Internet Arabic 9780748644933

Citation preview

Internet Arabic

Books in the series Media Persian Dominic Parviz Brookshaw Internet Arabic Mourad Diouri Security Arabic Mark Evans Media Arabic 2nd edition Elisabeth Kendall www.euppublishing.com/series/emev

● Essential Middle Eastern Vocabularies ●

Internet Arabic

Mourad Diouri

EDINBURGH University Press

© Mourad Diouri, 2013 Edinburgh University Press Ltd 22 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9LF www.euppublishing.com Typeset in Times New Roman and printed and bound in Great Britain by CPI Group (UK) Ltd, Croydon CR0 4YY A CIP record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 978 0 7486 4491 9 (paperback) ISBN 978 0 7486 4693 3 (webready PDF) ISBN 978 0 7486 5543 4 (epub) The right of Mourad Diouri to be identified as author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. The e-Learning materials (audio recording and e-Flashcard sets) were produced by Mourad Diouri (e-Learning Lecturer/Developer in Arabic Studies, University of Edinburgh).

CONTENTS User Guide

vi

Introduction

1

1. General

7

2. Computer Hardware

25

3. My Digital Identity 4. Web Browsing & Surfing

29 37

5. Web Searching 5.1 General 5.2 Search themes

51 51 55

6. Internet Services 7. Written Online Communication 7.1 General 7.2 Email communication 7.3 Instant messaging (IM) 7.4 Blogging 7.5 Text processing & file management

57 63 63 65 70 73 76

8. Audio-visual Internet 8.1 Visual internet 8.2 Audio internet 8.3 Multimedia internet

81 81 84 87

9. E-Learning

91

10. Online Social Networking

99

12. Online & IT Security

103 109

13. Mobile Internet

117

Index

123

11. Online Collaboration

USER GUIDE To enhance your ability to recall the vocabulary and to pronounce it correctly, this book is accompanied by audio recordings and audio-visual e-Flashcards of the entire contents of each chapter, recorded in both English and Arabic. This e-Learning material is provided in two formats: 1. Audio recordings compatible with iPods and other devices (via MP3 files on the CD accompanying this book and via http://www.euppublishing.com/page/emev/e-learning); 2. Audio-visual e-Flashcards (via http://www. euppublishing.com/page/emev/e-learning). Material on the website requires access token 44919Di. Audio recordings Main features ● Each Arabic term is recorded with authentic native pronunciation at normal speed. ● Each Arabic term is preceded by its equivalent in English. ● Each chapter is recorded as a single MP3 track (the track numbers correspond to the chapter numbers, e.g. Track 01 = Chapter 1). ● The audio files can be played on a computer or transferred to an MP3 device (e.g. iPod, mobile phone, etc.), enabling you to study on the move. Tips ● Make sure that you engage actively with the audio recordings by repeating each Arabic term during the pause.

USER GUIDE  vii ● Pause the recording and challenge yourself to produce the Arabic word before it is announced. Audio-visual e-Flashcards Main features ● Designed with the language-learning software Before You Know It (BYKI), available as a free download suitable for Windows or Mac at www.byki.com/fls (select ‘Arabic’ as your chosen language). ● Each e-Flashcard contains the English term on one side and the Arabic on the reverse. ● Each term is recorded in Arabic and English at normal speed. ● Both sounds (English and Arabic) can be slowed down for paced listening. ● Vocabulary acquisition is accelerated through a variety of fun interactive self-assessment activities. Tips Keep track of your progress through BYKI’s interactive self-assessment modes: ● Preview it: learn and review the vocabulary in e-Flashcard mode including audio, without being assessed. ● Recognise it: test your recognition of the vocabulary in English from the Arabic side, and vice versa. ● Produce it: test your knowledge of the vocabulary in English by typing its translation in Arabic, and vice versa.

viii  USER GUIDE Download The Internet Arabic BYKI sets are available at http://www.euppublishing.com/page/emev/e-learning using access code 44919Di. For more information about BYKI, go to www.byki.com.

INTRODUCTION With the exponential growth of the internet worldwide, internet terminology is considered one of the fastest growing areas of knowledge. The growing need for a concise guide to internet terminology in Arabic is now greater than ever. This terminology is what this book refers to as Internet Arabic. The internet has been and still is responsible for introducing a wide range of buzzwords such as Web 2.0, social networking, podcasting and blogging. Most of these terms first came into circulation as jargon among specialists in scientific, academic and technical communities before merging into mainstream language use and eventually becoming day-to-day clichés. This book is for English-speakers who wish to make the most of Arabic internet resources easily and speedily without being hindered by complicated technical terminology. This book is also valuable to Arabic speakers who are familiar with Arabic internet terminology and wish to familiarise themselves with the equivalent terms in English. The book serves as a quick-fix reference and pocket guide to bring readers up to speed with contemporary, commonly used jargon and new coinages and expressions related to the second generation of web technologies referred to as Web 2.0. This involves general terms such as blogging (‫)ﺍﻟﺘَ ْﺪﻭﻳﻦ‬, podcasting (‫ﻲ‬ َ ‫)ﺍﻟﺘَ ْﺪﻭﻳﻦ ﺍﻟ‬, social networking ّ ‫ﺼﻮْ ﺗ‬ (‫)ﺍﻟﺘَﻮﺍﺻُﻞ ﺍ ِﻻﺟْ ﺘِﻤﺎﻋ ّﻲ‬, tagging (‫)ﺗَﻮْ ﺳﻴﻢ‬, cloud computing (‫)ﺣَﻮْ َﺳﺒﺔ َﺳﺤﺎﺑﻴّﺔ‬, collective intelligence (‫)ﺍﻟ َﺬﻛﺎء ﺍﻟﺘَﻌﺎ ُﻭﻧ ّﻲ‬,

2  INTRODUCTION internet slang (‫)ﻋﺎ ﱢﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬, netiquette ( ‫ﺁﺩﺍﺏ ﻭﺃَ ْﺧـﻼﻕ‬ ‫)ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬, and more specific terms such as Arabic chat alphabet (‫)ﻟُﻐﺔ َﺩﺭْ ﺩَﺷﺔ ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬, Arabish (‫ ) َﻋ َﺮﺑِﻴّﺔ ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬or Arabizi (‫) َﻋ َﺮﺑﻴﺰﻱ‬. Due to the socio-linguistic phenomenon of Arabic diglossia, some internet terminology might have a number of competing variants. These will mostly depend on their frequency and geographical usage and on those who originally coined the terms (for example, internet users, the Arabic language academies, etc.). For instance, the term ‘the internet’ can be translated into Arabic as: ‫ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬, ‫ﺍﻟ َﺸﺒَﻜﺔ‬, ‫َﺷﺒَﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍ ِﻻﺗﱢﺼﺎﻻﺕ‬, ‫ ﺍﻟﻨِﺖ‬and more recently ‫ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺑِﻜﺔ‬and ‫ﺍﻟ ِﻤﻌْﻤﺎﻡ‬. However, in informal contexts some terms are commonly known among Arabs by their loanwords, which may replace, become Arabised or coexist with their standard Arabic counterparts, mainly for convenience and ease of use. For instance: online ْ (‫)ﺃﻭ ْﻧﻼﻳْﻦ‬, chat (‫)ﺷﺎﺕ‬, wiki (‫)ﻭﻳﻜﻲ‬, mobile (‫)ﻣﻮﺑﺎﻳْﻞ‬, Bluetooth (‫)ﺍﻟﺒْﻠﻮﺗﻮﻭﺙ‬, portable phone (‫)ﺍﻟﺒﻮﺭْ ﺗﺎﺑْﻞ‬, MP3 (‫ )ﺇ ْﻡ ﺑﻲ ْﺛﺮﻱ‬and GPS ( ْ‫)ﺟﻲ ﺑﻲ ﺇﺱ‬. Methodology The terms in this book were collected, categorised, validated and evaluated using a variety of references (see references below), with the Arabic web as the primary source. Internet services and tools that are well known, such as Google (‫)ﻏﻮ ِﻏﻞ‬, Microsoft (‫)ﻣﺎ ْﻳ ْﻜﺮﻭﺳﻮﻓْﺖ‬, Twitter (‫) ْﺗﻮﻳ ْﺘﺮ‬, Facebook (‫ )ﻓِ ْﻴ ْﺴﺒﻮﻙ‬and Yahoo (‫)ﻳﺎﻫﻮ‬, are usually transliterated into Arabic such that they are easily recognisable and hence they are not included in this book as separate entries.

INTRODUCTION  3 A number of internet terms and expressions do not translate completely literally. This book provides their closest equivalents (in English or Arabic), as commonly found on the web. For instance, ‘agree’ is translated as (‫) ُﻣﻮﺍﻓِﻖ‬, ‘confirm’ as (‫)ﺗَﺄْﻛﻴﺪ‬, ‘tag’ as ( ‫َﻛﻠِﻤﺔ‬ ‫) ِﻣ ْﻔﺘﺎ ِﺣﻴّﺔ‬, ‘unfollow’ as (‫ ) ْﺇﻟﻐﺎء ﺍﻟ ُﻤﺘﺎﺑَﻌﺔ‬and ‘join group’ as (‫ﻀﻤﺎﻡ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟ َﻤﺠْ ﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬ ِ ‫)ﻁَﻠَﺐ ﺍ ِﻻ ْﻧ‬. The terms are arranged in easy-to-learn themebased lists and the book is divided into thirteen selfcontained chapters covering a wide range of internet-related themes. These include some of the most recent internet-related fields such as eLearning, blogging, online social networking, mobile internet and digital identity. Each section has its own internal logic and terms are grouped by meaning and etymological connection. Alphabetical ordering of terms has been avoided since this can be counter-productive to memorisation. However, the index can be used to search for specific terms alphabetically. Every effort has been made to ensure that this book is up-to-date at the time of compilation and that it includes the most common and current terms. Some terms were deemed too technical to be included, or were considered less popular synonyms of terms already included. Undoubtedly, new terms will emerge, whilst others will disappear or become replaced as technology and the internet continue to evolve. Notes on the formal presentation To make the best use of space, synonyms have been placed after a forward slash. In general, where the

4  INTRODUCTION word that is a synonym is part of a longer term, only the synonymous word is given, not the whole term. However, where this would result in splitting the idafa, the whole term is repeated. Additionally, in cases where this would in any case result in the Arabic running over the line, a separate Arabic entry has been included, with a ditto on the English side. The Arabic is vocalised to ensure correct pronunciation and entrench in the mind the vocalisation patterns of certain structures. However, short vowels are not supplied where: ● a fatha precedes a long alif or a ta’ marbuta; ● a kasra precedes a long ya; ● a damma precedes a long waw. The pronunciation of sun and moon letters is assumed knowledge and has not been marked. End vowels have not been supplied where they are not generally pronounced or where they vary for case. In general, Arabic nouns are supplied in both the singular and plural; the plural is printed after the comma. First form verbs These have been supplied in the form of the basic stem (past tense masculine singular) followed by the present tense (masculine singular with the middle vowel marked) and the masdar (verbal noun). The middle vowel of the past tense has only been supplied where this is not a fatha. Where two short vowels are marked with the same letter, this indicates that both are possible.

INTRODUCTION  5 Derived forms of the verb These have been supplied only in the form of the basic stem (past tense masculine singular), since present tense vocalisation and masdars are predictable for derived forms of the verb. The present tense and masdars have been supplied only where the spelling of the verb changes significantly (for example, the present tense of second form first radical hamza verbs), where a separate vocabulary item is intended, or where the word is commonly misvocalised. Dedication & Acknowledgements This book is dedicated to my beloved mother for all her unconditional love, support and devotion. I would like to thank the editor, Dr Elisabeth Kendall, Dr Muntasir Al-Hamad, Dr Gill Kirkup and Mrs Abla Oudeh for their thorough comments and feedback throughout the process of producing this book. Any errors remain my own. Mourad Diouri Edinburgh May 2013 Abbreviations s.o. coll. v.i. v.t. n.

someone colloquial intransitive verb transitive verb noun

‫‪1. GENERAL‬‬ ‫‪the internet‬‬

‫ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬

‫"‬

‫ﺍﻟ َﺸﺒَﻜﺔ‬

‫"‬

‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺑِﻜﺔ‬

‫‪the net‬‬ ‫‪the intranet‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻨِﺖ )‪(coll.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻹ ْﻧ ْﺘﺮﺍﻧِﺖ‬

‫‪extranet‬‬

‫َﺷﺒَﻜﺔ ُﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴّﺔ‬

‫‪the web‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻮﻳﺐ )‪(coll.‬‬

‫‪world wide web‬‬ ‫)‪(WWW‬‬ ‫"‬ ‫‪world wide web‬‬ ‫‪consortium‬‬ ‫)‪(W3C‬‬ ‫"‬ ‫& ‪information‬‬ ‫‪communication‬‬ ‫‪technologies‬‬ ‫)‪(ICT‬‬

‫َﺷﺒَﻜﺔ ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟَﻤﻴّﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ َﺸﺒَﻜﺔ ﺍﻟ َﻌ ْﻨ َﻜﺒﻮﺗﻴّﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟَﻤﻴّﺔ‬ ‫ُﻣﻨَﻈﱠﻤﺔ ‪W3C‬‬

‫ﺭﺍﺑِﻄﺔ ﺍﻟ َﺸﺒَﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟَﻤﻴّﺔ‬ ‫ﺗِ ْﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺍﻟ َﻤﻌْﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫َﻭﺍ ِﻻﺗﱢﺼﺎﻻﺕ‬

8  GENERAL

‫َﻋﺼْ ﺮ ﺍﻟ َﻤﻌْﻠﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴّﺔ‬ ‫ﺯَ َﻣﻦ ﺍﻟ َﻤﻌْﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ُﻣﺠْ ﺘَ َﻤﻊ ﺍﻟ َﻤ ْﻌ ِﺮﻓﺔ‬ ‫ُﻣﺠْ ﺘَ َﻤﻊ ﺍﻟ َﻤﻌْﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄَﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟ َﺴﺮﻳﻊ ﻟِ ْﻠ َﻤﻌْﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻧَ ْﻘﻞ ﺍﻟ َﻤﻌْﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍِﺭْ ﺗِﻔﺎﻉ َﺣﺠْ ﻢ ﺍﻟ َﻤﻌْﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬

information age " knowledge society information society the information superhighway information transfer information overload

‫ﺛَﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬

internet culture

‫ﺛَﻮْ ﺭﺓ ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬

internet revolution

‫َﺣﻮْ َﻛﻤﺔ ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬

internet governance

ْ ‫ﺃﺧﻼﻕ ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬

internet ethics

‫ﻓُﻘﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬

internet bubble

‫ﻓُﻘﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺕ ﻛﻮﻡ‬

dot-com bubble

‫ﻧَﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬

internet activism

‫‪GENERAL  9‬‬

‫‪internet meme‬‬ ‫‪internet hoax‬‬

‫ﻣﻴﻢ ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‪- ،‬ﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬ ‫ُﺧ ْﺪﻋﺔ ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‪ُ ،‬ﺧﺪَﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ِﻧﺖ‬

‫‪internet humour‬‬

‫ﻓُﻜﺎﻫﺔ ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬

‫‪internet vigilantism‬‬

‫ﻳَﻘَﻈﺔ ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬

‫‪internet personality‬‬

‫ﺷ َْﺨﺼﻴّﺔ ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‪- ،‬ﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬

‫‪internet/web‬‬ ‫‪celebrity‬‬

‫َﻣ ْﺸﻬﻮﺭ ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ِﻧﺖ‪َ ،‬ﻣﺸﺎﻫﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬

‫‪social celebrity‬‬ ‫)‪(social networks‬‬

‫ﻤﺎﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﺸﺎﻫﻴﺮ‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫َﻣ ْﺸﻬﻮﺭ ﺍِﺟْ ﺘِ‬ ‫ﺍِﺟْ ﺘِﻤﺎﻋﻴّﻮﻥ‬

‫‪the new economy‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻻ ْﻗﺘِﺼﺎﺩ َ‬ ‫ِ‬

‫‪networked‬‬ ‫‪information‬‬ ‫‪economy‬‬

‫ﺍِ ْﻗﺘِﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﻟ َﻤ ْﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟ َﺸﺒَﻜﻴّﺔ‬

‫‪digital literacy‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺮ ْﻗﻤ ّﻲ ‪ /‬ﺍﻟ َﻤﻌْﻠﻮﻣﺎﺗ ّﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮ ْﻋﻲ َ‬ ‫َ‬

‫‪the digital divide‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻔَﺠْ ﻮﺓ ﺍﻹﻟِ ْﻜ ْﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴّﺔ ‪ /‬ﺍﻟ َﺮ ْﻗﻤﻴّﺔ‬

‫‪the digital age‬‬ ‫"‬ ‫‪cyberspace‬‬

‫ﺍﻟ َﻌﺼْ ﺮ ﺍﻟ َﺮ ْﻗﻤ ّﻲ‬ ‫ﺮﻭﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ َﻌﺼْ ﺮ ﺍﻹﻟِ ْﻜ ْﺘ‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫ﻓَﻀﺎء َﻣﻌْﻠﻮﻣﺎﺗ ّﻲ‬

10  GENERAL

‫ ﻧَﻮﺍﺩﻱ‬،‫ﻧﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ِﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬ ‫ َﻣﻘﺎﻫﻲ‬،‫َﻣ ْﻘﻬﻰ ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ِﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﱢﺼﺎﻝ‬ ِ ‫ُﻣ َﺰ ﱢﻭﺩ ِﺧ ْﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺑِﺎﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬ ‫ َﻣﻮﺍﻗِﻊ‬،‫َﻣﻮْ ﻗِﻊ‬ ‫ُﻋ ْﻨﻮﺍﻥ َﻣﻮْ ﻗِﻊ ﺇ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﺑِﻂ‬ َ ‫ِﺧ ْﺪﻣﺔ ﺗَ ْﻘﺼﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺗَﺼْ ﻤﻴﻢ ﺍﻟ َﻤﻮﺍﻗِﻊ ﺍﻹﻟِ ْﻜ ْﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴّﺔ‬ ‫ﺼ ﱢﻤﻢ َﻣﻮﺍﻗِﻊ‬ َ ‫ُﻣ‬

cyber café " internet service provider (ISP) website/site website address/ uniform resource locator (URL) URL shortening service website design web designer

‫ُﻣﺪﻳﺮ َﻣﻮْ ﻗِﻊ‬

webmaster

‫َﻣﻮْ ﻗِﻊ ﺛﺎﺑِﺖ‬

static site

‫َﻣﻮْ ﻗِﻊ َﻣ ِﺮﻥ‬

dynamic site

‫َﻣﻮْ ﻗِﻊ َﻣﺤْ ﻈﻮﺭ‬

blocked site

‫َﻣﻮْ ﻗِﻊ ﺁ ِﻣﻦ‬ ‫َﻣﻮْ ﻗِﻊ ﺃَﺭْ ﺷﻴﻒ‬

secure site archive site

GENERAL  11

‫َﻣﻮْ ﻗِﻊ ﺃَﺟْ ِﻮﺑﺔ‬

answer site

‫َﻣﻮْ ﻗِﻊ ﻫُﺠﻮﻡ‬

attack site

‫َﻣﻮْ ﻗِﻊ ُﻣﺤْ ﺘَﻮﻯ‬

content site

‫َﻣﻮْ ﻗِﻊ َﻣﻌْﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬

information site

‫َﻣﻮْ ﻗِﻊ َﺷ ْﺨﺼ ّﻲ‬

personal site

‫َﻣﻮْ ﻗِﻊ ﺗَ ْﺪﻭﻳﻦ‬

blogging site

‫ﺼ ﱠﻐﺮ‬ َ ‫َﻣﻮْ ﻗِﻊ ﺗَ ْﺪﻭﻳﻦ ُﻣ‬

micro-blogging site

‫َﻣﻮْ ﻗِﻊ ُﻣﺸﺎ َﺭﻛﺔ ﺻ َُﻮﺭ‬

photo sharing site

‫َﻣﻮْ ﻗِﻊ ُﻣﺸﺎ َﺭﻛﺔ ﺃﻏﺎﻧﻲ‬

music sharing site

‫َﻣﻮْ ﻗِﻊ ﺗَﺒﺎﺩُﻝ َﻣﺮْ ﺋِﻴّﺎﺕ‬

video sharing site

‫َﻣﻮْ ﻗِﻊ ﺗَﺒﺎﺩُﻝ َﻭﺳﺎﺋِﻂ‬

media sharing site

‫َﻣﻮْ ﻗِﻊ ﺗَﻮﺍﺻُﻞ ﺍِﺟْ ﺘِﻤﺎﻋ ّﻲ‬

social networking site (SNS)

‫َﻣﻮْ ﻗِﻊ ﺗَ ْﺸﺒﻴﻚ ﺍِﺟْ ﺘِﻤﺎﻋ ّﻲ‬ ‫َﻣﻮْ ﻗِﻊ َﻣﺸﺎﻫﻴﺮ‬

" celebrity site

‫َﻣﻮْ ﻗِﻊ ﺗَﺒَﺮﱡ ﻉ َﻋ ْﺒ َﺮ ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬

donation site/ click-to-donate site

‫ﻤﺎﻋﻲ‬ ‫َﻣﻮْ ﻗِﻊ ﺗَ ْﻤﻮﻳﻞ َﺟ‬ ّ

crowdfunding site

12  GENERAL

‫َﻣﻮْ ﻗِﻊ َﺟﻤﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫َﻣﻮْ ﻗِﻊ ُﻣﻨَﻈﱠﻤﺔ َﻏﻴْﺮ ِﺭﺑْﺤﻴّﺔ‬ ‫َﺮﻛﺔ‬ ِ ‫َﻣﻮْ ﻗِﻊ ﺷ‬ ‫َﻣﻮْ ﻗِﻊ ﺗَﻌﺎ ُﺭﻑ‬ ‫َﻣﻮْ ﻗِﻊ ﺗَﺮْ ﻭﻳﺞ ﺍﻟ َﻌﻼﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘِﺠﺎﺭﻳّﺔ‬ ‫َﻣﻮْ ﻗِﻊ ﻟِﻠﺘِﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻟِ ْﻜ ْﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴّﺔ‬

community site non-profit organisation site corporate site dating site brand building site e-Commerce site

‫َﻣﻮْ ﻗِﻊ َﺳﻔَﺮ‬

travel site

‫َﻣﻮْ ﻗِﻊ ُﻣ ْﻨﺘَﺪﻯ‬

forum site

‫َﻣﻮْ ﻗِﻊ ﺗَ ْﻘﻴﻴﻢ‬

rating site

‫َﻣﻮْ ﻗِﻊ ﺃَ ْﻟﻌﺎﺏ‬ ‫َﻣﻮْ ﻗِﻊ ﻗِﻤﺎﺭ‬

gaming site gambling site

‫َﻣﻮْ ﻗِﻊ ﺇﺑﺎﺣ ّﻲ‬

porn site

‫ﺻ ْﺪﻣﺔ‬ َ ‫َﻣﻮْ ﻗِﻊ‬

shock site (i.e. offensive and disturbing site)

‫َﻣﻮْ ﻗِﻊ ﻓُﻜﺎﻫﺔ‬

humour site

‫َﻣﻮْ ﻗِﻊ َﺣﺠْ ﺰ ﺍﻟ ُﻌﻄَﻞ‬ ‫َﻭﺍﻹﺟﺎﺯﺍﺕ‬

holiday booking site

GENERAL  13

‫َﻣﻮْ ﻗِﻊ ِﻣﺮْ ﺁﺓ‬

‫َﻣﻮْ ﻗِﻊ ُﻣﻤﺎﺛِﻞ‬

mirror site (i.e. exact copy of another site) "

‫َﻣﻮْ ﻗِﻊ ﺩﻳﻨ ّﻲ‬

religious site

‫َﻣﻮْ ﻗِﻊ ِﺳﻴﺎﺳ ّﻲ‬

political site

‫َﻣﻮْ ﻗِﻊ ُﺣﻜﻮﻣ ّﻲ‬

government site

ْ ‫َﻣﻮْ ﻗِﻊ‬ ّ‫ﺇﺧﺒﺎﺭﻱ‬

news site

‫َﺼﻴﱡﺪ‬ َ ‫َﻣﻮْ ﻗِﻊ ﺗ‬

phishing site

‫َﻣﻮْ ﻗِﻊ ﺗَﺼْ ﻨﻴﻒ َﻭﺁﺭﺍء‬

review site

‫َﻣﻮْ ﻗِﻊ َﻣ ْﺪ َﺭﺳ ّﻲ‬

school site

‫َﻣﻮْ ﻗِﻊ ﺗَﺮْ َﺟﻤﺔ‬ ‫َﻣﻮْ ﻗِﻊ ُﻣ َﺤﺮﱢﻙ ﺍﻟﺒَﺤْ ﺚ‬ ‫َﻣﻮْ ﻗِﻊ ﻭﻳﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺑَ ّﻮﺍﺑﺔ ﺇ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ َﻤﻮْ ﻗِﻊ ﻗَ ْﻴ َﺪ ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺠﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ‬ ِ ‫ﺍﻟ َﻤﻮْ ﻗِﻊ َﻏﻴْﺮ ُﻣﺘَ َﻮﻓﱢﺮ ﻟِﻠ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ ُﻤ َﺠ ْﺪ َﻭﻟﺔ‬

translation site search engine site wiki site web portal site under construction site unavailable for scheduled maintenance

‫‪14  GENERAL‬‬

‫‪window‬‬ ‫‪page‬‬ ‫‪tab‬‬ ‫‪tabbed browsing‬‬ ‫"‬ ‫‪icon‬‬ ‫‪shortcut‬‬ ‫‪full screen display‬‬ ‫‪full screen‬‬ ‫‪browser‬‬ ‫‪pop-up window‬‬

‫ﻧﺎﻓِﺬﺓ ‪ ،‬ﻧَﻮﺍﻓِﺬ‬ ‫ﺻﻔَﺤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺻ ْﻔﺤﺔ‪َ ،‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻋَﻼﻣﺔ ﺗَﺒْﻮﻳﺐ‬ ‫ﺍِ ْﺳﺘِﻌْﺮﺍﺽ ُﻣﺒَ ﱠﻮﺏ‬ ‫َﺼﻔﱡﺢ ُﻣﺒَ ﱠﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﺗ َ‬ ‫ﺃَﻳْﻘﻮﻧﺔ‪- ،‬ﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍِ ْﺧﺘِﺼﺎﺭ‪ - ،‬ﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍِ ْﺳﺘِ ْﻌﺮﺍﺽ ﻛﺎ ِﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ‬ ‫ﺼﻔﱢﺢ ﻛﺎ ِﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ‬ ‫ُﻣﺘَ َ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻓِﺬﺓ ُﻣ ْﻨﺒَﺜِﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻧَﻮﺍﻓِﺬ ُﻣ ْﻨﺒَﺜِﻘﺔ‬

‫‪pop-up ads‬‬

‫ﻧَﻮﺍﻓِﺬ ﺇ ْﻋﻼﻧﻴّﺔ ُﻣ ْﻨﺒَﺜِﻘﺔ‬

‫‪pop-up blocker‬‬

‫ﻣﺎﻧِﻊ ﺍﻟﻨَﻮﺍﻓِﺬ ﺍﻟ ُﻤ ْﻨﺒَﺜِﻘﺔ‬

‫)‪domain (web‬‬

‫َﻣﺠﺎﻝ‪- ،‬ﺍﺕ‬

‫"‬

‫َﻣﻴْﺪﺍﻥ‪َ ،‬ﻣﻴﺎﺩﻳﻦ‬

‫"‬

‫ﻧِﻄﺎﻕ‪ ،‬ﻧُﻄُﻖ‬

‫‪sub-domain‬‬ ‫‪domain name‬‬

‫ﻧِﻄﺎﻕ ﻓَﺮْ ﻋ ّﻲ‬ ‫ﺍِﺳْﻢ ﺍﻟﻨِﻄﺎﻕ‬

GENERAL  15

‫ﻧِﻈﺎﻡ ﺃَ ْﺳﻤﺎء ﺍﻟﻨِﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻧِﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ ﺍﻟ ُﺪ َﻭﻟﻴّﺔ‬ ‫ ﻛﻮﻛﻲ‬/ ‫َﺼﻔﱢﺢ‬ َ ‫ِﺳ ِﺠ ّﻞ ﺍﻟ ُﻤﺘ‬ ‫ﺍِ ْﺳﺘَﻀﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﺍِ ْﺳﺘِﻀﺎﻓﺔ َﻣﻮﺍﻗِﻊ‬ ‫ُﻣ ْﺴﺘَﻀﻴﻒ َﻣﻮﺍﻗِﻊ‬

domain name system (DNS) international internet domains cookie (web) to host (websites) web hosting host

‫ﺼﻞ‬ ِ ‫ ُﻣﺘﱠ‬/ ‫ﻋَﻠﻰ ﺍﻟ َﺸﺒَﻜﺔ‬

online

‫ﺼﻞ‬ ِ ‫ َﻏﻴْﺮ ُﻣﺘﱠ‬/ ‫ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﻟ َﺸﺒَﻜﺔ‬ ِ

offline

‫ِﺧ ْﺪﻣﺔ ُﻣﻔَﻌﱠﻠﺔ‬ ‫ِﺧ ْﺪﻣﺔ َﻏﻴْﺮ ُﻣﻔَﻌﱠﻠﺔ‬

active (service) inactive (service)

‫ﺍﻟﺨ ْﺪﻣﺔ‬ ِ ‫ﺗَ ْﻔﻌﻴﻞ‬

activate service

‫ﺍﻟﺨ ْﺪﻣﺔ‬ ِ ‫ﺇِ ْﻟﻐﺎء‬

deactivate service

‫ﺼﻞ‬ َ ‫ﺍِﺗﱠ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﱢﺼﺎﻝ‬ ِ ‫ﺳُﺮْ ﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺍِﺗﱢﺼﺎﻝ ﺑِ َﺸﺒَﻜﺔ ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬

to connect (online) connection speed internet connectivity

16  GENERAL

‫ُﻣ َﻌ ﱠﺪﻝ ﻧَ ْﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﺒَﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺗَ ْﻐ ِﻄﻴﺔ ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ َﻋ ْﺒ َﺮ ﺍﻷَ ْﻗﻤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴّﺔ‬ ِ ‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺑَﺮْ َﻣﺞ‬ ‫ﺑَﺮْ َﻣﺠﺔ‬ ‫ ﺑَﺮﺍ ِﻣﺞ‬،‫ﺑَﺮْ ﻧﺎ َﻣﺞ‬ ‫ﻟُﻐﺔ ﺑَﺮْ َﻣﺠﺔ‬ ‫ ﺑَﺮﺍ ِﻣﺞ‬،‫ﺑَﺮْ ﻧﺎ َﻣﺞ ﺣﺎﺳﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺳﻮﺏ‬ ‫ ﺑَﺮْ َﻣﺠﻴّﺎﺕ‬،‫ﺑَﺮْ َﻣﺠﻴّﺔ ﺣﺎﺳﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺳﻮﺏ‬ ‫ُﻣﻄَ ﱢﻮﺭ ﺑَﺮﺍ ِﻣﺞ‬ ْ َ‫ﺑَﺮْ َﻣﺠﻴّﺎﺕ ﺗ‬ ‫ﻄﺒﻴﻘﻴّﺔ‬ ْ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺍﺕ‬- ،‫َﻄﺒﻴﻖ‬ ْ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﻳﺐ‬- ،‫َﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﻮﻳﺐ‬ ْ ‫ُﻣﻄَ ﱢﻮﺭ ﺗ‬ ‫َﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬

bandwidth (internet) internet coverage internet over satellite (IoS) to program programming programme programming language software

" software developer application software app/applet web application application developer

GENERAL  17

‫ﺑُ َﺮ ْﻳ ِﻤﺞ‬

‫ﺑُ َﺮ ْﻳ ِﻤﺞ ﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟ َﻤﺮْ ِﺟﻌﻴّﺔ‬

bookmarklet (bookmark/ applet) "

ْ ‫َﻣ ْﺘ َﺠﺮ ﺍﻟﺘ‬ ‫َﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻋَﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬

online app store

‫َﻣ ْﺘ َﺠﺮ ﺑَﺮﺍ ِﻣﺞ ﻋَﻠﻰ ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬

online software store

ْ ‫َﻣ ْﺘ َﺠﺮ ﺍﻟﺘ‬ (‫َﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ )ﺃﺑﱢـﻞ‬

App Store (Apple™)

ْ ‫َﻣ ْﺘ َﺠﺮ ﺍﻷَ ْﻧ ْﺪﺭﻭﻳْﺪ ﻟِﻠﺘ‬ ‫َﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬

Android™ Market

‫ ﺑَﺮﺍ ِﻣﺞ‬،‫ﺑَﺮْ ﻧﺎ َﻣﺞ ُﻣﺴﺎ ِﻋﺪ‬ ‫ُﻣﺴﺎ ِﻋﺪﺓ‬

software extension

‫ﺑَﺮﺍ ِﻣﺞ ُﻣ ْﻠ َﺤﻘﺔ‬

‫ﺑَﺮْ َﻣﺠﻴّﺎﺕ ﺗَﺠْ ﺮﻳﺒﻴّﺔ‬ ‫ﺑَﺮْ َﻣﺠﻴّﺎﺕ َﻣ ْﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ ﺍﻟ َﻤﺼْ ﺪَﺭ‬ ‫ َﻣﺠّ ﺎﻧﻴّﺔ‬/ ‫ﺑَﺮْ َﻣﺠﻴّﺎﺕ ُﺣﺮّﺓ‬

accessories/addons/plug-ins/ widgets trialware/ demoware open source software (OSS) freeware/ freemium/ shareware

18  GENERAL

‫ﺑَﺮْ َﻣﺠﻴّﺎﺕ ﺗِﺠﺎﺭﻳّﺔ‬ ‫ﺑَﺮْ َﻣﺠﻴّﺎﺕ ﺍِﺣْ ﺘِﻜﺎﺭﻳّﺔ‬ ‫ﺑَﺮْ َﻣﺠﻴّﺎﺕ َﻛ ِﺨ ْﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺷﻴ ْﻔﺮﺓ َﻣﺼْ ﺪَﺭﻳّﺔ‬ ‫ ﺃَ ْﻧ ِﻈﻤﺔ ﺗَ ْﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬،‫ﻧِﻈﺎﻡ ﺗَ ْﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺇﺻْ ﺪﺍﺭ ﺗَﺠْ ﺮﻳﺒ ّﻲ‬

premium software proprietary software software-as-aservice (SaaS) source code (software) operating system trial version

‫َﻣﺮْ َﺣﻠﺔ ﺃَ ْﻟﻔﺎ‬

alpha version

‫َﻣﺮْ َﺣﻠﺔ ﺑﻴﺘﺎ‬

beta version

‫ﺑَﺮْ َﻣﺠﻴّﺎﺕ َﻣ ْﻜﺘَﺒﻴّﺔ ﻋَﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ِﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺣ ُْﺰﻣﺔ ﺑَﺮﺍ ِﻣﺞ َﻣ ْﻜﺘَﺒﻴّﺔ‬ ‫َﺣ ﱠﺪﺙ‬

‫ ﺗَﺮْ ﻗﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨِﻈﺎﻡ‬/‫ﺗَﺤْ ﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﻨِﻈﺎﻡ‬ ْ َ‫ﻭﺍ ِﺟﻬﺔ ﺑَﺮْ َﻣﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘ‬ ‫ﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬

web-based office software office software suite to upgrade/to update (system or software) system upgrade application programme interface (API)

GENERAL  19

‫َﺧ ﱠﺰﻥ‬ ‫ﺗ َْﺨﺰﻳﻦ ﻋَﻠﻰ ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬

to store (data) web storage

‫ﺧﺎ ِﺩﻡ‬

server

‫ﺧﺎﺩﻭﻡ‬

"

(coll.) ْ‫ِﺳﺮْ ﻓِﺮ‬

"

‫ﺧﺎ ِﺩﻡ ﺁ ِﻣﻦ‬

secure server

‫َﺣﻮْ َﺳﺒﺔ َﺳﺤﺎﺑﻴّﺔ‬

cloud computing

ْ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺍﺕ َﺳﺤﺎﺑﻴّﺔ‬- ،‫َﻄﺒﻴﻖ َﺳﺤﺎﺑ ّﻲ‬

cloud application

‫ﺗ َْﺨﺰﻳﻦ َﺳﺤﺎﺑ ّﻲ‬

cloud storage

‫ﻧَﺴْﺦ ﺍِﺣْ ﺘِﻴﺎﻁ ّﻲ‬

backup (data)

‫ﺑﺎﻳْﺖ‬

byte

‫ﻛﻴﻠﻮﺑﺎﻳْﺖ‬

kilobyte (KB)

‫ﻣﻴﻐﺎﺑﺎﻳْﺖ‬

megabyte (MB)

‫ﺟﻴﺠﺎﺑﺎﻳْﺖ‬

gigabyte (GB)

‫ﺗﻴﺮﺍﺑﺎﻳْﺖ‬

terabyte (TB)

‫ ﺑَﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬/ ‫ُﻣ ْﻌﻄَﻴﺎﺕ‬

data

‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒَﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬

data management

‫ﺍﺕ‬- ،‫َﻣﻌْﻠﻮﻣﺔ‬

information

20  GENERAL

‫َﺣ ﱠﻤﻞ‬

to upload (file)

‫ﺗَﺤْ ﻤﻴﻞ‬

uploading (UL)

‫ﺗَﺤْ ﻤﻴﻼﺕ‬

uploads

‫ﻧَ ﱠﺰﻝ‬

to download (file)

‫ﺗَ ْﻨﺰﻳﻞ‬

downloading (DL)

‫ﺗَ ْﻨﺰﻳﻼﺕ‬ ‫ِﺧﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘَ ْﻨﺰﻳﻞ‬ ‫ ﺇﻳﻌﺎﺯ‬/ ‫ ﺃُﻣﻮﺭ‬،‫ﺃَ ْﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﺇ ْﻧﺠﺎﺯ‬ ‫ ﺛَﺒﱠﺖ‬/ ‫ﻧَﺼﱠﺐ‬ ‫ ﺗَ ْﻨﺼﻴﺐ‬/ ‫ﺗ َْﺜﺒﻴﺖ‬ ‫ َﺣ ﱠﻤﻞ‬/ ‫َﺷ ﱠﻐﻞ‬ ‫ ﺗَﺤْ ﻤﻴﻞ‬/ ‫ﺗَ ْﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬ ‫َﺭﻗﱠﻢ‬ ‫ َﺭ ْﻗ َﻤﻨﺔ‬/ ‫ﺗَﺮْ ﻗﻴﻢ‬ ‫َﺭ ْﻗﻤ ّﻲ‬

downloads download options command (computing) execution (software instructions) to install installation to load (software) loading to digitise digitisation/ digitalisation digital

GENERAL  21

‫َﺷﺒَﻜﺔ َﺭ ْﻗﻤﻴّﺔ‬

digital network

‫َﺷﺒَﻜﺔ َﻣ َﺤﻠّﻴّﺔ‬

local area network (LAN)

‫َﺷﺒَﻜﺔ ﻭﺍ ِﺳﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻨِﻄﺎﻕ‬

wide area network (WAN)

‫َﺷﺒَﻜﺔ َﻣ َﺤﻠّﻴّﺔ ﻻ ِﺳ ْﻠﻜﻴّﺔ‬

wireless local area network (WLAN)

‫ﻭﺍﺳﻌﺔ‬ ِ ‫َﺷﺒَﻜﺔ ﻻ ِﺳ ْﻠﻜﻴّﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨِﻄﺎﻕ‬

wireless wide area network (WWAN)

‫ﺍﻟ ُﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺍﻟ َﻤ ْﻔﺘﻮﺡ‬ ‫ﺗ ََﺤ ﱡﻜﻢ ﻋَﻦ ﺑُﻌْﺪ‬

open access remote control/ remote access

‫ﺍﻟ ُﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﻋَﻦ ﺑُﻌْﺪ‬

remote login (Rlogin)

‫ﻣﻴﺜﺎﻕ ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬

internet protocol (IP)

‫ﺑﺮﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺜﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﺘ ََﺤ ﱡﻜﻢ ﺑِﺎﻟﻨَ ْﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺜﺎﻕ ﻧَ ْﻘﻞ ﺍﻟ ِﻤﻠَﻔّﺎﺕ‬

" transmission control protocol (TCP) file transfer protocol (FTP)

22  GENERAL

‫ﻣﻴﺜﺎﻕ ﺍﻟ ُﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﻟِ َﺮﺳﺎﺋِﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬

internet message access protocol (IMAP)

‫ﻣﻴﺜﺎﻕ ﻧَ ْﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﻨَﺺّ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺋِﻖ‬

hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP)

‫ﺗِ ْﻘﻨﻴّﺎﺕ ﺍﻟ َﺸﺒَﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﺗِ ْﻘﻨﻴّﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﻳﺐ‬ 2.0 ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻳﺐ‬ ‫ ﺍﻟ َﺸﺒَﻜﺔ‬/ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﺪَﻻﻟ ّﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪَﻻﻟﻴّﺔ‬

web technology " web 2.0 the semantic web

‫ُﻣﺤﺎﻛﺎﺓ ﺑِﺎﻟﺤﺎﺳﻮﺏ‬

computer simulation

‫َﺫﻛﺎء ﺍِﺻْ ِﻄﻨﺎﻋ ّﻲ‬

artificial intelligence

‫ﺭ ُْﺧﺼﺔ ﺍﻟ َﻤﺸﺎﻉ ﺍﻹﺑْﺪﺍﻋ ّﻲ‬

Creative Commons (CC) licence

‫ُﻣ ْﻤﺘَﻠَﻜﺎﺕ َﺭ ْﻗﻤﻴّﺔ‬

digital assets

‫ﺣُﻘﻮﻕ َﺭ ْﻗﻤﻴّﺔ‬

digital rights

‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟ ُﻤ ْﻤﺘَﻠَﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻟ َﺮ ْﻗﻤﻴّﺔ‬

digital asset management (DAM)

GENERAL  23

‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻘُﻴﻮﺩ ﺍﻟ َﺮ ْﻗﻤﻴّﺔ‬

digital rights management (DRM)

‫َﻣ ْﺰﺝ َﺭ ْﻗﻤ ّﻲ‬

digital mashup

ْ ‫ﺗَﻬْﺠﻴﻦ ﺗ‬ ‫َﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﻳﺐ‬

web application hybrid

24  GENERAL

2. COMPUTER HARDWARE ‫ﻋَﺘﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺳﻮﺏ‬ ‫ َﺣﻮﺍﺳﻴﺐ‬،‫ﺣﺎﺳﻮﺏ‬ (coll.) ‫ﺍﺕ‬- ،‫ُﻛ ْﻤﺒْﻴﻮﺗِﺮ‬

computer hardware computer "

‫ َﺣﻮﺍﺳﻴﺐ‬،‫ﺼﻲ‬ ّ ‫ﺣﺎﺳﻮﺏ ﺷ َْﺨ‬ ‫ﺷ َْﺨﺼﻴّﺔ‬

personal computer

‫ﺣﺎﺳﻮﺏ ﺍﻟ َﻤ ْﻜﺘَﺐ‬

desktop computer

ّ ‫ﺣﺎﺳﻮﺏ َﺩ ْﻓﺘَﺮ‬ ‫ﻱ‬

notebook

‫ﺣﺎﺳﻮﺏ َﻣﺤْ ﻤﻮﻝ‬

laptop

‫ ﺣﺎﺳﻮﻝ‬/ ‫ﺣﺎﺳﻮﺏ ﻧَﻘّﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺼﻔﱡﺢ ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬ َ َ‫ﺣﺎﺳﻮﺏ ﻟِﺘ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺳﻮﺏ ﻟَﻮْ ﺣ ّﻲ‬ ‫ُﻣﺴﺎ ِﻋﺪ َﺭ ْﻗﻤ ّﻲ ﺷ َْﺨﺼ ّﻲ‬

portable PC netbook tablet PC portable digital assistant (PDA)

‫ِﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﺧَ ﺮْ ﺝ‬

output device

‫ِﺟﻬﺎﺯ َﺩ ْﺧﻞ‬

input device

(‫ﻓَﺄْﺭﺓ )ﺣﺎﺳﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﻟَﻮْ ﺣﺔ َﻣﻔﺎﺗﻴﺢ‬

mouse (computer) keyboard

26  COMPUTER HARDWARE

‫ﻟَﻮْ ﺣﺔ َﻣﻔﺎﺗﻴﺢ ﺍِ ْﻓﺘِﺮﺍﺿﻴّﺔ‬ ‫ﺼﺮﺍﺕ ﻟَﻮْ ﺣﺔ ﺍﻟ َﻤﻔﺎﺗﻴﺢ‬ َ َ‫ُﻣ ْﺨﺘ‬

virtual keyboard keyboard shortcuts

‫ﺍﺕ‬- ،‫ﺷﺎﺷﺔ‬

screen

‫ﺷﺎﺷﺔ ﻟَ ْﻤﺲ‬

touchscreen

‫ ﺃَ ْﻗﻼﻡ َﺭ ْﻗﻤﻴّﺔ‬،‫ﻤﻲ‬ ّ ‫ﻗَﻠَﻢ َﺭ ْﻗ‬

digital pen

‫ﻗَﻠَﻢ ﺧﺎﺹّ ﻟِﺸﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻠَ ْﻤﺲ‬

stylus pen

‫ﺍﻟﺮﺳْﻢ ﺍﻹﻟِ ْﻜ ْﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴّﺔ‬ َ ‫ﻟَﻮْ ﺣﺔ‬

‫ﻟَﻮْ ﺣﺔ ﻟَ ْﻤ ِﺴﻴّﺔ‬ ‫ﻧِﻈﺎﻡ ﻟُﻌْﺒﺔ ﻓﻴ ْﺪﻳﻮ‬ ‫ َﻭﺳﺎﺋِﻂ‬،‫َﻭﺳﻴﻂ ﺗ َْﺨﺰﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺗَ ْﺨﺰﻳﻦ‬ ‫ ﺃَ ْﻗﺮﺍﺹ ﺟﺎ ِﻣﺪﺓ‬،‫ﻗُﺮْ ﺹ ﺟﺎ ِﻣﺪ‬ ‫ ﺃَ ْﻗﺮﺍﺹ‬،‫ﻗُﺮْ ﺹ َﻣﻀْ ﻐﻮﻁ‬ ‫َﻣﻀْ ﻐﻮﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺕ‬- ،‫ﺃُﺳْﻄُﻮﺍﻧﺔ َﻣﻀْ ﻐﻮﻁﺔ‬ ‫َﻣﻀْ ﻐﻮﻁﺔ‬ ‫ ﻡ‬.‫ ﻕ‬/ ‫ﻗُﺮْ ﺹ ُﻣﺪ َﻣﺞ‬

graphics tablet/ digitising tablet/ drawing tablet touchpad video game console storage device hard disk compact disc (CD) " Compact Disc Readonly Memory (CD-ROM)

COMPUTER HARDWARE  27

‫ ﺃَ ْﻗﺮﺍﺹ‬،‫ﻗُﺮْ ﺹ َﺭ ْﻗﻤ ّﻲ‬ ‫َﺭ ْﻗﻤﻴّﺔ‬ (‫ﺫﺍ ِﻛﺮﺓ )ﺣﺎﺳﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﺕ‬- ،‫ﻁﺎﺑِﻌﺔ‬

Digital Video Disc (DVD) memory (computer) printer

‫ﺿﻮْ ﺋِﻴّﺔ‬ َ ‫ﺍﺕ‬- ،‫ﺿﻮْ ﺋ ّﻲ‬ َ ‫ﻣﺎ ِﺳﺢ‬

scanner

‫ﻛﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬

webcam

‫َﺭ ﱢﻛﺐ َﻭ َﺷ ﱢﻐﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘَﺮْ ﻛﻴﺐ ﻓَﺎﻟﺘَ ْﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬ ‫ْﻓﻼﺵ ﻳﻮ ﺍِﺱ ﺑﻲ‬

USB ‫ﺫﺍ ِﻛﺮﺓ ْﻓﻼﺵ‬

plug and play (PnP) " USB (Universal Serial Bus) flash drive "

3. MY DIGITAL IDENTITY ‫ﻫُﻮﻳﱠﺘﻲ ﺍﻟ َﺮ ْﻗﻤﻴّﺔ‬

my digital identity

‫ﻫُﻮﻳﱠﺘﻲ ﻋَﻠﻰ ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ِﻧﺖ‬

my online identity

‫ﺑَﺼْ ﻤﺔ َﺭ ْﻗﻤﻴّﺔ‬

internet identity/ internet persona

‫ِﻅ ّﻞ َﺭ ْﻗﻤ ّﻲ‬

‫ﻧِﺴْﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺤُﻀﻮﺭ َﻭﺍﻟ ُﻤﺸﺎ َﺭﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﻋَﻠﻰ ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬ ‫ُﻣﻮﺍ ِﻁﻦ ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬ ‫ُﻣﻮﺍ ِﻁﻦ ﺃَﺻْ ﻠ ّﻲ َﺭ ْﻗﻤ ّﻲ‬

digital footprint/ cyber shadow/ digital shadow online presence netizen (net citizen) digital native

‫ﻬﺎﺟﺮ َﺭ ْﻗﻤ ّﻲ‬ ِ ‫ُﻣ‬

digital immigrant

‫ﺟﻴﻞ ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬

net generation

‫ﺟﻴﻞ ﺍﻷَ ْﻟﻔﻴّﺔ‬

‫ﺻﺪﻯ ﺟﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻄَ ْﻔﺮﺓ ﺍﻟ ُﺴ ّﻜﺎﻧﻴّﺔ‬ َ ‫َﻣﺮْ ﻫﻮﺏ ِﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘِ ْﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ‬

millennial generation/ millennials/ generation Y echo boomers technophobe

30  MY DIGITAL IDENTITY

‫ ﺟﻴﻚ‬/ ‫َﻣﻬْﻮﻭﺱ ﺑِﺎﻟﺘِ ْﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻧُ ْﺨﺒﺔ ﻋﺎﻟَﻢ ﺍﻟ ُﻜ ْﻤﺒْﻴﻮﺗِﺮ‬ ‫َﻭ ُﻣﺠْ ﺘَ َﻤﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬ ‫ُﻣ ْﺴﺘ َْﺨ ِﺪﻡ ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬

technogeek digerati/digiterati internaut/ internet user

‫ُﻣﺮﺍ ِﻫﻖ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ‬

screenager

‫ُﻣ ْﺪ ِﻣﻦ ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬

internet addict/ mouse potato

‫ﺇ ْﺩﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬

internet addiction disorder (IAD)

‫ِﺣﺴﺎﺑﻲ‬

my account

‫ِﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟ ُﻤ ْﺴﺘ َْﺨ ِﺪﻡ‬

user account

‫ﺍﻟﻀﻴْﻒ‬ َ ‫ِﺣﺴﺎﺏ‬

guest account

‫ﺍِﺳْﻢ ﺍﻟ ُﻤ ْﺴﺘ َْﺨ ِﺪﻡ‬

username

‫ﺍِﺳْﻢ ﺍﻟﺪُﺧﻮﻝ‬

"

‫ﺍﻟ ُﻤ َﻌﺮﱢ ﻑ‬

"

‫ﺍِﺳْﻢ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻳّﺔ‬

screenname (chat username) administrative privileges

MY DIGITAL IDENTITY  31

‫ َﻛﻠِﻤﺔ ﺍﻟ ِﺴ ّﺮ‬/ ‫َﻛﻠِﻤﺔ ﺍﻟ ُﻤﺮﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻗُﻮّﺓ َﻛﻠِﻤﺔ ﺍﻟ ُﻤﺮﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻗُﻮّﺓ َﻛﻠِﻤﺔ ﺍﻟ ِﺴ ّﺮ‬

password password strength "

ّ ّ‫ﺳُﺆﺍﻝ ِﺳﺮ‬ ‫ﻱ‬

secret question

‫ﺇﺟﺎﺑﺔ ِﺳﺮّ ﻳّﺔ‬

secret answer

‫ﻤﻲ‬ ّ ‫ﺗَﻮْ ﻗﻴﻊ َﺭ ْﻗ‬

e-Signature/digital signature

‫ﺃَﭬَﺘﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺗَ ْﻤﺜﻴﻞ ﺭُﺳﻮﻣ ّﻲ ﻟِ ْﻠ ُﻤ ْﺴﺘ َْﺨ ِﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﺻ َﻮﺭﻳّﺔ‬ ُ ‫ﻫُﻮﻳّﺔ‬

avatar " photo identity (ID)

‫ﺼﻨﺔ‬ َ ‫َﺷ ْﺨ‬

personalisation

‫ﺻ ْﻔﺤﺔ ﺷ َْﺨﺼﻴّﺔ‬ َ

personal profile

ّ َ‫ِﻣﻠ‬ ‫ﻒ ﺷ َْﺨﺼ ّﻲ‬ ّ ‫َﻣﻌْﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺧﺎ‬ ‫ﺻﺔ‬ ‫َﺷﺒَﻜﺔ ﺷ َْﺨﺼﻴّﺔ‬

personal information " personal network

‫ﺇ ْﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺗﻲ ﺍﻟﺸ َْﺨﺼﻴّﺔ‬

my personal settings

‫ﺻ ْﻔ َﺤﺘﻲ ﺍﻟﺸ َْﺨﺼﻴّﺔ‬ َ

my personalised page

32  MY DIGITAL IDENTITY

‫ﻋُﻀْ ﻮﻳﱠﺘﻲ‬

my membership

‫ﺣُﺠﻮﺯﺍﺗﻲ‬

my bookings (travel)

‫ﻗﺎﺋِﻤﺔ ﺃُ ْﻣﻨﻴّﺎﺗﻲ‬

my wish list

‫ﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ‬ َ ‫ﻗﺎﺋِﻤﺔ ﺍﻟ ُﻤ‬

comparison list

‫ِﺳ ِﺠ ّﻞ ﺍﻟ َﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸ َْﺨﺼﻴّﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﱢﺼﺎﻝ‬ ِ ‫ِﺳ ِﺠ ّﻞ ِﺟﻬﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸ َْﺨﺼﻴّﺔ‬ ‫ﻌﺎﺭﻑ‬ ِ ‫َﻣﺠْ ﻤﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟ َﻤ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸ َْﺨﺼﻴّﺔ‬ ‫َﻋ َﺮﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺘَﺴَﻮﱡ ﻕ‬ ‫َﺳﻠّﺔ ﺍﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ ََﺮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻟِ ْﻜ ْﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴّﺔ‬ ‫ﻫُﻮﻳّﺔ ﺍﻟ ﱠﺪ ْﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺴﺎﺏ‬ ِ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ُﻣﻔَﻀﱠﻼﺗﻲ‬ ‫ﻋَﻼﻗﺎﺗﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﱢﺼﺎﻝ ﺍﻟ َﺸ ْﺨﺼﻴّﺔ‬ ِ ‫ِﺟﻬﺎﺕ‬

my online contacts " contact groups shopping basket " payment indentification (ID) account management my favourites my connections/ contacts "

MY DIGITAL IDENTITY  33

‫ﺍِﺳْﻬﺎﻣﺎﺗﻲ‬

my contributions

‫ﺍﻻﺗﱢﺼﺎﻻﺕ‬ ِ ‫ﺗَ ْﻔﻀﻴﻼﺕ‬

my communication preferences

‫ ﻗَﻨَﻮﺍﺗﻲ‬،‫ﻗَﻨﺎﺗﻲ‬

my (video) channel

‫ﺇ ْﻧﺸﺎء ِﺣﺴﺎﺏ‬

create an account

‫ُﻣ ْﺴﺘ َْﺨ ِﺪﻡ َﺟﺪﻳﺪ‬

new user

‫ُﻣ ْﺴﺘ َْﺨ ِﺪﻡ َﻣﺠْ ﻬﻮﻝ‬

anonymous user

‫ ﺃَ ْﻋﻀﺎء‬،‫ﻋُﻀْ ﻮ ُﻣ َﻤﻴﱠﺰ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﻤﻴﱠﺰﻭﻥ‬

featured member

‫ﺍِﺳْﻢ ُﻣ ْﺴﺘَﻌﺎﺭ‬

pseudonym/alias

‫ُﺩ ْﻣﻴﺔ َﺟﻮْ َﺭﺏ‬

sock puppet (internet)

‫ ﺍِ ْﻧ ِﺨﺮﺍﻁ‬/ ‫ﻀﻤﺎﻡ‬ ِ ‫ﺍِ ْﻧ‬ ‫ﺗَﺴْﺠﻴﻞ‬ ‫ ﺗَﺴْﺠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺪُﺧﻮﻝ‬/ ‫ﺩُﺧﻮﻝ‬ ‫ ﺗَﺴْﺠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟ ُﺨﺮﻭﺝ‬/ ‫ُﺧﺮﻭﺝ‬

join sign up/register log in/sign in log out/log off/ sign out

‫ﺩُﺧﻮﻝ ﺍﻷَ ْﻋﻀﺎء‬

members’ log in

‫َﻮﺍﺟﺪﻭﻥ‬ ِ ‫ ُﻣﺘ‬،ً‫ُﻣﺘَﻮﺍ ِﺟﺪ ﺣﺎﻟﻴّﺎ‬ ً ‫ﺣﺎﻟﻴّﺎ‬

available online

34  MY DIGITAL IDENTITY

‫ﺼﻞ‬ ِ ‫َﻏﻴْﺮ ُﻣﺘﱠ‬ ‫َﻣ ْﺸﻐﻮﻝ‬ ‫َﻏﻴْﺮ ُﻣﺘَﻮﺍ ِﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻏﺎﺋِﺐ‬ ‫ َﻏﻴْﺮ َﻣﺮْ ﺋ ّﻲ‬/ ‫َﻣﺤْ ﺠﻮﺏ‬

offline busy unavailable away invisible/appear offline

‫ﺍِ ْﺷﺘ ََﺮﻙ‬

to subscribe

‫ ُﻣﺸﺎ َﺭﻛﺔ‬/ ‫ﺍِ ْﺷﺘِﺮﺍﻙ‬

subscription

‫ﺇ ْﻟﻐﺎء ﺍ ِﻻ ْﺷﺘِﺮﺍﻙ‬

unsubscribe

‫ َﻏﻴْﺮ ُﻣﺘ ََﻮﻓﱢﺮ‬/ ‫ُﻣﺘَ َﻮﻓﱢﺮ‬ ‫ ُﻣﻮﺍﻓِﻖ‬/ ‫ﺃُﻭﺍﻓِﻖ‬ ‫ َﻏﻴْﺮ ُﻣﻮﺍﻓِﻖ‬/ ‫ﻻ ﺃُﻭﺍﻓِﻖ‬ ‫ﺗَ ْﻔﻀﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺿﻒ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟ ُﻤﻔَﻀﱠﻠﺔ‬ ِ َ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻻ ﻳ ُْﻤ ِﻜﻨُﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﺪُﺧﻮﻝ ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ِﺣﺴﺎﺑﻲ‬ ‫َﺣ ْﺬﻑ ﺍﻟ ِﺤﺴﺎﺏ‬

available/ unavailable (username) agree disagree add to favourites " I can’t access my account delete account

MY DIGITAL IDENTITY  35

‫ﺍﻟﺴ ّﺮ ؟‬ ِ ‫ﻫَﻞ ﻧَﺴﻴﺖ َﻛﻠِﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺗَ ْﻐﻴﻴﺮ َﻛﻠِﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﱢﺮ‬

did you forget your password? change password

‫ﺗَ َﺬ ﱠﻛﺮْ ﻧﻲ‬

remember me

‫ﺗَ َﺬ ﱠﻛﺮ َﻣﻌْﻠﻮﻣﺎﺗﻲ‬

remember my settings

‫ﺍﻟﺤﺴﺎﺏ‬ ِ ‫ﺗَ ْﻔﻌﻴﻞ‬

verify/activate your account

‫ﺍِ ْﺳﺘِﺮْ ﺟﺎﻉ ﺍﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘَ َﺮﻳﺎﺕ‬

restore purchases (e.g. mobile apps)

36  MY DIGITAL IDENTITY

‫‪4. WEB BROWSING & SURFING‬‬ ‫‪to surf/to navigate‬‬ ‫)‪(the internet‬‬

‫ﺗَ َﺠﻮﱠﻝ‬

‫‪web surfing‬‬

‫ﺗَﺠَﻮﱡ ﻝ‬

‫‪surfer‬‬

‫ﺭﺍﺋِﺪ‪ُ ،‬ﺭ ّﻭﺍﺩ‬

‫‪to browse‬‬

‫ﺼﻔﱠﺢ‬ ‫ﺍِ ْﺳﺘَﻌ َْﺮﺽ ‪ /‬ﺗَ َ‬

‫‪web browsing‬‬

‫ﺼﻔﱡﺢ‬ ‫ﺍِ ْﺳﺘِﻌْﺮﺍﺽ ‪ /‬ﺗَ َ‬

‫‪web browser‬‬ ‫"‬ ‫‪browser history‬‬ ‫‪homepage‬‬

‫َﺼﻔﱢﺢ ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬ ‫ُﻣﺘ َ‬ ‫َﺼﻔﱢﺢ ﺍﻟﻮﻳﺐ‬ ‫ُﻣﺘ َ‬ ‫َﺼﻔﱢﺢ ‪ /‬ﺍﻟ ِﺴ ِﺠ ّﻞ‬ ‫ِﺳ ِﺠ ّﻞ ﺍﻟ ُﻤﺘ َ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ َﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴّﺔ‬

‫"‬

‫ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴّﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼ ْﻔﺤﺔ َ‬ ‫َ‬

‫"‬

‫ﺍﻟﺼ ْﻔﺤﺔ ﺍﻷُﻡ‬ ‫َ‬

‫"‬

‫ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ‬

‫"‬

‫ﺍﻟ َﻤ ْﺪﺧَﻞ‬

‫"‬

‫ﺻ ْﻔﺤﺔ ﺍﻟ َﻤ ْﺪﺧَﻞ‬ ‫َ‬

‫?‪who are we‬‬

‫َﻣ ْﻦ ﻧَﺤْ ﻦ؟‬

38  WEB BROWSING & SURFING

‫َﻣﻌْﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ َﻋﻨّﺎ‬ ‫ﻋَﻦ‬ ‫ﺼﻞ ﺑِﻨﺎ‬ ِ ‫ﺍِﺗﱠ‬ ‫ﺍِﺗﱢـﻔﺎﻗﻴّﺔ ِﺧ ْﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻟ َﻤﻮْ ﻗِﻊ‬ ‫ُﺷﺮﻭﻁ ﺍ ِﻻ ْﺳﺘِ ْﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺗَﻌْﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺗَ ْﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺍﻟ َﻤﻮْ ﻗِﻊ‬

about us about (name of site, institution, etc.) contact us terms of use (of site) conditions of use "

‫ِﺳﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﺍﻟ ُﺨﺼﻮﺻﻴّﺔ‬

privacy policy

‫ِﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟ ُﺨﺼﻮﺻﻴّﺔ‬

privacy protection

‫ﺇ ْﺧﻼء ﺍﻟ َﻤ ْﺴﺆﻭﻟﻴّﺔ‬ ‫ﺇ ْﺧﻼء ﻁَ َﺮﻑ‬ ‫َﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺤُﻘﻮﻕ َﻣﺤْ ﻔﻮﻅﺔ‬ ‫ُﻣﺴﺎﻋَﺪﺓ‬ ‫َﻣﺮْ َﻛﺰ ﺍﻟ ُﻤﺴﺎﻋَﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ َﺪ ْﻋﻢ ﺍﻟﻔَﻨّﻲ‬ ‫ُﻣﺴﺎﻋَﺪﺓ ﺇ ْﻣﻜﺎﻧِﻴّﺔ ﺍﻟ ُﻮﺻﻮﻝ‬ ‫ ُﻣﺘَ َﻜ ﱢﺮﺭﺓ‬/ ‫ﺃَ ْﺳﺌِﻠﺔ ﺷﺎﺋِﻌﺔ‬

legal disclaimer " all rights reserved help help centre technical help/ support accessibility help frequently asked questions (FAQ)

WEB BROWSING & SURFING  39

‫ﺍِ ْﺳﺘِ ْﻜﺸﺎﻑ ﺍﻷَ ْﺧﻄﺎء‬ ‫َﻭﺇﺻْ ﻼﺣﻬﺎ‬ ‫ ﺍِ ْﺳﺘِ ْﻔﺴﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬/ ‫ﺳُﺆﺍﻝ َﻭ َﺟﻮﺍﺏ‬

troubleshooting question and answer

‫ﺷَﺮﻳﻂ ﺍﻷَﺩَﻭﺍﺕ‬

toolbar

‫ﺷَﺮﻳﻂ ﺍﻟ َﻤﻬﺎ ّﻡ‬

task bar

‫ﺷَﺮﻳﻂ ﺍﻟﺘَﻘَ ﱡﺪﻡ‬

progress bar

‫ ﻗَﻮﺍﺋِﻢ‬،‫ﻗﺎﺋِﻤﺔ‬

menu

‫ﻗﺎﺋِﻤﺔ ُﻣ ْﻨ َﺴ ِﺪﻟﺔ‬

drop-down menu

‫ﻟَﻮْ ﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﺘَ َﺤ ﱡﻜﻢ‬

control panel

‫ﻟَﻮْ ﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﻘِﻴﺎﺩﺓ‬

dashboard

‫ِﺧﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ّ ‫ﺧﺎ‬ ‫ َﺧﺼﺎﺋِﺺ‬،‫ﺻﻴّﺔ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺎﺕ‬ َ ‫ُﻣﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻹ ْﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺃَﺩَﻭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺃَﺩَﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻠُﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍ ِﺟﻬﺔ ﺍ ِﻻ ْﺳﺘِ ْﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬

options properties/ specifications " settings tools language tools user interface

40  WEB BROWSING & SURFING

‫ﺍﻻ ْﺳﺘِ ْﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺮُﺳﻮﻣﻴّﺔ‬ ِ ‫ﻭﺍ ِﺟﻬﺔ‬

graphical user interface (GUI)

‫ﺍﻻ ْﺳﺘِ ْﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ِ ‫ﻟُﻐﺔ ﻭﺍ ِﺟﻬﺔ‬

language interface

‫ﻭﺍ ِﺟﻬﺔ ﺍِ ْﺳﺘِ ْﺨﺪﺍﻡ َﺳﻬْﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻ ْﺳﺘِﻌْﻤﺎﻝ‬ ِ

user-friendly interface

‫َﺧﺮﻳﻄﺔ ﺍﻟ َﻤﻮْ ﻗِﻊ‬

site map

‫ ﺍﻟ َﺠ ْﺪ َﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺰَ َﻣﻨ ّﻲ‬/ ّ‫ﺍﻟﺨَﻂ‬

timeline

‫َﺧﺮﻳﻄﺔ ﺍﻟ ُﺰﻭّ ﺍﺭ‬

guest map

‫ِﺳ ِﺠ ّﻞ ﺍﻟ ُﺰﻭّ ﺍﺭ‬

guest book

‫ﺍﺕ‬- ،‫ﺇ ْﻋﻼﻥ‬

advertisement

‫ﺃَ ْﻋﻠِﻦ َﻣ َﻌﻨﺎ‬

advertise with us

‫ﺇ ْﻋﻼﻥ ُﻣ َﻤﻮﱠﻝ‬

sponsored ads

‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻳﺔ‬ َ ‫ﺇ ْﻋﻼﻥ‬

web banner

‫َﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﺇ ْﻋﻼﻧﻴّﺔ‬ ‫ﺗَﺤْ ﺪﻳﺚ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮ ﺍﻟﺘَﺤْ ﺪﻳﺜﺎﺕ‬ ِ ‫ﺁﺧﺮ ﺍﻷَ ْﺧﺒﺎﺭ‬ ِ ‫َﻭﻅﺎﺋِﻒ ﺷﺎ ِﻏﺮﺓ‬

advertising space update latest additions/ updates latest news job vacancies

WEB BROWSING & SURFING  41

‫َﻋ ﱠﺪﻝ‬

to customise

‫ﺗَﻌْﺪﻳﻞ‬

customisation

‫ﺍِ ْﺳﺘَﺮْ َﺟﻊ‬

to retrieve/ to restore

‫ﺍِ ْﺳﺘِﺮْ ﺟﺎﻉ ﺍﻟ َﻤ ْﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬

information retrieval

‫ﺃَﻋﺎﺩ ﻳُﻌﻴﺪ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ‬

to reset

‫ﺍِ ْﺳﺘِ ْﺌﻨﺎﻑ‬

resume

‫ُﻣﻮﺍﻓِﻖ‬ ‫ﺗَ ّﻢ‬ ‫ﺍِ ْﺫﻫَﺐ‬ ‫ﺍِ ْﺳﺘِﺒْﻌﺎﺩ‬ ‫ْﺃﻟﻐﻰ ﻳ ُْﻠﻐﻲ ْﺇﻟﻐﺎء‬

OK done go dismiss to cancel

‫ﺃَﻭْ ﻗَﻒ ﻳﻮﻗِﻒ ﺇﻳﻘﺎﻑ‬

to shut down (e.g. programme)

‫ﺗَ َﺤﻄﱠﻢ‬

to crash (v.i.) (e.g. browser)

‫ﺗ ََﺠ ﱠﻤﺪ‬

to freeze (v.i.)

‫ﺷﺎﺷﺔ ُﻣ َﺠ ﱠﻤﺪﺓ‬

frozen screen/ browser

42  WEB BROWSING & SURFING

‫ﺳﺤﺐ ﻳﺴ َﺤﺐ َﺳﺤْ ﺐ‬ ‫ﺍِ ْﺳ َﺤﺐ ﻭﺃَ ْﺳﻘِﻂ‬ ‫َﻋ َﻤﻠﻴّﺔ ﺍﻟ َﺴﺤْ ﺐ َﻭﺍﻹﺳْﻘﺎﻁ‬ ...‫ﻕ‬ َ ْ‫ﺿ ْﻊ ُﻣﺆَ ﱢﺷﺮ ﺍﻟﻔَﺄْﺭﺓ ﻓَﻮ‬ َ

to drag (file) drag and drop " hover (mouse) over . . .

‫ ﺗَ ْﻘﻠﻴﺐ‬/ ‫ﺗَ ْﺪﻭﻳﺮ‬

rotate

‫ﺗَ ْﻤﺮﻳﺮ‬

scroll

‫ﻗَﺮْ ﺹ‬

pinch (touchscreen)

‫ﻧَ ْﻘﺮ‬

tap (icon)

‫ َﺭﻭﺍﺑِﻂ‬،‫ﺭﺍﺑِﻂ‬

link

‫ﺍﺕ‬- ،‫ُﻭﺻْ ﻠﺔ‬

"

‫ﺍِﺭْ ﺗِﺒﺎﻁ ُﻣﺘَ َﺸﻌﱢﺐ‬

hyperlink

‫َﺭﻭﺍﺑِﻂ ُﻣﻔﻴﺪﺓ‬

useful links

‫ﺻﻠﺔ‬ ِ ‫َﺭﻭﺍﺑِﻂ ﺫﺍﺕ‬

related links

‫ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻴّﺔ‬ ِ ‫َﺭﻭﺍﺑِﻂ‬

internal links

‫ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻴّﺔ‬ ِ ‫َﺭﻭﺍﺑِﻂ‬

external links

‫ﺭﺍﺑِﻂ ُﻣ َﻌﻄﱠﻞ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﺑِﻂ َﻣﺤْ ﺠﻮﺏ‬

dead link blocked link

WEB BROWSING & SURFING  43

‫ﺭﺍﺑِﻂ ُﻣﺘَﺒﺎﺩَﻝ‬

reciprocal link

‫ﺭﺍﺑِﻂ ُﻣ َﻤ ﱠﻮﻝ‬

sponsored link

‫ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺗَﻮْ ﺟﻴﻪ‬

redirection (web links)

‫ﺻ ْﻔﺤﺔ ﺗَﻮْ ﺟﻴﻪ‬ َ

redirect page (n.)

‫َﺧﻄَﺄ ﻓﻲ ﺍ ِﻻﺗﱢﺼﺎﻝ‬

connection error

‫ﺍِ ْﺳﺘِ ْﺨﻼﺹ ﺍﻟ َﺨﻄَﺄ‬

error recovery

404 ‫ِﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺨَ ﻄَﺄ‬

the 404 error message

‫ِﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺨَ ﻄَﺄ " َﻏﻴْﺮ‬ "‫َﻣﻮْ ﺟﻮﺩﺓ‬

‘Not Found’ error message

‫ﻁَﻠَﺐ َﻏﻴْﺮ ﺻﺎﻟِﺢ‬

bad request (e.g. browser)

ْ ‫ﻒ ﺍﻟ َﻤ‬ ّ َ‫ﺍﻟ ِﻤﻠ‬ ‫ﻄﻠﻮﺏ َﻏﻴْﺮ‬ ‫َﻣﻮْ ﺟﻮﺩ‬

file requested not found

‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎ ِﺩﻡ َﻏﻴْﺮ َﻣﻮْ ﺟﻮﺩ‬

server not found

‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎ ِﺩﻡ ﻻ ﻳَ ْﺴﺘَﺠﻴﺐ‬

the server is not responding

‫ﱡﺒﻲ‬ ّ ‫ﻧَﺺّ ﺗَ َﺸﻌ‬ ‫ﻟُﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻨُﺼﻮﺹ ﺍﻟﺘَ َﺸﻌﱡﺒﻴّﺔ‬ (‫)ﺇﺗﺶ ﺗﻲ ﺇﻡ ﺇﻝ‬

hypertext hypertext markup language (HTML)

‫‪44  WEB BROWSING & SURFING‬‬

‫‪to save‬‬ ‫‪to save as‬‬ ‫‪save changes‬‬ ‫‪to click‬‬

‫ﺣﻔِﻆ ﻳﺤﻔَﻆ ِﺣ ْﻔﻆ‬ ‫ِﺣ ْﻔﻆ ﺑِﺎﺳْﻢ ‪ِ /‬ﺣ ْﻔﻆ َﻛـ‪...‬‬ ‫ِﺣ ْﻔﻆ ﺍﻟﺘَ ْﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺿ ْﻐﻂ‬ ‫ﺿﻐﻂ ﻳﻀﻐَﻂ َ‬

‫"‬

‫ﻛﺒﺲ ﻳﻜﺒَﺲ َﻛﺒْﺲ‬

‫"‬

‫ﻧﻘﺮ ﻳﻨﻘَﺮ ﻧَ ْﻘﺮ‬

‫‪click‬‬

‫ﻧَ ْﻘﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻧَﻘَﺮﺍﺕ‬

‫‪click here‬‬ ‫‪click and drag‬‬ ‫‪click rate‬‬

‫ﺍِﺿْ ﻐَﻂ ‪ /‬ﺍِ ْﻧﻘَﺮ ‪ /‬ﺍِ ْﻛﺒَﺲ ﻫُﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺍِﺿْ ﻐَﻂ ﻭﺍِﺳ َْﺤﺐ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﻌ ﱠﺪﻝ ﺍﻟﻨَﻘَﺮﺍﺕ‬

‫‪web counter/hit‬‬ ‫‪counter‬‬

‫َﻋ ّﺪﺍﺩ ُﺯﻭّﺍﺭ ﺍﻟ َﻤﻮْ ﻗِﻊ‬

‫‪website monitoring‬‬

‫َﺭﺻْ ﺪ ُﺯﻭّ ﺍﺭ ﺍﻟ َﻤﻮْ ﻗِﻊ‬

‫‪web/internet traffic‬‬

‫َﺣ َﺮﻛﺔ ُﻣﺮﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻮﻳﺐ‬

‫‪web traffic statistics‬‬

‫ﺇﺣْ ﺼﺎﺋﻴّﺎﺕ ﻋَﻦ ﻧَﺸﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ َﻤﻮْ ﻗِﻊ‬

‫‪web analytics‬‬ ‫‪incoming traffic‬‬

‫ﺗَﺤْ ﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﻳﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩ‬ ‫َﺣ َﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟ ُﻤﺮﻭﺭ‬ ‫ِ‬

WEB BROWSING & SURFING  45

‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺝ‬ ‫َﺣ َﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟ ُﻤﺮﻭﺭ‬ ِ ‫ﺿ َﺮﺑﺎﺕ‬ َ ،‫ﺿﺮْ ﺑﺔ‬ َ ‫ﺍﻟﻀ َﺮﺑﺎﺕ‬ َ ‫َﻋﺪَﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼ ْﻔﺤﺔ‬ َ ‫ﺿ َﺮﺑﺎﺕ‬ َ ‫َﻋﺪَﺩ‬

outgoing traffic hit (web) number of hits page hits

‫ﺍﻟﺼ ْﻔﺤﺔ‬ َ ‫َﻋﺪَﺩ ُﻣﺸﺎﻫَﺪﺍﺕ‬

page views

‫ﺗَ ْﻘﻴﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟ ُﻤ ْﺴﺘ َْﺨ ِﺪﻡ‬

user ratings

‫ﺼ ْﻔﺤﺔ‬ َ ‫ﺗَ ْﻘﻴﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟ‬

page ratings

‫ُﻣﺆَ ﱢﺷﺮ‬

cursor (mouse)

‫ﺍِ ْﺩ َﻋ ْﻤﻨﺎ‬

support us

‫ﺗَﺒَﺮﱠﻉ ﻟِ ْﻠ َﻤﻮْ ﻗِﻊ‬ ‫ﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕ‬ َ ‫ﺍِ ْﻗﺘِﺮﺍﺣﺎﺕ َﻭ ُﻣ‬ ‫ﺃَﺭْ ِﺳﻞ ﻟَﻨﺎ ُﻣﻼ َﺣﻈﺎﺗِﻚ‬ ‫ﺍِ ْﺫﻫَﺐ ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ ُﻣﺘﺎﺑَﻌﺔ‬/ ‫ﺗﺎﺑِﻊ‬

donate to the site feedback and suggestions send us your feedback go to continue/proceed

‫ ﺭُﺟﻮﻉ‬/ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑِﻘﺔ‬

back

‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟِﻴﺔ‬

next

46  WEB BROWSING & SURFING

‫ﺃَ ْﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟِﻸَ ْﻋﻠﻰ‬ ... ‫ﺍﻟ َﻤﺰﻳﺪ‬

top skip to top/ back to top more . . . (content)

...‫ﺃَﻗَ ّﻞ‬

less . . . (content)

‫ﺗﺎﺑِﻊ ﺍﻟﻘِﺮﺍءﺓ‬

continue reading

‫ﺍِ ْﻧﺘَﻘِﻞ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃَ ْﻋﻠﻰ‬

scroll up

‫ﺍِ ْﻧﺘَﻘِﻞ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃَ ْﺳﻔَﻞ‬

scroll down

‫ﺗَﻮْ ﺳﻴﻊ‬ َ / ‫ﺇ ْﻏﻼﻕ‬ ‫ﻁ ّﻲ‬ ‫َﻋﺮْ ﺽ‬

expand (e.g. thread of emails) collapse display (text)

‫ﺇ ْﺧﻔﺎء‬

hide (text)

ً‫ﻻ ِﺣﻘﺎ‬

later

...‫ﺍﻻ ْﻧﺘِﻈﺎﺭ‬ ِ ‫ﻳُﺮْ ﺟﻰ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻭﻟﺔ َﻣﺮّﺓ ﺃُ ْﺧﺮﻯ‬ َ ‫ﻳُﺮْ ﺟﻰ ﺍﻟ ُﻤ‬ ‫ ﻓﻲ‬/...‫ﻗَ ْﻴ َﺪ ﺍ ِﻻ ْﻧﺘِﻈﺎﺭ‬ ...‫ﺍ ِﻻ ْﻧﺘِﻈﺎﺭ‬ ...‫ﺍﻻﺗﱢﺼﺎﻝ‬ ِ ‫ﺟﺎﺭﻱ‬

please wait . . . please try again waiting/pending . . . connecting . . .

WEB BROWSING & SURFING  47

...‫ﺟﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺘَﺤْ ﻤﻴﻞ‬

loading . . .

...‫ﺟﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺘَ ْﻨﺰﻳﻞ‬

downloading . . .

...‫ﺟﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺘ َْﺜﺒﻴﺚ‬

installing . . .

...‫ﺗ َْﺨﺰﻳﻦ ُﻣﺆَ ﻗﱠﺖ ﻟِ ْﻠﺒَﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬

buffering . . .

...‫ﺟﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺘَﺰﺍ ُﻣﻦ‬

syncing in progress . . .

...‫ﺟﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺘَﺤْ ﺪﻳﺚ‬

updating . . .

...‫ﺍﻟﺠ ْﻠﺐ‬ َ ‫ﺟﺎﺭﻱ‬

fetching . . .

...‫ﺟﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺘ ََﺤﻘﱡﻖ‬

verifying . . .

...‫ﺟﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺘَﻮْ ﺛﻴﻖ‬

authenticating . . .

...‫ﺗَﺼْ ﺮﻳﺢ ﺑِﺎﻟ ِﺸﺮﺍء‬

authorising purchase . . .

... ‫ﺟﺎﺭﻱ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺗَﻮْ ﺟﻴﻪ‬

redirecting . . .

...‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺍء‬ ِ ‫ﺟﺎﺭﻱ‬

purchasing . . .

...‫ﺟﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺒَﺤْ ﺚ ﻋ َْﻦ َﺭﺳﺎﺋِﻞ‬

checking for messages . . .

...‫ﺟﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﺭْ ﺳﺎﻝ‬

sending . . .

...‫ﺟﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻟ َﺤ ْﺬﻑ‬

deleting . . .

‫ﺁﺭ ﺇﺱ ﺇﺱ ) ُﻣﻠَ ﱠﺨﺺ ُﻣ َﻜﺜﱠﻒ‬ (‫ﻟِ ْﻠ َﻤﻮْ ﻗِﻊ‬

rich site summary (RSS)

48  WEB BROWSING & SURFING

‫ِﺧ ْﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺘ َْﻠﻘﻴﻢ‬ RSS ‫ُﺧﻼﺻﺔ‬ RSS ‫ﺗَ ْﻐ ِﺬﻳﺔ‬

RSS service RSS feed "

RSS ‫ﺍِ ْﺷﺘ َِﺮﻙ ﻓﻲ ِﺧ ْﺪﻣﺔ‬

subscribe to RSS

‫ﺁﺧﺮ ﺧَ ﺒَﺮ‬ ِ ‫ﺍِ ْﺷﺘ َِﺮﻙ ﻓﻲ ِﺧ ْﺪﻣﺔ‬ ّ َ‫ﺎﻟﺮﺳﺎﺋِﻞ ﺍﻟﻨ‬ ‫ﺼﻴّﺔ‬ َ ِ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘَﺼﻴﺮﺓ‬

subscribe to SMS alerts

‫ﺁﺧﺮ ﺧَ ﺒَﺮ‬ ِ ‫ﺍِ ْﺷﺘ َِﺮﻙ ﻓﻲ ِﺧ ْﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺑِﺎﻟﺒَﺮﻳﺪ ﺍﻹﻟِ ْﻜ ْﺘﺮﻭﻧ ّﻲ‬

subscribe to email news alerts

‫ﺍِ ْﺷﺘ َِﺮﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘَﻌْﻠﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬

subscribe to comments

‫ﺍِ ْﺷﺘ َِﺮﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘَ ْﺪﻭﻳﻨﺎﺕ‬

subscribe to posts

‫ ﻭﻥ‬- ،‫ُﻣ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮﻙ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺭﺉ ﺃَ ْﺧﺒﺎﺭ‬ ِ

subscriber newsreader

‫َﻋﺮْ ﺽ ﻋَﻠﻰ ﺍﻟ َﺸﺒَﻜﺔ‬

online viewing

‫ﻗِﺮﺍءﺓ ﻋَﻠﻰ ﺍﻟ َﺸﺒَﻜﺔ‬

online reading

‫ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﻟ َﺸﺒَﻜﺔ‬ ِ ‫َﻋﺮْ ﺽ‬

offline viewing

‫ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﻟ َﺸﺒَﻜﺔ‬ ِ ‫ﻗِﺮﺍءﺓ‬

offline reading

‫ َﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ‬،‫َﻣﻘﺎﻟﺔ ُﻣ ْﺨﺘﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ُﻣ ْﺨﺘﺎﺭﺓ‬

featured article

WEB BROWSING & SURFING  49

‫ ُﻣﺤْ ﺘ ََﻮﻳﺎﺕ‬،‫ُﻣﺤْ ﺘَﻮﻯ ُﻣ ْﺨﺘﺎﺭ‬ ‫ُﻣ ْﺨﺘﺎﺭﺓ‬ …‫ ﺍﻟ َﻤﻮﺍﺿﻴﻊ‬/ ‫ﺍﻟ َﻤﻘﺎﻻﺕ‬ ً‫ﺍﻷَ ْﻛﺜَﺮ ﻗِﺮﺍءﺓ‬

featured content the articles/the topics . . . most read

ً‫َﺼﻔﱡﺤﺎ‬ َ ‫ﺍﻷَ ْﻛﺜَﺮ ﺗ‬

most browsed

ً‫ﺍﻷَ ْﻛﺜَﺮ َﺷﻌْﺒﻴّﺔ‬

most popular

ً‫ﺍﻷَ ْﻛﺜَﺮ ﺗَ ْﻔﻀﻴﻼ‬

most favoured/ bookmarked

ً‫ﺍﻷَ ْﻛﺜَﺮ ِﻁﺒﺎﻋﺔ‬

most printed

ً‫ﺍﻷَ ْﻛﺜَﺮ ِﺣ ْﻔﻈﺎ‬

most saved

ً‫ﺍﻷَ ْﻛﺜَﺮ ﺗَﻌْﻠﻴﻘﺎ‬

most commented-on

‫ﺍﻷَ ْﻛﺜَﺮ ﺇﺛﺎﺭﺓً ﻟِﻠﺘَﻌْﻘﻴﺒﺎﺕ‬ ً‫ﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ‬ َ ‫ﺍﻷَ ْﻛﺜَﺮ ُﻣ‬ ً‫ﺍﻷَ ْﻛﺜَﺮ ﺇﺭْ ﺳﺎﻻ‬

" most shared most sent

‫ﺻ ْﻔ َﺤﺘَﻚ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ‬ َ ‫ﺍِﺟْ َﻌ ْﻠﻨﺎ‬

make us (our site) your homepage

‫ﺻ ْﻔﺤﺔ ﺍﻟ َﻤ ْﺪﺧَﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟ َﻮﺿْ ﻊ‬ َ ‫ ﺍﻟ ُﻤ َﺴﺒﱠﻖ‬/ ‫ﺍﻟﺘِ ْﻠﻘﺎﺋ ّﻲ‬

default home page

‫ﻧُﺴْﺨﺔ ﻧَﺼّ ﻴّﺔ‬

text version

50  WEB BROWSING & SURFING

‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮّﺍﻝ‬ َ ‫َﻋﺮْ ﺽ‬

mobile mode

‫َﻋﺮْ ﺽ ﺣﺎﺳﻮﺏ ﺍﻟ َﻤ ْﻜﺘَﺐ‬

desktop mode/ classic mode

‫ﻧُﺴْﺨﺔ َﺳﻬْﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻄَﺒْﻊ‬

printer-friendly version

‫ِﻁﺒﺎﻋﺔ ُﻣﺒَﺴﱠﻄﺔ‬

basic printable version

‫ِﻁﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﺷﺎ ِﻣﻠﺔ‬

comprehensive printable version

‫ﺻ ْﻔﺤﺔ ُﻣﺨَ ﺒﱠﺄَﺓ‬ َ

cached page

‫ﺻ ْﻔﺤﺔ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻴّﺔ‬ َ ‫ ﺍِ ْﻗﺘَ َﺮﻉ‬/‫ﺻﻮﱠﺕ‬ َ ْ ِ‫ ﺍِ ْﺳﺘ‬/ ‫ﺍِ ْﺳﺘِ ْﻔﺘﺎء‬ ‫ﻄﻼﻉ‬ ‫ﺗَﺼْ ﻮﻳﺖ‬ ْ ِ‫ﻧَﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺍ ِﻻ ْﺳﺘ‬ ‫ﻄﻼﻉ‬ ‫ﻧَﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘَﺼْ ﻮﻳﺖ‬ ‫ُﻣﺘَ َﻌﺪﱢﺩ ﺍﻟ َﻤﻬﺎ ّﻡ‬

dynamic page to vote (online) poll voting poll results " multi-tasking (computer)

‫‪5. WEB SEARCHING‬‬ ‫‪5.1 General‬‬

‫‪to search‬‬ ‫‪to google, googling‬‬ ‫‪safe search‬‬ ‫‪detailed search‬‬ ‫‪advanced search‬‬ ‫‪web search engine‬‬

‫ﺑﺤﺚ ﻳﺒ َﺤﺚ ﺑَﺤْ ﺚ‬ ‫ﺍِ ْﺳﺘِ ْﺨﺪﺍﻡ ُﻣ َﺤﺮﱢﻙ ﺍﻟﺒَﺤْ ﺚ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺟْ ﻞ ‪ /‬ﻏﻮ ْﻏﻞ ‪ /‬ﻗﻮﻗﻞ‬ ‫ﺑَﺤْ ﺚ ﺁ ِﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺑَﺤْ ﺚ ﺗَ ْﻔﺼﻴﻠ ّﻲ‬ ‫ﺑَﺤْ ﺚ ُﻣﺘَﻘَﺪﱢﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﻮﺙ‬

‫"‬

‫ُﻣ َﺤﺮﱢﻙ ﺍﻟﺒَﺤْ ﺚ‪- ،‬ﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒَﺤْ ﺚ‬

‫"‬

‫ﺩَﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺒَﺤْ ﺚ‪ ،‬ﺩﻻﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﺒَﺤْ ﺚ‬

‫"‬

‫ِﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﺒَﺤْ ﺚ‪ ،‬ﺃَﺟْ ِﻬﺰﺓ ﺍﻟﺒَﺤْ ﺚ‬

‫‪image search‬‬ ‫‪engine‬‬

‫ﺼ َﻮﺭ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺤﺮﱢﻙ ﺑَﺤْ ﺚ ﺍﻟ ُ‬

‫‪video search engine‬‬

‫ُﻣ َﺤﺮﱢﻙ ﺑَﺤْ ﺚ ﺍﻟﻔﻴ ْﺪﻳﻮ‬

‫‪voice search engine‬‬

‫ﺎﻟﺼﻮْ ﺕ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺤﺮﱢﻙ ﺑَﺤْ ﺚ ﺑِ َ‬

‫‪real-time search‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻮ ْﻗﺖ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺤﺮﱢﻙ ﺑَﺤْ ﺚ ﻓﻲ َ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔِﻌْﻠ ّﻲ‬

‫‪52  WEB SEARCHING‬‬

‫‪desktop search‬‬ ‫‪engine‬‬

‫ُﻣ َﺤﺮﱢﻙ ﺑَﺤْ ﺚ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺳﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ َﻤ ْﻜﺘَﺒ ّﻲ‬

‫‪book search engine‬‬

‫ُﻣ َﺤﺮﱢﻙ ﺑَﺤْ ﺚ ﺍﻟ ُﻜﺘُﺐ‬

‫‪metasearch engine‬‬

‫ُﻣ َﺤﺮﱢﻙ ﺑَﺤْ ﺚ ُﻣﺘَﻄَ ﱢﻮﺭ‬

‫‪multisearch engine‬‬

‫ُﻣ َﺤﺮﱢﻙ ﺑَﺤْ ﺚ ُﻣﺘَ َﻌﺪﱢﺩ‬

‫‪multilingual search‬‬ ‫‪engine‬‬

‫ُﻣ َﺤﺮﱢﻙ ﺑَﺤْ ﺚ ُﻣﺘَ َﻌﺪﱢﺩ ﺍﻟﻠُﻐﺎﺕ‬

‫‪search engine‬‬ ‫‪optimisation‬‬ ‫)‪(SEO‬‬

‫ُﻣ َﺤﺮﱢﻙ ﺍﻟﺒَﺤْ ﺚ ﺍﻷَ ْﻣﺜَﻞ‬

‫‪bookmark‬‬

‫ﻋَﻼﻣﺔ َﻣﺮْ ِﺟﻌﻴّﺔ‪- ،‬ﺍﺕ‬ ‫َﻣﺮْ ِﺟﻌﻴّﺔ‬

‫‪keywords‬‬

‫َﻛﻠِﻤﺎﺕ ﺃَﺳﺎﺳﻴّﺔ ‪َ /‬ﺭﺋﻴﺴﻴّﺔ‬

‫"‬

‫َﻛﻠِﻤﺎﺕ ِﻣ ْﻔﺘﺎﺣﻴّﺔ‬

‫‪tag‬‬

‫ﺃُ ْﻋـﻠﻮﻣﺔ‪- ،‬ﺍﺕ‬

‫"‬

‫َﻭ ْﺳﻢ‪ُ ،‬ﻭﺳﻮﻡ‬

‫"‬

‫َﻛﻠِﻤﺔ ﺩَﻟﻴﻠﻴّﺔ‪- ،‬ﺍﺕ ﺩَﻟﻴﻠﻴّﺔ‬

‫‪tagging‬‬ ‫‪geotagging‬‬ ‫‪tag cloud‬‬

‫ﺗَﻮْ ﺳﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺮﺍﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺗَﻮْ ﺳﻴﻢ ُﺟ ْﻐ ّ‬ ‫َﺳﺤﺎﺑﺔ ُﻭﺳﻮﻡ‬

WEB SEARCHING  53

‫َﺳﺤﺎﺑﺔ ُﻣ ْﻔ َﺮﺩﺍﺕ‬

word cloud

‫ﺍﺕ‬- ،‫ﺗَﺼْ ﻨﻴﻒ‬

category

‫ﺍﺕ‬- ،‫ﺃَﺭْ ﺷﻴﻒ‬

archive

‫ﺃَﺭْ ﺷَﻔﺔ‬ ‫ ﺃَ ِﺩﻟّﺔ َﻣﻮﺍﻗِﻊ‬،‫ﺩَﻟﻴﻞ َﻣﻮﺍﻗِﻊ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﺒَﺤْ ﺚ‬ ‫ﻧَﺼﺎﺋِﺢ ﻟِ ْﻠﺒَﺤْ ﺚ‬ ‫ﻧَﺘﺎﺋِﺞ ﺍﻟﺒَﺤْ ﺚ‬ ‫ﻟَ ْﻢ ﻳَﺘِ ﱠﻢ ﺍﻟﻌُﺜﻮﺭ ﻋَﻠﻰ ﺃَﻱّ ﻧَﺘﺎﺋِﺞ‬ ‫؟‬... ‫ﺼﺪ‬ ِ ‫ﻫَﻞْ ﺗَ ْﻘ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮ ﻧَﺘﺎﺋِﺞ ﺍﻟﺒَﺤْ ﺚ‬ ِ ‫ُﻣ َﺤﺮﱢﻙ ﺑَﺤْ ﺚ ُﻣ َﺠ ﱢﻤﻊ‬ ‫َﻛﻠِﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒَﺤْ ﺚ ﺍﻟ َﻤ ْﺸﻬﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ ِﺧﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒَﺤْ ﺚ‬/ ‫ﺗَ ْﻔﻀﻴﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﺯﺍﺣﻒ ﺍﻟﻮﻳﺐ‬ ِ ‫ﻓَﻬ َْﺮﺳﺔ َﻣﺼﺎ ِﺩﺭ ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬

archiving website directory search box/field search tips search results no results found did you mean . . . ? (search results) recent searches search aggregator popular search terms preferences (search) web crawler web indexing

54  WEB SEARCHING

‫ﺳُﺆﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﺒَﺤْ ﺚ‬ ‫ﺗَ ْﻨﻘﻴﺐ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨُﺼﻮﺹ‬ ‫ﺗَﺼْ ﻔﻴﺔ‬

web search query text mining filtering (search)

‫ﺗَﺼْ ﻔﻴﺔ ُﻣ ْﻌﺘَ ِﺪﻟﺔ‬

moderate filtering

‫ﺗَﺼْ ﻔﻴﺔ ُﻣﺘَ َﺸﺪﱢﺩﺓ‬

strict filtering

‫ﺗَﺼْ ﻔِﻴﺔ ﻧَﺘﺎﺋِﺞ ﺍﻟﺒَﺤْ ﺚ‬ ‫ﺑِﺎ ْﺳﺘِ ْﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺒَﺤْ ﺚ ﺍﻵ ِﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻧَﺘﺎﺋِﺞ ﺍﻟﺘَﺼْ ﻔﻴﺔ‬

safe search filtering filter results

‫ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺔ‬ َ ‫ﺗَﺮْ ﺗﻴﺐ َﺣ َﺴ‬ ِ :‫ﺐ‬

sort by: relevance

‫ ﺍﻟﺜ َﻤﻦ ِﻣﻦ‬:‫ﺐ‬ َ ‫ﺗَﺮْ ﺗﻴﺐ َﺣ َﺴ‬ َ ‫ﺃَ ْﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻗَ ّﻞ‬

sort by: price high to low

ّ‫ ﺍﻟﺜ َﻤﻦ ِﻣﻦ ﺃَﻗَﻞ‬:‫ﺐ‬ َ ‫ﺗَﺮْ ﺗﻴﺐ َﺣ َﺴ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃَ ْﻋﻠﻰ‬

sort by: price low to high

‫ ﺍﻟ َﺸﻌْﺒﻴّﺔ‬:‫ﺐ‬ َ ‫ﺗَﺮْ ﺗﻴﺐ َﺣ َﺴ‬

sort by: popularity

‫ ُﻣ َﻌ ﱠﺪﻝ ﺁﺭﺍء‬:‫ﺐ‬ َ ‫ﺗَﺮْ ﺗﻴﺐ َﺣ َﺴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ ُﻌ َﻤﻼء‬

sort by: average customer review

‫ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻟﻨَ ْﺸﺮ‬:‫ﺐ‬ َ ‫ﺗَﺮْ ﺗﻴﺐ َﺣ َﺴ‬

sort by: release/ publication date

WEB SEARCHING  55 5.2 Search themes

‫ﺃَﺩَﺏ‬

literature

‫ﺛَﻘﺎﻓﺔ‬

culture

‫ﺃَ ْﺧﺒﺎﺭ َﻭﺇ ْﻋﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﺗَﺮْ ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ِﺭﻳﺎﺿﺔ‬

news and media entertainment sport

‫ﻋُﻠﻮﻡ‬

science

‫ﻓُﻨﻮﻥ‬

art

‫ﻧُﺠﻮﻡ‬

celebrities

‫ُﻣﺠْ ﺘَ َﻤﻊ‬

society

‫ﺻﻮْ ﺗﻴّﺎﺕ‬ َ

audio

‫ ﻓﻴ ْﺪﻳﻮ‬/ ‫َﻣﺮْ ﺋﻴّﺎﺕ‬

video

‫َﺧﺮﺍﺋِﻂ‬

maps

‫َﺳﻔَﺮ َﻭ ِﺳﻴﺎﺣﺔ‬

travel and tourism

‫ ﺇ ْﻗﻠﻴﻤ ّﻲ‬/ ‫َﻣ َﺤﻠّ ّﻲ‬

local

‫ﺍﻟ َﺸﺮْ ﻕ ﺍﻷﻭْ َﺳﻂ‬

Middle East

‫ﺑﻴﺌﺔ‬

environment

‫ﺃُﺳْﺮﺓ‬

family

56  WEB SEARCHING

‫ﺣﺎﺳﻮﺏ‬

computers

‫ﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺗِ ْﻜ‬ ِ

technology

‫ﻣﻮﺳﻴﻘﻰ‬

music

‫ﺃَ ْﻓﻼﻡ‬

movies

‫ﺗَﻌْﻠﻴﻢ‬

education

‫ﺷ َْﺨﺼﻴّﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺗِﺠﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻝ َﻭﺃَ ْﻋﻤﺎﻝ‬ ‫َﻣ ْﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ُﻣﻔﻴﺪﺓ‬

personalities trade business and finance useful information

‫ﺻﺤﺎﻓﺔ‬ ِ

press

‫َﻋﻘﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬

property

‫َﻭﻅﺎﺋِﻒ‬

jobs

‫ِﺳﻴﺎﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺇ ْﻋﻼﻧﺎﺕ ُﻣﺒَﻮﱠ ﺑﺔ‬

politics classified ads (advertisements)

‫‪6. INTERNET SERVICES‬‬ ‫‪e-Services‬‬

‫ِﺧ ْﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺇﻟِ ْﻜ ْﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴّﺔ‬

‫‪e-Commerce‬‬

‫ﺗِﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﻟِ ْﻜ ْﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴّﺔ‬

‫‪e-Shopping‬‬

‫ِﺷﺮﺍء ﺇﻟِ ْﻜ ْﺘﺮﻭﻧ ّﻲ‬

‫‪internet‬‬ ‫‪shopping‬‬

‫ﺗَﺴَﻮﱡ ﻕ ﻋَﻠﻰ ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬

‫‪e-Marketing‬‬

‫ﺗَﺴْﻮﻳﻖ ﺇﻟِ ْﻜ ْﺘﺮﻭﻧ ّﻲ‬

‫‪e-Tailing‬‬ ‫‪email marketing‬‬

‫ﺑَﻴْﻊ ﻗِﻄﺎﻋ ّﻲ ﺇﻟِ ْﻜ ْﺘﺮﻭﻧ ّﻲ‬ ‫ﺗَﺴْﻮﻳﻖ َﻋﺒ َْﺮ ﺍﻟﺒَﺮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻟِ ْﻜ ْﺘﺮﻭﻧ ّﻲ‬

‫‪internet‬‬ ‫‪marketplace‬‬

‫ﺳﻮﻕ ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬

‫‪e-Government‬‬

‫ﺣُﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺇﻟِ ْﻜ ْﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴّﺔ‬

‫‪e-Democracy‬‬

‫ﺩﻳﻤ ْﻘﺮﺍﻁﻴّﺔ ﺇﻟِ ْﻜ ْﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴّﺔ‬

‫‪revolution 2.0‬‬

‫ﺛَﻮْ ﺭﺓ ﺇﻟِ ْﻜ ْﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴّﺔ ‪2.0‬‬

‫‪e-Voting‬‬

‫ﺗَﺼْ ﻮﻳﺖ ﺇﻟِ ْﻜ ْﺘﺮﻭﻧ ّﻲ‬

‫‪e-Petition‬‬

‫ﻋَﺮﻳﻀﺔ ﺇﻟِ ْﻜ ْﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴّﺔ‬

‫‪e-Business‬‬

‫ﺗِﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﻟِ ْﻜ ْﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴّﺔ‬

‫‪58  INTERNET SERVICES‬‬

‫‪online company‬‬ ‫‪online store/‬‬ ‫‪webstore‬‬ ‫‪online banking‬‬

‫َﺮﻛﺔ ﺇﻟِ ْﻜ ْﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴّﺔ‪- ،‬ﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺷ ِ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﺇﻟِﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴّﺔ‬ ‫َﻣ ْﺘ َﺠﺮ َﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬ ‫ِﺧ ْﺪﻣﺎﺕ َﻣﺼْ َﺮﻓﻴّﺔ َﻋﺒ َْﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬

‫‪secure online‬‬ ‫‪payment service‬‬

‫ِﺧ ْﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻟ َﺪ ْﻓﻊ ﺍﻹﻟِ ْﻜ ْﺘﺮﻭﻧ ّﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻵ ِﻣﻦ‬

‫‪online transactions‬‬

‫ُﻣﻌﺎ َﻣﻼﺕ ﻣﺎﻟﻴّﺔ َﻋﺒ َْﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ِﻧﺖ‬

‫‪e-Payment‬‬

‫َﺳﺪﺍﺩ ﺇﻟِ ْﻜ ْﺘﺮﻭﻧ ّﻲ ‪َ /‬ﺩ ْﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﺇﻟِ ْﻜ ْﺘﺮﻭﻧ ّﻲ‬

‫‪e-Cash‬‬

‫ﻣﺎﻝ ﺇﻟِ ْﻜ ْﺘﺮﻭﻧ ّﻲ‬

‫‪e-Bank‬‬

‫ﺑَ ْﻨﻚ ﺇﻟِ ْﻜ ْﺘﺮﻭﻧ ّﻲ‬

‫‪e-Health‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤّ ﺔ ﺍﻹﻟِ ْﻜ ْﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴّﺔ‬ ‫ِﺧ ْﺪﻣﺎﺕ ِ‬

‫‪e-Science‬‬

‫ِﺧ ْﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌُﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻹﻟِ ْﻜ ْﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴّﺔ‬

‫‪e-Development‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘَﻄَﻮﱡ ﺭ َﻭﺍﻟﺘَ ْﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻟِ ْﻜ ْﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴّﺔ‬

‫‪e-Entertainment‬‬

‫ﺗَﺮْ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺇﻟِ ْﻜ ْﺘﺮﻭﻧ ّﻲ‬

‫‪e-Inclusion‬‬ ‫‪online auction‬‬

‫ﺍِﺣْ ﺘِﻮﺍء ﺇﻟِ ْﻜ ْﺘﺮﻭﻧ ّﻲ‬ ‫َﻣﺰﺍﺩ ﺇﻟِ ْﻜ ْﺘﺮﻭﻧ ّﻲ‬

INTERNET SERVICES  59

‫ُﻣﺰﺍﻳَﺪﺓ َﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬ ‫ﺇ ْﺩﺭﺍﺝ ﺍﻟ ِﺴﻠَﻊ َﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬ ‫ﻻﺋِﺤﺔ ﺍﻷَ ْﺷﻴﺎء ﺍﻟ ُﻤﺸﺎﻫَﺪﺓ‬ ‫ُﻣﺸﺎﻫَﺪﺓ‬ ‫ْﺇﻟﻐﺎء ﺍﻟ ُﻤﺸﺎﻫَﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺗَﻌْﻠﻴﻘﺎﺕ َﺣﻮْ ﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺋِﻊ‬

online bidding online listing ‘watch items’ list (online auction) watch (e.g. auction) unwatch seller feedback

‫ُﺭﺩﻭﺩ ﻓِ ْﻌﻞ ُﻣﺤﺎﻳِﺪﺓ‬

neutral feedback

‫ُﺭﺩﻭﺩ ﻓِ ْﻌﻞ ﺇﻳﺠﺎﺑﻴّﺔ‬

positive feedback

‫ُﺭﺩﻭﺩ ﻓِ ْﻌﻞ َﺳ ْﻠﺒﻴّﺔ‬

negative feedback

‫َﺣﺠْ ﺰ ﺍﻟ َﺴﻔَﺮ َﻋﺒ َْﺮ ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬

online travel booking

‫َﺣﺠْ ﺰ ﺗَﺬﺍ ِﻛﺮ ﺍﻟﻄَﻴَﺮﺍﻥ َﻋﺒ َْﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬

online flight booking

‫َﺣﺠْ ﺰ ﺍﻟﺘَﺬﺍ ِﻛﺮ َﻋ ْﺒ َﺮ ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬

online ticket booking

‫ﺗَﺤْ ﻮﻳﻞ ﺍﻷَ ْﻣﻮﺍﻝ َﻋ ْﺒ َﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬

online money transfer

‫ﺻﺤﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻟِ ْﻜ ْﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴّﺔ‬ ِ

online journalism

60  INTERNET SERVICES

‫ﺍﻟﺒَﺤْ ﺚ ﻋَﻦ ﻋَﻘﺎﺭﺍﺕ َﻋ ْﺒ َﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒَﺤْ ﺚ ﻋَﻦ ُﺷﻘَﻖ َﻋ ْﺒ َﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ِﻧﺖ‬

online property search online apartment search

‫ﺃَ ْﻟﻌﺎﺏ ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬

online games

‫ﺃَ ْﻟﻌﺎﺏ ﺍﻟ ُﻜ ْﻤﺒْﻴﻮﺗِﺮ‬

computer games

‫ﻗِﻤﺎﺭ َﻋﺒ َْﺮ ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬

online gambling

‫ﺑِﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘَ ْﻬﻨِﺌﺔ ﺍﻹﻟِ ْﻜ ْﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴّﺔ‬ ‫ُﻣ ْﺴﺘَﻨَﺪﺍﺕ ﺇﻟِ ْﻜ ْﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴّﺔ‬ ‫ﺗَﺮْ َﺟﻤﺔ ﺇﻟِ ْﻜ ْﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴّﺔ‬ ‫ِﺧ ْﺪﻣﺔ ﻁَﻠَﺐ ﺍﻟﻄَﻌﺎﻡ َﻋ ْﺒ َﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬ ‫ﺗَ ْﻘﻮﻳﻢ ﺇﻟِ ْﻜ ْﺘﺮﻭﻧ ّﻲ‬

e-Cards (greeting) online office e-Translation/ online translation online food ordering online calendar/ diary

‫ﺻﺪﺍﻗﺔ‬ َ ‫ِﺧ ْﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺗَﻌﺎﺭُﻑ َﻭ‬ ‫َﻋ ْﺒ َﺮ ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬

online dating service

‫ﺭﺍ ْﺩﻳﻮ ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬

internet radio

‫ﻓﺎ ْﻛﺲ ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ِﻧﺖ‬

internet fax

‫ﺗِ ْﻠﻔﺎﺯ ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ِﻧﺖ‬

internet/online television (TV)

INTERNET SERVICES  61

‫َﻣ َﺠﻠّﺔ ﺇﻟِ ْﻜ ْﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴّﺔ ﺃﻛﺎﺩﻳﻤﻴّﺔ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﻴﻔﺔ ﺇﻟِ ْﻜ ْﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴّﺔ‬ َ ‫َﻣ َﺠﻠّﺔ ﺇﻟِ ْﻜ ْﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴّﺔ‬ ‫ﺩَﻭْ ﺭﻳّﺔ ﺇﻟِ ْﻜ ْﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴّﺔ‬ ‫ﻧَ ْﺸﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺒَﺮﻳﺪ ﺍﻹﻟِ ْﻜ ْﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴّﺔ‬ ‫ﻧَ ْﺸﺮ ﺇﻟِ ْﻜ ْﺘﺮﻭﻧ ّﻲ‬ ‫ُﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬ ‫ُﻣﺤْ ﺘَﻮﻯ ﻋ‬ ّ ّ‫ُﻣﺤْ ﺘَﻮﻯ ُﺣﺮ‬ ‫ُﻣﺤْ ﺘَﻮﻯ ِﻋ ْﻨ َﺪ ﺍﻟﻄَﻠَﺐ‬

e-Journal e-Paper e-Zine/e-Magazine e-Newsletter " e-Publishing/ePub/ web publishing public content free content content-on-demand (COD)

‫ﻓﻴ ْﺪﻳﻮ ِﻋ ْﻨ َﺪ ﺍﻟﻄَﻠَﺐ‬

video-on-demand (VOD)

‫ﺃَ ْﻓﻼﻡ ِﻋ ْﻨ َﺪ ﺍﻟﻄَﻠَﺐ‬

movies-on-demand (MOD)

‫ِﻁﺒﺎﻋﺔ ِﻋ ْﻨ َﺪ ﺍﻟﻄَﻠَﺐ‬

print-on-demand (POD)

‫َﺟ ْﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻝ َﻋﺒ َْﺮ َﻣﻮﺍﻗِﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ِﻧﺖ‬

website monetisation

‫ﺗَﺴَﻮﱡ ﻝ َﻋﺒ َْﺮ ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ِﻧﺖ‬

internet begging

62  INTERNET SERVICES

‫ﻀ ْﻐﻂ‬ َ ‫ﺍﻟ َﺪ ْﻓﻊ ِﻋ ْﻨ َﺪ ﺍﻟ‬

pay per click (PPC)

‫ﺍﻟ َﺪ ْﻓﻊ ُﻣﻘﺎﺑِ َﻞ ﺍﻟ ُﻤﺸﺎﻫَﺪﺓ‬

pay per view (PPV)

‫ﺼ َﻮﺭ َﻋ ْﺒ َﺮ‬ ُ ‫ﻁَﻠَﺐ ِﻁﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬

ordering prints online (photos)

‫ﻫَﺪﻳّﺔ َﺭ ْﻗﻤﻴّﺔ‬

digital gift

‫ﻫَﺪﻳّﺔ ﺍِ ْﻓﺘِﺮﺍﺿﻴّﺔ‬

virtual gift

‫ﻤﻲ‬ ّ ‫ِﺣ ْﻔﻆ َﺭ ْﻗ‬ ‫ َﻋﻠﻰ‬/ ‫ﺃَﺭْ َﺷﻔﺔ َﺭ ْﻗﻤﻴّﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬

digital preservation digital/web archiving

7. WRITTEN ONLINE COMMUNICATION 7.1 General

‫ﻋﺎ ّﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬

internet slang

‫ﻟُﻐﺔ َﺩﺭْ ﺩَﺷﺔ ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬

weblish/ netspeak

‫ﻋ ََﺮﺑﻴﺰﻱ‬

Arabizi/ Aralish/ Arabish

‫ﻋ ََﺮﺑِﻴّﺔ ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬ ‫ﺁﺩﺍﺏ َﻭﺃَ ْﺧـﻼﻕ ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬

Arabic chat/alphabet, Arabic chat/speak netiquette (net etiquette)

‫ﺗَﻮﺍﺭﻯ‬

to lurk

‫َﻮﺍﺭ‬ ٍ ‫ﺗ‬

lurking

‫ﺼﻴﱠﺪ‬ َ َ‫ﺗ‬

to troll

‫ﺼﻴﱡﺪ‬ َ َ‫ﺗ‬

trolling

‫ﺍِﺗﱢﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺣﺎﺳﻮﺑﻴّﺔ‬

computer-mediated communication (CMC)

64  WRITTEN ONLINE COMMUNICATION

‫ﺍِ ْﺳﺘِﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﻁَﻠَﺐ ﺇﻟِ ْﻜ ْﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴّﺔ‬ ‫ﺍِ ْﺳﺘِﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺍِﺗﱠﺼﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺇ ْﻛﻤﺎﻝ ﺗِ ْﻠﻘﺎﺋ ّﻲ‬

online application form/webform contact form auto-fill/autocomplete (forms)

‫ﺧﺎﻧﺎﺕ ْﺇﻟﺰﺍﻣﻴّﺔ‬

required fields

‫ﺧﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍِ ْﺧﺘِﻴﺎﺭﻳّﺔ‬

optional fields

‫َﻣ ْﺴﺢ ﺍ ِﻻ ْﺳﺘِﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬

clear form

‫ﺇﺭْ ﺳﺎﻝ‬

submit, send

‫ ُﻣ ْﻨﺘَ َﺪﻳﺎﺕ‬،‫ُﻣ ْﻨﺘَﺪﻯ ﺇ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬ ‫ﺇ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬

internet forum/ message board

‫ ُﻣ ْﻠﺘَﻘَﻴﺎﺕ‬،‫ُﻣ ْﻠﺘَﻘﻰ ﺇ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ِﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺇ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬

discussion forum

‫ُﻣ ْﻨﺘَﺪﻯ َﺩ ْﻋﻢ‬ ‫ُﻣ ْﻨﺘَﺪﻯ َﻣﺠْ ﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬

support forum community forum

‫ﺗَ َﺴ ْﻠﺴُﻞ ﻫ ََﺮﻣ ّﻲ ﻟِ ْﻠ ُﻤﺤﺎﺩَﺛﺔ‬

conversation threading (forum)

‫ﺗَ َﺴ ْﻠﺴُﻞ ﻫ ََﺮﻣ ّﻲ ﻟِﻤﻮﺍﺿﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ ُﻤﺤﺎﺩَﺛﺔ‬

topic threading

‫ﺃَ ْﺷ َﺮﻑ‬

to moderate (online)

WRITTEN ONLINE COMMUNICATION  65

‫ُﻣ ْﺸ ِﺮﻑ ُﻣ ْﻨﺘَ ًﺪﻯ‬

forum moderator

‫ﺇ ْﺷﺮﺍﻑ ﻋَﻠﻰ ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬

online moderation

‫ﺇ ْﺷﺮﺍﻑ ﻋَﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘَﻌْﻠﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬

comment moderation

ْ ‫َﻣﺠْ ﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﺧﺒﺎﺭﻳّﺔ‬ ‫ﺁﺭﺍء ﺍﻟ ُﻌ َﻤﻼء َﻋﺒ َْﺮ ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬ ‫ﺗَﻌْﻠﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟ َﻤﻮْ ﻗِﻊ‬

newsgroup online customer reviews website comments

7.2 Email communication

‫ﺑَﺮﻳﺪ ﺇﻟِ ْﻜ ْﺘﺮﻭﻧ ّﻲ‬

email (electronic mail)

‫ِﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﺑَﺮﻳﺪ ﺇﻟِ ْﻜ ْﺘﺮﻭﻧ ّﻲ‬

email account

‫ُﻋ ْﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺑَﺮﻳﺪ ﺇﻟِ ْﻜ ْﺘﺮﻭﻧ ّﻲ‬

email address

‫ﻼ ْﺳﺘِﻌْﻤﺎﻝ‬ ِ ْ ِ‫ﺑَﺮﻳﺪ ﺇﻟِ ْﻜ ْﺘﺮﻭﻧ ّﻲ ﻟ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‬ ِ ‫ﻟِ َﻤﺮّﺓ‬

disposable email address

‫ﺑَﺮﻳﺪ ﺇﻟِ ْﻜ ْﺘﺮﻭﻧ ّﻲ ُﻣﺆَ ﻗﱠﺖ‬

temporary email address

‫ﺑَﺮﻳﺪ ﺇﻟِ ْﻜ ْﺘﺮﻭﻧ ّﻲ ﺑَﺪﻳﻞ‬

alternative email

‫ﺑَﺮﻳﺪ ﻫَﺠﻴﻦ‬

hybrid mail

‫‪66  WRITTEN ONLINE COMMUNICATION‬‬

‫‪email letter/L-mail‬‬

‫ِﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺑَﺮﻳﺪ ﺇﻟِ ْﻜ ْﺘﺮﻭﻧ ّﻲ‬

‫‪email client‬‬

‫ﺑَﺮْ ﻧﺎ َﻣﺞ ﻋَﻤﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺒَﺮﻳﺪ‬

‫‪desktop email client‬‬

‫ﺑَﺮْ ﻧﺎ َﻣﺞ ﻋَﻤﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺒَﺮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ َﻤ ْﻜﺘَﺒ ّﻲ‬

‫‪web-based email‬‬ ‫‪client‬‬ ‫‪webmail‬‬ ‫‪email bankruptcy‬‬ ‫‪email fatigue‬‬ ‫‪email message‬‬ ‫‪sender‬‬ ‫‪recipient‬‬ ‫‪email digest‬‬

‫ﺑَﺮْ ﻧﺎ َﻣﺞ ﻋَﻤﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺒَﺮﻳﺪ َﻋﺒ َْﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬ ‫ﺑَﺮﻳﺪ ﺇﻟِ ْﻜ ْﺘﺮﻭﻧ ّﻲ َﻋﺒ َْﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬ ‫ﺇ ْﻓﻼﺱ ﺍﻟﺒَﺮﻳﺪ ﺍﻹﻟِ ْﻜ ْﺘﺮﻭﻧ ّﻲ‬ ‫ﺗَ َﻌﺐ ﺍﻟﺒَﺮﻳﺪ ﺍﻹﻟِ ْﻜ ْﺘﺮﻭﻧ ّﻲ‬ ‫ِﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺇﻟِ ْﻜ ْﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴّﺔ‪َ ،‬ﺭﺳﺎﺋِﻞ‬ ‫ﺇﻟِ ْﻜ ْﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴّﺔ‬ ‫ُﻣﺮْ ِﺳﻞ‪ - ،‬ﻭﻥ‬ ‫ُﻣﺮْ َﺳﻞ ﺇﻟَﻴْﻪ‪ُ ،‬ﻣﺮْ َﺳﻞ ﺇﻟَ ْﻴ ِﻬﻢ‬ ‫ُﻣﺤْ ﺘَﻮﻯ ُﻣﻠَ ﱠﺨﺺ َﻋﺒ َْﺮ ﺍﻟﺒَﺮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻟِ ْﻜ ْﺘﺮﻭﻧ ّﻲ‬

‫‪email privacy‬‬

‫ُﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴّﺔ ﺍﻟﺒَﺮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻟِ ْﻜ ْﺘﺮﻭﻧ ّﻲ‬

‫‪email tracking‬‬

‫ﺗَﺘَﺒﱡﻊ ﺍﻟﺒَﺮﻳﺪ ﺍﻹﻟِ ْﻜ ْﺘﺮﻭﻧ ّﻲ‬

‫‪email encryption‬‬

‫ﺗَ ْﺸﻔﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﺒَﺮﻳﺪ ﺍﻹﻟِ ْﻜ ْﺘﺮﻭﻧ ّﻲ‬

‫‪WRITTEN ONLINE COMMUNICATION  67‬‬

‫‪email server‬‬ ‫‪email jamming‬‬

‫ﺧﺎ ِﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﺒَﺮﻳﺪ ﺍﻹﻟِ ْﻜ ْﺘﺮﻭﻧ ّﻲ‬ ‫ﺗَ ْﺸﻮﻳﺶ َﻋ ْﺒ َﺮ ﺍﻟﺒَﺮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻟِ ْﻜ ْﺘﺮﻭﻧ ّﻲ‬

‫‪email authentication‬‬

‫ﺇ ْﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒَﺮﻳﺪ ﺍﻹﻟِ ْﻜ ْﺘﺮﻭﻧ ّﻲ‬

‫‪chain email‬‬

‫ِﺳ ْﻠ ِﺴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺒَﺮﻳﺪ ﺍﻹﻟِ ْﻜ ْﺘﺮﻭﻧ ّﻲ‬

‫‪email bombing‬‬

‫ﺗ َْﻠﻐﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺒَﺮﻳﺪ ﺍﻹﻟِ ْﻜ ْﺘﺮﻭﻧ ّﻲ‬

‫‪email bomb‬‬

‫ﻗُ ْﻨﺒُﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺒَﺮﻳﺪ ﺍﻹﻟِ ْﻜ ْﺘﺮﻭﻧ ّﻲ‬

‫‪email storm‬‬

‫ﺻﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﺒَﺮﻳﺪ ﺍﻹﻟِ ْﻜ ْﺘﺮﻭﻧ ّﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺎ ِ‬

‫‪phishing emails‬‬

‫َﺼﻴﱡﺪ‬ ‫َﺭﺳﺎﺋِﻞ ﺍﻟﺘ َ‬

‫‪admail (advertising‬‬ ‫)‪mail‬‬

‫َﺭﺳﺎﺋِﻞ ﺇﻟِ ْﻜ ْﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴّﺔ ﺇ ْﻋﻼﻧﻴّﺔ‬

‫‪spam email/junk‬‬ ‫‪email/‬‬ ‫‪unsolicited bulk‬‬ ‫)‪email (UBE‬‬

‫ﺳُﺨﺎﻡ‬

‫"‬

‫ﺑَﺮﻳﺪ ُﻣ ْﺰ ِﻋﺞ‬

‫"‬

‫ﺑَﺮﻳﺪ ُﻣﺘَ َ‬ ‫ﻄﻔﱢﻞ‬

‫"‬

‫ﺑَﺮﻳﺪ َﻋ ْﺸﻮﺍﺋ ّﻲ‬

‫"‬

‫ﺳْﺒﺎﻡ )‪(coll.‬‬

‫‪email spoofing‬‬

‫ِﺧﺪﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺒَﺮﻳﺪ ﺍﻹﻟِ ْﻜ ْﺘﺮﻭﻧ ّﻲ‬

‫‪68  WRITTEN ONLINE COMMUNICATION‬‬

‫‪mailing list‬‬ ‫‪mass mailing‬‬

‫ﻗﺎﺋِﻤﺔ ﺑَﺮﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻗَﻮﺍﺋِﻢ ﺑَﺮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺗَﻌْﻤﻴﻢ ﻟِ ْﻠﺒَﺮﻳﺪ‬

‫‪inbox‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺻ ْﻨﺪﻭﻕ ﺍﻟﺒَﺮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬

‫‪outbox‬‬

‫ﺻ ْﻨﺪﻭﻕ ﺍﻟﺒَﺮﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺼﺎ ِﺩﺭ‬ ‫ُ‬

‫‪sent mail‬‬

‫ﺑَﺮﻳﺪ ُﻣﺮْ َﺳﻞ‬

‫‪bin/trash‬‬

‫ُﻣ ْﻬ َﻤﻼﺕ‬

‫‪draft‬‬ ‫‪read messages‬‬ ‫‪unread messages‬‬ ‫‪incoming messages‬‬

‫ُﻣ ْﺴ َﻮ ّﺩﺓ‪- ،‬ﺍﺕ‬ ‫َﺭﺳﺎﺋِﻞ َﻣ ْﻘﺮﻭءﺓ‬ ‫َﺭﺳﺎﺋِﻞ َﻏﻴْﺮ َﻣ ْﻘﺮﻭءﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺭﺩﺓ‬ ‫َﺭﺳﺎﺋِﻞ‬ ‫ِ‬

‫‪starred messages‬‬

‫َﺭﺳﺎﺋِﻞ ُﻣ َﻤﻴﱠﺰﺓ ﺑِﻨَﺠْ ﻤﺔ‬

‫‪forwarded message‬‬

‫ِﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ ُﻣﻌﺎﺩ ﺗَﻮْ ﺟﻴ ِﻬﻬﺎ‬

‫‪delivery status‬‬ ‫‪notifications‬‬ ‫"‬ ‫‪compose a message‬‬

‫ﺗَ ْﻨﺒﻴﻬﺎﺕ ﺇﺑْﻼﻍ ﺑِﺎﻟﺘَﺴْﻠﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺇ ْﺷﻌﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺇﺑْﻼﻍ ﺑِﺎﻟﺘَﺴْﻠﻴﻢ‬ ‫َﻛ ﱢﻮﻥ ِﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ‬

‫"‬

‫ﺇ ْﻧﺸﺎء ِﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ‬

‫"‬

‫ﺗَﺤْ ﺮﻳﺮ ِﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ‬

WRITTEN ONLINE COMMUNICATION  69

ْ / @ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺮْ ﻑ ﺍﻟ ِﻄﺒﺎﻋ ّﻲ‬ ‫ﺁﺕ‬ َ

@ sign/atmark/at symbol

‫ﻧُﺴْﺨﺔ ﻛَﺮْ ﺑﻮﻧﻴّﺔ‬

carbon copy (cc)

‫ﻧُﺴْﺨﺔ ﻛَﺮْ ﺑﻮﻧﻴّﺔ َﻣ ْﺨﻔِﻴّﺔ‬

blind carbon copy (bcc)

‫ﻧُﺴْﺨﺔ ﻛَﺮْ ﺑﻮﻧﻴّﺔ ُﻣ َﻌ ّﻤﺎﺓ‬

"

‫ﺻ ّﻤﺎء‬ َ ‫ﻧُﺴْﺨﺔ ﻛَﺮْ ﺑﻮﻧﻴّﺔ‬

"

‫ﺍﻟ َﻤﻮْ ﺿﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺗَ ْﻤﺮﻳﺮ‬ ‫َﺭ ّﺩ‬ ‫َﺭ ّﺩ ﻋَﻠﻰ ﺍﻟ َﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺇﺭْ ﺳﺎﻝ‬ ‫ِﺣ ْﻔﻆ َﻛ ُﻤ ْﺴ َﻮ ّﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺗَﺄْﻛﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺇﺭْ ﻓﺎﻕ‬

subject forward reply reply to all send save as a draft confirm attach

ّ َ‫ِﻣﻠ‬ ‫ﺍﺕ ُﻣﺮْ ﻓَﻘﺔ‬- ،‫ﻒ ُﻣﺮْ ﻓَﻖ‬

attachment (file)

‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺗَﻮْ ﻗﻴﻌﻲ‬

add my signature

‫ﻋﺎﻳَﻦ‬

to check (email)

70  WRITTEN ONLINE COMMUNICATION

‫ﺍِﺭْ ﺗَ ّﺪ‬ ‫ِﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺍِﺭْ ﺗِﺪﺍﺩ‬

to bounce (email) bounce message

‫ﺗَ ْﻘﺮﻳﺮ َﻋﺪَﻡ ﺍﻟﺘَﺴْﻠﻴﻢ‬

non-delivery report/ receipt (NDR)

‫ﻣﻴﺜﺎﻕ َﻣ ْﻜﺘَﺐ ﺍﻟﺒَﺮﻳﺪ‬

post office protocol (POP)

7.3 Instant messaging (IM)

‫ُﻣﺮﺍ َﺳﻠﺔ ﻓَﻮْ ﺭﻳّﺔ‬

instant messaging (IM)

ّ ‫ﺍِﺗّﺼﺎﻝ ﻓَﻮْ ﺭ‬ ‫ﻱ‬

"

‫ﺒﺎﺷﺮ‬ ِ ‫ِﺣﻮﺍﺭ ُﻣ‬

"

‫ َﺩﺭْ ﺩَﺵ‬/ ‫َﺧﺎﻁَﺐ‬

to chat

‫َﺩﺭْ ﺩَﺷﺔ ﺇ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬

chat

‫ﻧِﻘﺎﺵ َﺣ ّﻲ‬

"

‫ﺷﺎﺕ‬

"

‫ﻋﺎ ﱢﻣﻴّﺔ ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬ ‫ﻟُﻐﺔ ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬ ‫ﺃَ ْﺧﻼﻗِﻴﺎﺕ َﺩﺭْ ﺩَﺷﺔ ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬

chatspeak " chatiquette (chat etiquette)

‫‪WRITTEN ONLINE COMMUNICATION  71‬‬

‫‪chat abbreviations‬‬ ‫‪to shout (using‬‬ ‫)‪capitals‬‬ ‫‪emoticons‬‬

‫َﺼﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟ ُﻤﺤﺎﺩَﺛﺔ‬ ‫ُﻣ ْﺨﺘ َ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﺎﺡ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺡ ﻳَﺼﻴﺢ ِ‬ ‫ﺗَﻌْﺒﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺍِ ْﻧﻔِﻌﺎﻟﻴّﺔ‬

‫"‬

‫ﺭُﻣﻮﺯ ﺍﻟ َﻤﺸﺎ ِﻋﺮ‬

‫"‬

‫ﺃَﻳْﻘﻮﻧﺎﺕ َﻭﺭُﺳﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺗَﻌْﺒﻴﺮﻳّﺔ‬

‫‪sadness and crying‬‬ ‫‪expresssions‬‬ ‫‪smiling and laughing‬‬ ‫‪expresssions‬‬

‫ﺗَﻌْﺒﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺤ ُْﺰﻥ َﻭﺍﻟﺒُﻜﺎء‬ ‫ﺗَﻌْﺒﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺍ ِﻻ ْﺑﺘِﺴﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀ ِﺤﻚ‬ ‫َﻭ َ‬

‫‪sexting‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺠ ْﻨﺴﻴّﺔ‬ ‫ﺗَﺒﺎﺩُﻝ ﺍﻟﺼ َُﻮﺭ ِ‬ ‫ﺿﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎ ِ‬

‫‪chatroom‬‬

‫ُﻏﺮْ ﻓﺔ َﺩﺭْ ﺩَﺷﺔ‪ُ ،‬ﻏ َﺮﻑ‬ ‫َﺩﺭْ ﺩَﺷﺔ‬

‫‪separate chatroom‬‬

‫ﺼﻠﺔ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺻ ْﻔﺤﺔ َﺩﺭْ ﺩَﺷﺔ ُﻣ ْﻨﻔَ ِ‬

‫‪private chatroom‬‬

‫ﺻ ْﻔﺤﺔ َﺩﺭْ ﺩَﺷﺔ ﺧﺎﺻّﺔ‬ ‫َ‬

‫‪shoutbox/‬‬ ‫‪chatterbox‬‬

‫ﺻ ْﻨﺪﻭﻕ َﺩﺭْ ﺩَﺷﺔ‬ ‫ُ‬

‫‪real-time chat‬‬

‫ﺍﻟ ِﺤﻮﺍﺭ ﺍﻟ ُﻤﺒﺎ ِﺷﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟ َﻮ ْﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔِﻌْﻠ ّﻲ‬

‫‪buddy list‬‬

‫ﻗﺎﺋِﻤﺔ ﺍﻷَﺻْ ِﺪﻗﺎء‬

‫‪72  WRITTEN ONLINE COMMUNICATION‬‬

‫‪penpal/keypal‬‬

‫ﺻﺪﻳﻖ َﺩﺭْ ﺩَﺷﺔ‬ ‫َ‬

‫‪available online‬‬ ‫)‪(buddies‬‬

‫َﻮﺍﺟﺪﻭﻥ ﺣﺎﻟﻴّﺎً‬ ‫ﺍﻟ ُﻤﺘ ِ‬

‫)‪offline (buddies‬‬

‫َﻮﺍﺟﺪﻳﻦ‬ ‫َﻏﻴْﺮ ﺍﻟ ُﻤﺘ ِ‬

‫‪message history‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﺋِﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ َ‬

‫‪offline message‬‬

‫ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﻟ َﺸﺒَﻜﺔ‬ ‫ِﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ ِ‬

‫‪sound notification‬‬ ‫‪(for new‬‬ ‫)‪messages‬‬

‫ﻠﺮﺳﺎﺋِﻞ‬ ‫ﺻﻮْ ﺗ ّﻲ )ﻟِ َ‬ ‫ﺗَ ْﻨﺒﻴﻪ َ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪﺓ(‬ ‫َ‬

‫‪to skype‬‬

‫ﺼﻞ ﺍِﺗّﺼﺎﻝ َﻋ ْﺒ َﺮ‬ ‫ﺍِﺗّﺼﻞ ﻳﺘّ ِ‬ ‫ﺳْﻜﺎﻳْﺐ‬

‫‪IM software‬‬

‫ﺑَﺮْ ﻧﺎ َﻣﺞ ﺍﻟ ُﻤﺮﺍ َﺳﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻔَﻮْ ﺭﻳّﺔ‬

‫‪chatware‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺤﻮﺍﺭ ﺍﻟ ُﻤﺒﺎ ِﺷﺮ‬ ‫ﺑَﺮْ َﻣﺠﻴّﺎﺕ ِ‬

‫‪web-based IM‬‬ ‫‪desktop IM‬‬ ‫‪to nudge‬‬

‫ُﻣﺮﺍ َﺳﻠﺔ ﻓَﻮْ ﺭﻳّﺔ َﻋﺒ َْﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ِﻧﺖ‬ ‫ُﻣﺮﺍ َﺳﻠﺔ ﻓَﻮْ ﺭﻳّﺔ َﻋﺒ َْﺮ ﺣﺎﺳﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ َﻤ ْﻜﺘَﺐ‬ ‫ﺩﻓﻊ ﻳﺪﻓَﻊ َﺩ ْﻓﻊ ﺑِ ِﺮ ْﻓﻖ‬

‫‪to wink‬‬

‫ﻏﻤﺰ ﻳﻐ ِﻤﺰ َﻏ ْﻤﺰ‬

‫‪to poke‬‬

‫ﻧﻜﺰ ﻳﻨ ِﻜﺰ ﻧَ ْﻜﺰ‬

WRITTEN ONLINE COMMUNICATION  73 7.4 Blogging

‫ﺍﺕ‬- ،‫ُﻣ َﺪﻭﱠﻧﺔ‬

blog (weblog)

‫ﻳَﻮْ ﻣﻴّﺔ ﺇﻟِ ْﻜ ْﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴّﺔ‬

online journal

‫َﺩﻭﱠﻥ‬

to blog

‫ ﻭﻥ‬- ،‫ُﻣﺪ ﱢَﻭﻥ‬

blogger

‫ﺗَ ْﺪﻭﻳﻦ‬

blogging

‫ﺍﺕ‬- ،‫ﺗَ ْﺪﻭﻳﻨﺔ‬

blog post

‫ﻻﺋِﺤﺔ ﺍﻟ ُﻤ َﺪﻭﱠﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟ ُﻤﻔَﻀﱠﻠﺔ‬

blogroll

‫ﺑَﺮْ ﻧﺎ َﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﺘَ ْﺪﻭﻳﻦ‬

blogware (blogging software)

‫ﻓَﻀﺎء ﺍﻟ ُﻤ َﺪﻭﱠﻧﺎﺕ‬

blogosphere

‫ﺃَﺭْ ﺷﻴﻒ ﺍﻟ ُﻤ َﺪﻭﱠﻧﺔ‬

blog archive

‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟ ُﻤ َﺪﻭﱠﻧﺎﺕ‬

blog management

‫ﺍﺕ‬- ،‫ﺻﻐﻴﺮﺓ‬ َ ‫ُﻣ َﺪﻭﱠﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﺻﻐﻴﺮﺓ‬ َ ‫ﺍﺕ‬- ،‫ﺼ ﱠﻐﺮﺓ‬ َ ‫ُﻣ َﺪﻭﱠﻧﺔ ُﻣ‬ ‫ﺻ ْﻐﺮﻯ‬ ُ

micro-blog

"

‫ﺼ ﱠﻐﺮ‬ َ ‫ﺗَ ْﺪﻭﻳﻦ ُﻣ‬

micro-blogging

‫ﺍﺕ‬- ،‫ﺼ ﱠﻐﺮﺓ‬ َ ‫ﺗَ ْﺪﻭﻳﻨﺔ ُﻣ‬ ‫ﺼ ﱠﻐﺮﺓ‬ َ ‫ُﻣ‬

micro-blog post

74  WRITTEN ONLINE COMMUNICATION

‫ُﻣ َﺪﻭﱠﻧﺔ ﻓﻴ ْﺪﻳﻮ‬

vlog (video blog)

‫ﺗَ ْﺪﻭﻳﻦ َﻣﺮْ ﺋ ّﻲ‬

vlogging (video blogging)

‫ﺗَ ْﺪﻭﻳﻦ ﻓﻴ ْﺪﻳﻮ‬

"

‫ﺻﻮْ ﺗﻴّﺔ‬ َ ‫ُﻣ َﺪﻭﱠﻧﺔ‬

podcast (audioblog)

‫ُﻣ َﺪﻭﱠﻧﺔ ﺻ َُﻮﺭﻳّﺔ‬

phlog (photoblog)

‫ُﻣ َﺪﻭﱠﻧﺔ َﺭﻭﺍﺑِﻂ‬

linklog (link blog)

‫ُﻣ َﺪﻭﱠﻧﺔ ﺯﺍﺋِﻔﺔ‬

flog (fake blog)

‫ُﻣ َﺪﻭﱠﻧﺔ ﺗَﻌْﻠﻴﻤﻴّﺔ‬

edublog (educational blog)

‫ُﻣ َﺪﻭﱠﻧﺔ َﻣﺠْ ﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺻ َﺤﻔﻴّﺔ‬ َ ‫ُﻣ َﺪﻭﱠﻧﺔ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺪﻭﱠﻧﺔ ُﺷﺆﻭﻥ َﺣﺮْ ﺑﻴّﺔ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺪﻭﱠﻧﺔ ﺟﺎﻧِﺒﻴّﺔ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺤﺮﱢﻙ ﺑَﺤْ ﺚ ﺍﻟ ُﻤ َﺪﻭﱠﻧﺎﺕ‬

group blog journalist blog warblog, milblog sideblog blog search engine

‫ﻀﻴﻮﻑ‬ ُ ‫ﺗَ ْﺪﻭﻳﻦ ﺍﻟ‬

guest blogging

‫ﻀ ْﻴﻒ‬ َ ‫ﺗَ ْﺪﻭﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟ‬

guest blog post

‫ﺿﻴﻮﻑ‬ ُ ،‫ﺿ ْﻴﻒ ُﻣﺪ ﱢَﻭﻥ‬ َ ‫ُﻣﺪ ﱢَﻭﻧﻮﻥ‬

guest blogger

WRITTEN ONLINE COMMUNICATION  75

‫ﺻﻠﺔ‬ ِ ‫َﻣﻮﺍﺿﻴﻊ ﺫﺍﺕ‬

related topics

‫ﺗَ ْﺪﻭﻳﻨﺎﺕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﻋَﻼﻗﺔ‬

related posts

‫ﺗَ ْﺪﻭﻳﻨﺔ َﻋ ْﺸﻮﺍﺋﻴّﺔ‬

random post

‫ﺍﺕ‬- ،‫ﺗَﻌْﻠﻴﻖ‬

comment

‫َﻋﺪَﺩ ﺍﻟﺘَﻌْﻠﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬

number of comments

‫ﺎﺭﻙ ﺑِ َﺮ ْﺃﻳِﻚ‬ ِ ‫ﺷ‬

leave a comment

ً‫ﺿﻒ ﺗَﻌْﻠﻴﻘﺎ‬ ِ َ‫ﺃ‬

"

(‫ُﻣﻌﺎ َﻳﻨﺔ )ﺍﻟﺘَﻌْﻠﻴﻖ‬

preview (comment)

‫َﻋﺮْ ﺽ ُﻛ ّﻞ ﺍﻟﺘَﻌْﻠﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬

show all comments

‫ﺗَﻮْ ﺳﻴﻊ ُﻛﻞّ ﺍﻟﺘَﻌْﻠﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬

expand all comments

‫ﻗَﻴﱢﻢ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟ َﻤﻮْ ﺿﻮﻉ‬

rate this post

‫ ﻭﻥ‬- ،‫ﺸﺎﺭﻙ‬ ِ ‫ُﻣ‬

subscriber (blog)

‫ ﻭﻥ‬- ،‫ُﻣﺘﺎﺑِﻊ‬

follower (blog)

‫ﺇ ْﻧﺸﺎء ُﻣ َﺪﻭﱠﻧﺔ‬

set up a blog

‫ ﻗَﻮﺍﻟِﺐ‬،‫ﻗﺎﻟَﺐ ﺍﻟ ُﻤ َﺪﻭﱠﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ ُﻤ َﺪﻭﱠﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺗَﺼْ ﻤﻴﻢ ﺍﻟ ُﻤ َﺪﻭﱠﻧﺔ‬

blog template blog design

76  WRITTEN ONLINE COMMUNICATION

‫ﺗَ ْﻨﺴﻴﻖ ﺍﻟ ُﻤﺪَﻭﱠﻧﺔ‬ RSS ‫ُﻣ َﺠ ﱢﻤﻊ ُﺧﻼﺻﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﺑِﻂ‬ َ ‫َﻣﺮْ ِﺟﻊ‬ ‫َﺭﻭﺍﺑِﻂ ﺩﺍﺋِﻤﺔ‬

blog layout RSS aggregator (blog) trackback/pingback (links) permalinks (permanent links)

7.5 Text processing & file management

‫َﺣﺮﱠﺭ‬

to edit (text)

‫َﻋ ﱠﺪﻝ‬

"

‫ ﺗَﻌْﺪﻳﻞ‬/ ‫ﺗَﺤْ ﺮﻳﺮ‬

edit

‫ُﻣ َﺤﺮﱢ ﺭ ﻧُﺼﻮﺹ‬

text editor

‫ُﻣ َﺤﺮﱢ ﺭ ﻧُﺼﻮﺹ َﻣﺮْ ﺋ ّﻲ‬

visual text editor

‫ِﺟﻬﺎﺯ ُﻣﻌﺎﻟَﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﻨُﺼﻮﺹ‬

word processing software

‫ُﻣ َﺤﺮﱢ ﺭ ﻭﻳﺰﻱ ﻭﻳﻎ )ﻣﺎ ﺗَﺮﺍﻩ‬ (‫ﻫُﻮ ﻣﺎ ﺗَﺤْ ﺼُﻞ َﻋﻠَﻴْﻪ‬

WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get) editor

‫ﻀ ﱠﻤﻦ‬ َ ‫ ُﻣ‬/ ‫ُﻣ ْﺪ َﻣﺞ‬

inline (e.g. editing)

WRITTEN ONLINE COMMUNICATION  77

‫ﺍﺕ‬- ،‫ُﻣ َﺠﻠﱠﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﺕ ﻓَﺮْ ﻋﻴّﺔ‬- ،‫ُﻣ َﺠﻠﱠﺪ ﻓَﺮْ ﻋ ّﻲ‬

folder subfolder

ّ َ‫َﺣﺠْ ﻢ ﺍﻟ ِﻤﻠ‬ ‫ﻒ‬

file size

ّ َ‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﻟ ِﻤﻠ‬ ‫ﻒ‬

file type

ّ َ‫ِﻣﻠ‬ ‫ﻒ َﻣﻀْ ﻐﻮﻁ‬

zipped file

‫ َﻭﺛﺎﺋِﻖ‬،‫َﻭﺛﻴﻘﺔ‬

document

‫َﻭﺛﻴﻘﺔ ﻭﻭﺭْ ﺩ‬ ‫ﺪﺍﻭﻝ ُﻣ ْﻤﺘَ ّﺪﺓ‬ ِ ‫ َﺟ‬،‫َﺟ ْﺪ َﻭﻝ ُﻣ ْﻤﺘَ ّﺪ‬ ‫ﻋُﺮﻭﺽ ﺗَ ْﻘﺪﻳﻤﻴّﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺎ ِﻋﺪﺓ ﺑَﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬

Word document spreadsheet presentations database

‫ﺃَﺻْ ﺪَﺭ‬

to export (e.g. file)

‫ﺃَﻭْ َﺭﺩ‬

to import (e.g. file)

‫ﻧﻘﻞ ﻳﻨﻘُﻞ ﻧَ ْﻘﻞ‬

to move (e.g. text)

‫ﺿ ْﻐﻂ‬ َ ‫ﺿﻐﻂ ﻳﻀﻐَﻂ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺮﺽ َﻋﺮْ ﺽ‬ ِ ‫ﻋﺮﺽ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺢ ﻳﻔﺘَﺢ ﻓَ ْﺘﺢ‬ ْ َ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻁﻠَﻖ‬

to press (key) to display to open (e.g. document) to launch (e.g. programme)

78  WRITTEN ONLINE COMMUNICATION

‫ﺃَ ْﻏﻠَﻖ‬

to close

‫ﺃَ ْﻧﻬﻰ‬

to exit

ً‫ ﺍِ ْﺳﺘَ ْﺒﺪَﻝ ﺍِﺳْﻤﺎ‬/ ‫َﻏﻴﱠﺮ‬ ‫ َﻋ ﱠﺪﻝ‬/ ‫ﺻ ﱠﻮﺏ‬ َ

to rename to correct (editorial)

‫َﻋ ﱠﺪﻝ‬

to change, modify

‫ﻖ‬ َ ‫ﻧَ ﱠﺴ‬

to format

‫ﺗَ ْﻔﺨﻴﻢ‬

bold

‫َﻣﻴَﻼﻥ‬

italics

‫ﺗَﺴْﻄﻴﺮ‬ ‫ ﺍﻟﻴَﻤﻴﻦ‬/ ‫ُﻣﺤﺎﺫﺍﺓ ﻋَﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻴَﺴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺗَﻮْ ﺳﻴﻂ‬ ّ‫ﺗَ ْﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺍِﺗﱢﺠﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻨَﺺ‬

underline align left/right align centre align text

‫ﺗِﻌْﺪﺍﺩ َﺭ ْﻗﻤ ّﻲ‬

numbered list

‫ﺗِﻌْﺪﺍﺩ ﻧُﻘَﻄ ّﻲ‬

bulleted list

‫ﺍﺕ‬- ،‫ُﻣ ْﺴ َﻮ ّﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺃَ ْﺩ َﺭﺝ‬ ‫ ﺗَﺤْ ﺮﻳﺮ ﺭﺍﺑِﻂ‬/ ‫ﺇ ْﺩﺭﺍﺝ‬ ‫ﺇ ْﺩﺭﺍﺝ َﺭ ْﻣﺰ‬

draft to insert insert/edit link insert symbol

WRITTEN ONLINE COMMUNICATION  79

‫ﺻ َﻮﺭ‬ ُ ‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ّ‫ﻟَﻮْ ﻥ ﺍﻟﻨَﺺ‬ ّ‫ﺍِﺗﱢﺠﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻨَﺺ‬ ‫ ﺍِ ْﺳﺘِ ْﺸﻬﺎﺩ‬/ ‫ﺍِ ْﻗﺘِﺒﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺗَﺼْ ﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻹ ْﻣﻼء‬ ‫ َﺣ ﱠﺪﺩ‬/ ‫َﺣﻮﱠﻝ‬

insert image text colour text direction quote check spelling to convert

‫ﺿﻠﱠﻞ‬ َ

to select

ْ ‫ﺗ‬ ّ‫َﻈﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟ ُﻜﻞ‬

select all

‫ﻧﺴﺦ ﻳﻨ َﺴﺦ ﻧَﺴْﺦ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﺼﻖ ﻟَﺼْ ﻖ‬ ِ ‫ﻟﺼﻖ‬ ّ‫ﻗَﺺّ ﻳﻘُﺺّ ﻗَﺺ‬

to copy (e.g. text) to paste to cut

‫ﺗَﺮﺍ َﺟﻊ‬

to undo

‫ﺃﻋﺎﺩ‬

to redo

‫ﺣﺬﻑ ﻳﺤ ِﺬﻑ َﺣ ْﺬﻑ‬ ‫ﺑَﺤْ ﺚ ﻭﺍِ ْﺳﺘِﺒْﺪﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﻧَﺺّ ﺗِ ْﻠﻘﺎﺋ ّﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼ ْﻔﺤﺔ‬ َ ‫َﺭ ْﺃﺱ‬

to delete find and replace auto text header

80  WRITTEN ONLINE COMMUNICATION

‫ﺍﻟﺼ ْﻔﺤﺔ‬ َ ‫ﺗ َْﺬﻳﻴﻞ‬

footer

‫ﺵ‬ ٍ ‫ ﺣﻮﺍ‬،‫ﺣﺎ ِﺷﻴﺔ‬

footnote

‫ ﻫَﻮﺍ ِﻣﺶ‬،‫ﻫﺎ ِﻣﺶ‬ ّ‫ُﻣ َﺮﺑﱠﻊ ﻧَﺺ‬ ‫ ُﺧﻄﻮﻁ‬،ّ‫ﺧَﻂ‬

" text box font

ّ‫ﺗَ ْﺪﻗﻴﻖ ﺇ ْﻣﻼﺋ ّﻲ َﻭﻧَﺤْ ﻮﻱ‬

spelling and grammar

ْ ‫ﺣُﺪﻭﺩ َﻭﺗ‬ ‫َﻈﻠﻴﻞ‬

borders and shading

‫ﺧَ ْﻠﻔﻴّﺔ‬

background

‫ﻟَﻮْ ﻥ ﺍﻟﺨَ ْﻠﻔﻴّﺔ‬

background colour

‫ﺧَ ْﻠﻔﻴّﺔ ﺻ َُﻮﺭﻳّﺔ‬

background image

‫ﺪﺍﻭﻝ‬ ِ ‫ َﺟ‬،‫َﺟ ْﺪ َﻭﻝ‬

table

‫ ﺃَ ْﻋ ِﻤﺪﺓ‬،‫ﻋَﻤﻮﺩ‬

column (table)

ّ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ ﺻُﻔﻮﻑ‬،‫ﻒ‬ َ

row (table)

‫ ﺧَﻼﻳﺎ‬،‫َﺧﻠﻴّﺔ‬

cell (table)

‫ﺍﺕ‬- ،‫ﺣﺎﻓِﻈﺔ‬

clipboard

ّ َ‫ِﻣﻠ‬ ‫ﻒ ﻗﺎﺑِﻞ ﻟِﻠﺘَ ْﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬ ّ َ‫ِﻣﻠ‬ ‫ﻒ ﻓَﻌّﺎﻝ‬ ّ َ‫ِﻣﻠ‬ ‫ﻒ ﻗﺎﺑِﻞ ﻟِﻠﺘَ ْﻨﺰﻳﻞ‬

executable file active file downloadable file

8. AUDIO-VISUAL INTERNET 8.1 Visual internet

ّ ‫ﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﻱ‬ َ َ‫ ﺑ‬/ ‫َﻣﺮْ ﺋ ّﻲ‬ ‫ﺻ َﻮﺭ َﺭ ْﻗﻤﻴّﺔ‬ ُ ،‫ﺻﻮﺭﺓ َﺭ ْﻗﻤﻴّﺔ‬ ‫ﻟَ ْﻘﻄﺔ ﺷﺎﺷﺔ‬

‫ُﻣ َﺪﻭﱠﻧﺔ ﺻ َُﻮﺭﻳّﺔ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺪﻭﱠﻧﺔ ﻓﻮﺗﻮ ْﻏﺮﺍﻓﻴّﺔ‬ ّ‫ﺗَ ْﺪﻭﻳﻦ ﺻ َُﻮﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺗَ ْﺪﻭﻳﻦ ﻓﻮﺗﻮ ْﻏﺮﺍﻓ ّﻲ‬

visual digital image screenshot/ screen capture/ screen grab photocast " photocasting "

‫َﻋﺮْ ﺽ ﺷَﺮﺍﺋِﺢ‬

slideshow

‫َﺟﻮْ ﻟﺔ ﺍِ ْﻓﺘِﺮﺍﺿﻴّﺔ‬

virtual tour

‫َﻋﺮْ ﺽ ﺑﺎﻧﻮﺭﺍﻣ ّﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘِﻴﺎﻡ ﺑِ َﺠﻮْ ﻟﺔ‬ ‫ْﺮﺽ ﺻ َُﻮﺭ ﻋَﻠﻰ‬ ِ ‫َﻣﻌ‬ ‫ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬ ‫ﺃَ ْﻟﺒﻮﻡ ﺻ َُﻮﺭ ﻋَﻠﻰ ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬

panoramic view take a tour online photo gallery web photo album

82  AUDIO-VISUAL INTERNET

‫َﺧﺼﺎﺋِﺺ ﺍﻷَ ْﻟﺒﻮﻡ‬

album properties

‫ِﻏﻼﻑ ﺍﻷَ ْﻟﺒﻮﻡ‬

album cover

‫ﻛﻮﻻﺝ ﺻ َُﻮﺭ‬

photo collage

‫ﻗَﺼّ ﺎﺻﺔ ﻓَﻨّﻴّﺔ‬

clip art

‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﻁﺔ ﺍﻟ ِﺬ ْﻫﻨﻴّﺔ‬ ِ ‫ﺍﻹﻟِ ْﻜ ْﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴّﺔ‬

e-Mindmap

‫ﺑَﺮﺍ ِﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﺘ َْﺨﻄﻴﻂ ﺍﻟ ِﺬ ْﻫﻨ ّﻲ‬

mind mapping software

‫ﺭُﺳﻮﻡ ﺑَﻴﺎﻧﻴّﺔ ﻟِ ْﻠ َﻤﻌْﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬

infographics (information graphics)

‫ُﻣﺸﺎ َﺭﻛﺔ ﺻ َُﻮﺭ‬

photo sharing

‫ﺼ َﻮﺭ‬ ُ ‫ُﻣﻌﺎﻟَﺠﺔ َﺭ ْﻗﻤﻴّﺔ ﻟِﻠ‬

digital image editing

‫ﺗَﻼﻋُﺐ ﺑﺎﻟﺼ َُﻮﺭ‬

‫ﺗ ْﻘﻠﻴﺺ‬ ‫ﺗَ ْﻐﻴﻴﺮ َﺣﺠْ ﻢ‬ ‫ﺗَ ْﻜﺒﻴﺮ‬

photoshopping (photo manipulation) cropping resize zoom out/ maximise

AUDIO-VISUAL INTERNET  83

‫ﺗَﺼْ ﻐﻴﺮ‬

zoom in/minimise

‫َﻘﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ‬ ِ ‫ﺗَ ْﻘﻠﻴﺐ ﺑِﺎﺗﱢﺠﺎﻩ ﻋ‬

rotate clockwise

‫َﻘﺎﺭﺏ‬ ِ ‫ﺗَ ْﻘﻠﻴﺐ ﺑِﺎﺗﱢﺠﺎﻩ َﻋ ْﻜﺲ ﻋ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ‬

rotate anticlockwise

‫ﺗَﻌْﻠﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬

image caption

‫َﺣﺠْ ﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬

image size

‫ﺭﺍﺑِﻂ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬

image link

‫ﺭﺍﺑِﻂ ﺍﻟﺘَ ْﻨﺰﻳﻞ‬

download link

‫ِﺣ ْﻔﻆ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺑِﺎﺳْﻢ‬

save image as

‫ﻧَﺴْﺦ َﻣﻮْ ﻗِﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬

copy image location

‫ِﺧ ْﺪﻣﺔ َﻋﺮْ ﺽ ﺧَ ﺮﺍﺋِﻂ َﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ِﻧﺖ‬

web mapping service

،‫ﺧَ ﺮﻳﻄﺔ َﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬ ‫ﺧَ ﺮﺍﺋِﻂ َﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬

online map

‫ﻴﺎﺳﻲ‬ ّ ِ‫ﻗ‬

standard (map)

‫ﺻﻨﺎﻋ ّﻲ‬ ِ ‫ﻗَ َﻤﺮ‬

satellite (map)

‫ُﻣ ْﺨﺘَﻠِﻂ‬

hybrid (map)

‫ﺃَﺭْ ﺽ‬

terrain (map)

84  AUDIO-VISUAL INTERNET

‫َﻭﺿْ ﻊ َﺩﺑّﻮﺱ‬ ‫ﺿﻊ‬ ِ ْ‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ َﻣﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﱢﺠﺎﻩ‬ ِ ‫ﺗَﻌْﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺗَﺤْ ﺪﻳﺪ َﻣﻮْ ﻗِﻊ‬

drop pin add a placemark get directions locate (map)

8.2 Audio internet

‫ﺻﻮْ ﺗ ّﻲ‬ َ ‫ﺍِﺗﱢﺼﺎﻝ‬

audio communication

‫ﺍِﺗﱢﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻫﺎﺗِﻔﻴّﺔ ﻋَﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬

voice over internet

‫ﺍِﺗﱢﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻫﺎﺗِﻔﻴّﺔ َﻋﺒ َْﺮ ﻣﻴﺜﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬

voice over internet protocol (VoIP)

‫ﺻﻮْ ﺗ ّﻲ‬ َ ‫ﺑَﺮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺻﻮْ ﺗﻴّﺔ‬ َ ‫ِﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ‬

voicemail voice message

‫ﺻﻮْ ﺗﻴّﺔ‬ َ ‫ُﻣﺮﺍ َﺳﻠﺔ‬

voice messaging

‫ﺍﻟﺼﻮْ ﺕ‬ َ ‫ﺗَ ْﻤﻴﻴﺰ‬

voice recognition

‫ﺻﻮْ ﺕ َﺭ ْﻗﻤ ّﻲ‬ َ ‫ُﻣ َﺸ ﱢﻐﻞ‬

digital audio player (DAP)

‫ُﻣ َﺸ ﱢﻐﻞ َﻭﺳﺎﺋِﻂ ُﻣﺘَ َﻌﺪﱢﺩﺓ‬ ‫َﻣﺤْ ﻤﻮﻝ‬

portable media player (PMP)

‫‪AUDIO-VISUAL INTERNET  85‬‬

‫)‪audio stream(ing‬‬ ‫‪audio-conferencing‬‬ ‫‪audio chat‬‬ ‫‪audio file‬‬

‫"‬ ‫‪digital audio‬‬ ‫‪MP3‬‬ ‫‪podcast‬‬ ‫"‬ ‫‪podcasting‬‬ ‫‪podcast service‬‬ ‫"‬ ‫‪podcast episode‬‬ ‫"‬ ‫‪podcaster‬‬ ‫‪podcatcher/‬‬ ‫‪podcast client‬‬

‫ﺼﻮْ ﺕ‬ ‫ﺗَ َﺪﻓﱡﻖ ﺍﻟ َ‬ ‫ﺻﻮْ ﺗﻴّﺔ‬ ‫َﻋ ْﻘﺪ ُﻣ ْﺆﺗَ َﻤﺮﺍﺕ َ‬ ‫ﺻﻮْ ﺗﻴّﺔ‬ ‫َﺩﺭْ ﺩَﺷﺔ َ‬ ‫ﺻﻮْ ﺗ ّﻲ‪ ،‬ﺷَﺮﺍﺋِﻂ‬ ‫ﺷَﺮﻳﻂ َ‬ ‫ﺻﻮْ ﺗﻴّﺔ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِﻣﻠَ ّ‬ ‫ﺻﻮْ ﺗﻴّﺔ‬ ‫ﺻﻮْ ﺗ ّﻲ‪- ،‬ﺍﺕ َ‬ ‫ﻒ َ‬ ‫ﺻﻮْ ﺕ َﺭ ْﻗﻤ ّﻲ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺇ ْﻡ ﺑﻲ ْﺛﺮﻱ )‪(coll.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻮ ْﺩﻛﺎﺳﺖ )‪(coll.‬‬ ‫ﺻﻮْ ﺗﻴّﺔ‬ ‫ﺻﻮْ ﺗﻴّﺔ‪- ،‬ﺍﺕ َ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺪﻭﱠﻧﺔ َ‬ ‫ﺻﻮْ ﺗ ّﻲ‬ ‫ﺗَ ْﺪﻭﻳﻦ َ‬ ‫ﺻﻮْ ﺗ ّﻲ‬ ‫ِﺧ ْﺪﻣﺔ ﺗَ ْﺪﻭﻳﻦ َ‬ ‫ِﺧ ْﺪﻣﺔ ﺑﻮ ْﺩﻛﺎﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺻﻮْ ﺗﻴّﺔ‬ ‫ﺻﻮْ ﺗﻴّﺔ‪- ،‬ﺍﺕ َ‬ ‫ﺗَ ْﺪﻭﻳﻨﺔ َ‬ ‫ﺻﻮْ ﺗﻴّﺔ‬ ‫َﺣ ْﻠﻘﺔ ُﻣ َﺪ َﻭﻧّﺔ َ‬ ‫ﺻﻮْ ﺗ ّﻲ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺪ ﱢﻭﻥ َ‬ ‫َﺼﻴﱡﺪ‬ ‫ﺑَﺮْ ﻧﺎ َﻣﺞ ﺧﺎﺹّ ﻟِﺘ َ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻮْ ﺗﻴّﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ ُﻤ َﺪﻭﱠﻧﺎﺕ َ‬

86  AUDIO-VISUAL INTERNET

‫ﺻﻮْ ﺗﻴّﺔ‬ َ ‫ُﻣ َﺪﻭﱠﻧﺔ ِﺭﻭﺍﺋﻴّﺔ‬ ‫َﺳﺠﱠﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻮْ ﺕ‬ َ ‫ﺇ ْﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺻﻮْ ﺗ ّﻲ‬ َ ‫ﺗَﺴْﺠﻴﻞ‬

podcast novel to record audio settings audio recording

ّ َ‫ﺗَﺤْ ﻤﻴﻞ ِﻣﻠ‬ ‫ﺻﻮْ ﺗ ّﻲ‬ َ ‫ﻒ‬

audio upload

ّ َ‫ﺗَ ْﻨﺰﻳﻞ ِﻣﻠ‬ ‫ﺻﻮْ ﺗ ّﻲ‬ َ ‫ﻒ‬

audio download

‫ُﻣﻌﺎﻳَﻨﺔ‬

preview

‫ﺗَ ْﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬

play

‫ﺗَ ْﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺗِ ْﻠﻘﺎﺋ ّﻲ‬ ‫َﻭ ْﻗﻔﺔ‬ ‫ُﻭﻗﻮﻑ‬ ‫ﺗَﺒْﺪﻳﻞ ﺍﻷﺻْ ﻮﺍﺕ‬ ّ َ‫ﺍﻟﺒ‬ ‫ﺼﻮْ ﺗ ّﻲ ﺍﻟ َﺮ ْﻗﻤ ّﻲ‬ َ ‫ﺚ ﺍﻟ‬

ّ َ‫ﺍﻟﺒ‬ ‫ﺚ ﺍﻟ ُﻤﺘَﺰﺍ ِﻣﻦ‬

‫ﺇﺫﺍﻋﻲ ﻋَﻠﻰ ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬ ‫ﻟِﻘﺎء‬ ّ

auto-play pause stop toggle sound (i.e. switch on/off) digital audio broadcasting (DAB) simulcast (simultaneous broadcast) internet radio show

AUDIO-VISUAL INTERNET  87

‫َﻣ َﺤﻄّﺔ ﺇﺫﺍﻋﺔ ﻋَﻠﻰ ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬

internet radio station

‫ﺇﺷﺎﺭﺓ َﺭ ْﻗﻤﻴّﺔ‬

digital signal

‫ﻗُﻮﱠﺓ ﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭﺓ‬

signal strength

‫ﺻﻮْ ﺗﻴّﺔ‬ َ ‫ﺿ ْﻐﻂ ﺑَﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ َ

audio compression

‫ﻗﺎﺋِﻤﺔ ﺃﻏﺎﻧﻲ‬

music playlist

‫ُﻣﺸﺎ َﺭﻛﺔ ﺃﻏﺎﻧﻲ‬

music sharing

‫ﺗَ ْﻨﺰﻳﻞ ﺃﻏﺎﻧﻲ‬

music download

‫ﺗَﺤْ ﻤﻴﻞ ﺃﻏﺎﻧﻲ‬

music upload

(coll.) ‫ ﺭﻳ ِﻤ ْﻜﺲ‬/ ‫ﺧَ ْﻠﻂ‬

audio remix(ing)

8.3 Multimedia internet

‫ َﻣﺮْ ﺋ ّﻲ‬-‫ﺻﻮْ ﺗ ّﻲ‬ َ ّ ‫ﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﻱ‬ َ َ‫ ﺑ‬-‫َﺳ ْﻤﻌ ّﻲ‬ ‫ﺼﺮﻳّﺔ‬ َ َ‫َﻭﺳﺎﺋِﻂ َﺳ ْﻤﻌﻴّﺔ َﻭﺑ‬ ‫َﻭﺳﺎﺋِﻂ ُﻣﺘَ َﻌﺪﱢﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺇ ْﻋﻼﻡ ﺇﻟِ ْﻜ ْﺘﺮﻭﻧ ّﻲ‬ ‫َﻭﺳﺎﺋِﻂ ُﻣﺘَ َﻌﺪﱢﺩﺓ ﺗَﻔﺎﻋُﻠﻴّﺔ‬

audio visual " multimedia " electronic media interactive multimedia

88  AUDIO-VISUAL INTERNET

‫ُﻣ َﺸ ﱢﻐﻞ َﻭﺳﺎﺋِﻂ ُﻣﺘَ َﻌﺪﱢﺩﺓ‬

multimedia player

‫َﻣ ْﻜﺘَﺒﺔ َﻭﺳﺎﺋِﻂ ُﻣﺘَ َﻌﺪﱢﺩﺓ‬

multimedia library

‫َﻣ ْﻜﺘَﺒﺔ ﺗَﻔﺎﻋُﻠﻴّﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻴ ْﺪﻳﻮ َﺭ ْﻗﻤ ّﻲ‬ ‫َﻋ ْﻘﺪ ُﻣ ْﺆﺗَ َﻤﺮﺍﺕ ﺑِ ْﺎﻟﻔﻴ ْﺪﻳﻮ‬ ‫ﺗِ ْﻠﻔﺎﺯ ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬ ‫ﺗِ ْﻠﻔﺎﺯ ﺗَﻔﺎﻋُﻠ ّﻲ‬

interactive library digital video video conferencing internet/online television (TV) interactive TV

‫ﻛﻲ‬ ّ ‫ﺗِ ْﻠﻔﺎﺯ َﺫ‬

smart TV

‫ﺑَﺮﻳﺪ َﻣﺮْ ﺋ ّﻲ‬

video mail

‫ َﺭﺳﺎﺋِﻞ َﻣﺮْ ﺋﻴّﺔ‬،‫ِﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ َﻣﺮْ ﺋﻴّﺔ‬

video message

‫ﺍِﺗﱢﺼﺎﻝ َﻣﺮْ ﺋ ّﻲ‬

video communication

‫َﺩﺭْ ﺩَﺷﺔ َﻣﺮْ ﺋﻴّﺔ‬

video chat

ً‫ﺍﻷَ ْﻛﺜَﺮ ُﻣﺸﺎﻫَﺪﺓ‬

most watched (videos)

‫ﻓﻴ ْﺪﻳﻮ ﻓﻴﺮﻭﺳ ّﻲ‬

viral video

‫ ﻓﻮ ْﺩﻛﺎﺳْﺖ‬/ ‫ُﻣ َﺪﻭﱠﻧﺔ َﻣﺮْ ﺋﻴّﺔ‬

vodcast/video podcast

‫‪AUDIO-VISUAL INTERNET  89‬‬

‫‪vodcasting‬‬ ‫‪screencasting‬‬ ‫‪webcasting‬‬

‫ﺗَ ْﺪﻭﻳﻦ َﻣﺮْ ﺋ ّﻲ‬ ‫ﺗَﺴْﺠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ‬ ‫ﺑَ ّ‬ ‫ﺚ ﺍﻟﻔﻴ ْﺪﻳﻮ ﻋَﻠﻰ ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬

‫‪web animation‬‬

‫ﺗَﺤْ ﺮﻳﻚ ﺣﺎﺳﻮﺑ ّﻲ ﻋَﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬

‫‪video file‬‬

‫ِﻣﻠَ ّ‬ ‫ﻒ ﻓﻴ ْﺪﻳﻮ‪- ،‬ﺍﺕ ﻓﻴ ْﺪﻳﻮ‬

‫‪video clip‬‬

‫ﻘﺎﻁﻊ ﻓﻴ ْﺪﻳﻮ‬ ‫َﻣ ْﻘﻄَﻊ ﻓﻴ ْﺪﻳﻮ‪َ ،‬ﻣ ِ‬

‫‪digital media file‬‬ ‫‪MP4‬‬ ‫‪high definition‬‬ ‫‪(HD) video‬‬ ‫"‬

‫ِﻣﻠَ ّ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮ ْﻗﻤﻴّﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋِﻂ َ‬ ‫ﻒ َ‬ ‫ﺇ ْﻡ ﺑﻲ ﻓﻮﺭ )‪(coll.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻴ ْﺪﻳﻮ ﻋﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﻟ ُﻮﺿﻮﺡ‬ ‫ﻓﻴ ْﺪﻳﻮ ﻋﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﻟ َﺠﻮْ ﺩﺓ‬

‫‪video upload‬‬

‫ﺗَﺤْ ﻤﻴﻞ ِﻣﻠَ ّ‬ ‫ﻒ ﻓﻴ ْﺪﻳﻮ‬

‫‪video download‬‬

‫ﺗَ ْﻨﺰﻳﻞ ِﻣﻠَ ّ‬ ‫ﻒ ﻓﻴ ْﺪﻳﻮ‬

‫‪embedding code‬‬ ‫‪(e.g. for online‬‬ ‫)‪videos‬‬

‫َﺷ ْﻔﺮﺓ ﺍﻹ ْﻟﺼﺎﻕ‬

‫‪record from‬‬ ‫‪webcam‬‬

‫ﺗَﺴْﺠﻴﻞ َﻋﺒ َْﺮ ﻛﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬

‫‪online video‬‬ ‫‪channel‬‬

‫ﻗَﻨﺎﺓ ﻓﻴ ْﺪﻳﻮ ﻋَﻠﻰ ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬

90  AUDIO-VISUAL INTERNET

‫ﺗَ َﺪﻓﱡﻖ َﻭﺳﺎﺋِﻞ ﺍﻹ ْﻋﻼﻡ‬

media streaming

‫ﺧﺎ ِﺩﻡ َﻭﺳﺎﺋِﻂ ﺍﻟ َﺪ ْﻓﻖ‬

media streaming server

‫ﺗَ ْﻨﺴﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﻔﻴ ْﺪﻳﻮ َﻏ ْﻴﺮ َﻣ ْﺪﻋﻮﻡ‬

video format is not supported

9. E-LEARNING 2.0 / ‫ﺗَﻌْﻠﻴﻢ ﺇﻟِ ْﻜ ْﺘﺮﻭﻧ ّﻲ‬

e-Learning/ e-Learning 2.0

‫ﺗَﻌْﻠﻴﻢ َﻋﺒ َْﺮ ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬

online learning

‫ﺗَﻌْﻠﻴﻢ ﺍِ ْﻓﺘِﺮﺍﺿ ّﻲ‬

virtual learning

‫ﺗَﻌْﻠﻴﻢ ﻋ َْﻦ ﺑُﻌْﺪ‬

distance learning

‫ َﻣﺰﻳﺞ‬/ ‫ﺗَﻌْﻠﻴﻢ ُﻣ ْﺪ َﻣﺞ‬

blended learning (BL)/mixedmode learning

‫ﺗَﻌْﻠﻴﻢ ﻫَﺠﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺗَﻌْﻠﻴﻢ ﺇﻟِ ْﻜ ْﺘﺮﻭﻧ ّﻲ ُﻣﺘَﺰﺍ ِﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺗَﻌْﻠﻴﻢ ﺇﻟِ ْﻜ ْﺘﺮﻭﻧ ّﻲ َﻏﻴْﺮ ُﻣﺘَﺰﺍ ِﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺗَﻌْﻠﻴﻢ ﺗَﻔﺎﻋُﻠ ّﻲ‬

hybrid learning synchronous learning asynchronous learning interactive learning

‫ﺗَﻌْﻠﻴﻢ ﺑِﺎ ْﺳﺘِ ْﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺘِ ْﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ‬

technology enhanced learning (TEL)

‫ﺗَﻌْﻠﻴﻢ ِﺑ ُﻤﺴﺎﻋَﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺳﻮﺏ‬

computer-based learning (CBL)

92  E-LEARNING

‫ﺗَﻌْﻠﻴﻢ ُﻣ ْﻌﺘَ َﻤﺪ ﻋَﻠﻰ ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ِﻧﺖ‬

web-based learning (WBL)

‫ﺗَ ْﺪﺭﻳﺐ ﺑِ ُﻤﺴﺎﻋَﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺳﻮﺏ‬

computer-based training (CBT)

‫ﺗَ ْﺪﺭﻳﺐ ُﻣ ْﻌﺘَ َﻤﺪ ﻋَﻠﻰ ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬ ‫ﺇﺭْ ﺷﺎﺩ َﻭﺗَﻮْ ﺟﻴﻪ َﻋ ْﺒ َﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬ ‫ﺗَ َﻌﻠﱡﻢ ﺑِ ُﻤﺴﺎﻋَﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺳﻮﺏ‬

web-based training (WBT) cyber mentoring computer assisted learning (CAL)

‫ﺗَ َﻌﻠﱡﻢ ﺍﻟﻠُﻐﺎﺕ ﺑِ ُﻤﺴﺎﻋَﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺳﻮﺏ‬

computer assisted language learning (CALL)

‫ ﻧَﻘّﺎﻝ‬/ ‫ﺗَﻌْﻠﻴﻢ ﺟَﻮّ ﺍﻝ‬

m-Learning (mobile learning)

‫ﺗَ َﻌﻠﱡﻢ ﺍﻟﻠُﻐﺎﺕ ﺍﻟ َﻤ ْﺪﻋﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺑِﺎﻷَﺟْ ِﻬﺰﺓ ﺍﻟ َﻤﺤْ ﻤﻮﻟﺔ‬

mobile assisted language learning (MALL)

‫ﺗَﻌْﻠﻴﻢ ﻓﻲ ُﻛﻞّ َﻣﻜﺎﻥ‬

u-Learning/ ULearning (ubiquitous learning)

‫ﺍﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋِﻞ‬ َ ‫ﺗَ َﻌﻠﱡﻢ َﻋﺒ َْﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ َﻤﺴْﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬

audio-based learning

E-LEARNING  93

‫ﺗَ َﻌﻠﱡﻢ َﻋﺒ َْﺮ ﺍﻟ ِﻤ ْﺬﻳﺎﻉ‬

radio-based learning

‫ﺗَ َﻌﻠﱡﻢ َﻋﺒ َْﺮ ﺍﻟﺘِ ْﻠﻔﺎﺯ‬

TV-based learning

‫ﺗَ َﻌﻠﱡﻢ َﻋﺒ َْﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﻴ ْﺪﻳﻮ‬

video-based learning

‫ُﻣ ْﺴﺘَﻮْ َﺩﻉ ﺇﻟِ ْﻜ ْﺘﺮﻭﻧ ّﻲ‬

online repository

‫ﺑَ ّﻮﺍﺑﺔ ﺇ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ ﺗَﻌْﻠﻴﻤﻴّﺔ‬

online education portal

‫َﺫﺧﻴﺮﺓ ﻟُﻐَﻮﻳّﺔ ﻋَﻠﻰ ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬ ‫ِﻣﻨَﺼّ ﺔ ﺍﻟﺘَﻌْﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﻹﻟِ ْﻜ ْﺘﺮﻭﻧ ّﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻ ْﻓﺘِﺮﺍﺿ ّﻲ‬ ِ ‫ﺑﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﺘَﻌْﻠﻴﻢ‬

online corpus e-Learning platform virtual learning environment (VLE)

‫ﻧِﻈﺎﻡ َﺩ ْﻋﻢ ﺍﻟﺘَﻌْﻠﻴﻢ‬

learning support system (LSS)

‫ﻧِﻈﺎﻡ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘَﻌْﻠﻴﻢ‬

learning management system (LMS)

‫ﻧِﻈﺎﻡ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟ ُﻤﺤْ ﺘَﻮﻯ‬

content management system (CMS)

‫ﻧِﻈﺎﻡ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟ ُﻤﺤْ ﺘَﻮﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘَﻌْﻠﻴﻤ ّﻲ‬

learning content management system (LCMS)

‫‪94  E-LEARNING‬‬

‫‪computer-based‬‬ ‫‪assessment‬‬ ‫)‪(CBA‬‬

‫ﺗَ ْﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺗَﺮْ ﺑَﻮﻱّ ِﺑ ُﻤﺴﺎﻋَﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺳﻮﺏ‬

‫‪e-Assessment‬‬

‫ﺗَ ْﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺗَﺮْ ﺑَﻮﻱّ ﺇﻟِ ْﻜ ْﺘﺮﻭﻧ ّﻲ‬

‫‪online‬‬ ‫‪assessment‬‬

‫ﺗَ ْﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺗَﺮْ ﺑَﻮﻱّ ﻋَﻠﻰ ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬

‫‪e-Test/e-Quiz‬‬

‫ﺍِ ْﺧﺘِﺒﺎﺭ ﺇﻟِ ْﻜ ْﺘﺮﻭﻧ ّﻲ‪- ،‬ﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﻟِ ْﻜ ْﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴّﺔ‬

‫‪e-Tivity (e‬‬‫)‪Activity‬‬

‫ﻧَﺸﺎﻁ ﺇﻟِ ْﻜ ْﺘﺮﻭﻧ ّﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃَ ْﻧ ِﺸﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻟِ ْﻜ ْﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴّﺔ‬

‫‪online activity‬‬

‫ﻧَﺸﺎﻁ ﻋَﻠﻰ ﺍﻟ َﺸﺒَﻜﺔ‬

‫‪offline activity‬‬

‫ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﻟ َﺸﺒَﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻧَﺸﺎﻁ ِ‬

‫‪webquest‬‬

‫"‬ ‫‪learning object‬‬

‫ﻧَﺸﺎﻁ ﺗَ ْﻌﻠﻴﻤ ّﻲ ﺑِﺎ ْﺳﺘِ ْﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬ ‫ْﺮﻓﻴّﺔ ﺑِﺎ ْﺳﺘِ ْﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ِﺭﺣْ ﻠﺔ َﻣﻌ ِ‬ ‫ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬ ‫ﺻﺮ‬ ‫ُﻋ ْﻨ ُ‬ ‫ﺼﺮ ﺗَﻌْﻠﻴﻤ ّﻲ‪َ ،‬ﻋﻨﺎ ِ‬ ‫ﺗَﻌْﻠﻴﻤﻴّﺔ‬

‫‪reusable learning‬‬ ‫‪objects‬‬

‫ﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺗَﻌْﻠﻴﻤﻴّﺔ ﻳُ ْﻤ ِﻜﻦ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓُ‬ ‫َﻋ ِ‬ ‫ﺍِ ْﺳﺘِ ْﺨﺪﺍ ِﻣﻬﺎ‬

‫‪digital library‬‬

‫َﻣ ْﻜﺘَﺒﺔ َﺭ ْﻗﻤﻴّﺔ‪َ ،‬ﻣﻜﺎﺗِﺐ َﺭ ْﻗﻤﻴّﺔ‬

‫‪E-LEARNING  95‬‬

‫‪e-Library‬‬ ‫‪e-Book‬‬ ‫‪digital book‬‬ ‫‪e-Book reader/‬‬ ‫‪e-Reader‬‬ ‫‪e-Paper‬‬

‫َﻣ ْﻜﺘَﺒﺔ ﺇﻟِ ْﻜ ْﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴّﺔ‪َ ،‬ﻣﻜﺎﺗِﺐ‬ ‫ﺇﻟِ ْﻜ ْﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴّﺔ‬ ‫ِﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺇﻟِ ْﻜ ْﺘﺮﻭﻧ ّﻲ‪ُ ،‬ﻛﺘُﺐ‬ ‫ﺇﻟِ ْﻜ ْﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴّﺔ‬ ‫ِﻛﺘﺎﺏ َﺭ ْﻗﻤ ّﻲ‪ُ ،‬ﻛﺘُﺐ َﺭ ْﻗﻤﻴّﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺭﺉ ُﻛﺘُﺐ ﺇﻟِ ْﻜ ْﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴّﺔ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َﻭ َﺭﻕ ﺇﻟِ ْﻜ ْﺘﺮﻭﻧ ّﻲ‬

‫‪digital paper‬‬

‫َﻭ َﺭﻕ َﺭ ْﻗﻤ ّﻲ‬

‫‪e-Dictionary‬‬

‫ﻗﺎﻣﻮﺱ ﺇﻟِ ْﻜ ْﺘﺮﻭﻧ ّﻲ‪ ،‬ﻗَﻮﺍﻣﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﺇﻟِ ْﻜ ْﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴّﺔ‬

‫‪online dictionary‬‬ ‫‪e-Portfolio‬‬ ‫‪digital portfolio‬‬

‫ﻗﺎﻣﻮﺱ ﻋَﻠﻰ ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬ ‫ِﻣﺤْ ﻔَﻈﺔ ﺇﻟِ ْﻜ ْﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴّﺔ‬ ‫ِﻣﺤْ ﻔَﻈﺔ َﺭ ْﻗﻤﻴّﺔ‬

‫‪educational‬‬ ‫‪technology‬‬

‫ﺗِ ْﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﺘَﻌْﻠﻴﻢ‬

‫‪interactive‬‬ ‫‪whiteboard‬‬ ‫)‪(IWB‬‬

‫َﺳﺒّﻮﺭﺓ ﺗَﻔﺎﻋُﻠﻴّﺔ‬

‫‪digital painting‬‬ ‫‪computer graphics‬‬

‫َﺭﺳْﻢ َﺭ ْﻗﻤ ّﻲ‬ ‫ﺭُﺳﻮ ِﻣﻴّﺎﺕ ﺣﺎﺳﻮﺑﻴّﺔ‬

96  E-LEARNING

‫ﺑَﺮْ َﻣﺠﻴّﺎﺕ ﺗَﻌْﻠﻴﻤﻴّﺔ‬

courseware (educational software)

ّ َ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺚ ﺍﻟ ُﺪﺭﻭﺱ ﺍﻹﻟِ ْﻜ ْﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴّﺔ‬ ‫َﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬

coursecasting

‫َﻣ ْﺪ َﺭﺳﺔ ﺇﻟِ ْﻜ ْﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴّﺔ‬

online school

‫ﺟﺎ ِﻣﻌﺔ ﺇﻟِ ْﻜ ْﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴّﺔ‬

online university

‫ﺟﺎ ِﻣﻌﺔ ﺍِ ْﻓﺘِﺮﺍﺿﻴّﺔ‬

virtual university

‫ ﻓُﺼﻮﻝ‬،‫ﻓَﺼْ ﻞ ﺍِ ْﻓﺘِﺮﺍﺿ ّﻲ‬ ‫ﺍِ ْﻓﺘِﺮﺍﺿﻴّﺔ‬

virtual classroom

‫ﻋﺎﻟَﻢ ﺍِ ْﻓﺘِﺮﺍﺿ ّﻲ‬

virtual world

‫ﺍﻟ َﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧِﻴﺔ‬

Second Life™

‫ِﺭﺣْ ﻠﺔ ﺗَﻔﺎﻋُﻠﻴّﺔ ﺛُﻼﺛﻴّﺔ ﺍﻷَﺑْﻌﺎﺩ‬

interactive 3D journey

‫ﻧَ ْﺪﻭﺓ ﻋَﻠﻰ ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬ ،‫َﺩﺭْ ﺱ ﻋَﻠﻰ ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬ ‫ﺩُﺭﻭﺱ ﻋَﻠﻰ ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬ ‫َﻭﺭْ ﺷﺔ ﻋَﻠﻰ ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬ ‫ﻓﻴ ْﺪﻳﻮ ﺗَ ْﻌﻠﻴﻤ ّﻲ‬ ‫ُﻣﺘَ َﻌﻠﱢﻢ ﺇﻟِ ْﻜ ْﺘﺮﻭﻧ ّﻲ‬

webinar/web-based seminar online lesson online workshop video tutorial e-Learner/online learner

E-LEARNING  97

‫ُﻣ َﺪﺭﱢﺱ ﺇﻟِ ْﻜ ْﺘﺮﻭﻧ ّﻲ‬

e-Tutor/online tutor

‫ُﻣﻨَ ﱢﺴﻖ ﺗَﻌْﻠﻴﻤ ّﻲ ﺇﻟِ ْﻜ ْﺘﺮﻭﻧ ّﻲ‬

e-Facilitator/online facilitator

‫َﺩ ْﻋﻢ ﺗَﻌْﻠﻴﻤ ّﻲ ﻋَﻠﻰ ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬

online tutorial support

‫ َﻣﻨﺎ ِﻫﺞ َﺭ ْﻗﻤﻴّﺔ‬،‫َﻣ ْﻨﻬَﺞ َﺭ ْﻗﻤ ّﻲ‬

digital curriculum

‫ﺣُﻀﻮﺭ ﻋَﻠﻰ ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬

online attendance

‫ُﻣﺤْ ﺘَﻮﻯ َﻣ ْﻔﺘﻮﺡ‬

open content

‫ُﻣﺤْ ﺘَﻮﻯ ﺗَﻌْﻠﻴﻤ ّﻲ َﻣ ْﻔﺘﻮﺡ‬

open educational resources (OER)

‫ُﻣﺤْ ﺘَﻮﻯ ﺗَﻌْﻠﻴﻤ ّﻲ ﻋَﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬

online educational content

10. ONLINE SOCIAL NETWORKING ‫ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ ﺍ ِﻻﺟْ ﺘِﻤﺎﻋ ّﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻳﺐ ﺍ ِﻻﺟْ ﺘِﻤﺎﻋ ّﻲ‬

the social web "

‫ﺇ ْﻋﻼﻡ ﺍِﺟْ ﺘِﻤﺎﻋ ّﻲ‬

social media

‫ﺗَﻔﺎ ُﻋﻞ ﺍِﺟْ ﺘِﻤﺎﻋ ّﻲ َﻋ ْﺒ َﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ِﻧﺖ‬

online social interaction

‫َﺷﺒَﻜﺔ ﺍِﺟْ ﺘِﻤﺎﻋﻴّﺔ‬

social network

‫ ﺗَ ْﺸﺒﻴﻚ ﺍِﺟْ ﺘِﻤﺎﻋ ّﻲ‬/ ‫ﺗَﻮﺍﺻُﻞ‬

social networking

‫ﻤﺎﻋﻲ‬ ّ ِ‫ ﺗَ ْﺸﺒﻴﻚ ﺍِﺟْ ﺘ‬/ ‫ﺗَﻮﺍﺻُﻞ‬ ‫ﺗَﻌْﻠﻴﻤ ّﻲ‬

educational networking

‫ﺻﻞ ﺍِﺟْ ﺘِﻤﺎﻋ ّﻲ‬ ُ ‫َﻣﻮْ ﻗِﻊ ﺗَﻮﺍ‬ ‫َﻣﻮْ ﻗِﻊ ﺗَ ْﺸﺒﻴﻚ ﺍِﺟْ ﺘِﻤﺎﻋ ّﻲ‬

social networking site (SNS) "

‫ﺑَﺮْ َﻣﺠﻴّﺎﺕ ﺍِﺟْ ﺘِﻤﺎﻋﻴّﺔ‬

social software

‫ﺗَ ْﺪﻭﻳﻦ ﺍِﺟْ ﺘِﻤﺎﻋ ّﻲ‬

social blogging

‫ﺗَﺴَﻮﱡ ﻕ ﺍِﺟْ ﺘِﻤﺎﻋ ّﻲ‬

social shopping

‫ﻟُﻌْﺒﺔ َﺷﺒَﻜﺔ ﺍِﺟْ ﺘِﻤﺎﻋﻴّﺔ‬

social network game

‫‪100  ONLINE SOCIAL NETWORKING‬‬

‫‪social scoring‬‬ ‫‪social networking‬‬ ‫‪spam‬‬

‫ﺗَﻬْﺪﻳﻒ ﺍِﺟْ ﺘِﻤﺎﻋ ّﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺟْ ﺘِﻤﺎﻋﻴّﺔ‬ ‫ﺳُﺨﺎﻡ ﺍﻟ َﺸﺒَﻜﺎﺕ ِ‬

‫‪social bookmarking‬‬

‫ُﻣﻔَﻀﱠﻼﺕ ﺍِﺟْ ﺘِﻤﺎﻋﻴّﺔ‬

‫‪social bookmarking‬‬ ‫‪site‬‬

‫َﻣﻮْ ﻗِﻊ ﺍﻟ ُﻤﻔَﻀﱠﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺟْ ﺘِﻤﺎﻋﻴّﺔ‬ ‫ِ‬

‫‪social groups‬‬

‫ﺍﻻﺟْ ﺘِﻤﺎﻋﻴّﺔ‬ ‫ﻓِﺌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟ َﺸﺒَﻜﺎﺕ ِ‬

‫‪join group‬‬

‫ﻀﻤﺎﻡ ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻁَﻠَﺐ ﺍ ِﻻ ْﻧ ِ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ َﻤﺠْ ﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬

‫‪leave group‬‬

‫ُﻣﻐﺎﺩَﺭﺓ ﺍﻟ َﻤﺠْ ﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬

‫‪report group‬‬

‫ﺍﻹﺑْﻼﻍ ﻋَﻦ ﺍﻟ َﻤﺠْ ﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬

‫‪status update‬‬

‫ﺗَﺤْ ﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺸ َْﺨﺼﻴّﺔ‬

‫‪status messages‬‬ ‫‪activity log‬‬ ‫)‪likes (log‬‬ ‫‪to notify‬‬ ‫‪notifications‬‬

‫َﺭﺳﺎﺋِﻞ ﺍﻟﺘَﺤْ ﺪﻳﺜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ِﺳ ِﺠﻞّ ﺍﻟﻨَﺸﺎﻁﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺗَﺴْﺠﻴﻼﺕ ﺍﻹ ْﻋﺠﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺃَ ْﺷ َﻌﺮ‬ ‫ﺗَ ْﻨﺒﻴﻬﺎﺕ ‪ /‬ﺇ ْﺷﻌﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬

‫‪notifications on‬‬

‫ﺗَ ْﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺘَ ْﻨﺒﻴﻬﺎﺕ‬

‫‪notifications off‬‬

‫ﺇﻳﻘﺎﻑ ﺗَ ْﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺘَ ْﻨﺒﻴﻬﺎﺕ‬

ONLINE SOCIAL NETWORKING  101

‫ُﻣﺠْ ﺘَ َﻤﻊ ﺇﻟِ ْﻜ ْﺘﺮﻭﻧ ّﻲ‬

online community

ْ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫َﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ َﺷ َﺒﻜﻴّﺔ‬

network applications

‫ﻤﺎﺭﺳﺔ ﻋَﻠﻰ‬ َ ‫ُﻣﺠْ ﺘَ َﻤﻊ ُﻣ‬ ‫ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬

online community of practice

‫ﻤﺎﺭﺳﺔ ﻋَﻠﻰ‬ َ ‫َﺷﺒَﻜﺔ ُﻣ‬ ‫ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬

network of practice

‫ﻀ ّﻢ‬ َ ‫ﺍِ ْﻧ‬

to join

‫ﺷﺎﺭﻙ‬ َ

to contribute

‫ﺻﺪﻳﻖ‬ َ ‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺻﺪﺍﻗﺔ‬ َ ‫ﻁَﻠَﺐ‬ ‫ﺼﺪﻳﻖ‬ َ ِ‫ﺃَﺭْ ِﺳﻞ ﻟ‬ ً ‫ﺻﺪﻳﻘﺎ‬ َ ‫ﺃَ ْﺧﺒِﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺑِﻌﻮﻧﺎ ﻋَﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻔِ ْﻴﺴْﺒﻮﻙ‬ ‫َﺣ ْﻤﻠﺔ ﻓِ ْﻴﺴْﺒﻮﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠ ْﺪ َﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺰَ َﻣﻨ ّﻲ‬ َ ‫ﺻ ْﻔﺤﺔ‬ َ ‫ﺃَ ْﻋ َﺠﺒَﻨﻲ‬ ‫ْﺠﺒْﻨﻲ‬ ِ ‫ﻟَ ْﻢ ﻳُﻌ‬

add as a friend friendship request send to a friend mail-a-friend follow us on Facebook™ Facebook™ campaign timeline profile (Facebook ™) I like unlike

‫‪102  ONLINE SOCIAL NETWORKING‬‬

‫‪recommend‬‬

‫ﺼﺢ ﺑِﻬﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻧَ ْﻨ َ‬

‫‪become a fan of . . .‬‬

‫ْﺠﺒﻴﻦ ﺑِـ‪...‬‬ ‫ُﻛ ْﻦ ِﻣﻦَ ﺍﻟ ُﻤﻌ َ‬

‫‪to facebook‬‬

‫ﺑﺤﺚ ﻳﺒﺤﺚ ﺑَﺤْ ﺚ ﻋَﻦ‬ ‫ﺷ َْﺨﺺ ُﻣ َﻌﻴﱠﻦ ﻋَﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔِ ْﻴﺴْﺒﻮﻙ‬

‫‪to tweet‬‬ ‫‪to twitter‬‬

‫ﻏ ّﺮﺩ ﻳﻐﺮﱢ ﺩ ﺗَ ْﻐﺮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺃَﺭْ َﺳﻞ ِﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺑِﺎ ْﺳﺘِ ْﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ْﺗﻮﻳ ْﺘﺮ‬

‫‪tweet‬‬

‫ﺗَ ْﻐﺮﻳﺪﺓ‪- ،‬ﺍﺕ‬

‫‪retweet‬‬

‫ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺗَ ْﻐﺮﻳﺪ‬

‫‪twitter message‬‬ ‫)‪follow (s.o.‬‬ ‫)‪unfollow (s.o.‬‬ ‫‪follow us on‬‬ ‫™ ‪Twitter‬‬

‫ِﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ ْﺗﻮﻳ ْﺘﺮ‪َ ،‬ﺭﺳﺎﺋِﻞ ْﺗﻮﻳ ْﺘﺮ‬ ‫ُﻣﺘﺎ َﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫ْﺇﻟﻐﺎء ﺍﻟ ُﻤﺘﺎﺑَﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺑِﻌﻮﻧﺎ ﻋَﻠﻰ ﺍﻟ ْﺘﻮﻳ ْﺘﺮ‬

‫‪following‬‬ ‫)™‪(Twitter‬‬

‫ُﻣﺘﺎﺑَﻊ‪ - ،‬ﻭﻥ‬

‫‪follower‬‬ ‫)™‪(Twitter‬‬

‫ُﻣﺘﺎﺑِﻊ‪ - ،‬ﻭﻥ‬

‫‪# hashtag‬‬ ‫)™‪(Twitter‬‬

‫‪َ #‬ﻛﻠِﻤﺔ ِﻣ ْﻔﺘﺎﺣﻴّﺔ‪- ،‬ﺍﺕ‬ ‫ِﻣ ْﻔﺘﺎﺣﻴّﺔ‬

11. ONLINE COLLABORATION ‫ﺍﻟﺘَﻌﺎ ُﻭﻥ َﻋﺒ َْﺮ ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬

online collaboration

‫ِﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﺗَﻌﺎ ُﻭﻧﻴّﺔ‬

collaborative writing

‫ﻧَ ْﺸﺮ َﺟﻤﺎﻋ ّﻲ‬

collaborative publishing

‫ﺗَﻌﺎ ُﻭﻥ َﺟﻤﺎﻋ ّﻲ‬

mass collaboration

‫ﺑﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟ َﻌ َﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺘَﻌﺎ ُﻭﻧ ّﻲ ﻋَﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬

online collaborative working environment (CWE)

ْ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫َﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺗَﻌﺎ ُﻭﻧﻴّﺔ‬

collaborative applications/apps

‫ﻌﻲ‬ ّ ‫َﺫﻛﺎء َﺟ ْﻤ‬

collective intelligence

‫َﺫﻛﺎء ﺗَﻌﺎ ُﻭﻧ ّﻲ‬

collaborative intelligence

‫َﺫﻛﺎء َﺟﻤﺎﻋ ّﻲ‬

group intelligence

‫ﺻﺤﺎﻓﺔ َﺷﻌْﺒﻴّﺔ‬ َ

citizen journalism

‫ﻮﺍﻁﻦ‬ َ ِ ‫ﺻﺤﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟ ُﻤ‬

"

104  ONLINE COLLABORATION

‫َﻣﻮْ ﻗِﻊ ﻭﻳﻜﻲ‬

wiki site

‫ﺗَﺼْ ﻔِﻴﺔ ﺗَﻌﺎ ُﻭﻧﻴّﺔ‬

collaborative filtering

‫ﺗَ ْﺪﻭﻳﻦ ﺗَﻌﺎ ُﻭﻧ ّﻲ‬

collaborative blogging

‫ﺗَﻮْ ﺳﻴﻢ ﺗَﻌﺎ ُﻭﻧ ّﻲ‬

collaborative tagging

‫َﻌﺎﻭﻧ ّﻲ‬ ُ ‫ُﻣ َﺤﺮﱢﻙ ﺑَﺤْ ﺚ ﺗ‬

collaborative search engine

‫ﺗَ َﻌﻠﱡﻢ ﺗَﻌﺎ ُﻭﻧ ّﻲ ُﻣ ْﻌﺘَ َﻤﺪ ﻋَﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺳﻮﺏ‬

computer-supported collaborative learning

‫ﺗَ َﻌﻠﱡﻢ ﺗَﻌﺎ ُﻭﻧ ّﻲ ﺍِ ْﻓﺘِﺮﺍﺿ ّﻲ‬

virtual collaborative learning

‫ﺑَﺮْ َﻣﺠﻴّﺎﺕ ﺗَﻌﺎ ُﻭﻧﻴّﺔ‬

groupware/collaborative software

‫ﺑَﺮْ َﻣﺠﻴّﺎﺕ ﺃَ ْﻟﻌﺎﺏ ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘَﻌﺎ ُﻭﻧﻴّﺔ‬ ‫ﺃَ ْﻟﻌﺎﺏ ُﻣﺘَ َﻌﺪﱢﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻼ ِﻋﺒﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺑَﺮْ َﻣﺠﻴّﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘَ ْﻘﻮﻳﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮ ْﻗﺖ‬ َ ‫ﺑَﺮْ َﻣﺠﻴّﺎﺕ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬

collaborative gaming software multiplayer online games calendaring software "

ONLINE COLLABORATION  105

ْ ‫ُﻣﺸﺎ َﺭﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﺘ‬ ‫َﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬

application sharing

‫ﻧِﻈﺎﻡ ﺍ ِﻻﺟْ ﺘِﻤﺎﻉ ﺍﻹﻟِ ْﻜ ْﺘﺮﻭﻧ ّﻲ‬

electronic meeting system (EMS)

‫ﺃَﺩَﻭﺍﺕ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟ َﻤﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘَﻌﺎ ُﻭﻧﻴّﺔ‬

‫َﻣ ْﻜﺘَﺐ ﺍِ ْﻓﺘِﺮﺍﺿ ّﻲ‬

collaborative project management tools virtual office

‫ﺗَﺒﺎﺩُﻝ ﺍﻟ َﻤﻌْﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ َﻋ ْﺒ َﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠَﻮْ ﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﺒَﻴْﻀﺎء‬

online whiteboarding

‫ﺍِﺟْ ﺘِﻤﺎﻉ َﻋﺒ َْﺮ ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬

net meeting/ virtual meeting

‫ُﻣ ْﺆﺗَ َﻤﺮ َﻋﺒ َْﺮ ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬

net conference/ virtual conference

‫َﻋ ْﻘﺪ ُﻣ ْﺆﺗَ َﻤﺮﺍﺕ َﻋ ْﺒ َﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬

web conferencing

‫َﻋ ْﻘﺪ ُﻣ ْﺆﺗَ َﻤﺮﺍﺕ ﻋَﻦ ﺑُ ْﻌﺪ‬

teleconferencing

‫َﻋ ْﻘﺪ ُﻣ ْﺆﺗَ َﻤﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒَﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬

data conferencing

‫ﺗَﺒﺎ ُﺩﻝ ﺍﻟﺒَﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﺭْ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺑَﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ َﺭ ْﻗ ِﻤﻴّﺔ‬

data exchange digital data transmission

106  ONLINE COLLABORATION

‫ُﻣﻜﺎﻟَﻤﺔ ُﻣ ْﺆﺗَ َﻤﺮ َﻋ ْﺒ َﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬

conference call

‫َﻋ ْﻘﺪ ُﻣ ْﺆﺗَ َﻤﺮﺍﺕ ُﻣﺘَﺰﺍ ِﻣﻨﺔ‬

synchronous conferencing

‫ُﻣﺸﺎ َﺭﻛﺔ ﺍﻟ ِﻤﻠَﻔّﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺗَﺒﺎﺩُﻝ ﺍﻟ ِﻤﻠَﻔّﺎﺕ ِﻣﻦَ ﺍﻟﻨَﻈﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻟِﻠﻨَﻈﻴﺮ‬ ‫َﻣﻮْ ﻗِﻊ ﺍﻟﻨَ ّﺪ ﻟِﻠﻨَ ّﺪ‬ ‫َﻣﻮْ ﻗِﻊ ﺍﻟﻨَﻈﻴﺮ ﻟِﻠﻨَﻈﻴﺮ‬ ‫َﺧﺮﺍﺋِﻂ ﺗَﻌﺎ ُﻭﻧﻴّﺔ‬ ‫ﻧِﻈﺎﻡ ﻟَﻮْ ﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﺒَﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ َ ‫ﺑِﻨﺎء‬

file sharing peer-to-peer (P2P) file sharing P2P torrents site " collaborative maps bulletin board system (BBS) community building

‫ﺑِﻨﺎء ﺍﻟ َﺸﺒَﻜﺎﺕ‬

network building

‫ﺗَﻌْﻬﻴﺪ َﺟﻤﺎﻋ ّﻲ‬

crowdsourcing

‫َﺣ ْﺸﺪ ﺍﻟ ُﺠ ْﻤﻬﻮﺭ‬

folksonomy

‫ﺗ ََﺠ ﱡﻤﻌﺎﺕ ﻋﺎ ّﻣﺔ‬ ‫ُﻣﺤْ ﺘَﻮﻯ ُﻣﻘَ ﱠﺪﻡ ِﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ ُﻤ ْﺴﺘ َْﺨ ِﺪﻣﻴﻦ‬

" user-generated content (UGC)

ONLINE COLLABORATION  107

‫ﺇ ْﻋﻼﻡ ُﻣﻘَ ﱠﺪﻡ ِﻣﻦَ ﺍﻟ ُﻤ ْﺴﺘ َْﺨ ِﺪﻣﻴﻦ‬

user-generated media

‫ﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ‬ َ ‫َﻣﻮﺍﻗِﻊ ﻏَﻨﻴّﺔ ﺑِ ُﻤ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ ُﻤ ْﺴﺘ َْﺨ ِﺪﻣﻴﻦ‬

user-enriched websites

ّ َ‫ﺷﺎﺭﻙ ) ِﻣﻠ‬ (‫ ُﻣ َﺠﻠﱠﺪ‬،‫ﻒ‬ ِ

share (e.g. file, folder)

12. ONLINE & IT SECURITY ‫ﺃَ ْﻣﻦ ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﻗﺎﺑﺔ ﻋَﻠﻰ ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬ ِ

internet security internet censorship

‫ﺍﻟ َﻤ ْﻨﻊ ﻋَﻠﻰ ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬

internet banning

‫ﻗﺎﺋِﻤﺔ ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ِﻧﺖ ﺍﻟ َﺴﻮْ ﺩﺍء‬

internet blacklist

‫ﺃَ ْﻣﻦ ﺍﻟ َﻤﻌْﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬

information security

‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬

cyberlaw

‫ﺍﻟ ﱢﺪﻓﺎﻉ ﻋَﻠﻰ ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬

cyber defence

‫َﺣﺮْ ﺏ ﺇﻟِ ْﻜ ْﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴّﺔ‬

electronic warfare (EW)

‫ﺗَﻮْ ﺟﻴﻪ ﺍﻵﺑﺎء‬

parental guidance

‫َﺟﺮﺍﺋِﻢ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺳﻮﺏ‬

computer crime

‫َﺟﺮﺍﺋِﻢ ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬

cybercrime/ netcrime

‫َﺟﺮﺍﺋِﻢ َﻣﻌْﻠﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴّﺔ‬ ‫ ُﻣﺠْ ِﺮﻣﻮ‬،‫ُﻣﺠْ ِﺮﻡ ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ِﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬

" cyber-criminal

110  ONLINE & IT SECURITY

‫ﻫُﺠﻮﻡ َﻋﺒ َْﺮ ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬

cyber attack

‫ﺗَ ْﻬﺪﻳﺪ ِﻣﻦ ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬

cyber threat

‫ِﻋﺼْ ﻴﺎﻥ َﻣﺪَﻧ ّﻲ ﺇﻟِ ْﻜ ْﺘﺮﻭﻧ ّﻲ‬

‫ﺗَﻨَ ﱡﻤﺮ ﺇﻟِ ْﻜ ْﺘﺮﻭﻧ ّﻲ‬ ‫ﺗَ َﺤﺮﱡ ﺵ ﺇﻟِ ْﻜ ْﺘﺮﻭﻧ ّﻲ‬ ‫ﺗَ َﺠﺴﱡﺲ ﺇﻟِ ْﻜ ْﺘﺮﻭﻧ ّﻲ‬

electronic civil disobedience (ECD) cyber-bullying " cyber-spying

‫ﺗَ َﺠﺴﱡﺲ َﻋﺒ َْﺮ ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬

online sypying

ْ ِ‫ﺍِ ْﺳﺘ‬ ‫ﺮﻭﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻄﻼﻉ ﺇﻟِ ْﻜ ْﺘ‬ ّ

electronic intelligence (ELINT)

‫ﺟﺎﺳﻮﺳﻴّﺔ َﺭ ْﻗﻤﻴّﺔ‬

digital spying

‫ُﻣﻄﺎ َﺭﺩﺓ َﻋﺒ َْﺮ ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬

cyber-stalking

‫ُﺷﺮْ ﻁﺔ ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬

internet police

‫ِﺩﻓﺎﻉ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬

cyber defence

‫ﺍِﺣْ ﺘِﻴﺎﻝ َﻋﺒ َْﺮ ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬

online scam/fraud

‫ﺍِ ْﻧﺘِﻬﺎﻙ ﺍﻟ ُﺨﺼﻮﺻﻴّﺔ ﻋَﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬

online confidentiality breach

‫‪ONLINE & IT SECURITY  111‬‬

‫‪information piracy‬‬ ‫‪pirated software‬‬ ‫‪internet pirate‬‬

‫ﺻﻨﺔ ﺍﻟ َﻤﻌْﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻗَﺮْ َ‬ ‫ﺻﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺑَﺮﺍ ِﻣﺞ ُﻣﻘَﺮْ َ‬ ‫ﺮﺍﺻﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻗُﺮْ ﺻﺎﻥ ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‪ ،‬ﻗَ ِ‬ ‫ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬

‫‪identity (ID) theft‬‬

‫َﺳ ِﺮﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻬُﻮﻳّﺔ‬

‫‪internet scammer‬‬

‫ُﻣﺤْ ﺘﺎﻝ ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‪ُ ،‬ﻣﺤْ ﺘﺎﻟﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬

‫‪computer hacking‬‬

‫ﺍِ ْﺧﺘِﺮﺍﻕ ﺃَﺟْ ِﻬﺰﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺳﻮﺏ‬

‫"‬ ‫‪internet hacker‬‬

‫‪hacktivist‬‬

‫‪hacktivism‬‬ ‫‪computer hacker‬‬ ‫‪ethical hacking‬‬

‫ﺗَ ْﻬﻜﻴﺮ ﺃَﺟْ ِﻬﺰﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺳﻮﺏ‬ ‫ُﻣ ْﺨﺘ َِﺮﻕ ﺃَﺟْ ِﻬﺰﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺳﻮﺏ‪،‬‬ ‫ُﻣ ْﺨﺘ َِﺮﻗﻮ ﺃَﺟْ ِﻬﺰﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺳﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﻧﺎ ِﺷﻂ ﺍِ ْﺧﺘِﺮﺍﻕ ﺃَﺟْ ِﻬﺰﺓ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺷﻄﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺳﻮﺏ‪ِ ،‬‬ ‫ﺍِ ْﺧﺘِﺮﺍﻕ ﺃَﺟْ ِﻬﺰﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺳﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﻧَﺸﺎﻁ ﺍِ ْﺧﺘِﺮﺍﻕ ﺃَﺟْ ِﻬﺰﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺳﻮﺏ‬ ‫ُﻣ ْﺨﺘ َِﺮﻕ ﺃَﺟْ ِﻬﺰﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺳﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﺻﻨﺔ ﺃَ ْﺧﻼﻗﻴّﺔ‬ ‫ﻗَﺮْ َ‬

‫‪‘white hat’ hacker‬‬

‫ﻗُﺮْ ﺻﺎﻥ ﺫﻭ ﺍﻟﻘُﺒﱠﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺒَﻴْﻀﺎء‬

‫‪‘black hat’ hacker‬‬

‫ﻗُﺮْ ﺻﺎﻥ ﺫﻭ ﺍﻟﻘُﺒﱠﻌﺔ ﺍﻟ َﺴﻮْ ﺩﺍء‬

‫‪112  ONLINE & IT SECURITY‬‬

‫‪‘grey hat’ hacker‬‬

‫ﻗُﺮْ ﺻﺎﻥ ﺫﻭ ﺍﻟﻘُﺒﱠﻌﺔ ﺍﻟ َﺮﻣﺎﺩﻳّﺔ‬

‫‪phreaking‬‬

‫ﺍِ ْﺧﺘِﺮﺍﻕ ﺍﻷَﺟْ ِﻬﺰﺓ ﺍﻟ َﻤﺤْ ﻤﻮﻟﺔ‬

‫‪phreaker‬‬

‫ُﻣ ْﺨﺘ َِﺮﻕ ﺍﻷَﺟْ ِﻬﺰﺓ ﺍﻟ َﻤﺤْ ﻤﻮﻟﺔ‬

‫‪software cracking‬‬ ‫‪to encrypt‬‬ ‫‪encryption/‬‬ ‫‪authentication‬‬

‫ﺍِ ْﺧﺘِﺮﺍﻕ ﺑَﺮﺍ ِﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺳﻮﺏ‬ ‫َﺷﻔﱠﺮ‬ ‫ﺗَ ْﺸﻔﻴﺮ‬

‫‪to decrypt‬‬

‫ﻚ ﻓَ ّ‬ ‫ﻚ ﻳَﻔُ ّ‬ ‫ﻓَ ّ‬ ‫ﻚ ﺍﻟﺘَ ْﺸﻔﻴﺮ‬

‫‪decryption‬‬

‫ﻓَ ﱡﻚ ﺍﻟﺘَ ْﺸﻔﻴﺮ‬

‫‪encrypted‬‬ ‫‪password‬‬

‫َﻛﻠِﻤﺔ ِﺳﺮّ ُﻣ َﺸﻔﱠﺮﺓ‬

‫‪password cracking‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺴﺮّ‬ ‫ﺍِ ْﺧﺘِﺮﺍﻕ َﻛﻠِﻤﺎﺕ ِ‬

‫‪to decode‬‬

‫َﺣ ّﻞ ﻳَ ُﺤ ّﻞ َﺣﻞّ ﺍﻟ ﱠﺸ ْﻔﺮﺓ‬

‫"‬ ‫‪spamming‬‬ ‫"‬ ‫‪spammer‬‬ ‫‪blocked user‬‬

‫ﻚ ُﺭﻣﻮﺯﺍً‬ ‫ﻚ ﻓَ ّ‬ ‫ﻚ ﻳَﻔُ ّ‬ ‫ﻓَ ّ‬ ‫ﺗَﻌْﻤﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺒَﺮﻳﺪ ﺍﻟ ُﻤ ْﺰ ِﻋﺞ‬ ‫ﺇﺭْ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒَﺮﻳﺪ ﺍﻟ ُﻤ ْﺰ ِﻋﺞ‬ ‫ُﻣﺮْ ِﺳﻞ َﺭﺳﺎﺋِﻞ َﻏﻴْﺮ َﻣﺮْ ﻏﻮﺑﺔ‬ ‫ُﻣ ْﺴﺘ َْﺨ ِﺪﻡ َﻣﺤْ ﺠﻮﺏ‪،‬‬ ‫ُﻣ ْﺴﺘ َْﺨ ِﺪﻣﻮﻥ َﻣﺤْ ﺠﻮﺑﻮﻥ‬

‫‪ONLINE & IT SECURITY  113‬‬

‫‪online‬‬ ‫‪authentication‬‬

‫ﺗَﻮْ ﺛﻴﻖ َﻋﺒ َْﺮ ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬

‫‪firewall‬‬

‫ﻱ ‪ِ /‬ﺟﺪﺍﺭ ﻧﺎﺭ ّ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺟﺰ ﻧﺎﺭ ّ‬ ‫ﻱ‬ ‫ِ‬

‫‪anti-virus software‬‬

‫ﺑَﺮﺍ ِﻣﺞ ُﻣﻀﺎ ّﺩﺓ ﻟِ ْﻠﻔﻴﺮﻭﺳﺎﺕ‬

‫‪computer virus‬‬

‫ﻓﻴﺮﻭﺱ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺳﻮﺏ‪- ،‬ﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺳﻮﺏ‬

‫‪computer worm‬‬

‫ﺩﻭﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺳﻮﺏ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﺪﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻮﺍﺳﻴﺐ‬

‫‪malicious code‬‬ ‫‪security gap‬‬

‫ﺑَﺮْ ﻧﺎ َﻣﺞ ﻣﺎ ِﻛﺮ‬ ‫ﺛَ ْﻐﺮﺓ ﺃَ ْﻣﻨﻴّﺔ‪ ،‬ﺛُ َﻐﺮ ﺃَ ْﻣﻨﻴّﺔ‬

‫‪security breach‬‬

‫ﺍِ ْﺧﺘِﺮﺍﻕ ﺃَ ْﻣﻨ ّﻲ‬

‫‪system failure‬‬

‫ﻓَﺸَﻞ ﺍﻟﻨِﻈﺎﻡ‬

‫‪security question‬‬ ‫‪online threat‬‬ ‫‪phishing‬‬ ‫"‬

‫ﺳُﺆﺍﻝ ﺃَ ْﻣﻨ ّﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃَ ْﺳﺌِﻠﺔ ﺃَ ْﻣﻨﻴّﺔ‬ ‫ﺗَ ْﻬﺪﻳﺪ ﺇﻟِ ْﻜ ْﺘﺮﻭﻧ ّﻲ‬ ‫ﺼﻴﱡﺪ َﻋﺒ َْﺮ ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬ ‫ﺗَ َ‬ ‫ﺍِﺣْ ﺘِﻴﺎﻝ َﻋﺒ َْﺮ ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬

‫‪spear phishing‬‬

‫ﺼﻴﱡﺪ ﺑِﺎﻟ ﱠﺮ ْﻣﺢ‬ ‫ﺗَ َ‬

‫‪phisher‬‬

‫ﺼﻴﱢﺪ‪ - ،‬ﻭﻥ‬ ‫ُﻣﺘَ َ‬

‫‪vishing (voice‬‬ ‫)‪phishing‬‬

‫ﺻﻮْ ﺗ ّﻲ‬ ‫ﺼﻴﱡﺪ َ‬ ‫ﺗَ َ‬

114  ONLINE & IT SECURITY

‫ ﺃَ ْﺧﻄﺎء‬،‫َﺧﻄَﺄ ﺑَﺮْ َﻣﺠ ّﻲ‬ ‫ﺑَﺮْ َﻣﺠﻴّﺔ‬ ‫ﺑَﺮْ َﻣﺠﻴّﺎﺕ ﺗ ََﺠﺴﱡﺲ‬ ‫ﺑَﺮْ َﻣﺠﻴّﺎﺕ ﺧَ ﺒﻴﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺑَﺮْ ﻧﺎ َﻣﺞ ِﻣ ْﺨﺪﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﺑَﺮْ َﻣﺠﻴّﺎﺕ ﺍﻟ َﺠﺮﻳﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺃَ ْﺩﻭﻳﺮ‬ ً‫ﺑَﺮﺍ ِﻣﺞ َﻣ ْﺪﻋﻮﻣﺔ ﺇ ْﻋﻼﻣﻴّﺎ‬

software bug spyware malware (malicious software) rogue programme crimeware adware (advertising software) "

‫ﺗَﺴْﻮﻳﻖ ﻓﻴﺮﻭﺳ ّﻲ‬

viral marketing

‫ﺇ ْﻋﻼﻥ ﻓﻴﺮﻭﺳ ّﻲ‬

viral advertising

‫ﺼﻨﺔ‬ َ ‫ِﺣ‬ ِ ْ‫ ﺃَﺣ‬،‫ﺼﺎﻥ ﻁُﺮْ ﻭﺍﺩﺓ‬ ُ ‫ﻁﺮْ ﻭﺍﺩﺓ‬ ‫َﺭﺻْ ﺪ ﻟَﻮْ ﺣﺔ ﺍﻟ َﻤﻔﺎﺗﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﺑَﺮْ ﻧﺎ َﻣﺞ ﺗَﺴْﺠﻴﻞ ﺃَ ْﺯﺭﺍﺭ ﻟَﻮْ ﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ َﻤﻔﺎﺗﻴﺢ‬ ‫َﻣ ْﺨﻄﻮﻁﺔ ﻛﻴﺪ‬

trojan horse (software) keystroke logging/ keylogging keylogger script kiddie/ skiddie/script kitty/script-running juvenile (SRJ)

ONLINE & IT SECURITY  115

‫َﻭﺿْ ﻊ ﺍﻷَﻣﺎﻥ‬ "‫ﻛﺎ ْﺑ ْﺘﺸﺎ )ﺍِ ْﺧﺘِﺒﺎﺭ "ﺗﻮﺭْ ﻧِﺞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎ ّﻡ َﻭﺍﻷﻭﺗﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﻜ ّﻲ‬ ‫ﻟِﻠﺘَ ْﻤﻴﻴﺰ ﺑَ ْﻴﻦَ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺳﻮﺏ‬ (‫َﻭﺍﻹ ْﻧﺴﺎﻥ‬

safety mode CAPTCHA (Completely Automatic Public Turing Test to Tell Computers and Humans Apart)

ّ ‫ﺻ َﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﻱ‬ ُ ‫ َﺭ ْﻣﺰ‬/ ‫َﺭ ْﻣﺰ َﻣﺮْ ﺋ ّﻲ‬

image CAPTCHA

‫ﺻﻮْ ﺗ ّﻲ‬ َ ‫َﺭ ْﻣﺰ‬

audio CAPTCHA

‫ﺍﻟﺘَ َﺤﻘﱡﻖ ِﻣﻦَ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬

image verification

ْ َ‫ﺼﻼ ِﺣﻴّﺔ ﻟِﻠﺘ‬ ‫ﻄﺒﻴﻖ‬ َ ‫ﺇ ْﻋﻄﺎء ﺍﻟ‬

authorise app

‫ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎء ِﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ َﻛﻠِﻤﺔ ﺗُ َﺬ ﱢﻛﺮُﻙ‬ َ ‫ﺑِ َﻜﻠِﻤﺔ ﺍﻟ ِﺴ ّﺮ‬

enter a password hint

‫ﺍﻟﺮﻗْﻢ ﺍﻟﻈﺎ ِﻫﺮ‬ َ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎء ﺇ ْﺩﺧﺎﻝ‬ َ ‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬

enter the number you see in the image

‫ﺇﺑْﻼﻍ ﻋَﻦ ُﻣ ْﺸ ِﻜﻠﺔ‬

report a problem

‫ﺇﺑْﻼﻍ ﻋَﻦ ﺇﺳﺎءﺓ‬

report abuse/ flag as inappropriate

‫ﺇﺑْﻼﻍ ﻋَﻦ ﺧَ ﻄَﺄ‬

report a bug

116  ONLINE & IT SECURITY

‫ﺇﺑْﻼﻍ ﻋَﻦ ﺳُﺨﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ َﻤﻮْ ﻗِﻊ َﻏﻴْﺮ َﻣﺴْﺆﻭﻝ ﻋَﻦ‬ ‫ُﻣﺤْ ﺘَﻮﻯ ﺍﻟ َﻤﻮﺍﻗِﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺟﻴّﺔ‬ ِ

report spam the site is not responsible for the content of external sites

13. MOBILE INTERNET ‫ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ ﺍﻟ َﺠ ّﻮﺍﻝ‬

the mobile internet

‫ﺍﻟﺠ ّﻮﺍﻝ‬ َ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻳﺐ‬

the mobile web

‫َﺣﻮْ َﺳﺒﺔ ُﻣﺘَﻨَﻘﱢﻠﺔ‬

mobile computing

‫َﺼﻔﱡﺢ ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ َﻋﺒ َْﺮ‬ َ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ َﺠ ّﻮﺍﻝ‬

mobile surfing

‫َﺼﻔﱢﺢ ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ َﻋﺒ َْﺮ‬ َ ‫ُﻣﺘ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ َﺠ ّﻮﺍﻝ‬

mobile browser

‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮّﺍﻝ‬ َ ‫َﻋﺮْ ﺽ‬ ‫َﻋﺮْ ﺽ ﺣﺎﺳﻮﺏ ﺍﻟ َﻤ ْﻜﺘَﺐ‬

mobile view (browser) desktop view (browser)

‫ﻧُ ْﻘﻄﺔ ﺳﺎ ِﺧﻨﺔ ﻟِ ْﻸَﺟْ ِﻬﺰﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠَﻮّ ﺍﻟﺔ‬

mobile hotspot

‫ﺗَﺠْ ِﺮﺑﺔ ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ ﺍﻟﺠَﻮّ ﺍﻝ‬

mobile internet experience

‫ﻧُ ُﻤ ّﻮ ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ِﻧﺖ ﺍﻟ َﺠ ّﻮﺍﻝ‬

mobile internet growth

‫ﺍﻟﺠ ّﻮﺍﻝ‬ َ ‫ِﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬

mobile internet device

118  MOBILE INTERNET

‫ﺁﻟﺔ َﻣﺤْ ﻤﻮﻟﺔ‬

portable gadget

‫ ﻧَﻘّﺎﻝ‬/ ‫َﺟ ّﻮﺍﻝ‬

mobile (phone)

(coll.) ‫ﻣﻮﺑﺎﻳْﻞ‬ ‫ ﻫﺎﺗِﻒ َﻣﺤْ ﻤﻮﻝ‬/ ‫َﻣﺤْ ﻤﻮﻝ‬ (coll.) ‫ﺑﻮﺭْ ﺗﺎﺑْﻞ‬ ّ‫ﻫﺎﺗِﻒ َﺧﻠَﻮﻱ‬ ‫ ﻫَﻮﺍﺗِﻒ َﺫﻛﻴّﺔ‬،‫ﻫﺎﺗِﻒ َﺫﻛ ّﻲ‬

" portable (phone) " cell phone/cellular phone smartphone

‫ُﻣ َﺪﻭﱠﻧﺔ ﺟَﻮّ ﺍﻝ‬

moblog (mobile blog)

‫ﺗَ ْﺪﻭﻳﻦ ﺟَﻮّ ﺍﻝ‬

moblogging (mobile blogging)

‫ﻭﻳﻜﻲ ﺟَﻮّ ﺍﻝ‬

mobile wiki

‫ ﺗِ ْﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺗِﻒ‬/ ‫ﺗِ ْﻘﻨﻴّﺔ‬ ‫ﺑَﺮﺍ ِﻣﺞ ﺟَﻮّ ﺍﻝ‬ ْ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫َﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺟَﻮّ ﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠ ّﻮﺍﻟﺔ‬ َ ‫ﺗَﺰﺍ ُﻣﻦ ﺍﻷَﺟْ ِﻬﺰﺓ‬

mobile telephone technology mobile software mobile apps/ applications mobile synchronisation/syncing

MOBILE INTERNET  119

‫ﺍﻟﺠ ّﻮﺍﻝ‬ َ ‫ﺃَ ْﻧ ِﻈﻤﺔ ﺗَ ْﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻧِﻈﺎﻡ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟ ُﻤﺤْ ﺘَﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﺠَﻮّ ﺍﻝ‬

‫ﺑﻮ ْﺩﻛﺎﺳﺖ ﺟَﻮّ ﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﺻﻮْ ﺗﻴّﺔ ﻋَﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺠَﻮّ ﺍﻝ‬ َ ‫ُﻣ َﺪﻭﱠﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﱢﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟ ُﻤﺘَﻨَﻘﱢﻠﺔ‬ ِ ‫ِﺧ ْﺪﻣﺎﺕ‬

‫ُﻣﺮﺍ َﺳﻠﺔ ﻓَﻮْ ﺭﻳّﺔ ُﻣﺘَﻨَﻘﱢﻠﺔ‬

mobile operating systems mobile content management system mobilecast (mobile podcast) " mobile telecommunication services mobile instant messaging

‫َﺷﺒَﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺗِﻒ ﺍﻟ َﻤﺤْ ﻤﻮﻝ‬

mobile telephone network

‫ِﺧ ْﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻨِﻄﺎﻕ ﺍﻟ َﻌﺮﻳﺾ‬ ‫ﻟِ ْﻠﺠَﻮّ ﺍﻝ‬

mobile broadband

‫ﺼﻮْ ﺕ َﻋﺒ َْﺮ ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬ َ ‫ﺍﻟ‬

internet telephony

‫ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟِﺚ‬/ 3‫ﺝ‬

3G

‫ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑِﻊ‬/ 4‫ﺝ‬

4G

‫ ﻣﻮ ِﺩﻡ‬/ ‫ﻻﺳ ْﻠﻜ ّﻲ‬ ِ ‫ِﻣﻀْ ﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻻﺳ ْﻠﻜ ّﻲ‬ ِ

wireless modem

‫‪120  MOBILE INTERNET‬‬

‫‪text message‬‬ ‫‪SMS (short mes‬‬‫)‪saging service‬‬ ‫‪MMS (multimedia‬‬ ‫)‪messaging service‬‬ ‫‪GPS (global‬‬ ‫‪positioning‬‬ ‫)‪system‬‬

‫ِﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﻧَﺼّ ﻴّﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻘَﺼﻴﺮﺓ‬ ‫ِﺧ ْﺪﻣﺔ ِ‬ ‫ِﺧ ْﺪﻣﺔ َﺭﺳﺎﺋِﻞ ﺍﻟ َﻮﺳﺎﺋِﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ ُﻤﺘَ َﻌﺪﱢﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻧِﻈﺎﻡ ﺗَﺤْ ﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟ َﻤﻮْ ﻗِﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟَﻤ ّﻲ‬

‫"‬

‫ﻧِﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺘَ َﻤﻮْ ﺿُﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟَﻤ ّﻲ‬

‫"‬

‫ﺟﻲ ﺑﻲ ﺇﺱْ )‪(coll.‬‬

‫‪wireless‬‬

‫ﻻﺳ ْﻠﻜ ّﻲ‬ ‫ِ‬

‫‪wireless computing‬‬

‫ﻻﺳ ْﻠﻜﻴّﺔ‬ ‫َﺣﻮْ َﺳﺒﺔ ِ‬

‫‪wireless‬‬ ‫‪communication‬‬

‫ﻻﺳ ْﻠﻜ ّﻲ‬ ‫ﺍِﺗﱢﺼﺎﻝ ِ‬

‫‪Wi-Fi‬‬ ‫"‬ ‫‪Wi-Fi hotspot‬‬ ‫‪Mi-Fi (mobile Wi‬‬‫)‪Fi hotspot‬‬

‫ﻭﺍﻱْ ﻓﺎﻱْ )‪(coll.‬‬ ‫ﺑَ ّ‬ ‫ﺚ ﻻ ِﺳ ْﻠﻜ ّﻲ ﻓﺎﺋِﻖ ﺍﻟ ِﺪﻗّﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴُﺮْ ﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻼﺗﱢﺼﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﻨﺔ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻧُ ْﻘﻄﺔ ِ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻼ ِﺳ ْﻠﻜ ّﻲ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻧُ ْﻘﻄﺔ ﺍِﺗﱢﺼﺎﻝ ﻻ ِﺳ ْﻠﻜ ّﻲ ِ‬ ‫ﻟِ ْﻠﺠَﻮّ ﺍﻝ‬

MOBILE INTERNET  121

‫ﺗِ ْﻘﻨﻴّﺔ ﺍﻟﺒْﻠﻮﺗﻮﻭﺙ‬ ‫َﺭﺑْﻂ ﺍﻹ ْﻧﺘِﺮْ ﻧِﺖ‬ ‫َﺼﻔﱡﺢ ﺍﻟ َﻤﻌْﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺃَ ْﺛﻨﺎ َء‬ َ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘِﺠْ ﻮﺍﻝ‬ ‫َﺭ ْﻣﺰ ﺍ ِﻻ ْﺳﺘِﺠﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻟ َﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ َﺮ ْﻣﺰ ﺍﻟ ُﻤ َﺮﺑﱠﻊ‬ (coll.) ‫ ﺑﺎﺭْ ﻛﻮﺩ‬/ ‫َﺷ ْﻔﺮﺓ‬

Bluetooth™ internet tethering data roaming QR (Quick Response) code " barcode

‫َﺷ ْﻔﺮﺓ َﺧﻴْﻄﻴّﺔ‬

linear barcode

‫َﺷ ْﻔﺮﺓ ﻧَ ْﻘﺸﻴّﺔ‬

matrix barcode

‫ﻗﺎﺭﺉ ﺍﻟ َﺸ ْﻔﺮﺓ‬ ِ

barcode reader

‫َﻣﺴْﺢ ﺍﻟ َﺸ ْﻔﺮﺓ‬

barcode scanning

INDEX @ sign/atmark/at symbol, 69 3G, 119 4G, 119 about (name of site, institution, etc.), 38 about us, 37 accessibility help, 38 accessories/add-ons/plugins/widgets, 17 account management, 32 activate service, 15 active (service), 15 active file, 80 activity log, 100 add a placemark, 84 add as a friend, 101 add my signature, 69 add to favourites, 34 admail (advertising mail), 67 administrative privileges, 30 advanced search, 51 advertise with us, 40 advertisement, 40 advertising space, 40 adware (advertising software), 114 agree, 34 album cover, 82 album properties, 82 align centre, 78 align left/right, 78 align text, 79

all rights reserved, 38 alpha version, 18 alternative email, 65 Android™ Market, 17 anonymous user, 33 answer site, 11 anti-virus software, 114 app/applet, 16 App Store (Apple™), 17 application developer, 16 application programme interface (API), 18 application sharing, 105 application software, 16 Arabic chat/alphabet, Arabic chat/speak, 63 Arabizi/Aralish/Arabish, 63 archive site, 10 archive, 53 archiving, 53 art, 55 artificial intelligence, 22 asynchronous learning, 91 attach, 69 attachment (file), 69 attack site, 11 audio, 55 audio CAPTCHA, 115 audio chat, 85 audio compression, 87 audio download, 86 audio file, 85 audio recording, 86 audio remix(ing), 87

124  INDEX audio settings, 86 audio stream(ing), 85 audio upload, 86 audio visual, 87 audio-based learning, 92 audio-conferencing, 85 audio communication, 84 authenticating …, 45 authorise app, 115 authorising purchase …, 45 auto text, 79 auto-fill /auto-complete (forms), 64 auto-play, 86 available online (buddies), 72 available online, 33 available/ unavailable (username), 34 avatar, 31 away, 34 back, 45 background colour, 80 background image, 80 background, 80 backup (data), 19 bad request (e.g. browser), 43 bandwidth (internet), 16 barcode reader, 121 barcode scanning, 121 barcode, 121 basic printable version, 50 become a fan of …, 102 beta version, 18 bin/trash, 68 ‘black hat’ hacker, 111

blended learning (BL)/mixed-mode learning, 91 blind carbon copy (bcc), 69 blocked link, 42 blocked site, 10 blocked user, 112 blog (weblog), 73 blog archive, 73 blog design, 75 blog layout, 76 blog management, 73 blog post, 73 blog search engine, 74 blog template, 75 blog, to, 73 blogger, 73 blogging site, 11 blogging, 73 blogosphere, 73 blogroll, 73 blogware (blogging software), 73 Bluetooth™, 121 bold, 78 book search engine, 52 bookmark, 52 bookmarklet (bookmark/ applet), 17 borders and shading, 80 bounce (email), to, 70 bounce message, 70 brand building site, 12 browse, to, 37 browser history, 37 buddy list, 71 buffering …, 47 bulleted list, 78 bulletin board system (BBS), 106

INDEX  125 business and finance, 56 busy, 34 byte, 19 cached page, 50 calendaring software, 104 cancel, to, 41 CAPTCHA (Completely Automatic Public Turing Test to Tell Computers and Humans Apart), 115 carbon copy (cc), 69 category, 53 celebrities, 55 celebrity site, 11 cell (table), 80 cell/cellular phone, 118 chain email, 67 change, to, modify, to, 78 change password, 35 chat, to, 70 chat abbreviations, 71 chat, 70 chatiquette (chat etiquette), 70 chatroom, 71 chatspeak, 70 chatware, 72 check (email), to, 69 check spelling, 79 checking for messages …, 47 citizen journalism, 103 classified ads (advertisements), 56 clear form, 64 click, to, 44 click and drag, 44 click here, 44

click rate, 44 click, 44 clip art, 82 clipboard, 80 close, to, 78 cloud application, 19 cloud computing, 19 cloud storage, 19 collaborative applications/apps, 103 collaborative blogging, 104 collaborative filtering, 104 collaborative gaming software, 104 collaborative intelligence, 103 collaborative maps, 106 collaborative project management tools, 105 collaborative publishing, 103 collaborative search engine, 104 collaborative tagging, 104 collaborative writing, 103 collapse, 46 collective intelligence, 103 column (table), 80 command (computing), 20 comment moderation, 65 comment, 75 community building, 106 community forum, 64 community site, 12

126  INDEX compact disc (CD), 26 Compact Disc Read-only Memory (CDROM), 26 comparison list, 32 compose a message, 68 comprehensive printable version, 48 computer, 25 computer assisted language learning (CALL), 92 computer assisted learning (CAL), 92 computer-based assessment (CBA), 94 computer-based learning (CBL), 91 computer-based training (CBT), 92 computer crime, 109 computer games, 60 computer graphics, 95 computer hacker, 111 computer hacking, 111 computer hardware, 25 computer mediated communication (CMC), 63 computer simulation, 22 computer-supported collaborative learning, 104 computer virus, 114 computer worm, 114 computers, 56 conditions of use, 38 conference call, 106 confirm, 69 connect (online), to, 15

connecting …, 46 connection error, 43 connection speed, 15 contact form, 64 contact groups, 32 contact us, 38 content management system (CMS), 93 content site, 11 content-on-demand (COD), 61 continue/proceed, 45 continue reading, 46 contribute, to, 101 control panel, 39 conversation threading (forum), 64 convert, to, 79 cookie (web), 15 copy (e.g. text), to, 79 copy image location, 83 corporate site, 12 correct (editorial), to, 78 coursecasting, 96 courseware (educational software), 96 crash (e.g. browser), to, 41 create an account, 33 Creative Commons (CC) licence, 22 crimeware, 114 cropping, 82 crowdfunding site, 11 crowdsourcing, 106 culture, 55 cursor (mouse), 45 customise, to, 41 customisation, 41 cut, to, 79 cyber attack, 110

INDEX  127 cyber café, 10 cyber defence, 109 cyber defence, 110 cyber mentoring, 92 cyber threat, 110 cyber-bullying, 110 cybercrime/netcrime, 109 cyber-criminal, 109 cyberlaw, 109 cyberspace, 9 cyber-spying, 110 cyber-stalking, 110 dashboard, 39 data conferencing, 105 data exchange, 105 data management, 19 data roaming, 121 data, 19 database, 77 dating site, 12 deactivate service, 15 dead link, 42 decode, to, 112 decrypt, to, 112 decryption, 112 default home page, 49 delete, to, 79 delete account, 34 deleting …, 47 delivery status notifications, 68 desktop computer, 25 desktop email client, 66 desktop IM, 72 desktop mode/classic mode, 48 desktop search engine, 52 desktop view (browser), 117 detailed search, 51

did you forget your password?, 35 did you mean …? (search results), 53 digerati/digiterati, 30 digital/web archiving, 62 digital asset management (DAM), 22 digital assets, 22 digital audio broadcasting (DAB), 86 digital audio player (DAP), 84 digital audio, 85 digital book, 95 digital curriculum, 97 digital data transmission, 105 digital footprint/cyber shadow/digital shadow, 29 digital gift, 62 digital image editing, 82 digital image, 81 digital immigrant, 29 digital library, 94 digital literacy, 9 digital mashup, 23 digital media file, 89 digital native, 29 digital network, 21 digital painting, 95 digital paper, 95 digital pen, 26 digital portfolio, 95 digital preservation, 62 digital rights management (DRM), 23 digital rights, 22 digital signal, 87 digital spying, 110

128  INDEX Digital Video Disc (DVD), 27 digital video, 88 digital, 20 digitise, to, 20 digitisation/digitalisation, 20 disagree, 34 discussion forum, 64 dismiss, 41 display, to, 77 display (text), 46 disposable email address, 65 distance learning, 91 document, 77 domain (web), 14 domain name system (DNS), 15 domain name, 14 donate to the site, 45 donation site/click-todonate site, 11 done, 41 dot-com bubble, 8 download (file), to, 20 download link, 85 download options, 20 downloadable file, 80 downloading (DL), 20 downloading …, 47 downloads, 20 draft, 68 draft, 78 drag (file), to, 42 drag and drop, 42 drop pin, 84 drop-down menu, 39 dynamic page, 50 dynamic site, 10

e-Assessment, 94 e-Bank, 58 e-Book reader/e-Reader, 95 e-Book, 95 e-Business, 57 e-Cards (greeting), 60 e-Cash, 58 echo boomers, 29 e-Commerce site, 12 e-Commerce, 57 e-Democracy, 57 e-Development, 58 e-Dictionary, 95 edit (text), to, 76 edublog (educational blog), 74 education, 56 educational networking, 99 educational technology, 95 e-Entertainment, 58 e-Facilitator/online facilitator, 97 e-Government, 57 e-Health, 58 e-Inclusion, 58 e-Journal, 61 e-Learner/online learner, 96 e-Learning/e-Learning 2.0, 91 e-Learning platform, 93 electronic civil disobedience (ECD), 110 electronic intelligence (ELINT), 110 electronic media, 87 electronic meeting system (EMS), 105

INDEX  129 electronic warfare (EW), 109 e-Library, 95 email (electronic mail), 65 email account, 65 email address, 65 email authentication, 67 email bankruptcy, 66 email bomb, 67 email bombing, 67 email client, 66 email digest, 66 email encryption, 66 email fatigue, 66 email jamming, 67 email letter/L-mail, 66 email marketing, 57 email message, 66 email privacy, 66 email server, 67 email spoofing, 67 email storm, 67 email tracking, 66 e-Marketing, 58 embedding code (e.g. for online videos), 89 e-Mindmap, 82 emoticons, 71 encrypt, to, 112 encrypted password, 112 encryption/ authentication, 112 e-Newsletter, 61 enter a password hint, 115 enter the number you see in the image, 115 entertainment, 55 environment, 55 e-Paper, 95

e-Payment, 58 e-Petition, 57 e-Portfolio, 95 e-Publishing/ePub/web publishing error recovery, 43 e-Science, 58 e-Services, 57 e-Shopping, 57 e-Signature/digital signature, 31 e-Tailing, 57 e-Test/e-Quiz, 94 ethical hacking, 111 e-Tivity (e-Activity), 94 e-Translation/online translation, 60 e-Tutor/online tutor, 97 e-Voting, 57 executable file, 80 execution (software instructions), 20 exit, to, 78 expand (e.g. thread of emails), 46 expand all comments, 75 export (e.g. file), to, 77 external links, 42 extranet, 7 e-Zine/e-Magazine, 61 facebook, to, 102 Facebook™ campaign, 101 family, 55 featured article, 48 featured content, 49 featured member, 33 feedback and suggestions, 45 fetching …, 47

130  INDEX file requested not found, 43 file sharing, 106 file size, 77 file transfer protocol (FTP), 21 file type, 77 filter results, 54 filtering (search), 54 find and replace, 79 firewall, 114 flog (fake blog), 74 folder, 77 folksonomy, 106 follow (s.o.), 102 follow us on Facebook™, 101 follow us on Twitter ™, 102 follower (blog), 75 follower (Twitter™), 102 following (Twitter™), 102 font, 80 footer, 80 footnote, 80 format, to, 78 forum moderator, 65 forum site, 12 forward, 69 forwarded message, 68 free content, 61 freeware/freemium/share ware, 17 freeze, to, 41 frequently asked questions (FAQ), 38 friendship request, 101 frozen screen/browser, 41 full screen browser, 14 full screen display, 14

gambling site, 12 gaming site, 12 geotagging, 52 get directions gigabyte (GB), 19 go to, 45 go, 41 google, to, googling, to, 51 government site, 13 GPS (global positioning system), 120 graphical user interface (GUI), 40 graphics tablet/digitising tablet/drawing tablet, 26 ‘grey hat’ hacker, 112 group blog, 74 group intelligence, 103 groupware/collaborative software, 104 guest account, 30 guest blog post, 74 guest blogger, 74 guest blogging, 74 guest book, 40 guest map, 40 hacktivism, 111 hacktivist, 111 hard disk, 26 # hashtag (Twitter™), 102 header, 79 help centre, 38 help, 38 hide (text), 46 high definition (HD) video, 89 hit (web), 45

INDEX  131 holiday booking site, 12 homepage, 37 host (websites), to, 15 hover (mouse) over …, 42 humour site, 12 hybrid (map), 83 hybrid learning, 91 hybrid mail, 65 hyperlink, 42 hypertext markup language (HTML), 43 hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP), 22 hypertext, 43 I can’t access my account, 34 I like, 101 icon, 14 identity (ID) theft, 111 IM software, 72 image CAPTCHA, 115 image caption, 83 image link, 83 image search engine, 51 image size, 83 image verification, 115 import (e.g. file), to, 77 inactive (service), 15 inbox, 68 incoming messages, 68 incoming traffic, 44 infographics (information graphics), 82 information and communication technologies (ICT), 7

information age, 8 information overload, 8 information piracy, 111 information retrieval, 41 information security, 109 information site, 11 information society, 8 information transfer, 8 information, 19 inline (e.g. editing), 76 input device, 25 insert, to, 78 insert/edit link, 78 insert image, 79 insert symbol, 78 install, to, 20 installation, 20 installing …, 47 instant messaging (IM), 70 interactive 3D journey, 96 interactive learning, 91 interactive library, 88 interactive multimedia, 87 interactive TV, 88 interactive whiteboard (IWB), 95 internal links, 42 international internet domains, 15 internaut/internet user, 30 internet/online television (TV), 88 internet/online television (TV), 60 internet/web celebrity, 9 internet activism, 8 internet addict/ mouse potato, 30

132  INDEX internet addiction disorder (IAD), 30 internet banning, 109 internet begging, 61 internet blacklist, 109 internet bubble, 8 internet censorship, 109 internet connectivity, 15 internet coverage, 16 internet culture, 8 internet ethics, 8 internet fax, 60 internet forum/message board, 64 internet governance, 8 internet hacker, 111 internet hoax, 9 internet humour, 9 internet identity/internet persona, 29 internet marketplace, 57 internet meme, 9 internet message access protocol (IMAP), 22 internet over satellite (IoS), 16 internet personality, 9 internet pirate, 111 internet police, 110 internet protocol (IP), 21 internet radio show, 86 internet radio station, 87 internet radio, 60 internet revolution, 8 internet scammer, 111 internet security, 109 internet service provider (ISP), 10 internet shopping, 57 internet slang, 63

internet telephony, 119 internet tethering, 121 internet vigilantism, 9 invisible/appear offline, 34 italics, 78 job vacancies, 40 jobs, 56 join, to, 33, 101 join group, 100 journalist blog, 74 keyboard shortcuts, 26 keyboard, 25 keylogger, 114 keystroke logging/ keylogging, 114 keywords, 52 kilobyte (KB), 19 knowledge society, 8 language interface, 40 language tools, 39 laptop, 25 later, 46 latest additions/updates, 40 latest news, 40 launch (e.g. programme), to, 77 learning content management system (LCMS), 93 learning management system (LMS), 93 learning object, 94 learning support system (LSS), 93 leave a comment, 75 leave group, 100

INDEX  133 legal disclaimer, 38 less … (content), 46 likes (log), 100 linear barcode, 121 link, 42 linklog (link blog), 74 literature, 57 load (software), to, 20 loading …, 47 loading, 20 local area network (LAN), 21 local, 55 locate (map), 84 log in/sign in, 33 log out/log off/sign out, 33 lurk, to, 63 lurking, 63 mail-a-friend, 101 mailing list, 68 make us (our site) your homepage, 49 malicious code, 114 malware (malicious software), 114 maps, 55 mass collaboration, 103 mass mailing, 68 matrix barcode, 121 media sharing site, 11 media streaming server, 90 media streaming, 90 megabyte (MB), 19 members’ log in, 33 memory (computer), 27 menu, 39 message history, 72 metasearch engine, 52

micro-blog post, 73 micro-blog, 73 micro-blogging site, 11 micro-blogging, 73 Middle East, 55 Mi-Fi (mobile Wi-Fi hotspot), 120 millennial generation/ millennials/ generation Y, 29 mind mapping software, 82 mirror site (i.e. exact copy of another site), 13 m-Learning (mobile learning), 92 MMS (multimedia messaging service), 120 mobile (phone), 118 mobile apps/ applications, 118 mobile assisted language learning (MALL), 92 mobile broadband, 119 mobile browser, 117 mobile computing, 117 mobile content management system, 119 mobile hotspot, 117 mobile instant messaging, 119 mobile internet device, 117 mobile internet experience, 117 mobile internet growth, 117

134  INDEX mobile mode, 50 mobile operating systems, 119 mobile software, 118 mobile surfing, 117 mobile synchronisation/ syncing, 118 mobile telecommunication services, 119 mobile telephone network, 119 mobile telephone technology, 118 mobile view (browser), 117 mobile wiki, 118 mobilecast (mobile podcast), 119 moblog (mobile blog), 118 moblogging (mobile blogging), 118 moderate (online), to, 64 more … (content), 46 most watched (videos), 88 mouse (computer), 25 move (e.g. text), to, 77 movies, 56 movies-on-demand (MOD), 61 MP3, 85 MP4, 89 multilingual search engine, 52 multimedia library, 88 multimedia player, 88 multimedia, 87 multiplayer online games, 104

multisearch engine, 52 multi-tasking (computer), 50 music download, 87 music playlist, 87 music sharing site, 11 music sharing, 87 music upload, 87 music, 56 my (video) channel, 33 my account, 30 my bookings (travel), 32 my communication preferences, 33 my connections/contacts, 32 my contributions, 33 my digital identity, 29 my favourites, 32 my membership, 32 my online contacts, 32 my online identity, 29 my personal settings, 31 my personalised page, 31 my wish list, 32 negative feedback, 59 net conference/virtual conference, 105 net generation, 29 net meeting/virtual meeting, 105 netbook, 25 netiquette (net etiquette), 63 netizen (net citizen), 29 network applications, 101 network building, 106 network of practice, 101 networked information economy, 9

INDEX  135 neutral feedback, 59 new user, 33 news and media, 55 news site, 13 newsgroup, 65 newsreader, 48 next, 45 no results found, 53 non-delivery report/receipt (NDR), 70 non-profit organisation site, 12 ‘Not Found’ error message, 43 notebook, 25 notifications off, 100 notifications on, 100 notifications, 100 notify, to, 100 nudge, to, 72 number of comments, 75 number of hits, 45 numbered list, 78 office software suite, 18 offline, 15, 34 offline (buddies), 72 offline activity, 94 offline message, 72 offline reading, 48 offline viewing, 48 OK, 41 online, 15 online activity, 96 online apartment search, 60 online app store, 17 online application form/webform, 64 online assessment, 94

online attendance, 97 online auction, 58 online authentication, 113 online banking, 58 online bidding, 59 online calendar/diary, 60 online collaboration, 103 online collaborative working environment (CWE), 103 online community of practice, 101 online community, 101 online company, 58 online confidentiality breach, 110 online corpus, 93 online customer reviews, 65 online dating service, 60 online dictionary, 95 online education portal, 93 online educational content, 97 online flight booking, 59 online food ordering, 60 online gambling, 60 online games, 60 online journal, 73 online journalism, 59 online learning, 91 online lesson, 96 online listing, 59 online map, 83 online moderation, 65 online money transfer, 59 online office, 60 online photo gallery, 81 online presence, 29

136  INDEX online property search, 60 online reading, 48 online repository, 93 online scam/fraud, 110 online school, 96 online social interaction, 99 online software store, 17 online store/webstore, 58 online sypying, 110 online threat, 114 online ticket booking, 59 online transactions, 58 online travel booking, 59 online tutorial support, 97 online university, 96 online video channel, 89 online viewing, 48 online whiteboarding, 105 online workshop, 96 open (e.g. document), to, 77 open access, 21 open content, 97 open educational resources (OER), 97 open source software (OSS), 17 operating system, 18 optional fields, 64 options, 39 ordering prints online (photos), 62 outbox, 68 outgoing traffic, 45 output device, 25 P2P torrents site, 106

page hits, 45 page ratings, 45 page views, 45 page, 14 panoramic view, 81 parental guidance, 109 paste, to, 79 password cracking, 112 password strength, 31 password, 31 pause, 86 pay per click (PPC), 62 pay per view (PPV), 62 payment indentification (ID), 32 peer-to-peer (P2P) file sharing, 106 pending …, 46 penpal/keypal, 72 permalinks (permanent links), 76 personal computer, 25 personal information, 31 personal network, 31 personal profile, 31 personal site, 11 personalisation, 31 personalities, 56 phisher, 114 phishing emails, 67 phishing site, 13 phishing, 114 phlog (photoblog), 74 photo collage, 82 photo identity (ID), 31 photo sharing site, 11 photo sharing, 82 photocast, 81 photocasting, 81 photoshopping (photo manipulation), 82

INDEX  137 phreaker, 112 phreaking, 112 pinch (touchscreen), 42 pirated software, 111 play, 86 please try again, 46 please wait …, 46 plug and play (PnP), 27 podcast (audioblog), 74 podcast episode, 85 podcast novel, 86 podcast service, 85 podcast, 85 podcaster, 85 podcasting, 85 podcatcher /podcast client, 85 poke, to, 72 political site, 13 politics, 56 poll, 50 poll results, 50 popular search terms, 53 pop-up ads, 14 pop-up blocker, 14 pop-up window, 14 porn site, 12 portable (phone), 118 portable digital assistant (PDA), 25 portable gadget, 120 portable media player (PMP), 84 portable PC, 25 positive feedback, 59 post office protocol (POP), 70 preferences (search), 53 premium software, 18 presentations, 77 press, 56

press (key), to, 77 preview (comment), 75 preview, 86 printer, 27 printer-friendly version, 50 print-on-demand (POD), 61 privacy policy, 38 privacy protection, 38 private chatroom, 71 program, to, 16 programme, 16 programming language, 16 programming, 16 progress bar, 39 properties/specifications, 39 property, 58 proprietary software, 18 pseudo name/alias, 33 public content, 61 purchasing …, 47 QR (Quick Response) code, 121 question & answer, 39 quote, 79 radio-based learning, 93 random post, 75 rate this post, 75 rating site, 12 read messages, 68 real-time chat, 71 real-time search, 51 recent searches, 53 recipient, 66 reciprocal link, 43 recommend, 102

138  INDEX record, to, 86 record from webcam, 89 redo, to, 79 redirect page (n.), 43 redirecting …, 47 redirection (web links), 43 related links, 42 related posts, 75 related topics, 75 religious site, 13 remember me, 35 remember my settings, 35 remote control/remote access, 21 remote login (Rlogin), 21 rename, to, 78 reply to all, 69 reply, 69 report a bug, 115 report a problem, 115 report abuse/flag as inappropriate, 115 report group, 100 report spam, 116 required fields, 64 reset, to, 41 resize, 82 restore purchases (e.g. mobile apps), 35 resume, 41 retrieve/restore, to, 41 retweet, 102 reusable learning objects, 94 review site, 13 revolution 2.0, 57 rich site summary (RSS), 47 rogue programme, 114 rotate anti-clockwise, 83

rotate clockwise, 83 rotate, 42 row (table), 80 RSS aggregator (blog), 76 RSS feed, 48 RSS service, 48 sadness and crying expresssions, 71 safe search filtering, 54 safe search, 51 safety mode, 115 satellite (map), 83 save, to, 44 save as, to, 44 save as a draft, 69 save changes, 44 save image as, 83 scanner, 27 school site, 13 science, 55 screen, 26 screenager, 30 screencasting, 89 screenname (chat username), 30 screenshot/screen capture/screen grab, 81 script kiddie/skiddie/ script kitty/scriptrunning juvenile (SRJ), 114 scroll down, 46 scroll up, 46 scroll, 42 search, to, 51 search aggregator, 53 search box/field, 53

INDEX  139 search engine optimisation (SEO), 52 search engine site, 13 search results, 53 search tips, 53 Second Life™, 96 secret answer, 31 secret question, 31 secure online payment service, 58 secure server, 19 secure site, 10 security breach, 114 security gap, 114 security question, 114 select, to, 79 select all, 79 seller feedback, 59 send to a friend, 101 send us your feedback, 45 send, 69 sender, 66 sending …, 47 sent mail, 68 separate chatroom, 71 server not found, 43 server, 19 set up a blog, 75 settings, 39 sexting, 71 share (e.g. file, folder), 107 shock site (i.e. offensive and disturbing site), 12 shopping basket, 32 shortcut, 14 shout (using capital letters), to, 71 shoutbox/chatterbox, 71

show all comments, 75 shut down (e.g. programme), to, 41 sideblog, 74 sign up/register, 33 signal strength, 87 simulcast (simultaneous broadcast), 86 site map, 40 site unavailable for scheduled maintenance, 13 site under construction, 13 skip to/back to top, 46 skype, to, 72 slideshow, 81 smart TV, 88 smartphone, 118 smiling and laughing expressions, 71 SMS (short messaging service), 120 social blogging, 99 social bookmarking site, 100 social bookmarking, 100 social celebrity (social networks), 9 social groups, 100 social media, 99 social network game, 99 social network, 99 social networking site (SNS), 99 social networking site (SNS), 11 social networking spam, 100 social networking, 99 social scoring, 100

140  INDEX social shopping, 99 social software, 99 society, 55 sock puppet (internet), 33 software bug, 114 software cracking, 112 software developer, 16 software extension, 17 software, 16 software-as-a-service (SaaS), 18 sort by: average customer review, 54 sort by: popularity, 54 sort by: price high to low, 54 sort by: price low to high, 54 sort by: release/ publication date, 54 sort by: relevance, 54 sound notification (for new messages), 72 source code (software), 18 spam email/junk email/ unsolicited bulk email (UBE), 67 spammer, 112 spamming, 112 spear phishing, 114 spelling and grammar, 80 sponsored ads, 40 sponsored link, 43 sport, 55 spreadsheet, 77 spyware, 114 standard (map), 83 starred messages, 68 static site, 10

status messages, 100 status update, 100 stop, 86 storage device, 26 store (data), to, 19 strict filtering, 54 stylus pen, 26 sub-domain, 14 subfolder, 77 subject, 71 submit, send, 64 subscribe, to, 34 subscribe to comments, 48 subscribe to email news alerts, 48 subscribe to posts, 48 subscribe to RSS, 48 subscribe to SMS alerts, 48 subscriber (blog), 75 subscriber, 48 subscription, 34 support forum, 64 support us, 45 surf/navigate (the internet), to, 37 surfer, 37 synchronous conferencing, 106 synchronous learning, 91 syncing in progress …, 47 system failure, 114 system upgrade, 18 tab, 14 tabbed browsing, 14 table, 80 tablet PC, 25 tag cloud, 54

INDEX  141 tag, 52 tagging, 52 take a tour, 81 tap (icon), 42 task bar, 39 technical help/support, 38 technogeek, 30 technology enhanced learning (TEL), 91 technology, 56 technophobe, 29 teleconferencing, 105 temporary email address, 65 terabyte (TB), 19 terms of use (of site), 38 terrain (map), 83 text box, 80 text colour, 79 text direction, 79 text editor, 76 text message, 120 text mining, 54 text version, 49 the 404 error message, 43 the articles/the topics …, 49 most browsed, 49 most commented-on, 49 most favoured/bookmarked, 49 most popular, 49 most printed, 49 most read, 49 most saved, 49 most sent, 49 most shared, 49 the digital age, 9 the digital divide, 9 the information superhighway, 8

the internet, 7 the intranet, 7 the mobile internet, 117 the mobile web, 117 the net, 7 the new economy, 9 the semantic web, 22 the server is not responding, 43 the site is not responsible for the content of external sites, 116 the social web, 99 the web, 7 timeline profile (Facebook™), 101 timeline, 40 toggle sound (i.e. switch on/off), 86 toolbar, 39 tools, 39 top, 46 topic threading, 64 touchpad, 26 touchscreen, 26 trackback/pingback (links), 76 trade, 56 translation site, 13 transmission control protocol (TCP), 21 travel and tourism, 55 travel site, 12 trial version, 18 trialware/demoware, 17 trojan horse (software), 114 troll, to, 63 trolling, 63 troubleshooting, 39 TV-based learning, 93

142  INDEX tweet, to, 102 twitter, to, 102 twitter message, 102 u-Learning/ULearning (ubiquitous learning), 92 unavailable, 34 underline, 78 undo, to, 79 unfollow (s.o.), 102 unlike, 101 unread messages, 68 unsubscribe, 34 unwatch, 59 update, 40 updating …, 47 upgrade/update (system or software), to, 18 upload (file), to, 20 uploading (UL), 20 uploads, 20 URL shortening service, 10 USB (Universal Serial Bus) flash drive, 27 useful information, 56 useful links, 42 user account, 30 user interface, 39 user ratings, 45 user-enriched websites, 107 user-friendly interface, 40 user-generated content (UGC), 106 user-generated media, 107 username, 30 verify/activate your account, 35

verifying …, 47 video, 55 video chat, 88 video clip, 89 video communication, 88 video conferencing, 88 video download, 89 video file, 89 video format is not supported, 90 video game console, 26 video mail, 88 video message, 88 video search engine, 51 video sharing site, 11 video tutorial, 96 video upload, 89 video-based learning, 93 video-on-demand (VOD), 61 viral advertising, 114 viral marketing, 114 viral video, 88 virtual classroom, 96 virtual collaborative learning, 104 virtual gift, 62 virtual keyboard, 26 virtual learning environment (VLE), 93 virtual learning, 91 virtual office, 105 virtual tour, 81 virtual university, 96 virtual world, 96 vishing (voice phishing), 114 visual text editor, 76 visual, 81 vlog (video blog), 74

INDEX  143 vlogging (video blogging), 74 vodcast/video podcast, 88 vodcasting, 89 voice message, 84 voice messaging, 84 voice over internet protocol (VoIP), 84 voice over internet, 84 voice recognition, 84 voice search engine, 51 voicemail, 84 vote (online), to, 50 voting, 50 ‘watch items’ list (online auction), 59 waiting …, 46 warblog, milblog, 74 watch (e.g. auction), 59 web/internet traffic, 44 web 2.0, 22 web analytics, 44 web animation, 89 web application hybrid, 23 web application, 16 web banner, 40 web based IM, 72 web browser, 37 web browsing, 37 web conferencing, 105 web counter/hit counter, 44 web crawler, 53 web designer, 10 web hosting, 15 web indexing, 53 web mapping service, 83 web photo album, 81 web portal, 13

web search engine, 51 web search query, 54 web storage, 19 web surfing, 37 web technology, 22 web traffic statistics, 44 web-based email client, 66 web-based learning (WBL), 92 web-based office software, 18 web-based training (WBT), 92 webcam, 27 webcasting, 89 webinar/web-based seminar, 96 weblish/netspeak, 63 webmail, 66 webmaster, 10 webquest, 94 website/site, 10 website address/uniform resource locator (URL), 10 website comments, 65 website design, 10 website directory, 53 website monetisation, 61 website monitoring, 44 ‘white hat’ hacker, 111 who are we?, 37 wide area network (WAN), 21 Wi-Fi hotspot, 120 Wi-Fi, 120 wiki site, 104 wiki site, 13 window, 14 wink, to, 72

144  INDEX wireless communication, 120 wireless computing, 120 wireless local area network (WLAN), 21 wireless modem, 119 wireless wide area network (WWAN), 21 wireless, 120 word cloud, 55 Word document, 77 word processing software, 76

world wide web (WWW), 7 world wide web consortium (W3C), 7 WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get) editor, 76 zipped file, 77 zoom in/minimise, 83 zoom out/maximise, 82