -un. [No difference in meaning between -an and -un.] To give or dole out something in equal amounts, numbers or proportion. Tupuri duwa-ruwa pilak in kabataan. Give two pesos to each of the children. *tupuk vt. CH 1 ag mag-; pat -un. To break (something hard, brittle, or crispy) into very small pieces, crumble (something such). Hisiyu in nagtupuk sin kassaꞌ ini? Who broke this glass into very small pieces?    vi. ST pat ma-. (For something hard, brittle, or crispy) to crumble. Maytaꞌ natupuk in manga bangbang yan? Why did those biscuits crumble? OV SYN. tumu, lupug tupung v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To measure (a volume, as of grain, cooking oil, or kerosene). Tupung kaw hangka-gantang bugas. Measure a ganta of rice.    n. tupungan A container used to measure (volume). Bang wayruun gantang minsan mital-mital manjari hinangun tupungan. If you don’t have a ganta measure even a tin can can be used as a measuring container. SPEC. butul, galun 2, gantang, lagaꞌ1, mital, pansing 1, sūpa; Cf. bugsuk, *sukud *tupus v. AR ag mag-, -um-, mang-; ran -an. To wipe (something) away, wipe (a place) lightly. Tupusi sin panyuꞌ in mata mu bat diꞌ kalummian. Wipe your eye lightly with a handkerchief so that it will not get dirty. Nagtupus siya sin tubig ha bayhuꞌ niya iban panyuꞌ. She wiped the water on her face lightly with

a handkerchief. Tiyupusan niya in luhaꞌ ha mata niya. He wiped the tears in his eyes lightly. Cf. *pahid tuput adj. Enough, just right. Tuput sadja hipagsukay jīp in sīn narā ku. The money that I brought is just enough to pay the jeep.    v. act mag-, -um-; ran -an. To fit, be just right, enough. Tumuput kaniya in kapatus ku. My shoes just fit him. Diꞌ magtuput ha malita in manga badjuꞌ ku. My clothes don’t fit in the suitcase.    n. katuputan Room, space available. Wayruun na katuputan mu dī ha lawm bilik. There is not enough room for you in the room. OV SYN. sarang *turik v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un, -an. [No difference in meaning betweeen -un and -an.] To gouge, (reach in and) extract (something with a twisting motion). Nagturik aku sin atil ha taynga hi Indaꞌ. I extracted the earwax from the ear of Indaꞌ. Turikun ku in tunuk hi Totoꞌ. I will gouge out the thorn from Totoꞌ. turilan adj. (Of girls) lustful, flirtatious. Ayaw kaw magꞌagad ha manga babai turilan. Don’t go with flirtatious girls. OV SYN. bigaan/mabigaꞌ bigaꞌ, mabais/baisan bais; Cf. giluk *turul v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To follow an order (i.e., a sequence), follow (someone). Nagturul tuud in manga bataꞌ iskul sin pagparid nila. The students followed the order of their parade very well. Piyaturul niya marayaw in pagsambahayang. He followed the order of prayer very well.    adj. maturul In order, orderly. Maturul pakarayaw in pagsambahayang niya. His prayer was done in a most orderly way. OV SYN. urul *turul-taymaꞌ n. pagturul-taymaꞌ A formal occasion when the prospective man and his parents formally propose to a girl’s family and the amount of the marriage payment and the date of the wedding are set; the proposal itself. Kunsūm in pagturul-taymaꞌ kaniya. Tomrrrow will be the formal marriage proposal for her.    v. ag mag-. To hold such an occasion. Kunsūm magturul-taymaꞌ in bagay ku. My friend will formally propose to the bride’s parents tomorrow. Cf. tapil dilaꞌ turung n. A piece of cloth used as a head covering, turban.{Used by women who are hadjis or by teachers and students in an Islamic school. It is arranged about the head and neck leaving only the face

exposed.} Manipis in turung sin hadjiꞌ yaun. The turban of that hadji is thin.    v. AR ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To cover (one’s head or hair), wrap (one’s head) in a turban. Turungi in buhuk mu. Cover your hair. Cf. tirung tutuban n. Amnion, the sac in which a baby lies during pregnancy, bag of waters. In tutuban mustak muna ampa in bataꞌ gumuwaꞌ. The amnion ruptures first then the child comes out. tutug adj. Permanent, stable, persistent, immutable. Tutug in hinang niya. His job is stable.    v. ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To remain (in a place), remain with (someone in one place) permanently. Tutug kaw ha lingkuran mu. Remain in your seat. Tumutug ka kaw ha hulaꞌ ini? Will you remain permanently in this place? Tutugi ha hulaꞌ in manga anak asawa mu. Remain with your wife and children permanently in this place. tutung adj. (Of food) burned, scorched. Diꞌ siya magkaun tinapay tutung. She doesn’t eat burned bread.    v. ST pat -um-, ma-. (For something) to burn. Ayaw palugaya in batung ha kāyu bat diꞌ matutung. Don’t leave the peanuts long on the fire or they’ll burn. Subay patutungun mu in pagsanglag sin kahawa. You should make your roasting of the coffee burned (i.e., roast it so that it turns black). OV SYN. sunug tutup 1 n. A food cover (traditionally made of nipa leaves and colorfully decorated). Butangi tutup in pagkaun bat diꞌ pikutun. Place a food cover over the food so flies won’t light on it. v. ran -an. To cover (something, esp. food) with such a cover. Subay tutupan in kakaun. The food should be covered with a food cover. 2 n. Closing (of school). Bang tutup iskul subay in manga bataꞌ tumabang ha maas nila maghinang. At the closing of school children should help their parents with their work. v. pat -un. (For school) to close. Bang tutupun in iskul magad isab in lawm daira lumamma. When school closes the city also becomes lonely. tutus1 adj. Prepared (for whatever action). In manga sundalu subay tutus in baran bang sila manaw na pa pagbunuan. The soldiers should be prepared when they go to war.    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To prepare (oneself or someone) for any eventuality. Subay mu tutusun in baran mu bang kaw pa gimba. You should prepare yourself for any eventuality if you go to the interior.

tutus2 v. ag mag-; ran -an. To seek the truth from (someone), convince (someone to tell the truth). Nagtutus in magtiyaun sin paglawaꞌ sin sīn nila. The couple sought for the truth about the loss of their money. Tutusan ku tuud hi Utuꞌ bang siya piyakain. I’ll really seek the truth from Sonny about where he went. Tiyutusan niya in apuꞌ niya babai bang hisiyu in usug mabayaꞌ kaniya. He sought the truth from his granddaughter concerning the man who loves her. Tutusi siya pabaytaa sin kasabunnalan. You convince him to tell the truth. OV SYN. pipit tutuy n. Clitoris, the female organ homologous to the male penis. tuu n. Right hand, right side. Subay tuu mu in hipagkaun. You must eat with your right hand. Mīkluꞌ siya harap pa tuu. He turned to the right side. ANT. lawa tuud adv. Really, truly, honestly (an intensifier). Bunnal tuud in baytaꞌ mu? Are you really telling the truth? Walaꞌ tuud aku nakakawaꞌ sin sīn mu. Honestly, I didn’t take your money.    v. pat/aux -un. To do (something) intentionally, deliberately or earnestly. Tiyuud ku walaꞌ miyagad kanila. I deliberately (decided) not to go along with them. Ayaw kaw magꞌamā walaꞌ ku tiyuud. Don’t be angry, I didn’t do it intentionally. Bang ku tuurun mamī pamulawan makabī sadja aku. If I really intend to buy gold jewelry, I can afford to buy it.    adj. matuud/matutuud Real, honest, true, genuine, sincere (in one’s desire or aim). Bukun matutuud in bayaꞌ niya kaymu. Her interest in you is not genuine. tuung n. A case, crate or box (of either slats or solid materials for packing things to be shipped or stored). Butangan in manga kassaꞌ yan ha lawm tuung. Put those jars in the crate. tuwaꞌ n. Scraps (of discarded food). Dihilan in tuwaꞌ pa iruꞌ. Give the scraps to the dog. Cf. kapin, uhaꞌ tuwad v. ag mag-, -um-. To bend over with the buttocks raised. Tuwad kaw bat ku kahugasan in buliꞌ mu. Bend over so I can wash your bottom. tuwal n. The base of the spine. In tuwal duhul sin tangkal. The base of the spine is the end of the spinal cord. In tuwal amuna in tubuan ikug. The base of the spine is where the tail is about to grow. Asal in sakit bang tumubuꞌ ha tuwal malugay yan kaulian. It’s always like that, if you hurt the base of your spine it takes a long time to heal. Cf. ikug 1.1, tumbung

Tuwan n. Sir, Ma’am mister, lady (a title of respect for a religious person or member of the royalty). Tuwan in pagtawag namuꞌ sin guru namuꞌ ha madrasa. We called our teacher of Islamic studies Tuwan. tuwang v. CV 1 ag mag-, -um-; pat hi-. To pour (a liquid from one container to another). Tuwangi aku hangka-basu kahawa. Pour me a glass of coffee. Hituwang ku in tubig pa basu. I’ll pour the water into a glass. Tuwang na kaw tī. Pour yourself (a cup) of tea. OV SYN. *asag 1, busug 1 tuwiꞌ intj. I forgot (indicates that the speaker had forgotten to say something and has just remembered to say it), I mean (indicates that what the speaker said previously was incorrect). A huun nākari tuwiꞌ hi Galad. Oh I forgot, Galad came by. Ay huun tuwiꞌ, awn piyarihil kaymu sin bagay mu hambuuk labban. Oh yes, I just remembered, your friend asked me to give you one box. Hangpuꞌ tagduwa in halgaꞌ. Hangpuꞌ tagtū tuwiꞌ. The price is twelve (pesos). Thirteen, I mean. tūy1 n. The (fleshy) tail (of a chicken). Diꞌ aku magkaun sin tūy sin manuk. I don’t eat chicken tails. OV SYN. igut 1 tūy2 adj. Direct. Tūy na in panaw niya, diꞌ na siya humapit pa bāy. His going will be direct (i.e., he’ll go directly), he won’t stop at the house.    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat hi-, -un; ran -an. To go (somewhere) directly, make (one’s journey) direct, proceed (with something). Walaꞌ siya himapit dayn dī, timūy siya minuwiꞌ. He didn’t stop by here, he went home directly. Tūyan na in panaw mu ayaw na kaw maglingiꞌ. Proceed with your journey; don’t turn your head. Tūyun niya in pagꞌiskul niya. He will proceed with his studies.    n. tūyan A place to which (one) will go directly. Bāy sin mastal ku in tūyan ta ha lawm daira. My teacher’s house is where we’ll go directly in town. tuyuꞌ n. Zeal, earnestness.    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un; ran -an. [No difference in meaning between -un and -an.] To be earnest, zealous in doing something; strive hard (for something). Tuyuꞌ kaw magꞌiskul bat tumaas in pangadjiꞌ mu. Be earnest in your studies so that you’ll obtain a higher education. Bang mu pagtuyuan tuud makawaꞌ in kabayaan mu makawaꞌ mu sadja. If you strive hard to get what you want you’ll get it.    adj. matuyuꞌ Seriously interested and enthusiastic (in doing something so as to obtain something

desired), earnest, zealous. In tau matuyuꞌ ha hinang niya marayaw in sūngun niya. A man who is serious and enthusiastic about his work has a good prospect. Bang kaw matuyuꞌ mamayaꞌ-mayaꞌ kaniya maasawa mu siya. If you’re earnest in courting her, you’ll eventually marry her. OV SYN. tugul

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Tausug-English Dictionary: Kabtangan Iban Maana

Tausug - English a

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u ū 1 n. Head. Dakulaꞌ in ū sin bataꞌ-bata dayn ha kapagꞌanak kaniya. The child’s head has been big from its birth. (See Appendix 6: The Parts of the Body) ūan (derv.) n. A pillow. 2 n. The leader (of a group). Hi Abdul in ngān sin ū sin manga tau mangiꞌ ha gimba. Abdul is the name of the leader of the bandits in the interior. ūhan (derv.) n. The position associated with the human head, the chief, leader (of a group). ū balaꞌ adj. (Of a person) quarrelsome, given to troublemaking. Ayaw kaw magsuuk ha tau yan sabab siya yan ū balaꞌ. Don’t go near that man because he is quarrelsome. Diꞌ aku mabayaꞌ dīhan sin tau ū balaꞌ.

I don’t want a troublemaker to stay here with me. ū istaꞌ n. The favorite (in a family, as the child loved most by a parent or the family member loved most by all the others). Pasal sin lasa niya ha manga kamaasan niya, siya na bihaun in ū istaꞌ kanila. Because of his love for his elders, he is now their favorite. ū-atay 1 n. The hollow part of the stomach just below the breastbone, pit of the stomach, solar plexus. Masakit in ū-atay niya. The pit of his stomach hurts. 2 v. ST pat -un. To be or feel angry, exasperated. Ū-atayun aku sin karupangan sin bataꞌ ini. The foolishness of this child exasperates me. Makaū-atay in pagpamuting mu ini. Your lying is exasperating. ūan (from ū + -an₁) n. A pillow. Diꞌ aku makatūg marayaw bang way ūan. I can’t sleep well if there’s no pillow.    v. ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To use a pillow, use (something) as a pillow. Makajari ūanan ku in bāg mu? May I use your bag as a pillow? uban n. Gray hair (on an older person). Malaas na kaw saꞌ way pa uban mu. You’re already old, but you don’t have gray hair yet.    adj. ubanan Having an abundance of gray hair.    v. ST pat -un. To become gray-haired. Ubanun kaw bang kaw maas na. Your hair will become gray when you are old. Cf. lastung ubat n. Medicine, drug or other medicinal substance, cure, remedy. Subay awn ubat sin sakit atay ku. There must be a remedy for my heartache. Ubat langgang uhaw in tubig mahagpay. Cold water is the remedy for extreme thirstiness.    v. AR ag mag-, -um-; goal -an. To treat (someone) medically, cure (someone), remedy (something). Mahunit ubatan sin duktul in sakit mu. Your sickness is hard for a doctor to cure.    n. mangungubat A medicine man, curer. *ubay v. ag mag-, -um-; goal -un; ran -an. To lie side by side, lie beside (someone). Nagꞌubay da sila iban anak namuꞌ pagsūd ku. She was lying side by side with our child when I entered. Bang kaw magpatūg ha anak mu subay mu siya ubayun. When you put your child to sleep you have to lie down

beside him. Iyuubayan ku in asawa ku magtūg. I always lie side by side with my wife when sleeping. ubu n. Cough. Inum kaw ubat bat kaulian in ubu mu. Take medicine so your cough will get better.    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To cough. Malugay na nagꞌubu in bataꞌ yan. That child has been coughing for quite a long time. ubud n. The leaf bud or heart (of palm trees, used as a vegetable). Dihili aku ubud bang kamu magpilaꞌ niyug. Give me the leaf bud when you cut down a coconut tree. Cf. dabung ubug v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To walk through, wade, ford (high grass, water, mud, or sand). Ayaw kaw magꞌubug pa pisak. Don’t wade into the mud. Ubugun niya in pisak. He will walk through the mud. OV SYN. panaw 1 ubul-ubul1 n. A big umbrella with tassels (used for a bride and bridegroom or for the corpse of a sultan or an affluent person). Ubul-ubul in hipagpayung ha manga pangantin. The bride and groom will have a big umbrella with tassels. Cf. payung ubul-ubul2 n. A hole in the bottom of a boat (through which water can escape when the boat is brought up on land). ubung n. Ridgepole. Ha unu in ubung sin bāy ini? Where is the ridgepole of this house? ubus adj./adv. Finished, completed, done. Ubus na in pagtayp ku. My typing is finished. Ubus na siya kimaun. She has finished eating.    vt. CH 1 ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To finish, complete (something); exhaust or deplete (something). Subay ubusun mu in hinang mu ampa kaw makauwiꞌ. You should finish your work first and then you can go home.    vi. ST pat ma-; exp ka-…-an. To be or become finished, completed, exhausted, depleted; run out of (something). Naubus na in sīn. His money is exhausted. Laung nila ha lawm lima tahun kaubusan kitaniyu lana. They say that in five years we’ll run out of oil. OV SYN. talus2, tangbus ūd n. Worm, grub, maggot. Awn ūd sin wanni ini. These mangoes have worms.    v. ST pat -un. To be infested with worms or maggots. Ūrun sa yan in sapiꞌ yan bang tapuan pikut. That cow will get maggots if flies land on him. Iyuūd na in patay iruꞌ. That dead dog is infested with

worms. Cf. kalug, sassing *udjiꞌ v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To verbally remind (someone about something), mention or bring up (something from the past). Ayaw naman kamu magꞌudjiꞌ sin manga bissara bakas limabay, bat kamu diꞌ makapagkālu. Don’t mention any more what was said in the past so that you will not quarrel. Subay na diꞌ udjiun in pagkālu natuꞌ tagnaꞌ. We should no longer bring up our former quarrel. Cf. sabbut, *bangkil udjuꞌ n. Mockery, sarcasm. Pasal udjuꞌ in kiyapagkāluhan nila. Their quarrel sprang from the use of mockery.    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To mock (something). Ayaw udjua in pangdaig bāy mu miskin. Don’t mock your poor neighbor.    n. mangungudjuꞌ A mocker. Ayaw kaw mamagay ha mangungudjuꞌ yan. Don’t befriend that mocker.    adj. pangungudjuꞌ Prone to mock (something). Pangungudjuꞌ in babai yan. That woman is prone to mock people. udjul (var. ujul) n. Misfortune, great sorrow (esp. caused by a death). Bang awn udjul niyu ayaw kamu maluman mangayuꞌ sin tabang ku. If you have a great sorrow don’t be embarrassed to ask for my help.    v. exp ka-…-an. To meet a misfortune or sorrow, be bereaved. Subay tumabang in manga pangdaig bāy bang awn kaudjulan. If people are bereaved, the neighbors should help. OV SYN. susa udjut baran 1 n. The complete skin, the outer covering of the body. Mataud tuud lahud ha udjut baran niya kaagi sin inaꞌ niya naglubak. There are so many marks on the skin of his body caused by his mother’s whipping. Cf. ginhawa baran 2 adj. Alone. Udjut baran ku ra in naghuhulaꞌ ha bāy ini. I’m alone living in this house. *ūg v. ag mag-, -um-; ran ka-…-an. To value (something), love (someone), be reluctant to give (something that one values). Umūg na kaw dumihil sīn kāmuꞌ bang kaw dayahan na. You will be reluctant to give us money if you become rich. Kaūgan ku in singsing piyusakaꞌ kākuꞌ sin inaꞌ ku. I value the ring that mother gave me as an inheritance.    adj. maūg Reluctant (to give or loan something), selfish. Maūg aku magpabūs sin manga pamulawan

ku. I am reluctant to loan out my gold jewelry. ugab (var. hugab) n. The hard inner shell of a coconut. Hipagdungul namuꞌ kāyu in ugab. We use coconut shells for fuel for the fire. (See niyug for table.) ugam n. Simple stomatitis (characterized by formation of tiny ulcers on the mucosa of the mouth). Diꞌ makakaun in bataꞌ marayaw sabab awn ugam niya. The child can’t eat well because he has stomatitis. (See Appendix 8: Diseases)    v. ST pat -un. To be or become afflicted with stomatitis. Magtangis sadja in bataꞌ iyuugam. The child who has stomatitis just keeps crying. ugam pasuꞌ (comp.) v. Severe stomatitis. ugangan n. Parent-in-law, son or daughter-in-law. Siya in ugangan ku usug. He is my father-in-law.    v. ag mag-, -um-, mang-; pat -un. To be or come to be in an in-law relationship (with someone of the next higher or lower generation), take (someone) as a parent-in-law or daughter-in-law. Diꞌ aku mabayaꞌ magꞌugangan kaniya. I don’t want to be in an in-law relationship with him. Cf. bāi, iras, ipag, piyamikitan *pikit 2 ugat n. A vein, nerve, artery, fiber of the body, tendon. Naglalantup in ugat niya ha biꞌtis. The veins of his lower leg are prominent (lit. floating). ugbus n. Sprout (of a plant). Ayaw pagkawaa in ugbus sin kangkung. Don’t get the kangkong sprouts.    v. AR ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To sprout. Masuuk na magꞌugbus in panggiꞌ bagun. The sweet potatoes are about to sprout.    v. ran -an. To remove the new shoots (from a plant). Ugbusan ku in lara, supaya awn masayul ta. I’ll remove the new shoots from the peppers so that we can have vegetables. Cf. bukul, sahaꞌ, pangtusan ugis n. An albino person. Landuꞌ in puti sin pais sin ugis. The skin of an albino person is overly white. ugtu suga n. Noontime, midday (when the sun is at its zenith). Ugtu suga na kami nakapagkaun. We had our lunch at noontime. Cf. mataas suga 1 ugud n. Impetigo, other open sores (characterized by the appearance of a number of small pus-filled blisters on the skin). Tampuli in ugud mu bat diꞌ tapuan pikut. Cover your sores so the flies won’t light

on them. (See Appendix 8: Diseases)    v. ST pat -un. To become infected with sores. Ugurun kaw bang kaw magpanayam ha pisak yan. You’ll get sores if you play in the mud.    adj. maugud Covered with sores. Maugud in bataꞌ-bataꞌ ha bāy yan. The children in that house are covered with sores. ugud lugay n. Dermatitis, scabies, etc. Malugay magꞌuli in ugud lugay. It takes a long time to get better from scabies. (See Appendix 8: Diseases) uhaꞌ n. Crumbs. Īgi in uhaꞌ ha lāy. Scrape the crumbs off the plate.    v. ST ag mag-; ran -an. To leave lots of crumbs (after eating). Ayaw mu usala in pinggan uhaan. Don’t use a bowl that has lots of crumbs left on it. Cf. kapin, tuwaꞌ ūhaꞌ (var. ūhay) intj. Hey there! (an exclamation of greeting). Uhaꞌ maunu-unu kamu? Hey there! How are you? ūhan (from ū + -an₁) 1 n. The position associated with the human head; tip, top, or front part (of something). Biyutang niya ha ūhan in kitab. He placed the religious book at the head. Tiyawꞌ ku in sīn ha ūhan kantil. I keep the money at the head of the bed. v. ag mag-, -um-. To have (one’s) head or the front (of something) facing (a certain way). Bang kita matūg, marayaw bang kita magꞌūhan pa subangan. When we sleep, it’s good if we have our heads to the east. 2 n. The chief or leader (of a group). v. ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To act as head or chief (of a group). Ikaw in magꞌūhan ha manga bataꞌ iskul ini. You’ll be the head of this group of students. n. pagꞌūhanan Leadership, headship. OV SYN.: nakuraꞌ. uhaw n. Thirst. Yari in tubig hipagꞌubat sin uhaw mu. Here’s water to quench your thirst.    v. pat -un. To be or become thirsty. Iyuhaw aku. I am thirsty. SYN. langgang ujul (var. of udjul) n Misfortune, sorrow. ūk 1 v. CH 1 ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To cut, penetrate, prick (with a blade, pointed instrument, or teeth). Diꞌ

makaūk in laring niya. This knife canꞌt cut. Diꞌ siya ūkun sin pungluꞌ. He isn’t penetrated by (i.e., is invulnerable to) bullets. 2 adj./adv. maūk (With atud), intent(ly) and piercing(ly). Maytaꞌ maūk in pangatud mu kākuꞌ? Why do you look piercingly at me? Cf. patung2, *pandang ukab 1 adj. Open, about to open. Ukab in tandawan. The windows are open. Ukab in tinda? Is the store open? v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To open (something). Ukaba in lawang. Open the door. OV SYN.: *ukay. n. uukab An opener (for bottles, cans, etc.). Dāha in uukab mital yan mari. Bring that can opener here. 2 v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. (For a class, business, etc.) to begin, to begin (such). Kuꞌnu magꞌukab in iskul? When does school start? *ukam v. ag mang-; pat -un; ran pang-…-an. [Iyukam is not used. No difference in meaning between -un and pang-…-an.] To charm (a person or animal) so that he/it becomes very weak and (usu.) sleeps soundly (or if awake, becomes unable to speak). Maingat in sugarul mangukam, hangkan nakasūd pa lawm bāy way kiyasayuhan. The thief knows how to charm people to sleep soundly, that’s why he got into the house without being detected. Piyangukaman sin sugarul in jaga, hangkan natakaw in altaꞌ ha buriga. The thief charmed the guard to sleep soundly, that’s why the goods in the warehouse were stolen. *ukat (var. uknat) 1 vt. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To remove (something from something else to which it was previously joined). Ukata in digpiꞌ bakas ku liyansang ha dingding. Remove the board that I nailed to the wall. vi. ST pat -um-, ma-. (For something sticking on something else) to come off, get separated or detached. Naukat in pād sin tawmpaꞌ niya. The sole of her shoe came off. OV SYN.: aknit. 2 v. ag mag-, -um-. To part company, cease to associate with, withdraw, secede, separate. Ukat na kaw dayn ha manga panun mu. Separate yourself from your buddies. Imukat na aku dayn ha parhimpunan. I parted from the organization. Mabayaꞌ in manga Muslim umukat dayn ha hulaꞌ Pilipinas. The Muslims want to secede from the Republic of the Philippines. Cf. butas *ukay v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un; ran -an. To open and examine (something, as a container or drawer),

open (something for inspection). Ukayun sa yan in pamutus mu ha jambatan. Your baggage will be opened and examined at the wharf. Subay ukayan asal in saub sin manga labban sabab bisitahun sin sundalu. The covers of the cardboard boxes should be opened beforehand because the soldiers will search them. OV SYN. ukab 1 ukkil n. Carving. Malingkat in ukkil sin sunduk yaun. The carving on that grave marker is beautiful.    v. AR ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To carve or engrave a design (on something). Samal in maingat magꞌukkil sakayan. Samas are the ones who know how to carve designs on canoes.    n. magꞌuukkil A carver. *ukum v. ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To keep (something) in one’s possession, (for someone) to be under (one’s) authority or sovereignty, (for someone) to live with (someone else). Ayaw na kaw magꞌukum sin unu-unu bukun kaymu. Don’t keep in your possession anything that doesn’t belong to you. In balu nagꞌukum iban sin manga piyamikitan niya. The widow is living with her in-laws. Ukuman ku in manga piyamikitan ku dī kākuꞌ. I’ll let my in-laws live with me. In hulaꞌ Pilipinas bakas iyuukuman sin bangsa Kastilaꞌ ha lawm tūnggatus tahun. The Philippines was under the sovereignty of the Spanish nation for three hundred years.    n. ukuman Possession. Ha lawm ukuman niya in katān altaꞌ kiyabīn sin amaꞌ niya. All the property his father left is in his possession. ukum milik n. Household, domain, dominion. In katān bataꞌ way pa paghulaꞌ, ha lawm ukum milik pa sin maas nila. All unmarried children are still in their parents’ household. In katān tau marayaw ha lawm ukum milik sin Tuhan. All good people are within God’s dominion. ukuy n. Weakness (due to sickness). Simūng na in ukuy sin tau ini. This man’s weakness is increasing.    v. ST pat mag-, -um-. To become weak. Kaꞌnu imukuy in bataꞌ ini? When did this child become weak?    adj. maukuy Weak (due to sickness). Maukuy in bataꞌ in karā pa uspital. The child was weak when brought to the hospital. OV SYN. lamma, lunuk 1.1, lukmay; Cf. *lupay ulꞌul n. Throbbing, continuous pain. Diꞌ ku kasandalan in ulꞌul sin paliꞌ ku. I can’t stand the throbbing pain in my wound.

   v. act mag-, -um-. To throb with pain. Magꞌulꞌul na in hubag bang marayꞌ na mustak. A boil throbs with pain when it’s about to burst.    adj. maulꞌul Throbbingly painful. Maulꞌul in paliꞌ ku. My wound is throbbingly painful. ula-ula adj. (Just) kidding, deceiving or fooling playfully, having no purpose or intention in mind, not serious. Ayaw kaw magkahagad sin muwiꞌ na siya. Ula-ula niya sa yan. Don’t believe that he’s going home. He’s just kidding. Ula-ula sadja in bayaꞌ niya tumabang kaymu. His desire to help you is not serious (i.e., he doesn’t really mean to help). Ayaw kaw kumatawa sabab bukun ula-ula in bissara niya sin bunuun niya kaw. Don’t laugh because he’s not kidding when he said he’ll kill you. Bukun ula-ula in pakaradjaan pagꞌiyanun ‘hunger strike’ piyaawn sin manga mastal ha Manilaꞌ. The thing called hunger strike staged by the teachers in Manila is a serious matter. Cf. langug ulad n. A piece, unit (of something flat, as sheet metal, leaves [esp. tobacco], paper, or cardboard). Bīhi aku hangka-ulad tabakuꞌ. Buy me a piece of compressed tobacco leaf. OV SYN. sulag *ulak v. ag mag-, -um-; goal -an. To shout, scream, shriek, shout for (someone). Imulak siya pagkitaꞌ niya ha sugarul. She screamed when she saw the burglar. Ulakan ku in bataꞌ ha bangkaꞌ. I’ll shout for the child in the canoe. OV SYN. silawak, gasud, ulang, tulik ulakan n. A shuttle (in weaving). Diꞌ kita makapaghablun bang way ulakan. We cannot weave if there is no shuttle. ulalang n. Pubic hair, pubes. In bataꞌ-bataꞌ wayruun pa ulalang. A child has no pubic hair yet.    v. ST pat -un. To develop pubic hair. Ulalangun in tau bang sumangput na. One will develop pubic hair when he/she reaches the age of puberty. OV SYN. bahibu, bulbul ulamaꞌ (Ar.) n. A scholar in Islam, an authority on Muslim religion and laws. In tau ulamaꞌ tantu landuꞌ in ingat. A scholar in Islam is really intelligent. In manga ulamaꞌ hipagparā pa hulaꞌ dugaing magꞌanad. Scholars in Islam are sent abroad to learn. ulan n. Rain. Makusug in ulan kabii. The rain was heavy last night.    v. none mag-, -um-; pat -un; ran -an. To rain. Sawk kamu tubig bang umulan. Haul water if it rains. Sūng na ulanun in paghulaꞌ ta. Our locality is about to be rained on. Marayꞌ sila yadtu ulanan sabab

way kasilungan nila. They will probably be rained on because they have no shelter. OV SYN. tūk-tūk, bunuk-bunuk; Cf. andahaw    adj. pangulan (Of a time of year) rainy. Timpu pangulan bihaun. It’s rainy season now. ulan-daut (comp.) n. Heavy rain. magpaulan sin asin/paulanan in asin (idiom) n. To let (one’s) past misdeeds or problems be known (esp. those that could cause gossip), hang out (one’s) dirty linen (lit. to rain on the salt). See asin, magpaulan sin/paulanan in ulan-daut n. Heavy rain.    v. none mag-. To rain heavily, pour. Nagꞌulan-daut kabii, hangkan walaꞌ kami nākari. It was raining heavily last night, and so we didn’t come. ulang n. Yell. Diyurungug sampay mari in ulang niya. His yell could be heard even here.    v. ag mag-, -um-; goal -an. To yell at (someone). Ayaw mu aku ulangi. Bukun aku bisu. Don’t yell at me. I’m not deaf. OV SYN. gasud, *ulak ulangig n. An echo. Walaꞌ ku diyungug in ulangig. I didn’t hear the echo.    v. none mag-, -um-. To echo. Magꞌulangig bang kaw umulak ha lawm gulangan. If you shout in the jungle it will echo.    adj. maulangig Echoic. Maulangig in tingug sin agung. The sound of the gong is echoic. Cf. katingug, kagingkul Ulangkayaꞌ n. A title given to a minor official during the time of the Sultanate. Hi Bapaꞌ Samman in hīnang Ulangkayaꞌ sin sultan. Uncle Samman is the one who was made officer of the king. Cf. Maharadja ulapay n. A common cold, catarrh, any disorder with runny nose symptoms. Sīsippun in tau taga ulapay. A person with a cold has a runny nose. (See Appendix 8: Diseases)    v. ST pat -un. To have a cold, catarrh, develop a cold. Ayaw kaw magpaulan gana-gana ulapayun kaw. Don’t go out in the rain, you will catch cold. Cf. sippun ulapid n. Rheumatism. Hilugi sin ubat ini in biꞌtis mu bang awn ulapid mu. Put this medicine on your leg if you have rheumatism.

   v. ST pat -un. To develop rheumatism. Ayaw pagbasaa daran in siki mu bang kaw iyuulapid. If you have rheumatism don’t keep your foot in water. SYN. rayuma uldin (Eng.) n. An order, command (of government officials, etc., but not royalty). Tagaran ta in uldin sin kapitan. We’ll wait for the captain’s order.    v. ag mag-, -um-; goal -an. To give an order, command. Nagꞌuldin in mayul sin hipaīg in katān kabāyan dī. The mayor ordered the demolition of all the houses here. OV SYN. tita, *manda uliꞌ v. act -um-. (For an illness or wound) to heal. Diꞌ umuliꞌ in paliꞌ bang mu diꞌ ubatan. The wound will not heal if you don’t apply medicine on it. Pauliun niya in sakit mu. He’ll cure your sickness (i.e., make it heal).    v. ran ka-…-an. To be restored to health, get well again (from an illness). Subay kaw minum ubat bat kaw kaulian. You’ve got to take medicine so you’ll get well again. OV SYN. *dayaw 1 *uliꞌ v. CV 1 ag mag-, -um-; pat hi-. To return, give back (something). Hiuliꞌ ku mān in būk ha piyagkawaan ku. I’ll return the book to where I got it. Diꞌ manjari magꞌuliꞌ ha tinda. You can’t return what you’ve bought to the store. Cf. balik ulihan (from huli + -an₁) (var. hulihan) n. Behind (as of someone following in a line), last (of a series of things), rear (as in a bus). Ha ulihan ku siya limingkud. He sat behind me. Cf. taykud 1, duhul ulihim n. A phonograph. Masūb in tau gimba dumungug ulihim. The people from the interior are fond of listening to the phonograph. In ulihim tagnaꞌ awn pagtabiran. A phonograph in olden times had a winder. ulin v. ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To touch (something) with the hand. Ayaw mu aku ulini. Don’t touch me. Bang mu yan ulinan mustak. If you touch that it will explode. Cf. kaput1 1.1, gunggung1 ulum adj. (In the phrase pula ulum [q.v.]) dark (red). Cf. unguꞌ ulung n. Pity, compassion; love. Way ulung niya ha pagkahi niya. He has no compassion for his fellow men.    v. ag mag-, -um-; goal ka-…-an. To pity or have compassion (on someone), love (someone). Kaulungan ta in pagkahi ta. Let us have compassion on our fellow men.

   adj. maulung Having pity, feeling compassion; having love. Maulung aku kaniya. I pity him. SYN. luuy2 -um- 1 verbal affix ifx. (With non-agentive [ST] stems) to enter into the state described by the stem, become whatever the stem is; (for that state) to increase in degree, ______ -en. Tumugas in simintu. The cement will harden. Kumamdus in hukut bang dublihun. The string will become stronger if it’s doubled. 2 verbal affix ifx. (With agentive stems) signifies that the agent is in grammatical focus and that the action is a one-time act. Minum aku tubig. I’ll drink water. Kimawas sila dayn ha taas tarak. They jumped down from the truck. *ūm v. ag mang-, mag-, -um-; ran -an. (For fowl) to cover and warm eggs for hatching, sit, brood. Nangungūm in inaꞌ manuk. The mother hen is brooding. Cf. *pusaꞌ uma n. A (cultivated) field or farm, rice field. Ubus na iyaararu in uma nila. Their fields are already plowed.    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To cultivate a field, farm. Mabayaꞌ pa aku magꞌuma dayn sin magꞌistaꞌ. I would rather farm than fish.    n. magꞌuuma A farmer. Nagꞌani na pāy in manga magꞌuuma. The farmers are harvesting rice. Cf. lupu, palipat 2 umagad n. Courage, bravery, spirit, nerve. Kiyakawaan aku umagad ha pagbunuan. I lost my courage during the fight.    v. ST pat -un; ran -an. To lose one’s courage, spirit, bravery, nerve. Umagarun kaw bang kaw mākitaꞌ tau miyamatay. You’ll lose your nerve if you see dead bodies. Ayaw pagbugaa in bataꞌ bat diꞌ kaumagaran. Don’t scare the children so they won’t lose their courage. Iyuumagad in tau yaun sabab nākitaꞌ siya lutaw kabii. That fellow has lost his nerve because he saw a dead man’s evil ghost last night. Cf. isug umagak adj. (Of animals) female. Bī kaw manuk umagak. Buy a female chicken. OV SYN. babai; Cf. mandangan 1 umaw adj. Dumb, mute. Diꞌ sa yan makabissara sabab umaw. He cannot speak for he is dumb. Cf. kalluꞌ

(See Appendix 8: Diseases)    v. pat ma-. To become dumb or mute. Mangiꞌ in magꞌumaw-umaw minsan kita maingat magbissara, lumugay maumaw na kita tuud. It’s bad to act like a dumb person when we know how to speak; later on we will really become dumb.    v. pat -un. To make (someone) dumb or mute. Bang aku dugalan kaymu, umawun ta kaw. If I get angry at you I’ll make you dumb. umba (var. humba) v. ag mag-, -um-. To show oneself suddenly (out of a door, window, etc.), appear suddenly. Kiyublaan kami pagꞌumba niya dayn ha lawang. We were startled when he suddenly appeared at the door. Cf. hundaw 1 *umbak v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. [Often rdp.] To pump (kerosene, gasoline, oil, or water with a small pump). Aku in nagꞌumbak sin gasulin dayn ha baril pa mital. I was the one who pumped gasoline from the barrel into the can.    n. umbak-umbak A (small) pump (for pumping kerosene, gasoline, oil, or water). Subay awn umbakumbak bang magkāꞌ sin lana ha mital. Their should be a pump in order to get the oil from inside the can. OV SYN. bumba1 umbak tawpan n. The deluge, flood (of Noah’s time). Awn umbak tawpan ha masa hi Nabi Nū. There was a deluge in Noah’s time. OV SYN. latap, dunuk *umban v. ag mag-, -um-; goal -un. To go (somewhere) in a group or flock (usu. used derogatorily). Miyadtu sila nagꞌumban pa bāy sin mayul. They flocked to the mayor’s office. OV SYN. baan; Cf. panun, agad 1 umbul n. Number. Unu in umbul sin tikit mu? What is the number on your ticket?    v. ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To number, give a number (to something). Umbuli in manga tikit ini. Write the numbers on these tickets. TABLE OF NUMBERS isa, hambuuk

1

duwa

2

tū

3

upat

4

lima

5

unum

6

pitu

7

walu

8

siyam

9

hangpuꞌ

10

hangpuꞌ tagꞌisa

11

hangpuꞌ tagduwa

12

kawhaan

20

katluan

30

kaꞌpatan

40

kayꞌman

50

kaꞌnuman

60

kapituwan

70

kawaluwan

80

kasiyaman

90

hanggatus

100

hanggatus iban hambuuk, hanggatus tagꞌisa

101

hanggatus hangpuꞌ

110

hanggatus hangpuꞌ tagꞌisa

111

duwanggatus

200

tūnggatus

300

upat ngagatus

400

limanggatus

500

unum ngagatus

600

pitunggatus

700

walunggatus

800

siyam ngagatus

900

hangibu

1,000

duwangaibu, duwangibu

2,000

tūngaibu, tūngibu

3,000

upat ngaibu

4,000

limangaibu, limangibu

5,000

unum ngaibu

6,000

pitungaibu, pitungibu

7,000

walungaibu, walungibu

8,000

siyam ngaibu

9,000

hangpuꞌ ngaibu hanggatus ngaibu milyun

10,000 100,000 1,000,000

umbulsatu adj. Outstanding, the best. Siya in umbulsatu ha iskul namuꞌ. He is the outstanding (student) of our school. umbun-umbunan n. Crown of the head, fontanel. Ayaw mu pagkaputi in umbun-umbunan sin bataꞌbataꞌ. Don’t touch the fontanel of the baby. *umid v. ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To take good care (of something), prevent harm (to something), economize. Umid kaw sin baran mu ampa kaw diꞌ maluhay masakit. Take good care of yourself so that you will not easily get sick. Umiran mu subay mahugut in sīn hipagꞌiskul mu. You have to economize well with the money for your schooling.    adj./adv. maumid Careful, protective, preventive. In tau maumid ha unu-unu niya miyumumus marayaw. A careful person keeps his things properly. Cf. ayad, halliꞌ 1 ummat n. A believer or follower (of any religion), the faithful, members of a congregation. In manga Muslim ummat hi Nabi Muhammad. Muslims are the followers of Prophet Muhammad. Cf. tindugan tindug 1.1, jamaa umpak v. ag mag-, -um-; goal -un; ran/inst pag-…-an. To jump (off the ground). Umpak kaw makapitu. Jump seven times. Diꞌ ku maabut in paga-paga, subay umpakun. I can’t reach the shelf, someone should jump to reach it.    adj. maumpak Characterized by high jumps, jolty (as of the movement of a jeep on a bumpy road). Maumpak in jīp bang in dān mabatu. The jeep is jolty if the road is rocky. OV SYN. laksu, *tugpaꞌ, lumpat

umpan 1 n. Bait (for animals or fish), something that serves as enticement (to something). Ūd in hinangun ta umpan mamingit. We’ll have worms as bait for fishing. v. AR ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To bait, lure, tempt, entice, attract (something). Subay umpanan in bingit ullang, supaya tuminduk in istaꞌ. The hook should be baited with shrimp so that the fish will bite. 2 n. Something that distracts a child’s attention. v. AR ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To distract (a child or a child’s attention). Umpani in bataꞌ-bata panayaman bat diꞌ tumangis. Distract the child with toys so she won’t cry. umul (gimb. ummul) 1 n. Age. Pila in umul mu? What is your age? (i.e, how old are you?) v. act mag-. To reach an age. Bang magꞌumul na siya kawhaan tahun subay na siya magꞌasawa. When he reaches the age of 20 he should marry. adj. maumul Older. Maumul siya dayn kākuꞌ. She is older than I am. adv. saumul Forever. Wayruun tau maghulaꞌ ha dunya saumul. There will be no people living on the earth forever. Cf.: gulang. 2 n. The end of (one’s) life. Bang aku panawn sin sundalu adlaw ini, umul ku na. If the soldiers come after me today that’s the end of my life. una v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To go ahead or before, be first. Una na kaw dayn kākuꞌ. You can go ahead of me. Ikaw in nakauna dimatung. Subay ikaw in muna. You were the first to arrive. You should be first. Unahun ku in paglutuꞌ dayn sin paglanuꞌ bāy. I’ll put the cooking ahead of cleaning the house.    n. unahan A place or position ahead of or in front of (others). Hisiyu in naglilingkud ha unahan mu? Who is the one seated in front of you? ANT. ulihan, *huli una-huli adj. One after the other, out of order, at different times. Una-huli in pagdatung nila. They arrive at different times.    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To do things one after the other at different times. Diꞌ aku mabayaꞌ magꞌuna-huli in pagparā sin tugun ku. I don’t like you to send my orders at different times. Cf. subli undam n. A small basin, bowl (made of plastic or metal). Nagdakdak aku ha undam. I washed the clothes in the basin. OV SYN. batiyaꞌ, pastan

undan n. A wild duck of any species. (See Appendix 1: Birds and Flying Insects) *undan v. ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To follow closely behind (someone), follow (someone) around (often causing annoyance, usu. used derogatorily). Malisuꞌ tuud aku ha tau ini. Imuundan sadja kākuꞌ. This man really annoys me. He keeps following me around. Amu sadja in iyuundanan mu in tau malunsul. The only ones you follow around are people who wander around. SYN. *tundan 2; OV SYN. urul undul (var. yundul) n. Result, outcome. In undul sin hinang mangiꞌ mapatay, atawa majīl. The result of bad deeds is dying or being jailed. In undul sin pagbiat ku ha manga anak ku nahinang sila katān tau marayaw. The outcome of my training of my children is that they all became good people.    v. act mag-, -um-. To result (in something). Bang masāꞌ in pagdā ta ha baran ta, magꞌundul pa way na magꞌaddat kātuꞌ. If we don’t behave properly it will result that no one will respect us.    n. undulan Result, outcome. Tumaka mu yan tiktikun in undulan niya mabagbag. If you keep on hitting that the result will be it will break. Cf. baynat untaꞌ n. A camel. In untaꞌ pagpanguraan sin tau maghadjiꞌ pa Makka. A camel is what is ridden by the people who become hadjis at Mecca. (See Appendix 4: Animals, Non-flying)    v. ag mag-. To ride on a camel. Magꞌuntaꞌ sadja in tau ha Misil bang umuntas dayn ha hula paslangan. The people of Egypt always ride on camels when crossing the desert. untas v. ag mag-, -um-; goal -un; ran -an. To cross (a road, street, sea, bridge, etc.). Untas kaw bang lumabay na in jīp yaun. Cross (the street) after that jeep passes. Cf. labay untayaw v. pat -um-. (For one’s health or condition) to recover, regain its former state, improve. Di na matantu bang makauntayaw pa siya dayn ha sakit niya. It’s not certain whether she’ll recover from her sickness. Pauntayawun ku siya marayaw dayn ha pagpaiskul kaniya. I will give him a better condition in life by sending him to school. OV SYN. tangun 2 untuk n. A (heaped-up) excess (of commodities being measured, as rice or salt). Bihaini in untuk sin pagtupung niya sin bugas. The excess when he measured the rice was like this.    adj. mauntuk Filled to excess, heaping. Malugiꞌ kaw bang mauntuk in pagtupung mu sin asin. You will take a loss if you give heaping measures of salt.

   v. pat -um-. (For something) to pile up in a heap (i.e, beyond the top of a container), heap up. Imuntuk na in basura, walaꞌ na mayan kiyakawaꞌ. The garbage has heaped up, it hasn’t yet been collected. Subay mu diꞌ pauntukun bang kaw magdihil kaniya kaunun. Don’t heap up (the container) when you give him rice. OV SYN. būd 2; Cf. lasay 1 untung n. Profit, gain. Way untung sin pagbisnis. The business didn’t yield a profit.    v. ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To make a profit or gain. Untungi in dagangan niya. Take the things which he sold to you and make a profit on them (by reselling). Cf. usaha    v. pat -un. To take (something) as profit. Ayaw mu na aku pabayara sin hambuuk badjuꞌ untungun ku na. Don’t make me pay for one shirt, I’ll take it as my profit. unu 1 pron. What. Unu in kabayaan mu? What is it that you want?/What do you want? v. ag mag-. [The patient is contained in the stem.] (For someone or an animal) to do what. Magꞌunu kamu? What are you going to do? v. CH 1 ag mag-; pat -un. To do what (to or with something). Magꞌunu sila kākuꞌ bang aku magad? What will they do to me if I go along? Unuhun mu in bāy ini? What will you do with this house? Iyunu mu in bataꞌ ini? What did you do to this child? Hipagꞌunu in tubig piyasuꞌ ini? What is this hot water for? v. ST pat ma-. What will happen/happened? (with negative diꞌ, for something not) to matter. Naunu kaw yan? What happened to you? Maunu kaw bang kaw minum sin ubat ini? What will happen to you if you take this medicine (i.e., nothing will happen). Diꞌ da maunu bang kaw diꞌ mabayaꞌ magad kākuꞌ. It doesn’t matter if you don’t want to go with me. 2 v. pat mag-. What is the (kinship) relationship (between or among people). Magꞌunu kamu iban sin iban mu yan? What is your relationship to your companion? unu-unu 1 pron. Whatever. Unu-unu in kabayaan mu agad da kami. Whatever you want we will just do it. v. ST pat ma-. How is (something, condition, situation). Maunu-unu kaw bihaun? How are you today? Maunu-unu bihaun ha Sūg? How are conditions in Jolo? 2 n. Property, possessions, belongings. Ayaw niyu tangkuga in manga unu-unu niya. Don’t touch her belongings.

unud 1 n. Flesh, meat, substance. In unud sin tau biyaꞌ da dagbus sin unud sapiꞌ. The flesh of people looks like the flesh of beef. v. ST pat mag-, -um-. To develop flesh or substance. Bang magꞌunud na in panggiꞌ subay na kaliun. When the cassava root develops substance it should be dug up. adj. maunud Fleshy, having substance, fat. Maunud in manuk binī mu. You bought a fat chicken. Cf.: tambuk, subuk. 2 n. The quality (of fabrics). Marayaw in unud sin kakanaꞌ ini. The quality of this cloth is good. 3 n. A blood relative. Diꞌ aku makatawakkal mamunuꞌ sin unud ku. I don’t dare to kill my blood relative. SYN. duguꞌ 2 4 n. (With bichara) the suggested or implicit meaning of something said (that should not be plainly expressed due to courtesy or decency). Awn unud sin bichara niya. There’s an implicit meaning to what he said. unum adj. Six. Unum in anak niya. He has six children. (See umbul for table.) unung n. A companion (sharing the same circumstances). In unung niya miyatay, banta niya. His companion in death was his enemy.    v. AR ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. (To die) with another, live or stay together with (someone, sharing the same fate or existence). Nagꞌunung sila miyatay. They died together. Unungi in anak ku ha Manila. Stay together with my daughter in Manila. *ungaꞌ adj. maungaꞌ Emotional. Maungaꞌ tuud in babai ini. This lady is very emotional. ungas adj. Bald above the forehead. In katauran sin sayantis, ungas. Most scientists are bald-headed.    vi. ST pat ma-. To become bald. Maungas kaw lumugay bang mataud pikilun mu. You will become bald eventually if you have many responsibilities.    vt. ag mag-; pat -un. To make (oneself or someone) appear bald by shaving off (his) hair. Diꞌ siya mabayaꞌ magꞌungas. He doesn’t want to shave off his hair so as to appear bald. SYN. upaw ungsit v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To ask (someone for something) to be repeated (as a word missed in dictation or conversation); remind (someone of something, as a promise). Ungsitun ta mān in mastal sin kabtangan way ta nakāꞌ. We will ask the teacher later to repeat the word we missed. Ungsita siya

sin utang niya. Remind her of her debt. OV SYN. asubu, *usihat; Cf. pariksaꞌ ungsud1 n. Bride price, (usu. paid in rice, animals for feasting, and cash to the parents of the bride). Diꞌ makaaku sin ungsud in usug. The boy cannot afford the bride price.    v. ag mang-, mag-, -um-; ran -an. To give or pay a bride price. Ungsuri na in babai. Pay the girl’s bride price. ungsud2 v. CV 1 ag mag-, -um-; pat hi-. To give or hand over (something to someone). Hiungsud ta in pilak ini pa mayul. We will hand this money over to the mayor. OV SYN. dihil, duhal, *tukbal ungsud-ungsud n. A drawer (to a desk, cabinet, etc.), cabinet. Tawꞌan in sīn ha ungsud-ungsud. Keep the money in the drawer. ungsuy (var. of hungsuy) n A tobacco pipe. unguꞌ n. A matching pants and shirt dark red (pula ulum) in color. Māhang na in magtamung sin pakayan unguꞌ bihaun. People seldom wear the dark red matching pants and shirt nowadays. GENR. walnaꞌ upaꞌ n. The refuse of betel nut after chewing, quid. Bugitan in upaꞌ mamaꞌ ha palurahan yaun. Spit your quid of betel nut in the cuspidor there. Cf. mamaꞌ, apug 1 upama 1 v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To talk about (something, often in a negative way). Bang pasal sin ngiꞌ nila in upamahun mu gām na kaw himundung. If you’re going to talk about their wrongdoing it’s better if you stop. OV SYN. limut 2 v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un; ran (expresses reason) pag-…-an. To worry (about something). Bang kaw magꞌupama sin kalugian mu nakauna kumangiꞌ in pikilan mu. If you worry about your previous losses in business you will go crazy. OV SYN. susa upamakun rel. For example, likened to (used in comparisons). Bang upamakun magbingit ikaw yan in umpan. If it’s likened to fishing, you are the bait. Cf. ibārat, sapantun upāng n. Yaws. Nasakit siya upāng sin timpu Jipun. He was sick with yaws in the Japanese time. (See Appendix 8: Diseases)    v. ST pat -un. To develop or be afflicted with yaws. Iyuupāng in maas usug yaun. That old man has

yaws. Cf. suplit upat adj. Four. Upat da sila in nakabīn ha bāy. There are four of them who remained at the house.    v. rdp. pat -un. (To do something) by fours. Upat-upatun ta in pagdihil kindi ha manga bataꞌ. Let’s give four pieces of candy to each child. upat mata n. A person with eyeglasses. Pasal awn samin mata niya, laung sin manga tau upat mata na siya. Because he has glasses, people say he’s now a person with eyeglasses. upaw adj. Bald on the crown of the head.    n. Bald pate. Pagsaruk kaw bat diꞌ kakitaan in upaw mu. Wear a hat so your bald pate won’t be seen. SYN. ungas *upiksaꞌ v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To attend to, look after (something) with great care and diligence; provide (someone’s) needs. Upiksaa in nasasakit. Take great care of the sick. Upiksaa in pagkaun sin manga anak mu, ay mu sila pasāri. Attend to your children’s food, don’t neglect your children.    adj. maupiksaꞌ Attentive to, looking after (something) with great care and diligence. Maupiksaꞌ siya sin hinang niya. She is attentive to her work (i.e., is diligent). Cf. *ayura, paruli, isbat, *ayuput upira (Eng.) n. A surgical operation.    v. AR ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To perform surgery, operate. Kinsūm upirahan in bugun niya. Tomorrow her goiter will be operated on. Magpaupira in bagay ku sin hubag niya ha siku. My friend will have his swollen elbow operated on. upis (Eng.) n. An office. Madtu kami pa upis sin piskal. We will go to the office of the public defender.    v. ag mag-. To work in an office, go to work (in an office). Magꞌupis aku minsan Ahad bang mataud hinang. I go to the office even on Sunday if there is plenty of work.    v. ran -an. To use (a place) as an office. Pagꞌupisan ta in sawm bāy. Let’s use the space below the house as an office.    n. magꞌuupis Office employees. Way hinang sin manga magꞌuupis adlaw yan. Office employees are off today. upisyal (Eng.) n. An officer, official. Subay in sundalu magsalura ha upisyal. A soldier must salute an

officer.    v. ag mag-; pat -un. To become an officer or official, appoint (someone) as an officer or official. Mabayaꞌ tuud siya magꞌupisyal ha kappal. He really wants to become an officer on a ship. *uplut vi. act mag-, -um-; ran -an. (For the sun) to rise, (an object) to rise up; (for seeds) to sprout. Imuplut na in suga. The sun has risen. Wayruun hulaꞌ kiyakitaan ku luwal in būd Siasi biyaꞌ da lagguꞌ bulan imuplut dayn ha higad dagat. I didn’t see any land except Siasi mountain rising up from the ocean like the size of the moon. Subay hangka-pitu ampa umuplut in bigi tiyanum mu. It will take a week for the seed you’ve planted to sprout. Cf. umba, tubuꞌ 1    vt. ag mag-, -um-; pat hi-. To thrust (something) out. Ayaw mu uplutan in ū mu dayn ha tandawan. Don’t thrust your head out of the window. ural n. Coarseness (of cloth). Ayaw kaw magbī bang bihaini in ural sin kakanaꞌ. Don’t buy it if the cloth is this coarse.    adj. maural (Of cloth, mats, or anything woven) coarse in texture, (of meat) not tender. Maural in unud sapiꞌ ini. This beef is not tender. ANT. mapū pū, nyuknyuk; Cf. kasap urul v. TV ag mag-, -um-; goal -un. To come or go after someone, follow. Awn jip imuurul ha ulihan ta. There’s a jeep following us. Urula sadja in dān simintu. Just follow the paved road. Iyurul namuꞌ siya pa bāy niya. We followed him to his house. Nakaurul siya sin limpaꞌ siki sin amaꞌ niya. He followed the footsteps of his father. (May be literal or fig.). Cf. agad 2, apas 1 urus n. An excretion from a millepede. *ūs v. ag, aux mag-, -um-; pat -un; ran -an. [Often rdp.] To hurry, hasten; be hasty (to do something). Imūs sila minīg dayn dī supaya sila diꞌ abutan sin banta nila. They left here in a hurry so that their enemies wouldn’t meet them. Nagꞌūs-ūs sila pa tabuꞌ. They hurried in going to the market. Ūsun ku in hinang ini sabab kagunahan. I’ll hurry this work because it’s needed. Subay diꞌ ūsan in tau bang naghihinang supaya diꞌ masāꞌ. A person should not be hurried when working so that he/she won’t make a mistake. Piyaūs-ꞌūs niya in bataꞌ kimaun hangkan biyungkul. He ordered the child to hurry eating, that’s why he choked.    n. p(iy)agꞌūsan [Often rdp.] Reason for hurrying. Unu in piyagꞌūs-ūsan mu? What are you in a great

hurry for?    adj./adv. maūs Quick(ly), hurried(ly), in a hurry. Maūs in panaw namuꞌ hangkan diꞌ na kami sumakat pa taas bāy mu. We are in a hurry so we won’t come into your house. OV SYN. kasay 1, samut, siglaꞌ, biskay ūs-ꞌūs (see *ūs) v. To hurry, hasten; be hasty (to do something). usaha n. Work, occupation, labor, vocation, business, means of livelihood. Magꞌistaꞌ in usaha niya. His occupation is fishing.    v. ag mag-, -um-; pat usāhun To earn (money), engage in business or occupation so as to make a living. Makausaha aku hangibu pilak hangka-pitu. I can earn one thousand pesos a week. Diꞌ in tau mabuhiꞌ bang diꞌ magꞌusaha sin kabuhianan. People won’t survive if they don’t earn a living. Pila sīn in nausaha mu adlaw yan? How much money did you earn today? Usāhun ku mān in singsing mu kiyaragang ku. I will earn (money equal to the value of) your ring which I sold.    v. pat magka-. To be earned from, used as livelihood. Awn waktu makausaha kita, awn isab waktu magkausaha kita. There are times we can make a living, there are other times we are made a living from (i.e., we lose money).    adj. mausaha Characterized by earnings, able to earn. Mausaha in tau ini. This fellow is able to earn. Cf. hinang 1.1, kabuhianan buhiꞌ 1 usal (Eng.) v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To use (something). Magꞌusal aku kantiyu bang matūg. I’ll use loose-fitting pants when I go to bed. Bang mataud in lutuun subay usalun in dapulan gās. If there is a lot to cook we have to use the gas stove. Pagꞌusalun ku in sāmin ku bang magbassa. I am using my eye glasses for reading. OV SYN. *pakay 2, lagi, guna usba n. Paternal kinfolk (a kinship term referring to the male parent of ego and the consanguinal kin of the male parent). Usba in makapagbayaꞌ ha manga anak mu. It is your husband and his family who have authority over your children.    v. ag mag-, -um-; ran ka-…-an. (For paternal kinsfolk) to have or exercise rights (over the children). Maas sin usug in makapagꞌusba ha manga bataꞌ ini. It’s the elders of the male who have the right over these children. Cf. waris, usba-waris

usba-waris n. One’s maternal and paternal kinfolk (see usba and waris). Subay tipunun in usba-waris bang awn magpangasawa kaniya. (Her) paternal and maternal kinfolk should be gathered together when someone asks for her hand in marriage. OV SYN. lahasiyaꞌ1 1, kampung *usbu 1 v. pat -um-, mag-; ran ka-…-an. (For a liquid) to give off steam, (for a liquid, gas, heat, cold) to be forced out or up under pressure. Nagꞌusbu na in tubig piyasuꞌ mu. The water you heated is giving off steam. Pausbuhun ku pa taas in asu dayn ha makina. I’ll cause the smoke from the engine to be forced up (i.e., direct it up). 2 v. act mag-, -um-. (With sakit sin atay, dugal, pasuꞌ, etc.) to lose one’s temper or poise, seethe with (anger). Imusbu in sakit sin atay niya kahapun. He was seething with anger yesterday. Diꞌ lumugay umusbu na in pasuꞌ ku. I’m going to lose my temper in a minute. *usibaꞌ 1 v. ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To spoil, ruin, waste (something, as food or money). Ayaw niyu usibai in pagkaun yan. Don’t waste the food. Cf. luppas 2 v. AR ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To rape (someone). Iyusibaan niya in daraakun nila. He raped their maid. Cf. *kapkap, *iyut, *wati usibaꞌ saytan n. Demon wasting (a kind of sickness caused by evil spirits). Bang usibaꞌ saytan in sakit niya diꞌ kaulian sin duktur. If his sickness is demon wasting, a doctor cannot cure it. Cf. abat 1, labhaꞌ, hantu *usig v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. (For dogs) to growl or snarl. Nagꞌusig in manga iruꞌ. The dogs are growling. Bang in tau magkaun unud iruꞌ, usigun tuud siya sin kaibanan iruꞌ. If a person eats dog meat, other dogs will growl at him.    n. pagꞌusig The growling or snarling of a dog. Nakabatiꞌ aku sin pagꞌusig sin manga iruꞌ. The growling of the dogs woke me up. Cf. *tanghul, *taul *usihat v. AQ ag/goal mag-, -um-; goal -un. To ask or inquire (of someone) for further information or clarification. Usihata bang biyaꞌdiin in pagbūs sīn ha DBP. Inquire how to obtain loans from the DBP.    adj. mausihat Inquisitive. Bang kaw mabayaꞌ umingat subay kaw mausihat. You have to be inquisitive if you want to know a lot. OV SYN. asubu, pariksaꞌ, sumariya

*usngaw v. act mag-, -um-; ran ka-…-an. (For a gas, heat) to diffuse, spread, be emitted. Nagꞌusngaw in pasuꞌ dayn ha makina. The heat from the machine is spreading.    v. ran pa-…-an. To cook (something) by steam, steam (something). Bang magtugnaꞌ piyutu subay pausngawan sadja in panggiꞌ līis. When cooking steamed cassava the grated cassava should just be steamed. OV SYN. *usbu 1 ustadj (Ar.) n. A teacher of Islam. Maingat maghinduꞌ in manga ustadj yan. Those teachers of Islam are really good at teaching.    v. ag mag-. To be or become a teacher of Islam. Siya in magꞌustadj ha manga tau dī. He’ll become a teacher of Islam of the people here. usug n. Male, man. Subay usug in magbuhat sin baul. It should be a man who lifts the trunk. ANT. babai; Cf. subul 1    n. kausugan Group of men or males, bridegroom’s party. Nagtipun in kausugan. A group of men gathered together. Dimatung na in dayn ha kausugan. The bridegroom’s party has arrived.    n. pagkausug Manhood, masculinity. Kawgun in pagkausug mu bang kaw diꞌ mangatu ha sibuꞌ mu. Your manhood is just wasted if you don’t stand up to your equal.    v. usug-usug ag mag-. To have an affair with a man (usu. of a married woman). Maytaꞌ magꞌusugusug in asawa niya? Why is his wife having an affair with another man?    n. pagkausugan An invulnerable person. OV SYN. bunut basaꞌ comp. bunut, kubulan; Cf. tagiktik usuk n. A pole, post, stake (for marking a boundary, supporting a plant, etc.). Butangi usuk bat diꞌ maligad in jambangan yan. Put a stake there so the plant won’t fall over.    v. AR ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To mark a location or boundary with a stake, support (something) with a stake, put up a post. Subay usukan bat kaingatan in daplinan sin lupaꞌ. A post must be put up to indicate the boundary of the land. OV SYN. hāg, pangkaꞌ usuk batu n. A kilometer. Kulang-labi kawhaan taglima usuk batu in kawman Parang pa Tiyanggi. The community of Parang is more or less twenty-five kilometers from Jolo town. (See sukud1 for table.) *usul v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To relate (historical events of the past). Usulun ku kaniyu in pagkari sin Kastilaꞌ pa Lupaꞌ Sūg. I’ll relate to you the story of the coming of the Spaniards to Sulu.

   n. usulan Genealogical history. Mabayaꞌ siya umingat sin usulan sin manga karatuan. He would like to know the genealogical history of the various datus. Cf. salsila, kissa *usung v. CV 3 ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To carry (someone) in a litter or by interlacing the hands to form a seat. Usungun natuꞌ in dimaug nagpasu. Let’s carry on our hands the one who won the horserace. (See dā for table.)    n. usungan A litter. Iyuusung in Sultan ha usungan. The Sultan is being carried on a litter. ūt 1 n. The place between, gap, space. Naglilingkud siya ha ūt ku iban hi Wilma. She was seated between Wilma and me. Ha ūt na siya sin kamatay iban kabuhiꞌ. He is between life and death. v. CH 1 pat -un; ran -an. [-un and -an are usu. interchangeable.] To come between, put (something) between (things or people), divide or separate (things or people). Iyūtan sin manga sundalu in kālu nila hangkan walaꞌ limagguꞌ in bunuꞌ. The soldiers came between the quarreling (groups), that’s why the fighting didn’t become serious. Ūtun ta in kulangan nila sin ūan. We will put pillows between their sleeping places. v. ag magpa-, magpati-. To intervene or come between (to settle a quarrel). Magpatiūt na kaw bat sila diꞌ maglingug. Do intervene so they won’t get into trouble. Cf.: giꞌtung, utlang 1, bahagiꞌ. 2 n. A person or animal born between two offspring. utak n. A (working) bolo. Dā kaw utak bang kaw pa uma. Take a bolo when you go to the field. Cf. janap, lahut utak-utak n. Fish balls made of stripped leftover fish mixed with some spices and grated coconut meat. utan n. Taro (hupiꞌ) when the leaves are not yet open (eaten as a vegetable). utang n. A debt. Bayari na in utang mu kākuꞌ. Pay your debt to me.    v. ag mang-, mag-, -um-; pat -un; ran -an. To borrow (something [esp. money] from someone), get an advance (on wages). Nangutang siya kākuꞌ hanggatus pilak. He borrowed 100 pesos from me. Subay utangun ku in gadji ku hangka-bulan, hipamī pantalun. I must get an advance of one month’s wages to buy pants. Iyutangan nila na isab in tinda ha alupan sin sini. They borrowed again from the store in front of the theatre.    v. ran -an. To buy (something) on credit. Iyutangan ku sa in lilus ini ha tinda sin Lannang. I bought

this watch on credit at the store of a Chinese.    v. ag magpa-; pat hipa-; ran pa-…-an. To give a loan (usu. of money to someone), sell (something to someone) on credit. Ayaw kaw magpautang ha tau putingan. Don’t give a loan to a liar.    n. mangungutang A borrower of money, debtor. Bukun jukup in bayad sin manga mangungutang. Those who borrowed haven’t completely paid their debt.    adj. pangutang Prone to be in debt. Ayaw kaw mangandul ha tau pangutang. Don’t trust a man who is prone to be in debt. Cf. būs *utas 1 v. CH 1 ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To cut (something) apart, sever (something). Utasa kunuꞌ in patung yaun kākuꞌ. Will you sever that bamboo stem for me. (See utud for table.) 2 vi. pat ma-; exp ka-…-an, -an. (To do something) strenuously, painstakingly, laboriously. Kiyautasan na aku ha paglawagan kaymu. I searched strenously for you everywhere. vt. pat -un. To make (someone) work strenuously, tire (someone) out. Utasun mu tuud aku ha paglanuan sin lantay, lummian mu sadja. You’re really tiring me out cleaning the floor, you keep dirtying it. OV SYN.: laul. 3 v. pat ma-. To lose all one’s money. Mautas kaw bang kaw diꞌ mīg dayn ha pagpanayaman. You’ll lose all your money if you don’t get out of the gambling den. Mautas kita ha pagpaiskulan bang kaw diꞌ makapās tahun-tahun. We’ll lose all our money in paying for school if you fail every year. OV SYN. ubus; Cf. *daug utin n. Penis. Pantaluni in bataꞌ-bataꞌ bat diꞌ kakitaan in utin niya. Put pants on the child so his penis can’t be seen. Cf. butuꞌ, buyung utlang 1 v. pat ma-. (For people or places) to be far from each other. Nautlang sila hulaan iban sin manga taymanghud niya. The places of residence of the siblings are far from each other. 2 v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To separate (people, things or places) with a partition. Marayaw bang utlangun in usug iban babai, supaya diꞌ maglamugay. It’s good if the men and the women are separated by a partition so that they don’t mix. OV SYN. ūt 1 uttaraꞌ 1 n. North (the direction). In hangin bihaun dayn ha uttaraꞌ. The wind now is from the north. SYN. masrik; Cf. sātan 2, taksinaꞌ, maksinaꞌ, sadlupan *sadlup 2, subangan, magrib 3 2.1 n. A strong north wind. (See hangin for table.)

2.2 n. The season when there are strong winds from the north. Utuꞌ 1 n. An affectionate term of address for a boy in one’s family or any small boy, Sonny, Junior. Pakauna na hi Utuꞌ. Feed Sonny. Cf. iting1 2 n. A masculine name. *utud n. A cut or slice (of something). Dihili aku hangka-utud salikayaꞌ. Give me a slice of egg pie.    v. CH 1 ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To cut (something) in two (widthwise or crosswise). Utura kunuꞌ in patung ini. Will you cut this bamboo in two (for me)?    v. AR ag mag-, -um-; ran -an. To cut off a part (of something widthwise or crosswise). Iyuturan nila in duhul sin buhuk ku. They cut off a little from the ends of my hair. OV SYN. huyaꞌ, dīp; Cf. *sipak WORDS THAT INVOLVE CUTTING basbas

scrape off the surface of something

dīp

slice fruit to be eaten

galiꞌ

make a score or notch in flesh

gunting 1

cut with or as with scissors

gūt

cut flesh all the way through

hilap

slice fruit or meat thinly

huyaꞌ

slice any soft object

ipus

cut off an extra end of something

kagas

scratch, break the surface of something

lagut

hack with a bladed weapon

lapa

cut grass

paliꞌ

suffer a cut, be wounded

palu

cut off a rotten part of something

pilaꞌ

cut down a tree or other plant

pindang

cut an animate object into parts

pingag

cut off a small piece of something

pukul

cut off a limb or a head

punggul

cut off the upper part of something

punggut

cut off something, esp. a human head

sāg

cut off a branch of a tree

saksak

make an incision or split something

saplung

cut a part or the end off something

sipak

cut in two lengthwise

tabas

cut with scissors according to a pattern or measurement

tadtad 1

cut part way through many times

tamaꞌ

chop up into small pieces

tigbas

chop, hack, stab something

tiktik 2

cut the end off something

tuꞌtuꞌ

cut branches off a tree

tuis

split or chop wood

tuktuk₂

chop up into pieces

tuptup₁

cut or trim the nails

utas

cut something apart, sever something

utud

cut in two widthwise or crosswise

utuk1 n. Brain. Nabagbag in utuk sin tau nahulug dayn ha bāy mataas. The man’s brains smashed when he fell from a tall building. utuk2 n. A sickness (resulting from false swearing on the Koran, in which the stomach swells, the skin becomes yellow, and death eventually results), the curse (of which this illness is the evidence). In utuk sapa landuꞌ mangiꞌ, sampay manga anak sin iyutukan kugdanan da isab. The curse resulting from (false) swearing is extremely serious, even the children of the one who is cursed get the disease.    v. ag maka-; act mag-; ran -an. [No difference in meaning between mag- and -an.] (For God) to curse (someone who swears falsely on the Koran) by making (his) stomach swell and (his) skin turn yellow, and causing eventual death.{The Koran is the mediator of the curse.} Abila in tau sumapa sin kiyabubunnalan siya, na utukan na siya sin Tuhan. If a person swears (he has not done something) and then is found out, God will curse him by making his stomach swell and his skin turn yellow. Bang in magsapa biyaꞌ magkampung masuuk, na magꞌutuk na yan karuwang-sipak. If the ones who swear (and one is lying) are close relatives, then both of them will be cursed by their stomach swelling and their skin turning yellow. Utukan pa aku, way aku nakakāꞌ sin sīn mu. May God curse me if I took (lit. I didn’t take) your money.    v. ran -iy-…-an. (May God) curse (you), (God) damn (you). Iyutukan kaw! Bang man kaw mabugtang da. Damn you! May you drop dead. Cf. sapa *utung v. AQ ag/goal mag-, -um-; pat -un. To drag, pull (something). Utungun ku in lubid kaymu. I’ll pull the rope for you. Mautung mu kākuꞌ in baul yaun? Can you drag that chest for me? OV SYN. hillaꞌ; Cf. *bisud utung-bisud v. act mag-. (For a person or one’s emotion or mind) to vacillate, waver (usu. about a

decision). Magꞌutung-bisud in bayaꞌ niya kākuꞌ. She vacillates in her affection for me. Papagꞌutungbisurun ku in pikilan nila. I’ll make their minds vacillate. OV SYN. duwa-ruwa duwa 2 utus (var. uttus) n. Chicken pox. In utus makalamin. Chicken pox is catching. (See Appendix 8: Diseases)    v. ST pat -un. To develop chicken pox. Pagpalanggit kaw bat kaw diꞌ utusun. Get vaccinated so you won’t catch chicken pox. Ayaw kaw magpahangin bang kaw iyuutus. Don’t go out in the wind if you have chicken pox. Cf. pangkut, sampal utut v. ag mang-, mag-, -um-; pat -un; ran -an. To emit or pass gas (through the anus). Ayaw kaw mangutut bang awn tau. Don’t pass gas if there are people. Biyaꞌ ututun in buliꞌ ku yan. My rear end feels like I want to pass gas. Kiyaututan siya sin sapiꞌ hangkan way limagguꞌ. A cow emitted gas on him, that is why he doesn’t grow. *ūū v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To pacify, appease, placate, comfort (someone). Ūūha in bataꞌ bat diꞌ na tumangis. Pacify the child so she’ll stop crying. Diꞌ mu siya maūū minsan unu in hinangun mu. You can’t comfort her no matter what you do. Subay kaw maingat magꞌūū kaniya, bat kamu makapagdayaw. You should know how to placate her, so that the two of you can be reconciled to each other. Cf. sulut uwaꞌ n. The mature female milkfish (having hard scales). Mahunit saggawn in uwaꞌ sabab makusug lumanguy pa malayuꞌ. The mature female milkfish is hard to catch because it swims fast to a far distance. (See Appendix 2: Fish and Swimming Marine Creatures) uwak 1 n. A crow, any large dark-colored bird resembling a crow. Mataud in uwak. (saying) n. There are many people with the same name (lit. There are many crows). 2 v. ag mag-; ran -an. To introduce oneself (to others). Subay sa aku ini magꞌuwak supaya nila aku kakilahan. I should introduce myself so they will know who I am. OV SYN. inuwak 1 uway n. Rattan. Marayaw hinangun bangkuꞌ in uway. Rattan is good for making chairs. Makamdus in manga sīya hīnang dayn ha uway. Chairs made from rattan are durable. (See Appendix 5: Plants) *uwayang (var. wayang) v. ag mag-, -um-; ran (expresses reason) pag-…-an. To cry out loudly. Maytaꞌ

kaw nagꞌuwayang? Why did you cry out loudly? OV SYN. *ulak, tulik, gasud uwiꞌ 1 v. TV ag mag-, -um-. To come or go home (to one’s abode). Uwiꞌ kaw masamut. Come home early. Diꞌ pa siya makauwiꞌ. He can’t go home yet. Piyauwiꞌ sin mastal in manga bataꞌ iskul pasal sin pagbunuꞌ. The teacher sent the school children home because of the fighting. n. uwian The place to which (one) returns, (one’s) home. Harap pakain in uwian mu? Where are you returning to? 2 v. ran -an. To start living in (a new house). Iyuwian nila in bāy baꞌgu kahapun. They started living in the new house yesterday. OV SYN. tau 1 uy intj. (An expression of surprise) oh! ‘Way bahagiꞌ mu sin pagꞌistaꞌ’ laung sin amaꞌ ha anak. In sambung sin anak ‘Uy!’ ‘You have no share in the fishing,’ said the father to the son. The son said ‘Oh!’ ūy1 1 intj. (A courteous answer to someone’s call) yes? Nagtawag in inaꞌ hi Abdul kaniya, in sambung hi Abdul ‘Ūy.’ The mother of Abdul calls for him, Abdul answers ‘Yes?’ 2 intj. (A response indicating that the speaker is pleased or appreciates something) oh!, well!, ah! ‘Ikaw in napīꞌ magad pa Manilaꞌ humadil sin pagmiting.’ ‘Ūy, marayaw sa yan, makakitaꞌ na aku Manilaꞌ.’ ‘You were chosen to go to Manila to attend the meeting.’ ‘Oh, that’s good, I’ll be able to see Manila.’ 3 intj. (Spoken in order to embarrass or anger someone) aha!, ah!{Unmarried people of the opposite sex do not eat together.} Ūy, nagsāw kunuꞌ sila nagkaun. Aha, they (boy and girl) are eating together. ūy2 adj. maūy (Of a person) in serious condition. Sabab sin sakit niya maūy na hi amaꞌ. Because of his sickness father is now in serious condition. OV SYN. malamma lamma, garabi *uyug vi. pat ma-, magka-. (For something) to rock or shake (as if about to fall), be unsteady, totter. Nauyug in sanga sin mampallam. The twig of the mango tree shook. Nauuyug in panaw sin tau hilu. The walk of an intoxicated man is tottering. Magkauyug in hāg sin taytayan yan. The post of that footridge is unsteady.    vt. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To rock or shake (something). Ayaw na mayan kamu magꞌuyug sin kahuy yan tumaka mabaliꞌ na sa yan. Don’t shake the stem of the tree any more, it might break. Diꞌ mahublut in hāg bang diꞌ uyugun muna. The post can’t be pulled out if we don’t rock it first. Cf. *jugjug uyum n. A smile. Malingkat in uyum mu ha pattaꞌ ini. Your smile is pretty in this picture.

   v. ag mag-, -um-; pat -un. To smile. Diꞌ aku umuyum ha tau diꞌ ku kakilahan. I don’t smile at people I don’t recognize. Marayꞌ uyumun in amaꞌ mu bang kaw kakitaan niya nagpapantalun gisiꞌ in buliꞌ. Your father will probably smile when he sees you wearing pants with the seat torn. Cf. katawa, hikhik, paghakhak hakhak *uyun 1 v. act mag-. (For horizontal people or objects to be arranged) straight or in line. Matanam aku magkulang nagꞌuuyun. I like to lie down straight. Subay nagꞌuuyun in pagluun mu sin manga būk yan supaya tumuput ha labban. Your placing of these books should be in line so that they’ll fit in the box. 2 v. ag mag-, -um-. To agree with (another’s) opinion, (for two or more opinions) to agree. Nagꞌuuyun in pikilan namuꞌ pasal sin pagparayaw sin kawman. Our opinions about improving the community agree.

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Tausug-English Dictionary: Kabtangan Iban Maana

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w wadjit n. An indigenous confection made from sticky rice (pūtan, often the black variety). Masarap in wadjit bang kaunun mapasuꞌ pa. Sticky rice confection is delicious when eaten while still hot.    v. ag mag-. To make this kind of confection. Magwadjit aku kunsūm. I’ll make sticky rice confection tomorrow.    v. pat -un. To make (sticky rice) into this confection. (See Appendix 7: Kinds of Confections Served at Special Occasions) wahuy n. A Chinese game of chance.{A riddle is presented. Players bet on one or more of thirty-six numbers corresponding to characters, mostly animals, one of which is the answer to the riddle. Those

who bet on the correct character receive thirty times as much as they bet. People sometimes bet on a number or character they dream about.} Taawilun ku kaymu in tagainup mu, kalu kaw kumugdan ha wahuy adlaw ini. I will interpret your dream for you, you might win the Chinese game of chance today.    v. ag mag-. To play this game. Ayaw dūli magwahuy in manga bataꞌ. Don’t allow the children to play the Chinese game of chance. wajib adj. Obligatory, compulsory. Wajib ha tau katān in magꞌammal ibādat. It is obligatory for everyone to fulfill his religious duties.    v. ran ka-…an. To be obligatory. Kawajiban kātuꞌniyu diꞌ mamatay ha pagkahi ta. It is obligatory to all of us not to kill our fellows. OV SYN. subay; ANT. sunnat2 1 wajil (var. wajir) n. One of a group of aristocratic officials composing the advisory and administrative staff of the sultan of Sulu, royal minister. Manga wajil in nagparāgan sin saraꞌ sin sultan. The royal ministers enforced the king’s law. Cf. panggaway1 wakap n. A pause (in reading the Koran), hesitation. Wayruun wakap bang mangadjiꞌ in bataꞌ ini. When this child reads the Koran there is no pause in his reading. *wakap adj. Free for the taking (because given away).    v. ag mag; pat/inst hipag-; goal pag-…-an. To give away (something, esp. the fruit of a coconut tree) to a needy person. Hipagwakap ku in bunga sin niyug ku. I will give away the fruit of my coconut tree to a needy person. OV SYN. sarakka; GENR. dihil wakil n. An agent, representative, deputy, ambassador. Awn piyarā wakil dayn ha hulaꞌ Arab pa Lupaꞌ Sūg. There was an agent sent from the Arab state to Jolo.    v. ag mag-; pat -un, ka-…-an. (For an official) to assign, appoint, send (someone) as his representative or agent, to delegate (an assignment to someone else). Mayul na in magwakil ha tau amu in piyangandulan magnakuraꞌ sin paghinang sin upis. The mayor is the one who will appoint a person who is trusted to head the work of the office. Hi Panglima Ussam in kiyawakilan sumukat sin ungsud. Headman Ussam was sent as a representative to tell the bride price requirements. Cf. pīꞌ 1, daak

waktu n. Time, a fixed time. Lisag unum sin mahapun in waktu sin pagbubukaꞌ. Six o’clock in the afternoon is the time of the evening meal that breaks the fast. walaꞌ adv. (Negative) not (negates begun aspect of verbs and the existential awn). Walaꞌ siya dī sin pagdatung ku. He was not here when I arrived. SYN. way 2; ANT. awn wali n. Permission (to marry) granted by the bride’s parents. Bang diꞌ karihilan wali diꞌ makakawin in usug. If the man is not given permission by the bride’s parents then he can’t marry the girl. walnaꞌ (var. warnaꞌ) n. Color. Unu in walnaꞌ sin badjuꞌ niya? What’s the color of her dress? walu adj. Eight. Walu tahun in umul niya. He is eight years old. (See umbul for table.) wanni n. A spieces of mango, very odorous and green when ripe. Mangifera odorata (See Appendix 5: Plants) *wapat v. pat ma-; ran ka-…-an. To die, expire, pass away (of nobility [except kings], prophets, people who have made or are making the pilgrimage to Mecca, and people believed to be descended from the prophet Muhammad [salip]). Nawapat na hi Datuꞌ Jamaluddin. Datu Jamaluddin has passed away. Kiyawapatan sila ha paghadjiꞌ nila pa Makka. When they were on the pilgrimage to Mecca one of their group died.    n. kawapat Death (of one of the above group of people). Ini in kissa pasal sin kawapat sin Nabi Muhammad. This is the story that relates about the death of the Prophet Muhammad. Cf. patay 1, *lindung, *maruhum waris n. Maternal kinfolk (a kinship term referring to the female parent of ego and the consanguinal kin of the female parent). In waris diꞌ makapagbayaꞌ sumukat sin ungsud sin anak mu. The maternal kinfolk cannot exercise control over the setting of the bride price for your daughter. Cf. usba, usba-waris, lahasiyaꞌ1 1, kampung *wati v. ag mag-. {Archaic} To copulate, have sexual intercourse. Dusa in magwati bang way labay kawin. It is a sin to have sexual intercourse without passing marriage.    n. pagwati The act of copulation, sexual intercourse. In pagwati bukun halal bang bukun in tau

magtiyaun. Sexual intercourse is not permissible unless the people involved are married. Cf. *iyut, jina, *kapkap way 1 adv. Negative existential, none, not, there isn’t, there aren’t. Way makahinang ha yan bang bukun ikaw. None but you can do that. Way siya dī. He is not here. Way bugas dī. There isn’t any rice here. 2 adv. (Negative) not (negates begun aspect of verbs and the existential awn). Way kami nagdā sīn. We didn’t bring any money. SYN. walaꞌ way atay adj. Ungrateful. In tau way atay way sipug niya. An ungrateful person is shameless. (See atay for table.) wayang (var. of *uwayang) v To cry out loudly. wayruun (from way + duun) adv. Negative existential (see way). Wayruun bagay ku dī. I have no friends here. Cf. way 1

Tausug Dictionary © 2018 SIL International® © 2013 - 2020 SIL International®

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Tausug-English Dictionary: Kabtangan Iban Maana

Tausug - English a

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d

g

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j

k

l

m

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y yadtu (var. yattu; yatun) 1 adj. That (relatively far from speaker and hearer), out of sight, remote. Ha adlaw yadtu piyatawag sin sultan in manga īpun niya. On that day the Sultan sent for his slaves to come. adv. There, far, out of sight. Yadtu in bāy niya ha gimba. His house is there in the interior. Cf.: ini, yari, yan, yaun. 2 adj. (Of people) deceased, late. Bisitahun ku in kubul hi amaꞌ yadtu. I will visit the grave of my late father. Yahudi n. A Jew. In manga Yahudi amu in tau Israil. The Jews are the people of Israel. Cf. Almasihin

Almasi, Muslim *yakin v. ag mag-. To look forward to, hope for, wait for, expect (something). Walaꞌ aku nagyakin sin mabuhiꞌ pa siya sin sakit niya. I didn’t expect him to live after that sickness. Ayaw na kaw magyakin sin magbalik pa siya kaymu. Don’t hope for him to come back to you. Cf. huwat-huwat *huwat yakut n. Garnet, ruby, any red gem. Malingkat isab in palmata sin singsing mu yan yakut. The ruby stone in your ring is beautiful. Nagkikinaw-kinaw na in lima niya sin singsing niya yakut. Her hand is shining because of her red gem ring. yan adj. That (near the hearer), near in future time. Diꞌ aku mabayaꞌ sin būk yan. I don’t want that book. Ha Sabtuꞌ yan dāhun ta kamu mayguꞌ. This coming Saturday I’ll take you swimming.    adv. There (near hearer), within sight. Yan na in tau. There is the man. Cf. ini, yari, yaun, yadtu 1 yari adj. This (close to the speaker). Yari in kabayaan ku. This is the one I want. Cf. ini    adv. Here. Na yari na kaw! So you’re here. Yari ka hi amaꞌ mu? Is your father here? Cf. yan yatim n. A child that is orphaned of both parents. Hangkan in bataꞌ yan tiyawag yatim, pasal way na inaꞌamaꞌ niya. That’s why that child is called orphaned of both parents, because he has no mother or father any longer. OV SYN. ilu yaun adj. That (relatively equidistant from speaker and hearer, further away than yan, not as far as yadtu; indicates past time). Kāa in būk yaun. Get that book. Ha adlaw da yaun nagsuntuk da sila. On that very day (past) they also socked each other.    adv. There (relatively equidistant from speaker and hearer), at the destination. Yaun siya ha bāy. He is there at the house. Cf. ini, yari, yan, yadtu 1 yundul (var. of undul) n Result, outcome.

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© 2013 - 2020 SIL International®

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