Opera omnia

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CORPVS CHRISTIANORVM Series Latina

CXIV

CORPVS CHRISTIANORVM Series Latina

CXIV

EVGENII TOLETANI OPERA OMNIA

TURNHOUT BKEPOLS 05 PUBLIShERS 2005

EVGENII TOLETANI OPERA OMNIA

cura et studio

Paulo Farmhouse Alberto

TURNHOUT BREPOLS ffl PUBLIShERS 2005

B& bo £76>

CORPVS CHRISTIANORVM Series Latina in Abbatia Sancti Petri SteenbrvgensI a reuerendissimo Domino Eligio Dekkers fundata nunc sub auspiciis Vniuersitatum Universiteit Antwerpen Vr1je Universiteit Brussel Universiteit Gent Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Universite Catholique de Louvain edita

editionibus curandis praesunt Fernand Bossier Rita Beyers Georges Declercq Luc De Coninck Albert Derolez Jean Goossens Mathijs Lamberigts Paul Tombeur Marc Van Uytfanghe Paul Verdeyen parandis operant dant Luc Jocque Roland Demeulenaere Bart Janssens Christine Vande Veirf

This book has been printed on paper according to the prevailing ISO-NORMS. © 2006 BKEPOLS ffl PUBLISHERS (Turnhout - Belgium) All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher.

D. M. VICTORIS IOHANNIS VIEIRA JABOUILLE DEDICATVM

Amicitia res plurimas continet. Neque ego nunc de uulgari aut de mediocri, quae tamen ipsa et delectat et prodest, sed de uera et perfecta loquor, qualis eorum qui pauci nominantur fuit. Nam et secundas res splendidiores facit amicitia et aduersas partiens communicansque leuiores. M. Tullius Cicero, De amicitia. 22

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Centesimo anno post praestantissimam editionem a Vollmer curatam Eugenii Toletani opera omnia (carmina, poemata dracontiana et epistolas) in lucem edimus. Almost twelve years have elapsed since that day when Prof. Manuel C. Diaz y Diaz suggested I should direct my Ph.D. thesis towards a literary commentary on the poems of Eugenius of Toledo. As soon as I completed my dis sertation, I realised that I would have to dedicate my efforts to a new edition of the most important seventh-century Visigothic poet, since it was generally agreed that it was necessary to replace the old work of Friedrich Vollmer of 1905, the only available edi tion hitherto. A good number of manuscripts unknown to Voll mer have been identified so far and had to be taken into consid eration ; we have today a much better knowledge of the textual tradition of Eugenius' poems, of the manuscripts and their circu lation, as well as new methodologies and new approaches. Fi nally, Vollmer's apparatus is often inaccurate, and sometimes very defective: he simply ignored many readings offered by the manu scripts; several times he gives wrong variants and encumbers the apparatus with useless and meaningless material. In the present edition I propose more than two dozen emendations to the text, generally due to a better and a complete collation of the whole body of manuscripts known at present - I have spent the last years travelling all over Europe, with many stays in the indispensable IRHT, as well as in libraries examining manuscripts in Paris, Lon don, Rome, Bruxelles, Madrid, Leon, St. Gallen, Munchen, Berlin, Laon, Montecassino, among many others -, the contribution of new witnesses, and a new understanding of the textual tradition. And nevertheless, I am conscious that my work is no more than a starting point for further approaches and studies. It would be very difficult to enumerate all those who have con tributed towards the completion of this book. I have been ex tremely fortunate in being able to count on several eminent schol ars who provided me with precious help and judicious advice. First, I must record my gratitude to Prof. Manuel C. Diaz y Diaz, who helped me with his immense knowledge of the subject and with warm support for my project. By evoking this distinguished scholar I also acknowledge my friends in Santiago of Compos

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

tela. I would also like to pay tribute to Aires A. Nascimento, who always provided me with his kind assistance. My particular gratitude goes to Veronika von Biiren, who taught me so much about manuscripts, textual tradition, mediaeval cul ture, and helped me to bring into play accuracy and precision in dealing with such issues. Without her unfailing support, this vol ume would never have been achieved. But I am especially grate ful for the critical attitude she taught me in regard to any kind of knowledge built by human beings. It is a great pleasure to thank Charles Burnett, who assisted me with his criticism and suggestions. I must also register my thanks to so many scholars, namely Carmen Codoner, Louis Holtz, James Diggle, Michael D. Reeve, Paolo Fedeli, Jose Maria Fernandez Caton - just to enumerate a few names -, who since the begin ning encouraged me, and helped me, in pursuing this work. I am also grateful to my colleagues at the University of Lisbon, who patiently lived with my tedious and endless conversations on Eugenius: Frederico Lourenco, whose help was indispensable, Rodrigo Furtado, Abel Pena, Ana Maria Tarrio. And I must not forget Brepols Publishers, particularly Luc Jocque, with his en lightening suggestions and assistance. My last words must be addressed to my dear friend and col league Victor Jabouille, a faithful companion for the last fifteen years, whom Fate called - far too earlyI - from earthly life. He was not a Latinist nor was he particularly fond of textual criticism and manuscript tradition; instead, he was interested in myth, Greek Literature, and Classical culture. But he taught me all I know about the academic world, and many things about life. And especially he taught me, with his proverbial irony, unforget table smile and twinkling blue eyes, that the most important thing of all - including textual tradition and manuscripts and whatever humans can create - is friendship, and the most precious thing we can have is to be among friends, laughing, drinking wine and enjoying life. In this I shall always be indebted to him.

ABBREVIATIONS AH ,il.

BHL Bischoff, Katalog

CGL CIA

CLE

CPL

CSLMA Gall

CSEL

CCCM CCSL CSM

Diaz

Analecta bymnica medii aevi - hrsg. G. M. Dreves - C. Blume, 55 vol., Leipzig, 1886-1922. Antbologia Latina sine Poesis Latinae supplementum - ed. F. Biicheler - A. Riese (Bibliotbeca Teubneriana), editio altera, 2 vol., Leipzig, 1894-1906, Bibliotheca Hagiograpbica Latina (Subsidia bagiograpbica, 6, 12, 70), Bruxelles, 1898-1986, B. Bischoff, Katalog der festldndiscben Handscbriften des neunten Jabrbunderts (mil Ausnabme der wisigoliscberi). I. Aacben-Lambacb; II. LaonPaderborn (Verqffentlicbungen der Kommissionfur die Herausgabe der mittelalterlicben Bibliotbekskataloge Deutscblands und der Scbweiz), Wies baden, 1998-2004. G. Goetz, Corpus Glossariorum Latinorum {Biblio tbeca Teubneriana), 7 vol., Leipzig, 1888-1923. E. A. Lowe, Codices Latini Antiquiores: a palaeograpbical guide to Latin manuscripts prior to tbe nintb century, 11 vol., Oxford, 1934-1966; 1971 (Sup plement), Antbologia Latina II. Carmina latina epigrapbicaed. F. Biicheler - A. Riese - E. Lommatzch (Biblio tbeca Teubneriana), 3 vol., Leipzig, 1897-1926, E. Dekkers, Clavis Patrum Latinorum. Editio tertia. aucta et emendata (Corpus Cbristianorum. Series latina), Steenbrugis, 1995, Clavis Scriptorum Latinorum Medii Aevi Auctores Galliae. I-II (735-987) - ed. M.-H. Jullien - F. Perelman (Corpus Cbristianorum. Continuatio mediaevalis), Turnhout, 1994-1999, Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum Latinorum, editum consilio et auctoritate Instituti Academiae Litterarum Caesareae Vindobonensis, Wien, 1886-. Corpus Cbristianorum. Continuatio Mediaei.alis, Turnhout. Corpus Christianorum. Series Latina, Turnhout. Corpus Scriptorum Muzarabicorum - ed. J. Gil (Manuales y anejos de "Emerita", 28), 2 vol., Madrid, 1973M. C. DIaz y D(az, Index scriptorum latinorum Medii Aevi Hispanorum, Madrid, 1959,

10

GL

ICERV

IHC

MGH Auct. ant. Conc. Epp. Poetae Scr. Munk Olsen, L Etude

ABBREVIATIONS H. Keil, Grammatici Latini (Bibliotbeca Teubneriana), 7 vol., Leipzig, 1857-1880 (repr. Hildesheim, 1961). J. V1ves, Inscripciones cristianas de la Espana Ro mana y Visigoda (Biblioteca bistorica de la Biblioteca Balmes. ser. II, vol. 18. Monumenta Hispaniae sacra. Serie patristica, 2), 2a edicion, Barcelona, 1969, Inscriptiones Hispaniae Cbristianae - ed. E. Hubner, Berlin, 1871; 1900 (Supplementum) (reimpr. Hildesheim, 1975). Monumenta Germaniae Historica Auctores Antiquissimi Concilia Epistulae Poetae Latini Aevi Carolini Scriptores B. Munk Olsen, L'etude des auteurs classiques latins aux xf et xif siecles, I: Catalogue des manuscrits classiques latins copies du ixc au xif siecle: ApiciusJuvenal; II: Catalogue des manuscrits classiques latins copies du ixc' au xif siecle: LMus-Vitruvius;

PL PLM PLS RIl

SC Scballer

Florileges- essais deplume; III-1: Les classiques dans les bibliotbeques mediet'ales; III-2; Addenda et cor rigenda - Tables (Documents, etudes et repertoires publies par I'lnstitut de Recbercbe et d'Histoire des Textes), Paris, 1982-1989, Patrologiae cursus completus. Series latina - ed. J.-P. Migne, Paris, 1844-1855; 1862-1865, Poetae latini minores - ed. E. Baehrens (Bibliotbeca Teubneriana), 5 vol., Leipzig, 1879-1883. Patrologiae cursus completus. Series Latina. Supplementum - ed. A. Hamman, 5 vol., Paris, 1958-1974, U. Chevalier, Repertorium Hymnologicum: Cata logue de cbants, bymnes, proses, sequences, tropes en usage dans I'eglise latine depuis les origines jusqu'd nos jours (Suhsidia bagiograpbica, 4), 6 vol., Louvain, 1892-1921; Bn1xelles, 1920-1921. Sources Cbretiennes, Paris. D. Schaller - E. KOnsgen -J. Tagliabue, Initia carminum Latinorum saeculo undecimo antiquiorum. Bibliograpbiscbes Repertorium fur die lateinische Dicbtung der Antike und des friiberen Mittelalters. Gottigen, 1977.

ABBREVIATIONS Waltber

Waltber, sent.

H. Walther, Initia carminum ac versuum Medii Aevi posterioris latinorum. Alpbabetiscbes Verzeicbnis der Versanfdnge mittellateiniscber Dicbtungen (Carmina Medii Aevi posterioris Latina, i), Gottingen, 1959, H. Walther - P. G. Schmidt, Proverbia sententiaeque Latinitatis medii ac recentioris aevi = Lateiniscbe Spricbworter und Sentenzen des Mittelalters und der frtiben Neuzeit in alpbabetiscber Anordnung (Carmina Medii Aevi posterioris Latina, 2/79), Gottingen, 1963-1986,

GENERAL INTRODUCTION I. EUGENIUS OF TOLEDO 1. Life

The most important source for Eugenius' biography is Ildefonsus of Toledo's De uiris illustribus, composed just a few years after the poet's death'. According to Ildefonsus, Eugenius was a distin guished cleric in Toledo, when he was forced to take refuge in Zaragoza2; there, he remained at the monastery close to the sepulchrum of the Eighteen Martyrs, whose abbot was John, Braulio's brother, to whom Eugenius dedicated a few poems3; sometime later he became archdeacon at St Vincent's church4; in 646 Euge nius returned to the urbs regia, where he was nominated bishop by King Chindasuinth5; he remained there until his death, in 657, and was buried in St Leocadia's church, Toledo.

' Ild. Tol., uir. 13 (p. 132-134). On Eugenius, see L. A. Garc1a Moreno, Prosopografia del reino visigodo de Toledo (Acta Salmanticensia. Filosofia y Letras, 77), Salamanca, 1974, p. 117-118, no. 248; F. Brunholzl, Gescbicbte der lateiniscben Literatur des Mittelalters. Erster Band: Von Cassiodor bis zum Ausklang der karolingiscben Erneuerung, Miinchen, 1975, p. 95-99; 522; R. Collins, Early Medieval Spain. Unity and Diversity, 400-1000. New York, 1983 2, p. 72-75; A. Ferre1ro, Tbe Visigotbs in Gaul and Spain. A.D. 418-711. A bibliograpby, Leiden, 1988, p. 279-282. 2 It is difficult to assess what Ildefonsus meant by sagacifuga. referring to Eugenius' departure from Toledo. It could be a topos, not necessarily mak ing Eugenius a political refugee (see Greg. M., moral, epist. 1. p. 2, 37-39; ad illorum quippe consortium uelut ad tutissimi portus sinum terreni actus uolumina fluctusque fugiebam). Ildefonsus uses the same expression in regard to Heladius (Ild. Tol., uir. 6, p. 124, 12). ' Carm. 8, 21 and 70. Eugenius also wrote a poem on the church of St Engratia and the Eighteen Martyrs (carm. 9). John was bishop of Zaragoza be tween 619 and 631; when he died, his brother Braulio succeded him. 4 Bravl. Cafsaravg., ep. Chind II (p. 136, 5-9); also Ch1dasv., ep. Braul (p. 134, 29). Eugenius is also designated as diaconus in the dedicatory letter of the Vita s. Aemiliani addressed by Braulio to Fronimian (ep. Frunim. I, p. 6, 12-14). Eugenius wrote a poem on St Vincent's church (carm. 10). ' The relationship between the poet and King Chindasuinth has been a debated question. See E. A. Thompson, The Goths in Spain, Oxford, 1969,

14

GENERAL INTRODUCTION

The general picture outlined by Ildefonsus is consistent with the evidence provided by Eugenius' poetry. Several pieces are in deed related to Zaragoza, some others to Toledo, namely in the 640s and 650s. We may infer that he maintained a close link to the royal house, as illustrated, for instance, by several circumstantial pieces and by the dedication of his edition of Dracontius to King Chindasuinth (regn. 642-653), and to aristocratic members of the officium palatinum6 and other influential Hispano-Roman fami lies, such as that of Braulio, bishop of Zaragoza (631-651)7. His stay in Zaragoza and the return to Toledo are confirmed by Braulio's correspondence8. Unfortunately, Ildefonsus does not allude to his literary background, nor to where he received his training and education. We have no information about his family, except that it was from Toledo9.

p. 189-199; H.-J. Diesner, Politik und Ideologie im Westgotenreicb von Toledo: Chindasvind (Sitzungsbericbte der Sdcbsischen Akademie der Wissenscbaften zu Leipzig, 121. 2), Berlin. 1979, and Eugenius II von Toledo im Konflikt zwischen Demut und Gewissen', in Pietas. Festschriftfiir Bernbard Kotting hrsg. E. Dassmann - K. Suso Frank (Jabrbucb fur Antike und Cbristentum. Ergdnzungsband 8), Munster, 1980, p. 472-480; B. Saitta, L' antisemitismo nella Spagna visigotica (Studia Historica, 130), Roma, 1995, p. 61-64. Euge nius' nomination as bishop of Toledo was against Braulio's will, who pre ferred that he remained in Zaragoza: see Bravl. Caesaravg., ep. Chind lip. 132); ep. Cbind //(p. 136); Chindasv., ep. Braul (p. 134). Furthermore, Ilde fonsus' words suggest some underlying hostility against the king (uir. 13, p. 132, 5-6: unde principali uiolentia reductus atque in pontificatum adscitus), although this might also be a topic (e.g., Ivl. Tol., elog Ildepb. p. 13: principali post baec uiolentia Toletum reducitur, ataue inibi post decessoris sui obitum pontifex subrogatur). 6 See carm. 12 and 27-29. 7 As for the pieces addressed to John of Zaragoza. see n. 3; carm. 22 and 23 refer to Basilla, presumably Braulio's sister; the former was written on behalf of their alleged sister Pomponia. Carm. 11 concerns San Millan de la Cogolla: at that time, the abbot was Fronimian. apparently Braulio's brother. 8 Bravl. Caesaravg., ep. Cbind I and //.. ep. Eug.: Chindasv.. ep. Braul (p. 132-146), Evg. Tol., ep. Braul, all datable to 646; as bishop of Toledo. Eugenius signed four councils, all of them held in Toledo: vn (646). vm (653). 1x (655) and x (656). 9 Chindasv., ep. Braul (p. 134. 18-19).

GENERAL INTRODUCTION

15

2. Writings

a. The 'libellus diuersi carminis metro' Eugenius of Toledo composed a 'book of poetry' covering a significant variety of genres and themes, and presenting a consid erable diversity of metres'0. The complete text has not come down to us, but both the most important Carolingian anthologies and the ninth-century Spanish manuscripts offer similar sequences of poems, which, in some cases, fill each other's gaps. We have therefore an overview of the original contents, although several points remain unsolved". The libellus opened with a poetic preface, similarly to the edition of Dracontius. Then, there was an introductory oratio (carm. 1), pieces on the human condition, such as on illness and old age (2-5, 13-15). epigrams against vices (6 and 7), poems on churches (9-12) and a series of epitaphs composed on different occasions (16-29). The sequence from here on is less easy to reconstruct. The libellus might have offered the charming De Philomela (30-33) - a highly debated point - and didactic pieces like those on biblical themes, such as the Days of the Creation (37) and the Ten Plagues of Egypt (38). Afterwards, it might have contained a number of short poems, such as school pieces (39-42), series of verses on birds and minerals (44-62), and presumably sequences of epi grams on objects in the royal house (65-69). Several occasional poems, like De iurgio quod accidit (35) and the verses on summer (101), may also have been included in the second part of the book. A poem entitled Conclusio (carm. 76), a prayer asking God to support the king, which might have represented the last poem ei ther of the book or of a section, is preserved in a Spanish ninth-

'0 Ild. Tol., uir. 13 (p. 134, 14-15): scripsit et duos libellos, unum diuersi carminis metro. We have evidence of a book of poetry composed by Julian of Toledo: see Felix Tol., Vita lul. datable to around 693-694 (coI. 449; item librum carminum diuersorum. in quo sunt bymni epitapbia atque de diuersis causis epigrammata numerosa). lldefonsus published a volume of prose and verse: Ivl. Tol., elog. Ildepb (p. 14): ulterioris denique partis liber est quartus, uersibus prosaque concretus, in quo epitapbia et quaedam sunt epi grammata aeque adnotata. " This issue was dealt with for the first time by Friedrich Vollmer in DIe Gedichtsammlung des Eugenius von Toledo', Neues Archiv, 26 (1901), p. 393409; see also G. Bernt, Das lateiniscbe Epigramm im Obergang von der Spdtantike zumfruhen Mittelalter (Muncbener Beitrdge zur Medidvistik und Renaissance-Forschung, 2), Miinchen, 1968, p. 137-146,

16

GENERAL INTRODUCTION

century manuscript (Madrid 10029). If this poem was intended to close the volume, Eugenius' 'book of poetry' would be consistent with other examples in late Antiquity. Prudentius' book, for in stance, comprises an autobiographical Praefatio describing the poet's underlying motivations and the contents of the volume, and an Epilogus, in which the poet offers his work to God. The latest datable epitaph allows us to infer that the final ver sion of Eugenius' book was produced after September 653, when King Chindasuinth died (carm. 25). Some pieces may allude to the rebellion of Froia in late 653'2: carm. 20 is a hymn describing a situation of war, with vocabulary, images and tone similar to Taio's description of the attack of Froia on Zaragoza'3; carm. 36 may celebrate the return of peace after a period of war, and ex pressly mentions the refugi, a term describing the armed opposi tion in the time of Chindasuinth and Reccesuinth (regn. 6496j2)'*. On the other hand, Vollmer had already drawn attention to the fact that the sequence of epitaphs follows a chronological order'5: John of Zaragoza died in 631 (carm. 21); Basila in 633/634 (carm. 22-23); King Chindasuinth in 653 (carm. 25); Queen Recciberga after 649 (carm. 26)'6; the date of Nicolaus' death (carm. 27-29) is unknown. Therefore, we may infer that the pieces were

'' Taio, sent, praef (coI. 727-730); Thompson, Tbe Gotbs in Spain, p. 199201; GargIa MoRENo, Prosopografia del reino visigodo de Toledo, p. 50, no. 62; P. F. Alberto, 'Three historical notes on Eugenius of Toledo's Carmina', in Poesia Latina Medieval (Siglos v-xv). Actas del IV Congreso del -Interna tionales Mittellateinerkomitee », Santiago de Compostela, 12-1j de septiembre de 2002 - ed. M. C. Diaz y DIaz - J. M. Diaz de Bustamante, Firenze, 2005, p. 109-122.

" Ta1o, sent, praef 2 (coI. 727). '4 Thompson, The Goths in Spain, p. 191 and 200-201; see also Lex Visig. 2, 1, 8 (p. 53-57); Concil Tol vn. can. 1 (p. 338-347); F. Dahn, Die Konige der Germanen- Das Wesen des altesten Konigtbums der germanischen Stdmme und seine Geschicbte bis aufdie Feudalzeit. Wurzburg. 1870, V, p. 200. n. 1; M. C D1az v D1az. Noticias historicas en dos himnos liturgicos visigoticos', Los visigodos. Historia y civilizacion (Antigtiedad y Cristianismo. Monografias Historicas sobre la Antigitedad Tardia. 3), Murcia, 1986, p. 448. and Garcia Moreno, Prosopografia del reino visigodo de Toledo, p. 50. n. 2. The term disappeared after Froia's defeat, as pointed out by Thompson, p. 201.

" 'DIe Gedichtsammlung des Eugenius'. p. 404, n. 1. "' Recciberga is named as regina in the poem; if we accept that she was Reccesuinth's wife, the piece must have been written after 20 January of 649, when Chindasuinth associated his son to the royal power, not necessarily af ter Chindasuinth's death; Reccesuinth immediately assumed the title of king (see ICERV 465).

GENERAL INTRODUCTION

17

gathered and published in the last years of the poet's life in To ledo, sometime between 654 and 657, although we should always consider the possibility that several pieces might have been added to the collection of poems as formed by Eugenius by some ad mirer, such as Julian of Toledo himself. b. The edition of Dracontius As early as the second decade of the seventh century, there is evidence of the existence in Spain of an exemplar containing De laudibus dei and Satisfactio, composed by the African poet Blossius Aemilius Dracontius. In his De uiris illustribus, datable to 615618, Isidore of Seville refers to a hexameron creationis mundi'7; and a few quotations were identified in the Etymologies'*. Around the same time (between 611/612 and 620), King Sisebut quotes one verse in a letter to Teudila'9; and a Leon epitaph dated to 630, al though the date may be controversial, transcribes another one20. At the end of the century, we see Dracontius, in Eugenius' ver sion, as a school author: the grammatical texts attributed to the circle of Julian of Toledo incorporated many verses illustrating a number of grammatical issues. Finally, in the late eighth century, " Is1d., uir. 24 (p. 146, 1-2): Dracontius composuit beroicis uersibus Hexa meron creationis mundi, et luculente quidem compositeque scripsit. "* Ism., orig. 6, 9, 1 (= satisf. 63); orig. 12, 2, 37 (= laud dei 1, 515). J. Fon taine, Isidore de Seville et la culture classique dans IEspagne Wisigotique. Paris. 1983', p. 564, n. 4, suggested some reminiscences in Isidore's De natura rerum, datable to late 612 or early 613 (Isid., nat. 18, 6 quemadmodum luna crescente et omnesfluctus, atqueea minuente minuuntur ~ Drac, laud dei 1, 733 qui lunae crescente globo iubet aequora crescant and 1, 736 et minuantur aquae luna minuente liquentes; also satisf. 237-240). " Ep. Teud (p. 19, 75-76). Sisebut quotes Drac. laud dei 1, 130 (see n. 25); other possible echoes are laud dei 1, 243 ~ S1seb. Rex, Vita Des. 13 (p. 61, 7-8). and laud dei 1, 500 ~ S1seb. Rex, ep. Cic. (p. 5, 39-40). 20 CLE. 720 (= ICERV 285): line 12 corresponds to Drac, laud dei 1, 611 (= Evg. Tol., hex. 493). It offers the text possibly before Eugenius' revision: both the earliest witness to the original Dracontius and the inscription present bis instead of hic, as given by manuscripts of Eugenius). The epi taph, already described by Ambrosio de Morales when he visited the mon astery of St Claudius in Leon (Coronica general de Espana..., II. Alcala de Henares - C6rdoba, 1574, f. 119r-v), is lost today. It is dated in 630 (Spanish era 668), but the copy made by M. Risco, Historia de la ciudad y corte de Leon, y de sus reyes. II. Iglesia de Leon y monasterios antiguos y modernos de la misma ciudad Madrid, 1792, p. 93-94, imitating the original presentation, does not appear to reproduce a seventh-century Visigothic epigraph; the date had already been questioned by M. C. D1az y DIaz. Asturias en el siglo vm. La cultura literaria. Oviedo. 2001, p. 38, n. 59.

18

GENERAL INTRODUCTION

it was perhaps used by the author of a cento found in Paris lat. 8093, Part I, f. 15V2'. The most remarkable evidence of the interest in Dracontius' Christian poems in Spain is provided by Eugenius of Toledo. He produced a revised edition, and dedicated it to king Chindasuinth, perhaps between 646, when the poet returned to Toledo after his stay in Zaragoza, and the death of the king in 653. This is a point to which his biographer Ildefonsus pays the greatest attention (uir. 13, p. 134, 17-24)": Libellos quoque Dracontii de creatione mundi conscriptos, quos antiquitas protulerat uitiatos, ea quae inconuenientia reperit, subtrahendo, immutando uel meliora coniciendo, ita in pulchritudinis formam coegit, ut pulchriores de artificio corrigentis quam de manu procesisse uideantur auctoris. Et quia de die septimo idem Dracontius omnimoda reticendo semiplenum opus uisus est reliquisse, iste et sex dierum recapitulationem singulis uersiculis renotauit, et de die septima quae illi uisa sunt, eleganter dicta subiunxit. It is composed of two books. Liberprimus corresponds to laud dei 1, 118-754, i.e. tne long description of the six days of the Cre ation. In Madrid 10029 the explicit of book 1 reads Dracontii liber primus defabrica mundi, which matches with the description of Eugenius' work by Ildefonsus: libellos Dracontii de creatione mundi conscriptos (see Isidore's designation of Dracontius' work, uir. 24, p. 146, 1: hexameron creationis mundi). Liber secundus covers large sections of Dracontius' Satisfactio (220 lines out of presumably 316). It is likely that the exemplar of the African poet in Visigothic Spain contained only these two portions, since no verses outside the above-mentioned parts have been unquestion ably identified so far23. A dedicatory letter and a poetic prologue 2' See p. 295, " Ildefonsus may be quoting Eugenis' dedicatory letter to Chindasuinth (see Evg. Tol., ep. Chind 3-16). " Drac, laud dei - ed. Corsaro, p. 13-14 (considering that Spain only knew an excerpt); this is also the opinion of C. MoussY (Drac, laud dei ed. C. Moussy • C. Camus, p. 105-106). Vollmer expressed the opposite view (Evg. Tol., carm. - ed. Vollmer, p. xxvii). See the cautious opinion of P. La.nglo1s, 'Notes critiques sur l'Hexameron de Dracontius et sa recension par Eugene de Tolede. A propos d'une edition recente de De laudibus Dei', Latomus, 23 (1964). p. 808. In his edition of Isidore' carmina (CC SL. 113A), J. M. Sanchez Martin suggested a few similarities with Dracontius' book 2 and Romulea (e.g. Isid., carm. 4, 5 ~ Drac, laud dei 2, 225; Ism., carm. 12, 1 ~ Drac, laud dei 2. 370; Isid., carm. 22, 2 ~ Drac, Romul 2, 135); they appear to be too superficial to prove their presence in Visigothic Spain.

GENERAL INTRODUCTION

19

precede the text; at the end, the original text was supplemented with a piece of thirty-five verses, entitled Monosticha recapitula tions septem dierum, whose first seven lines are an epigram com posed some years before (carm. yj)'*. The letter addressed to Chindasuinth explains the reasons un derlying such an edition: Clementiae uestrae iussis, serenissime princeps, plus uolendo quam ualendo deseruiens, Dracontii cuiusdam libellos multis hactenus erroribus inuolutos Christo domino tribuente ualorem pro tenuitate mei sensuli subcorrexi, hoc uidelicet moderamine custodito, quo superflua demerem, semiplena supplerem, fracta constabilirem et crebrius repetita mutarem. Versiculos sane quos huic open detrahendos esse putaui, et sensu tepidi et uerbis illepidi et nulla probantur ratione subnixi; nec in eis aliquod reperitur quo lectoris animus aut mulceatur doctus aut doceatur indoctus. It is very hazardous to determine which modifications are due to Eugenius, or whether they were already present in his model. The extremely small body of witnesses to this Hispanic exemplar prior to Eugenius advises us to be cautious25. As the poet says, 24 Evg. Tol., ep. Chind 14-16: in fine libelli ... sexdierum recapitulationem singulis uersiculis, quos olim condidi renotaui *' S1seb. Rex, ep. Tbeud (p. 19, 75-76) provides a good example (Drac. laud dei 1, 130 - Evg. Tol., bex. 13). He shares mutabilis with Eugenius' ver sion, against maculabilis in the original Dracontius, as represented by the best manuscript, Bruxelles 10615-729 (= B). Therefore, the reading was not created by our poet, but it was already circulating in Spain. The anonymous De uitiis liber attributed to Isidore (Basel, Universitatsbibliothek, F III 15c!, f. 1r-9r, s. viii; CIA, VII (1956), no. 847), quotes Drac, satisf. 55-60 = Evg. Tol., satisf 49-54 (Ism. Ivn., uitiis, p. 216, 262-217, 265). The text is related to the version of Eugenius (55=49 cum Drac: dum uitiis Eug.; 56=50 gaudia Drac: optima uitiis Eug.); since the exact date of composition of the treatise is unknown (it was most plausibly used by the author of the ars grammatica attributed to Julian of Toledo), it is uncertain whether it represents the exemplar of Dracontius prior to Eugenius (cfr U. ScwndEl, Zur Datierung des Basler Figurentraktats (cod. lat. F III 15 d)', Gottinger Forum fur Altertumwissenscbaf1, 2 (1999), p. 171-173) or it represents Eugenius' text. On the other hand, Drac, laud dei 1, 285, 327-328, 340, 684, 710, 721 (= Evg. Tol., bex. 169, 211-212, 224, 565, 591, 602) are only given by the Visigothic poet {bex. 155-156 is more problematic). But considering the extremely poor manu script tradition of Dracontius' complete text - there is only one significant manuscript, the above-mentioned B -, it is too hazardous to assume that they were created by Eugenius: for instance, Evg. Tol., hex. 224 (= Drac laud dei 340) is absent from B. but the verse is also given by the ninth-century florilegium C (= Berlin, Phillipps 1824) and by the late eighth-century cento G (= Paris, lat. 8093, f. 15v); it was therefore accepted by the editors as Drac, laud dei 1, 340. In turn, Drac, laud dei 1, 251, 412-413, 661, satisf 5-6, 22-23,

zo

GENERAL INTRODUCTION

the exemplar kept in Toledo was extremely corrupt and difficult to read. In view of this, he followed the philological criteria of his own time, by not refraining from filling in gaps, modifying or eliminating what he considered less appropriate. The quotation of Servius' words, describing the vague principles followed by Varius and Tucca in their revision of the Aeneid'6 - and both names are explicitly mentioned in Eugenius' poetic prologue {hex. praef n) -, suggests his intention to join a philological tradition27. c. Theological and Liturgical Writings According to Ildefonsus, Eugenius composed a work on the Trinity, a popular subject at that time, 'of clear and limpid style which derives from the truth of its contents'. The biographer mentions a curious detail : the text 'could have been quickly sent to the region of Libya and to the East, if the dangerous stormy seas had not caused the frightened travellers to delay the trip'28. 35-36, 51-52, 113-116, 121-130. 133-136, 193-196, 207-208, 217-218 are absent from Eu genius' edition. On this issue, see the remarks of Langlois, 'Notes critiques sur l'Hexameron de Dracontius', p. 811-812. '6 Sekv., uita Verg. (p. 18, 29-19, 33): Augustus uero, ne tantum opus periret, Tuccamet Varium hac lege iussit emendare, ut superflua demerent. nibil adderent tamen: unde et semiplenos eius inuenimus uersiculos. ut hic cursus fuit, et aliquos detractos, ut in principio. " The motivations underlying Eugenius' changes to the original Dracon tius have been a debated issue and remains inconclusive, because our knowl edge of the exemplar used by the poet is very imperfect. C. Weymann, Beitrdge zur Geschicbte der cbristlich-lateiniscben Poesie. Miinchen, 1926, p. 148, suggested that Eugenius intended to expunge from the text expressions which were unsuitable on theological grounds; no examples are given. In stead, Langlo1s, 'Notes critiques sur l'Hexameron de Dracontius'. p. 815-816, proposed 'vulgarization' as a key. but no sound evidence is provided. Nei ther should we accept a total arbitrariness in Eugenius' work, as suggested by F. Vollmer (Evg. Tol., carm. - ed. Vollmer. p. xviii: nec tamen ut ilie summatim correxit quae in manibus babebat, sed ubiubi aiiquid nou intellegabat uel non probabat, sumnta cum licentia mutabat), and A. Hudson-W1luams, Notes on Dracontius'. Classical Quaterly. 40 (1946), p. 92 Cthe irresponsible recension of Eugenius, bishop of Toledo). A thorough analysis of the differ ences between the original Dracontius and Eugenius' edition is in K. Re1nwald, Die Ausgabe des ersten Bucbes der Laudes dei und der Satisfactio des Dracontius durcb Eugenius von Toledo, Speyer, 1913. On this issue, see also E. Provana, 'Blossto Emilio Draconzio. Studio biografico e letterario', Memorie della reale Accademia delle Scienze di Torino. 52 (1912), p. 77-80 and 88. and D. Romano. Studi Draconziani, Palermo, 1959, p, 91-92. 28 Ild. Tol., uir. 13 (p. 134, 11-14): scripsit de Sancta Trinitate libellum et eloquio nitidum et rei ueritate perspicuum, qui Libiae Orientisque partibus

GENERAL INTRODUCTION

21

Even if we want to accept it as an encomiastic topic rather than a truthful statement, it represents Ildefonsus' opinion that Eugenius' work was worthy to participate in the theological debates in Af rica and the East. Eugenius also wrote a libellus in prose 'on a wide variety of subjects'. Ironically, against Ildefonsus' prognos tic, we have no idea of its contents29. It perhaps contained the work from which Julian of Toledo drew the three quotations used in his Prognosticoni0. These quotations suggest that Eugenius, whom Julian explicitly names as his praeceptor}' , was considered an authority on eschatological subjects. He might also have had a part to play in the field of liturgy. Ildefonsus notes that 'he emended cantus damaged by daily use' and 'he tried to give an order to the liturgical rituals, which were becoming forgotten'32. It is plausible that certain prayers from the Feast of St Hippolytus, found in the prayer-book used by the Visigothic liturgy, which was organized possibly by Julian of To ledo around the years 682-683, were written by Eugenius, as sug gested by Baudouin de Gaiffier". In fact, in one of his two sur viving letters, Eugenius assures Protasius of Tarragona that he will produce a missa sancti Hippolyti uel orationes as soon as pos-

mitti quantocius poterat. nisi procellis resultantia freta incertum pauidis iter uiatoribus distulissent. Ildefonsus probably wrote a De trinitate (Ivl. Tol., elog. Ildepb, p. 13). This was one of the main issues dealt with in the Eighth Council of Toledo in 652, chaired by Eugenius, as Cbron. muzar. 21 (p. 24, 5-10) pointed out. " Ild. Tol.. uir. 13 (p. 134, 14-16): scripsit et duos libellos... alium diuersi operis prosa concretos, qui ad multorum industriam eius ex boc tenaciter sanctam ualuerunt commmendare memoriam . '° Ivl. Tol.. progn. 3, 17 (p. 92. 8-93. 12); 3. 24 (p. 98, 26-27); cf. 3. 26 (p. 100, 39-43). In the doctrinal polemic that overwhelmed Spain in the ninth-century, a letter written around 792-793 and attributed to Elipandus of Toledo (Diaz, 415) included Eugenius' name in the list of authorities supporting his points of view (Elip.. ep. episc. 1, p. 82. 9). which may allude, although inaccurately, to his theological production. " See previous note; also FelIx Tol., Vita lul (coI. 445A). " Ild. Tol. uir. 13 (p. 134, 9-10): cantus passiuis usibus uitiatos, melodiae cognitione correxit. officiorum omissos ordines curamque discreuit. " Liber orat. (p. 372-374, no. 1153-1159). See B. de Gaiffier, 'Les Oraisons de I'office de Saint Hippolyte dans le Libellus Orationum de Verone', Revue dAscetique et de Mystique, 25 (= Melanges Marcel Viller). 1949, p. 219-224; see also M. C. DIaz v DIaz. 'El latin de la liturgia hispanica. Notas introductorias', in Estudios sobre la liturgia mozdrabe. Toledo. 1965, p. 63-64. and Literary Aspects of the Visigothic Liturgy', in Visigotbic Spain. New Approaches - ed. E. James, Oxford. 1980. p. 63.

22

GENERAL INTRODUCTION

sibleH. Moreover, a lexical analysis of the prayers, while reveal ing a clear Prudentian influence, shows some resemblances with Eugenius' vocabulary. Eugenius was also asked by Braulio to compose an offlcium for the day of St Aemilian". Most likely, Eugenius composed hymns; but the real extent of his contribution to the Visigothic hymnody is quite controver sial36.

'" See ep. Prot. 25-27. Compare the final hexameter of the Benedictio {Liber orat., p. 374, no. 1159) with Evg. Tol., carm 11, 20. " Bravl. Caesaravg., ep. Frunim. /(p. 6, 12-14): de eadem quoque sollemnitate, ut missa recitaretur communi, iniunxifilio meo Eugenio diacono. See C. H. Lynch - P. Gal1ndo, San Braulio. Obispo de Zaragoza (631-651). Su vida y sus obras. Madrid, 1950. p. 68-69, U. Perfz df Urbel. 'Origen de los himnos mozarabes'. Bulletin Hispanique. 28 (1926). p. 233-234. supports the attribu tion of the offlcium in Liber sacram. (col 603-608) to Eugenius. "' See p. 25,

CONSPECTVS OPERVM DEPERDITORVM ET DVBIORVM

1. Fragmenta (Diaz, 203; CPL, 1238) Ivl. Tol., progn. 3, 17 (p. 92-93): Nam, ut caeteros taceam, egregii praeceptoris nostri Eugenii Toletanae sedis antistitis breuiter hic uerba retexam: resurrectionem, ait, carnis uerissime confitemur, non, ut quidam delirant, ut in aerea uel qualibet alia carne surgamus, sed in hac qua sumus et uiuimus, in qua etiam aut pro recte factis coronam, aut pro male gestis unusquisque merebitur percipere poenam. Ivl. Tol., progn. 3, 24 (p. 98): Quibus ita a praedicto uiro digestis, erit, ut praeceptor noster sacer Eugenius docet, tanta ac talis glorificati corporis pulchritudo, ut et oblectet intuitum, et cor nullatenus inflectat ad uitium. Ivl. Tol., progn. 3, 26 (p. 100): Caeterum plurimorum doctorum euidens definitio, iuxta quod et clara praeceptoris nostri sententia contestatur, hoc astruit: quod in ilia futurae gloria resurrectionis, ubi nulla corporibus sanctis deformitas, nulla quoque doloris aut laboris erit aduersitas, non sit quoque tegminum necessarius usus, quibus erit omnia et in omnibus Christus.

2. Dubia 1. Officium uel orationes s. Aemiliani (Diaz, 639; CPL, 1929) Test. : Bravl. Caesaravg., ep. Frunim. /(p. 6, 12-14): De eadem quoque sollemnitate, ut missa recitaretur communi, iniunxi dilecto filio meo Eugenio diacono. incertum manet fueritne annon officium quod exscriptum est in M. Ferotin, Le liber Mozarabicus sacramentorum et les manmcrits Mozarabes, Paris, 1912, col. 603-608. Cfr U. Perez de Urbel, 'Origen de los himnos mozarabes', Bulletin Hispanique: Annales de la Faculte des Lettres de Bordeaux, 28 (1926), p. 233-234; V. Valcarcel, 'Encargo Braulio de Zaragoza a Eugenio de Toledo que compusiera una misa de San Milan? Para una interpretacion de Vita Emiliani 3, 5-10, Fortunatae, 9 (1997), p. 253-259,

24

CONSPECTVS OPERVM DEPERDITORVM ET DVBIORVM

2. Decretum pro Potamio episcopo (Diaz, 194; CPL, 1237a) 'Assumere poteramus canoram...' Comm. . degenuitate, cfr M. C. DIaz y DfAz, De patristica espanola', Revista Espanola de Teologia, 17 (1957), p. 20-23. Ed: La coleccion canonica Hispana. V. Concilios bispanos: segunda parte- ed. G. Martinez Diez, S.I. - F. Rodr1guez, S.I. (Monumenta Hispaniae sacra. Serie canonica, 5), Madrid, 1992, p. 537-5443. Orationes uel missa s. Hippolyti (Diaz, 334; CPL, 1238a; cfr CPL, 2016) Test. . Evg. Tol., ep. Prot. 25-27: Missam sancti Hippolyti uel orationes, si nobis oratu uestro uita comes adfuerit, ut potuero, pro uestra iussione patrabo; mis sam uero uotiuam ideo non scripsi, quia in hac patria tam accurati sermonis habentur atque sententiae, ut simile non possim excudere, et superfluum iudico inde me aliquid dicere, unde meliores recolo iam dixisse. Comm.: B. Gaiffier, 'Les Oraisons de I'office de Saint Hippolyte dans le Libellus Orationum de Verone', Revue d'ascetique et de mystique. 25 (= Melanges Marcel Villef), 1949, p. 219-224. M. C. DfAz Y DIaz, 'El latin de la liturgia hispanica'. in Estudios sobre la liturgia mozdrahe. Toledo, 1965, p. 63-64. M. C. D1az y DIaz, 'Literary Aspects of the Visigothic Liturgy', in Visigotbic Spain. New Approacbes, edited by E.James, Oxford, 1980, p. 63. U. Perez de Urbel, 'Origen de los himnos mozarabes', Bulletin Hispanique, 28 (1926), p. 233-234. Ed: Oracional Visigotico - ed. Jose Vives - Jeronimo Claveras (Monumenta Hispaniae Sacra. Serie Litiirgica, 1), Barcelona. 1946, p. 372-374, no. 1153-11594. Oratio pro rege (Diaz, 201: genuinam esse putat; CPL, 1236a) 'Oremus pariter toto...' Ed: Pseudo-Eugenio di Toledo. Speculum per un nobile t'isigoto ed. N. Messina, Santiago de Compostela, 1984. p. 47-49, 5, Epitaphion Antoninae (Diaz, 149; CPL, 1240) 'In lacrimis cuncta si possem uertere membra' Comm.: M. C. DfAz y D1az, Anecdota Wisigotbica, I. Estudios y ediciones de textos literarios menores de epoca visigoda (Acta Salmanticerisia. Filosofia y Letras, 12, no. 2). Salamanca, 1958, p. 37-46 (carmen non Eugenianum putat): U. Perez de Urbel, Los

CONSPECTVS OPERVM DEPERDITORVM ET DVBIORVM

25

monjes espanoles en la Edad Media, Madrid, 1933, p. 368, n. 1; J. Madoz, Epistolario de S, Braulio, Madrid, 1941, p. 22. Ed: M. C. D!az y Diaz, Anecdota Wisigotbica, p. 47-48. 6. Versus ecclesiae s. Iohannis, Banos, a. 661 (Diaz, 376) 'Praecursor domini martyr...' Ed: CLE, 322; ICERV, 314 (qui proposuit a. 551); Fl Merobaudis reli quiae, Blossii Aemilii Dracontii carmina, Eugenii Toletani episcopi carmina et epistulae - ed. F. Vollmer (MGH, Auct. ant. XIV), Berlin, 1905, p. 280. 7. Epitaphium coniugale a beato Eugenio editum glorioso domino Reccesuinto regi (Diaz, 234) 'Rex legum, rex imperii...' Ed: Fl Merobaudis reliquiae, Blossii Aemilii Dracontii carmina, Eugenii Toletani episcopi carmina et epistulae - ed. F. Vollmer (MGH, Auct. ant. XIV), Berlin, 1905, p. 281. 8. Hymni Cfr U. Perez de Urbel, 'Origen de los himnos mozarabes', Bulletin Hispanique, 28 (1926), p. 5-21; 113-139; 209-245; 305-320; J. Szoverffy, Iberian bymnody. Survey and Problems (Medieval classics: texts and studies, 1), Wetteren, 1971, p. 33-34. Des. Leucadia (Diaz, 363; AH, 27, p. 213, no. 148; CPL, 1244; Perez, p. 119-120)

'Sanctissimae Leucadiae / solemne festum...' In sacratione basilicae (Diaz, 349; AH, 27, p. 263-264, no. 187; CPL, 1245; Perez, p. 237-238) 'Ecce te Christe tibi cara...' In anniuersario basilicae (Diaz, 344; AH, 27, p. 265, no. 189; CPL, 1246; Perez, p. 237-238) 'Christe, cunctorum dominator alme...' De ss. Iusto et Pastore (Diaz, 357; AH, 27, p. 210-211, no. 146; Perez, p. 219-220)

'O Dei perenne uerbum...' De s. Hippolyto (Diaz, 339; AH, 27, p. 183-184, no. 127; CPL, 1243; Perez, p. 220-221)

'Adsunt, o populi, festa celebria...' Hymni de purificatione Mariae CFit porta Christi peruia...'; Diaz, 350; AH, 27, p. 117-118, no. 82; CPL, 1241) et De ss. Adriano et Natalicia (Hierusalem gloriosa mater...': AH, 27, p. 122-124, no- 8('; CPL, 1242) dubii an hispani.

26

CONSPECTVS OPERVM DEPERDITORVM ET DVBIORVM

9. Carmina dubia et spuria Vide I. Mach1elsen, Clavis Patristica Pseudepigrapborum Medii Aeti. II.B. Ascetica. Monastica (CCSL), Turnhout, 1994, no. 32703319; Diaz, 236, 237, 234, 312, 313; CPL, 1239, Ed : Fl Merobaudis reliquiae, Blossii Aemilii Dracontii carmina, Eugenii Toletani episcopi carmina et epistulae - ed. F. Vollmer (MGH, Auct. ant. XIV), Berlin, 1905, p. 271-282; Pseudo-Eugenio di Toledo, Speculum per un nobile insigoto - ed. N. Messina, San tiago de Compostela, 1984.

3. Deperdita 1. Liber de sancta Trinitate Test. : Ild. Tol., uir. 13 (p. 134, 11-14): Scripsit de Sancta Trinitate libellum et eloquio nitidum et rei ueritate perspicuum, qui Libiae Orientisque partibus mitti quantocius poterat, nisi procellis resultantia freta incertum pauidis iter uiatoribus distulissent. 2. Libellus diuersi operis prosa Test.: Ild. Tol, uir. 13 (p. 134, 14-16): Scripsit et duos libellos, unum diuersi carminis metro, alium diuersi operis prosa concretos, qui ad multorum industriam eius ex hoc tenaciter sanctam ualuerunt commmendare memoriam. Cfr:

(i) inuentarium librorum a. 882 in Escorialensi R. II. 18, f. 95r: liber ex diuersis opusculis beati Eugenii (ii) libros Cixilianos monasterio ss. Cosmae et Damiani oblatos, a. 927, in 'Tumbo de Leon', f. 384v-386r: diuersos libellos domni Eugenii liber I - ed. E. Saez, Coleccion Documental del Arcbivo de la Catedral de Leon (^-1230). I (775-952) («Fuentes y Estudios de Historia Leonesa». 41), Leon, 1987, no. 75, p. 124-128 (p. 126).

3. Officia et liturgica opera uaria Test. . Ild. Tol., uir. 13 (p. 134, 9-10): Cantus passiuis usibus uitiatos melodiae cognitione correxit, officiorum omissos ordines curamque discreuit. Comm.: D. de Bruyne, 'De l'origine de quelques textes liturgiques mozarabes', Revue Benedictine. 30 (1913), p. 423.

SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY ON EUGENIUS OF TOLEDO P. F. Alberto, 'Notes on Eugenius of Toledo'. Classical Quarterly, 49, 1 (1999), p. 304-3I4—, 'The text of the Hexameron and the Libellus of Eugenius of Toledo in the Time of Charlemagne', Eupbrosyne, 26 (1998), p. 177-189, —, Aspectos de la circulacion de textos poeticos visigoticos en el periodo carolingio: el caso de Eugenio de Toledo', in Actas del II Congreso Hispdnico de Latin Medieval (Leon, n-14 de Noviembre de 1997), I - coord. M. Perez Gonzalez, Leon, 1998, p. 195-200. —, 'Eugenius of Toledo's Poetry in Leon and Asturias in the Eleventh Century', in Latin Culture in tbe Eleventb Century. Proceedings of Tbird International Conference on Medieval Latin Studies, Cambridge, 9-12 September 1998 - ed. M. W. Herren - C. J. McDonough - R. G. Arthur (Publications of tbe Journal of Medieval Latin, 5), Turnhout, 2002, p. 16-28. —, 'Los prefacios en verso de Eugenio de Toledo: algunas lineas programaticas de la poesia visigotica', in Actas del III Congreso Hispdnico de Latin Medieval (26-29 de Septiembre de 2001) - ed. M. Perez Gonzalez, Leon, 2003, p. 247-256, —, 'Originality and Poetic Tradition in Visigothic Spain: the Summer ac cording to Eugenius of Toledo', Eupbrosyne, 31 (2003), p. 349-356, —, 'Eugenius Toletanus Archiepiscopus', in La trasmissione dei testi latini del Medioevo - a cura di P. Chiesa - L. Castaldi (Te.Tra. 1; Millen nio medievale. Strumenti e studi, N.S. 8), Firenze, 2004, p. 97-117. —, The Anthology of Eugenius of Toledo's Poems in Leon, fragm. 8: A Reconstruction', Aevum, 78 (2004), p. 259-275, —, 'Un poema de Eugenio de Toledo sobre los inventores del alfabeto en Leon, Archivo de la Catedral./ra^w. 8 (carm. 40 Vollmer)', in Escritos dedicados a Jose Maria Fernandez Caton (Fuentesy estudios de bistoria leonesa, 100) Leon, 2004, p. 29-39, —, Three historical notes on Eugenius of Toledo's Carmina' , in Poesia Latina Medieval (Siglos v-xv). Adas del IV Congreso del « Internation ales Mittellateinerkomitee», Santiago de Compostela, 12-1S de septiem bre de 2002 - ed. M. C. Diaz y Diaz -J. M. Diaz de Bustamante, Firenze, 2005, p. 109-122.

L. AlfonsI, 'Sulla 'Satisfactio' di Draconzio', Giornale italiano difilologia, 13 (i960), p. 351-355, N. Avtonio, Bibliotbeca Hispana Vetus, I, Roma, 1696, p. 282. G. Bernt, Das lateiniscbe Epigramm im Ubergang von der Spdtantike zum fruben Mittelalter (Muncbener Beitrdge zur Medidvistik und Renaissance-Forscbung, 2), Miinchen, 1968, p. 137-146, S. Blomgren, 'In Dracontii carmina adnotationes criticae', Eranos, 64 (1966), p. 46-66,

28

SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY

F. BrunhOlzl, Gescbicbte der lateiniscben Literatur des Mittelalters, I: Von Cassiodor bis zum Ausklang der karolingiscben Erneuerung, Munchen, 1975, p. 95-99; 522. F. Chatillon, 'Dracontiana', Revue du Moyen Age latin, 8 (1952), p. 177212.

C. Codoner, 'The Poetry of Eugenins of Toledo', in Papers of tbe Liver pool Latin Seminar, III - ed. F. Cairns (ARCA: Classical and Medieval Texts, Papers and Monograpbs, 7), Liverpool, 1981, p. 323-342. —, 'Los escritores hispanos cristianos', in Historia de Espana - fundada por M. Pidal, dirigida por J. M. Jover Zamora, II: Espana romana (218 a. deJ.C - 414 deJ.C), 2: La sociedad, el derecho, la cultura, Madrid, 1982, p. 523-555—, 'Literatura hispano-latina tardia', in Unidad y pluralidad en el mundo antiguo. Actas del M Congreso Espanol de Estudios Cldsicos, Madrid, 1983, p. 435-465—, 'El poema 41 de Eugenio de Toledo', in Bivium. Homenaje a M C Diaz y Diaz, Madrid, 1983, p. 49-54. R. Collins, Early Medieval Spain. Unity and Diversity, 400-1000, New York, 1983 (2nd ed.), p. 72-75, J. Correa - J. Pereira, 'Sobre dos inscripciones halladas en Gerena (Sevilla)', Habis, 3 (1972), p. 325-329, P. T. J. Cubeddu, Eugenio da Toledo, Carmina. Introduzione e traduzione, Sassari, 1983. —, Eugenii Toletani episcopi Dubia et Spuria. Introduzione e traduzione, Sassari, 1984. —, Eugenio vescovo di Toledo nella Spania medievale, Sassari, 1984. P. CugusI, 'Alcuni doppioni' epigraphici metrici. A proposito di Vives 5082; CLE 1810; CIL vii1 2524; CLE 2042'. Annali della Eacoltd di lettere e filosofia deil'Universitd di Cagliari, 3 (1980-1981), p. 11-19, —, 'Ancora su un recente carmen epigrapbicum di S. Antioco (Sulci)', Epigrapbica, 43 (1981), p. 115-117. M. C. Dfaz y DIaz, Anecdota Wisigotbica, I : Estudios y ediciones de textos literarios menores de epoca visigoda (Acta Salmanticensia. Filosofia y letras, 12, 2), Salamanca, 1958, p. 117-122. —, 'La cultura de la Espana visigotica del siglo vn', in Caratteri del secolo Ml in Occidente (Settimana di studio del Centro italiano di studi sullalto medioevo, 5), Spoleto, 1958, p. 813-844. —. 'La circulation des manuscrits dans la peninsule Iberique du vlll" au XI " siecle', Cabiers de civilisation medievale, 4 (1969), p. 219-241 ; 383392—, 'Aspectos de la cultura literaria en la Espana visigotica', Anales Toledanos, 3 (1970), p. 33-58. —, 'La obra literaria de los obispos visigoticos toledanos: supuestos y circunstancias', in La Patrologia Toledano-Visigoda. XXVII Semana Espanola de Teologia (Toledo. 25-29 Sept. 196.7). Madrid. 1970, p. 4563.

SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY

29

—, 'La trasmisidn de los textos antiguos en la Peninsula Iberica en los siglos vii al xi', in La cultura antica nell'Occidente latino del vu all'xi secolo (Settimana di studio del Centro italiano di studi sull'alto medioevo. 22), Spoleto, 1975, p. 133-178. —, 'Penetracion cultural latina en Hispania en los siglos vi-vu', in Assimi lation et resistance a la culture greco-romaine dans le monde ancien. Travaux du it*' Congres international d 'etudes classiques (Madrid septembre 1974) - reunis et presenters par D. M. Pippidi, Bucarest-Paris, 1976, p. 109-115, —, 'Sobre las series de voces de animales', in Latin Script and Letters, A.D. 400-900, Festscbrift presented to Ludwig Bieler- ed.J. O'Meara and B. Naumann, Leiden, 1976, p. 148-155, —, De Isidoro al siglo xi. Ocbo estudios sobre la vida literaria peninsular (Al Albir Universal, 3), Barcelona, 1976, — 'Eugenio di Toledo', in Dizionario di patristica e anticbitd cristiana. II, Roma, 1983, p. 1277. H.-J. Diesner, Politik undldeologie im Westgotenreicb ion Toledo: Cbindasinnd (Sitzungsbericbte der Sdcbsiscben Akademie der Wissenscbaften zu Leipzig, 121, 2), Berlin, 1979, —, 'Eugenius II von Toledo im Konflikt zwischen Demut und Gewissen', in Pietas. Festscbrift fur Bernbard Kotting - hrsg. E. Dassmann K. Suso Frank (Jabrbucb fur Antike und Cbristentum. Ergdnzungsband 8), Munster, 1980, p. 472-480. F. Dolbeau, 'Sur un manuscrit perdu de Dracontius', Latomus. 48 (1989), p. 416-423. U. DOMINGuEz del Val, 'Obras desaparecidas de padres y escritores espanoles', in Repertorio de bistoria de las ciencias eclesidsticas en Espana, II: Siglos iv-xvi, Salamanca, 1971, p. 11-29, —, 'San Eugenio de Toledo', in Diccionario de bistoria eclesidstica de Espana - dir. Q. A. Vaquero et al., Madrid, 1972-1975, p. 882-883. —, 'Eugenio de Toledo', in Historia de la antigua literatura latina bispano-cristiana, IV, 3, Madrid, 1998. A. Ebert, Allgemeine Gescbicbte der Literatur des Mittelalters im Abendlande bis zum Beginne des xi.Jabrbunderts, Leipzig, 1880, I, p. 603-604. R. Favreau, 'Les inscriptions medievales - Reflet dune culture et d'une foi', in Epigrapbik 1988. Facbtagungfur mittelalterlicbe und neuzeitlicbe Epigrapbik. Graz, 10-14 Mai 1988 - cur. W. Koch, Wien, 1990, p. 5789, —, Epigrapbie medievale (Atelier du mediet'iste, 5), Turnhout, 1997, p. 150152.

A. Ferreiro, Tbe Visigotbs in Gaul and Spain. A.D. 418-711: A Bibliogra pby, Leiden, 1988, p. 279-282. E. Finch, 'Codex Vat. Pal. Lat. 186 as a Source for carmen 6 (Eugenius),' Classical Bulletin, 38 (1962), p. 77-78.

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B. de Gaiffier, 'Les oraisons de l'office de Saint Hippolyte dans le Libellus Orationum de Verone', Revue d'ascetique et de mystique, 25 (1949) (= Melanges Marcel Viller), p. 219-224. —, 'La legende de saint Eugene de Tolede, martyr a Deuil, pres de Paris', Analecta Bollandiana, 83 (1965), p. 329-349, —, 'Un 'Presbyter Floharius' est-il l'auteur de la Passio s. Eugenii Toletani?', Analecta Bollandiana, 84 (1966), p. 59-76. R. GARcfA Y Garc1a, 'El catalogo de San Eugenio de Toledo sobre el canon de la Biblia', Revista espahola de estudios biblicos, 2 (1927), p. 1-12. L. A. Garcia Moreno, Prosopografia del reino visigodo de Toledo (Acta Salmanticensia. Filosofia y letras, 77), Salamanca, 1974, p. 50, no. 248. J. Gil, 'Para la edicion de los textos visigodos y mozarabes', Habis, 4 (1973), p. 189-^34R. N. B. Goddard, Eugenius of Toledo and Marbod of Rennes in Marcabru's 'Pois la fuoilla revirola", Medium Aevum, 57 (1988), p. 27-37. I. G6mez G6mez, 'Eugenio de Toledo', in Diccionario de bistoria eclesidstica de Espana - dir. Q. A. Vaquero et al., Madrid 1972-1975, p. 514-515, D. Kuijper, Varia Dracontiana, Den Haag, 1958. P. Langlois, 'Notes critiques sur I'Hexameron de Dracontius et sa recen sion par Eugene de Tolede. A propos dune edition recente de De laudibus Dei', Latomus, 23 (1964), p. 807-817. M. Man1tius, 'Zu spatlateinischen Dichtern', Zeitscb rift fur osterreicbiscben Gymnasien, 37 (1886), p. 81-101; 241-254; 401-411. —, 'Zu spaten lateinischen Dichtern. VII. Zu den Gedichten des Euge nius von Toledo', Rbeiniscbes Museum, 44 (1889), p. 540-552. —, Gescbicbte der lateiniscben Literatur des Mittelalters, I, Miinchen, 1911, p. 194-197. C. Messina, Rittrato di Eugenio il poeta, Roma, 1976, N. Messina, Pseudo-Eugenio di Toledo. Speculum per un nobile visigoto. Introduzione, edizione critica e traduzione (Monografias de la Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 85), Santiago de Compostela, 1984. W. Meyer, 'Die Berliner Centones der Laudes dei des Dracontius', Sitzungsberichte der koniglicb Preussiscben Akademie der Wissenscbaften zu Berlin. 1 (1890), p. 257-297. L. MunzI, 'Eugenio di Toledo, carm. praef 15', Rivista di filologia e di istruzione classica, 105 (1977), p. 320-321. D. Norberg, 'Carmen oder Rhythmus?', Mittellateiniscbes Jabrbucb, 19 (1984), p. 63-72. —, La poesie latine rytbmique du Haut Moyen Age (Acta thiiversitatis Stockbolmiensis. Studia Latina Stockbolmiensia, 2). Stockholm. 1954. —, Introduction a letude de la versification latine medievale (Acta Universitatis Stockbolmiensis. Studia Latina Stockholmiensia, 5), Stock holm, 1958. —, Les vers latins iambiques et trochaiques au Moyen Age et leurs repliques rytbmiques (Filologiskt arkiv, 35), Stockholm, 1988.

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31

G. Palermo, 'La Passio SS Martyrum innumerabilium Caesaraugustanorurri , Orpbeus, 24-25 (1977-1978), p. 67-101. J. Prelog, 'Eugenius (4)', in Lexikon des Mittelalters, Miinchen-Zurich, 1989, p. 84-85, J. Perez de Urbel, 'Origen de los himnos mozarabes', Bulletin bispanique: Annales de la Faculte des lettres de Bordeaux, 28 (1926), p. 5-21; 113-139; 209-245; 305-320. —, 'San Eugenio de Toledo' in La Patrologia Toledano-Visigoda. XXVII Semana Espanola de Teologia (Toledo, 25-29 Sept. 1967), Madrid, 1970, p. 197-198. —, 'Eugen II (III)' in Lexikon fur Tbeologie und Kircbe, 3, Freiburg, 1959, col. 1174. F. J. E. Raby, A History of Secular Latin Poetry in tbe Middle Ages, I, Ox ford, 1934, p. 127-128 (2nd edition, 1957, I, p. 149-151). —, A History of Cbristian-Latin Poetryfrom tbe Beginnings to tbe Close of tbe Middle Ages, 1927, Oxford, p. 127-128. K. Re1nwald, Die Ausgabe des ersten Bucbes der Laudes dei und der Satisfactio des Dracontius durcb Eugenius von Toledo, Speyer, 1913. Y.-F. Riou, Les manuscrits neumes despoemes d Eugene II de Tolede, these de l'Ecole pratique des hautes etudes, rv"'"" section, Paris, 1963. —, 'Quelques aspects de la tradition manuscrite des carmina d'Eugene de Tolede: du Liber Catonianus aux Auctores octo morales', Revue d'bistoire des textes, 2 (1972), p. 11-44. J. F. Rivera Rec1o, San Eugenio de Toledo y su culto {Publicaciones del Instituto Provincial de Investigaciones y Estudios Toledanos. Monografias, 1), Toledo, 1963. —, 'Eugene (III)', in Dictionnaire d'bistoire et de geograpbie ecclesiastiques, 15 - publie sous la dir. de A. Baudrillart et al., Paris, 1963, col. 1368-1370. —, 'Autentica personalidad de San Eugenio de Toledo', Antbologica An nua, 12 (1964), p. 11-84, D. Romano, Studi draconziani, Palermo, 1959, p. 91-92. M. RuffinI, Le origini letterarie in Spagna. L epoca visigotica, Torino, 1951, p. 159-168. U. Schindel, 'Zur Datierung des Basler Figurentraktats (cod. lat. F III 15 d)', Gottinger Forum fiir Altertumwissenscbaft, 2(1999), p. 161-178. K. Smolak, 'Die Stellung der Hexamerondichtung des Dracontius (laud. dei 1, 118-426) innerhalb der lateinischen Genesispoesie', in Antidosis. Festscbriftfur Walther Kraus - hrsg. von R. Hanslik et al. (Wiener Studien, Beiheft 5), Wien, 1972, p. 381-397. F. Stella, 'Variazioni stemmatiche e note testuali alle Laudes dei di Draconzio. Con edizione del florilegio Paris, B.N. lat. 8093, f. 15v (sec viiirx)', Filologia mediolatina, 3 (1996), p. 1-35, J. SzOverffy, Weltlicbe Dicbtungen des lateiniscben Mittelalters: ein Handbucb, I : Von den Anfdngen bis zum Ende der Karolingerzeit (Die Lyriscbe Dicbtung des Mittelalters), Berlin, 1970.

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SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY

A. C. Vega, 'De patrologia espanola. Sobre el opiisculo 'De Sanaa Trinitate' de San Eugenio II de Toledo (en torno a una cita de San Julian de Toledo en su 'Prognosticon', 3, 17)', Boletin de la Real Acadentia de la Historia, 166, 1 (1970), p. 63-75, M. Vendrell Penaranda, 'Estudio del codice de Azagra, Biblioteca nacional de Madrid, ms. 10029', Revista de Arcbivos, Bibliotecas y Museos, 82 (1979), p. 655-705, —, 'Estudio de los codices de la BN de Paris, ms. 8093 y de la Biblioteca Universitaria de Leiden, ms Voss. F 111', Helmantica. 43 (1992), p. 147201.

F. Vollmer, Die Gedichtsammlung des Eugenius von Toledo', Neues Arcbiv, 26 (1901), p. 393-409, —, Fl Merobaudis reliquiae, Blossii Aemilii Dracontii carmina, Eugenii Toletani episcopi carmina et epistulae (MGH, auct ant. XIVA Berlin, 1905,

C. Weymann, Beitrdge zur Gescbicbte der cbristlicb-lateiniscben Poesie, Miinchen, 1926,

LATE ANTIQUE AND MEDIAEVAL WORKS QUOTED IN THE PRESENT EDITION The abbreviated forms correspond to the abbreviations given by the Indices of the Tbesaurus Linguae Latinae, Leipzig, 1990' (Late Antique authors) and of the Novum Glossarium Mediae Aetatis, Copenhagen, 1957 (Mediaeval authors), and by M. C. Diaz y Diaz, Index scriptorum latinorum Medii Aevi Hispanorum, Madrid, 1959 (Hispanic writers). Agrest., carm. = Agrestivs Ep1scopvs, 'Carmen de fide', in K. Smolak, Das Gedicbt des Biscbofs Agrestius. Eine tbeologiscbe Lebrepistel aus der Spdtantike (Einleitung, Text, iibersetzung und Kommentar) (Osterreicbiscbe Akademie der Wissenscbaften. Pbilosopbiscb-bistoriscbe Klasse. Sitzungsbericbte, 284, 2), Wien, 1973. Alb. Cord., carm. = Albarvs Cordvbensis, 'Carmina', in Corpus scrip torum Muzarabicorum, I - ed. J. Gil (Consejo superior de investigaciones cientificas. Manuales y anejos de Emerita, 28), Madrid, 1973, p. 344-361. [= Diaz, 488] Alb. Cord., ep. Eleaz. Ill = Albarvs Cordvbensis, 'Epistolae', 18, in Corpus scriptorum Muzarabicorum, I - ed. J. Gil (Consejo superior de investigaciones cientificas. Manuales y anejos de Emerita. 28), Madrid, 1973, p. 244-269, [= Diaz, 492] Alb. Cord., uita Eul = Albarvs Cordvbens1s, 'Vita uel passio s. Eulogii', in Corpus scriptorum Muzarabicorum, I - ed. J. Gil (Consejo superior de investigaciones cientificas. Manuales y anejos de Emerita, 28), Madrid, 1973, p. 330-343- [- Diaz, 482] Ps.-Alb. Cord., carm. = Ps. -Albarvs Cordvbens1s, Carmen - ed. L. Traube (MGH, Poetae, III), Berlin, 1896, p. 749, [= Diaz, 321] Alc Avit., carm. = Alcimvs Ecd1civs Avitvs, Carmina - ed. R. Peiper (MGH, Auct. ant., VI, 2), Berlin, 1883, p. 201-294. Alc Avit., carm. app. = Alc1mvs Ecdicivs Avitvs, Carminum appendix VI - ed. R. Peiper (MGH, Auct. ant., VI, 2), Berlin, 1883, p. 183-196, Alcvin., carm. = Alcvinvs Eboracensis, Carmina - ed. E. Dummler (MGH, Poetae, I), Berlin, 1881, p. 169-351. Alcvin., epist. = Alcv1nvs Eboracens1s, Epistolae - ed. E. Dummler (MGH, Epp. IV, Karolini aevi, II), Berlin, 1895, p. 18-481. Alcvin. ,fer. = Alcvinvs Eboracens1s, Officia perferias - ed. PL, to1, Paris, col. 509-612. Alcvin., gramm. = Alcvinvs Eboracensis, De grammatica - ed. PL, 101, Paris, col. 854-902. Alcvin., orth = Alcuino, De ortbograpbia - ed. S. Bruni (Millennio medievale, 2; Testi, 2), Firenze, 1997. AlcvIn., pbilos. = Alcvinvs Eboracensis, Disputatio de uera pbilosopbia ed. PL, 101, Paris, col. 849-854.

34

WORKS QUOTED

Alcvin., uita Martini = Alcvinvs Eboracensis, De vita Martini Turonensis - ed. PL, 101, Paris, col. 657-664. Aldhelm., carm. = Aldhelmvs, Carmina ecclesiastica - ed. R. Ehwald (MGH, Auct. ant., XV), Berlin, 1919, p. 11-32. Aldhelm., metr. = Aldhelmvs, De metris et enigmatibus ac pedum regulis - ed. R. Ehwald (MGH, Auct. ant., XV), Berlin, 1919, p. 35-204, Aldhelm., uirg. = Aldhelmvs, De uirginitate- ed. R. Ehwald {MGH, Auct. ant., XV), Berlin, 1919, p. 327-471. Ambr., bon. mort. = Ambrosivs, De bono mortis - ed. C. Schenkl (CSEL, 32, 2), Wien, 1897, p. 703-755Ambr., bex. = Ambrosivs, Hexaemeron - ed. C. Schenkl (CSEL, 32, 1), Wien, 1897, p. 3-261. Ang1lb. Cent., carm. = Angilbertvs Centvlensis Abbas, Carmina - ed. E. Diimmler (MGH, Poetae, I), Berlin, 1881, p. 358-366, Annal Bland = Annales Blandinienses ad a. 1000 - ed. G. H. Pertz (MGH, Scr., V), Berlin, 1844, p. 21-34. Anon., adm. cant. = 'Admonitio cantoris sub metro heroico elegiacum dictata (s. xi med.)', in M. C. DIaz y DfAz, 'Los prologos del Antiphonale Visigothicum de la Catedral de Leon (Leon, Arch. Cat. 8)', Arcbivos Leoneses, 8, 15 (1954), p. 232-234. [= Diaz, 781] Arator, act. = Arator, De actibus apostolorum - ed. A. P. McKinlay (CSEL, 72), Wien, 1951. Arsgramm. in Amplon. F. 10 = Ars grammatical in cod Erfordiensi Amplon. F. 10, f. 46r-6ov. Avg., ciu. = S. Avrelivs Avgvstinvs Hipponensis, De ciuitate dei - ed. B. Dombart - A. Kalb (CC SL, 47-48), Turnhout, 1955, Avg., conf. = S. Avrelivs Avgvstinvs Hipponensis, Confessionum LibriXII - ed. L. Verheijen (CC SL, 27), Turnhout, 1981. Avg., mus. = S. Avrelivs Avgvstinvs H1pponensis, De musica - PL, 32, Paris, 1841, col. 1081-1194. Avg., serm. = S. Avrelivs Avgvstinvs Hipponensis, Sermones- PL, 38-39, Paris, 1841. Avg., trin. = S. Avrelivs Avgvstinvs Hipponensis, De trinitate libri XVed. W.J. Mountain - F. Glorie (CC SL, 50), Turnhout, 1968 (repr. 2001). Avson. = D. Magnvs Avsonivs Bvrdigalensis, Opera omnia - ed. I. Souchay, London, 1823. Avson., Caes. = D. Magnvs Avsonivs Bvrd1galensis. Caesares - ed. R. P. H. Green (Scriptorum Classicorum Bibliotbeca Oxoniensis), Ox ford, 1999, p. 182-188. Avson., cento = D. Magnvs Avsonivs Bvrd1galens1s, Cento nuptialis - ed. R. P. H. Green (Scriptorum Classicorum Bibliotbeca Oxoniensis), Ox ford, 1999, p. 145-154Avson., ecl = D. Magnvs Avsonivs Bvrd1galens1s, Eclogae - ed. R. P. H. Green (Scriptorum Classicorum Bibliotbeca Oxoniensis), Oxford, 1999, p. 104-120.

WORKS QUOTED

35

Avson., ep. = D. Magnvs Avsonivs Bvrdigalensis, Epistulae - ed. R. P. H. Green (Scriptorum Classicorum Bibliotbeca Oxoniensis), Oxford, 1999, p. 215-259, Avson., epbem. = D. Magnvs Avsonivs Bvrd1galens1s, Epbemeris - ed. R. P. H. Green (Scriptorum Classicorum Bibliotbeca Oxoniensis), Ox ford, 1999, p. 7-15, Avson., epigr. = D. Magnvs Avsonivs Bvrdigalens1s, Epigrammata - ed. R. P. H. Green (Scriptorum Classicorum Bibliotbeca Oxoniensis), Ox ford, 1999, p. 73-103. Avson., par. = D. Magnvs Avsonivs Bvrdigalensis, Parentalia - ed. R. P. H. Green (Scriptorum Classicorum Bibliotbeca Oxoniensis), Ox ford, 1999, p. 29-46, Avson., praef = D. Magnvs Avsonivs Bvrdigalensis, Praefationes Variae -ed. R. P. H. Green (Scriptorum Classicorum Bibliotbeca Oxoniensis), Oxford, 1999, p. 3-6, Avson., prof. = D. Magnvs Avsonivs Bvrdigalensis, Commemoratio Professorum Burdigalensium - ed. R. P. H. Green (Scriptorum Classi corum Bibliotbeca Oxoniensis), Oxford, 1999, p. 46-66, Avson., protr. = D. Magnvs Avsonivs Bvrdigalensis, Protrepticus ad nepotem - ed. R. P. H. Green (Scriptorum Classicorum Bibliotbeca Oxo niensis), Oxford. 1999, p. 23-27. Avson., tecbnop. = D. Magnvs Avsonivs Bvrd1galensis, Tecbnopaegnion - ed. R. P. H. Green (Scriptorum Classicorum Bibliotbeca Oxoniensis), Oxford, 1999, p. 196-205, Avson., uers. pasch = D. Magnvs Avsonivs Bvrdigalensis, Versus Paschales - ed. R. P. H. Green (Scriptorum Classicorum Bibliotbeca Oxo niensis), Oxford, 1999, p. 17-18. Ps.-Avson., sept. sap. = D. Magnvs Avsonivs Bvrdigalensis, Septem sapientum sententiae - ed. K. Schenkl (MGH, Auct. ant.. V, 2), Berlin, 1883, p. 246-250. Beda, nat. = Beda Venerabilis, T)e natura rerum', in Opera didascalica. 1. De orthograpbia; De arte metrica et de scbematibus et tropis.; De natura rerum - ed. C. W. Jones - C. B. Kendall - M. H. King (CC SL, 123A), Turnhout, 1975, p. 189-234. Beda, orth = Beda Venerabilis, De ortographia', in Opera didascalica. 1. De orthograpbia; De arte metrica et de scbematibus et tropis.; De natura rerum - ed. C. W. Jones - C. B. Kendall - M. H. King (CC SL, 123A), Turnhout, 1975, p. 7-57. Beda, scbem. = Beda Venerabil1s, De schematibus et tropis', in Opera di dascalica. 1. De ortbograpbia: De arte metrica et de schematibus et tro pis.; De natura rerum - ed. C. W. Jones - C. B. Kendall - M. H. King (CC SL, 123A), Turnhout, 1975, p. 142-171. Beda, temp. = Beda Venerabilis, De temporum ratione', in Opera didas calica. 2. De temporum ratione - ed. C. W. Jones (CC SL. 123B), Turn hout, 1977. Bernow., carm. = Bernowinvs. Carmina - ed. E. Dummler (MGH. Poetae, I), Berlin, 1881, p. 413-425,

36

WORKS QUOTED

Boeth., cons. = Boethivs, Pbilosopbiae Consolatio- ed. L. Bieler (CC SL, 94), Turnhout, 1984'. Bravl. Caesaravg., ep. Cbind I= Bravlio Caesaravgvstanvs, 'Epistola ad Chindasvinthum Rex', in Epistolario de San Braulio (= ep. 31) - ed. L. Riesco Terrero (Anales de la Universidad Hispalense. Filosofia y letras, 31), Sevilla, 1975, p. 132. [= Diaz, 181] Bravl. Caesaravg., ep. Cbind II = Bravlio Caesaravgvstanvs, 'Epistola ad Chindasuinthum regem', in Epistolario de San Braulio (= ep. 33) ed. L. Riesco Terrero (Anales de la Universidad Hispalense. Filosofia y letras, 31), Sevilla, 1975, p. 136, Bravl. Caesaravg., ep. Eug. = Bravlio Caesaravgvstanvs, Epistola ad Eugenium. [= Diaz, 183] Bravl. Caesaravg., ep. Fruct. = Bravl1o Caesaravgvstanvs, 'Epistola ad Fructuosum', in Epistolario de San Braulio (= ep. 44) - ed. L. Riesco Terrero (Anales de la Universidad Hispalense. Filosofia y letras, 31), Sevilla, 1975, p. 166-182. [= Diaz, 187] Bravl. Caesaravg., ep. Frunim. I = Bravlio Caesaravgvstanvs, Epistola ad Frunimianum - ed. L. Vasquez de Parga, Madrid, 1943. [= Diaz, 157] Bravl. Caesaravg., ep. Pomp. = Bravlio Caesaravgvstanvs, 'Epistola ad Pomponiam', in Epistolario de San Braulio (= ep. 18) - ed. L. Riesco Terrero (Anales de la Universidad Hispalense. Filosofia y letras, 31), Sevilla, 1975, p. 100-102. [= Diaz, 167] Bravl. Caesaravg., ep. Tai I = Bravlio Caesaravgvstanvs, 'Epistola ad Braulionem', in Epistolario de San Braulio (= ep. 11) - ed. L. Riesco Terrero (Anales de la Universidad Hispalense. Filosofia y letras, 31), Sevilla, 1975, p. 82-84. (= Diaz, 162] Bravl. Caesaravg., ep. Valent. II = Bravlio Caesaravgvstanvs, 'Epistola ad Valentinum episc', in Epistolario de San Braulio (= ep. 24) - ed. L. Riesco Terrero (Anales de la Universidad Hispalense. Filosofia y letras, 31), Sevilla, 1975, p. 120. [= Diaz, 176] Bravl. Caesaravg., bymn. Aemil = Bravlio Caesaravgvstanvs, 'Hymnus s. Aemiliani', in Hymnodia gotica, n. 87 - ed. C. Blume (Analecta bymnica, 27), Leipzig, 1897, p. 126, Bravl. Caesaravg., uita Aemil = Bravl1o Caesaravgvstanvs, Vita s. Ae miliani- ed. L. Vasquez de Parga, Madrid, 1943. [= Diaz, 156] Carm. adsenat. = Carmen ad quendam senatorem - ed. R. Peiper(C5£I. 23), Wien, 1891, p. 227-230.

Carm. Bened = Carmen de sancta Benedicta - ed. P. von Winterfeld (MGH Poetae, IV, 1), Berlin, 1899. p. 209-231. Carm. de aegr. Perd, = Aegritudo Perdicae - ed. L. Zurli (Bibliotbeca Teubneriana), Leipzig, 1987. Carm. de Iona = De Iona - ed. R. Peiper (CSEL, 23), Wien, 1891, p. 221226,

Carm. depeste = Versus incerti cuiusdam poetae depeste- ed. K. Strecker (MGH, Poetae. IV, 3), Berlin, 1923, p. 914,

WORKS QUOTED

37

Carm. de Sod = Versus de Sodoma. Introduzione, testo critico, traduzione e commento - ed. L. Morisi (Edizioni e saggi universitari difilologia classica, 52), Bologna, 1993. Carm. libr. I = Carmina libris sec. viu adiecta - ed. E. Dummler (MGH, Poetae, I), Berlin, 1881, p. 89-98. Carm. libr. II = Versus libris adiecti - ed. K. Strecker {MGH, Poetae. IV, 3), Berlin, 1923, p. 1056-1072. Carm. var. I = Carmina uaria aeui Carolini, pars prior - ed. E. Dummler (MGH, Poetae, II), Berlin, 1884, p. 649-686, Carm. var. II = Carmina uaria aeui Carolini, pars altera- ed. K. Strecker (MGH Poetae, IV, 3), Berlin, 1923, p. 1074-1090. Cassian., inst. = Jean Cassien, Institutions cenobitiques- ed. J.-C. Guy (SC, 109), Paris, 1965, Cassiod., in psalm. = Cassiodorvs, Expositio Psalmorum - ed. M. Adriaen (CC SL, 97-98), Turnhout, 1958. Ps.-Cato, c. luxuriam = Ps.-Cato, Carmen contra luxuriam - ed. F. Vollmer (MGH. Auct. ant., XIV), Berlin, 1905, p. 237. Ps.-Cato, dist. = Disticba Catonis - ed. M. Boas - H. J. Botschuyver, Am sterdam, 1952. Cellan., carm. = Cellanvs, 'Carmina', in L. Traube, 'Perrona Scottorum. Ein Beitrag zur Oberlieferungsgeschichte und zur Palaeographie des Mittelalters' (Sitzungsbericbte der pbilos.-pbilol und der bistor. Classe derK. bayer. Akademie der Wissenscbaften, 4), Munchen, 1900, p. 484488 (repr. L. Traube, Kleine Scbriften - hrsg. S. Brandt ( Vorlesungen und Abbandlungen, 3), Munchen, 1920/1965, p. 105-108). Char., gramm. = Char1sivs, Ars grammatica - ed. C. Barwick (Bibliotbeca Teubneriana), Leipzig, 1964. Chindasv., ep. Braul = Chindasv1nthvs rex, 'Epistola ad Braulionem Caesaraugustanum', in Epistolario de San Braulio (= ep. 32) - ed. L. Riesco Terrero (Anales de la Universidad Hispalense. Filosqfia y letras, 31), Sevilla, 1975, p. 134, [= Diaz, 147] Ps.-Chrodeg., reg. = Ps.-Chrodegangvs Metensis, Regula canonicorum PL. 89, col. 1057-1096, [cfr CSLMA Gall. I ChrOG. 7, p. 273-275] Cbron. carol = Generationum regnorumque laterculus Bedanus cum continuatione carolingica altera - ed. E. Mommsen (MGH, Auct. ant., XIII, cbron. min. Ill), p. 349-354. Cbron. muzar. = 'Chronica Muzarabica', in Corpus scriptorum Muzarabicorum, I - ed. J. Gil (Consejo superior de investigaciones cientificas. Manualesy anejos de Emerita, 28), Madrid, 1973, p. 16-54, [= Diaz, 397] C1pr. Cord., carm. = C1prianvs Cordvbens1s, 'Carmina', in Corpus scrip torum Muzarabicorum, II - ed. J. Gil (Consejo superior de investiga ciones cientificas. Manuales y anejos de Emerita. 28), Madrid, 1973, p. 685-687. [Diaz, 507] Crxil., test. = Crxila Episcopvs Legionens1s, Testamenta monasterii sanc torum martirum Cosme et Damiani (a. 927)', in Coleccion Documental del Arcbivo de la Catedral de Leon (j7yu30). I: 775-952, no. 75 - ed. E. Saez (Fuentesy estudios de bistoria leonesa, 41 ), Leon, 1987, p. 124-128.

38

WORKS QUOTED

Clavd., carm. = Clavdivs Clavdianvs, Carmina - ed. J. B. Hall (Bibliotbeca Teubneriana), Leipzig, 1985, p. 1-288. Clavd., carm. min. = Clavdivs Clavdianvs, Carmina minora - ed. J. B. Hall (Bibliotbeca Teubneriana), Leipzig, 1985, p. 342-409, Colvmb., epist. ad Selh = S. Colvmbanvs, Epistula ad Setbum - ed. G. S. M. Walker (Scrip/ores Latini Hiberniae, 2), Dublin, 1970, p. 186-190. Comm., apol = Commodianvs, Carmen apologeticum - ed. J. Martin (CC SL, 128), Turnhout, 1960, p. 73-113. Comm., instr. = Commodianvs, Instructiones - ed. J. Martin (CC SL, 128), Turnhout, 1960, p. 1-70. Concil Aquisgran. = Institutio sanctimonialium Aquisgranensis, a. 816 ed. A. Werminghoff (MGH, Cone, 2, 1), Hannover, 1908, p. 421-456, Concil Hispal = 'Concilia Hispalensia', in Concilios Visigoticos y Hispano-Romanos- ed. J. Vives, con la colaboracion de T. Marin Martinez y G. Martinez Diez (Espana cristiana: Testo, 1), Barcelona, 1963, p. 151153; 163-185, Concil Tol = Concilia Toletana', in La coleccion canonica Hispana - ed. por G. Martinez Diez - F. Rodriguez (Monumenta Hispaniae sacra. Serie canonica, 4-5), Madrid, IV, 1984, p. 323-366; V, 1992, p. 49-558. Consent., gramm. = Consentivs, 'De barbarismis et metaplasmi', in Grammatici Latini, V - ed. H. Keil, Leipzig, 1868, p. 386-404, Coripi'., Anast. = Flavivs Cresconivs Corippvs, 'Panegyricus in laudem Anastasii quaestoris et magistri', in Corippe, LEloge de IEmpereurJus tin II - ed. S. Antes (Collection des Universites de France), Paris, 1981, p. 10-12.

Coripp., Ioh = Flavtvs Ckesconivs Corippvs, lobannidos seu De bellisLibycis Libri MII- ed. J. Diggle - F. R. D. Goodyear, Cambridge. 1970. Coripp., lust. = Flaws Cresconivs Corippvs, 'In laudem lustini Augusti', in Corippe, L Eloge de IEmpereurJustin II- ed. S. Antes (Collection des Universites de France), Paris, 1981. Cor1pp. - ed. I. Partsch = Flaws Cresconivs Corippvs. Opera - ed. I. Partsch (MGH, Auct. ant., III. 2), Berlin, 1879, Cun, gramm. = Cunabula grammaticae artis Donati - ed. PL, 90, Paris, col. 613-632. Cypr. Gall., Gen., Exod, Los., lud = Cyprianvs Gallvs, Heptateuchos ed. R. Peiper (CSEL, 23), Wien, 1891. Cypr., mortal = S. Cyprianvs Ep1scopvs, De mortalitate - ed. M. Simonetti (CC SL, 3A), Turnhout, 1976, p. 17-32. Damas., carm. - ed. Ferrua = Epigrammata Damasiana - recensuit et adnotauit A. Ferrua (Sussidi allo studio delle anticbita cristiane, 2), Citta del Vaticano, 1942, p. 81-215, Ps. -Damas., epigr. - ed. Ferrua = Epigrammata Damasiana - recensuit et adnotauit A. Ferrua (Sussidi allo studio delle anticbita cristiane, 2), Citta del Vaticano, 1942, p. 217-259, Ps. -Damas., epigr- ed. Ihm = Antbologia Latina. Supplementa, I: Damasi Epigrammata - ed. M. Ihm (Bibliotheca Teubneriana), Leipzig, 1895,

WORKS QUOTED

39

Decret. Burcbard = Burcbardi episcopi Wormatiensis Decretorum Libri Viginti - ed. PL, 140, Paris, col. 537-1058. Dhvoda, rbytbm. = Dhvoda. Rbytbmi ex Libro Manuali deprompti - ed. K. Strecker {MGH, Poetae, IV, 2), Berlin, 1914, p. 703-717. Diom., gramm. = DIomedes, 'Ars grammatica', in Grammatici Latini, I ed. H. Keil, Leipzig, 1857, p. 299-529, Don., gramm. - ed. Holtz = L. Holtz, Donat et la tradition de I'enseignement grammatical: etude surl'Ars Donati et sa diffusion (Iv*ix*siecle) et edition critique, Paris, 1981, p. 585-674, Don., gramm. - ed. Keil = Donatvs, 'Ars grammatica', in Grammatici Latini, IV - ed. H. Keil, Leipzig, 1864, p. 355-402. Don., Ter. Eun. = Donatvs, Commentum Terentii - ed. P. Wessner (Bibliotbeca Teubneriana), Leipzig, 1902. Drac, laud. dei = Dracontivs, CEuvres, I: Louanges de Dieu, Litres let II - ed. C. Moussy - C. Camus (Collection des Universites de France), Paris, 1985, Drac, laud. dei - ed. Corsaro = Blossii Aemilii Dracontii De Laudibus Dei libri tres - ed. F. Corsaro, Catania, 1962. Drac, mens. = Dracontivs, CEuvres, IV: Poemes Propbanes VI-X. Frag ments - ed. J. Bouquet - E. Wolff (Collection des Universites de France, 337), Paris, 1996, p. 80-81. Drac, Orest. = Dracontivs, CEuvres, III: La tragedie d'Oreste - ed. J. Bouquet - E\ Wolff (Collection des Universites de France), Paris, 1995, p. 90-130.

Drac, Romul = Dracontivs, CEuvres, III-IV: Poemes Propbanes I-IV; VI-X - ed. J. Bouquet - E. Wolff (Collection des Universites de France, 323; 337), Paris, 1995; 1996, p. 133-160; 1-76, Drac, Romul - ed. Diaz de Bustamante = Draconcioy sus carminaprofana - ed. J. M. Diaz de Bustamante (Monografias de la Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 44), Santiago de Compostela, 1978. Drac, satisf = Dracontivs, CEuvres, II: Reparation - ed. C. Moussy C. Camus (Collection des Universites de France), Paris, 1988, p. 176-191. Drac, satisf. - ed. F. de Duhn = Dracontivs, Satisfactio - ed. F. de Duhn (Bibliotbeca Tebneriana), Leipzig, 1873. Drac, satisf - ed. F. Speranza = Blossi Aemili Draconti Satisfactio una cum Eugeni recensione (Bibliotbeca di Helikon. Testi e Studi, 9), Roma, 1978. Ecbas. capt. = Ecbasis cuiusdam captiuiper tropologiam. Die Flucbt eines Gefangenen (tropologiscb) - ed. W. Trillitzsch (Bibliotbeca Teubneri ana), Leipzig, 1964. Egbert. Leod., rat. = Egbertvs Leodiensis, Fecunda ratis - ed. E. Voigt, Halle, 1889, Elip., ep. episc. = Elipandvs Episcopvs Toletanvs, Epistola episcoporum Hispaniae ad episcopos Franciae' in Corpus scriptorum Muzarabicorum, I - ed. J. Gil (Consejo superior de investigaciones cientificas. Manuales y anejos de Emerita, 28), Madrid, 1973, p. 82-93. [= Diaz, 415]

4o

WORKS QUOTED

Elip., ep. Fid = Elipandvs Episcopvs Toletanvs, 'Epistola ad Fidelem' in Corpus scriptorum Muzarabicorum, I - ed. J. Gil (Consejo superior de investigaciones cientificas. Manuales y anejos de Emerita, 28), Madrid. 1973, p. 80-81. [= Diaz, 421] Emo, cbron. = Emo, abb. monasterii Horti Floridi sev Wervmensis, Chronicon - ed. G. H. Pertz (MGH, Scr., XXIII), Hannover, 1874, p. 465523Engelm., carm. = Engelmodvs Svession1s episcopvs, Carmina - ed. L. Traube (MGH, Poetae, III), Berlin, 1886-1896, p. 55-66, Ennod., carm. = Ennodivs, Carmina - ed. F. Vogel (MGH, Auct. ant., VII), Leipzig, 1885 (repr. 1981), p. 1-326, Ennod., epist. = Ennodivs, Epistolae - ed. F. Vogel (MGH, Auct. ant., VII), Leipzig, 1885 (repr. 1981), p. 1-326, Epist. uar. II = Epistolae variorum inde a morte Caroli Magni usque ad divisionem imperii collectae - ed. E. Dummler (MGH, Epp., V, Kami aet'i, III), Berlin, 1899, p. 299-360; 615-640. Epist. Worm. I = Epistole Wormatiensis, Die dltere Wormser Briefsammlung - ed. W. Bulst (MGH, Die Briefe der Deutscben Kaiserzeit, III), Weimar, 1949, Epit. anon. = 'Fragmentum epitaphii s. vm, repertum non longe ab Hispali', in J. Correa - J. Pereira, 'Sobre dos inscripciones halladas en Gerena (Sevilla)', Habis, 3 (1972), p. 325-329, Epit. Antonin. = 'Epitaphion Antoninae', in Anecdota Wisigotbica, I: Estudios y ediciones de textos literar(os menores de epoca visigoda - ed. M. C. Diaz y Diaz (Acta Salmanticensia. Filosofia y letras, 12, 2). Sala manca, 1958, p. 47-48. [= Diaz, 149] Epit. Crisp. = 'Epitaphium Crispini presbyteri', in Inscripciones Cristianas de la Espana Romanay Visigoda, n. 293 - ed. J. Vives, Barcelona. 1969 (2a ed.), p. 93. [= Diaz, 439] Epit. Euentii = 'Epitaphium Euentii', in Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum, VI, 8. 3, 2000, p. 5085-5086, no. 41377 (= LAnee Epigrapbique, 1953, 200). Epit. Fredenandi = Epitaphium Fredenandi, a. 1076', in Inscripciones medievales de Asturias, n. 183 - ed. F. Diego Santos, Oviedo, 1994, p. 178. Epit. Honor. = 'Epitaphium Honorii abbatis', in Inscripciones Cristianas de la Espana Romanay Visigoda. n. 280 -ed. J. Vives, Barcelona, 1969 (2a ed.), p. 86, [= Diaz, 70] Epit. Honorat. = 'Epitaphium Honorati episc Hispalensis', in Inscrip ciones Cristianas de la Espana Romanay Visigoda, n. 273 - ed. J. Vives. Barcelona, 1969 (2* ed.), p. 81-82. [= Diaz, 372] Epit. Itbac. = Epitaphium lthacii', in Inscripciones Cristianas de la Espana Romanay Visigoda, n. 292 - ed. J. Vives, Barcelona, 1969 (2a ed.), p. 92. [= Diaz, 369] Epit. Maurae = Epitaphium Maurae', in Inscripciones Cristianas de la Es pana Romanay Visigoda, n. 534 -ed. J. Vives, Barcelona, 1969 (2* ed.), p. 309,

WORKS QUOTED

41

Eprit. Nausti = 'Epitaphium Nausti episcopi Conimbrigensis', in T. S. Soares, 'A inscricao tumular do bispo Nausto de Coimbra (867-912)', Revista Portuguesa de Historia, 1 (1940), p. 144-148. [= Diaz, 675] Epit. Ordonii episc. = 'Epitaphium Ordonii episcopi Asturicensis ', in P. F. Alberto, 'Notes on Eugenius of Toledo', Classical Quarterly, 49, 1 (1999), p. 304-314. [= Diaz, 869] Epit. Ordonii reg. = 'Epitaphium Ordonii regis', in Inscripciones medievales de Asturias, n. 33 - ed. F. Diego Santos, Oviedo, 1994, p. 70. [= Diaz, 555] Epit. Sulc. = 'Epitaphium Sulcense (S. Antioco, Sardegna)', in G. Sotgiu, 'Un nuovo carmen epigrapbicum ed altre inscrizioni del Museo di S. Antioco (Sulci)', Epigrapbica, 37 (1975), p. 124-125 (= L'Annee Epigrapbique. 19J^, 461). Epit. Taras. Ver. = 'Epitaphium Tarasiae, filiae regis Veremundi II', in Inscripciones medievales de Asturias, n. 109 - ed. F. Diego Santos, Oviedo, 1994, p. 122-123. I= Diaz. 866] Epit. var. II = Epitapbia uar(a aeui Ottonum - ed. K. Strecker (MGH, Poetae, V, 1), Leipzig, 1937, p. 282-353. Epit. Vinc. abb = 'Epitaphium Vincentii abbatis', in Inscripciones Cristianas de la Espana Romanay Visigoda. n. 285 - ed. J. Vives, Barcelona, 1969 (2a ed.), p. 89, [= Diaz, 368] Evg. Tol., carm. = Evgenivs Toletanvs Ep1scopvs. Carmina. Evg. Tol., carm. - ed. F. Vollmer = Evgenivs Toletanvs Ep1scopvs, Car mina- ed. F. Vollmer (MGH. Auct. ant.. XIV), Berlin, 1905, Evg. Tol., carm. app. - ed. F. Vollmer = Evgenivs Toletanvs Ep1scopvs, Carminum appendix- ed. F. Vollmer (MGH. Auct. ant.. XIV), Berlin, 1905, p. 271-282.

Evg. Tol., ep. Braul = Evgenivs Toletanvs Episcopvs, Epistola ad Braulium. Evg. Tol., ep. Cbind = Evgenivs Toletanvs Episcopvs, Epistola ad Cbindasuintbum. Evg. Tol., ep. Prot. = Evgenivs Toletanvs Episcopvs, Epistola ad Protasium. Evg. Tol., bex. = Evgenivs Toletanvs Episcopvs, hexaemeron (= Liber D. Evg. Tol., monost. = Evgenivs Toletanvs Episcopvs, Monosticba. Evg. Tol., satisf = Evgenivs Toletanvs Ep1scopvs, Satisfactio (= Liber ID. Ps.-Evg. Tol., carm. = Ps.-EugEnio di Toledo, Speculum per un nobile iHsigoto - ed. N. Messina (Monografxas de la Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 85). Santiago de Compostela, 1984, Evgen. Vvlg., carm., app. = Evgenivs Vvlgarivs. Presbitek Neapolitanvs, Carmina, Appendix - ed. P. von Winterfeld (MGH. Poetae. rv, 1), Ber lin, 1899, p. 441-444, Evgen. Vvlg., syll = Evgenivs Vvlgar1vs. Sylloga epistolarum et carmi num - ed. P. Winterfeld (MGH. Poetae. IV, 1), Berlin, 1899, p. 412-440. Evl. Cord., ep. Wilies. = Evlogivs Cordvbensis, Epistula ad Wiliesindum', in Corpus scriptorum Muzarabicorum. II - ed. J. Gil (Consejo super(or

42

WORKS QUOTED

de investigaciones cientificas. Manuales y anejos de Emerita, 28), Madrid, 1973, p. 497-503. [= Diaz, 473] Felix Tol., uita Jul = Felix Toletanvs, Vita s. Iuliani - ed. PL, 96, Paris, col. 445-452. [= Diaz, 309] Flor. Lvgd., carm. = Florvs Lugdvnens1s, Carmina - ed. E. Dummler (MGH, Poetae. II), Berlin, 1884, p. 509-566; K. Strecker {MGH, Poetae, IV), Berlin, 1923, p. 930-931. Florileg. in Reg. lat. 21S et Harl 2735 = 'Florilegium in codd. Reg. lat. 215, f. 122M26v, et Harleiano 2735, f. 207v- 2o8r, in E. Chatela1n, 'Un Gradus ad Parnassum: de l'extreme decadence', Revue de Pbilologie. de Lit erature et d'Histoire anciennes, 7 (1883), p. 65-77; D. Ganz, 'Heiric d'Auxerre, glossateur du Liber glossarum', Lecole carolingienne d'Auxerre. De Muretbacb a Remi 830-908 - ed. D. Iogna-Prat - C. Jeudy - G. Lobrichon, Paris, 1991, p. 307-309, Form. mer. karol = Formulae merowingici et karolini aeui - ed. K. Zeumer (MGH, Legum sectio V Formulae merowingici et karolini aeui, I), Hannover, 1886, Fridvg., epist. = Fridvgisvs, Epistolae - ed. E. Dtimmler (MGH, Epp. IV, Karolini aevi, II), Berlin, 1895, p. 552-555, Fvlb., bymn. = Fvlbertvs Carnotensis ep1scopvs, Hymni et carmina -ed. PL, 141, Paris, col. 334-352. Godesc Sax., carm. = Godescalcvs Saxonicvs, Carmina - ed. L. Traube (MGH, Poetae, III), Berlin, 1896, p. 724-737. Greg. M., dial = Grego1re le Grand, Dialogues - ed. A. de Vogue (SC 251, 260, 265), Paris, 1978-1980. Greg. M., epist. = Gregorivs Magnvs, Registrum Epistularum - ed. D. Norberg (CC SL, 140-140A), Turnhout, 1982. Greg. M., in Ezech = Gregorivs Magnvs, Homiliae in Ezecbielem - ed. M. Adriaen (CC SL, 142), Turnhout, 1971. Greg. M., moral = Gregor1vs Magnvs, Moralia in lob- ed. M. Adriaen (CC SL, 143), Turnhout, 1979, Greg. M., reg. = Gregoire le Grand, Regie Pastorale - ed. B. Judic (SC, 381-382), Paris, 1992. Greg. Tvr., Franc. = Gregor1vs ep1scopvs TvronEns1s, Historia Francorum - ed. Br. Krusch - W. Levinson (MGH, Script, mer, I, 1), Hannover, 1951, ed. altera. Gvarimp., uita Blasii = Gvarimpotvs Neapolitanvs ( ?), Vita Blasii-AASS Febr. I, Bruxelles, 1902-1970, p. 349-353. [= BHL, 1379] Hadrian., epist. 95 = Hadrianvs Papa, Epistolae- ed. E. Dummler (MGH, Epp. Ill, Mer. et karol I), Berlin, 1892, p. 636-643. Herig., Vrsm. = Heriger Leodiensls scholast1cvs, Lavbacensis abbas. Vita s. Vrsmari, abbatis Laubacensis - ed. K. Strecker (MGH, Poetae, V, 1), Leipzig, 1937, p. 178-208. HibErn. Exvl, carm. = Hibernicvs Exvl, Carmina - ed. Dummler (MGH, Poetae, I), Berlin, 1881, p. 395-411. Hier., adu. Rufin. = H1eronymvs, Contra Rufinum - ed. P. Lardet (CC SL, 79), Turnhout, 1982.

WORKS QUOTED

43

Hier., c. Ioh = Hieronymvs, Contra Iobannem Hierosolymitanum episcopum - PL, 23, Paris, 1845 (repr. 1983), col. 371-412. Hier., epist. = Hieronymvs, Epistulae- ed. I. Hilberg (CSEL, 54-56), Wien, 1996 (editio altera supplementis aucta). Hier., in Eph = Hieronymvs, Commentarii in epistulam Pauli adEpbesios - PL, 26, Paris, col. 467-590. Hier., in psalm. = Hieronymvs, Commentar(oli in Psalmos - ed. G. Morin (CC SL, 72), Turnhout, 1959, p. 177-245. Hier., in Tit. = Hieronymvs, Commentarii in epistulam Pauli ad Titum PL, 26, col. 589-636, Ps.-Hil., Gen. = Ps.-Hilarivs, In Genesin ad Leonem papam - ed. R. Peiper (CSEL, 23), Wien, 1891, p. 231-239, Ps.-Hil., Macc. = Ps.-Hilarivs Pictaviensis, De martyrio Maccbabeorum ed. R. Peiper (CSEL, 23), Wien, 1891, p. 240-254. Hildeb., carm. min. - ed. Scott = H1ldebertvs CenomanEnsis episcopvs, Carmina minora - ed. A. B. Scott (Bibliotbeca Teubneriana), editio altera, Miinchen, 2001. Hos. Geta, Med = Hosidivs Geta, Medea tragoedia - ed. R. Lamachia (Bibliotbeca Teubneriana), Leipzig, 1981. Hr.ab.an., carm. = Hrabanvs Mavrvs, Carmina - ed. Diimmler (MGH, Poetae, II), Berlin, 1884, p. 159-244. Hraban., carm. app. = Hrabanvs Mavrvs, Appendix carminum - ed. E. Diimmler (MGH, Poetae, II), Berlin, 1884, p. 244-258. Hymn. Caec. = 'Hymnus s. Caeciliae', in Hymnodia gotica, n. 98 - ed. C. Blume (Analecta bymnica. 27), Leipzig, 1897, p. 140-141. Hymn, compl = Hymnus ad Completorium', in Hymnodia gotica, n. 76 - ed. C. Blume (Analecta bymnica, 27), Leipzig, 1897, p. 112. [= Diaz, 547] Hymn. Cucuph = 'Hymnus s. Cucuphatis', in Hymnodia gotica, n. 106 ed. C. Blume (Analecta bymnica, 27), Leipzig, 1897, p. 150-152. [= Diaz, 343] Hymn. lust. Past. = Hymnus ss. Iusti et Pastoris', in Hymnodia gotica, n. 146 - ed. C. Blume (Analecta bymnica, 27), Leipzig, 1897, p. 210-211. [= Diaz, 357] Hymn. mort. = Hymnus in agenda mortuorum', in Hymnodia gotica. n. 209 - ed. C. Blume (Analecta bymnica, 27), Leipzig, 1897, p. 286, Hymn. sacr. bas. = Hymnus in sacratione basilicae', in Hymnodia gotica, n. 187 - ed. C. Blume (Analecta bymnica, 27), Leipzig, 1897, p. 263-264. [= Diaz, 349I Hymn. ster. pluu. = Hymnus de sterilitate pluuiae', in Hymnodia gotica, n. 207 - ed. C. Blume (Analecta bymnica, 27), Leipzig, 1897, p. 279-281. Ild. Tol., uir. = El "De Viris Illustribus" de Ildefonso de Toledo. Estudio y edicion critica - ed. C. Codoner (Acta Salmanticensia. Filosofia y letras, 65), Salamanca, 1972. Ild. Tol., uirg. = San Ildefonso, De virginitate beatae Mariae. Historia desu tradicion manuscrita, texto y comentario gramatical y estilistico - ed. V. Blanco Garcia, Madrid, 1937, p. 55-170.

44

WORKS QUOTED

lnscr. a. i0Si = lnscriptio a. 1051, olim in ecclesia s. Mariae de Leorio non longe a Gegione', in Inscripciones medievales de Asturias, n. 218 - ed. F. Diego Santos, Oviedo, 1994, p. 199-200. lnscr. carol, aeui prope Massiliam = 'lnscriptio reperta apud Castrum de Belcodinis', in Corpus des inscriptions de la France medievale. XTV: Alpes-Maritimes, Boucbes-du-Rbone, Var, n. 61 - ed. R. Favreau J. Michaud - B. Mora, Paris, 1989, p. m-114. Ionas Avrel., imag. = Ionas Avrelianensis episcopvs, De cultu imaginum - PL, 106, Paris, col. 305-388. Isid. Ivn., uitiis = Isidorvs Ivnior, 'De uitiis et uirtutibus orationis', in Die lateiniscben Figurenlebren des 5. bis 7. Jabrbunderts und Donats Vergilkommentar - ed. U. Schindel (Abbandlungen derAkademie der Wissenscbaften in Gottingen. Pbilologiscb-Historiscbe Klasse, 3. 81), Gottingen, 1975, p. 204-241. Isid., carm. = Isidorvs Hispalens1s, Versus - ed. J. M. Sanchez Martin (CC SL, 113A), Turnhout, 2002. Isid., cbron. mund = Isidorvs Hispalensis, Cbronica - ed. J. C. Martin (CC SL, 112), Turnhout, 2003. Isid., diff. I = Isidoro de Sevilla, Differencias. Libro I - ed. C. Codoner (Auteurs latins du Moyen Age, 8), Paris, 1992. Isid., Goth = Las bistorias de los Godos, Vdndalosy Suevos de Isidoro de Sevilla - ed. C. Rodriguez Alonso (Fuentes y estudios de bistoria leonesa, 13), Leon, 1975, Isid., laud = Isidorvs Hispalensis, 'De laude Spaniae' in Las bistorias de los Godos, Vdndalos y Suevos de Isidoro de Sevilla - ed. C. Rodriguez Alonso (Fuentes y estudios de bistoria leonesa, 13), Leon, 1975, p. 168170. [= Diaz, 116] Isid., nat. = Isidore de Seville, Traite de la Nature - ed. J. Fontaine (Col lection des Etudes Augustiniennes. Serie Moyen Age et Temps Modernes, 39), Paris, 2002. Isid., orig. = Isidorvs Hispalens1s, Origines - ed. W. M. Lindsay (Scriptorum Classicorum Bibliotbeca Oxoniensis), Oxford, 1957. Isid., sent. = Isidorvs Hispalens1s, Sententiae - ed. P. Cazier (CC SL, m), Turnhout, 1998. Isid., synon. = Is1dorvs H1spalensis, Synonymorum libri de lamentatione animae - PL. 83, col. 825-868. Isid., uir. =El "De Viris Illustribus" de Isidoro de Sevilla. Estudio y edicidn critica - ed. C. Codoner (T'heses et Studia Philologica Salmanticensia, 12), Salamanca, 1964. Ps.-Isid., carm.fabr. = Ps. -Isidoro de Sevilla, 'Carmen de fabrica mundi', in M. C. DIAz Y D!az, Un poema pseudorisidoriano sobre la creacion'. Studi Medievali, u (1970), p. 397-402. [= CPL, 1229a] Ivl. Tol., carm. = Ivlianvs Toletanvs, Versus ad Modoenum - ed. B. Bischoff, Ein Brief Julians von Toledo iiber Rhythmen, metrische Dichtung und Prosa', Hermes, 87 (1959), p. 247-256 [= Diaz, 274]. Ivl. Tol., elog. Ildeph = Ivlianvs Toletanvs, Elogium beati Ildepbonsi, in J. Madoz, San Ildefonso de Toledo atraves de lapluma del arcipreste de

WORKS QUOTED

45

Talavera. Estudioy edition critica de la Vida de San Ildefonso y de la traduction del tratado Deperpetua virginitate sanctae Mariae contra tres infideles, por el Arcipreste de Talavera (Biblioteca de antiguos escritores Cristianos Espaiioles, 3), Madrid, 1943, p. 13-14, [= Diaz, 276] Ivl. Tol.,progn. = Ivlianvs Toletanvs, Prognosticon - ed. J. N. Hillgarth (CC SL, 115), Turnhout, 1976 Ps.-Ivl. Tol., arsgramm. = Ars Iuliani Toletani episcopi Una gramdtica latina de la Espana Visigoda - ed. A. H. Maestre Yenes (Publicaciones del Institute Provincial de Investigaciones y Estudios Toledanos. Vestigios del Pasado, 5), Toledo, 1973. [= Diaz, 308] Ps.-Ivl. Tol., epit. Gudilae = Ps.-Ivlianvs Toletanvs, Epitapbium Gudilae - PL 96, col. 815, Ps.-Ivl. Tol., part. orat. = Ivlianvs Toletanvs, 'De partibus orationis' - ed. L. Munzi, Annali delTIstituto Orientale di Napoli (filol.), 2-3 (1980-1981), p. 153-228. Iwenc = Gaivs Vettivs Aqvilinvs Iwencvs, Evangeliorum Libri Quattuor - ed. I. Huemer (CSEL, 24), Wien, 1891. Lex Visig. = Lex Visigotborum - ed. K. Zeumer (MGH, Legum sectio I. Leges nationum Germanicarum, I), Hannover, 1902, p. 35-456, Lib Carol = Opus Caroli regis contra synodum (Libri carolini) - ed. A. Freeman (MGH, Cone, II, Suppl I), Hannover, 1998. Lib Glossarum = Liber Glossarum in codd Paris, lat. 11w+11ji0, Vatican. Pal lat. 1773, Turon. SS0. Liber oral. = Oracional Visigotico- ed. J. Vives -J. Claveras (Monumenta Hispaniae Sacra. Serie Liturgica, 1), Barcelona, 1946, [= Diaz, 334] Liber sacram. = Le liber Mozarabicus sacramentorum et les manuscrits Mozarabes - ed. M. Ferotin, Paris, 1912. [= Diaz, 639] Livtpr., antap. = LrvTPRAndvs Ckemonens1s episcopvs, Antapodosis - ed. P. Chiesa (CC CM, 156), Turnhout, 1998. Lvx., carm. = Luxorius, A Latin poet among tbe Vandals - ed. M. Rosenblum, New York - London, 1961. Macr., Sat. = Macrobivs, Saturnalia - ed. J, Willis (Bibliotbeca Teubneriana), Leipzig, 1970'. Mar. Victor, aleth = Clavd1vs Marivs Victorivs. Aletbia - ed. P. F. Hovingh (CC SL, 128), Turnhout, 1960, p. 125-193. Marb., lapid = Marbodvs Redonensis episc, Liber lapidum - PL, 171, Paris, col. 1737-1770. Marb., carm. = Marbodvs Redonensis episcopvs, Carmina-PL, 171, Paris, col. 1647-1686; 1717-1736, Mart. Brac, carm. = Mart1nvs Bracarensis, Carmina', in Martini Epis copi Bracarensis Opera omnia - ed. C. W. Barlow (Papers and Mono grapbs oftbe American Academy in Rome. 12), New Haven, 1950, p. 282283. Mart. Brac, /orm. = Mart1nvs Bracarens1s, 'Formula Vitae Honestae' in Martini Episcopi Bracarensis Opera omnia- ed. C. W. Barlow (Papers and Monograpbs of tbe American Academy in Rome. 12), New Haven, 1950, p. 236-250.

46

WORKS QUOTED

Mart. Cap., nupt. = Mart1 anvs Capei.la, De nuptis Pbilologiae et Mercurii - ed. J. Willis (Bibliotbeca Teubneriana), Leipzig, 1983. Maxim., eleg. = Maximianvs, 'Elegiae', in Poetae Latini Minores, V - ed. E. Baehrens (Bibliotbeca Teubneriana), Leipzig, 1883, p. 316-384. Mico Cent., exempl. auct. = Mico Centvlensis, Exempla diuersorum auctorwn (Opus Prosodiacum) - ed. L. Traube (MGH, Poetae, III), Berlin, 1886-1896, p. 279-294. Mirac. N'yn. = Miracula Nynie episcopi - ed. K. Strecker (MGH, Poetae, IV, 3), Berlin, 1923, p. 943-961. Modoin., Nas. ecl = Modoinvs Avgvstodvnensis episcopvs, Nasonis ecloga - ed. E. Dummler (MGH, Poetae. I), Berlin, 1881, p. 384-391. NovATiaN., cib Iud = Novatianvs, De cibis ludaicis - ed. G. F. Diercks (CCSL, 4), Turnhout, 1972, p. 89-101. Off. Aemil = Le liber Mozarabicus sacramentorum et les manuscrits mozarabes, Officium in diem s. Aemiliani - ed. M. Ferotin (Monumenta Ecclesiae Liturgica, 6), Paris, 1912, p. 603-608. Ol1ba, uersus Bernardi = Ol1ba abbas Rivipvllensls et episcopvs Vicens1s et Avsonensis, 'Versus in laudem Bernardi Talaferri' - ed. E. Junyent i Subira, in Diplomatari i escrits literaris de I'abat i bisbe Oliba - a cura d'A. M. Mundo (lnstitut dEstudis Catalans. Memories de la Seccio Histbrico-Arqueolbgica, 44), Barcelona, 1992, p. 319-320. [= Diaz, 715] Op. centon. = Opus centonarium, scriptum in Harleiano 3685, s. xvi in., f. I4r.

Opt. Porf., carm. = Pvblilivs Optatianvs Porfyrivs, Carmina - ed. J. Polara (Corpus Scriptorum Latinorum Paravianum), Torino, 1973. Orient., comm. = Orientivs, Commonitorium - ed. C. Rapisarda, Cata nia, 1958. Pass. Eug. = Passio s. Eugenii - ed. J. F. Rivera Recio, San Eugenio de Toledo y su culto (Publicaciones del Instituto Provincial de Investigaciones y Estudios Toledanos. Monografias, 1), Toledo, 1963, p. 143-158. Pass. mart. Caes. = 'Passio martyrum innumerabilium Caesaraugustanorum', in Pasionario Hispdnico. Siglos vn-x1, II - ed. A. Fabrega Grau (Monumenta Hispaniae Sacra. Serie Liturgica, 6), Madrid-Barcelona, 1953, p. 37I-378Pass. Petri et Pauli metr. = Passio apostolorum Petri et Pauli metrica - ed. K. Strecker (MGH, Poetae, VI), Weimar, 1951, p. 122-130. Pavl. Diac, carm. = Pavlvs DIaconvs, Carmina - ed. E. Dummler (MGH, Poetae, I), Berlin, 1880-1881. p. 35-86; 625-628. Pavl. Diac, epist. = Pavlvs Diaconvs, Epistolae- ed. E. Dummler (MGH, Epp. IV, Karolini aevi, II), Berlin, 1895, p. 505-516, Pavl. Diac, gest. Langob = Pavlvs Diaconvs, Degestis Langobardorum ed. L. Bethmann - G. Waitz (MGH, Scriptores rerum langobardicarum et italicarum saec. vi-ix), Hannover, 1878, p. 45-187. Pavl. Nol., carm. = Sanctvs Pontivs Meropivs Pavlinvs Nolanvs, Car mina - ed. G. de Hartel (CSEL, 30), Wien, 1894 (editio altera supple mentis aucta - cur. M. Kamptner, 1999).

WORKS QUOTED

47

Pavl. Nol., carm. app. = Sanctvs Pontivs Meropivs Pavlinvs Nolanvs, Appendix carminum - ed. G. de Hartel (CSEL, 30), Wien, 1894 (editio altera supplementis aucta - cur. M. Kamptner, 1999), p. 344-357. Pavl. Pell., orat. = Paulin de Pella, Poeme d Action de Graces et Priere ed. C. Moussy (SC, 209), Paris, 1974, p. 211-225, Pavl. Petr1c, Mart. = Pavlinvs Petricord1ae, De uita Martini - ed. M. Petschenig (CSEL, 16, 1), Wien, 1888, p. 17-159, Pavl. Petric, orant. = Pavlinvs Petricordiae, De orantibus - ed. M. Petschenig (CSEL, 16, 1), Wien, 1888, p. 165, Pavl. Petric, uisit. nepot. = Pavl1nvs Petricordiae, De visitatione nepotuli sui - ed. M. Petschenig (CSEL, 16, 1), Wien, 1888, p. 161-164, Pavlin. Aqvil, carm. = L'omvre poetique de Paulin dAquilee - ed. D. Norberg, Stockholm, 1979, Pavlin. Aqvil., carm. dub = Pavlinvs Aqv1legiensis, Carmina dubia- ed. E. Dummler (MGH, Poetae, I), Berlin, 1881, p. 136-148. Petr. Pis., carm. = Petrvs Pisanvs diaconvs, Carmina - ed. E. Dummler (MGH, Poetae, I), Berlin, 1881, p. 48-86, Phoc, carm. de Verg. = Foca, Vita di Virgilio: introduzione, testo, traduzione e commentato - ed. G. Brugnoli (Testi e studi di cultura classica, 1), Pisa, 1983. Phoc, gramm. praef metr. = Phocas, 'Ars', in Grammatici Latini, V ed. H. Keil, Leipzig, 1868, p. 410-439, Planct. Carol = Planctus de obitu Caroli - ed. E. Dummler (MGH, Po etae. I), Berlin, 1881, p. 435-436, Pol. Silv., laterc. - Polemivs Silvivs. Laterculus continens fastos aliaque - ed. Th. Mommsen (MGH. Auct. ant.. IX: Cbron. min., I), Berlin, 1892, p. 511-551.

Porph., Hor. epist.= Pompon1vs Porphyrio, Commentum in Horatii Flacci epistulas - ed. A. Holder, Innsbruck, 1894 (repr. New York, 1979). Proba = Proba, cento Vergilianus - ed. C. Schenkl (CSEL, 16, 1 ), Wien, 1888, p. 568-609, Prosp., epigr. = Prosper Tiro Aquitanvs, Epigrammata ex sententiis Augustini - PL, 51, col. 497-532. Ps.-Prosp., carm. ad coni = Ps.-Prosper Tiro Aquitanvs, Carmen ad coniugem - ed. Hartel (CSEL, 30), 1894, p. 344-348Ps.-Prosp., carm. de prou. = Ps.-Prosper Tiro Aqu1tanvs, Carmen de prouidentia dei - PL, 51, col. 617-638. Prvd., apoth = Avrelivs Prvdent1vs Clemens, Liber Apotheosis - ed. M. P. Cunningham (CC SL, 126), Turnhout, 1966, p. 73-115, Prvd., c. Symm. = Avrelivs Prvdentivs Clemens, Contra Symmacbum ed. M. P. Cunningham (CC SL, 126), Turnhout, 1966, p. 182-250. Prvd., cath = Avrelivs Prvdentivs Clemens, Liber Catbemerinon - ed. M. P. Cunningham (CC SL, 126), Turnhout, 1966, p. 3-72. Prvd., ditt. = Avrel1vs Prvdentivs Clemens. Tituli Historiarum - ed. M. P. Cunningham (C7C7 5I, 126), Turnhout, 1966, p. 390-400. Prvd., bam. = Avrel1vs Prvdentivs Clemens, Amartigenia - ed. M. P. Cunningham (CC SL, 126), Turnhout, 1966, p. 116-148.

48

WORKS QUOTED

Prvd., perist. = Avrelivs Prvdentivs Clemens, Liber Peristefanon - ed. M. P. Cunningham (CC SL, 126), Turnhout, 1966, p. 251-389, Prvd., psych = Avrelivs Prvdentivs Clemens, Psycbomacbia - ed. M. P. Cunningham (CC SL, 126), Turnhout, 1966, p. 149-181. Rbytbm. Mer. et Car.= Rbytbmi aeui Merovingici et Carolini - ed. K. Strecker (MGH, Poetae, IV, 2), Miinchen, 1914, p. 455-900. Samson Cord., carm. = Samson Cordvbensis, 'Carmina', in Corpus scriptorum Muzarabicorum, II - ed. J. Gil (Consejo superior de investigaciones cientificas. Manuales y anejos de Emerita, 28), Madrid, 1973, p. 665, [= Diaz, 509] Scbol Vallicell = 'Scholia in Isidori Etymologias Vallicelliana' - ed. J. Whatmough, Arcbivum latinitatis medii aevi, 2 (1925), p. 57-75; 134169, Sedvl., carm. pasch = Sedvlivs, Carmen Pascbale - ed. J. Huemer (CSEL, 10), Wien, 1885, p. 14-146, Sedvl., epist. = Sedvl1vs, Epistulae ad Macedonium presbyterum - ed. J. Huemer (CSEL, 10), Wien, 1885, p. 1-13; 171-174, Sedvl., bymn. = Sedvlivs, Hymni - ed. J. Huemer (CSEL, 10), Wien, 1885, p. 155-168. Sedvl., op. pasch = Sedvlivs, Opus Pascbale - ed. J. Huemer (CSEL, 10), Wien, 1885, p. 175-303. Sedvl. Scott., carm. = Sedvlivs Scottvs, Carmina - ed. J. Meyers (CC CM, 117), Turnhout, 1991. Sedvl. Scott., carm. app. = Sedvlivs Scottvs, Carmina, app. - ed. L. Traube (MGH, Poetae, III), Berlin, 1896, p. 238-240. Ps.-Sen., de Verborum Copia = J. Fohlen, 'Un apocryphe de Seneque mal connu: le De Verborum Copia', Mediaeval Studies, 42 (1980), p. 139- 211. Serv., Aen. = Servtvs, Commentarius in Vergilii Opera - ed. G. Thilo H. Hagen, Leipzig, 1923-1927. Serv., definalibus = Servtvs. 'De finalibus ad Aquilinum' in Grammatici latini - ed. H. Keil, IV, Leipzig, 1864 (repr. Hildesheim, 1961), p. 449455. Serv., uita Verg. = Vitae Vergilianae Antiquae: vita Donati, vita Servii, vita Probiana. vita Focae, S. Hieronymi excerpta- ed. C. Hardie (Scriptorum Classicorum Bibliotbeca Oxoniensis), Oxford, 1966 (2nd ed.), p. 17-20.

S1don., carm. = Sidoine Apoll1naire, Tome I: Poemes - ed. A. Loyen (Collection des Universites de France), Paris, 1960. Sisbert. Tol., exbort. = Sisbertvs Toletanvs, Evbortatio poenitendi - ed. Strecker (MGH, Poetae, IV, 2), Berlin, 1914, p. 762-768. [= Diaz, 305] Sisbert. Tol., lament. = S1sbertvs Toletanvs, Lamentum poenitentiae ed. K. Strecker (MGH, Poetae, IV, 2), Berlin, 1914, p. 770-783. [= Diaz, 304] Siseb. Rex, carm. Isid = Sisebvtvs Rex, Epistola ad Isidorum de libro rotarum, in Isidore de Seville, Traite de la Nature- ed. J. Fontaine (Col lection des Etudes Augustiniennes. Serie Moyen Age et Temps Modernes, 39), Paris, 2002, p. 328-335, [= Diaz, 92]

WORKS QUOTED

49

Siseb. Rex. ep. Cic. = Sisebvtvs. 'Epistola ad Cicilium episc Mentesanum', in Miscellanea Wisigotbica- ed. J. Gil (Anales de la Universidad Hispalense. Filosofia y letras, 15), Sevilla, 1972, p. 1-6, [= Diaz, 90] S1seb. Rex, ep. Tend = Sisebvtvs Rex, 'Epistola ad Teudilanem filium', in Miscellanea Wisigotbica - ed. J. Gil (Anales de la Universidad Hispalense. Filosofia y letras, 25), Sevilla, 1972, p. 15-19, [= Diaz, 87] Siseb. Rex. Vita Des. = Sisebvtvs Rex, 'Vita uel Passio Desiderii episc Viennensis'. in Miscellanea Wisigotbica - ed. J. Gil (Anales de la Univer sidad Hispalense. Filosofia y letras, 15), Sevilla, 1972. p. 53-68. [= Diaz, 86] Smar., carm. = Smaragdvs, Carmina - ed. L. Holtz - B. Lofstedt - A. Kibre (CC CM, 68), Turnhout, 1986, Smar., gramm. = Smaragdus. Liber in partibus Donati - ed. L. Holtz B. Lofstedt - A. Kibre (CC CM, 68), Turnhout, 1986, Sol., rer. mem. = C. Ivl1vs Solinvs. Collectanea rerum memorabilium ed. Th. Mommsen, Berlin, 1895 (1958, editio altera). Subscr. cod Cas. 23 = 'Subscriptio codicis Casinensis 23, saec XT - ed. E. A. Lowe, Tbe Beneventan Script. A History of Soutb Italian miniscule, Oxford, 19802, I, p. 333. Symph. = Symphosivs, Centum epigrammata tristicha aenigmatica - ed. Fr. Glorie (CC SL, 133A), Turnhout, 1968, p. 621-721. Ta1o Caesaravg. ep. Eug. = Taio Caesaravgvstanvs, 'Epistola ad Eugenium', in M. C. DUz Y DIAz, Librosy Librerias en la Rioja altomedieval (Biblioteca de temas riojanos, 28), Logrono, 1991, 2a ed. p. 342-346, Taio Caesaravg., sent. = Taio Caesaravgvstanvs, Sententiarum libri VPL, 80, col. 727-990. [= Diaz, 209] Theodvlf., carm. = Theodvlfys AvrElianensis, Carmina - ed. E. Diimmler (MGH, Poetae, I), Berlin, 1880-1881, p. 445-591; 629-630. Tit. metr. = Tituli varii metrici evi Carolini - ed. K. Strecker (MGH. Poetae, IV. 3), Berlin, 1923, p. 1043-1055. Tit. saec. noni = Tituli saeculi noni ineuntis - ed. E. Diimmler (MGH. Poetae, I), Berlin, 1881, p. 430-433. Valer. Berg., monach = Valerivs Bergidens1s, 'De genere monachorum'. in Anecdota Wisigotbica, I: Estudios y ediciones de textos literarios menores de epoca visigoda - ed. M. C. Diaz y Diaz, (Acta Salmanticensia. Filosofia y letras, 12, 2), Salamanca, 1958, p. 56-61. [= Diaz, 289I Valer. Berg., ordo = Valerivs Berg1densis, 'Ordo querimoniae'. in San Valerio. Obras - ed. R. Fernandez Pousa, Madrid, 1944, p. 158-173. [= Diaz, 292] Ven. Fort., carm. = Venance Fortunat, (Eutres, I-III: Poemes - ed. M. Reydellet (Collection des Universites de France, 315; 346; 374), Paris, 1994; 1998; 2004. Ven. Fort., Mart. = Venance Forttnat, CEuvres. IV: Vie de Saint Martin ed. S. Quesnel (Collection des Universites de France. 336), Paris, 1996, Ven. Fort., uita Radeg. = Venantivs Fortvnatvs, Vita sanctae Redegundis-ed. B. Krusch (MGH, Auct. ant., IV, 2), Berlin, 1885, p. 38-49 (repr. Miinchen, 1981).

50

WORKS QUOTED

Verec, satisfact. = Verecvndvs Ivncensis, Carmen de Paenitentia - ed. M. G. Bianco (Collana di studi e testi KOlNflNIA, 10), Napoli, 1984. Vers. adKar. Caluum biblpsalt. = Bibliotbecarum et Psalteriorum Versus ad Karolum Caluum - ed. L. Traube (MGH. Poetae, III), Berlin, 18861896, p. 243-264. Vers. lect = 'Versus supra lectum', in M. C. DIAz y DfAz, Libros y Librerias en la Rioja altomediet'al {Biblioteca de temas riojanos. 28), 2nd ed., Logrono, 1981, p. 293-296, [= Diaz, 446] Vers. Scott. II = Versus Scottorum - ed. K. Strecker (MGH, Poetae, IV, 3), Berlin, 1923, p. 1119-1127. Vers. Vat. 5330 = Versus in cod Vat. lat. 5330 - ed. K. Strecker (MGH. Poetae, VI, 1), Weimar, 1951, p. 144-153. Vita Fruct. = La Vida de San Fructuoso de Braga - ed. M. C. Diaz y Diaz, Braga, 1974. Vita Galli II = Vita Galli confessoris metrica - ed. E. Diimmler (MGH, Poetae. II), Berlin, 1884, p. 429-473. Vita Gerard Bron. = Vita s. Gerardi, abbatis Broniensis - ed. G. Waitz (MGH, Script., XV), Berlin, 1887, p. 655-673. Vita Veren. II = Vita Verene recentior- ed. K. Strecker (MGH, Poetae, V, 1), Leipzig, 1937, p. 96-99, Wandalb., carm. = Wandalbertvs Prvmiensis, Carmina - ed. E. Diimmler (MGH, Poetae. II), Berlin, 1884, p. 569-622. W1gb., epigr. op. subs. = Wigbodvs, 'Epigramma Operis subsequentis', in Veterum scriptorum et monumentorum bistoricorum, dogmaticorum, moralium amplissima collectio, IX - ed. E. Martene - U. Durand, Paris, 1733, col. 295-297 (unde ed. E. Diimmler (MGH, Poetae, I), Berlin, 1881, p. 96-97). Wigb., laus regis = Wigbodvs, 'Laus regis. Adlocutio ad regem', in Vete rum scr(ptorum et monumentorum bistoricorum. dogmaticorum, moralium amplissima collectio, IX - ed. E. Martene - U. Durand, Paris, 1733, col. 295 (unde ed. E. Diimmler (MGH, Poetae. I), Berlin, 1881, p. 95-96). Wigb., ratio VII dierum = Wigbodvs, Ratio VII dierum', in Veterum scrip torum et monumentorum bistoricorum, dogmaticorum, moralium am plissima collectio, IX - ed. E. Martene - U. Durand, Paris, 1733, col. 297298.

LIBELLVS CARMINVM

INTRODUCTION I. THE MANUSCRIPT TRADITION

A few decades after his death, Eugenius was already considered a 'classic' in the Visigothic schools. The Ars grammatica usually at tributed to an alleged pupil of Eugenius, Julian, bishop of Toledo (680-690), which in all likelihood represents the school methods in the urbs regia in the late seventh century, used several of his poems and his edition of Dracontius for illustrating a number of metrical and grammatical issues'. At the same time, in the north of Spain, the greatest literary personality of the last quarter of the seventh century, Valerius of Bierzo, also quoted two pieces of Eugenius2. Fifty years later, an inscription concerning a certain Crispinus, found in 1859 in Guarrazar, Toledo, quotes carm. 26}. Finally, King Chindasuinth's epitaph (carm. 25) was imitated in an eighth-century inscription found in Gerena, Seville4. All this evi dence shows the interest in reading and imitating Eugenius' po etry in Spain in the decades following his death and in the eighth century. But the earliest and the best witnesses to Eugenius' col lection of carmina are products of Carolingian circles. This is why we will focus our attention first on the Carolingian manuscript tradition before returning to the Hispanic codices. ' On the authorship, see C. Beeson, The ars grammatica of Julian of To ledo', in Miscellanea Francesco Ebrle. Scritti di storia e paleografia ... pubblicati in occasione dell'ottantesimo natalizio delie.mo Cardinale Francesco Ebrle (Studi e Testi, 37-42). I, Roma, 1924, p. 52; Ps.-Ivl. Tol., ars gramm. ed. Maestre Yenes. p. xxi-xxvii; as for a presumed second part, see Ps.-Ivl. Tol.. part. or. - ed. L. Munzi. p. 157-159; J. Carracedo Fraga, 'Sobre la autoria del tratado gramatical atribuido a Julian de Toledo'. Eupbrosyne, 33 (2005). p. 189-200 (accepting Julian's authorship). There is no doubt that the texts belong to seventh-century Visigothic Spain: King Ervig's name (680-687) 1S 'n a grammatical example in ars gramm. 1. 1, 85 (p. 24. 379); King Egica (687702) is mentioned in part. orat. (p. 171, 22). ' See below on carm. 80-85, ' ICERV, 293 (=Diaz. 439); the inscription is today in the Museo Arqueologico NacionaI. Madrid. * J. A. Correa -J. Pereira, 'Sobre dos inscripciones halladas en Gerena (Sevilla)', Habis. 3 (1972), p. 325-329.

54

INTRODUCTION 1. The Caroungian Anthologies of Eugenius of Toledo

By the late eighth century, a selection from Eugenius' libelhls and his edition of Dracontius had arrived at Carolingian milieux. The earliest clue for their presence emerges from the circle of Charle magne. Theodulf was acquainted with what we could call the 'large anthology' of the carmina and with the edition of Dracon tius; and the poetic preface to this last work was imitated by Wigbod in his dedicatory verses addressed to Charlemagne. Several other Carolingian authors show their knowledge of Eugenius' poems, as we shall see below. a. The Descendants of 8) and the Bibliotheque du Roi (4328.3.3.a; see also Catalogus codicum manuscriptorum Bibliotbecae Regiae. Ill, Parisiis, 1744, p. 329-330). " AL, 516 and 638 (f. 58r-v). Ps.-Ov., argum. georg. and argum. Aen. (AL, 2. 9-24 and 1) (f. 58v-61v), an epigram attributed to Octavianus Caesar (AL, 672), followed by Schaller, 13269 (inc. Qui latas uarias uestiuit gramine ter ras'; AL. I' (1870), p. x) (f. 61v-62v) and Alcv1n., carm. 119 (f. 62v). 60 See Carm. de Sod - ed. L. Morisi, p. 25-36 (the editor demonstrates the relationship of Paris, 2772 with Laon 279 and 273 and Paris, lat. 14758, all of them containing Eugenius' Hexaemeron: see p. 285-290).

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INTRODUCTION f. 79r-87r6' f. 89v-96v

f. 96v-108v

Pavl. Nol., carm. 17; 9; 7, 1-7 Ps.-Cato, dist., belonging to the same tradition as that of Madrid 10029, Part I (= Ma)62 and F63, and Epitapbium filii Catonis (AL, 487a), by a different hand from that which wrote Paulinus of Nola Mart. Brac, form. (f. 96v-1o3r), and other gnomic pieces64

Paris, lat. 7540: f. ir-4v Serv., De finalibus (GL, IV, p. 449-455) f. 5r-8v Evg. Tol., carm., written by the same, or a very similar, hand as that which wrote f. 4-76v of lat. 2772'' f. 9v-68v Cunabula grammaticae artis Donati, written by the hand that copied Servius and two other related hands, very si milar, if not the same, to that which appears on f. 89vio8v of lat. 27j266. It is divided into three parts67. After each one, supplements to particular subjects were inserted68.

6' As stated above, f. 77-78 is an additional bifolio. Paulinus' poems are followed by some later additions: on f. 87v. 'Scande caeli templa, uirgo' (Mart. Cap., nupt. 2, 123) and Vers. Scott. II, Problema I, Solutio II (p. 1120); on f. 88r-v, a grammatical excerpt published in L. MunzI, 'Testi grammaticali e renovatio studiorum carolingia', in Manuscripts and Tradition of Gram matical Textsfrom Antiquity to tbe Renaissance. Proceedings of a Conference beld at Erice. 16-23 october 1997 - ed. M. de Nonno - P. de Paolis - L. Holtz, I, Cassino, 2000, p. 377-378. 6' See p. 88-95, ''' See Ps.-Cato, dist. - ed. Boas - Botschuyver, p. Ixvii-lxviii. 64 Such as Ps.-Caecilius Balbus' De Nugis philosopborum (f. 103r-105r) and the Praecepta Pytagorae (f. 105r). For the subsequent texts, see Catalogue general des manuscrits latins de la Bibliotbeque Nationale de Paris, III (1952), p. 70-71. 6' Compare, e.g.. lat. 7540, f. 7v, with lat. 2772, f. 48v-5or: the copyist used the same dark ink in the text and the same red-orange in the titles and initial letters of poems. 66 Compare, e.g., lat. 7540, f. 9v-1or and 19v-2or with lat. 2772, f. 98v-99r. As for the hand which wrote Servius, compare lat. 7540, f. 3v-4r with f. 21r and 47r-v. 67 On f. 9r there is a list of monosyllabic words (Nomina monosylaba om nia) by a hand similar to that which copied Aldhelm (f. 69r-74v). On f. 9v15v, one reads Cun. gramm. (col 613C-619C): Artium Donati liber ita aplerisque uitiatus est et corruptus ... penultima quam ultima acuenda quomodo? ut Micenae: the text follows on f. 26r-33r (coI. 619C-625B: ego quae pars orationis est? ... quam responsio est), and on f. 61r-68v (coI. 625B-632C : prudeuter quaepars orationis est? Adverbium ... ueluti quibusdam perturbationum fontibus dimanare dicuntur). 68 These are: 1) on f. 15v-25v, after the chapter De nomine of Cun. gramm. (f. 9v-15v), a De declinatione nominum. published by V. Law, 'A French meta morphosis of an English grammatical genre: declinationes into termina-

LIBELLVS CARMINVM f. 6