Gulf Wars Big Book Gr. 5-8: Reading Levels 3-4 [1 ed.] 9781553199465, 9781553193654

Citation preview

GULF WARS BIG BOOK World Conflict Series .................. Written by Nat Reed

GRADES 5 - 8 Reading Levels 3 - 4

Classroom Complete Press P.O. Box 19729 San Diego, CA 92159 Tel: 1-800-663-3609 | Fax: 1-800-663-3608 Email: [email protected]

www.classroomcompletepress.com ISBN-13: 978-1-55319-365-4 ISBN-10: 1-55319-365-2 © 2009 Permission to Reproduce Permission is granted to the individual teacher who purchases one copy of this book to reproduce the student activity material for use in his or her classroom only. Reproduction of these materials for colleagues, an entire school or school system, or for commercial sale is strictly prohibited. No part of this publication may be transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher. We acknowledge the financial support of the Government of Canada through the Book Publishing Industry Development Program (BPIDP) for our publishing activities. Printed in Canada. All rights reserved.

©

Gulf Wars Big Book CC5510

Critical Thinking Skills .................. Gulf Wars Big Book Persian Gulf War (1990 – 1991) –­ Iraq War (2003 – 2010) – Both books

Hands-on Activities

Chapter 8

Chapter 7

LEVEL 2 Understanding

Chapter 6

3 3

• Demonstrate Understanding • Describe • Classify

3 3 3

3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

3 3 3

LEVEL 3 Applying

Chapter 5

3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

• Application to Own Life • Organize and Classify Facts • Infer Outcomes • Utilize Alternative Research Tools

3 3 3 3

3 3 3 3

3 3 3 3

3 3 3 3

3 3 3 3

3 3 3 3

3 3 3 3

3 3

3 3 3 3

LEVEL 4 Analysing

Chapter 4

3 3 3 3

• Distinguish Meanings • Make Inferences • Draw Conclusions • Identify Cause and Effect • Identify Supporting Evidence

3 3 3 3 3

3 3 3 3 3

3 3 3 3 3

3 3 3 3 3

3 3 3 3 3

3 3 3 3 3

3 3 3 3 3

3 3 3 3 3

3 3 3 3 3

LEVEL 5 Evaluating

Chapter 3

LEVEL 1 Remembering

• List Details/Facts 3 • Recall Information 3 • Match Vocabulary to Definitions 3 • Define Vocabulary • Sequence

• State and Defend an Opinion 3 • Make Recommendations • Influence Community

3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

3 3 3

LEVEL 6 Creating

Chapter 1

Skills For Critical Thinking

Chapter 2

Chapter Questions

• Compile Research Information 3 • Design and Application • Create and Construct • Imagine Alternatives

3 3 3 3

3 3 3 3

3 3 3 3

3 3 3

3 3

3 3

3 3

3 3

3 3

3

Based on Bloom’s Taxonomy ©

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Gulf Wars Big Book CC5510

Contents

.................. TEACHER GUIDE • Assessment Rubric....................................................................................... 5 • How Is Our Resource Organized?................................................................. 6 • Bloom’s Taxonomy for Reading Comprehension........................................... 7 • Vocabulary............................................................................................... 7-8

STUDENT HANDOUTS Persian Gulf War (1990 – 1991) • Reading Comprehension 1. Iraq, Oil and the Middle East . ................................................................ 2. Life in Iraq ............................................................................................. 3. Saddam Hussein ..................................................................................... 4. Invasion of Kuwait .................................................................................. 5. The War Begins ...................................................................................... 6. The Ground War .................................................................................... 7. Victory . ................................................................................................. 8. Aftermath ..............................................................................................

9 14 19 23 28 32 36 40

• Hands-on Activities....................................................................................... • Crossword..................................................................................................... • Word Search . ............................................................................................... • Comprehension Quiz ...................................................................................

44 48 49 50

Iraq War (2003 – 2010) • Reading Comprehension 1. Iraq – Desert, Oil and Saddam Hussein ................................................. 52 2. The Persian Gulf War ............................................................................. 57 3. World Terrorism ..................................................................................... 62

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Gulf Wars Big Book CC5510

Contents

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67 71 75 79 83

4. Last Moves . ........................................................................................... 5. Operation Iraqi Freedom ......................................................................... 6. The Fall of Baghdad ................................................................................ 7. Aftermath .............................................................................................. 8. A Soldier’s Story .....................................................................................

• Hands-on Activities....................................................................................... • Crossword..................................................................................................... • Word Search . ............................................................................................... • Comprehension Quiz ................................................................................... EZ

87 91 92 93

EASY MARKING™ ANSWER KEY ............................................................. 95 OVERHEAD TRANSPARENCIES ............................................................ 105

FREE!

4 6 BONUS Activity Pages! Additional worksheets for your students

NAME:

• Go to our website: www.classroomcompletepress.com/bonus • Enter item CC5508 • Enter pass code 5508D

NAME:

Student Worksheet

...................

Student Worksheet

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Editorial – Taking a Stand

Like almost every war in history, the Persian Gulf War raised a lot of controversy. Many people A Letter Home in Western nations thought the government of Kuwait was very During the Persian Gulf War the servicemen and women on both sides wrote many and didn’t deserve the letters to friends and loved ones at home describing their adventures, some ofcorrupt the sacrifi ce which would be required terrible things they had seen, and expressing their hopes and fears for the future. One to liberate the country from Iraq. of the most famous letters ever written by a soldier was written during the American Kuwait Civil War by Sullivan Ballou to his wife, Sarah. Here is a selection from that letter:Others feared that many civilians This unit on the Persian Gulf War has mainly concentrated on the country of Iraq and in Iraq would be killed or maimed its leader Saddam Hussein. What, though, of the tiny country of Kuwait – the of Sarah: because their leader, Saddam My victim very dear NAME: Iraq’s aggression? What do we really know about it? The indications are very strong that we shall move in a few days—perhaps Hussein, had made a mistake due tomorrow. Lest I should not be able to write again, I feel impelled to write a to few his greed. Still others accused Before the Persian Gulf War, Kuwait attracted a fair number of tourists due to its warm The Bedouin lines that may fall under your eye when I shall be no more . . . the governments of the United climate, beautiful beaches and modern hotels. Quite understandably, the war caused Sarah my love for you is deathless, it seems to bind me with mighty cables that States and other Western nations NAME: the tourist trade to dry right up. nothing but Omnipotence could break; and yet my love of Country comes of being mostly concerned about A widely quoted Bedouin saying is “I and my brothers against my cousins, over me like a strong wind and bears me unresistibly on with all these chains to The Interview of a Lifetime Your task is to put together a travel brochure on the Kuwaiti nation. The brochure having their supply of oil cut off. I and my brothers and my cousins against the world.” the battle field. should advertise the many attractions that Kuwait offers the North American traveler. The memories of the blissful moments I have spent with you come creepingThe leaders of many Western Imagine that you are the ace reporter for a Consider this... over me, and I feel most gratified to God and to you that I have enjoyed them major metropolitan newspaper. During the You may wish to consider including in your brochure information on: nations, including the United Bedouin are a “Don’t be attracted to easyThe paths for so long. And hard it is for me to give them up and burn to ashes the hopes Persian Gulf War you are sent to the region States, felt they were taking Weapons of War fascinating people who of future years, when, God willing, we might still have lived and loved together, because the paths that make • hotels, restaurants and other guest facilities to cover the story for your paper. While there action to protect a small, vulnerable nation against a murderous tyrant – a man and seen our sons grown up to honorable manhood, around us. I have, I know, your feet bleed are the onlyhave way lived on the fringes The Persian Gulf War featured many state-of-the-art high-tech weapons. Many, in able to send back many exciting you are who had proved his evil in his dealings with the Kurds of northern Iraq, and with other of history and society for but few and small claims upon Divine Providence, but something whispers to • costs for flights, accommodations and meals to get ahead in life.” fact, made their debut during this conflict. In the readings you were introduced storiesto about the conflict: the bombing raids groups that had opposed his leadership. me—perhaps it is the wafted prayer of my little Edgar, that I shall return to my hundreds (if not thousands) Saddam Hussein the stealth bomber, Tomahawk missiles, and Scud missiles. Many otheron examples Baghdad; the oil well fires; the launching • historic and architectural sites loved ones unharmed. If I do not my dear Sarah, never forget how much I love of years. The word bedu is of modern warfare technology were also used. of the Scud missiles at Israel and Saudi you, and when my last breath escapes me on the battle field, it will whisper an Arabic word meaning “Our objectives are clear. Saddam Hussein’s forces will leave Kuwait. The legitimate • attractions / entertainment your name. Forgive my many faults and the many pains I have caused you. Arabia; and many other breath-taking events. “inhabitant of the desert”. government of Kuwait will be restored to its rightful place and Kuwait once again will • In tank warfare the M1A1 Abrams tank was used very effectively. How thoughtless and foolish I have often times been! How gladly would I wash For most people though, be free. Iraq will eventually comply with all relevant United Nations resolutions…” As the war draws to a close you are unexpectedly given the opportunity of a lifetime. This project will require some research on your part. Check your school library for my tears every little spot upon your happiness . . . out with • In the air the F-117 Nighthawk stealth fighter, the AH-64 Apache helicopter, President George H.W. Bush, January 16, 1991 You and are asked to come to Baghdad and interview Saddam Hussein himself. this word conjures up much But, O Sarah! recent information on Kuwait as well as the internet. You might also wish to check out If the dead can come back to this earth and flit unseen around the F-15E Strike Eagle patrolled the skies. more. Books and movies those they loved, I shall always be near you; in the gladdest days and in the some sample brochures You telephone your editor and she is ecstatic. “This will be picked up by every news have painted the Bedouin darkest nights . . . always, always, and if there be a soft breeze upon your Imagine you are a newspaper editor of a large city paper. Write an editorial in to get an idea of their • Small arms included such weapons as carbines, assault rifles, light machine agency in the world,” she says. “You’ve got to make sure you ask him very penetrating as a fascinating people – cheek, it shall be my breath, as the cool air fans your throbbing temple, it shall layout. which you take a stand on the war – either supporting your country’s involvement guns, grenade launchers, mortars, mobile anti-tank guns, rocket launchers, and – questions that the world will be interested in finding out the answers to.” questions be my spirit passing by. Sarah do not mourn me dead; think I am gone and with flowing robes, riding or arguing against it. Be sure to support your stand with evidence – facts, data, shoulder-fired anti-aircraft missile launchers. wait for thee, for we shall meet again . . . Your brochure should their camels across the shifting sands under the hot desert sun. “Like what?” you ask. “I’m so excited – my mind has gone blank.” quotations, etc. Your task is to convince your faithful readers as to the stand that your include several paper has taken on this issue. Your editorial should be about a page in length. wear Sullivan Ballou was killed a week later at the first Battle of Bull Run, July 21, 1861. “No problem,” she says. “Sit down and take these six questions down. These areWhat, though, is the truth about these mysterious people? Do they really attractive pictures long flowing robes and carry small daggers with twisted blades? Do they really questions that everyone will want to know the answers to.” and be laid out as Imagine now that you are a serviceman or woman fighting in the Persian Gulf ride their camels and attack strangers without warning? How do they make their presented in the 6A War and write a letter home expressing what you have gone through © and what You grab your pen, get out your notepad and are just about to start writing when living? Are there even any Bedouin left in the deserts of Iraq and Kuwait, or are their Persian Gulf War (1990 – 1991) CC5508 sample brochures. The is on your heart. It should be about one page in length. the phone goes dead. “Oh no!” No matter how hard you try, you can’t get your descendants driving cars and living in the cities of the Middle East? What is real and text should be neat editor back on the line. You are on your own! You sit down and begin composing six has come straight from the imaginations of Hollywood scriptwriters? what and professional in questions – six questions you will ask Saddam Hussein – six questions that will make the appearance. 5A Your task is to do a one-page report on the Bedouin. Your report should include You may © Persian Gulf War (1990 – 1991) CC5508 world sit up and take notice! wish to use astill computer something of their history; how they traditionally made their living (and perhaps the where finished product. do); their culture and religion; their clothing; mode of transportation;for food; Your assignment is to compose the six questions you think would be most they can be found today – and anything else that you think your readers will find interesting to find out the answers to if you had a chance to interview fascinating. 4A Saddam Hussein. © Persian Gulf War (1990 – 1991) CC5508 You may wish to include a picture with your report. Be sure the report has a title and Then put your thinking cap back on. What might his answers be to these six has been proof-read. AH-64 Apache Helicopter questions? Write responses that Saddam might have given. Provide in these answers as much detail as possible, trying to shed some light into how this Your task is to prepare an information sheet on one or more of theman thinks, and explaining why he made such poor decisions during the weapons used in the Persian Gulf War. Imagine that such an information time of the Persian Gulf War. 3A © Persian Gulf War (1990 – 1991) CC5508

NAME:

NAME:

Student Worksheet

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Student Worksheet

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Student Worksheet

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Student Worksheet

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sheet will be used to help new recruits in their training. Your information sheet should include technical details on the weapon(s) you select, in what circumstances they might be used, necessary training required, cost, etc. • Please include a picture or drawing of each weapon. ©

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Persian Gulf War (1990 – 1991) CC5508

Persian Gulf War (1990 – 1991) CC5508

FREE!

4 6 BONUS Activity Pages! Additional worksheets for your students

NAME:

Student Worksheet

...................

Activity Six

• Go to our website: www.classroomcompletepress.com/bonus • Enter item CC5509 • Enter pass code 5509D

NAME:

Student Worksheet

NAME:

NAME:

NAME:

THE KURDS

Activity Two

treasures and artifacts.

Your task is to prepare an information sheet on these fascinating people. You You might consider one of may wish to include information about things like:

Language History Culture Music

•

Religion

•

Clothing

•

Recreation

•

Occupations

•

The ancient city of Arbil

•

The minaret in Samarra

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Karbala (i.e. The tomb of Imam al-Hussein Bnu Ali Bnu Abi Talib)

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The Abbasid Fortress of al-Ukhaidar

•

The Mosque of Abu Dalaf

This is your opportunity to be a movie critic. View one of the war movies listed below (or one approved by your teacher). While watching the movie consider the following:

The presence of the United States and other coalition nations in Iraq has become an increasingly sore point

Your task is to prepare a one page report summarizing this conflict. You may wish to look into the following research subtopics: •

•

The ancient city of Babylon

•

•

The ancient city of Ninevah

•

You may choose one of the sites above or another appropriate historical site for • investigation (historians estimate that there are more than 25,000 such sites in Iraq).•

• All Quiet on the Western Front

during the last few years?

earth?

the following sites:

• •

Iraqi Folktales

Stories and folktales have been a part of the culture of the people living in this part

among many people at home in the • The emotions of the main character during the movie – do his/her war US and in other countries around the experiences change him/her. If so, how? world. Demonstrations and protests entertainment for the people, as well as a The Iran-Iraq War was one of the bloodiest, most costly wars of the last century. It have been mounted on a regular • What experiences had the biggest impact on the character? Why? way of bonding the community of a region lasted for eight years, longer than the Second World War. Estimates of those killed in basis to bring troops home and in hopes of bringing stability to Iraq. together around a common image of life the war range from 500,000 to more than 1 million. Whole cities were destroyed and • Does the main character grow/mature through his/her experiences? that they all shared. Folktales reinforced the A number of peace organizations and humanitarian agencies exist to promote peace thousands of civilians were killed as well. The financial cost is estimated at a minimum values of society, reminding people of what and to help people in distress. Several have been operating in Iraq, trying to ease • the What does the main character come to realize about him/herself that he/she of $200 billion. Still, most was important to their ancestors. burden of suffering for the people there. didn’t realize before? Americans know little Some of these organizations include: Your task is to research an Iraqi folktale (in about this war. Your review should be about a page in length. It should review the basic plot of the your school library or on the internet) and • Coalition for World Peace What caused these two movie (without giving away the ending), and it should include your own opinion of to represent it in a project of about a page in length. An accompanying drawing or neighboring countries to the movie (good, bad, or mixed). other visual instrument could be very effective to your presentation. As•an Physicians extension for Peace hate each other so much • as Mennonite Central Committee to this activity you might read your folktale to the class or even act it out a WAR MOVIES that they would go to war Readers’ Theater exercise. If you are unable to find an Iraqi folktale, try•to fiAmerican nd one Red Cross year after year, with the • Lawrence of Arabia from elsewhere in the Middle East. Investigate one of the peace or humanitarian organizations listed above, or one of your goal of wiping the other own choosing. What role has it played in helping to bring peace and stability to Iraq• Sergeant York Here are a few Iraqi folktales: country off the face of the

region and create a During the presidency of Saddam Hussein the Kurds in Iraq were severely brochure designed to persecuted. Thousands were killed by Iraqi troops and many more were forced to leave the country and settle in other areas of the world. Now thatfascinate Saddamothers interested in searching for lost Hussein is no longer in power the Kurds do have it much better in Iraq.

•

Activity Four

This activity can be done individually or in small groups.

Many great movies and television programs have been made over the years which are set in times of war – from classics like Ben Hur (which takes place 2,000 years ago) to ones which are set during the recent wars in the Middle East. The best of these movies are perhaps those that force the viewer to take a closer look at his/her own self, or at how conflict and war are commonly viewed. Some really good movies can even make you see the point of view of people on the other side. A good movie, like a good book, draws you right into the lives of the people in the story.

men and women – both Iraqis and coalition troops – continue to suffer and die. The peace process has been a real struggle in this troubled, wartorn nation.

You can no more win a war than you can win an earthquake. of the world for countless generations. Folktales were an important source of Jeannette Rankin (1880 - 1973)

Historical Sites of Iraq

The Middle East has many historical sites dating back thousands of years – sites that would delight the heart of any historian,

archeologist, or relic hunter. The Kurdish people live in the northeastern part of Iraq. This area is part of a region which is often referred to as Kurdistan, and comprises parts of Iraq, You are to select one Turkey, Iran and Syria. Between four and six million Kurds live in Iraq. historical site from this

•

Student Worksheet

The Iraq-Iran War

Searching for Peace

Although the war in Iraq which ................... began in 2003 is “officially” over,

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Activity Three

Student Worksheet

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Student Worksheet

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Activity One

Student Worksheet

Be A Movie Critic

...................This activity can be done individually or in small groups.

Activity Five NAME:

•

• Red Badge of Courage Write a one-page report on the activities of this organization, their goals and • Paths of Glory accomplishments, especially with regard to Iraq. Your conclusion should state your own opinion about the effectiveness of this organization in Iraq.

“The Enchanted Storks”

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“The Prince’s Carpet”

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“Alexander the Great and the Jewish Barber”

Alternative Activity: After researching one or more peace or humanitarian organizations involved in Iraq, create your own organization to be used for this © purpose. What would be its goals and specific strategies to bring peace and stability to Iraq? Be sure to include enough detail so that the reader can get a clear picture of your plans.

Part of the Hands of Victory monument Saddam Hussein ordered built following the Iran-Iraq War

Background and causes of the war

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“The Little Red Fish and the Clog of Gold” (aka “The Golden Sandal”)

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“Seven Sons and Seven Daughters”

Timeline (main events)

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“The Sparrow and His Wife”

Foreign support given to Iran and Iraq

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“The Fish That Laughed”

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Iraq War (2003 – Present) CC5509

Iraq War (2003 – Present) CC5509

Military strength of both sides Casualties

Your brochure should be helpful to any traveler going to Iraq on an historical quest• The peace process or an archaeological dig. The brochure should include a summary of the historical © importance of the site, what the site presently features, how accessible it is to tourists, You might conclude your report by summarizing your own reaction to this conflict. admission charges, where it is located in Iraq, etc.

[You do not have to include information on all of these subtopics – only on It might be helpful to examine a sampling of brochures before beginning this project. those in which you are interested or about which you may have found some Be sure to make your final product professional-looking and attractive, and©to include really interesting facts.]

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Iraq War (2003 – Present) CC5509

Iraq War (2003 – Present) CC5509

relevant pictures.

Your information sheet should be one page in length. It should have a professional appearance and contain at least one appropriate picture. ©

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Iraq War (2003 – Present) CC5509

Iraq War (2003 – Present) CC5509

Gulf Wars Big Book CC5510

Assessment Rubric .................. Gulf Wars Big Book Student’s Name: _______________________________ Assignment:_______________________ Level:____________

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

Level 4

Knowledge and Understanding

Demonstrates a limited understanding of content. Needs teacher assistance

Demonstrates a basic understanding of some of the content. Needs some teacher assistance

Demonstrates a good understanding of the content. Needs little teacher assistance

Demonstrates an excellent understanding of the content. No Teacher assistance needed

Inquiry and Research Skills

Able to answer questions about the text with limited effectiveness, not supported with proof from the text

Able to answer questions about the text with some effectiveness, supported with some proof from the text

Able to answer Able to answer questions about the questions about the text with considerable text with a high degree of effectiveness, with effectiveness, excellent supporting supported with proof proof from the text from the text

Application and Making Connections

Limited application and interpretation in activities and responses, with few details

Basic application and interpretation in activities and responses, with some detail

STRENGTHS:

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WEAKNESSES:

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Good application and interpretation in activities and responses, with a variety of details

Excellent application and interpretation in activities and responses, with a variety of concise details

NEXT STEPS:

Gulf Wars Big Book CC5510

Before You Teach

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Teacher Guide Our resource has been created for ease of use by both TEACHERS and STUDENTS alike. Introduction

passage and extend their learning. Students are asked to give thoughtful consideration of the reading passage through creative and evaluative short-answer questions, research, and extension activities.

O

ur combined resource extensively covers the Gulf War (1990 – 1991) and the Iraq War (2003 – 2010). Written in simplified language, students will learn about the background of the region, the origins of each conflict, and the parties involved. The beginnings of each war, their progression, the outcomes and their significance to the world today are all explored. Find out why Iraq remains a country in turmoil and why strong and conflicting feelings about the war linger in the United States. Using simplified vocabulary and written in a way that makes it easier for students to understand, our resource provides ready-to-use information and activities for students in grades 5 – 8. Packed with reading passages, comprehension questions, handson activities, crossword puzzles, word searches, comprehension quizzes and overhead transparencies, this resource can be used effectively for whole class, small group and independent work.

The Assessment Rubric (page 4) is a useful tool for evaluating students’ responses to many of the activities in our resource. The Comprehension Quiz (page 50 and 93) can be used for either a follow-up review or assessment at the completion of the unit.

PICTURE CUES Our resource contains three main types of pages, each with a different purpose and use. A Picture Cue at the top of each page shows, at a glance, what the page is for.

How Is Our Resource Organized?



Teacher Guide • Information and tools for the teacher



Student Handouts • Reproducible worksheets and activities

EZ

Easy Marking™ Answer Key • Answers for student activities

EASY MARKING™ ANSWER KEY Marking students’ worksheets is fast and easy with this Answer Key. Answers are listed in columns – just line up the column with its corresponding worksheet, as shown, and see how every question matches up with its answer!

STUDENT HANDOUTS Reading passages and activities (in the form of reproducible worksheets) make up the majority of our resource. The reading passages present important grade-appropriate information and concepts related to the topic. Embedded in each passage are one or more questions that ensure students understand what they have read.

Every question matches up with its answer!

NAME:

After You Read

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Saddam Hussein 1. Circle the word TRUE if the statement is TRUE or Circle the word FALSE 1.

a) Although he became President of Iraq, Saddam Hussein was actually a) immense born in Egypt.

For each reading passage there are BEFORE YOU READ activities and AFTER YOU READ activities.

TRUE

FALSE

• The BEFORE YOU READ activities prepare students for reading by setting a purpose for reading. They stimulate background knowledge and experience, and guide students to make connections between what they know and what they will learn. Important concepts and vocabulary are also presented.

d) assassinate

f)

FALSE

e) interrogator

d) FALSE

FALSE

2.

e) FALSE

h) overthrow

FALSE

2. C 2.

f)

TRUE

3. A

1. A. cruel

B. safeguard

2.

From this biography of Saddam Hussein, briefly note five key events from his life Answers will vary and career in the order they happened.

Answers will vary. (i.e. 1. Born in Auja.

4. G

2. Starts school in Baghdad at age 10.

Gulf Wars Big Book CC5510

3. 4. 5. 22

4. In 1968 becomes number 2 man to the President. 5. In 1979 becomes President of Iraq.) 19

22

23

3.

secret

3. Nuclear weapons. They may destroy all human life.

- Iran - Ottoman Empire - United States - Saudi Arabia 26

G. enemy

I.

e) 2

7. E

F. important

J. exactness 2. Answers will vary. (i.e. Tanks, heatseeking missiles, submarines)

5. D

6. B

E. alliance

H. battle

c) 5 d) 4

3. At 20 joins the Baath Party.

2.

a) 3

C. uphold

D. last possible moment c) The U.S. moved thousands of troops and military equipment into the Persian Gulf region to protect the other nations in the Middle East.

b) 1

2.

1.

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e) FALSE

g) satisfied

FALSE

b) They gave Iraq until Jan. 15, 1991 to leave Kuwait.

d) FALSE

1. F

f) security

After a bloody war with Iran, Saddam was faced with a rebellion by the Kurdish people of Iraq. TRUE

c) TRUE 2.

e) Soon after taking power, Saddam led his country into war with Syria. TRUE

4. a) Iraq had one of the largest, bestequipped armies in the world and their leader was very aggressive.

b) FALSE

c) TRUE

d) Saddam’s one goal was to live and work in the United States. TRUE

1.

a) FALSE

c) abandon

FALSE

c) Saddam only started school when he went to live with his uncle in Baghdad. TRUE

1. Answers will vary. (i.e. Greed, bad leadership, jealousy)

b) TRUE

b) Saddam was born into a poor family who lived in a small village. TRUE

1.

a) FALSE

b) turmoil

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if it is FALSE.

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Gulf Wars Big Book CC5510

• The AFTER YOU READ activities check students’ comprehension of the concepts presented in the reading

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Gulf Wars Big Book CC5510

Before You Teach

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Bloom’s Taxonomy

Our resource is an effective tool for any SOCIAL STUDIES PROGRAM. Bloom’s Taxonomy* for Reading Comprehension LEVEL 6 Creating

The activities in our resource engage and build the full range of thinking skills that are essential for students’ reading comprehension and understanding of important social studies concepts. Based on the six levels of thinking in Bloom’s Taxonomy, and using language at a remedial level, information and questions are given that challenge students to not only recall what they have read, but to move beyond this to understand the text and concepts through higher-order thinking. By using higher-order skills of applying, analysing, evaluating and creating, students become active readers, drawing more meaning from the text, and applying and extending their learning in more sophisticated ways.

LEVEL 5

Evaluating

LEVEL 4

Analysing

LEVEL 3

Applying

LEVEL 2

Understanding

LEVEL 1

Remembering

Our resource, therefore, is an effective tool for any Social Studies program. Whether it is used in whole or in part, or adapted to meet individual student needs, our resource provides teachers with essential information and questions to ask, inspiring students’ interest, creativity, and promoting meaningful learning.

BLOOM’S TAXONOMY: 6 LEVELS OF THINKING *Bloom’s Taxonomy is a tool widely used by educators for classifying learning objectives, and is based on the work of Benjamin Bloom.

Vocabulary Persian Gulf War (1990 – 1991) ­– Iraq War (2003 – 2010) – Both books

acceptable

ally

atomic bomb

bombardment

accuracy

al-Qaeda

Auja

brutal

advance

ambition

Australia

bunker

aerial assault

ancestor

axis of evil

bypass

Afghanistan

apparent

Baath Party

campaign

aftermath

Arabic

Babylon

casualty

airfields

Arabs

Baghdad

chemical weapons

air strike

army division

Bedouin

civilian

Alexander the Great

assassinate

Bill Clinton

civilization

alliance

asset

biological weapons

Coalition

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Gulf Wars Big Book CC5510

Before You Teach

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commander

inspections

complicated

Vocabulary

Ottoman Empire

shock and awe

inspectors

outskirts

slant drilling

conflict

interior

overthrow

Smart Bombs

conquer

interrogator

parachuted

sniper

contend

invade

paramilitary units

stability

cooperate

Iran

Patriot Missiles

stallions

Cradle of Civilization Iraq

Pentagon

statistics

cultivation

Islam

persecute

Stealth Bomber

dates

Israel

Persian Gulf

stockpiles

deadline

Jordan

Persian Gulf War

strategy

debt

Kurds

personnel

streamed

deposed

Kuwait

poisonous gas

Sunnis

desperate

lawlessness

Poland

surface-to-surface missiles

detonate

loan

police

surrender

dictator

looted

protective suits

suspicious

disastrous

manufacturing

questionable

tactic

discouraged

Mesopotamia

react

Tel Aviv

earnest

Middle East

reparations

terrorism

elite

minority

Republican Guard Tigris

Emir

missions

reserves

Tikrit

estimate

Moslem

resistance

Tomahawk

ethnic

Mosul

Resolution

Tommy Franks

Euphrates

motivate

retreat

Tony Blair

expanse

Nineveh

ruthless

topple

expert

nomadic

sabotage

torn up

extensive

Norman Schwarzkopf

Saddam Hussein

Turkey

extinguish

obliterate

safeguard

turmoil

George H.W. Bush

occasion

Saudi Arabia

United Nations

George W. Bush

oil

Scud missile

unpredictable

Great Britain

oil wells

Scud Missiles

uphold

grief

Operation Desert Shield

Security Council

Ur

guerrilla

Operation Desert Storm

seized

vaccinations

Gulf War Syndrome

Operation Iraqi Freedom September 11

weapons of mass destruction

halt

oppress

Shiite

widespread

humiliating

Osama bin Laden

Shiites

World Trade Center

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NAME:

Before You Read

...................

Iraq, Oil and the Middle East 1. Complete each sentence with a word from the list. Use a dictionary to help you. refine unique

reserve involved

process famous

independent wealthy



a) Something which is very difficult or complicated is usually quite



b) Someone who is well-known for something is



c) Something that is



d) If you are



e) Someone who has a lot of money is



f) A

involves a series of actions.



g) To

is to bring to a purer state.



h) If something is in



2. Briefly explain why Iraq has been in the news so often during the past few years.

. .

can be said to have no equal. you can make your own decisions. .

 , it is being kept back or saved.



©

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Iraq, Oil and the Middle East

F

ew countries have been in the news as much during the past few years as Iraq. Since the 1970s Iraq has been involved in three major wars against such major powers as Iran, the United States and Great Britain. Why did this happen? How did a country the size of California, and with only about 30 million people get itself into so much trouble? That is the question we will be looking at in this unit. The country that we know as Iraq was actually only formed in the early 1900s. Before then it was known as Mesopotamia – the home to the world’s first cities (i.e. Babylon) and famous for being the cradle of civilization and the birthplace of writing. In the 8th and 9th Centuries Iraq was one of the world’s leading civilizations, rich in science, art, and literature. Today Arabic is the official language, although Kurdish has official status in the north. The Tigris and Euphrates Rivers run through Iraq and have been a source of life in this very dry country for thousands of years. It is these two mighty rivers that provide the country with much of its farmland. Yet today the Middle East (including Iraq) is better known for its oil than for its food products.

Why is oil such an important product in the world today?

Modern Iraq was created in 1921 after World War I, when the League of Nations divided the Middle East into a number of different countries. In 1932 Iraq was given its independence. King Faisal and his family ruled the country for a number of years until 1958 when the military led a rebellion and took power.

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Iraq, Oil and the Middle East In 1968 the Arab Socialist Baath Party overthrew the government and took control. This party gradually came under the control of Saddam Hussein, a man who had already spent time in prison for trying to overthrow the government. When Hussein took over the presidency in July 1979, he had many of his opponents killed.

When Hussein took over Iraq the country had been going through a long time of instability. Describe the kind of president you think the Iraqi people probably were wanting at this time.

Beneath the sands of Iraq is a huge amount of oil. This has given the nation much more power and wealth than might be expected – especially of a country in which most of the land is desert. Oil was first discovered in Iraq in 1927, and since then it has become the country’s most important source of wealth and its largest export. OIL PRODUCTION Crude oil is a liquid brought out of the ground and processed into products like gasoline and fuel oil. The crude oil is shipped in long pipelines across the country to factories known as oil refineries. Here the oil is processed into gasoline and other products. It is thought that between 100–300 billion barrels of crude oil are beneath the ground in Iraq. This is about 12% of the world’s available oil. Oil – like riches and wealth of every kind - has proved to be a blessing as well as a curse for the people of Iraq.

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NAME:

After You Read

...................

Iraq, Oil and the Middle East

1. Use the words in the box to answer each question. Kurdish     Euphrates     Mesopotamia     Arabic

A

A language spoken by the majority of the people in the Middle East.

B

What was once the name of the region now known as Iraq.

C

The language spoken by a people living in the northern part of Iraq.

D

The name of a powerful river that flows through Iraq.

2. Put a check mark (3) next to the answer that is most correct.

a) What is presently Iraq’s main product?





rice dates weapons oil



A. B. C. D.

1921 1900 1876 1979

c) What was the name of Iraq’s first king (of the 20th Century)?

©

A. B. C. D.

b) In what year was modern Iraq created?









A. B. C. D.

King Abdul King Farouk King Faisal King Sharif 12

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Iraq, Oil and the Middle East 3. Answer each question with a full sentence.

A) Describe briefly the circumstances that led to Saddam Hussein coming to power in Iraq.





B) The last sentence of the reading selection states that the discovery of oil in Iraq has been both a blessing and a curse for its people. Why might this be true?



Research Many famous and important people have either come from the Iraq region or have had a huge influence on the history of the area. Choose one of the people from the list below and write a one-page report on his/her life and accomplishments. If possible include a picture of him/her as well.

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•  •  •  •  •  • 

Abraham of Ur Alexander the Great King Faisal Gertrude Bell Nebuchadnezzar II of Babylon Saddam Hussein

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NAME:

Before You Read

...................

Life In Iraq Answer the questions in complete sentences. 1. What do you know about Iraq and its people? Write as much as you know about the country and the Iraqi people, Iraq’s location in the world, the language(s) of the people, their occupations, what they might do for recreation, their religion, etc.



©

2. Match the term on the left to its definition on the right. You may use a dictionary to help you. 1

ethnicity

Conflict.

A

2

conquer

A desire to achieve something (i.e. power, wealth, fame).

B

3

nomadic

A people sharing a common and distinctive culture, religion, and language.

C

4

tradition

To send to another country.

D

5

export

The behaviors and beliefs of a particular society.

E

6

ambition

Having no fixed home; a wanderer.

F

7

strife

To defeat.

G

8

culture

The handing down of statements, beliefs, customs, etc., from generation to generation.

H

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Life In Iraq

A

lthough the country of Iraq was only created in 1921, people have lived there for thousands of years. Over the centuries many people have fought over this area. One of the reasons for this is because Iraq was located in the middle of a major trading route. Some famous cities of old were built there, such as Babylon, Ur and Nineveh. Even the Celil Hayat Mosque, Kurdistan, Iraq famous conqueror, Alexander the Great, once ruled this region, rebuilding many of Babylon’s historic buildings. Recent history has seen Iraq go through years of strife among the ethnic groups within its borders, as well as wars with neighbors such as Iran and Kuwait. The main two ethnic groups living in Iraq are the Arabs and Kurds. The Arabs invaded this region almost fifteen hundred years ago, bringing with them their language, Arabic, and their religion, Islam. In modern Iraq, Arabs make up more than three-quarters of the population. The Kurds, on the other hand, number about five million and live mainly in the northeast part of the country. They are mostly Sunni Muslims and speak Kurdish.

State two main differences between the Arabs and Kurds of Iraq.

The Bedouin are a nomadic people who live in the desert areas of Iraq. Many of these people raise sheep and goats for their meat, milk, wool, and skins. Traditionally these people have lived in tents woven from goat hair. Today many Bedouin have settled in the cities and villages of Iraq.

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Life In Iraq Much of Iraq is desert, so the presence of the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers has been of great importance to the people of the area. While about twelve percent of the land is arable, only about half of it is being used for farming. Iraq’s main crops include barley, wheat, rice, and dates. Next to oil, dates are the country’s largest export. The famous Arabian horses are also raised in Iraq and can be seen in many show rings around the world.

Bedouin in desert with camels

There is a wide range of weather and geographic conditions in Iraq. Because of this there is also a wide range of plant and animal life. Some animals, like bears, wolves, and leopards, live in the mountains, whereas the desert area is home to jackals, gazelles, scorpions, and viper snakes.

What other animals might live in the desert regions of Iraq?

Today, most Iraqis live in large cities like Baghdad, while the rest live in small villages scattered throughout the country. Many villagers live in homes made of mud bricks with roofs made of straw. Many of the city-dwellers live in apartment buildings, like city-dwellers everywhere. Soccer is the most popular sport in Iraq. Although the people of Iraq have gone through many hardships during the last several years, they are a people with many of the same dreams and ambitions as people everywhere – valuing family, culture and religion. Many Iraqis have paid a steep price for the greed and selfishness of others who value the profits of oil more than human life.

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NAME:

After You Read

...................

Life In Iraq 1. Complete each sentence with a word from the list. Use a dictionary to help you. Kurds

Arabic

trading

Bedouin

Nineveh

Iran



a) One of the reasons this region was fought over was because it is on a major route.



b) One of the ancient cities of Iraq was



c) Recently Iraq has been involved in a war with



d) The



e) The language of the majority of Iraqis is



f) The



2. Break out an atlas – or check the internet.



are an ethnic group who live in northeast Iraq. .

are traditionally a nomadic people who live in desert areas.

Uruguay    Iran    Kuwait    Israel    Lebanon

b) Which of the following countries does not border Iraq?



©

.

a) Circle  the one country from the list below which is not located in the Middle East.



.

Turkey    Jordan    Syria    Afghanistan    Saudi Arabia

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NAME:

After You Read

...................

Life In Iraq 3. Answer each question with a complete sentence.

a) How have the Tigris and Euphrates rivers affected the land of Iraq?





b) What circumstances do you think might have hindered many Iraqis from realizing their dreams and ambitions?



Research In the past Baghdad, the capital city of Iraq, was often described as the jewel of the world. In recent years, however, the city has fallen upon hard times. Do some further investigation into this great urban center. After compiling information as to its size, main industries, attractions, etc., prepare an advertisement which can be read over the radio to attract more tourists to this country. Remember: Baghdad has been the scene of a lot of violence during the past few years, so you may want to assure potential visitors that they will be safe and that their visit will be well worthwhile. Try to make the presentation as appealing as possible. You have your work cut out for you.

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NAME:

Before You Read

...................

Saddam Hussein 1. Match the words in the box below with the correct statement. satisfied       interrogator       security   immense turmoil abandon assassinate       overthrow

1

Large, huge.

A

2

Great commotion, confusion, or disturbance.

B

3

To leave behind.

C

4

To murder (especially a prominent person).

D

5

One who questions another person.

E

6

Protection against danger.

F

7

To be content with what one is or has.

G

8

To put an end to by force.

H

2. Saddam Hussein was in the news for a number of years - often for the wrong reasons. What do you already know about this famous world leader? ©

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Saddam Hussein

S

addam Hussein ruled Iraq with an iron fist from July 16, 1979 until he was finally overthrown in 2003. World leaders have compared him to Adolf Hitler and have called him a “monster” and a “man without pity”. Yet who was this man who caused so much turmoil and bloodshed in the Middle East? What do we know about his background and his early life? How did such a “monster” rise to such power in one of the world’s more important countries? Saddam Hussein was born on April 28, 1937 in the Iraqi village of Auja, 100 miles north of Baghdad. His home was a simple hut made of mud and reeds. No family in Auja had electricity or running water at that time. When Saddam’s father abandoned the family, his mother married a local peasant who treated young Saddam very cruelly. It wasn’t until Saddam was ten years old, when he was sent to live with an uncle in Baghdad, that he finally started school. It was this uncle, Khayrallah Tulfah, who filled Saddam with a hatred of western nations.

Do you think Saddam would have risen to such power if he had remained in Auja until he was an adult? Give a reason for your answer.

In 1957, when Saddam was 20 years old, he joined the Baath Party. The Baath Party was a political movement that hated Western countries like the United States and Great Britain. Within two years Saddam was involved in a failed plot to assassinate the leader of Iraq and had to flee for his life. When the Baath Party finally overthrew Iraq’s government, Saddam returned and became their interrogator and torturer.

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Saddam Hussein Saddam worked his way up in the Baath Party, and when his cousin became President in 1968, he became the government’s number two man. Saddam, however, was not satisfied, and worked toward his one goal – becoming the leader of his country. This happened on July 16, 1979, when he pushed his cousin aside and took over the presidency.

What advantage would there be for Saddam in being Iraq’s President instead of the number two man?

After assuming power Saddam suspected that a number of his friends were not as loyal as they should be. Several of these men were arrested and executed. Saddam created a number of security agencies to spy on people throughout Iraq. Large pictures of Saddam began to appear all over and he made his birthday a national holiday. Soon after taking control of Iraq he led his country into war with his neighbor, Iran. It was a bloody war that lasted for eight long years and took the lives of 200,000 Iraqi soldiers. At about the same time as this horrible war ended, other troubles started when the Kurdish tribes in the north began an uprising. Saddam sent troops who used poisonous gas against the rebels. Thousands of Kurds died. Saddam Hussein was certainly one of the most brutal rulers in modern history a man whose decisions cost the lives of thousands of his own countrymen. It was this man – Saddam Hussein, who was to lead his people into the ill-fated invasion of Kuwait, and was responsible for the terrible results that followed.

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NAME:

After You Read

...................

Saddam Hussein



1. Circle the word True if the statement is True or   Circle  the word False if it is FALSE.

a) Although he became President of Iraq, Saddam Hussein was actually born in Egypt.



True

False

True

False

e) Soon after taking power, Saddam led his country into war with Syria.



False

d) Saddam’s one goal was to live and work in the United States.



True

c) Saddam only started school when he went to live with his uncle in Baghdad.



False

b) Saddam was born into a poor family who lived in a small village.



True

True

False

f) After a bloody war with Iran, Saddam was faced with a rebellion by the Kurdish people of Iraq.



True

False

2. From this biography of Saddam Hussein, briefly note five key events from his life and career in the order they happened.

1.



2.



3.



4.



5.

©

22

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NAME:

Before You Read

...................

Invasion of Kuwait 1. The war between Iraq and Kuwait was between two countries whose oil reserves are among the largest in the world. What do you think might be a reason for two such countries going to war?



©

2. Match each word to its definition. You may use the dictionary to help you. 1

export

To destroy.

A

2

probable

The act of setting upon a course of action.

B

3

destruction

Likely.

C

4

deposed

Head of state in some Islamic countries.

D

5

emir

The choice or best.

E

6

resolution

To ship products to another country.

F

7

elite

To overthrow a ruler.

G

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ReadinG PassaGe

...................

Invasion of Kuwait uwait is a small, oil-rich country that borders on southeastern Iraq. It is much smaller than Iraq, with a population of only about 3 million people. The discovery of oil in Kuwait in the 1930s led it to becoming one of the richest countries in the Persian Gulf region. By 1952 it had become the area’s largest exporter of oil. Scientists believe it has the world’s fifth-largest proven oil reserves. Modern Kuwait has been an independent nation since 1961.

K

Kuwait City

In the summer of 1990 Saddam Hussein decided to invade Kuwait and make it Iraq’s 19th province. Iraq and Kuwait had been arguing over the border between them for years. Saddam believed that Kuwait should be a part of Iraq because before World War I it had been a part of Iraq under the Ottoman Empire. He also accused Kuwait of selling too much cheap oil, which brought the prices of Iraq’s oil down, and of stealing his country’s oil by “slant drilling” (sticking long oil pipes beneath the Iraqi border). It is more probable that the main reason for the invasion was Iraq’s need for cash. In the 1980s the country had run up a huge debt because of their eight-year war with Iran, and they needed money in the worst way. During the Iran-Iraq war Kuwait had loaned billions of dollars to Iraq to help them and when the war finally ended, had demanded repayment.



Why do you think that Saddam Hussein thought that Kuwait should not have asked to be repaid for their loan to Iraq?

Following the war with Iran, Iraq was recognized as having the most powerful military in the Gulf area. In the summer of 1990 Saddam demanded $27 billion dollars from Kuwait and threatened to invade the little country if they refused. Unfortunately, no other countries took him seriously. On August 2, 1990 an Iraqi force of about 120,000 soldiers and approximately 2,000 tanks and armored vehicles invaded Kuwait, leaving a trail of destruction behind them. The smaller Kuwaiti army was powerless to stop the invaders and many of their 20,000 soldiers were killed or captured. Saddam Hussein removed the emir of Kuwait, Jaber Al-Sabah, and installed his own governor. ©

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Invasion of Kuwait The other countries in the area, like Saudi Arabia, looked on in fear as more and more Iraqi soldiers, including the elite Republican Guard, moved south toward the border with their own country. The Iraqis now seemed to be getting ready to invade Saudi Arabia and their rich oil fields. They feared that Saddam was making a bid to control the world’s oil supply. Saddam no doubt thought that nothing would be done about his invasion of Kuwait. He had always gotten away with things like this in the past, and probably thought this time would be no exception. But Saddam Hussein had made a terrible mistake in judgment.

Saudi Arabian King Fahd – Reigned 1982 – 2005

What advantage would there be for Iraq to control the world’s oil supply?

First the United Nations Security Council condemned the invasion, and four days later President George H.W. Bush of the United States sent the first troops and warplanes to the Persian Gulf. This became known as Operation Desert Shield. The United Nations then passed a resolution giving Iraq until January 15, 1991 to get out of Kuwait. Despite world reaction, Saddam did not withdraw his troops, so on January 16, 1991 the Persian Gulf War began. Before it ended thousands of lives would be lost, and much of Kuwait would be left in ruins due to the Iraqi army. ©

25

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NAME:

After You Read

...................

Invasion of Kuwait

1. Circle the word True if the statement is True or Circle the word False



if it is FALSE.

a) Unlike its larger neighbor, Iraq, Kuwait is a desperately poor country.



False

True

False

d) Iraq earned millions of dollars because of their war with Iran.



True

c) Iraq and Kuwait had once been a part of the Ottoman Empire.



False

b) Kuwait has been an independent country since 1812.



True

True

False

e) By the end of its war with Iran, Iraq’s army had shrunk to almost nothing.



True

False

2. Number the events from  1

to

5   in the order they happened in leading

to the invasion of Kuwait.



a) The war between Iran and Iraq finally ends after eight years.





b) Kuwait becomes an independent country.





c) Iraqi troops invade Kuwait.





d) Saddam Hussein accuses Kuwait of “slant drilling” and stealing Iraq’s oil.





e) Kuwait becomes the largest exporter of oil in the Persian Gulf.

3. We have already encountered the names of a number of countries and empires. Circle the ones below that have already played a part in our story. Iran    Ottoman Empire   Russia    United States    Saudi Arabia ©

26

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NAME:

After You Read

...................

Invasion of Kuwait 4. Answer each question with a complete sentence.

a) How did it happen that Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait also frightened the other countries in the Persian Gulf?





b) What action did the United Nations take after the invasion of Kuwait?





c) What was Operation Desert Shield ?



Research At least part of the reason that other countries reacted so strongly to the invasion of Kuwait was the danger of having their supply of oil cut off by Iraq. How important is oil to the economy of a country like the United States? Investigate and prepare a report on the importance of oil products to a Western economy. You might consider such questions as: What products are made from Kuwaiti oil? How much oil is consumed every day in the United States? How many jobs are tied in with the oil industry? What might happen to a country like the United States if their sources of oil dried up?

©

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Gulf Wars Big Book CC5510

NAME:

Before You Read

...................

The War Begins 1. With a straight line, connect each word on the left with its meaning on the right. A

ruthless

battle

B

protect

cruel

C

support

exactness

D

deadline

alliance

E

coalition

secret

F

critical

safeguard

G

opponent

enemy

H

combat

uphold

I

stealth

important

J

accuracy

last possible moment

2. Weapons of war have certainly undergone some changes during the past century. What are some examples of weapons that are available for use in a war today? 3. What might be considered the “ultimate” weapon today? Why is it so important that such a weapon never be used? ©

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The War Begins

P

eople the world over were very nervous about the idea of facing Saddam Hussein and the ruthless Republican Guard in a war. Saddam, it was said, “simply does not understand fear.” The Iraqi army was believed to number over 1.2 million and supporting them were over 750 fighter planes and bombers. Shortly after the invasion of Kuwait, the United States, under the leadership of George H.W. Bush, began sending troops and military equipment to the Gulf region to help protect other nations in the area, and to protect their sources of oil in the Middle East. This was known as Operation Desert Shield.

Why do you think President Bush gave it the name “Operation Desert Shield”?

The United Nations had told Iraq that it must leave Kuwait by January 15, 1991. The whole world then held its breath. In the meantime a number of nations, including Great Britain, France, and Canada joined the coalition in Operation Desert Shield. When the January 15th deadline passed and Iraq refused to leave Kuwait, President Bush ordered the start of the air attack on Iraqi military targets. Operation Desert Shield had become Operation Desert Storm. Operation Desert Storm began with the most awesome air assault ever. In the first week they flew almost 5,000 missions – losing only ten planes. Tomahawk cruise missiles and “stealth” fighter planes were used for the first time in combat. The “stealth” bombers dropped laser-guided “smart bombs” with pinpoint accuracy. The war against Saddam Hussein and his armies was only beginning. How tough an opponent would the Iraqi army prove to be in this critical next phase of the war – the ground war?

©

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NAME:

After You Read

...................

The War Begins 1. Fill in each blank with the correct word from the reading.

a) It was said that Saddam Hussein simply didn’t understand



b) The Iraqi army was believed to number over million and were supported by fighter planes and bombers.



c) The military build up in the Middle East by the United States and its allies was known



.

d) The purpose of this operation was to protect the nations of the area as well as the



as Operation Desert

.

sources of

.

e) The United



told the Iraqis they must leave Kuwait by January  , 1991.



f) The air attack was directed at Iraqi



2. a) Cross out words that were not a part of Operation Desert Storm.



George H.W. Bush   Bill Clinton   Saddam Hussein   Republican Guard

c) Underline the nation that did not join Operation Desert Shield.



©

stealth bombers   Tomahawk missiles   smart bombs   Spitfire fighter planes

b) Circle any of the following that were not a part of the Persian Gulf War.



targets.

Israel   Great Britain   France   Canada 30

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NAME:

After You Read

...................

The War Begins 3. Answer each question with a full sentence.

a) What advantage was there in the use of stealth bombers?





b) Why do you think the air assault was planned before the ground war began?





c) How many missions were flown by the coalition forces during the war’s first week, and how many planes did they lose as a result?



Research President George H.W. Bush played an important part in the Persian Gulf War. Investigate the life and accomplishments of this man and write a one-page report outlining a few key points about his personal life and political career. Pay special attention to the role he played in the Persian Gulf War.

©

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NAME:

Before You Read

...................

The Ground War 1. Complete each sentence with a word from the list. Use a dictionary to help you. intensify

retaliate

massive

persuade

strategy

neutral



a) A describes a plan, method, or series of maneuvers for obtaining a specific goal or result.



b) A nation that is or war between others.



c) When you are able to to act in a certain way.



d) Something which is



e) 



f) To

does not take part or give assistance in a dispute

a person, you succeed in causing him/her

is extremely huge. means to make more intense. means to get even.

2. President John F. Kennedy once said, ‘Mankind must put an end to war, or war will put an end to mankind.’ Certainly most people would probably agree that war is a terrible thing and should be avoided whenever possible. In your opinion was the Persian Gulf War justified? Defend your answer, imagining the consequences if there had not been a war.

©

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.

The Ground War

O

n only the second day of the war the Iraqis fired eight Scud missiles into the cities of Tel Aviv and Haifa in Israel. It was a clever strategy on Saddam Hussein’s part attempting to bring neutral Israel into the war – a country that was a bitter enemy of many of the Arab nations now allied against Iraq. Saddam knew that if Israel entered the war there would be an excellent chance that many of the Arab nations would rethink their stand against Iraq. Perhaps some of these countries would even switch sides and join him. The United States and its allies, however, were able to persuade Israel not to retaliate against Iraq, and rushed a new weapon to Israel – the Patriot air defense missile system. Altogether Iraq launched over 80 Scud missile General H. Norman Schwarzkopf attacks – many of them at its neighbor, Saudi Arabia. The bombing campaign against Iraq intensified. By the end of the war over 110,000 missions were flown against Iraq, destroying military targets in Baghdad and other Iraqi cities. One of the purposes of the aerial attacks was to “soften up” Saddam’s troops so that when the coalition forces invaded Kuwait, not as many of their soldiers would be killed.

What does it mean to “soften up” Saddam’s troops?

The ground assault began on February 24, 1991, led by General H. Norman Schwarzkopf, the commander of the allied forces in the Gulf.  A huge battle was expected because the Iraqis were well dug-in and armed with Russian-made tanks and modern machine guns. The coalition forces also knew that they were facing the world’s fourth largest army. The allied troops were totally (and pleasantly) surprised when the Iraqi forces immediately began surrendering by the thousands. Many of these soldiers were worn down by the bombardment and some, in fact, were starving. The Iraqi army officers told the coalition forces that they had never expected the nations of the world to come to Kuwait’s defense. They also thought that Saddam Hussein would have withdrawn his forces long before it came to fighting the massive forces brought to bear against their nation. Saddam didn’t, and as a result thousands of his fellow citizens perished.

©

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NAME:

After You Read

...................

The Ground War

1. Circle the word True if the statement is True or  Circle   the word False if it is FALSE. a) Firing the Scud missiles into Israel was a thoughtless decision by Saddam Hussein. True False

b) Many European nations would have changed sides if Israel had entered the war. True False

c) The United States rushed a number of Scud missiles to Israel for its defense. True False d) By the end of the war over 110,000 bombing missions had flown against Iraq. True False e) One of the purposes of the aerial attacks was to “soften up” Iraqi troops. True False f) Iraq even launched missile attacks against Saudi Arabia. True False

2. Put a check mark (3) next to the answer that is most correct.

a) One of the cities bombed by the coalition forces was:



A. B. C. D.

Geneva Baghdad Belgrade Belarus

b) The military commander of the allied forces was:

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A. B. C. D.

Don Cheney Donald Trump Norman Schwarzkopf Colin Powell 34

Gulf Wars Big Book CC5510

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After You Read

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The Ground War 3. Answer each question with a complete sentence.

a) Why did the Iraqi troops give up so easily?





b) What two things had surprised the Iraqi army officers.



Research In this chapter we were briefly introduced to the commander of the coalition forces – General Norman Schwarzkopf. During the war General Schwarzkopf became known as “Stormin’ Norman” because of his bold tactics. He was a career army man, having served in the Vietnam War where he was decorated for bravery. He was known as a tough but caring commander. Write a brief bio of the general highlighting his military career – especially his role in the Persian Gulf War. Your report should be about a page in length.

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Gulf Wars Big Book CC5510

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Before You Read

...................

Victory! 1. Write each word in the box beside its meaning. estimate               expanse               regard obliterate                resistance              disposal



a) The act of opposing or withstanding.





b) To destroy, abolish, kill.





c) The power or right to control something.





d) An uninterrupted space or area.





e) To calculate approximately.





f) To see as.

2. a) In warfare, how does one side know when they have gained a victory?



b) What is so dangerous about warfare in the 21st Century?



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ReadinG PassaGe

...................

Victory! t was difficult for the coalition forces to believe how little resistance was offered when they advanced into Kuwait. Most soldiers never fired a shot. The military equipment that Saddam Hussein had been so proud of was obliterated. Iraq entered the war with over 4,200 tanks and in a few short weeks had lost about 3,000 of them. The surviving Iraqi troops fled for their lives, using every vehicle at their disposal. Many fleeing soldiers were bombed by coalition planes as they crossed the wide open desert expanses of this region. Reports say that some vehicles were flying white flags of surrender.

I

Kuwait Liberation Medal

Many have asked why Saddam Hussein held on to Kuwait even while warplanes destroyed much of Baghdad and killed thousands of his troops. Some believe that he held out because he felt that even if he lost Kuwait he would still be regarded as a hero in the Arab world – one of the first Arab leaders to stand up to the West.

Why do you think Hussein’s defiance was an important factor to so many Arab people?

Estimates say that about 25,000 Iraqi troops were killed in this brief conflict. In addition, many people in both Kuwait and Iraq were left homeless, their lives shattered. In comparison, although the United States by itself had more than 500,000 troops in the Persian Gulf War, only 148 died in combat. On February 27, 1991, President Bush called a halt to the army’s advance on Baghdad. The fighting ended at midnight of that day. Operation Desert Storm had lasted only 42 days. Military people today regard it as one of the greatest victories of modern warfare. Still, many others wondered what had really been settled. Saddam Hussein, the man who was chiefly responsible for the tremendous destruction, was still in power, and in the eyes of many people he was more firmly established than ever.

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37

Gulf Wars Big Book CC5510

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After You Read

...................

Victory! 1. Fill in each blank with the correct word or phrase from the reading.

a) When the coalition forces entered Kuwait, most never fired



b) Of Iraq’s 4,200 tanks,



c) It is possible Saddam Hussein felt he would be regarded as a



.

were destroyed in the war.

the Arab word for standing up to the

in

.



d) Estimates say that approximately



e) In comparison,



f) The war came to an end on February



g) Operation Desert Storm had lasted only



2. Put a check mark (✔) next to the word that best completes the sentence:



American troops were killed in combat in the war. ,

. days.

a) Fleeing Iraqi soldiers must have felt



Iraqi troops were killed in this war.

A. terrified. B. hilarious.

b) Saddam Hussein saw himself as a



A. villain. B. hero.

3. Following the 42 day war describe how you think most Americans would have felt. ©

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After You Read

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Victory! 4. a) Describe what you think about the reports of fleeing Iraqi soldiers being killed by coalition forces even though some were flying white flags.



b) Do you think it was a good idea for the coalition forces to stop advancing on Baghdad when they did, or should they have tried to get rid of Saddam Hussein? Please explain your answer.



Research Armed forces from 34 countries joined the United States in the Gulf War. Many of these were from the Middle East – countries worried that they might be next on Saddam Hussein’s ‘invasion list’. There were also many other countries from Europe, Asia and North America who helped in this war – Australia, Denmark, Pakistan, and the Republic of Korea just a few examples. Your task is to choose one of the 34 countries and investigate the contributions this country made to the war effort. Did they send soldiers? Equipment? Funds? How much did they contribute? Were any of their soldiers killed in action? What did their countrymen back home think of their involvement? There are many questions you might consider in researching the involvement of your choice of country. Prepare a one-page report summarizing the contributions of the country of your choice.

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39

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NAME:

Before You Read

...................

Aftermath 1. Use a dictionary to look up the word extinguish. Write the definition on the lines below. The definition of extinguish is:



2. Synonyms are words with similar meanings. Use the context of the sentences below

to help you choose the best synonym for the underlined word in each sentence. If you cannot determine the meaning from the context, consult a dictionary.



a) The bombardment caused extensive damage to the city.



2. compensation

3. rent

4. a fine

1. restful

2. expensive

3. embarrassing

4. educational

1. agree

2. scream

3. fight

4. yield

1. map

2. assistant

3. weapon

4. plan

f) After a long fight with the neighbor’s pit bull, our collie began to retreat.



©

1. duty

e) No one could fault the general’s strategy.



4. localized

d) When he was pinned to the mat the wrestler was forced to surrender.



3. fiery

c) It was a most humiliating experience.



2. minimal

b) The United Nations said that Iraq must pay reparations.



1. considerable

1. win

2. withdraw

3. lose

40

4. yelp

Gulf Wars Big Book CC5510

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ReadinG PassaGe

...................

Aftermath lthough the Persian Gulf War was over, many problems remained in the Gulf region. When the Iraqi troops were retreating from Kuwait they set fire to hundreds of oil wells. Many firefighters from the United States were brought in to put out the fires, but it would be months before all the fires were finally extinguished. Kuwait City had also been looted and trashed by the Iraqi troops.

A

Oil fires

The heavy aerial bombardment by the United States and its allies also caused extensive property damage in Baghdad and other Iraqi cities. Bridges, buildings, roads, power stations by the score had been destroyed. A public health crisis also loomed with the destruction of water and sanitation facilities. On March 3, 1991, about a week after President Bush halted military action, Iraqi generals agreed to surrender terms. The United Nations said that Iraq must give up all claims to Kuwait and pay war reparations.

Do you think the United Nations should have called Saddam Hussein to account for his decision to invade Kuwait?

Despite the humiliating defeat, Saddam remained President of Iraq. Posters sprang up all over Baghdad praising him as “the son of all Iraqi mothers”. Many Iraqis had difficulty accepting the fact that the Americans and their allies found it necessary to destroy so much of their country when President Bush stated that it was only the Iraqi leadership they had a problem with. In the United States feelings of patriotism were mixed with a sincere appreciation for what the troops did in the Middle East. General Schwarzkopf was praised for his military strategy and leadership. The Persian Gulf War of 1990 – 91 was over, but as history would bear out, the turmoil of the region had merely turned the page to another tragic and bloody chapter.

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41

Gulf Wars Big Book CC5510

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After You Read

...................

Aftermath 1. Put a check mark (3) next to the answer that is most correct.

a) According to the article, when retreating from Kuwait the Iraqi troops set fire to:









A. B. C. D.

airports, schools parks, power stations dams, bridges buildings, roads



A. B. C. D.

a month three days a week five weeks



A. B. C. D.

hospitals and clinics water and sanitation facilities airports and train stations public dumps

e) Firefighters were called in from:



©



d) A public health crisis loomed in Iraq because of the destruction of:





oil wells government buildings ammunition dumps airports

c) How long after President Bush halted military action did the Iraqi generals agree to surrender terms?





A. B. C. D.

b) What were two of the things mentioned in the article that were destroyed by aerial bombardment?









A. B. C. D.

the United States Canada Great Britain Russia 42

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Aftermath 2. Answer each question with a complete sentence.

a) Why did many Iraqis have trouble accepting what President Bush said about the war on Iraq when at the same time so much property was destroyed?



b) How was the war and its conclusion greeted by most Americans?



Research S omething known as Gulf War Syndrome has been in the news since the Persian Gulf War. It is still a rather controversial subject. Many of the veterans returning from the Persian Gulf War began complaining of a mysterious illness. Were they ill because of chemical toxins released by the Iraqi army? Write a one-page report describing this illness, its symptoms, possible causes, and what is being done for the veterans who suffer with this malady.

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1

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A Day in the Life

I

t sounds like Saddam Hussein had quite a rough life as a young boy growing up in the village of Auja, Iraq. His family was poor, and his father was not a part of his life. Many young boys and girls grew up in small Iraqi villages at the same time as Saddam. Many had the same disadvantages he did, yet they grew up to be fine, productive citizens. Your task is to investigate the life of the average boy or girl growing up in small-town Iraq during the 20th century. You may wish to consider some of the following questions: • In what kind of a house would he/she live? • What might his/her parents do for a living? • What kinds of food would they have for meals? • What kinds of recreational activities would he/she engage in? • What kind of education could he/she expect? • What might their social life be like? • What role would religion play in their life? • What kinds of clothing would he/she wear? Once you have completed your investigation, compile a report and write it in the first person – as a young Iraqi boy or girl would write it. Your main goal is to give the reader a real taste of what it might have been like to grow up in Iraq – especially with regard to daily life. Your report should be between one and two pages long. You may wish to include a picture or two to add to the presentation.

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2

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Iraq Map

F

or this activity you will need to find a good map of Iraq (or maybe even two or three!). You may be able to find such a map in your school library or on the internet. Using the map, answer the following questions as best you can. 1. What are the names of the two major rivers which flow through Iraq?

    

2. What is the name of the large body of water lying to the northwest of the city of Baghdad? (Hint: It is the largest body of water in Iraq.) 3. What is the name of the mountain range in the northeast region of Iraq? 4. a) What country borders Iraq to the east?

b) What countries border Iraq to the south?

 

5. What is the name of the desert that is located in the western area of Iraq? 6. Circle the city which is not located in Iraq.

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Baghdad    Mosul    Karbala    Al Basrah    Damascus

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3

...................

Oil – From Ground to Family Car

M

any believe that the Persian Gulf War would never have been fought if the region had no oil. Would Iraq have had a good enough reason to invade Kuwait without the lure of their neighbor’s oil fields? Would the coalition forces have driven out the Iraqis if they hadn’t felt that their source of oil was being threatened by Saddam Hussein and his army? Oil is a tremendously important factor in the lives of North Americans and has been for almost one hundred years now. It heats our homes, powers our cars, and fuels our factories. From our readings in this unit we know that under the sands of the Middle East (including the countries of Iraq and Kuwait) lies one of the world’s great sources of crude oil. How, though, is this fuel retrieved from far below the earth and processed into a liquid that will power an automobile or heat a home? Your task is to research the process whereby oil is extracted from the ground and then processed into a fuel that can run machinery. Explain it step-by-step in terms simple and clear enough so that your classmates will have no trouble understanding. A labeled diagram or two might be helpful. Finally, report your findings to the class. “The use of solar energy has not been opened up because the oil industry does not own the sun.” ~ Ralph Nader

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4

...................

Artistic Flair

F

or this Hands-on Activity you have a menu of options. Choose one of the menu items below:

A.  A Comic Strip This activity is especially for students with an artistic flair or who love comic books! Your topic can be on the Persian Gulf War in general, or you may focus on one aspect of it (i.e. the life of Saddam Hussein). The first step is to decide on the length of your comic strip (6 to 12 frames is suggested). Next consider what events you will include. A quick sketch of the comic strip can first be drawn in a storyboard format before a final, good copy is attempted. The strip should include a title, dialog, and color. It should be neat and imaginative. B.  A Poster Posters are a wonderful way of attracting attention and getting people to think about a particular topic. You are to do a poster (using 11” by 17” paper) on some aspect of the Persian Gulf War. You may wish to consider the following ideas: • a recruitment poster for the United States Army • a Wanted Dead or Alive poster for Saddam Hussein • a Dream of Peace poster • a poster advertising for firefighters to put out the oil well fires • a weapons manufacturer’s poster advertising one of its weapons of war Your poster should be in living color. It should be neat and attractive and feature a title and important information. C.  A Detailed Picture or Diorama Your final choice is to do either a detailed picture or diorama of some aspect of the Persian Gulf War. Possible subjects might include an oil well, Saddam Hussein’s childhood home, palace or military bunker in Baghdad, a weapon of war, or one of the coalition military personnel in uniform (or in action).

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NAME:

After You Read

...................

Crossword Puzzle! 1

Word List ally

Ottoman

Arabia

reeds

Auja

Saddam

Baath

Scud

Baghdad

Shield

bear

sign

bomb

sky

Bush

stealth

HH

Storm

Iraq

Tigris

Kuwait

Tomahawk

loan

USA

4

5

7 9 11 12 13 16

14

15

17 18 19

20

21

22

23 24

year

25

Down

Across 2. Operation Desert

1. Saddam’s childhood house was made of mud and .

.

4. Iraqi River.

2. Operation Desert

6. A high tech bomber.

.

3. Abbrev. Initials of President Hubert Humphrey.

7. Where planes fly.

4. A missile.

9. Iraqi city.

5. Stop

10. Middle Eastern country.

6.

11. Saddam’s hometown. 14. Before 1900 Iraq was a part of 16. Desires. 18. A friend in times of difficulty. 21. Many of these fell on Baghdad during this war.

.

. Hussein.

8. Iraq invaded this nation. 9. Saddam’s political party. 12. The

Empire.

13. Large North American country. 15. A resource found in Iraq and Kuwait.

23. American President during the Persian Gulf War.

17. Missile fired into Israel during war.

24. Saudi

20. Usually it’s 365 days long.

25. Stormin’

8

10

oil

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3

6

Mesopotamia wishes Norman

2

. .

19. A bank may

you money.

22. This animal may be found in the mountains of Iraq.

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Word Search Find all THIRTY words in the Word Search. Words are written horizontally, vertically, diagonally, and some are even written backwards. Arabic Babylon Baghdad Bedouin coalition combat

©

desert equipment Euphrates guard Hussein Iraq

Israel Kurds Kuwait missiles operation Ottoman

peninsula Persian republican ruthless Saddam Schwarzkopf

shield stealth storm strategy Tomahawk victory

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After You Read

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Comprehension Quiz



30

Part A   Circle the word True if the statement is True or  Circle  the word False if it is

8

FALSE. 1. Iraq is about the same size as the state of New York. TRUE



FALSE

2. The people living in northeastern Iraq are the Kurds. TRUE



FALSE

3. Saddam Hussein accused Kuwait of “slant drilling” beneath its border to steal Iraqi oil. TRUE



FALSE

4. Saddam Hussein was a member of the Baath Party. TRUE



FALSE

5. At the start of the Gulf War Iraq had over 5 million soldiers and 2,500 fighter planes. TRUE



FALSE

6. At the beginning of the war Iraq fired Scud missiles into Israel and Saudi Arabia. TRUE



FALSE

7. Although the coalition forces were victorious, the war lasted almost two whole years. TRUE



FALSE

8. The Iraqi people were most grateful that their capital city, Baghdad, had been spared any bombing by the coalition forces. TRUE



FALSE

Part B 3

Circle the three countries that are not located in the Gulf region. Korea   Iran   Ethiopia   Kuwait   Saudi Arabia   Pakistan   Iraq

SUBTOTAL: ©

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Part C

After You Read

...................

Comprehension Quiz

Answer the questions in complete sentences.

1. List two possible reasons as to why Saddam Hussein invaded Kuwait.

4



2. What is the name of the nomadic people, many of whom live in the deserts of Iraq?

2



3. Before the Persian Gulf War began the United States rushed thousands of troops and military equipment to the area. What did this operation become known as?

2



4. What do you think were two clear advantages the coalition forces had over the Iraqis in this war?

4



5. What was shocking to the coalition forces about how the ground war in Kuwait and Iraq went?

3



6. Although the coalition forces won a clear victory over Iraq, what was disturbing to many people about the aftermath of the war?

4



SUBTOTAL: ©

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Before You Read

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Iraq – Desert, Oil and Saddam Hussein 1. Complete each sentence with a word from the list. Use a dictionary to help you.

unpredictable

Cultivation

minority

Ambition



asset

persecute

civilization

reserves



a) An



b) A

is an advanced state of human society.



c) A

is the opposite of a majority.



d) To

is to harass or oppress because of religion, race, or beliefs.



e) A country’s 



f) 

usually involves a desire for power, fame, wealth or honor.



g) 

is the act of raising or growing plants.



h) If someone is

is a valuable item that is owned.

are items that are saved or set aside.

, no one can be sure how they will act.

2. What comes into your mind when you hear the word Iraq or the phrase Middle East ?



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ReadinG PassaGe

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Iraq – Desert, Oil and Saddam Hussein he geographical area in which the country of Iraq is located has been home to people and civilizations for countless generations. Some of the world’s oldest civilizations and cities, in fact, were located in what is now Iraq. Only since 1921, however, has this land been known as “Iraq”.

T

Iraq is located in southwest Asia and is the world’s 58th largest country. It is roughly twice the size of the state of Kansas. Its population Euphrates River, Iraq (about 27 million) is slightly larger than that of Texas. Although much of Iraq is sandy desert, it is blessed with the presence of two mighty rivers that run through the country – the Tigris and Euphrates. These rivers are major assets to farming in this region. As you might expect in a desert region, Iraq’s summers are very hot – but its winters are quite cool – especially in the mountainous area to the north. The Arabic people, for the most part, control Iraqi society. They make up about three-quarters of the population. Sixty percent of Iraq’s population are Shiite Muslim Arabs. A minority, the Sunni Muslim Arabs, has been the group that has governed the country for most of the past 100 years. The Kurds are the third-largest group, are mostly located in the northeastern corner of the country, and for many years had been persecuted. They are also Sunni Muslims.

How might the presence of different ethnic groups and different Muslim sects spell trouble for Iraq?

Only about half of Iraq’s very limited arable land is under cultivation. Nevertheless, many Iraqis make their living growing such crops as rice, corn, and dates. Many people in Iraq make their living in the oil industry. This is by far the most important industry in the country – and in the entire Middle East region. It is thought that Iraq has the second largest oil reserves in the world, buried under the sands of its deserts. It is this great wealth that has been the source of many of the terrible troubles that Iraq has gone through in the past thirty years – three major wars, and a number of bloody rebellions.

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ReadinG PassaGe

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Iraq – Desert, Oil and Saddam Hussein From 1979 until 2003 Iraq was ruled by the Baath Party and its leader, Saddam Hussein. The Baath Party was known for its hatred of anything Western or American. Saddam Hussein was born in a small remote village, and for most of his adult life had one burning ambition - to become President of Iraq. Shortly after taking control of the country, Hussein had many of his rivals killed or imprisoned, and for the next twenty-five years he ruled the country with an iron fist.

British Soldiers pose with a portrait of Saddam Hussein, taken from a Baath Party building

How might Hussein’s hatred of the West have made difficulties for his country, especially since it is Western nations that buy most of Iraq’s oil?

It wasn’t long after taking control of Iraq that Hussein led his nation into war with neighboring Iran. It was a terrible war that lasted for eight long years and took the lives of 200,000 Iraqi soldiers. It was also terribly expensive, and almost bankrupted the country. Soon after the end of the Iraq-Iran War, the Kurdish tribes in the north began an uprising. Thousands of Kurds died when Iraqi troops used poisonous gas against them. It probably should have come as no surprise to the world when, in 1990, the unpredictable Saddam Hussein made one of the most important decisions (and greatest errors) of his life, and ordered his troops to invade the neighboring country of Kuwait, setting off the Persian Gulf War.

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Iraq – Desert, Oil and Saddam Hussein

1. Match the words in the box below with the correct statement.      Kurds      Sunnis      Baath      Iran

A

The Moslem group that has governed Iraq for much of the last century.

B

One of Iraq’s neighbors.

C

A people living in the mountainous region of northeastern Iraq.

D

The political party to which Saddam Hussein belonged.

2. Put a check mark (3) next to the answer that is most correct.

a) Iraq is about twice the size of:





Rhode Island Alaska California Kansas



A. B. C. D.

Tigris and Euphrates Tiger and Eucalyptus Telus and Utica none of the above

c) Saddam Hussein ruled Iraq from:

©

A. B. C. D.

b) The two rivers running through Iraq are:









A. B. C. D.

1956-2001 1987-1999 1979-2003 1978-2007 55

Gulf Wars Big Book CC5510

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Iraq – Desert, Oil and Saddam Hussein 3. Answer each question with a full sentence.

A) What troubles has the country of Iraq experienced during the past thirty years or so?



B) How do you think Saddam Hussein’s rule might have added to Iraq’s problems?



Research The Middle East has been in the news almost daily for the last several years. Iraq, of course, is just one country of many making up this region of the world. Choose a nation from the list below and compile an Information Sheet on it. You may wish to include on the sheet information about the size of the country, its location, population, agricultural products, industry, etc. Your report should total about a half-page in length. Saudi Arabia    Kuwait    Iran    Israel    Syria    Jordan

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Before You Read

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The Persian Gulf War Answer the question in complete sentences. 1. The great Greek thinker, Aristotle, once said, “We make war so that we may live in peace.” War, however, is a most terrible thing. Do you think it is ever right to go to war? If so, when?



©

2. Match the term on the left to its definition on the right. You may use a dictionary to help you. 1

desperate

to defeat

A

2

massive

friend

B

3

demand

having an urgent need

C

4

fabulous

a person exercising absolute power

D

5

dictator

causing great distress or injury; very unfortunate

E

6

ally

claim as a right; ask for in no uncertain terms

F

7

conquer

large, huge

G

8

disastrous

wonderful

H

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The Persian Gulf War

B

y the summer of 1990 Saddam Hussein had grown rather desperate. He had been Iraq’s president for more than ten years and for most of that time the country had been involved in a terrible war with Iran. Not only had the war cost the lives of thousands of soldiers from both countries, but it had also put Iraq seriously in debt to nations such as Kuwait and Jordan. When the Iraq-Iran War finally came to an end in 1988, Saddam and his government were desperate to rebuild their shattered country. In Saddam’s mind countries like Kuwait, which had supported Iraq in its war against Iran, should have been willing to forgive the massive loans they had made to Iraq. Instead, Kuwait demanded repayment. Although a tiny nation compared to Iraq and Iran, Kuwait was the fifth-largest producer of oil in the world. It was a very rich little country. Saddam was furious. He accused Kuwait of flooding the market with too much oil, forcing the price down. This, he said, was costing Iraq millions of dollars. He then accused them of “slant drilling” by sticking long pipes under the Iraqi border and stealing his oil. Finally, in the summer of 1990 Saddam demanded $27 billion from Kuwait, and when they refused to pay, he decided to invade.

What do you suppose might have been another motive for Saddam wishing to conquer Kuwait?

At the time, Iraq had the fourth largest army in the world. During its war with Iran it had been well equipped with military hardware by countries such as the United States and the Soviet Union. Kuwait was no match for the mighty Iraqi military machine, and the country was conquered in a matter of days.

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The Persian Gulf War The rest of the world looked on in shock. Other countries in the Middle East (such as Saudi Arabia) were afraid that the conquest of Kuwait was just a “warm-up” for Iraq’s troublesome dictator. Could they be next? Saudi Arabia was the world’s largest oil producer and a fabulously wealthy country. Countries such as the United States were afraid that Iraq would cut off their source of oil, driving up prices. This would have been disastrous for the economies of these countries.

What American industries do you think would have been in particular danger if the supply of oil from the Middle East had been cut off?

The Security Council of the United Nations, an international organization working to promote security, development, human rights, and world peace, immediately spoke out against the invasion, calling upon Iraq to withdraw all of its troops. President George H.W. Bush of the United States sent the first American troops and warplanes to the Persian Gulf. This became known as Operation Desert Shield. To the surprise of a lot of world leaders, Saddam Hussein defied the order of the United Nations, and the deadline for withdrawal passed. Saddam Hussein, however, had made a serious error, for on January 16, 1991 the United States and a number of allied nations launched a massive air strike on Iraqi military targets, and the Persian Gulf War (Operation Desert Storm) began. It would be one of the shortest wars on record – only 42 days long, but it was also one of the most deadly. Before the six weeks were over, thousands of lives were lost and much of Kuwait was left in ruins. The Iraqis would indeed be driven from Kuwait, but Saddam Hussein would cling to power and would remain there for another twelve long years.

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The Persian Gulf War 1. Complete each sentence with a word from the list. Use a dictionary to help you. army    Saudi Arabia    States    Nations    Jordan    drilling

a) After its war with Iran, Iraq was in debt to countries such as Kuwait and



b) Hussein accused Kuwait of “slant



c) Iraq had been equipped with military hardware by such countries as the United



.

’’.

.



d) At the time of Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait, it had the fourth largest the world.



e) One of Iraq’s neighbors that was disturbed with the invasion of Kuwait was



in

.



f) The United



2. Break out an atlas – or check out the internet.

gave the Iraqis until January 15, 1991 to leave Kuwait.

You have been introduced to a number of important countries so far in this unit. Find out the capital city for each of these countries:

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a)

Iraq

b)

Iran

c)

Kuwait

d)

Saudi Arabia

e)

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The Persian Gulf War 3. Answer each question with complete sentences.

a) Explain the meaning of the names Operation Desert Shield and Operation Desert Storm.





b) Despite Iraq’s defeat in the Persian Gulf War, why had the war’s outcome not really addressed the most major problem in Iraq?



Research Although the Arabs and Kurds comprise the two major ethnic groups in Iraq, there are a number of smaller distinct groups as well. Examples include: Iraqi Turkmen, Assyrians, Armenians, Persians, Shabaks and Lurs. Select one of these ethnic minorities and prepare a short report describing things about them that make them different or distinct. You may wish to consider such things as origins, clothing, diet, culture, language, etc. Your report should be about a half-page in length.

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World Terrorism 1. Using the words in the box, write each word beside its meaning. stockpiles      manufacture      contend suspicious motivate axis destruction      ethnic

A

belonging to the cultural, racial, religious, or linguistic traditions of a people

B

to struggle, dispute, compete

C

to cause or prompt

D

to suspect or distrust

E

to make or produce

F

to destroy or demolish

G

a supply for future use

H

an alliance of two or more nations

2. In the upcoming chapter a character named Osama bin Laden is mentioned. What do you already know about this man? ©

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World Terrorism

T

he Middle East area has long been a troubled region of the world. It is home to a number of different languages, ethnic groups and religions. For generations many of the countries and peoples there have been ill-treated by Western nations – even before the discovery of oil in the region. In some ways the discovery of oil has only added to the problems faced by the people living in this mostly desert region – they now have to face foreigners trying to take advantage of them, as well as rulers motivated by greed and personal ambition. Although the world was no stranger to acts of terror, the events on September 11, 2001 made the entire World Trade Center in New York City on 9/11 world sit up and take notice. On that dark day two planes were flown into the World Trade Center in New York City, another into the Pentagon in Washington D.C., and a fourth plane was forced down in Pennsylvania. Two thousand nine hundred ninety-three people lost their lives, and an international terrorist organization known as al-Qaeda was deemed responsible.

How do you think these acts of terrorism contributed to America’s decision to attack Iraq?

Ten years had passed between the end of Persian Gulf War (which ended in 1991) and the events of September 11, 2001. In those ten years the United Nations had ordered Iraq to get rid of its programs aimed at developing poisonous gases and nuclear bombs. United Nations inspectors had been sent to Iraq to check sites that looked suspicious, but the Iraqi government did not cooperate in the way the inspectors would have liked. In 1998 US President Bill Clinton ordered a series of air strikes against targets where it was believed weapons of mass destruction were being made. After this, no inspections were conducted for four years, a fact that made the United States very uneasy. Was Iraq making an atomic bomb? At the time no one knew for sure.

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World Terrorism The United States and other Western nations knew that Osama bin Laden was the leader of the terrorist group that carried out the 9/11 attacks. Bin Laden was a millionaire from Saudi Arabia whose headquarters was believed to be in Afghanistan. However, President George W. Bush made it known that Saddam Hussein and his Iraqi government were suspected of supporting terrorist groups such as al-Qaeda. In a 2002 speech Bush called Iraq a member of the “axis of evil” – along with Iran and North Korea. He also began to publicly call for military action to be taken against Iraq. He told people in the United States and around the world that he believed Iraq was manufacturing weapons of mass destruction (poisonous gas, nuclear bombs) and that Saddam Hussein was supporting al-Qaeda. The American government said that they had evidence that Iraq had large stockpiles of chemical weapons and was actively seeking materials to make nuclear weapons.

Do you think President Bush’s reasons for going to war were convincing?

Many countries in Europe and elsewhere in the world did not support America’s call for military action. Countries such as France, Germany, and Russia suggested that more time should be given for the weapons inspectors to go through the questionable sites in Iraq. Iraq finally let the weapons inspectors back into the country in November 2002. After three months of inspections no weapons of mass destruction had been found. However President Bush and his government still did not consider Hussein to be completely cooperative, and the path to war seemed unstoppable.

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World Terrorism

1. Circle the word True if the statement is True or   Circle  the word False if it is FALSE.

a) The Middle East has been a relatively peaceful area of the world for centuries.



True

False

True

False

e) In 1998 President Bill Clinton ordered a series of air strikes on Iraq.



False

d) Despite the protests of the United Nations, no weapons inspectors were ever allowed into Iraq.



True

c) It is believed that Osama bin Laden masterminded the events of 9/11.



False

b) Altogether four planes were hijacked during the events of 9/11.



True

True

False

f) It is believed that Osama bin Laden’s headquarters was in Afghanistan.



True

False

2. What were the two main reasons given by President George W. Bush for invading Iraq?

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World Terrorism 3. Answer each question with a complete sentence.

a) Why were some countries (like France and Germany) not so sure that the Americans should have invaded Iraq when they did?





b) President Bush called Iraq and two other countries an “axis of evil”. Which two other countries did he include in this description, and what do you think he meant by this statement?



Research George W. Bush Not many presidents of the United States could make the claim that their father was also a former president. President George W. Bush could make that claim. His father, George H.W. Bush was president from 1989-1993. George W. Bush became president in 2001 and served until 2009. His presidency will be remembered for the events of 9/11 and the Iraq War. Your task is to write a brief biography of President George W. Bush. Be sure to include important facts regarding his personal and public life and his accomplishments as president. Your report should be about a half-page in length.

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Last Moves 1. Imagine that you are an Iraqi citizen at the time that the American forces are preparing to invade your country. Describe how you might feel and what preparations you would make for such an event.



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2. Match each word to its definition. You may use the dictionary to help you.

1

conflict

all right, satisfactory, tolerable

A

2

aftermath

an alliance

B

3

acceptable

something that results or follows from an event

C

4

personnel

entrance to take possession or overrun

D

5

invasion

a person that is harmed or killed as a result of some act or event (often in wartime)

E

6

coalition

fight, battle or disagreement

F

7

casualty

a body of persons employed in an organization

G

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Last Moves

T

he main ally of the United States during this crisis was Great Britain. During the difficult days of the war and its aftermath, Britain and its Prime Minister Tony Blair worked hand-in-hand with the Americans. The military leaders of the United States asked the leadership of the country of Turkey for permission to launch attacks against Iraq from their territory. Turkey Tony Blair had long been an ally of the United States, and as a Moslem country, the Americans believed that involving Turkey would make the attack on Iraq more acceptable to other Moslem countries in the region. However, Turkey refused to give their permission, and the United States was forced to use Kuwait as the place from which they would launch the invasion. Even though the United States and Britain did not have the complete support of the United Nations, they began gathering together a coalition force in Kuwait. The United Nations urged the Americans to give the weapons inspectors more time to complete their work in Iraq. By then the American military force in Kuwait numbered nearly 250,000 personnel. There were also about 45,000 British personnel, 2,000 Australian troops, 1,300 Spanish soldiers, 500 Danish soldiers and 200 Polish soldiers. Pressing on the coalition military leaders was the fact that if they were going to invade Iraq they would have to do it before the summer weather got too hot. Temperatures in Iraq can soar to more that 120ºF (50ºC) in the summer.

Why do you think more countries did not support the Americans in this war?

On March 19, 2003 the United States launched an air strike in an effort to kill Saddam Hussein. The Americans believed that Hussein was attending a meeting in a bunker just outside Baghdad. It turned out, though, that there was no bunker in this location, and a number of civilian casualties resulted from the bombardment. The next day, on March 20th, the invasion of Iraq, codenamed Operation Iraqi Freedom, and led by General Tommy Franks, had begun.

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Last Moves 1. Circle the word True if the statement is True or Circle the word False



if it is FALSE.

a) The main ally of the United States at the time was France.



False

True

False

d) The United States was grateful for the full support of the United Nations Security Council.



True

c) The United States asked Syria if they could use their country to attack Iraq from.



False

b) The Prime Minister of Great Britain in 2003 was Tony Blair.



True

True

False

e) The Americans comprised more than three-quarters of the total coalition forces at the start of the war. [Get out your calculators!]



True

False

2. Number the events from  1

to

5   in the order they happened.





a) A coalition force of nearly 300,000 armed forces personnel gathers in Kuwait.





b) As war looms, Great Britain is the biggest supporter of the U.S.





c) Operation Iraqi Freedom begins on March 20, 2003.





d) An air strike to kill Saddam Hussein is launched, but fails.





e) The U.S. asks Turkey if they could use their country to attack Iraq from.

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Last Moves 3. Answer each question with a complete sentence.

a) Why did the United Nations Security Council not want the coalition forces to take action against Iraq?



b) Why do you think hot weather would be a problem for the military?



c) What do you think the Americans hoped might happen if they were able to kill Saddam Hussein before launching the invasion?



Research The reading mentions that the commander of the coalition forces was General Tommy Franks, the head of U.S. Central Command. Using resources in your school library or on the internet, find out more about this man. Record at least five important details about his life and career. You may wish to record personal data, or information on his military career – or a mix of the two. You report should be about a half-page in length.

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Operation Iraqi Freedom 1. With a straight line, connect each word on the left with its meaning on the right. A

campaign

to stop

1

B

expert

to put down or suppress.

2

C

earnest

chief officer or leader

3

D

awe

to move or bring forward

4

E

topple

a military operation

5

F

prevent

a person with a special skill

6

G

expect

sincere

7

H

commander

feeling of admiration or fear

8

I

advance

to conquer or defeat

9

J

oppress

to look forward to

10

2. The coalition’s military invasion of Iraq was given the name Operation Iraqi Freedom. Do you feel this is a suitable name? Defend your answer. 3. The coalition forces felt that the Iraqi people would welcome them as liberators. Do you feel there was a good chance of this happening? Why or why not?

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Operation Iraqi Freedom

T

he military strategy for Operation Iraqi Freedom was different from the strategy for the Persian Gulf War. Instead of a long bombing campaign before the invasion, the air attack and invasion were planned for the same time. The Americans also used a much smaller military force for this war. Some military experts even felt that the invasion force was too small to win such a war. These experts knew that although the Iraqi army had grown weaker over the years, it still numbered about 400,000 men. After the bombing attack that was meant to kill Saddam Hussein, the Iraqi army began firing surface-to-surface missiles at coalition bases in Kuwait and setting fire to oil wells in southern Iraq. On the night of March 21, 2003, coalition forces streamed into southern Iraq and a massive aerial assault was launched against the capital city of Baghdad, destroying many important military targets. These air attacks were referred to as a “shock and awe” campaign. This alone, though, did not topple Hussein’s government.

Why do you think the American military thought they could win this war with fewer soldiers than they had used in the Persian Gulf War?

The coalition forces quickly captured two airfields in western Iraq to prevent them from launching Scud missile attacks against Israel – as they had in the Persian Gulf War in 1991. The strategy of the coalition commanders was to bypass most of the major cities in the south and focus on taking Baghdad, the capital city and the center of Saddam Hussein’s authority in the country. Coalition armies would first be met by cheering crowds, but also quickly came to face massive civil disorder and chaos.

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Operation Iraqi Freedom 1. Fill in each blank with the correct word from the reading.

a) A lengthy campaign before the invasion of Iraq was not planned by the coalition leaders this time.



b) The military planners of Operation Iraqi Freedom planned the land invasion and the attack for the same time.



c) The Americans also had a much the 1991 Persian Gulf War.



d) It was thought that the Iraqi army numbered about



e) The first coalition bombing attack was an attempt to kill



f) The war began on



2. Circle  the correct answers.



force compared to that in

men. .

 , 2003.

a) The air attack on Baghdad was called:



steel rain   shock and awe   punishment alley   freedom fighters



b) The coalition forces were afraid the Iraqis would fire these into Israel:







c) Coalition strategy was to bypass the smaller cities and concentrate on:



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Scud missiles   Patriot missiles   stealth bombs   hand grenades

Damascus   Karbala   Dahuk   Baghdad

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Operation Iraqi Freedom 3. Answer each question with complete sentences.

a) Why do you think the Iraqis set fire to their own oil wells?





b) Why do you think the Americans were so concerned about Israel staying out of the war?





c) Why do you think coalition leaders expected the conflict to end quickly and without much effort? Why didn’t it?



Research The Prime Minister of Great Britain at this time was Tony Blair. It was Prime Minister Blair who provided much in the way of military assistance and moral support to the Americans in this war. He was Prime Minister from 1997 to 2007. Blair is the British Labor Party’s longest-serving Prime Minister and the only person to have led the Labor Party to three consecutive general election victories. Write a brief report (about one-half page) about Prime Minister Blair’s life and accomplishments.

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The Fall of Baghdad 1. Complete each sentence with a word from the list. Use a dictionary to help you. outskirts discouraged

desperate elite

protective retreat

parachuted interior



a) The Iraqi army began to



b) The Republican Guard divisions were the Hussein’s army.



c) My parents bought a house on the



d) I think she was very



e) The soldiers were required to wear



f) After being locked in the hot building all day, my cat became so that she began to drink from the toilet.



g) After checking the outside of the apartment building, the inspectors moved into the .



h) The 14th Airborne Division

as the coalition forces approached the city. soldiers in Saddam

of Chicago. after losing her fifth straight tennis match. suits when entering the lab.

into the mountains surrounding the city.

2. Albert Einstein once said about war: “I know not with what weapons World War III will be fought, but World War IV will be fought with sticks and stones.” What do you think the great scientist meant? ©

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The Fall of Baghdad

T

he commanders of the coalition forces thought that the Iraqi army’s strategy would be to keep on retreating before making a final desperate stand in Baghdad – Iraq’s capital city and Saddam Hussein’s headquarters. Six divisions of the elite Iraqi Republican Guard were stationed on the outskirts of Baghdad (a division usually contains between ten and twenty thousand soldiers). Another division of Republican Guard was stationed on the interior of the city. As the coalition forces closed in on Baghdad the fear grew that Saddam Hussein might use chemical or biological weapons. Vaccinations against smallpox and anthrax were given to the coalition soldiers, and many were given protective suits to wear. It turned out that Saddam Hussein and his army commanders had a different strategy in mind. Instead of using the famed Republican Guard, paramilitary units from the southern part of the country were put into battle (a paramilitary unit refers to a group of civilians trained and organized in a military fashion). In addition to the danger these units posed to the coalition armies, the presence of these paramilitary units in the southern part of the country also discouraged local people from welcoming the coalition forces. It therefore became necessary for the Americans and their allies to defeat these paramilitary units before continuing on to Baghdad. British forces led an operation in southern Iraq in the city of Basra, taking control of the city after a fight with Iraqi military and paramilitary forces.

Why do you think Saddam Hussein used this strategy instead of attacking with his Republican Guard?

It was also important for coalition forces to take control of the northern part of the country. The Kurds, who lived in this area, had already promised the Americans support for the invasion. Over 1,000 American soldiers parachuted into this region and captured an important airfield. This then allowed the coalition forces to fly in tanks and other weapons for use in the north. Kurdish and coalition forces were then able to capture Mosul, the largest city in northern Iraq. In early April, only a couple of weeks after the start of the war, coalition forces approached Baghdad and seized the airport. Hussein’s grip on power was gone. The beginning of the end was now in sight.

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The Fall of Baghdad

1. Circle the word True if the statement is True or  Circle   the word False if it is FALSE. a) The commanders of the coalition forces thought the Iraqi army would make a final stand at Baghdad. True False



b) Iraq’s elite army divisions were known as the Republican Guard.



True

False

c) A division in the army usually contains between one and two thousand soldiers. True False d) The coalition forces were worried that Saddam Hussein might use biological weapons against them. True False

e) A paramilitary unit is one that is composed entirely of paratroopers. True False f) The Kurds in the north had promised to fight with the coalition armies. True False

2. Put a check mark (3) next to the answer that is most correct.

a) The largest city in northern Iraq is:



A. B. C. D.

Schwarzkopf Mosul Damascus Kenogami

b) Saddam Hussein’s headquarters was in:

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A. B. C. D.

Mosul Washington D.C. Baghdad he didn’t have a headquarters 77

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The Fall of Baghdad 3. Answer each question with a complete sentence.

a) How did the use of Iraqi paramilitary units in the south complicate the plans of the coalition forces?



b) Why were the American soldiers parachuted into northern Iraq?



Research S addam Hussein relied to a great extent on members of the Republican Guard to defend himself and his regime from the invading forces. Research and record several facts about the Republican Guard that you consider interesting and important. Your report should be about a half-page in length.

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Aftermath 1. Using the words in the box, write each word beside its meaning. tactic

complicated

apparent

stability

civilian

widespread

ancestor

sabotage





a) a person from whom one is descended





b) a person who is not in the military or the police





c) occurring in many places or among many persons





d) to undermine





e) clear, evident





f) a plan or procedure





g) to continue without change; permanence





h) difficult, complex

2. Can you predict what difficulties there might have been in governing Iraq after the war was over?

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Aftermath

U.S.

Marines entered the capital city of Baghdad on April 9, 2003, facing little resistance. One of the first things they did was to help Iraqi civilians tear down a huge statue of Saddam Hussein in the city square. A few days later the city of Tikrit was captured by coalition forces. This was important because Tikrit was the ancestral home of Saddam Hussein. With the fall of the Iraqi government, the problem of looting soon became widespread. The Americans did not have enough troops to properly police the country, and lawlessness became an especially serious problem in cities such as Baghdad. While many Iraqis were glad to see the last of Hussein, his former supporters attacked power stations, oil pipelines and bridges in the hope of sabotaging the American’s hold on the country. Coalition forces also became the target of suicide bombers and snipers.

Why do you think the Iraqis chose these tactics to fight the coalition?

On May 1, 2003 President George W. Bush declared an end to major combat operations in Iraq and stated that “an ally of al-Qaeda had been defeated.” What was disturbing to many people in the months that followed was the discovery that at least two of the major reasons President Bush had used for going to war were proven wrong. No weapons of mass destruction were ever found in Iraq, and there were no clear links between Hussein and the terrorist group al-Qaeda. The aftermath of invading another country and removing its government has proven to be long and difficult. Iraq is a complicated country with different ethnic groups and multiple religious groups who have strong feelings about each other. The people in charge of rebuilding the nation and its government were faced with years of guerrilla warfare and ©

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Aftermath unrest. Even Iraqis who were glad to see the last of Hussein, resented foreign troops patrolling their streets. Car bombings and shootings created even more instability. Saddam Hussein was captured in December of 2003 and executed after a trial in December 2006. Yet even this did not bring an end to the demonstrations, car bombings and unrest. In 2005 Iraqis celebrated after the success of elections for a new constitution and for their first democratically elected government. Still, the country remained unstable, and violence aimed at coalition forces, at the new Iraqi government, and between other political and religious groups and factions continued. In early 2007, President George W. Bush announced a strategy now known as “the surge”, increasing the number of American troops throughout several regions of Iraq in order to provide increased stability and security for the country. At the same time, the Iraqi government, and its army and police forces, were growing in strength. Also, militias made up of ordinary citizens looking to defend themselves and protect their communities were forming. Together, these developments have brought down violence and have helped to provide some desperately needed stability for the country.

Do you think the decline in violence and increased stability in Iraq can last? Why or why not?

By September of 2008, over 545,000 Iraqi security personnel were trained, and the Iraqi government and parliament had begun noting their desire for a timetable for the gradual withdrawal of the coalition forces from the country. It was not until August 31, 2010, that U.S. President Barack Obama declared an official end to the long and costly Iraq war: “Operation Iraqi Freedom is over and the Iraqi people now have lead responsibility for the security of their country.” Only time will tell if this initiative will be successful in bringing peace and stability to this troubled nation.

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Aftermath 1. Fill in each blank with the correct word from the reading.

a) The capture of the city of ancestral home.



b) 



c) The coalition forces did not have enough troops to



d) Hussein’s former supporters attacked power stations, pipelines and

.



e) Coalition forces also became the target of suicide bombers and

.



f) No links were found between Iraq and the terrorist group



g) No weapons of mass

was important because it was Hussein’s

became widespread with the fall of the Iraqi government. the whole country.

.

were ever found.

2. Although it was upsetting that President Bush was wrong about Iraq possessing weapons of mass destruction, how might it also have been a relief to learn this? 3. a) What do you think the goal of Saddam Hussein’s supporters would be in blowing up power stations, etc. – even after it looked like they had lost the war?

b) How do you think you would feel if you were to wake up every morning to the sight of soldiers from another country patrolling the streets of your town or city? Why do you think you would feel this way?



Research The terrorist organization Al-Qaeda is mentioned several times in this unit. It has been on the front pages of American newspapers for the last several years. What exactly though is al-Qaeda? How did it get its start? Who are the leaders? What are its goals? Investigate al-Qaeda using resources in your school library or on the internet. Prepare a half-page report summarizing what al-Qaeda is and what it is trying to accomplish, and by what means.

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A Soldier’s Story 1. The expression ‘torn up’can refer to an emotional state of someone very upset or in real distress. Write a sentence using the expression ‘torn up’.



2. Synonyms are words with similar meanings. Use the context of the sentences below to

help you choose the best synonym for the underlined word in each sentence. If you need help, consult a dictionary.



a) Statistics don’t give the total picture of what happens in combat.



B. explode

C. circulate

D. age

A. driver

B. cook

C. marksman

D. artillery operator

A. bison

B. billy goats

C. yaks

D. horses

A. curtsy

B. scream

C. flinch

D. respond

f) I think he expected it to be a memorable occasion.



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A. leave

e) No one expected her to react the way she did.



D. correspondents

d) Dr. Jones raises stallions at his ranch in Kansas.



C. reporters

c) My cousin was trained as a sniper in the war.



B. newspapers

b) No one expected the suitcase to detonate.



A. numbers

A. party

B. event

C. convention

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A Soldier’s Story

T

he Iraq War changed the lives of thousands of people – not only Iraqis, but Americans, British, Australians, and Poles. It changed forever the lives of many soldiers who went to war in Iraq – and also the wives, children, and parents who stayed behind. Since the war began in 2003, over 4,500 American and coalition soldiers have died in combat in Iraq. In addition, there have been approximately 30,000 wounded. What do these cold, hard figures mean though? What do they mean to the families of the soldiers who died or were badly wounded? Here are just three soldiers who gave their lives in the Iraq conflict: •

 gt Mark P. Adams: 24 years old, killed when a homemade bomb detonated S during combat operations against enemy forces in Saqlawiyah, Iraq

•

Capt. Paul C. Alaniz: 32 years old, died when the CH-53E Super Stallion helicopter he was in crashed near Ar Rutbah in western Iraq

• 2  nd Lt. Tracy Lynn Alger: 30 years old, died of wounds suffered when a roadside bomb detonated near her vehicle in Shubayshen, Iraq

Tracy Alger was one of many female military personnel to fight in Iraq. Why do you think women weren’t allowed into combat situations in most other wars historically?

What is it like to lose a loved one in a war? Soldier Timothy VanDruff lost his stepson, Lucas, to a sniper in Iraq. Here are Timothy’s thoughts as he flew home to tell his wife the news: “The flight from California to Kansas City was rough because I did not know how I was going to react when I saw my wife, knowing she was torn up because she had just lost her son. We had just lost our son. I have never been that sad before. You expect to go home and it be a happy occasion. This time, it wasn’t.” Thousands of people across the United States, Iraq and many other countries have had to face such terrible feelings of grief after losing a loved one in Iraq. Was it all worth it? Now that the war in Iraq has officially ended, how many of the families who lost loved ones in the conflict would agree as to whether the war’s terrible cost was worth the price of peace?

©

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NAME:

After You Read

...................

A Soldier’s Story 1. Put a check mark (3) next to the answer that is most correct.

a) Since the war began in 2003, how many Americans have died in combat in Iraq?









A. B. C. D.

a vehicle accident by a sniper by ‘friendly fire’ by a homemade bomb



A. B. C. D.

Poland Australia Canada Great Britain



A. B. C. D.

3,000 30,000 300,000 None

e) In what city did Timothy VanDruff’s wife live?

©



d) Not including Americans, about how many coalition soldiers were killed in Iraq?





over 4,500 over 10,000 over 20,500 over 100,000

c) In the first paragraph of this chapter four coalition countries are mentioned. Which of the following countries was not a member of the coalition?





A. B. C. D.

b) How was Sergeant Adams killed?









A. B. C. D.

Kansas City Topeka New York City Los Angeles 85

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NAME:

After You Read

...................

A Soldier’s Story 2. Answer each question with complete sentences.

a) What lessons do you think the coalition countries may have learned from their experiences in Iraq?



b)  “A thing is not necessarily true because a man dies for it.”

- Oscar Wilde

What do you think about this quote from Oscar Wilde? Why might the soldiers who died in Iraq have been willing to give their lives for this cause?

Research  at Tillman was a professional football player who volunteered for P service in the Iraq War. Unfortunately he was later killed in a ‘friendly fire’ incident in Afghanistan. His sacrifice made a great impression on many people, and he is remembered as a hero today. Investigate the life of Pat Tillman using either your school library or the internet. Find out at least five interesting facts about him and prepare a report of at least a half-page in length.

©

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Hands-On ActivitY #

1

...................

Post It on a Poster

F

or generations posters have been an effective way of publicizing events, advertising products, and making announcements. Posters have come a long way in the last hundred years. Early posters were only in black ink and rarely featured any artwork. Posters today are in full color and feature all kinds of imaginative, eye-catching graphics and fonts. Your task is to create an imaginative, colorful and effective poster. The poster should in some way be tied in with our study of Iraq and its recent history. You may consider one of the following ideas, or come up with one of your own:

• A recruitment poster for an Iraqi company. Select or make up a company of your choice (perhaps in the oil industry, or in police services) and design a poster intended to attract workers to Iraq. You should probably note that while the pay and benefits are good, the risks may be quite high. • A Wanted Dead or Alive poster for a war criminal (ex. Saddam Hussein before his capture, one of his lieutenants still at large, a terrorist, etc.). • A poster whose purpose is to attract tourists to Iraq. The country still boasts many wonderful historical sites – and accommodations and meals are very reasonably priced. • A poster advertising one of Iraq’s historical sites (ex. Babylon, Saddam Hussein’s Palace, etc.). Be sure your poster is informative, attractive and colorful. It should feature enough information to make it useful. It should also include a picture.

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2

...................

Where in the World...

A

number of countries were mentioned in this study. For this activity you will probably need a few good resources (maybe an atlas, an almanac, an encyclopedia, the internet). This exercise is meant to be fun and to increase your general knowledge of the Middle East. 1. a) Lesson Four mentions that the coalition forces wanted to launch their attack from Turkey. Turkey has an area of 302,535 square miles (783,562 square kilometers). Is Turkey larger or smaller than the state of Alaska?

b) T urkey has a population of approximately 72 million people. How does this compare to Iraq? Which country has the greater population?

2. Poland was mentioned as a country that contributed soldiers to the coalition army. Poland is not a country of the Middle East. Which continent is Poland located on? 3. Iraq’s capital city Baghdad has a population of almost six million people. Circle the two other Iraqi cities below which have a population of over one million. Al-Kut    Arbil    Al-’Amarah    Mosul    As-Samawah 4. Iraq was locked in a long, bloody war with its neighbor, Iran.



• Which country is larger, Iraq or Iran?





• The

Sea is located to the north of Iran.

5. What six countries border Iraq?

©













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Hands-On ActivitY #

3

...................

A Poet’s Soul

The poet doesn’t invent. He listens. - Jean Cocteau

M

any songs and poems have been written over the years describing both the horrors of war and the reasons why people will lay down their lives for a just cause. One very famous song from the American Civil War of the 1860s was written by Frederick Root, called “Just Before the Battle, Mother”, which spoke of the sacrifice that many soldiers were willing to make for a cause they believed in. Here is a portion of the lyrics: Just before the battle, mother, I am thinking most of you, While upon the field we’re watching With the enemy in view. Comrades brave are ‘round me lying, Filled with thoughts of home and God For well they know that on the morrow, Some will sleep beneath the sod. CHORUS: Farewell, mother, you may never Press me to your breast again, But, oh, you’ll not forget me, mother, If I’m numbered with the slain. Hark! I hear the bugles sounding, ‘Tis the signal for the fight, Now, may God protect us, mother, As He ever does the right. Hear the “Battle-Cry of Freedom,” How it swells upon the air, Oh, yes, we’ll rally ‘round the standard, Or we’ll perish nobly there. You have the choice of one of the following two tasks. TASK A. Find a poem or set of lyrics with a “war” theme. It can be a protest song (i.e. “Blowing in the Wind” by Bob Dylan), or a poem or song that speaks of the horrors or the glory of battle. Copy the lyrics onto a sheet of paper and write a paragraph describing your reaction to the song / poem. TASK B. Write your own poem expressing your feelings on war, or one which tells a story about someone’s experiences in wartime. ©

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Hands-On ActivitY #

4

...................

Artistic Flair

F

or this hands-on activity you have a menu of options. Choose one of the menu items below:

A. A Comic Strip This activity is especially for students with an artistic flair or who love comic books! Your topic can be the Iraq War in general, or you may choose to focus on one aspect of it (i.e. the life of Saddam Hussein). The first step is to decide on the length of your comic strip (6 to 12 frames is suggested). Next consider what events you will include. A quick sketch of the comic strip should first be drawn in a storyboard format before a final, good copy is attempted. The strip should include a title, dialog and color. It should be neat and imaginative. B. A Detailed Picture or Diorama Do either a detailed picture or a diorama of some aspect of the Iraq War. Possible subjects might include an oil well; Saddam Hussein’s palace or military bunker in Baghdad; a weapon of war; one of the coalition military personnel in uniform. C. Adding to Your Poem If you completed the previous activity (Hands-On Activity 3) you now have an opportunity to add to the overall effect of the poem and its presentation. Supplement the poem’s presentation with a picture or other suitable visual tools which capture the poem’s theme. The final product should be suitable for posting on a classroom or school bulletin board.

©

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NAME:

After You Read

...................

Crossword Puzzle! 1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14 15 16 18

19

17

20

21 22

23 24 25

Word List

Blair casualty Clinton contest cream crown destruction

dictator Dna end Franks grin Hussein ignore

invasion missiles net Operation Persian Poland Putin

rotate Scud security taste trade united

Down 1. 2. Smile. 3. Large weapons that are shot at a target. 4. Abbreviation for Deoxyribonucleic Acid.

Across 4. Weapons of mass 9.

5. A missile fired by Iraq in the Persian Gulf War.

.

6. Ice

Gulf War.

.

10. Coalition commander General Tommy .

7. Not paid attention to.

11. A ruler with absolute power.

12. Former President Bill

15. European country that was part of the coalition.

13. One wounded or killed in battle.

8. A tool used by fishermen. .

14. Final.

16. Joined. 18. Competition.

15. Russian leader.

22. To revolve or spin.

17. Swap.

23. Raid or incursion by another country.

19. A sense.

24. The act of defending.

20. Worn by a king or queen.

25. Saddam

©

Iraqi Freedom.

.

21. Former Prime Minister of Great Britain. 91

Gulf Wars Big Book CC5510

NAME:

After You Read

...................

Word Search Find all THIRTY words in the Word Search. Words are written horizontally, vertically, diagonally, and some even backwards.

ambition Bush asset

©

destruction Kurds

civilization ethnic

motivate

Kuwait

sniper

persecute stockpiles

Baghdad coalition

guerrilla

manufacture Poland

suspicious

Blair

contend

Hussein

minority

reserves

Turkey

Britain

cultivation Iraq

Moslem

Saddam

unpredictable

C M A K M P O L A

T I S S U S P I C

U N V N N R C O N

R O D I B C D S K

K R F P L X A S J

E I G E V I S D H

Y T H R C Z Z F G

N Y E H C S D A G

O Q T J I D B G T

I W U K N F R H G

T E C L H G I J F

A R E Z T H T K D

V A S S E T A L S

I T R X X J I Q Q

T Y E C Q K N W W

L U P A C L A E E

U I R V M A N U F

C I O B B L E L B

N D Z

I O U

T E N

F D A

G D X

H F C

H U V

N G S

O G B

I H N

T O M

I H N

L H M

A J A

O V S

C B B

A C T

A T C

X M

S O

D T

M I

A V

D A

D T

A E

S S

S E

D D

F F

G G

H S

U D

L A

U R

I D

T I A W

Z S S D

X A D E

C L D S

V L F T

B I G R

N R H U

M R N C

A E O T

S U I I

I G T O

S N I N

H S B H

S D M J

S F A K

I R S L

E S S K

E R P N

U K

P M

O O

I S

U L

Y E

T M

R E

E S

S E

E L

V I

R P

E K

S C

E O

R T

U S

92

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NAME:

After You Read

...................

Comprehension Quiz

30

Part A Circle the word True if the statement is True or  Circle  the word False if it is FALSE. 1. Much of the land in Iraq is sandy desert. TRUE



8

FALSE

2. Saddam Hussein’s political party was called the Strident People’s Party. TRUE



FALSE

3. Iraq had been involved in a long war with Syria. TRUE



FALSE

4. The Persian Gulf War happened because of Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait. TRUE



FALSE

5. The organization al-Qaeda took credit for the terrorist incidents in America on September 11, 2001. TRUE



FALSE

6. The U.S. wanted to launch their attacks on Iraq from the country of Turkey. TRUE



FALSE

7. The United States accused Iraq of manufacturing weapons of mass destruction. TRUE



FALSE

8. General Norman Schwarzkopf was the commander of the coalition forces during the Iraq War of 2003. TRUE



FALSE

Part B 3

Circle the three countries below that were a part of the coalition. Canada   Poland   Australia   France  Russia   Great Britain

SUBTOTAL: ©

93

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NAME:

After You Read

................... Part C

Comprehension Quiz

Answer the questions in complete sentences.

1. What were the two main reasons President Bush gave for invading Iraq?

4



2. The Republican Guard was a concern to the coalition forces. Explain why.

2



3. Why did some countries not support America’s decision to invade Iraq?

2



4. What immediate problem developed in cities such as Baghdad after the fall of Saddam Hussein and the Iraqi government?

4



5. What was the “shock and awe” campaign?

3



6. Describe why it has been so difficult for coalition forces stationed in Iraq since the war ended?

4



SUBTOTAL: ©

94

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©

9

Answers will vary. (i.e. Involved in wars with Iran and Kuwait. Rebellion of the Kurds. Wars with the US and coalition)

2.

h) reserve

g) refine

f) process

12

c) 4

b) 4

a) 4

2.

C

A

D

D. Euphrates

d) independent

e) wealthy

C. Kurdish

B. Mesopotamia

A. Arabic

1.

c) unique

b) famous

a) involved

1.

13

A) The military overthrew the king and took power. Gradually Saddam’s political party assumed control of the government, and then Saddam took control of the party. B) Answers will vary. (i.e. It brought a lot of greedy people to power and resulted in countries fighting over the region)

3.

14

8. E

7. A

6. B

5. D

4. H

3. F

2. G

1. C

2.

Answers will vary

1.

17

b) Afghanistan

a) Uruguay

2.

f) Bedouin

e) Arabic

d) Kurds

c) Iran

b) Nineveh

a) trading

1.

18

b) Answers will vary. (i.e. War, religious persecution, ethnic violence, poverty)...

a) They provided water for farming.

3.

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19

Answers will vary

2.

h) overthrow

g) satisfied

f) security

e) interrogator

d) assassinate

c) abandon

b) turmoil

a) immense

1.

2.

true

22

5. In 1979 becomes President of Iraq.)

4. In 1968 becomes number 2 man to the President.

3. At 20 joins the Baath Party.

2. Starts school in Baghdad at age 10.

Answers will vary. (i.e. 1. Born in Auja.

f)

e) False

d) false

c) true

23

7. E

6. B

5. D

4. G

3. A

2. C

1. F

2.

Answers will vary. (i.e. Greed, bad leadership, jealousy)

a) false

b) TRUE

1.

1.

26

- Iran - Ottoman Empire - United States - Saudi Arabia

3.

e) 2

d) 4

c) 5

b) 1

a) 3

2.

e) False

d) false

c) true

27

c) The U.S. moved thousands of troops and military equipment into the Persian Gulf region to protect the other nations in the Middle East.

b) They gave Iraq until Jan. 15, 1991 to leave Kuwait.

a) Iraq had one of the largest, bestequipped armies in the world and their leader was very aggressive.

a) false

b) false

4.

1.

28

3. Nuclear weapons. They may destroy all human life.

J. exactness 2. Answers will vary. (i.e. Tanks, heatseeking missiles, submarines)

I. secret

H. battle

G. enemy

F. important

E. alliance

D. last possible moment

C. uphold

B. safeguard

1. A. cruel

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Gulf Wars Big Book CC5510

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military

f)

30

c) Israel

b) Bill Clinton

a) Spitfire fighter planes

2.

Nations, 15th

e)

d) oil

c) Shield

b) 1.2, 750

a) fear

1.

31

c) 5,000, ten.

b) To soften up the ground troops and destroy Iraqi planes.

a) Could avoid detection from radar and drop bombs with great accuracy.

3.

2.

retaliate

intensify

32

Answers will vary

f)

e)

d) massive

c) persuade

b) neutral

a) strategy

1.

a) 4

2.

34

C

B

true

b) 4

f)

e) true

d) true

c) false

b) False

a) false

1.

35

b) They didn’t expect the nations of the world to care about Kuwait. They thought Hussein would withdraw his troops before the invasion.

a) From the intensive bombing, starvation, desertion of officers.

3.

36

b) Answers will vary. (i.e. the weapons are so powerful and destructive)

a) Answers will vary. (i.e. when the enemy surrenders)

2.

f) regard

e) estimate

d) expanse

c) disposal

b) obliterate

a) resistance

1.

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38

Answers will vary. (i.e. Elated, relieved)

3.

b) B

a) A

2.

g) 42

f) 27, 1991

e) 148

d) 80,000

c) hero West

b) 3,000

a) a shot

1.

39

b) Answers will vary

To put out.

a) Answers will vary

40

f) 2

e) 4

d) 4

c) 3

b) 2

a) 1

2.

1.

4.

42

e) 4

d) 4

c) 4

b) 4

a) 4

1.

A

B

C

D

A

43

b) Patriotism and appreciation to the troops.

a) President Bush said he only had a problem with Iraq’s leadership, yet the coalition forces destroyed so much Iraqi property.

2.

Mileh Tharthar

b) Saudi Arabia, Kuwait

a) Iran

45

6. Damascus

5. Syrian Desert



4.

3. Zagros

2.

1. Tigris, E ­ uphrates

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X K K X N T

Z L A Z A L

24. Arabia

25. Norman

Down

A H A W

S N I N E

4. Tomahawk

5. sign

12. Ottoman

22. bear

20. year

19. loan

17. Scud

15. oil

48

S

L

13. USA

K

P

9. Baath

8. Kuwait

6. Saddam

M

U

3. HH

2. Storm

1. reeds O

Z Z

23. Bush

A

A

D

21. bomb M

Z

C

A D

T

18. ally

S

16. wishes

14. Mesopotamia

11. Auja

10. Iraq

9. Baghdad

7. sky

6. stealth

4. Tigris

2. Shield

Across

E

L

Y

X

A

V

E

N

P

O

C

U

J

C

X

X

S

H

A

R

L

S

T

C

S

I

R

A

O

I

V

W

H

V

C

B

W

U

S

A

I

K

E

V

S

C

T

C

S

T

D

A

D

H

G

A

B

S

D

T

S

J

R

T

D

T

Y

I

S

I

B

I

G

B

R

B

D

S

R

E

S

H

O

B

A

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U

L

E

L

N

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F

Z

V

Y

F

E

U

G

I

R

E

N

F

R

I

B

L

A

M

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K

N

B

L

G

I

K

Y

49

M

G

W

M

G

Y

H

U

H

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A

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D

M

N

O

H

N

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Q

S

F

Q

A

H

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P

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Q

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D

W

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D

D

N

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D

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R

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D

F

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F

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A

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D

A

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E

G

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V

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F

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F

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D

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B

H

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F

A

T

G

Z

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H

H

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C

I

B

A

R

A

Word Search Answers

D

Z

Y

H

X

G

H

E

Y

T

R

J

S

T

M

B

B

B

J

R

E

Q

U

I

P

M

E

N

T

H

T

K

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D

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A

U

G

K

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X

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N

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P

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Y

Y

N

N

Q

A

R

I

Part B

False

False

True

False

True

True

true

False

50

Pakistan Ethiopia Korea

8.

7.

6.

5.

4.

3.

2.

1.

Part A

1.

51

The killing of soldiers who were flying white flags.

6.

How easily the Iraqis gave up.

5.

Bigger army. Better weapons. Better leadership.

4.

Operation Desert Shield.

3.

Bedouins

2.

Two of: To take over their oil wells; stop them from slant drilling into Iraq’s oil; steal their money and resources; Kuwait had flooded the market with oil; Iraq owed billions to Kuwait.

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52

Answers will vary. (i.e. War, terrorism, Saddam Hussein.)

2.

h) unpredictable

g) Cultivation

f) Ambition

e) reserves

d) persecute

c) minority

b) civilization

a) asset

1.

55

c) 4

b) 4

a) 4

2.

D Baath

C Kurds

B Iran

A Sunnis

1.

C

A

D

56

B) Answers will vary. (i.e. He showed favoritism to his own people and persecuted the Kurds, as well as leading the country into a couple of devastating wars.)

A) Wars with Iran and Kuwait and internal rebellions.

3.

57

8. E

7. A

6. B

5. D

4. H

3. F

2. G

1. C

2.

Answers will vary

1.

60

e) Amman

d) Riyadh

c) Kuwait City

b) Tehran

a) Baghdad

2.

f) Nations

e) Saudi Arabia

d) army

c) States

b) drilling

a) Jordan

1.

61

b) Answers will vary. (i.e. Hussein was still in power.)

a) Shield was to protect the other countries in the area. Storm was the attack on Iraqi forces.

3.

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2.

62

Answers will vary. (i.e. A terrorist from Saudi Arabia, living in hiding, believed responsible for 9/11.)

H axis

G stockpiles

F destruction

E manufacture

D suspicious

C motivate

B contend

A ethnic

1.

2.

true

65

The Iraqis were making weapons of mass destruction. Saddam Hussein was an ally of al-Qaeda.

f)

e) true

d) false

c) true

66

b) Iran and North Korea. Answers will vary. (i.e. He was making a comparison with the Axis of WW2.)

5th-c 69 67

4th-d

3rd-a

2nd-e

1st-b

2.

e) TRUE

d) false

c) false

b) TRUE

a) false

1.

7. E

6. B

5. D

4. G

3. A

2. C

1. F

2.

Answers will vary

a) They wanted the weapons inspectors to have more time.

a) false

b) TRUE

1.

3.

1.

70

c) Answers will vary. (i.e. Perhaps the Iraqis would no longer want to fight.)

b) The extreme heat is hard on personnel and equipment.

a) They wanted to give the weapons inspectors more time.

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71

Answers will vary. (i.e. Saddam Hussein was hated by most Iraqis. Some people would see them as foreign troops invading their country.)

3.

Answers will vary

2.

J. 2

I. 4

H. 3

G. 10

F. 1

E. 9

D. 8

C. 7

2.

March 21

73

c) Baghdad

b) Scud missiles

a) shock and awe

f)

e) Saddam Hussein

d) 400,000

c) smaller

b) air

a) bombing

A. 5

B. 6

1.

1.

74

c) Answers will vary

b) If Israel entered the war other Arab nations might have entered on the side of Iraq.

a) They knew the Americans would soon be taking the wells over and wanted to prevent this from happening.

3.

75

Answers will vary. (i.e. World War III will destroy civilization.)

2.

h) parachuted

g) interior

f) desperate

e) protective

d) discouraged

c) outskirts

b) elite

a) retreat

1.

a) 4

2.

77

C

B

true

b) 4

f)

e) false

d) true

c) false

b) true

a) true

1.

78

b) To capture an airfield so they could fly in tanks and other equipment.

a) It delayed the coalition forces’ advancement on Baghdad.

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Answers will vary. (i.e. If there were Hussein might have fired them at the coalition forces. It might indicate that other countries like Iraq also don’t have this capability yet.)

2.

g) destruction

f) al-Qaeda

e) snipers

d) bridges

c) police

b) Looting

a) Tikrit

1.

79 82

Answers will vary. (i.e. It would be difficult 3. due to the different a) Answers will vary. factions in the (To create instability country as well as the so the coalition destruction of property forces would leave). caused by the war.) b) Answers will vary

2.

h) complicated

g) stability

f) tactic

e) apparent

d) sabotage

c) widespread

b) civilian

a) ancestor

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83

f) B

e) D

d) D

c) C

b) B

a) A

2.

Answers will vary. (i.e. She was torn up at the funeral of her brother.)

1.

85

e) 4

d) 4

c) 4

b) 4

a) 4

1.

A

B

C

D

A

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b) Answers will vary

a) Answers will vary

2.

3.

2.

88

Iran Jordan Kuwait Saudi Arabia Syria Turkey

5.

Iran, Caspian

4.

Mosul, Arbil

Europe

b) Turkey. Iraq has a population of about 27 million

a) Smaller. (Alaska’s area is 663,267 sq mi)

1.

EZ

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©

21. Blair

91

20. crown

19. taste

17. trade

15. Putin

14. end

13. casualty

12. Clinton

  8. net

  7. ignored

  6. cream

  5. Scud

  4. DNA

  3. missiles

  2. grin

  1. Operation

Down

25. Hussein

24. security

23. invasion

22. rotate

18. contest

16. united

15. Poland

11. dictator

10. Franks

  9. Persian

  4. destruction

Across

T I S S U S P I C I O U S O Z S S D P M

C M A K M P O L A N D Z X M T I A W U

K

O

U N V N N R C O N T E N D T X A D E O S

R O D I B C D S K F D A M I C L D S I L

K R F P L X A S J G D X A V V L F T U E

E I G E V I S D H H F C D A B I G R Y M

Y T H R C Z Z F G H U V D T N R H U T E

N Y E H C S D A G N G S A E M R N C R S

O Q T J I D B G T O G B S S A E O T E

92

E

I W U K N F R H G I H N S E S U I I S L

T E C L H G I J F T O M D D I G T O E I

A R E Z T H T K D I H N F F S N I N V P

V A S S E T A L S L H M G G H S B H R K

I T R X X J I Q Q A J A H S S D M J E

Word Search Answers

C

T Y E C Q K N W W O V S U D S F A K S O

L U P A C L A E E C B B L A I R S L E T

U I R V M A N U F A C T U R E S S K R S

C I O B B L E L B A T C I D E R P N U

False

true

True

true

True

false

false

true

93

Poland

Great Britain

Australia

Part B

8.

7.

6.

5.

4.

3.

2.

1.

Part A

94

Sabotage, bombings, snipers.

6.

Aerial bombing of Baghdad.

5.

Looting, lawlessness.

4.

They wanted to give the weapons inspectors more time in Iraq.

3.

The Republican Guard were the elite divisions of the Iraqi army.

2.

He said Iraq had weapons of mass destruction. Iraq was said to be supporting the terrorist organization al-Qaeda.

1.

EZ

Gulf Wars Big Book CC5510

Persian Gulf War Key Figures ....................

©

Saddam Hussein 5th President of Iraq 1979 – 2003

George H.W. Bush 41st U.S. President 1989 – 1993

Fahd bin Abdul Aziz King of Saudi Arabia 1982 – 2005

Norman Schwarzkopf US Army General, Commander-in-Chief U.S. Central Command

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Oil Fires Persian Gulf Region, 1991 ..............................

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U.S. Troops in Operation Desert Storm .............................

©

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Iraqi Weaponry Destroyed by Coalition Forces ...............................

©

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Coalition Forces Air Campaign Map

......................

©

109

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Operation Desert Storm Ground Operations Map

Kuwait

IT BR

FR EN

CH FO RC

ES

©

ORCES US F

Iraq

S FORCE ISH

ARAB FORCES

Iran

.............................

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Iraq War Key Figures

....................

©

Saddam Hussein 5th President of Iraq 1979 – 2003

George W. Bush 43rd U.S. President 2001 – 2009

Tony Blair Prime Minister of United Kingdom 1997 – 2007

Tommy Franks US Army General, Commander-in-Chief U.S. Central Command

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U.S. Forces Advancing April 2003 ..........................

©

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Black Hawk Helicopter Flying Over Baghdad ...........................

©

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U.S. Troops on Patrol Iraq, 2007

..........................

©

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Protests in the U.S. Against the War

.........................

©

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© SOF

SOF

SOF

Al Basra

U.S. Special Operations Forces

Airborne Brigade Parachute Landing

British Operation

U.S.-Led Coalition Operation

LEGEND

Coalition Forces Operations March-April 2003

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