William Faulkner: An Annotated Bibliography of Criticism Since 1988 9780810867420, 0810867427

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William Faulkner An Annotated Bibliography of Criticism Since 1988

John E. Bassett

The Scarecrow Press, Inc. Lanham, Maryland Toronto Plymouth, UK 2009

SCARECROW PRESS, INC. Published in the United States of America by Scarecrow Press, Inc. A wholly owned subsidiary of The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc. 4501 Forbes Boulevard, Suite 200, Lanham, Maryland 20706 www.scarecrowpress.com Estover Road Plymouth PL6 7PY United Kingdom Copyright O 2009 by John E. Bassett All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher.

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Information Available Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Bassett, John Earl, 1942William Faulkner : an annotated bibliography of criticism since 1988 / John E. Bassett. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-8108-6741-3 (cloth : alk. paper) - ISBN 978-0-8108-6742-0 (ebook) 1.Faulkner, William, 1897-1962-Bibliography. 2. Faulkner, William, 1897-1962- Criticism and interpretation-History. I. Title. 28288.B37 2009 [PS3511.A86] 016.813'52- dc22 2008053692 B r n ~ hpaper e used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information SciencesPermanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI/NISO 239.481992. Manufactured in the United States of America.

For Mary Anne Frey

Contents Foreword Introduction I.

Books on Faulkner

11. Studies of Individual Novels Soldiers' Pay Mosquitoes Flags in the Dust and Sartoris The Sound and the Fury As I Lay Dying Sanctuary Light in August Pylon Absalom, Absalom! The Unvanquished I f l Forget Thee, Jerusalem and The Wild Palms The Ham let Go Down, Moses Intruder in the Dust Knight S Gambit Requiem for a Nun A Fable The Town The Mansion The Snopes Trilogy The Reivers 111. Studies of Short Stories, Poetry, and Miscellaneous Prose "Ad Astra" "Artist at Home" "Barn Burning" "A Bear Hunt" "Beyond" "The Brooch" "Carcassonne" "Divorce in Naples"

vii

Contents "Dr. Martino" "Dry September" "Evangeline" "Golden Land" "The Hound" "The Leg" "Mistral" "Mountain Victory" "A Rose for Emily" "Rose of Lebanon" "Shall Not Perish" "Shlngles for the Lord" "Spotted Horses" "That Evening Sun" "There Was a Queen" "Turnabout" "Two Dollar Wife" "Uncle Willy" "Victory" "Wash" The Indian Stories Commentary on Other Stories General Commentary on Short Stories and Collections Commentary on Poetry and Miscellaneous Prose 111. Topical Studies Commentaries Covering Several Works Biographies and Commentary on Faulkner's Life Checklists and Bibliographical Materials

349 423 435

IV. Other Materials Reviews of Books about Faulkner Magazine and Journal Articles Newspaper Articles Books Doctoral Dissertations Selected Criticism Prior to 1988 Late Additions Index of Critics

55 1

About the Author

593

Foreword This bibliography brings up through 2007 the listings of Faulkner criticism and scholarship in three earlier books, William Faulkner: An Annotated Checklist of Criticism (New York: David Lewis, 1972), Faulkner: An Annotated Checklist of Recent Criticism (Kent, OH: Kent State UP, 1983), and Faulkner in the Eighties: An Annotated Critical Bibliography (Methuen, NJ: Scarecrow Press, 1991). Coverage of the years 1988 and 1989 overlaps between the 1991 book and this one, which does not re-list items covered in the main sections of the earlier book. What has made the current project especially stimulating as well as, I hope, useful is that not only do Faulkner studies continue to flourish but also every major critical school and theoretical perspective has been brought to bear on his fiction in the last two decades. A review of Faulkner criticism almost becomes a microcosm of a review of literary study. There are nearly two hundred books listed in the first section, at least a hundred of which are original studies by one writer or collections of original essays on Faulkner. If criticism on Faulkner was more diverse in the 1980s than in the 1960s or 1970s, commentary of the last decade and a half is even richer and more diverse than that. It reflects the first broadly based, deeply embedded, and well-assimilated incorporation in Faulkner scholarship and criticism of feminist, poststructuralist, rhetorical, and ideological theory as well as cultural studies. There is no question that John Matthews, Eric Sundquist, Lawrence Schwartz, and others changed the course of Faulkner criticism in the 1980s, but the general level of Faulkner studies has been more sophisticated, not without also a great deal of wrong-headedness, in the last two decades. Among individual novels, The Sound and the Fury and Absalom, Absalom! continue to receive the most attention and, not surprisingly, continue to yield fresh insights. Go Down, Moses is close behind, and Light in August, As I Lay Dying, and Sanctuary also have over a hundred commentaries listed here. Recent years have seen increased attention to I f I Forget Thee, Jerusalem (The Wild Palms) and to the Snopes novels. The short stories are receiving more attention than before, with more than a half dozen dedicated books on them since 1989 by individual scholars or as essay collections. My basic format remains the same. There are sections for books, for items on individual novels and on short works, for more general critical, biographical, and bibliographical studies, and for other materials including reviews of books on Faulkner and doctoral dissertations. Reviews are limited to those in scholarly journals except for a few longer journalistic reviews. Items are numbered continuously, with

. ..

VIII

Foreword

those book chapters which cover individual works also being listed with the works. Items on short stories that have had their primary identity in connection to a novel in which they appear, such as the stories in The Unvanquished and Go Down, Moses, are listed with the novel. Items on a story that may appear in a different form in a novel but had a separate identity as a magazine story, such as "Spotted Horses," "Barn Burning," and "Wash," are listed separately under the story not the novel. Criticism on poetry, essays, miscellaneous prose, and other works is all listed in one section chronologically. There is no criticism in other languages listed this time. International criticism is now prolific and requires scholars working closely with materials particularly in several Asian, European, and Latin American countries to produce reliable checklists. At the end there is a list of a few items from before 1988 not listed in Faulkner in the Eighties, but warranting acknowledgment. Then there is a list of "Late Additions" from 2006 and 2007 that I received after completing the main text. Even that, however, did not pick up, for example, the Summer 2007 issue of Mississippi Quarterly, which arrived late in 2008 with nine new articles and two review-essays on Faulkner. "Late Additions" also includes three 1996 essays on Absalom, Absalom! mistakenly left out of the text. Even with the greatest care, however, one may find a significant omission right before going to press. For me it was Faulkner's Mississippi by Willie Morris and William Eggleston (Birmingham: Oxmoor House, 1990), so I mention it here. I appreciate the help provided by Gwen Arthur and her splendid staff at the Robert H. Goddard Library of Clark University. My wife Kay has been of tremendous help in preparing the manuscript. It could not have been done without her assistance. Shirley Granlund and Stacie Beland helped a great deal in gathering materials for my use. For the assistance I received from all of them I am grateful. John E. Bassett Clark University Worcester, MA

Introduction For many decades now, William Faulkner has attracted more critical and scholarly attention than just about any other American author, and in recent years his fiction has been fertile territory for critics using every traditional and every poststructuralist perspective in the profession. No matter how far we go in decentering the author and the "work" and focusing on "how" not "what" a text means, and the circumstances of its production and influence, scholars and theorists over and over return to the strongest writers and richest texts. Recent trends in literary study have somewhat reduced the role of canonicity in the ranking of research topics, but Faulkner's fiction remains important to the profession and to many readers. He wrote several very strong novels and in the eyes of those who still use such terms remains one of the great modem novelists. His fiction provides richly ambivalent potential for study of race, gender, and class issues in America. It also invites comparative study with the important postwar Latin American fiction and, because of the South's peculiar role in American history, with postcolonial literatures. It also is a useful territory for studying the complex transitions between realism, modernism, and postmodemism. At the same time, the "Faulkner industry" has remained prolific and the annual "Faulkner and Yoknapatawpha" conference in Oxford, Mississippi, continues to be successful. That annual gathering balances papers that engage a popular audience of Faulkner readers with papers that present new, and often sophisticated, perspectives on Faulkner's work. The resulting collections of essays always have several insightful pieces. Through the same period a series of international conferences, including recent ones sponsored by the University of Rennes, have led to volumes with a number of challenging essays. Then, of course, there are from time to time collections of new essays on a major novel or collections of older articles such as Linda Wagner-Martin's Six Decades of Faulkner Criticism. The Faulkner Journal since the mid- 1980s has been the outlet for important work on Faulkner, and the Mississippi Quarterly continues to publish special Faulkner issues just about every year. Faulkner scholars have produced a great deal of special material helpful to researchers and teachers. The 1990s saw projects to publish concordances and annotations for Faulkner's books, and these followed soon after a forty-four-volume manuscript publication project. Noel Polk was a central figure in these projects but also has written some of the very best criticism. He combines meticulous textual skills with critical insights informed by psychoanalytic theory and awareness of the

2

Introduction

best ideological criticism. More recent series on Faulkner include a set of study guides published by Twayne, a set of line-by-line commentaries and glossaries published by the University Press of Mississippi, encyclopedia-companions, and M. Thomas Inge's large collection of the original book reviews of Faulkner's work. Finally there are collections of essays, and even a dedicated journal, on teaching Faulkner. As with almost any body of criticism over the last two decades, original Faulkner criticism has been heavily marked by commentary on race, gender, and class. It is marked by several continuums. One is defined by the extent to which the critic is working out of an ideological, Marxian, or New Historical framework. On gender issues the continuum may be characterized by the relative influence of Lacan, Kristeva, Cixous, and Irigaray, or the extent to which a critic is viewed as operating out of an "essentialist" framework. Another line is one that runs from a by-and-large justification of Faulkner on issues of gender, class, and race, with readings that show him truly on the side of the angels; to readings that recognize and credit Faulkner's radical insights into social issues but argue that he inscribes conservative values in his fiction while at the same time destabilizing and undermining traditional attitudes on gender and race; to readings that, while according him major cultural significance, consider him an unworthily canonized giant. Given the profession's struggle to reconcile its roles as priest and scientist, and given the ambivalences created by poststructuralist theory in conjunction with strong resilient literary works, that diversity is not surprising. Faulkner remains one of the most rewarding arenas in which to engage not just literary issues but broader social and psychological and cultural concerns of the new century. Before turning to criticism of the fiction, it may be usefbl to note that Faulkner biographies continue to appear. In 1993 Joel Williamson published William Faulkner and Southern History, whose major contribution is the most complete research on historical background of the Falkners and especially the Butlers, as well as evidence about an African American wing of the family. The following year Richard Gray brought out The Life of William Faulkner, probably the best study that can be characterized as an intellectual biography. Two books by James Watson, who had in 1987 written on letters in Faulkner's novels, one on early family letters (1992) and one on Faulkner's "self-presentation" (2000), added a dimension to our understanding of the life as well as the works. So did Lothar Honnighausen's splendid 1997 study Faulkner: Masks and Metaphors, the most probing work on Faulkner's continual donning of various masks and personae. Honnighausen analyzes

Introduction

3

these not simply as psychological factors but also as deliberate rhetorical ploys. More recently Jay Parini, a successful writer and critic but not a player in previous Faulkner discourse, has produced a most readable, insightful, and sensible overview, without much new information but hard to fault as a one-volume life to recommend to the general reader. Since then Thomas Inge has published a very concise biography and Lisa Hickman a book on the relationship between Faulkner and Joan Williams. Joseph Blotner's one-volume version of his biography, moreover, was republished by Vintage Books in 1991 and by the University Press of Mississippi in 2005. Also over the last decade and a half have appeared Don Doyle's study of Lafayette County and Faulkner as well as various collections of photographs and other materials related to Faulkner's life. Finally, one should note that a few critical studies such as Daniel Singal's book on Faulkner as modernist are based on biographical research as well as critical reflection and try to add to an understanding of Faulkner's life and career in the way that Judith Sensibar's work on the poetry and early prose so successfully did in the 1980s. So now far more is known about Faulkner himself, his life and his region, than twenty years ago. More is also known about the ways that race, gender, and class play diverse roles in literary production and literary meaning, and more is known about the diverse ways one can understand a piece of fiction, particularly one marketed successfully to students and the public in this century and the last. While earlier studies were done on Faulkner's women characters, since 1990 gender-centered criticism with a strong theoretical influence has been having a much greater impact on Faulkner studies. It has gone beyond a study of female characters to studies of masculinity, feminized males, sexual preferences, Faulkner's own gender concerns, the overlap with racial themes, and the patriarchal dimensions of Faulkner's world and its discourse and language. One book-length clarion call to rethink gender and Faulkner was Minrose Gwin's 1990 study, The Feminine and Faulkner, which drew heavily on ideas of Lacan. It emphasized the disruptive force, at times both troubling and healthy, of female characters such as Rosa Coldfield in patriarchal worlds and patriarchal fictive structures. In 1994 Deborah Clarke's Robbing the Mother, influenced by Irigaray and Kristeva, drew on a model of "gendered language" that helped Clarke also explore the disruptive power of the female in a male-dominated world, again seeing Faulkner as both inscriber and critic of patriarchy. The same year Diane Roberts, in Faulkner and Southern Womanhood, traced Faulkner's genius at break-

4

Introduction

ing down traditional male-female binary categories and stock figures such as the "Mammy" and the "tragic mulatta." In 1997 Doreen Fowler's Lacanian study Faulkner: The Return of the Repressed insightfully argued that marginalized female, and black, figures often represent a return of repressed meanings and "forbidden desires" in Faukner's works. Such books helped change the way scholars discuss gender and related issues in the work of Faulkner, and indeed of other writers, but the development has been more broadly based. Dozens of articles have had as great of an impact as the books. Susan Donaldson has been especially probing of Faulkner's own obsession with masculinity and with dangerous women, and of his ambivalence on gender issues as he blurs gender boundaries but is horrified by the implications of the blurring. Anne Goodwyn Jones has written effectively on oedipal dimensions, on patterns of gender-based resistance, and on patterns of penetration. Gail Mortimer has been insightful on Faulkner's "masculine" cognitive and narrative style, his concern with control. Judith Bryant Wittenberg, Carolyn Porter, Evelyn Schreiber, Noel Polk, and others have written well on related themes. John Duvall, whose 1990 book focuses on marginalized couples in Faulkner, brings fresh insights into homosexual relationships and the role of women in the novels. Race, like gender, was a theme in Faulkner studies long ago. Recent commentary has perhaps not drawn on as rich of a new theoretical context as commentary focused on gender, but it does overlap with new materialist and ideological work. Thadious Davis continues to be a major voice on racial issues in Faulkner's fiction, and her recent book on Go Down, Moses (2003), which revolves not around Isaac or Lucas but Tomey's Turl, forces readers to rethink not only Faulkner's intentions but the longer term implications of the text. Erik Dussere's Balancing the Books: Faulkner, Morrison, and the Economies of Slavery (2003) is a remarkable study of how tropes and traditions deriving from slavery take on aesthetic forms in the work of two major modem writers. Theresa Towner's Faulkner on the Color Line (2000) builds on Faulkner's awareness that he could not convincingly present a black person's perspective and on his resulting strategy to focus on the cultural formation and maintenance of racial identities. Patricia McKee (1999) builds on a foundation of critical race studies and draws significant comparisons between Faulkner and both Morrison and Henry James. She also provided some of the first insights into race and Faulkner coming out of the new interest in studies of "whiteness," a topic recently featured in a special issue of the Faulkner Journal. Barbara Ladd has written very well on Twain, Cable, and Faulkner and their

Introduction

5

handling of color-line issues. Discussing relationships between the fictions of Morrison and Faulkner has become an industry unto itself. Philip Weinstein, a critic very poststructuralist in his assumptions yet engaged in a deeply personal way with both writers, has, like Dussere, published a whole book on the topic. Carol Kalmerten and others edited a collection of essays on Faulkner and Morrison, and there are dozens of other articles as well as dissertations. Meanwhile, particularly in studies of Light in August, Absalom, Absalom!, Go Down, Moses, and Intruder in the Dust the ambivalences of Faulkner on race are explored with characters like Rider, Lucas, Joe Christmas, and Charles Bon almost seeming like a palimpsest against which a critic can redefine his or her own confrontations with race and art. Race, like gender, is a significant factor in ideological criticism, which otherwise brings social class, economic, and labor issues to the forefront. In the late 1980s Lawrence Schwartz forced a rethinking of the process by which Faulkner after World War I1 became a canonical and even the canonical American novelist. While his arguments about the role of New Critical conservatism, postwar imperialism, and political forces seemed to some readers imbalanced and over-argued, the trail of evidence in Schwartz's book made even traditionalists rethink how literary institutions function and change and how books rise and fall in status. The dialogue on Morrison and Faulkner, noted above, may even imply that Morrison's ascendancy, like Faukner's, has been tied both to the strength of her works and to the political contexts of marketing them and her. The most probing ideological student of Faulkner over the last decade or so has probably been Richard Godden. His Fictions of Labor (1997) not only grounds Faulkner's work in economic changes in the South over two or three generations, "a period of radical labor transformation" that lies behind the "generative social trauma" in the fiction. It also combines a materialist perspective, drawing on Benjamin, Hegel, and others, with a sophisticated understanding of other poststructuralist models. He provides, for example, fresh insights into Rosa's chapters by putting them in a context of a slave-based and racebased economy, and into several novels by noting the slippage between gender, racial, and labor thematics. Other critics connect a materialist approach with either contemporary or traditional methodologies, but when Godden and Polk combined on a radical rereading of Ike's "ledger" sequence in Go Down, Moses, the result was a stunning example of the potential of collaborative criticism. Kevin Railey's 1999 book Natural Aristocracy grounds his study of Faukner's authorial ideology in a somewhat materialist framework

6

Introduction

but mostly to build his argument that Faulkner moves from a paternalistic conservatism, because of the impact of economic liberalism, toward a personal philosophy close to that of Jefferson's "natural aristocracy." Issues of social class have been well addressed by Cheryl Lester and Barbara Ladd, although Ladd's focus is more often on dynastic and family issues than labor. There are also young scholars doing strong work on class issues, for example, Tony Fabijancic, who shows the influence of Frederic Jameson and also the ability to move across art as well as literature. Ted Atkinson's 2005 Faulkner and the Great Depression is built on a more traditional methodology but perceptively analyzes Faulkner's ambivalence on key conflicts of the Depression and New Deal period. While the prevalence over the last two decades of concerns about class, race, and gender in literature leads a reviewer to categorize commentary in such pigeon-holes, the best of the studies do not really lend themselves to such simplification. Some critics do ride a hobby-horse, but the best Faulkner students have been aware of new theories and methodologies, able to do careful scholarship, and capable of choosing the tools they need to solve the problem they are addressing. Some work simply suffers from lack of awareness of existing scholarship, a recurring theme of the annual essays on Faulkner in American Literary Scholarship. Some of the most challenging work does not receive uniformly positive reviews, but the trail of reviews of major books on Faulkner is a significant part of the relevant discourse in Faulkner studies. For years I have thought, for example, that Philip Weinstein and Karl Zender are two of the most thoughtful and original readers of Faulkner. Their perspectives on racial themes, the personal element in criticism, and theory, however, are often in conflict but actually in usefully engaging ways. Weinstein, moreover, has been especially insightful on the issue of "subjectivity" in Faulkner's fiction (as in Faulkner's Subject, 1992), drawing on Lacan but particularly clarifying the limitations in the author's characterization of the "Other"; but he also writes well on race, Faulkner and Morrison, ecological themes, oedipal patterns, and, recently, on "Unknowing" as a trait of high modernism, which returns him to issues of subjectivity. Charles Hannon's recent Faulkner and the Discourses of Culture (2005) also probes the "production of subjectivity," drawing on Foucault and Bakhtin, but in a discursive approach focusing on issues of discourse. A decade earlier, Ineke Bockting's Character and Personality in the Novels of William Faulkner (1995) drew on Kristeva, Homey, Klein, and psycholinguistics to address issues connecting language, discourse, and the creation of subjectivity.

Introduction

7

Language-centered and rhetorical studies form a significant part of ongoing study of Faukner, but also circle us back to gender criticism and voice (as in Gwin and Clarke), racial studies (on voice and dialect), and materialist criticism (as in Godden's study of Benjy's language). The articles using ideas of Bakhtin or merely dropping his name, moreover, are too plentiful to count. Meanwhile Peter Lurie's Vision's Immanence: Faulkner, Film, and the Popular Imagination (2004) is the strongest of a number of attempts to explore how Faulkner both inscribes and critiques forms of popular culture of his day, and it reflects the growing importance of culture studies in Faulkner criticism. A recent book by Owen Robinson (Creating Yoknapatawpha, 2006) is not strictly speaking on language, but as he deals with the "interplay between the reading and writing processes" in constructing a "textual environment" he effectively combines reader-response, rhetorical and linguistic, and more formalistic methods. One recently published book with st times brilliant insights but positioned intellectually a generation ago-with readings influenced by Bachelard, Barthes, Burke, and early deconstruction theory-is William Rueckert's Faulkner from Within: Destructive and Generative Being in the Novels of William Faulkner (2004), a study Rueckert worked on for many years. Faulkner's place in modernism has been a continuing focus, including quite different books by Richard Moreland and Daniel Singal, and of course Lothar Htinnighausen, as well as several collections of essays on Faulkner and his contemporaries. More recently the connections, and disconnections, between Faulkner and postmodernism, as well as his position on a realism-modernism-postmodemism continuum, have become topical. Similarly the connections between Faulkner and postcolonial novelists, especially those in Latin America such as Garcia MArquez and Donoso and Asturias, who so enriched the postwar literary scene, have inspired much commentary. Edouard Glissant's creative book-length essay on confronting Faulkner has helped reshape our way of seeing such relationships. One might even say that among dissertations and published work there has recently been a noticeable trend toward criticism and scholarship that positions Faulkner in relation to other writers of his day and afterwards. Such studies may be comparative or focus on influences, may actually be intertextual or may call themselves such, and at times may emphasize ways in which later writers "rewrite" a Faulkner theme or pattern. While this particular project has not included the wealth of Faulkner criticism in other languages, a great deal of strong commentary by an international community of Faulkner scholars is available in English-by Asian scholar-critics especially but not only from Japan and

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Introduction

Korea, as well as by others in Latin America and Europe. Good Faukner criticism for years has come from France and, of course, some of the theory influencing Faulkner has also. It is always striking when a French critic like Andre Bleikasten speaks out strongly against reductive over-theorizing of Faulkner's books, almost as if he were a neoconservative Southerner. Nonetheless, Bleikasten, Jacques Pothier, Franqois Pitavy, Nicole Moulinoux, and others have continued to add new dimensions to our understanding of Faulkner as have Lothar Hbnnighausen particularly and other German critics, and more recently a number of Italians and eastern Europeans such as Sonja Basic. Much of the best Faulkner criticism since 1990 has come from voices that were active in Faulkner studies in the 1980s, but strong new voices have joined the community and commentary on Faulkner has not slowed down. There are probably more excellent critics writing on Faulkner than on any other American writer. It is likely, however, that over the next two decades most of the best new contributions to Faulkner studies will come from scholars focusing not only on Faulkner's books but also on some larger literary or social context in which Faulkner's texts are significant parts. Books and articles published in 2007 look backward as well as forward. A watershed collection is A Companion to William Faulkner, edited by Richard Moreland as part of the Blackwell Companions to Literature Series. Some thirty-one essays explore contexts for the novels-historical and biographical, racial and sexual and ideological, contexts of genre and period-as well as new approaches to formal questions. Moreland includes several strong readings, by Don Kartiganer on A s I Lay Dying, John Carlos Rowe on Absalom, Absalom!, Evelyn Schreiber on the Snopeses, and Catherine Kodat, one of the best of the newer analysts of Faulkner, on Ifl Forget Thee, Jerusalem. Also with contributions are such insightful critics of Faulkner as Michael Zeitlin, Barbara Ladd, Cheryl Lester, Philip Weinstein, Lothar Hbnnighausen, Richard Godden, Susan Donaldson, Anne Goodwyn Jones, and Tom McHaney. There are also several of the newer voices including those with significant recent books like Peter Lurie, Jay Parini, Ted Atkinson, and Owen Robinson. Despite a steep price tag, it is a book Faulknerians will want to study. The Faulkner and Yoknapatawpha Series added two volumes, one on Faulkner and Material Culture from the 2004 conference in Oxford and one called Faulkner 's Inheritance from the 2005 conference. Each one has several strong, insightful essays such as, in the first, Patsy Yaeger's on what she calls "Faulkner's trash aesthetic" and Jay Watson's on Light in August, and in the second Judith Sensibar's on

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9

Estelle's influence on William's writing and Noel Polk's on Faulkner's sense of the past as something that only exists as a construction. Also in 2007 Godden brought out his second book on Faulkner, William Faulkner: An Economy of Complex Words, which brings together some of his best work on The Hamlet, Go Down, Moses, and A Fable. Barbara Ladd published a comparative study called Resisting History: Gender, Modernity, and Authorship in William Faulkner, Zora Neale Hurston, and Eudora Welty. It addresses the implications for three modern writers of "agency" and "writing" for women. Hosam Aboul-Ela published one of the first book-length postcolonial studies, Other South, putting Faulkner's fiction into a global context. Carolyn Porter brought out for Oxford a splendid critical introduction to Faulkner. More such works are coming, since Cambridge in 2008 has brought out Theresa Towner's Introduction to William Faulkner, and Blackwell plans to bring out an overview by John Matthews in 2009. There is even a new biography, by David Rampton, out in 2008, along with a collection of essays by Noel Polk and Merrill Skaggs's study of Cather and Faulkner. When the 2007 and 2008 lists are complete, doubtless there will be much more to report. Finally, students of Faulkner will also want to consult John B. Padgett's splendid web page, "William Faulkner on the Web."

I. Books on Faulkner 1.

Keating, Bern. Faulkner's "Seacoast of Bohemia. " Memphis: White Rose Press, 1989. An appreciative essay, by one who knew Faulkner, that dwells mostly on the variances between actual history (from colonial years to the Civil Rights era) or geography and what is found in Faulkner's fiction, but insisting on Faulkner's greatness as a writer.

2.

Bleikasten, Andrk. The Ink of Melancholy: Faulkner's Novelsfrom The Sound and the Fury to Light in August. Bloomington: Indiana UP, 1990. An intensive study of Faulkner's works through 1932 that also is a revision of Bleikasten's earlier books on Faulkner.

3.

Bloom, Harold, ed. Caddy Compson. New York: Chelsea, 1990. A collection of previously published commentary.

4.

Brodsky, Louis Daniel. William Faulkner, Life Glimpses. Austin, TX: U of Texas P, 1990. Essays on Faulkner that draw on Brodsky's Faulkner collection, most reprinted from earlier journal appearances.

5.

Butterworth, Keen, and Nancy Butterworth. Annotations to Faulkner 's A Fable. New York: Garland, 1990.

6.

Desvergnes, Alain. Yoknapatawpha: The Land of William Faulkner. Tr. William Wheeler. Paris: Marval, 1990. A collection of photographs conveying the representational and the suggestive dimensions of Faulkner's Deep South, with an Introduction on landscape and memory by Regis Durand.

7.

Duvall, John N. Faulkner's Marginal Couple: Invisible, Outlaw, and Unspeakable Communities. Austin, T X : U of Texas P, 1990.

Books on Faulkner

A study, influenced by Derrida's critique of logocentrism and by Greimas's narrative semiotics, that reacts against patriarchal and Agrarian influences on Faulkner studies in order to show the fiction as open to unorthodox couples and broadly conceived roles for women.

8.

Fowler, Doreen, and Ann J. Abadie, eds. Faulkner and Popular Culture. Jackson, MS: UP of Mississippi, 1990. Papers from the 1988 conference in Oxford with an Introduction (ix-xiv) by Fowler. Papers are by Blotner (#1684), Inge (#2048), Budd (#2049), Garrett (#2050), Fiedler (#583), Madden (#584), Sensibar (#1685), Jones (#1064), Dardis (#26 l), Donaldson (#1037), Kawin (#1686), Forrest (#262), Brevda (#1687), and Rubin (#1688).

9.

Gwin, Minrose. The Feminine and Faulkner: Reading (Beyond) Sexual Diflerence. Knoxville, TN: U of Tennessee P, 1990. A poststructuralist feminist reading of Faulkner, this emphasizes the positive disruptive force in Faulkner's major female characters, albeit within male texts. They become "the rebellious unconscious of patriarchy."

10.

Harrington, Gary. Faulkner's Fables of Creativi~y:The Non-Yoknapatavpha Novels. Athens, GA: U of Georgia P, 1990. A study of the five novels set outside the fictional county, this argues that they are "profound if sometimes unresolved Faulknerian reflections on aesthetic and creative issues" that "enhance our understanding" of the entire career.

11.

Humphries, Jefferson, ed. Southern Literature and Literary Theory. Athens, GA: U of Georgia P, 1990. Includes four essays on Faulkner by Leupin (#841), Matthews (#808), Sarnway (#470), and Scherer (#842). *

Books on Faulkner

13

12.

Kinney, Arthur F., ed. Critical Essays on William Faulkner: The McCaslin Family. Boston: G. K. Hall, 1990. A collection of materials related to fiction about the McCaslins, Beauchamps, and Edmonds families with an extensive introductory essay (1-57) by Kinney that provides background from southern history and Faulkner's life as well as a reading of the stories. The collection includes background material, numerous reprinted articles, and new essays by Devlin (#1159), Muhlenfeld (# 1160), Bell (#1161), and King (# 1162).

13.

Kuyk, Dirk, Jr. Sutpen 's Design: Interpreting Faulkner 's Absalom, Absalom! Charlottesville, VA: UP of Virginia, 1990. A study of the novel that first clarifies Sutpen's design in a new way, then arranges the actual order of the episodes, then explains the design or motivation of each character, then the design imposed by each narrator. The final chapter discusses why critics of the novel go astray.

14.

Lee, A. Robert, ed. William Faulkner: The Yoknapatawpha Fiction. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1990. A collection of essays with an Introduction (7-1 8) by Lee. The essays are by Justus (#1679), Lee (#262), Pullin (#1680), Mottram (#I68 l), Timms (#687), Clarke (# 1154), and Hook (# 1419).

15.

Luce, Dianne C. Annotations to Faulkner's As I Lay Dying. New York: Garland, 1990.

16.

Moreland, Richard C. Faulkner and Modernism: Rereading and Rewriting. Madison, WI:U of Wisconsin P, 1990. A study of Faulkner's wrestling with the major thrusts of modernism-particularly irony and "compulsive repetition"-from Absalom through Requiem for a Nun. As he moves beyond high modernism, he opens himself up to new voices, a broader sense of class and race and gender perspectives, and a kind of "revisionary repetition" that returns to an earlier primal scene in a new way.

Books on Faulkner Polk, Noel, and John D. Hart, eds. Collected Stories of William Faulkner: A Concordance. 5 vols. Ann Arbor, MI: UMI Research Press, 1990. Polk, Noel, and John D. Hart, eds. The Hamlet: A Concordance to the Novel. 2 vols. Ann Arbor, MI: UMI Research Press, 1990. Polk, Noel, and John D. Hart, eds. The Reivers: A Concordance to the Novel. Ann Arbor, MI: UMI Research Press, 1990. Polk, Noel, and John D. Hart, eds. Sanctuary, the Original Text: A Concordance. Ann Arbor, MI: UMI Research Press, 1990. Polk, Noel, and John D. Hart, eds. Sanctuary, the Corrected Text: A Concordance. Ann Arbor, MI: UMI Research Press, 1990. Polk, Noel, and John D. Hart, eds. Uncollected Stories of William Faulkner: A Concordance. 5 vols. Ann Arbor, MI: UMI Research Press, 1990. Polk, Noel, and John D. Hart, eds. The Unvanquished: A Concordance to the Novel. Ann Arbor, MI: UMI Research Press, 1990. Taylor, Herman E. Faulkner 's Oxford: Recollections and Reflections. Nashville, TN: Rutledge Hall, 1990. On places and people that influenced Faulkner. Toolan, Michael J. The Sfylistics of Fiction: A LiteraryLinguistic Approach. London: Routledge, 1990. Go Down, Moses is the primary example throughout the book, which covers many stylistic devices including "progressive verbal forms," "pronominal foregrounding," "deictic patternings," and "causal connectivity."

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26.

Wright, Austin M. Recalcitrance, Faulkner, and the Professors. Iowa City, IA: U of Iowa P, 1990. A fictional caper in which Wright satirizes certain forms of literary criticism, using As I Lay Dying as the primary text.

27.

Bassett, John E. Faulkner in the Eighties: An Annotated Critical Bibliography. Methuen, NJ: Scarecrow Press, 1991.

28.

Blotner, Joseph. Faulkner: A Biography. New York: Random House, 1991. A reprinting of Blotner's one-volume version. The biography was then re-issued in Jackson, MS: UP of Mississippi, 2005.

29.

Brodsky, Louis Daniel, and Robert W. Hamblin, eds. Faulkner: A Comprehensive Guide to the Brodsky Collection. Volume IV: Battle Cry: A Screenplay by William Faulkner. Jackson, MS: UP of Mississippi, 199 1.

30.

Ferguson, James. Faulkner's Short Fiction. Knoxville, TN:U of Tennessee P, 1991. A study of Faulkner's short fiction in terms of the career, thematic patterns, point of view, and matters of form. Addresses weaknesses as well as strengths and includes a chapter on revisions of stories for novels as well as patterns in the collections.

31.

Fowler, Doreen, and Ann J. Abadie, eds. Faulkner and Religion. Jackson, MS: UP of Mississippi, 1991. Papers from the 1989 conference in Oxford, with an Introduction by Fowler (ix-xiv). Papers are by Kazin (# 1702), Wilson (# 1703), Gunn (#267), King (#1704), Lidsey (#855), Meeter (#856), Hlavsa (#69 l), Fowler (#274), Harrington (# 1705), and Marshall (# 1706).

32.

Hlavsa, Virginia V. Faulkner and the Thoroughly Modern Novel. Charlottesville, VA: UP of Virginia, 1991.

Books on Faulkner A detailed discussion of Faulkner's use in Light in August of the Gospel of John and the work on myth by Sir James Frazier, but also an attempt to cast the novel as very "Modernist" in its use of such mythic materials. 33.

Lockyer, Judith. Ordered by Words: Language and Narration in the Novels of William Faulkner. Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois UP, 1991. A study, influenced by Bakhtin, of a series of characters-Horace, Quentin, Darl, Ike, Gavin-who exemplify Faulkner's concern with the power, and limitations, of language and writing and also reflect very personal concerns of the author.

34.

Lombardo, Agostino, ed. The Artist and His Masks: William Faulkner 's Metafiction. Rome: Bulzoni, 199l. A collection of papers from the 1989 International Symposium in Rome with a Foreword (7-8) by Lombardo. Papers are by Blotner (#1707), Pivano (# 1708), Bleikasten (# 1709), Skei (# 17lo), Carothers (#204), Daiifenbach (#205), Pitavy (# 171I), Marnoli Zorzi (# 1644), Lombardo (#228), Hbnnighausen (# 1712), Lind (#1586), Fink (#594), Barnett (#279), Godden (#280), Materassi (# 1713), Rubeo (#483), Knights (#595), Portelli (#I7 14), Moulinoux (# 171 9 , Fujihira (#852), Bevilacqua (#853), Gutting (# 1716), Yoshida (#854), Martino (# 1169), Watson (# 1 170), Boitani (# 117l), Ricciardi (# 1319), Samway (# 1364), Ziegler (#1365), and Nicolaisen (# 1388).

35.

Matthews, John T. The Sound and the Fury: Faulkner and the Lost Cause. Boston: Twayne, 1991. A coherent overview of the novel, its characters, techniques, and historical contexts, aimed at the general reader but with the virtue of including concerns of recent poststructuralist criticism in such a way as to be usefbl to the general reader.

36.

McDaniel, Linda Elkins. Annotations to Faulkner's A Fable. New York: Garland, 1991.

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37.

Parker, Robert Dale. Absalom, Absalom! The Questioning of Fictions. Boston: Twayne, 199 1. A guide to and overview of the novel for the general reader, this includes an extensive explication and a set of provocative questions revisited after each section.

38.

Pearce, Richard. The Politics of Narration: James Joyce, William Faulkner, & Virginia Woo& New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers UP, 1991. An essay in the politics of narration as demonstrated in the period of high modernism through works of three major novelists. Focuses on three components, voices, stories, and "(w)holes," a word used to "denote what is all-inclusive," including what is not valued or even suppressed. Emphasizes "the power of the authorial voice" and how it "marginalizes" other voices.

39.

Ragan, David Paul. Annotations to Faulkner's Absalom, Absalom! New York: Garland, 1991.

40.

Reesman, Jeanne Campbell. American Designs: The Late Novels of James and Faulkner. Philadelphia: U of Pennsylvania P, 199 1. A comparative study that connects the authors through their profound concern with "the problem of knowledge" and its hermeneutic and epistemological dimensions. Opening chapters relate their "handling of problems of narrative knowledge" to other critical issues, and connect those problems to "interest and design," in several senses of those terms. Individual chapters deal with Absalom and Go Down, Moses, not quite "late" novels.

41.

Sowder, William J. Existential-Phenomenological Readings on Faulkner. Np: UCA Press, 199 1. A study of a number of characters and novels drawing on ideas of Jaspers, Husserl, Sartre, MerleauPonty, Marcel, and at times Heidegger. Focuses on "acts of con~ciousne~~" and treats "each character as

Books on Faulkner an authentic human being." Tries to "restore in Faulkner criticism human meaning and value." 42.

Berland, Alwyn. Light in August: A Study in Black and White. New York: Twayne, 1992. A guide to and overview of the novel for the general reader, emphasizing matters related to themes and form.

43.

Gutting, Gabriele. Yoknapatawpha: The Function of Geographical and Historical Facts in William Faulkner's Fictional Picture of the Deep South. Trier Studien zur Literatur No. 23. Frankfurt-am-Main: Peter Lang, 1992. Through "a comparative study of intertextually presented images of spaces and history," this tries to "provide deeper insights into the writer's designing of the spatio-temporal world of his fiction." Connects the "Southern sources" to the space-time elements of Faulkner's imagination. The first part deals with real geographical spaces behind the fictional county, the second with the relationship between historical sources and the fiction.

44.

Harrington, Evans, and Ann J. Abadie, eds. Faulkner and the Short Story. Jackson, MS: UP of Mississippi, 1992. Papers from the 1990 conference in Oxford, with an Introduction (ix-xiii) by Harrington. Papers are by Matthews (#1620), Carothers (#1730), Skei (#I5 19), Minter (# 1499), Collins (# 1467), Donaldson (# 1184), Irwin (#1351), Jie (#2137), Brinkmeyer (#1185), Weinstein (# 1 186), Williams (#2063), and Chakovsky (#2 138).

45.

Haynes, Jane Isbell. William Faulkner: His Lajbyette County Heritage: Lands, Houses and Businesses: Oxford, Mississippi. Ripley, MS: Seejay Society, 1992. Limited edition of a fifty-eight-page text with photographs and documents, covering buildings and lands connected with the family. Produced by the Tippah County Historical and Genealogical Society. The Foreword is by James B. Meriwether.

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46.

Inge, M. Thomas. Faulkner, Sut, and Other Southerners: Essays in Literary History. West Cornwall, CT: Locust Hill, 1992. A collection of previously published essays, some on Faulkner including #I734 and #2048.

47.

Wadlington, Warwick. As I Lay Dying: Stories out of Stories. New York: Twayne, 1992. A coherent reading of the novel aimed at the general reader, this emphasizes the significance of Faulkner's unusual method and also the importance of when it was written, between the 1920s and 1930s.

48.

Watson, James G., ed. Thinking ofHome: William Faulkner's Letters to His Mother and Father, 1918-1925. New York: Norton, 1992. Letters from Faulkner to his parents from places such as New Haven, Canada, New Orleans, and Europe, with commentary by Watson.

49.

Weinstein, Philip M. Faulkner's Subject: A Cosmos No One Owns.Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1992. Studies the production of subjectivity in Faulkner's fiction, including the "subjectivity of those two groups who must constitute his Other: women and blacks." Seeks "to open up the dimension of that invasion [of the unknown into the precincts of the familiar] and to remap the terrain of a subjectivity requiring different terms" to be understood.

50.

Chabrier, Gwendolyn. Faulkner's Families: A Southern Saga. New York: Giordan, 1993. An overview of families in the fiction, with separate chapters providing a sociological context for southern families; a biographical perspective relating Faukner's real and fictional families; female characters, Faulkner's misogyny, and marital patterns in the novels; parent-child relationships; incest; miscegenation; and black families.

20

Books on Faulkner

51.

Folks, Jeffrey J. Southern Writers and the Machine: Faulkner to Percy. New York: Peter Lang, 1993. Studies how southern writers have dealt with change and "rapid modernization of their region" and how their response "has contributed to aesthetic theory." The first chapters deal with Faulkner, the following ones with Tate and other writers.

52.

HBnnighausen, Lothar, and Valeria Gennaro Lerda, eds. Rewriting the South: History and Fiction. Tiibingen: Francke, 1993. Papers from an international symposium in Bonn in 1991, this includes five essays on Faulkner. Those are by Gray (# 174l), Ford (# 1193), McHaney (#707), HBnnighausen (# 1602), and Bleikasten (# 1368). There is also discussion of Faulkner elsewhere in the book.

53.

Polk, Noel, ed. New Essays on The Sound and the Fury. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1993. A collection of essays as well as an "Introduction" (1-21) by Polk that covers the genesis of the book and related writings, surveys criticism on the novel from 1929 to the 1990s, and comments on each of the essays. They are by Trouard (#298), Kartiganer (#299), Godden (#300), and Polk (#301).

54.

Watson, Jay. Forensic Fictions: The Lawyer Figure in Faulkner. Athens, GA: U of Georgia P, 1993. A study of Horace Benbow and Gavin Stevens as lawyer figures throughout Faulkner's works and of the importance of forensic and storytelling elements, and of lawyers, in those works.

55.

Williamson, Joel. William Faulkner and Southern History. New York: Oxford UP, 1993. A biography with extensive coverage of Faulkner's ancestry and information on the Butler side of the family. The three parts are "Ancestry," "Biography," and "The Writings."

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56.

Zacharasiewicz, Waldemar, ed. Faulkner, His Contemporaries, and His Posterity. Ttibingen: Francke, 1993. A collection of papers given at the Faulkner symposium in Vienna in 1991, with an Introduction (xii-xx) by Zacharasiewicz. Papers are by Bleikasten (#1742), Hbnnighausen (#226), Moulinoux (# 1743), BaSiC (# 111O), Lind (# 1744), McHaney (# 186), Riese (#878), Nicolaisen (#1745), Materassi (#I1 1l), Geher (# 1532), Herget (# 1746), Inge (# 1747), Stetsenko (# 1748), Schlbsser (#I 749), Hlavizna (#302), Maver (# 1750), Grmela (# 175I), Blotner (# 1752), Watson (#207 l), Matthews (# 1753), Brown (#303), Ross (# 1194), Wadlington (#1392), de Oliveira (#1754), Weinstein (#499), Arbeit (# 1457), Zender (# 1369), Meindl (#814), Mamoli Zorzi (#2627), Maszewska (#879), O'Donnell (#1195), Ziegler (#880), Pitavy (#1755), Yoshida (#2628), Pothier (#1756), and Gresset (# 1757).

57.

Boozer, William, Dean Faulkner Wells, and Lawrence Wells, eds. The Faulkner Newsletter: Collected Issues. Oxford, MS: Yoknapatawpha Press, 1994. Collects all issues of The Faulkner Newsletter and Yoknapatawpha Review, 1981- 1994.

58.

Clarke, Deborah. Robbing the Mother: Women in Faulkner. Jackson, MS: UP of Mississippi, 1994. A feminist psychoanalytical study, somewhat influenced by Kristeva and Irigaray, that emphasizes issues related to "gendered language" and to "maternity." Reads "Faulkner's work through the paradigm of his figurative theft . . . to clarify the intimate connections between physical and linguistic creative power."

59.

Gray, Richard. The Life of William Faulkner. London: Blackwell, 1994. An important critical-intellectual biography, connecting the major novels to Faulkner's life, region, and historical contexts. Gray speaks of entering into a "dialogue" with the fiction within its various con-

Books on Faulkner texts. Influenced by theorists such as Althusser, Barthes, Lacan, and especially Bakhtin, this is also sensitive to stylistic, structural, and thematic nuances in the texts. 60.

Jones, Diane Brown. A Reader's Guide to the Short Stories of William Faulkner. New York: G. K. Hall, 1994. Covers genesis, explication, and criticism of thirtyone stories from Collected Stories, excluding those in "The Wasteland" and "Beyond."

61.

Kartiganer, Donald M., and Ann J. Abadie, eds. Faulkner and Psychology. Jackson, MS: UP of Mississippi, 1994. Papers from the 1991 conference in Oxford, with an Introduction (vii-xvi) by Kartiganer. Papers are by Fowler (#3 la), Jones (# 1770), Clarke (#3 19), Porter (#I77 I), Martin (#1772), Watson (#1739), Jenkins (#72 l), Zeitlin (# 1650), Irwin (#600), Wyatt (# 1773), and Kartiganer (#722).

62.

Minter, David, ed. The Sound and the Fury: A Norton Critical Edition. 2nded. New York: Norton, 1994. A revised and updated edition with Noel Polk's corrected text, background materials, and critical commentaries.

63.

Roberts, Diane. Faulkner and Southern Womanhood. Athens, GA: U of Georgia P, 1994. A study of Faulkner's "representations of women," using while revising such stock categories as "the Confederate woman," "Mammy," "the tragic mulatta," "the new belle," "the night sister," and "mothers and motherhood." Discusses how Faulkner often breaks down or undermines standard binary opposites on which a category rests.

64.

Ruppersburg, Hugh M. Reading Faulkner: Light in August: Glossary and Commentary. Jackson, MS: UP of Mississippi, 1994. A glossary and line-by-line commentary, as well as a chronology of episodes.

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65.

Taylor, Nancy Dew. Annotations to Go Down, Moses. New York: Garland, 1994.

66.

Bleikasten, Andre, and Nicole Moulinoux, eds. Douze lectures de "Sanctuaire." Rennes: PU de RennesEondation William Faulkner, 1995. A collection of earlier articles, in English, on the novel. Includes prefatory comments in French by each editor and also a checklist of criticism on the novel.

67.

Bockting, Ineke. Character and Personality in the Novels of William Faulkner. Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 1995. Influenced by psychoanalytic thinkers such as Klein, Homey, and Kristeva, as well as linguistic theory, this is a study of the layered "nature of personality" found in Faulkner's complex characters in the major novels.

68.

Fayen, Tania T. In Search of the Latin American Faulkner. Lanharn, MD: University Press of America, 1995. A comprehensive study of the critical reception of Faulkner in Latin America, of translations, and of his influence on writers there. Compares these responses with those in the United States and sees Latin Americans responding more from a "French, existentialist perspective." Uses "polysystem theory" rather than influence study as a method. Concludes with a section on Borges's translation of The Wild Palms.

69.

Gwynn, Frederick L., and Joseph Blotner, eds. Faulkner in the University. Charlottesville, VA: UP of Virginia, 1995. A reprint of the 1959 edition with a new Introduction by Douglas Day.

70.

Hinkle, James C., and Robert McCoy. Reading Faulkner: The Unvanquished: Glossary and Commentary. Jackson, MS: UP of Mississippi, 1995. Includes a line-by-line reading of the novel.

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71.

Inge, M. Thomas, ed. William Faulkner: The Contemporary Reviews. New York: Cambridge UP, 1995. Reprints hundreds of reviews (and excerpts) from 1925 to 1962.

72.

Kartiganer, Donald M., and Ann J. Abadie, eds. Faulkner and Ideology. Jackson, MS: UP of Mississippi, 1995. Papers from the 1992 conference in Oxford, with an Introduction (vii-xxv) by Kartiganer. Papers are by Bleikasten (# 1790), King (# 1791), Gray (# 1792), Brinkrneyer (#1793), Ownby (#1432), Jones (# 1794), Banta (# 1799, Mellard (#5 19), Davis (# 1330), Miller (#903), Meeter (#1210), Polk (#1394), and Rubin (#904).

73.

Weinstein, Philip, ed. The Cambridge Companion to William Faulkner. New York: Columbia UP, 1995. A collection of nine approaches to Faulkner's work, in effect to several of the "Faulkners" of the late twentieth century within "the broader discursive field within which current commentary on Faulkner is being generated." Opens with an Introduction (1-13) by Weinstein. Essays are by Moreland (# 1785), O'Donnell (#1786), Matthews (#1787), Bleikasten (#1742), Saldivar (#901), Lester (#333), Wittenberg (#725), Porter (#902), and Wadlington (# 1788).

74.

Arnold, Edwin T., and Dawn Trouard. Reading Faulkner: Sanctuary. Jackson: UP of Mississippi, 1996. A line-by-line commentary on the novel with a glossary and a chronology of episodes.

75.

Gresset, Michel, ed. ~ t u d e Faulkndriennes s I: Sanctuary. Rennes: PU de Rennes, 1996. A collection of papers from the Faulkner conference in Rennes, France, in December 1995, with a brief Introduction (7-8) by Gresset. Papers are by Saer (#620), Moulinoux (#621), Moore (#622), Polk (#623), Gresset (#624), Cesari-Stricker (#625), Pitavy (#626), Weinstein (#627), Parker (#628), Guillain (#629), Mason (#630), Gray (#631), Morel1

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(#632), Zeitlin (#633), Fujihira (#634), Massender (#635), and Bleikasten (#636). 76.

Hahn, Stephen, and Arthur F. Kinney, eds. Approaches to Teaching Faulkner 's The Sound and the Fury. New York: Modem Language Association of America, 1996. A collection of essays on teaching the novel, as well as an opening section on useful materials (texts, biographical and historical sources, bibliographies) and an Introduction (1-6). Essays are by Parker (#345), Weinstein (#346), Barthelemy (#347), Cohen and Fowler (#348), Watson (#349), Taylor (#350), Peek (#351), Wittenberg (#352), Tebbetts (#353), Desmond (#354), Liu (#355), Holtz (#356), Duvall (#357), Weinstein (#358), Reid (#359), Matthews (#360), Mortimer (# 1480), Barnett (# 1579), Kinney (# 1603), Clausius (#254 l), and Hahn (#I5 10).

77.

Hines, Thomas S. William Faulkner and the Tangible Past: The Architecture of Yoknapatawpha. Berkeley, CA: U of California P, 1996. A study of "how the built environment served Faulkner as background and foreground, as symbol and subject," of "Faulkner's use of architecture and its accoutrements." Chapters connect real buildings with the fiction and with relationships to Folk, Greek Revival, Gothic, Victorian, and Modem styles.

78.

Holmes, Catherine D. Annotations to William Faulkner S The Hamlet. New York: Garland, 1996.

79.

Horton, Merrill. Annotations to William Faulkner's The Town. New York: Garland, 1996.

80.

Irwin, John T. Doubling and IncesiYRepetition and Revenge: A Speculative Reading of Faulkner. Expanded edition. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 1996. Reprints the 1975 edition with a brief Preface and adds two articles (#600 and #1351).

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81.

Kartiganer, Donald M., and Ann J. Abadie, eds. Faulkner and the Artist. Jackson, MS: UP of Mississippi, 1996. Papers from the 1993 conference in Oxford with an Introduction (ix-xxiv) by Kartiganer. Papers are by Williamson (#2080), Blotner (#208 l), Gresset (# 182l), Donaldson (# 1822), P. Reid (# 1823), Hines (#1824), Morris (#1324), Kreiswirth (#1825), Zeitlin (#82 l), Waid (# 1826), Lahey (# 1827), Hamblin (#910), Rankin (#2082), and Hannah (#2644).

82.

Kartiganer, Donald M., and Ann J. Abadie, eds. Faulkner and Gender. Jackson: UP of Mississippi, 1996. Papers from the 1994 conference in Oxford with an Introduction (vii-xix) by Kartiganer. Papers are by Fowler (# 1816), Polk (# 1817), Duvall (# 1818), Parker (#I8 19), Rogers (#1820), Gwin (#215), Polchin (#6 1.9, Lahey (# 1587), Dimino (#909), Yaeger (#1048), Clarke (#1049), Urgo (#lo8 l), and Weinstein (# 1226).

83.

Kinney, Arthur F., ed. Critical Essays on William Faulkner: The Sutpen Family. New York: G. K. Hall, 1996. A large collection of materials related to the text of and the contexts for Sutpen's story, with an Introduction (1-46) by Kinney. Includes early drafts, passages from histories of the South, early reviews, and reprinted articles and selections by many critics. Includes new essays by Dimino (#914), Stroble (#915), Liu (#9 16), Crabtree (#917), Folsom (#297 l), McGinnis (#2972), and Parker (#2973).

84.

Kinney, Arthur F. Go Down Moses: The Miscegenation ofTime. New York: Twayne, 1996. Includes historical and biographical contexts for the novel, an extensive critical reading for the general reader, a chronology, and a genealogy.

85.

Ladd, Barbara. Nationalism and the Color Line in George W. Cable, Mark Twain, and William Faulkner. Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State UP, 1996.

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Argues that the work of Cable, Twain, and Faulkner "explores the tensions associated with the return of the South to a more nationalistic, deeply racist, and increasingly imperialistic United States" after Reconstruction. 86.

LaLonde, Christopher A. William Faulkner and the Rites of Passage. Macon, GA: Mercer UP, 1996. Studies "the relationship between rites of passage and identity" in Faulkner's fiction as well as the reader's role in those texts. Emphasizes how the structure of rituals "informs issues of textual identity and the identity of Faulkner's characters." An Afterword deals with Faulkner's sense of himself as artist, his self-fictionalization and its tie to his cultural critiques, and his "articulation of the identity" of his readers.

87.

Polk, Noel. Children of the Dark House: Text and Context in Faulkner. Jackson, MS: UP of Mississippi, 1996. A collection of essays, some revised, from the 1980s and 1990s that connect Faulkner's works and life, with an Introduction (vii-xv).

88.

Ross, Stephen M., and Noel Polk. Reading Faulkner: The Sound and the Fury. Jackson, MS: UP of Mississippi, 1996. A glossary and line-by-line commentary on the novel, as well as a chronology of the time levels in the first two sections.

89.

Visser, Irene. Compassion in Faulkner's Fiction. Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellen, 1996. Drawing on reception theory (Jauss, Iser), this discusses "the fbnction and effect that the concept of compassion has in the interaction between text and reader" in Faulkner's fiction through 1932.

90.

Wagner-Martin, Linda, ed. New Essays on Go Down, Moses. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1996.

Books on Faulkner A collection of essays on the novel with an Introduction (1-20) by Wagner-Martin that reviews the history of criticism of the book and argues that it is "the beginning of Faulkner's mature statement about responsibility" and "replicates the process of a mind coming to understanding." Essays are by Matthews (#1220), Wittenberg (# 122I), Gwin (# 1222), Sensibar (#1223), and Davis (# 1224).

91.

Weinstein, Philip M. What Else But Love? The Ordeal of Race in Faulkner and Morrison. New York: Columbia UP, 1996. Discusses "ways in which race and gender 'speak' in Faulkner and Morrison" but not to reduce or deform "the specificity of their achievement." Examines "the ways in which writings that cross the membrane of race may be simultaneously projective and identificatory."

92.

Wolff, Sally, and Floyd C. Watkins, ed. Talking about William Faulkner: Interviews with Jimmy Faulkner and Others. Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State UP, 1996. Interviews with Faulkner's nephew Jimmy about his uncle, the community, and its history. One section includes interviews with two local citizens, Pearle Galloway and Motee Daniel.

93.

Branny, Graiyna. A Conflict of Values: Alienation and Commitment in the Novels of Joseph Conrad and William Faulkner. Krak6w, Poland: Wydawnictwo SPONSOR, 1997. A study that wrestles with the conflicting impulses to negation and affirmation in the fiction and nonfiction of both writers.

94.

Fowler, Doreen. Faulkner: The Return of the Repressed. Charlottesville, VA: UP of Virginia, 1997. Draws on Lacan and other psychoanalytic theorists "to explore the role of the marginalized other in Faulkner's major novels." Shows that often marginalized black and female characters "represent a dis-

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guised return of forbidden desires" and repressed meanings. 95.

Godden, Richard. Fictions of Labor: William Faulkner and the South's Long Revolution. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1997. A "study of what I take to be a key strain in Faulkner's writing during a period of radical labor transformation," this focuses on "the generative social trauma" at the core of his work. Emphasizes The Sound and the Fuly, Absalom, Absalom! and The Wild Palms.

96.

Hbnnighausen, Lothar. Faulkner: Masks and Metaphors. Jackson, MS: UP of Mississippi, 1997. An extensive study of the masks and personae in Faulkner's life and writing; of the metaphoric richness that, in combination with narrative strengths, informs his best fiction; and of his fusion of regional realism with modernist imagery and mannerism in original and creative ways. Among influences on this study are Nietzsche, Ricouer and rhetoric, New Historicism, and reader-response theory.

97.

Kartiganer, Donald M., and Ann J. Abadie, eds. Faulkner in Cultural Context. Jackson, MS: UP of Mississippi, 1997. Papers from the 1995 conference in Oxford, with an Introduction (vii-xiv) by Kartiganer. Papers are by Doyle (# 1852), Jones (# 1853), Railey (#640), Trouard (#641), Wadlington (#737), McKinley (#738), Matthews (#1854), Lester (# 1084), Froehlich (#1126), Schrnitz (#1327), Hannon (#1328), and Bercovitch (#1855).

98.

Kolmerten, Carol A., Stephen M. Ross, and Judith Bryant Wittenberg, eds. Unflinching Gaze: Morrison and Faulkner Re-Envisioned. Jackson, MS: UP of Mississippi, 1997. A collection of essays on Faukner and Morrison with an "Introduction: Refusing to Look Away" (ix-xv) by

Books on Faulkner the three editors. Essays are by Duvall (#1843), Denard (# 1844), Dirnino (# 1845), Weinstein (# 18 14), Batty (#1846), Holloway (#533), MacKethan (#1247), Towner (#534), Byerman (#935), Fowler (#1376), Rubenstein (#936), Hogan (#937), Kodat (#938), Novak (#939), and O'Donnell(#1847). 99.

McHaney, Thomas L., and David L. Vander Meulen, eds. Mosquitoes: A Facsimile and Transcription of the University of Virginia Holograph Manuscript. Charlottesville, VA: Bibliographical Society and University of Virginia Library, 1997.

100.

Millgate, Michael. Faulkner's Place. Athens, GA: U of Georgia P, 1997. A collection of Millgate's earlier essays with a Preface (ix-xiv). Most are from the 1980s.

101.

Rankin, Tom, ed. Faulkner's World: The Photographs of Martin J. Dain. Jackson, MS: UP of Mississippi, 1997. A collection of photographs, taken in the early 1960s, of Faulkner and his region.

102.

Singal, Daniel J. William Faulkner: The Making of a Modernist. Chapel Hill, NC: U of North Carolina P, 1997. An intellectual biography that defines the primary tension in Faulkner as being between late Victorian attitudes and Modernist aesthetics, the latter dominating his creative work only between 1929 and 1942. Sees the Old Colonel and the Cavalier myth as dominant parts of his mind, albeit criticized and undermined in his strong period.

103.

Skei, Hans, ed. William Faulkner's Short Fiction: An International Symposium. Oslo, Norway: Solum Forlag, 1997. Papers from the International Faulkner Symposium in Oslo in 1995, with a Preface (7-8) and "Introduction: The Study of Faulkner's Short Fiction" (9-15) by Skei. Papers are by Bleikasten (#1848), Guillain (# 1498), Jones (#1623), Kartiganer (# 1565), BaSiC

Books on Faulkner

31 (# 1624), Lothe (#1625), Blotner (#1626), P. McHaney (# 1849), Donaldson (#1850), Nicolaisen (#1482), Carothers (#928), Hoffinann (#1123), Millgate (#1858), Pothier (#1124), Gray (#1242), Bockting (#1243), Kleppe (#1244), Matthews (# 1570), Minter (# 1245), Sayre #1627), Zender (# 158l), Moore (# 1604), Pluyaut (# 1599, Hbnnighausen (# 1469), Wittenberg (# 1628), T. McHaney (# 1497), and Brinkrneyer (# 1568).

104.

Vandenverken, David L. Faulkner's Literary Children: Patterns ofDevelopment. New York: Peter Lang, 1997. A study of the developmental patterns of several of Faulkner's male characters-Joe Christmas, Quentin, Sutpen, Ike, Chick, Lucius Priest. An opening chapter (1-21) outlines the theme in the context of human development theory and the tradition of the Bildungsroman.

105.

Verich, Thomas M. A Faulkner 100: The Centennial Exhibition. Oxford, MS: University of Mississippi Libraries Special Collections, 1997. An annotated catalogue of the Faulkner materials displayed by the library.

106.

Wang, Jennie. Novelistic Love in the Platonic Tradition: Fielding, Faulkner, and the Postmodernists. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 1997. Includes a section on Go Down. Moses.

107.

Faulkner, John. My Brother Bill. Athens, GA: Hill Street Press, 1998. A new edition with a Foreword by Jimmy Faulkner.

108.

Inge, M. Thomas, ed. The Achievement of William Faulkner: A Centennial Tribute. Ashland, VA: RandolphMacon College, 1998. Papers from the C. William Gibson Symposium with an Introduction by Inge. Papers are by Blotner (# 1874), Davis (#1875), and Hbnnighausen (# 1876). Included are "The Faulkner 101 Bookshelf' (a bibli-

Books on Faulkner ography) by Inge and "Faulkner Answers Student Questions at the University of Virginia Session" by Inge. 109.

Perosa, Sergio, ed. Le Traduzioni ltaliane di William Faulkner. Venice: Institute Veneto di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti, 1998. A collection of twelve essays on translating Faulkner, nine in Italian and three in English, those by Dowling (#950), Gresset (#1128), and Pitavy (#1086).

110.

Rollyson, Carl. Uses of the Past in the Novels of William Faulkner. Bethesda, MD: International Scholars Publication, 1998. A slightly revised version of an earlier book.

111.

Swisher, Clarice, ed. Readings on William Faulkner. San Diego: Greenhaven, 1998. A collection of critical articles and selections, all from before 1985, with a short bibliographical essay. Jie, Tao, ed. William Faulkner: Achievement and Endurance. Beijing: Peking UP, 1998. Papers from the 1997 International Conference on William Faulkner in Hong Kong, with a Foreword by Tao Jie (1-2). Papers are by Cheung (#946), Hong (#536), Inge (# 187l), Hengshan (#537), Joyner (#947), Kuo (#385), Jianbo (#386), Jianhua (#948), Liu (#538), Moss (#1872), Porter (#1254), Jie (# 1329), TOyama (#1395), Yujie (# 1873), Wong (#1470), Bing (# 192), Minghan (#949), Yang (#1255), Naiqiang (#193), and Shida (#2651). Also included are "William Faulkner: Biography" (36269) and "The Faulkner 100 Bookshelf' (370-80) by M. Thomas Inge, and comments by Vice President He Fangchuan, Deputy Counselor Donald M. Bishop, and Li Wenjun.

113.

Mamoli Zorzi, Rosella, ed. The Translations of Faulkner in Europe. Venice: Supernova Edizioni, 1998.

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Papers from the 1995 conference in Warsaw of the European Association for American Studies. See #2 156 through #2 162. 114.

Claridge, Henry, ed. William Faulkner: Critical Assessments. 4 vols. The Banks, Mountfeld, England: Helm, 1999. A collection of 243 essays, all but one previously published, emphasizing earlier, more traditional criticism.

115.

Connolly, Thomas E. Essays on Fiction: Dickens, Melville, Hawthorne, and Faulkner. Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellen, 1999. Includes four essays on Faulkner, three from earlier years and one that is new (#1893).

116.

Hamblin, Robert W., and Charles A. Peek, eds. A William Faulkner Encyclopedia. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1999. Includes entries not only on characters and works but also on historical and literary contexts, places, movements, events, and persons. Entries are by fiftyfive different persons.

117.

Inge, M. Thomas, ed. Conversations with William Faulkner. Jackson, MS: UP of Mississippi, 1999. Reprints forty interviews with Faulkner as well as the West Point conversations.

118.

Kartiganer, Donald M., and Ann J. Abadie, eds. Faulkner and the Natural World. Jackson, MS: UP of Mississippi, 1999. Papers from the 1996 conference in Oxford with an Introduction (vii-xix) by Kartiganer. Papers are by Buell (# 1259), McHaney (#220), Towner (# 1902), Watson (#752), Dondlinger (#753), Westling (#962), Jehlen (# 1132), Roberts (#1437), Evans (# 1260), Prewitt (#1261), and Kennedy (#397).

119.

Mandal, Somdatta, ed. William Faulkner: A Centennial Tribute. New Delhi, India: Prestige, [1999].

Books on Faulkner A collection of essays with a Foreword (9-13) by Donald M. Kartiganer and an Introduction (1 5-29) by Mandal. The essays are by Davis (#1877), H6nnighausen (# 1895)' Mukherjee (# 1896), Vanikar (#1897), Parasuram (#1898), Inge (#1732), Draxi (#1899), Sengupta (#398), Kundu (#399), Mukhopadhay (#749), Chand (#963), Amin (#964), Lowe (# 1043), Rao (197 1 article), Moreland (fiom #16), Hen (#1262), Nayar (#I33 l), Sequeira (#1332), Ragan (1 983 article), Hook (#14 19), Sinha (# 1462), Wolf (#1900), Mandal (#l655), and Jensen (#2097). 120.

McKee, Patricia. Producing American Races: Henry James, William Faulkner, Toni Morrison. Durham, NC: Duke UP, 1999. Building on recent critical race studies, particularly of "whiteness," this focuses on "the different cultural media that produce" racial identities in the work of three major novelists. The emphasis is on "the extension of cultural reproduction to the individual consciousness." Analyzes two novels by each writer.

121.

Railey, Kevin. Natural Aristocracy: History, Ideology, and the Production of William Faulkner. Tuscaloosa, AL: U of Alabama P, 1999. A study of Faulkner's authorial ideology and social vision, grounded in a materialist methodology, this argues that while Faulkner was biased toward a paternalistic perspective in opposition to an emerging liberal economic model, he then gravitated toward a synthesis in a Jeffersonian image of "natural aristocracy."

122.

Skei, Hans H. Reading Faulkner S Best Short Stories. Columbia, SC: U of South Carolina P, 1999. An introduction to his work "as a short story writer" along with "readings of twelve of Faulkner's best stories."

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123.

Tredell, Nicolas, ed. William Faulkner: The Sound and the Fury, As I Lay Dying. New York: Columbia UP, 1999. A Columbia Critical Guide, this surveys, comments on, and quotes from criticism of the two novels in five chapters by decades (1929-1949, 1950s and 1960s, 1970s, 1980s, 1990s). This was first published in the UK by Icon Books Ltd.

124.

Baker, Charles. William Faulkner 's Postcolonial South. New York: Peter Lang, 2000. Studies Faulkner's fiction through the lens of postcolonial theory by considering the South as a defeated country that after the Civil War developed a mind-set not unlike that of other defeated nations such as Japan and of colonized peoples.

125.

Bleikasten, Andrd, Michel Gresset, Nicole Moulinoux, and Franqois Pitavy, eds. ~ t u d e Faulknkriennes s 11: Naissances de Faulkner. Rennes: PU de Rennes, 2000. A collection of papers from the 1997 conference in Europe, with an Introduction, "Father Faulkner: Beginnings and Begettings" (7-1 3) by Bleikasten. Each editor then writes an introduction to a section: Moulinoux (A L'dcriture, 15-17), Gresset (au Langage, 41-42), Bleikasten (au Ddsir, 69-70), Pitavy (A L'histoire, 105-6). Papers are by Hbnnighausen (# 1940), Matthews (# 199, McHaney (# 194I), Polk (# 1942), Bagid (# 1943), Guillemin-Flescher (#408), Materassi (#409), Mamoli Zorzi (#1944), Parker (#1609), Weinstein (# 1943, Zeitlin (#1946), CesariStricker (#1089), Nicolaisen (# 127l), and Pothier (# 1947).

126.

Kartiganer, Donald M., and Ann J. Abadie, eds. Faulkner at 100: Retrospect and Prospect. Jackson, MS: UP of Mississippi, 2000. Papers from the 1997 conference in Oxford. Opening comments are by Kartiganer, "In Place of an Introduction: Reading Faulkner" (xiii-xxvi), and Joseph Blotner (#1920). Papers are by Holditch (#2099),

Books on Faulkner

HBnnighausen (# 192I), Polk (# 1922), Millgate (# 1923), Weinstein (# 1924), Mortimer (#1133), Moreland (#1333), Matthews (#407), Skei (#1925), Wittenberg (#97 l), Zender (# 1926), Porter (#972), Fowler (#973), Minter (#974), Irwin (#1927), Davis (# 1270), McHaney (#2 loo), Sensibar (#2 10 l), Kinney (#1607), Bleikasten (#1928), Donaldson (#1929), Gwin (#1930), Wadlington (# 193l), and Murray (#1932). There is also a "Coda" (#1933) with comments by several participants. 127.

Mamoli Zorzi, Rosella, and Pia Masiero Marcolin, eds. William Faulkner in Venice. Venice: Marsilio, 2000. Proceedings of the 1997 International Conference: Language, Stylistics, Translations, in Venice. There is a "Foreword: Faulkner in Venice" (1 1-18) by Mamoli Zorzi. Papers are by Polk (#1717), HBnnighausen (#975), Moore (#1934), Bleikasten (# 1939, Materassi (#654), McHaney (# 1936), Doyle (#1937), Pothier (#1134), Matthews (#407), Bockting (#325), Portelli (# 1267), Pedersen (# 1632), LiCnard (#547), Manella (#976), Vescovi (# 1574), Serrai (# 1633), Muscio (#655), Marcolin (# 1268), Marano (#1357), Vendrame (#410), Rizzo (# 155l), Secco (# 1608), Frey (#4 1I), Evans (# 1135), Petillon (#1938), and Perosa (#1939).

128.

McHaney, Thomas L. William Faulkner. Detroit: Gale, 2000. Gale Study Guide to Great Literature: Literary Masters. Vol. 6. A guide for students with sections on, for example, Faulkner's life, techniques, critical reception, and historical and literary era.

129.

Nosek, Janet. My Mother Is a Fish: A Commonplace Reader of William Faulkner's Fiction. Lanham, MD: International Scholars Publications, 2000. An extensive collection of selected passages from Faulkner's fiction with a minimal amount of editorial commentary. The Introduction is by Robert West, the Preface by Charles Peek.

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130.

Paddock, Lisa. Contrapuntal in Integration: A Study of Three Faulkner Short Story Volumes. Lanham, MD: International Scholars Press, 2000. A study of Faulkner's organizing principles in three collections of stories, These 13, Doctor Martino, and Collected Stories. Argues that counterpoint, judicious selection, pairing, and transitional connections were all important factors.

131.

Towner, Theresa M. Faulkner on the Color Line: The Later Novels. Jackson, M S : UP of Mississippi, 2000. A study of Faulkner's later novels as explorations of racial ideologies and cultural assumptions. Argues that while Faulkner knew he could not successfully present experience from a black person's perspective, he could again and again, and with an obsessive interest in narrative experimentation, unpack "how racial identity is formed and maintained" in a society. In "Faulkner's later career," race and art become "functions of one another."

132.

Watson, James G. William Faulkner: Self-presentation and Performance. Austin, T X : U of Texas P, 2000. Explores Faulkner's work as "a self-presenting art characterized by confident creation of personal modes of expression." Connects the fiction to the author's "emotional biography." Argues that performance is "the heightened mode of written expression that reassembles familiar experience in the forms and language of spectacle."

133.

Doyle, Don H. Faulkner 's County: The Historical Roots of Yoknapatawpha. Chapel Hill, NC: U of North Carolina P, 200 1. A history of Lafayette County that provides a context for understanding Faulkner's use of local history and lore in developing his fiction. Includes chapters on Native American backgrounds, white settlers, slavery, the Civil War, Reconstruction, "Rednecks," and more recent decades.

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134.

Hahn, Stephen, and Robert M. Hamblin, eds. Teaching Faulkner: Approaches and Methods. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 200 1. A collection of essays with an Introduction (1-7) by the editors. New essays are by Weinstein (#1958), Fowler (#1583), Peek (#1584), Hahn (#425), Edinger (#549), Balkun (#662), Bloom (#766), Duvall(#978), Makowsky and Johnson (#1054), Evans (#1135), Kinney (#1272), Froehlich (#1273), Hamblin (#1336), Schreiber (#1337), LaLonde (#1380), Vanderwerken (# 1959), and Tebbetts (# 1960). Reprinted commentaries are by Towner and Srikanth.

135.

Minter, David. Faulkner 's Questioning Narratives: Fictions of His Major Phase, 1929-42. Urbana, IL: U of Illinois P, 200 1. A set of essays on Faulkner's major period, exploring the author's modernist technical originality that also questions modernism's techniques and aesthetics, but also considering his treatment of major social issues and the complicated ways his fiction is entangled with southern history.

136.

Rio-Jelliffe, R. Obscurity's Myriad Components: The Theory and Practice of William Faulkner. Lewisburg, PA: Bucknell UP, 200 1. Explores Faulkner's "theory of language and narrative, founded on the writer's belief in the bisected nature of language, of human beings, and of the universe." Argues that early in his career Faulkner recognized "the treacherous nature of his medium" and developed strategies to transcend the limitations of language.

137.

Schreiber, Evelyn Jaffe. Subversive Voices: Entertaining the Other in William Faulkner and Toni Morrison. Knoxville, TN: U of Tennessee P, 200 1. Drawing on Lacan's theory of subjectivity and recent work in culture studies, this is an analysis of "hegemonic structures, social constructions of subjectivity, and the interactions between stratified segments of

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society" in the fiction of the two authors. It focuses on how "marginalized characters . . . gain agency for social change." 138.

Tbyama, Kiyoko M. Faulkner and the Modern Fable. Lanham, MD: International Scholars Publications, 2001. A "personal" reading of seven Faulkner novels, building on the critic's negotiation between Japanese and western culture and in a context of her reading of other writers-Mishima, O'Neill, Bellow, and Fuentes.

139.

Urgo, Joseph R., and Ann J. Abadie, eds. Faulkner in America. Jackson, MS: UP of Mississippi, 200 1. Papers from the 1998 conference in Oxford with an Introduction (ix-xxvii) by Urgo. Papers are by Godden (# 1137), Spillers (#4 19), Polk (#980), Nicolaisen (#1954), Kodat (# 1397), Urgo (#1955), Peek (#552), Wagner-Martin (# 1275), Wilson (# 1956), and McKee (#1957).

140.

Bleikasten, Andrk, et al., ed. ~ t u d e sFaulkn4riennes Ill: Faulkner's Maturity. Rennes, France: PU de Rennes, 2002. A collection of essays, on the 1939-1942 novels, by Pitavy (#1093), Zeitlin (# 1094), Lurie (#1095), Polk (# 144l), Gresset/Pothier (# 1139), Watson (# 1140), Pothier 1 141, Bleikasten (# 1280), Fujihira (# 128l), Hiraishi (# 1282), Bockting (# 1283), Moulinoux (# 1284), Lahey (# 1285), Masiero Marcolin (#1286), and Mamoli Zorzi (#1287).

141.

Bloom, Harold, ed. Bloom 's BioCritiques: William Faulkner. New York: Chelsea, 2002.

142.

Duvall, John N., and Ann J. Abadie, eds. Faulkner and Postmodernism. Jackson, MS: UP of Mississippi, 2002. Papers from the 1999 conference in Oxford with an Introduction (vii-xvi) by Duvall. Papers are by Hassan (#1974), Weinstein (#773), Duvall (# 191l), Hite (#991), Tebbetts (#1276), Fowler (#992), Kreiswirth

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(#993), Urgo (#825), Lester (#1975), Cohen (#1976), and Barth (# 1977). 143.

Faragnoli, A. Nicholas, and Michael Golay, eds. William Faulkner A to Z: The Essential Reference to His L f e and Work. New York: Checkmark Books, 2002. An encyclopedic reference to characters, works, and background information.

144.

Medoro, Dana. The Bleeding of America: Menstruation as Symbolic Economy in Pynchon, Faulkner, and Morrison. New York: Greenwood, 2002. Drawing on Derrida, Kristeva, and Girard, connects Faulkner to American myths of purification, regeneration, and expulsion, going back to puritan jeremiads, and to an underlying "economy of menstruation" which "functions as a transformative way of writing about the blood spilled" in our wars.

145.

Oakley, Helen. The Recontextualitation of William Faulkner in Latin American Fiction and Culture. Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellen Press, 2002. An intertextual study of Faulkner and three Latin American writers, emphasizing the dialogical relationship they establish with his fiction. There is a Preface by Mark Millington.

146.

Wagner-Martin, Linda, ed. William Faulkner: Six Decades of Criticism. East Lansing, MI: Michigan State UP, 2002. A collection of reprinted articles with an Introduction (vii-xvii) by Wagner-Martin.

147.

Zender, Karl F. Faulkner and the Politics of Reading. Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State UP, 2002. A collection of six essays connected by a concern with "a critic whose methods and outlooks were formed in the 1960s" adjusting his readings of Faulkner in a poststructuralist age. Zender is sympathetic to and critical of feminist, materialist, and other new

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perspectives, and maintains a strong appreciation of and insight into Faulkner. 148.

Davis, Thadious M. Games of Property: Law, Race, Gender and Faulkner 's Go Down, Moses. Durham, NC: Duke UP, 2003. An "extended meditation" on Faulkner's book, drawing on critical race theory, game theory, legal and historical perspectives, and poststructuralist theory, this takes Tomey's Turl "as the center of my thinking about Faulkner's text."

149.

Dussere, Erik. Balancing the Books: Faulkner, Morrison, and the Economies of Slavery. New York: Routledge, 2003. An intertextual study drawing on the traditions and tropes "drawn from the economics of slavery with an eye to its impact on the present," this includes an Introduction (1-12) laying out the purpose of exploring the various "aesthetic forms that can reinvent or reinterpret" the discourses and "narratives and traditions that surround slavery."

150.

Harnblin, Robert W., and Ann J. Abadie, eds. Faulkner in the Twenty-First Century. Jackson, MS: UP of Mississippi, 2003. Papers from the 2000 conference in Oxford with an Introduction (ix-xvi) by Hamblin and "Opening Remarks" (xix-xx) by Donald M. Kartiganer. Papers are by Towner (# 1982), Kreyling (#1983), Ladd (# 1984), Cohn (# 1985), Trefzer (#I616), Duck (# 1986), O'Donnell (# 1987), Zender (# 1277), Michaels (#1000), and Hamblin (#1988).

151.

Hobson, Fred, ed. William Faulkner's Absalom, Absalom! Oxford: Oxford UP, 2003. A collection of previously published commentaries, some shortened, on the novel with an Introduction (315) by Hobson.

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152.

Terasawa, Mizuko. The Rape of the Nation and the Hymen Fantasy: Japan's Modernity, the American South, and Faulkner. Tr. Tomoko Kuribayashi. Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 2003. A rethinking of Faulkner written out of some anger with long-term American imperialism toward Japan, this criticizes not only the effect of "political correctness" on Faulkner studies but also the romantic "Galahad-complex" in America that sees American humanism as universal. Sees Faulkner as distinctly a southern, rather than an American, writer, one free of the bias of "universal humanism," but one connecting evil to sexual defilement and women.

153.

Welty, Eudora. On William Faulkner. Jackson, MS: UP of Mississippi, 2003. A collection of Welty's comments on Faulkner, some previously published and others appearing for the first time in print. Also included are "Foreword: Welty on Faulkner" (9-15) by Hunter Cole and "Afterword: Welty and Faulkner and the Southern Literary Tradition" (73-95) by Noel Polk.

154.

Gresset, Michel, and Patrick Samway, S.J., eds. A Gathering of Evidence: Essays on William Faulkner 's Intruder in the Dust. Philadelphia: Saint Joseph's UP, 2004. A collection of essays on the novel with an Introduction (ix-xiii) by the editors. New essays are by Fujihira (#1344) and Kartiganer (#1345). Others are by Clark (#13 1a), Hamblin (#1336), Hannon (#1328), Karaganis (#1892), Moreland (# 1326), Schmitz (# 1327), and Schreiber (#1335). Earlier essays by Brooks, Polk, and Carey are included.

155.

Lurie, Peter. Vision S Immanence: Faulkner, Film, and the Popular Imagination. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 2004. A study of four novels from the 1930s that both inscribe and critique popular culture forms of the day, in particular romantic film, melodrama, and detective novels. Historicizes Faulkner as a modernist, critical

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of sentimental popular culture, but also a writer intrigued by its attractions. 156.

Mandal, Somdatta. Reflections, Refractions and Rejections: Three American Writers and the Celluloid World. Leeds, England: Wisdom House, 2004. Studies "the interaction of film and fiction, both thematic and stylistic," in the age of modernism. Uses Faulkner, Fitzgerald, and Hemingway as the primary novelists for study. One chapter is called "William Faulkner: The 'Motion-Picture Doctor"' (3 19-32), but most discussion on Faulkner is about cinematic techniques in novels and stories, matters such as handling of time, juxtaposition, visual consciousness, and point of view.

157.

Parini, Jay. One Matchless Time: A Lve of William Faulkner. New York: Harper Collins, 2004. A very readable biography by a poet-critic, this brings narrative coherence to the period of Faulkner's maturing, to his Hollywood sojourns, and to his final years with due attention to his financial worries and alcohol problem. It portrays well the broad range of persons with whom Faulkner interacted but does not shed much new light on the novels themselves or address questions raised by recent critics.

158.

Peek, Charles A., and Robert W. Hamblin, eds. A Companion to Faulkner Studies. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2004. A collection of thirteen essays, each explaining how a particular critical method or theory or approach can add understanding of Faulkner's works and how critics using such approaches have added to such understanding. Essays are by Hamblin (#2174), Towner (#2 175), Ramsey (#2 176), Railey (#2 177), Raschke (#2 178), Tebbetts (#2 179), Lurie (#2 180), Fowler (#2 18l), Carvill (#2 182), Knights (#2 183), Inge (#2 184), Linnemann and Cohen (#2 185), and Peek (#2186). There are also a bibliography and a glossary.

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159.

Polk, Noel, and Ann J. Abadie, eds. Faulkner and War. Jackson, MS: UP of Mississippi, 2004. Papers from the 2001 conference in Oxford with an "Introduction: Faulkner and War and Peace" (vii-xiii) by Polk. Papers are by Doyle (#2000), Watson (#2001), Liman (#567), Mesquita (# 1012), Lowe (#2002), Madden (# 1013), HBnnighausen (# 1399), and Polk (#1400).

160.

Rueckert, William H. Faulkner from Within: Destructive and Generative Being in the Novels of William Faulkner. West Lafayette, IN:Parlor, 2004. An insightful set of hermeneutic readings, but readings whose first drafting goes back to the 1970s and are therefore informed by the ideas of Bachelard, Barthes, Burke, and Hillis Miller more than by recent theorists and recent Faulkner criticism. Focuses on "the selves that Faulkner created, and the extent to which they are destructive or generative, destroyed or victimized, redemptive or redeemed." Sees the late novels as all tied to "constructive social action" even when like the great earlier ones connecting "the searching action" with "coming to true knowledge."

161.

Smith, Jon, and Deborah Cohn, eds. Look Away! The U.S. South in New World Studies. Durham, NC: Duke UP, 2004. Includes seven essays on Faukner that focus on "William Faulkner and Latin America" and on issues of race. Essays are by Matthews (#790), Merrim (# 1018), Faris (#569), Weinstein (#20 1O), Johnson (#1019), Oakley (#201 l), and Fitz (#2012).

162.

Suwabe, Koiche. A Faulkner Bibliography. Buffalo, NY: Center for Studies in American Culture, 2004. A checklist of Faulkner criticism arranged alphabetically, without annotations, cross-references, or topical divisions.

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163.

Urgo, Joseph R., and Ann J. Abadie, eds. Faulkner and His Contemporaries. Jackson, MS: UP of Mississippi, 2004. Papers from the 2002 conference in Oxford, with an Introduction (ix-xxv) by Urgo and a "Tribute to Jimmy Faulkner (1923-2001)" by Donald M. Kartiganer (xxxi-xxxii). Papers are by Baker (#2003), Holditch (#2090), Skaggs (#2004), Kartiganer (#2005), Monteiro (#2006), Clarke (#2007), Prenshaw (#2008), Pitavy-Souques (# 134l), Hale (#2 120), and M. T. Inge and D. R. C. Inge (#2662).

164.

Volpe, Edmond L. A Reader's Guide to William Faulkner: The Short Stories. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse UP, 2004. Includes a short explication of each story divided into three periods, 1919-1926, 1927-1931, 1932-1954, and also an Introduction (1 - 17) on topics such as narrative techniques and character types. Does not include stories that are also parts of novels, unless included in Collected Stories. In 2003 the press republished Volpe's A Reader's Guide to William Faulkner: The Novels (1964).

165.

Yamaguchi, Ryuichi. Faulkner's Artistic Vision: The Bizarre and the Terrible. Madison, NJ: Fairleigh Dickinson UP, 2004. A study of the role of humor and satire, generally in counterpoint with honor or tragedy, in Faulkner's first nine novels.

166.

Zeitlin, Michael, Andrk Bleikasten, and Nicole Moulinoux, eds. Misrecognition, Race and the Real in Faulkner's Fiction. Rennes, France: PU de Rennes, 2004. A collection of essays, many influenced by ideas of Lacan, of "m~connaissance," or misrecognition, related to issues of race, memory, and the gap between reality and perception. Essays are by Zeitlin (#1998), Adarnson (# 1306)' Duvall (# 1307), Eddy (# 1308), Dyck (# 1494), Crawford (# 101O), Wulfrnan (# 101 l), Green (#787), Stringer (#788), and Hinrichsen (#668).

Books on Faulkner

46 167.

Atkinson, Ted. Faulkner and the Great Depression. Athens, GA: U of Georgia P, 2005. Argues that Faulkner's fiction in the 1930s was "very much attuned to the American experience," that far from being irrelevant to the study of the Depression and the New Deal, "Faulkner offers us remarkable insight into Depression history and culture on the basis of his expansive social vision." While ideologically ambivalent, the fiction very much "engages a crucial historical and cultural moment."

168.

Bauer, Margaret Donovan. William Faulkner's Legaq: "what shadow, what stain, what mark. " Gainesville, FL: UP of Florida, 2005. Explores ways in which a few of Faulkner's contemporaries and several later novelists-including black and female writers-re-visioned themes and patterns in Faulkner's fiction.

169.

Folks, Jeffrey J. Southern & Caribbean Narrative from Faulkner to Naipaul. New York: Peter Lang, 2005. Discusses the ways in which modem writers responded to the pessimistic radical skepticism of the twentieth century and tried to reestablish a coherent basis for stable belief. Includes three essays on Faulkner (#780, # 1101, # 1383).

170.

Frank, Armin Paul, and Rolf Lohse, eds. Internationality in American Fiction: Henry James, William Dean Howells, William Faulkner, Toni Morrison. Frankfurt, Germany: Peter Lang, 2005. A collection of essays, three covering Faulkner, seeing an American literature in an international context and sharing "the methodological orientation of writer response criticism." The three are by Messmer (#799), Koch (#2024), and Lohse (#450).

171.

Hannon, Charles. Faulkner and the Discourses of Culture. Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State UP, 2005. A discursive approach to Faulkner that focuses on voice and on the relationship of texts to "discourses

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of culture contemporary with them." Balances theories of Foucault and Bakhtin as tools for a study of "the production of subjectivity and subject positions." Emphasizes the "uneasy relation between discourse and the individual subject." Labatt, Blair. Faulkner the Storyteller. Tuscaloosa, AL: U of Alabama P, 2005. A narratological study of episodes,fabulae, and plots in Faulkner's fiction as a "window into the form of novels" and as a "way of understanding" his "unique attributes." Emphasizes the three novels of the Snopes trilogy, whose stories were drafted over thirty years and whose novels represent diverse roles for plots and narrative voices. 173.

Rovit, Earl, and Arthur Waldhorn, eds. Hemingway and Faulkner in Their Time. New York: Continuum, 2005. A "compilation of the remarks and responses" of contemporaries on the two writers.

174.

Urgo, Joseph R., and Ann J. Abadie, eds. Faulkner and the Ecology of the South. Jackson, MS: UP of Mississippi, 2005. Papers from the 2003 conference in Oxford with an Introduction (ix-xxii) by Urgo. Papers are by Tichi (# 1099), Weinstein (#2029), Anderson (#452), Fisher-Wirth (# 1030), Wainwright (# 1450), Pitavy (#2030), McHaney (#1311), Slovic (#2663), de la Houssaye (#2664), and Berner (#2 188).

175.

Weinstein, Philip. Unknowing: The Work of Modernist Fiction. Ithaca, NY: Cornell UP, 2005. This book, which argues that much of the work of Kafka, Proust, and Faulkner "consists in strenuous acts of unknowing" and thereby tries to redefine "the project of Western modernism," includes several sections on Faulkner.

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48

176.

Hickman, Lisa C. William Faulkner and Joan Williams: The Romance of Two Writers. Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2006. A biographical study, emphasizing the years 1949 to 1953, of the relationship between Faulkner and Joan Williams, drawing on many letters between them. There is a Foreword by Richard Bausch.

177.

Inge, M. Thomas. William Faulkner. New York: Overlook Duckworth, 2006. A concise biography with illustrations and photographs.

178.

Jackson, Tommie Lee. "High-Topped Shoes" and Other Signifiers of Race, Class, Gender, and Ethnicity in Selected Fiction by William Faulkner and Toni Morrison. Lanham, MD: UP of America, 2006. Extends the scholarship connecting Faulkner and Morrison by focusing on a series of tropes, signs, and artifacts that signify--in similar or different waysin the fiction of both writers.

179.

Marius, Richard. Reading Faulkner: An Introduction to the First Thirteen Novels. Knoxville, TN:U of Tennessee P, 2006. Based on lectures Marius prepared in 1996 for a course taught at Harvard, these commentaries cover novels through 1942 as well as two general topics, "Faulkner and Blacks" and "Faulkner and the Mythological World." An introductory chapter focuses on "A Rose for Emily."

180.

Robinson, Owen. Creating Yoknapatawpha: Readers and Writers in Faulkner's Fiction. New York: Routledge, 2006. Focuses on the "crucial interplay between the reading and writing processes involved in the construction of the textual environment and those that occur within it, and the nature and significance of the world that is created between these many forces." The "dynamic of Faulkner's work is most keenly discovered" in the

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"analogous situations that exist between readers and writers of and in the fiction." 181.

Towner, Theresa M., and James B. Carothers. Reading Faulkner: Collected Stories. Jackson, MS: UP of Mississippi, 2006. Commentary, annotations, and glossary for each of the stories in Collected Stories.

182.

Weinstein, Arnold. Recovering Your Story: Proust, Joyce, WooK Faulkner, Morrison. New York: Random House, 2006. A highly personal yet analytic reading of a set of novels by five major modem writers who have profoundly influenced the author in the course of his life and career. The Faulkner section is a reading of The Sound and the Futy and Absalom, Absalom!

11. Studies of Individual Novels Soldiers ' Pay 183.

Bleikasten, AndrB. "A trial run: Soldiers ' Pay." The Ink of Melancholy (#2; 1990), pp. 17-22. Discusses it as a self-conscious, stylized novel, "a nexus between Faulkner's early poetry and prose and the novels to come," a book that "marks the beginning of' his exorcising of his narcissism.

184.

Harrington, Gary. "Soldiers ' Pay." Faulkner 's Fables of Creativity (#lo; 1990), pp. 9-23. Focuses on language and Faulkner's interest in the artist's approach to his craft.

185.

Scoblionko, Andrew. "Subjectivity and Homelessness in Soldiers ' Pay." Faulkner Journal 8, i (Fall 1992): 6 1-7 1. Drawing on Lacan's ideas on the "fragmented subject," discusses "the interrelationship between place and subjectivity" in the novel, the problem of surviving by learning "how to familiarize an alien space."

186.

McHaney, Thomas L. "At Play in the Fields of Freud: Faulkner and Misquotation." In Faulkner, His Contemporaries, and His Posterity (#56; 1993), pp. 64-76. On the "development of Faulkner's use of Freudian" ideas, with attention also to The Sound and the Fuly.

187.

Zeitlin, Michael. "The Passion of Margaret Powers: A Psychoanalytic Reading of Soldiers' Pay." Mississippi Quarterly 46, iii (Summer 1993): 35 1-72. Argues that Margaret was important to Faulkner's artistic growth, his "first major effort to give a certain representational and ontological legitimacy to what the male characters . . . experience as woman's 'otherness."'

Novels: Soldiers ' Pay

52 188.

Gray, Richard. The Life of William Faulkner (#59; 1994), pp. 110-18. Emphasizes the feelings of absence, loss, and longing haunting characters, often dramatized through their relationship to Donald.

189.

Visser, Irene. "Soldiers' Pay." Compassion in Faulkner S Fiction (#88; 1996), pp. 59-100. Says that although the novel reflects Faulkner's interest in pity and compassion, best exemplified in Margaret, its weaknesses keep compassion from being a major part "of the book's affective impact."

190.

Bledsoe, Erik. "Margaret Mitchell's Review of Soldiers'

Pay." Mississippi Quarterly 49, iii (Summer 1996): 59193. A review in the Atlanta Journal signed "Peggy Mitchell." 191.

Singal, Daniel J. William Faulkner (#102; 1997), pp. 6170. Argues that although the novel is "filled with up-todate literary techniques" borrowed from others, it "is still essentially post-Victorian in its basic orientation," as shown in its handling of sexuality.

192.

Bing, Wu. "Soldiers' Pay as a Germ of Faulkner's Great Literary Career." In Faulkner: Achievement and Endurance (# 112; 1998), pp. 266-82. Says that Faulkner's techniques here anticipate the methods in his great novels, as in his way of disclosing information "little by little" and his use of various devices for "thought presentation."

193.

Naiqiang, Yao. "Faulkner's Soldiers ' Pay:A Southerner's Romance and Modem Warfare." In Faulkner: Achievement and Endurance (#112; 1998), pp. 3 19-35. Focuses on use of myth, romantic elements, and the distinction in the novel between love and sex.

Novels: Soldiers ' Pay

53

194.

Lynch, Jacquelyn Scott. "Postwar Play: Gender Performatives in Faulkner's Soldiers' Pay." Faulkner Journal 14, i (Fall 1998): 3-20. Explores "Faulkner's experimentation with the postwar amalgamation of sexual identities and the ways in which they may transgress heterosexual imperatives," but concludes that in the end the book is an "artistic muddle."

195.

Matthews, John T. "The Scene of Faulkner's Birth into Fiction." Naissances de Faulkner (#125; 2000), pp. 2327. Focusing on "Faulkner's efforts to place himself as a writer in a field of cultural production," discusses the role of Liveright particularly and new publishing houses generally to Faulkner's first novels, with their sense of sexual liberation and their criticism of the provincial small town.

196.

Wulfman, Clifford E. "Sighting/Siting/Citing the Scar: Trauma and Homecoming in Faulkner's Soldiers' Pay." Studies in American Fiction 3 1 , i (Spring 2003): 29-43. Studies the pattern of trauma tied to Mahon's return from war.

197.

Yamaguchi, Ryuichi. "'Watch it Fall, Sir': Soldiers' Pay." Faulkner's Artistic Vision (#165; 2004), pp. 21-43. Studies humor, satire, and situational ironies in a novel about postwar alienation, "hollow emotions, and cosmic despair."

198.

Polk, Noel, and Joseph Blotner, eds. Novels 1926-1929: Soldiers' Pay, Mosquitoes, Flags in the Dust, The Sound and the Fury. New York: Library of America, 2006. Newly edited authoritative texts.

Further commentary: #179, #1438, #1820, #200 1, #2002, #2004.

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Mosquitoes 199.

Michel, Frann. "William Faulkner as Lesbian Author." Faulkner Journal 4, i-ii (Fall 1988-Spring 1989): 5-20. Discusses a male feminization in Faulkner's work, here evident at the "level of characters and plot" and at "the metaphorical level of the relation between author and text."

200.

Bleikasten, Andrk. "A divertissement: Mosquitoes." The Ink of Melancholy (#2; 1990), pp. 22-29. Discusses it as a satiric novel about "an enervated bisexual world."

201.

Harrington, Gary. "Mosquitoes." Faulkner's Fables of Creativity (# 10; 1990), pp. 24-43. Focuses on language, metafictional matters, and Faulkner's concern with "various artistic positions."

202.

Wittenberg, Judith Bryant. "Configuration of the Female and Textual Politic in Mosquitoes." Faulkner Studies (Japan) 1, i (1991): 1-19. Deals with tensions in the novel between patriarchal gender assumptions and radical questioning of conventional binary gender roles.

203.

Arnold, Edwin T. "The Last of the Shropshire Lad: David West, Faulkner, and Mosquitoes." Faulkner Studies (Japan) 1, i (1991): 21-41. Traces the autobiographical, and the Housmaninfluenced, aspects of David's character from Faulkner's early prose through this novel and beyond.

204.

Carothers, James B. "'The Dead Tranquil Queens': Sculptors and Sculpture in Faulkner's Fiction." The Artist and His Masks (#34; 1991), pp. 65-78. Discusses the three sculptors in Faulkner's fiction, all generally positive characterizations (David, Charlotte, Kohl) and the significance of their artistry in their novels.

Novels: Mosquitoes

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205.

Dailfenbach, Claus. "The Aesthetics of Form: Sculpture and Sculptor in Mosquitoes." In The Artist and His Masks (#34; 1991), pp. 79-88. Traces Faulkner's fascination with sculpture and the torso back to late Romantic ideas about poetry, sculpture, and formal perfection.

206.

Koyarna, Toshio. "Satyricon in Starlight: Faulkner's SelfParody." Kwansei Gakuin University Annual Studies 40 (1991): 27-33. Sees the novel as in part a self-parody.

207.

Bryan, Violet Harrington. "The Double Dealer Movement and New Orleans as Courtesan in Faulkner's Mosquitoes and Absalom, Absalom!" The Myth ofNew Orleans in Literature: Dialogues of Race and Gender. Knoxville, TN: U of Tennessee P, 1993, pp. 79-94. On Faulkner's use of certain New Orleans associations in two novels.

208.

Rado, Lisa. "'A Perversion That Builds Chartres and Invents Lear Is a Pretty Good Thing': Mosquitoes and Faulkner's Androgynous Imagination." Faulkner Journal 9, i-ii (Fall 1993-Spring 1994): 13-30. Reprinted in The Modern A n d r o ~ n eImagination: A Failed Sublime. Charlottesville: UP of Virginia, 2000. Argues that the novel is important "because of its foregrounding of Faulkner's sexual and artistic anxieties. During "a culturally motivated crisis of artistic authority," for Faulkner "sexual indeterminacy is consistently linked to the artist and to creativity."

209.

Gwin, Minrose C. "Mosquitoes' Missing Bite: The Four Deletions." Faulkner Journal 9, i-ii (Fall 1993-Spring 1994): 31-41. On four passages excised by the publisher, all presenting homoerotic material that would change the texture of the novel.

210.

Altman, Meryl. "The Bug That Dare Not Speak Its Name: Sex, Art, Faulkner's Worst Novel and the Critics." Faulkner Journal 9, i-ii (Fall 1993-Spring 1994): 43-68.

Novels: Mosquitoes Exploring some central issues in Faulkner's "artlessly incoherent" novel, this emphasizes "his ability to 'write the feminine,"' gender anxieties and epicene characters, lesbian eroticism, and "aesthetic metadiscourse." 211.

Gray, Richard. The Life of William Faulkner (#59; 1994), pp. 118-26. Emphasizes autobiographical factors behind the artist-characters and the tie between art and sexual patterns.

212.

LaLonde, Christopher A. "Mosquitoes and the Rites of Passage: Making Space and Time." William Faulkner and the Rites of Passage (#86; 1996), pp. 37-64. Relating the novel to the unfinished "Elmer," discusses it as the first book in which Faulkner appropriates "rites of passage as organizing principle, as narrative strategy," and as theme.

213.

Skaggs, Merrill Maguire. "Thefts and Conversation: Cather and Faulkner." Cather Studies 3 (1996): 115-38. On connections to The Professor's House but also to later Cather works.

214.

Visser, Irene. "Mosquitoes." Compassion in Faulkner's Fiction (#89; 1996), pp. 101-19. Shows that passages needing a "compassionate response . . . are at odds with the general narrative and affective structure."

215.

Gwin, Minrose C. "Did Ernest Like Gordon? Faulkner's Mosquitoes and the Bite of 'Gender Trouble.'" In Faulkner and Gender (#82; 1996), pp. 120-44. Discusses the novel as one in which Faulkner deals with several kinds of sexual relationships and learns what boundaries the writer must observe in treating sexual issues.

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216.

McHaney, Thomas L., and David L. Vander Meulen, eds. Mosquitoes: A Facsimile and Transcription of the University of Virginia Holograph Manuscript (#99; 1997).

217.

Singal, Daniel J. William Faulkner: The Making of a Modernist (#102; 1997), pp. 81-92. Says the novel was especially important to Faulkner as he worked out his own artistic identity.

218.

Dallfenbach, Claus. "A Portrait of the Modernist as a Young Aesthete: Faulkner's Mosquitoes." Amerikastudien 42, iv (1997): 547-58. Emphasizes "the heavily stylized portrait of New Orleans," the use of poetic techniques such as synesthesia, and the importance of sculpture and the torso.

219.

Chamier, Suzanne. "Faulkner and Queneau: Raymond Queneau's Preface to Mosquitoes." Faulkner Journal 13, i-ii (Fall 1997-Spring 1998): 15-36. On the relationship with Queneau, who wrote the Preface to the French edition (1948), here reprinted in French and translated into English.

220.

McHaney, Thomas L. "Oversexing the Natural World: Mosquitoes and I f l Forget Thee, Jerusalem." In Faulkner and the Natural World (#118; 1999), pp. 19-44. Argues that Faulkner was not a pastoral writer but "largely held to an ironic sense of pastoral" shaped "by his immersion in the stream of modernist poetics and thought." Says nowhere else in Faulkner is nature as grotesque, as camivalesque as it is in "Old Man."

221.

Atkinson, Ted. "Aesthetic Ideology in Faulkner's Mosquitoes: A Cultural History." Faulkner Journal 17, i (Fall 2001): 3-18. Studies the novel in the context of "changing attitudes toward art and the role of the artist in the late twenties" and sees it as anticipating conflicts in the cultural politics of the thirties.

222.

Yamaguchi, Ryuichi. "'The World of Art': Mosquitoes." Faulkner 's Artistic Vision (# 165; 2004), pp. 44-66.

58

Novels: Mosquitoes

A study of "situational jokes," satire, and humor in a novel about art.

Further commentary: #179, #198, #238, #45 1 , #1090, #1630, #1649, #1694, #1776, #1822, #1824, #1828, #1919, #1928,

Novels: Flags in the Dust and Sartoris

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Flags in the Dust and Sartoris 223.

Cohen, Philip. "Flags in the Dust, Sartoris, and the Unforeseen Consequences of Editorial Surgery." Faulkner Journal 5, i (Fall 1989): 25-43. On elements lost because of Ben Wasson's editingimage patterns, juxtapositions, much of the HoraceBelle affair and the Joan story, much of Narcissa's characterization and of the Narcissa-Horace relationship, and some of the depth of the portrayal of Horace as "a moral coward."

224.

Bleikasten, Andrd. "Coming Home: SartorislFlags in the Dust." The Ink of Melancholy (#2; 1990), pp. 29-37. Sees the novel as Faulkner's first real interrogation, albeit equivocal, of his own world and the genesis of the romantic and "heroic legend of the South."

225.

Young, T. Daniel. "Narcissa Benbow's Strange Lovels: William Faulkner." In American Declarations of Love. Ed. Ann Mann. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1990, pp. 88-103. On the "compassionate" yet critical and "clinical" way in which Faulkner narrates Narcissa's dealing with her own en~otionalattachments.

226.

HBnnighausen, Lothar. "Thomas Mann's Buddenbrooks and William Faulkner's Sartoris as Family Novels." Faulkner Journal 6, i (Fall 1990): 33-45. Revised as "The Artist as Decadent or Disturbed Burgher: Looking at Faulkner with the Eyes of a Thomas Mann Reader." In Faulkner, His Contemporaries, and His Posterity (#56; 1993), pp. 20-3 1. Considers parallels between the novels, both "haunted by an obsessive interest in family history" and with decay and decadence.

227.

McDaniel, Linda Elkins. Annotations to Faulkner 's Flags in the Dust (#36; 1991).

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228.

Lombardo, Agostino. "From Flags in the Dust to Sartoris or: Disappearance of an Artist." In The Artist and His Masks (#34; 1991), pp. 117-26. Studies Wasson's changes and argues that the novel is important "as an elegy on the decadent artist and, implicitly, a statement on the task of the modem writer."

229.

Lockyer, Judith. "Horace Benbow and Faulkner's Troubled Authority." Ordered by Words (#33; 1991), pp. 1-29. Studies Horace as the first major character through whom Faulkner explores his desire to believe inand his doubts about-the power of language.

230.

Andrews, Karen M. "Toward a 'Culturalist' Approach to Faulkner Studies: Making Connections in Flags in the Dust.'' Faulkner Journal 7, i-ii (Fall 1991-Spring 1992): 13-26. Focusing on the Caspey sub-plot, shows that a cultural studies approach can, for example, explain Faulkner's ambivalent handling of Caspey as a critique of a racially hegemonic system that is yet "embedded within the hegemonic ideologies."

231.

Lucas, Teri. "Medicine-Faulkner's Guide to the Future of Humanity." University of Mississippi Studies in English 10 (1992): 177-80. Considering Will Falls, Peabody, Dr. Alford, and Dr. Brandt, argues that medicine in the novel exemplifies Faulkner's belief that humanity is best served through a balance of progress and tradition.

232.

Watson, Jay. "The Failure of the Forensic Storyteller: Horace Benbow." Forensic Fictions (#55; 1993), pp. 4375. On the importance of storytelling in this novel and Sanctuary and on Horace's incompetence as an attorney.

233.

Berg, Allison. "The Great War and the War at Home: Gender Battles in Flags in the Dust and The Unvanquished." Women's Studies 22, iv (1993): 44 1-53.

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61

Discussing gender roles in the novels and their connection to war as well as the supposed difference between the two wars, this concludes that Drusilla, too, is a kind of "New Woman" left without a real role.

234.

Tanaka, Takako. "What Horace Benbow Sees: Voyeurism, Narcissism, and Misogyny from Flags in the Dust to Sanctuary." Faulkner Studies (Japan) 2, i (April 1994): 27-4 1. Focuses on Faulkner's obsession with Horace.

235.

Gray, Richard. "Ancestor Worship, Patricide and the Epic Past: Flags in the Dust and Sartoris." The Life of William Faulkner (#59; 1994), pp. 127-36. Emphasizes the ambivalent feelings toward home, the past, and the father.

236.

Cox, John D. "The Rhythms of the Saints and Flags in the Dust." Proceedings of the Mississippi Philological Association, 1995, pp. 15-22. On the obsession of Sartorises with repetition and inability to escape it.

237.

Visser, Irene. "Sartoris." Compassion in Faulkner's Fiction (#89; 1996), pp. 121-44. Argues that "the reader's compassionate response is never fully engaged."

238.

Hbmighausen, Lothar. "The Artist as 'Human Failure': Mosquitoes, Flags in the Dust, The Town, As I Lay Dying." Faulkner: Masks and Metaphors (#96; 1997), pp. 111-34. On a series of artist figures as failures in the fiction and the connection drawn between the failed lover and the failed poet.

239.

Singal, Daniel J. "Discovering Yoknapatawpha." William Faulkner (#102; 1997), pp. 93- 112. Argues that this work allowed Faulkner to "resolve the dilemma of excessive egotism," but also "to render in literary terms the conflicts taking place inside

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him" and deal "directly with the cultural pathology of his region." 240.

Atkins, Barry. "Yoknapatawpha, History and the Matter of Origins: Locating Flags in the Dust within Faulkner's Modernist Project." Renaissance & Modern Studies 41 (1998): 60-74. Connecting the novel to Manhattan Transfer, argues that it is significant to Faulkner's evolving modernism, particularly in its focus on representing one's past to be more relevant to one's present.

241.

Prajmerova, Katefina. "Female Relationships and Social Transformation in Nathaniel Hawthorne's The House of the Seven Gables and William Faulkner's Flags in the Dust." Brno Studies in English 25, v (1999): 147-55. On similarities between the novels, particularly the inter-generational female relationship that is the pivot of each book and the way each novel destabilizes but does not overturn "traditional gender roles." Cohen, Philip. "William Faulkner, the Crisis of Masculinity, and Textual Instability." In Textual Studies and the Common Reader: Essays on Editing Novels and Novelists. Ed. Alexander Pettit. Athens, GA: U of Georgia P, 2000, pp. 64-80. Citing differences between the versions of this story, argues for not limiting one's understanding of a work to a specific edition or text but to see "fictions as processes" that can be understood at different stages.

243.

Melnikoff, Kirk. "'carvin' white folks': Faulkner, Southem Medicine, and Flags in the Dust." Mosaic 33, iv (December 2000): 145-62. Argues that Faulkner "had a good understanding of the complex field of Southern medicine" and here "offers a sociolinguistic consideration of medicine's role in the South" that also is a response "to dehumanizing professional language."

244.

Motomura, Koji. "Faulkner's Portrayal of the Sartoris Males and Southern Masculinity in Flags in the Dust and

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63

The Unvanquished." Journal of the American Literature Society of Japan 1 (2002): 85-97. Argues that whereas in Flags Faulkner lets Miss Jenny construct, embellish, and pass on the Sartoris myth of heroism and manhood, in the later novel he finally unpacks the myth and "expresses his apocryphal vision most strongly." 245.

Parini, Jay. One Matchless Time (#157; 2004), pp. 10212.

246.

Rueckert, William H. "Faukner Discovers His Native Territory." Faulknerfrom Within (#160; 2004), pp. 3-23. To show that the seeds of Faukner's career lie in this text, traces nine narrative centers and nine basic units and discusses Faulkner's "dialectical mind and imagination" in relation to the doomed Bayard, the futile Horace, and comic and tragic elements.

247.

Yamaguchi, Ryuichi. "To Capture That World: Flags in the Dust." Faulkner's Artistic Vision (#165; 2004), pp. 67-9 1. Studies humor and satire in the novel.

248.

Robinson, Owen. "Doing Things Bigger Than He Was: John Sartoris." Creating Yoknapatawpha (# 180; 2006), pp. 45-48; and "Witnesses to the Extinction: Reading the Sartoris Text," pp. 89-98. The first is on the potency of the Sartoris legend as others attempt to "come to terms with the text that the Colonel has written." The second, drawing on Barthes, discusses the Sartoris text as a readerly one (unlike the Sutpen and Snopes texts) and argues that "it is the clash of the readerly-writerly relationship's instability and its presumed integrity that leads to the ultimate collapse of the Sartoris myth."

Further commentary: #179, #198, #266, #578, #600, #605, #1438, #1586, #1675, #1714, #1772, #1775, #1784, #1820, #1884, #1889, #1949, #1968, #2002, #2018.

Novels: The Sound and the Fury

64

The Sound and the Fuly 249.

Sowder, William. "William Faulkner's Benjy Compson and the Field of Consciousness." Journal of Phenomenological Psycholop 19, i (Spring 1988): 59-75. Included in Existential-Phenomenological Readings on Faulkner (#41; 1991), pp. 1-20. Influenced by Merleau-Ponty, this focuses on Benjy's sensual perceptions and consciousness, correcting earlier readings that force Benjy into normal paradigms "beyond his capacity."

250.

Adamson, Joseph. "The Rising of Dilsey's Bones: The Theme of Sparagmos in The Sound and the Fuly." Modern Language Quarterly 49, iii (September 1988): 23961. Influenced by Frye and Nietzsche, this says the fourth section assures a "coherent moral view" in the form of a "communal giant body" as against the "distorted perspective of an obsessively and jealously protected ego" and "Nietzsche's inverse cripple" of grotesque parts.

251.

Warren, Marsha. "Time, Space, and Semiotic Discourse in the FeminizationIDisintegration of Quentin Compson." Faulkner Journal 4, i-ii (Fall 1988-Spring 1989): 99- 111. Influenced by Kristeva, this explores the disintegration of Quentin's personality and his futile attempts to escape the role of the "symbolic." Also covers the struggle in Faulkner "between the order that gives form to his 'art' and the impulses that would liberate his work from those very restrictions."

252.

Elliott, John. "The Anxiety of Absence: Metaphysical Receptors in Kafka's The Trial and Faulkner's The Sound and the Fury." Comparatist 13 (May 1989): 72-89. Connects Faulkner to Kafka through Heidegger and through their common "urgent existential problematic," and says that both Quentin and Joseph K. experience "an existential fear of the indeterminate and

Novels: The Sound and the Fury

65

non-referential" and grant "ontological status to a fiction that is itself a deferral of the very Being it seeks to establish." 253.

Sciolino, Martina. "Woman as Object of Exchange in Dickens' Great Expectations and Faulkner's The Sound and the Fury." Mississippi Review 17, i-ii (1989): 97-128. Connects the novels through the common image of a yellowed slipper. Both novels "assumed and then problematized" the "economy of patriarchy" governing their culture and addressed the subordination of "the male subject . . . to a symbolic father."

254.

Butery, Karen Ann. "From Conflict to Suicide: The Inner Turmoil of Quentin Compson." American Journal of Psychoanalysis 49, iii (September 1989): 21 1-24. Influenced by Homey, this studies Quentin's "incompatible defense strategies" for coping with life, which include withdrawal, attachment to the chivalric myth, and guilt.

255.

McDonald, Hal. "Faulkner's The Sound and the Fury." Explicator 48, i (Fall 1989): 5 1-53. On Shegog's sermon as part of a Christian framework in the novel.

256.

Vaughn, Elizabeth Dewbeny. "Repetition and Meaning in Hemingway, Faulkner, and Fowles." Comparatist 14 (May 1990): 26-33. Drawing on Freud and Derrida, argues that "meaning" in the novel does not lie in the end but in "the differences and deferrals between all of' the beginnings, middles, and ends.

257.

Cohen, Philip, and Doreen Fowler. "Faulkner's Introduction to The Sound and the Fury." American Literature 62, ii (June 1990): 262-83. Studies the multiple drafts of the Introduction Faulkner wrote in 1933 but never published and later repudiated.

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66

258.

Zhang, Yingin. "The Patterning of Voices in Three of Faulkner's Yoknapatawpha Novels." American Studies/ Mei-kuo yen-chiu (Taipei) 20, ii (June 1990): 1-24.

259.

Bleikasten, Andrd. "The Struggle with the Angel." The Ink of Melancholy (#2; 1990), pp. 41- 145. A revision of his 1976 book, this explores each section individually and the novel in terms of a rich integrity open to continual rereadings. Emphasizes the sense of loss, sexual awareness, an obsession with time, self-delusion, and the counterpoint in the last section between Dilsey's perspective and the others.

260.

Gwin, Minrose C. "Hearing Caddy's Voice." The Feminine and Faulkner (#9; 1990), pp. 34-62. A feminist reading that sees Caddy not as an absence or silence but "as the feminine space which covers and enfolds the novel, and . . . as the female subject" by means of which the novel "subverts its own story."

261.

Dardis, Tom. "Harrison Smith: The Man Who Took a Chance on The Sound and the Fury." In Faulkner and Popular Culture (#8; 1990), pp. 163-78. On the importance of Smith's "financial and editorial support" to Faulkner's initial success.

262.

Forrest, Leon. "Faulkner/Reforestation." In Faulkner and Popular Culture (#8; 1990), pp. 207-1 3. On Faulkner's dramatization of black characters such as Dilsey and Deacon "reinventing" themselves to survive in a white world.

263.

Lee, A. Robert. "Modernist Faulkner? A Yoknapatawpha Trilogy." In William Faulkner: The Yoknapatawpha Fiction (#14; 1990), pp. 42-63. Explores how this novel-along with Absalom and As I Lay Dying-shows Faulkner as the modernist in balance with Faulkner the old-time storyteller.

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264.

St. Clair, Janet. "The Necessity of Signifying Something: Quentin Compson's Rejection of Despair." Mississippi Quarterly 43, iii (Summer 1990): 3 17-34. Sees a generally neglected heroic dimension in Quentin, who has "courage and dedication to moral order."

265.

Bockting, Ineke. "The Impossible World of the 'Schizophrenic': William Faulkner's Quentin Compson." Syle 24, iii (Fall 1990): 484-97. Studies Quentin's "mind-style" and language, which reflect "his inability to create order in his chaotic experiences," as well as his curious dependence "on his father's point of view" and lexicon.

266.

Wolff, Sally, and David Minter. "A 'Matchless Time': Faulkner and the Writing of The Sound and the Fury." In Writing the American Classics. Ed. James Barbour. Chapel Hill, NC: U of North Carolina P, 1990, pp. 156-76. Studies the genesis of the novel, with emphasis on the earlier writing of Flags in the Dust and its rejection by publishers. Gunn, Giles. "Faulkner's Heterodoxy: Faith and Family in The Sound and the Fury." Religion and Literature 22, ii-iii (Summer-Autumn 1990): 155-72. Also appears in Faulkner and Religion (#3 1; 1991), pp. 44-64. Connects Faulkner's critique of religion to his focus on the collapse of the family and on the Compsons as a perversion of the sentimental idealization of the family.

268.

Metress, Christopher. "'A New Father, a New Home': Styron, Faulkner, and Southern Revisionism." Studies in the Novel 22, iii (Fall 1990): 308-22. Sees Lie Down in Darkness as "a revisionary novel, attempting not to borrow but to rewrite" Faulkner's novel in an effort to overcome the older writer's influence.

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269.

Robertson, Jan H. "Major Find: Faukner's Rowan Oak Papers Shed New Light on Sound and Fury." Faulkner Newsletter, October-December 1990, pp. 1,4. On the drafts for the Introduction he never published.

270.

Anderson, Deland. "Through Days of Easter: Time and Narrative in The Sound and the Fury." Literature and Theology 4, iii (November 1990): 3 11-26. Drawing on Augustine and on Heidegger's Being and Time, explores the thematics of "time'' in the novel and finally sees this as a "post-Christian" work which suspends judgment on its key issues.

271.

Shin, Myoung Ah. "Object Relations Theory and Faulknerian Incest in The Sound and the Fury." Journal of English Language and Literature (Korea) 36, iv (Winter 1990): 713-19. Drawing on Margaret Mahler, explains Quentin's desire for Caddy as not only sexual but also a preoedipal need for the missing mother and an "oedipal wish to have a f m e r sense of self as a male."

272.

Aschkenasy, Nehama. "Yehoshua's 'Sound and Fury': A Late Divorce and Its Faulknerian Model." Modern Language Studies 21, ii (Spring 1991): 92-104. Compares Faulkner's novel with A. B. Yehoshua's work.

273.

Elmore, A. E. "Faulkner on the Agrarian South: Waste Land or Promised Land?' In The Vanderbilt Tradition: Essays in Honor of Thomas Daniel Young. Ed. Mark Royden Winchell. Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State UP, 1991, pp. 175-88. On this novel as Faulkner's version of Frazer's and Eliot's "waste land."

274.

Fowler, Doreen. "The Ravished Daughter: Eleusinian Mysteries in The Sound and the Fury." In Faulkner and Religion (#3 1; 1991), pp. 140-56.

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69

Argues that the myth of Demeter and Persephone is central to the Compson story with Caddy and her daughter representing the two "goddesses of transformation" and the brothers an unchanging "mode of existence . . . outside of generation." 275.

Reid, Gregory. "Wind in August: Les Fous de Bassen's Reply to Faulkner." Studies in Canadian Literature 16, ii (1991): 112-27. Compares Anne Hdbert's novel with this book and Light in August.

276.

Lockyer, Judith. "Quentin Compson: Isolation and the Power of Exchange." Ordered by Words (#33; 1991), pp. 30-7 1. A study of the dialectics of language-its power and authority but also its imprecision and limitation-in both Quentin novels. Includes sections on the power of narration, on the power of silence, and on larger thematics of language.

277.

Matthews, John T. The Sound and the Fury: Faulkner and the Lost Cause (#35; 1991). Focuses on how a reader can assimilate each section with attention to the narrator's peculiarity, to style and technique and theme, and suggests that the book's excellence "involves this intersection of formal and thematic sophistication."

278.

Sowder, William J. "Quentin Compson and the Phenomenology of Time." Existential-Phenomenological Readings on Faulkner (#4 1; 1991), pp. 89- 103. Argues that an existential approach to the role of time in Quentin's story is more fruitful than a Bergsonian approach, that Quentin's struggles are future- not past-oriented, and that his "defeat was not so total as the critics maintain."

279.

Barnett, Louise K. "Caddy Compson: The Artist's Favorite Mask." In The Artist and His Masks (#34; 1991), pp. 165-76.

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Reassesses "the reasons for Caddy's importance" in the text and, for Faulkner, "the elusive other . . . that cannot be known completely." 280.

Godden, Richard. "William Faulkner, Benjamin Compson and the Construction of a Resilient Maidenhead." In The Artist and His Masks (#34; 1991), pp. 177-92. Rejecting the usual "mechanistic" explanations of Benjy's consciousness, argues that "Benjy's mental habits centre on an ur-image that he seeks to preoriginate." Emphasizes pictorial elements and the "iconographical figural habit of mind" behind the novel's "founding image."

281.

O'Neill, Peter. "The Work Ethic in The Sound and the Fury." Bulletin of the West Virginia Association of College English Teachers 13, i (Fall 1991): 8 1-87.

282.

Donaldson, Susan V. "Reading Faulkner Reading Cowley Reading Faulkner: Authority and Gender in the Compson Appendix." Faulkner Journal 7, i-ii (Fall 1991-Spring 1992): 27-4 1. Building on earlier work on "the gaze" and gender, argues that in the Appendix Faulkner was reacting to the controlling interpretation developed by Cowley for the Portable. As Caddy eludes the gazes of the male Compsons, so Faulkner here eludes Cowley.

283.

Brady, Patrick. "Birth Trauma, Infant Anality, and Castration Anxiety in Germinal and The Sound and the Fury." Excavatio: Emile Zola and Naturalism 1 (May 1992): 2530. Covering the Benjy story and Benjy-Caddy relationship, this considers both novels through Freud's and Rank's early theories of infant development.

284.

Morrow, Patrick D. The Popular and the Serious in Select Twentieth-Century American Novels. Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellen, 1992. Includes a comparison of Benjy with a character of McMurtry.

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71

285.

Stephenson, Shelby. "Grassroots Law in The Sound and the Fury." Pembroke Magazine 24 (1992): 135-38. On the two scenes with peace officers, Quentin's in Cambridge and Jason's in Jefferson, that add a dimension to development of characters.

286.

Weinstein, Philip M. "Gender." Faulkner 's Subject (#49; 1992), pp. 11-41. Includes a section on Faullcner's "rendering of women" in this and three other novels, as well as a section on Faulkner's creation of Mrs. Compson as such a negative character.

287.

Elliott, John. "The Ethics of Repression: Deconstruction's Historical Transmutation of History." New Literary History 23, iii (Summer 1992): 727-45. On this novel and Absalom as examples of the "limits for deconstruction's textual effectiveness."

288.

Fleming, Robert E. "James Weldon Johnson's God's Trombones as a Source for Faulkner's Rev'un Shegog." CLA Journal 36, i (September 1992): 24-30. On similarities to Johnson's story of a preacher in Kansas City.

289.

Tokizane, Sanae. "Anecdote of the Vase: The Introduction to The Sound and the Fury." Faulkner Studies (Japan) 1, ii (September 1992): 53-70. Emphasizing the introduction not as a window into the novel but rather as an example of "the authorial protective instinct against the modernistic crisis of authorship," this makes comparisons with James's purpose in his Prefaces and also considers the changing role of the "vase" in the two versions.

290.

Ryan, Marie-Laure. "The Modes of Narrativity and Their Visual Metaphors." Style 26 (Fall 1992): 368-87. Says Benjy's section provides an example of "embryonic narrativity."

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72

291.

Bauer, Margaret D. "The Evolution of Caddy: An Intertextual Reading of The Sound and the Fury and Ellen Gilchrist's The Annunciation." Southern Literary Journal 25, i (Fall 1992): 40-5 1. On parallels between Caddy and Amanda McCarney.

292.

Desmond, John F. "From Suicide to Ex-Suicide: Notes on the Southern Writer as Hero in the Age of Despair." Southern Literary Journal 25, i (Fall 1992): 89-105. From both a semiotic and an existential perspective, studies Quentin as the suicidal modern southern protagonist and Walker Percy's attempts to move beyond suicidal despair in giving his heroes a different kind of future. Another version of the argument appears as "Language, Suicide, and the Writer: Walker Percy's Advancement of William Faulkner" in Walker Percy: Novelist and Philosopher. Ed. Jan Nordby Gretlund and Karl-Heinz Westarp. Jackson, MS: UP of Mississippi, 1991, pp. 65-73.

293.

Railey, Kevin. "Cavalier Ideology and History: The Significance of Quentin's Section in The Sound and the Fury." Arizona Quarterly 48, iii (Autumn 1992): 77-94. Revised as "The Sound and the Fury: Faulkner's Birth into History" in Natural Aristocracy (# 121; 1999), pp. 4967. Argues that Quentin's cavalier paternalism was close to Faulkner's own earlier ideology, but that through Quentin's death Faulkner prepared himself to confront voices of a changing South.

294.

Castille, Philip Dubuisson. "Dilsey's Easter Conversion in Faulkner's The Sound and the Fury." Studies in the Novel 24, iv (Winter 1992): 423-33. Argues that as a result of Shegog's sermon, Dilsey distances "herself from the Compsons," renounces "her years of resignation and denial," and reaffirms her ties to her own family.

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295.

Stoicheff, Peter. "Between Originality and Indebtedness: Allegories of Authorship in William Faulkner's The Sound and the Fury." Modern Language Quarterly 53, iv (December 1992): 449-63. Sees the novel as also being deliberately about writing and authorship and language as Faulkner sought his own "authority" as an artist.

296.

Bryant, Cedric Gael. "Mirroring the Racial 'Other': The Deacon and Quentin Compson in William Faulkner's The Sound and the Fury." Southern Review 29, i (Winter 1993): 30-40. Studies the "ideological discourse shaped by the complex relationship" between Quentin and the Deacon, who is also a "trickster." It reveals much about what it means to be the "other."

297.

Polk, Noel, ed. New Essays on The Sound and the Fury (#53; 1993).

298.

Trouard, Dawn. "Faukner's Text Which Is Not One." In New Essays on The Sound and the Fury (#53; 1993), pp. 23-69. Drawing on ideas of Irigaray, this argues that the female characters are not unified figures but vary greatly from passage to passage, that a patriarchal critical tradition, focusing on male suffering even while making Caddy the absent center of the novel, has imposed a false unity on each of them.

299.

Kartiganer, Donald M. "'Now I Can Write': Faulkner's Novel of Invention." In New Essays on The Sound and the Fury (#53; 1993), pp. 71-97. Argues that the novel "carries its own resistance [to understanding] to the most extreme end this side of incoherence," that each section has its own autonomy and both inscribes and parodies a form of modernism. The text is committed "to invention, to the creation of a text that . . . seeks to be itself, not the reflection of what we and our strategies of reading require it to be."

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74

300.

Godden, Richard. "Quentin Compson: Tyrrhenian Vase or Crucible of Race?' In New Essays on The Sound and the Fury (#53; 1993), pp. 99-137. Revised for Fictions of Labor (#95; 1997), pp. 8-48. Argues that surface concerns with gender and incest are also concerns with race and miscegenation, that the novel is profoundly conflicted and full of contradictions. Provides fresh insights into the Cambridge scenes.

301.

Polk, Noel. "Trying Not to Say: A Primer on the Language of The Sound and the Fury." In New Essays on The Sound and the Fury (#53; 1993), pp. 139-75. Included in Children of the Dark House (#87; 1996), pp. 99-136. A fresh look at language-words, grammar, spelling, paragraphs-in the four sections, moving from Benjy, who "makes no claim on verisimilar reproduction o f . . . nonstandard sounds," to the others. The "representation of [oral] language on paper [becomes] part of the novel's thematic understructure."

302.

Hlavizna, Ivo. "Patterns of Failure: William Faulkner's The Sound and the Fury and John McGahern's The Dark." In Faulkner, His Contemporaries, and His Posterity (#56; 1993), pp. 161-66. Compares Faulkner's novel with the experimental 1965 Irish novel, both centered "on multiple aspects of intense relationships inside an ill-fated family."

303.

Brown, Ashley. "Evelyn Scott and Faulkner." In Faulkner, His Contemporaries, and His Posterity (#56; 1993), pp. 222-28. On Scott's positive response to the manuscript.

304.

Barker, Deborah E., and Ivo Kamps. "Much Ado about Nothing: Language and Desire in The Sound and the Fury." Mississippi Quarterly 46, iii (Summer 1993): 37393.

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75

A Lacanian analysis of the inability of the Compson brothers to get through "the mirror stage" and accept language as a mediation of reality. Says Caddy is "what language and desire" and Faulkner fruitlessly chase. 305.

Waldron, Karen E. "Recovering Eve's Consciousness fiom The Sound and the Fury." Women's Studies 22, iv (September 1993): 469-83. A resisting feminist reading fiom a phenomenological perspective that shows how, with great ambivalence, Faulkner's text richly invites such a reading of the "representational situation of feminine objectification, victimization, and erasure" that is central to the book.

306.

Birns, Margaret Boe. "Demeter as the Letter D: Naming Women in The Sound and the Fury and As I Lay Dying." Women 's Studies 22, iv (September 1993): 533-4 1. On connotations of the names of female characters.

307.

Williamson, Joel. William Faulkner and Southern History (#55; 1993), pp. 355-64. Addresses the tension between idealism and realism in some of the characters.

308.

Fant, Gene, Jr. "Faulkner's The Sound and the Fury." Explicator 52, ii (Winter 1994): 104-6. On connections in Benjy's mind between "Candace" and "candles."

309.

Chappell, Charles. "The Other Lost Woman of The Sound and the Fury." Publications of the Arkansas Philological Association 20, i (Spring 1994): 1- 18. Calls for more attention to Caddy's daughter as a lost woman who does, however, triumph over Jason.

310.

Visser, Irene. "Faulkner's The Sound and the Fury." Explicator 52, iii (Spring 1994): 171-72. On Caddy's importance to the fourth section.

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311.

Zeitlin, Michael. "Faulkner, Joyce, and the Problem of Influence in The Sound and the Fury." Faulkner Studies (Japan) 2, i (April 1994): 3-25. Drawing on Foucault, sees Joyce as the "founder" of a new discursivity that enabled Faulkner to make this great fictional breakthrough and traces a number of analogues between this book and Joyce's fiction.

312.

Clarke, Deborah. "Erasing and Inventing Motherhood: The Sound and the Fury and As I Lay Dying." Robbing the Mother (#58; 1994), pp. 19-50. Argues that in both novels women's bodies "exert considerable power . . . mocking male impotence and challenging male control of figurative expression." Emphasizes gendered language and voice.

313.

Gray, Richard. "Voices, Absence and Cultural Autobiography: The Sound and the Fury." The Life of William Faulkner (#59; 1994), pp. 136-50. Studying voice and language in each section, argues that this is Faulkner's most personal novel with an "intensely personal strategy of displacement and compensation."

314.

Roberts, Diane. "The Romance of Endurance: Dilsey." Faulkner and Southern Womanhood (#63; 1994), pp. 5768; and "Caddy and Quentin: The Bisexual Voice," pp. 110-23. In the first, says that Dilsey is the most ambivalent and conflicted of Faulkner's "Mammy" figures, one who subverts "the reductive stereotyping of the black mother" but also reinforces "the discourses that deny its liberty." In the second, explores the implications of Caddy as young, white, upper-class southern woman who subverts the virgin-whore binary opposition.

315.

Minter, David, ed. The Sound and the Fury: A Norton Critical Edition. 2"d ed. (#62; 1994).

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77

316.

Bauman, Marcy Lassota. "Faulkner's Fiction Makes Addicts of Us All." In Beyond the Pleasure Dome: Writing and Addiction from the Romantics. Ed. Sue Vice, Matthew Campbell, and Tim Armstrong. Sheffield, England: Sheffield Academic Press, 1994, pp. 29 1-98. Studies the book as a dramatization "of a family with alcoholism, although Faulkner has embedded that reading in a tapestry of guilt and denial," as a book forcing readers "to confront the same issues" related to "children raised in alcoholic homes."

317.

Bockting, Ineke. "The Figure of Parental Fusion in the Novels of William Faulkner." In Fathers and Mothers in Literature. Ed. Henk Hillenaar and Walter Schonau. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 1994, pp. 123-36. Drawing on object-relations models of Marthe Robert and Melanie Klein, studies Quentin's and Darl's failed attempts "to conquer their fear of disintegration" and deal with "traumatic separation from the mother."

318.

Fowler, Doreen. "'Little Sister Death': The Sound and the Fury and the Denied Unconscious." In Faulkner and Psychology (#61; 1994), pp. 3-20. A Lacanian reading of the novel as "about a denied and desired absent center" with the males projecting their "sense of loss on the mother" and Caddy. The women therefore are identified with "the male's own . . . repressed being."

319.

Clarke, Deborah. "Of Mothers, Robbery, and Language: Faulkner and The Sound and the Fury." In Faulkner and Psychology (#61; 1994), pp. 56-77. Argues that Faulkner's writing can often be studied better in connection with "the maternal" than with the patriarchal, since it so often subverts its own order and authority, and "the mothers," even when not speaking, are what disrupt the order of the text.

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78 320.

Shao, Bing. "Time, Death, and Gender: The Quentin Section in The Sound and the Fury." Conference of College Teachers of English Studies 59 (1994): 53-59. Focuses on the second section and a tension between linear, masculine time and cyclical, female time.

321.

Moser, Thomas C. "Faulkner's Muse: Speculations on the Genesis of The Sound and the Fuv." In Critical Reconstructions: The Relationship of Fiction and Life. Ed. Robert M. Polhemus and Roger B. Henkle. Stanford, CA: Stanford UP, 1994, pp. 187-211. Sees the complicated relationship with Estelle as the driving force behind creation of the novel. Includes commentary on early poetry and fiction reflecting Faulkner's obsession with Estelle.

322.

Mellard, James M. "Desire and Interpretation: Reading The Sound and the Fury." Mississippi Quarterly 47, iii (Summer 1994): 496-5 19. An essay review of Polk's New Essays on The Sound and the Fury.

323.

Potts, Donna L. "Faulkner's The Sound and the Fury." Explicator 52, iv (Summer 1994): 236-37. On Faulkner's description of Dilsey's church.

324.

Castille, Philip Dubuisson. "Compson and Sternwood: William Faulkner's 'Appendix' and The Big Sleep." PostScript 13, iii (Summer 1994): 54-6 1. Ties the novel to the screenplay and that, as an influence, to the Appendix.

325.

Bockting, Ineke. "Mind Styles as an Interdisciplinary Approach to Characterization in Faulkner." Language and Literature 3, iii (1994): 157-74. Expanded for Character and Personality in the Novels of William Faulkner (#67; 1995), pp. 41-92. Another version appears as "A Small Deviation of Great Consequence: Faulkner's Use of the Full Stop in The Sound and the Fury" in William Faulkner in Venice (#127; 2000), pp. 141-58.

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79

A psychostylistic approach to "attributive style" as a device for characterization using the Compson brothers as examples. The book has a detailed study of the lexical, syntactic, and deictic aspects of each section. 326.

Hanson, Philip J. "The Logic of Anti-Capitalism in The Sound and the Fury." Faulkner Journal 10, i (Fall 1994): 3-27. Argues that the novel revolves around a tension between a traditional paternalism and a new capitalism, which can be seen in the Quentin-Herbert conflict over Caddy's sexuality as well as in Faulkner's crisis over the artist succeeding in a market-dominated publishing world.

327.

Tebbetts, Terrell. "Jason Compson's Oedipal Rebellion." Publications of the Arkansas Philological Association 20, ii (Fall 1994): 77-84. Argues that Jason, deprived "of superego and trapped in adolescence by a triumphant id" and with unresolved oedipal problems, has a major problem with time and is finally "castrated" also.

328.

Chappell, Charles. "Quentin Compson's Scouting Expedition on June 2, 1910." Essqvs in Literature 22, i (Spring 1995): 113-22. Relocates the site of the suicide jump.

329.

Tebbetts, Terrell L. "Dilsey and the Compsons: A Jungian Reading of Faith and Fragmentation." Publications of the Arkansas Philological Association 2 1, i (Spring 1995): 78-98. Drawing on Jung, argues that Dilsey with her faith is the one character whose "strong ego" can live "in dramatic harmony with shadow and animus."

330.

Davis, Thadious M. "Reading Faulkner's Compson Appendix: Writing History from the Margins." In Faulkner and Ideology (#72; 1995), pp. 238-52.

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Uses the Appendix to understand Faulkner's direction in the 1940s. It "repositions" the author and is in a way "a mythologizing of a fantasy" as it reinterprets characters, particularly Jason, Caddy, and Miss Quentin. 331.

Donaldson, Susan V. "Keeping Quentin Compson Alive: The Last Gentleman, The Second Coming, and the Problem of Masculinity." In Walker Percy's Feminine Characters. Ed. Lewis A. Lawson and Elzbieta H. Oleksy. Troy, NY: Whitston, 1995, pp. 62-77. On connections between Percy's characters, particularly Will Barrett, and Quentin.

332.

Brown, Arthur A. "Benjy, the Reader and Death: At the Fence in The Sound and the Fury." Mississippi Quarterly 48, iii (Summer 1995): 407-20. Emphasizes the process of reading and argues that in effect death "is writing this novel. It is the presence on which the novel accumulates."

333.

Lester, Cheryl. "Racial Awareness and Arrested Development: The Sound and the Fury and the Great Migration (1915-1928)." In The Cambridge Companion to William Faulkner (#73; 1995), pp. 123-45. Provides a fresh context, the migration of black Americans north, for understanding Faulkner's complicity in and resistance to southern racism, his denials and evasions but also his confrontations with his region.

334.

Bach, Peggy. "A Serious Damn: William Faulkner and Evelyn Scott." Southern Literary Journal 28, i (Fall 1995): 128-43. On Scott's reading of the novel and her essay, printed here.

335.

Porter, Kevin J. "Stylistic Considerations for There Is and It Is." The SECOL Review 19, ii (Fall 1995): 171-83. Uses an example from the second section in an article on the use of expletives.

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336.

Love, Tamsen Douglas. "Defining Postmodemism: Styron's 'Complicitous Critique' of Faulkner." Southern Literary Journal 28, i (Fall 1995): 19-34. Emphasizes influences on and parallels with Lie Down in Darkness.

337.

Burton, Stacy. "Benjy, Narrativity, and the Coherence of Compson History.'' Cardozo Studies in Law and Literature 7, ii (Fall-Winter 1995): 207-28. Drawing on Bakhtin, this studies Benjy and "the dialogic formation of his identity." Emphasizes similarities among the brothers.

338.

Abel, Marco. "One Goal Is Still Lacking: The Influence of Friedrich Nietzsche's Philosophy on William Faulkner's The Sound and the Fury." South Atlantic Review 60, iv (November 1995): 35-5 1. Sees Nietzsche's influence as pervasive in the characters' words, in the structure and tensions of the book. Says it is one of the few modernist novels successfully to make nihilism part of its tensions.

339.

Burton, Stacy. "Bakhtin, Temporality and Modem Narrative: Writing 'the whole triumphant murderous unstoppable chute."' Comparative Literature 48, i (Winter 1996): 39-64. Uses this novel to exemplify how Bakhtin's "theories of heterochrony and heteroglossia" help clarify the complex role of "time" in modem fiction, and sees the novel as "a text that represents how human beings-through their chronotopes and discoursesfashion and animate one another."

340.

Yuan, Yuan. "The Lacanian Subject and Grotesque Desires: Between Oedipal Violation and Narcissistic Closure." American Journal of Psychoanalysis 56, i (March 1996): 35-47. Uses Quentin (and Hazel Motes) as an example in arguing that "the grotesque is central to the structure of the Lacanian subject" in that he dramatizes "the ten-

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sion between the desires for narcissistic identification and the will to reject the symbolic order." 341.

Frisch, Mark. "Teaching One Hundred Years of Solitude with The Sound and the Fury." Teaching Faulkner, No. 9 (Spring 1996): 2-5.

342.

Shawcross, John T. "The Christ Figure in Some Literary Texts: Image and Theme." Cithara 35 (May 1996): 3-17. Connects this novel with others using Christ figures.

343.

Kiss, Zsurzsanna. "Lie Down in Darkness versus The Sound and the Fury: A Comparative Analysis." Hungarian Journal of English and American Studies 2, i (1996): 133-45. Argues that similarities between the two novels have been over-emphasized, that the themes and concerns of the novels are different, and that Styron's concerns are less tied to history and the past.

344.

Hahn, Stephen, and Arthur F. Kinney, eds. Approaches to Teaching Faulkner's The Sound and the Fury (#76; 1996).

345.

Parker, Robert Dale. "'Through the Fence, between the Curling Flower Spaces': Teaching the First Section of The Sound and the Fury." In Approaches to Teaching Faulkner 's The Sound and the Fury (#76; 1996), pp. 27-37. On devices to help students work with the time shifts and Benjy's language. Says the novel is about "transitions and resistance to transitions."

346.

Weinstein, Arnold. "'Trying to Say': Sound and Silence, Subject and Community in The Sound and the Fury." In Approaches to Teaching Faulkner's The Sound and the Fury (#76; 1996), pp. 38-43. On teaching the novel through its "sensuous immediacy," its first-person narrators dramatizing "the imprisoning nature of self."

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347.

Barthelemy, Anthony. "Confronting Race in Faulkner: Strategies for Answering Difficult Questions." In Approaches to Teaching Faulkner S The Sound and the Fury (#76; 1996), pp. 44-48. On ways to handle issues of race and racism in the novel.

348.

Cohen, Philip, and Doreen Fowler. "Using Faulkner's Introduction to Teach The Sound and the Fury." In Approaches to Teaching Faulkner 's The Sound and the Fury (#76; 1996), pp. 49-57. On the Introduction as an aid in discussing the novel and Faulkner's "psychic conflicts."

349.

Watson, James G. "Private Writing and the Published Novel: Letters and Gifts." In Approaches to Teaching Faulkner 's The Sound and the Fury (#76; 1996), pp. 5863. On using Faulkner's personal letters, gift books, and Introduction as aids in teaching.

350.

Taylor, Walter. "The Compson Appendix as an Aid to Teaching The Sound and the Fury." In Approaches to Teaching Faulkner's The Sound and the Fury (#76; 1996), pp. 64-67. On advantages of and problems with using the Appendix.

351.

Peek, Charles. "Order and Flight: Teaching The Sound and the Fury." In Approaches to Teaching Faulkner's The Sound and the Fury (#76; 1996), pp. 68-72. On using the Appendix as a way into discussing the openness of texts.

352.

Wittenberg, Judith Bryant. "Teaching The Sound and the Fury with Freud." In Approaches to Teaching Faulkner's The Sound and the Fury (#76; 1996), pp. 73-78. Says a carehlly managed use of Freud's ideas can be helpful.

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353.

Tebbetts, Terrell L. "Giving Jung a Crack at the Compsons." In Approaches to Teaching Faulkner's The Sound and the Fury (#76; 1996), pp. 79-83. Suggests that "Jung's theory of individuation" can be useful.

354.

Desmond, John F. "Teaching Religion and Philosophy in The Sound and the Fury." In Approaches to Teaching Faulkner 's The Sound and the Fury (#76; 1996)' pp. 8488. Emphasizes the usefulness of discussing southern stoicism and Kierkegaard's notion of despair in teaching Quentin's section.

355.

Liu, Jun. "Nihilists and Their Relations: A Nietzschean Approach to Teaching The Sound and the Fury." In Approaches to Teaching Faulkner 's The Sound and the Fury (#76; 1996), pp. 89-95. Suggests that Nietzsche's "typology of nihilisms" helps students understand the Compsons' problems.

356.

Holtz, Daniel J. "History on the Margins and in the Mainstream: Teaching The Sound and the Fury in Its Southern Historical Context." In Approaches to Teaching Faulkner 's The Sound and the Fury (#76; 1996), pp. 96-100. Suggests explaining how southern and Mississippi history differs from American history is helpful in teaching the novel.

357.

Duvall, John. "Contextualizing The Sound and the Fury: Sex, Gender, and Community in Modem American Fiction." In Approaches to Teaching Faulkner's The Sound and the Fury (#76; 1996), pp. 101-7. On ways to teach the novel in relation to changing gender roles in Faulkner's time.

358.

Weinstein, Philip M. "Teaching The Sound and the Fury in the Context of European Modernism." In Approaches to Teaching Faulkner's The Sound and the Fury (#76; 1996)' pp. 108-13.

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On teaching the novel in the context of Joyce and Proust and in contrast to Victorian realism. 359.

Reid, Panthea. "Teaching The Sound and the Fury as a Postimpressionist Novel." In Approaches to Teaching Faulkner's The Sound and the Fury (#76; 1996), pp. 11421. Uses developments in the visual arts as an approach to the novel.

360.

Matthews, John T. "Text and Context: Teaching The Sound and the Fury after Deconstruction." In Approaches to Teaching Faulkner's The Sound and the Fury (#76; 1996), pp. 122-27. On dealing with the "outraged amazement" of firsttime readers, allowing the text "to produce all the disseminative, playful, devastating effects of which it is capable."

361.

Ross, Stephen M., and Noel Polk. Reading Faulkner: The Sound and the Fury (#88; 1996).

362.

Visser, Irene. "The Sound and the Fury." Compassion in Faulkner's Fiction (#89; 1996), pp. 145-286. Argues that full understanding "is based on compassionate involvement which is consistently evoked and sustained through many narratorial devices."

363.

Weinstein, Philip M. "Personal Beginnings: Mammies and Mothers." What Else But Love? (#91; 1996), pp. 335. An approach to the novel through Faulkner's life and Weinstein's own youth in Memphis, this also covers Nancy and then develops a comparison with "Morrison's representation of motherhood . . . so as to accent the cultural play of the writers' race and gender positioning in shaping those acts of representation."

364.

Dahill-Baue, William. "Insignificant Monkeys: Preaching Black English in Faulkner's The Sound and the Fury and

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Morrison's The Bluest Eye and Beloved." Mississippi Quarterly 49, iii (Summer 1996): 457-73. Compares Faulkner's portrayal of black speech with the dialect of two Morrison characters. 365.

Storhoff, Gary. "Jason's Role Slippage: The Dynamics of Alcoholism in The Sound and the Fury." Mississippi Quarterly 49, iii (Summer 1996): 5 19-35. Uses Family Systems Theory to explore family relations in the novel and Jason's mixed role as scapegoat, protector, and villain in the context of having an alcoholic father and Caddy and Quentin as competing heroes.

366.

Kirchdorfer, Ulf. "The Sound and the Fury: What the Animals Tell Us." Arkansas Review 5, i-ii (August 1996): 102-12. Emphasizing the trout-fishing scene and frog imagery, shows that animals and animal imagery are important to the development of Quentin and Jason as characters.

367.

Yarup, Robert L. "Faulkner's The Sound and the Fury." Explicator 55, i (Fall 1996): 34-37. On the importance of the birthday-party scene to the form and pathos of the first section.

368.

Novak, Phillip. "Meaning, Mourning, and the Form of Modem Narrative: The Inscription of Loss in Faulkner's The Sound and the Fury." Faulkner Journal 12, i (Fall 1996): 63-90. Discusses the novel as "a systematically selfundermining fiction" that undermines narrative closure itself. Argues that the book, beginning from a sense of loss, provides an "articulated aesthetic of abjection, of loss," making "the felt experience of southern nostalgia" a universal value.

369.

Wallach, Rick. "The Compson Family Finances and the Economics of Tragic Farce." South Atlantic Review 62, i (Winter 1997): 79-86.

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Discusses financial exchanges in the novel, mostly Jason's expenditures and investments, as "the market becomes a grand correlative" of his "muddled, decentered subjectivity." 370.

Storhoff, Gary. "Caddy and the Infinite Loop: The Dynamics of Alcoholism in The Sound and the Fury." Faulkner Journal 12, ii (Spring 1997): 3-22. Explores the importance of Mr. Compson's alcoholism to the dysfunctionality of the family and discusses the impact on Caddy, who is both "Little Parent" and "Wild Thing."

371.

Cohen, Philip. "'The Key to the Whole Book': Faulkner's The Sound and the Fury, the Compson Appendix, and Textual Instability." In Texts and Textuality: Textual Instability, Theory, and Interpretation. Ed. Philip Cohen. New York: Garland, 1997, pp. 235-68. Studies the dificulty of defining a single valid text as the basis for interpreting the novel.

372.

Hayase, Hironori. "Quentin Compson's Obsession with the Negro in The Sound and the Fury." In In Search of the Ethos of the English Language. Ed. Hironori Hayase. Tokyo: Eihosha, 1997, pp. 143-51.

373.

Branny, GraQna. "Verbal and Moral Alienation Versus Emotional and Moral Commitment in The Sound and the Fury." A Conflict of Values (#93; 1997), pp. 133-72. Focusing on Caddy, Benjy, and Dilsey, argues that "despite the novel's overtly negative implications," there is much that is affirmative.

374.

Fowler, Doreen. "'The Beautiful One' in The Sound and the Fury." Faulkner (#94; 1997)' pp. 32-47. Drawing on Lacan, argues that "Caddy's brothers are obsessed with phallic lack and that they project their loss onto Caddy," who "embodies the return of the repressed" and is the "displaced mother figure."

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375.

Hdnnighausen, Lothar. "New Modes of Metaphor: The Sound and the Fury, Light in August, and A Fable." Faulkner: Masks and Metaphors (#96; 1997), pp. 137-56. On the importance of metaphor as structural feature connected to the narrative mode.

376.

Singal, Daniel J. "All Things Become Shadowy Paradoxical." William Faulkner (# 102; 1997), pp. 115-43. Studies the novel in relation to Modernism and to Faulkner's new stronger sense of his own identity as an artist, able to penetrate and gain "control of the conflicting perceptions and experiences that roiled within his psyche."

377.

Vandenverken, David L. "The Neglected Childhood of Quentin Compson." Faulkner 's Literary Children (# 104; 1997), pp. 47-63. On Quentin's story as an anti-Bildungsroman set in a dysfunctional family marked by emotional neglect.

378.

Sprich, Robert. "William Faulkner's 'Conscious Use of Freud' in The Sound and the Fury." In Proceedings of the 13th Annual Conference on Literature and Psychoanalysis. Ed. Frederico Pereira. Lisbon: Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada, 1997, pp. 145-48. Argues, as Carve1 Collins argued, that Faulkner used three "structuring principles-Shakespeare's Macbeth, Freud's model of the mind, and Christ's passion."

379.

Thorsell, Marta Dahlgren. "Innocence or Experience? A Critical Reading of Some Recent Translations of William Faulkner." Babel 43, iii (1997): 193-205. On differences between and problems with some recent translations into Spanish of this novel and As I Lay Dying.

380.

Dobbs, Ricky Floyd. "Case Study in Social Neurosis: Quentin Compson and the Lost Cause." Papers on Language and Literature 33, iv (Fall 1997): 366-91.

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Discusses the influence of "Lost Cause" ideas and southern "worship of the mythic past" on Quentin's pathology. 381.

NUssler, Ulrike. "Reconsidering the Function of Mrs. Compson in Faulkner's The Sound and the Fury." Amerikastudien 42, iv (1997): 573-8 1. Emphasizes her rigidity, myopia, manipulative nature, and willful blindness, but sees her as both victim and victimizer.

382.

Zeitlin, Michael. "Returning to Freud and The Sound and the Fury." Faulkner Journal 13, i-ii (Fall 1997-Spring 1998): 57-76. Tries to resituate the novel "within the psychoanalytic narrative contexts which surrounded it" and to see "psychoanalysis as basic narrative material itself, as an historically-rooted complex of ideas weaving through the novel's essential narrative patterns."

383.

Csicsila, Joseph. "'The Storm-Tossed Heart of Man': Echoes of 'Nausicaa' in Quentin's Section of The Sound and the Fury." Faulkner Journal 13, i-ii (Fall 1997Spring 1998): 77-88. Traces the influence of Ulysses, tied to "masculine assumptions about sexuality and the workings of human consciousness" as well as motifs of twilight and female undergarments.

384.

Skaggs, Merrill M. "Willa Cather's Death Comes for the Archbishop and William Faulkner's The Sound and the Fury." Faulkner Journal 13, i-ii (Fall 1997-Spring 1998): 89-99. Finds evidence of Faulkner's careful reading of Cather, in the form of image patterns and themes such as loss and the longing for order.

385.

Kuo, Alex. "The Writer as Private Eye: Interpreting Evidence in The Sound and the Fury and Absalom, Absalom!" In Faulkner: Achievement and Endurance (#112; 1998), pp. 117-24.

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Sees Faulkner's difficult style and syntax as methods "to document the complexities of life's blurring definitions and boundaries.'' 386.

Jianbo, Liu. "On the Polyphonic Features in The Sound and the Fury." In Faulkner: Achievement and Endurance (#112; 1998), pp. 125-36. Drawing on Bakhtin, argues that the reader must put together the overall fiction by combining a set of separately inconclusive voices and stories.

387.

Pyron, Mark. "Exorcising Demons: Mary Magdalene as the Prototype for Faulkner's Dilsey in The Sound and the Fury." Publications of the Missouri Philological Association 23 (1998): 3 1-39. Finds a set of parallels.

388.

Varsamopoulou, Evy. "The Crisis of Masculinity and Action in The Sound and the Fury: Quentin Compson's Modernist Oedipus." Renaissance & Modern Studies 41 (1998): 106-17. Says Quentin tries to impose a classical tragic structure on Caddy's "tragedy" and that his "narrative registers a series of crises of meaning and value in which there is an ambivalent and ambiguous stance towards modernity."

389.

Storhoff, Gary. "Faulkner's Family Crucible: Quentin's Dilemma." Mississippi Quarterly 5 1, iii (Summer 1998): 465-82. Draws on Family Systems Theory and Bateson's idea of the "double b i n d to explain Quentin's problem as an interpersonal one caused by family instability.

390.

Yarup, Robert L. "Faulkner's The Sound and the Fury." Explicator 57, i (Fall 1998): 45-48. On the fourth section and its dramatic tragic pattern.

391.

Hamblin, Robert W. "'Did You Ever Have a Sister?' Holden Caulfield and Faulkner's Quentin Compson." Teaching Faulkner, No. 14 (Fall 1998): 3-6.

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392.

Liau, Agnes Wei Lin. "Faulkner and Christian Humanism in The Sound and the Fury." Southeast Asian Review of English 37 (December 1998): 42-56.

393.

Ahrenhoerster, Greg. "Yankees, 1-Yoknapatawphans, 0 (The Role of Sports in The Sound and the Fury)." Aethion: The Journal of Sports Literature 16, ii (Spring 1999): 105-13. Suggests sports are seen as part of the capitalist machine destroying the South, as in Jason's snide comments on the Yankees.

394.

Parker, Robert Dale. "'Where You Want to G o Now': Recharting the Scene Shifts in the First Section of The Sound and the Fury." Faulkner Journal 14, ii (Spring 1999): 320. A new chart of the scenes and time shifts and a reading that sees the guiding principle of the section not as Benjy's "character" but as "a broader cultural picture of connectedness and disconnectedness in the social world and in the process of reading."

395.

Beebee, Thomas 0. "Triptychs of Solipsism: The Decadent Plantation of JosB Lins Do Rego's Fogo Morto and William Faulkner's The Sound and the Fury." The Comparatist 23 (May 1999): 63-88. Drawing on Kristeva and Lacan, compares narrative structures and the connections between psychological and social-historicalthemes.

396.

Metz, Walter. "'Signifying Nothing?' Martin Ritt's The Sound and the Fury (1959) as Deconstructive Adaptation." LiteraturePilm Quarterly 27, i (1 999): 2 1-31. Interprets Ritt's Hollywood melodrama as a strong imaginative revision of Faulkner's misogyny and patriarchal perspective.

397.

Kennedy, William. "Learning from Faulkner: The Obituary of Fear." In Faulkner and the Natural World (# 118; 1999), pp. 222-30.

Novels: The Sound and the Fury Reflections on his own career and on Faulkner. 398.

Sengupta, Ashis. "The Sound and the Fury: Faulkner's Grope for Meaning." In William Faulkner: A Centennial Tribute (#119; 1999), pp. 100-10. Argues that the novel is less about a southern farnily's decline than about the solipsism of individuals, in the prison of their "private consciousness," projecting a personal perspective into a general truth, and about "Faulkner's discovery of the poverty of created meaning."

399.

Kundu, Rama. "Counterpointing the 'Mammy' and the 'Da': A Case Study of Dilsey in The Sound and the Fury and Christophine in Wide Sargasso Sea." In William Faulkner: A Centennial Tribute (# 119; 1999)' pp. 111-19. Contrasts the roles played by two women of color in novels by Faulkner and Jean Rhys.

400.

McKee, Patricia. "Self-Division as Racial Divide: The Sound and the Fury." Producing American Races (#120; 1999), pp. 99-122. Drawing on Lacan, explores the construction of racial identities. Argues that Faulkner employs "an alienated modernist consciousness for his white characters," particularly males, but that black characters are "dehistoricized and anti-individualistic," assimilable, having a common experience and with that excluded "from the public sphere of political power."

401.

Zapf, Hubert. "The Discourse of Radical Alterity: Reading Process and Cultural Meaning in William Faulkner's The Sound and the Fury." In Intercultural EncountersStudies in English Literature. Ed. Heinz Anton and Kevin L. Cope. ~ e i d e l b e r ~Germany: , Carl Winter, 1999, pp. 335-49. Studies "the complexity of the reading process of this highly resistant object" and the role of that process in both the intended "message" and the "production of cultural meaning." Sees the novel as "a radicalization

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of this literary discourse of alterity," that is, of literature's role in helping readers address the "other." 402.

Tredell, Nicolas, ed. William Faulkner: The Sound and the Fury; As I Lay Dying (# 123; 1999).

403.

Martin, Robert A. "The Words of The Sound and the Fury." Southern Literary Journal 32, i (Fall 1999): 46-56. On the structural importance of key words such as fire, window, shadow, and door.

404.

Garcia Mainar, Luis M. "William Faulkner's The Sound and the Fury: The Status of the Popular in Modernism." Revista Alicantina de Estudios Inglesas 12 (November 1999): 61-73.

405.

Bauer, Margaret D. "'I Have Sinned in That I Have Betrayed the Innocent Blood': Quentin's Recognition of His Guilt." Southern Literary Journal 32, ii (Spring 2000): 70-89. Argues that guilt over his betrayal of Caddy is the major motivation for Quentin's suicide.

406.

Atsma, Helen R. "Calvinistic Visions of Time and Humanity in William Faulkner's The Sound and the Fury." Teaching Faulkner, No. 16 (Spring 2000): 1-8.

407.

Matthews, John T. "Whose America? Faulkner, Modernism, and National Identity." In Faulkner at 100 (#126; 2000), pp. 70-92. Also included in another version as "Dialect and Modernism in The Sound and the Fury" in William Faulkner in Venice (#127; 2000), pp. 129-40. Argues that this "is Faulkner's breakthrough novel in part because it realizes the relation between a (putatively) transregional modernism and racialized speech." Says Faulkner uses dialect in the minstrel tradition even "as he deconstructs it" as part of his "obligation to tell about the South."

Novels: The Sound and the Fury Guillemin-Flescher, Jacqueline. "The Linguistic Representation of Perception in Benjy's Monologue." In Naissances de Faulkner (#125; 2000), pp. 49-54. A study of syntax that shows the limitations of Benjy's mind are captured in the restriction of his vision "to the immediacy of perception." Materassi, Mario. "Faulkner's Use of the Song of Solomon in Quentin's Section of The Sound and the Fury." In Naissances de Faulkner (#125; 2000), pp. 55-62. Develops an idea he first proposed in 1968, now with a focus on Quentin and Caddy but also with a sense of Faulkner's flexible and open-ended mythic method, unlike Joyce's. Vendrame, Alessandra. "Faulkner's 'Notlanguage': Stylistic Devices of a Perplexing Narrative." In William Faulkner in Venice (#127; 2000), pp. 271-80. Argues that the term "notlanguage" from Absalom emphasizes Faulkner's "experimental linguistic subversiveness" and in this novel displays itself "in the endless play of metaphoric writing." Frey, Leonard. "Whorf-Sapir and Benjy." In William Faulkner in Venice (#127; 2000), pp. 301-5. Finds a connection between Benjy's language and the language of the Hopi as studied by Benjamin Whorf. Moore, Kathleen. "Jason Compson and the Mother Complex." Mississippi Quarterly 53, iv (Fall 2000): 533-50. Argues that Jason "is a victim of mother-fixation" that "cripples him psychologically and establishes his . . . myopic view of human life." Williams, John. "Dilsey, Shegog's Sermon, and the Meaning of Time." Teaching Faulkner, No. 17 (Fall 2000): 6-8. Medoro, Dana. "'Between Two Moons Balanced': Menstruation and Narrative in The Sound and the Fury." Mo-

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saic 33, iv (December 2000): 9 1- 114. Included in The Bleeding of America (#144; 2002), pp. 7 1-89. Drawing on Derrida's Dissemination, argues that "a symbolic economy of menstruation and menstrual blood actually permeates the text" and that "the figure of the menstruating daughter forges a counternarrative of cultural healing" to the dominant tale of decline and ruin. 415.

Kim, Yongsoo. "'Like a Ghost in Broad Day': The Politics of the Death Drive and Sublimation in William Faulkner's The Sound and the Fury." Studies in Modern Fiction (Korea) 8, ii (Winter 2001): 259-84.

416.

Carter, Steven. "A Note on Hemingway's 'Ten Indians' and Faulkner's The Sound and the Fury." Hemingway Review 20, ii (Spring 2001): 103-6. Says the short story influenced a scene in the fourth section.

417.

Street, Anna J. "Untimely Loss: Faulknerys The Sound and the Fury." Teaching Faulkner, No. 18 (Spring 2001): 9-11.

418.

Burton, Stacy. "Rereading Faulkner: Authority, Criticism, and The Sound and the Fury.'' Modern Philology 98, iv (May 200 1): 604-28. Drawing on Bakhtin, provides a skeptical view of using Faulkner's draft Introductions or the 1946 Appendix or other authorial comments as a basis for interpreting the novel.

419.

Spillers, Hortense J. "Faulkner Adds Up: Reading Absalom, Absalom! and The Sound and the Fury." In Faulkner in America (# 139; 200 l), pp. 24-44. A rhetorical and psychoanalytical study of patterns of repetition, which are parts of "an act of rhetorical regression" and of "a mode of representation of the speaking subject entangled in the symbolic order" of his culture. Says such patterns are often connected to grief and loss.

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420.

Ross, Stephen M. "Jason Compson and Sut Lovingood: Southwestern Humor as Stream of Consciousness." In The Humor of the Old South. Ed. M. Thomas Inge, Edward J. Piacentino, and James H. Justus. Lexington, KY: UP of Kentucky, 200 1, pp. 236-46. Sees "a convergence of tone, of kind of event, of mentality that reaches far deeper than the mere fact that Faulkner knew Harris's book and liked Sut."

421.

Minter, David. "Faulkner, Childhood, and the Making of The Sound and the Fury: Love, Death, and the Novel." Faulkner S Questioning Narratives (# 135; 200 I), pp. 3954. Traces the genesis of the novel to anxieties connected to Faulkner's youth and earlier writings including "Elmer." Shows that, especially in the treatment of Caddy, the art of the novel is "an art of concealment as well as disclosure--of delay, avoidance, evasion" as he "took possession of the pain and muted love of his childhood." (Revised from a 1979 article.)

422.

Tbyarna, Kiyoko M. "The Sound and the Fury." Faulkner and the Modern Fable (#138; 2001), pp. 75-93. A two-part essay that rebuts Sartre's view that Faulkner's "metaphysic of time" is pessimistic and locates in two females the positive values in a novel with no positive view of masculinity.

423.

Hays, Peter. "Chaucer's and Faulkner's Pear Trees: An Arboreal Discussion." English Language Notes 38, iv (2001): 57-64. On an influence in "The Merchant's Tale."

424.

Rio-Jelliffe, R. "The Sound and the Fury: Voice and Structure." Obscuri@'s Myriad Components (#136; 2001), pp. 86-102. Emphasizes Faulkner's attempt to get beyond the limitations of the "word," of language, to convey experience and meaning. Argues that in this novel "the modular narrative perpetually gathers up its horizon-

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tal progress in vertical overlays of converged time and meaning." 425.

Hahn, Stephen. "'Who Says What about Whom to Whom?' Teaching the Fourth Section of The Sound and the Fury." In Teaching Faulkner (#134; 2001), pp. 59-71. Drawing on aspects of African American culture, suggests a rhetorical approach to understanding the relationship of the fourth section to the novel as a whole.

426.

Ortells Montbn, Elena. "Teaching William Faulkner: The Rhetorical Value of Narrative Perspective in The Sound and the Fury." In Teaching American Literature in Spanish Universities. Ed. Carme Manuel. ValBncia, Spain: Universitat de ValBncia, 2001, pp. 93-98. Skiny, Justin. "Sartre on William Faulkner's Metaphysics of Time in The Sound and the Fury." Sartre Studies International 7, ii (2001): 15-43. Expanding on Sartre's critique of "the novel's metaphysics of time" and drawing on ideas in Being and Nothingness, this argues that the novel moves from an emotional "phenomenology of time" to an emotionless "third person perspective" and that, contrary to Sartre, the future is present (as an absence) and some characters' "phenomenologies of time include the present."

428.

Abate, Michelle Ann. "Reading Red: The Man with the (Gay) Red Tie in Faulkner's The Sound and the Fury." Mississippi Quarterly 54, iii (Summer 200 1): 294-3 12. Suggests the man with whom Miss Quentin flees town may be homosexual.

429.

Le Coeur, Jo. "Two-Basket Structure in The Sound and the Fury." Proceedings of the Mississippi Philological Association, 2001, pp. 9-14. Expanded as "William Faulkner's Two-Basket Stories." In Songs of Reconstructing South: Building Literary Louisiana, 1865-1945. Ed.

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Suzanne Disheroon-Green and Lisa Abney. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2002, pp. 149-57. Sees the influence of Choctaw oral tradition behind this novel and Absalom, particularly in the pattern of repeating and retelling a story with variations. 430.

Horton, Merrill. "Quentin Compson's Suicide: A Source in Balzac." Faulkner Journal 17, i (Fall 2001): 59-67. On a source in The Old Maid.

431.

Folks, Jeffrey J. "Crowd and Self: William Faulkner's Sources of Agency in The Sound and the Fury." Southern Literary Journal 34, ii (Spring 2002): 30-44. Says that Faulkner turned his own problems as a writer into "a source of agency as he invested his sense of personal loss in each of the major characters."

432.

Griffiths, Jacqui. "Almost Human: Indeterminate Children and Dogs in Flush and The Sound and the Fury." Yearbook of English Studies 32 (2002): 163-76. Drawing on Deleuze and Guattari, discusses Benjy and Flush in exploring ideas about the literary representation of children.

433.

Terasawa, Mizuho. "The Myth of Paradise Lost and the Decline and Fall of the Old South I: An Analysis of The Sound and the Fury." The Rape of the Nation and the Hymen Fantasy (#152; 2003), pp. 103-47. Rejects criticism based on political correctness of the "universality" of American humanism. Sees the novel as being about paradise lost and the "sexual defilement" of women, which along with "the destructive power of time" and "the Bascomb lineage" bring about the fall from paradise.

434.

Matsuoka, Shinya. "Historicized Narrations in Faulkner's Appendix to The Sound and the Fury: Creating a Whole from Fragments?" Journal of the American Literature Society of Japan 2 (2003): 39-54.

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Drawing on Adorno, argues that "the Appendix surely thematizes history" as an "accumulation of inevitably repeated stories of flight and entrapment," but also empathizes with the female characters seeking "to escape" from repressive restrictions. 435.

Decker, Mark. "I Was Trying to Say: Listening to the Fragmented Human Center of William Faulkner's The Sound and the Fury." Kaleidoscope 47 (Summer-Fall 2003): 6-9. On Faulkner's "accurate and functional literary representation of autism" through Benjy, and on his critique of prejudice against the disabled.

436.

Jones, George Fenwick. "Hit's Hard to Hit Hit." English Language Notes 4 1, i (September 2003): 80-82. On Faulkner's wrongly designated aspiration of "it" in the novel.

437.

Argiro, Thomas. "'As Though We Were Kin': Faulkner's Black Italian Chiasmus." MELUS 28, iii (Fall 2003): 11132. On Faulkner's ambivalence toward Italians and Italian-Americans, with an emphasis on the story of Quentin and the little girl's family.

438.

Fulton, Lorie Watkins. "William Faulkner's Wistaria: The Tragic Scent of the South." Southern Studies 11, i-ii (Spring-Summer 2004): 1-9. Contrasts the use of wisteria in this novel and Absalorn.

439.

MSiIttZi, Simo K. "Dialect and Point of View: The Ideology of Translation in The Sound and the Fury in French." Target: International Journal of Translation Studies 16, ii (2004): 3 19-39. On the handling of black English in the French translation.

Novels: The Sound and the Fury Jianbo, Liu. "Quixotic Chivalry in Quentin Compson." In Re-reading America: Changes and Challenges. Ed. Weihe Zhong and Rui Han. Cheltenham, England: Reardon, 2004, pp. 38-41. Parini, Jay. One Matchless Time (#157; 2004), pp. 11227. Winchell, Mark Royden. "William Faulkner's The Sound and the Fury." In The Oxford Encyclopedia of American Literature. Vol. 2. Ed. Jay Parini. New York: Oxford UP, 2004, pp. 18-22. Rueckert, William H. "Faulkner's First Great Novel: Anguish in the Genes." Faulknerfvom Within (#160; 2004), pp. 24-48. Explores reasons for the power of this "technically brilliant" novel by focusing on major characters, the role of the family, and the presence of Benjy at beginning and end. Read, Rupert. "Wittgenstein and Faulkner's Benjy: Reflections on and of Derangement." In The Literary Wittgenstein. Ed. John Gibson and Wolfgang Huemer. London: Routledge, 2004, pp. 267-87. Drawing on and debating with ideas of Louis Sass, argues that Faulkner here exemplifies a "deflationary Wittgensteinian 'philosophy of psychopathology,"' and that Benjy's schizophrenia cannot truly be "understood" in any normal sense of the word. Yamaguchi, Ryuichi. "An Elegiac Howl: The Sound and the Fury." Faulkner's Artistic Vision (#165; 2004), pp. 92-1 14. Studies elements of comedy and humor in a tragic novel, not only in Jason's story but in the role of Mrs. Compson as "the black-comic focus of loss . . . just as Caddy is the tragic focus of loss." Williams, Foluso M., and Thomas E. Joiner, Jr. "How Do Linguistic Patterns Change as One Approaches Suicide?

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A Psychological Analysis of Quentin's and Jason's Linguistic Patterns in The Sound and the Fury." Proteus 21, ii (Fall 2004): 8- 12. Studies "psychological variables associated with suicidal behavior" in the portrayal of Quentin, using "the portrayal of Jason as a comparison." 447.

Dobbs, Cynthia. "'Ruin or Landmark'? Black Bodies as Lieux de MLmoire in The Sound and the Fury." Faulkner Journal 20, i-ii (Fall 2004-Spring 2005): 35-5 1. Sets out to free critics of an essentializing "theory of identity" in order to open up "new meanings of voice and body, memory and history, race and identity." Explores the function of black bodies as "a source of monumentalizing nostalgia" in the novel, with Dilsey standing for an African American submission to racism.

448.

Campbell, Erin E. "'Sad Generations Seeking Water': The Social Construction of Madness in O(phe1ia) and Q(uentin Compson)." Faulkner Journal 20, i-ii (Fall 2004-Spring 2005): 53-69. Compares Ophelia with Quentin, who "is continually feminized throughout the text." They "share a madness spurred by patriarchal limitations, psychologically devastating losses, and unrequited physical love."

449.

Miller, Nathaniel A. "'Felt, Not Seen Not Heard': Quentin Compson, Modernist Suicide and Southern History." Studies in the Novel 37, i (Spring 2005): 37-49. Puts Quentin into the context of modernist suicidal heroes but argues that unlike them he is not escaping history but suffering from the "impossible desire to close the gap between the individual and historical role" as well as an "inability to come to terms with gender."

450.

Lohse, Rolf. "Internationally Emancipated: Hdbert and Faulkner (Summary)." Tr. Armin Paul Frank. In Internationality in American Fiction (# 170; 2005), pp. 243-53.

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Draws numerous connections between Faulkner's novel and Les fous de Bassan by Anne Hdbert. 451.

Atkinson, Ted. "Decadence and Dispossession: Faulkner and the 'Literary Class War."' Faulkner and the Great Depression (#167; 2005), pp. 55-1 14. Focusing on this novel and Mosquitoes, discusses Faulkner's involvement in the aesthetic conflicts of his day, the "dispute over the relationship between art and politics." Argues that he had "his finger on the pulse of American politics." Says this novel has a "progressively expanding social vision."

452.

Anderson, Eric Gary. "Environed Blood: Ecology and Violence in The Sound and the Fury and Sanctuary." In Faulkner and the Ecology of the South (#174; 2005), pp. 30-46. Argues that blood and violence "work together, ecologically" in Faulkner's fiction and that the ecologies governing the novels tend to be "suffocating, traumatic, bloody" not "nurturing."

453.

Hein, David. "The Reverend Mr. Shegog's Easter Sermon: Preaching and Communion in Faulkner's The Sound and the Fury." Mississippi Quarterly 58, iii (Summer 2005): 559-80. A liturgical and historical approach that sees the sermon as not only a preaching of the Word but also a kind of sacrament, like communion, where "verbal witness and sacramental grace coinhere."

454.

Roggenbuck, Ted. "'The way he looked said Hush': Benjy's Mental Atrophy in The Sound and the Fury." Mississippi Quarterly 58, iii (Summer 2005): 58 1-93. Argues that Benjy's mind is not fixed and static but deteriorates between his early years and April 7, 1928.

455.

Wolff, Sally, Marie Nitschke, and Robert J. Roberts. "'The voice that breathed o'er Eden': William Faulkner's

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Unsung Wedding Hymn." Mississippi Quarterly 58, iii (Summer 2005): 595-610. On the significance of a repeated line from a wedding hymn that also seems tied to Kipling's poem "The Sergeant's Weddin'." 456.

Truchan-Tataryn, Maria. "Textual Abuse: Faulkner's Benjy." Journal of Medical Humanities 26, ii-iii (Fall 2005): 159-72. Argues that "historicizing and theorizing Benjy's character from a disability perspective could lead to a deeper understanding," and sees Benjy as portraying a "derogatory stereotype of disability" and the critics as compounding the problem.

457.

Nkosi, Lewis. "Luster's Lost Quarter: Reading South African Identities." Journal of Postcolonial Writing 41, ii (November 2005): 166-78. Draws comparisons with J. M. Coetzee's fiction.

458.

Weinstein, Amold. "William Faulkner: The Sound and the Fury and Absalom, Absalom!" Recovering Your Story (#182; 2006), pp. 29 1-406. Extended readings that draw on the author's broad knowledge of modem literature and discuss the Compson story as "the most immediate book written in the English language" and Absalom as the richest American book showing "how we are always formed and deformed by our pasts and collective history."

459.

Robinson, Owen. "(you never smelled a frightened horse, did you?): The Sound and the Fury." Creating Yoknapatawpha (# 180; 2006)' pp. 13-29. Studies the writer-reader relationship, which is "at the heart of the novel's construction" and on which the dynamics of the book depend, with an emphasis on how Benjy's section develops the relationship.

Further commentary: #123, #156, #179, #186, #198, #462, #546, #600, #667, #704, #745, #823, #842, #883, #884, #972, #992, #1026, #1069, #1075, #1096, #1153, #1186, #1234, #1480, #1510, #1542, #1575,

104

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As I Lay Dying 460.

Fowler, Doreen. "Matricide and the Mother's Revenge: As I Lay Dying." Faulkner Journal 4, i-ii (Fall 1988Spring 1989): 113-25. A feminist reading building on Faulkner's allusion to Agamemnon's murder and connecting the patriarchal culture of the world of the novel with Addie's revenge on it and on Darl.

461.

Rosenthal, M. L. "Hurrah for Longinus! Lyric Structure and Inductive Analysis." Southern Review 25, i (Winter 1989): 30-5 1. A short discussion of "lyrical structure" in the novel, at the end of an essay on "inductive analysis" and affective and lyrical structure from Longinus to Poe and Hawthorne to Faulkner.

462.

Potts, Georgiann. "Black Images in Faulkner's As I Lay Dying." University of Mississippi Studies in English 7 (1989): 2-26. A study of African American images and cultural references.

463.

Galamos, Iorgos. "The Metaphoricity of Memory in Faulkner's As I Lay Dying." Faulkner Journal 5, ii (Spring 1990): 3-13. An analysis of the notably "modernist" nature and function of metaphor in the novel, which "carries its readers through a shift in metaphor from a trope of memory to a trope of movement."

464.

Garcia Landa, Jos6 Angel. Reflexivity in the Narrative Technique of As I Lay Dying." English Language Notes 27, iv (June 1990): 63-72. Drawing on Genette and Cohn, this metafictional commentary studies interactions between "fabula and text."

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465.

Hayase, Hironori. "As I Lay Dying: Darl's 'Fluid' Vision." Chu-Shikoku Studies in American Literature 26 (June 1990): 40-53.

466.

Bleikasten, AndrC. "Requiem for a Mother." The Ink of Melancholy (#2; 1990)' pp. 147-209. A broad-ranging reading of the novel, revising his 1973 book, this explores the range of voices, the complex roles of death and madness in the book, and the centrality of language as a theme.

467.

Schwab, Gabriele. "The Multiple Lives of Addie Bundren's Dead Body: On William Faulkner's A s I Lay Dying." In The Other Perspective in Gender and Culture: Rewriting Women and the Symbolic. Ed. Juliet Flower MacConnell. New York: Columbia UP, 1990, pp. 209-4 1. Studies the novel in relation to Bakhtin's ideas about the carnivalesque in literature, focusing on the "dead mother's grotesque body," the "carnivalesque hneral procession," and the fantasies that develop "the phantasmatic body."

468.

Luce, Dianne C. Annotations to Faulkner 's As I Lay Dying (# 15; 1990).

469.

Wilson, Deborah. "The Bundrens on the Road to Armageddon: Faulkner's Use of St. John's Revelation in A s I Lay Dying." Publications of the Mississippi Philological Association, 1990, pp. 192-95. On inverted and ironic uses of Revelation images and patterns in the novel.

470.

Samway, Patrick, S.J. "Addie's Continued Presence in Faulkner's As I Lay Dying." In Southern Literature and Literary Theory (#I 1; 1990), pp. 284-99. Drawing on ideas about totemic animals and taboos, this explores Addie's presence after death to her family members. Calls the novel a kind of "hieroglyphic cartouche, the story of a 'royal' person who has died and whose personal history is etched in stone."

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471.

Wilt, Judith. Abortion, Choice, and Contemporary Fiction: The Armageddon of the Maternal Instinct. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1990, pp. 105-07. Discusses the counterpoint between "the death and funeral of Addie" and Dewey Dell's "search for abortion."

472.

Wright, Austin M. Recalcitrance, Faulkner, and the Professors (#26; 1990).

473.

Kartiganer, Donald M. "The Farm and the Journey: Ways of Mourning and Meaning in As I Lay Dying." Mississippi Quarterly 43, iii (Summer 1990): 28 1-303. Emphasizing language and mourning, reads the novel in terms of the complementary, but opposed, ways of seeing the world imaged in "the farm" and "the journey"-verticalhorizontal, beinghecoming.

474.

Chappell, Charles M., and John M. Churchill. "The Symbolic Significance of Dewey Dell Bundren's Name." ANQ 3, iii (July 1990): 114-16. Connects the sexual implications of her name to her plight.

475.

Tebbetts, Terrell L. "The Bundrens in Context: Faulkner's Proprietary Family." Publications of the Arkansas Philological Association 16, ii (Fall 1990): 83-97. Studies the Bundrens as a family in which "the marketplace is the model" and homes are merely "establishments" where people are "sources of income or expense," not "subjects in their own right."

476.

Ellis, Reuben J. "Faulkner's Totemism: Vardaman's 'Fish Assertion' and the Language Issue in As I Lay Dying." Journal of American Studies 24 (December 1990): 40813. On elements of American Indian culture.

477.

Poland, Tim. "Faulkner's As I Lay Dying." Explicator 49, ii (Winter 1991): 118-20. On the "significance of the carpentry tools to Cash."

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478.

Donnelly, Colleen. "The Syntax of Perception in A s I Lay Dying." CEA Critic 53, ii (Winter 1991): 54-68. Drawing on manuscript revisions, argues that Faulkner's changes "radically modified the metaphysical visions of the characters, in particular Darl's and Vardaman's reveries on ontology." Through those very different reveries, and through the process of perception and articulation, Faulkner poses questions about being, death, and time.

479.

Sass, Karen R. "At a Loss for Words: Addie and Language in A s I Lay Dying." Faulkner Journal 6, ii (Spring 1991): 9-21. Argues that while readers sympathize with Addie for recognizing the limitations of language and for her unhappy marriage, her "inability to use language as a source of psychic nourishment for herself and her family is the source of tragedy" in the novel.

480.

Lockyer, Judith. "As I Lay Dying and Light in August: Communities of Language." Ordered by Words (#33; 1991), pp. 72-98. Argues that these novels "mark Faulkner's fullest development of our communal ties to language" and of "the ways that the words of others intersect with his own. Studies, for example, the dialectic between Addie and Darl, who "embodies the conviction that the word can create reality and connect isolated consciousnesses."

481.

Sowder, William J. "The Bundrens and the Mystery of Family." Existential-Phenomenological Readings on Faulkner (#41; 1991), pp. 149-64. Drawing on Jaspers and Marcel, focuses on "Faulkner's great faith in communication" as reflected in the novel and on the way the novel deals with sentience, consciousness, and death.

482.

Whitson, Kathy. "Absorbing Faulkner: A Comparative Study of A s I Lay Dying and Louise Erdrich's Love Medi-

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cine." Publications of the Mississippi Philological Association, 1991, pp. 116-20. 483.

Rubeo, Ugo. "'Fragments of an Agony:Metafictional Aspects of A s I Lay Dying." In The Artist and His Mask (#34; 1991), pp. 201-12. Connects the writer's deliberate "masking" of truth to his metafictional obsession with the conflict between language and silence.

484.

Peake, C. H. "The Irreconcilable Dimensions of Faulkner's As I Lay Dying." Neohelicon: Acta Comparationis Litterarum Universarum 18 (1991): 98-1 10.

485.

Chappel, Deborah K. "Pa Says: The Rhetoric of Faulkner's Anse Bundren." Mississippi Quarterly 44, iii (Summer 1991): 273-85. Discusses Anse's way of getting support from neighbors and family and his manipulation of language and people.

486.

McKee, Patricia. "As I Lay Dying: Experience in Passing." South Atlantic Quarterly 90, iii (Summer 1991): 579-632. Emphasizing the novel's focus on "redemption and salvation" and overcoming time, rethinks the importance of time, space, process, and change in the book.

487.

O'Donnell, Patrick. "Between the Family and the State: Nomadism and Authority in As I Lay Dying." Faulkner Journal 7, i-ii (Fall 1991-Spring 1992): 83-94. Drawing on Deleuze and Guattari, focuses on the family and its nomadic journey in relation to "the bounds of state authority."

488.

Baldwin, Marc D. "Faukner's Cartographic Method: Producing the Land through Cognitive Mapping." Faulkner Journal 7, i-ii (Fall 1991-Spring 1992): 193-214. Making this book the main example and drawing on Jameson's notion of "cognitive mapping," studies

Novels: As I Lay Dying Faulkner's spatialization of narrative and shows that for Faulkner history is always a fiction. 489.

Hayes, Elizabeth. "Tension between Darl and Jewel." Southern Literary Journal 24, ii (Spring 1992): 49-6 1. Argues that Darl's "preoccupation" with Jewel and the tension between them is central to the novel and that grasping the meaning of Jewel's relationship to Addie becomes the key to Darl of his own "existential dilemma."

490.

Matthews, John T. "As I Lay Dying in the Machine Age." Boundary 2: An International Journal of Literature and Culture 19, i (Spring 1992): 69-94. Included in National Identities and Post-Americanist Narrative. Ed. Donald E. Pease. Durham, NC: Duke UP, 1994, pp. 69-94. Exploring Faulkner's modernist attempt to unpack the destabilizing impact of modernization, argues that Addie's death leads to a rupture "that exposes the economic contradictions of the modem farm family" and community.

491.

Clarke, Deborah, and Christiane P. Makward. "Camus, Faulkner, Dead Mothers: A Dialogue." In Camus's LYEtranger: Fifty Years On. Ed. Adele King. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1992, pp. 194-208. A critical dialogue comparing Faulkner's and Camus's novels with a feminist slant.

492.

Wadlington, Warwick. As I Lay Dying: Stories out of Stories (#47; 1992). Sees the novel as a transitional work moving between "Southern individualism" and the "Southern collectivism" of the thirties. Discusses the political dimensions and implications of the "cultural stories" and the characters.

493.

Baudry, Francis, M. D. "Faulkner's As I Lay Dying: Issues of Method in Applied Analysis." Psychoanalytic Quarterly 61 (1992): 65-84.

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Explores, through this novel, ways that applied psychoanalysis can increase understanding of characters, text, author, and reader response. 494.

Foulke, Robert. "From the Center to the Dangerous Hemisphere: Heart of Darkness and Typhoon." In Conrad's Literary Career. Ed. Keith Carabine, Owen Knowles, and Wieslaw Krajka. Lublin: Maria CurieSklodowska UP, 1992, pp. 127-51. Offers comparisons with Faulkner's novel in relation to epistemological themes.

495.

Samway, Patrick, S.J. "Faukner's A s I Lay Dying and St. Augustine." Faulkner Studies (Japan) 2 (September 1992): 21-34. On parallels between Addie's story and Augustine's ideas, in the Confessions, about sin and confession.

496.

Nielsen, Paul S. "What Does Addie Bundren Mean, and How Does She Mean It?' Southern Literary Journal 25, i (Fall 1992): 33-39. Deals with Addie's continual struggle toward understanding and meaning even as she repudiates words.

497.

Kaufinann, Michael. "The Textual Coffin and the Narrative Corpse of As I Lay Dying." Arizona Quarterly 49, i (Spring 1993): 99-1 16. Deals with the "tension in the novel between the text as a representation and the static print which Faulkner uses to represent the textual world." Studies the ways in which the text "reveals itself fully as an inscribed object."

498.

Hayase, Hironori. "Cubism in Faukner's Fiction." In Essays on English Language and Literature in Honour of Michio Kawai. Ed. Nobuyuki Yuasa. Tokyo: Eihosha, 1993, pp. 539-46. Emphasizing this novel, traces analogies between Faulkner's narrative methods and the techniques of cubism.

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499.

Weinstein, Philip M. "'Coming Unalone': Gesture and Gestation in Faulkner and O'Connor." In Faulkner, His Contemporaries, and His Posterity (#56; 1993), pp. 26075. Compares the writers with regard to their creation of subjectivity and narrators' relationship to the discourses of characters.

500.

Weinstein, Arnold. "Faulkner's As I Lay Dying: The Voice from the Coffm." Nobody's Home: Speech, SeK and Place in American Fiction from Hawthorne to DeLillo. New York: Oxford UP, 1993, pp. 148-69. In a book on speech and self-making in fiction, this traces concerns with speech and language in the novel and argues that "for the artist the speaking voices he makes and writes are the imperishable coffin" itself.

501.

Tinker, Nathan P. "Geomancy: The Triangular Structures of Landscape and History in As I Lay Dying." Constructions 8 (1993): 37-55. A "geometric" interpretation that, for example, discusses the "special significance" of the triangle in the novel to landscape, identity, chapters, and "Faulkner's dialectic of history."

502.

Friesen, Faye, and Charles Peek. "What's in a Name? Etymology and As I Lay Dying." Teaching Faulkner, No. 3 (Summer 1993): 1-2.

503.

Hanson, Philip. "Rewriting Poor White Myth in As I Lay Dying." Arkansas Quarterly 2, iv (October 1993): 308-24. Argues that Faulkner's narrative method, his "perspectivism," helps him "in subverting and revising a tradition of caricature and regional mythology" about poor whites.

504.

Wood, Amy Louise. "Feminine Rebellion and Mimicry in Faulkner's As I Lay Dying." Faulkner Journal 9, i-ii (Fall 1993-Spring 1994): 99-1 12. Drawing on Irigaray, Kristeva, and Cixous, explores how Addie conducts a "rebellion against her society"

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by "grounding her identity in her body" and by redefining all that her "culture has given her, including language, religion, and, of course, her body." 505.

McCann, Barry R. "Faulkner's As I Lay Dying: The Coffin Pictogram and the Function of Form." University of Mississippi Studies in English 11-12 (1993-1995): 2728 1. Argues that the "coffin structure represents the Bundren family and the narrative" and is the "linking force" in a "chain of association" and metonymy.

506.

Darden, Douglas. "Oxygen House: A Near Triptych on the Act of Breathing, Frenchman's Bend, Mississippi." Southern Quarterly 32, ii (Winter 1994): 111-24. A curious "graphic presentation" displaying Darden's "ongoing concern with architecture and its broader relationship to narrative space" with asserted parallels to this novel and to "a man named Burnden Abraham who is terminally ill."

507.

Hattenhauer, Darryl. "The Geometric Design of As I Lay Dying." Colby Quarterly 30, ii (June 1994): 146-53. Connects such geometric patterns as circles and verticals with characterizations and thematic emphases.

508.

Gray, Richard. "A Southern Carnival: As I Lay Dying." The Life of William Faulkner (#59; 1994), pp. 150-63. Sees the novel as a generic hybrid which delights in transgressing boundaries and in which it is hard to pin down characters.

509.

Merrill, Robert. "Faulknerian Tragedy: The Example of As I Lay Dying." Mississippi Quarterly 47, iii (Summer 1994): 403-18. Argues that with Darl and Addie at the center, this is "Faulknerian tragedy in its most radical and original form." The comic elements "merge with events of a truly compelling terribleness."

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510.

Blaine, Diana York. "The Abjection of Addie and Other Myths of the Maternal in As I Lay Dying." Mississippi Quarterly 47, iii (Summer 1994): 419-39. Emphasizing the novel's almost postmodem "profound ontological instability," argues that it radically challenges traditional gender constructions and male linguistic constructs.

511.

Kincaid, Nancy. "As Me and Addie Lay Dying." Southern Review 30, iii (Summer 1994): 582-95. Discusses how Faulkner captured so well the experience of poor whites, the repressions, the exploitation of women, "the power and uselessness of language."

512.

Almon, Bert. "William Humphrey's 'Broken-Backed Novel': Parody in The Ordways." Southern Quarterly 32, iv (Summer 1994): 107-16. Compares novels by Faulkner and Humphrey.

513.

Woodbery, Bonnie. "The Abject in Faulkner's A s I Lay Dying." Literature & Psychology 40, i (1994): 26-42. Drawing on Kristeva's notion of abjection, particularly in relation to death and burial of the mother, this focuses on Addie's "rejection of the paternal order" and Darl's "ruptured discourse," which marks him as an exile.

514.

Delville, Michel. "Alienating Language and Darl's Narrative Consciousness in Faulkner's As I Lay Dying." Southern Literaly Journal 27, i (Fall 1994): 6 1-72. A rhetorical analysis, influenced by Lacan, of the language of the monologues, particularly Darl's, this explores the non-realistic stylistic strategy of the novel.

515.

Hardin, Michael. "Freud's Family: The Journey to Bury the Death Drive in Faulkner's As I Lay Dying." Southern Studies 5, iii-iv (Fall-Winter 1994): 95-103. Argues that the novel dramatizes the "intersection of the sex and death drives in the lives of the Bundrens" and argues that burying Addie is burying the control of the death drive over them.

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516.

Carpenter, Lucas. "Floyd Collins and the Sand Cave Tragedy: A Possible Source for Faulkner's A s I Lay Dying." Kentucky Review 12, iii (Spring 1995): 3-18. Says the Collins tragedy influenced Faulkner in writing the novel.

517.

Wannamaker, Annette. "Viewing Addie Bundren Through a Feminist Lens." Teaching Faulkner, No. 7 (Spring 1995): 5-6. A rejoinder is Morna Flaum, "Elucidating Addie Bundren," No. 22 (Fall 2004): 4-7.

518.

Bockting, Ineke. "Multiple Voices in As I Lay Dying." Character and Personality in the Novels of William Faulkner (#67; 1995), pp. 93-143. A detailed psycholinguistic study of the personalities and narrative sections of Addie and each of her children. Focuses on both the "mind-style, or characterizationfrom the inside," and comments by the others.

519.

Mellard, James M. "Realism, Naturalism, Modernism: Residual, Dominant, and Emergent Ideologies in A s I Lay Dying." In Faulkner and Ideology (#72; 1999, pp. 2 1737. Studies Faulkner's modernism here as "largely emergent and oppositional" in relation to the realistic and naturalistic "techniques of traditional fictional mimesis" and ideologies beneath all three fictional modes.

520.

Connors, Thomas. "Addie's Last Tape." American Theatre, October 1995, p. 23. On the dramatic adaptation by Frank Joseph Galati.

521.

Russell, Fielding D., 111. "Southern Idiom and Expression in Faulkner's As I Lay Dying." Aoyama Gakuin Daigaku Ronshu 36 (November 1995): 103-7. On Faulkner's use of regional speech patterns.

522.

Delville, Michel. "Vardaman's Fish and Addie's Jar: Faulkner's Tales of Mourning and Desire." Hungarian

Novels: A s I Lay Dying Journal of English and American Studies 2, i (1996): 8591. A Lacanian commentary on the tension between Addie's distrust of words and the novel's insistence on language as the only means by which "to compensate for the lack caused by Addie's departure," this emphasizes "the mobility of Vardaman's language of desire" and the very different discourses of Darl. 523.

LaLonde, Christopher A. "As I Lay Dying: The Economization of Loss." William Faulkner and the Rites of Passage (#86; 1996), pp. 65-94. Explores the importance of ritual and rites of passage, as in Addie's interment. Considers ways in which characters use, transform, and subvert ritual to their own ends, and considers the novel's metafictional dimensions.

524.

Visser, Irene. "As I Lay Dying." Compassion in Faulkner S Fiction (#89; 1996), pp. 287-3 13. Shows that "pity and compassion are centrally determining factors" in a reader's overall response despite the significance of "ironic distancing" in much of the novel.

525.

Bergman, Jill. "'This Was the Answer to It': Sexuality and Maternity in As I Lay Dying." Mississippi Quarterly 49, iii (Summer 1996): 393-407. Studies Addie in the context of the lives of poor rural southern women and an ideology that restricted women's sexuality and birth-control, and sees this "conflicted text" as "both supporting and denouncing" that ideology.

526.

Hustis, Harriet. "The Tangled Web We Weave: Faulkner Scholarship and the Significance of Addie Bundren's Monologue." Faulkner Journal 12, i (Fall 1996): 3-2 1. Drawing on Carol Gilligan, this argues that Addie articulates "her disillusionment with traditional masculine images of language and its role" not with language itself.

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Calkins, Paul Luis. "Be Careful What You Wish For: As I Lay Dying and the Shaming of Abjection." Faulkner Journal 12, i (Fall 1996): 91-109. Drawing on Kristeva and Nietzsche, explores the novel's concern with a "negative modernism" and "fragmented modernity." Says one way to resolve some of the novel's tensions is through a sense of "shame anxiety." 528.

Heller, Stephen B. "Bundrens, Faulkner, and Grammar." English Journal 85 (November 1996): 75-76. A spoof.

529.

Gagei, Silvio. "Faukner's Dying 'I."' From Text to Hypertext: Decentering the Subject in Fiction, Film, the Visual Arts, and Electronic Media. Philadelphia: U of Pennsylvania P, 1997, pp. 42-50. Explores the "inconsistencies and ambiguities in the narrative system" and the voices that "threaten the reader's own confidence in his or her ability to fully master the text" and challenge "the idea of the subject as a 'psychic unity."'

530.

Fowler, Doreen. "The Displaced Mother: As I Lay Dying." Faulkner (#94; 1997), pp. 48-63. A revision of the 1988-1989 article, this argues that Faulkner "rewrites a dominant myth of our culture, the mythic identification of the mother's body with castration and death, and he allows the dead mother to speak." Addie is "never able to put a stop to patriarchal culture's figuration of her."

531.

Singal, Daniel J. William Faulkner: The Making of a Modernist (# 102; 1997), pp. 144-53. Sees the novel as the best example of modernist technique with rural subject matter and Darl and Addie as fragmented modernist figures.

532.

Kaelin, E. F. "'If You Could Just Ravel Out into Time.. ..'" In Narrative Ironies. Ed. Raymond A. Prier

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and Gerald Gillespie. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 1997, pp. 1072 1. A character-by-character and day-by-day survey of the many ironies operating through the book. 533.

Holloway, Karla F. C. "Narrative TimeIStructural Text: Beloved and As I Lay Dying." In Unflinching Gaze (#98; 1997), pp. 91-98. Studies the two novels together as "they privilege dissonance and violence" in the telling of their stories. Each novel also has a kind of "spiritual hybridity" that "depends upon a diaphanous quality."

534.

Towner, Theresa M. "Black Matters on the Dixie Limited: As I Lay Dying and The Bluest Eye." In Unflinching Gaze (#98; 1997), pp. 115-27. Argues that Morrison's novel signifies consistently and deliberately upon the Bundren story, not just upon thematic and structural components but also upon "the theme of disjointed language and the metaphor of the violated human body."

535.

Hays, Peter L. "As I Lay Dying and the Odyssey." Classical and Modern Literature 18, iii (Spring 1998): 241-45. Clarifies additional connections to Homer's epic.

536.

Hong, Hu. "Truth of Life Can Hardly Be Reached: The Hidden Philosophy in As I Lay Dying." In Faulkner: Achievement and Endurance (# 112; 1998), pp. 17-45. Discusses "the underlying psychological journey of the Bundrens," beginning with the eight outside observers' reflections on them and then considering each family member. Emphasizes how changes in the reader's understanding of them take place.

537.

Hengshan, Jin. "The Otherness in As I Lay Dying: An Interpretation of As I Lay Dying through Bakhtinian Dialogism." In Faulkner: Achievement and Endurance (#112; 1998), pp. 82-104. Drawing on Bakhtin, this discusses not only voice and narrative strategies but also the tension between centripetal forces, such as family collectivity, and

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centrifugal forces, such as the essential "otherness" of characters in the novel. 538.

Liu, Sarah. "The Forlorn Echo of the Dead: Addie Bundren and the Paradox of Language." Faulkner: Achievement and Endurance (#112; 1998), pp. 149-60. Discusses metonymic signification as crucial to Addie's character and argues that the book's main theme, "the constant tension between metonymic fluidity and phallic fixity, finds its most eloquent voice in Addie's speech."

539.

Massey, Kelvin. '"Wonderful Terms and Phrases': Contrasting Dialect in William Faulkner's As I Lay Dying and Lee Smith's Oral History." North Carolina Literary Review 7 (1998): 11-19. Argues that while both authors draw on dialect traditions connected with humor, in Smith's novel it is standard English that is connected to alienation, whereas Faulkner "privileges standard English above dialect."

540.

Kartiganer, Donald M. "Modernism as Gesture: Faulkner's Missing Facts." Renaissance and Modern Studies 4 1 (1998): 13-28. Discusses Faulkner's modernistic dimensions, emphasizing this novel and "Dry September," and tying them to French Symbolism, to agonized searches to make sense of undefined spaces and situations where facts are not known, and to meaning-making as a validating gesture.

541.

Oakley, Helen. "Reconstructing the Coffin: Faulkner's As I Lay Dying and Maria Luisa Bombal's The Shrouded Woman." Renaissance and Modern Studies 4 1 (1998): 133-46. Revised for The Recontextualization of William Faulkner in Latin American Fiction and Culture (#145; 2002), pp. 75-1 15. An intertextual reading of Faulkner's novel and the 1938 Argentinian novel, particularly in relation to

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their "modernist experimentations with time and memory" and handling of gender issues. 542.

Samway, Patrick H. "Pure Speculation: William Faulkner and St. Augustine." America, September 1998, pp. 25-29. On a source in Augustine.

543.

Peek, Charles A. "'Because If There Is a God What the Hell Is He For?' Frenchman's Bend and Its Piety in Faulkner's A s I Lay Dying." Teaching Faulkner, No. 14 (Fall 1998): 1-3.

544.

Railey, Kevin. "As I Lay Dying and Light in August: The Social Realities of Liberalism." Natural Aristocracy (#121; 1999), pp. 87-105. Argues that both novels deal with "identity formation" in a changing world and that, having realized the irrelevance of paternalism, Faulkner explores alternative forms of social order.

545.

Tebbetts, Terrell L. "'He Aimed for Them to Stay Put': Does Anse Bundren Speak for Faulkner?" Publications of the Missouri Philological Association 24 (1999): 56-57.

546.

Hustis, Harriet. "Masculinity aslin Comic Performance in As I Lay Dying and The Sound and the Futy." Faulkner Journal 15, i-ii (Fall 1999-Spring 2000): 107-23. Deals with the comic in these novels as "a specifically masculine performance, one that functions to the detriment" of the females. Focusing on Anse and Jason, shows how the novels invite readers' complicity but then disrupt "the male comic b o n d as in scenes with Darl's laughter and the sheriffs refusal to help Jason.

547.

Lidnard, Marie. "Metaphor and Desire in Faulkner's Writing." In William Faulkner in Venice (#127; 2000), pp. 187-95. Discusses the role of metaphor as a "trace" of "the work of desire in writing," particularly as it relates to sexual desire and racial coding. Focuses on "blood" as image, metaphor, and metonymy.

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548.

Leyda, Julia. "Reading White Trash: Class, Race, and Mobility in Faulkner and LeSueur." Arizona Quarterly 56, ii (Summer 2000): 37-64. Studies the "construction of the Bundrens as white trash" in relation to "the racialized class ideology that undergirds the narrative.'' Compares with "racialized poor whites" in The Girl.

549.

Edinger, Catarina. "'Words That Don't Fit': A s I Lay Dying and Graciliano Ramos's Barren Lives." In Teaching Faulkner (#134; 200 1)' pp. 75-83. On teaching these two novels comparatively.

550.

Hewson, Marc. "'My Children Were of Me Alone': Maternal Influence in A s I Lay Dying." Mississippi Quarterly 53, iv (Fall 2000): 551-67. Argues that Addie plays a positive role "as an active force'' in the lives of her children, combating "the oppressive and ultimately negative philosophy of the patriarchy in the book" and representing the inadequacy of language to convey emotion.

551.

Rio-Jelliffe, R. "As I Lay Dying: The Voiced and Voiceless/The Seen and Unseen." Obscurity's Myriad Components (#136; 2001), pp. 103-17. Argues that Faulkner deploys "a wide range of linguistic modes" to overcome the limitations of the "word" to convey experience. The book's "implausible form signifies something other than what words designate and thus defers full appraisal of meaning in the voiceless tale."

552.

Peek, Charles A. "'A-Laying Right There, Right Up to My Door': As American As I Lay Dying." In Faulkner in America (#139; 2001)' pp. 1 16-35. Discusses Faukner's use of images and metaphors of "the road" and "the house and its progeny," as well as religious images, to develop themes of frontier and family and the human struggle.

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553.

TGyama, Kiyoko M. "Reading As I Lay Dying as a Fable: Words and Deeds." Faulkner and the Modern Fable (#138; 2001), pp. 63-73. A character-by-character study of "this fable of words and actions" in which each one endeavors to straddle the distance fiom his and her words to actions, thus-hopefully-forming an integrated identity.

554.

Rippletoe, Rita. "Unstained Shirt, Stained Character: Anse Bundren Reread." Mississippi Quarterly 54, iii (Summer 2001): 3 13-25. Argues for a more sympathetic reading of Anse by focusing on his health problems, in part due to heat stroke.

555.

Chan, Amado. "Stereotypical, but Revengehl and Defiant: Addie Bundren in Faulkner's As I Lay Dying." Journal of Evolutionary Psychology 22, iii-iv (August 2001): 1 18-22. Argues that Addie is actually a complex character, defiant and revengeful.

556.

Lowe, John. "The Fraternal Fury of the Falkners and the Bundrens." Mississippi Quarterly 54, iv (Fall 2001): 595624. Discussing the tension that runs through Faulkner's major fiction, emphasizes how the Bundren novel is related to tension between Faulkner and his brothers and argues that "the banishment of Darl bears some resemblance to" Faulkner's "own experience within his family."

557.

Fitch, Brian. "Stock Phrases for All Occasions: The Lessons of As I Lay Dying." In Censored B o o b 11: Critical Viewpoints, 1985-2000. Ed. Nicholas J. Karolides. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow, 2002, pp. 42-50. An appreciative interpretive essay taking off fiom a 1997 parental complaint that the book is "pure filth."

558.

Boren, Mark Edelman. "The Southern Super Collider: William Faulkner Smashes Language into Reality in As I

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Lay Dying." Southern Quarterly 40, iv (Summer 2002): 21-38. Analyzes language in the novel, but questions poststructuralist interpretations emphasizing endless deferring and argues that in Faulkner such deferring can be stopped and the text can radically change a reader's view of his real world. 559.

Cass, Barbara Ann. "The Right Tools for the Job: Cash Bundren's Tool Box in Faulkner's As I Lay Dying." Teaching Faulkner, No. 20 (Fall 2002): 4-9. On Cash's nine tools and their "figural purpose."

560.

Engebretsen, Teny. "William Faulkner and Teeth." Rendezvous: Journal of Arts and Letters 37, ii (2002-2003): 23-25.

561.

Inge, M. Thomas. "William Faulkner and the Graphic Novel." International Journal of Comic Art 5, i (Spring 2003): 214-19. On a pictorial version of the novel done in 1991 by Andrd Juillard.

562.

Baldanzi, Jessica, and Kyle Schlabach. "What Remains? (De)Composing and (Re)Covering American Identity in As I Lay Dying and the Georgia Crematory Scandal." Journal of the Midwest Modern Language Association 36, i (Spring 2003): 38-55. An unusual "parallel" study, connecting book and episode for raising related questions about how we handle bodies, decay, privacy, and the "unspoken histories that have been pushed aside" but remain unburied.

563.

Paul, Somnath. "As I Lay Dying: Another Faulknerian Experiment in Modernist Narratology." In Indian Response to American Literature. Ed. T. S. Anand. New Delhi: Creative Books, 2003, pp. 52-68.

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On the narrative method and the reader's active participation in constructing the overall narrative, a role analogous "to that of the novel's fifteen narrators." 564.

Pettey, Homer B. "Perception and the Destruction of Being in As I Lay Dying." Faulkner Journal 19, i (Fall 2003): 27-46. Studies the novel's "epistemological concern with perception." Focuses on Darl's frustration at reconciling his existence and his chaotic world with his perceptions and with words, and on Addie's "complex fetishizing of language."

565.

Seaber, K. Ruth. "The Four Women of the Apocalypse: AddieICora, SulaNel and the Collapse of the Mythic Female." Teaching Faulkner, No. 2 1 (Fall 2003): 9- 13. Compares Faulkner's novel with Sula.

566.

Heaman, Patricia B. "William Faulkner's As I Lay Dying." In The Oxford Encyclopedia of American Literature. Vol. 2. Ed. Jay Parini. New York: Oxford UP, 2004, pp. 14-17.

567.

Liman, John. "Addie in No-Man's Land." In Faulkner and War (#159; 2004), pp. 36-54. Discusses the relevance of the Great War to the novel, not only to Darl's character but also to the book's linguistic and formal hypotheses and to Faulkner's handling of disillusion and illusion.

568.

Rueckert, William H. "The Coffin of Being." Faulkner from Within (# 160; 2004), pp. 49-6 1. Focuses on victims and victimizers, on the novel as "a demonic chronicle of how the children's individual being is lost, taken away, destroyed" by Addie and Anse. It is "almost without relief. . . driving toward some zero point of absolute helplessness."

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569.

Faris, Wendy B. "Southern Economies of Excess: Narrative Expenditure in William Faulkner and Carlos Fuentes." In Look Away! (#161; 2004), pp. 333-54. On relationships with The Death of Artemio Cruz, with a focus on "narrative excess, the expenditure of more narrative time and descriptive detail than is strictly necessary for the reordering of an event or a scene."

570.

Yamaguchi, Ryuichi. "'Sometimes I Aint So Sho': As I Lay Dying." Faulkner 's Artistic Vision (#165; 2004), pp. 115-39. On comedy and humor, as it plays variations on the tall-tale tradition and as it interacts with epic and tragic dimensions.

571.

Narcisi, Lara. "'One Spoke for All': Unity, Individualism, and Faulkner's Voices that Just Won't Be Ignored." Southern Studies 12, i-ii (Spring-Summer 2005): 1-22. Focusing on this novel and Absalom, explores how Faulkner uses "multivocality" and diverse voices to dramatize both the separateness and the interdependence of people, the tension between "the communal and the individual," as well as issues of "national identity."

572.

Atkinson, Ted. "Revolution and Restraint: Faulkner's Ambivalent Agrarianism." Faulkner and the Great Depression (# 167; 2005), pp. 173-220. Argues that while Faulkner shows "sympathy for the dispossessed and disenfranchised" rural citizens in his fiction, it also "displays chronic anxiety" over "dissident impulses" such as barn-burning that threaten the social order.

573.

Bauer, Margaret Donovan. "Cross-Country Corpses in Faullcner, Barthelme, and McMurtry." William Faulkner 's Legacy (#168; 2005), pp. 13-42.

Novels: As I Lay Dying Reads the postmodern work The Dead Father against a background of Faulkner's novel, and also compares Lonesome Dove with Absalom. 574.

Atkinson, Ted. "The Ideology of Autonomy: Form and Function in As I Lay Dying." Faulkner Journal 21, i-ii (Fall 2005-Spring 2006): 15-27. Drawing on Peter Burger, studies the novel as a "modernist text . . . caught in a dialectical struggle between retreat and engagement with social reality." The idea of artistic "autonomy" is important to Faulkner but also revealed by the text to be problematic.

575.

Lester, Cheryl. "As They Lay Dying: Rural Depopulation and Social Dislocation as a Structure of Feeling." Faulkner Journal 2 1, i-ii (Fall 2005-Spring 2006): 28-50. Drawing on Raymond Williams, connects the novel to the social dislocations taking place in the South during the 1920s and 1930s, involving modernization and mass migrations.

576.

Robinson, Owen. "Anyone Watching Us Can See: The Democracy of Perspective in As I Lay Dying." Creating Yoknapatawpha (#180; 2006), pp. 185-97. Influenced by Bakhtin and Iser, this argues that the novel is "a paradigm text of Yoknapatawpha" starkly dramatizing "the voyeurism and readerly complicity" so common in Faulkner as the reader takes on the "responsibility in bringing" relationships between sections "to life."

577.

Jackson, Tommie Lee. "The Influence of African American Folktales on Selected Literature by William Faulkner and Toni Morrison." "High-Topped Shoes" . . . (#178; 2006), pp. 7 1-90. On the use of folklore elements in this novel and others by both writers.

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Further commentary: #123, #179, #238, #258, #306, #312, #317, #379, #402, #1432, #1551, #1674, #1694, #1705, #1711, #1771, #1773, #1781, #1799, #1800, #1818, #1821, #1834, #1835, #1865, #1884, #1918, #1946, #1952, #1965, #2042.

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Sanctuary 578.

Roberts, Diane. "Ravished Belles: Stories of Rape and Resistance in Flags in the Dust and Sanctuary." Faulkner Journal 4, i-ii (Fall 1988-Spring 1989): 21-35. Included in Faulkner and Southern Womanhood (#63; 1994), pp. 12339. Using the earlier novel to clarify gender themes, argues that it is important to understand that Sanctuary really "is about rape," which is not merely a metaphor for something else, that it is "a text of the destruction of the female mind and body, the acting out of anger against the feminine."

579.

Machinek, Anna. "William Faulkner and the Gothic Tradition." Kwartolnik NeoJilologiczny 36, ii (1989): 105-14. On Gothic elements in setting, atmosphere, and characterization, specifically in this novel and Absalom.

580.

Bender, Carol F. "The Link between Language and Social Knowledge: Speech Situations in Faulkner's Sanctuary." Language and Sfyle 22, iii (Summer 1989): 329-36. Studies connections between language and social interaction in a number of scenes, for example, the "cognitive uncertainty" on both parts in the opening Horace-Popeye scene. Explains several levels of knowledge that define a person's control of his or her linguistic situation.

581.

Knights, Pamela E. "The Cost of Single-Mindedness: Consciousness in Sanctuary." Faulkner Journal 5, i (Fall 1989): 3-10. Focuses on Horace, a new version of an earlier Faulkner type, and argues that the "possibilities glimpsed and occluded in the writing, re-writing and unwriting of Horace testify vividly to the alarm of facing the Other at the heart of the self."

Novels: Sanc 582.

Lyday, Lance. "Faukner's Miss Reba and Shakespeare's Drunken Porter." Lamar Journal of the Humanities 16, i (Spring 1990): 69-80. On a probable source. Fiedler, Leslie. "Pop Goes the Faulkner: In Quest of Sanctuary." In Faulkner and Popular Culture (#8; 1990), pp. 75-92. On the role played by popular forms, such as detective and horror fiction, in the novel and on the book's misogyny and "voyeurism." Madden, David. "Photographs in the 1929 Version of Sanctuary." In Faulkner and Popular Culture (#8; 1990), pp. 93-109. Comparing 1929 and 1931 versions, discusses photographs, of Little Belle and others, and photographlike techniques; also discusses cover art for a 1947 printing. Polk, Noel, and John D. Hart, eds. Sanctuary, The Original Text: A Concordance (#20; 1990). Polk, Noel, and John D. Hart, eds. Sanctuary, The Corrected Text: A Concordance (#2 1; 1990). Bleikasten, Andrd. "The Blackness of Darkness." The Ink of Melancholy (#2; 1990), pp. 2 11-7 1. An extensive reading that focuses on how terror and nausea affect the novel's impact on readers, on the role of the body, on the ironic role of "innocence," and on the total "eclipse of the law" and the genuine. Duvall, John N. "'Man Enough to Call You Whore': And Daddy Makes Three in Sanctuary." Faulkner 's Marginal Couple (#7; 1990), pp. 59-80. Argues that it "is a radical novel, one that calls into question the structures of community" and shows the "sexism and misogyny interwoven in the communal values" of the society.

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589.

Seed, David. "The Evidence of Things Seen and Unseen: William Faulkner's Sanctuary." In American Horror Fiction: From Brockden Brown to Stephen King. Ed. Brian Docherty. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1990, pp. 73-91. Noting the book's use of conventions of detective and horror fiction, shows "how carefully Faulkner manipulates our expectations" and how consistently "the sources of horror . . . are insistently sexual."

590.

Watson, Jay. "The Failure of Forensic Storytelling in Sanctuary." Faulkner Journal 6, i (Fall 1990): 47-66. Emphasizes Faulkner's ironic use of the legal profession, the ways in which "narrative and panoptical techniques are used by individuals in the novel-to convey or distort truth, the disconnect between ethical ends and the process of justice, and the failure of Horace's forensic storytelling."

591.

Tanner, Laura E. "Reading Rape: Sanctuary and The Women of Brewster Place." American Literature 62, iv (December 1990): 559-82. A contrast between the ways Faulkner and Naylor utilize rape in fiction. Whereas Naylor forces the reader into a female and victim position, Faulkner lures the reader into complicity in the act but leaves him, like the jury, in a safe position.

592.

Boon, Kevin A. "Temple Defiled: The Brainwashing of Temple Drake in Faulkner's Sanctuary." Faulkner Journal 6, ii (Spring 1991): 33-50. Critiquing earlier criticism, grounded in an ideology which constructs "the feminine" in "masculine" terms, this is sympathetic to Temple and to Faulkner's portrayal of "the underside of a culture which promotes the psychological manipulation of women."

593.

Kirchdorfer, Ulf. "Sanctuary: Temple as a Parrot." Faulkner Journal 6, ii (Spring 1991): 5 1-53. On imagery of the "parrot" in the characterization of Temple.

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594.

Fink, Guido. "'Voiding the Words': Faulkner's Artist as a Self-Effacing Mask." In The Artist and His Masks (#34; 1991), pp. 155-64. Treats Faulkner as a writer who tried to be "voiding and abolishing all the possible words or proving them powerless," a creator of nonBorgesian mirrors.

595.

Knights, Pamela. "The Cost of Single-Mindedness: Consciousness in Sanctuary." In The Artist and His Masks (#34; 1991), pp. 213-23. Emphasizing revisions in Horace, considers differences between the two novels and sees the first as less monologic and more profoundly reflecting the multiple voices that play on Horace's consciousness.

596.

Urgo, Joseph R. "Sanctuary and the Pornographic Nexus." Novel Frames: Literature as Guide to Race, Sex, and History in American Culture. Jackson, MS: UP of Mississippi, 1991, pp. 77-1 12. Explores the novel as "an indictment of cultural attitudes toward sexuality," and discusses its relationship to pornography, seeing it "as a problematic text for inquiry into the workings of pornography as a system of meaning."

597.

Millgate, Michael. "Undue Process: William Faulkner's Sanctuary." In Rough Justice: Essays on Crime in Literature. Ed. Martin I . Friedland. Toronto: U of Toronto P, 1991, pp. 157-69. Included in Faulkner's Place (#loo; 1997), pp. 96-109. Argues that while generally conservative on matters of law and order, Faulkner continually, as in this novel, addresses perversions of the justice system.

598.

Lippman, Carlee. "William Faulkner and Patrick Suskind: Speaking the Unspeakable." Literav Half-Yearly 32, ii (July 1991): 73-85. Compares Das Parfum.

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599.

Schafer, William J. "Faulkner's Sanctuary: The Blackness of Fairytale." Durham University Journal 83, ii (July 1991): 217-22. Argues that Faulkner's Introduction is "a literary artifice" and that the novel is a dark satire on "current trends," a parody of gangster tales and the John Held cartoon vision of "college-daze," and a "jeu d'esprit of Faulkner's own concerns with city-country cultural tensions."

600.

Irwin, John T. "Horace Benbow and the Myth of Narcissus." American Literature 64, iii (September 1992): 54366. In Faulkner and Psychology (#6 1; 1994), pp. 242-7 1. Drawing on Pausanias's version of the story of Narcissus, which connects narcissism with brother-sister incest, studies Horace as "a transitional figure" between Quentin and Gavin, each having a "special relationship" with "an only sister."

601.

Chapdelaine, Annick. "Translating the Comic: A Case Study of Sanctuaire." Faulkner Journal 8, ii (Spring 1993): 67-83. On the failure of French readers, because of the translation and the critical context, to grasp the humor and the comic in this novel and generally in Faulkner.

602.

Folks, Jeffrey J. "Temple Drake as Modernist Heroine." Southern Writers and the Machine (#5 1; 1993), pp. 37-47. Sees her as a "modernist heroine," impersonal and rigid, associated with the mechanical, and also "the necessary martyr" before Faulkner could create a positive modem woman.

603.

Yin, Hum Sue, and Larry Young. "Alcohol, Faulkner, and Sanctuav: Myth and Reality." Publications ofthe Arkansas Philological Association 19, ii (Fall 1993): 37-5 1. Sees Faulkner as criticizing "the alluring, hollow myths" tied to alcohol and alcohol abuse.

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604.

Strong, Amy Lovell. "Machines and Machinations: Controlling Desires in Faulkner's Sanctuary." Faulkner Journal 9, i-ii (Fall 1993-Spring 1994): 69-8 1. Discussing the gaze, shame, and gender relations, argues that showing "the way power is configured in the novel . . . can help us read Temple's experience with more compassion."

605.

Tanaka, Takako. "What Horace Benbow Sees: Voyeurism, Narcissism, and Misogyny from Flags in the Dust to Sanctuary." Faulkner Studies (Japan) 2, i (April 1994): 27-4 1. Explores Faulkner's obsession with Horace's problems in connection with "his own self-portrait as an artist." Considers patterns of glancing and gazing, narcissism and voyeurism, as well as Horace's problems with a series of female characters.

606.

Clarke, Deborah. "Sexuality, Inhumanity, and Violation: Sanctuary and The Hamlet." Robbing the Mother (#58; 1994), pp. 51-91. Argues that both novels deal "with the ways that female sexuality threatens the male dominated social order." But women's bodies also "evoke the reminder of the mother's originating power, a force which is only violated at the cost of humanity itself."

607.

Gray, Richard. "And Woman Was Invented: Sanctuary." The Life of William Faulkner (#59; 1994), pp. 163-76. Discusses the novel in relation to Faulkner's ambivalence about his marriage, to his problematic treatment of female characters and gender relations, and to the sense felt by characters and readers of being closed in, encaged.

608.

Tebbetts, Terrell L. "Christianity's Slain God and Sanctuary's Apocalypse." Publications of the Mississippi Philological Association, 1994, pp. 176-8l . On Faulkner's ironic use of the Christ story and scapegoat images in developing Popeye as a kind of antiChrist.

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609.

Wilson, Andrew J. "The Corruption in Looking: William Faulkner's Sanctuary as a Detective Novel.'' Mississippi Quarterly 47, iii (Summer 1994): 44 1-60. Sees it as a novel about voyeurism and "detection." Relates this pattern to themes of social class and man's tendency "to isolate himself-sexually, socially, generally-from flesh."

610.

Bleikasten, Andrd, and Nicole Moulinoux, eds. Douze lectures de Sanctuaire (#66; 1995).

611.

Toombs, Veronica M. "Deconstructing Violence against Women: William Faulkner's Sanctuary and Alice Walker's Possessing the Secret of Joy." In The Image of Violence in Literature, the Media, and Society. Ed. Will Wright and Steven Kaplan. Pueblo, CO: Society for the Interdisciplinary Study of Social Imagery, University of Southern Colorado, 1995, pp. 2 12-17. Compares two novels about women who are victims of "culturaliy-defined gender roles'' and suffer violence used "as an avenue of social control and selfdefinition for men.''

612.

DeShong, Scott. "Toward an Ethics of Reading Faulkner's Sanctuary." Journal of Narrative Technique 25, iii (Fall 1995): 238-57. Drawing on Levinas and Derrida, seeks to "gesture toward an ethics of reading that might avoid manipulation of the reader, of the text, and o f . . . substantive human feeling." Emphasizes the importance to ethical reading of, for example, this "self-problematizing narrative," of confronting "the concreteness of the other."

613.

Bockting, Ineke. "'Don't Think I'm Afraid to Tell': Talking and Taboo in William Faulkner's Sanctuary." Q/W/E/R/T/Y:Arts, Litteratures & Civilisations du Monde Anglophone 5 (October 1995): 267-75. Focusing on the novel's "emphasis on seeing and being seen," this explores the "repressed quality of

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much of the dialogue" and the way Faulkner both inscribes and critiques taboos of his world. 614.

Mortimer, Gail L. "Reflections of Evil in Faulkner's Sanctuary." Q/W/WR/T/Y: Arts, Litteratures & Civilisations du Monde Anglophone 5 (October 1995): 283-89. On connections between evil and the female, sexuality, voyeurism, and narcissism.

615.

Polchin, James. "Selling a Novel: Faulkner's Sanctuary as a Psychosexual Text." In Faulkner and Gender (#82; 1996), pp. 145-59. Deals with the novel in relation to ideas about sexuality and perversion current in the 1920s, and argues that the novel "reflects the ways in which cultural narratives come to construct our values and desires."

616.

LaLonde, Chris. '"In Other Words': Language, Identity, and Ideology in William Faulkner's Sanctuary." Chiba Review 18 (1996): 24-42. On Faulkner's complex use of language to disclose the ideology of society in this novel and to critique its underlying values.

617.

Arnold, Edwin T., and Dawn Trouard. Reading Faulkner: Sanctuary (#74; 1996). A glossary and line-by-line commentary on the novel, as well as a chronology of episodes.

618.

Dijkstra, Bram. Evil Sisters: The Threat of Female Sexuality and the Cult of Manhood. New York: Knopf, 1996, pp. 380-90. Reads the novel as part of a pattern of "near-paranoic conception of gender relationships" in fiction of the period, seeing Temple as the "evil sister" and Popeye as one of the "under men." She is one of the "sterile vampire women" and Faulkner has both "hatred" for and "erotic fascination" with her.

619.

Gresset, Michel, ed. ~ t u d e sFaulknkriennes I: Sanctuary (#75; 1996).

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Saer, Juan Jos6. "Sanctuary 3 1." Tr. Nathalie Merrien. In Etudes Faulknkriennes I (#75; 1996), pp. 9- 1 1. A defense, by a French novelist, of the excellence of this chapter on Popeye.

621.

Moulinoux, Nicole. "Sanctuary Revisited." In ~ t u d e s Faulknkriennes I (#75; 1996), pp. 13-20. An analysis of the differences between the 1929 and 1931 versions, this argues that the published version is more violent and sensational, less Horace-centered, and comes "closer to the issues of the paternal hnction and the limits of one's power," even the writer's.

622.

Moore, Gene M. "The Narrative Surface of Sanctuary." In Etudes Faulknkriennes I (#75; 1996), pp. 21-25. Considers revisions in third-person narrative methods between the two versions, changes that show "Faulkner's rapid progress in the mastery of narrative technique" and clarify why "the novel is so resistant to analysis in terms of morals or moral judgments."

623.

Polk, Noel. "Faulkner in the Luxembourg Gardens." In Etudes Faulknkriennes 1 (#75; 1996), pp. 27-34. Considers the final Paris scene as the culmination of a series of connections between the novel and France, an approach that provides insights into the theme of Temple's sexuality and sense of her own body. In this world "female sexuality cannot exist on its own terms. It must be controlled, commercialized."

624.

Gresset, Michel. "Popeye in Sanctuary: An Exercise in Modernism." In Etudes Faulknkriennes I (#75; 1996), pp. 35-40. Discusses Popeye's "biography in Chapter 3 1" as an "exercise in modernism'' with nods toward popular culture.

625.

Cesari-Stricker, Florence. "'Precarious Angles': Topographical and Narrative Slants in Sanctuary." In ~ t u d e s Faulknkriennes I (#75; 1996), pp. 4 1-45.

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Argues that the angles, vectors, and slopes of the terrain in the novel's setting are related to the narrative trajectories, so that reading becomes a "precarious balancing act.'' 626.

Pitavy, Franqois. "Prohibition in Sanctuary: Motif and Metaphor." In Etudes Faulknkriennes I (#75; 1996), pp. 47-52. Says that Prohibition is an "omnipresent" motif in the novel and "also a narrative metaphor" and is "so parodied, subverted, displaced that the reader is brought to perceive it as the referent of another prohibition," Temple's sexuality.

627.

Weinstein, Philip. "Confessing Temple." In Etudes Faulknkriennes I (#75; 1996)' pp. 53-61. Drawing on Foucault and Barthes, argues that for the novel--or author-"confessing Temple" is the primary agenda.

628.

Parker, Robert Dale. "Sanctuary and Bad Taste." In ~ t u d e Faulknkriennes s I (#75; 1996), pp. 63-69. Argues that the novel really is "in bad taste" in, for example, the author's "erotic fascination with pubescent young women and girls."

629.

Guillain, Aurdlie. "Nursing and Seducing Girls in Sanctuary." In Etudes Faulknkriennes I (#75; 1996), pp. 71-76. Drawing on Jean Laplanche, focuses on Temple's scenes with Ruby and Reba and argues that, while she is described as child-like and they mother-like, in truth the episodes are not "steps in the protagonist's progress" but rather seduction scenes and "disruptive moments of regression."

630.

Mason, Nathalie. "Temple's Story: The Narrative of Trauma." In Etudes Faulknkriennes I (#75; 1996), pp. 7782. Argues that "too little attention has been given to the psychological consequences" of Temple's "survival

Novels: Sanctuary of prolonged trauma," which clarify her behavior at the trial. 631.

Gray, Richard. "Sanctuary, 'Night Bird' and Film Noir." In Etudes Faulknhiennes I (#75; 1996), pp. 83-88. Studies a synopsis that Faulkner wrote in Hollywood that when read next to this novel indicates his interest in and connection to noir narrative.

632.

Morell, Giliane. "The Detective Novel or the Unraveling of the Unconscious." In Etudes Faulknkriennes I (#75; 1996), pp. 89-95. Says that Faulkner uses a parody of detective-story elements to emphasize the elusiveness of the pursuit of truth and justice as well as the failure of paternal figures in a corrupt society.

633.

Zeitlin, Michael. "Masochism in Sanctuary." In Etudes Faulknkriennes I (#75; 1996), pp. 97-105. In a study of male fantasies of rape, seduction, and "masochistic sexual desire," this focuses on a set of scenes which have a person lying in bed, one who approaches, and a "voyeur who overlooks."

634.

Fujihira, Ikuko. "Temple Drake's Mimicry-Father's Language/Sister5sLanguage." In Etudes Faulknkriennes I (#75; 1996), pp. 107-14. Drawing on Bakhtin, argues that Temple is always "imprisoned in other people's languages," all parts of a patriarchal system, and that lacking her own language she can only parrot.

635.

Massender, James. "'Trying to Tell Them': The Limits of Language in Sanctuary." In Etudes Faulkniriennes I (#75; 1996), pp. 115-20. Focusing on episodes of violence, argues that vomiting usually suggests "the very limit of intelligible utterance, the point at which psychic processes become unthinkable, unspeakable."

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636.

Bleikasten, Andrk. "Dialogue in Sanctuary." In ~ t u d e s Faulknkriennes I (#75; 1996), pp. 121-28. Studies dialogues in the novel, which are "basically agonistic. Speech serves as a weapon" and "fails as a civilizing agency of interpersonal transaction."

637.

Forter, Gregory. "Faulkner's Black Holes: Vision and Vomit in Sanctuary." Mississippi Quarterly 49, iii (Summer 1996): 537-62. Explores the oral dimension of the novel's cruelty, the connection between the vomit and the self spewing, as well as the theme of gynocidal misogyny.

638.

Dunleavy, Linda. "Sanctuary, Sexual Difference, and the Problem of Rape." Studies in American Fiction 24, ii (Autumn 1996): 171-91. Argues that the novel undermines essentialist assumptions about sexual difference as a biological reality.

639.

Yamashita, Noboru. "Garrulity and Reticence: The Contrastive Structure of Sanctuary." Soai Daigaku Kenkyu Kiyo 13 (October 1996): 77-93.

640.

Railey, Kevin. "The Social Psychology of Paternalism: Sanctuary's Cultural Context." In Faulkner in Cultural Context (#97; 1997), pp. 75-98. Slightly revised as "Sanctuary: The Social Psychology of Paternalism" in Natural Aristocracy (#I2 1; 1999), pp. 68-86. Focusing on paternalism's "objectification of women" and combining ideological and psychological criticism, this argues that in the novel the "logical pattern of evil . . . becomes the logic of paternalism's social psychology."

641.

Trouard, Dawn. "X Marks the Spot: Faulkner's Garden." In Faulkner in Cultural Context (#97; 1997), pp. 99- 124. Drawing on Irigaray, sees Temple's story as "a culturally perverse one" and connects the final scene in Paris to Faulkner's own time in Paris and relationship to Flaubert.

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642.

Singal, Daniel J. William Faulkner: The Making of a Modernist (#102; 1997), pp. 153-66. Argues that in the end "it is the void-that relentlessly random character of the universe-that govems everything" in the novel. Through Temple, Narcissa, and Horace, the author undermines late Victorian and southern attitudes toward womanhood and morality.

643.

McDonald, Hal. "Faulkner's Sanctuary." Explicator 55, iv (Summer 1997): 222-23. Connects the title to Ruby's "small wooden box" behind the stove.

644.

Keane-Temple, Rebecca. "The Sounds of Sanctuary: Horace Benbow's Consciousness." Mississippi Quarterly 50, iii (Summer 1997): 445-50. Drawing on Lacan, discusses a pattern of sounds that "represent the sexual desire that Benbow simultaneously recognizes and fears."

645.

Campbell, Christopher D. "Sweeney among the Bootleggers: Echoes of Eliot in Faulkner's Sanctuary." Faulkner Journal 13, i-ii (Fall 1997-Spring 1998): 101-9. On connections with "Sweeney among the Nightingales."

646.

Scheel, Kathryn M. "Incest, Repression, and Repetition Compulsion: The Case of Faulkner's Temple Drake." Mosaic 30, iv (December 1997): 39-55. A psychoanalytic study arguing that the key to Temple's story is a previous rape by her brothers.

647.

Jawis, Christina. "'Like a Lady I Et': Faulkner, Food, and Femininity." Southern Quarterly 37, ii (Winter 1999): 105-17. Focusing on Ruby and Temple, as well as Joe and Lena in Light in August, discusses "the socially encoded gender norms in Faulkner's representations of eating and feeding."

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648.

Eddy, Charmaine. "The Policing and Proliferation of Desire: Gender and the Homosexual in Faulkner's Sanctuary." Faulkner Journal 14, ii (Spring 1999): 2 1-39. Explores "the way in which gender and sexuality are framed through violence in the novel" and ways in which criticism on the novel skews the role of rape and conflates "acts of sexual violence with a narrative of eroticism and pornography."

649.

Yarbrough, Scott. "The Dark Lady: Temple Drake as Femme Fatale." Southern Literary Journal 3 1, ii (Spring 1999): 50-64. Discusses Temple within a tradition of the "femme fatale" in literature and film.

650.

Phillips, Gene D. "Novelist versus Filmmaker: Richardson's Adaptations of Faullcner's Sanctuary (1961) and Waugh's Loved One (1965)'' In The Cinema of Tony Richardson: Essays and Interviews. Ed. James M. Welsh and John C. Tibbetts. Albany, NY: State U of New York P, 1999, pp. 127-40.

651.

Peny, J. Douglas. "Gothic as Vortex: The Form of Horror in Capote, Faulkner, and Styron." In The Critical Response to Truman Capote. Ed. Joseph J . Waldmeir and John C. Waldmeir. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1999, pp. 179-92. Compares books by Styron and Capote with Sanctuary, which "turns gothic inside out," and which posits Narcissa as "the real source of evil."

652.

Guttman, Sondra. "Who's Afraid of the Corncob Man? Masculinity, Race, and Labor in the Preface to Sanctuary." Faulkner Journal 15, i-ii (Fall 1999-Spring 2000): 15-34. Argues "that Faulkner's troubled representations of masculinity in both Sanctuary and its preface are a product of those changes in gender ideology that come about as an effect of the shifting Southern economy."

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142 653.

Wenska, Walter. "'There's a Man with a Gun over There': Faulkner's Hijackings of Masculine Popular Culture." Faulkner Journal 15, i-ii (Fall 1999-Spring 2000): 35-60. On Faulkner's appropriation of tropes and patterns fiom hard-boiled fiction of Hammett, Burnett, and others.

654.

Materassi, Mario. "What's in Popeye's Name." In William Faulkner in Venice (#127; 2000), pp. 75-87. On connections of the name to popular culture and other contexts.

655.

Muscio, Giuliana. "Sanctuary: The Story of Temple Drake." In William Faulkner in Venice (#127; 2000), pp. 221-37. On issues related to adapting the novel for the screen, with some scene-by-scene analysis, and on issues related to censorship and the Hays Office.

656.

Watson, James G. "Marriage Matters." William Faulkner (#132; 2000), pp. 70-102. On Faulkner's self-presentations and on this novel as "nothing less than the public revelation of his inmost personal life." Sees this as "a darkly personal book" and a kind of "authorial revenge" on Estelle and Cornell Franklin.

657.

Ramsey, D. Matthew. "'Lifting the Fog': Faukners, Reputations and The Story of Temple Drake." Faulkner Journal 16, i-ii (Fall 2000-Spring 2001): 7-33. A study of the 1933 movie, relating the "literary" to the "popular" Faulkner and covering the role of suggested lesbianism and bisexuality in advertising for the film.

658.

Patterson, Laura S. "Ellipsis, Ritual, and 'Ritual Time': Rethinking the Rape Complex in Southern Novels." Mississippi Quarterly 54, i (Winter 2001): 37-58. Studies the discourses about race in southern fiction, comparing the elliptically handled rape in this novel

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with rapes in other novels and also addresses ways authors implicate readers in the action. 659.

Dore, Florence W. "Free Speech and Exposure: Obscenity, the Phallus, and William Faulkner's Sanctuary," Narrative 9, i (January 2001): 78-99. Combines a psychoanalytic reading of sexual themes with legal history of obscenity decisions in order to show that the novel, though avoiding censorship, was on the boundaries of obscenity laws.

660.

Gordon, Maggie. "(Dis)Locating Evil in the Detective Novel and Film Noir: Faulkner's Sanctuary and Lynch's Blue Velvet." Clues 22, i (Spring-Summer 2001): 53-77. Sees both works as allegories "of Good and Evil" but also as works that "explode . . . generic conventions of the detective noveVfilm noir."

661.

Minter, David. "'Shapes of Ceremonial Mortality': An Encounter with the Aggressive Violence of Sanctuary." Faulkner 's Questioning Narratives (# 135; 200 I), pp. 10312. Argues that by withholding graphic details of terrible violent acts, often tied to gender and class themes, Faulkner forces his readers into a kind of complicity, because they must fill in those gaps.

662.

Balkun, Mary McAleer. "Faulkner, Cather, and 'Lost Ladies."' In Teaching Faulkner (#134; 2001), pp. 85-95. Argues that teaching this novel and A Lost Lady together can open up fmitfbl discussions.

663.

Terasawa, Mizuho. "The Dying Flower, the Dying Order, the Dying 'Man': An Analysis of Sanctuary." The Rape of the Nation and the Hymen Fantasy (#152; 2003), pp. 7 1102. Sees the novel as dominated not only by an obsession with "purposeless evil" and woman as evil but also by a desire to preserve the purity of women and maintain order.

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664.

Tebbetts, Terrell. "Sanctuary, Marriage, and the Status of Women in 1920s America." Faulkner Journal 19, i (Fall 2003): 47-60. Studies the absence of marriages in the novel in the context of 1920s arguments for a more egalitarian model of marriage to replace the patriarchal one.

665.

Inge, M. Thomas. "Fitzgerald, Faulkner, and Little Lord Fauntleroy." Journal of American Culture 26, iv (December 2003): 432-38. On Fitzgerald's curious connecting of the novel to Burnett's novel.

666.

Mesquita, Paula Pinto Elyseu. "Law(s) and Disorder(s): Male Trouble in Faukner's Sanctuary." Atenea 23, ii (December 2003): 153-75.

667.

Fant, Gene C., Jr. "The Blind Man, the Idiot, and the Prig: Faulkner's Disdain for the Reader." In Literature and the Writer. Ed. Michael J. Meyer. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 2004, pp. 155-74. Argues that in his major phase Faulkner shows a "disdain for the general reader" even if respect for serious reading. In this novel he "deliberately undermines his own text with conflicting senses, sensory illusions, and irrational logics." Also covers Absalom and The Sound and the Fury.

668.

Hinrichsen, Lisa. "A History that Has No Place: Trauma and Temple Drake in Sanctuary." In Misrecognition, Race and the Real in Faulkner 's Fiction (# 166; 2004), pp. 127-40. On the relationship between a set of social traumas in the text and Temple's sexual trauma. Trauma "inscribes itself in the text" through several "ghostly" hauntings.

669.

Lurie, Peter. "'Some Quality of Deliberate Paradox': Sanctuaty's Generative Conflict of High and Low." Vision's Immanence (#155; 2004), pp. 25-67.

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Sees the novel as a modernist text but also "a version of modernism that actively engaged with the popular art and consumer culture of its period." 670.

Rueckert, William H. "A Grammar of Negative Being." Faulknerfiom Within (#160; 2004), pp. 61-69. Argues that in this "most completely negative model of reality to be found" in Faulkner's fiction, the whole book denies the title and reduces "ontological possibilities . . to the violators, the violations, and the violated. It is a hellish ontological grammar."

.

671.

Yamaguchi, Ryuichi. "'Spitting into the Spring': Sanctuary." Faulkner's Artistic Vision (#165; 2004), pp. 140-65. Considers the integral role of the humor, the satire, and the grotesque as they are connected to the novel's dark themes.

672.

Fowler, Doreen. "Faulkner's Return to the Freudian Father: Sanctuary Reconsidered." Modern Fiction Studies 50, ii (Summer 2004): 4 11-34. Drawing on Lacan, argues that the novel "compulsively revisits and refashions" Freud's notion of the primal scene, dismantling an image "of the invincible father" and showing that models of identity formation or meaning-making based on repression or alienation are their "own undoing."

673.

Vanderwerken, David. "Faulkner's Underworld Communities in Light in August and Sanctuary." Teaching Faulkner, No. 22 (Fall 2004): 1-4. On hypocrisy and the ironies of "respectable criminality" in the novels.

674.

Atkinson, Ted. "Power by Design: Faulkner and the Specter of Fascism." Faulkner and the Great Depression (# 167; 2005), pp. 115-72. Argues that Faulkner was deeply engaged with the issues beneath the rise of fascism, that in this novel he uses methods found in gangster films dramatizing the

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"gangster theory of fascism." Also discusses Absalom, Light in August, and "Dry September."

675.

Bauer, Margaret Donovan. "Rape Fantasies vs. Rape Realities: More Skeletons Coming Out of Southern Closets." William Faulkner's Legacy (#168; 2005), pp. 160-76. Compares the handling of rape in later southern fiction with the role of rape in this novel.

676.

Wong, Gayman. "The Prying Eye: Voyeurism in William Faulkner's Sanctuary." In Eros.usa: Essays on the Culture and Literature of Desire. Ed. Cheryl Alexander Malcolm and Jopi Nyman. Gdansk, Poland: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Gdanskiego, 2005, pp. 86-99. Argues that in this novel not only the characters "but the readers too" are "practicing voyeurism," and the novel forces readers "to face the dark side of ourselves."

677.

Robinson, Owen. "To Look upon Evil: The Conspiring Reader of Sanctuary." Creating Yoknapatawpha (#180; 2006), pp. 3 1-40. On the reader-writer relationship in the novel, which here emphasizes the "audience aspect of readership, rather than the structurally creative elements" as in the Compson story, and which force the reader to play a "role in the conspiracy of watching that sustains" the novel's horror.

678.

Voth, Danna. "lgnis Fatuus in Faulkner's Sanctuary." In Conflict in Southern Writing. Ed. Ben P. Robertson. Troy, AL: Association for Textual Study and Production, with Troy University, 2006, pp. 113-21. Argues that the "absent center" of this novel is articulated in the title: there is no sanctuary or "safe place for women in its man's world and . . . few safe places for men as well." Says the novel is critical of the patriarchal structures.

679.

Sivils, Matthew Wynn. "Reading Trees in Southern Literature." Southern Quarterly 44, i (Fall 2006): 88-102.

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Compares tree imagery in the fiction of Welty and Hurston. 680.

Barker, Deborah. "Moonshine and Magnolias: The Story of Temple Drake and The Birth of a Nation." Faulkner Journal 22, i-ii (Fall 2006-Spring 2007): 140-75. Compares Faulkner's novel, and Roberts's film, with Dixon's novel and Griffith's film, showing that "all draw on sensational elements of the Southern rape complex" but that the movie about Temple not only replaces the African American with the "little black" lower-class white man-as Sanctuary does-but disrupts "the categories of race, gender, and region that the myth implies."

Further commentary: #156, #179, #225, #229, #232, #234, #452, #974, #1069, #1374, #1381, #1416, #1677, #1687, #1703, #1706, #1742, #1762, #1815, #1821, #1829, #1831, #1855, #1884, #1891, #1904, #1915, #1916, #1946, #2024, #2025, #2042.

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Light in August 681.

Ellis, Nancy S. "Comedy and Continuity: The Frame Device in Light in August." Publications of the Mississippi Philological Association, 1989, pp. 80-88. Argues that the final chapter is more than a "satyr play" and, through its sections on Byron and Lena, as well as the furniture dealer and his wife, is an effective comic ending for an otherwise tragic story.

682.

Gamnel, Irene. "'Because He Is Watching Me': Spectatorship and Power in Faulkner's Light in August." Faulkner Journal 5, i (Fall 1989): 11-23. Drawing on Sartre and Lacan, discusses Faulkner's "deliberate blurring of boundaries" and racial identity in presenting Joe's story. The evil lies in the boundaries themselves.

683.

Toomey, David M. "A Jungian Reading of Light in August's 'Christmas Sections."' Southern Quarterly 28, ii (Winter 1990): 43-57. Traces Jungian patterns in Joe's story, including "the libido myth."

684.

Wheat, Patricia B. "Dickens and Faulkner." Publications of the Mississippi Philological Association, 1990, pp. 185-91. Focuses on this novel and Bleak House.

685.

Bleikasten, Andrd. "Versions of the Sun." The Ink of Melancholy (#2; 1990), pp. 273-35 1. Focuses on the roles of sexual, racist, and puritan ideology; the control by grandfathers; and the "circle," an image that governs technique, patterns of repetition, and Faulkner's fundamental perspective on the world of the novel.

686.

Duvall, John N. "Murder and the Communities: 'Nice Believing' in Light in August." Faulkner's Marginal Couple (#7; 1990), pp. 19-36.

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Studies JoeIJoanna and ByrodLena as two alternative communities that radically critique "the hegemonic community's patriarchal values." 687.

Tirnms, David. "Carnival Yoknapatawpha: Faulkner's Light in August." In William Faulkner: The Yoknapatawpha Fiction (#14; 1990), pp. 128-46. Uses Bakhtin's notion of "carnival literature" as a way to reconcile critical conflicts about the role of the community in the novel and the book's formal coherence. Sees the story as "at once epic, horrific, comic and pastoral."

688.

Jowise, Christopher. "Living Fiction: Redefining the Symbol in Faulkner's Light in August." Mississippi Quarterly 43, iii (Summer 1990): 367-76. Argues that the novel is about fiction making and epistemological distinctions, about the questionable ways we turn experience and history into symbols.

689.

Nielsen, Paul S. "Secrets: Ritual and Inheritance in Light in August." Southern Review 26, iv (October 1990): 80 1 13. On the role of rituals connected to secrets and withheld meanings, with emphasis on Joe, Joanna, and Hightower, all "victims of secrets" who have "gross problems of personal identity."

690.

McAllister, Edwin J. "'That Still, Cold, Contained Figure': Symbol and Identity [in] Light in August." Notes on Mississippi Writers 23, i (January 1991): 15-23. On sexual symbols tied to the relationship between Joe and Joanna, who both fail "to establish the phallic self."

691.

Hlavsa, Virginia V. J. "The Crucifixion in Light in August: Suspending the Rules at the Post." In Faulkner and Religion (#3 1; 199l), pp. 127-39. Argues that Faulkner had a religious intent in using parallels with the Gospel of John and Frazer's Golden Bough, to universalize "the Christian trag-

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Novels: Light in August edy," to show Grimm as a "false prophet," and to show the crucifixion is connected to "persistent yearning for a scapegoat." 692.

Pearce, Richard. "Widening the Gyre: Light in August." The Politics of Narration (#38; 1991), pp. 97-1 10. On the importance of the authorial voice, "outraged and uncomprehending," which controls the movement of the novel in a "conservative pattern" and "validates the stories that deny Christmas his identity by fitting them into an author-ized narrative pattern."

693.

Hlavsa, Virginia V. James. Faulkner and the Thoroughly Modern Novel (#32; 1991). The first half of the book consists of essays on, for example, the use of myth and Christian patterns in the novel; the second half consists of chapter-bychapter analysis of such patterns.

694.

Sowder, William J. "Joe Christmas, Incommunicado." Existential-Phenomenological Readings on Faulkner (#41; 199l), pp. 4 1-57. Focuses on Joe's inability to form "a satisfactory relationship with any other human being."

695.

Andrews, Karen M. "The Shaping of Joanna Burden in Light in August." Pacific Coast Philology 26, ii (July 1991): 3-12. Considers how Joanna's character and role are determined by "Faulkner's choices regarding Joanna's heritage-in other words, her race, religion, and peculiar social position" so that the "fatal outcome" of her affair with Joe can be read as upholding "the status quo."

696.

Burgess, M. J. "Watching (Jefferson) Watching: Light in August and the Aestheticization of Gender." Faulkner Journal 7, i-ii (Fall 1991-Spring 1992): 95- 1 14. On Faulkner's use of "the romance structure of Southern social relations" and "the discursive formation of identities" in the novel. Emphasizes the "cul-

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tural binarisms" tied to race and gender and the narrator's and reader's "complicity" in such binarisms. 697.

Boker, Pamela A. "'How Can He Be So Nothungry?' Fetishism, Anorexia, and the Disavowal of the Cultural 'I' in Light in August." Faulkner Journal 7, i-ii (Fall 1991Spring 1992): 175-91. On Joe's rejection and evasion of "all externally imposed categories . . . based on racial and cultural definitions," his claim for himself of "an existence based on denial and repudiation," and Joanna's role as complement to Joe's "pathological behavior."

698.

Toomey, David. "The Human Heart in Conflict: Light in August's Schizophrenic Narrator." Studies in the Novel 23, iv (Winter 1991): 452-69. Drawing on Jung and Adler, argues that "Hightower is paranoid and schizophrenic, and that the entire narrative represents his interior monologue."

699.

Bidney, Martin. "The Ring and the Book and Light in August: Faulkner's Response to Browning." Victorian Newsletter 8 1 (Spring 1992): 5 1-59. Sees the novel as Faulkner's "most comprehensive attempt to reassess and refashion . . . the poetic legacy of the nineteenth century" and sees similar issues, image patterns, and techniques in the two works.

700.

Beppu, Keiko. "The Iconography of the Madonna and the American Imagination: The Missing Joseph." Kobe Jogakuin Daigaku ronshu 38, iii (March 1992): 93-104. Compares this novel and The Scarlet Letter, both books about a "holy family" with the father absent. Lena is "both the divine mother and the Earth Goddess," Byron becoming the Joseph.

701.

Criess, Karen. "Lena Grove's Motionless Activity." Proceedings of the Philological Association of Louisiana, 1992, pp. 22-25.

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152 702.

LaLonde, Christopher A. "Illuminating Light in August." Analecta Husserliena 38 (1992): 149-61. On rites of passage and rituals as keys to identity and characterization.

703.

Berland, Alwyn. Light in August: A Study in Black and White (#42; 1992). Emphasizes the novel's concern with a Calvinistic view of the world as it relates to time, to "vengeful pursuit," and to the linking of sex with destruction. Also discusses controversies over the ending.

704.

Weinstein, Philip M. "Subjectivity." Faulkner's Subject (#49; 1992), pp. 82-109. Explores "the becoming of male subjectivity" and changes in how critics see identity and subjectivity. Discusses the formation of the subjectivity of Joe as "the consequence of what has been done to him."

705.

Oliveira, Ubiratan Paiva de. "Not by a Negro but by Negro." Estudos Anglo-Americanos 16 (1992): 48-56. Says there is reason to doubt that Joe really killed Joanna.

706.

Goellner, Ellen. "By Word of Mouth: Narrative Dynamics of Gossip in Faulkner's Light in August." Narrative 1, ii (May 1993): 105-23. Another version appears as "Force and Form in Faulkner's Light in August' in Bodies of the Text: Dance as Theory, Literature as Dance. Ed. Ellen W. Goellner and Jacqueline Shea Murphy. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers UP, 1994, pp. 182-201. Argues that gossip is the key to the novel's centrifugal and centripetal forces and that this frantically energetic, disruptive text "is singularly ambivalent about its own 'artistry."'

707.

McHaney, Thomas L. "Faulkner's Cosmos and the Incarnation of History in Light in August." In Rewriting the South (#52; 1993), pp. 324-34. On how the development of Faulkner's sense of the importance of history played into his writing of this

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novel, for example, with the role of the lumber industry in the upper middle south. 708.

Bidney, Martin. "Windy McPherson's Son and Silent McEachem's Son: Sherwood Anderson and Light in August." Mississippi Quarterly 46, iii (Summer 1993): 395406. Considers "the surprising parallels in plot and characterization" as well as a probable influence.

709.

Hlavsa, Virginia V. J. "The Women in Faulkner Guiding Light in August." Women's Studies 22, iv (September 1993): 543-5 1. Suggests reading the female characters archetypally or mythically rather than realistically.

710.

Watkins, Ralph. "'It was like I was the woman and she was the man': Boundaries, Portals, and Pollution in Light in August." Southern Literary Journal 26, ii (Fall 1993): 11-24. Drawing on symbolic anthropology, discusses Faulkner's exploration of "liminality, rites of passage, pollution taboos and anomaly" as they relate to marginalized characters.

711.

Peppers, Cathy. "What Does Faulkner Want? Light in August as a Hysterical Male Text." Faulkner Journal 9, i-ii (Fall 1993-Spring 1994): 125-37. Drawing on Kaja Silverman, sees the novel as deeply and ambivalently concerned with the construction of male subjectivity in the face of the modernist crisis of male "'legitimacy."'

712.

Fowler, Doreen. "'I Am Dying': Faulkner's Hightower and the Oedipal Moment." Faulkner Journal 9, i-ii (Fall 1993-Spring 1994): 139-48. Says the penultimate chapter is important as the time when Hightower, long overdue, finally passes "through the oedipal stage" to achieve the status of a subject.

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713.

Watson, Jay. "Overdoing Masculinity in Light in August: Or, Joe Christmas and the Gender Guard." Faulkner Journal 9, i-ii (Fall 1993-Spring 1994): 149-77. Drawing on Judith Butler, argues that "the Grimm episode" dramatizes "the violent lengths a community will go to in the punitive enforcement of its gender codes."

714.

Visser, Irene. "Knowing and Remembering: Light in August as Readerly, Writerly Text." Readerly/Writerly Texts 1, ii (Spring-Summer 1994): 35-65. Revised for Compassion in Faulkner's Fiction (#89; 1996), pp. 315-72. Discusses the complexity of reader responses to the novel as well as the role of compassion in the structure of the book.

715.

Murakarni, Yosuke. "The Primacy of Generational Experience in Light in August." Joshida: Bungaku Gaikoku Bungaku lten (Osaka) 46 (March 1994): 1-30.

716.

Clarke, Deborah. "Bodies and Language: Light in August and The Wild Palms." Robbing the Mother (#58; 1994), pp. 92-124. Connects gender issues to language gaps and "the creative power derived from maternal fluidity." Building on connections between women's language and the literal and practical, men's and the figurative (and dominant), argues that the women "disrupt and overturn patriarchal standards of order."

717.

Gray, Richard. "Language, Power and the Verbal Community: Light in August." The Life of William Faulkner (#59; 1994), pp. 177-93. Reads the novel as being about language and power but also reflecting Faulkner's increased interest in social issues.

718.

Roberts, Diane. "The Racial Politics of Light in August." Faulkner andsouthern Womanhood(#63; 1994)' pp. 16985.

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Discussing Joanna as a variation on the spinster figure, says the Joe-Joanna relationship subverts gender and racial boundaries and questions the categories used to control social behavior in the South. 719.

Ruppersburg, Hugh. Reading Faulkner: Light in August (#64; 1994). A glossary, line-by-line commentary, and chronology.

720.

Bockting, Ineke. "Light in August and the Issue of Unreliability." In Literature and the New Interdisciplinarity: Poetics, Linguistics, History. Ed. Roger D. Sell and Peter Verdonk. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 1994, pp. 197-208. Included in Character and Personality in the Novels of William Faulkner (#67; 1995), pp. 145-98. A psycholinguistic study with emphasis on the reliability of each speaker, the complex narrative technique, and the mind-style of Joe. Jenkins, Lee. "Psychoanalytic Conceptualizations of Characterization: Or, Nobody Laughs in Light in August." In Faulkner and Psychology (#6 1; 1994), pp. 189-218. Drawing on Otto Kernberg, discusses characters in terms of object-relations, modes of cognition, splitting of self and object, and narcissism. Argues that the "novel says something powerful about the perils of defensive self-love." Kartiganer, Donald M. "'What I Chose to Be': Freud, Faulkner, Joe Christmas, and the Abandonment of Design." In Faulkner and Psychology (#61; 1994), pp. 288314. Relates Freud's abandonment of the seduction theory of neurosis to Joe's rejection of the certainty of racial binarism and identity. In opting for uncertainty he risks violating the community's "prevailing linguistic code."

156

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723.

Fowler, Doreen. "'You can't beat a woman': The Preoedipal Mother in Light in August." Faulkner Journal 10, ii (Spring 1995): 55-64. Says that seeing Lena, in Lacanian terms, as the "preoedipal mother" and "a figure of fusion" helps to bring the novel together for in a sense she "takes Joe's place'' and "is his double, a reflection of the repressed unconscious."

724.

Kirchdorfer, Ulf. "Light in August: Mrs. Armstid and the Rooster." Teaching Faulkner, No. 7 (Spring 1995): 6-7.

725.

Wittenberg, Judith Bryant. "Race in Light in August: Wordsymbolism and Obverse Reflections." In The Cambridge Companion to William Faulkner (#73; 1995), pp. 146-67. Deals with the novel's concern "with race as a linguistic and social construct rather than a biological given." Sees Faulkner as both complicit in and critical of his region's racial ideology.

726.

Arend, Mary Kate. "Perhaps the Narrator Protests Too Much: Conditional Narration in Light in August." Journal of Narrative Technique 25, iii (Fall 1995): 285-300. Discusses several kinds of conditional narration involving "perhaps" or other modifiers by narrator or character, and sees much of the pattern as the narrator's taunting of or power-play with the reader.

727.

Hays, Peter L. "Racial Predestination: The Elect and the Damned in Light in August." English Language Notes 33, ii (December 1995): 62-69. On Faulkner's reasons for specifying Presbyterianism in the novel.

728.

LaLonde, Christopher A. "Light in August: Identity, Ideology, and Interpretation." William Faulkner and the Rites of Passage (#86; 1996)' pp. 95-137. Shows that the novel focuses not only on language, reading, and interpretation but also on "rites of passage in order to illuminate identity and ideology and

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critique culture and community." Incorporates material from 1989 and 1992 articles.

729.

Weinstein, Philip M. "The Circulation of Social Energy: Race, Gender, and Value in Light in August and Beloved." What Else But Love? (#91; 1996), pp. 156-83. Treats the novels as "each writer's most incisive rendering of racial disturbance" and grapples with the issue of developing the "Other" in fiction and the range of possible reader responses to such treatments.

730.

Wachholz, Michael. "Marginality and William Faulkner's Light in August." In Cultural Difference and the Literary Text: Pluralism and the Limits ofduthenticity in North American Literatures. Ed. Winfried Siemerling and Katrin Schwenk. Iowa City, IA: U of Iowa P, 1996, pp. 130-41. Drawing on Judith Butler, this poststructuralist study argues that Faulkner here "deals particularly with the perception and construction of the marginalized by the center" and "questions the validity of the concept of identity as it is used in marginalizing discourses of race or gender."

731.

Miles, Caroline. "An Unshapely Whore and an Enchanting Beauty in William Faulkner's Light in August." Publications of the Mississippi Philological Association, 1996, pp. 46-50. On the vivid and significant contrast in Faulkner's presentations of Bobbie and Lena.

732.

Gable, Harvey L., Jr. "Hightower's Apotheosis in Light in August." Mississippi Quarterly 49, iii (Summer 1996): 425-40. A positive reading of Hightower's "visionary revelation" at the end, arguing that here he goes beyond his solipsistic containment.

733.

Sullivan, M. Nell. "Persons in Pieces: Races and Aphanisis in Light in August." Mississippi Quarterly 49, iii (Summer 1996): 497-5 17.

Novels: Light in August On Faulkner's grappling, through Joe, with the negrophobia of his own background, and on the change in Joe from subject to signifier in the course of the novel. 734.

Vanderwerken, David L. "The Abused Childhood of Joe Christmas." Arkansas Review 5, i-ii (August 1996): 11317. Expanded for Faulkner 's Literary Children (#104; 1997), pp. 23-45. On child abuse as a factor in Joe's development. The longer essay is on Joe's story as an antiBildungsroman and perverse model of child development.

735.

Frye, Allen. "Faulkner's Distorted Crucifix: Wood Imagery in Light in August." Teaching Faulkner, No. 10 (Fall 1996): 1-3.

736.

Monroe, Nancy. "Teaching Close Reading Techniques by Turning On a Light in August." Louisiana English Journal 4, i (1997): 80-83.

737.

Wadlington, Warwick. "The Guns of Light in August: War and Peace in the Second Thirty Years War." In Faulkner in Cultural Context (#97; 1997), pp. 125-47. Considers Faulkner's fiction, and this novel in particular, as a product of the warlpeace continuum between 1914 and 1935. Says the novel follows "the narrative logic of World War I and its aftermath."

738.

McKinley, Gena. "Light in August: A Novel of Passing?" In Faulkner in Cultural Context (#97; 1997), pp. 148-66. Studies the novel in the context of the conventions of the "tragic mulatto" and "passing." Connects Joe's racial guilt to "his loathing of all things physical."

739.

Bloom, James D. The Literary Bent: In Search of High Art in Contemporary American Writing. Philadelphia: U of Pennsylvania P, 1997, pp. 97- 106. Uses a passage in this novel as an example of "dirty eloquence," a pattern that runs through literature.

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740.

Fowler, Doreen. "Law and Desire in Light in August." Faulkner (#94; 1997), pp. 64-94. A Lacanian reading, incorporating material from 1993 and 1995 essays, that discusses the Hightower, Joe, and Lena stories as each recounting "the primal trauma from a different perspective" and narrating how "subjectivity comes into being."

741.

Singal, Daniel J. "The Making of a Modernist Identity: Light in August." William Faulkner (#102; 1997), pp. 167-88. Argues that Faulkner here turns the quest for identity away from his personal quest into "a vehicle probing the interaction" of the races and the social construction of racial identity.

742.

Puchek, Peter. "Faulkner's Light in August: Epiphany, Eternity, and Time." Southern Quarterly 36, i (Fall 1997): 25-36. Considers the role of epiphanies while noting that Hightower and Joe have "many epiphanies and yet seem unable to change their lives.''

743.

Ickstadt, Heinz. "The Discourse of Race and the 'Passing' Text: Faulkner's Light in August." Amerikastudien 42, iv (1997): 529-36. A semiotic reading of the novel as connecting "strategies of modernism" with "a dominant discourse" of race and patriarchy. Says the novel "topicalizes miscegenation and passing but is itself a 'passing' text."

744.

Sugarman, Helen Lynne. "'He Was Getting It Involved with Himself: Identity and Reflexivity in William Faulkner's Light in August and Absalom, Absalom!" Southern Quarterly 36, ii (Winter 1998): 95-109. Argues that Christmas and Sutpen threaten and subvert assumed distinctions of race and class, and that one of Faulkner's concerns is the importance of such boundaries and hierarchies to the community.

160

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745.

Ceylan, Deniz Tarba. "Blurred Action, Blurred Narration: Three Scenes of Huny from William Faulkner." Journal ofAmerican Studies of Turkey 7 (Spring 1998): 63-68. Discusses scenes of blurred action, which Faulkner connects to unreliable narration, involving Joe Christmas, Jason Compson, and Miss Rosa.

746.

Baker, Charles R. "A Certain Slant of Light: Teaching Light in August through Hightower's Epiphany." Teaching Faulkner, No. 13 (Spring-Summer 1998): 1-3.

747.

Jarraway, David R. "The Gothic Import of Faulkner's 'Black Son' in Light in August." In American Gothic: New Inventions in a National Narrative. Ed. Robert K . Martin and Eric Savoy. Iowa City, IA: U of Iowa P, 1998, pp. 57-74. Reads Faulkner's novel and Kristeva's sense of Gothic identity, particularly drawing on Black Sun: Depression and Melancholia, against each other and sees Joe as fitting Gerard de Nerval's idea of "El Desdichado" and Lena as an important "alternative to social control and sexual legislation."

748.

Bush, Laura L. "A Very American Power Struggle: The Color of Rape in Light in August." Mississippi Quarterly 5 1, iii (Summer 1998): 483-501. Drawing on Faulkner's use of the Bible and southern racial and gender structures, argues that Joe and Joanna "make conditional choices" that "literalize potent cultural myths" in "a futile effort to gain power over one another within a society where both white women and black men are subjugated."

749.

Mukhopadhay, Manisha. "Barthes, Bakhtin and the Faulknerian Counter-Mythology of Light in August." In William Faulkner: A Centennial Tribute (# 1 19; 1999), pp. 120-33. On the multiple discourses, perspectives, and versions of reality operating in the novel, which raise questions about the nature of "the real" and "the duality of the self and the world."

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750.

McKee, Patricia. "Playing White Men in Light in August." Producing American Races (#120; 1999), pp. 12345. Drawing on Habermas, emphasizes the construction of racial identities in the novel, where white men "do the looking that constitutes public meaning," but they are in a sense "abstract" with movable scenery, playing parts.

751.

Romine, Scott. "Narrating the Community Narrating: William Faukner's Light in August." The Narrative Forms of Southern Communily. Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State UP, 1999, pp. 149-95. Emphasizes the role of narrative itself as the center of the novel, as the way in which community defines itself, and in this novel the centrality of "black blood" to that definition.

752.

Watson, Jay. "Writing Blood: The Art of the Literal in Light in August." In Faulkner and the Natural World (#118; 1999), pp. 66-97. Drawing on studies of racist ideology by Colette Guillaumin, explores, in "this most blood-conscious novel," the cultural connections between ideas about race and blood.

753.

Dondlinger, Mary Joanne. "Getting Around the Body: The Matter of Race and Gender in Faulkner's Light in August." In Faulkner and the Natural World (# 1 18; 1999), pp. 98-125. Drawing on Judith Butler, studies how Lena and Joe "get around the restrictions imposed on their gendered or racialized bodies"; whereas Joe "destroys himself in the process," Lena is able to disrupt "the system."

754.

LaLonde, Chris. "Words, 'Barer' Bonds, and Light in August." In Approaches to Narrative Fiction. Ed. Jon Buscail and Outi Pickering. Turku, Finland: University of Turku, 1999, pp. 38-50.

Novels: Light in August On the importance of words, signs, and language to Faulkner's development of the economic, tragic, and humorous elements in the book. 755.

Neumann, Claus-Peter. "Knowledge and Control in William Faukner's Light in August." Arbeiten aus Anglistik und Amerikanistik 24, i (1999): 53-75. Drawing on Cixous, Lacan, and Althusser, this ideological study focuses on the importance in the novel of knowledge (and exclusion of others from knowledge) to the maintenance of "white supremacist patriarchy" supported by southern Presbyterianism.

756.

Hasegawa, Yoshio. "Ambiguity in Light in August." Osaka Gakuin Daigaku Tsushin 30, i (1999): 3-28. Argues that Faulkner may have focused more on strong sections of the book than on a united whole.

757.

Kirkland, Karl. "Criminal Responsibility in Faulkner's Light in August: A Forensic Assessment." Amaryllis 6 (1999): 57-59. This is related to Kirkland's "'He Could Do So Much for Me If He Just Would': Teaching Faulkner to Medical Residents" in Teaching Faulkner, No. 18 (Spring 200 1): 1-3.

758.

Lutz, John. "Faulkner's Parable of the Cave: Ideology and Social Criticism in Light in August." Mississippi Quarterly 52, iii (Summer 1999): 459-8 1. Says that Faukner uses Plato's allegory of the cave to criticize a "world imprisoned by the shadows of racist and patriarchal ideology."

759.

Gordon-Dueck, Julie. "Disrupted Attachment in Faulkner's Light in August: Joe Christmas's Search for a Secure Base." Journal of Evolutionary Psychology 20, iii-iv (August 1999): 170-79. Drawing on Attachment Theory and the work of John Bowlby, discusses the impact on Joe of a lack of consistent caregiver and development of a rigid "avoidant attachment style" of relationships.

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760.

Longe, Laurel. "Lucas Beauchamp, Joe Christmas, and the Color of Humanity." Teaching Faulkner, No. 15 (Fall 1999): 1-5.

761.

Widmaier, Beth. "Black Female Absences and the Construction of White Womanhood in Faulkner's Light in August." Faulkner Journal 16, iii (Fall 2000-Spring 2001): 23-39. Drawing on Kristeva, connects the "absent presence of the black female body" and subjectivity in the novel to the "markers of race and sexuality that define Southern black and white womanhood."

762.

Friday, Krister. "Miscegenated Time: The Spectral Body, Race, and Temporality in Light in August." Faulkner Journal 16, iii (Fall 2000-Spring 200 1): 4 1-63. Drawing on Derrida and Bhabha, argues that miscegenation in Faulkner becomes a trope for "the very process of historical change and genealogical transmission." Emphasizes the spectrality of Joe, the performativity of Joe's story, and the function of violence.

763.

Doyle, Laura. "The Body against Itself in Faulkner's Phenomenology of Race." American Literature 73, ii (June 2001): 339-64. A phenomenological study of slippages in the novel that communicate "the ontological rupture of the racialized body" in the South. Emphasizes "how the processes of social projection and interpellation take up and exploit" the "doubleness" of race and push its legacies off onto the reader.

764.

Minter, David. "A Brief Encounter with the Stories and Tensions that Define Light in August." Faulkner 's Questioning Narratives (# 135; 2001), pp. 86-95. Seeing Joe as "a tragically self-conflicted hero" who becomes "too much a self-conflicted ally of his world against himself," argues that the novel's tension is between "a desire for and love of life and a fear of it that becomes a hatred of it" (Lena and Percy).

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164

765.

Rio-Jelliffe, R. "Light in August: Bergson and Faukner on the Language of Time and Narrative Form." Obscurity's Myriad Components (# 136; 200 l), pp. 52-73. Drawing on manuscript revisions, argues that the influence of Bergson is deeper than concern about the "distinction between apparent and real duration" and is evident throughout Faulkner's work.

766.

Bloom, James D. "The Invention of Sunday: Eloquence and Counter-Eloquence in Light in August." In Teaching Faulkner (#134; 2001), pp. 97-103. On Faulkner's treatment of eloquence, ironically in Hightower's Tennysonian phase and sympathetically elsewhere.

767.

Tbyama, Kiyoko M. "Light in August: Christmas, Our Fellow Country Man." Faulkner and the Modern Fable (#138; 2001), pp. 95-107. Emphasizes the allegorical nature of the characters and the book's connection to Faulkner's interest in "Ode on a Grecian Urn."

768.

Okada, Yayoi. "The Access to Life's Flux: A Study of Hightower in Light in August in Reference to Henri Bergson and Jeremy Taylor." Kwansei Gakuin University Humanities Review 6 (2001): 79-102. Says that both the philosophy of Bergson and the theology of Jeremy Taylor influence the development of Hightower.

769.

Brown, Barbara. "Pairing William Faulkner's Light in August and Art Spiegelman's Maus." In Making American Literature in High School and College. Ed. Anne Ruggles Gere and Peter Shaheen. Urbana, IL: National Council of Teachers of English, 2001, pp. 148-55. On teaching Faulkner's novel with Spiegelman's "two-volume graphic novel."

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770.

Clarke, Deborah. "Humorously Masculine-Or Humor as Masculinity-Light in August." Faulkner Journal 17, i (Fall 2001): 19-36. On the "function of humor in the uneasy construction of male identity." Says humor "ties the discourse of race to the discourse of masculinity."

771.

Visser, Irene. "Faulkner's Light in August." Explicator 60, ii (Winter 2002): 89-9 1. On Lena's complex function in the novel. Medoro, Dana. "Light in August: 'The Phantom of the Old Spilled Blood."' The Bleeding of America (#144; 2002), pp. 89-102. Drawing on Derrida and Kristeva, argues that the novel, "filled with entwined allusions to menstruation and war," links "menstruation to a way of thinking based on interconnection and responsibility" and attacks "ideologies of blood purity and white supremacy" tied to the region's peculiar form of Calvinism.

773.

Weinstein, Philip. "Postmodern Intimations: Musing on Invisibility: William Faulkner, Richard Wright, and Ralph Ellison." In Faulkner and Postmodernism (#142; 2002), pp. 19-38. Discusses Christmas, Bigger Thomas, and Ellison's invisible man as figures, developed by three modemist writers, on a continuum moving toward a postmodem notion of invisibility.

774.

Gibbs, Jennifer. "White Identity and the New Ethic in Faulkner's Light in August." In Literature and Racial Ambiguity. Ed. Teresa Hubel and Neil Brooks. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 2002, pp. 141-56. A study, building on Erich Neumann's depth psychology, of the novel's repudiation of the "old ethic" of identity based on value-laden binary oppositions (such as blacklwhite) and justification of a new ethic dramatized in the final two chapters.

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775.

Morgan, Charles B. "'That Was What the Word Meant': The Seed of a Reading of Light in August." Mississippi Quarterly 55, iii (Summer 2002): 361-79. Focuses on Hightower's "climactic introspection" about the significance of Joe's death, and connects it to "the novel's rich web of sexual and religious language," to a pattern moving from sterility to "potency," and to a redemption for Hightower.

776.

Robinson, Owen. "'Liable to Be Anything': The Creation of Joe Christmas in Faulkner's Light in August." Journal of American Studies 37, i (April 2003): 119-33. Revised for Creating Yoknapatawpha (#180; 2006), pp. 163-84. Studies Joe as "a dramatic embodiment of the Bakhtinian chronotope" and the novel as focused on "the dialogic construction of identity."

777.

Dussere, Erik. "Figures in Blood: Closed Communities and Free Markets." Balancing the Books (#149; 2003), pp. 97-127. In comparison with novels by Morrison, studies the tension between community and market in the novel and the way in which they "construct their narrative investigations of exchange systems at the intersection of race and gender."

778.

Reichardt, Ulfried. "The Dangers of Remembering: Sites and Temporalities of Memory in William Faulkner's Light in August." In Sites of Memory in American Literatures and Cultures. Ed. Udo J. Hebel. Heidelberg, Germany: Carl Winter, 2003, pp. 65-74. Focuses on Hightower's "obsessive fixation on the past" as a way of getting at the function of memory as "situated occasions for performative events."

779.

Terasawa, Mizuho. "Puritanism, Sexuality, and Identity: An Analysis of Light in August." The Rape of the Nation and the Hymen Fantasy (#152; 2003), pp. 37-69. Argues that the book is united by "a series of conflicts between anti-puritan sexual actions and indi-

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vidual egos taking place in a world totally dominated by Puritanism." 780.

Folks, Jeffrey J. '"Memory Believes before Knowing Remembers': Faulkner, Canetti, and Survival." PLL: Papers on Language and Literature 39, iii (Summer 2003): 3 16-34. Revised for Southern & Caribbean Narrative from Faulkner to Naipaul(#169; 2005), pp. 11-26. Emphasizing this novel, argues that both writers deal with the propensity of people to react to fear and danger with violence and aggression and also deal with the need to find a force to turn "fear and suffering into human compassion."

781.

Hicks, Heather J. "On Whiteness in T. Coraghessan Boyle's The Tortilla Curtain." Critique: Studies in Contemporary Fiction 45, i (Fall 2003): 43-64. Compares Joe with Boyle's Jose Navidad.

782.

Loichot, Valerie. "Glissant, Yoknapatawpha." Mississippi Quarterly 57, i (Winter 2004): 99-1 11. Focusing on Joe's atavistic "relationship to the house-as-womb-as-origin," reads the novel "through the lens of Caribbean theorist Edouard Glissant" as a way of developing a transnational view of a literature of the Americas.

783.

Visser, Irene. "Faulkner's Mendicant Madonna: The Light of Light in August." Literature and Theologv 18, i (March 2004): 38-48. Emphasizes Lena's "almost instinctive spirituality" and subtle intelligence, which give her "a unique, natural serenity" making her such a contrast to the other characters.

784.

Nelson, Lisa K. "Masculinity, Menace, and American Mythologies of Race in Faulkner's Anti-Heroes." Faulkner Journal 19, ii (Spring 2004): 49-68. Studies the "cultural split in configurations of racialized masculinities" as embodied in this novel and Absalom. In this novel "race and sexuality" are en-

Novels: Light in August twined; in the later novel Henry must choose between two narratives, one involving incest and his own homosexuality, the other race. 785.

Rueckert, William H. "Demonic Incarnation and the Pestilential Word." Faulkner from Within (# 160; 2004), pp. 69-86. Argues that although the novel remains "fixed upon violence and destruction" it is more "full of expectation and hopefulness" than the novels right before it. Focuses on time, "kinds of being," the novel as "a bringing to light, an uncovering and a revealing," Joe's "ontological contradictions," and Lena's story.

786.

Lurie, Peter. "'Get Me a Nigger': Mystery, Surveillance, and Joe Christmas's Spectral Identity." Vision's Immanence (#155; 2004), pp. 68-102. Discusses modernist and popular culture elements, mostly by focusing on the black man as social spectacle and the influence of Birth of a Nation and other films.

787.

Green, Jared F. "Brutal Communities: Speech, Misrecognition, and the Disciplining of Race in Light in August." In Misrecognition, Race and the Real in Faulkner S Fiction (#166; 2004), pp. 101-12. Drawing on Foucault and Althusser, explores semiotics of race in the novel, Faulkner's "radical critique" of the "matrix of discursive practices and power relations" that underlie the maintenance of racial hierarchies.

788.

Stringer, D. "Memory as Fetish: Light in August." In Misrecognition, Race and the Real in Faulkner's Fiction (#166; 2004), pp. 113-26. Drawing on psychoanalytic theories of fetishes, explores the implications of the beatings by McEachern, Joe's relationship with Joanna, and the scene of Joe's death.

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789.

Yamaguchi, Ryuichi. "A Yoknapatawpha Pantheon: Light in August." Faulkner's Artistic Vision (#165; 2004), pp. 166-88. Considers the role of comedy and humor as well as religious themes.

790.

Matthews, John T. "This Race Which Is Not One: The 'More Inextricable Compositeness' of William Faulkner's South." In Look Away! (#161; 2004), pp. 201-26. Drawing on ideas of Homi Bhabha, and connecting sexual and racial patterns, argues that the novel undermines the fetish of stereotype or blood, that "the foundational uncertainty of majority identity in a racial society" is reflected in the story of Joe, and that Joe "falls victim to the South's refusal to admit the open secret of racial hybridity."

791.

Shao, Jindi. "Narrative Function of Structural Sequence." In Re-reading America: Changes and Challenges. Ed. Weihi Zhong and Rui Han. Cheltenham, England: Reardon, 2004, pp. 55-60.

792.

Potter, George. "Forced Domination: Intersections of Sex, Race and Power in Light in August and The Bluest Eye." Proteus 21, ii (Fall 2004): 43-48. On power relationships and sexualized violence in the novels.

793.

Schreiber, Evelyn Jaffe. "'Memory Believes before Knowing Remembers': The Insistence of the Past and Lacan's Unconscious Desire in Light in August." Faulkner Journal 20, i-ii (Fall 2004-Spring 2005): 71-84. A Lacanian study of the success of Byron, Lena, and finally Hightower in separating "their desire from the demand of their cultural symbolic" and freeing themselves "from the arbitrary laws of Southern ideology," in contrast to Joe, whose "internalization" of his cultural symbolic dooms him.

794.

Ruiter, David. "The (Re)Vision of History in Faulkner's Light in August: Hightower, Tennyson, and Shakespeare."

Novels: Light in August Interactions: Aegean Journal of English and American Studies 14, i (Spring 2005): 22 1-29. On connections with Tennyson's poetry and the Henry IV plays. 795.

Sills, Caryl K. "Patterns of Victimization in Light in August." Mosaic 38, ii (June 2005): 163-79. Drawing on ideas from victimology and Bhabha's work on postcolonialism, this discusses the change in Joe and Joanna "from victims of both family and societal abuse into victimizers of each other."

796.

Krason, Tim. "The Power of Religious 'Law' in Faulkner's Light in August." Publications of the Mississippi Philological Association, 2005, pp. 44-50. On the impact of religion on the shaping of Joe's character.

797.

Weinstein, Philip. "'Perhaps Looking Saw Once, Faster than Thought': Faulknerian Uncanny." Unknowing (# 175; 2005), pp. 11 1-14. Compares Kafka and Proust scenes with the episode of Joe leaving the dancehall.

798.

Daileader, Celia R. "Invisible Men, Unspeakable Acts: The Spectacle of Black Male Violence in Modem American Fiction." Racism, Misogyny, and the Othello Myth: Inter-racial Couples from Shakespeare to Spike Lee. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2005, pp. 170-207. Discusses this novel, Native Son, and Invisible Man "as inter-linked inter-racialist narratives" emphasizing "questions of specularity, knowledge, and human motivation." All show a "lack of sympathy for women" and "valorize black manhood at the expense of women."

799.

Messmer, Marietta. "Intra-American Internationality: Morrison Responding to Faulkner." In Internationality in American Fiction (# 170; 2005), pp. 187-242. "Focusing on the formation and representation of racial identity and racial boundaries" in this novel,

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studies how "the racial Other is . . . depicted as the repressed subconscious aspect of the white self." Then reads Paradise intertextually as a response to Faulkner's novel. 800.

Cobb, Michael. "Cursing Time: Race and Religious Rhetoric in Light in August." Boundary 2: An International Journal of Literature and Culture 32, iii (Fall 2005): 139-68. Drawing on Judith Butler and Hortense Spillers, explores the ways in which a religious rhetoric, often an irreverent rhetoric, in connection to time, complicates and even obfuscates the novel's racial themes and "the representation of the racial body."

801.

Lackey, Michael. "The Ideological Function of the GodConcept in Faulkner's Light in August." Faulkner Journal 2 1, i-ii (Fall 2005-Spring 2006): 66-90. Argues that in the novel patriarchy and racism are dependent on belief in a God-concept and that the novel suggests that "only by renouncing God and embracing ideology can human intimacy become a real possibility."

802.

Fenrick, Michael. "'With Judgment Reserved': Reading Both Predictably and Unpredictably in William Faukner's Light in August and The Wild Palms." Faulkner Journal 2 1, i-ii (Fall 2005-Spring 2006): 121-32. Drawing on Derrida, explores Faulkner's fiction of the 1930s as both reproducing "his institutional history" and demonstrating "how to destabilize momentarily the totalizing narratives of human institutions." Emphasizes acts of reading in relation to questions about "subjectivity and agency," determinism and standardization, and Hollywood culture.

803.

Irmick, Kristine. "Internal Conflict Revealed through the Historical Perspective and Social Commentary of Faulkner." In Conflict in Southern Writing. Ed. Ben P. Robertson. Troy, AL: Association for Textual Study and Production, with Troy University, 2006, pp. 101-11.

Novels: Light in August

Argues that Faulkner in such novels as this one is deliberately working through issues, such as race, about which he has conflicting and even contradictory views. 804.

Jackson, Tommie Lee. "'High-Topped Shoes': Signifiers of Race, Class, and Gender in Selected Fiction by William Faulkner and Toni Morrison." "High-Topped Shoes " . . . (#178; 2006), pp. 13-36. On the use of this kind of brogan, or shoelessness, as a marker of race or poverty in this novel and others by both writers. Ldpez, Alfred J. "Queering Whiteness, Queering Faulkner: Hightower's 'Wild Bulges."' Faulkner Journal 22, iii (Fall 2006-Spring 2007): 74-89. Focusing on Hightower, studies how work on whiteness combined with queer theory can open up major texts in southern literature. Says Hightower's final "introspection and self-protection" revolve around his repressed homosexuality that connects with his attempt to offer an alibi for Joe, with his wife's death, and with other tensions challenging "heteronormative whiteness."

806.

Abdur-Rahman, Aliyyah I. "White Disavowal, Black Enfranchisement, and the Homoerotic in William Faulkner's Light in August." Faulkner Journal 22, i-ii (Fall 2006Spring 2007): 176-92. Considers the way Joe "emblematizes the crisis of the post-Reconstruction racial order," and the way miscegenation is the means of representing "the imperiled state of white masculinity" and "the homoerotic desire and dread" beneath "white male obsession with black manhood."

807.

Jackson, Chuck. "American Emergencies: Whiteness, the National Guard, and Light in August." Faulkner Journal 22, i-ii (Fall 2006-Spring 2007): 193-208. Sees Grimm's role in the National Guard as elevating the horror of his action to a critique of the state "as an

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173

unstoppable agent of death" and also as ironically undermining Gavin's whiteblack theory because it ties whiteness to "the horror of state-based violence." Further commentary: #156, #179, #275, #286, #375, #452, #480, #584, #647, #673, #674, #912, #972, #1065, #1090, #1114, #1186, #1190, #1234, #1259, #1266, #1335, #1421, #1432, #1438, #1676, #1685, #1703, #1705, #1706, #1732, #1735, #1742, #1760, #1767, #1770, #1771, #1784, #1785, #1787, #1794, #1797, #1800, #1815, #1816, #1820, #1821, #1822, #1824, #1849, #1853, #1857, #1859, #1864, #1865, #1882, #1884, #1889, #1895, #1904, #1918, #1946, #1952, #1965, #1987, #2005, #2028, #2036.

Novels: Pylon

174

Pylon 808.

Matthews, John T. "The Autograph of Violence in Faulkner's Pylon." In Southern Literature and Literary Theory (# 11; 1990), pp. 247-69. Drawing on Bakhtin and insisting that the novel is embedded in the social and economic conflicts of its time, argues that it explores "the complex relation between order and reform, power and resistance, stability and discontentment, entitlement and exclusion."

809.

Phillips, K. J. "Celebrating Sexuality with Isis." Dying Gods in Twentieth-Century Fiction. Lewisburg, PA: Bucknell UP, 1990, pp. 138-63. Comparing Faulkner with Lawrence, emphasizes Faulkner's use of Isis and Osiris myths, fertility patterns, and vegetation myths.

810.

Duvall, John N. "Paternity in Pylon: 'Some Little Sign?"' Faulkner 's Marginal Couple (#7; 1990), pp. 8 1-97. Arguing that this is another of Faulkner's treatment of men and women on the margins of society, calls Roger "a subversive male charactery'and also a "tragic embodiment" of "the antipatriarchal male."

811.

Harrington, Gary. "Pylon." Faulkner's Fables of Creativity (#lo; 1990), pp. 44-62. Emphasizes the role of the reporter, his illusions and faulty perspective, and the concern of the novel with "the narrative processes and prejudices which foster equally unsatisfactory interpretations."

812.

Zeitlin, Michael. "Faulkner's Pylon: The City in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction." Canadian Review of American Studies 22, ii (Fall 1991): 229-40. Sees the novel as a "savage indictment" of the modem American city and the modem world.

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175

813.

Yerkes, David. "The Reporter's Name in Pylon and Why That's Important." Faulkner Journal 6, ii (Spring 1991): 3-8. On Faulkner's use of the name "That."

814.

Meindl, Dieter. "Between Eliot and Atwood: Faulkner as Ecologist." In Faulkner, His Contemporaries, and His Posterity (#56; 1993), pp. 301-8. Comparing Surjiacing, discusses Faulkner's use of the grotesque, "radical environmentalism," and undermining of a mind-body dualism.

815.

Folks, Jeffrey J. "Faulkner's Doomed Aviators: Pylon." Southern Writers and the Machine (#51; 1993), pp. 25-35. Sees the novel as Faulkner's "study of a bleak modem landscape of lost community and expediency" and as reflecting his ambivalence toward technology.

816.

Harrington, Gary. "Miss Lonelyhearts and Pylon: The Influence of Anxiety." ANQ 6, iv (October 1993): 209-1 1. Considers several parallels.

817.

Wagner, Vivian. "Gender, Technology, and Utopia in Faulkner's Airplane Tales." Arizona Quarterly 49, iv (Winter 1993): 79-97. Argues that "Faulkner's participation in the Modernist project of technologizing bodies reveals a utopian desire to imagine" a world "in which power is not gender, race, or class specific . . . but rather fluid."

818.

Gray, Richard. "The Virile Pilot and the Seductions of the Air: Pylon." The Life of William Faulkner (#59; 1994), pp. 193-203. Argues that the novel is ambivalent about progress, the city, and mechanization, and that the main characters are full of contradictions.

819.

Ideo, Yasuko. "Treatment of Time in Faulkner's Works, 8: Vain Strife for Seconds in a Waste Land in Pylon." Shokei Daigaku Kenkyukiuo 18 (February 1995): 17-31.

Novels: Pylon On time in the modem world and mortality as themes of the novel. 820.

Holditch, W. Kenneth. "Pylon Is Faulkner's Eulogy to Courage of Vanishing Breed." Faulkner Newsletter, April-June 1995, pp. 2,4.

821.

Zeitlin, Michael. "Pylon, Joyce, and Faulkner's Imagination." In Faulkner and the Artist (#81; 1996), pp. 181207. Studies the novel's playful imitation of, revision of, and interaction with Ulysses. Focuses on the "Aeolus" chapter and argues Faulkner was working out several problems with narrative while writing Absalom and that this process was important to solving those.

822.

KnBnagel, Axel. "Modernity and Mechanization: Pylon and the Novels of John Dos Passos." Amerikastudien 42, iv (1997): 591-600. Argues that like Dos Passos's novels, this book is critical of modernity and postwar chaos.

823.

Watson, James G. "Who's Your Old Man?" William Faulkner (#132; 2000), pp. 103-35. Explores this novel and Absalom in relation to Faulkner's ongoing concern with issues of paternity, fathers and sons, and his own guidance from older men.

824.

Tdyama, Kiyoko M. "Pylon: Faulkner's Splendid Lumber Room." Faulkner and the Modern Fable (# 138; 2001), pp. 39-50. Finds the novel full of fascinating parts reflecting Faulkner's abiding concern with language, with love (eros and ethos), and with tensions between action and art.

825.

Urgo, Joseph R. "Postvomiting: Pylon and the Faulknerian Spew." In Faulkner and Postmodernism (#142; 2002), pp. 124-42.

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Studies the significance of the widespread vomiting but also sees the book as a postmodernist vomiting of "the very points of coalescence on which Absalom, Absalom!, as infmitely structured discourse, depends." 826.

Rueckert, William H. "Verticality and Flight Passions." Faulknerfrom Within (# 160; 2004), pp. 89-99. Emphasizes the book's "essentially existential vision" and argues that the flight group "represents the driven, compelled, possessed self' Faulkner so often created.

827.

Yamaguchi, Ryuichi. "'Between Infinity and Dust': Pylon." Faulkner 's Artistic Vision (# 165; 2004), pp. 189208. Studies the role of humor, situational jokes, and "explicit narrative satire" in Faulkner's "Waste Land" novel.

828.

Gaylord, Joshua. "The Radiances of the Fake: Pylon's Postmodern Narrative of Disease." Faulkner Journal 20, i-ii (Fall 2004-Spring 2005): 177-95. Focuses on the reporter, his vampire qualities as victim and victimizer, and the "disease of narrative vampirism addressed in the novel." Faulkner asks "what it means to 'report' in a context where objective reporting has lost its meaning."

829.

Hagood, Taylor. "Media, Ideology, and the Role of Literature in Pylon." Faulkner Journal 2 1, i-ii (Fall 2005Spring 2006): 107-19. Focuses on the novel's concern with media and "capitalist ideology" and argues that Faulkner's concern is "whether or not literature . . . can actually escape the values of capitalistic ideology and the hegemonic forces that empower it."

Further commentary: # 179, # 1078, # 1090, # 1820.

Novels: Absalom, Absalom!

Absalom, Absalom! 830.

Gunter, Susan Elizabeth. "Will and Endurance: That French Architect in Absalom, Absalom!" Encyclia 65 (1988): 118-28. Sees the architect as one who, unlike Quentin and other characters, "accepts defeat and suffering, and walks away to live his life."

831.

Foerst, Jenny Jennings. "The Psychic Wholeness and Corrupt Text of Rosa Coldfield: 'Author and Victim Too' of Absalom, Absalom! " Faulkner Journal 4, i-ii (Fall 1988Spring 1989): 37-53. Re-centers Rosa's narrative and voice, her "feminine performative rhetoric" and "erotic, matrimonial vision," so unlike the patriarchal narratives that dominate the text and criticism of the text.

832.

Duvall, John N. "Authentic Ghost Stories: Uncle Tom's Cabin, Absalom, Absalom! and Beloved." Faulkner Journal 4, i-ii (Fall 1988-Spring 1989): 83-97. Shows how Morrison's novel engages the other two with regard to patriarchal models and also discusses how Faulkner "scrutinizes the epistemic base of logocentrism" and patriarchy.

833.

De Abrufia, Laura Niesen. "The 'Incredible Indigo Sea' within Anglo-American Fiction." In Engendering the Word: Feminist Essays in Psychosexual Poetics. Ed. Tenina F. Berg. Urbana, IL: U of Illinois P, 1989, pp. 125-50. Includes discussion of the West Indian element in Sutpen's development.

834.

Boone, Joseph A. "Creation by the Father's Fiat: Paternal Narrative, Sexual Anxiety, and the Dehumanizing Designs of Absalom, Absalom!" In Refiguring the Father: New Feminist Readings of Patriarchy. Ed. Patricia Yaeger and Beth Kowaleski-Wallace. Carbondale, IL: Southem Illinois UP, 1989, pp. 209-37.

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Argues that while even in its frustrating elliptical narration the novel undermines the myth of patriarchy, it is also dominated by "male bonding," marginalization of the female, and "anxieties engendered by female sexuality." 835.

Lowe-Evans, Mary. "Conrad's James Wait: Prototype of Faulkner's Charles Bon." Conradiana 2 1, iii (Autumn 1989): 22 1-29. Sees Bon's appearance in Yoknapatawpha as having an effect similar to the situation on the Narcissus.

836.

Ferrer, Daniel. "Editorial Changes in the Chronology of Absalom, Absalom! A Matter of Life and Death." Faulkner Journal 5, i (Fall 1989): 45-48. Considers inconsistencies, for example, in the death date of Quentin, and whether they should really be corrected.

837.

Gay, Richard. "Arthurian Tragedy in Faulkner's Absalom, Absalom!" Notes on Mississippi Writers 22, i (1990): 2940. Sees the novel as "a modem Le Morte Darthur" and as a tragic chivalric romance.

838.

Urgo, Joseph R. "Absalorn, Absalom! The Movie." American Literature 62, i (March 1990): 56-73. Argues that Hollywood had a shaping influence on the novel, Faulkner's first in which multiple narrators interact dialogically and, in effect, shape the fiction as a team. In a way the book "is about moviemaking."

839.

Hayase, Hironori. "Sibling Incest in Absalom, Absalom!" Kyushu American Literature 3 1 (1990): 97- 111. Considers why Henry might countenance incest between Judith and Henry, even if not miscegenation.

840.

Boa, Hush Paul. b'Absalom,Absalom! as a Parable of the Phenomenological Reading Process." Publications of the Mississippi Philological Association, 1990, pp. 15-20.

Novels: Absalom, Absalom!

Discusses "the author's implied belief in the reader's active role in artistic creativity," a symbolic process of collaboration. 841.

Leupin, Alexandre. "Absalom, Absalom! The Outrage of Writing." Tr. Douglas Saylor. In Southern Literature and Literary Theory (#11; 1990), pp. 226-46. Influenced by Derrida, this argues that in some ways the fictitious Compson "genealogy problematizes the paternity (or maternity) of the text. itself, as well as the questions of writing's signature." It cannot "assure the 'authenticity' of the narrative."

842.

Scherer, Olga. "A Dialogic Hereafter: The Sound and the Fury and Absalom, Absalom!" In Southern Literature and Literary Theory (#11; 1990), pp. 300-3 17. A Bakhtinian study on characters recurring in second novels that calls this "Faulkner's only fully-fledged polyphonic novel."

843.

Duvall, John N. "Patriarchal Designation: The Repression of the Feminine in Absalom, Absalom! " Faulkner 's Marginal Couple (#7; 1990), pp. 10 1-18. Explores relationships that question conventional notions of gender and family, such as Bon and Henry, Quentin and Shreve.

844.

Gwin, Minrose C. "The Silencing of Rosa Coldfield." The Feminine and Faulkner (#9; 1990), pp. 63-121. A feminist study that revolves around the silencing of Rosa and the feminine within patriarchal master narratives and the role of Rosa as the disruptive voice that turns the text back on itself.

845.

Kuyk, Dirk, Jr. Sutpen's Design: Interpreting Faulkner's Absalom, Absalom! (# 13; 1990).

846.

Moreland, Richard C. "Nausea and Irony's Failing Distances in Absalom, Absalom!" Faulkner and Modernism (#16; 1990), pp. 23-78; and "Willfulness and Irony's Other Voices in Absalom, Absalom!" pp. 79- 121.

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The first studies the pervasive use of modernist irony and compulsive repetition in the first four chapters that present Rosa's nostalgia and Compson's genteel irony. The second focuses on Faulkner's growing "critique or irony in its Southern and modernist literary and social manifestations" and sees Quentin and Shreve as creating "a kind of New Critical interpretive metanarrative" that unravels in the end. 847.

Slaughter, Carolyn Norman. "Absalom, Absalom! 'Fluid Cradle of Events (Time)."' Faulkner Journal 6, ii (Spring 1991): 65-84. A reconsideration of "time" in the novel, influenced by Heidegger, Bergson, and Ricouer, that argues the novel addresses the "interpenetration and interchangeability of time and being."

848.

Leach, Elsie. "Building One's Own Home: Walden and Absalom, Absalom!" Sun Jose Studies 17, ii (Spring 1991): 62-83. Draws connections between two books that center around the building of a significant house in the natural world.

849.

Wagner-Martin, Linda. "Rosa Coldfield as Daughter: Another of Faulkner's Lost Children." Studies in American Fiction 19, i (Spring 1991): 1-13. Sees Rosa as another of Faulkner's children reflecting "the misuse of parental authority."

850.

Donnelly, Colleen E. "Compelled to Believe: Historiography and Truth in Absalom, Absalom!" Style 25, i (Spring 1991): 104-22. Studies the novel's concern with "the making of history," the frustrating "quest for historical knowledge," and "the inadequacy of any paradigm" for explaining the past.

851.

Ohmine, Haruko. "The Umbilical Cord of Narrative in Absalom, Absalom!" Faulkner Studies (Japan) 1, i (Spring 1991): 43-59.

Novels: Absalom, Absalom!

Influenced by Bakhtin, discusses the central role of Quentin as active listener in the novel, Quentin who must absorb and connect "all the accumulated information" and compose "it into one communicative chain of narrative." 852.

Fujihira, Ikuko. "The Black Mask: A Double Consciousness in Faulkner's Novels." In The Artist and His Masks (#34; 1991), pp. 245-54. Finds in Faulkner's novels hidden or "suffocated voices," often of black characters, and shows "how these unspoken obscurities are brought into the light of language."

853.

Bevilacqua, Winifred Farrant. "History into Narrative: William Faulkner's Absalom, Absalom!" In The Artist and His Masks (#34; 1991), pp. 255-78. Studies epistemological and narrative issues, arguing that "reading becomes a sense-making activity" requiring not only "selection and organization" but filling in gaps and reformulating.

854.

Yoshida, Michiko. "A Challenge from the Mask: A Search for Judith Sutpen's Untold Story." In The Artist and His Masks (#34; 199I), pp. 295-3 11. Comparing effects in Japanese mask plays, reconsiders Judith and her impregnable silence in contrast to Rosa and other narrators. Sees her "silence and . . . closed face" as an "expressive self-assertion or even an indictment" of a patriarchal society.

855.

Lidsey, William D. "Disorder as Order: Absalom, Absalom!'s Inversion of the Judeo-Christian Creation Myth." In Faulkner and Religion (#3 1; 199l), pp. 85- 102. Argues that Faulkner uses the Biblical story of the creation as a backdrop for Sutpen's design and "employs creation imagery to comment on Sutpen's pretentious self-creation and his ironically destructive creation of the domain of Sutpen's Hundred."

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856.

Meeter, Glenn. "Quentin as Redactor: Biblical Analogies in Faulkner's Absalom, Absalom!" In Faulkner and Religion (#3 1; 1991), pp. 103-26. Studies the novel against the background of the King David stories and sees Quentin's synthesis as being like the process of the Bible being put together.

857.

Cashin, Joan E. A Family Venture: Men and Women on the Southern Frontier. New York: Oxford UP, 1991, pp. 3-4, 119-20. Comments on the novel's dealing with gender and generational themes related to the frontier.

858.

Ragan, David Paul. Annotations to Faulkner 's Absalom, Absalom! (#39; 1991). Parker, Robert Dale. Absalom, Absalom! The Questioning of Fictions (#37; 1991). Particularly useful on ways each narrative bias can shape, skew, and revise the story. Connects actual information with personal agendas and narrative structures. Considers ways bigamy, incest, and miscegenation affect those structures as well as the book's patriarchal obsessions.

860.

Rogers, Franklin R., and Mary Ann Rogers. "Through the Last Door: Faulkner, Absalom, Absalom!" Occidental Ideographs: Image, Sequence, and Literary History. Lewisburg, PA: Bucknell UP, 1991, pp. 159-87. Focuses on "the archetropic force" of the image, the ideograph, the "door" where one enters or one is barred. For Quentin and others there is no passing through the door into the light.

861.

Simpson, Lewis P. "On William Faulkner's Absalom, Absalom!" In Classics of Civil War Fiction. Ed. David Madden and Peggy Bach. Jackson: UP of Mississippi, 1991, pp. 151-73. Included in Simpson's The Fable ofthe Southern Writer. Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State UP, 1994, pp. 73-95. Making some comparisons with Twain, this focuses on unknowns in the novel, the narrative method, and

Novels: Absalom, Absalom! Quentin's grappling with the story of Sutpen as part of his agony of growing up in the South. 862.

Reesman, Jeanne Campbell. "Community Versus Design in Absalom, Absalom! " American Designs (#40; 199l), pp. 84-1 13. Focuses on the problem of knowledge and design in a book which "forbids closure" even "while exerting itself so strenuously" toward closure. At the end "reader and author . . . find themselves in a community of knowledge" communicating "through two terrific failures," Sutpen and Quentin.

863.

Pearce, Richard. "Absalom, Absalom!" The Politics of Narration (#38; 1991), pp. 111-25. Argues that despite the "carnival of contending voices," Quentin's story is privileged and he is "the central consciousness." The "dominant narrative community is white, male, and established."

864.

Sowder, William J. "Colonel Sutpen and the Original Choice." Existential-Phenomenological Readings on Faulkner (#4 1 ; 1991), pp. 73-87. A study (building on a 1962 article), influenced by Husserl and Sartre, of the decisions and choices Sutpen makes that lead him to occupy an "unreal" world.

865.

Simas, Rosa. "'Ripples,' 'Una rueda giratoria' and 'A Espiral e o Quadrado': Circularity in Three TwentiethCentury Novels of the Americas." Translation Perspectives 6 (1991): 87-98. Compares circularity as "the essential structural design and thematic concern" in this novel and novels by Osman Lins and Gabriel Garcia Mhrquez.

866.

Xiao, Minghan. "The Fundamental Unfinalizability of Absalom, Absalom!" New Orleans Review 18, iii (Fall 1991): 34-47. Argues that this "polyphonic" novel does not solve the conflicts in the book but embraces them and their "co-existing forces."

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867.

Wilson, Deborah. "'A Shape to Fill a Lack': Absalom, Absalom! and the Pattern of History." Faulkner Journal 7, i-ii (Fall 1991-Spring 1992): 6 1-81. Argues that a patriarchal narrative plan makes up for "the loss of the patriarchal Old South," silencing or usurping the female voices.

868.

Railey, Kevin. "Paternalism and Liberalism: Contending Ideologies in Absalom, Absalom!" Faulkner Journal 7, iii (Fall 1991-Spring 1992): 115-32. Revised as "Absalom, Absalom! and Natural Aristocracy." Natural Aristocracy (#121; 1999), pp. 109-26. Focuses on the tension between paternalistic values (General Compson) and liberal values (Sutpen). Faulkner's ideal of a "natural aristocracy" would be embodied in Bon but for the rigid racial perspective of the region.

869.

Machelland, Jackie. "Honor and Milly Jones in Absalom, Absalom! " Mount Olive Review 6 (Spring 1992): 52-55. On the treatment of women.

870.

Dailey, Charlotte C. "The Architecture of Absalom, Absalom!" Proceedings of the Philological Association of Louisiana, 1992, pp. 26-32.

871.

Dunne, Robert. "Absalom, Absalom! and the RippleEffect of the Past." University of Mississippi Studies in English 10 (1992): 56-66. Argues that the novel pushes the reader into a "dialectical relationship with the text," each reader forming a version of the story and thereby affirming the "ripple-effect of understanding the past."

872.

Poland, Tim. "Fauher's Absalom, Absalom! " Explicator 50, iv (Summer 1992): 239-41. On the visit of Quentin and his father to the cemetery.

873.

Dalziel, Pamela. "Absalom, Absalom! The Extensions of Dialogic Form." Mississippi Quarterly 45, iii (Summer 1992): 277-94.

Novels: Absalom, Absalom! Considers the chronology and the genealogy (and the map) as other voices in the novel's polyphonic structure. 874.

Ryan, Heberden W. "Behind Closed Doors: The Unknowable and the Unknowing in Absalom, Absalom!" Mississippi Quarterly 45, iii (Summer 1992): 295-3 12. On the importance of doors as part of the plot and as suggestive of doors of understanding often closed to those making sense of events.

875.

Geoffroy, Alain. "Through Rosa's Looking-Glass: Narcissism and Identification in Faulkner's Absalom, Absalom!" Mississippi Quarterly 45, iii (Summer 1992): 3 1321. Considers Rosa in terms of a "basic narcissism" and an obsession with revenge.

876.

Godden, Richard. "Absalom, Absalom! and Rosa Coldfield: Or, What Is in the Dark House." Faulkner Journal 8, ii (Spring 1993): 31-66. Included in Fictions of Labor (#95; 1997), pp. 80-1 14. A rethinking, influenced by Benjamin and Hegel, of Rosa's monologue as a drama in five acts. Emphasizes the centrality of a slave-holding economy in relation both to surface tensions in the story and to Rosa's fantasies. Argues that in effect talk about "miscegenation" replaces talk about "labor."

877.

Bauer, Margaret D. "The Sterile New South: An Intertextual Reading of Their Eyes Were Watching God and Absalom, Absalom!" CLA Journal 36, iv (June 1993): 384405. Revised for William Faulkner's Legacy (#168; 2005), pp. 94-1 11. Traces parallels and finds Eatonville "as sterile as Sutpen's design." Says both novels deal with the continuing problematic influence of Old South models on the New South.

878.

Riese, Utz. "Faulkner's Absalom, Absalom! and Kafka's The Castle: Ethical Space in Modernity's Discourse of

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187

History." In Faulkner, His Contemporaries, and His Posterity (#56; 1993), pp. 77-86. Drawing on Foucault, argues that both writers "try to establish an ethical space in their texts as against the [turbulent] process of historical 'modernization."' Both books end up with an "authority of failure that legitimizes the meta-ethical of the texts."

879.

Maszewska, Jadwiga. "Functions of the Narrative Method in William Faulkner's Absalom, Absalom! and Louise Erdrich's Tracks." In Faulkner, His Contemporaries, and His Posterity (#56; 1993), pp. 3 17-21. Says both novels chronicle "the destruction of regional cultures" and deal with the "search for individual and cultural identity."

880.

Ziegler, Heide. "Rereading Faulkner through Parody." In Faulkner, His Contemporaries, and His Posterity (#56; 1993), pp. 328-35. Connects John Hawkes's Adventures in the Alaskan Skin Trade in terms of intertextuality, parody, and concern with "life and legend, innocence and memory."

881.

Williamson, Joel. William Faulkner and Southern History (#55; 1993), pp. 238-46. Connects problems writing the novel to personal and financial difficulties.

882.

Dunleavy, Linda. "Marriage and the Invisibility of Women in Absalom, Absalom!" Women's Studies 22, iv (September 1993): 455-65. Given Sutpen's obsessive goal of a patrilineal line, this focuses on the invisibility and unreality of Rosa, so willing to give herself away if it means love, Ellen, and Judith.

883.

Betz, B. G. Till. "Absalom, Absalom! and The Sound and the Fury: Quentin's Failure to Create a Mythic Reconstruction." University of Mississippi Studies in English 11-12 (1993-1995): 438-54.

Novels: Absalom. Absalom!

Compares Quentin's two experiments in reconciling myth with fact and sees a combined and "complex portrait" of "a deepening psychosis." Shreve's ameliorating role may distract a reader from seeing Quentin's growing "emotional and intellectual paralysis." 884.

Smith, Beverly. "A Note on Shreve Mackenzie." University of Mississippi Studies in English 11- 12 (1 993- 1995): 465. Connects the name to "shrive."

885.

Takada, Shuhei. "Quentin's Function in Absalom, Absalom!" Kyushu Tokai Daigaku Sugokyoiku Kenkyu Center Kiyo 6 (March 1994): 141-57. Says Quentin reflects the emotional conflicts tied to the incestuous feelings between Henry and Bon.

886.

Hamblin, Robert W. "Faulkner's Map of Yoknapatawpha: The End of Absalom, Absalom!" Teaching Faulkner, No. 5 (Spring 1994): 4-5.

887.

Clarke, Deborah. "Fantastic Women and Notmothers: Absalom, Absalom!" Robbing the Mother (#58; 1994), pp. 125-54. Focusing on language and maternal power, addresses the spectral quality of women in the novel, or why men try to turn them into ghosts, and the challenge they make to "the patriarchal ordering of the world.''

888.

Gray, Richard. "History Is What Hurts: Absalom, Absalom!" The Life of William Faulkner (#59; 1994), pp. 20325. Reads the novel as not only about the making of history as a kind of fiction but also about the past having to be rewritten continually because its meaning always depends on perspective and relevance to a present.

889.

Roberts, Diane. "The Ghostly Body in Absalom, Absalom! " Faulkner and Southern Womanhood (#63; 1994), pp. 25-40; "'But Let Flesh Touch with Flesh': The Terror

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189

of the Self-same in Absalom, Absalom!" pp. 89-101; "'Long Embattled in Virginity': Sexuality and Story," pp. 157-69. The first argues that Faulkner through Judith shows the southern image of the Confederate Woman or plantation lady to be untenable. The second sees Clytie as a radical interrogation and subversion of the tragic mulatta figure. The third deals with Rosa as both a conventional "Confederate Old Maid" and a subversion of the type, in comparison with other Faulkner old ladies. 890.

Fant, Gene C., Jr. "The Coldfield-Sutpen Plans." Publications of the Mississippi Philological Association, 1994, pp. 26-29.

891.

Golden, Kenneth L. "Faulkner and the Furies." In Dionysus in Literature: Essays on Literary Madness. Ed. Branimir M. Rieger. Bowling Green, OH: Bowling Green State U Popular P, 1994, pp. 183-96. Considers "Sutpen's madness and his Orestian nature" in terms of Greek tragedy and clinical ideas of Jung and Rollo May, and argues that Sutpen is a "victim of masculine egomania."

892.

Holton, Robert. "Absalorn, Absalom! The 'nigger in the woodpile."' Modern Fiction and the Representation of History. New York: Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1994, pp. 128-60. Considers the novel's construction of a history while excluding key voices, making a history "unable to move beyond its orthodox boundaries."

893.

Batty, Nancy E. "The Riddle of Absalom, Looking at the Wrong Blackbird?' Mississippi 47, iii (Summer 1994): 461-89. Argues for reconsideration of the scene shooting Bon and suggests it may be Bon house in 1909.

Absalom! Quarterly

of Henry in the old

190

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894.

Godden, Richard. "Absalom, Absalom! and Faulkner's Erroneous Dating of the Haitian Revolution.'' Mississippi Quarterly 47, iii (Summer 1994): 489-95. Explores what may be Faulkner's deliberate use of an apparent anachronism, "slavery" in Haiti after 1791.

895.

Schwartz, Richard A. "Modernist American Classical Tragedy: Absalom, Absalom!" Journal of Evolutionary Psychology 15, iii-iv (August 1994): 2 12-2 1. On Faulkner's combination of modernist elements and "mythic overtones" with classical tragic elements.

896.

Ladd, Barbara. "'The Direction of the Howling': Nationalism and the Color Line in Absalom, Absalom!" American Literature 66, iii (September 1994): 525-5 1. Connects the novel's conflicts with earlier history including the transfer of Louisiana to U.S. rule, changing definitions of "creole," national myths of uniqueness, and concern around 1900 with racial purity. Studies differences between Quentin's version and Father's.

897.

Godden, Richard. "Absalom, Absalom! Haiti and Labor History: Reading Unreadable Revolutions." ELH 6 1, iii (Fall 1994): 685-720. Included in Fictions of Labor (#95; 1997), pp. 49-79. Emphasizes Sutpen's "labor trauma" as his whole design is based on bound labor and total dependency. Sees "collusive repression" as a central feature of the novel.

898.

Skinfill, Mauri. "Faulkner, Franklin, and the Sons of the Father." Faulkner Journal 10, i (Fall 1994): 29-56. Deals with the novel's portrayal of the tension within American democratic ideology between the myth of class mobility and the paternalistic social order that the self-made man tries to replicate by establishing his own dynasty.

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899.

Lee, Kyhan. "Narration as Tragic Experience in Faulkner's Absalom, Absalom!" Journal of English Language and Literature (Korea) 40, iv (Winter 1994): 743-54. Argues that "the telling of the story becomes just as poignant a tragic experience as the plot itself."

900.

Stephens, Robert 0."Janus at Shiloh: Looking Back to the Civil War." The Family Saga in the South: Generations and Destinies. Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State UP, 1995, pp. 40-73. Discusses this novel and Go Down, Moses in the context of other family sagas, including Stribling's.

901.

Saldivar, Ram6n. "Looking for a Master Plan: Faulkner, Paredes, and the Colonial and Postcolonial Subject." In The Cambridge Companion to William Faulkner (#73; 1995), pp. 96-120. Compares Americo Paredes's novel George Washington Gomez to clarify "some of the parameters of twentieth-century American identity construction" and the postcolonial subject.

902.

Porter, Carolyn. "Absalom,Absalom! (Un)Making the Father." In The Cambridge Companion to William Faulkner (#73; 1995), pp. 168-96. Drawing on Lacan's ideas about subject formation, sees this as the novel in which Faulkner explores fatherhood, analyzes patriarchy, and "lays bare patriarchy's social structure" and impact on the role of women.

903.

Miller, J. Hillis. "Ideology and Topography in Faulkner's Absalom, Absalom!" In Faulkner and Ideology (#72; 1995), pp. 253-77. Included in Topographies. Stanford, CA: Stanford UP, 1995, pp. 192-215. An earlier version appeared as "Performative Realism: Faulkner's Absalom, Absalom!" EurAmerica: A Journal of European and American Studies (China) 22, iii (September 1992): 1-21. Explores the novel's own ideological basis (related to class, race, and gender) and suggests that while "the novel may give knowledge about ideology that might help liberate us from it," it may also have "an irre-

Novels: Absalom, Absalom! sistible performative effect that goes against that knowledge." 904.

Rubin, Louis D., Jr. "William Faulkner: Why, the Very Idea." In Faulkner and Ideology (#72; 1995), pp. 329-52. Questions the value of ideological studies of Faulkner, using this book as an example, that do not value the integrity of a novel itself before exploiting pieces of it to make an argument.

905.

Bockting, Ineke. "Absalom,Absalom! A Novel of Attribution." Character and Personality in the Novels of William Faulkner (#67; 1995), pp. 199-265. A psycholinguistic study of the mind-styles of the several narrators, connecting each character's mindstyle and language with recovery and reshaping of a past where slavery is central.

906.

Valente, Luiz Fernando. "Marriage of Speaking and Hearing: Meditation and Response in Absalom, Absalom! and Grande SertLio Veredas." Faulkner Journal 11, i-ii (Fall 1995-Spring 1996): 149-64. Discusses the "role played by the reader . . . in the construction of meaning," with comparisons to the novel by Jogo Guimariies Rosa.

907.

Cullick, Jonathan S. "'I Had a Design': Sutpen as Narrator in Absalom, Absalom!" Southern Literary Journal 28, ii (Spring 1996): 48-58. Focuses on Sutpen's attempt to create and control his own biography.

908.

Le Coeur, Jo. "It Takes a Village to Weave This Tale." Publications of the Mississippi Philological Association, 1996, pp. 27-32. Connects the pattern of multiple speakers weaving the community's story of Sutpen with the author's personal experience of a similar weaving of a Civil War story, only in part truthhl.

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909.

Dimino, Andrea. "Miss Rosa as 'Love's Androgynous Advocate': Gender and Narrative Indeterminacy in Chapter 5 of Absalom, Absalom!" In Faulkner and Gender (#82; 1996), pp. 181-96. Argues that in this chapter Rosa becomes "an indeterminate narrative voice," helping to make possible the Quentin and Shreve narrations, and revealing "the degree to which gender is blurred and problematized in the novel."

910.

Hamblin, Robert W. "'Longer than Anything': Faulkner's 'Grand Design' in Absalom, Absalom!" In Faulkner and the Artist (#8 1; 1996), pp. 269-93. Focuses not on Sutpen's but Faulkner's design and on the narrative strategy, which "turns upon the mythologizing tendency of the human imagination." Says Faulkner's view of history is bleak, his view of art celebratory here.

911.

Bockting, Ineke. "Deconstructing the 'Necessary' World: Southern Defensive Narrative and the Childhood Autobiography." In "Writing" Nation and "Writing" Region in America. Ed. Theo D'haen and Hans Bertens. Amsterdam: VUUP, 1996, pp. 145-55. Compares the novel with autobiographies by Lillian Smith and Anne Moody, all critiques "of the South as part of a natural process of growing up."

912.

Ladd, Barbara. "William Faulkner and the Discourse of Race and Nation." Nationalism and the Color Line in George W. Cable, Mark Twain, and William Faulkner (#85; 1996), pp. 139-76. An expansion of her 1994 article, this studies Absalom, Light in August, and "Red Leaves" against a backdrop of early twentieth-century southern social and psychological realities, in particular an increasing racist, nationalistic, imperialist ideology.

913.

Weinstein, Philip M. "Miscegenation and Might HaveBeen: Absalom, Absalom! and Jazz." What Else But Love? (#91; 1996), pp. 145-55.

Novels: Absalom, Absalom! Argues that while both are remarkable rhetorical performances, Faulkner's is in part an elegy for a "culture that has been lost" but for Morrison loss is "an unbearable phenomenon that yet occurs every day." 914.

Dimino, Andrea. "Fathers and Strangers: From Patriarchy to Counterfamily in Faulkner's Absalom, Absalom!" In Critical Essays on William Faulkner: The Sutpen Family (#83; 1996), pp. 143-50. Traces a pattern that runs counter to the patriarchal model, one involving Eulalia, Clytie, and Rosa and that has elements of "opposition, subversion, and . . . a liberating multiplicity."

915.

Stroble, Woodrow. "A Brief for Thomas Sutpen." In Critical Essays on William Faulkner: The Sutpen Family (#83; 1996), pp. 162-68. Argues that Sutpen is complex and has integrity and a sense of justice but leads his life "in mistaken faith" in an order of things.

916.

Liu, Jun. "The Judith-Henry-Charles Triangle: The Innermost Kernel of Faulkner's Civil War in the Heart." In Critical Essays on William Faulkner: The Sutpen Family (#83; 1996), pp. 180-92. Sees this triangle as the real center of the novel. Emphasizes Bon's letter to Judith.

917.

Crabtree, Claire. "Silence, Indirection, and Judith Sutpen." In Critical Essays on William Faulkner: The Sutpen Family (#83; 1996), pp. 193-99. Argues that Judith plays a key role in the conflicts of the novel, but despite "her strength of character, her role is to serve, to be silent, to wait."

918.

Cunningham, J. Christopher. "Sutpen's Designs: Masculine Reproduction and the Unmaking of the Self-Made Man in Absalom, Absalom!" Mississippi Quarterly 49, iii (Summer 1996): 563-89. Explores how the story of Sutpen as self-made man becomes a pattern of reproduction and connects that

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pattern to a study of the logic behind each of the narratives as well as the gender-related dimensions of the narratives. 919.

Stanchich, Maritza. "The Hidden Caribbean 'Other' in William Faulkner's Absalom, Absalom! An Ideological Ancestry of U.S. Imperialism." Mississippi Quarterly 49, iii (Summer 1996): 603-17. On the role of Haiti and connections between the curse of slavery and imperialism.

920.

Brown, Joseph. "To Cheer the Weary Traveler: Toni Morrison, William Faulkner, and History." Mississippi Quarterly 49, iv (Fall 1996): 709-26. Sees Song of Solomon as a kind of revision of Faukner's novel, giving voice to black characters and leading not to resignation and tragic defeat but to a comic ending and the "achievement" of "wholeness."

921.

Saunders, Rebecca. "On Lamentation and the Redistribution of Possessions: Faulkner's Absalom, Absalom! and the New South." Modern Fiction Studies 42, iv (Winter 1996): 730-62. Argues that the novel uses the rhetoric and form of the genre of lamentation. Connects it to "New South spokesmen" like Henry Grady and locates the narrators' responses to situations "characterized by the transfer of property" and identity.

922.

Donlon, Jocelyn Hazelwood. "Porches: Stories: Power: Spatial and Racial Intersections in Faulkner and Hurston." Journal of American Culture 19, iv (Winter 1996): 95110. Emphasizes this novel in comparing the two authors' use of porches as community locations related to storytelling and social standing.

923.

Hicks, Gina L. "Reterritorializing Desire: The Failure of Ceremony in Absalom, Absalom!" Faulkner Journal 12, ii (Spring 1997): 23-39. Drawing on queer theory, postcolonial theory, and Judith Butler's ideas on performativity, explores the

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role of ceremony and desire in the novel, focusing on, for example, the wedding and wrestling scenes. 924.

Gray, Richard. "Needing to Talk: Language and Being in Losing Battles." Southern Literary Journal 29, ii (Spring 1997): 72-86. Another version is in The Late Novels of Eudora Welty. Ed. Jan Nordby Gretlund and Karl-Heinz Westarp. Columbia, SC: U of South Carolina P, 1998, pp. 67-83. Draws comparisons between this novel and Welty's.

925.

Cohn, Deborah. "The Case of the Fabricated Facts: Historical Reconstruction in Faulkner's Absalom, Absalom! and Vargas Llosa's Historia de Mayta." The Comparatist 2 1 (May 1997): 25-48. Revised for History and Memory in the Two Souths: Recent Southern and Spanish American Fiction. Nashville, TN: Vanderbilt UP, 1999, pp. 4593. Explores how both novels "problematize historical discourse" and how they use such questioning "to explore regional issues." Argues that both deal with relationships "between "historical and fictional discourse" and the "sense-making process inherent in both types of narrative." Sees differences in narrative method and role of "misleading."

926.

Hannon, Charles. "Teaching the Conflicts as Temporary Instructor." College Literature 24, ii (June 1997): 126-4 1. Uses the novel to teach about conditions and economics of labor and worker grievances.

927.

Parker, Jo Alyson. "Strange Attractors in Absalom, Absalom!" In Reading Matters: Narratives in the New Media Ecology. Ed. Joseph Tabb and Michael Wutz. Ithaca, NY: Cornell UP, 1997, pp. 99-1 18. Drawing on chaos theory, dynamic systems modeling, and its notion of "strange attractions," this shows Faulkner's grasp of the dynamics of narrative, his "dissatisfaction with the over-determination of linear narrative," but also his ability to develop readerly "engagement in the process."

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928.

Carothers, James B. "Short Story Backgrounds of Absalom, Absalom!" In William Faulkner's Short Fiction (#103; 1997), pp. 129-38. Discusses the role of many short stories, including the "Don and I" tales, in the genesis of the novel.

929.

Branny, Graiyna. "The Pattern of Emotional and Moral Commitment in Absalom, Absalom! " Conjlict of Values (#93; 1997), pp. 85-130. Argues that despite "the despair and alienation" central to the novel, to Sutpen and Quentin, there is a substantial pattern of "emotional and moral commitment . . . of some of its characters to one another" that tempers the overall impact of the book.

930.

Fowler, Doreen. "Reading for the Repressed: Absalom, Absalom!" Faulkner (#94; 1997), pp. 95-127. A Lacanian study that sees the Quentin-Shreve narrative as regressing to the mirror phase of development that allows their fusing into one unified voice. Sees the novel as driven by a desire-seen in all the narrations-"of the other." Includes a section on Bon as the return of the repressed.

931.

Godden, Richard. "The Persistence of Thomas Sutpen: Absalom, Absalom! Time, and Labor Discipline." Fictions of Labor (#95; 1997), pp. 1 15-78. Asks why Faulkner in the mid-1930s was obsessed with the issues in this novel and attributes his interest to changes in "dependency labor" in the South then. A "dependency culture" and its labor base were exposed as economically archaic.

932.

HBnnighausen, Lothar. "Metaphor and Narrative in Absalom, Absalom!" Faulkner: Masks and Metaphors (#96; 1997), pp. 157-81. Focuses on the rich metaphoricity of the novel as it combines with narrative complexity, making demands on the reader to adopt a range of metaphorizing attitudes.

198

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933.

Singal, Daniel J. "The Dark House of Southern History." William Faulkner (# 102; 1997), pp. 189-22 1. Discusses the novel as Faulkner's most complete unpacking of the factitious southern Cavalier identity, perpetuated "by children of the backcountry" aware "of their inferiority and cultural coarseness."

934.

Vanderwerken, David L. "The Foreshortened Childhood of Thomas Sutpen." Faulkner 's Literary Children (# 104; 1997), pp. 65-84. On the development of young Sutpen, a confusing and disrupting process, after which he becomes "precisely the kind of one-dimensional man that Erikson describes," a slave to a design.

935.

Byerman, Keith E. "Untold Stories: Black Daughters in Absalom, Absalom! and The Bluest Eye." In Unflinching Gaze (#98; 1997), pp. 128-38. Argues that through Pecola Morrison tells "the story of the black daughter that Faulkner could not (or would not) tell" through Clytie, who "exists in the text as a cipher" without voice or identity.

936.

Rubinstein, Roberta. "History and Story, Sign and Design: Faulknerian and Postmodern Voices in Jazz." In Unflinching Gaze (#98; 1997), pp. 152-64. Considers Morrison's playfully unique blending of "modernist and postmodernist narrative strategies" against Faulkner's complex modernist text. Morrison emphasizes more "the provisional, improvisational" nature of narrative.

937.

Hogan, Michael. "Built on the Ashes: The Fall of the House of Sutpen and the Rise of the House of Sethe." In Unflinching Gaze (#98; 1997), pp. 167-80. Contrasts the roles played by two houses, physically and symbolically, that are central to their novels.

938.

Kodat, Catherine Gunther. "A Postmodern Absalom, Absalom! a Modem Beloved: The Dialectic of Form." In Unflinching Gaze (#98; 1997), pp. 181-98.

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Argues that "through reading them together . . . we gain a historical perspective on the importance of African-American form in the emergence of American literary modernism." Says that by her riffs on Faulkner's novel Morrison rethinks "the ways in which modernism simultaneously inscribes and unmasks its complicity in social injustice." 939.

Novak, Phillip. "Signifying Silences: Morrison's Soundings in the Faulknerian Void." In Unflinching Gaze (#98; 1997), pp. 199-216. Argues that Beloved "plays with and plays off of, . . . recites and (as it were) re-sites" Absalom. In the process it validates "a countertradition that Faulkner 's work pointedly ignores.''

940.

Benson, Sean. "The Abrahamic Mythopoesis of Sutpen's Design: 'Notrespectability' in Search of a Dynasty." Mississippi Quarterly 50, iii (Summer 1997): 450-64. Traces an ironic parallel: Sutpen, who both ignores and seeks respectability, "becomes a perverse image of the patriarch Abraham."

941.

Irmscher, Christoph. "Facing Absalom, Absalom! " Amerikastudien 42, iv (1997): 60 1-1 1. Sees this as "a novel obsessed with people's faces," as Faulkner is like "a photographer who exposes his readers to quickly changing images," each one not quite "it."

942.

Reichardt, Ulfried. "Perceiving and Representing Slavery and 'Race' through Time: William Faulkner's Absalom, Absalom! " Amerikastudien 42, iv (1 997): 6 13-24. Drawing on traditions in hermeneutics and rhetorical criticism, explores the "discursive structures" through which the novel both "criticizes and affirms" slavery and racial distinctions. Argues that time is a key element through which "representations between Self and Other are constructed."

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943.

V6gs6, Roland. "'Let Me Play a While Now': The Hermeneutics of Heritage and William Faulkner's Absalom, Absalom! " Amerikastudien 42, iv (1997): 625-36. Drawing on Derrida, sees this as a novel about "reading," the reading of a heritage that is a story, a symbol, a cause, and a game, in which reader and text create "themselves and each other."

944.

Ziegler, Heide. "The Fragile Pandora's Box of Scratched Paper: A Different Reading of Absalom, Absalom!" Amerikastudien 42, iv (1997): 637-48. Drawing on Heidegger, discusses the novel in terms of "the creation of equipment" not of a self-sufficient artifact, celebrating "creativity as a process" even as it undermines its own design.

945.

Entuninger, Betina. "'Listen to Them Being Ghosts': Rosa's Words of Madness that Quentin Can't Hear." College Literature 25, ii (Spring 1998): 108-20. Sees similarities between Quentin and Rosa, both sacrificed to a patriarchal order; says one narrative should not be privileged over the other.

946.

Cheung, Esther M. K. "Faulkner and Modernism: History and Subjectivity in Absalom, Absalom!" In Faulkner: Achievement and Endurance (#112; 1998), pp. 3- 16. Drawing on Althusser, explores the mixture in Faulkner of modernism and a naturalism reflecting his southernness.

947.

Joyner, Charles. "Sutpen's Honor: William Faulkner and the Historians." In Faulkner: Achievement and Endurance (#112; 1998), pp. 105-16. Argues that recent histories of the South focusing on such themes as honor and guilt can cast fresh light on this novel and others.

948.

Jianhua, Liu. "Revenge and Dialogue in Absalom, Absalom!" In Faulkner: Achievement and Endurance (# 112; 1998), pp. 137-48.

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Argues that the novel, criticizing hierarchies and a "revenge" mentality, calls for "fruitful dialogue" and cooperation. 949.

Minghan, Xiao. "Dialogism and Plurality in Absalom, Absalom! " In Faulkner: Achievement and Endurance (# 1 12; 1998), pp. 283-304. A Bakhtinian reading that emphasizes "conflicts among the narrators" and their continual "conjecture and fabrication" in this metafiction on "the fictionalizing process of novel writing."

950.

Dowling, Gregory. "Casting a Shadow: Glauco Cambon's Translation of Absalom, Absalom!" In Le traduzioni italiane di William Faulkner (# 109; 1998), pp. 117-40. Examines Cambon's 1989 translation, "one of the best translations of Faulkner that have been published."

951.

Rubeo, Ugo. "How Not to Tell the War: William Faukner's Absalom, Absalom!" In Red Badges of Courage: Wars and Conflicts in American Culture. Ed. Biancamarie Pisapia, Ugo Rubeo, and Anna Scacchi. Rome: Bulzoni, 1998, pp. 117-23. On the opaque narrative method, where the center of concern-the War-is barely mentioned, and on connections between "woman" and "War," both connected to a past that for Faulkner is "a source of pain and disillusion."

952.

Bockting, Ineke. "The Red Badge of Courage: A Southern Perspective." In Red Badges of Courage: Wars and Conflicts in American Culture. Ed. Biancamarie Pisapia, Ugo Rubeo, and Anna Scacchi. Rome: Bulzoni, 1998, pp. 49199. Compares two war novels that deal with a "great desire to belong," given a "special Southern meaning" in Faulkner's book.

953.

Greenham, David. "Avant-Garde Transgression in Absalom, Absalom!" Renaissance and Modern Studies 41 (1998): 93-105.

Novels: Absalom, Absalom! Drawing on Kristeva and Bakhtin, explores the "dialectic between structure and transgression" in this text, "the relationship between the narrators in the dialogic nexus" of the novel's chronotope and its relation to the semiotic" and the text. 954.

Koc, Barbara. "Joseph Conrad's Inspirations in Faulkner." American Studies (Poland) 16 (1998): 49-56. On similarities between this novel and Almayer's Folly.

955.

Martin, Robert K. "Haunted Jim Crow: Gothic Fictions by Hawthorne and Faulkner." In American Gothic: New Inventions in a National Narrative. Ed. Robert K. Martin and Eric Savoy. Iowa City, IA: U of Iowa P, 1998, pp. 129-42. Sees the novel as a kind of rewriting of The House of the Seven Gables, both books dealing with the secrets of a fallen family and a fatal curse but with Faulkner's lacking much sense of redemption.

956.

Latham, Sean. "Jim Bond's America: Denaturalizing the Logic of Slavery in Absalom, Absalom!" Mississippi Quarterly 5 1 , iii (Summer 1998): 453-64. Argues that in this novel "the ideology of American slavery is contested" and questioned by a very different "imperialist model of racial difference" that Faulkner develops through the Haitian episodes. Sutpen's model is at variance with the institutions of Mississippi but replicates the story of colonialism.

957.

Bentley-Baker, Dan. "Investigation into the Holographic Memory Model in Relation to Multiple Narration in Faulkner's Absalom, Absalom!" Journal of Evolutionary Psychology 19, iii-iv (August 1998): 236-43. Drawing on recent work with a "holographic memory model," discusses the key to the narrative method of the novel not as history but as memory, and the "assorted and collective accounts of its narrators to be the processes of memory."

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958.

Bollinger, Laurel. "'That Triumverate: Mother-Woman'; Narrative Authority and Interdividuality in Absalom, Absalom! " LIT: Literature Interpretation Theory 9, iii (December 1998): 197-223. Sees the three women (Rosa, Judith, Clytie) living together at Sutpen's Hundred as suggesting a new kind of narrative authority, disrupting the dominant strategies and controls and presenting "an image of fusion that overcomes violence" but that does "not erase alterity."

959.

Railey, Kevin. "Absalom, Absalom! and the Southern Ideology of Race." Faulkner Journal 14, ii (Spring 1999): 4 1-55. Included in Natural Aristocracy (#I2 1; 1999), pp. 127-41. Studies "the ways the novel explores and interrogates both black racial identity and the construction of white racial identity." Agrees with materialist historians of race that see race "created through a converted ruling class policy," but sees this as "Faulkner's most intense criticism of the Southern ideology of race."

960.

Guilds, John Caldwell. "Pragmatic Humanism in The Ambassadors and Absalom, Absalom! A Philosophical Link between James and Faulkner." In Value and Vision in American Literature: Literary Essays in Honor of Ray Lewis White. Ed. Joseph Candido. Athens, OH: Ohio UP, 1999, pp. 151-67. Argues that both writers subscribe to William James's "pragmatic humanism" that eschews absolutes and grand designs and believes that "the achievement of fairness and equity in human affairs sometimes requires the rejection of principle."

961.

Gomes, Heloisa Toller. "The Presence of Cassandra: Women in Faulkner's Absalom, Absalom! and in Jose Lins do Rego's Fogo Morto." In Brazilian Feminisms. Ed. Solange Ribeiro de Oliveira and Judith Still. Nottingham: University of Nottingharn, 1999, pp. 57-67. Says both have strong women but in a patriarchal culture and presented from a male point of view.

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962.

Westling, Louise. "Thomas Sutpen's Marriage to the Dark Body of the Land." In Faulkner and the Natural World (# 118; 1999), pp. 126-42. Considers the novel's "obsession with dark bodies that stand for the wild energies and dark volcanic body of the South." Draws connections to Gilgarnesh and to the focus on Shreve's cherubic pink flesh.

963.

Chand, Neerja Jayal. "Rosa and the Sutpen Reality: A Reading of Absalom, Absalom!" In William Faulkner: A Centennial Tribute (#119; 1999), pp. 134-43. Rethinks Rosa's role in relation to the "child-woman" imagery describing her and the significance of her, in a sense, not achieving womanhood.

964.

Amin, Amina. "Thomas Sutpen: Ahab of the South." In William Faulkner: A Centennial Tribute (#119; 1999), pp. 144-52. Compares Sutpen with Melville's Ahab, two characters who observe no limits.

965.

Davidson, Michael. "Strange Blood: Homophobia and the Unexplored Boundaries of Queer Nation." In Beyond the Binary: Reconstructing Cultural Identity in a Multicultural Context. Ed. Timothy B. Powell. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers UP, 1999, pp. 39-60. In an essay on AIDS and culture, argues that this novel includes such themes as "blood culture, eugenics, homophobia" as well as "patriarchal succession, racial purity, and sexual contamination.''

966.

Collington, Philip. "Shame in Japan and the American South: Faulkner's Absalom, Absalom!" In Scenes of Shame: Psychoanalysis, Shame, and Writing. Ed. Joseph Adamson and Hillary Clark. Albany, NY: State U of New York P, 1999, pp. 167-87. Drawing on ideas of Heinz Kohut, this explores the role of "shame-prone individuals" in the novel, while rethinking Ruth Benedict's "facile distinctions between Eastern shame and Western guilt." Discusses

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Faulkner's 1955 comments in Japan on the South and on Japan. 967.

Handley, George B. "Oedipal and Prodigal Returns in Alejo Carpentier and William Faulkner." Mississippi Quarterly 52, iii (Summer 1999): 421-58. Connects Faulkner's novel and Explosion in the Cathedral as novels that expose the limitations of "the autonomy of postslavery nationalisms." Faulkner explores the tension "between an individualistic liberalism and paternalism" but remains "trapped within the insularity he critiques."

968.

Blythe, David Everett. "Ophelia's Echo in Absalom, Absalom!" Mississippi Quarterly 52, iii (Summer 1999): 509-10. On use of a line from Hamlet, in a description of Henry, that years before appeared in relation to Cornell Franklin in the Ole Miss yearbook.

969.

Edenfield, Olivia Can. "'Endure and Then Endure': Rosa Coldfield's Search for a Role in William Faulkner's Absalorn, Absalom!" Southern Literary Journal 32, i (Fall 1999): 57-68. Argues that Rosa from childhood is an isolated, neglected figure who "spends her life trying to fill the roles that she is denied" and to define herself meaningfully.

970.

Loebel, Thomas. "Love of Masculinity." Faulkner Journal 15, i-ii (Fall 1999-Spring 2000): 83-106. Influenced by ideas of Kristeva, this explores the novel's concern with "the kinds of repressions that enable the process of masculinity" and with "theorizing a morphology of masculinity." Focuses on scenes such as the barn-wrestling and Coldfield's entering the attic.

971.

Wittenberg, Judith Bryant. "Absalom, Absalom! and the Challenges of Career Design." In Faulkner at 100 (#126; 2000), pp. 100-108.

Novels: Absalom, Absalom! Part of a panel, "The Career of William Faulkner," this connects the novel's concern with "design" to the author's sense of his "own career design." 972.

Porter, Carolyn. "Faulkner's Grim Sires." In Faulkner at 100 (#126; 2000), pp. 120-31. Explores the "problematic of gender" by focusing on conflicted notions of patriarchy in several novels, particularly "how the issue of recognition figures centrally in Faulkner's evisceration of both traditional patriarchy and modem fraternity."

973.

Fowler, Doreen. "Reading the Absences: Race and Narration in Faulkner's Absalom, Absalom!" In Faulkner at 100 (# 126; 2000), pp. 132-39. Part of a panel, "Faulkner and America," this traces in the novel "a pattern of racial repression" in which the author exposes "racial censorship" even as the novel embodies it.

974.

Minter, David. "The Strange, Double-Edged Gift of Faulkner's Fiction." In Faulkner at 100 (#126; 2000), pp. 140-53. Revised for Faulkner's Questioning Narratives (#135; 2001), pp. 113-28. Part of a panel, "Faulkner and America," this focuses on two scenes that "represent Faulkner's angry, conflicted iconoclastic imagination at its most daring" and profoundly question "treasured assumptions about both the United States and the American South." On this novel and Sanctuary.

975.

Honnighausen, Lothar. "A Masterpiece of Mannerism: On the Style of Faulkner's Absalom, Absalom!" In William Faulkner in Venice (# 127; 2000), pp. 37-53. Argues that a new dimension of the novel opens up when seeing it in relation to mannerist painting, or the poetry of Donne, where images fuse the intellectual and the sensuous, and where diverse and discordant styles and voices are juxtaposed.

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976.

Manella, Concha. "A Brotherhood of Voices: William Faulkner's Absalom, Absalom!" In William Faulkner in Venice (#127; 2000), pp. 197-206. On the polyphonic voices and narrative levels, on how Quentin's and the authorial narrator's voices are granted "authorial power," and on related problems with the Spanish translation.

977.

Linnemann, Amy E. C. "The Decomposing Archetypes of Thomas Sutpen and Mr. Kurtz in the Motley Flag of Modernism." Teaching Faulkner, No. 18 (Spring 2001): 4-7.

978.

Duvall, John N. "Entering the Dark House: Teaching Absalom, Absalom! through Citizen Kane." In Teaching Faulkner (#134; 2001), pp. 105-16. On benefits of teaching the two works together, similar in their modem metafictional concerns and in their psychic determinism.

979.

Simpson-Vos, Mark. "Hope from the Ashes: Naylor, Faulkner, and the Signifying Tradition." In Gloria Naylor: Strategy and Technique, Magic and Myth. Ed. Shirley A. Stave. Newark, DE: U of Delaware P, 200 1, pp. 17-43. Reads Linden Hills against a backdrop of Faulkner's novel.

980.

Polk, Noel. "'The Force that through the Green Fuse Drives': Faulkner and the Greening of American History." In Faulkner in America (#139; 2001), pp. 45-63. Discusses Sutpen's and Ike McCaslin's "confrontations with their own histories, which are reverse mirror images of each other, and their attempts to create ruptures in their histories."

981.

Minter, David. "'Monk' as a Guide to One Aspect of the Enduring Force of Absalom, Absalom! " Faulkner 's Questioning Narratives (#135; 200 l), pp. 96- 102. Sees the short story as using the same pattern of reluctant listeners becoming active interpreters, of a dual fiction about an event and about making sense of it.

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208

982.

Rio-Jelliffe, R. "Absalom, Absalom! Story as SelfDeception." Obscurity's Myriad Components (# 136; 2001), pp. 74-85. Discusses the novel's self-conscious self-reflexive dimension and its device of using the imagination and its "lies" to get beyond fact to "truth."

983.

Tbyama, Kiyoko M. "Absalom, Absalom! A Symphony of Echoing Voices." Faulkner and the Modern Fable (#138; 2001), pp. 109-21. Focuses, chapter by chapter, on the "orchestration of narratives" that defines the novel. The lack of a final resolution or ultimately valid single version is not a problem in this "grand symphony of narratives."

984.

Vernon, Alex. "Narrative Miscegenation: Absalom, Absalom! as Naturalist Novel, AutoIBiography, and AfricanAmerican Oral Story." Journal of Narrative Theory 3 1, ii (Summer 2001): 155-79. Develops a connection between Faulkner's mix of genres-naturalist novel, oral tale, biography, autobiography-and the thematics of racial mixing and evolutionary theory.

985.

Lynch, Michael Stuart. "The Narrated Truth about Sutpen, Absalom, Absalom!" Colloquy: Text, Theory, Critique 5 (September 2001): no pagination.

986.

Lurie, Peter. "'Some Trashy Myth of Reality's Escape': Romance, History, and Film Viewing in Absalom, Absalom!" American Literature 73, iii (September 2001): 56397. Revised for Vision's Immanence (#154; 2004), pp. 103-28. Argues that Faulkner used "his novel to critique the reified, commodified relationship to history that he saw" Hollywood films encouraging. Focuses on the romanticized versions of Sutpen's story and on the sentimental way popular culture portrayed southern history.

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987.

Hagood, Taylor. "Faulkner's 'Fabulous Immeasurable Camelots': Absalom, Absalom! and Le Morte Darthur." Southern Literary Journal 34, ii (Spring 2002): 45-63. With reference also to the early Mayday, this discusses the Arthurian origins of the novel, "the Arthurian nature of Sutpen's design," and "Malory's mythic Camelot as a model" for a ''mythic Old South."

988.

Jones, Jill C. "The Eye of a Needle: Morrison's Paradise, Faulkner's Absalom, Absalom! and the American Jeremiad." Faulkner Journal 17, ii (Spring 2002): 3-23. Studies both novels as "American jeremiads" dealing with exclusion, incest, and race. Says that while Faulkner's "seems to record the tragic end of a world," Morrison's implies the possibility of hope as well as damnation.

989.

Medoro, Dana. "'All the Unsistered Eves since the Snake': Absalom, Absalom! and the Promise of Prehistory." The Bleeding ofAmerica (#144; 2002), pp. 103-24. Emphasizes connections between the Darwinian rhetoric and thematics throughout the novel and a language of blood and menstruation also permeating the text and finally having "regenerative connotations" in opposition to Sutpen's story.

990.

Oakley, Helen. "Disrupting the Boundaries: Faulkner's Absalom, Absalom! and Juan Rulfo's Pedro Piiramo." The Recontextualization of William Faulkner in Latin American Fiction and Culture (#145; 2002)' pp. 155-93. An intertextual study of the two novels in the context of Mexican American relationships, with an emphasis on houses, patriarchy, and the labyrinth metaphor.

991.

Hite. Molly. "Modernist Design, Postmodernist Paranoia: Reading Absalom, Absalom! with Gravity's Rainbow." In Faulkner and Postmodernism (#142; 2002), pp. 57-80. A comparative reading of Faulkner's modernist, though at the boundary of modernism, novel and Pynchon's postmodernist novel, this also compares modernist and postmodernist reading paradigms.

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992.

Fowler, Doreen. "Revising The Sound and the Fury: Absalom, Absalom! and Faulkner's Postmodern Turn." In Faulkner and Postmodernism (#142; 2002), pp. 95-108. A Lacanian study, this says the later novel is "a notable development in Faulkner's postmodernist technique." It "interrogates the South's master narrative-the patriarchal order-in a way" that the earlier novel does not.

993.

Kreiswirth, Martin. "Intertextuality, Transference, and Postmodernism in Absalom, Absalom! The Production and Reception of Faulkner's Fictional World." In Faulkner and Postmodernism (#142; 2002), pp. 109-23. Grapples with the tension in the novel between its destabilizing the idea of historical certainty, in a postmodernist way, while representing a modernist uneasiness about accepting such a perspective. Finds a resolution partly through the psychoanalytic notion of transference.

994.

Campbell, Erin E. "'The nigger that's going to sleep with your sister': Charles Bon as Cultural Shibboleth in Absalom, Absalom!" In Songs of the Reconstructing South: Building Literary Louisiana, 1865-1945. Ed. Suzanne Disheroon-Green and Lisa Abney. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2002, pp. 159-68. Studies Bon as very much "New Orleans, even a kind of courtesan himself," but also an amalgamation of complex traits that capture the tensions of the novel.

995.

FitzPatrick, Martin. "Indeterminate Ursula and 'Seeing How I Must Have Looked,' or 'The Damned Lemming' and Subjunctive Narrative in Pynchon, Faulkner, O'Brien, and Morrison." Narrative 10, iii (October 2002): 244-6 1. Uses the novel as an example of subjunctive or "uncertain narrative, marked by an inherent unknowability."

996.

Polk, Noel. "Faulkner and Crime Fiction." Philological Review 29, i (Spring 2003): 1-26.

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21 1

Argues that the novel provides no clear evidence that Henry murdered Bon or that Bon has Negro blood. 997.

Railton, Ben. "'What Else Could a Southern Gentleman Do?' Quentin Compson, Rhett Butler, and Miscegenation." Southern Literary Journal 35, ii (Spring 2003): 4163. A contrast between the perspectives found in the two 1936 novels on race, miscegenation, and the Civil War, with an emphasis on Faukner's revisionist approach to those issues and Mitchell's perpetuation of popular myths.

998.

Kutzinski, Vera M. "Borders, Bodies, and Regions: The United States and the Caribbean." In A Companion to the Regional Literatures of America. Ed. Charles L. Crow. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2003, pp. 171-91. Studies the novel through the readings of Edouard Glissant and Wilson Harris and thereby tries to make it a novel of the Americas, not just the South.

999.

Dussere, Erik. "Grave Marks: The Return of the Unaccounted." Balancing the Boob (#149; 2003), pp. 37-62. Explores, with comparisons to Beloved, the role of tombstones, ledgers, "remainders," all tied to the ways in which the "narrative economy of each book is determined by its relation to the history of slavery."

1000.

Michaels, Walter Benn. b'Absalom,Absalom! The Difference between White Men and White Men." In Faulkner in the Twenty-First Century (#150; 2003), pp. 137-53. Comparing Faulkner's novel with books by Stark Young, Margaret Mitchell, George Schuyler, and others, this studies ways in which Faulkner retrofits concerns about race and mixed blood from the Jim Crow period back to an antebellum setting.

1001.

Makowsky, Veronica. "Noxious Nostalgia: Fitzgerald, Faulkner and the Legacy of Plantation Fiction." In F. Scott Fitzgerald in the Twenty-First Century. Ed. Jackson

Novels: Absalom, Absalom! R. Bryer et al. Tuscaloosa, AL: U of Alabama P, 2003, pp. 190-201. On Faulkner and Fitzgerald revising and critiquing the nostalgic image of plantation life in Page's fiction. 1002.

Hobson, Fred, ed. William Faulkner's Absalom, Absalom! A Casebook (# 151 ;2003).

1003.

Watson, James G. "'The Sloped Whimsical Hand out of Mississippi Attenuated': Absalom, Absalom! in Manuscript." In Make It New: The Rise of Modernism. Ed. Kurt Heinzelman. Austin, TX: Harry Ransom Research Center, University of Texas, 2003, pp. 140-43. On the manuscript itself as a carefully crafted, seemingly an even "exotic artifact made exclusively for the artist's own pleasure."

1004.

Terasawa, Mizuko. "The Myth of Paradise Lost and the Decline and Fall of the Old South 11: An Analysis of Absalorn, Absalom!" The Rape of the Nation and the Hymen Fantasy (#152; 2003), pp. 149-200. Argues that the novel is really about the loss of paradise associated with the Old South, that its value system equates evil, "Blacks," and "women," and that the destruction of paradise is due to "the spread of black blood brought on by women."

1005.

Vernon, Alex. "The Origin of Story and the Survival of Character in Faulkner's Absalom, Absalom!" In Evolution and Eugenics in American Literature and Culture, 18801940: Essays on Ideological Conflict and Complexity. Ed. Lois A. Cuddy and Claire M. Roche. Lewisburg, PA: Bucknell UP, 2003, pp. 116-30. On the novel's connection to "post-Darwin Victorian culture," its push "beyond the conventions of naturalism by invoking a more thoroughly Darwinian evolutionary aesthetic," and its use of "oral storytelling" as "a redemptive form of memory, adaptation, and survival."

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1006.

Benson, Melanie R. "'Disturbing the Calculation': The Narcissistic Arithmetic of Three Southern Writers." Mississippi Quarterly 56, iv (Fall 2003): 633-45. Considers the novel from a postcolonial perspective, emphasizing the "narcissism" and "damaging rules of social arithmetic" on which white dominance in the South has depended. Compares novels by James Weldon Johnson and Frances Newman.

1007.

See, Sarita. "Southern Postcoloniality and the Improbability of Filipino-American Postcoloniality: Faulkner's Absalom, Absalom! and Hagedorn's Dogeaters." Mississippi Quarterly 57, i (Winter 2003-2004): 41-54. Compares the novels as a way into the issue of Filipino-American postcolonialism.

1008.

Boyagoda, Randy. "Just Where and What Is 'the (Comparatively Speaking) South'? Caribbean Writers on Melville and Faulkner." Mississippi Quarterly 57, i (Winter 2003-2004): 65-73. Considers comments of Edouard Glissant and Wilson Harris on Faulkner as a way into discussing the meaning of a "literature of the Americas."

1009.

Jones, Norman W. "Coming Out through History's Hidden Love Letters in Absalom, Absalom! " American Literature 76, ii (June 2004): 339-66. Connects the novel's concern with homoeroticism to its larger concern with "exposing the secrets that official histories most want to conceal" and to the racial and gendered themes.

1010.

Crawford, Margo. "The Interracial Embodiment of Contradiction in Absalom, Absalom!" In Misrecognition, Race and the Real in Faulkner 's Fiction (# 166; 2004), pp. 75-88. A Lacanian study of "misrecognitions" related to race, to the difference between self as body and self as consciousness, and to "the author's ideological blindspots . . . highlighted by the truth to which his own text bears witness."

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1011.

Wulfrnan, Clifford E. "Outraged Recapitulation and Artful Garrulousness." In Misrecognition, Race and the Real in Faulkner 's Fiction (#166; 2004), pp. 89-100. Building on theories of trauma, this discusses the novel not as narrative but in terms of "a poetics of rupture and transmission." It is "a text of telling encounters . . . during which telling occurs" and "traumatic events whose telling collapses upon . . . what is told."

1012.

Mesquita, Paula Elyseu. "Daughters of Necessity, Mothers of Resource: White Women and the War in Absalom, Absalom!" In Faulkner and War (#159; 2004), pp. 55-69. Considers Faulkner's exploration of gender themes in relation to war and specifically to how the stories of Rosa and Judith reflect the disruption caused by war in gender, class, and racial roles.

1013.

Madden, David. "Quentin, Listen." In Faulkner and War (#159; 2004), pp. 102-19. Argues that Quentin is the protagonist, the center of a "drama of consciousness" that is more or less "Faulkner's autobiography as a person via Quentin and as an artist at work creating Quentin."

1014.

Parini, Jay. One Matchless Time (#157; 2004)' pp. 20313.

1015.

Rueckert, William H. "Sutpen's Vortex of Destruction." Faulknerfrom Within (# 160; 2004), pp. 100-123. Emphasizes epistemological and ontological issues. Says the two centers of the novel are Sutpen, the destructive and self-destructive empire builder, and the several narratives of Sutpen, as "the intersection between the self and history for many different selves" is enacted.

1016.

Yamaguchi, Ryuichi. "'A Might-Have-Been More True Than Truth': Absalom, Absalom! " Faulkner 's Artistic Vision (#165; 2004)' pp. 209-40.

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Studies the role of humor, satire, situational jokes, and tall tale elements in a tragic novel. 1017.

Lee, Myungho. "Construction and Deconstruction of Masculinity in William Faulkner's Absalom, Absalom!" Journal of English Language and Literature (Korea) 50 (2004): 3 19-42. Argues that despite recent "feminist readings" focusing on Judith or Rosa, the most radical implications of the novel are tied to its "(un)construction of masculinity" in the patriarchal racist South. While this article is in Korean, a substantial summary is in English.

1018.

Merrim, Stephanie. "Wonder and the Wounds of 'Southem' Histories." In Look Away (# 161;2004), pp. 3 11-32. Compares this novel with works of Borges to explore the usefulness of Aristotle's notion of "wonder" in studying postcolonial texts that reflect a certain "anticolonialist nationalism."

1019.

Johnson, Dane. "'Wherein the South Differs from the North': Tracing the Noncosmopolitan Aesthetic in William Faulkner's Absalom, Absalom! and Gabriel Garcia Mfirquez's One Hundred Years of Solitude." In Look Away (#161; 2004), pp. 383-404. Discusses what seems to be a common dimension, an oppositional aesthetic that is both sophisticated and positioned against a dominant cosmopolitan aesthetic. It "offers possibilities for accepting . . . cultural difference without homogenization."

1020.

Matthews, John T. "Recalling the West Indies: From Yoknapatawpha to Haiti and Back." American Literay History 16, ii (Summer 2004): 238-62. Studying the novel through "new-world studies and postcolonial theory," and drawing in early stories like "Once Aboard the Lugger" and "Carcassonne," this considers the way the novel forces recognition of the repressed, that is, complicity in labor exploitation, slave trade, and colonialism.

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1021.

Zeitlin, Michael. "The Uncanny and the Opaque in Yoknapatawpha and Beyond." Mississippi Quarterly 57, iv (Fall 2004): 619-37. Drawing on Freud, this develops an idea of Faulkner's use of the uncanny with characters "who channel the effluvium of hatred that courses through Faulkner's fiction."

1022.

Crowell, Ellen. "The Picture of Charles Bon: Oscar Wilde's Trip through Faulkner's Yoknapatawpha." Modern Fiction Studies 50, iii (Fall 2004): 595-63 1. Sees Dorian Gray as the model for Faulkner as he reinterprets dandyism for the South, as part of a critique of southern aristocracy, and the dandy, through Charles Bon, as the perceived threat to southern culture of miscegenation and deviant sexuality.

1023.

Gwin, Minrose C. "Racial Wounding and the Aesthetics of the Middle Voice in Absalom, Absalom! and Go Down, Moses." Faulkner Journal 20, i-ii (Fall 2004-Spring 2005): 2 1-33. Uses the rhetorical concept of "middle voice" to explore Faulkner's handling of trauma, "racial woundi n g ~and their repetitions" in these books, emphasizing how "race is articulated as trauma, as the profound wound that it is."

1024.

Wulfman, Clifford E. "The Poetics of Ruptured Mnemosis: Telling Encounters in William Faulkner's Absalom, Absalom!" Faulkner Journal 20, i-ii (Fall 2004-Spring 2005): 111-32. Argues that the book is shaped "by the dynamic of psychic trauma" and that it is "an allegory of reading whose structure constitutes a critique, not only of narrative as a form and of mnemonic representation in narrative, but of epistemology itself, in which the very possibility of reading is called into question."

1025.

Goldstein, Philip. "Black Feminism and the Canon: Faulkner's Absalom, Absalom! and Morrison's Beloved as

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217

Gothic Romances." Faulkner Journal 20, i-ii (Fall 2004Spring 2005): 133-47. Connects both to the romance tradition. Argues that Beloved is the better romance, suggesting that "the community can overcome these horrors and reintegrate its alienated members," whereas Absalom is governed by "modernist disillusionment" and "liberal notions of progress." 1026.

Fulton, Lorie Watkins. "William Faulkner Reprised: Isolation in Toni Morrison's Song of Solomon." Mississippi Quarterly 58, i (Winter 2004-2005): 7-24. Draws comparisons between Morrison's novel and the two Quentin novels, using Morrison's comments on Faulkner in her MA thesis.

1027.

Coss, David L. "Sutpen's Sentient House." Journal of the Fantastic in the Arts 15, ii (Spring 2005): 101-18. Discusses the "use of the 'sentient house' device" and compares it to Poe's use in "The Fall of the House of Usher."

1028.

Weinstein, Philip. "Arrest and Release: Faullcner, Garcia Mkquez, Morrison." Unknowing (#175; 2005)' pp. 23 15 1. Positions Faulkner as modernist between realism and the postmodernism of two other writers, arguing that Charles Etienne's traumatic dilemma "inverts the masterplot of Western realism" but that his particular role and its epistemological issues are not found in the postcolonial novels.

1029.

Bauer, Margaret Donovan. "Resounding Truths in Absalom, Absalom! and Song of Solomon: Exploring Epistemology with Faulkner and Morrison." William Faulkner 's Legacy (#168; 2005), pp. 112-32. Argues that in their treatment of making sense of the past Morrison's novel grants more credibility than Faullcner's to female narrators.

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218

1030.

Fisher-Wirth, Ann. "William Faulkner, Peter Matthiessen, and the Environmental Imagination." In Faulkner and the Ecology of the South (#174; 2005), pp. 47-60. Drawing on ideas of Merleau-Ponty, this argues that the novel has a strong ecological subtext.

1031.

Hannon, Charles. "Belaboring the Past in Absalom, Absalom!" Faulkner and the Discourses of Culture (#171; 2005), pp. 76-103. Analyzes the story of Sutpen within the context of economic discourses of the 19" century and Faulkner's own time. Also studies the narratives that mask the fictions of labor, capital, and power relations.

1032.

DeSantis, Christopher C. "Pseudo-History versus Social Critique: Faulkner's Reconstruction." Southern Quarterly 43, i (Fall 2005): 9-27. Explores through this novel Faulkner's profound and "fundamental ambivalences about the Reconstruction era's place in the history of the South," his appreciation of the tragedy of the period for blacks but continuing adherence to the southern myth of its tragedy for displaced whites.

1033.

Jackson, Tommie Lee. "Wedded Imagery in Fitzgerald's Tender Is the Night, Faulkner's Absalom, Absalom! and Toni Morrison's Paradise and Love." "High-Topped Shoes". . . (#178; 2006), pp. 37-53. Emphasizes the incest motif as one of several tropes common to the three authors.

1034.

Robinson, Owen. "That Florid, Swaggering Gesture: Thomas Sutpen." Creating Yoknapatawpha (#180; 2006), pp. 49-66; and "Perhaps (I Like to Think This): Reading Absalom, Absalom! and the Sutpen Text," pp. 99-1 19. The first studies Sutpen's "efforts as a Yoknapatawpha writer," a "writer of the plantation system," and of a "massive process of self-creation." The second focuses on readerly-writerly relationships, "the communal act" in which the narrators "engage and its

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complex cumulative effect on certain aspects of Yoknapatawpha history." 1035.

Brister, J. G. "Absalom, Absalom! and the Semiotic Other." Faulkner Journal 22, i-ii (Fall 2006-Spring 2007): 39-53. Using Kristeva's distinction between the "symbolic" and the "semiotic," discusses the novel "as a drarnatization of the dialectic" between the two. Seeing Sutpen as embodying the symbolic and Bon the semiotic, with its implications of transgression, argues that the novel suggests the return of the repressed semiotic will "undermine . . . the symbolic order."

1036.

Entzminger, Betina. "Passing as Miscegenation: Whiteness and Homoeroticism in Faulkner's Absalom, Absalorn!" Faulkner Journal 22, i-ii (Fall 2006-Spring 2007): 90-105. Analyzes the connected binaries of race and sexuality in the novel, the relationship of homosexuality to blackness as Other. Sees Quentin and Shreve's theory of "miscegenation as the 'truth"' in the novel as a tactic to "locate the Otherness" in the past and contain it rather than to have homosexuality be the truth that frightens them and "destabilizes the powerful cultural force of whiteness."

Further commentary: #179, #207, #254, #258, #276, #278, #286, #287, #331, #385, #389, #410, #419, #429, #438, #458, #571, #573, #579, #667, #674, #704, #744, #745, #823, #825, #1062, #1082, #1090, #1124, #1137, #1169, #1186, #1209, #1212, #1335, #1423, #1441, #1471, #1499, #1521, #1625, #1665, #1674, #1675, #1687, #1711, #1716, #1717, #1735, #1773, #1781, #1785, #1788, #1816, #1817, #1818, #1819, #1821, #1827, #1837, #1848, #1849, #1856, #1860, #1864, #1884, #1887, #1891, #1949, #1952, #1962, #1984, #2010, #2014, #2017, #2022, #2028, #2041, #25 17.

Novels: The Unvanquished

The Unvanquished 1037.

Donaldson, Susan V. "Dismantling the Saturday Evening Post Reader: The Unvanquished and Changes in the Horizons of Expectations." In Faulkner and Popular Culture (#8; 1990), pp. 179-95. Argues that the book does not allow the "safe and easy" readings that the magazine stories allowed, and that the revisions plus the final story expose the banality of Post reader expectations.

1038.

Polk, Noel, and John D. Hart, eds. The Unvanquished: A Concordance to the Novel (#23; 1990).

1039.

Rogers, David. "Shaking Hands: Gestures toward Race in Faulkner's The Unvanquished." Mississippi Quarterly 43, iii (Summer 1990): 335-48. Drawing on earlier ideas about the meaning of handshakes, this reads the novel in relation to Faulkner's "gradualist" position on racial issues.

1040.

Dwyer, June. "Feminization, Masculinization, and the Role of the Woman Patriot in The Unvanquished." Faulkner Journal 6, ii (Spring 1991): 55-64. Focuses on cross-gender characterizations of Bayard, Drusilla, and Granny.

1041.

Gerlach, John. "Faulkner's The Unvanquished and Welty's Golden Apples: The Boundaries of Story, Cycle, and Novel." Short Story 2, ii (Winter-Spring 1992): 5 162. Compares the two books to get at a sense of the cycle as a form different from story and novel, a form in which "character begins to dissolve into theme" and "people are not as important as the forces which move them."

1042.

Roberts, Diane. "A Precarious Pedestal: The Confederate Women in Fauher's Unvanquished." Journal of American Studies 26, ii (August 1992): 233-46. Revised for

Novels: The Unvanquished

22 1

Faulkner and Southern Womanhood (#63; 1994), pp. 1025. Deals with Faulkner's complex yet ambivalent treatment of the Confederate woman as "both a nostalgic evocation of some epic or Edenic past and a critique of plantation pieties." 1043.

Lowe, John. "The Unvanquished Faulkner's Nietzschean Skirmish with the Civil War." Mississippi Quarterly 46, iii (Summer 1993): 407-36. Also in William Faulkner: A Centennial Tribute (#119; 1999), pp. 153-84. Arguing that this is "a far more disturbing book than many readers realize," reads it as a fiction "about using the past to rebuild the social and cultural realm we all inhabit."

1044.

Gray, Richard. "The Plantation Romance and the Madwoman in the Attic: The Unvanquished." The Life of William Faulkner (#59; 1994), pp. 225-38. Discussing the book in terms of its conventional handling of conflicts, argues that the fmal story actually reaffirms patriarchy, albeit in a redefined order.

1045.

Witt, Robert W. "On Faulkner and Verbena." Southern Literary Journal 27, i (Fall 1994): 73-84. On the complexity of verbena as an image in the final story, particularly as it is tied to the Drusilla-Bayard relationship.

1046.

Nicolaisen, Peter. "'Because We Were Forever Free': Slavery and Emancipation in The Unvanquished." Faulkner Journal 10, ii (Spring 1995): 81-91. Explores the ambivalence toward Emancipation and "freedom" that Faulkner displays and sees his attention as less on slavery than on whether "freedom" in any deep sense is really possible for anyone.

1047.

Hinkle, James C., and Robert McCoy. Reading Faulkner: The Unvanquished (#70; 1995).

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222 1048.

Yaeger, Patricia. "Faulkner's 'Greek Amphora Priestess': Verbena and Violence in The Unvanquished." In Faulkner and Gender (#82; 1996)' pp. 197-227. Studying the conflicted uses of Southern grotesque in the book, focuses on Drusilla's body as "a somatic battlefield for the race and class struggle" that mark Faulkner's understanding of the postbellum South.

1049.

Clarke, Deborah. "Gender, War, and Cross-Dressing in The Unvanquished." In Faulkner and Gender (#82; 1996), pp. 228-5 1. Emphasizing subversions of masculine texts, shows that the book "interrogates the conventional expectations of women's place in war."

1050.

Singal, Daniel J. William Faulkner: The Making of a Modernist (#102; 1997), pp. 221-24. Compares the handling of cavalier myths in this novel and Absalom.

1051.

Hochbruck, Wolfgang. "Writing a Civil War in William Faulkner's The Unvanquished."In Re-Visioning the Past: Historical Self-Reflexivity in American Short Fiction. Ed. Bernd Engler and Oliver Scheiding. Trier, Germany: Wissenschafilicher Verlag, 1998, pp. 21 1-30. Discusses the book, with its admitted factual and chronological inconsistencies, some probably deliberate, as "self-reflexive . . . fictional historiography" that undermines "conventional emplotments of Civil War" romances.

1052.

Quick, Jonathan. "William Faulkner's Civil War: Transposed History." Modern Fiction and the Art of Subversion. New York: Peter Lang, 1999, pp. 97-128. Focuses on discrepancies between actual Civil War events and Faulkner's portrayals of them.

1053.

Gobble, Mary Anne M. "The Significance of Verbena in William Faulkner's 'An Odor of Verbena."' Mississippi Quarterly 53, iv (Fall 2000): 569-82.

Novels: The Unvanquished

223

On the historical background of verbena and its role in the Bayard-Drusilla scenes, where it "becomes a transitional talisman, symbolizing both peace and the enormous price of that peace." 1054.

Makowsky, Veronica, and Bradley Johnson. "Teaching The Unvanquished." In Teaching Faulkner (# 134; 2001), pp. 117-23.

1055.

Rio-Jelliffe, R. "The Unvanquished: The Doubling Voice." Obscuriry S W r i a d Components (# 136; 200 l), pp. 118-31. Says that in revising the stories Faulkner converted a "single-toned voice" into "a bitonal voice entwining the distinct styles and perspectives of the child and the grown Bayard Sartoris."

1056.

Arnold, David L. G. "In the Slow Rain Crying: Gendered Responses to Loss in Faulkner's The Unvanquished." Genre 35, i (Spring 2002): 89-120. Studies the novel within the generic contexts of (and tension between) elegy and lament, emphasizing the disruptive effect of the war on gendered identities as it plays out in the final actions of Bayard and Drusilla.

1057.

Rueckert, William H. "Bayard's Last Stand." Faulkner from Within (#160; 2004), pp. 123-26.

Discusses Bayard as "one of the first (but not very convincing) non-destructive and idealized models for the liberated self in Faulkner." 1058.

Sharpe, Peter. "Bonds That Shackle: Memory, Violence, and Freedom in The Unvanquished." Faulkner Journal 20, i-ii (Fall 2004-Spring 2005): 85-1 10. On ways in which traditional categories of race and gender are undermined in the book, and on Bayard's emergence from southern codes into a more mature humanity.

Novels: The Unvanquished

224

1059.

Organ, Dennis. "Sleep and Keatsian Romanticism in F a u h e r ' s The Unvanquished." Philological Review 3 1, i (Spring 2005): 33-42. On the "sleep motif," sleeplessness, and the influence of "Ode to a Nightingale."

1060.

Atkinson, Ted. "Destruction and Reconstruction: Faulkner's Civil War and the Politics of Recovery." Faulkner and the Great Depression (#167; 2005), pp. 221-36. Argues that Faulkner's Civil War is also "a compendium of Depression themes" and cultural politics of the day.

1061.

Hannon, Charles. "Revisionist Historiography, Agrarian Reform, and The Unvanquished." Faulkner and the Discourses of Culture (#171; 2005), pp. 20-49. Studies the book and revisions of the stories in the context of current changes in such cultural discourses as those related to Reconstruction historiography, southern white male identity, and the relation between labor issues and race.

1062.

Newhouse, Wade. "'Aghast and Uplifted': William Faulkner and the Absence of History." Faulkner Journal 2 1, i-ii (Fall 2005-Spring 2006): 145-65. Rethinks the novel as a dismantling of memory and myth, as "an investigation of the narrative method," and as an alternative vision of the postwar South to that implied by Absalom.

Further commentary: #179, #233, #244, #248, #1337, #1379, #1575, #1675, #1772, #1785, #1814, #1816, #1855, #1858, #1889, #1905, #2000.

Novels: If1Forget Thee, Jerusalem and The Wild Palms

If I Forget Thee, Jerusalem and The Wild Palms 1063.

Eldred, Janet Carey. "Faulkner's Still Life: Art and Abortion in The Wild Palms." Faulkner Journal 4, i-ii (Fall 1988-Spring 1989): 139-58. Studies the novel in terms of 1930s realism and romanticism, with Charlotte as the Byronic and solipsistic artist and "Old Man" as a counter-narrative in a "quixotic and comic" mode. We sympathize with the carnival lovers but know they cannot have a happy ending.

1064.

Jones, Anne Goodwyn. "'The Kotex Age': Women, Popular Culture and The Wild Palms." In Faulkner and Popular Culture (#8; 1990), pp. 142-62. Discusses Faulkner's ambivalence about gender dichotomies and also connections to popular culture with Harry's story as "a masculine popular romance plot."

1065.

Duvall, John N. "Androgyny in The Wild Palms: Variations on Light in August." Faulkner's Marginal Couple (#7; 1990), pp. 37-56. Studies Hany and Charlotte as an androgynous couple, an alternative community to conventional paradigms.

1066.

Gwin, Minrose C. "Flooding and the Feminine Text." The Feminine and Faulkner (#9; 1990), pp. 122-52. A feminist reflection on "how Faulkner's narrative floods, and whether that flooding may be read as feminine," this spins out from the story of Charlotte, which "explores the expansive powers of female desire."

1067.

Harrington, Gary. "The Wild Palms." Faulkner 's Fables of Creativity (# 10; 1990), pp. 63-94. Emphasizes Faulkner's concern with narrative issues, language, and the tension between "the artist's ambi-

Novels: If1 Forget Thee, Jerusalem and The Wild Palms

tion for inspired expression" and the need for "a cogent structure." 1068.

Schreiner, Christopher S. "Faulkner/Levinas: The Vivacity of Disaster." In Phenomenology and Aesthetics: Approaches to Comparative Literature and the Other Arts. Ed. Marlies Kronegger. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1991, pp. 7 1-85. Drawing on ideas of Heidegger and Husserl, explores "the predicament of Faulkner's doomed lovers," the "nourishing and destructive" parts of their relationship, their "eroticism," and "obsessive exodus."

1069.

Sowder, William J. "The Romantic Woman: Caddy, Temple, and Charlotte." Existential-Phenomenological Readings on Faulkner (#4 1; 199l), pp. 105-20. Argues for an "existential phenomenology of female sexuality" to understand these three women living "in the labyrinth called romantic love," with Charlotte being the one believing "that romantic women and men can coexist, that neither has to . . . subdue or be subdued."

1070.

Hannon, Charles. "Signification, Simulation, and Containment in I f l Forget Thee, Jerusalem." Faulkner Journal 7, i-ii (Fall 1991-Spring 1992): 133-50. Sees the novel as "Faulkner's metadiscursive challenge to modernism" as it deals with metaphor, metonymy, and ideas of "representation" and with modernism's "separation of art from the culture of everyday life."

1071.

McHugh, Patrick. "William Faulkner and the American New Jerusalem." Arizona Quarterly 48, i (Spring 1992): 25-43. Says the novel "dramatizes the teleological dimensions of Faulkner's design" and satirizes "the conservative American jeremiad" but also "the liberal promise of freedom."

1072.

Fayen, Tanya T. "Borges: Literary South." In Borges' Craft of Fiction: Selected Essays on His Writing. Ed. Jo-

Novels: If1 Forget Thee, Jerusalem and The Wild Palms

227

seph Tyler. Carrollton, GA: International Circle of Borges Scholars, West Georgia College, 1992, pp. 43-55. On Borges's translation of this novel. 1073.

Crabtree, Claire. "Plots of Punishment and Faulkner's Injured Women: Charlotte Rittenmeyer and Linda Snopes." Michigan Academician 24, iv (Summer 1992): 527-39. Argues that at different times these two characters indicate an evolving and more positive and complex view of women on Faulkner's part, albeit a view compromised by the fate he assigns them.

1074.

Holditch, W. Kenneth. "The Broken World: Romanticism, Realism, Naturalism in A Streetcar Named Desire." In Confronting Tennessee Williams's A Streetcar Named Desire. Ed. Philip C. Kolin. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1993, pp. 147-66. Compares the treatment of love in Faulkner's novel and the play.

1075.

Yonce, Margaret J. "The Pairing of The Sound and the Fury and 'Wild Palms."' Women's Studies 22, iv (September 1993): 507- 16. Discusses a set of similar concerns, as well as a similar kind of genesis, for the two novels.

1076.

Bauer, Margaret D. "Failed Quests for Ideal Love: Jude the Obscure as a Paradigm for The Wild Palms." University of Mississippi Studies in English 11-12 (1993-1995): 282-93. Discusses a set of parallels, including the failed quest, and sees Jude Fawley as a model for Harry.

1077.

Gray, Richard. "Now About These Women: The Wild Palms." The Lve of William Faulkner (#59; 1994), pp. 239-53. Connects the novel with Faulkner's personal confbsion over his relationship with women and reads it also as a "sophisticated construct" very much concerned with the age's inability "to distinguish between the artificial and the authentic."

Novels: If1 Forget Thee, Jerusalem and The Wild Palms

228 1078.

Roberts, Diane. "Writing the Womb: Laverne Shumann and Charlotte Rittenmeyer." Faulkner and Southern Womanhood (#63; 1994), pp. 205- 13. Discusses them as variations on, or subversions of, the southern mother figure.

1079.

Borges, Jorge Luis. "An Unsigned Prologue." Tr. Trude Stem. Faulkner Journal 11, i-ii (Fall 1995-Spring 1996): 11. An unsigned jacket blurb from Borges's translation published in Argentina in 1940. Beatriz Vegh identifies it as by Borges.

1080.

Vegh, Beatriz. "The Wild Palms and Las palmeras salvajes: The Southern Counterpoint FauknerIBorges." Faulkner Journal 11, i-ii (Fall 1995-Spring 1996): 165-79. On the interest of both writers in "counterpoint" and in new strategies, as well as the connection between the translation and Borges's own fiction at the time. Comments on a 1988 master's thesis by Marian B. McMaster (Middlebury College) that studied the translation.

1081.

Urgo, Joseph R. "Faulkner Unplugged: Abortopoesis and The Wild Palms." In Faulkner and Gender (#82; 1996), pp. 252-72. Considering abortion, beyond the surgical procedures, as the central trope of the novel, argues that the book's method is a series of narrative abortions. Also considers the significance of the musical term "unplugged."

1082.

Godden, Richard. "Forget Jerusalem, Go to Hollywood'To Die. Yes. To Die?' (A Coda to Absalom, Absalom!)." Fictions of Labor (#95; 1997), pp. 179-234. A revision of a 1985 article, this chapter is by Godden and Pamela Knights. It addresses connections between the two novels but also a change in Faukner's sense of labor issues between the novels.

Novels: If1Forget Thee, Jerusalem and The Wild Palms

229

1083.

Singal, Daniel J. "Ruthless and Unbearable Honesty: The Wild Palms." William Faulkner: The Making of a Modernist (#102; 1997), pp. 225-44. Argues that the "Modernist imperative to embrace life . . . lies at the heart of this book," even in its ironic treatment of the Tall Convict's rejection of life. Charlotte "is the brave cavalier updated" for a new modem culture.

1084.

Lester, Cheryl. "lf I Forget Thee, Jerusalem and The Great Migration: History in Black and White." In Faulkner in Cultural Context (#97; 1997), pp. 191-2 17. Argues that despite not seeming to have racial themes the novel emphasizes topics tied to black experience in the South and in the Great Migration and also exemplifies Faukner's concern with, yet vulnerability to, white denials.

1085.

Tanyol, Denise. "The Two-Way Snake Bite: The Dead Doctor Wounds His Son in William Faulkner's 'The Wild Palms."' Mississippi Quarterly 50, iii (Summer 1997): 465-75. A psychoanalytic reading of Harry's crippling relationships with a series of father-figures.

1086.

Pitavy, Fran~ois."Revision and Translation in William Faulkner's If1 Forget Thee, Jerusalem." In Le traduzioni italiane di William Faulkner (# 109; 1998), pp. 165-75. On how a new French translation might differ from Coindreau's 1952 version.

1087.

King, Vincent Allan. "The Wages of Pulp: The Use and Abuse of Fiction in William Faukner's The Wild Palms." Mississippi Quarterly 5 1 , iii (Summer 1998): 503-27. Argues that the novel "reflects Faulkner's anxiety about working for . . . the popular culture industry" and that the "Tall Convict, Charlotte, and Harry are all artist figures who refuse to respond creatively to their predicaments."

Novels: If1 Forget Thee, Jerusalem and The Wild Palms

230

1088.

McHugh, Patrick. "The Birth of Tragedy from the Spirit of the Blues: Philosophy and History in Ifl Forget Thee, Jerusalem." Faulkner Journal 14, ii (Spring 1999): 57-74. Considers Faulkner's "conscious evocation of Nietzsche and Schopenhauer" in the novel, an evocation that is critical of both philosophical perspectives in the face of "the suffering of people living through the collapse of social order during the Depression."

1089.

Cesari-Stricker, Florence. '"A Single Fluxive Yes': Desire in The Wild Palms." In Naissances de Faulkner (#125; 2000), pp. 99-104. On the dialectics of desire in the novel, a dialectics continually thrown off course as Faulkner balances between "the symbolics of domination and the symbolic~of deciphering."

1090.

Watson, James G. "Stage Manager." William Faulkner (#132; 2000), pp. 136-71. On Faulkner's strategies of self-presentation for "authorial sovereignty" and on the autobiographical dimensions of the book, into which he writes "the chaos of his immediate love and suffering" but with the "malignant power of irony."

1091.

TGyama, Kiyoko M. "The Wild Palms: Two Types of Love." Faulkner and the Modern Fable (#138; 2001), pp. 51-62. Discusses the book as "one of Faulkner's most gallant attempts to treat the gigantic theme of love" in stories of "male love embodied in the cerebral man and the physical man" with two very different women.

1092.

Dobbs, Cynthia. "Flooded: The Excesses of Geography, Gender, and Capitalism in Faulkner's If 1 Forget Thee, Jerusalem." American Literature 73, iv (December 2001): 81 1-35. Argues that "Faulkner explores his culture's fear of radical fluidity in ways that connect women's bodies . . . to both a radically feminized landscape and a

Novels: If1Forget Thee, Jerusalem and The Wild Palms

23 1

dangerously volatile free-market economy." Gender, geography, and capitalism become sources of chaos. 1093.

Pitavy, Franqois. "lfIForget Thee, Jerusalem: A Pivot in Faulkner's Career." In Faulkner 's Maturity (# 140; 2002), pp. 9-12. Sees the novel as "a reflexive pause" in Faulkner's career but also including "the return of the artist figure" and a dialogism between vernacular and aesthetic voices.

1094.

Zeitlin, Michael. "Meconaissance and (the Shadowy Indefinite Shape of) Truth in IfI Forget Thee, Jerusalem." In Faulkner 's Maturity (#140; 2002), pp. 13-19. Drawing on Lacan, sees the key to the novel in a pattern of denial of traumatic reality and aggression and in the doctor's "narcissistic circle of his perceptions and projections."

1095.

Lurie, Peter. "Screening Readerly Pleasures: Modernism, Melodrama and Mass Markets in If1Forget Thee, Jerusalem." In Faulkner's Maturity (#140; 2002), pp. 21-32. Revised for Vision's Immanence (#155; 2004), pp. 12960. Reads the novel as an attack on mass culture, including popular film formulas, and on "habits of consumption that commercial culture encouraged." Says Faulkner both inscribes and subverts popular forms.

1096.

Zender, Karl F. "A Voice for Caddy Compson." Faulkner and the Politics of Reading (#147; 2002), pp. 53-74. Compares Charlotte, who reflects "a tragic dimension of modem womanhood" but has a voice, with Caddy, who has no voice in her novel.

1097.

Richardson, Daniel C. "Bridging the Gulf: An Analysis of a Brazilian Translation of Faulkner's The Wild Palms." Faulkner Journal 19, i (Fall 2003): 6 1-76. Studying a 1966 Portuguese translation, focuses on the difficulty of translating the novel and on how the

Novels: If1 Forget Thee, Jerusalem and The Wild Palms translator tried to convey stylistic richness, syntactic complexity, and lexical nuances. 1098.

Rueckert, William H. "Faulkner's Dialectical Novel." Faulknerfrom Within (# 160; 2004), pp. 127-40. Traces the circular nature of both stories, each circle with its own significance, and says that "Wild Palms" has "a circle within a circle." Also says idealisms in Faulkner are often "ironically destructive."

1099.

Tichi, Cecilia. "'Old Man': Shackles, Chains, and Water Water Everywhere." In Faulkner and the Ecology of the South (#174; 2005), pp. 3-14. Argues that Faulkner, despite arguments by Lawrence Schwartz, can be read as a writer engaged in issues of social justice and ecological ethics, and that "Old Man" is a key text for exploring this side of Faulkner.

1100.

Koloze, Jeff. "William Faulkner's The Wild Palms (1939)." An Ethical Analysis of the Portrayal of Abortion in American Fiction: Dreiser, Hemingway, Faulkner, Dos Passos, Brautigan, Irving. Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellen, 2005, pp. 161-80. Discusses the ways Faulkner presents the ethical issues around Charlotte's abortion.

1101.

Folks, Jeffrey J. "Ethics Adrift: Faulkner's I f I Forget Thee, Jerusalem." Southern & Caribbean Narrative from Faulkner to Naipaul(#169; 2005), pp. 27-42. Emphasizes contrasts between the two stories in their treatment of questions about a person's condition "within time, nature, and society"; of issues of freedom and responsibility; and of themes of love, middle-class expectations, gender, and cultural values.

1102.

Rozga, Margaret. "Grown Deep: The Mississippi River as a Site of Conflict and Growth in Southern Literature." In Conflict in Southern Writing. Ed. Ben P. Robertson. Troy, AL: Association for Textual Study and Production, 2006, pp. 63-72.

Novels: If1 Forget Thee, Jerusalem and The Wild Palms

23 3

Compares use of the river in "Old Man" and in Percy's The Thanatos Syndrome. Further commentary: #156, #179, #204, #220, #716, #802, #1259, #1426, #1441, #1706, #1732, #1739, #1742, #1811, #1828, #1831, #1834, #1855, #1919, #1928, #1952, #1975, #1988.

Novels: The Hamlet

The Hamlet 1103.

Sass, Karen R. "Rejection of the Maternal and the Polarization of Gender in The Hamlet." Faulkner Journal 4, i-ii (Fall 1988-Spring 1989): 127-38. Argues that the "polarization of the genders in The Hamlet helps to explain the hostility towards women in Faulkner's fiction" and that the lives of males are "harsh because they reject the feminine."

1104.

Blann, Robertson. "The Goats That Got Away: A Look at Faulkner's Goat Trading Episode in The Hamlet and Some Problems With It." Tennessee Philological Bulletin 26 (1989): 38-46. Shows that in revising the goat-trading episode fiom short story to novel and changing "plot, tone, point of view, and characterization" Faulkner left several inconsistencies.

1105.

Mistichelli, William J. "Perception Is a Sacred Cow: The Narrator and Ike Snopes in William Faulkner's The Hamlet." Faulkner Journal 5, ii (Spring 1989): 15-33. Says that in the story of Ike and the cow the narrative voice and style are crucial to understanding Faulkner's intention in the episode but also part of a larger disorienting strategy that leads the reader to see themes in a new way.

1106.

Moreland, Richard C. "From Irony to Humor and Rage in The Hamlet." Faulkner and Modernism (#16; 1990), pp. 122-57. Sees a shift in Faulkner's fiction here fiom irony and compulsive repetition toward strategic use of the humor of Ratliff and the rage of Mink.

1107.

Polk, Noel, and John D. Hart, eds. The Hamlet: A Concordance to the Novel (# 18; 1990).

1108.

Haynes, Jayne Isbell. "A Note on F a u h e r ' s Cows." Mississippi Quarterly 43, iii (Summer 1990): 4 13-16.

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235

Traces Faukner's use of the cow back to actual events in Tennessee around 1930. 1109.

Kidd, Millie M. "The Dialogic Perspective in William Faukner's The Hamlet." Mississippi Quarterly 44, iii (Summer 1991): 309-20. A Bakhtinian reading that argues the novel has a polyphonic pattern in which no perspective is final or certain, but each perspective gains meaning in relation to the others.

1110.

BaSiC, Sonja. "Parody and Metafiction: Ulysses and The Hamlet." In Faulkner, His Contemporaries, and His Posterity (#56; 1993), pp. 4 1-55. Says the writers are similar in their technical originality to develop reader involvement and empathy as well as in their "distancing parodic and metafictional strategies." This novel becomes "a self-reflexive assemblage of narrative repertoires."

1111.

Materassi, Mario. "Two Southern Gentlemen and Their Unsavory Upstarts: Verga's Mazzarb and Faulkner's Flem Snopes." In Faulkner, His Contemporaries, and His Posterity (#56; 1993), pp. 102-9. On remarkable similarities between Flem and the main character in Verga's story "La Roba" (1883).

1112.

Levitsky, Holli G. "Exquisite Agony: Desire for the Other in Faulkner's The Hamlet." Women's Studies 22, iv (September 1993): 485-96. Drawing on Bakhtin and focusing on Eula and Labove, as well as Ike and the cow, discusses Faulkner's use of the grotesque to disrupt and confuse categories related to desire, love, and propriety.

1113.

Gray, Richard. "Let's Make a Deal: The Hamlet." The Life of William Faulkner (#59; 1994), pp. 253-71. Says the village has two forms of exchange, speech or tale-telling and goods or cash; that Flem is like Varner, more advanced but having lost the joy of competition; and that Eula is the image of male commodification of women and the land.

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236 1114.

Dimino, Andrea. "From Goddess to 'Galmeat': Narrative Politics and Narrative Desire in Faulkner's Novels." Faulkner Journal 10, ii (Spring 1995): 65-80. Drawing on Peter Brooks's ideas about "narrative desire" and the structuring powers of readers, argues that Faulkner's narrative patterns and "depictions of time" are strongly gendered. Focuses on this novel and Light in August.

1115.

Lane-Mercier, Gillian. "Towards a Rhetorical Practice of Mimesis: Writing/Reading/(Re)Translating Fictional Sociolects." Recherches Skmiotiques 15, iii (1995): 105-28. On translating social dialects when translating into French.

1116.

Urgo, Joseph. "Faulkner's Real Estate: Land and Literary Speculation in The Hamlet." Mississippi Quarterly 48, iii (Summer 1995): 443-57. Connects Flem's conversion of the Old Frenchman's Place into marketable real estate with Faulkner's turning Yoknapatawpha into a kind of marketable real estate.

1117.

Hannighausen, Lothar. "Mythic Sex in Mississippi: Eula and Ike Snopes." Connotations: A Journal for Critical Debate 5, ii-iii ( 1 99511996): 276-83. On the "daring thematics" and "the liminal and mythic dimensions" of Faulkner's telling of the Eula and Ike stories as the means by which these grotesques "come to embody the mysteries of love."

1118.

Ideo, Yasuko. "The Treatment of Time in Faulkner's Works, 9: The Vortices of Passion and Fury in The Hamlet." Shokei Daigaku Kenkyu Kiyo 19 (1 996): 2 1-37.

1119.

Holmes, Catherine D. Annotations to Faulkner's The Hamlet (#78; 1996).

1120.

Skinfill, Mauri. "Reconstructing Class in Faulkner's Late Novels: The Hamlet and the Discovery of Capital." Studies in American Fiction 24, ii (Autumn 1996): 151-69.

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237

Sees a shift in Faulkner's thinking as race and fatherson conflict are replaced by "the category of class as the fundamental structure determining social activity," and says that Faulkner "exposes the American myth of opportunity and self-production," in no small part through Mink's story. Polk, Noel. "Around, Behind, Above, Below Men: Ratliff s Buggies and the Homosocial in Yoknapatawpha." In Haunted Bodies: Gender and Southern Texts. Ed. Anne Goodwyn Jones and Susan V. Donaldson. Charlottesville, VA: UP of Virginia, 1997, pp. 343-66. Also printed as "Ratliff s Buggies" in Children of the Dark House (#87; 1996), pp. 166-95. A psychoanalytic reading that focuses on homosocial patterns, "compromised male sexuality," and fear of the feminine. 1122.

Hlinnighausen, Lothar. "Regionalism and Beyond: The Hamlet." Faulkner: Masks and Metaphors (#96; 1997), pp. 223-6 1. Studies the rich metaphoricity of the novel as it combines with narrative strengths to convey a complex sociocultural transition. Focuses on love and sex, disturbed male sexuality, and how a demanding style engages the reader in important operations of the novel.

1123.

Hoffinann, Gerhard. "The Comic and the Humoristic, the Satiric and the Grotesque Modes of Representation: Faulkner's Fusion of Perspectives in The Hamlet." In William Faulkner 's Short Fiction (#103; 1997), pp. 139-63. Studies comic elements and modes within a more general approach to those modes in Faulkner and relates the comic elements to the "composite" dimension of the novel as an integration of stories.

1124.

Pothier, Jacques. "Black Laughter: Poor White Short Stories behind Absalom, Absalom! and The Hamlet." In William Faulkner 's Short Fiction (# 103; 1997), pp. 173-84.

Novels: The Hamlet

Considers connections between the two novels and between them and the stories that went into composition of the novels. 1125.

Singal, Daniel J. William Faulkner: The Making of a Modernist (# 102; 1997), pp. 244-55. Discusses the novel as a critique of outdated values such as "primal honor" and sees Flem less as a villain and more as an "opportunistic historical scavenger."

1126.

Froehlich, Peter Alan. "Faulkner and the Frontier Grotesque: The Hamlet as Southwestern Humor." In Faulkner in Cultural Context (#97; 1997), pp. 218-40. Emphasizing the grotesque as a technique and the frontier as a setting, this is an interpretation that shows how the book "makes its readers uncomfortable and unhappy by resisting any attempt to confine and control meaning."

1127.

Nicolaisen, Peter. "Public Life and Private Experience in Faulkner's The Hamlet." Amerikastudien 42, iv (1997): 649-60. Sees the novel as concerned with "the tension between . . . public life and private experience," between "rumor and gossip" and silence, between language and a life that "resists language."

1128.

Gresset, Michel. "Re-Translating William Faulkner's 'The Hamlet' with the Help of Cesare Pavese's 'I1 borgo."' In Le traduzioni Italiane di William Faulkner (#109; 1997), pp. 157-64. Suggests that Pavese's 1942 Italian translation was a help in doing the French translation later.

1129.

Dimitri, Carl. "The Hamlet and the Modernist Critique of Reason." Renaissance & Modern Studies 41 (1998): 4759. Argues that the novel "probes the modem ideals of reason and the rational subject and finds them to be delusions."

Novels: The Hamlet

239

1130.

Horton, Merrill. "A Possible Source for Faulkner's Flem and Byron Snopes." Faulkner Journal 14, i (Fall 1998): 75-78. Suggests Balzac's Castanier in "Melmoth Reconciled."

1131.

Godden, Richard. "Earthling The Hamlet, an AntiRatliffian Reading." Faulkner Journal 14, ii (Spring 1999): 75-1 16. Sees Ratliff s version of Flem and the Snopeses as "riddled with contradictions" which readers nostalgically ignore and sees the scene of Flem and the devil as one which "reveals more about" Ratliff than Flem. Flem is actually positioned between Ab and Will as a "residual populist."

1132.

Jehlen, Myra. "Faulkner and the Unnatural." In Faulkner and the Natural World (#118; 1999), pp. 143-58. Reconsiders the story of Ike and the cow as an ironic pastoral set in "a world incapable of pastoral ideals" and argues that the novel finally posits a "radically disillusioned" vision "devoid of hope" and optimism.

1133.

Mortimer, Gail. "Faulkner's Playfkl Bestiary: Seeing Gender through Ovidian Eyes." In Faulkner at 100 (#126; 2000), pp. 53-59. Part of a panel, "Why Faulkner?," this considers bovine imagery and argues that the fleshly correspondences between Eula and Ike's cow powerfully expose the source of masculine anxiety about the female in Faulkner's world."

1134.

Pothier, Jacques. "Imagery and the Making of The Hamlet: Of Snopeses and Cows." in William Faulkner in Venice (#127; 2000), pp. 113-27. On the combination of stylization and realism that governs the book and the way in which the book's metaphors and florid imagery drive the plot rather than being generated by the plot.

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240

1135.

Evans, David. "Faulkner's Ambulatory Style: Pragmatism and The Hamlet." In William Faulkner in Venice (#127; 2000), pp. 307-16. Finds William James's pragmatism relevant to study of Faulkner's themes, as in the tension between Ratliff and Flem. A similar discussion by Evans is in "Reading Faulkner Pragmatically: The Hamlet and William James." In Teaching Faulkner (#134; 2001), pp. 125-30.

1136.

Crosby, Janice C. "The Pastoral Rapture of Eula in The Hamlet." Bucknell Review 44, i (2000): 108-19. An "ecofeminist" reading of the novel and Eula as reflecting "Faulkner's vision of the loss of the pastoral fantasy" and "male desire for this fantasy to continue" but also as sensitive to "the difficulty of dislodging patriarchal control of women and the land."

1137.

Godden, Richard. "Comparative Idiocy: A Phenomenological Reading of The Hamlet as a Rebuke to an American Century." In Faulkner in America (#139; 2001), pp. 1-23. A reading, drawing on Merleau-Ponty, that revolves around the autochthonous behavior of Ike and connects his relation with the cow to co-habiting with the soil. Connects other scenes to a larger indictment of American social and economic practices.

1138.

Lutz, John. "The Texas Disease: Commodity Fetishism and Psychic Deprivation in The Hamlet." LIT: Literature Interpretation Theory 13, i (January-March 2002): 69-90. Puts the themes of love and greed into specific historical contexts to argue that the novel "exposes how the hidden mechanisms of social and economic domination endemic to capitalism have created a society that robs individuals of the autonomy necessary to fulfill their basic human needs." Sees Ratliff as a center of tensions not an authorial voice.

Novels: The Hamlet

24 1

1139.

Gresset, Michel, and Jacques Pothier. "The Hamlet: Revisiting Faulkner's Pastoral Symphony." In Faulkner's Maturity (# 140; 2002), pp. 43-45. A preface to pieces by Watson and Pothier, this calls The Hamlet "the quintessential Faulkner novel" and "a portable anthology of the immense variety of his literary genius."

1140.

Watson, Jay. "'Coming to Pieces on Me': Narrative Technique and Narrational Anxiety in The Hamlet, or, Why the Long Summer Is So Long." In Faulkner's Maturity (#140; 2002), pp. 47-56. Argues that the narrator is a problematic figure and "an active figure of division," who uses fairy-tale devices to fabricate his own myth around Flem Snopes; when Flem is absent, his method falls apart.

1141.

Pothier, Jacques. "The Fall of the House of Jamshyd, or The Hamlet as a Gothic Novel." In Faulkner's Maturity (#140; 2002), pp. 57-63. Argues that Faulkner, in revising this novel about a "dark house," actually "intensified the gothic overtones in a deliberate stylization of his material."

1142.

Godden, Richard. "Comparative Cows: Or, Reading The Hamlet for Its Residues." ELH 70, ii (Summer 2003): 597-623. Connects the populist resentment in the book to a "deep structure" of the slave revolt from antebellum years and says the meaning of the episode with the bull is tied to master-slave not landlord-tenant relationships.

1143.

Skei, Hans H. "A Life Remembered: Store Porch Tales from Yoknapatawpha County." In The Art of Brevity: Excursions in Short Fiction Theory and Analysis. Ed. Per Winther, Jakob Lothe, and Hans H. Skei. Columbia, SC: U of South Carolina P, 2004, pp. 162-71. Compares short story and novel versions of "Fool about a Horse" and "Spotted Horses" with an emphasis on the importance of oral performance but also on how that changes between versions.

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242

1144.

Rueckert, William H. "Economic, Moral, and Sexual Passions in The Hamlet." Faulkner@om Within (#160; 2004), pp. 141-56. Focuses on Flem, the inhuman de-romanticized self driven only by economic gain; on Eula; and on Ratliff, who suggests a "wholly new ontological possibility" in Faulkner's "created space."

1145.

Labatt, Blair. "The Hamlet: Relevance and Plenitude." Faulkner the Stotyteller (#172; 2005), pp. 63-99. A narratological study of the function of story, plot, non-plot, event, and episode in this novel or "narrative multiverse."

1146.

Hannon, Charles. "Ethnographic Allegory and The Hamlet." Faulkner and the Discourses of Culture (#171; 2005), pp. 104-30. Studies the novel in relation to discourses of ethnography in the 1930s. Emphasizes Ratliff s role, which is "an analogue of the ethnographic perspective developed within anthropology" as he appropriates the stories of others in his "modernist-ironic voice" but deletes the voices of the local informants.

1147.

Fulton, Lorie Watkins. "He's a Bitch: Gender and Nature in The Hamlet." Mississippi Quarterly 58, iii (Summer 2005): 441-62. Shows that nature and animal imagery, often tied by critics only to Eula and female characters, is equally used with male characters.

1148.

Evans, David H. "Mobile Home: Pragmatism and The Hamlet." Mississippi Quarterly 58, iii (Summer 2005): 463-93. Argues that pragmatism and its philosophical and political controversies are an important and understudied context for Faulkner's fiction, particularly this novel.

Further commentary: #179, #572, #606, #1269, #1471, #1489, #1625, #1760, #1771, #1807, #1814, #1835, #1955, #2009.

Novels: Go Down, Moses

Go Down, Moses 1149.

Martin, W. R. "Faulkner's Pantaloon and Gaspar Ruiz." Conradiana 2 1, i (Spring 1989): 47-5 1. Sees the story of Rider as drawing on Conrad's "Gaspar Ruiz."

1150.

Cowart, David. "The Distant Mirror: Through a Glass Darkly: Go Down, Moses." History and the Contemporary Novel. Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois UP, 1989, pp. 169-89. Studies the novel as "a remarkable approach to the problem of handling history fictively," of drawing on actual history but making the past and present mutually reflective.

1151.

Salmon, Webb. "Sam Fathers' Identity-A Puzzle.'' Notes on Mississippi Writers 22, i (1990): 41-47. On inconsistencies in information about Sam's lineage.

1152.

Cackett, Kathy. "The Garden of Eden: Challenging Faulkner's Family Romance." Hemingway Review 9, ii (Spring 1990): 155-68. Sees Hemingway's work as a challenge to Faulkner and "The Bear."

1153.

Deamer, Robert Glen. "The Adarnic Hero and the Southern Myth: Faulkner's Isaac McCaslin and Quentin Compson." The Importance of Place in the American Literature of Hawthorne, Thoreau, Crane, Adams, and Faulkner: American Writers, American Culture, and the American Dream. Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellen, 1990, pp. 153-69. Comparing Isaac with Quentin, so trapped in a southern myth, argues that Go Down, Moses effectively combines exploration of western romantic and southern myths. Sees both characters as sympathetic failures but also "victims of time" as Faulkner studies "man's yearning to transcend time."

Novels: Go Down, Moses

Clarke, Graham. "Marking Out and Digging In: Language as Ritual in G o Down, Moses." In William Faulkner: The Yoknapatawpha Fiction (#14; 1990), pp. 147-64. Argues that Faulkner tries to develop a language through which the South can be "an alternative locus for the myth of American meaning," an "implosive" view focused on loss rather than an "expansive" view as seen in East-West paradigms. Godden, Richard. Fictions of Capital: The American NoveljFom James to Mailer. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1990, pp. 154-61. Sees the "narrative logic" of Ike's story and the whole book as being a common pattern in southern writing of the period. Toolan, Michael J. The Stylistics of Fiction (#25; 1990). Faris, Wendy B. "Marking Space, Charting Time: Text and Territory in Faulkner's 'The Bear' and Carpentier's Los pasos perdidos." In Do the Americas Have a Common Literature? Ed. Gustavo PBrez Firmat. Durham, NC: Duke UP, 1990, pp. 243-65. Says that in both the "question of land appropriation motivates an elaborate set of dualities that particularizes the division between civilization and the wilderness." Kinney, Arthur F., ed. Critical Essays on William Faulkner: The McCaslin Family (# 12; 1990). Devlin, Albert J. "History, Sexuality, and the Wilderness in the McCaslin Family Chronicle." In Critical Essays on William Faulkner: The McCaslin Family (#12; 1990), pp. 189-98. On the absence of emotion and passion in white male-female relationships. Muhlenfeld, Elisabeth. "The Distaff Side: The Women in G o Down, Moses." In Critical Essays on William Faulkner: The McCaslin Family (#12; 1990), pp. 198-212.

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245

Argues that in this novel dominated by males the female characters have great strength and symbolic significance. 1161.

Bell, Bernard W. "William Faulkner's 'Shining Star': Lucas Beauchamp as a Marginal Man." In Critical Essays on William Faulkner: The McCaslin Family (# 12; 1990), pp. 224-33. Says Lucas "represents the promise and limitations of a modem social and moral order which challenges the ideology of white racism while perpetuating traditional ideologies of patriarchy and Christian humanism."

1162.

King, Richard H. "Lucas Beauchamp and William Faukner: Blood Brothers." In Critical Essays on William Faulkner: The McCaslin Family (# 12; 1990), pp. 233-43. In tracing the decline of artistic strength between the two novels about Lucas, this also argues that "Faulkner's world . . . can be understood in terms of the social and legal transactions at its center," such as differences between obligation, gift, and theft.

1163.

Moreland, Richard C. "Racism's Black Balloon Face Revisited in G o Down, Moses." Faulkner and Modernism (#16; 1990), pp. 158-93. Says that the book undermines an ironic modernist view of history, that it makes use of "humorous, critical revisions of his most modernistic primal scenes" such as the confrontation between poor white and planter.

1164.

Zuckert, Catherine H. "Faulkner on Nature and History." Natural Right and the American Imagination: Political Philosophy in Novel Form. Savage, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 1990, pp. 197-239. Says that the book deals with a common American concern, the relationship between nature and convention and the extent of the freedom individuals and society have to change, and that Faulkner connected his role to "maintaining . . . political morality."

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246

1165.

Dawson, William P. "Fate and Freedom: The Classical Backgrounds of Go Down, Moses." Mississippi Quarterly 43, iii (Summer 1990): 387-4 12. Interprets the book's concern with freedom and heroism against a classical background and Greek attitudes toward fate, death, and nobility.

1166.

Taylor, Nancy Dew. "Go Down, Moses and the Literature of the New World Commemoration." Faulkner Journal 6, i (Fall 1990): 25-32. Connects the fourth section of "The Bear" to works appearing on the 450' anniversary of Columbus's voyages by Samuel Eliot Morrison and others.

1167.

Vandenverken, David L. "From Getting Married to Getting Buried: The Agenda of Women in Faulkner's Go Down, Moses." Journal of the American Studies Association of Texas 21 (October 1990): 50-56. Tries to refocus critical attention on female characters.

1168.

Duvall, John N. "Doe Hunting and Masculinity: Song of Solomon and Go Down, Moses." Arizona Quarterly 47, i (Spring 1991): 95-1 15. Included in Toni Morrison's Song of Solomon: A Casebook. Ed. Jan Furman. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2003, pp. 113-36. An intertextual reading that sees Morrison as reclaiming and questioning the world of Faulkner's novel.

1169.

Martino, Mirella. "The Metafictional Masks of Orality and Time in Absalom, Absalom! and 'The Bear."' In The Artist and His Masks (#34; 1991), pp. 3 13-25. Considers orality and oral devices as "a mask behind which Faulkner hides himself and a vehicle for his metafictional purposes." Says Faulkner uses orality "to represent his own consolidation and shaping of words into the formal pattern of a text."

1170.

Watson, James G. "Faulkner in the Custom-House." In The Artist and His Masks (#34; 1991), pp. 327-36.

Novels: Go Down,Moses

247

Draws connections between this book and The Scarlet Letter, both novels "accommodating" their authors "to history" and ancestors. 1171.

Boitani, Piero. "Why Should Moses Go Down? Accessus to a Fauknerian Title." In The Artist and His Masks (#34; 1991), pp. 337-46. Plays with paradoxical implications of the title and its references to the black spiritual and the Bible.

1172.

Ferguson, James. Faulkner 's Short Fiction (#30; 1991)' pp. 166-69. Discusses revisions of stories for the novel.

1173.

Lockyer, Judith. "Ike McCaslin and the Threatened Order." Ordered by Words (#33; 1991), pp. 99-1 18. Focuses on Ike's quest for an absolute truth that, however, "can be approached only through language." While the novel denies the possibility of transcendence, it also reflects Faulkner's desire to find a language of moral authority in a troubled time.

1174.

Reesman, Jeanne Campbell. "Go Down, Moses: Dissolution of Design." ~ m e r l i a nDesigns (#40; 1991), pp. 14992. Discusses problems related to knowledge and design in the book and sees it as "a constantly transformative book, strangely satisfying in offering resolution and yet refusing to be resolved," and reflecting Faukner's search for a "metadesign that might counteract the closed designs of Yoknapatawpha's social realities."

1175.

Sowder, William J. "Young Ike McCaslin: Travels in Terra Incognita." Existential-Phenomenological Readings on Faulkner (#4 1; 199l), pp. 13 1-47. A study, revised from a 1988 article and influenced by Karl Jaspers, arguing that the young Ike is a "creative embodiment o f . . . Jaspers' beau ideal of the existential hero."

Novels: Go Down, Moses

248

1176.

Winn, Harbour. "Lineage and the South: The Unity of Faulkner' s Go Down, Moses." Midwest Quarterly 32, iv (Summer 1991): 453-73. Sees "Faulkner's development of the history of the South" as the "recurrent theme" tying the book together and building on the genealogies and various parallels.

1177.

Robinson, David W., and Caren J. Town. "'Who Dealt These Cards?' The Excluded Narrators of Go Down, Moses." Twentieth Century Literature 37, ii (Summer 1991): 192-206. Argues that the novel offers a "profound critique of patriarchy" and emphasizes the question of "who controls the narrative?"

1178.

Verich, Thomas M. "Go Down, Moses and Other Stories: A Preliminary Census of the Limited, Signed Edition of 100 Numbered Copies." Mississippi Quarterly 44, iii (Summer 1991): 337-45. Lists locations of the known copies of the one hundred printed.

1179.

Skidmore, Dorothy. "Isaac McCaslin: Faullcner's Alienated Hero." Bulletin of the West Virginia Association of College English Teachers 13, ii (Fall 1991): 123-31. Drawing on Joseph Campbell, discusses Ike's alienation from his society.

1180.

Cook, Eleanor. "Reading Typologically, for Example, Faulkner." American Literature 63, iv (December 1991): 693-7 11. On Faulkner's use of Biblical typology in the McCaslin-Beauchamp story and questioning of the "standard Pauline line of inheritance" as well as the "patriarchal line."

1181.

Wall, Carey. "Go Down, Moses: The Collective Action of Redress." Faulkner Journal 7, i-ii (Fall 1991-Spring 1992): 151-74.

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249

Drawing on the anthropology of Turner and Geertz, argues that Ike's renunciation is not fhtile but rather part of a collective action to diminish "white domination of black people." 1182.

Benoit, Raymond. "Archetype and Ecotones: The Tree in Faulkner's 'The Bear' and Irving's 'Rip Van Winkle."' Notes on Contemporary Literature 22, i (January 1992): 4-5. Compares the roles of the gum tree in Faulkner's story and the sycamore in Irving's.

1183.

Ho, Wen-ching. "Sex across the Color Line in Go Down, Moses." Studies in English Literature and Linguistics (Taiwan) 18 (May 1992): 29-49. Discusses the role of miscegenation in the novel, in comparison with Absalom.

1184.

Donaldson, Susan V. "Contending Narratives: Go Down, Moses and the Short Story Cycle." In Faulkner and the Short Story (#44; 1992), pp. 138-48. Discusses the tension between on the one hand the master patriarchal McCaslin narrative and the needs of a unified book and, on the other, the disruptive elements within each story, stories of resistance and discontinuity.

1185.

Brinkmeyer, Robert M., Jr. "Go Down, Moses and the Aesthetic Imperative." In Faulkner and the Short Story (#44; 1992), pp. 206-28. Traces the influence of Christian asceticism on the character of Isaac. Sees Molly and Gavin as more effective and "empowered ascetics" albeit not ideals.

1186.

Weinstein, Philip M. "'He Came and Spoke for Me': Scripting Lucas Beauchamp's Three Lives." In Faulkner and the Short Story (#44; 1992), pp. 229-52. An expanded version is in "Race," Faulkner's Subject (#49; 1992)' pp. 42-8 1. Studies changes in the character of Lucas between the magazine stories, the novel, and then Intruder

Novels: Go Down,Moses with emphasis on Faulkner's skill at depicting the turmoil "that the notion of black can unleash in the white male mind." 1187.

Spikes, Michael P. "'Getting Ready' and The Bear: Bany Hannah's Misreading of William Faulkner." Notes on Mississippi Writers 25, i (January 1993): 37-50. Sees Hannah's story as a "defensive revision" of Faulkner's.

1188.

Kuwabara, Toshiro. "The Overall Narrative Movement of Go Down, Moses and the Use of Popular Narrative in 'Pantaloon in Black."' Studies in American Literature (Japan) 30 (February 1993): 57-74. Argues that the story is crucial to the pattern of the book, for it "blocks" and "undercuts" a reader's expectation of continuity and traditional heroic narrative, and so plays a role like that of the final story in the book.

1189.

Scholtmeijer, Marian. "Mythic Inflation and Historical Deflation in Faulkner's 'The Bear."' Animal Victims in Modern Fiction: From Sanctity to Sacr@ce. Toronto: U of Toronto P, 1993, pp. 249-57. Argues that while "Faulkner loves myth and mourns the collapse of myth into history," and also "seeks virtue in virility," he also with sadness and irony articulates the impossibility of the myth in the present.

1190.

Watson, Jay. "The Emergence of the Lawyer-Citizen: Gavin Stevens." Forensic Fictions (#54; 1993), pp. 76108. On the development of Stevens as a character from early stories through this novel, where he is handled with ambivalence for his blindness but sympathetically for his humanity.

1191.

Ladd, Barbara. "'Father to No One': Gender, Genealogy, and Storytelling in Go Down, Moses." llha do Desterro: A Journal of Language and Literature 30, ii (1993): 4763.

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25 1

Reconsiders the importance of Cass, the one descending from the distaff side of the family. Unlike Isaac, he is one who "appropriates and revises tradition" and "whose capacities for revision are not subverted by the repressive demands" of a patrilineal genealogy 1192.

Tribak, Mabila. "Money, Incest, and the Double in Faulkner's Go Down, Moses." Letterature d'America: Rivista Trimestrale 13, No. 50 (1993): 89-103.

1193.

Ford, Dan. "'He Was Talking about Truth': Faulkner in Pursuit of the Old Verities." In Rewriting the South (#52; 1993), pp. 3 17-23. Discusses Faulkner's concern with an artistic time, suggested by Keats's urn, as against a historical time with all its horrors.

1194.

Ross, Stephen M. "Thick-Tongued Fiction: Julia Peterkin and Some Implications of the Dialect Tradition." In Faulkner, His Contemporaries, and His Posterity (#56; 1993), pp. 229-44. Compares Faulkner's use of dialect with Peterkin's.

1195.

O'Donnell, Patrick. "Remarking Bodies: Divagations of Morrison from Faulkner." In Faulkner, His Contemporaries, and His Posterity (#56; 1993), pp. 322-27. On intertextuality between this book and Beloved, both deeply concerned with "identity."

1196.

Rogers, Gary W. "Faulkner's Native Americans: Reflections in Ike McCaslin." Literatur in Wissenschaji und Unterricht 26, iii (1993): 193-201. Argues that despite his attempt to take on "Indian values" and his "emulation of Jesus," Ike fails, and his failure is, in a larger sense, a failure of all humanity.

1197.

Kleppe, Sandra Lee. "Elements of the Carnivalesque in Faulkner's 'Was."' Mississippi Quarterly 46, iii (Summer 1993): 437-45.

I

Novels: Go Down, Moses

Uses Bakhtin's idea of "carnival" to understand the purpose of the story's bizarre humor tied to the "bleak reality" faced by the black characters. 1198.

Dickerson, Mary Jane. "Toward Self-Possession: Women in Go Down, Moses." Women's Studies 22, iv (September 1993): 4 17-27. Considers the role of the marginalized and subjugated women in this "patriarchal novel," in which Faulkner does open up "a space for alternate readings" as the women "strain to break out of the pages that silence them."

1199.

Fowler, Doreen. "The Nameless Women of Faulkner's Go Down, Moses." Women's Studies 22, iv (September 1993): 525-32. Discusses the implications of "the great majority of female characters" being "nameless" in this "quintessential patriarchal novel."

1200.

Watson, Neil. "The 'Incredibly Loud . . . Miss-fire7: A Sexual Reading of Go Down, Moses." Faulkner Journal 9, i-ii (Fall 1993-Spring 1994): 113-23. Explores why heterosexual relationships are "so problematized, and eventually unworkable" in the novel, and argues that the book illustrates "the recognition of the subtext of homoerotic desire that underlies a male-dominated cultural exchange" and an "allmale cultural subjectivity."

1201.

Harris, Paul A. "Fractal Faulkner: Scaling Time in Go Down, Moses." Poetics Today 14, iv (Winter 1993): 62551. Building on ideas of Hugh Kenner and Gilles Deleuze, interprets the novel within "a conceptual framework for narrative time derived from the philosophical implications of fractal geometry and Ilya Prigogine's work in 'chaos theory."'

1202.

Gray, Richard. "Things Fall Apart: Go Down, Moses." The Life of William Faulkner (#59; 1994), pp. 271-89.

Novels: Go Down,Moses

253

Argues that the strengths and weaknesses of the novel are tied to Faulkner's connecting of the themes of race and wilderness, and that Faulkner is never certain about his view of Ike. 1203.

Taylor, Nancy Dew. Annotations to Faulkner's Go Down, Moses (#65; 1994).

1204.

Blotner, Joseph, and Noel Polk, eds. Novels, 1942-1954. New York: Library of America, 1994. An authoritative edition with notes by the editors.

1205.

Roberts, Diane. "The Yoknapatawpha Mammy." Faulkner and Southern Womanhood (#63; 1994), pp. 48-57. Also "'Amalgamation Is Incest': The Tragic Mulatto in Go Down, Moses," pp. 79-89. The first section discusses Molly as a "Mammy" figure but also one who undermines the stereotype by being a complex "embodiment of the erotic and familial involvement of black and white in Faulkner's South." The second focuses on Eunice, Tomasina, and the women in "Delta Autumn" as Faulkner's treatment and revisions of the traditional "tragic mulatta" figure.

1206.

Longenbach, John. "Leaving Things Out." Southwest Review 79, iv (Autumn 1994): 574-99. Uses this book as an example of how modernist writers manage how much information is given to the reader.

1207.

Liu, Xian. "Echoing 'Pantaloon in Black' in Chinese." Faulkner Journal 10, i (Fall 1994): 57-74. An analysis of the "first Chinese translation" of the story, this also studies the general problem of capturing features like stylistic effects and social levels of dialect in a translation.

1208.

Ladd, Barbara. "'Too Positive a Shape Not to Be Hurt': Go Down, Moses, History and the Woman Artist in Eu-

Novels: Go Down, Moses dora Welty's The Golden Apples." Bucknell Review 39, i (1995): 79-103. Argues that Welty's book is "an intriguing, and powerful, subversion of the patriarchal aesthetic that govems" Faulkner's book. Welty decenters "a privileged and masculine version of History" and embraces "the possibilities, rather than the horrors, of sexual, domestic, and literary transgressions." 1209.

Martin, Terence. Parables of Possibility: The American Needfor Beginnings. New York: Columbia UP, 1995, pp. 109-14, 157-60. Discusses Ike, like Huck Finn and Natty Bumppo, as a good example of "the negative character in American fiction," one who measures "the world in which we live by the worlds in which they are unable to live."

1210.

Meeter, Glenn. "Molly's Vision: Lost Cause Ideology and Genesis in Faulkner's Go Down, Moses." Faulkner and Ideologv (#72; 1995), pp. 277-96. Traces Faulkner's use of Genesis stories and the role of Molly as a prophet, a kind of Rachel "who not only weeps for her children but establishes their claim to a future in their land."

1211.

Rowe, John Carlos. "The African-American Voice in Faulkner's Go Down, Moses." In The Modern Short Story Sequence: Composite Fictions and Fictive Communities. Ed. J . Gerald Kennedy. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1995, pp. 76-97. Studies the tension between "Ike McCaslin's myth and the stories of the African Americans," actually between Ike's and the author's voices and between Ike's and the repressed but emerging black voices.

1212.

Westling, Louise. "Women, Landscape, and the Legacy of Gilgamesh in Absalom, Absalom! and Go Down, Moses." Mississippi Quarterly 48, iii (Summer 1995): 501-21.

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255

Considers Faulkner's continuing identification of the female with the land and argues that Faulkner provides "only the bleakest resolution for the dilemma of man's betrayal" of the landscape or of masculine treatment of women. 1213.

Bedard, Brian. "The Real Meaning of William Faulkner's 'The Bear."' South Dakota Review 34, i (Spring 1996): 35. A humorous piece on a story with thousands of interpretations.

1214.

Peters, John G. "Repudiation, Wilderness, Birthright: Reconciling Conflicting Views of Faulkner's Ike McCaslin." English Language Notes 33, iii (March 1996): 39-46. Reviews conflicts in critical discussions of Ike and sees his real failure as the inability to make good decisions.

1215.

Ozdemir, Erinq. "The Thematic and Structural Function of Time in William Faulkner's 'The Bear."' Journal of American Studies in Turkey 3 (Spring 1996): 95-105. Sees the story as emphasizing time "as theme, or conceptual reality, and as narrative element, or structural configuration," and argues that the story "is an embodiment of the quest to comprehend the meaning of time," presenting memory as the "agent that gives significance to human life."

1216.

Arnold, David L. "'There Is No Such Thing as Was."' Journal of Narrative Technique 26, ii (Spring 1996): 17286. Emphasizes the first story's role in destabilizing the historical material that is later at the center of the book, and also covers the mixture of pastoral comedy with black comedy.

1217.

Geoffioy-Tribak, Nabila. "The Image of the Trickster in Faulkner's Go Down, Moses." Letterature diimerica: Rivista Trimestrale 16, No. 65 (1996): 137-57.

Novels: Go Down,Moses Says that the tradition of the African American trickster informs the characters of Turl, Lucas, Rider (tragically), and Percival Brownlee. 1218.

Vatanpour, Sina. "Racial Difference and Money of a Darker Shade." Letterature d'America: Rivista Trimestrale 16, No. 65 (1996): 159-74. On the intersection of economic and racial tensions in the novel.

1219.

Wagner-Martin, Linda, ed. New Essays on Go Down, Moses (#90; 1996).

1220.

Matthews, John T. "Touching Race in Go Down, Moses." In New Essays on Go Down, Moses (#90; 1996), pp. 2147. Considers the connection between "economic exploitation and racial oppression" in the South of this novel, and shows that by "prefacing the wilderness trilogy with a plantation trilogy, Faulkner brilliantly demonstrates the continuity of their logic."

1221.

Wittenberg, Judith Bryant. "Go Down, Moses and the Discovery of Environmentalism." In New Essays on Go Down, Moses (#90; 1996), pp. 49-7 1. Studies environmental themes in the context of the environment-related discourse of the 1930s and 1940s and the writings of people like George Perkins Marsh and Aldo Leopold.

1222.

Gwin, Minrose. "Her Shape, His Hand: The Spaces of African-American Women in Go Down, Moses." In New Essays on Go Down, Moses (#90; 1996), pp. 73-100. Discusses "how Africanistfemale narrative and character hnction in a text written by a white southern male" about their exploitation. Argues that Ike cannot envision a black female subjectivity "outside the space of bound blackness."

Novels: Go Down,Moses 1223.

257

Sensibar, Judith L. "Who Wears the Mask? Memory, Desire, and Race in G o Down, Moses." In New Essays on Go Down, Moses (#90; 1996), pp. 10 1-27. Argues that in a book that "offers the clearest genealogy of its author's own racial unconscious," the story of Rider has "a coded poetics" through which Faulkner articulates "his vision of the racial politics of his culture." Davis, Thadious M. "The Game of Courts: G o Down, Moses, Arbitrary Legalities, and Compensatory Boundaries." In New Essays on Go Down, Moses (#90; 1996), pp. 129-54. Starting from "Was" and Tomey's Turl, argues that "two competing narratives" run through the book, one of legality (property and ownership), the other of games (masculine sport and social ritual).

1225.

Kinney, Arthur F. Go Down, Moses: The Miscegenation of Time (#84; 1996).

1226.

Weinstein, Philip M. "Mister: The Drama of Black Manhood in Faulkner and Morrison." In Faulkner and Gender (#82; 1996), pp. 273-96. Also in What Else But Love? (#91; 1996), pp. 87-103. Considers the concept of manhood tied both to the title "Mister," traditionally unavailable to southern black males, and ownership of property including one's self. Moore, Gene M. "From Regional Bears to National Myths: The Rewriting of William Faulkner." In 'Writing' Nation and 'Writing' Region in America. Ed. Theo D'haen and Hans Bertens. Amsterdam: VUUP, 1996, pp. 139-44. Sees Faulkner's rise to Nobel stature as tied to his efforts to expand his themes from a regional to a national level in the 1940s.

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1228.

Weinstein, Philip M. "'The Condition Our Condition Is In': Bedrock in Go Down, Moses and Song of Solomon." What Else But Love? (#91; 1996)' pp. 135-44. Reads Morrison's novel as in part a "reprise" of Faulkner's, focusing on the contrast between Ike's rite of passage and Milkman's, which leaves him with no pastoral refuge.

1229.

Llewellyn, Dara. "Waves of Time in Faulkner's Go Down, Moses." Studies in Short Fiction 33, iv (Fall 1996): 497-5 13. Argues that Faulkner's strategy of moving readers back and forth through time, to increase the "resonance" in reading, is a key to the book and works differently in a short story composite than in a novel.

1230.

Wang, Jennie. "Romantic Love and Its Repudiation of Cultural Legacy: Faulkner's Silver Horn in 'Delta Autumn."' Short Story 4, ii (Fall 1996): 85-102. Rethinks the meaning of Ike's passing on the horn to the woman, a horn that perhaps should go to young Roth, who has forfeited his right to it, a horn that with the woman becomes a kind of "torch of liberty."

1231.

Kleppe, Sandra Lee. "The Curse of God in Faulkner's Go Down, Moses." Literature and Theology 10, iv (December 1996): 361-69. Considers religious motifs, the role of the myth of God's curse, and influences on Isaac, whose renunciation in a Christian interpretation is "escapism," but "in a Stoic interpretation it is a dignified act of resignation."

1232.

Schreiber, Evelyn Jaffe. "'Old Carothers' Doomed and Fatal Blood': The Layers of the Ledgers in Go Down, Moses." Faulkner Journal 12, ii (Spring 1997): 87-88. Suggests that the racial sins go back to Old Carothers's father.

1233.

Br~gger,Fredrik Chr. "Do You Love Nature If You Fear Her Body? Style, Narrative Perspective, and the Southern

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Wilderness in Faulkner's 'The Bear."' Nordlit 1 (Spring 1997): 165-84. Beginning with the copulation scene and emphasizing connections in the story between thematics of sex and wilderness, this argues that the story is more ironic than pastoral, that Ike is complicit in the abuse of nature and women and blacks, and that the story probes "the paradox that those who profess the deepest love for the Southern wilderness" are the ones "complicit in its destruction." 1234.

Meyer, William E. H. "Emerson Dines on Bear: Or, the Eradication of Nature in Faulkner's South." Southern Literary Journal 29, ii (Spring 1997): 32-44. Considers Faulkner's attempts to recapture a lost wilderness and natural world in the contexts of both naturalism and the Old South.

1235.

Godden, Richard. "Agricultural Adjustment, Revenants, Remnants, and Counter-Revolution in Faulkner's 'The Fire and the Hearth."' Faulkner Journal 12, ii (Spring 1997): 41-55. Discusses the change in Lucas from a radical perspective to a "counter-revolutionary revisionism" and a "recommitment to internalized dependency."

1236.

Grant, Rosemary Bradford. "The Concept of Space as It Relates to the Self in Faulkner's The Bear." Teaching Faulkner, No. 11 (Spring-Summer 1997): 5-6.

1237.

Crabtree, Claire. "Interior Frontiers in Faulkner's 'The Bear' and Toni Morrison's 'Beloved. "' B.A.S.: British and American Studies, 1997, pp. 132-38. On their treatment of the wilderness as frontier.

1238.

Atkinson, Stephen. "Constructing History in Go Down, Moses and Beloved A Critical and Pedagogical Perspective." Publications of the Missouri Philological Association 22 (1997): 21-27. A comparative study of two books that cause "initial confusion," require struggling readers "to piece to-

Novels: Go Down, Moses gether the narrative past," and to m a k m r create"their own discoveries." 1239.

Fowler, Doreen. "Renouncing the Phallus in Go Down, Moses." Faulkner (#94; 1997), pp. 128-66. A Lacanian reading that revolves around Ike's renunciation of the place of the father, both when he will not kill Old Ben and when he gives up his patrimony.

1240.

Singal, Daniel J. "Diminished Powers: The Writing of Go Down, Moses." William Faulkner (# 102; 1997), pp. 25683. Sees this as the pivotal work between Faulkner's strong modernist phase and weaker final phase; says the parts do not make a whole, and Ike's character is inconsistent.

1241.

Vandenverken, David L. "The Anachronistic Childhood of Isaac McCaslin." Faulkner's Literary Children (#104; 1997), pp. 85-101. On Ike as someone who "makes a career out of remaining a child," who, in Erikson's terms, "chooses isolation and stagnation over intimacy and generativity."

1242.

Gray, Richard. "Across the Great Divide: Race and Revision in Go Down, Moses." In William Faulkner S Short Fiction (#103; 1997), pp. 185-93. Focusing on "The Fire and the Hearth" and "Pantaloon in Black," discusses the challenges Faulkner had revising magazine stories while achieving a unity of effect.

1243.

Bockting, Ineke. "Whiteness and the Love of Color: The Development of a Theme in Faulkner's Go Down, Moses." In William Faulkner 's Short Fiction (# 103; 1997), pp. 197-211. Emphasizing the impact of racism on southern whites, focuses on "The Fire and the Hearth" and connections with Lillian Smith's fiction.

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26 1

1244.

Kleppe, Sandra Lee. "Reconstructing Faulkner's 'Pantaloon in Black."' In William Faulkner's Short Fiction (#103; 1997), pp. 212-21. Studies the story as a key part of the success of the novel, arguing that it "is unique for its sustained exploration of the consciousness and humanity of a black character."

1245.

Minter, David. "Faukner's Imagination and the Logic of Reiteration: The Case of 'The Old People."' In William Faulkner 's Short Fiction (#103; 1997), pp. 230-43. Revised for Faulkner 's Questioning Narratives (# 135 ; 2001)' pp. 129-43. Studies revisions of the magazine stories as a way to understanding Faulkner's "reiterative imagination," which thrived on telling "contending stories" of the same material, turning fragments into larger wholes and using repetition with modification.

1246.

Wang, Jennie. "Romantic Love as an Antithesis to the Epic: Faulkner's Go Down, Moses." Novelistic Love in the Platonic Tradition (# 106; 1997), pp. 135-92. Puts Faulkner into a Tory and a Platonic tradition albeit with, by the 1930s, "a postmodern historical consciousness." Sees in this novel a "model of romantic love as an antithesis to the epic," while "epic love is the capitalist mode of love" and romantic love "a negation of the ideology of capitalism."

1247.

MacKethan, Lucinda H. "The Grandfather Clause: Reading the Legacy from 'The Bear' to Song of Solomon." In Unflinching Gaze (#98; 1997), pp. 99-1 14. Argues that while both novels deal with "the reading of texts centered on the past," Morrison creatively misreads and revises Faulkner, parodies him, or shifts the direction of his text. Her stories "insist on expanding the possibilities of language" whereas Faulkner is more fatalistic.

1248.

Rowe, John Carlos. "The African-American Voice: William Faulkner's Go Down, Moses." At Emerson's Tomb:

Novels: Go Down,Moses The Politics of Classic American Literature. New York: Columbia UP, 1997, pp. 222-46. Emphasizes the "radical disunity" that results from "Faulkner's ultimate inability to grant his AfricanAmerican characters the independent voices he knows they must have in a truly New South." 1249.

Schreiber, Evelyn Jaffe. "Imagined Edens and Lacan's Lost Object: The Wilderness and Subjectivity in Faulkner's Go Down, Moses." Mississippi Quarterly 50, iii (Summer 1997): 477-92. Revised as "Patriarchy and Male Subjectivity" for Subversive Voices (#137; 2001), pp. 2237. A Lacanian study arguing that "Ike's struggle to sustain his identity . . . reflects the conflict between the individual and society that the paradox of democracy creates." Ike's "freedom is an illusion because his object of desire is an arbitrary attachment from which he can separate only at the price of his consistency of being."

1250.

Wallach, Rick. "Moby Bear: Thematic and Structural Concordances between William Faulkner's 'The Bear' and Herman Melville's Moby Dick." Southern Literary Journal 30, i (Fall 1997): 43-54. An intertextual study emphasizing the hunt, the metaphor of relinquishment, "trust versus blind obedience" and discovery.

1251.

Hoffinann, Gerhard. "Myth, Ideology, Symbol and Faulkner's Modernism/Postmodernism in Go Down, Moses." Amerikastudien 42, iv (1997): 661-78. Considers the mythic dimensions in several frameworks, such as Cassirer's and Levi-Strauss's, but also in terms of modernist and postmodern elements in Faulkner's writing.

1252.

Banerjee, Supurna. "Black vs. White and New vs. Old in Go Down, Moses." Teaching Faulkner, No. 13 (SpringSummer 1998): 3-4.

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1253.

Balhorn, Mark. "Paper Representations of the NonStandard Voice." Visible Language 32, i (1998): 56-74. On variations in black and white dialect used in the book.

1254.

Porter, Eleanor. "Faulkner and the American Nature Tradition." In Faulkner: Achievement and Endurance (#112; 1998), pp. 176-96. Ties Faulknerys ambivalence toward the natural world to his assumption of the Enlightenment sense of the intrinsic separation of man from nature. Compares Faulkner with Bany Lopez.

1255.

Yang, Suying. "Verbal Forms and Narrative Effects in G o Down, Moses." In Faulkner: Achievement and Endurance (#112; 1998), pp. 305-18. A stylistic study of the impact on "the control of the progress of time" and "establishment of narrative viewpoint" of the interactions of "verbal morphology and verbs of different types."

1256.

Kinney, Arthur F. "Faullcner and the Problematics of Procreation." Connotations 8, iii (1 998- 1999): 325-37. On Lucas and the thematics tied to miscegenation dramatized through him in the novel.

1257.

Polk, Noel. "'How the negros became McCaslins too . . .': A New Faulkner Letter." Southern Cultures 5, iii (1999): 103-8. A 1942 letter in which Faulkner commented on the ledger excerpts in "The Bear."

1258.

Skei, Hans. Reading Faulkner's Best Short Stories (#122; 1999), pp. 124-35. Emphasizes the way Rider's story shows a man "capable of grief and sorrow" which no one else understands or "has experience enough to handle."

1259.

Buell, Laurence. "Faulkner and the Claims of the Natural World." In Faulkner and the Natural World (# 118; 1999), pp. 1-18.

Novels: Go Down, Moses

Shows that "environmental history can illuminate Faulkner's fiction," in particular this novel. Relates Faulkner's revisions of the manuscript to new perspectives on the wilderness and on race. 1260.

Evans, David H. "Taking the Place of Nature: 'The Bear' and the Incarnation of America." In Faulkner and the Natural World (# 118; 1999), pp. 179-97. Argues that Ike does not really choose the natural or transcendent, but invents a cultural definition of a natural world and moves in "a specifically American myth of special epistemological privilege and redemptive mission."

1261.

Prewitt, Wiley C., Jr. "Return of the Big Woods: Hunting and Habitat in Yoknapatawpha." In Faulkner and the Natural World (# 1 18; 1999), pp. 198-221. Places "Faulkner's hunting stories within the changing environmental context of his locale and his lifetime." Focuses on the growth of small fanns and reduction of forests and large game, a pattern later reversed.

1262.

Hen, Judy. "Sir Gawain and the 'Slain Wolf: Sir Gawain and the Green Knight as Guidebook to 'GO Down, Moses."' In William Faulkner: A Centennial Tribute (# 119; 1999)' pp. 2 17-24. On similarities between the poem and this book's final story.

1263.

Samway, Patrick. Introduction to "Lucas Beauchamp: An Unpublished Story." Virginia Quarterly Review 75, iii (Summer 1999): 417-37. An unpublished manuscript.

1264.

Peek, Charles A. "Teaching Faulkner's G o Down, Moses." Teaching Faulkner, No. 16 (Spring 2000): 9- 10.

1265.

Peek, Charles A. "Adjusting the Apocrypha: The Thirties and Faulkner's Radical Critique of 'The Old Plantation."' Arkansas Review 3 1, i (April 2000): 16-20.

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On Faulkner's changing perception of caste, class, and plantation myth. 1266.

Ginds, Montserrat. "Faulkner and the Quixotic Utopia." The Southern Inheritors of Don Quhote. Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State UP, 2000, pp. 105-23. On Ike's quixotic repudiation of his tainted estate, handled by Faulkner with critical irony but also some admiration. Also emphasizes the South's "immoderate worship of the past" and myths of a golden past.

1267.

Portelli, Alessandro. "Females of Both Sexes, or, Remember Percival Brownlee: Homophobic Language in Faulkner's 'The Bear."' In William Faulkner in Venice (#127; 2000), pp. 159-66. On the use of Brownlee to "inject into the text an aura of sexual ambiguity" that connects illicit sexuality with the curses of slavery and property as well as miscegenation and incest.

1268.

Masiero Marcolin, Pia. "Naming Deferrals in Go Down, Moses." In William Faulkner in Venice (#127; 2000), pp. 239-50. On the "strategic manipulation of first namings" of characters, deferrals in each story except "Was."

1269.

Watson, James G. "Old Moster." William Faulkner (#132; 2000), pp. 172-208. Discusses self-presentation, performance, and deeply imbedded personal issues in this novel and others. Sees personal ties to both Ike and Lucas, as well as a continuing obsession with "fathers" that invites comparison with Hawthorne.

1270.

Davis, Thadious M. "Race Cards: Trumping and Troping in Constructing Whiteness." In Faulkner at 100 (#126; 2000), pp. 165-79. Focuses on Faulkner's "construction of race," particularly of whiteness. Says that in this book the "construction of whiteness" is tied to "the dispersal

Novels: Go Down, Moses of Tomey's Turl's descendents." Puts Turl at the center of this reading. 1271.

Nicolaisen, Peter. "Heritage and History in Go Down, Moses." In Naissances de Faulkner (#125; 2000), pp. 107-1 1. Explores Faulkner's use of "blood" within the context of "the ideological debates" of his day about blood, race, and heredity.

1272.

Kinney, Arthur F. "Teaching Go Down, Moses: 'Was,' Faulkner's 'Nigger Stories,' and Now." In Teaching Faulkner (#134; 2001), pp. 131-36. Suggests beginning with a close examination of "Was," whose themes recur throughout the book.

1273.

Frochlich, Peter Alan. "Teaching 'The Bear' as an Artifact of Frontier Mythology." In Teaching Faulkner (# 134; 2001), pp. 137-49. On the rewards of teaching about cultural myth and the myth of the frontier through this story.

1274.

Rio-Jelliffe, R. "Structure and Meaning in Go Down, Moses." Obscurity 's Myriad Components (# 136; 200 1), pp. 132-48. Sorts out the controversies over the book's structure through an emphasis on Faulkner's revisions and the paragraphs about Ike that are put before the start of the first story.

1275.

Wagner-Martin, Linda. "Go Down, Moses: Faulkner's Interrogation of the American Dream." In Faulkner in America (#139; 2001), pp. 136-52. Arguing that the book undermines a smug liberal reading, considers its thoughthl engagement with the American Dream and history.

1276.

Tebbetts, Terrell L. "'I'm the Man Here': Go Down, Moses and Masculine Identity." In Faulkner and Postmodernism (# 142; 2002), pp. 8 1-94.

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Focuses on ways in which the novel characterizes male identity (Ike, Roth, Rider, Lucas), often with tension between a modernist assumption of there being a core identity and a postmodern restriction of identity to "relational identity." 1277.

Zender, Karl F. "Lucas Beauchamp's Choices." Faulkner and the Politics of Reading (#147; 2002), pp. 75-98. Also included in Faulkner in the Twenty-First Century (#150; 2003), pp. 119-36. Sees Lucas's regard for Old Carothers and appropriation of his voice more positively than as a passive and obsequious ventriloquism.

1278.

Palmer, Louis H., 111. "Articulating the Cyborg: An Impure Model for Environmental Revolution." In The Greening of Literaty Scholarship: Literature, Theoty, and the Environment. Ed. Steven Rosendale and Scott Slovic. Iowa City, IA: U of Iowa P, 2002, pp. 165-77. Uses "The Bear" as an example in developing a "Cyborg model" for environmental readings of literature.

1279.

Urgo, Joseph R. "Multiculturalism as Nostalgia in Cather, Faulkner, and U.S. Culture." In Willa Cather and the American Southwest. Ed. John N . Swift and Joseph R. Urgo. Lincoln, NE: U of Nebraska P, 2002, pp. 136-49. Compares Ike with Cather's Jean Latour in relation to a multiculturalism that "is the product of a universal nostalgia for nativity," trying to repudiate and transcend both ledgers and memories.

1280.

Bleikasten, AndrC. "Faulkner's Restless Maturity: Go Down, Moses." In Faulkner's Maturity (#140; 2002), pp. 65-67. An introduction to several papers, this calls the novel "a sustained meditation on the legacies of Southern as well as American history."

1281.

Fujihira, Ikuko. "The Laugh of Isaac's Wife: Women's Un-Marriage in Go Down, Moses." In Faulkner 's Maturity (#140; 2002), pp. 69-76.

Novels: G o Down, Moses Emphasizing Isaac's wife, Miss Sophonsiba, and the Delta woman, this discusses how women "subvert the institution of marriage by challenging male domination." 1282.

Hiraishi, Takaki. "'Mammy' as Faulkner's Repressed Mother: Molly Beauchamp's Genealogy." In Faulkner's Maturity (#140; 2002), pp. 77-84. Traces patterns in Faulkner's treatment of black "mammy" figures and sees in this novel his most honest attempt to deal with his ambiguous and "complexly repressed" feelings toward Caroline Barr and the "mammy-child relationship."

1283.

Bockting, Ineke. "Look Lack Ah Just Cant Quit: Suicidal Behavior and Aggression in Faulkner's 'Pantaloon in Black."' In Faulkner's Maturity (#140; 2002), pp. 85-92. Attempts "close narratological and stylistic analysis" of the story, "comparing Rider to other suicidal characters" of Faulkner, to understand better "Rider's desperate self-destructive act" and its place in Faulkner's fiction.

1284.

Moulinoux, Nicole. "The Remainder of Language in 'Pantaloon in Black."' In Faulkner's Maturity (#140; 2002)' pp. 93-98. Argues that despite attempts to integrate the story into the novel, it remains outside, "an additional text, saturated with residual voices, which authorize Faulkner's private voice to emerge as deeply perturbed," a story with bits and pieces from various traditions and sources, using almost "a pre-oedipal vernacular distinct from" the rest of the discourse.

1285.

Lahey, Michael. "Bodily Signs: Narratizing Race and Mourning in 'Pantaloon in Black."' In Faulkner's Maturity (# 140; 2002), pp. 99- 106. Discusses the recursive two-part structure, separating "the politically transfonnative emotional power of Rider's spectacle of grief' from the deputy's puzzled, obtuse, yet questioning review of the homicide and

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lynching, and sees the story as "a critically neglected narrative challenge." 1286.

Masiero Marcolin, Pia. "Denied Legacies: Tomey's Turl." In Faulkner 's Maturity (#140; 2002)' pp. 107-14. Studies "the dynamics of the negotiation of Lucas Beauchamp's identity in genealogical and onomastic terms," and implications of "McCaslin" and "Beauchamp," and concluding that away "from Tomey Turl's legacy," Lucas "cannot possibly be considered the celebration of a black man."

1287.

Mamoli Zorzi, Rosella. "William Faulkner's and Aldo Leopold's Theories of the Land in 'The Bear': A Coincidence?' In Faulkner 's Maturity (#140; 2002)' pp. 115-21. Finds a convergence of ideas about the natural world in the two writers.

1288.

Godden, Richard, and Noel Polk. "Reading the Ledgers." Mississippi Quarterly 55, iii (Summer 2002): 301-59. Rethinks the ledger section of "The Bear," arguing that Isaac constructs a narrative to suit his own needs with L. Q. C. McCaslin as villain. Emphasizes the Percival Brownlee entries in connection with the Buck-Buddy relationship.

1289.

Welling, Bart H. "A Meeting with Old Ben: Seeing and Writing Nature in Faulkner's Go Down, Moses.'' Mississippi Quarterly 55, iv (Fall 2002): 46 1-96. Considers the book in the context of recent ecocriticism and also Faulkner's personal problems around 1940. Sees it as "a performative initiation for readers in the art of modernist writing and interpretation."

1290.

Castor, Laura. "Hunting History and Myth in Linda Hogan's Power and William Faulkner's 'The Bear."' Nordlit 12 (Fall 2002): 37-48. Compares two novels about encroachment on the wilderness, a large endangered animal, and Native Americans.

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270 1291.

Heyde, William A., 111. "The Commedia dellilrte of Faulkner: Tragi-Comedy and Comi-Tragedy in 'Pantaloon in Black."' Teaching Faulkner, No. 20 (Fall 2002): 1-4.

1292.

Lawson, Benjamin S. "The Man Who Killed the Deer: Faulkner and Frank Waters." Faulkner Journal 18, i-ii (Fall 2002-Spring 2003): 179-90. Compares Faulkner's book with another 1942 novel using the hunt "as a dramatic device," Waters's The Man Who Killed the Deer: A Novel of Pueblo Indian Life.

1293.

Caster, Peter. "Go Down, Moses [and Other Stories]: Bibliography as a Novel Approach to a Question of Genre." Papers of the Bibliographical Society of America 96, iv (December 2002): 509- 19. Addresses the issue of "novel" or "set of stories" in terms of the "relationship between aesthetics and economics" including the sales history.

1294.

Davis, Thadious M. Games of Property: Law, Race, Gender, and Faulkner 's Go Down, Moses (#148; 2003).

1295.

Long, Kim Martin. "William Faulkner's Male Myth: The Bear (1942)" In Women in Literature: Reading through the Lens of Gender. Ed. Jerilyn Fisher and Eileen S. Silber. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2003, pp. 29-3 l. A brief overview, emphasizing the roles of women.

1296.

Cohen, Tom. "Trackings." In Acts of Narrative. Ed. Carol Jacobs and Henry Sussman. Stanford, CA: Stanford UP, 2003, pp. 110-29. Referencing Hillis Miller's comments on ideology and narrative form in Faulkner, this deconstructive essay focuses on the novel's "narrative of escape and return as a doomed hermeneutic ritual" with "Was" as a key text.

1297.

Abernathy, Jeff. "Dirty Books for Yankees: William Faulkner and Elizabeth Spencer Respond to Southern Un-

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27 1

rest." To Hell and Back: Race and Betrayal in the Southern Novel. Athens, GA: U of Georgia P, 2003, pp. 54-83. On this novel and Intruder as books that show the at times agonizing tension in Faulkner (and other writers) between enlightened liberalism on race and the continuing influence of their southern heritage. 1298.

Dussere, Erik. "Accounting for Slavery: The Narrative of the Ledger." Balancing the Books (#149; 2003), pp. 1336. Explores the multiple meanings of "accounting for slavery" and its legacy, the stories told in ledgers with their "accounting language." Also focuses on the theme of "the failure of white male selfhood" and complications of the African American's entry into the marketplace.

1299.

Aboul-Ela, Hosam. "The Political Economy of Southern Race: G o Down, Moses, Spatial Inequality, and the Color Line." Mississippi Quarterly 57, i (Winter 2003-2004): 55-64. Comments on the novel in the context of considering "spatial inequalities" in developing a postcolonial notion of a comprehensive "Literature of the Americas."

1300.

Peters, John G. "Dr. Blair Does 'The Bear,' or How Hugh Blair Might Have Survived an Encounter with 'The Bear' in Faulkner's Wilderness." Southern Studies 11, i-ii (Spring 2004): 11-15. Plays with possible responses of the rhetorician to Faulkner's prose.

1301.

Weatherby, H. L. "Faulkner's Wilderness." In Place in American Fiction: Excursions and Explorations. Ed. H. L. Weatherby and George Core. Columbia, MO: U of Missouri P, 2004, pp. 85-96. Insists on the importance of Faulkner's sense of "the spiritual implications of these stories and of the wilderness."

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1302.

Kleppe, Sandra Lee. "Faulkner, Welty, and the Short Story Composite." In The Art of Brevity: Excursions in Short Fiction Theory and Analysis. Ed. Per Winther, Jakob Lethe, and Hans H. Skei. Columbia, SC: U of South Carolina P, 2004, pp. 172-80. Compares this book with The Golden Apples and calls both examples of the "short story confederacy."

1303.

Rueckert, William H. "Curing the Work of Time." Faulknerflom Within (#160; 2004), pp. 159-258. The central chapter in Rueckert's book, this emphasizes the major black characters as attempts by Faulkner, and by characters, to individualize and humanize African Americans beyond stereotypes, which get adopted by blacks also. Also sees Ike as a necessary transitional figure for Faulkner, making possible his later generative figures.

1304.

Cohen, Tom. "'Trackings': Faulkner, Nietzsche, and the Question of the Animal in Post-Humanist American Studies." In Animal Magic: Essays on Animals in the American Imagination. Ed. Jopi Nyman and Carol Smith. Joensuu, Finland: University of Joensuu, 2004, pp. 151-65. Sees the book and its critics as propagating outdated hermeneutics and rituals, that perhaps like the privileged "institution" of literature will soon be archived and retired. Similar to #1296.

1305.

Hbnnighausen, Lothar. "The Three Old Men in Faulkner's Go Down, Moses." In Old Age and Ageing in British and American Culture and Literature. Ed. Christa Jansohn. Milnster, Germany: LIT Verlag, 2004, pp. 137-54. Sees Lucas, Sam, and Isaac as three old men with a "peculiar authenticity as old men," a new element in Faulkner's fiction. They "serve as catalysts for three different although overlapping impulses."

1306.

Adamson, Joseph. "Struggling Brothers: Recognition and Mkconnaissance, Affect and Script in Go Down, Moses." In Misrecognition, Race and the Real in Faulkner's Fiction (#166; 2004), pp. 17-38.

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A Lacanian study also drawing on Silvan Tomkins's theories of "scripts" and of affects being a basis for character and personality. Focuses on Lucas's demand for recognition as a person and on Ike's relinquishment of his heritage in his "decontamination script" that is also a "fundamental denial" of reality. 1307.

Duvall, John N. "Was Ike Black? Avuncular Racechange in Go Down, Moses." In Misrecognition, Race and the Real in Faulkner 's Fiction (#166; 2004), pp. 39-5 1. Argues that Ike is one of those characters, like Popeye, who plays a role tied to "blackness," in part due to his "failure to enact the scripts of white Southern masculine identity."

1308.

Eddy, Charmaine. "The Subject of Race: Imaginary Whiteness in Go Down, Moses." In Misrecognition, Race and the Real in Faulkner's Fiction (#166; 2004), pp. 5364. Focusing on "Was" and "Pantaloon in Black," this deals with racial boundaries and argues that the latter story "positions the black body in relation to a white social imaginary" and explores "the ambiguous and paradoxical production of the cultural narrative of race."

1309.

Hagood, Taylor. "Ah Ain't Got Nobody: Southern Identity and Signifying on Dialect in Hurston and Faulkner." Publications of the Mississippi Philological Association, 2004, pp. 45-53. Compares Rider's use of "Ah" (I) with usage in a Hurston story.

1310.

Parini, Jay. One Matchless Time (#157; 2004), pp. 25667.

1311.

McHaney, Thomas L. "The Ecology of Uncle Ike: Teaching Go Down, Moses with Janisse Ray's Ecology of a Cracker Childhood." In Faulkner and the Ecology of the South (#174; 2005), pp. 98-1 14.

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On benefits of teaching together these two books with ecological themes tied to growing up in a rooted environment. 1312.

Danner, Bruce. "Epic Tears: The Dislocation of Meaning in Faulkner's 'The Bear."' Mississippi Quarterly 59, ii (Spring 2006): 27 1-94. Considering the story's "debt to epic and romance topoi," as for example in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, examines how "these elements hnction in the tale to separate its narrative action from the figures that attempt to ascribe meaning to it," to show the "gulf between literal action and figurative meaning."

1313.

Knepper, Steve. "Shoot Quick, and Slow: Southern Sporting Values, Mastery, and Language in Faulkner's Go Down, Moses." Studies in American Culture 29, ii (2006): 87-106. Discusses traditions and values of southern hunting culture that are important to the novel and its racial themes.

1314.

Robinson, Owen. "But why? But why? Ike McCaslin, and the Reading and Writing of Books in the Midst of Desolation." Creating Yoknapatawpha (# 180; 2006), pp. 145-61. Emphasizing the importance in the novel of "reading"-the ledgers, the past, the wilderness-argues that Ike "poring over the ledgers . . . is an iconic Faulknerian image" and that the novel is ambivalent about "writerly-readerly activities."

1315.

Wu, Yi-ping. "Dynamics of Mixed Genealogy and the (Re)Construction of Ethnicities in Go Down, Moses." Taiwan Journal ofEnglish Literature 3, i (2006): 53-77. On characters' attempts to navigate around the restrictions of culturally constructed identities and genealogical memories in order to invent their own identities.

Novels: Go Down,Moses

275

Further commentary: #30, #179, #286, #407, #704, #760, #900, #972, #980, #1023, #1137, #1318, #1320, #1335, #1338, #1340, #1460, #1575, #1600, #1608, #1614, #1623, #1633, #1634, #1674, #1675, #1735, #1742, #1760, #1767, #1770, #1775, #1785, #1788, #1790, #1795, #1797, #1807, #1814, #1816, #1817, #1835, #1864, #1882, #1891, #1894, #1895, #1927, #1961, #1966, #1975, #1980, #1987, #1988, #2005, #2027, #2030, #2031, #2034.

Novels: Intruder in the Dust

Intruder in the Dust 1316.

Graham, Jean E. "Gavin Stevens in Faulkner's Intruder in the Dust: Only Too Rhetorical Rhetoric." Southern Literary Journal 22, iii (Spring 1990): 78-89. Argues that Gavin's convoluted rhetoric is thematically functional, that Chick gets influenced by it as he changes from character to narrator, and that adult white males do the talking while women, blacks, and children are the people of action.

1317.

Strout, Cushing. "'Working on the Circumstances': Twain's Huck, Faulkner's Chick, and the Negro." Making American Tradition: Visions and Revisions from Ben Franklin to Alice Walker. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers UP, 1990, pp. 152-63. Draws connections between this novel and Huckleberry Finn.

1318.

Clark, Keith. "Man on the Margin: Lucas Beauchamp and the Limitations of Space." Faulkner Journal 6, i (Fall 1990): 67-79. Argues that Faulkner's presentation of Lucas and his relationship to the black community is problematic and stereotypical.

1319.

Ricciardi, Caterina. "Faulkner and the Artist as Intruder." In The Artist and His Masks (#34; 1991)' pp. 347-69. Explores the implications of seeing Faulkner the artist as the "intruder," with Chick representing a change from the ineffectual artist-heroes Quentin and Ike, and of seeing the novel as "dust," in this novel kicked around and reorganized like fragments in fiction.

1320.

Sowder, William J. "Lucas Beauchamp: Eye of the Storm." Existential-Phenomenological Readings on Faulkner (#41; 1991)' pp. 121-30. An existential approach to Lucas (adapted from a 1963 article).

Novels: Intruder in the Dust 1321.

277

Bradford, M. E. "Text and Context: Reading Faulkner's Intruder in the Dust." Intercollegiate Review 27, ii (Spring 1992): 45-50. On Chick as an "apprentice" gentleman and the real center of a novel that troubles modem readers, who try to make it into something it isn't. Watson, Jay. "'We're After Just a Murderer, Not a Lawyer': Gavin Stevens in Intruder in the Dust." Forensic Fictions (#54; 1993), pp. 109-39. Argues for a more nuanced perspective on Gavin's role in the novel, one defined not only by his windy sectional rhetoric but also by the wise counsel and mentoring he provides Chick. Emphasizes the positive role of storytelling and elements of theater in the novel.

1323.

Gray, Richard. "Watching the Detectives: Intruder in the Dust." The Life of William Faulkner (#59; 1994), pp. 289303. Sees the novel as flawed by an inadequate connection between mystery plot and themes, with Lucas ending up as a figure of southern patriarchy not of the racial issues in the book.

1324.

Morris, Wesley. "Recovering the Teller in the Tale: An Unfinished Project." In Faulkner and the Artist (#81; 1996), pp. 141-60. Sees the novel as an example of Faulkner undertaking a "postmodem" effort to reestablish the artist by presenting him as the storyteller who can hear "the already told," the "often repressive, social narrative," and envision "how it may be retold in order to foreground the ethical and political." Estes, Ann Marie. "The Southern Way: A Comparison of A Gathering of Old Men and Intruder in the Dust." Publications of the Arkansas Philological Association 23, i (Spring 1997): 33-4 1. Compares novels about "strong black men" in the South.

Novels: Intruder in the Dust

278

1326.

Moreland, Richard C. "Contextualizing Faulkner's Intruder in the Dust: Sherlock Holmes, Chick Mallison, Decolonization, and Change." Faulkner Journal 12, ii (Spring 1997): 57-68. Discusses the complex "interaction between the novel and its readers" as well as the book's multiple perspectives-Gavinls middle-class Arnoldian humanism, a modernist conservative skepticism reflected at times in Chick's mind, and Lucas's urging of an "analytic, transferential learning."

1327.

Schmitz, Neil. "Faulkner and the Post-Confederate." In Faulkner in Cultural Context (#97; 1997), pp. 241-62. Considers the novel to be a kind of final chapter to southern writing, reinscribing at a time of change and crisis the "post-Confederate" Reconstruction perspective of Twain, Cable, and J. C. Harris. Explores the conflicted racial perspectives of Gavin, Chick, and Lucas.

1328. Hannon, Charles. "Race Fantasies: The Filming of Intruder in the Dust." In Faulkner in Cultural Context (#97; 1997), pp. 263-83. Also included in Faulkner and the Discourses of Culture (#171; 2005), pp. 131-56. Explores the process of Clarence Brown's filming of the novel as it involved, for example, a way for Oxford to fashion for the nation "a white, middle-class identity for itself' and a way to continue a "dialectic of dependency and disavowal" true of earlier films on race relations in the South. 1329.

Jie, Tao. "Growing Up in the South: Faulkner's Intruder in the Dust." In Faulkner: Achievement and Endurance (#112; 1998), pp. 197-207. Says that the book's strength lies in the story of Chick's maturing, implicitly beyond Gavin's prejudices, not in a study of the racial issues themselves.

1330.

Carrnichael, Thomas. "Intruder in the Text: Faulkner's Djuna Barnes." Faulkner Journal 14, i (Fall 1998): 21-30.

Novels: Intruder in the Dust

279

On the implications of Faulkner's, or Gavin's, allusions to Barnes in this novel and The Town. 1331.

Nayar, Pramod K. "The Poiesis of Description: Imagery in Intruder in the Dust." In William Faulkner: A Centennial Tribute (#119; 1999), pp. 225-3 1. A linguistic analysis of "strategies of image-making: saccades and parataxis, gestural and translocal imagifying and visual deficiency."

1332.

Sequeira, Isaac. "The Initiation of Chick Mallison." In William Faulkner: A Centennial Tribute (# 119; 1999), pp. 232-42. Calls the novel a "decisive initiation" story for Chick that combines teachings of Lucas and Gavin.

1333.

Moreland, Richard C. "Faulkner's Continuing Education: From Self-Reflection to Embarrassment." In Faulkner at 100 (#126; 2000), pp. 60-69. Part of a panel, "Why Faulkner?" this addresses, by focusing on Intruder, the relationship between Faulkner's critical perspective on American, and his own, racial attitudes, and his continuing adoption of those American attitudes.

1334.

Li, Stephanie. "Intruder in the Dust from Novel to Movie: The Development of Chick Mallison." Faulkner Journal 16, i-ii (Fall 2000-Spring 200 1): 105-18. Says that the novel "is more suggestive of an independent black voice" and agency than the film, which "consolidates white narrative power." Even the novel, however, relies "upon the creation of black characters as abstractions constructed by white psychic need."

1335.

Schreiber, Evelyn Jaffe. "'The past is never dead. It's not even past': The Emergent Culture in Faulkner's Black Voices." Subversive Voices (#137; 2001), pp. 52-76. Studies Faulkner's earlier portrayal of black characters as a combination of cultural stereotypes and subversive voices, then sees this novel as a text that re-

Novels: Intruder in the Dust enacts southern stereotypes while dramatizing resistance "and a desire for social change." 1336.

Hamblin, Robert W. "Teaching Intruder in the Dust through Its Political and Historical Context." In Teaching Faulkner (#134; 2001)' pp. 151-62. Discusses the importance of teaching the novel within its historical context of Dixiecrats, Governor Bilbo, Hodding Carter, and the 1948 election, and suggests a close study of the first two chapters.

1337.

Schreiber, Evelyn Jaffe. "'The Sum of Your Ancestry': Cultural Context and Intruder in the Dust." In Teaching Faulkner (#134; 2001), pp. 163-70. Says it is useful to teach "the text's cultural ideology,)' its "representations of racial constructs and the social structures that underlie them," as a way into the major themes.

1338.

Dussere, Erik. "The Debts of History: Southern Honor, Affirmative Action, and Faulkner's Intruder in the Dust." Faulkner Journal 17, i (Fall 2001): 37-57. Revised as "'You Want My Life?': The Debts of History" in Balancing the Books (#148; 2003), pp. 63-96. Argues that Faulkner conservatively portrays racial issues "in the language of debt and repayment" and adherence to a "debt of honor" as an imperative to southern whites, as against a debt based on a business model, which might even justify affmative action.

1339.

Kutzinski, Vera M. "Wilson Harris's Phantom Bodies: Re-Reading the Subject." In Theatre of the Arts: Wilson Harris and the Caribbean. Ed. Hena Maes-Jelinek and BCntdicte Ledent. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 2002, pp. 139-51. Rethinks the unusual role of the corpse in this novel.

1340.

Dimitri, Carl. "Go Down, Moses and Intruder in the Dust: From Negative to Positive Liberty." Faulkner Journal 19, i (Fall 2003): 1 1-26. Using Isaiah Berlin's notions of freedom, this contrasts Ike's struggle "for a freedom from the world"

Novels: Intruder in the Dust

28 1

with Chick's seeking of "freedom to act within it." In his new aesthetic of engagement, Faulkner does become a propagandist, a confused thinker, and at times quite conservative, but he also "questions his own assumptions and struggles against them." 1341.

Pitavy-Souques, Danikle. "'Blacks and Other Very Dark Colors': William Faulkner and Eudora Welty." In Faulkner andHis Contemporaries (#163; 2004), pp. 132-54. Compares the novel with The Ponder Heart, two books concerned with "evil," with the rhetorical and emotional dimensions of southern language, and with the nature of comedy.

1342.

PopiSil, Tom& "The Liberal Message Films of the Late 1940s and the Position of African-Americans." Brno Studies in English 30 (2004): 179-87. On the film.

1343.

Gresset, Michel, and Patrick Samway, S.J., eds. A Gathering of Evidence: Essays on William Faulkner 's Intruder in the Dust (# 154; 2004).

1344.

Fujihira, Ikuko. "Eunice Habersham's Lessons in Intruder in the Dust." In A Gathering of Evidence (#154; 2004), pp. 37-56. Emphasizes Miss Habersham's role as mentor to Chick, but also the "language of repetition," the importance of eating scenes, and changing views of the meaning of "family."

1345.

Kartiganer, Donald M. "Faulkner's Comic Narrative of Community." In A Gathering of Evidence (#154; 2004), pp. 131-50. Argues that because the book is orchestrated from the beginning as a comedy, the lynching of Lucas is never a probable outcome, and that racism, the greatest evil in the book, is also the greatest threat to the very homogeneity that the community seems to value.

Novels: Intruder in the Dust

282

1346.

Rueckert, William H;"The Education of Chick Mallison." Faulknerfrom Within (#160; 2004), pp. 261-70. Emphasizes the Lucas-Chick relationship and the ways in which this novel marks a new direction for Faulkner's racial and social vision.

1347.

Fulton, Lorie Watkins. "Intruder in the Past." Southern Literary Journal 38, ii (Winter 2006): 64-73. Focuses on "in the dust" and the role of Chick as he intrudes in the dust and depths of his town's racial past and present.

1348.

Sugimori, Masami. "Signifying, Ordering, and Containing the Chaos: Whiteness, Ideology, and Language in Intruder in the Dust." Faulkner Journal 22, i-ii (Fall 2006Spring 2007): 54-73. Drawing on ideas of Lacan, Althusser, and Bakhtin, shows that the novel "dramatizes the interaction between Southern racist ideology and the racialized language of the South." Shows limitations of white adult male language to comprehend situations in the novel.

Further commentary: #844, #889, #1008, #1164, #I 186, #1204, #1226, #1297, #1379, #1460, #1461, #1694, #1700, #1816, #1892, #2014.

Novels: Knight S Gambit

Knight's Gambit 1349.

Schafer, William. "Faulkner's Gambit." Armchair Detective 23, iii (Summer 1990): 282-9 1. An overview of Faulkner's use of detective-story devices, in fiction and film, that emphasizes this book but also covers others including Intruder and Sanctuary.

1350.

Watson, Judson D. "'Hair,' 'Smoke,' and the Development of the Faulknerian Lawyer Character." Mississippi Quarterly 43, iii (Summer 1990): 349-66. Argues that in these early stories Faulkner develops Gavin as both attorney and storyteller, a more positive figure than Horace.

1351.

Irwin, John T. "Knight's Gambit: Poe, Faulkner, and the Tradition of the Detective Story.'' Arizona Quarterly 46, iv (Winter 1990): 95-1 16. Included in Faulkner and the Short Story (#44; 1992), pp. 149-73; and in Doubling and Incest/Repetition and Revenge, 2"ded. (#80; 1996). Studies Faulkner's refashioning of Poe's devices such as the locked room and missing object, and also such patterns as the chess game and doubling.

1352.

Cohen, Philip. "Faulkner's Mature Narrative Technique: The Example of 'Tomorrow."' South Carolina Review 23, i (Spring 1991): 123-35. Studies the "non-traditional narrative technique" employed in what is an underrated story.

1353.

Watson, Jay. "Colloquial Detection; or, 'Discovering It by Accident' in Knight's Gambit." Forensic Fictions (#54; 1993), pp. 140-74. Discusses Gavin's role in all of the stories, as well as the role of storytelling, rhetoric, and detection, and the "narrative tyranny" (as with Terrel in "Monk") that can lead to injustice.

Novels: Knight's Gambit

284 1354.

Lahey, Michael E. "Trying Emotions: Unpredictable Justice in Faulkner's 'Smoke' and 'Tomorrow."' Mississippi Quarterly 46, iii (Summer 1993): 447-62. Argues that these two stories deal with the interrelatedness of emotion and ideas about law, justice, and ethics.

1355.

Gray, Richard. The Life of William Faulkner (#59; 1994)' pp. 304-9. Shows that all of the stories are like chess games that involve controlling danger to the community.

1356.

Evans, Ron. "Faulkner's 'Tomorrow."' Explicator 56, ii (Winter 1998): 95-99. On Horton Foote's adaptations.

1357.

Marano, Salvatore. "The Game of Chess as a Model for Style: William Faulkner's 'Knight's Gambit."' In William Faulkner in Venice (#127; 2000), pp. 251-69. On the implications of the chess motif in the title story.

1358.

Hulsey, Dallas. "'I Don't Seem to Remember a Girl in the Story': Hollywood's Disruption of Faulkner's All-Male Narrative in Today We Live." Faulkner Journal 16, i-ii (Fall 2000-Spring 2001): 65-77. On Faulkner's first film script, based on "Tomorrow," and on the author's "developing conceptions of incest and mediated desire."

1359.

Fulton, Lorie Watkins. "Justice as He Saw It; Gavin Stevens in Knight's Gambit." Faulkner Journal 19, ii (Spring 2004): 25-48. Discusses the development of Gavin's problematic and self-interested ideas about justice, and shows that his actions "foreshadow his behavior in Requiem."

1360.

Rueckert, William H. "Faulkner's Paladin." Faulkner from Within (#160; 2004), pp. 270-72. Mostly on the importance of Gavin to Faulkner.

Novels: Knight's Gambit

1361.

285

Hannon, Charles. "Figuring Legal Discourse in The Hamlet and Knight's Gambit." Faulkner and the Discourses of Culture (#I7 1 ; 2005), pp. 50-75. Studies the Gavin stories, and the spotted horses episode, in relation to cultural discourse of the law in the shift from legal formalism to legal realism and then a new conservatism.

Further commentary: #600, #98 1, # 1 190.

Novels: Requiem for a Nun

Requiem for a Nun 1362.

Cloy, Margie. "Requiem for a Nun and the Art of Listening." Publications of the Mississippi Philological Association, 1990, pp. 49-52. On a pattern of listening and betrayal that runs from Temple and Nancy to Nancy and Gavin to Temple's final speech as asserting "a dimension of her humanity."

1363.

Moreland, Richard C. "Imprisonment, Rape, and Abortion Reconsidered in Requiem for a Nun." Faulkner and Modernism (#16; 1990)' pp. 194-238. Sees the book as a further growing beyond modernist irony but also "as revisionary repetitions of other tragedies in these tragedies' more modernist background," notably those involving imprisonment, rape, and abortion-tragedies of Temple, Caddy, Addie, and also Nancy's earlier loss of her fetus.

1364.

Samway, Patrick, S.J. "Through Faulkner's Glass Darkly: Cecilia Farmer's Signature in Requiem for a Nun." In The Artist and His Masks (#34; 199l), pp. 371-84. Discusses ways in which Faulkner's portrayal and imagery of "space" and "time" are connected. Such images suggest Faulkner's sense of "the relationship between man's reality and literary creation."

1365.

Ziegler, Heide. "Art and Omnipotence: Genre Manipulation in Requiem for a Nun." In The Artist and His Masks (#34; 1991), pp. 385-95. Drawing on Bakhtin, argues that Faulkner's "manipulation of genre . . . can be read as a manner of establishing the primacy of his own authorial self over that of his characters." The historical essays "establish the play's socio-ideological context" and are "concerned with the role of the representative individual in Southern society."

Novels: Requiemfor a Nun

287

1366.

Wondra, Janet. "'Play' within a Play: Gaming with Language in Requiem for a Nun." Faulkner Journal 8, i (Fall 1992): 43-59. Discusses the techniques Faulkner uses "to enunciate the marginalized voices of black women and white women," notably Nancy and Temple. Emphasizing "access to language," this focuses on the use of silences, of repetitions, of metaphors, and of "play" in its several meanings.

1367.

Watson, Jay. "Maieutic Forensics; or, Requiem for a Nun and the Talking Cure." Forensic Fictions (#54; 1993), pp. 175-207. A sympathetic rethinking of Gavin's forensic role, arguing that Gavin's task is "to guide these would-be escapists [Temple and Gowan] toward the purgative voice that already exists within them."

1368.

Bleikasten, Andre. "The Novelist as Historian in Requiem for a Nun." In Rewriting the South (#52; 1993), pp. 34456. Focuses on the metahistorical elements of the narrative sections, their concern with the problematic implications of traces and names.

1369.

Zender, Karl F. "Where Is Yoknapatawpha County? William Faulkner, John Updike, and Postwar America." In Faulkner, His Contemporaries, and His Posterity (#56; 1993), pp. 284-300. Explores, in comparison with Updike, Faulkner's pessimism about postwar America, evident in this novel in his "rearguard resistances to the historical transformation of Mississippi."

1370.

Ideo, Yasuko. "Treatment of Time in Faulkner's Works,

Part VII." Shokei Daigaku Kenkyu Kiyo 17 (February 1994): 1-14. On the negative aspects of modernization in the novel with a new view of the significance of Nancy's action.

Novels: Requiem for a Nun

288

Gray, Richard. The Lge of William Faulkner (#59; 1994)' pp. 309-21. Emphasizes tensions and contradictions between the narrative and dramatic sections, between Gavin's thesis that the past is never dead and other evidence that the past is quite dead, between seeing Nancy's act as one of redemption and seeing it as a heinous crime, between differing views of progress and guilt. Roberts, Diane. "Altars of Sacrifice: 'Redeeming' Eula and Temple." Faulkner and Southern Womanhood (#63; 1994), pp. 2 13-23. On two novels where earlier sexual figures are reprised as mothers. Whereas Eula "is finally subsumed into the ideology of maternal sacrifice," in Requiem the "roles offered women by the South . . . collapse in on each other. . . . The categories are bankrupt." 1373.

LaLonde, Chris. "'To Rave Notices': William Faulkner's Requiem for a Nun at the Royal." Journal of American Drama and Theatre 7, i (Winter 1995): 64-73. On a 1957 production in London.

1374.

Wittenberg, Judith Bryant. "Temple Drake and La Parole pleine." Mississippi Quarterly 48, iii (Summer 1995): 421-41. Relates Faulkner's novel to an essay by Lacan contemporary with it, two responses to "the problematic of language" so topical at that time. Faulkner's "bleak and intriguing novel functions almost as a negative, if proleptic, reading of the Lacanian theory" behind the essay, for it shows "an inadequately monitored analytic situation" and the failure of the subject to achieve "laparole pleine."

1375.

Nishioka, Yoshifumi. "The Salvation of Temple Drake: A Commentary on William Faulkner's Requiem for a Nun." Kawamura Tankidaigaku Kinkyukiyo 16 (1996): 133-38.

1376.

Fowler, Doreen. "Reading for the 'Other Side': Beloved and Requiem for a Nun." In Unflinching Gaze (#98; 1997)' pp. 139-51.

Novels: Requiem for a Nun

289

Drawing on Lacan's "theory of the development of subjectivity," this discusses the paradoxical role of infanticide in both novels. 1377.

Reames, Kelly Lynch. "'All That Matters Is That I Write the Letters': Discourse, Discipline, and Difference in Requiem for a Nun." Faulkner Journal 14, i (Fall 1998): 31-52. Argues that Faukner explores "how women whose lives have been made into social narratives can counteract those narratives and reclaim their own subjectivities, or, . . . how two disempowered women can change their lives through language." Also comments on Cecelia Farmer's role.

1378.

Ladd, Barbara. '"Philosophers and Other Gynecologists': Women and the Polity in Requiem for a Nun." Mississippi Quarterly 52, iii (Summer 1999): 483-501. Argues that the novel is Faukner's most direct treatment of "the troubling potentialities of the State" in the postwar world, and that it reflects a new approach by the author to relationships among gender, law, and morality.

1379.

Towner, Theresa. "Finding Somebody to Talk To: Detection, Confession, and the Color Line." Faulkner on the Color Line (#I3 1; 2000), pp. 48-73. A study of Fauher's use of multiple genres in this novel and Intruder to explore race relations, memorymaking, and cultural voices. Says Requiem mixes history and drama, and also uses the detective story and confessional, but does not provide solutions for the racial problems it presents.

1380.

LaLonde, Christopher. "The Drama of Teaching Requiem for a Nun." In Teaching Faulkner (#134; 2001), pp. 17179. Emphasizes "the importance of drama and liminality to my teaching of the text" and the unsettling, transformative effect such classes can have.

Novels: Requiem for a Nun

290

1381.

Lawrence, Keith. "Moral Sentiment and Redemption in Faukner's 'Borrowed Gothic,' Requiem for a Nun." Literature and Belief 24, i-ii (2004): 63-79. Considers the meaning of "requiem" in the novel, the role of suffering and redemption, and connections with the Gothic tradition and novels of Susanna Rowson.

1382.

Rueckert, William H. "Cleansing the Temple." Faulkner from Within (#160; 2004), pp. 274-92. Argues that the "paradox of this novel is to understand how this violent, destructive action can be constructive, purgative and redemptive," even transforming, and can lead to a new beginning.

1383.

Folks, Jeffrey J. "Faulkner's Requiem for the Past." Southern & Caribbean Narrative from Faulkner to Naipaul(#169; 2005), pp. 43-56. Sees the book as "Faulkner's meditation on morality," a conservative "dirge devoted to the decline of freedom in America," and yet an argument for "principles that possess a grounding outside of history."

1384.

Weisenburger, Steven. "Faukner in Baghdad, Bush in Hadleyburg: Race, Nation, and Sovereign Violence." American Literary History 18, iv (Winter 2006): 739-7 1. Making comparisons with High Noon and connections to the Iraq War and the Cold War, sees the novel as dramatizing Faulkner's ideologically and racially conservative anxieties over modem threats to individual and regional sovereignty.

Further commentary: #363, #602, #627, #634, #842, #1069, #1204, #1269, #1359, #1460, #1600, #1675, #1700, #1815, #1819, #1829, #1858, #1971, #1993, #2025, #2030, #2118.

Novels: A Fable

A Fable 1385.

Harrington, Gary. "A Fable." Faulkner's Fables of Creativity (#lo; 1990), pp. 95-121. Emphasizes the multiple fables in the book, the "series of ultimately irresolvable oppositions," and the tension between inspiration and order. Sees the book as Faulkner's attempt at a "magnum opus" and as a key to reading the fabular aspect of all of his work.

1386.

Butterworth, Keen, and Nancy Butterworth. Annotations to Faulkner 's A Fable (#5; 1990).

1387.

Thielemans, John. "Faulkner: A Fable: Considerations and Reconsiderations." Studia Germanica Gandensia 24, ii (1991): 129-40. A sympathetic reading of the novel, with an emphasis on its gradual genesis and the development of the corporal and the general, and concluding that it is "hlly in tune with the dark tone of' the "early masterpieces," a "metaphysical novel of doubt."

1388.

Nicolaisen, Peter. "Collective Experience and Questions of Genre in A Fable." In The Artist and His Masks (#34; 19911, pp. 397-414. Connects the "awkwardness of A Fable as a narrative" to "the largely collective and public nature of its subject matter," which tends to resist narrative forms. Says it was Faulkner's most serious attempt to deal with group or collective experience.

1389.

Sowder, William J. "Generalissimo." ExistentialPhenomenological Readings on Faulkner (#4 1; 199l), pp. 165-98. Studies the role of myth, communication, consciousness, and the emotions in this novel, in the context of Faulkner's use of religious patterns in earlier novels.

Novels: A Fable

292

1390.

Urgo, Joseph R. "Conceiving the Enemy: The Rituals of War in Faulkner's A Fable." Faulkner Studies (Japan) 1, ii (September 1992): 1-19. Argues that this is not a war story but a novel "about war-telling as human ritual," about the transformation "of battlefield carnage" into narratives and rituals that can apply "universally to the human condition" and give significance to human actions.

1391.

Nash, Charles C. "Revaluating the Source: Humphrey Cobb's Paths of Glory and Faulkner's A Fable." Pleiades 13, i (Fall 1992): 85-92. Considers Cobb's novel as undervalued and as "a more artistically satisfying novel."

1392.

Wadlington, Warwick. "Doing What Comes Culturally: Collective Action and the Discourse of Belief in Faulkner and Nathanael West." In Faulkner, His Contemporaries, and His Posterity (#56; 1993), pp. 245-52. Reads it as a novel of the 1930s focused, like West's fiction, on the potential of collective action, on "the constitution of new collective subjectivities joined in progressive action."

1393.

Gray, Richard. "Of Crowds, Control and Courage: A Fable." The Lfe of William Faulkner (#59; 1994), pp. 32135. Argues that despite its "generalizing bias" and lack of specification, its strength lies in "its monumentalism, its representation of the crowd . . . as a fluid agent of change or . . . a repressive instrument of authority, its bold interpretation of human nature and historical process in terms of a warring embrace of opposites."

1394.

Polk, Noel. '"Polysyllabic and Verbless Patriotic Nonsense': Faulkner at Mid-century-His and Ours." In Faulkner and Ideology (#72; 1995), pp. 297-32. Included in Children of the Dark House (#87; 1996), pp. 242-72. Explores the tension between Faulkner's post-1950 optimistic public roles and the pessimism in his personal life, and explores the novel as an epic about the

Novels: A Fable forces that perpetuate "the bourgeois myths" and illusions that "maintain order" in our society. Sees Faullcner's vision here as a dark one. 1395.

Tbyama, Kiyoko. "A Huge Parable on Peace: Faulkner's War and Peace." In Faulkner: Achievement and Endurance (#112; 1998), pp. 208-29. Included in Faulkner and the Modern Fable (#138; 2001), pp. 123-36. Sees the novel as a justification of individualism and freedom above nation and professionalism.

1396.

Godden, Richard. "Find the Jew; or, Modernity, Armaments and Allegory in A Fable." Renaissance & Modern Studies 41 (1998): 75-92. Expanded as "A Fable . . . Whispering about the Wars, I: Find the Jew: Modernity, Seriality, and Armaments in A Fable." Faulkner Journal 17, ii (Spring 2002): 25-88. Drawing on Benjamin, this puts the novel in a broad socio-political context. Argues that the book's "allegory is economically determined," that the book deals profoundly with the "militarization" of society, and that there is a parallel between the CorporalGeneral relationship and the Bon-Sutpen relationship in Absalom.

1397.

Kodat, Catherine Gunther. "Writing A Fable for America." In Faulkner in America (# 139; 200 l), pp. 82-97. Sees this as a book about America in its "postwar ascension to global power" and explores its reflection of the collapse of "high modernism" in relation to mass commercial culture.

1398.

Marovitz, Sanford E. "A 'Phantasy' and A Fable: Huxley and Faulkner on Nationalism and War." Aldous Huxley Annual 1 (2001): 175-89. Draws connections between this book and several works by Huxley, including Ape and Essence.

1399.

Htinnighausen, Lothar. "Imagining the Abstract: Faulkner's Treatment of War and Values in A Fable." In Faulkner and War (#159; 2004), pp. 120-37.

Novels: A Fable A positive reassessment of the novel that emphasizes its "metaphorical thinking" and "imagining the abstract" to develop some "central philosophical conflicts" of Faulkner's time. 1400.

Polk, Noel. "Scar." In Faulkner and War (#159; 2004), pp. 138-59. Reflections particularly on General Gragnon, Bidet, and the runner, and on Faulkner's anti-sentimental comments on war as a very "condition" of the modem nation.

1401.

Rueckert, William H. "War, Power, and the Book: Faulkner's Fable for Tomorrow." Faulkner from Within (# 160; 2004), pp. 293-324. Discusses the novel as "the most profound fiction Faukner ever conceived on the relation of being to power." Focuses on the Corporal as Faukner's "final ontological model," opposed to the Marshal, a destructive figure "tied to a murderous nationalism."

Further commentary: #375, #1204, #1467, #1638, #1700, #1858, #1889, #1895, #1955, #1956, #1984, #2005.

Novels: The Town

The Town 1402.

Anderson, George. "Toward a Reading of The Town as a Chronicle: Respectability and Race in Three Episodes." Mississippi Quarterly 43, iii (Summer 1990): 377-85. Suggests the book be read as a "chronicle" of Jefferson not a novel about Eula or Gavin or Flem, and discusses revisions of stories for the novel.

1403.

Towner, Theresa M. "'It Aint Funny A-Tall': The Transfigured Tales of The Town." Mississippi Quarterly 44, iii (Summer 1991): 32 1-35. Studies the three narrative voices and their limitations, as well as revisions of "Centaur in Brass" and "Mule in the Yard" for the novel.

1404.

Casey, Rogert N. "Faulkner's Alien Augury." Notes on Mississippi Writers 24, i (January 1992): 51-53. On an anachronism, DeSpain's EMF roadster.

1405.

Little, Anne Colclough. "Reconsidering Maggie, Charles, and Gavin in The Town." Mississippi Quarterly 46, iii (Summer 1993): 463-77. Argues that the marriage between Maggie and Charles has problems and that Gavin figures into the tension between them.

1406.

Gray, Richard. "Distant Voices, Desperate Lives: The Town." The Life of William Faulkner (#59; 1994), pp. 335-46. Emphasizes the shifting, often confused, pattern of perspectives, voices, and tones in the book.

1407.

Horton, Merrill. Annotations to Faulkner's The Town (#79; 1996).

1408.

Hiratsuka, Hiroko. "Chick's Initiation: Faulkner's Struggle in The Town." Joch: Eigobungaku Kenkyu 2 1 (1996): 37-48.

Novels: The Town On the tension between realism and sentimentality in the story. 1409.

Blotner, Joseph, and Noel Polk, eds. Novels 1957-1962. New York: Library of America, 2000. An authoritative edition.

1410.

Towner, Theresa M. "The Roster, the Chronicle, and the Cross." In Faulkner in the Twenty-First Century (#150; 2003), pp. 1-13. Encourages critics to go beyond the most studied novels to novels like The Town and to explore the more marginal figures in Faulkner's world.

1411.

Labatt, Blair. "The Town: Dialogue and Complex Action." Faulkner the Storyteller (#172; 2005), pp. 100-134. Studies the role of episodes, story, plot, and "nonplot" in this "plotted novel," drawing distinctions with the other Snopes novels. Compares magazine and novel versions of stories.

1412.

Skinfill, Mauri. "The American Interior: Identity and Commercial Culture in Faulkner's Late Novels." Faulkner Journal 2 1, i-ii (Fall 2005-Spring 2006): 133-44. Emphasizes Faulkner's criticism of consumer culture, "middle-class identification" as a "process of standardization," and America's "celebratory myths of commercial consumption."

Further commentary: #238, #1330, #1369, #1372, #1714, #1819.

Novels: The Mansion

The Mansion 1413.

Clark, William Bedford. "Where Ideology Leaves Off: Cowley, Warren, and Faulkner Revisited." Studies in the Novel 24, iii (Fall 1992): 292-308. Takes issue with Schwartz's ideological approach to Faulkner's literary standing and says this novel is a strong one that conveys Faulkner's opposition to totalitarianism of the right or left.

1414.

Kang, Hee. "A New Configuration of Faulkner's Feminine: Linda Snopes Kohl in The Mansion." Faulkner Journal 8, i (Fall 1992): 2 1-41. Drawing on Derrida and Irigaray, argues that Faulkner in Linda constructs "a radically creative and unprecedentedly modern feminine," who "tears down the patriarchal myth of woman's sexual identity."

1415.

Gray, Richard. "Then the Letting Go: The Mansion." The Life of William Faulkner (#59; 1994), pp. 346-57. Emphasizes Faulkner's tendency here "to resolve narrative tensions," to recapitulate and recover, to summarize the human dilemma in phrases like "the poor sons of bitches."

1416.

Arnold, Edwin T. "'Give Me Lief: Snopes and Fair Play." Chiba Review 18 (1996): 1-11.

1417.

Westervelt, Linda A. "'Soon . . . as we get used to it': The Mansion, by William Faulkner." Beyond Innocence, or the Altersroman in Modern Fiction. Columbia, MO: U of Missouri P, 1997, pp. 7 1-92. Focuses on "Gavin's assessing his life" as "the central feature" of the novel, drawing connections to Don Quixote.

1418.

Labatt, Blair. "The Mansion: Conflict and Contemplation." Faulkner the Storyteller (#172; 2005), pp. 135-76. A narratological study of the role of episode, story, and plot in a novel "largely given over to reminis-

Novels: The Mansion

cence, reverie, and review," a novel that "is partly an intermittent meditation on choice and change." Further commentary: #204, #1400, # 1409, # 1760.

Novels: The Snopes Trilogy

The Snopes Trilogy Hook, Andrew. "The Snopes Trilogy." In William Faulkner: The Yoknapatawpha Fiction (#14; 1990), pp. 165-79. Tries to reconcile the relatively inferior quality of the two later novels with an appreciation for their positive qualities that differ from those of Faulkner's major period. 1420.

Wade, Clyde. "The Irving Influence in the Snopes Trilogy." University of Mississippi Studies in English 9 (1991): 63-76. Not Sleepy Hollow but "Rip Van Winkle" is seen as a key influence, particularly on Mink's story.

1421.

Sowder, William J. "Flem and His Ilk." ExistentialPhenomenological Readings on Faulkner (#4 1 ; 199I), pp. 2 1-40. In the same book is "The Magical World of Mink Snopes & Company," pp. 59-7 1. The first is a phenomenological approach to Snopeses as, often, functions more than human beings. The second is a study, influenced by Sartre's work on the emotions, of Mink and the "wildly delusional world" of his imagination as well as revisions in Mink's character for the final novel.

1422.

Werlock, Abby H. P. "Poor Whites: Joads and Snopeses." Sun Jose Studies 18, i (Winter 1992): 6 1-71. Included in The Critical Response to John Steinbeck's The Grapes of Wrath. Ed. Barbara A. Heavilin. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2000, pp. 171-82. Compares Steinbeck's and Faulkner's handling of poor whites.

1423.

Dale, Corinne. 'LAbsalom,Absalom! and the Snopes Trilogy: Southern Patriarchy in Revision." Mississippi Quarterly 45, iii (Summer 1992): 323-37. Argues that Faulkner always associated the Snopes and Sutpen stories and that in both stories "the narrators deconstruct the authority of the patriarch" and

Novels: The Snopes Trilogy the patriarchal romance of the South, even as "the patriarch is the focus of the multiple narrators in each." By the end of the Snopes trilogy Faulkner projects an alternative world that merges "male and female traits positively." 1424.

Wilmeth, Thomas L. "You Hope to Learn: Flem's SelfEmpowerment through Silence in Faulkner's Snopes Trilogy." The SECOL Review 16, ii (Fall 1992): 165-78. Studies "Flem's use of silence and discusses how he manipulates those around him by means of this uncooperative speech act."

1425.

Watson, Jay. "Reappraising the Forensic Figure: Gavin Stevens and His Discontents in The Town and The Mansion." Forensic Fictions (#54; 1993), pp. 208-3 1. Sees Gavin as becoming more like Flem as Jefferson becomes more run by "Snopes" and sees his relationships with Eula and Linda as equivocal, not salutary as in earlier stories with Chick and Temple.

1426.

Banta, Martha. "Ways Out." Taylored Lives: Narrative Productions in the Age of Taylor, Veblen, and Ford. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1993, pp. 304-27. Discusses Charlotte, Eula, and Linda as characters who oppose Taylor's "dearly held belief that there is 'one best way' for us all," and the paradox that those "who fight human engineering" also turn out to be ''human engineers."

1427.

Schreiber, Evelyn Jaffe. "What's Love Got to Do with It? Desire and Subjectivity in Faulkner's Snopes Trilogy." Faulkner Journal 9, i-ii (Fall 1993-Spring 1994): 83-98. Revised as "Desire, Subjectivity, and Agency: Women as Objects of Desire in the Snopes Trilogy" in Subversive Voices (#137; 2001), pp. 38-5 1. Drawing on Lacan, Raymond Williams, and Gloria Anzaldua, studies the change of Eula and Linda "from object to subject positions" as well as "the interplay between patriarchal sexual parameters and the psychic structures of subjectivity."

Novels: The Snopes Trilogy

301

1428.

Corlew, John. "The Influence of Mississippi Politics on William Faulkner's Art: Lee Russell as Spiritual Forebear of Flem Snopes." Journal of Mississippi History 56 (May 1994): 91-106. Considers the importance of the career of Lee Russell, a law partner of Faulkner's grandfather, on the creation of Flem.

1429.

Garrett, George. Introduction to The Snopes Trilogy. New York: Modem Library, 1994.

1430.

Roberts, Diane. "Helen's Monster Child." Faulkner and Southern Womanhood (#63; 1994), pp. 139-48. Sees Linda as a radically new Faukner character, "a woman not shaped by the magisterial contexts of southern culture" and "the most powerful of Faulkner's female characters."

1431.

Kimura, Akio. "Shakespeare and Faukner: Gods, Revenge, and Time." Jinbun Kagaku Keokyu (Niigata University) 86 (December 1994): 2 1-44. Draws comparisons between Hamlet and Flem Snopes.

1432.

Ownby, Ted. "The Snopes Trilogy and the Emergence of Consumer Culture." In Faulkner and Ideology (#72; 1995), pp. 95-128. On Faukner's ambivalence toward consumer culture as both the means of escape from rural poverty and traditionalism but also a self-indulgence that comes "at the expense of responsibility for other people and communication with them."

1433.

Singal, Daniel J. William Faulkner: The Making of a Modernist (# 102; 1997), pp. 284-93. Sees The Mansion as a strong novel and Linda as a "Modernist version of the Old Colonel," Faulkner's "final version of his Modernist ideal self."

Novels: The Snopes Trilogy

302

1434.

Nichol, Frances Louisa. "Flem Snopes's Knack for Verisimilitude in Faulkner's Snopes Trilogy." Mississippi Quarterly 50, iii (Summer 1997): 493-505. Studies Flem as character across the trilogy and his growing concern with "civic virtue [which] is only an appearance of virtue, not virtue itself' or an "integrity of character" or a basic "humanity."

1435.

Smith, Jon. "Faulkner, Galsworthy, and the Bourgeois Apocalypse." Faulkner Journal 13, i-ii (Fall 1997-Spring 1998): 133-47. Argues that the trilogy is a parody of Galsworthy's Forsyte saga and its portrayal of bourgeois capitalism.

1436.

Railey, Kevin. "The Snopes Trilogy as Social Vision." Natural Aristocracy (#121; 1999), pp. 145-67. Explores the way in which Faulkner's authorial ideology and social vision shape the trilogy with such "natural aristocrats" as Ratliff trying to reestablish a moral vision. At the end Faulkner's vision is romantic, and paternalistic white males are the ones who must provide leadership.

1437.

Roberts, Diane. "Eula, Linda, and the Death of Nature." In Faulkner and the Natural World (# 118; 1999), pp. 15978. Argues that in the 1950s the close connection Faulkner draws between woman, land, and nature disappears, and that Linda represents a denial of the primitive for the new, urban, social culture of the automobile.

1438.

Rogers, David. "A Masculinity of Faded Blue: V. K. Ratliff and Faukner's Creation of Transpositional Space." Faulkner Journal 15, i-ii (Fall 1999-Spring 2000): 12550. Drawing on Jardine, studies Faukner's "revision of conventional masculinity" as "a formal matter," a "question of figurative, not physical, space." Sees

Novels: The Snopes Trilogy

303

Ratliff as the crucial figure undermining gender dichotomies. 1439.

Towner, Theresa M. "Snopes-Watching and Racial Ideology." Faulkner on the Color Line (#131; 2000), pp. 74118. Paying special attention to the importance of revisions of stories for the novels, this connects the trilogy to Faulkner's continuing exploration of racial ideology and of connections between language, race, and identity.

1440.

Horton, Merrill. "Balzacian Evolution and the Origin of the Snopeses." Southern Literary Journal 33, i (Fall 2000): 55-8 1. Surveys connections between Balzac's characters and Snopeses.

1441.

Polk, Noel. "Testing Masculinity in the Snopes Trilogy." Faulkner Journal 16, iii (Fall 2000-Spring 200 1): 3-22. Another version appears as "Eula and the Good Old Boys: Testing Masculinity in The Hamlet and The Town." In Faulkner's Maturity (#140; 2002), pp. 33-42. Explores Faulkner's concern with "the problematics of masculine enactment and empowerment" and with the social pressures "to conform to a performative sexual role." Emphasizes the role of Eula as "a backdrop against which the gestures of masculinity play themselves out."

1442.

Robinson, Owen. "Monuments and Footprints: The Mythology of Flem Snopes." Faulkner Journal 17, i (Fall 2001): 69-86. Included in Creating Yoknapatawpha (# 180; 2006), pp. 67-84. Drawing on Barthes, argues that Flem turns monuments into footprints as he creates a mythic framework for his progress. His "masterstroke" at the start is "to approach a society" in flux and "hijack the process of change." He is more pathetic as a Tory conservative, and in his downfall "myth itself becomes yet another fallen monument."

304

Novels: The Snopes Trilogy

1443.

Paradiso, Sharon Desmond. "Eula's American Dream: White Womanhood in Faulkner's Snopes Trilogy." Modern Language Studies 32, i (Spring 2002): 71-83. Studies Eula within the context of recent work on "whiteness." Sees her "individualism" as "undercut by the narrative strategy that Faulkner uses to represent her."

1444.

Levitsky, Holli G. "Suicide and Sex: The Cost of Desire (Is Death)." Southern Quarterly 4 1, i (Fall 2002): 29-38. Considers Eula's suicide within the context of female suicide in literature, and argues that "Eula chooses suicide not for the defeat of romantic love" (Gavin's idea) but to c o n f m "her subjectivity" and "her claim to maternity."

1445.

Ingersoll, Earl G. "Tradition and Change in William Faulkner's Snopes Trilogy." McNeese Review 41 (2003): 26-40. Drawing on Derrida and making comparisons with Hardy's The Mayor of Casterbridge, argues that Flem "represents the indeterminacy of the signifier in a postmodern world of slippage from one realm of signification to another-writing to accounting to technology."

1446.

Robinson, Owen. "Interested Parties and Theorems to Prove: Narrative and Identity in Faulkner's Snopes Trilogy." Southern Literary Journal 36, i (Fall 2003): 58-73. Included in Creating Yoknapatawpha (#180; 2006), pp. 121-39. Focusing on "readerly" aspects of the trilogy and on Flem, studies narrative method, voice, point of view, and the reader's role in the three quite different novels and in comparison with Absalom.

1447.

Parini, Jay. One Matchless Time (#157; 2004), pp. 24649,393-410. Connects issues in each novel with Faulkner's life.

Novels: The Snopes Trilogy

305

1448.

Rueckert, William H. "Social Comedy in Yoknapatawpha County." Faulknerfrorn Within (#160; 2004), pp. 325-36. Focuses on the sources of comedy (tall tale, multiple perspectives, and the idealistic mistakes of Gavin), the role of the chivalric ideal, and "views of the community." Says that the late Faulkner novels all have a "powerful . . . redemptive motive."

1449.

Eddy, Charmaine. "Labor, Economy, and Desire: Rethinking American Nationhood through Yoknapatawpha." Mississippi Quarterly 57, iv (Fall 2004): 569-92. A Lacanian study of Faulkner's complex projection of the South's "ambivalent relationship" to the story of American nationhood. Argues that Faulkner "represents the South as the nation's" colonial Other and thereby makes Yoknapatawpha the site "for exposing the simultaneous narcissism and aggression" of "colonial desire."

1450.

Wainwright, Michael. "The Enemy Within: Faulkner's Snopes Trilogy." In Faulkner and the Ecology of the South (#174; 2005), pp. 61-80. An evolutionary approach to Snopeses as "a mutant form of extrinsic aliens" and Flem as "the Snopes mutation with his personification of the selfish gene as the basis for capitalism."

1451.

Kang, Hee. "Eula Varner Snopes: Men's Monument, Or More Than That?" Mississippi Quarterly 58, iii (Summer 2005): 495-5 12. Traces "the significance of her ultimate sacrificial fate within the patriarchal culture" and argues that its new alternative is "illuminated" in Linda, "whose feminine radically changes the landscape of woman's space within Faulkner's fictional world."

1452.

Jackson, Tommie Lee. "Snopesism as a Form of Tricksterism." "High-ToppedShoes" . . . (#178; 2006), pp. 91102. On Faulkner's use in the Snopes stories of the traditions of the trickster in folklore.

Novels: The Snopes Trilogy

306

1453.

Ali, Seemee. "Faulkner's Augustinian Sense of Time." In Augustine and Literature. Ed. Robert P. Kennedy, Kim Paffenroth, and John Doody. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2006, pp. 287-300. Sees a major shift in Faulkner's sense of time in The Hamlet and continuing through the trilogy and other novels. It is less fatalistic, less inviting of solipsism, more open to redemption. Faulkner, like Augustine, seems to intuit that "the apprehension of history, the attention to the present, and hope for the future are all the work of the mind."

Further commentary: #1073, #1694, #1700, #1760, #1762, #1781, #1784, #1822, #1865, #1870, #1871, #1918, #1990, #2007, #2028, #2038.

Novels: The Reivers

The Reivers 1454.

Moreland, Richard C. "Postscript: The Reivers' Postmodemist Repetitions." Faulkner and Modernism (# 16; 1990), pp. 229-4 1. Says that it "enacts a more postmodem participation in the proliferation and circulation of imperfectly accountable, quite plural humors and loves."

1455.

Polk, Noel, and John D. Hart, eds. The Reivers: A Concordance to the Novel (# 19; 1990).

1456.

Eyster, Kevin I. "The Personal Narrative in Fiction: Faulkner's The Reivers." Western Folklore 5 1, i (January 1992): 11-21. Studies Lucius's story as a "personal narrative," albeit in literature not folklore.

1457.

Arbeit, Marcel. "Coming of Age in Faulkner's The Reivers and Padgett Powell's Edisto." In Faulkner, His Contemporaries, and His Posterity (#56; 1993), pp. 276-83. Draws contrasts with Powell's 1984 novel.

1458.

Gray, Richard. "The Romance of the Family: The Reivers." The Life of William Faulkner (#59; 1994)' pp. 35871. Discusses the novel as a family romance with a continuity of grandfathers, suppressing disruptive threats, and with a sentimental recapturing of 1905 and a world where racial and gender hierarchies could still be assumed.

1459.

Inge, M. Thomas. "On Faulkner's Obscene Word." Faulkner Newsletter, July-September 1994, p. 2. On "pugnuckling."

1460.

Towner, Theresa M. "'How Can a Black Man Ask?': Race and Self-Representation in Faulkner's Later Fiction." Faulkner Journal 10, ii (Spring 1995): 3-21. Revised as "'How Can a Black Man Ask?': Orality, Race,

Novels: The Reivers and Identity." Faulkner on the Color Line (#131; 2000), pp. 29-47. Argues that the novel "poses a thorough criticism of the ideology of whiteness," and that generally in his later fiction Faulkner does not deny racial culpability but does move toward affirming a black subjectivity and toward "scripting responses" to "racial culpability," which becomes a given. 1461.

Vanderwerken, David L. "The Nurtured Childhoods of Chick Mallison and Lucius Priest." Faulkner's Literary Children (# 104; 1997), pp. 103-20. Studies the positive developmental patterns of two characters from later novels, whose stories promise a brighter future than do those of earlier male protagonists.

1462.

Sinha, Amitabha. "On The Reivers: From the Last Chapter to the First." In William Faulkner: A Centennial Tribute (#119; 1999), pp. 273-78. Sees the novel as a comic-pastoral with more subtleties than usually noted.

1463.

Railey, Kevin. "The Reivers: Imaginary Resolutions and Utopian Yearnings." Natural Aristocracy (#I2 1; 1999), pp. 168-75. Sees Lucius as F a u h e r ' s ultimate "natural aristocrat" living successfully by gentlemanly codes.

1464.

Heginbotham, Eleanor. "Living with It: The Comic Valedictories of Faulkner and O'Neill, 'Ah, Wilderness!' and The Reivers." Studies in American Fiction 28, i (Spring 2000): 101-12. Sees the works as "parallel in origin, in reception, and in pattern," and having in common their humor, romance, initiation experiences, wise elders, and even to some extent central message.

1465.

Yardley, Jonathan. "William Faulkner's Southern Draw: The Reivers." Washington Post, January 6,2004, p. 1C. Reflections on rereading the novel.

Novels: The Reivers 1466.

309

Rueckert, William H. "Serene and Comic: The Joyful Act of Closure." Faulknerfrom Within (#160; 2004), pp. 33740.

Further commentary: #1409, #1432, #1488, #1760, #1784, #1819, #1822, #1869, #1918.

111. Studies of Short Stories, Poetry, and Miscellaneous Prose "Ad Astra" 1467.

Collins, Carvel. "'Ad Astra' through New Haven: Some Biographical Sources of Faulkner's War Fiction." In Faulkner and the Short Story (#44; 1992)' pp. 108-27. On the importance to the story of Faulkner's 1918 experiences in New Haven. Preceding this is a eulogy on Collins by Lawrence Wells.

1468.

Martin, Reginald. "Faulkner's Southern Reflections: The Black on the Back of the Mirror in 'Ad Astra."' African American Review 27, i (Spring 1993): 53-57. Studies the subadar as one of Faulkner's strong early presentations of racial themes and of fates tied to skin color.

Further Commentary: # 1820, #2001, #2002.

"Artist at Home" 1469.

Hdnnighausen, Lothar. "'Pegasus Rider and Literary Hack': Portraits of the Artist in Faulkner's Short Fiction ('Carcassonne' and 'Artist at Home')." In William Faulkner S Short Fiction (#103; 1997), pp. 275-80. Argues that both stories are "ironic, metafictionist texts on writing-and-living" with "the thematics of socio-psychic and artistic doubling."

1470.

Wong, Linda Pui-ling. "Landscape of the Heart: The City and the Feminine in William Faulkner's 'Artist at Home' and 'Idyll in the Desert."' In Faulkner: Achievement and Endurance (#112; 1998)' pp. 246-65. Says both stories are about women trapped in their situations and considering adultery and about the connection between gender and artistic creativity.

Studies of Short Stories, Poetry, and Miscellaneous Prose

312

Further commentary: #823, #1789, # 1819.

"Barn Burning" 1471.

Moreland, Richard C. "Introduction: Compulsive and Revisionary Repetition: Faullcner's 'Barn Burning."' Faulkner and Modernism (#16; 1990), pp. 3-22. Based on a 1989 article, this focuses on Faulkner's ongoing revision of a key primal scene-Ab at the threshold of the plantation-and compares it with a primal scene in the Sutpen story.

1472.

Yunis, Susan S. "The Narrator of Faulkner's 'Barn Burning."' Faulkner Journal 6, ii (Spring 1991): 23-3 1. On the subtle complexity of the narrative voice, which "articulates the strategies . . . of the powerless in their attempts to control abuse." Focuses on the relation of the narrator to Abner and Sarty as they try to control anger.

1473.

Billingslea, Oliver. "Fathers and Sons: The Spiritual Quest in Faulkner's 'Barn Burning."' Mississippi Quarterly 44, iii (Summer 1991): 287-308. A reading unsympathetic to Ab but supportive of Sarty, this sees an Emersonian streak in the story set against the surface naturalism.

1474.

Eldred, Janet Carey. "Narratives of Socialization: Literacy in the Short Story." College English 53, iv (October 1991): 686-700. Sees it as a "story of conflicting discursive worlds" in which Sarty develops an "awareness of social power structures, of class distinctions, and of conflicting family and communal values." Compares stories by Hawthorne and Bambara.

1475.

Chaplin, Jeanette. "Burning Barns in Warren and Faulkner." In 'To Love So Well the World': A Festschrifr in Honor of Robert Penn Warren. Ed. Dennis L. Weeks. New York: Peter Lang, 1992, pp. 223-28.

Studies of Short Stories, Poetry, and Miscellaneous Prose Compares the story with "Prime Leaf." 1476.

Crocker, Michael W., and Robert C. Evans. "Faulkner's 'Barn Burning' and OIConnor's 'Everything That Rises Must Converge.'" CLA Journal 36, iv (June 1993): 37183. Compares the two stories.

1477.

Rio-Jelliffe, R. "The Language of Time in Fiction: A Model in Faulkner's 'Barn Burning."' Journal of Narrative Technique 24, ii (Spring 1994): 98-1 13. On the complex handling of time in the story, flashbacks and flashforths plus "images with verbal interweavings that evade common labels and that embed" slices of time.

1478.

Godden, Richard. "William Faulkner, 'Barn Burning' and the Second Reconstruction." Irish Journal of American Studies 4 (1995): 23-47. A materialist analysis of class and labor issues at the center of the story.

1479.

Saur, Pamela S. "Property, Wealth, and the 'American Dream' in 'Barn Burning."' Teaching Faulkner, No. 8 (Fall 1995): 3-5.

1480.

Mortimer, Gail L. "'Barn Burning' and The Sound and the Fury as an Introduction to Faulknerian Style and Themes." In Approaches to Teaching Faulkner's The Sound and the Fury (#76; 1996), pp. 128-33. Says the story is a useful preparation for reading the novel's narrative shifts and themes.

1481.

Byme, Mary Ellen. "'Barn Burning': A Story from the '30s." Teaching Faulkner, No. 10 (Fall 1996): 9-1 1. A rejoinder is Hugh Short, "Misplacing 'Barn Burning,' a Story of the '90s," No. 21 (Fall 2003): 6-8.

1482.

Nicolaisen, Peter. "The Quality of the Real in Hemingway's 'My Old Man' and Faulkner's 'Barn Burning."' In

Studies of Short Stories, Poetry, and Miscellaneous Prose William Faulkner's Short Fiction (#103; 1997), pp. 11725. Sees the stories as representative of the two authors' very different techniques, as well as Faulkner's less detached and more ambivalent responses to his world. 1483.

Mortimer, Gail L. "Imitation Stories and Gender." In Analyzing the Diferent Voice: Feminist Psychological Theory and Literary Texts. Ed. Jerilyn Fisher and Eileen S. Silber. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 1998, pp. 9-25. Comparing stories by Porter and Welty, says this story is about the issues involved in establishing male identity and selkood.

1484.

Ford, Marilyn Claire. "Narrative Legerdemain: Evoking Sarty's Future in 'Barn Burning."' Mississippi Quarterly 5 1, iii (Summer 1998): 527-40. Argues that "the complex interplay of narrative voices" and perspectives "synergizes the poetic vigor" of the story.

1485.

Loges, Max L. "Faulkner's 'Barn Burning."' Explicator 57, i (Fall 1998): 43-45. On the significance of the name "Abner."

1486.

Eastwood, D. R. "A Fistful of Fiction, Yet Once More: Gina Berriault, Edward Bryant, Conrad, Faulkner, and Henry Slesar." Hypotheses: Neo-Aristotelian Analysis 2728 (Fall 1998-Winter 1999): 20-25. Includes "Barn Burning" as an example of a neoAristotelian story.

1487.

Skei, Hans H. Reading Faulkner's Best Short Stories (#122; 1999), pp. 55-68. Argues that this not only is an initiation story but also has a complex economic and social fabric.

1488.

Miles, Caroline. "Little Men in Faulkner's 'Barn Burning' and The Reivers." Faulkner Journal 15, i-ii (Fall 1999Spring 2000): 151-68.

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Sees both as tales "about boys becoming men" and "the tension produced, in these boys, by social constructions of maleness," and sees the differences reflecting the growth in Faulkner of a more fluid sense of masculine identity. 1489.

Lessig, Matthew. "Class, Character, and Croppers: Faulkner's Snopeses and the Plight of the Sharecropper." Arizona Quarterly 5 5 , iv (Winter 1999): 79- 113. Argues that Faulkner often "mystifies class conflicts and precludes class critique" while writing from a conservative, if anti-capitalist, southern perspective that obscures "the class interests of dispossessed Southern farmers."

1490.

Speirs, Kenneth. "New Intellectual Identities: Faulkner's 'Barn Burning' and the (Argument) Bombing of the Chinese Embassy in Belgrade, May 7, 1999." Trarujormation: The Journal of Inclusive Scholarship and Pedagogy 12, ii (Fall 2001): 41-48. On teaching the story in China.

1491.

Zender, Karl F. "Forgetting the Father." Faulkner and the Politics of Reading (# 147; 2002), pp. 99- 116. Based on a 1989 article, this emphasizes Ab's role as teacher, the father-son relationship, and Sarty's development, but insists on the importance of emphasizing Ab's perspective. Says Faulkner fails "to accommodate the demands of psychic growth to the realities of social existence."

1492.

McDonald, Hal. "Faulkner's 'Barn Burning."' Explicator 6, i (Fall 2002): 46-48. On a flaw in the handling of dialect.

1493.

Decker, James. "William Faulkner's 'Barn Burning' and Institutional Ideology." Ideology. New York: Macmillan, 2004, pp. 130-45. Studies how the story exemplifies polyphony and a "subversion of ideology," but yet is both "informed

Studies of Short Stories, Poetry, and Miscellaneous Prose by ideology and producing ideology" through its characters and their consequences. 1494.

Dyck, Reginald. "The Social Construction of Conscience in Faulkner's 'Barn Burning."' In Misrecognition, Race and the Real in Faulkner's Fiction (#166; 2004), pp. 6574. Sees Sarty's decision as reflecting his acculturation into "Enlightenment liberalism's claims of universal justice" and acceptance of "economic inequality." Justifies Ab's actions on the basis of the "crushing economic disparity" and lack of other options.

1495.

Robertson, Alice. "'Barn Burning': Faulkner's World and Welcome to It." Eureka Studies in Teaching Short Fiction 5, ii (Spring 2005): 82-98. On teaching the story emphasizing both narrative technique and historical contexts.

Further commentary: #572, #926, #93 1, #1856, #2041.

"A Bear Hunt" 1496.

Masiero Marcolin, Pia. "'A Bear Hunt': A Faulknerian Representation of Racial Trouble." Annuli di Ca ' Foscari: Rivista della Fecolth di Lingue e Letterature Straniere dell 'Universitir di Venezia 42, iv (2003): 239-53.

Further commentary: #1595.

"Beyond" 1497.

McHaney, Thomas L. "'Beyond' and BEYOND and beyond Faulkner and the Threshold of Human Knowledge." In William Faulkner S Short Fiction (# 103; 1997), pp. 289-305. Explores historical backgrounds in the Oldham family and the ideas of Robert Ingersoll, textual changes from the early version "Beyond the Gate," the story's

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317

place in Collected Stories, and broader meanings of the word "beyond" in Faulkner's fiction.

"The Brooch" 1498.

Guillain, Aurdlie. "Waiting for the End: Eliminating Digressions and Representing Repression in Four Short Stories by William Faulkner: 'Elly,' 'The Brooch,' 'Red Leaves,' 'Hair. "' In William Faulkner 's Short Fiction (#103; 1997), pp. 29-37. Connects the form of the short story genre to patterns of repression, thwarting, erasure, and "obliteration" of digression.

Further commentary: #1569.

"Carcassonne" 1499.

Minter, David. '"Carcassonne,' 'Wash,' and the Voices of Faulkner's Fiction." In Faulkner and the Short Story (#44; 1992)' pp. 78-107. Revised for Faulkner's Questioning Narratives (# 135; 2001)' pp. 14-38. On the competing centrihgal and centripetal forces in Faulkner's stories as they play out through tensions among voices and defy resolution. "Carcassonne" dramatizes a conflict between "grand defiance" and "surrender to the real."

1500.

Vegh, Beatrix. "'The Strength of Imaginative Idiom': From Lord Dunsany's to Faulkner's 'Carcassonne."' Faulkner Journal 13, i-ii (Fall 1997-Spring 1998): 16369. Shows that a Dunsany tale, through a Lorca poem, may lie behind Faulkner's story.

1501.

Skei, Hans H. Reading Faulkner 's Best Short Stories (#122; 1999), pp. 69-82.

Studies of Short Stories, Poetry, and Miscellaneous Prose Reads the story as a poetic narrative, a dream sequence focused on "the dilemma of poetic creation" and being "about the necessity of dreams and about reality threatening to destroy them." Further commentary: #823, #1469.

"Divorce in Naples" 1502.

Volpe, Edmond L. "A Tale of Ambivalence: Faulkner's 'Divorce in Naples.'" Studies in Short Fiction 28, i (Winter 1991): 41-45. Emphasizes a pattern of sexual ambivalence tied to "the loss of male innocence" as well as connections to "Elmer."

Further commentary: # 1821.

"Dr. Martino" 1503.

Giles, Ronald K. "Dialogue in Faulkner's 'Dr. Martino."' Tennessee Philological Bulletin 30 (1993): 15-21. With a sympathetic reading of Dr. Martino himself, argues that in Faulkner's stories "plot" depends on whose version of the story a reader believes.

1504.

Boyd, Molly. "William Faulkner's 'Dr. Martino."' Southern Quarterly 34, ii (Winter 1996): 39-49. Uses manuscript revisions in developing a sympathetic reading of the story as one in which the "abnormal relationship of an old man and a young girl is healthier than the socially-sanctioned" relationships.

"Dry September" 1505.

Rogalus, Paul. "Faulkner's 'Dry September."' Explicator 48, iii (Spring 1990): 21 1-12.

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319

Shows that the scene of Minnie walking to the movie exemplifies Faulkner's careful technique. 1506.

Sutton, Brian. "Faulkner's 'Dry September."' Explicator 49, iii (Spring 1991): 175-77. On the significance of the narrator never explicitly reporting that Minnie said she was attacked by a black man.

1507.

Griffin, Paul F. "Chances of Being Kind: Rorty, Irony, and Teaching Modem Literature." College Literature 18, ii (June 1991): 107-18. Uses the story as an example of modernism's relativistic portrayal of moral issues with not fully reliable perspectives. Lahey, Michael E. "Film, Fantasy, and Assault: Accusation and Esteem in Faulkner's 'Dry September."' Journal ofthe Short Story in English, No. 19 (Autumn 1992): 4352. Emphasizes the story's concern with "struggles for personal and community esteem," with "the structures of the community that decide'' the "personal worth of a Minnie or a Will."

1509.

Andrews, Karen M. "White Women's Complicity and the Taboo: Faulkner's Layered Critique of the 'Miscegenation Complex.'" Women's Studies 22, iv (September 1993): 497-506. Discusses Faulkner's profound criticism of, but complicity in, the white-male dominated culture of the story. Emphasizes the ambivalent portrayal of Minnie and the paternalism of Hawkshaw as well as the viciousness of McLendon.

1510.

Hahn, Stephen. "Desires Become Words: A Formal and Thematic Approach to Teaching 'Dry September' and The Sound and the Fury." In Approaches to Teaching Faulkner S The Sound and the Fury (#76; 1996), pp. 15054.

Studies of Short Stories, Poetry, and Miscellaneous Prose Suggests that teaching the story, focusing on narrative method, language, and form, helps prepare students for the novel. 1511.

Skei, Hans H. Reading Faulkner's Best Short Stories (#122; 1999), pp. 83-95. Sees it as a story about women, racism, and victims, and as "a bleak, terrifying, and utterly destructive picture of a world out of joint."

1512.

Heffeman, James A. W. "The Simpson Trial and the Forgotten Trauma of Lynching: A Response to Shoshana Felman." Critical Inquiry 25, iv (Summer 1999): 80 1-6. Connects the story to issues in the 0. J. Simpson trial.

1513.

Kharbutli, Mahmoud. "Narrative Form and Content: Intimations of Authorial Presence." International Journal of Arabic-English Studies (Beirut) 1, ii (December 2000): 269-87. Draws comparisons with techniques in Conrad's The Secret Agent.

Further commentary: #540, #572, #718.

"Evangeline" 1514.

Simpson, Lewis. The Fable of the Southern Writer. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State UP, 1994, pp. 90-93.

"Golden Land" 1515.

Ramsey, D. Matthew. "'All That Glitters': Reappraising 'Golden Land."' Faulkner Journal 21, i-ii (Fall 2005Spring 2006): 5 1-64. An unusually sympathetic reading of the story as a complex structure, ideologically and technically, tied to concerns in Absalom.

Further commentary: #1688.

Studies of Short Stories, Poetry, and Miscellaneous Prose

"The Hound" 1516.

Skei, Hans H. Reading Faulkner's Best Short Stories (#122; 1999), pp. 96-107. Says it "is a penetrating and perceptive study of how a man under enormous pressure behaves and reacts, and it is also a study in envy, revenge, and guilt," in which the method of narration and the reader's identification with Cotton are crucial.

"The Leg" 1517.

Geoffroy, Alain. "William Faukner's 'The Leg': The Printed Story of an 'Unprintable Phrase."' Journal of the Short Story in English, No. 20 (Spring 1993): 27-36. Focusing on oedipal and castration themes and the role of the "double," reads the story autobiographically in relation to Faukner's feigned limping after the war.

"Mistral" 1518.

Samway, Patrick, S.J. "Intertextual Observations conceming Faulkner's 'Mistral."' Journal of the Short Stoly in English, No. 16 (Spring 1991): 65-80. Discusses the story, and other early stories, in terms of narrative techniques anticipating Absalom and themes of love and grief.

Further commentary: #653.

"Mountain Victory" 1519.

Skei, Hans H. "Beyond Genre? Existential Experience in Faulkner's Short Fiction." In Faulkner and the Short Story (#44; 1992), pp. 62-77.

Studies of Short Stories, Poetry, and Miscellaneous Prose Says Faulkner's fictions present existential situations well. 1520.

Ho, Wee-ching. "The Caste Taboo in William Faulkner's 'Elly' and 'Mountain Victory."' EurAmerica: A Journal of European and American Studies (China) 25, iii (September 1995): 1-24. On Faulkner's handling, in two stories, of white fear of miscegenation between a white woman and a (possible) black man.

1521.

Inscoe, John C. "The Racial 'Innocence' of Appalachia: William Faulkner and the Mountain South." In Confronting Appalachian Stereotypes: Back Talk from an American Religion. Ed. Dwight B. Billings et al. Lexington, KY: U of Kentucky P, 1999, pp. 85-97. Compares Faulkner's handling of mountaineer figures with conventional mountain stereotypes.

1522.

Skei, Hans H. Reading Faulkner's Best Short Stories (#122; 1999), pp. 108-23. Emphasizes the story's tragic dimension, the significance of ethical norms, the girl's point of view, and the motives of Hule and the boy.

1523.

Johnson, Bradley A. "Constructing the Female Gaze in Faulkner's 'Mountain Victory."' Faulkner Journal 16, iii (Fall 2000-Spring 2001): 65-80. A revisionary reading that puts the unnamed young woman, not Weddel, at the center and sees the story as exposing "the violent misogyny and racism of the patriarchy."

"A Rose for Emily" 1524.

Bums, Margie. "A Good Rose Is Hard to Find: 'Southern Gothic' as Social Dislocation in Faulkner and O'Connor." Works and Days 6, i-ii (Spring-Fall 1988): 185-201. Included in Image and Ideology in Moderdl'ostmodern

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323

Discourse. Ed. David B. Downing and Susan Bazargan. Albany, NY: State U of New York P, 1991, pp. 105-23. Compares O'Connor's story "A Good Man Is Hard to Find," calling Faulkner's the "yam" and O'Connor's more the eschatological "joke." 1525.

Burdock, Michael L. "Another View of Faulkner's Narrator in 'A Rose for Emily."' University of Mississippi Studies in English 8 (1990): 209-1 1. Suggests seeing the narrator "as a woman."

1526.

Doyle, Charles Clay. "Mute Witness: Faulkner's Use of a Popular Riddle." Mississippi Folklore Register 24 (1990): 53-55. On a riddle about "mute shoes."

1527.

Birk, John F. "Tryst beyond Time: Faulkner's 'Emily' and Keats." Studies in Short Fiction 28, ii (Spring 1991): 203-13. Says the story has some "remarkable . . . correspondences" to the "Ode on a Grecian Urn."

1528.

Schwab, Milinda. "A Watch for Emily." Studies in Short Fiction 28, ii (Spring 1991): 215-17. Connects the watch in Emily's pocket to her attempt to stop time.

1529.

Wallace, James M. "Faullcner's 'A Rose for Emily."' Explicator 50, ii (Winter 1992): 105-7. On gossip as a central concern of the story.

1530.

Moore, Gene M. "Of Time and Its Mathematical Progression: Problems of Chronology in Faulkner's 'A Rose for Emily."' Studies in Short Fiction 29, ii (Spring 1992): 195-204. Tries to straighten out the chronology.

1531.

Rodman, Isaac. "Irony and Isolation: Narrative Distance in Faullcner's 'A Rose for Emily."' Faulkner Journal 8, ii (Spring 1993): 3-12.

Studies of Short Stories, Poetry, and Miscellaneous Prose Argues that the narrator is not simply a spokesman for the town but is a more distanced, ironic speaker using "the conceptual doubling of dramatic irony" for distance. 1532.

Geher, Istvan. "The Skeleton in the Mythology: A Comparative Interpretation of the American Wild South and the Hungarian Wild East." In Faulkner, His Contemporaries, and His Posteriw (#56; 1993), pp. 110-19. Draws connections with "Barbarians" by Zsigmond Moricz.

1533.

Youmans, Gilbert. "The Vocabulary-Management Profile in Narrative." In Proceedings of the 1992 Mid-America Linguistics Conference and Conference on SiouadCaddoan Languages. Ed. Evan Smith and Flore Zephir. Columbia, MO: University of Missouri-Columbia, 1993, pp. 129-36. Draws comparisons with Joyce.

1534.

Bourdieu, Pierre. "A Reflecting Story." Tr. Richard Nice. In Rediscovering History: Culture, Politics, and the Psyche. Ed. Michael S. Roth. Stanford, CA: Stanford UP, 1994, pp. 371-77. Sees it as a "reflective story" that leads readers into drawing false inferences that are overturned as Faulkner "forces us to discover by methodically disconcerting the sense of the social game" we play in life and reading.

1535.

Curry, RenCe R. "Gender and Authorial Limitation in Faulkner's 'A Rose for Emily."' Mississippi Quarterly 47, iii (Summer 1994): 39 1-402. Reconsiders the story through the ambiguous identity of the narrator as the author admits in effect "to notknowing Emily, by leaving her to act beyond the language of the story" and thereby "subverts his own discourse."

1536.

Byrne, Mary Ellen. "Town and Time: Teaching Faulkner's 'A Rose for Emily."' Teaching Faulkner, No. 7 (Spring 1995): 4-6.

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325

1537.

Rodgers, Lawrence R. "'We All Said, "she will kill herself": The Narrator/Detective in William Faulkner's 'A Rose for Emily."' Clues 16, i (Spring-Summer 1995): 117-29. Says Faulkner "re-worked the classical devices of detection" in a new way.

1538.

May, Charles E. "William Faulkner and Eudora Welty." The Short Stov: The Reality of Artijice. New York: Twayne, 1995, pp. 69-71. Connects the story to "Gothic romanticism."

1539.

Ono, Kiyoyuki. "'The Good Splendid Things Which Change Must Destroy': An Interpretation of 'A Rose for Emily."' Chiba Review 17 (1995): 11-26. On the theme of motion and stasis in the story.

1540.

Davis, Sara, and Els Andringa. "Narrative Structure and Emotional Response." In Empirical Approaches to Literature. Ed. Gebhard Rusch. Siegen, Germany: Institute for Empirical Literary & Media Research, Siegen University, 1995, pp. 236-44. A study, using standard protocols, of emotional responses during reading of the story by sixteen subjects.

1541.

Yagcioglu, Semiramis. "Language, Subjectivity and Ideology in 'A Rose for Emily."' Journal of American Studies of Turkey 2 (Fall 1995): 49-59. Drawing on Roland Barthes, this is a semiotic approach to the story, showing that early on "two cultural codes: the code of patriarchy and the code of class struggle" are activated and "inform the rest of the story." The implications of the narrator's discourse get hidden by other codes.

1542.

Clausius, Claudia. "'A Rose for Emily': The Faulknerian Construction of Meaning." I n Approaches to Teaching Faulkner 's The Sound and the Fury (#76; 1996), pp. 14449.

Studies of Short Stories, Poetry, and Miscellaneous Prose

Argues that teaching this story in terms of narrative method, metaphor, and irony prepares students for the difficult novels. 1543.

Powell, Janice A. "Changing Portraits in 'A Rose for Emily."' Teaching Faulkner, No. 11 (Spring-Summer 1997): 1-4.

1544.

O'Bryan-Knight, Jean. "From Spinster to Eunuch: William Faulkner's 'A Rose for Emily' and Mario Vargas Llosa's Los cachorros." Comparative Literature Studies 34, iv (1997): 328-47. Compares the stories in terms of a device called "choric narration," tied to a pattern of "collective responsibility for individual suffering."

1545.

Nagahata, Akitoshi. "Emily and Noriko: Two Cases of Representation on Historical Change." Chubu American Literature 1 (March 1998): 27-40. Compares Banshun by O m Yasujirb.

1546.

Skredsvig, Kari Meyers. "Cultural Poetics in Faulkner's 'A Rose for Emily."' KdAina: Revista de Artes y Letras de la Universidad de Costa Rica 22, iii (1998): 65-74. A New Historical study focusing on issues of race, class, and gender.

1547.

Conway, Richard. "A Rose for Hedda." CLA Journal 42, i (September 1998): 87-90. Compares Hedda Gabler.

1548.

Skei, Hans H. Reading Faulkner's Best Short Stories (#122; 1999), pp. 151-64. Says the story is "told from a community point of view," but only in part, and is really a Gothic "tribute to the old and stubborn lady in her decaying mansion."

1549.

Harmon, Maryhelen C. "Old Maids and Old Mansions: The Barren Sisters of Hawthorne, Dickens, and Faulkner." In Aging and Identity: A Humanities Perspective.

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327

Ed. Sara Munson Dean and Lagretta Tallent Lenker. Westport, CT: Praeger, 1999, pp. 103-14. Compares three fictional elderly spinsters. 1550.

Dilworth, Thomas. "A Romance to Kill For: Homicidal Complicity in Faulkner's 'A Rose for Emily."' Studies in Short Fiction 36, iii (Summer 1999): 25 1-62. On the symbiotic relation between the narrator and Emily as well as the community's complicity in Emily's act, "the paradoxical indebtedness of a people to its scapegoat."

1551.

Rizzo, Patricia Thompson. "Free Indirect Speech vs. Interior Monologue: 'A Rose for Emily' and As I Lay Dying." In William Faulkner in Venice (#127; 2000), pp. 28 1-88. A comparative analysis of what Bakhtin would call the "chronotope" in the story and "dialogism" in one of Darl's sections of the novel.

1552.

Burg, Jennifer, Anne Boyle, and Sheau-Dong Lang. "Using Constraint Logic Programming to Analyze the Chronology in 'A Rose for Emily."' Computers and the Humanities 34, iv (December 2000): 377-92. Uses a "declarative programming language paradigm" to sort out the chronology, finds inconsistencies, but then compares implications of several chronologies proposed by other critics.

1553.

Moore, Gene M. "A Film for Emily." Faulkner Journal 16, i-ii (Fall 2000-Spring 2001): 87-94. On the 1982 film, which "dampens and mutes much of the social clarity and vividness" of the story.

1554.

Barloon, Jim. "A Rose for Homer? The Limitations of a Reader-Response Approach to Faulkner's 'A Rose for Emily."' Teaching Faulkner, No. 19 (Fall 200 1): 5-8.

1555.

Tietz, Stephen. "A Rat for Emily: Enablers of Romantic Behavior in Short Fiction." Eureka Studies in Teaching Short Fiction 2, ii (Spring 2002): 99- 102. Focuses on the role of the secondary characters.

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328

1556.

Sniderman, Stephen L. "The Tabloidization of Emily." Journal X: A Journal in Culture & Criticism 6 , ii (Spring 2002): 177-201. Offering a challenge to the common assumption that Emily killed Homer, argues that in using, and satirizing, methods of tabloid journalism, Faulkner makes readers, like townspeople, complicit in convicting Emily of murder, for which the story offers scant evidence.

1557.

Oakley, Helen. "The Aesthetics of the Game: Faulkner's 'A Rose for Emily' Plays Juan Carlos Onetti's 'La novia robado' and 'Tan triste como ella."' The Recontextualization of William Faulkner in Latin American Fiction and Culture (#145; 2002), pp. 117-54. An intertextual study of the stories in the context of Faullcner's reception in Uruguay and Argentina, this emphasizes connections between social and sexual oppression, narrative technique, and metaphors of game and labyrinth.

1558.

Kriewald, Gary L. "The Widow of Windsor and the Spinster of Jefferson: A Possible Source for Faulkner's Emily Grierson." Faulkner Journal 19, i (Fall 2003): 3- 10. Sees a connection to Queen Victoria, through Strachey's biography.

1559.

Zhang, Xin. "A Comparison between the Two Tragic Heroines: Miss Emily Grierson in William Faulkner's 'A Rose for Emily' and Blanche DuBois in Tennessee Williams's A Streetcar Named Desire." In Re-reading America: Changes and Challenges. Ed. Weihe Zhang and Rui Han. Cheltenham, England: Reardon, 2004, pp. 88-94.

1560.

Covey, Megan. "A Yellow Rose for Emily." Notes on Contemporary Literature 35, iii (May 2005): 14-16. On the "yellow-wheeled buggy'' and the "yellow glove" and yellow as "the color of objects that tarnish, decay, and age."

1561.

Bauer, Margaret Donovan. "Don't Just Sit There, Do Something: Frustration with Faulkner from Glasgow to

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329

Gautreaux." William Faulkner 's Legacy (#168; 2005), pp. 177-92. Draws connections with characters in The Sheltered Life and in Gautreaux's stories. 1562.

Getty, Laura J. "Faulkner's 'A Rose for Emily."' Explicator 63, iv (Summer 2005): 230-34. On the importance of the "rose" and on a sub-rosa dimension of the story.

1563.

Morton, Clay. "'A Rose for Emily': Oral Plot, Typographic Story." Stotytelling: A Critical Journal of Popular Narrative 5, i (Fall 2005): 7- 18. On the relationship between oral and print dimensions in the story.

1564.

Robertson, Alice. "The Ultimate Voyeur: The Communal Narrator of 'A Rose for Emily."' Eureka Studies in Teaching Short Fiction 6, ii (Spring 2006): 154-65.

Further commentary: #179, #653, #889, #1685, #1839.

"Rose of Lebanon" 1565.

Kartiganer, Donald M. "Learning to Remember: Faulkner's 'Rose of Lebanon."' In William Faulkner's Short Fiction (#103; 1997), pp. 49-59. Sees the story as an example of Faulkner's disrupting of the traditional story form. Connects it to "The Big Shot" and "Dull Tale" and sees "A Return" as a later, weaker version. The main parts of this essay appeared as an Introduction to "Rose of Lebanon" in Oxford American 7 (May-June 1995): 5 1-73.

1566.

Meindl, Dieter. '"Rose of Lebanon' and the Faulkner Canon." Amerikastudien 42, iv (1997): 583-90. Argues that this is a stronger, albeit less romantic, story than "A Return," the more widely available variant.

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330

"Shall Not Perish" 1567.

Monteiro, George. "William Faulkner's Gold Star Story." Notes on Mississippi Writers 25, i (January 1993): 11-18. On Faulkner not wanting to include it in Collected Stories but then deciding to include it.

1568.

Brinkmeyer, Robert H., Jr. "A Fighting Faith: Faulkner, Democratic Ideology, and the World War I1 Home Front." In William Faulkner 's Short Fiction (#103; 1997), pp. 306-15. On the values at the center of this story, "The Tall Men," and "Two Soldiers."

1569.

Funy, William. "Faulkner in a Haystack: The Search for William Faulkner's Television Adaptations of 'The Brooch' and 'Shall Not Perish."' Faulkner Journal 16, i-ii (Fall 2000-Spring 2001): 119-215. A study of Faulkner's adaptations of the two stories and of Furry's search for the scripts. Includes the scripts themselves.

Further commentary: # 1892.

"Shingles for the Lord" 1570.

Matthews, John T. "Faulkner's Stories and New Deal Interference." In William Faulkner 's Short Fiction (#103; 1997), pp. 222-29. Shows that even this story and "The Tall Men," two stories with an anti-New-Deal surface, still have some of the ambivalence, critical intelligence, and complications of the major works.

1571.

Hahn, Stephen. "Comedy and Social Construction: Teaching Faulkner's 'Shingles for the Lord."' Teaching Faulkner, No. 13 (Spring-Summer 1998): 5-7.

Studies of Short Stories, Poetry, and Miscellaneous Prose

"Spotted Horses" 1572.

Ramsey, Allen. "'Spotted Horses' and Spotted Pups." Faulkner Journal 5, ii (Spring 1990): 35-38. On a possible source for the title and its possible additional reference to Snopeses.

1573.

Skei, Hans H. Reading Faulkner's Best Short Stories (#122; 1999), pp. 165-77. Sees it as both a funny story and "an almost tragic study in poverty, suffering, and human frailty exploited" by an "inhuman businessman."

1574.

Vescovi, Alessandro. "'Spotted Horses': Gain and Loss in the Translation of a Faulknerian Short Story." In William Faulkner in Venice (#127; 2000), pp. 207-14. On issues of syntax, semantics, genre, and style in doing an Italian translation.

Further commentary: #1143, #1974.

"That Evening Sun" 1575.

Hurst, Mary Jane. "Conclusion: 'That Evening Sun."' The Voice of the Child in American Literature: Linguistic Approaches to Fictional Child Language. Lexington, KY: UP of Kentucky, 1990, pp. 136-48. A linguistic and speech-function study of the pragmatic, semantic, and syntactic features of the language of the children (and adults) in the story. Another section, "Faulkner's Fictional Children in a Time of Social Transition" (120-25), makes related comments on The Sound and the Fury, The Unvanquished, and "The Bear."

1576.

Slabey, Robert M. "Faulkner's Nancy as 'Tragic Mulatto."' Studies in Short Fiction 27, iii (Summer 1990): 409-13. Suggests Nancy be seen in the tradition of the mulatto with an ambiguous, often tragic, identity.

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332

1577.

Toker, Leona. "Rhetorical and Ethical Ambiguities in 'That Evening Sun."' Women's Studies 22, iv (September 1993): 429-39. Argues that the ending is open-ended and that Faulkner's rhetorical strategies emphasize the ambiguity in Nancy's situation while criticizing Mr. Compson's "routine benevolence."

1578.

Hasegawa, Yoshio. "Two Quentins in 'That Evening Sun': Faulkner's Revision of The Sound and the Fury." Faulkner Studies (Japan) 2, i (April 1994): 43-49. On Quentin's role in the story, the double perspective of adult and child, and on how revisions in the manuscript of the story led to the creation of Quentin in the novel.

1579.

Barnett, Louise K. "Caddy and Nancy: Race, Gender, and Personal Identity in 'That Evening Sun' and The Sound and the Fury." In Approaches to Teaching Faulkner 's The Sound and the Fury (#76; 1996), pp. 134-39. Says that teaching story and novel together opens up questions about race and gender, Nancy and Caddy.

1580.

Gartner, Carol B. "Faulkner in Context: Seeing 'That Evening Sun' through the Blues." Southern Quarterly 34, ii (Winter 1996): 50-58. On the importance of "St. Louis Blues" as a cultural context for the story and its "moral ambiguity."

1581.

Zender, Karl F. '"That Evening Sun': Marginality and Sight." In William Faulkner 's Short Fiction (# 103; 1997), pp. 253-59. Considers the way the story explores "the relation between marginality and invisibility," and, focusing on imagery of seeing and looking, argues that the story does not focus only on "white acts of perception" and "white consciousness."

1582.

Skei, Hans H. Reading Faulkner's Best Short Stories (#122; 1999), pp. 178-93.

Studies of Short Stories, Poetry, and Miscellaneous Prose

333

Emphasizes the importance of Quentin being the narrator but also the role of legend and myth in developing racial and psychological themes. 1583.

Fowler, Doreen. "Tracing Racial Assumptions: Teaching 'That Evening Sun."' In Teaching Faulkner (#134; 2001)' pp. 47-52. Argues that by "using child witnesses" Faulkner "calls our attention to the act of narration and calls into question the interpretive assumptions that structure meaning and narration."

1584.

Peek, Charles A. "'Handy' Ways to Teach 'That Evening Sun."' In Teaching Faulkner (#134; 2001), pp. 53-57. Focusing on voice, repetitions, and double-entendres, reads the story "in the context of' the blues and "St. Louis Blues."

1585.

Peek, Charles A. "'That Evening Sun(g)': Blues Inscribing Black Space in White Stories." Southern Quarterly 42, iii (Spring 2004): 130-50. An analysis not only of blues elements in the story but also of the blues as representing a cultural gap defining white inability to grasp fully the feelings and meanings in the black world.

Further commentary: #363, # 1715, # 1904.

"There Was a Queen" 1586.

Lind, Ilse. "The Ethnic Theme of 'There Was a Queen."' In The Artist and His Masks (#34; 1991), pp. 139-54. Focuses on the "Jewish" FBI agent as "the means by which Faulkner analyzes and judges Southern patrician anti-Semitism."

1587.

Lahey, Michael E. "Narcissa's Love Letters: Illicit Space and the Writing of Female Identity in 'There Was a Queen."' In Faulkner and Gender (#82; 1996), pp. 16080.

Studies of Short Stories, Poetry, and MiscellaneousProse Emphasizes the story's concern with female identity and with Narcissa's efforts "both to accept and to defy social impositions on her evolving identity." Argues that Faulkner also challenges an exclusive and exclusionary male control of female erotic representation. 1588.

Masiero Marcolin, Pia. "'There Was a Queen': A Question of Onomastic Difference." Mississippi Quarterly 5 1, iii (Summer 1998): 54 1-56. Discusses the importance of names and naming in the story, as well as the story itself "as an indirect meditation on a name-Sartoris-and the social and racial implications which radiate from it."

Further commentary: #20 18.

"Turnabout" 1589.

Wesley, Marilyn C. "The Paradox of Virility: Narrative Violence in a Modem Analogy." Journal of the Short Story in English, No. 33 (Autumn 1999): 75-87. On the story's concern with "modem masculinity" and "instrumental violence" in relation to a 1944 anthology in which it was reprinted.

1590.

Eastwood, D. R. "Yet More Hypotheses concerning Ethos in Fiction." Hypotheses: Neo-Aristotelian Analysis 29-30 (Spring-Summer 1999): 23-28. Compares the story with Billy Budd and other tales of innocence.

1591.

Ramsey, D. Matthew. "'Turnabout' Is Fair(y) Play: Faullcner's Queer War Story." Faulkner Journal 15, i-ii (Fall 1999-Spring 2000): 6 1-81. Using queer theory, casts a fresh light on some of Faulkner's early writing in which gender categories become unstable and ambiguous.

Studies of Short Stories, Poetry, and Miscellaneous Prose 1592.

335

Vali, Abid. "Faulkner's 'Turnabout.'" Explicator 59, iv (Summer 2001): 201-2. On tension between heroism and "the irony of the ultramodern air war."

Further commentary: # I 789.

"Two Dollar Wife" 1593.

Willis, Patricia C., ed. "Christmas Tree." Yale Review 83, i (1995): 26-30. An unpublished early tale that Faulkner said he changed into "Two Dollar Wife."

"Uncle Willy" 1594.

Pothier, Jacques. "Of Rats and Uncles: Time out of Joint in 'Uncle Willyl's Jefferson." Faulkner Studies (Japan) 1, ii (September 1992): 35-52. Sees the story as a follow-up to "A Rose for Emily," as a story about a figure at the margins of society, one of several "uncle" figures in Faulkner's fiction.

1595.

Pluyaut, Edwige. "'That One Man Should Die,' or The Figure of the Scapegoat in 'Uncle Willy' and 'A Bear Hunt."' In William Faulkner 's Short Fiction (# 103; 1997), pp. 269-74. Says both stories use the motif of the scapegoat, one tragically and one farcically.

"Victory" 1596.

Hook, Andrew. "Faulkner and Sassoon." Notes & Queries 41, iii (September 1994): 377-78. On the influence of Sassoon's poems on "Victory."

1597.

Skei, Hans H. Reading Faulkner's Best Short Stories (#122; 1999), pp. 194-205.

Studies of Short Stories, Poetry, and Miscellaneous Prose Emphasizes the irony in the title and the wasteland world left after the war. Further commentary: # 1732, #200 1, #2002.

1598.

Skei, Hans H. Reading Faulkner's Best Short Stories (#122; 1999), pp. 206-18. Reads the story as a study of "human misery, loneliness, illusion, and despair leading to disastrous actions when everything a man . . . has lived for suddenly is revealed as false."

1599.

Masiero Marcolin, Pia. "'White Trash': The Exemplary Naming of a Class in William F a u h e r ' s 'Wash."' In The Many Souths: Class in Southern Culture. Ed. Waldemar Zacharasiewicz. Tiibingen, Germany: Stauffenburg, 2003, pp. 57-72. Explores the presumptive bonds of race beneath the loyalty of Wash to Sutpen, and the impact of Sutpen's disregarding that bond and that loyalty.

Further commentary: #1499, #1856.

The Indian Stories 1600.

Horsford, Howard C. "Faulkner's (Mostly) Unreal Indians in Early Mississippi History." American Literature 64, ii (June 1992): 3 11-30. Discusses the limitations in F a u h e r ' s knowledge of Choctaw and Chickasaw history and culture, as well as ways that Faulkner revised characters and their backgrounds.

1601.

Watkins, Floyd C. "Sacrificial Rituals and Anguish in the Victim's Heart in Red Leaves." Studies in Short Fiction 30, i (Winter 1993): 71-78.

Studies of Short Stories, Poetry, and Miscellaneous Prose

337

Focuses on Faukner's combination of the personal anguish of the victim and the traditions of human sacrifice. 1602.

H6nnighausen' Lothar. "Faukner Rewriting the Indian Removal." In Rewriting the South (#52; 1993), pp. 33543. Sees Faulkner's handling of Indian history, particularly in "Lo!" as a satiric and ironic rewriting of both the romantic primitivism of his day and traditional white views of Native Americans. Kinney, Arthur F. "Teaching Narrative as Meaning in 'A Justice' and The Sound and the Fuly." In Approaches to Teaching Faulkner's The Sound and the Fury (#76; 1996), pp. 140-43. Suggests ways to use the story to prepare "students for both the themes and the techniques of the novel."

1604.

Moore, Gene M. "'European Finery' and Cultural Survival in Faulkner's 'Red Leaves."' In William Faulkner's Short Fiction (#103; 1997), pp. 263-68. On the contrast between the vitality and rootedness of the slave and the indolence, decadence, and cultural deprivation of the Indians in the story.

1605.

Skei, Hans H. Reading Faulkner's Best Short Stories (#122; 1999)' pp. 136-50. Emphasizing poetic and symbolic dimensions, sees "Red Leaves" as revolving around naturelculture oppositions."

1606.

Hamblin, Robert W. '"A Fine Land Grabble and Snatch of AAA and WPA': Faulkner and the Government, and the Individual." Arkansas Review 3 1 (2000): 10-15. On Faulkner's opposition to New Deal policies as seen in stories such as "Lo!" and "The Tall Men."

1607.

Kinney, Arthur F. "Faulkner's Other Others." In Faulkner at 100 (#126; 2000), pp. 195-203.

Studies of Short Stories, Poetry, and Miscellaneous Prose

Part of a panel, "Untapped Faulkner," this explores the intertwined significances of the African American and the Indian as the "other" in Faulkner's fiction. 1608.

Secco, Anna. "Indian Simulation in Faulkner's Yoknapatawpha Saga." In William Faulkner in Venice (#127; 2000), pp. 289-300. On Faulkner's multiple sources for Indian stories, ethno-historical facts and traces, imaginative simulations, frontier folklore and humor, and myth.

1609.

Parker, Robert Dale. "Red Slippers and Cottonmouth Moccasins: White Anxieties in Faulkner's Indian Stories." In Naissances de Faulkner (#125; 2000), pp. 71-82. Also in Faulkner Journal 18, i-ii (Fall 2002-Spring 2003): 81-99. Argues that Faulkner's invented Indians and their conflicts reflect "his own and his time's and place's anxieties about white masculinity."

1610.

Galloway, Patricia. "The Construction of Faulkner's Indians." Faulkner Journal 18, i-ii (Fall 2002-Spring 2003): 9-3 1. From an "ethnohistorical" perspective compares Faulkner's Choctaws and Chickasaws with what is known historically and shows how much Faulkner drew on "popular ideas about Indians."

1611.

Sayre, Robert Woods. "Faulkner's Indians and the Romantic Vision." Faulkner Journal 18, i-ii (Fall 2002Spring 2003): 33-49. Explores "the romantic dimension of Faulkner's Indians" in the context of his broader romanticism and the "historical tradition" of romanticizing Indians, particularly as positive images to set against modernism and capitalism.

1612.

Moore, Gene M. "Chronological Problems in Faulkner's 'Wilderness' Stories." Faulkner Journal 18, i-ii (Fall 2002-Spring 2003): 5 1-67.

Studies of Short Stories, Poetry, and Miscellaneous Prose

339

Clarifies the internal inconsistencies in the stories and outlines inconsistencies with the actual history of steamboats and Indian Removal. 1613.

Rhodes, Karen. "The Grotesque Economies of Tragicomedy: Cultural Colonization in Faulkner's 'Red Leaves."' Faulkner Journal 18, i-ii (Fall 2002-Spring 2003): 69-79. Argues that in this story Faulkner uses "the economics of colonization to highlight the grotesque in human life: it is at once tragic and comic." Says the grotesque humor is tied to the slippage between four systems of value: market, use, symbolic, and intrinsic.

1614.

Johnson, Bruce G. "Indigenous Doom: Colonial Mimicry in Faulkner's Indian Tales." Faulkner Journal 18, i-ii (Fall 2002-Spring 2003): 101-27. Discusses Faulkner's theme of Indians' mimicry of their colonizers' behavior and capitalist values and the role of that mimicry in their own demise.

1615.

Mallios, Peter Lancelot. "Faulkner's Indians, or The Poetics of Cannibalism." Faulkner Journal 18, i-ii (Fall 2002Spring 2003): 143-78. A revisionary look at the stories, particularly "Red Leaves," this argues that the stories are experimental and "politically subversive," and that by distancing the reader they deconstruct the Eurocentric stereotypes of "the Indian" and critique rigid southern notions of race.

1616.

Trefzer, Annette. "Postcolonial Displacements in Faulkner's Indian Stories of the 1930s." In Faulkner in the Twenty-First Century (#150; 2003), pp. 68-88. Argues that Faulkner not only destabilizes traditional "positions of 'savage' and 'civilized"' but also through mirror patterns develops a highly ambivalent treatment of colonialism, nationalism, and race.

Further commentary: #912, #1498, #1814, #1819, #1979, #1980.

Studies of Short Stories, Poetry, and Miscellaneous Prose

340

Commentary on Other Stories "~fternoonof a Cow" #1923; "All the Dead Pilots" #2001; "Black Music" #1407, #1923, #2040; "Don Giovanni" #1624; "Elly" #1498, #1520; "Hair" #1190, #1350, #1498, #1732; "Honor" #817, #1821; "Idyll in the Dessert" #1470; "Lizards in Jamshyd's Courtyard" #1104; "Miss Zilphi Gant" #653, #889; "My Grandmother Millard . . ." #1905; "Snow" #1948; "The Tall Men" #572, #1568, #1570, #1606; "Two Soldiers" # 1568.

General Commentary on Short Stories and Collections 1617.

Polk, Noel, and John D. Hart, eds. Collected Stories of William Faulkner: A Concordance (#17; 1990).

1618.

Polk, Noel, and John D. Hart, eds. Uncollected Stories of William Faulkner: A Concordance (#22; 1990).

1619.

Ferguson, James. Faulkner 's Short Fiction (#30; 1991). Includes analysis of first and third person narrators, handling of time and beginnings and endings, and the importance of revisions.

1620.

Matthews, John T. "Shortened Stories: Faulkner and the Market." In Faulkner and the Short Story (#44; 1992), pp. 3-37. Examines how "Faulkner's short fiction internalizes the conditions of the literary marketplace," incorporates "the processes of aesthetic commodification" and "mass cultural corruption," but also resists and challenges those conditions.

1621.

Sayre, Robert. "Romanticism and the Faulknerian Short Story of the 1930s." Journal of the Short Story in English, No. 20 (Spring 1993): 65-80. Sees in Faulkner's stories a strong romantic undercurrent, with modernism--consumer culture, machines, money-as the negative force in opposition to the author's nostalgia and desire to recapture traditional values.

Studies of Short Stories, Poetry, and Miscellaneous Prose

341

1622.

Folks, Jeffrey J. "Honor in Faulkner's Short Fiction." Southern Writers and the Machine (#5 1; 1993), pp. 9-23. On stories, particularly "Shingles for the Lord" and "Honor," in which Faulkner deals with the threat of modem economic values to traditional honor and community.

1623.

Pittman, Barbara L. "Faulkner's Big Woods and the Historical Necessity of Revision." Mississippi Quarterly 49, iii (Summer 1996): 475-95. Studies the structure of the 1955 book and offers a historical explanation for the revisions from G o Down, Moses. "Faulkner creates a complex narrative structure that both masks and maintains the power of domination." He removes racial themes, changes realism into myth, and values a "timeless past over an uncertain future."

1624.

Jones, Anne Goodwyn. "Penetrating Faulkner: Masculinity and Discourse in Selected Short Fictions." In William Faulkner 's Short Fiction (#103; 1997), pp. 38-48. Exploring several implications of "penetration" and masculinity, argues that "Faulkner used the short story form as a space" for examining sexual ideology and masculinity.

1625.

BaSiC, Sonja. "Stories vs. Novels: The Narrative Strategies." In William Faulkner 's Short Fiction (# 103; 1997), pp. 63-73. A narrative and stylistic analysis of the differences between the strengths of the best short stories and the novels, this includes discussion of story and novel versions of "Wash" and "Barn Burning."

1626.

Lothe, Jakob. "Narrative, Character and Plot: Theoretical Observations Related to Two Short Stories by Faulkner." In William Faulkner 's Short Fiction (# 103; 1997), pp. 748 1. Suggests that generally the art of Faulkner's stories depends on "innovative combinations o f . . . narrator,

Studies of Short Stories, Poetry, and Miscellaneous Prose character, and plot." Includes readings of "A Rose for Emily" and "That Evening Sun." 1627.

Blotner, Joseph. "Children in Faulkner's Short Stories." In William Faulkner 's Short Fiction (# 103; 1997), pp. 8289. On the rich roles played by children in the stories.

1628.

Sayre, Robert. "The Romantic Critique of the Modern World in the Faulknerian Short Story." In William Faulkner's Short Fiction (#103; 1997), pp. 244-52. Argues that in the stories one finds recurring romantic and nostalgic criticisms of modernism and its "mercantile mentality."

1629.

Wittenberg, Judith Bryant. "Synecdoche and Strategic Redundancy: The 'Integrated Form' of These 13." In William Faulkner 's Short Fiction (#103; 1997), pp. 28 1-88. Discusses patterning of stories and revisions from earlier versions, and emphasizes the role of "All the Dead Pilots."

1630.

Hbnnighausen, Lothar. "The Artist as Visionary and as Craftsman: 'Black Music,' 'Carcassonne,' 'Artist at Home,' Elmer, and Mosquitoes." Faulkner: Masks and Metaphors (#96; 1997), pp. 79-1 10. Surveys and analyzes the artistic personae in the early fiction, from fauns to Fairchild.

1631.

Sayre, Robert Woods. "Artistic Self-Theft as Obsession and Creative Transformation: The 'Memphis' Stories and Beyond." Faulkner Journal 13, i-ii (Fall 1997-Spring 1998): 37-55. On "The Big Shot," "Dull Tale," and "A Return," different versions of the same tale, and on use Faulkner made of them in his novels. Sees a recurring theme as fidelity to an Old South against a fallen modem world.

1632.

Skei, Hans H. Reading Faulkner's Best Short Stories (#122; 1999).

Studies of Short Stories, Poetry, and Miscellaneous Prose

343

Includes four opening chapters surveying Faulkner's short story career, reviewing existing scholarship, considering Faulkner's stories within traditions in the genre, and explaining the criteria for selecting twelve for detailed commentary. 1633.

Serrai, Roberto. "The Italian Translation of Big Woods." In William Faulkner in Venice (# 127; 2000), pp. 2 15-20. Particularly focuses on issues of dialect, idiolect, and register to differentiate characters. Pedersen, Martin. "'Tally-Ho!' or 'There Goes the Little Son of a Bitch!' Oral Storytelling Devices in William Faulkner's Hunting Tales." In William Faulkner in Venice (#127; 2000), pp. 167-86. Connects the hunting stories to oral traditions of hunting tales.

1635.

Paddock, Lisa. Contrapuntal in Integration: A Study of Three Faulkner Short Story Volumes (# 130; 2000).

1636.

Volpe, Edrnond L. A Reader's Guide to William Faulkner: The Short Stories (# 164; 2004).

1637.

Labatt, Blair. "Short Plots." Faulkner the Storyteller (#172; 2005), pp. 38-62. Studies the role of story, plot, anecdote, and cause and effect in the short stories with emphasis on "My Grandmother Millard . . . ," "Mountain Victory," and "That Will Be Fine."

1638.

Towner, Theresa M. "Beyond the Old Marshall: 'Patriotic Nonsense,' the Vernacular Cosmopolitan, and Faulkner's Fiction of the Early 1940s." Faulkner Journal 21, i-ii (Fall 2005-Spring 2006): 9 1-106. Studies, within a context of A Fable, which Faulkner began during the war, stories of this period ("The Tall Men," "Two Soldiers," "Shall Not Perish") in which Faulkner considers "the ideological struggle people go through in testing their relationship to their country, their region, and patriotism."

Studies of Short Stories, Poetry, and Miscellaneous Prose

344

1639.

Towner, Theresa M., and James B. Carothers. Reading Faulkner: Collected Stories (#I8 1;2006).

Further Commentary: #1261, #1772, #1860, #1968.

Commentary on Poetry and Miscellaneous Prose 1640.

Kinney, Arthur F. "Ben Wasson and the Republication of Faulkner's Marionettes." Faulkner Journal 5 , i (Fall 1989): 67-72. On correspondence between Wasson and Howard Duvall related to publication in 1975 of a facsimile.

1641.

Brodsky, Louis Daniel, and Robert W. Hamblin. Introduction to Stallion Road: A Screenplay by William Faulkner. Jackson, MS: UP of Mississippi, 1989. Includes an interview with Stephen Longstreet, who comments on Faulkner.

1642.

Homighausen, Lothar. "Faulkner as Poet and Illustrator." In Poetry and the Fine Arts. Ed. Roland Hagenblichle and Jacqueline S. Ollier. Regensburg, Germany: Verlag Friedrich Pustet, 1989, pp. 102-12. Ties Faulkner's early poetry and drawings to the art nouveau movement and stylized arts of the day.

1643.

"Ole Miss Has Early Draft of Screenplay." Faulkner Newsletter, January-March 1990, p. 1. A draft of "Wooden Crosses" ("The Road to Glory").

1644.

Watson, James G. "Faulkner's 'What Is the Matter with Marriage."' Faulkner Journal 5, ii (Spring 1990): 69-72. On Faulkner's 1925 newspaper essay, printed here.

1645.

Bleikasten, Andre. The Ink of Melancholy (#2; 1990), pp. 1-17. On poetic masks in the early prose such as "Nympholepsy ."

Studies of Short Stories, Poetry, and Miscellaneous Prose

345

1646.

Mamoli Zorzi, Rosella. "The Artist as Magician: The Power of the Word in The Wishing Tree." In The Artist and His Masks (#34; 1991), pp. 109-16. Sees this as a work in which "the artist appears as magician" exemplifying "the magic of words" and language.

1647.

Hargrove, Nancy D. "Faulkner's The Wishing Tree as Children's Literature." In The Image of the Child. Ed. Sylvia Patterson Iskander. Battle Creek, MI: Children's Literature Association, 1991, pp. 132-40. A sympathetic reading of the story as "an enchanting fantasy," along with comments on its genesis and textual history.

1648.

Gresset, Michel. "The DeGaulle Story Comes Full Circle." Faulkner Newsletter, April-June 1992, pp. 1,4.

1649.

LaLonde, Chris. "'New Orleans' and an Aesthetics of Indeterminacy." Faulkner Journal 8, ii (Spring 1993): 1329. Revised for William Faulkner and the Rites of Passage (#86; 1996), pp. 17-35. Emphasizes the work's contrapuntal and agonistic qualities, its competing thrusts toward closure and ellipsis, its theme of "indeterminacy."

1650.

Kelly, S. "The Marble Faun(s): Hawthorne's Influences on and Parallels with William Faulkner." Publications of the Mississippi Philological Association, 1993, pp. 73-80. Considers the probable influence of Hawthorne's novel through "thematic parallels and similarities" in the two works.

1651.

Salda, Michael N. "William Faulkner's Arthurian Tale: Mayday." Arthuriana 4, iv (Winter 1994): 348-75. A reading of the tale with emphasis on Arthurian patterns and the influence of Cabell's Jurgen and Lowell's "The Vision of Sir Launfal." Includes a bibliographical note on textual issues.

Studies of Short Stories, Poetry, and Miscellaneous Prose

Zeitlin, Michael. "Faulkner and Psychoanalysis: The Elmer Case." In Faulkner and Psychology (#61; 1994), pp. 219-41. Argues that "Elmer" is not unfocused or a dead end, but "an indispensable record of Faulkner's creative imagination," a reasonably sophisticated attempt to use new Freudian ideas to develop character. Gray, Richard. "Trying Out Different Voices: The Early Prose and Poetry." The Life of William Faulkner (#59; 1994), pp. 86- 109. On the importance of the early poetry and prose to developing voice and the role of language in creating characters. Takahashi, Hiroshi. '"Pediculi' etc.: Imitations of Imitations by the 'Mushroom' Poet 'Will Falkner."' Shinshu Daigaku Kyoyobu Kiyo, Bungaku Kagaku 28 (March 1994): 103-24. On Faulkner's early writing. Hanaoka, Shigeru. "On Mayday." Kwansei Gakuin Daigaku Keizaigakubu Ronshu, March 1995, pp. 63-7 1. On themes of romance and love. Singal, Daniel J. "Poplars and Peacocks, Nymphs and Fauns." William Faulkner: The Making of a Modernist (#102; 1997), pp. 39-60; "Elmer," pp. 73-79. On the role of the early romantic poetry and drawings, the New Orleans sketches, and "Elmer" to his development. Mandal, Somdatta. "Hollywood, the Film Scripts, and the Neglected Genre of Faulkner's Career." In William Faulkner: A Centennial Tribute (# 119; 1999), pp. 283-93. A summary of Faulkner's Hollywood writing. Hamblin, Robert W. "The Curious Case of Faulkner's 'The DeGaulle Story."' Faulkner Journal 16, i-ii (Fall 2000-Spring 2001): 79-86.

Studies of Short Stories, Poetry, and Miscellaneous Prose

347

Reviews Faulkner's long work on a DeGaulle film that was never produced in Hollywood and the influence it had on his later fiction. 1659.

Fantini, Graziella. "Faulkner's War Birtk/A Ghost Story: A Screenplay and Its Relationship with Faulkner's Fiction." RSA: Rivista di Studi Nord-Americani 12 (200 1 ) : 6 1-77. A reading of Faulkner's unused 1933 screenplay as a revision of the life of Bayard Sartoris and Faulkner's early war stories.

1660.

Kawin, Bruce. "Hawks on Faulkner: Excerpts from an Interview." Post Script: Essays in Film and the Humanities 22, i (Fall 2002): 3-22. On a 1976 interview with Howard Hawks and comments on Faulkner's screenplays.

1661.

Wilhelm, Randall S. "Faulkner's Big Picture Book: Word and Image in Marionettes." Faulkner Journal 19, ii (Spring 2004): 3-24. An analysis of Faulkner's early visual-verbal text, emphasizing the role of the drawings in encoding themes. It was an "experience in the pictorial structuring of a narrative, a practice he would ultimately transfer to his fictional compositions, imbuing them with a uniquely visual aesthetic."

1662.

Meriwether, James B., ed. Essays, Speeches, and Public Letters. New York: Modem Library, 2004. A revised edition with over thirty new items and an Introduction by Meriwether. Two reviews of note are those by Michael Millgate in Mississippi Quarterly 57, iv (Fall 2004): 657-59; and James L. W. West, 111 in Sewanee Review 112, ii (Spring 2004): Iviii-lix.

1663.

Sykes, John D., Jr. "What Faulkner (Might Have) Learned from Joyce." Mississippi Quarterly 58, iii (Summer 2005): 5 13-28. Focusing on "Elmer," sees the connection to Joyce in terms of confronting what has been called "the sym-

Studies of Short Stories, Poetry, and Miscellaneous Prose

bolic father" as well as in the tie of psychology to politics and to the regional and historical forces shaping his identity. Also draws connections with the early novels. Further commentary: #29, #156, #212, #321, #1438, #1499, #1630, #1667, #1668, #1687, #1713, #1736, #1824, #1903, #1917, #2038, #2040.

IV. Topical Studies Commentaries Covering Several Works 1664.

Skei, Hans. "The Humor of William Faulkner." American Studies in Scandinavia 20, ii (1988): 83-89. Argues that humor and comedy run through his whole career, beginning with early stories, with two kinds of narrators--oral storytellers and innocent youths.

1665.

Gwin, Minrose C. "Feminism and Faulkner: Second Thoughts: Or, What's a Radical Feminist Doing with a Canonical Male Text Anyway?' Faulkner Journal 4, i-ii (Fall 1988-Spring 1989): 55-65. Explores what feminist readers can get from a canonical male writer-in the case of Faulkner perhaps a great deal but not "an attention to female growth and development" or "women's relationships with other women."

1666.

Mortimer, Gail L. "The 'Masculinity' of Faulkner's Thought." Faulkner Journal 4, i-ii (Fall 1988-Spring 1989): 67-81. Drawing on Nancy Chodorow, describes Faulkner's cognitive and narrative style as clearly masculine, partly because of his concern with the "control of otherness" and "preoccupation with the issues of control and loss."

1667.

Broughton, Panthea Reid. "The Economy of Desire: Faulkner's Poetics, From Eroticism to PostImpressionism." Faulkner Journal 4, i-ii (Fall 1988Spring 1989): 159-77. Traces a pattern from the early writings, impelled by loss and "desire for an unattainable woman," to the 1930s when Faulkner's "longings were translated into a structural, rather than an erotic, poetic."

Topical Studies: Commentaries Covering Several Works

350 1668.

Godden, Richard. "Lips by 'Laus Veneris,' Breasts by 'Anactoria,' Anecdote by William Faulkner." Essays in Poetics 14, i (April 1989): 1-27. Studies the importance of French Symbolist poetry and English Decadence not only as influences on Faulkner's early writing but also as the route he navigated in developing his southern fictional world. From Decadence he also took a "semantic scepticism."

1669.

Wagner-Martin, Linda. The Modern American Novel, 1914-1945: A Critical History. Boston: Twayne, 1989, pp. 106-16 et passim.

1670.

Stock, R. D. "Mann and Faukner." The Flutes ofDionysus: Enthrallment in Literature. Lincoln, NE: U of Nebraska P, 1989, pp. 357-69. On Dionysiac elements, which came "to Faulkner through Swinburne." For example, "Popeye is the afflictive demon as gangster, Temple is the succubus as flapper."

1671.

Gwin, Minrose C. "(Re)Reading Faulkner as Father and Daughter of His Own Text." In Refiguring the Father: New Feminist Readings of Patriarchy. Ed. Patricia Yaeger and Beth Kowaleski-Wallace. Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois UP, 1989, pp. 238-58. Drawing on Irigaray and others, argues that "Faulkner's texts achieve their greatest 'power' . . . when they give away power and control, often to the subversive creativity of female subjects."

1672.

Peek, Charles A. "An Interview with Malcolm Cowley." Faulkner Journal 5, i (Fall 1989): 51-59. A 1974 interview with Cowley.

1673.

Wright, Richard. "A Man of the South." Mississippi Quarterly 42, iv (Fall 1989): 355-57. Praise of Faulkner by Wright that appeared in a magazine in French in 1950, when Faulkner received the Nobel Prize.

Topical Studies: Commentaries Covering Several Works

351

1674.

Radloff, Bernhard. "The Fate of Demonism in William Faulkner." Arizona Quarterly 46, i (Spring 1990): 27-50. Argues that Sutpen's design with its "threefold, unitary structure of vengefulness, transcendence, and willhl innocence . . . constitutes the archetype of demonism in Faulkner's work."

1675.

Yonke, Jean Mullin. "Faulkner's Civil War Women." Faulkner Journal 5, ii (Spring 1990): 39-62. Says that Faulkner's fiction of the war repudiates "Lost Cause mythology" and that the women characters in that fiction are a strong and courageous group.

1676.

Malone, Edward A. "Nabokov on Faulkner." Faulkner Journal 5, ii (Spring 1990): 63-67. On Nabokov's negative opinion of Faulkner's fiction.

1677.

Werlock, Abby H. P. "Victim Unvanquished: Temple Drake and Women Characters in William Faulkner's Novels." In Women and Violence in Literature: An Essay Collection. Ed. Katherine Anne Ashley. New York: Garland, 1990, pp. 3-45. Argues that violence against women in Faulkner's fiction, including Sanctuary, is not the result of authorial misogyny but of Faulkner's critique of male treatment of women.

1678.

Frisch, Mark F. "Self-Definition and Redefinition in New World Literature: William Faulkner and the Hispanic American Novel." Critica Hispanics 12, i-ii (1990): 11531. On ways that novelists such as Mallea and Garcia Mkquez were influenced by and rewrote Faulkner.

1679.

Duvall, John N. "Alternative Communities in Faullcner." Faulkner 's Marginal Couple (#7; 1990), pp. 1-18; and "Female Subject Positions in Faulkner," pp. 119-32. In the first, attacks conservative notions of community and family and gender as they dominate Faulkner studies. The second is a semiotic and structuralist consideration of females in Faulkner's fiction (as

Topical Studies: Commentaries Covering Several Works wife, virgin, prostitute, spinster) and of Faulkner's unconventional portrayals of family, gender, and community. 1680.

Gwin, Minrose C. "Beginnings." The Feminine and Faulkner (#9; 1990)' pp. 3-33. A theoretical Introduction, drawing on Cixous and others, to a feminist study of Caddy, Rosa, and Charlotte, this focuses on relationships between "female character and male consciousness" and Gwin's method of seeking "conversations with that which is bisexual" in Faulkner's narratives.

1681.

Justus, James H. "Faulkner's Fortunate Geography." In William Faulkner: The Yoknapatawpha Fiction (#14; 1990), pp. 19-41. Focuses on the complex relationship of the fiction to place, geography, scene, and landscape, and suggests that our sense of the real Mississippi has been altered by Faulkner's fiction.

1682.

Pullin, Faith. "Faulkner, Women and Yoknapatawpha: From Symbol to Autonomy." In William Faulkner: The Yoknapatawpha Fiction (# 14; 1990), pp. 64-84. Discusses the progression in Faulkner's female characters up to Linda Snopes Kohl, whose portrayal suggests "self-realization for women and new possibilities for American society."

1683.

Mottram, Eric. "Law, Justice, and Justification in William Faulkner." In William Faulkner: The Yoknapatawpha Fiction (#14; 1990), pp. 85-127. Surveys Faulkner's concern with issues related to law, justice, and moral values, and argues that the fiction often dramatizes "moral conscience at odds with socially established law" and the frequent gap between law and justice.

1684.

Feldstein, Richard. "Faulkner's Dispossession of Personae Non Gratae." In Psychoanalysis a n d . . . . Ed. Rich-

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353

ard Feldstein and Henry Sussman. New York: Routledge, 1990, pp. 175-86. On Faulkner's devices for dealing with "the decentered subject of modernity" with emphasis on interior monologues and the pattern of "personae non gratae" being incarcerated or killed off. 1685.

Machinek, Anna. "'That Troubling Presence': Female Characters of William Faulkner's Fictional World." In Discourse and Character. Ed. Wojciech Kalaga and Tadeusz Slawek. Katowice, Poland: Uniwersytet Slaski, 1990, pp. 145-58. On Faulkner's female characters as "others," often "tragic and doomed," often "independent and fascinating," set next to men "unable to cope with their 'otherness."' Focuses on Emily, Caddy, and Lena.

1686.

Blotner, Joseph. "Faulkner and Popular Culture." In Faulkner and Popular Culture (#8; 1990), pp. 3-2 1. An overview of Faulkner's absorption of and attitudes toward popular culture and media.

1687.

Sensibar, Judith L. "Popular Culture Invades Jefferson: Faulkner's Real and Imagined Photos of Desire." In Faulkner and Popular Culture (#8; 1990), pp. 110-41. Another version appeared as "Faulkner's Fictional Photographs: Playing with Difference." In Out ofBounds: Male Writers and Gender(e4 Criticism. Ed. Laura Claridge and Elizabeth Langland. Amherst, MA: U of Massachusetts P, 1990, pp. 290-3 15. Connects photographs to Faulkner's coping with the marginalization and feminization of writing in the South, a culture he felt "suppressed and trivialized art." Also connects his use of photographs and art to his undermining of "culturally imposed racial and gender classifications."

1688.

Kawin, Bruce. "Sharecropping in the Golden Land." In Faulkner and Popular Culture (#8; 1990), pp. 196-206.

Topical Studies: Commentaries Covering Several Works On Faulkner's coping with the gap between his modernist writing and the demands of popular culture, with reflections on his attitudes toward Hollywood. 1689.

Brevda, William. "Neon Light in August: Electric Signs in Faulkner's Fiction." In Faulkner and Popular Culture (#8; 1990), pp. 214-41. Argues that neon signs are invariably negative images of modem progress in the fiction.

1690.

Rubin, Louis D., Jr. "The High Sheriff of Yoknapatawpha County: A Study in the Genius of Place." In Faulkner and Popular Culture (#8; 1990), pp. 242-64. On what it means to call Faulkner a "genius" within the context of being a southern writer with a strong sense of community.

1691.

Carmignani, Paul. "Olfaction in Faulkner's Fiction." Mississippi Quarterly 43, iii (Summer 1990): 305-15. On the importance of odors in the fiction, often tied to memory or sexuality, good and evil.

1692.

Ramke, Bin. "Real Poems in Imaginary Gardens: Landscape and Language." Denver Quarterly 25, ii (Fall 1990): 101-12. With comparisons to Marianne Moore, comments on when Faulkner knows what is real and what imaginary and when he mistakes one for the other.

1693.

Inge, M. Thomas. "Mo Yan and William Faulkner: Influences and Confluences." Faulkner Journal 6, i (Fall 1990): 15-24. Compares the fiction of the Chinese writer and Faulkner and discusses Faulkner's influence.

1694.

Berk, Lynn M. "A Tale Told by an Idiot: The Problem of Language in the Novels of William Faulkner." Southern Studies 1, iv (Winter 1990): 33 1-54. Focuses on several novels dealing with the problematic relationship of experience to words, "inadequate

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355

to the task of human communication, but never irrelevant." Bradford, M. E. "A Refined Myopia: Faulkner and the New Literary History." Sewanee Review 99, i (Winter 1991): 77-85. A reaction against New Historicism and discussion of Faulkner's use of the narrative of "the education of the gentleman." 1696.

Flannery, M. C., and John G. Cawelti. "Gavin Stevens: Faulkner's Favorite." AN&Q 4, i (January 1991): 2 1-24. Traces Stevens back to a character in novels by Arthur Train.

1697.

Waldrep, Christopher. "William Faulkner, Robert Penn Warren, and the Law." Southern Studies 2, i (Spring 1991): 39-50. Argues that Warren more strongly believed that southern courts were fundamentally unfair and unjust and that both writers doubted that the courtroom was the best place to achieve truth.

1698.

Moore, Gene M. "Ethnicity and the Faulkner Canon." DQR: Dutch Quarterly Review of Anglo-American Letters 21 (1991): 4-19. On issues of identity and ethnicity in the most canonical Faulkner novels.

1699.

Andrews, Carol M. "Cleanth Brooks on Faulkner: Yoknapatawpha and the Vanderbilt Tradition." In The Vanderbilt Tradition: Essays in Honor of Thomas Daniel Young. Ed. Mark Royden Winchell. Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State UP, 1991, pp. 189-96. Says Brooks was too conservative in his basic assumptions "to see the radicalism of Faulkner's experiments."

1700.

Lockyer, Judith. "The Language of Responsibility." Ordered by Words (#33; 1991), pp. 119-53.

Topical Studies: Commentaries Covering Several Works A study of the late novels with Gavin Stevens (and also of A Fable), in which the theme of the power and limitation of language is a central theme, novels in which Gavin "stands as the fictional embodiment of the anxieties and desires that inform Faulkner's writing life." 1701.

Oriard, Michael. Sporting with the Gods: The Rhetoric of Play and Game in American Culture. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1991, pp. 258-70,296-305. Covers use of sporting myth, games, and competition in several novels.

1702.

Ruland, Richard, and Malcolm Bradbury. From Puritanism to Modernism: A History of American Literature. New York: Vintage, 1991, pp. 308- 15.

1703.

Honnighausen, Lothar. "On the Uses of the Term 'Regionalism' for the Study of Faulkner." In The United States South: Regionalism and Identity. Ed. Valeria Gennaro Lerda and Tjebbe Westendorp. Rome: Bulzoni, 1991, pp. 41-53. Argues for the relevance of the term but in a newer, metaphorical sense not with the suggestion of provincial or traditional. Further comments are in his essay "Region, Nation, and the Definition of American Identity," in Negotiations of America's National Identity (Tiibingen: Stauffenburg, 2000), 11: 348-61. The argument is also included in Faulkner: Masks and Metaphors (#96; 1997).

1704.

Kazin, Alfred. "William Faulkner and Religion: Determinism, Compassion, and the God of ~ e f e a t . "In Faulkner and Religion (#3l; 1991), pp. 3-20. Sees the impact of religion in "his determinism, the sense of dark necessity in all things," but also in his capacity to avoid despair, "to sustain a human soliloquy," to put tragedy in "a broader human context."

1705.

Wilson, Charles Reagan. "William Faulkner and the Southern Religious Culture." In Faulkner and Religion

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357

(#3 1; 1991), pp. 21-43. Included in Judgment & Grace in Dixie: Southern Faiths porn Faulkner to Elvis. Athens, GA: U of Georgia P, 1995, pp. 55-72. Considers the influence of southern Protestantism, in several denominations, on Faukner, his critique of "southern civil religion," and his portrayal of folk and African American religion. 1706.

King, Richard H. "World Rejection in Faulkner's Fiction." In Faulkner and Religion (#3 1; 199l), pp. 65-84. Traces patterns of world rejection, echoing old Gnostic themes, and argues that despite some lifeaffirming experiences there is "very little 'good news' in Faulkner's world."

1707.

Harrington, Evans. "'A Passion Week of the Heart': Religion and Faulkner's Art." In Faulkner and Religion (#3 1; 199l), pp. 157-76. Discusses the relevance of Dawson Fairchild's phrase and of Christianity to Faulkner's world view.

1708.

Marshall, Alexander J., 111. "The Dream Deferred: William Faulkner's Metaphysics of Absence." In Faulkner and Religion (#3 1; 1991), pp. 177-92. On Faulkner's obsession with the theme of loss and on his metaphysics as "a discourse of faith and doubt."

1709.

Blotner, Joseph. "Metafiction and Metalife: William Faulkner's Masks as Man and Artist." In The Artist and His Masks (#34; 199l), pp. 9-26. An overview of the personae from vagabond to country gentleman.

1710.

Pivano, Fernanda. "Faulkner's Autobiographical Masks." In The Artist and His Masks (#34; 199l), pp. 27-40. On the biographical factors behind the characters and masks.

1711.

Bleikasten, Andr6. "Faulkner, Modernism, and Metafiction." In The Artist and His Masks (#34; 199I), pp. 4 1-51.

Topical Studies: Commentaries Covering Several Works On the extent to which Faulkner's work is and is not metafictional, as well as how it differs from postmodernist fiction, for in Faulkner "the metafictional never cancels out the affective and the referential." 1712.

Skei, Hans. "The Function of Metafictional Elements in William Faulkner's Fiction." In The Artist and His Masks (#34; 1991), pp. 53-63. Argues that Faulkner's modernistic fiction addresses epistemological more than ontological or metafictional issues, but also that often the metafictional elements "draw attention to the text as fiction" so that it becomes "a text about itself and its production."

1713.

Pitavy, Fran~ois."Painter without a Paint Box: Metavision in Faulkner's Fiction." In The Artist and His Masks (#34; 1991), pp. 89-107. Argues that Faulkner's "larger structures" and "smaller scale descriptions of characters or landscapes" show "his imagination is visual-that of a painter."

1714.

HBnnighausen, Lothar. "Personae of the Artist: Horace Benbow and Gavin Stevens." In The Artist and His Masks (#34 1991), pp. 127-37. Argues that "the similarity in the content of these two masks makes the difference in their stylistic realization all the more striking."

1715.

Materassi, Mario. "The Model of Climactic Ellipsis, or, the Event as Mask." In The Artist and His Masks (#34; 1991), pp. 193-99. Deals with one technique Faulkner uses to dramatize "the paradigm of the acquisition of knowledge" and the "unattainability" of cognitive certainty. It involves removal "of one or more elements of climactic import in the fabula."

1716.

Portelli, Alessandro. "Of Voices, Letters, Ghosts, Corpses, Steelworkers, and Time." In The Artist and His Masks (34; 1991), pp. 225-35.

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359

Considers the differences between oral and literary communication in relation to devices used by Faulkner that seem like oral devices but are used differently in writing. 1717.

Moulinoux, Nicole. "Faulkner's Gothic Masquerade." In The Artist and His Masks (#34; 199l), pp. 237-43. Argues that for Faulkner the "gothic masquerade" was a device to exorcise "southern guilt," a "protective disguise" that along with the masks of "intertextuality and polyphony" was his ineffectual way of accounting for his own "personal experience."

1718.

Gutting, Gabriele. "Images of Space-Time: Faulkner's Metafictional Expressions of Art and Reality." In The Artist and His Masks (#34; 1991), pp. 279-94. On ways in which Faulkner's portrayals and imagery of space and time are connected and suggest his sense of the relationship between reality and literary creation.

1719.

Polk, Noel. "Where the Comma Goes: Editing William Faulkner." In Representing Modernist Texts: Editing as Interpretation. Ed. George Bornstein. Ann Arbor, MI: U of Michigan P, 1991, pp. 241-59. Included in Children of the Dark House (#87; 1996), pp. 3-2 1. A version is also in William Faulkner in Venice (# 127; 2000), pp. 19-36. Discusses complications in editing Faukner's texts.

1720.

Baum, Rosalie Murphy. "'Family Dramas': Spouse and Child Abuse in Faulkner's Fiction.'' In The Aching Heart: Family Violence in Life and Literature. Ed. Sara Munson Deats and Lagretta Tallent Lenker. New York: Plenum, 1991, pp. 22 1-40. On spousal and child abuse and abandonment in Faulkner's fiction and ways in which it anticipates current research "in the field of domestic violence."

1721.

Pinsker, Sanford. "William Faukner and My Middle East Problem." Virginia Quarterly Review 67, iii (Summer 1991): 397-415.

Topical Studies: Commentaries Covering Several Works Connects Faulkner's themes with conflicts in the Middle East. Cox, James M. "Beneath My Father's Name." Sewanee Review 99, iv (Summer 1991): 412-33. Also in Home Ground: Southern Autobiography. Ed. J. Bill Berry. COlumbia, MO: U of Missouri P, 1991, pp. 13-30. Considers the careers of Faulkner and Wright in the context of his own southern background and "the tension" in both writers "between the concrete and abstract that seems to me central in forming the lines of force that run through the southern mind." 1723.

Doyle, Don H. "The Mississippi Frontier in Faulkner's Fiction and in Fact." Southern Review 29, iv (Summer 1991): 145-60. On Faulkner's use of frontier history and alterations in historical fact.

1724.

Cawelti, John G. "Faulkner and the Detective Story's Double Plot." Clues 12, ii (Fall-Winter 1991): 1-15. On differences between Faulkner's deployment of detective-story plots, where truth can be found, and uses by postmodernist writers such as Pynchon.

1725.

Matthews, John T. "Faulkner and Cultural Studies." Faulkner Journal 7 , i-ii (Fall 1991-Spring 1992): 5-12. An introduction to a special issue but also a comparison of American and British work in cultural studies and an assessment of relationships between cultural studies, new historicism, deconstruction, and poststructuralism more generally.

1726.

Chapdelaine, Annick. "Faulkner in French: Humor Obliterated." Faulkner Journal 7, i-ii (Fall 1991-Spring 1992): 43-60. On the problems with French translations of Faulkner and on the neglect in French criticism of humor and comedy in his fiction.

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361

1727.

Long, Kim Martin. "The American Eve: The Garden of Eden and the American Dream in the Works of Hawthorne and Faulkner." Mount Olive Review 6 (Spring 1992): 77-85.

1728.

Hamblin, Robert W., ed. Teaching Faulkner, No. 1 (Spring 1992). This usehi newsletter, published by the Center for Faulkner Studies at Southeast Missouri State University, is published once or twice each year and focuses on pedagogical issues. Some brief items are not separately listed in this bibliography.

1729.

Chakovsky, Sergei. "'The Whole History of the Human Heart on the Head of a Pin': Toward Faulkner's Philosophy of Composition." In Russian Eyes on American Literature. Ed. M. Thomas Inge. Jackson: UP of Mississippi, 1992, pp. 161-72. A semiotic approach to "how Faulkner thought fiction communicated" and to his grasp of the dual "nature of art" as "incipiently subjective, yet designedly objective."

1730.

Crews, Frederick. "Faulkner Methodized." The Critics Bear It Away: American Fiction and the Academy. New York: Random House, 1992, pp. 113-42. A personal survey of Faulkner criticism from Cowley to the 1980s.

1731.

Bonner, Thomas, Jr. "Light in New Orleans: Change in the Writings of Mark Twain, Lafcadio Hearn, William Faulkner, and Walker Percy." University of Mississippi Studies in English 10 (1992): 2 13-26. On the importance of New Orleans experiences to the works of four writers.

1732.

Carothers, James B. "Faulkner's Short Story Writing and the Oldest Profession." In Faulkner and the Short Story (#44; 1992), pp. 38-6 1.

Topical Studies: Commentaries Covering Several Works A study of prostitution in Faulkner's fiction but also of his notion of writing magazine fiction as a prostitution of himself. 1733.

Holditch, W. Kenneth. "The Brooding Air of the Past: William Faulkner." In Literary New Orleans: Essays and Meditations. Ed. Richard S. Kennedy. Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State UP, 1992, pp. 38-50. On Faulkner's time in New Orleans, with comments by some who knew him, and its impact on his development as a writer.

1734.

Inge, M. Thomas. "Faulkner as Humorist." Faulkner, Sut, and Other Southerners (#46; 1992), pp. 3- 16. An essay first published in 1982, but not listed in Faulkner in the Eighties.

1735.

Weinstein, Philip M. "Culture: A Cosmos No One Owns." Faulkner's Subject (#49; 1992), pp. 110-53. Explores changes in "the social shaping of subjectivity" and identity in Faulkner's fiction between 1929 and 1942. Sees a shift from a "Modernist aesthetics of shock and ideological confounding, of fissured subjectivity" toward "a conservative aesthetics of Bildung, of ideological bolstering."

1736.

Koyarna, Toshio. "Fauns and Blue Hills: Faulkner's Heroes and Topography." Kwansei Gakuin Universify Annual Studies 4 1 (1992): 27-36. Traces the European influence (and the influence of Aiken and Eliot) on Faulkner's characterizations "from the earliest faun" to Lucius Priest "by following the faun, Pierrot, the Prufrockian figures and their prosaic successors." Also discusses topographical elements such as hills used in those characterizations.

1737.

Nicolaisen, Peter. "'The dark land talking the voiceless speech': Faulkner and 'Native Soil."' Mississippi Quarterly 45, iii (Summer 1992): 253-76. On the role in Faulkner's fiction of "the planted land" or farm land, the issue of land ownership and wilder-

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ness, and connections between "the female" and the land. 1738.

Denisova, T. N. "The Postage Stamp Novel: William Faulkner and Ukrainian Writers: A Comparative Study." Scottish Slavonic Review 19 (Autumn 1992): 7-26. Sees similarities between Faulkner and Ukrainian writers, not because of influence but because of a shared sense of nature and the land, a similar history involving civil war and serfdom or slavery, and some similar techniques.

1739.

Gutting, Gabriele. "The Mysteries of the Map-Maker: Faulkner, Ifl Forget Thee, Jerusalem, and the Secret of a Map." Faulkner Journal 8, ii (Spring 1993): 85-93. On draft maps of the Sunflower Management Area of the Delta, which are stored with manuscripts of this novel but are not related to the novel. Probably drafted after 1939, they are more tied to hunting areas.

1740.

Mortimer, Gail L. "Out of the Mire: Faulkner's Dualistic Vision of Women." Ilha do Desterro: A Journal of Language and Literature 30, ii (1 993): 29-45. An expanded version of a 1986 essay, this studies Faullcner's use of water imagery and of vase and urn imagery to convey both the positive and the threatening aspects of women, particularly as seen through male characters.

1741.

Watson, Jay. "Introduction: The Faulknerian Forensic Figure." Forensic Fictions (#54; 1993), pp. 3-42. A related essay is "Faulkner's Forensic Fiction and the Question of Authorial Neurosis," in Faulkner and Psychology (#61; 1994), pp. 165-88. Discusses the emergence of the lawyer figure early in Faulkner's career as "his most habitual . . . authorial surrogate, a fictional alter ego on whom he could project . . . numerous and often contradictory aspects" of his life.

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364

1742.

Kowalewski, Michael. "Faulkner: Violence in the Realms of Hearing." Deadly Musings: Violence and Verbal Form in American Fiction. Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP, 1993, pp. 162-93. On scenes of violence in several novels and their relation to verbal performance, stylistic exaggerations, and narrative technique.

1743.

Gray, Richard. "History as Autobiography: An Approach to the Fiction of William Faulkner." In Rewriting the South: History and Fiction (#52; 1993), pp. 307-16. Drawing on Bakhtin, studies the dialogic nature of voices in Faulkner's fiction, voices within and between selves, connecting individuals to their historical context.

1744.

Bleikasten, Andrd. "Faulkner among His Peers." In Faulkner, His Contemporaries, and His Posterity (#56; 1993), pp. 2-19. Another version appears as "Faulkner from a European Perspective," in The Cambridge Companion to William Faulkner (#73; 1995), pp. 75-95. On Faulkner in relation to eleven other modem novelists, all navigating between mimesis and poiesis, between storytelling and epistemological skepticism. Sees Kafka as closest in the nature of their mastery.

1745.

Moulinoux, Nicole. "The Enchantments of Memory: Faulkner and Proust." In Faulkner, His Contemporaries, and His Posterity (#56; 1993), pp. 33-40. On their common concern with time, the past, memory, social change, and psychosexual deviation.

1746.

Lind, Ilse Dusoir. "Faulkner and D. H. Lawrence: A New Legatee." In Faulkner, His Contemporaries, and His Posterity (#56; 1993), pp. 56-63. Reviews evidence of Lawrence's influence on Faulkner.

1747.

Nicolaisen, Peter. "Faulkner and Hamsun: The Community and the Soil." In Faulkner, His Contemporaries, and His Posterity (#56; 1993), pp. 88- 101.

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365

Compares the two writers' use of the village community, farmers, and "the soil" in their fiction. 1748.

Herget, Winifried. "Julian Green-Faulkner's FrancoSouthern Contemporary." In Faulkner, His Contemporaries, and His Posterity (#56; 1993), pp. 120-27. Draws connections between Green, Faulkner, and Hawthorne.

1749.

Inge, M. Thomas. "Yoknapatawpha on the Don: Faulkner and Sholokhov." In Faulkner, His Contemporaries, and His Posterity (#56; 1993), pp. 129-42. Says these two writers deal "with similar themes and situations and . . . folk sources."

1750.

Stetsenko, Katerina. "W. Faulkner and V. Astafiev: The Problems of Nature and Civilization." In Faulkner, His Contemporaries, and His Posterity (#56; 1993), pp. 14351. Says Faulkner and Victor Astafiev deal with the complex relationship between man and nature, and between the community and modernity, but Astafiev is the more pessimistic.

1751.

SchlSsser, Hermann. "William Faulkner's Influence on Post-War German Literature: Erich Franzen, Wolfgang Koeppen, Alfred Andersch." In Faulkner, His Contemporaries, and His Posterity (#56; 1993), pp. 152-60. On reactions by several postwar German and Austrian writers to Faulkner's fiction. Maver, Igor. "The Usage of Faulknerian Literary Techniques in Contemporary Slovene Fiction." In Faulkner, His Contemporaries, and His Posterity (#56; 1993), pp. 167-73. On the influence of Faulkner's work, during the 1950s and 1960s, on Slovene fiction.

1753.

Grmela, Josef. "The Checkered Career of William Faulkner in CzechoSlovakia." In Faulkner, His Contemporaries, and His Posterity (#56; 1993), pp. 174-83.

Topical Studies: Commentaries Covering Several Works On the early negative views of Faulkner for his difficulty and pessimism, as well as the surge of interest in the 1950s and 1960s, and ups and downs since 1970. 1754.

Blotner, Joseph. "Nobel Laureate and Poet Laureate: William Faulkner and Robert Penn Warren." In Faulkner, His Contemporaries, and His Posterity (#56; 1993), pp. 18695. On similarities and differences between the two writers.

1755.

Matthews, John T. "Gentlemen Defer Blondes: Faulkner, Anita Loos, and Mass Culture." In Faulkner, His Contemporaries, and His Posterity (#56; 1993), pp. 207-21. Reads Lena Grove and Eula Varner against a backdrop of Lorelei and in a context of the relationship between popular culture and modernist fiction.

1756.

Oliveira, Celso de. "Faulkner and Graciliano Ramos." In Faulkner, His Contemporaries, and His Posterity (#56; 1993), pp. 253-59. Compares Faulkner with the Brazilian writer of the 1930s.

1757.

Pitavy, Franqois. "William Faulkner and Gabriel Garcia Mhrquez: A Fictional Conversation." In Faulkner, His Contemporaries, and His Posterity (#56; 1993), pp. 33648. On connections between the novels of the two writers.

1758.

Pothier, Jacques. "Southern Modes of Commitment: Faulkner and Rushdie." In Faulkner, His Contemporaries, and His Posterity (#56; 1993), pp. 360-71. Draws connections among Faulkner, Rushdie, and Vargas Llosa, all questioning "northern" imperialist assumptions about the "other."

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3 67

1759.

Gresset, Michel. "Faulkner and the Third World." In Faulkner, His Contemporaries, and His Posterity (#56; 1993), pp. 372-82. On early readings of Faulkner by Spanish speakers through Coindreau's translations, and on Faulkner's influence on the Algerian writer Kateb Yacine.

1760.

Williamson, Joel. "Sex in the Sylvan Setting." William Faulkner and Southern History (#55; 1993), pp. 365-98; "Community," pp. 399-426; and "The Garden," pp. 42733. The first is on unhappy marriages and sexual patterns in the fiction, with sections on androgyny and incest, for example. The second is on the natural world and town and community as well as the "organic society" notion in the South. The third is on romantic tendencies in the later novels.

1761.

Zacharasiewicz, Waldemar. "The Resurrection of Characters: Aspects of Interconnected Narratives in North American Fiction." In Tales and "their telling difference. " Ed. Herbert Foltinek, Wolfgang Riehle, and Waldemar Zacharasiewicz. Heidelberg: Carl Winter, 1993, pp. 295-3 17. In an essay on the importance of "characters" in modem fiction, this discusses those figures Faulkner re-used such as Gavin and Quentin.

1762.

Lahey, Michael. "Women and Law in Faulkner." Women's Studies 22, iv (September 1993): 5 17-24. On ways in which Faulkner shows the law and its institutions as major factors "in the constricting, defming, shaping, controlling, and even the violation of woman."

1763.

Donaldson, Susan V. "Faulkner and Sexuality." Faulkner Journal 9, i-ii (Fall 1993-Spring 1994): 3-12. An introduction to a special issue, this emphasizes Faulkner's ambivalence about sexual matters and the way that "his career is marked both by his attraction to the blurring of sexual boundaries and by his horrified response to that possibility."

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368

1764.

Kinney, Arthur F. "Faulkner and Racism." Connotations 3, iii (1993-1994): 265-78. Surveys changes in Faulkner's attitudes toward racism. This inspired some responses. See Pamela Knights, "Faulkner's Racism: A Response to Arthur F. Kinney" 4, iii (1994-1995): 283-99; and John Cooley, "Faulkner, Race, Fidelity," in the same issue, pp. 300-12. Also see Philip Cohen, "Faulkner and Racism: A Commentary on Arthur F. Kinney's 'Faulkner and Racism"' 5, i (1995-1996): 108-18; and the rejoinder by Kinney, pp. 119-24. Further comments by Ursula Brumm are "Some Thoughts on Faulkner's Racism" 6, i (1996-1997): 98-102.

1765.

Koyama, Toshio. "Faun and Pierrot: Faulkner's World Old and New." Kwansei Gakuin University Annual Studies 43 (March 1994): 57-64. On later uses of two of Faulkner's early figures.

1766.

Gray, Richard. "Fictions of History: An Approach to Faulkner." The Life of William Faulkner (#59; 1994), pp. 1-85. An introductory chapter with three sections--one on Faulkner's obsession with privacy, one on "History as Autobiography" or the importance of the South and Mississippi and history to the fiction, and one on "Autobiography as History" or the role of the family past in Faulkner's development.

1767.

Rogers, David Lawrence. "The Irony of Idealism: William Faulkner and the South's Construction of the Mulatto." In The Discourse of Slavery: Aphra Behn to Toni Morrison. Ed. Carl Plasa and Betty J. Ring. London: Routledge, 1994, pp. 166-90. On how Faulkner actually "signifies" and "tropes" traditional "ideal" discourses of race and the epicene. Says the fiction deconstructs slavery's discourses.

1768.

Minter, David. "History and Novels/Novels and History: The Example of William Faulkner." A Cultural History o j

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the American Novel. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1994, pp. 215-29. An overview of the 1929-1936 fiction as part of modernism but also "deeply circumstanced by time and history." 1769.

Werner, Craig Hansen. "Endurance and Excavation: AfroAmerican Responses to Faulkner." Playing the Changes: From Afro-Modernism to the Jazz Impulse. Urbana, IL: U of Illinois P, 1994, pp. 27-62. Surveys the complexly ambivalent responses of black writers to Faulkner, for example, their rejection of the stasis "associated with Faulkner and the narrative of endurance." Emphasizes the importance of the "dialogue" between these writers and Faulkner.

1770.

Whitt, Jan. "Faulkner's Allegories of the Haunted South." Allegory and the Modern Southern Novel. Macon, GA: Mercer UP, 1994, pp. 103-32. Argues that some of the fiction is deeply allegorical and deeply pessimistic. The two sections are "The Failed Messiahs of G o Down, Moses" and "'Shadows of the Ruined Garden': Transformation in Light in August."

1771.

Roberts, Diane. "Absent Bodies and Overflowing Wombs." Faulkner and Southern Womanhood (#63; 1994), pp. 193-204. On a series of figures, including Caroline Compson and Addie Bundren, through whom Faulkner ironically confronts the conventions of self-sacrificing southern motherhood.

1772.

Jones, Anne Goodwyn. "Male Fantasies? Faulkner's War Stories and the Construction of Gender." In Faulkner and Psychology (#61; 1994), pp. 21-55. Critiques a pattern of masculine identity development and thinking that leads to war, and argues that Faulkner and his critics get locked into oedipal models that preclude female perspectives and female identity.

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3 70

1773.

Porter, Carolyn. "Symbolic Fathers and Dead Mothers: A Feminist Approach to Faulkner." In Faulkner and Psychology (#61; 1994)' pp. 78-122. A feminist Lacanian approach leading up to an argument that in the Sutpen story Faulkner exposes patriarchy itself as an imposture and that through Rosa's voice the challenge to patriarchy "is most powerfully registered."

1774.

Martin, Jay. "Faulkner's 'Male Commedia': The Triumph of Manly Grief." Faulkner and Psychology (#61; 1994)' pp. 123-64. Drawing on a model for male psychosexual development in the context of recent revisionary research, this reviews Faulkner's upbringing in a world of women and argues that his fiction presents a rich story of a "personal struggle to achieve manhood."

1775.

Wyatt, David. "Faulkner and the Reading Self." Faulkner and Psychology (#6 1; 1994)' pp. 272-87. On "the function and power, in Faulkner's worlds, of reading" and how it may mark the transition "from the receptive to the assertive self."

1776.

Michel, Frann. "William Faulkner as a Lesbian Author." In Men Writing the Feminine: Literature, Theoty, and the Question of Genders. Ed. Thais E. Morgan. Albany, NY: State U of New York P, 1994, pp. 139-54. On Faulkner's gender anxiety and the role of male feminization in the development of his artistic identity.

1777.

Clarke, Deborah. '"Worth Any Number of Old Ladies."' Robbing the Mother (#58; 1994)' pp. 3- 18. An introductory chapter focusing on "the pervasive role and power of the mother in Faulkner's work," on motherhood as a "powerful imaginative force," and on ways Faulkner's texts both reflect and "undermine established cultural paradigms."

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37 1

1778.

Williams, Michael. "Cross-Dressing in Yoknapatawpha County." Mississippi Quarterly 47, iii (Summer 1994): 369-90. Focuses primarily on Drusilla, Joanna, and Linda Snopes as "masculinized women" and on the complex sexual ambiguities in their novels.

1779.

Hayase, Hironori. "Faukner's Cubistic Design." Kyushu American Literature 35 (September 1994): 27-37. Focuses not on "cubistic elements" but on "theoretical analogies between Faulkner and the cubists, in terms of the articulation of a vision through which to seek for truth." Emphasizes multiple perspectives, flattening, silhouettes, collage, and counterpoint as methods to get at "truth."

1780.

Vandenverken, David L. "Faulkner's Anti-Bildungsromane," Journal of the American Studies Association of Texas 25 (October 1994): 50-58. Argues that Faulkner's young people go through "traditional initiatory experiences" but have lessons that "lead to confusion instead of insight, regression instead of growth."

1781.

Fabijancic, Tony. "Reification, Dereification, Subjectivity: Towards a Marxist Reading of William Faulkner's Poor-White Topography." Faulkner Journal 10, i (Fall 1994): 75-94. Discussing the portrayal of poor whites, focuses "on the question of reified subjectivity and the subjecdobject opposition in the lien farming context manifested in both content and form." Says that "Faulkner's work typifies modernism's resistance to capitalism's depthless aestheticism."

1782.

Cody, David C. "Fauher, Wells, and the 'End of Man."' Journal of Modern Literature 18, iv (Fall 1994): 465-74. Sees part of the Nobel Prize speech as a repudiation of the end of The Time Machine.

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372

1783.

Meyer, William E. H., Jr. "Culture-WarsIGender-Scars: Faulkner's South vs. America." Cross Roads: A Journal of Southern Culture 3, i (Fall 1994-Winter 1995): 112-26. Also printed in Journal of American Culture 18, iv (Winter 1995): 33-41. Considers Faulkner a southern voice on gender issues, "a proud but defeated Southerner" resisting northern power.

1784.

Ginds, Montserrat. "Don Quixote in Yoknapatawpha: Faulkner's Champions of Dreams." Southern Literary Journal 27, ii (Spring 1995): 23-42. Discusses quixotic male characters, particularly Quentin and Gavin, who combine unrealistic behavior and a sense of honor.

1785.

Weinstein, Philip M. "Diving into the Wreck: Faulknerian Practice and the Imagination of Slavery." Faulkner Journal 10, ii (Spring 1995): 23-53. Explores Faulkner's representation of slavery in a context of his personal growth with regard to racial issues, as he movingly dramatized the inhuman legacy of racism but never filly escaped "his nostalgia for immolated white innocence."

1786.

Shiffman, Smadar. "Romantic, Radical, and Ridiculous: Faulkner's Hero as Oxymoron." Style 29, i (Spring 1995): 18-35. Argues that Faulkner's protagonists hover "between two contradictory categories," with their romantic ideal being "both their greatest asset and major liability."

1787.

Moreland, Richard C. "Faulkner and Modernism." In The Cambridge Companion to William Faulkner (#73; 1995), pp. 17-30. Positions Faulkner the modernist within a continuum from realism to modernism to postmodernism, and argues that his texts do not rest easily in any one of the three categories.

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373

1788.

O'Donnell, Patrick. "Faulkner and Postmodernism." In The Cambridge Companion to William Faulkner (#73; 1995), pp. 3 1-50. Discusses ways in which Faulkner demonstrates resistance to Modernism and his own modernism. Sees Absalom as the text most marked by tension between the representational and the modernist's impulse to create an alternative world and Go Down, Moses as the most postmodernist text.

1789.

Matthews, John. "Faulkner and the Culture Industry." In The Cambridge Companion to William Faulkner (#73; 1999, pp. 5 1-74. Drawing on Adorno, studies the impact of writing for Hollywood and the short story market on Faulkner's work, often addressing the relationship between complicity and resistance.

1790.

Wadlington, Warwick. "Conclusion: The Stakes of Reading Faulkner-Discerning Reading." In The Cambridge Companion to William Faulkner (#73; 1995), pp. 195220. Exploring the implications of reading Faulkner today as both a private act and part of a collective public process, develops a model of "discerning reading," an ability "at all levels to discern differences without making those differences into false oppressive dichotomies."

1791.

Bockting, Ineke. "The Literary Character: Between Life and Linguistic Sign." Character and Personality in the Novels of William Faulkner (#67; 1995), pp. 11-40. Drawing on Freudian and post-Freudian models as well as Fowler's idea of "mind-style" to connect personality and narrative, develops a psychoanalytic model for studying the novels focusing on the "personality" of major characters. Related sections at the end of the book are "Character, Personality, and Psychostylistics" (267-76) and "Epilogue: Personality, Fiction, and the Author" (277-83).

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3 74

1792.

Bleikasten, Andr6. "Faulkner and the New Ideologues." In Faulkner and Ideology (#72; 1995), pp. 3-2 1. Argues with some poststructuralist criticism that forces Faulkner into politically correct boxes, reduces the ambiguity and indeterminacy of his best novels, and minimizes the significance of questions about form.

1793.

King, Richard H. "Faulkner, Ideology, and Narrative." In Faulkner and Ideology (#72; 1995), pp. 22-44. Explores Faulkner's concern with "narratives of foundings," in a sublime mode with McCaslin or Sutpen, in a pastoral mode with Requiem for a Nun or "Mississippi." Says his vision of history is not comfortably traditionalist or progressive.

1794.

Gray, Richard. "On Privacy: William Faulkner and the Human Subject." In Faulkner and Ideology (#72; 1995), pp. 45-69. A somewhat Bakhtinian study of Faulkner's concern with voices, language, and the human potential to develop less exclusionary dialogic "systems of speech and habits of social exchange."

1795.

Brinkmeyer, Robert H., Jr. "Faulkner and the Democratic Crisis." In Faulkner and Ideology (#72; 1995), pp. 70-94. Puts Faulkner's fiction in the context of "the ideological conflict between democracy and fascism" of the 1930s and 1940s as well as of the southern tendency to see both fascism and communism as natural extensions of northern democratic ideology.

1796.

Jones, Anne Goodwyn. "Desire and Dismemberment: Faulkner and the Ideology of Penetration." In Faulkner and Ideology (#72; 1995), pp. 129-71. Argues that an "ideology of penetration," which involves "a particular cultural construction of sexuality," underlies Faulkner's writing and explains "the dismemberment of bodies in the Faulkner corpus" and much else, even as he critiques the ideology.

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375

1797.

Banta, Martha. "The Razor, the Pistol, and the Ideology of Race Etiquette." In Faulkner and Ideology (#72; 1995), pp. 172-216. Discusses the codes and conventions of violence governing racial matters in Faulkner's fiction.

1798.

BaSiC, Sonja. "History as Vampire: James Joyce, William Faulkner, and Miroslav Krleza." In Transatlantic Encounters: Studies in European-American Relations. Ed. Udo J . Hebel and Karl Ortseifen. Trier, Germany: Wissenschafilicher, 1995, pp. 245-56. Compares three writers who deeply felt a tie to their "provincial and poverty-stricken lands on the margin of the Western World," viewing them "as an object of anger and disdain, but also with pity and love."

1799.

Mellard, James M. "Something New and Hard and Bright: Faulkner, Ideology, and the Construction of Modernism." Mississippi Quarterly 48, iii (Summer 1995): 459-79. On the significance of Faulkner in the cultural and critical construction of "Modernism" as against realism and naturalism.

1800.

Newman, David. "'the vehicle itself is unaware': New Criticism on the Limits of Reading Faulkner." Mississippi Quarterly 48, iii (Summer 1995): 48 1-99. Revisits the question of whether New Critical formalism and Faulkner's fiction were quite so easy of an alliance and says New Criticism itself was diverse.

1801.

Meyer, William E. H., Jr. "Faulkner's Aural Evangelism: An Essay in Religious Aestheticism." CLA Journal 39, i (September 1995): 104-15. Says Faullcner was influenced by "the rhetorical power of the homileticaVBiblica1 tradition" and had "a primal passion for aurality and vocality."

1802.

Vegh, Beatriz. "Introduction: A Latin American Faulkner." Faulkner Journal 11, i-ii (Fall 1995-Spring 1996): 5-10.

Topical Studies: Commentaries Covering Several Works An introduction to a special issue edited by Vegh, this is preceded by Michel Gresset's "Preface" (3-4). 1803.

Fuentes, Carlos. "The Novel as Tragedy: William Faulkner." Tr. Trude Stern and Evelyn Tavarelli. Faulkner Journal 11, i-ii (Fall 1995-Spring 1996): 13-31. An essay published in Spanish in Mexico in the 1960s and in a book by Fuentes in 1970, here in English for the first time, this emphasizes the connection between freedom and fatality in Faulkner, the sense of tragic denial, and the novel as "a form of paradoxical knowledge for Faulkner."

1804.

BessiBre, Jean. "Carlos Fuentes V i s - h i s William Faulkner: Novel, Tragedy, History." Faulkner Journal 11, i-ii (Fall 1995-1996): 33-42. Analyzes Fuentes's essay on Faulkner, particularly the reading of Faulkner's fiction as tragedy.

1805.

Urgo, Joseph. "Deep Breathing: Faulknerian Reflections on Ricardo Piglia's Artificial Respiration." Faulkner Journal 11, i-ii (Fall 1995-Spring 1996): 5 1-58. Also see Maria del Carmen Hernandez, Joseph Urgo, and Beatriz Vegh, "An Interview with Ricardo Piglia," tr. Trude Stem, pp. 43-50. Piglia thinks highly of Faulkner. Urgo's piece is a commentary on Piglia's novel and Faulkner's influence.

1806.

Saad, Gabriel. "An Interview with Juan Jose Saer." Tr. Evelyn Tavarelli. Faulkner Journal 11 , i-ii (Fall 1995Spring 1996): 59-65. Saer comments on his reading of Faulkner.

1807.

Frisch, Mark. "Nature, Postmodernity, and Real Marvelous: Faulkner, Quiroga, Mallea, Rulfo, Carpentier." Faulkner Journal 11, i-ii (Fall 1995-Spring 1996): 67-82. Argues that Modernist writers in North and South America see the natural world as "Other," albeit nostalgically-as in a desire to recapture a lost wilderness, but that for postmodernists there is a greater

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377

sense of oneness between people and nature. The Hamlet implies a postmodern oneness. 1808.

Mhrquez, Antonio C. "Faulkner in Latin America." Faulkner Journal 11, i-ii (Fall 1995-Spring 1996): 83100. Surveys Faulkner's deep influence on Fuentes and his generation, and the influence of those writers and Faulkner on the next generation.

1809.

Pothier, Jacques. "Voices from the South, Voices of the Souths: Faulkner, Garcia Mhrquez, Vargas Llosa, Borges." Faulkner Journal 11, i-ii (Fall 1995-Spring 1996): 101-18. Discusses "how much several Latin American writers have consciously claimed their affiliation to Faulkner."

1810.

Delay, Florence, and Jacqueline Labriolle. "Is Garcia Mhrquez the Colombian Faulkner?' Tr. Arthur W. Wilhelm. Faulkner Journal l l, i-ii (Fall 1995-Spring 1996): 119-38. The fvst English version of a 1973 French essay, this studies similarities and differences in themes and methods between the authors.

1811.

Prego, Omar. "William Faulkner and Juan Carlos Onetti: Revisiting Some Critical Approaches about a Literary Affinity." Tr. Trude Stem and Evelyn Tavarelli. Faulkner Journal 11, i-ii (Fall 1995-Spring 1996): 139-48. Discusses "when and through which texts Onetti came to discover Faulkner" (including The Wild Palms). Also included is a short 1939 piece by Onetti.

1812.

Morris, Mark. "Gossip and History: Nakagami, Faulkner, Garcia Mhrquez." Japan Forum 8, i (March 1996): 35-50. Compares the three writers, with an emphasis on the theme of patriarchy.

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378 1813.

Hamblin, Robert W. "Homo Agonistes, or, William Faulkner as Sportswriter." Aethlon: The Journal of Sports Literature 13, ii (Spring 1996): 13-22. Surveys Faulkner's writing about sports.

1814.

Gray, Richard. "'Implacable and Brooding Image': William Faulkner and Southern Landscape." In "Writing" Nation and "Writing" Region in America. Ed. Theo D'haen and Hans Bertens. Amsterdam: VVUP, 1996, pp. 128-38. Argues that geography and landscape are crucial in Faullcner's fiction and connected to history, all "a product of human creativity, a continuous process of exchange" tied to defining where and "who we are."

1815.

Polk, Noel. "Children of the Dark House." In Children of the Dark House (#87; 1996), pp. 22-98. A rewriting of three earlier essays, this addresses Faulkner's obsession with dark houses, the family sexual pathology influencing his early fiction, and the oedipal conflicts beneath the development of female characters.

1816.

Weinstein, Philip M. "Historical Beginnings: Slavery." What Else But Love? (#91; 1996), pp. 36-81; and "David and Solomon: Fathering Black and White," pp. 104-31, which is also included in Unflinching Gaze (#98; 1997), pp. 48-74. The first deals with ways Faulkner addresses slavery in various novels, defensively or critically. The second deals with his handling of paternity and patriarchy. Both compare Morrison's fiction with Faulkner's.

1817.

Westling, Louise H. "Pastoral Regression in Hemingway and Faulkner." The Green Breast of the New World: Landscape, Gender, and American Fiction. Athens: U of Georgia P, 1996, pp. 82- 124. Combining a feminist and an environmental approach to rethink the male-dominated tradition of humanenvironment relations, studies Faulkner's use of "the

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archaic analogy between women and earth as reproductive bodies" and the notion "that women have a special affinity for evil." 1818.

Fowler, Doreen. "'I Want to Go Home': Faulkner, Gender, and Death." In Faulkner and Gender (#82; 1996), pp. 3-19. Drawing on Lacan, studies Faulkner's fascination with death "as both a denied and desired return to origin," to the mother. Also deals with his binge drinking.

1819.

Polk, Noel. "The Artist as Cuckold." In Faulkner and Gender (#82; 1996), pp. 20-47. Included in Children of the Dark House (#87; 1996), pp. 137-65. Argues that problematics of gender, with autobiographical sources, are more pervasive than racial themes in the novels, but that toward the end of his career Faulkner fmally is able to see from the woman's perspective.

1820.

Duvall, John N. "Faulkner's Crying Game: Male Homosexual Panic." In Faulkner and Gender (#82; 1996), pp. 48-72. Explores Faulkner's treatment of the question of masculinity and "a larger cultural pathology in male sexual self-identification." Says that Faulkner "does not disavow . . . the male homosexual."

1821.

Parker, Robert Dale. "Sex and Gender, Feminine and Masculine: Faulkner and the Polymorphous Exchange of Cultural Binaries." In Faulkner and Gender (#82; 1996), pp. 73-96. Deals with Faulkner's obsessive and continuing concern "about the burdens on masculinity" and his use of homosexual situations.

1822.

Rogers, David. "Maternalizing the Epicene: Faulkner's Paradox of Form and Gender." In Faulkner and Gender (#82; 1996), pp. 97-1 19.

Topical Studies: Commentaries Covering Several Works Explores various ways in which Faulkner uses the "epicene" trope, including characters like Cecily Saunders and Ratliff. 1823.

Gresset, Michel. "Faulkner, Home, and the Ocean." In Faulkner and the Artist (#81; 1996), pp. 3 1-50. On patterns of "going away and coming back" home in the fiction.

1824.

Donaldson, Susan V. "Cracked Urns: Faulkner, Gender, and Art in the South." In Faulkner and the Artist (#81; 1996), pp. 51-81. Emphasizing the Pierrot figure and the "urn" image, studies Faulkner's concern with masculinity in his role as an artist in a context of southern women writers.

1825.

Reid, Panthea. "The Scene of Writing and the Shape of Language for Faulkner When 'Matisse and Picasso Yet Painted."' In Faulkner and the Artist (#8 1; 1996), pp. 82109. Emphasizing the time in New Orleans and Paris, studies the impact on Faulkner around 1925 of postImpressionist painting, revealing to him the potential autonomy of the art work and artist.

1826.

Hines, Thomas S. "William Faulkner and the Meaning of Architecture: The Greek Revival of Yoknapatawpha." In Faulkner and the Artist (#8 1; 1996), pp. 110-40. On the importance of buildings and houses, and Greek Revival architecture, to Faulkner's fiction.

1827.

Kreiswirth, Martin. "'Paradoxical and Outrageous Discrepancy': Transgression, Auto-Intertextuality, and Faulkner's Yoknapatawpha." In Faulkner and the Artist (#8 1; 1996), pp. 161-80. Drawing on Foucault, explores the intertextuality in the fiction, the "discursive instabilities," the transgressive textual activity that works "with and against . . . henneneutic closure."

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381

1828.

Waid, Candace. "The Signifying Eye: Faulkner's Artists and the Engendering of Art." In Faulkner and the Artist (#81; 1996), pp. 208-49. On Faulkner's obsessive concern with the relationship between artistic creation and woman's procreation, focusing on Mosquitoes, "Wild Palms," and The Sound and the F u v .

1829.

Lahey, Michael. "The Complex Art of Justice: Lawyers and Lawmakers as Faukner's Dubious Artist-Figures." In Faulkner and the Artist (#8 1; 1996), pp. 250-68. Says Faulkner often compares lawyers to artists, but sees law as "society's most dangerous art," often corrupted and "indifferent to the community" it is supposed to serve.

1830.

Lockyer, Judith. "'Postulating What Is': Faulkner's Negative Constructions." Chiba Review 18 (1996): 12-23.

1831.

Gantt, Patricia M. "'This Guerrilla Warfare of Everyday Life': The Politics of Clothing in Faulkner's Fiction." Mississippi Quarterly 49, iii (Summer 1996): 409-23. On Faulkner's use of clothing worn by women characters, often men's clothing, as part of his ambivalent development of strong women including Charlotte.

1832.

Srikanth, Rajini. "Why I, a Woman of Color from India, Enjoy Teaching William Faulkner." Mississippi Quarterly 49, iii (Summer 1996): 441-56. Justifies the importance of Faulkner as a writer who "illuminates and privileges the process and labor involved in the articulation of selfhood" and radically explores "the conditions of white subjectivity and white privilege" and thereby takes a step "toward the dismantling of that privilege."

1833.

Meeter, Glenn A. "Beyond Lexicon: Biblical 'Allusion' in Faulkner." Mississippi Quarterly 49, iii (Summer 1996): 595-602. On conceptual, not verbal, allusions to the Bible.

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382

1834.

Henninger, Katherine. "'It's an Outrage': Pregnancy and Abortion in Faulkner's Fiction of the Thirties." Faulkner Journal 12, i (Fall 1996): 23-4 1. Traces "the role of gender in shaping and maintaining" the cultural narratives in Faulkner's work, and argues that "women's bodies function both as structural supports for and as potential rupturing agents of male cultural hegemony."

1835.

VanderVeen, Arthur A. "Faulkner, the Interwar Gold Standard, and Discourses of Value in the 1930s." Faulkner Journal 12, i (Fall 1996): 43-62. Connects economic concerns related to standards of value (gold standard, equivalencies, user confidence) with self-fashioning and perspectives on the self (realist, performative).

1836.

Hahn, Stephen. "'Life Is Motion': Keats and Faulkner in the Classroom." Teaching Faulkner, No. 10 (Fall 1996): 5-9.

1837.

Wyatt, David. "Faulkner's Hundred." Southern Review 33, i (Winter 1997): 197-2 12. Discusses Faulkner's impact on later writers such as Garcia Mkquez and Morrison, and suggests interest in Faulkner may be declining.

1838.

May, Rachel. "Sensible Elocution: How Translation Works in & upon Punctuation." The Translator 3, i (1997): 1-20. Studies Russian and French translations of three novels to analyze how translators adjust punctuation, for example, to "resolve incomplete phrases or separate intertwined voices" and to convey the "topology of expectations and interrelations" Faulkner intends.

1839.

Kodat, Catherine Gunther. "Pulp Fictions: Reading Faulkner for the 21" Century." Faulkner Journal 12, ii (Spring 1997): 69-86.

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Explores what reading Faulkner may mean to a younger generation, as well as relationships between Faulkner's work and Tarantino's films. 1840.

Cohn, Deborah. "'He Was One of Us': The Reception of William Faulkner and the U.S. South by Latin American Authors." Comparative Literature Studies 34, ii (1997): 149-69. Argues that a sense of commonality in "the experiences of the South and Latin America" has been as important as modernist techniques to the attractiveness of Faulkner's fiction to Garcia Mhrquez and other writers.

1841.

Kazin, Alfred. "Faulkner: God Over the South." God and the American Writer. New York: Knopf, 1997, pp. 23453. On the influence of southern Calvinism and his own skepticism on Faulkner's fiction.

1842.

HUnnighausen, Lothar. "Faulkner's Southern Masks." Amerikastudien 42, ii ( 1 997): 207- 15. Studies Faulkner's role-playing in interviews "as a matter of discourse" and a kind of self-projection in which the interviewers participated.

1843.

Davis, William D. "William Faulkner's Stopped Clock: Time in Yoknapatawpha County." In Appropriations and Impositions: National, Regional and Sexual Identity in Literature. Ed. Igor Namitil and Robert B. Pynsent. Bratislava, Slovakia: Nhrodn6 literame centrum, 1997, pp. 164-76.

1844.

BaSiC, Sonja. "Faulkner and Joyce: A Joint Narrativelstylistic Protocol." Studia Romanica et Anglica Zagrabiensa 42 (1997): 13-25. Argues that the writers have in common not only the direct, stream-of-consciousness strategy but also distancing strategies that are more auctorial and ludic, found in later Faulkner, for example, in The Wild Palms and The Hamlet.

384

Topical Studies: Commentaries Covering Several Works

1845.

Duvall, John N. "Toni Morrison and the Anxiety of Faulknerian Influence." In Unflinching Gaze (#98; 1997), pp. 3-16. On the complexity of Faulkner's influence, the way Morrison changes our reading of Faulkner, and the benefits of teaching their works together.

1846.

Denard, Carolyn. "The Long, High Gaze: The Mythical Consciousness of Toni Morrison and William Faulkner." In Unflinching Gaze (#98; 1997), pp. 17-30. Argues that they are alike in their mythical consciousness, use of the "gaze," sympathetic focus on the "other," and sense of history.

1847.

Dimino, Andrea. "Toni Morrison and William Faulkner: Remapping Culture." In Unflinching Gaze (#98; 1997), pp. 3 1-47. On Morrison's complex relationship to Faulkner's work and on the differences between their notions of the artist and between their relations with the critical and academic community.

1848.

Batty, Nancy Ellen. "Riff, Refrain, Refrarne: Toni Morrison's Song of Absalom." In Unflinching Gaze (#98; 1997), pp. 77-98. On ways both writers use voice and music at moments "that serve to rupture the closed economy of the gaze."

1849.

O'Donnell, Patrick. "Faulkner in Light of Morrison." In Unjlinching Gaze (#98; 1997)' pp. 219-27. Emphasizes how through Morrison's fiction one may learn to read Faulkner more fully.

1850.

Bleikasten, Andre. "'It Still Wasn't Enough': The Novelist as Failed Short Story Writer." In William Faulkner S Short Fiction (#103; 1997), pp. 19-28. Suggesting that seeing Faulkner's work within distinct generic boxes is not helpful, discusses Faulkner's movement between genres of short story, novel, and story cycle.

Topical Studies: Commentaries Covering Several Works

385

1851.

McHaney, Pearl. "Eudora Welty on Faulkner Short Fiction: 'not meteors but comets."' In William Faulkner's Short Fiction (#103; 1997), pp. 93-105. Discusses Welty's comments on Faulkner as sensitive and insightful, in contrast with comments by Porter, Gordon, and Edmund Wilson.

1852.

Donaldson, Susan V. "Dangerous Women and Gothic Debates: Faukner, Welty, and Tales of the Grotesque." In William Faulkner 's Short Fiction (# 103; 1997)' pp. 10616. Emphasizing the role of spectacle and gaze, as well as Faulkner's ambivalences, explores their use of "southen gothic" and the grotesque in relation to complications posed by the New Woman in the South.

1853.

Fowler, Doreen. "Introduction: Faulkner's 'Heart in Conflict."' Faulkner (#94; 1997)' pp. 1-31; and "Epilogue: Lacan, Faukner, and the Power of the Word," pp. 167-72. The first introduces a Lacanian study of Faulkner's fiction by using Lacan's "narrative of subjectivity" to reconsider Faulkner's life because it "offers a way of reading Faulkner's ambivalent responses toward mother- and father-figures" and attachment to mother- and father-substitutes. The second argues that "Faukner's texts powerfully illustrate the arbitrary relationship between the signifier and the signified."

1854.

Doyle, Don H. "Faulkner's History: Sources and Interpretation." In Faulkner in Cultural Context (#97; 1997), pp. 3-38. Traces the history of Lafayette County that Faulkner used, not always accurately, and suggests he had a special problem dealing with the Reconstruction period.

1855.

Jones, Anne Goodwyn. "'Like a Virgin': Faulkner, Sexual Cultures, and the Romance of Resistance." In Faulkner in Cultural Context (#97; 1997), pp. 39-74.

Topical Studies: Commentaries Covering Several Works A cultural studies approach that focuses on "resistance" and says Faulkner's novels encode that issue "in terms of sexuality" within two contextssouthern sexual paternalism and an emerging "national culture of sexuality." 1856.

Matthews, John T. "Faulkner and Proletarian Literature." In Faulkner in Cultural Context (#97; 1997), pp. 166-90. Tracing connections between Faulkner's highmodernist fiction and literature on the left, argues that Faulkner worked close "to the projects of social and economic critique so central to the proletarian movement" despite rejecting "an explicit revolutionary vision."

1857.

Bercovitch, Sacvan. "Culture in a Faullcnerian Context." In Faulkner in Cultural Context (#97; 1997), pp. 284-3 10. On the cognitive validity of fictional texts, using Light in August and a piece by Wittgenstein as comparative examples, within their various contexts.

1858.

Luce, Dianne C. "John A. Murrell and the Imaginations of Sirnms and Faulkner." In William Gilmore Simms and the American Frontier. Ed. John Caldwell Guilds and Caroline Collins. Athens, GA: U of Georgia P, 1997, pp. 23757. Compares their treatment of the frontier in fiction.

1859.

Hhnighausen, Lothar. "Role-Play in Photos, Letters, and Interviews." Faulkner: Masks and Metaphors (#96; 1997), pp. 3-55; "Masks and Metaphors," pp. 56-75; and "Faulkner and the Regional Context," pp. 182-222. The fust explores Faulkner's self-fashioning and role-playing over his career with attention to photographs and the need for rhetorical analysis of interviews. The second develops a methodology that is anthropological and rhetorical seeing role-playing "as a communicative act and artistic strategy." The third sees regionalism as a complex, not simply a reactionary, element in Faulkner's fiction.

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3 87

1860.

Millgate, Michael. "Was Malcolm Cowley Right? The Short Stories in Faulkner's Non-episodic Novels." In William Faulkner 's Short Fiction (# 103; 1997), pp. 164-72. On the role of stories and "individually forged narrative units" (such as "Twilight") in novels that are not short story composites.

1861.

Sykes, John. "Faulkner, Calvinism, and Religion." Journal of Presbyterian History 75 (1997): 42-53. Says Faulkner developed a kind of tragic humanism as an alternative to the southern Calvinism he eschewed.

1862.

Cherry, Wynn. "William Faulkner and Lillian Smith: Two Distinct Journeys." Southern Quarterly 35, iv (Summer 1997): 23-30. A comparative study of writers who dealt with similar themes but looked at their world differently.

1863.

Allen, Sharon Lubkemann. "Dispossessed Sons and Displaced Meaning in Faulkner's Modem Cosmos." Mississippi Quarterly 50, iii (Summer 1997): 427-43. Argues that Faulkner's fiction is full of sons dispossessed of their expected futures and that while their stories are dark and ironic, there are elements of the comic and of reconciliation.

1864.

Yoder, Edwin M., Jr. "Faulkner and Race: Art and Punditry." Virginia Quarterly Review 73, iv (August 1997): 566-74. Says that even as Faulkner's most problematic side is connected to his ambivalence on some racial matters, his standing as perhaps America's greatest novelist is tied to his complex insights into racial issues.

1865.

Dodge, Robert. "A Use of Humor in William Faulkner." Popular Culture Review 8, ii (August 1997): 135-46. Argues that Faulkner often uses humor to defer or prevent resolution of tensions or ambivalences in the novels.

Topical Studies: Commentaries Covering Several Works

388

1866.

Donaldson, Susan V. "Making a Spectacle: Welty, Faukner, and Southern Gothic." Mississippi Quarterly 50, iv (Fall 1997): 567-83. Compares their uses of the Gothic to deal with changing gender relations and says Faulkner's "short story portraits of women reverberate with the effort--only partially successful-to inscribe cultural narratives of Southern femininity upon women's bodies."

1867.

Glaap, Albert-Reiner. "Revisiting Faulkner in Literature Classes: The Author's Narrative Prose in Secondary Schools." Amerikastudien 42, iv (1997): 537-46. Laments and discusses the decline in the use of Faulkner's stories in German schools.

1868.

Honnighausen, Lothar. "The Impact of the Arts on Faulkner's Writing." Amerikastudien 42, iv (1997): 559-71. Emphasizing stylization and distortion, discusses the ways Faulkner's interest in visual art influenced the fiction. HOnnighausen also edited this Special Issue on "William Faulkner: German Responses 1997" and wrote "Conclusion: Faulkner's Achievement," pp. 685-92, as well as an "Introduction," pp. 523-27.

1869.

Urgo, Joseph R. "Introduction: Reiving and Writing." Faulkner Journal 13, i-ii (Fall 1997-Spring 1998): 3- 14. Introducing a special issue on "Faulkner the Reiver," this discusses the background and the significance to Faulkner of the term.

1870.

Pothier, Jacques. "The Designs of Faulkner's 'Yoknapatawpha Saga' and Balzac's Human Come&." Faulkner Journal 13, i-ii (Fall 1997-Spring 1998): 111-32. Shows "how Faulkner may have appropriated the Balzacian ambition" and how "the relationship between Faulkner's fictional world . . . and the outside world came to differ from the French model."

1871.

Wittenberg, Judith Bryant. "William Faulkner, T. S. Stribling, Trilogistic Intertextuality and the Politics of the

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3 89

Canon." Faulkner Journal 13, i-ii (Fall 1997-Spring 1998): 149-62. On relationships between the works of the two writers and on the dearth of attention to Stribling. 1872.

Meyer, William E. H., Jr. "Faulkner, Hemingway, et al.: The Emersonian Test of American Authorship." Journal of American Culture 21, i (Spring 1998): 35-42. Also published in Mississippi Quarterly 5 1 , iii (Summer 1998): 557-7 1. On the difficulty of being both a great American visual writer and also a great southern verbal-aural writer. Says Faulkner's "Southern lyricism and historicism continue to promote auralilty over hard-nosed vision."

1873.

Inge, M. Thomas. "The Dixie Limited: Writers on Faulkner and His Influence." In Faulkner: Achievement and Endurance (# 112; 1998), pp. 46-8 1. The volume also includes Inge's "William Faulkner: Biography," pp. 362-69.

1874.

Moss, William. "He Was Talking About a Girl . . . He Had to Talk About Something: William Faulkner on the Subject and the Object of Literature." In Faulkner: Achievement and Endurance (# 112; 1998), pp. 161-75. Wrestles with the problem of seeing Faulkner's work as having wide relevance or as being confmed as southern realism or, in poststructuralist terms, by his own gender, race, and class.

1875.

Yujie, Wei. "Faulkner's Two Worlds." In Faulkner: Achievement and Endurance (# 112; 1998), pp. 230-45. Divides the characters into those locked into a rigid pattern or escaping to the past and those rebuilding a new world.

1876.

Blotner, Joseph. "Faulkner: Achievement and Endurance." In The Achievement of William Faulkner (#108; 1998)' pp. 7-14.

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3 90

An overview of Faulkner's career and continuing relevance. 1877.

Davis, Thadious M. "Faulkner in the Future." In The Achievement of William Faulkner (#108; 1998), pp. 1519. Says the fiction will endure because of its "enabling discourse on race," its creation of a "language of loss" and richness of style, its vision of concern about destruction of our world, and Faulkner's achievement as a "novelist of memory."

1878.

Hannighausen, Lothar. "What Remains of Faulkner?" In The Achievement of William Faulkner (#108; 1998), pp. 21-25. Sees Faulkner enduring because of the breadth of his vision, "his amazing narrative and linguistic genius," his risk-taking, and his "ability to change" and "start anew."

1879.

Kreyling, Michael. "Southern Writing under the Influence of William Faulkner." Inventing Southern Literature. Jackson, MS: UP of Mississippi, 1998, pp. 126-47. On the creation of Faulkner's self-myth, his dismantling of it later in his career, and the "imposition" of a "dominating presence" of Faulkner by critics and historians.

1880.

Ellis, R. J. "Introduction" to Special Issue on "Faulkner and Modernism." Renaissance and Modern Studies 41 (1998): 1-12. An introduction to essays exploring Faulkner as a modernist within a broad, pluralistic framework.

1881.

Rogers, David. "A Perspective of Imbalance: The 'CashValue' of Faulkner's Marginal Man." Renaissance and Modern Studies 4 1 ( 1 998): 29-46. Rethinks Faulkner's modernism against recent studies by Singal and Moreland and connects it to dismantling conventional racial and sexual dichotomies

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391

and to the use of "marginal men" like Gilligan and Ratliff to convey his own "slant." 1882.

Towner, Theresa M. "African American Writing on the Road to Hell: Faulkner as Literary Ancestor." Renaissance and Modern Studies 41 (1998): 118-32. Discusses ways in which Ellison, Morrison, and David Bradley rewrite Faulkner, particularly Go Down, Moses, "into their own unmistakable fictional worlds."

1883.

Ono, Kiyoyuki. "Faulkner's Concept of Courage." Chiba Review 19-20 (1998): 56-66. Discusses Faulkner's notions of courage as both physical and moral, as both deed and integrity.

1884.

Holland-Toll, Linda J. "Absence Absolute: The Recurring Pattern of Faulknerian Tragedy." Mississippi Quarterly 5 1, iii (Summer 1998): 435-52. Traces a common thread in Faulkner's tragedies that includes an "aesthetic locus" (watch, coffin) suggesting the dark void implied by the tragedy and a secondary character (Doc Hines, Mr. Compson) "who exudes corruption" and helps drive the tragic action.

1885.

O'Donnell, Heather. "Limiting the Dixie Limited: Teaching through The Portable Faulkner." Mississippi Quarterly 5 1, iii (Summer 1998): 573-79. On the experience of teaching a Faulkner seminar using Cowley's text and Preface as an introduction and frame for the course.

1886.

Stewart, George G. "Yoknapatawpha: Images and Voices." Southern Cultures 4, iii (Fall 1998): 3 1-53. Passages from the novels plus photographs, all designed to capture the dark spirit of the pre-1943 world Faulkner created.

1887.

Lidnard, Marie H. "Faulkner's Poetics of Heat: Summer's Curse." Faulkner Journal 14, i (Fall 1998): 53-66.

Topical Studies: Commentaries Covering Several Works Drawing on Bachelard, explores Faulkner's use of heat as climatic reality and metaphor. Heat "becomes internalized to represent inner suffering," and the "poetics of heat expresses . . . Southern culture's preoccupation with violence." 1888.

Watson, Jay. "And Now What's to Do: Faulkner, Reading, Praxis." Faulkner Journal 14, i (Fall 1998): 67-74. Asks how engagement with Faullcner can go beyond interpretation to a new kind of praxis in living.

1889.

Kartiganer, Donald M. "'So I, Who Had Never Had a War . . .': William Faulkner, War, and the Modem Imagination." Modern Fiction Studies 44, iii (Fall 1998): 61945. Studies Faulkner's treatment of war, which is dominated by suggestive gestures, in the contexts of Symbolism, southern culture, and Faulkner's war-related role-playing.

1890.

Reid, Panthea. "William Faulkner's 'War Wound': Reflections on Writing and Doing, Knowing and Remembering." Virginia Quarterly Review 74, iv (Autumn 1998): 597-615. A personal essay drawing significant connections between the story of Reid's father, a war hero who nearly died in 1918, and the story of Faulkner's posing as a veteran but becoming a writer of moving fiction.

1891.

Zender, Karl F. "Faulkner and the Politics of Incest." American Literature 70, iv (December 1998): 739-65. Revised as "The Politics of Incest" in Faulkner and the Politics of Reading (# 147; 2002), pp. 1-3 1. Considering the influence of Romantic poets, regional issues, and neo-Freudian debates, reconsiders the incest motif, sees sibling incest treated more positively than parent-child incest, and sees Faulkner's use of incest patterns as evolving and liberalizing between 1929 and 1942.

Topical Studies: Commentaries Covering Several Works

393

1892.

Karaganis, Joe. "Negotiati ng the National Voice in Faulkner's Late Work." Arizona Quarterly 54, iv (Winter 1998): 53-8 1. Considers the "trajectory" of Faulkner's adoption of a "national voice" and the "evolution of Faulkner's political ideas from the forties onward as the impetus for the evolution of his narrative technique."

1893.

Fennell, Lee Anne. "Unquiet Ghosts: Memory and Determinism in Faulkner." Southern Literary Journal 3 1 , ii (Spring 1999): 35-49. A study of the roles of memory in the novels-its function of "directing the flow of time," its connection to a "sense of fate, doom, and determinism," and its cost in terms of grief.

1894.

Sensibar, Judith L. "Writing Loss in a Racialized Culture: William Faulkner's Jim Crow Childhood." Journal of Aesthetic Education 33, i (Spring 1999): 55-6 1. Explores "the richly generative role his childhood screen memory of racialized maternal loss" (and the ambiguous implications of having both a white and black "mother") played in Faulkner's creative work.

1895.

Connolly, Thomas E. "Christian Symbolism in Some Works of William Faulkner." Essays on Fiction (#115; 1999), pp. 111-27. Surveys the use of Christian myth and symbolism in four novels but argues that Faulkner "rejects Christian spirituality and Christian theology" and that his later optimistic novels are "based upon homocentric humanism, not on theocratic humanism."

1896.

Railey, Kevin. "Faulkner's Mississippi: Ideology and Southern History." Natural Aristocracy (#I2 1; 1999)' pp. 3-28; and "Faulkner's Ideology: Ideology and Subjectivity," pp. 29-46. The first traces, as context for Faulkner's development, the historical tension between plantation paternalism and "Redeemer" liberalism, and then the role of Populism and Progressivism in defining the liber-

Topical Studies: Commentaries Covering Several Works alism of the Vardaman and Bilbo years. The second traces Faulkner's "authorial ideology and his social vision" and sees a tension between paternalism and liberalism that develops into valuing a Jeffersonian "natural aristocracy." 1897.

Hannighausen, Lothar. "Faulkner's Achievement." In William Faulkner: A Centennial Tribute (#119; 1999), pp. 36-45.

1898.

Mukherjee, Tutun. "A Provincial Writer Becomes the Universal Philosopher: Faulkner's Address upon Receiving the Nobel Prize in 1950." In William Faulkner: A Centennial Tribute (# 119; 1999), pp. 46-55. Says that in the late 1940s Faulkner's "work seemed to offer a steadiness of vision" and a "note of hope" to a confused world.

1899.

Vanikar, Ranu V. "Vision and Voice: A Study of Communicative Modes in the Novels of Faulkner." In William Faulkner: A Centennial Tribute (#119; 1999), pp. 56-65. A linguistic approach to the ways that communicative modes, such as "role playing" or "transactional," define relationships among characters, language, and society in four novels.

1900.

Parasuram, Laxmi. "Faulkner's Use of Language." In William Faulkner: A Centennial Tribute (# l 19; 1999), pp. 66-72. On the wide range of concerns Faulkner had in exploiting language and imagery and in addressing the gap between words and experience.

1901.

Draxi, I.R. "The Multifarious Variety of Faulkner's Women." In William Faulkner: A Centennial Tribute (#119; 1999)' pp. 88-99. A summary of female characters, with categories such as "nubile women" and "earth mothers," and of critical commentary on them.

Topical Studies: Commentaries Covering Several Works

395

1902.

Wolf, Howard. "Case for Teaching Faulkner Overseas: Some Talking Points." In William Faulkner: A Centennial Tribute (# 119; 1999), pp. 279-82. On rewards and difficulties of teaching Faulkner in other countries.

1903.

Lupack, Alan, and Barbara Tepa Lupack. "Beyond The Waste Land: Fitzgerald, Hemingway, and Faulkner." King Arthur in America. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1999, pp. 135-82. Covers Mayday, Arthurian elements in several novels, and "wasteland" images in several works.

1904.

Towner, Theresa M. "Unsurprised Flesh: Color, Race, and Identity in Faulkner's Fiction." In Faulkner and the Natural World (#118; 1999), pp. 45-65. Focuses on Faulkner's study of people who try to turn culturally constructed categories, such as "race," into what is "natural."

1905.

Quick, Jonathan. "William Faulkner's Civil War: Transposed History." Modern Fiction and the Art of Subversion. New York: Peter Lang, 1999, pp. 97-128. A review of the accuracies, inconsistencies, and historical "errors" in Faulkner's portrayal of Civil War events.

1906.

Polk, Noel. "Welty and Faulkner and the Southern Literary Tradition." In Value and Vision in American Literature: Literary Essays in Honor of Ray Lewis White. Ed. Joseph Candido. Athens, OH: Ohio UP, 1999, pp. 132-50. Compares the southern and the Mississippi elements in the two writers' works, with special attention to Faulkner's essay "Mississippi."

1907.

Hayase, Hironori. "The Great Depression in Faulkner's Fiction." In Essays in Celebration of the 25IhAnniversary of the Chu-Shikoku American Studies Society. Hiroshima: dhu-~hikokuAmerican Studies Society, 1999, pp. 193202.

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396 1908.

James, Jamie. "My Faulkner." American Scholar 68, iii (Summer 1999): 15-25. A personal essay by a writer who spent part of his childhood in Oxford and loved Faulkner's books.

1909.

Hamblin, Robert W. "'A Casebook on Mankind': Faulkner's Use of Shakespeare." Teaching Faulkner, No. 15 (Fall 1999): 5-10. The 1999 H. 0. Grauel Memorial Lecture.

1910.

Samway, Patrick H. "Pure Speculation: William Faulkner and St. Augustine." America, September 27, 1999, pp. 2529.

1911.

Donaldson, Susan V. "Introduction: Faulkner and Masculinity." Faulkner Journal 15, i-ii (Fall 1999-Spring 2000): 3-13. An introduction to a special issue, this provides an overview of Faulkner's complex obsession with masculinity and gender boundaries.

1912.

Duvall, John N. "Parody or Pastiche? Kathy Acker, Toni Morrison, and the Critical Appropriation of Faulknerian Masculinity." Faulkner Journal 15, i-ii (Fall 1999-Spring 2000): 169-84. Another version is in Faulkner and Postmodernism (#142; 2002), pp. 39-56. Drawing on Jameson and Linda Hutcheon, discusses two "contemporary reimaginings of Faulkner," Acker's parodic appropriation and Morrison's dialogic revision, a pastiche.

1913.

Dews, Carlos L. "Why I Can't Read Faulkner: Reading and Resisting Southern White Masculinity." Faulkner Journal 15, i-ii (Fall 1999-Spring 2000): 185-97. A personal essay by a gay Southerner tracing his resistance to his own relationship with his father and to his perspective on "white southern masculinity."

Topical Studies: Commentaries Covering Several Works

397

1914.

Hamblin, Robert W. "'A Fine Land Grabble and Snatch of AAA and WPA': Faulkner, Government, and the Individual." Arkansas Review: A Journal of Delta Studies 3 1, i (June 2000): 10-15. On Faulkner's opposition to centralized government power, as reflected in stories like "Lo!" and "The Tall Men."

1915.

Levinger, Larry. "The Prophet Faulkner." Atlantic Monthly, June 2000, pp. 76-86. An appreciative essay that includes comments by Oxford residents and by writers as well as a section on Sanctuary.

1916.

Towner, Theresa M. "Flesh and the Pencil: Racial Identity and the Search for Form." Faulkner on the Color Line (#131; 2000), pp. 3-28. Introducing a study of the later fiction, this discusses how Faulkner racializes language and narrative as well as connections he came to see between "race" and "art" as he also came to understand that "race" is socially constructed.

1917.

Watson, James G. "Self-Presentation and Performance." William Faulkner (#132; 2000), pp. 1-16; and "Photographs, Letters, and Fictions," pp. 17-69. The first discusses the early development of Faulkner's art as a form of self-presentation, with commentary on The Sound and the Fury. The second studies Faulkner's means of self-presentation and performance before 1930, focusing on photographs, letters home, personal obsessions evident in early work such as The Marionettes, and public poses.

1918.

Ginds, Montserrat. "Honor for the Sake of Honor: The Windmills of Yoknapatawpha." The Southern Inheritors of Don Quixote. Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State UP, 2000, pp. 72-104. This is a revision of Ginds's 1995 article.

Topical Studies: Commentaries Covering Several Works Showing the alignment of Faulkner's fiction with themes in Cervantes, emphasizes the balance of sympathy and irony in the development of quixotic characters like Quentin and Gavin. 1919.

Rado, Lisa. "'A Perversion That Builds Chartres and Invents Lear Is a Pretty Good Thing': Psychic Incest and Haunted Hermaphroditism in Faulkner." The Modern Androgyne Imagination: A Failed Sublime. Charlottesville, VA: UP of Virginia, 2000, pp. 99-137. Expanding on an earlier essay, this makes an argument about Faulkner's androgynous imagination from early works like "Elmer" to the later stories of Quentin and Charlotte, and it argues that in different ways "Faulkner imagines his creative consciousness as both 'male' and 'female."'

1920.

Polk, Noel. "The Stuff That Don't Matter." In Textual Studies and the Common Reader: Essays on Editing Novels and Novelists. Ed. Alexander Pettit. Athens, GA: U of Georgia P, 2000, pp. 52-63. Revising a 1993 MLA talk, and like Polk's 1991 essay, this discusses in an engaging way the editing of accidentals, such as ellipses and hyphens, and the reasons for making particular editorial decisions.

1921.

Blotner, Joseph. "Some Brief Recollections of Then-for Now." In Faulkner at 100 (#126; 2000), pp. 1-5.

1922.

Hbnnighausen, Lothar. "Faulkner, the Role-Player." In at 100 (# 126; 2000), pp. 12-17. Part of a panel, "Who Was William Faulkner?' this explores the "very complex phenomenon of Faulkner's role-playing" as a communicative and artistic strategy.

Faulkner

1923.

Polk, Noel. "Was Not Was Not Who Since Philoprogenitive." In Faulkner at 100 (#126; 2000), pp. 18-25. Considers ways to find Faulkner in various characters including those in "Afternoon of a Cow" and Wilfred Midgleston.

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3 99

1924.

Millgate, Michael. "Defining Moment: The Portable Faulkner Revisited." In Faulkner at 100 (#126; 2000), pp. 26-44. Assesses the impact of Cowley's volume and Yoknapatawpha-focused interpretation on Faulkner criticism and on Faukner's later work, and compares American criticism with that from abroad.

1925.

Weinstein, Philip M. "Why Faukner? 'A Sight Draft Dated Yesterday': Faulkner's Uninsured Immortality." In Faulkner at 100 (#126; 2000), pp. 45-52. Part of a panel, "Why Faukner?" this considers temporality in Faulkner in relation to his problematic immortality.

1926.

Skei, Hans H. "The Career of William Faulkner: 'Faulkner before Faulkner': The Early Career as a Construction in Retrospect." In Faulkner at 100 (#126; 2000), pp. 9399. Part of a panel, "The Career of William Faulkner," this discusses how people often try to make sense of the early writings in relation to the later career. It emphasizes "Father Abraham."

1927.

Zender, Karl F. "Faukner's Career: Concept and Practice." In Faulkner at 100 (#126; 2000), pp. 109-19. As in #1891, explores "the evolution of Faulkner's use of the incest motif' as one approach to discussing his "career."

1928.

Irwin, John T. "Not the Having but the Wanting: Faulkner's Lost Loves." In Faulkner at 100 (#126; 2000), pp. 154-64. Part of a panel, "Faulkner and America," this studies Faulkner's fascination with "idealized and often unattainable" love objects as well as the influence on the fiction of the relationships with Helen and Meta.

1929.

Bleikasten, Andr6. "Faulkner in the Singular." In Faulkner at 100 (# 126; 2000), pp. 204- 18.

Topical Studies: Commentaries Covering Several Works A passionate essay reviewing changes in Faulkner criticism, with negative comments on some poststructuralist and ideological criticism that is too reductive to explain the richness of the novels. 1930.

Donaldson, Susan V. "Whose Faulkner Is It Anyway?" In Faulkner at 100 (#126; 2000), pp. 219-25. Emphasizes the deeply unsettling nature of the experience of really reading Faulkner well.

1931.

Gwin, Minrose C. "Whose Faulkner?' In Faulkner at 100 (#126; 2000), pp. 226-30. Part of a section, "Response," this focuses on the space occupied by different readers of Faulkner's texts.

1932.

Wadlington, Warwick. "A Response in Forbidden Words." In Faulkner at 100 (#126; 2000), pp. 23 1-37. Emphasizes Faulkner's impact on today's readers as they recognize the threatening "lovelessness" at the center of his works.

1933.

Murray, Albert. "Me and Old Uncle Billy and the American Mythosphere." In Faulkner at 100 (#126; 2000), pp. 238-49. Recollections of first reading Faulkner around 1935, along with a poem, "William Faulkner."

1934.

Hamblin, Robert W. "'Like a Big Soft Fading Wheel': The Triumph of Faulkner's Art." In Faulkner at 100 (#126; 2000), pp. 272-84. This is the concluding essay in "Coda: William Faulkner Centennial Program, The University of Mississippi," pp. 250-84. It includes commentary by President Robert C. Khayat, Rev. Duncan M. Gray, Jr., Donald Kartiganer, Richard Howorth, and Lany Brown.

1935.

Moore, Gene M. "Faulkner in Paperback: A History of Visual Style." In William Faulkner in Venice (#127; 2000), pp. 55-62.

Topical Studies: Commentaries Covering Several Works

40 1

Surveys postwar paperback publishing of Faukner and changes in cover designs as he became an honored writer. 1936.

Bleikasten, Andre. "Faulkner, Language, and Its 'Remainder."' In William Faulkner in Venice (# 127; 2000), pp. 63-73. On Faulkner's extravagant style, the difficulty of discussing it in conventional terms, and its connection to the "turmoil and struggle" of his themes.

1937.

McHaney, Thomas L. "Yoknapatawpha: A Domain of Words." In William Faulkner in Venice (#127; 2000), pp. 89-99. On the implications of the maps in Absalom and Portable, the significance of the names "Jefferson" and "Yoknapatawpha," and the town not the county being more important to Faulkner's larger plan before 1946.

1938.

Doyle, Don H. "'A Right Smart of Country': Faulkner's Use of Southern Dialect and Folk Expressions and the Problem of Italian Translation." In William Faulkner in Venice (#127; 2000), pp. 101-12. Discusses "how language signifies social class and mortality" and how "dialect and folk expressions," and black dialect in particular, pose challenges for translators.

1939.

Petillon, Pierre-Yves. "Writing under Faulkner's Shadow." In William Faulkner in Venice (#127; 2000), pp. 3 17-29. On writers, such as Percy, Morrison, and McCarthy, who are self-consciously aware of following Faulkner.

1940.

Perosa, Sergio. "Meeting Mr. Faulkner." Tr. Gregory Dowling. In WiNiam Faulkner in Venice (# 127; 2000), pp. 33 1-44. Perosa's notes fiom two evenings with Faulkner at Princeton in 1958.

Topical Studies: Commentaries Covering Several Works

402

1941.

Hannighausen, Lothar. "A Nietzschean Approach to Faulkner's Biographical and Literary Role-Play." In Naissances de Faulkner (# 125; 2000), pp. 19-21. A short Introduction, drawing on Nietzsche and Ricouer, to thinking about the importance of masks and metaphors in studying Faulkner's texts and about "how their aesthetic transformation affects the reader."

1942.

McHaney, Thomas L. "Faulkner's Birth into Fiction." In Naissances de Faulkner (#125; 2000)' pp. 29-33. On Faulkner's early attachment to the "Culture of Writing" as the foundation of his writerly identity as well as his attachment to the new psychology of Freud and others.

1943.

Polk, Noel. "Faulkner and Anderson & Faulkner's Birth into Fiction." In Naissances de Faulkner (#125; 2000)' pp. 35-39. Reconsiders Faulkner's 1953 essay on Anderson as "a crystallizing metaphor," near the end of his career, of his recollection of his beginnings as a writer.

1944.

BaSiC, Sonja. "Faulkner's Myriad." In Naissances de Faulkner (#125; 2000)' pp. 43-48. Considers the importance of the word "myriad" to Faulkner as well as the divisions in his career, the richest parts defined by a "myriad-minded versatility" and Joycean delight in language.

1945.

Mamoli Zorzi, Rosella. "Faulkner's Birth into Language." In Naissances de Faulkner (#125; 2000)' pp. 63-68. On Faulkner's early attachment to American spoken language, with comparisons to Gertrude Stein and William Carlos Williams.

1946.

Weinstein, Philip. "'Premature, Inconclusive and Inconcludable': Faulkner and Desire." In Naissances de Faulkner (#125; 2000), pp. 83-89. Studies, in the first major novels, Faulkner's "birth into desire by following his increasing experimenta-

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tion with verbal techniques that might elude human defenses." In Faulkner desire is marked by a lack, by "a failed temporality," by the misfit, by violation. 1947.

Zeitlin, Michael. "'A Dream and a Fire': William Faulkner, Polymorphous Hero." In Naissances de Faulkner (#125; 2000), pp. 91-97. Exploring desire in Faulkner, with reference to a 1962 comment at West Point, this discusses his "ability to stage and embody a multitude of fictional incarnations."

1948.

Pothier, Jacques. "Born Again into History." In Naissances de Faulkner (#125; 2000), pp. 113-20. On the change in Faulkner's ideas about history, with comparisons to those of Thomas Jefferson.

1949.

Meindl, Dieter. "The Cash-Woodward-Faulkner Nexus: Materialism and the New South." In Negotiations of America's National Identity, 1. Ed. Roland Hagenbiichle, Josef Raab, and Marietta Messmer. Tubingen, Germany: Stauffenburg, 2000, pp. 471-86. Reads Faulkner against a backdrop of the tension between Cash's and Woodward's different views of continuity in southern history, and sees Faulkner as achieving a broader vision of the emerging materialism of the New South. Focuses on Flags in the Dust and Absalom.

1950.

PavliC, Ed. "'I Just Don't Know How to Move on Your Word': From Signifyin(g) to Syndetic Homage in James Baldwin's Responses to William Faulkner." Mississippi Quarterly 53, iv (Fall 2000): 5 15-3 1. On Baldwin's complex response to Faulkner, particularly as seen in Just Above My Head.

1951.

Arnold, Edwin T. "Faulkner Writ Large/Faulkner Ria Small." Faulkner Journal 16, i-ii (Fall 2000-Spring 2001): 3-6. Introduces a special issue on Faulkner and film.

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404

1952.

Baldwin, Doug. "Putting Images into Words: Elements of the 'Cinematic' in William Faulkner's Prose." Faulkner Journal 16, i-ii (Fall 2000-Spring 2001): 35-64. On Faulkner's use of techniques, such as montage and freeze-frame, that are common in film. Says that in I f l Forget Thee, Jerusalem is "the most distinct example of parallel montage."

1953.

Potts, James B. "The Shade of Faulkner's Horse: Archetypal Immortality in the Postmodern South." Southern Quarterly 39, iii (Spring 200 1): 109-2 1. On the role of horses in Faulkner's fiction, with comparisons to recent writers.

1954.

Skei, Hans H. "On Translating William Faulkner: A Personal Note.'' American Studies in Scandinavia 33, ii (2001): 41-46. On the challenges of translating Faulkner into Norwegian.

1955.

Nicolaisen, Peter. "William Faulkner's Dialogue with Thomas Jefferson." In Faulkner in America (#139; 2001), pp. 64-8 1. Compares their ideas on agrarian order, race, and individual liberty.

1956.

Urgo, Joseph R. "Where Was That Bird? Thinking America through Faulkner." In Faulkner in America (#139; 2001), pp. 98-1 15. Develops a performative, rather than a representational, way of reading Faulkner's career and argues that how "to think about the placement of Yoknapatawpha in American culture" is a central concern of the author. Emphasizes A Fable.

1957.

Wilson, Charles Reagan. "Our Land, Our Country: Faulkner, the South, and the American Way of Life." In Faulkner in America (#139; 2001), pp. 153-66. On Faulkner's conflicted feelings in the 1950s about the "American way" as both a "strangling orthodoxy" and an ideal of "freedom and equality."

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405

1958.

McKee, Kathryn B. "The Portable Eclipse: Hawthorne, Faulkner, and Scribbling Women." In Faulkner in America (#139; 2001), pp. 167-86. On the accomplishments of Evelyn Scott and Frances Newman, two female southern experimental writers, in relation to Faulkner's fiction and reputation.

1959.

Weinstein, Philip M. "'No Longer at Ease Here': Faulkner in the New Millenium." In Teaching Faulkner (#134; 2001), pp. 19-30. On the problems associated with keeping Faulkner, in comparison with Morrison, for example, canonical in the new century.

1960.

Vanderwerken, David L. "Teaching Faulkner's 'Case Histories."' In Teaching Faulkner (# 134; 200 l), pp. 181-87. On advantages of teaching Faulkner novels by using "Bildungsroman and human development issues," particularly given the number of dysfunctional families in the stories.

1961.

Tebbetts, Terrell L. "Tense Unresolve: Ending a Course on Faulkner." In Teaching Faulkner (#134; 2001), pp. 191-200. Suggests that in a course focusing on issues, modernist and postmodernist, related to "identity," G o Down, Moses makes an excellent final book.

1962.

Minter, David. "'Truths More Intense than Knowledge': Notes on Faulkner and Creativity." Faulkner S Questioning Narratives (#135; 2001), pp. 55-70. In the same book are "Family, Region, and Myth in Faulkner's Fiction," pp. 7 1-85; and "In Lieu of Conclusion: The Voices of Faulkner's Fiction-Evocation, Celebration, and Revision," pp. 144-51. The first two are revisions of 1982 essays, one on Faulkner's synthesis of conservative and innovative dimensions, the other on ways in which the personal and social are closely connected in the novels. The third explores the "remarkable conflictedness, incompleteness, and inadequacies of the voices of

Topical Studies: Commentaries Covering Several Works Faulkner's fictions," the sense of both loss and hope that comes out of the voices, a sense that has a skeptical dimension along with a reconciling dimension. 1963.

Rio-Jelliffe, R. "Theory of Language and Narrative." Obscurity's Myriad Components (# 136; 200 I), pp. 26-5 1. On Faulkner's ideas about language and narrative, on the role of contradiction and condensation and counterpoint, on his devices to overcome the limitations of words, and on his idea that art "transforms fact to a fabulous lie."

1964.

Koyarna, Toshio. "The Power of Imagination: Kenzaburo Oe's Woods Saga and William Faulkner's Yoknapatawpha." Kwansei Gakuin University Humanities Review 6 (2001): 25-40. Traces similarities in the novels of the two writers.

1965.

Graff, Agnieszka. "'Time and Space Confused'Faulkner's Apocalypse in Language." American Studies (Poland) 19 (2001): 61-68. Rethinking Sartre's critique of Faulkner's pessimistic temporality, this argues that "the spatial-temporal confusion in Faulkner's prose has a very specific structure," that Faulkner disturbs "the human tendency to conceptualize time in terms of space in order to visualize and humanize it."

1966.

Dussere, Erik. "Accounting for Slavery: Economic Narratives in Morrison and Faulkner." Modern Fiction Studies 47, ii (Summer 2001): 329-55. Compares "ways in which Faulkner's and Morrison's books are constructed in relation to texts and practices which have shaped the history of slavery and its telling." Emphasizes the role of ledgers and also limitations in Faulkner's vision of the potential of blacks.

1967.

Hickman, Lisa C. "William Faulkner and A. E. Housman: A Writer's Poet." Housman Society Journal 27 (November 2001): 23-35.

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407

Shows that Housman remained for Faulkner not only an early influence but "a source of wonder and succour" through his life. 1968.

Matsuoka, Shinya. "Cut and Montage: The Genetic Process of Faulknerian Counterpoint." Studies in American Literature (Japan) 38 (February 2002): 75-90. Drawing on ideas of Deleuze, studies the relationship between counterpoint and the use of paired twins in the early fiction, including the aviator stories, and sees Faulkner's search for a larger audience as affecting these patterns.

1969.

Fowler, Doreen. "William Faulkner." In The Companion to Southern Literature. Ed. Joseph M. Flora and Lucinda M. MacKethan. Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State UP, 2002, pp. 253-54; and James H. Watkins, "Yoknapatawpha," pp. 101 1-12.

1970.

Schwartz, Lany. "Toni Morrison and William Faulkner: The Necessity of a Great American Novelist." Cultural Logic: An Electronic Journal of Marxist Theory and Practice, 2002, 16 paragraphs. Annotated in Urgo (#2 171; 2004), p. 163.

1971.

Zender, Karl. "Faulkner's Privacy." Faulkner and the Politics of Reading (#147; 2002), pp. 32-52; and "Where Is Yoknapatawpha County?" pp. 117-56. The first begins as an essay on Faulkner's ambivalent reticence and goes on to argue that postmodern critics are less sympathetic to concerns about privacy and less interested in Faulkner's epistemological issues. The second discusses Faulkner's postwar abandonment of mimetic, representational depictions for more sublimated portrayals and also analyzes Zender's own relationship to poststructuralist approaches to canonical texts.

1972.

Oakley, Helen. "Introducing the Critical Landscape: Influence Reconsidered." The Recontextualization of William Faulkner in Latin American Fiction and Culture

Topical Studies: Commentaries Covering Several Works (# 145; 2002), pp. 1-31; and "Intersecting Spaces of Intertextuality: the host, the parasite, and the labyrinth," pp. 33-73. The first reviews earlier studies of Faulkner and Latin America. The second develops a methodology combining a "theory of influence" with a "theory of intertextuality" and historical understanding of U.S.-Latin American relations in order to study the influence of Faulkner on Latin American culture and writers.

1973.

Weiskel, Portia Williams. "On the Writings of William Faulkner." In Bloom's BioCritiques (#141; 2002), pp. 4164. A very general summary.

1974.

Cohn, Deborah. "'Of the Same Blood as This America and Its History': William Faulkner and Spanish American Literature." In South to a New Place: Region, Literature, Culture. Ed. Suzanne W. Jones and Sharon Monteith. Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State UP, 2002, pp. 320-39. On Faulkner's influence as "a point of departure" for authors exploring "their own interests and history."

1975.

Hassan, Ihab. "The Privations of Postmodernism: Faulkner as Exemplar (A Meditation in Ten Parts)." In Faulkner and Postmodernism (#142; 2002), pp. 1-18. Sees Faulkner as a modernist, not a protopostmodernist.

1976.

Lester, Cheryl. "Make Room for Elvis." In Faulkner and Postmodernism (#142; 2002), pp. 143-66. Compares two sons of north Mississippi from different social classes, who shared a "feeling of disequilibrium, transmitted as nervous energy and channeled into cultural expectations, practices, and milieux appropriate" to certain positions.

1977.

Cohen, Philip. "Faulkner by the Light of a Pale Fire: Postmodern Textual Scholarship and Faukner Studies at the End of the Twentieth Century." In Faulkner and Postmodernism (#142; 2002), pp. 167-91.

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409

Asks critics to "attend to the entire textual process" of Faulkner's works-manuscripts, typescripts, galleys, and proofs," changes by author and editors-in opening up their overall significances and implications. 1978.

Barth, John. "My Faulkner." In Faulkner and Postmodernism (# 142; 2002), pp. 192-95. Reflections on his early reading of Faulkner.

1979.

Moore, Gene M. "Faulkner's Incorrect 'Indians'?" Faulkner Journal 18, i-ii (Fall 2002-Spring 2003): 3-8. Introduces a special issue on Faulkner's American Indian characters.

1980.

Winston, Jay. "Going Native in Yoknapatawpha: Faulkner's Fragmented America and 'The Indians."' Faulkner Journal 18, i-ii (Fall 2002-Spring 2003): 129-42. Considers ways in which the Indian was a device for transcending the limitations of time and place, as well as the contrast between the mythical past and actual Indians of Faulkner's own time.

1981.

Sedore, Timothy. "'This Time. Maybe This Time': Asynchronous Faulknerian Narrative, Confederate Elegies, and the American Iconoclastic Tradition." Journal X A Journal in Culture d Criticism 8, i (2003): 85-99. Connects southern Civil War monuments and their "multi-generational continuity" to Faulkner's complex rhetoric and style, its tactics of suspension and paradox and irony, as well as its balancing of discordance and reconciliation, its inevitability yet sense of hope.

1982.

Kelly, Sean. "A Reading of 'As I Lay Dying': Another Proposal for Thinking Faulkner's AestheticsIPolitics of Failure." Arizona Quarterly 59, i (Spring 2003): 117-35. Uses the story to rethink the implications of Faulkner's insistence that all his stories were failures, that in effect the stories "cannot be up to the demand of the image."

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410

Kreyling, Michael. "Faulkner in the Twenty-First Century: Boundaries of Meaning, Boundaries of Mississippi." In Faulkner in the Twenty-First Century (# 150; 2003), pp. 14-30. Considers the ways in which Faulkner and Mississippi shaped each other and public perceptions of both from the time of Mencken's attack on the region through the period of Faulkner's ambivalent liberalism on racial issues. 1984.

Ladd, Barbara. "William Faulkner, Edouard Glissant, and a Creole Poetics of History and Body in Absalom, Absalom! and A Fable." In Faulkner in the Twenty-First Century (#150; 2003), pp. 3 1-49. Argues for reframing Faulkner's fiction within a Creole or a pan-American context and sees Glissant's book as an important initial step in that direction.

1985.

Cohn, Deborah N. "Faulkner and Spanish America: Then and Now." In Faulkner in the Twenty-First Century (#150; 2003), pp. 50-67. In another form much of this also appears in Cohn's essay in Do the Americas Have a Common Literary History? Ed. Barbara Buchenau and Annette Paatz. New York: Peter Lang, 2002. Studies the impact of Faulkner's work, particularly Absalom and As I Lay Dying, on Latin American writers and examines changes taking place now in such relationships.

1986.

Duck, Leigh Anne. "Haunting Yoknapatawpha: Faulkner and Traumatic Memory." In Faulkner in the Twenty-First Century (# 150; 2003), pp. 89-106. Considers the role of the past in Faulkner's novels in relation to cultural identity, to traumatic memories that paralyze individuals, to the need to find coping strategies to deal with such memories, and to collective memory.

1987.

O'Donnell, Patrick. "Faulkner's Future Tense: A Critique of the Instant and the Continuum." In Faulkner in the Twenty-First Century (#150; 2003), pp. 107-18.

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41 1

Drawing on ideas of Girogio Agamben, this explores Faulkner's "construction of the future in his novels" and sees the fiction as frustrating any desire for a historicity with a nonrepetitive future. 1988.

Hamblin, Robert W. "Beyond the Edge of the Map: Faulkner, Turner, and the Frontier Line." In Faulkner in the Twenty-First Century (#150; 2003), pp. 154-71. Reconsiders Faulkner's interest in the frontier, where nature and civilization meet, and sees his views as close to Turner's.

1989.

Terasawa, Mizuho. "The Rape of the Nation and the Hymen Fantasy." The Rape of the Nation and the Hymen Fantasy (#I 52; 2003), pp. 1-35. Argues that Faulkner does "undermine American idealism" and is a distinctly southern writer, that "what constitutes the core of his work is the hymen fantasy."

1990.

Fabijancic, Tony. "The Production of the World: Translation, Compensation, and Anamorphism in van Gogh and Faulkner." University of Toronto Quarterly 72, iii (Summer 2003): 698-7 14. Drawing on ideas of Jameson, sees similarities between the modernist works of painter and novelist, particularly in ways they express internal states through objective correlatives, and emphasizes translation of labor into art and anamorphic tendencies in expressionism.

1991.

Handley, George B. "On Reading South in the New World: Whitman, Marti, Glissant, and the Hegelian Dialectic." Mississippi Quarterly 56, iv (Fall 2003): 521-44. Considers Edouard Glissant's reading of Faulkner in the context of a larger consideration of the writerly imagination, the potential of a "literature of the Americas" and "an inter-American collectivity," and the problems of an Old World/New World dichotomy.

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412

1992.

Urgo, Joseph R. "William Faulkner's Map of the Unseen World, Yoknapatawpha County." Literature and Belief 24, i-ii (2004): 4 1-62. Explores Faulkner's concern, outside of any Christian orthodoxy, of man's continuing obsession with spiritual goals, with defiance of fate (and God), and with the implications of Christ's story.

1993.

Bloshteyn, Maria R. "'Anguish for the Sake of Anguish'-Faulkner and His Dostoevskian Allusion." Faulkner Journal 19, ii (Spring 2004): 69-90. Reassesses the impact of the Russian novelist on Faulkner, with emphasis on Requiem, which includes an allusion to Dostoevsky.

1994.

Horton, Menill. "Faulkner, Balzac, and the Word." Faulkner Journal 19, ii (Spring 2004): 91- 106. On relationships between Faulkner's fiction and Balzac's, but also on the role of Phil Stone in introducing Balzac's work to Faulkner.

1995.

Mark, Rebecca. "As They Lay Dying: or Why We Should Teach, Write, and Read Eudora Welty Instead of, Alongside of, as Often as William Faulkner." Faulkner Journal 19, ii (Spring 2004): 107-20. A feminist perspective on the limitations of Faulkner's imagination in creating female characters, whereas Welty's "is a more nuanced and expansive artistic achievement."

1996.

Karem, Jeff. "The Boundaries of Regionalism in the Career of William Faulkner." The Romance of Authenticity: The Cultural Politics of Regional and Ethnic Literatures. Charlottesville, VA: UP of Virginia, 2004, pp. 17-60. Studies critical reactions to Faulkner (1924-1962) in terms of the fiction being regionally "authentic" but then later universal or nationally relevant, ironically as it was actually becoming more regional and less national in its implications.

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413

1997.

Hannon, Charles. "William Faulkner." In The Oxford Encyclopedia of American Literature. Vol. 2. Ed. Jay Parini. New York: Oxford UP, 2004, pp. 1- 13. An overview of Faulkner's career.

1998.

Zeitlin, Michael. "Faulkner and the Scene of Misrecognition." In Misrecognition, Race and the Real in Faulkner S Fiction (#166; 2004), pp. 9-16. Emphasizes the prevalence in Faulkner's fiction of "mCconnaissance," the inability or reluctance of characters "to grasp and comprehend their social realities without telling distortions or evasions."

1999.

Godden, Richard. "William Faulkner." In A Companion to the Literature and Culture ofthe American South. Ed. Richard Gray and Owen Robinson. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2004, pp. 436-53. Emphasizes Faulkner's modernist treatment of a "strained debate with a premodern labor history," the themes of "race, sex, and cultural pathology" that often blur the underlying reality of slave or oppressed labor, and the curious pattern of some characters being mute or nearly mute and others talking too much. Elsewhere in this volume are other comments on Faulkner.

2000.

Doyle, Don H. "Faulkner's Civil War in Fiction, History, and Memory." In Faulkner and War (#159; 2004), pp. 319. Compares Faulkner's handling of the war with actual history.

2001.

Watson, James G. "William Faulkner and Theater of War." In Faulkner and War (#159; 2004), pp. 20-35. Says the Great War provided "a metaphor (theater) and a method (self-presentation) congenial to his sense of himself as a performer and of writing itself as a physical act."

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414

2002.

Lowe, John. "Fraternal Fury: Faulkner, World War I, and Myths of Masculinity." In Faulkner and War (#159; 2004), pp. 70-101. Considers the importance of fraternal conflict, fratricidal wishes, and tensions between Faulkner and his own brothers to the early fiction, as well as the relation of the Great War to all of those patterns.

2003.

Baker, Houston A., Jr. "Traveling with Faulkner: A Tale of Myth, Contemporaneity, and Southern Letters." In Faulkner and His Contemporaries (#163; 2004), pp. 3-20. On the personal journey of an African American critic through his life with the fiction of Faulkner with all of its magnificence and all of its limitations.

2004.

Skaggs, Merrill Maguire. "Cather's War and Faulkner's Peace: A Comparison of Two Novels, and More." In Faulkner and His Contemporaries (#163; 2004), pp. 4053. On relationships and borrowings between the two writers in relation to Soldiers ' Pay and other works. Kartiganer, Donald M. "'Getting Good at Doing Nothing': Faulkner, Hemingway, and the Fiction of Gesture." In Faulkner and His Contemporaries (# 163; 2004), pp. 54-73. Sees a similarity in that both writers developed an art of the "gesture," the act which is an end in itself, the "art that . . . bears the burden of its inherent remoteness from real things."

2006.

Monteiro, George. "The Faulkner-Hemingway Rivalry." In Faulkner and His Contemporaries (#163; 2004), pp. 74-92. Reviews the public statements by each writer about the other.

2007.

Clarke, Deborah. "William Faulkner and Henry Ford: Cars, Men, Bodies, and History as Bunk." In Faulkner and His Contemporaries (#163; 2004), pp. 93-1 12.

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415

Studies cars in Faulkner's fiction in relation to modernity, masculinity, speed, and other topics. Prenshaw, Peggy Whitman. "Surveying the PostageStamp Territory: Eudora Welty, Elizabeth Spencer, and Ellen Douglas." In Faulkner and His Contemporaries (#163; 2004), pp. 113-31. Studies how all three writers responded "in interviews and essays" and through their fiction to the influence of Faulkner. 2009.

Lurie, Peter. "Adorno's Modernism and the Historicity of Popular Culture." Vision's Immanence (#155; 2004), pp. 1-24; and "Modernism, Jail Cells, and the Senses," pp. 161-80. The first establishes Adorno's notion of modernism's opposition to popular culture as a context for viewing Faulkner as a writer engaged with and critical of popular culture. The second historicizes Faulkner's treatment of sensory activity and discusses Faulkner's use of the "jail cell metaphor" to convey his sense of the modernist artist in a world of consumerist culture.

2010.

Weinstein, Philip. "Cant Matterrnust Matter: Setting Up the Loom in Faulkner and Postcolonial Fiction." In Look Away (#161; 2004), pp. 355-82. Discusses Faulkner as a modernist, Morrison and Garcia Miuquez as postcolonialists.

2011.

Oakley, Helen. "William Faulkner and the Cold War: The Politics of Cultural Marketing." In Look Away (#161; 2004)' pp. 405-18. Discusses "the cultural construction and marketing of Faulkner in Latin America" by the government as part of its "increasingly imperialist anticommunist foreign policy."

2012.

Fitz, Earl. "William Faulkner, James Agee, and Brazil: The American South in Latin America's 'Other' Tradition." In Look Away (#I61 ;2004)' pp. 4 19-45.

Topical Studies: Commentaries Covering Several Works Distinguishes the relationship of Faulkner and Agee to Brazilian literature from the very different and more profound impact Faulkner had on Spanish American writers. 2013.

Stewart, Mary Campbell. "Editor's Notes" to a Special Issue: Nobel Laureates: Toni Morrison and William Faulkner. Proteus 2 1, ii (Fall 2004): v-vi. Following this are "Introduction" by William Harris (vii-viii) and "What Was, Is: Epilogue to Faulkner's County" by Don Doyle (1-2).

2014.

Ciuba, Gary. "Living in a 'World of Others' Words': Teaching Morrison and Faulkner." Proteus 21, ii (Fall 2004): 13-20. Drawing on Bakhtin, this discusses teaching strategies for comparing the two Quentin novels and Intruder with several Morrison novels.

2015.

Wilhelm, Randall S. "Visual to Verbal Art: William Faulkner's Domain of Images." Proteus 2 1, ii (Fall 2004): 27-37. Studies the ways in which Faulkner's early drawings and illustrations, "his earlier training as a graphic artist," play out in his fiction, in his "ability to transform visual techniques into verbal structures."

2016.

McHaney, Thomas L. "First Is Jefferson: Faulkner Shapes His Domain." Mississippi Quarterly 57, iv (Fall 2004): 51 1-34. Argues that Faulkner did not really think of "Yoknapatawpha County" as the center of his fictional world until after the mid-1940s, for the town of Jefferson was that center and even continued later as the key to his perspective.

2017.

Spillers, Hortense J. "Topographical Topics: Faulknerian Space." Mississippi Quarterly 57, iv (Fall 2004): 535-68. Focusing on the two Quentin novels, this is a psychoanalytic and phenomenological study of "moments of Faulknerian spatial practice in their demonstration of

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417

topoi as 1 ) psychic location, 2) material ground of identification, and 3) the site of creative intervention." 2018.

Kodat, Catherine Gunther. "Posting Yoknapatawpha." Mississippi Quarterly 57, iv (Fall 2004): 593-618. Exploring the prevalence of repetition and return in Faulkner's late works, this describes writing for Faulkner as sublimation of sexual drives.

2019.

Urgo, Joseph R. "The Yoknapatawpha Project: The Map of a Deeper Existence." Mississippi Quarterly 57, iv (Fall 2004): 639-55. Studies the significance of the gradually developed fictive county as that of a project "to grant full articulation to the interior lives of characters by granting them more vocabulary," often through "heightened language."

2020.

Paradise, Sharon Desmond. "Up in Smoke: Trouble and Tobacco in Yoknapatawpha County." Journal X: A Journal in Culture and Criticism 9, i (Autumn 2004): 87-96. On the "hierarchy of tobacco use" in the fiction, with "pipe smokers at the top of the heap."

2021.

Donaldson, Susan V. "Introduction: Faukner, Memory, History." Faulkner Journal 20, i-ii (Fall 2004-Spring 2005): 3-19. An introduction to a special issue with nine postmodem and poststructuralist explorations of Faukner's fictions about the past, remembering the past, constructing the past, and evading the past, as well as of Faukner critics handling the same issues.

2022.

Lurie, Peter. "Querying the Modernist Canon: Historical Consciousness and the Sexuality of Suffering in Faulkner and Hart Crane." Faulkner Journal 20, i-ii (Fall 2004Spring 2005): 149-76. Relates modern criticism's more sympathetic treatment of Faulkner to the sexual orientation of each

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writer, though both connect "historical consciousness" to an "erotics of pain." 2023.

Koon, Bill. "'If You Lived in Clay': The Small Towns of Eudora Welty and William Faulkner." South Central Review 37, ii (Spring 2005): 117-20. Compares their small-town settings.

2024.

Koch, Markus. "The Hand Writing beyond the Wall: Faulkner and an American Cultural Cringe." In Internationality in American Fiction (#170; 2005), pp. 135-85. Traces Faulkner's path from "reader to writer" and from reliance on European models, including Joyce, to dissociation from them. Focuses on Quentin and Horace as key characters. One section is "The Sound and the Fury: A Portrait of the Artist as Sir Galahad at High Noon," the other "Sanctuary: The Romantic and Dark Shadow of Popular Culture."

2025.

Weinstein, Philip. "Unbound Time: Proust, Kafka, Faulkner." Unknowing (#175; 2005), pp. 121-62; and "Subject andlas Other: Kafka, Proust, Faulkner," pp. 163-93. The first studies the shift from realism to modernism in relation to the role of time and to the issue of "unknowing" that involves a shock of misrecognition for character and reader, and emphasizes the shift for Faulkner after Flags in the Dust as well as the difference between Sanctuary and Requiem. The second studies, in comparison with Proust and Kafka, "Faulknerian Subjectivity," a modernist subjectivity, in which the "not I" is "the subject position motivating Faulknerian innovation."

2026.

Atkinson, Ted. "History and Culture: Faulkner in Political Context." Faulkner and the Great Depression (# 167; 2005), pp. 16-54. On connections among aesthetic, political, and cultural tensions in the context of the change from Hoover's economic liberalism to FDR's New Deal. Positions Faulkner's anti-New-Deal tendencies and "wariness of collectivism" in that context.

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419

Bauer, Margaret Donovan. "Miss Jane Is Still Not in the History Books: Gender, Race, and Class Discrimination in the Fiction of Faulkner and Gaines." William Faulkner 's Legacy (# 168; 2005), pp. 43-93. In the same book is "No Mere Endurance Here: The Prevailing Woman's Voice in Lee Smith's Oral History," pp. 133-59. The first discusses Gaines's fiction against a backdrop of Faulkner's. The second develops a series of connections between Smith's novel and Faulkner's fiction. 2028.

Labatt, Blair. "What Happens in Faulkner: Cause, Event, Effect." Faulkner the Storyteller (#172; 2005), pp. 1-37. In the same book is "Faulkner the Teller: Humor and Magic," pp. 177-218. The first is an overview of the importance of fabula, story, plot, anti-story, and cause and effect in Faulkner's novels. The second is a concluding chapter that covers the role of the narrator, the narrative stance, voice, and comedy and humor as those matters are connected to plot and story.

2029.

Weinstein, Philip. "The Land's Turn." In Faulkner and the Ecology of the South (#174; 2005), pp. 15-29. Sees the ecological in Faulkner as the "prediscursive," the assumption that the "impersonal, inertial, groupformed . . . time-soaked norms" are a greater influence on behavior and experience than "individualist projects."

2030.

Pitavy, Franqois. "Is Faulkner Green? The Wilderness as Aporia." In Faulkner and the Ecology of the South (#174; 2005), pp. 81-97. Argues that Faulkner does not really deal with ecological themes until mid-career and that in the end the humanist-Arcadian tension "remains unresolved in Faulkner."

2031.

Saikku, Mikko. "Faulkner and the 'Doomed Wilderness' of the Yazoo-Mississippi Delta." Mississippi Quarterly 58, iii (Summer 2005): 529-57.

Topical Studies: Commentaries Covering Several Works Juxtaposes "Faulkner's fictional portrayal of the human takeover of the Mississippi bottomlands with the documented lumbering history" and credits him with being an "accurate student" of the history and consistently concerned "about environmental degradation in the Delta."

2032.

Peek, Charles A. "Faulkner's Myth and the 'Peculiar Institution': Shaping Yoknapatawpha." Foreign Literature Studies (China) 4, No. 114 (August 2005): 16-24, 170-71. Discusses the fiction in relation to Faulkner's family history and slavery.

2033.

Railey, Kevin. "Faukner and Ideology: Reflections on Critical Subjects." Faulkner Journal 2 1, i-ii (Fall 2005Spring 2006): 3- 13. An introduction to a special issue on "Faulkner and Ideology" that also reviews earlier ideological studies of the fiction.

2034.

Elmore, Owen. '"The Stereoptic Whole': The Fictional Resolution of the South in William Faulkner." In Conflict in Southern Writing. Ed. Ben P. Robertson. Troy, AL: Association for Textual Study and Production, with Troy University, 2006, pp. 209-22. Argues that in the novels after 1936, for example, The Unvanquished and G o Down, Moses, Faulkner is demythologizing the South and re-mythologizing it in new ways through stories of Bayard and Isaac.

2035.

Towner, Theresa M. "A1 Jackson, Ernest V. Trueblood, and 'Mr. Faulkner, a Member in Good Standing of the Ancient and Gentle Profession of Letters."' In The Enduring Legacy of Old Southwest Humor. Ed. Ed Piacentino. Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State UP, 2006, pp. 39-5 1. On the role of the southwestern humor tradition, adopted in no small part from his friendship with Anderson, in Faulkner's life, as part of his autobiographical cover, and fiction.

Topical Studies: Commentaries Covering Several Works

42 1

2036.

Jackson, Tommie Lee. "The Elliptical Prose Style of William Faulkner and Toni Morrison." "High-Topped Shoes " . . . (#178;2006),pp. 103-17. Compares the styles and techniques of the two authors.

2037.

Robinson, Owen. "The Loom and the Rug: The Making of a World." Creating Yoknapatawpha (#180; 2006), pp. 199-215. Applies his Bakhtinian model to the whole of Yoknapatawpha, a complex construction of many readers and writers, and "the heteroglossia" of which "is profound and fundamental, paradoxically being the most emblematic facet of a world that in this understanding can have no definitive emblem."

2038.

Fulton, Lorie Watkins. "William Faulkner's Southern Knights: Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, Sir Galwyn of Arthgyl, and Gavin Stevens." Modern Philology 103, iii (2006): 358-84. Emphasizes Gavin as perhaps the most important "knight" figure in Faulkner's fiction, a pattern that begins in Mayday.

2039.

Watson, Jay. "Introduction: Situating Whiteness in Faulkner Studies, Situating Faulkner in Whiteness Studies." Faulkner Journal 22, i-ii (Fall 2006-Spring 2007): 3-23. Opens a special issue on "Faulkner and Whiteness" with an overview of "whiteness" studies and comments on individual essays.

2040.

Hagood, Taylor. "Negotiating the Marble Bonds of Whiteness: Hybridity and Imperial Impulse in Faulkner." Faulkner Journal 22, i-ii (Fall 2006-Spring 2007): 24-38. Traces incarnations of the "marble faun" figure through Faulkner's career. Calls it "a trope of whiteness" but also "a racially and culturally hybrid figure" suggesting "the Other." It can encode dynamics of racial and class interaction.

Topical Studies: Commentaries Covering Several Works

422

2041.

Duvall, John N. "'A Strange Nigger': Faukner and the Minstrel Performance of Whiteness." Faulkner Journal 22, i-ii (Fall 2006-Spring 2007): 106-19. Discusses "the performativity of whiteness in Faulkner," as well therefore as "the figurative blackness of a number of presumptively white characters," a discussion that revolves around "Faulkner's whiteface minstrelsy . . . as a problem of white Southern masculine performance."

2042.

Palmer, Louis. "Bourgeois Blues: Class, Whiteness, and Southern Gothic in Early Faukner and Caldwell." Faulkner Journal 22, i-ii (Fall 2006-Spring 2007): 120-39. Discusses Southern Gothic of the 1930s, including As I Lay Dying and Sanctuav, "as a liminal discourse, one that occupies a space between solidly defined locations of class and race" and "uses the body as a grotesque signifier for material conditions."

Topical Studies: Biographies and Commentary on Faulkner's Life

423

Biographies and Commentary on Faulkner's Life 2043.

Walton, Gerald W. "The Falkners and the University, Mississippi, Post Office." Faulkner Journal 5, i (Fall 1989): 48-50. Shows that Faulkner's father actually recommended Jack not William for Postmaster in 1921.

2044.

Duclos, Donald P. "William Faulkner's 'A Song' for Estelle." Faulkner Journal 5, i (Fall 1989): 61-65. On a gift for Estelle that was really a poem by Fran~ o i Coppee. s

2045.

Kinney, Arthur F. "Count No 'Count:Ben Wasson's Long Homage to Faulkner." Faulkner Journal 5, i (Fall 1989): 73-80. On correspondence related to Wasson's attempts to publish memoirs in the 1970s.

2046.

Dahl, James. "He Was a Gentleman of the Old School, Very Gracious, Politic." Faulkner Newsletter, JanuaryMarch 1990, pp. 1, 3-4. On Mac Reed and Faulkner.

2047.

Shivers, Forrest. "His Escort Recalls Triumphant October 1955 Visit to Reykjavik." Faulkner Newsletter, AprilJune 1990, pp. 1-4. On Faulkner in Iceland.

2048.

Inge, M. Thomas. "Faulknerian Folklore: Public Fictions, Private Jokes, and Outright Lies." In Faulkner and Popular Culture (#8; 1990), pp. 22-33. On Faulkner's use of media and popular culture to create a persona.

2049.

Budd, Louis J. "Playing Hide and Seek with Faulkner: The Publicly Private Artist." In Faulkner and Popular Culture (#8; 1990), pp. 34-58. Drawing on Faulkner's interviews and public statements, and contextualizing them, this analyzes the

Topical Studies: Biographies and Commentary on Faulkner's Life

curiously persistent notion that Faulkner was obsessed with his privacy and resisted publicity. Garrett, George. "'When I Showed Him the Check, He Asked If It Was Legal': What William Faulkner Got and Gave Us from Popular Culture." In Faulkner and Popular Culture (#8; 1990), pp. 59-74. On Faulkner's relationship to popular culture at a time when serious modernist fiction and pop culture were moving further apart. Pratt, William. "William Faulkner and Mac Reed: An Unusual Friendship." South Carolina Review 23, i (Spring 1991): 15-28. Another article by Pratt, "Reed-Faulkner Friendship Remembered," appeared in Faulkner Newsletter, January-March 1996, pp. 1, 3. Mullen, R. D. "The Great Author, the Great Scholar, and the Small-Town Reporter." Journal of Mississippi History 53 (May 1991): 115-29. Contradicts Frederick Karl's view of Faulkner's relationship with "Moon" Mullen. Towner, Daniel. "Faulkner's Travels." Ohio Review, No. 47 (1991): 90-97. On Faulkner maturing as a writer after World War I. Pearson, Michael. "The Sound of the Past: Faulkner's Mississippi." Imagined Places: Journeys into Literary America. Jackson, MS: UP of Mississippi, 1991, pp. 65124. On Oxford and Faulkner's relationship to the town. Snell, Susan. Phil Stone of Oxford: A Vicarious Life. Athens, GA: U of Georgia P, 1991. Includes quite a bit on Faulkner's relationship with Stone. A useful review is Arthur F. Kinney's in Mississippi Quarterly 44, iii (Summer 1991): 347-53. Watson, James G. "Carve1 Collins's Faulkner: A Newly Opened Archive." Mississippi Quarterly 44, iii (Summer

Topical Studies: Biographies and Commentary on Faulkner's Life

425

1991): 257-72. First appeared in Library Chronicle of Texas 20, iv (1990): 17-35. Assesses the importance of the large collection, recently opened, at the Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center, and compares it with the Wisdom, Brodsky, Holzrnan, and Petersen collections. Zender, Karl F. "Two Unpublished Letters fiom William Faulkner to Helen Baird." American Literature 63, iii (September 1991): 535-38. Two letters probably fiom 1935. "Arrow Motel Was Sanctuary for Faulkner and His Dog." Faulkner Newsletter, October-December 1991, pp. 1-2. Dahl, James. "Mammy Callie's Family Members Recall the Faulkner They Knew." Faulkner Newsletter, JanuaryMarch 1992, pp. 1,3-4. Faulkner, Jim. "Brother Will's Passing." Southern Living, March 1992, pp. 108-9. Boozer, William. "Monte Cooper and Faulkner Exchange Notes." Faulkner Newsletter, April-June 1992, pp. 1, 3. Correspondence with the Memphis book reviewer. Watson, James G . , ed. Thinking of Home: William Faulkner's Letters to His Mother and Father, 1918-1925 (#48; 1992). Williams, Joan. "Faullcner's Advice to a Young Writer." In Faulkner and the Short Story (#44; 1992), pp. 253-62. Reflections on Faulkner helping her as a young writer. McMillen, Neil R., and Noel Polk. "Faulkner on Lynching." Faulkner Journal 8, i (Fall 1992): 3- 14. On a 1931 letter to a Memphis newspaper that includes problematic comments on lynching.

426

Topical Studies: Biographies and Commentary on Faulkner's Life Watson, James G. "Two Letters about William Faulkner, 1918." Faulkner Journal 8, i (Fall 1992): 15-19. Letters by Phil Stone and Col. G. Wellesley. Bahr, Howard. "Lafayette County's Aircraft Warning Chief Wrote Epigraph in Homage to Their War Dead." Faulkner Newsletter, October-December 1992, pp. 1,3. On a World War I1 activity of Faulkner. This first appeared in The Oxford Eagle. Haynes, Jayne Isbell. "On the Origin of Cuthbert, Faulkner's Middle Name." Faulkner Newsletter, OctoberDecember 1992, p. 4. Watson, James G. "'My Father's Unfailing Kindness': William Faulkner and the Idea of Home." American Literature 64, iv (December 1992): 749-6 1. On letters home between 1918 and 1925, this finds a new perspective on Faulkner's relationship to his father as well as on the importance of "home" as a "sustaining idea" for the young writer. Roper, Gene, Jr. "At Ole Miss: Faulkner on Writers and Writing." Faulkner Newsletter, April-June 1993, pp. 1, 3. Williamson, Joel. William Faulkner and Southern History (#55; 1993). Watson, James G. "Faulkner in New Orleans: The 1925 Letters." In Faulkner, His Contemporaries, and His Posterity (#56; 1993), pp. 196-206. On letters to his mother as well as the friendship with Sherwood Anderson and Elizabeth Prall. Kinney, Arthur F., and David Berman. "Senator John Sharp Williams, Phil Stone, and a Postmaster's Job for Faulkner." Faulkner Journal 8, ii (Spring 1993): 95-98. On a 1922 letter on Faulkner from Stone to the Senator.

Topical Studies: Biographies and Commentary on Faulkner's Life

427

Cohen, Philip. "'This Hand Holds Genius': Three Unpublished Faulkner Letters." Mississippi Quarterly 46, iii (Summer 1993): 479-83. On three 1924 letters to Ben Wasson. Hickman, Lisa C. "William Faulkner: Dealing with His Demons." Memphis, September 1993. On treatment for "alcoholism and depression" in the 1940s and 1950s. Gray, Richard. The Life of William Faulkner (#59; 1994). Dardis, Tom. "'Oh, Those Awful Pressures!': Faulkner's 'Controlled' Drinking." In Beyond the Pleasure Dome: Writing and Addiction from the Romantics. Ed. Sue Vice, Matthew Campbell, and Tim Armstrong. Sheffield, England: Sheffield Academic Press, 1994, pp. 192-99. Disputes the notion that Faulkner was in control of his drinking and his alcoholism. This follows up on an essay in The Thirsty Muse (Ticknor and Fields, 1989). Kinney, Arthur F. "Faulkner's Wedding Site Is Questioned." Faulkner Newsletter, January-March 1995, pp. 1, 3. Bosha, Francis J. "William Faulkner's 1955 Visit to Japan." Kawamura Gakuin Joshi Daigaku Kenkyukiyo 6 (March 1995): 1-6. Day, Douglas. "Introduction" to Faulkner in the University. New edition. Ed. Frederick L. Gwynn, Joseph L. Blotner, and Douglas Day. Charlottesville, VA: UP of Virginia, 1995. Williamson, Joel. "A Historian Looks at Faulkner the Artist." In Faulkner and the Artist (#8 1; 1996), pp. 3-2 1. Reflections on researching and writing a biography of Faulkner.

Topical Studies: Biographies and Commentary on Faulkner's Life Blotner, Joseph. "William Faulkner and Robert Penn Warren as Literary Artists." In Faulkner and the Artist (#81; 1996), pp. 22-40. Compares the impact of their southern backgrounds on their work. Rankin, Thomas. "The Ephemeral Instant: William Faulkner and the Photographic Image." In Faulkner and the Artist (#8 1; 1996), pp. 294-3 17. Studies photographs by Cofield, Dain, Desvergnes, and Cartier-Bresson. Yorifuji, Michio. "A Study of William Faulkner and Nagano." Eigo Eibungaku Ronshu (Tsuru Bunka University) 24 (1996): 23-3 1. On the 1955 summer seminar. Bledsoe, Erik A. "Faulkner's Kentucky Derby Homage to Einstein." Faulkner Journal 12, ii (Spring 1997): 89-96. On Faulkner's use of an example from Einstein, whom he admired. Inge, M. Thomas. Introduction to "The Homesick Letters of William Faukner." OxfordAmerican 18 (1997): 44-55. Letters to Jill and Estelle, 1942-44. Wyatt-Brown, Bertram. "William Faulkner, Creativity and the Ravages of Alcoholism." In Thirteenth International Conference on Literature and Psychoanalysis. Ed. Frederico Pereira. Lisbon: Institute Superior de Psicologia Aplicada, 1997, pp. 137-43. Yorifuji, Michio. "A Study of William Faulkner and Nagano." The Making of a Faulkner Literature. Tokyo: Seibido Publishing, 1997. On recollections by Fumio Sasaki of Faulkner in Japan in 1955. The other essays in the book are in Japanese. Brown, Lany. Foreword to Faulkner's World: The Photographs of Martin J. Dain. Ed. Tom Rankin. Jackson,

Topical Studies: Biographies and Commentary on Fauikner's Life

429

MS: Center for the Study of Southern Culture, UP of Mississippi, 1997. A reprint of the book of photographs by Dain, with a Foreword by Larry Brown. 2089.

Sensibar, Judith L. "Writing for Faulkner, Writing for Herself: Estelle Oldham's Anticolonial Fiction." Prospects: An Annual Journal of American Cultural Studies 22 (1997): 357-78. Suggests that Estelle played an important role in Faulkner's development as a writer of fiction. This is followed by Sensibar's "Introductory Note to 'Star Spangled Banner Stuff,' by Estelle Oldham (Faulkner)," and the text itself, pp. 379-4 17.

2090.

Holditch, W. Kenneth. "William Spratling, William Faulkner and Other Famous Creoles." Mississippi Quarterly 51, iii (Summer 1998): 423-34. A later version is in Faulkner and His Contemporaries (# 163; 2004), pp. 2 139. A new look at Spratling and the others-such as Dos Passos, Anderson, and Saxon-who lived around Faulkner in New Orleans.

2091.

Welling, Bart H. "Faulkner's Library Revisited." Mississippi Quarterly 52, iii (Summer 1999): 365-420. On the collection of Faulkner's books recently sent to the University of Virginia by Jill, this includes annotations as well as additions to and revisions of Blotner's catalogue of Faulkner's library. This can be supplemented by "More News from Faulkner's Library," Mississippi Quarterly 53, iv (Fall 2000): 58389.

2092.

Pivano, Fernanda. "William Faulkner in Milan, 1955." Mississippi Quarterly 52, iii (Summer 1999): 503-8. On time she spent with Faulkner in Italy, with amusing anecdotes.

Topical Studies: Biographies and Commentary on Faulkner's Life

Duclos, Donald Philip. Son of Sorrow: The Life, Works and Influence of Colonel William C. Falkner, 1825-1889. Bethesda, MD: International Scholars, 1998. Includes Foreword by Stephen Hahn, Arthur F. Kinney, and Teresa Baker Kelly. East, Charles. "Oxford-in-Yoknapatawpha." Virginia Quarterly Review 74, iii (Summer 1998): 475-89. Retells recollections of Emily Stone, A. Wigfall Green, and others. Irwin, John T. "Not the Having but the Wanting: Faulkner's Lost Loves." Boulevard, Fall 1998, pp. 51-62. Wells, Dean Faulkner, and Lawrence Wells. "Fond Memories of Muny (Jack) Falkner by His Wife and Niece Mark Centennial of His Birth." Faulkner Newsletter, April-June 1999, pp. l,3-4. Jensen, Arnold, and Marianne Jensen. "Faulkner, Charlottesville and the Media." In William Faulkner: A Centennial Tribute (#119; 1999), pp. 294-3 10. Comments on Faukner by several persons. Whitehead, James. "An Afternoon Visit at Rowan Oak a Pleasant Memory 42 Years Later." Faulkner Newsletter, January-March 2000, pp. 1,3-4. On a 1958 visit. Holditch, W. Kenneth. "Growing Up in Faukner's Shadow." In Faulkner at 100 (#126; 2000), pp. 6-1 1. Part of a panel, "Who Was William Faulkner?," this includes recollections of Faulkner and his family. McHaney, Thomas L. "Untapped Faulkner: What Faulkner Read at the P.O." In Faulkner at 100 (#126; 2000), pp. 180-87. Part of a panel, "Untapped Faukner," this speculates on the kinds of reading Faulkner may have done in the early 1920s.

Topical Studies: Biographies and Commentary on Faulkner's Life

43 1

2101.

Sensibar, Judith L. "Faulkner and Love: The Question of Collaboration." In Faulkner at 100 (#126; 2000), pp. 18894. Part of "Untapped Faullcner," this studies the impact on Faulkner's development of the relationship with Estelle between 1921 and 1925 and argues that her return in December 1924 was important to his shift from poetry to fiction.

2102.

Towner, Theresa M. "Race and the Nobel Prize Winner." Faulkner on the Color Line (# 131;2000), pp. 119-44. A reappraisal of Faulkner's racial statements and ideas after 1950, this includes comparisons of Faulkner's ideas with Toni Morrison's and with statements by the character Ratliff.

2103.

Blotner, Joseph. "Writing William Faulkner's Biography." Teaching Faulkner, No. 17 (Fall 2000): 1-5. Based on a presentation from the 1970s.

2104.

Bacigalupo, Massimo. "New Information on William Faulkner's First Trip to Italy." Journal of Modern Literature 24, ii (Winter 2000-2001): 321-25. Covers the reporting on Spratling being arrested.

2105.

Hickman, Lisa C. "The Teller's Tale: An Afternoon on Faulkner's Minmagary." Southern Quarterly 39, iii (Spring 200 1): 151-61. On a 1950 boat excursion with Joan Williams.

2106.

Doyle, Don H. Faulkner's County: The Historical Roots of Yoknapatawpha (# 133; 200 1).

2107.

Hickrnan, Lisa C. "In Orbit with William Faulkner, Part 1." Memphis Magazine, July-August 2001, pp. 64-72; Part 2, September 2001, pp. 51-56, 113. On Faulkner and Joan, but also on his visits to Bard College and Princeton.

2108.

Gray, Paul. "Mister Faulkner Goes to Stockholm." Smithsonian, October 2001, pp. 56-60.

Topical Studies: Biographies and Commentary on Faulkner's Life

432 2109.

Blotner, Joseph. "Mr. Faulkner: Writer-in-Residence." Virginia Quarterly Review 77, ii (Spring 2001): 323-38. On Faulkner's time in Charlottesville and various university attitudes toward him.

2110.

Polsgrove, Carol. "William Faulkner: No Friend of Brown v. Board of Education." Journal of Blacks in Higher Education 32 (Summer 2001): 93-99. On Faulkner's ambivalent ideas about the politics of integration.

2111.

Walton, Gerald W. "An Estelle Faulkner Letter from California." Mississippi Quarterly 54, iii (Summer 2001): 363-65. A 1936 letter to Sallie Murray.

2112.

Welling, Bart H. "In Praise of the Black Mother: An Unpublished Faulkner Letter on 'Mammy' Caroline Barr." Georgia Review 55, iii (Fall 2001): 536-42. This follows "A Letter to Bishop Robert E. Jones" (529-36), a 1940 letter to a Methodist Episcopal bishop.

2113.

Bonner, Thomas, Jr., ed. "John Faulkner." Special Issue of Mississippi Quarterly 54, iv (Fall 2001): 447-624. The special issue includes James G. Watson, "Memory Believes before Knowing Remembers: William Faulkner, John Faulkner and My Brother Bill," pp. 579-94. It also includes a memoir, "Remembering John Faulkner," by Jimmy Faulkner, Murry Cuthbert 'Chooky' Falkner, and Frieda V. Rogers, pp. 503-7; Bonner's "John Faulkner's Divided Self," pp. 51326; articles on John's fiction by Robert E. Skinner and Ted Atkinson; and an article by Judith H. Bonner.

2114.

Howorth, Richard. "Citizen Faulkner Was a Duly Registered Voter." Faulkner Newsletter, October-December 2001, pp. 1,3.

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433

2115.

Gordon, Debra. "Biography of William Faulkner." In Bloom's BioCritiques (# 14 1 ;2002), pp. 3-40. A general summary.

2116.

Gillis, Mary P. "Faulkner: Life, Art, and the Poetics of Biography." Publications of the Mississippi Philological Association, 2002, pp. 30-38. Compares two kinds of biographies, that by Blotner and that by Williamson.

2117.

Samway, Patrick, S.J. "Toward Evaluating the Biographies of William Faulkner." Southern Review 38, iv (Autumn 2002): 880-88. Discusses biographies by Blotner, Williamson, Karl, Minter, and Oates.

2118.

Carpenter, Brian. "The Freestanding Poetry of Yoknapatawpha." Southern Review 39, iii (August 2003): 61724. On the architecture that Faulkner found "worth preserving and why."

2119.

Parini, Jay. One Matchless Time: A Lge of William Faulkner (#157; 2004). An excerpt is "William Faulkner: 'Not an Educated Man."' Chronicle of Higher Education, November 26,2004, pp. B6-B8.

2120.

Hale, Grace Elizabeth. "Invisible Men: William Faulkner, His Contemporaries, and the Politics of Loving and Hating the South in the Civil Rights Era; or, How Does a Rebel Rebel?" In Faulkner and His Contemporaries (#163; 2004), pp. 155-72. Puts Faulkner in the context of the conflicted "liberal" southern male in the Civil Rights era tom between a regional loyalty and his own romantic rebelliousness.

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434

2121.

Summersgill, Travis. "William Faulkner's Visit to Nagano." In Studies from East to West in Honor of V. H. Viglielmo. Honolulu, HI: College of Languages, Linguistics and Literature, University of Hawaii, 2005, pp. 21733.

2122.

King, Sally Wolff. "'He Liked to Call Me Padre': Bishop Duncan Gray Remembers William Faulkner." Southern Quarterly 43, i (Fall 2005): 80-106. An interview with a retired Episcopal bishop and social activist who knew Faulkner and presided at his funeral.

2123.

Inge, M. Thomas. William Faulkner (#177; 2006).

2124.

Hickman, Lisa C. William Faulkner and Joan Williams (# 176; 2006).

Further commentary: #24, #28, #45, #107, #133, #1818, #1853, #1917, #1933, #1957, #2001.

Topical Studies: Checklists and Bibliographical Materials

Checklists and Bibliographical Materials 2125.

Eagles, Brenda, comp. "Recent Manuscript Accessions at Mississippi College and University Libraries." Journal of Mississippi History 5 1 (February 1989): 43-49.

2126.

Verich, Thomas M. "Holtzman Collection at Michigan." Faulkner Newsletter, January-March 1990, pp. 1-2. An adjacent article by Toby Holtzman, "Toby Holtzman on Collecting Faulkner" (p. 2) is taken from the program of the 1989 installation in Ann Arbor. The story is also covered in Amy B. Montgomery, "Library Receives Faulkner Collection," Michigan Today, December 1989, p. 15. A symposium on the collection is covered in Thomas Verich, "'Days of Display and Discussion' Held at University of Michigan," Faulkner Newsletter, October-December 1992, p. 2.

2127.

Cohen, Philip G., David Krause, and Karl F. Zender. "William Faulkner." In Sixteen Modern American Authors: Volume 2: A Survey of Research and Criticism since 1972. Ed. Jackson R. Bryer. Durham, NC: Duke UP, 1990, pp. 210-300.

2128.

Inge, M. Thomas. "Faulkner." In American Literary Scholarship 1988. Ed. J. Albert Robbins. Durham, NC: Duke UP, 1990, pp. 139-51.

2129.

Wilhelm, Arthur. "An Assessment of Current Faulkner Scholarship in France: The Bibliographies of,Andrd Bleikasten, Michel Gresset, and Franqois Pitavy." Mississippi Quarterly 43, iii (Summer 1990): 4 17-30.

2130.

Monteiro, George. "Faulkner for Teachers: Reviews in the English Journal (1926-1960)." Notes on Mississippi Writers 23, i (January 1991): 1-13.

2131.

Xudong, Shao, and Thomas C. Carlson. "A Stone from Another Mountain: The Chinese Reception of William

Topical Studies: Checklists and Bibliographical Materials

Faulkner." Notes on Mississippi Writers 23, i (January 1991): 47-58. Includes an annotated checklist. Pratt, William. "Miami University Receives Mac Reed's Prized Collection." Faulkner Newsletter, January-March 1998, pp. 1,3. Crane, Joan St. C. "Faulkner Major Book Acquisitions." Chapter & Verse-10. Report to the Associates of the University of Virginia Library, May 1991, pp. 13-16. Bassett, John E, comp. Faulkner in the Eighties (#27; 1991). Payne, Ladell. "Faulkner." In American Literary Scholarship 1989. Ed. David J. Nordloh. Durham, NC: Duke UP, 1991, pp. 137-56. Duyischaever, Joris. "Faulkner and Theun de Vries: A Note on the Early Reception of Faulkner's Work in the Low Countries." In Europa Provincia Mundi. Ed. Joep Leerssen and Karl Ulrich Syndram. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 1992, pp. 389-97. On Faulkner's reception in Belgium and the Netherlands. Jie, Tao. "Fauher's Short Stories and Novels in China." In Faulkner and the Short Story (#44; 1992), pp. 174-205. Chakovsky, Sergei. "Soviet Perceptions of Faulkner's Short Stories." In Faulkner and the Short Story (#44; 1992), pp. 263-85. Inge, M. Thomas. "Faulkner." In American Literary Scholarship 1990. Ed. Louis Owens. Durham, NC: Duke UP, 1992, pp. 151-65. Marshall, Alexander J., 111. "Faulkner." In American Literary Scholarship 1991. Ed. David J. Nordloh. Durham, NC: Duke UP, 1993, pp. 135-48.

Topical Studies: Checklists and Bibliographical Materials

437

Marshall, Alexander J., 111. "Faulkner." In American Literary Scholarship 1992. Ed. David J. Nordloh. Durham, NC: Duke UP, 1994, pp. 131-41. Hilton, Sylvia L. "American Studies in Spain: Recent Trends." American Studies International 32, i (April 1994): 4 1-69. Marshall, Alexander J., 111. "Faulkner." In American Literary Scholarship 1993. Ed. Gary Scharnhorst. Durham, NC: Duke UP, 1995, pp. 113-24. Minnick, Cheryl. "Faulkner and Gender: An Annotated Select Bibliography (1982-1994)." Mississippi Quarterly 48, iii (Summer 1995): 523-53. Inge, M. Thomas, ed. William Faulkner: The Contemporary Reviews (#7 1; 1995). Yousef, Tawfiq. "The Reception of William Faulkner in the Arab World." American Studies International 33, ii (October 1995): 4 1-48. Also printed in Yearbook of Comparative and General Literature 48 (2000): 87-93. Vegh, Beatriz. "William Faulkner's Works Translated into Spanish." Faulkner Journal 11, i-ii (Fall 1995-Spring 1996): 181-84. Cohen, Philip. "Faulkner." In American Literary Scholarship 1994. Ed. David J. Nordloh. Durham, NC: Duke UP, 1996, pp. 149-65. Cohen, Philip. "Faulkner." In American Literary Scholarship 1995. Ed. Gary Scharnhorst. Durham, NC: Duke UP, 1997, pp. 143-72. McHaney, Thomas L. "William Faulkner." In Prospects for the Stu@ of American Literature: A Guide for Scholars and Students. Ed. Richard Kopley. New York: New York UP, 1997, pp. 297-3 14. An overview of the state of Faulkner studies.

43 8

Topical Studies: Checklists and Bibliographical Materials McHaney, Pearl A. "Welty's Reading of Faulkner: An Annotated Checklist." Eudora Welty Newsletter 21, ii (Summer 1997): 4-7. Inge, M. Thomas. "The Faulkner 100 Bookshelf." American Studies International 35, iii (October 1997): 80-88. Included in Faulkner: Achievement and Endurance (#112; 1998), pp. 370-80. Berkeley, Edmund, Jr. "Linton R. Massey." In American Book Collectors and Bibliographers, Second Series. Ed. Joseph Rosenblum. Detroit: Gale, 1998, pp. 227-32. Cohen, Philip, and Joseph R. Urgo. "Faulkner." In American Literary Scholarship 1996. Ed. David J. Nordloh. Durham, NC: Duke UP, 1998, pp. 141-78. Pitavy, Franqois. "Faulkner's Reception in France." In The Translations of Faulkner in Europe (#113; 1998), pp. 11-21. Mamoli Zorzi, Rosella. "Italian Translations of Faulkner: The State of the Art." In The Translations of Faulkner in Europe (#113; 1998), pp. 22-38. Also in South Atlantic Review 65, iv (Fall 2000): 73-89. Manella, Concha. "Faulkner's Yoknapatawpha County in Spain: A Nationalized Influence." In The Translations of Faulkner in Europe (#113; 1998), pp. 39-52. Georgoudaki, Ekaterini. "Greek Translations of Faulkner's Works." In The Translations of Faulkner in Europe (#113; 1998), pp. 53-68. Savolainen, Matti. "Fatal Drops of Blood in Yoknapatawpha: On Translations and Reception of Faulkner in Finland." In Translations of Faulkner in Europe (#113; 1998), pp. 69-79. Also in South Atlantic Review 65, iv (Fall 2000): 5 1-61.

Topical Studies: Checklists and Bibliographical Materials

439

2160.

Koreneva, Maya. "The Russian Faulkner's Progress." In Translations of Faulkner in Europe (#113; 1998), pp. 8087.

2161.

Masiero, Pia. "Comparative Chronologies Chart Faulkner's Translations." In Translations of Faulkner in Europe (#113; 1998), pp. 88-95. Also in South Atlantic Review 65, iv (Fall 2000): 62-72.

2162.

Nicolaisen, Peter. "William Faulkner at the End of the Century." Amerikastudien 44, ii (1999): 27 1-87. An overview of major Faulkner criticism of the previous few years including studies by Singal, Hbnnighausen, Ladd, Godden, Weinstein, Glissant, Polk, and Fowler, as well as papers from the Mississippi conference.

2163.

Cohen, Philip, and Joseph R. Urgo. "Faulkner." In American Literary Scholarship 1997. Ed. Gary Scharnhorst. Durham, NC: Duke UP, 1999, pp. 151-81.

2164.

Cohen, Philip, and Joseph R. Urgo. "Faulkner." In American Literary Scholarship 1998. Ed. David J. Nordloh. Durham, NC: Duke UP, 2000, pp. 149-78.

2165.

Richardson, Daniel C. "Towards Faulkner's Presence in Brazil: Race, History, and Place in Faulkner and Amado." South Atlantic Review 65, iv (Fa11 2000): 13-27.

2166.

Boozer, William. "Small Investment by a Friend of Faulkner's from Childhood Is Now an Ole Miss Treasure." Faulkner Newsletter, October-December 2000, p. 3. On first editions now at the University of Mississippi.

2167.

Hargreaves, Linda S. "Cumulative Index to The Faulkner Journal." Faulkner Journal 16, iii (Fall 2000-Spring 2001): 99-1 15.

2168.

Cohen, Philip, and Joseph R. Urgo. "Faulkner." In American Literary Scholarship 1999. Ed. Gary Scharnhorst. Durham, NC: Duke UP, 200 1, pp. 179-200.

Topical Studies: Checklists and Bibliographical Materials

440

2169.

Urgo, Joseph R. "Faulkner." In American Literary Scholarship 2000. Ed. David J. Nordloh. Durham, NC: Duke UP, 2002, pp. 163-90.

2170.

Urgo, Joseph R. "Faulkner." In American Literary Scholarship 2001. Ed. Gary Scharnhorst. Durham, NC: Duke UP, 2003, pp. 187-210.

2171.

Urgo, Joseph R. "Faulkner." In American Literary Scholarship 2002. Ed. David J. Nordloh. Durham, NC: Duke UP, 2004, pp. 161-80.

2172.

Suwabe, Koichi, comp. A Faulkner Bibliography (#162; 2004).

2173.

Peek, Charles A., and Robert W. Hamblin, eds. A Companion to Faulkner Studies (#158; 2004).

2174.

Hamblin, Robert W. "Mythic and Archetypal Criticism." In A Companion to Faulkner Studies (#158; 2004), pp. 126. Reviews mythic and archetypal criticism beginning in the 1950s, as well as Faulkner's conscious use of myth and the "myth" of Yoknapatawpha.

2175.

Towner, Theresa M. "Historical Criticism." In A Companion to Faulkner Studies (#158; 2004), pp. 27-45. A survey of a broad category of Faulkner studies, with attention to those that deal with the impact of history and wars on Faulkner as well as racial, ethnic, gender, and environmental issues.

2176.

Ramsey, D. Matthew. "Formalist Criticism." In A Companion to Faulkner Studies (#158; 2004), pp. 47-63. Taking a broad view of criticism dealing mostly with form and narrative method, this covers not only early critics such as Vickery but also those influenced by structuralism, deconstruction, narratology, and the ideas of Bakhtin.

Topical Studies: Checklists and Bibliographical Materials

44 1

2177.

Railey, Kevin. "Biographical Criticism." In A Companion to Faulkner Studies (#158; 2004), pp. 65-98. Begins by reviewing the early construction of a biographical paradigm of Faukner's life by Cowley, Collins, and others; then considers the playing out of biographical criticism after Blotner through Wittenberg, Minter, Sensibar, Polk, Watson, and others; and then evaluates the importance of biographical studies by such critics as Gray and Hdnnighausen.

2178.

Raschke, Deborah. "Modernist Criticism." In A Companion to Faulkner Studies (# 158; 2004), pp. 99- 124. Opens with a section distinguishing modernism from New Criticism, then focuses on "modernism as epistemological loss" and on critics who focus on Faulkner's profound sense of loss, and then studies "Faukner's modernist techniques" and critics who emphasize them.

2179.

Tebbetts, Terrell L. "Postmodern Criticism." In A Companion to Faulkner Studies (# 158; 2004), pp. 125-61. Less a review of postmodern criticism than a case for how much postmodern perspectives contribute to understanding Faulkner's fiction. Emphasizes several assumptions of postmodernism, such as the contingent and social nature of "truth," that help provide such perspectives.

2180.

Lurie, Peter. "Cultural-Studies Criticism." In A Companion to Faulkner Studies (# 158; 2004), pp. 163-95. After delineating cultural studies, a category that does overlap with several poststructuralist perspectives, this reviews the contributions of several Faulkner critics over the last two decades.

2181.

Fowler, Doreen. "Psychological Criticism." In A Companion to Faulkner Studies (#158; 2004), pp. 197-213. Reviews the role of Freudian, object-relations, and Lacanian perspectives in criticism, then surveys the important contributions of critics with those perspec-

Topical Studies: Checklists and Bibliographical Materials tives, emphasizing the plethora of varied Lacanian approaches in recent years. 2182.

Carvill, Caroline. "Feminist and Gender Criticism." In A Companion to Faulkner Studies (#158; 2004), pp. 21 5-32. Surveys gender criticism from early studies of Faulkner7sfemale characters to more recent poststructuralist feminist studies by Gwin and others, then includes a section on examples of varied feminist approaches to Absalom.

2183.

Knights, Pamela. "Rhetorical and Reader-Response Criticism." In A Companion to Faulkner Studies (#158; 2004), pp. 233-60. Surveys a range of rhetorical and reader-response studies of Faulkner and emphasizes issues related to the "inscribed reader" or the "participatory reader."

2184.

Inge, M. Thomas. "Popular-Culture Criticism." In A Companion to Faulkner Studies (# 158 ; 2004), pp. 26 1-77. On the many ways in which Faulkner's work intersects with different kinds of popular culture such as film, popular fiction, comics, and illustrations, and is influenced by them and influences them.

2185.

Linnemann, Amy E. C., and Philip Cohen. "Textual Criticism." In A Companion to Faulkner Studies (#158; 2004), pp. 279-306. Laments the failure of even some excellent Faulkner critics to attend to the textual history of works, since most of the works raise issues of textual "instability," but also reviews criticism enriched by awareness of the multiple versions of texts.

2186.

Peek, Charles A. "Thematic Criticism." In A Companion to Faulkner Studies (# 158; 2004), pp. 307-38. Reviews themes most often discussed by critics during several periods, 1924-1946, 1946-1952, 19521976, 1976-1981, and 1981 to the present.

Topical Studies: Checklists and Bibliographical Materials

443

2187.

Bemer, Seth. "Collecting Faulkner." In Faulkner and the Ecology of the South (# 174; 2005), pp. 153-67. Provides lessons for anyone planning to be a collector of Faukner's works.

2188.

Urgo, Joseph R. "Faulkner." In American Literary Scholarship 2003. Ed. Gary Scharnhorst. Durham, NC: Duke UP, 2005, pp. 171-99.

2189.

Kumar, Kavita. "Faulkner Cache Lies Stashed at SEMO." St. Louis Post-Dispatch, June 29,2005, p. 1A. On the collection at Southeast Missouri State University.

2190.

Urgo, Joseph R. "Faulkner." In American Literary Scholarship 2004. Ed. David J. Nordloh. Durham, NC: Duke UP, 2006, pp. 169-99.

Further commentary: #29, #1802, #1868, #2056.

V. Other Materials Reviews of Books about Faulkner 2191.

Pinsker, Sanford. "Faulkner Criticism's Inexhaustible Voice." Georgia Review 43, iv (Winter 1989): 795-803. (Karl, Hoffinan, Ross, Zender)

2192.

Foley, Barbara. "Making It." Novel 23, ii (Winter 1990): 2 18-20. (Schwartz)

2193.

Thomas, M. Wynn. Review. London Review of Books, January 11, 1990, p. 12. (Karl, Dowling)

2194.

Vachon, John. "Rereading Faulkner." Daily Yomiuri, January 28, 1990, p. 7. (Morris)

2195.

Kartiganer, Donald M. Review. American Literature 62, i (March 1990): 139-40. (Schwartz)

2196.

Harvey, Cathy Chance. Review. American Literature 62, i (March 1990): 140-41. (Ross)

2197.

Jehlen, Myra. Review. Journal ofAmerican History 76, iv (March 1990): 1321-22. (Schwartz)

2198.

Oliver, Charles M. Review. Studies in American Fiction 18, i (Spring 1990): 124-25. (Phillips)

2199.

Justus, James H. "Politics and the Literary Elite." Southern Literary Journal 22, ii (Spring 1990): 128-33.

2200.

Boozer, William. "Michael Millgate's 'Achievement' Is Now in Its 25h Year in Print." Faulkner Newsletter, April-June 1990, p. 4. (Millgate)

2201.

Inscoe, John C. Review. American Literature 62, ii (June 1990): 343-44. (Rabbetts)

446

Other Materials: Reviews of Books about Faulkner Donaldson, Susan V. Review. American Literature 62, ii (June 1990): 344-46. (Karl) O'Brien, Michael. Review. American Historical Review 95, ii (June 1990): 899. (Schwartz) Lundin, Roger. Review. Books and Religion 17 (Summer 1990): 7. (Karl) Watson, James G. Review. Modern Fiction Studies 36, ii (Summer 1990): 238-39. (Dowling, Hoffman) Ross, Stephen M. "Close Reading and Discursive Practice: A Review Essay on Faulkner." Mississippi Quarterly 43, iii (Summer 1990): 43 1-44. (Bleikasten, Morris) Urgo, Joseph. "William Faulkner, Screenwriter." Mississippi Quarterly 43, iii (Summer 1990): 445-50. (Kawin, Stallion Road, Country Lawyer) Arnold, Edwin T. Review. Mississippi Quarterly 43, iii (Summer 1990): 45 1-52. (Ross) Trouard, Dawn. Review. Mississippi Quarterly 43, iii (Summer 1990): 452-55. (Gwin) Zender, Karl F. Review. Mississippi Quarterly 43, iii (Summer 1990): 455-58. (Urgo) Walker, L. G., Jr. Review. Mississippi Quarterly 43, iii (Summer 1990): 458-60. (Hoffman) Polk, Noel. Review. Mississippi Quarterly 43, iii (Summer 1990): 460-6 1. (Millgate) Singal, Daniel J. Review. Journal of American History 77, ii (September 1990): 628-30. (Karl) Harvey, Cathy Chance. Review. American Literature 62, iv (December 1990): 733-34. (Urgo)

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Wittenberg, Judith Bryant. Review. American Literature 62, iv (December 1990): 734-35. (Morris) Sensibar, Judith L. Review. American Literature 62, iv (December 1990): 732-33. (Gwin) Wagner-Martin, Linda. Review. Modern Fiction Studies 36, iv (Winter 1990): 559-62. (Gwin, Morris, Harrington) Pritchard, William H. "Sound and Fury." Hudson Review 42, iv (Winter 1990): 685-91. (Karl) Quinlan, Kieran. "With Taste and Cunning: Faulkner and Orwell in the Postwar World." Georgia Review 44, iv (Winter 1990): 708- 12. (Schwartz) Towner, Theresa M. Review. Southern Quarterly 29, ii (Winter 1991): 131-33. (Urgo) Bukolski, Peter J. Review. Southern Quarterly 29, ii (Winter 1991): 159-60. ("William Faulkner: A Life on Paper," Mississippi Center for Educational Television, 1979) Harrington, Evans. "Keating, Urgo Studies Throw Corrective Light on Faulkner." Faulkner Newsletter, JanuaryMarch 1991, p. 2. (Keating, Urgo) Harvey, Cathy Chance. Review. American Literature 63, i (March 1991): 141-43. (Hoffman) Tamer, Laura E. Review. American Literature 63, i (March 1991): 143-44. (Harrington) Urgo, Joseph. Review. American Literature 63, i (March 1991): 144-45. (Kuyk) Crews, Frederick. "The Strange Fate of William Faulkner." New York Review ofBooks, March 7, 1991, pp. 4752. (An overview of several books and recent Faulkner criticism including that by Duvall, Moreland, and

Other Materials: Reviews of Books about Faulkner

Schwartz). John Duvall's response and Crews's reply are in "Faulkner's Strange Fate," October 24, 1991, p. 73. Mackinnon, Lachlan. "American Selves and Their Performances." TLS, March 22, 1991, p. 8. (Brodsky, Harrington, Moreland) Hanaoka, Shigeru. Review. Faulkner Studies (Japan) 1, i (Spring 1991): 6 1-74. (Snead, Ross, Kuyk) Kinney, Arthur F. Review. Studies in American Fiction 19, i (Spring 1991): 114-16. (Gresset) Harvey, Cathy Chance. Review. Southern Humanities Review 25, ii (Spring 1991): 185-87. (Gwin) Kreyling, Michael. "The Divine Mr. Faulkner." American Literary History 3, i (Spring 1991): 153-61. (Budd & Cady, Gresset, Schwartz) Clarke, Deborah. "Faulkner and His Critics: Moving into the 90s." Arizona Quarterly 47, i (Spring 1991): 117-35. (Schwartz, Ross, Gwin) Hamblin, Robert W. Review. South Atlantic Review 56, ii (May 1991): 160-63. (Urgo) Emery, Michael J. Review. South Atlantic Review 56, ii (May 1991): 163-65. (Budd) Mullen, R. D. "The Great Author, the Great Scholar, and the Small-Town Reporter." Journal of Mississippi History 53, ii (May 1991): 115-29. (Karl) Zender, Karl F. Review. Criticism 33, iii (Summer 1991): 4 11- 13. (Moreland) Stonum, Gary Lee. "Modernism and Its Discontents: Faulkner Studies Enter the Nineties." Mississippi Quarterly 44, iii (Summer 1991): 355-64. (Harrington, Moreland, Wright)

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449

Trouard, Dawn. "Resisting Revision: Faulkner and Compulsive Theories." Mississippi Quarterly 44, iii (Summer 1991): 365-69. (Moreland) Bassett, John E. Review. Mississippi Quarterly 44, iii (Summer 1991): 370-73. (Toolan) Ruppersburg, Hugh. Review. Mississippi Quarterly 44, iii (Summer 1991): 373-75. (Zender) Ficken, Carl. Review. Mississippi Quarterly 44, iii (Summer 1991): 376-78. (John Sykes, The Romance of Innocence and the Myth of History: Faulkner 's Religious Critique of Southern Culture in the NABPR Dissertation Series, Mercer University Press) Arnold, Edwin T. Review. Mississippi Quarterly 44, iii (Summer 1991): 378-83. (Duvall) Schoenberg, Estella. Review. Mississippi Quarterly 44, iii (Summer 1991): 383-85. (Kuyk) Fowler, Doreen. Review. Studies in the Novel 23, ii (Summer 1991): 285. (Harrington) Duvall, John N. "Faukner's Themes, Style Are Mapped by Karl Zender." Faulkner Newsletter, July-September 199 1, p. 2. (Zender) Tanner, Laura E. Review. American Literature 63, iii (September 1991): 564-65. (Duvall) Fowler, Doreen. Review. American Literature 63, iii (September 1991): 565-66. (Moreland) Minter, David. Review. American Literature 63, iii (September 1991): 567-69. (Bleikasten) Slaughter, Carolyn Norman. Review. American Literature 63, iii (September 1991): 569-72. (Brodsky, Wright)

Other Materials: Reviews of Books about Faulkner Yaeger, Patricia. "Ah, Compson, 0, Sartoris." Novel 25, i (Fall 1991): 111-15. (Duvall, Gwin) Matthews, John T. "Historical Faulkner." Novel 25, i (Fall 1991): 116-20. (Hoffman, Morris) Kummings, Donald D. Review. Studies in Short Fiction 28, iv (Fall 1991): 57 1-72. (Ferguson) Eckstein, Barbara. Review. Modern Fiction Studies 37, iv (Winter 1991): 733-35. (Reesman) Kinney, Arthur F. Review. Modern Fiction Studies 37, iv (Winter 1991): 743-52. (Bassett, Bleikasten, Kuyk, Lee, Moreland) Woolf, Sally. Review. Studies in the Novel 23, iv (Winter 1991): 492-93. (Bleikasten) Castille, Philip Dubuisson. Review. Studies in the Novel 23, iv (Winter 1991): 494-96. (Brodsky) Sensibar, Judith L. Review. South Atlantic Review 57, i (January 1992): 135-37. (Morris) Caldwell, Gail. "Portrait of the Artist as a Dutiful Son." Boston Globe, January 12, 1992, p. 40B. (Watson) McHaney, Tom. "Genesis of a Literary Genius." Atlanta Journal and Constitution, January 19, 1992, p. 8N. (Watson) Yardley, Jonathan. "Faulkner You Don't Need to Read." WashingtonPost, January 22, 1992, p. 2C. (Watson) Cohen, Philip. Review. American Literature 64, i (March 1992): 181-82. (Polk) Bolin, Bill. Review. Southern Quarterly 30, ii-iii (WinterSpring 1992): 205-7. (Toolan)

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45 1

Wolff, Sally. "William Faulkner: Three New Considerations of Folklore, Apocrypha, and Fable." Southern Literary Journal 24, ii (Spring 1992): 125-28. (Hoffman, Urgo, Harrington) Bell, Millicent. Review. Studies in American Fiction 20, i (Spring 1992): 117-19. (Reesman) Ruppersburg, Hugh. Review. Studies in American Fiction 20, i (Spring 1992): 119-20. (Kinney) Pearce, Richard. "Opening the Territory for Women Readers of Faulkner." Contemporary Literature 33, i (Spring 1992): 150-56. (Gwin) Glover, Michael. "Novelist in the Making." Financial Times (London), May 23, 1992, Books, p. xvi. (Watson) Ross, Stephen M. Review. American Literature 64, ii (June 1992): 392-93. (Hlavsa) Kaufmann, Michael. Review. American Literature 64, ii (June 1992): 393-94. (Lockyer) Hendricks, William 0. "Marginal Semiotics." Semiotica 89, i-iii (1992): 129-55. (Duvall) Ross, Stephen M. Review. Southern Quarterly 30, iv (Summer 1992): 200-203. (Lockyer) Samway, Patrick, S.J. Review. Mississippi Quarterly 45, iii (Summer 1992): 339-42. (five volumes of the Annotations to Faulkner's works) Ficken, Carl. Review. Mississippi Quarterly 45, iii (Summer 1992): 342-45. (Hlavsa) Kinney, Arthur F. Review. Mississippi Quarterly 45, iii (Summer 1992): 345-48. (Sowder)

452

Other Materials: Reviews of Books about Faulkner Schoenberg, Estella. Review. Mississippi Quarterly 45, iii (Summer 1992): 348-49. (Lockyer) Herman, Rebecca Bliss. Review. Mississippi Quarterly 45, iii (Summer 1992): 349-5 1. (Fowler & Abadie-Race) Walker, L. G., Jr. Review. Mississippi Quarterly 45, iii (Summer 1992): 352-53. (Robert Harrison, Aviation Lore in Faulkner, 1985) Daniel, Perky, The Reverend. Review. Mississippi Quarterly 45, iii (Summer 1992): 353-56. (Fowler & AbadieReligion) Nicolaisen, Peter. Review. Mississippi Quarterly 45, iii (Summer 1992): 356-59. (Claus Daiifenbach, 1990) Zender, Karl F. Review. Mississippi Quarterly 45, iii (Summer 1992): 359-6 1. (Bassett) Weisenburger, Steven. Review. Modern Fiction Studies 38, ii (Summer 1992): 472-73. (Lockyer) Koyama, Toshio. Review. Faulkner Studies (Japan) 1, ii (September 1992): 7 1-82. (Fowler & Abadie-Popular) Sugiura, Etsuko. Review. Faulkner Studies (Japan) 1, ii (September 1992): 83-103. (Duvall, Moreland) Lyday, Lance. "Faulkner Criticism: Will It Ever End?" South Carolina Review 25, i (Fall 1992): 183-93. (Urgo, Schwartz, Duvall, Hoffman, Brooks, Millgate) Bradford, M. E. "The Great Enterprise." Sewanee Review 100, iv (Fall 1992): 700-705. (Watson, Duvall, Ferguson, Hoffman, Karl) Rogers, Gary W. Review. South ~ t l a n t i cReview 57, iv (November 1992): 150-53. (Kuyk)

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Labor, Earle. Review. American Literature 64, iv (December 1992): 834-35. (Reesman) Donaldson, Susan V. Review. American Literature 64, iv (December 1992): 835-36. (Ferguson) Ross, Stephen M. Review. Modern Fiction Studies 38, iv (Winter 1992): 944-45. (Ferguson) Kinney, Arthur F. Review. Modern Fiction Studies 38, iv (Winter 1992): 945-48. (Watson) Broughton, Panthea Reid. "Faulkner's Family Letters." Southern Review 29, i (January 1993): 184-85. (Watson) Young, Stephen Flynn. Review. Southern Quarterly 3 1, ii (Winter 1993): 207-9. (Desvergenes) Hamblin, Robert W. Review. Teaching Faulkner, No. 2 (Winter 1993): 1-2. (Williamson) Bahr, Howard. "Young Faulkner's Letters Home Show Him Moving Foward [sic] in Time." Faulkner Newsletter, January-March 1993, p. 2. (Watson) Sensibar, Judith L. Review. American Literature 65, i (March 1993): 162-63. (Watson) Urgo, Joseph R. Review. American Literature 65, ii (June 1993): 377-78. (Weinstein) Moreland, Richard C. Review. Modern Fiction Studies 39, ii (Summer 1993): 376-77. (Weinstein) Castille, Philip Dubuisson. Review. Studies in the Novel 25, ii (Summer 1993): 237-38. (Hlavsa) King, Richard H. "Faulkner and Southern History." Mississippi Quarterly 46, iii (Summer 1993): 485-93. (Williamson)

Other Materials: Reviews of Books about Faulkner Kinney, Arthur F. Review. Mississippi Quarterly 46, iii (Summer 1993): 495-97. (Bassett) Kinney, Arthur F. Review. Mississippi Quarterly 46, iii (Summer 1993): 497-504. (Matthews, Wadlington, Berland) Duvall, John N. Review. Mississippi Quarterly 46, iii (Summer 1993): 504-8. (Weinstein) Banta, Martha. Review. Mississippi Quarterly 46, iii (Summer 1993): 508-12. (Reesman) Mortimer, Gail L. Review. Mississippi Quarterly 46, iii (Summer 1993): 5 12-15. (Harrington & Abadie-Short Story) McHaney, Thomas L. Review. Mississippi Quarterly 46, iii (Summer 1993): 5 16-19. (Gutting) Samway, Patrick, S.J. Review. Mississippi Quarterly 46, iii (Summer 1993): 5 19-21. (Haynes) Trouard, Dawn. Review. Mississippi Quarterly 46, iii (Summer 1993): 522-24. (Watson) Yardley, Jonathan. "The Novelist in His Place." Washington Post, August 22, 1993, Book World, p. 3. (Williamson) Woodward, C. Vann. "The South and the Fury." New Republic, August 23-30, 1993, pp. 41-45. (Williamson) Kirby, David. "Melville and Faulkner Biographies Explore Two Mysterious Writers." Christian Science Monitor, November 1, 1993, p. 13. (Williamson) Lyons, David. "Dixie's Boy: Faulkner Family Stories." Wall Street Journal, November 17, 1993, p. 20A. (Williamson)

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Donaldson, Susan V. Review. Journal of American History 80, iii (December 1993): 1142. (Weinstein) Covington, Tommy. "Jane I. Haynes Explores Tippah, Lafayette Roots." Faulkner Newsletter, January-March 1994, pp. 2-4. (Haynes) Parker, Robert Dale. Review. Studies in American Fiction 22, i (Spring 1994): 119-20. (Watson) Barlowe, Jamie. "Polemics: The AlwaysAlready Crisis of Male Subjectivity Or, the Penultimate Melodramas of Beset [American (Is A)] Manhood." Novel 27, iii (Spring 1994): 304-8. (Weinstein) A response by Weinstein is on pp. 309-1 1. Wagner-Martin, Linda. "Unearthing Truth in Yoknapatawpha" Southern Literary Journal 26, ii (Spring 1994): 109-10. (Williamson) Toms, Stephan R., and Timothy P. Caron. Review. Faulkner Studies (Japan) 2, i (April 1994): 5 1-55. (Fowler & Abadie-Religion) Watanabe, Constance Ann. Review. Faulkner Studies (Japan) 2, i (April 1994): 57-65. (Kinney-McCaslin) Kreyling, Michael. Review. American Literature 66, ii (June 1994): 395-96. (Williamson) Samway, Patrick, S.J. "Another Faulkner Biography." Virginia Quarterly Review 70, iii (Summer 1994): 56773. (Williamson) Doyle, Don H. "The World That Created William Faulkner." Southern Review 30, iii (Summer 1994): 615-26. (Williamson) Mellard, James. "Desire and Interpretation: Reading The Sound and the Fury." Mississippi Quarterly 47, iii (Summer 1994): 497-5 19. (Polk, New Essays)

Other Materials: Reviews of Books about Faulkner Jones, Anne Goodwyn. "Female, Feminine, Feminist, Femme, Faulkner?" Mississippi Quarterly 47, iii (Summer 1994): 521-45. (Gwin, Roberts, Clarke) Minter, David. Review. Mississippi Quarterly 47, iii (Summer 1994): 547-49. (Watson) Thomas, William. "Looking Back on Faulkner." Globe and Mail (Canada), August 5, 1994. (Boozer) Egerton, John. "The Faulkner Newsletter: Bound to Be Collectible." Faulkner Newsletter, October-December 1994, p. 2. (Boozer) Watson, Jay. Review. South Atlantic Review 59, iv (November 1994): 161-65. (Williamson) Labor, Earle. Review. American Literature 66, iv (December 1994): 858-59. (Watson) Gwin, Minrose. Review. Modern Fiction Studies 40, iv (Winter 1994): 838-44. (Clarke, Roberts) Ross, Stephen M. Review. Modern Fiction Studies 40, iv (Winter 1994): 844-47. (Watson) Kinney, Arthur F. "Faulkner's Families: A Review Essay." Southern Quarterly 33, ii-iii (Winter-Spring 1995): 227-30. (Chabrier) Brantley, Will. Review. American Literature 67, i (March 1995): 163-64. (Roberts) Leader, Zachary. "The Life Is Elsewhere." TLS, April 7, 1995, p. 23. (Gray) Dunleavy, Linda. Review. Studies in American Fiction 23, i (Spring 1995): 119-20. (Roberts)

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White, Mary Wheeling. "The Shifting Ground of Faulkner's Women." Southern Literary Journal 27, ii (Spring 1995): 129-31. (Roberts) Church, Jennifer Ross. Review. Genre 28, i-ii (SpringSummer 1995): 237-43. (Roberts) Weinstein, Philip M. Review. Mississippi Quarterly 48, iii (Summer 1995): 555-63. (Kartiganer & AbadiePsychology) Carothers, James B. Review. Mississippi Quarterly 48, iii (Summer 1995): 565-67. (Jones, Brown) Duvall, John N. Review. Mississippi Quarterly 48, iii (Summer 1995): 567-70. (Chabrier) Filbin, Thomas. "A Tale of Two Writers." Virginia Quarterly Review 72, i (Winter 1996): 172-75. (Gray) Harvey, Cathy Chance. Review. American Literature 68, i (March 1996): 258-59. (Gray) Makowsky, Veronica. Review. Teaching Faulkner, No. 9 (Spring 1996): 1. (Hahn) Davis, Todd. "A Loss of Innocence: The Act of Reading William Faulkner in a Postmodern World." Mississippi Quarterly 49, iii (Summer 1996): 619-32. (Weinstein) Cohen, Philip. "Faulkner Studies and Ideology Critique in the 1990s." Mississippi Quarterly 49, iii (Summer 1996): 633-53. (Kartiganer & Abadie-Ideology) Gillis, Bill R. Review. Studies in Short Fiction 33, iii (Summer 1996): 443-45. (Jones) Taylor, Henry. "Sanctuary." New York Times Book Review, February 9, 1997, p. 7. (Hines)

458

Other Materials: Reviews of Books about Faulkner Urgo, Joseph R. Review. American Literature 69, i (March 1997): 235-36. (Polk) Walpole, Guilford H. "Walpool's Worm Oil." South Carolina Review 29, ii (Spring 1997): 172-76. (Woolf) Kirchdorfer, Ulf. Review. Teaching Faulkner, No. 11 (Spring-Summer 1997): 6-7. (Vanderwerken) Urgo, Joseph. Review. Mississippi Quarterly 50, iii (Summer 1997): 507-12. (Kartiganer & Abadie-Artist) Bleikasten, Andrk. Review. Mississippi Quarterly 50, iii (Summer 1997): 5 12-15. (Polk) Fowler, Doreen. Review. Mississippi Quarterly 50, iii (Summer 1997): 5 15-18. (Kinney) Zeitlin, Michael. Review. Mississippi Quarterly 50, iii (Summer 1997): 518-21. (Ross & Polk, Arnold & Trouard) Ross, Stephen M. Review. Mississippi Quarterly 50, iii (Summer 1997): 522-25. (Visser) Duvall, John N. Review. Mississippi Quarterly 50, iii (Summer 1997): 525-28. (LaLonde) Vanderwerken, David L. Review. Mississippi Quarterly 50, iii (Summer 1997): 528-29. (Wolff & Watkins) Towner, Theresa M. Review. Mississippi Quarterly 50, iii (Summer 1997): 529-32. (Wagner-Martin) Vegh, Beatriz. Review. Mississippi Quarterly 50, iii (Summer 1997): 532-35. (Fayen) Armstrong, Julie Buckner. Review. Southern Quarterly 35, iv (Summer 1997): 152-53. (Weinstein)

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Lidnard, Marie. Revie w. Southern Quarterly 35, iv (Summer 1997): 153-54. (Glissant) Gray, Richard. "The Old Curse." TLS, July 11, 1997, p. 24. (Weinstein, Ladd) Roberts, Diane. Review. Atlanta Journal and Constitution, September 2 1, 1997, p. 12L. (Singal) Wilson, Deborah. Review. Southern Quarterly 36, i (Fall 1997): 171-72. (Kartiganer & Abadie-Gender) Lester, Cheryl. Review. Modern Fiction Studies 43, iv (Winter 1997): 1003-4. (Polk) Castille, Philip Dubuisson. Review. Studies in the Novel 30, i (Spring 1998): 1 12-15. (Polk) Shackelford, Dean. "Singal Work Explores Victorian Values, Modernism in Faulkner." Faulkner Newsletter, April-June 1998, p. 3. (Singal) Smith, Geoffrey D. Review. American Literature 70, ii (June 1998): 414-15. (Fowler) Reid, Panthea. Review. American Literature 70, ii (June 1998): 4 15-16. (Weinstein) Allen, Ward S. Review. Southern Humanities Review 32, iii (Summer 1998): 295-97. (Hines) Moore, Gene M. Review. Mississippi Quarterly 51, iii (Summer 1998): 581-83. (Bremy) Wyatt-Brown, Bertram. Review. Journal of American History 85, ii (September 1998): 732-33. (Singal) Yarbrough, Scott. Review. South Atlantic Review 63, iv (Fall 1998): 127-30. (Kartiganer & Abadie-Gender)

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Other Materials: Reviews of Books about Faulkner Brownlee, Peter J. "Visualizing the World of William Faulkner." American Studies International 36, iii (October 1998): 73-77. (Rankin, Hines) Clarke, Deborah. Review. Modern Fiction Studies 44, iv (Winter 1998): 1005-8. (Weinstein) Underwood, Thomas A. Review. American Historical Review 104, i (February 1999): 22 1-22. (Singal) Kreiswirth, Martin. Review. American Literature 71, i (March 1999): 185-86. (Godden) Reid, Panthea. Review. American Literature 71, i (March 1999): 186-87. (Singal) Wagner-Martin, Linda. "The Inexhaustible Source: Faulkner's Life." Southern Literary Journal 3 1, ii (Spring 1999): 118-2 1. (Gray, Singal) Hartley, Christine Schwartz. Review. New York Times Book Review, May 16, 1999, p. 28. (Glissant) Taylor, Robert. "Faulkner through a Caribbean Lens." Boston Globe, June 29, 1999, p. 2E. (Glissant) Irmscher, Christoph. "Reading Faulkner Ecocritically." Mississippi Quarterly 52, iii (Summer 1999): 5 11-23. (Kartiganer & Abadie-Environment, John Faulkner, Millgate, Skei-ed., Skei-Reading) Thomas, Calvin. Review. Mississippi Quarterly 52, iii (Summer 1999): 525-30. (Weinstein) Ladd, Barbara. Review. Mississippi Quarterly 52, iii (Summer 1999): 530-32. (Glissant) Page, Philip. Review. Modern Fiction Studies 45, ii (Summer 1999): 485-87. (Kolrnerton)

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Ross, Stephen M. Review. Modern Fiction Studies 45, ii (Summer 1999): 487-89. (Htinnighausen) Fowler, Doreen. Review. Modern Fiction Studies 45, ii (Summer 1999): 489-9 1. (Singal) Horn, Jason. "Southern Crossings, Racial Divides." Southern Literary Journal 32, i (Fall 1999): 108-10. (Ladd) Inge, M. Thomas. "On Faukner's Influence." Faulkner Newsletter, October-December 1999, p. 2. (Glissant) Kartiganer, Donald. Review. Oxford American 30 (November-December 1999): 84-87. (Inge) With additional comments on Faulkner's interviews. Phillips, Caryl. "Promiscuities." New Republic, December 27, 1999, pp. 33-38. (Glissant) Urgo, Joseph. Review. American Literature 72, i (March 2000): 204-6. (Skei) Castille, Philip Dubuisson. Review. Studies in the Novel 32, i (Spring 2000): 84-87. (Fowler) Williams, Joan. "Conversations Time Well Spent with Faulkner." Faulkner Newsletter, April-June 2000, pp. 2, 4. (Inge) Moreland, Richard C. Review. American Literature 72, ii (June 2000): 432-33. (Kartiganer & Abadie-Cultural Context) Urgo, Joseph R. Southern Quarterly 38, iv (Summer 2000): 152-53. (Towner) Polk, Noel. "The Pleiade Faukner." Mississippi Quarterly 53, iv (Fall 2000): 591-93. (Reviews French translations in the Pleiade series)

462

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McHaney, Thomas L. "The Faulkner Encyclopedia." Mississippi Quarterly 53, iv (Fall 2000): 595-98. (Harnblin & Peek) Kartiganer, Donald M. "Faulkner Criticism: A Partial View." Faulkner Journal 16, iii (Fall 2000-Spring 2001): 8 1-98. (Claridge) LaHood, Marvin J. Review. World Literature Today 75, i (Winter 2001): 128. (Railey) Inge, M. Thomas. "New Watson Work on List of Essential Faulkner Studies." Faulkner Newsletter, JanuaryMarch 200 1, p. 2. (Watson) Morris, Wesley. Review. American Literature 73, i (March 2001): 203-4. (Singal) Winchell, Mark Royden. "The Faulkner Wars." Sewanee Review 108, ii (April-June 2000): 284-92. (Mostly on Howe, Brooks, Vickery, and Blotner, critics whose works have been reprinted) Loyd, Dennis. "Teachers Get New Help in Anecdotes and Methods of Presenting Faulkner." Faulkner Newsletter, April-June 2001, p. 2. (Hahn) Marshall-Keim, Tamara. Review. Mississippi Quarterly 54, iii (Summer 2001): 405-9. (Towner) Wolmart, Gregory. Review. Mississippi Quarterly 54, iii (Summer 200 1): 409- 12. (Singal) Johnson, David. Review. Mississippi Quarterly 54, iii (Summer 2001): 412-14. (Rollyson) Bain-Creed, Benjamin. Review. Mississippi Quarterly 54, iii (Summer 2001): 414-17. (Kartiganer & AbadieFaulkner at 100)

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Atkinson, Ted. Review. Modern Fiction Studies 47, ii (Summer 200 1): 473-75. (Railey) Zender, Karl F. Review. Modern Fiction Studies 47, ii (Summer 200 1): 475-77. (Towner) Holland, Sharon P. Review. Modern Fiction Studies 47, ii (Summer 200 1): 477-79. (McKee) Peek, Charles A. '"Happen Is Never Once."' Teaching Faulkner, No. 19 (Fa11 2001): 9-10. (Doyle) Zhao, Terithy Peiling. Review. Southern Humanities Review 36, i (Winter 2002): 93-96. (Towner) Hahn, Stephen. Review. South Atlantic Review 67, ii (Spring 2002): 84-86. (Towner) Wagner-Martin, Linda. "Race and Class in Faulkner." Southern Literary Journal 34, ii (Spring 2002): 148-52. (Railey, Towner) Stecopoulos, Harry. Review. Mississippi Quarterly 55, ii (Spring 2002): 271-76. (McKee) Dore, Florence. Review. Mississippi Quarterly 55, iii (Summer 2002): 44 1-44. (Doyle) Boyagoda, Randy. Review. Mississippi Quarterly 55, iii (Summer 2002): 444-47. (Urgo & Abadie-America) Welling, Bart H. Review. Mississippi Quarterly 55, iii (Summer 2002): 447-49. (Zender) Blotner, Joseph. "Once More: The Actual and the Apocryphal." Virginia Quarterly Review 78, iv (Autumn 2002): 748-52. (Doyle) Bassett, John E. Review. Criticism 45, i (Winter 2003): 134-39. (Zender)

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Other Materials: Reviews of Books about Faulkner Lee, Jenk. Review. American Literature 75, i (March 2003): 191-93. (Minter, Schreiber) Kodat, Catherine Gunther. "Faulkner and 'Faulkner.'" American Literary History 15, i (Spring 2003): 188-89. (Towner, Watson) Padgett, John B. Review. Mississippi Quarterly 56, iii (Summer 2003): 459-63. (Watson) Batty, Nancy E. Review. Modern Fiction Studies 49, ii (Summer 2003): 363-64. (Schreiber) Towner, Theresa M. Review. Modern Fiction Studies 49, ii (Summer 2003): 364-66. (Minter) Padgett, John B. Review. Mississippi Quarterly 56, iv (Fall 2003): 681-83. (Rio-Jelliffe) Urgo, Joseph R. Review. South Atlantic Review 68, iv (Fall 2003): 124-27. (Zender) Goldstein, Laurence. "Our Faulkner, Ourselves." Michigan Quarterly Review 42, iv (Fall 2003): 724-37. (Urgo & Abadie-America, Zender) Donaldson, Susan V. Review. Modern Fiction Studies 49, iv (Winter 2003): 845-46. (Zender) Towner, Theresa M. Review. South Atlantic Review 69, i (Winter 2004): 144-46. (Urgo & Abadie-America) Lowe, John. Review. American Literature 76, i (March 2004): 179-82. (Towner, Railey) Towner, Theresa M. Review. Mississippi Quarterly 57, ii (Spring 2004): 344-46. (Wagner-Martin) Blotner, Joseph. "A Faulkner Biography for Our Time." Sewanee Review 112, iv (Fall 2004): cxxvi-cxxix. (Parini)

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Clark, Jim. Review. Mississippi Quarterly 57, iv (Fall 2004): 659-60. (Welty) McKenzie, Marilyn Mobley. "Strategies of Containment: Faulkner's Narratives of Race, Gender, and the Law." Novel 38, i (Fall 2004): 121-23. (Davis) Pritchard, William H. "A Frontiersman." Commonweal, October 22,2004, pp. 34-36. (Parini) Carrigan, Henry L., Jr. "Faulkner in Full." Atlanta Journal-Constitution, November 7,2004, p. 4L. (Parini) Freeman, John. "The Time of His Life." Times-Picayune (New Orleans), November 7,2004, Books, p. 6. (Parini) Benfey, Christopher. "The Ding-Dong of Doom." New Republic, November 8,2004, pp. 25-30. (Parini) Kirby, David. "The World William Faulkner Forged." Christian Science Monitor, November 9,2004, p. 16. (Parini) Strandberg, Victor. "Worthy Addition." Chicago Tribune, November 14,2004, Books, pp. 1,4. (Parini) Millgate, Michael. "A Faulkner for the People." Globe and Mail (Canada), November 27,2004, p. 39D. (Parini) Cobb, William J. "A Novel Biography." Houston Chronicle, December 5,2004, Zest, p. 19. (Parini) Hendricks, David. "Biography Sheds Light on Faulkner." San Antonio Express-News, December 19, 2004, p. 6J. (Parini) Watson, Jay. Review. Studies in the Novel 36, iv (Winter 2004): 590-93. (Zender)

Other Materials: Reviews of Books about Faulkner

Schmitz, Neil. "A Study of William Faulkner Builds Connections to the Past." BuSfalo News, February 27, 2005, p. 7G. (Parini) Horn, Jason Gary. Review. American Literature 77, i (March 2005): 194-96. (Zender, Davis) Coetzee, J. M. "The Making of William Faulkner." New York Review of Books, April 7,2005, pp. 20,22-24. (Parini) Robinson, Owen. Review. Journal of American Studies 39, ii (Summer 2005): 338. (Peek & Hamblin) Fowler, Doreen. "Interpreting Faulkner in a Postmodern Age." Southern Literary Journal 38, i (Fall 2005): 13541. (Davis, Zender) Miles, Caroline. Review. Mississippi Quarterly 59, ii (Spring 2006): 376-79. (Atkinson) Pfeiffer, Kathy. Review. Studies in the Novel 38, i (Spring 2006): 125-26. (Davis) Hagood, Taylor. Review. Studies in the Novel 38, ii (Summer 2006): 267-69. (Labatt) Poole, Michael B. Review. Southern Humanities Review 40, iii (Summer 2006): 30 1-3. (Rovit) Mesquita, Paula Elyseu. Review. American Literature 78, iv (December 2006): 876-77. (Hannon, Lurie)

Other Materials: Magazine and Journal Articles

Magazine and Journal Articles 2456.

Tate, James. "An O'Connor Remembrance." Flannery O'Connor Bulletin 17 (1988): 65-68.

2457.

Walsh, William. "An Interview with Madison Jones." Southern Humanities Review 23 (Winter 1989): 39-5 1.

2458.

Cobb, James C. "Southern Writers and the Challenge of Regional Convergence: A Comparative Perspective." Georgia Historical Quarterly 73, i (Spring 1989): 1-25.

2459.

Pinsker, Sanford. "Lost CausesIMarginal Hopes: The Collected Essays of Irving Howe." Virginia Quarterly Review 65, ii (Spring 1989): 215-30.

2460.

Gardner, Pat. "Embarrass My Dog." Publications of the Mississippi Philological Association, 1989, pp. 56-65. On devices used by writers as defenses against selfrevelations.

2461.

Phillips, Robert. "The Art of Fiction cx: Elizabeth Spencer." Paris Review, No. 111 (Summer 1989): 184-213. Spencer comments on Faulkner.

2462.

Ferris, William. "An Interview with Cleanth Brooks." Southern Reader 1 (Summer 1989): 139-63.

2463.

Eddins, Dwight. "Opinion: Yellow Wood, Diverging Pedagogies; Or, the Joy of Text." College English 51, iv (October 1989): 571-76. Brief comment on "The Bear."

2464.

Easton, Richard. "An Interview with George Garrett." New Orleans Review 17, i (Winter 1990): 33-40.

2465.

Boozer, William. "Worldwide Attention Still Comes in Books by, about Faukner." Faulkner Newsletter, January-March 1990, pp. 1,3.

Other Materials: Magazine and Journal Articles Cowart, David. "Faulkner and Joyce in Morrison's Song of Solomon." American Literature 62, i (March 1990): 87100. On echoes of G o Down, Moses. Michaels, Walter Benn. "The Vanishing American." American Literary History 2, ii (Summer 1990): 220-4 1. Wells, Larry and Dean. "Faulkner Scholar Carve1 Collins Is Remembered with Affection." Faulkner Newsletter, July-September 1990, pp. 1-3. A connected article on p. 4, by William Boozer, is "Collins Remembered for His Generosity and Encouragement." Also related is a letter from Rue1 Foster in the April-June 1991 issue, p. 2. Landon, George P. "History, His Story, and Stories in Graham Swift's Waterland." Studies in the Literary Imagination 23, ii (Fall 1990): 197-211. Sees it as a "postrnodern rewriting" of Absalom, Absalom! Peters, Renate. "From Illusion to Disillusion: Sartre's View of America." Canadian Review ofAmerican Studies 21 (Fall 1990): 173-82. Van Herk, Aritha. "CrowB(e)ars and Kangaroos of the Future: The Post-Colonial Ga(s)p." World Literature Written in English 30, ii (Autumn 1990): 42-54. Compares postmodern writers with Faulkner and D. H. Lawrence. Kinney, Arthur F. "Story of Leon Koury's Faulkner Bust Told in Letters to Wasson." Faulkner Newsletter, AprilJune 1991, pp. 1,3-4. Irwin, John T. "The Journey to the South: Poe, Borges, Faulkner." Virginia Quarterly Review 67, iii (Summer 1991): 416-32. On Borges's comments on Faulkner.

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2474.

Lawson, Lewis. "The Quentin Compson Connection." Modern Age 33 (Summer 1991): 406-9. On Fred Hobson's use of the Quentin Compson figure in his new book.

2475.

Hobson, Fred. "Surveyors and Boundaries: Southern Literature and Southern Literary Scholarship afier MidCentury." Southern Review 27, iv (Autumn 1991): 73955.

2476.

Kesterson, David, and J. F. Kobler. "Hawthorne and Faulkner: At the University." Nathaniel Hawthorne Review 17 (Fall 1991): 1-20. On teaching the two authors. A related article is by Sharon L. Dean, "Hawthorne and Faulkner: At the Small College," pp. 20-2 1.

2477.

Boozer, William. "Faulkner Revisited, Being Read Again by These Admirers." Faulkner Newsletter, OctoberDecember 1991, pp. 1,3-4. On Colin Campbell and Jonathan Yardley.

2478.

Sims, Robert L. "From Fictional to Factual Narrative: Contemporary Critical Heteroglossia, Gabriel Garcia Mirquez's Journalism and Bigeneric Writing." SIL 25 (Spring 1992): 2 1-60. On Garcia Mhrquez's two essays on Faulkner.

2479.

Bonner, Thomas, Jr., and Michael P. Dean, eds. "Light in New Orleans: Change in the Writings of Mark Twain, Lafcadio Hearn, William Faulkner, and Walker Percy." University of Mississippi Studies in English 10 (1992): 213-26.

2480.

Vickers, Jim. "A Week or 3 Days in Chapel Hill: Faulkner, Contempo, and Their Contemporaries." North Carolina Literary Review l, i (Summer 1992): 17-29.

2481.

Farmer, Joy A. "The Sound and the Fury of Larry Brown's 'Waiting for the Ladies."' Studies in Short Fiction 29, iii (Summer 1992): 3 15-22.

Other Materials: Magazine and Journal Articles Kreyling, Michael. "Fee, Fie, Faux Faulkner: Parody and Postrnodernism in Southern Literature." Southern Review 29, i (Winter 1993): 1-15. Crane, John Kenny. "Literary Machismo: Steinbeck, Faulkner, and Hemingway." Steinbeck Newsletter 6, i (Winter 1993): 1-5. On Nobel Prizes. "Attempt to End Pappy-Papa 'Feud' Flops in Los Angeles." Faulkner Newsletter, April-June 1993, pp. l, 3. On Hemingway and Faulkner. Roper, Gene, Jr. "Faulkner on Writers and Writing." Faulkner Newsletter, April-June 1993, pp. 1,3. A report, written in 1947 and published here for the first time, on Faulkner's classes "at Ole Miss" in April 1947. Christie, John S. "Fathers and Virgins: Garcia Mhrquez's Faulknerian Chronicle of a Death Foretold," Latin American Literary Review 2 1, No. 4 1 (June 1993): 2 1-29. Inge, M. Thomas. "Peking University Hosts First Faulkner Symposium." Faulkner Newsletter, July-September 1993, p. 4. On a May 1992 conference in China. Cody, David C. "Faulkner, Wells, and the 'End of Man."' Journal of Modern Literature 18, iv (Fall 1993): 465-74. On the Nobel prize speech. Bushloper, Lida. "Author-Emended Printed Material in the Huntington Library." Huntington Library Quarterly 57, i (Winter 1994): 61-78. Includes a brief comment by Fredson Bowers on galley revisions in Sanctuary. '"Sanctuary' in Russian." Faulkner Newsletter, AprilJune 1994, p. 4. A new translation.

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Hiraishi, Takaki. "Letter." Faulkner Newsletter, AprilJune 1994, p. 2. An English summary of his new book (in Japanese), The Melancholic Design: Faulkner 's Beginnings. Inge, M. Thomas. "Andrd Juillard Chose As I Lay Dying to Illustrate." Faulkner Newsletter, April-June 1994, pp. 3-4. A French comic-book format. West, John T., 111. "Randal Kenan: A Voice to Be Reckoned With." Publications of the Mississippi Philological Association 94 (1994): 87-91. Compares families in the fiction of Faulkner and Kenan. Fox-Genovese, Elizabeth. "The Anxiety of History: The Southern Confrontation with Modernity." Southern Cultures, Inaugural Issue (1994): 65-82. Hearn, Pamela. "Teaching Faulkner: Meaning through Metaphor." Teaching Faulkner, No. 6 (Fall 1994): 2-3. Carr, Susan. "The Turtle MountainIYoknapatawpha Connection." Bulletin of the West Virginia Association of College English Teachers 16 (Fall 1994): 18-25. Sources in Faulkner for Louise Erdrich's fiction. Whissell, Cynthia M. "A Computer Program for the Objective Analysis of Style and Emotional Connotations of Prose: Hemingway, Galsworthy, and Faulkner Compared." Perceptual and Motor Skills 79, ii (October 1994): 8 15-24. PellQ, Gustavo. "Ideology and Structure in Giardinelli's Santo Oficio de la memoria." Studies in Twentieth Century Literature 19, i (Winter 1995): 8 1-99. Compares Faulkner and Giardinelli.

Other Materials: Magazine and Journal Articles Grimshaw, James A. "'A Singular Association': The Brooks-Warren Literary Correspondence." Southern Review 3 1, ii (Spring 1995): 239-50. Boozer, William. "New Faulkner Foundation Is Launched at Rennes 2." Faulkner Newsletter, April-June 1995, pp. 1,3. Ferris, William. "Southern Literature and Folk Humor." Southern Culture 1, iv (Summer 1995): 43 1-55. Wilson, Deborah. "'Reinventing the Record': Ellen Douglas's A Lifetime Burning as 'Anlother', Southern Narrative." Southern Quarterly 33, iv (Summer 1995): 65-82. Douglas's comments on Faulkner. Love, Tamsen Douglas. "Defining Postmodernism: Styron's 'Complicitous Critique' of Faulkner." Southern Literary Journal 28, i (Fall 1995): 19-34. Kirby, David. "What Is a Writer?' Virginia Quarterly Review 72, i (Winter 1996): 75-85. Compares Melville with Faulkner. Morris, Mark. "Gossip and History: Nakagami, Faulkner, and Garcia Mhrquez." Japan Forum 8, i (March 1996): 35-50. On Faulkner's influence on Nakagami Kenji. Fisher-Wirth, Ann. "Letter from Oxford, Mississippi." Georgia Review 50, i (Spring 1996): 25-28. Includes comments on Joe Christmas. Jamieson, Marguerite, Rebecca Kajs, and Anne Agee. "Computer-Assisted Techniques to Enhance Transformative Learning in First-Year Literature Courses." Computers and the Humanities 30, ii (1996): 157-64. Uses "Barn Burning" as an example. Spencer, Elizabeth. "Neighbor to an Indian Chief." Sewanee Review 104, iv (Fall 1996): 599-607. Comments on "Mountain Victory."

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Hannon, Charles. "Teaching the Conflicts as a Temporary Instructor." College Literature 24, ii (1997): 126-41. Delgado, E. Emesto. "Macondo in Yoknapatawpha: The Exquisite Privilege of Reading William Faulkner's Novels." ANQ 10, ii (Spring 1997): 33-35. On Faulkner's importance to writers in Latin America. Regiosa, Carlos G. "How Long Faulkner?" ANQ 10, iii (Summer 1997): 22-24. A whimsical piece on Faulkner's influence on him. Welty, Eudora. "Welty's Speech at the First Day of Issue of the William Faulkner Stamp." Eudora Welty Newsletter 2 1, ii (Summer 1997): 1-3. Caesar, Judith. "'Miss Leonora When Last Seen': Why Americans Run Away from Home." Studies in Short Fiction 34, iv (Fall 1997): 449-58. On "A Rose for Emily" as an influence on a Peter Taylor story. Schroeder, Alan. "Thieves Like Us: Altman and Tewkesbury's Faulkner." Creative Screenwriting 4, iii (Fall 1997): 24-32. On a screenplay connected to Faulkner. Vendrame, Alessandra. "Toni Morrison: A Faulknerian Novelist?" Amerikastudien 42, iv (1997): 679-84. Briefly compares narrative methods in Song ofsolomon and Absalom. Absalom! Mitsch, Ruthmarie H. "Maryse Condd's Mangroves." Research in African Literatures 28, iv (Winter 1997): 54-70. On connections to the Caribbean writer Condd. Quarnmen, D. "Backwater Boondoggle." Audobon, January-February 1998, pp. 42-63.

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Hannah, Barry. "Quiet, Please." Faulkner Newsletter, January-March 1998, p. 2. Bickley, R. Bruce. "White No Longer." Mississippi Quarterly 5 1, ii (Spring 1998): 333-37. Compares Cable, Twain, and Faukner on race identity. Blotner, Joseph. "Dedication of William Faulkner Bust at University of Rennes." Southern Literary Journal 30, ii (Spring 1998): 127-32. Mayer, Kurt Albert. "(Re-)Reading Ken Kesey through Faulkner." Arbeiten aus Anglistik und Amerikanistik 23, ii (1998): 259-82. Kazin, Alfred. "The Novel of the Century." American Heritage, September 1998, pp. 18-19. Foster, Rue1 E. "Faulkner Studies Pioneer Recalls the Beginning." Faulkner Newsletter, October-December 1998, PP. 1,3. A year later Faulkner Newsletter (October-December 1999, pp. 1, 3-4) printed "On Faulkner's Pleasant Life among Snobs," an article by Foster about Faulkner in Charlottesville that had been published in 1964 in National Observer. Inge, M. Thomas. "Faulkner's Influence on Other Writers Is Widely Acknowledged in Acclaim Here and Abroad." Faulkner Newsletter, January-March 1999, p. 3. David, Lee A. "Mythical Worlds of Latin American Writers." Confluencia 14, ii (Spring 1999): 24-33. Azevedo, Carlos. "Funeral Excursions, Posthumous Discourses: Twain, Faulkner, and Postmodemist Writing." Op Cit: Una Revista de Estadios Anglo-Americanos 2 (1999): 115-26. Cohn, Deborah. "'The Paralysis of the Instant': The Stagnation of History and the Stylistic Suspension of Time in

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475

Gabriel Garcia Mhrquez's La Lajarasca." College Literature 26, ii (1999): 59-78. On Latin American writers and Faulkner. Lunddn, Rolf. "Reception, Influence, and Imitation: Resonances of American Authors in Swedish Literature." Swedish-American Historical Quarterly 50, iii (July 1999): 182-96. Embry, Marcus. "The Shadow of Latinidad in US Literature." Discourse 2 l, iii (Fall 1999): 77-94. Comments on Light in August. Peach, Linden. "The Woolf at Faulkner's Door: Modernism and the Body in Emyr Humphrey's 1950s Fiction." Welsh Writing in English 6 (2000): 144-62. Azouqa, Aida. "Ghassan Kanafani and William Faulkner: Kanafani's Achievement in AN That's Left to You." Journal of Arabic Literature 3 1, ii (2000): 147-70. On Faulkner's influence on Kanafani. Earl, John. "The Faulkner Collection: Illustrations of London Theatres." Theatre Notebook 54, i (2000): 52-59. Boozer, William. "Marshall J. Smith Gets Two Stories, Beer, and Great Photos on a Sunday Visit with the Author of Sanctuary." Faulkner Newsletter, October-December 2000, pp. 1,3. Boozer, William. "'Love and Kisses, Tally Ho!'" Faulkner Newsletter, October-December 2000, p. 4. On Faulkner and Random House. Yarbrough, Scott. "Faulkner and Water Imagery in Barton Fink." Faulkner Journal 16, i-ii (Fall 2000-Spring 2001): 95-104. Wilkinson, Bob. "Visitor to Rowan Oak Recalls Bourbon and Hospitality." Faulkner Newsletter, January-March 2001, pp. 1,4.

Other Materials: Magazine and Journal Articles Lowe, John. "From 'Flags in the Dust' to Banners of Defiance: Tales of a Symbol's Transformation." CaNaloo 24, i (2001): 117-22. Bone, Martyn. "'All the Confederate Dead . . . All of Faulkner the Great': Faulkner, Hannah, Neo-Confederate Narrative and Postmodern Parody." Mississippi Quarterly 54, ii (Spring 200 1): 197-2 1 1. On Barry Hannah's parodic revisions of Faulkner's portrayal of chivalric male heroism. Little, Robert Ashford, as told to T. E. Simmons. "Growing Up with Mr. Faulkner." Oxford American, May-June 200 1. Bauer, Margaret D. "No More Endurance Here: The Prevailing Woman's Voice in Lee Smith's Oral History." Pembroke Magazine 33 (2001): 2 1-43. Compares Faulkner's treatment of women characters. Woodress, Fred A. "Two Visits Recalled with This 'Outrageous, Interesting' Man." Faulkner Newsletter, JulySeptember 2001, pp. 1,3-4. Proctor, Minna. "Reader's Files: The Fascist Archives." The Literary Review 45 (2002): 479-99. Comments on Sanctuary being censored in Italy. Hicks, Heather J. "On Whiteness in T. Coraghessan Boyle's The Tortilla Curtain." Critique 45 (2003): 43-64. Compares a character with Joe Christmas. Harrison, Suzan. "Repudiating Faulkner: Race and Responsibility in Ellen Douglas's The Rock Cried Out." Southern Literary Journal 36, i (Fall 2003): 1-20. Turner, Richard S. "Teaching William Faulkner in High School Advanced Placement Classrooms." Teaching Faulkner, No. 2 1 (Fa11 2003): 1-5.

Other Materials: Magazine and Journal Articles

477

2546.

Cohn, Deborah. "William Faulkner's Ibero-American Novel Project: The Politics of Translation." Southern Quarterly 42, ii (Winter 2004): 5-18.

2547.

Clabough, Casey. "Will, Appetite, Faulkner, and Two French Poets: Fred Chappell's The Inkling." Southern Quarterly 42, iv (Summer 2004): 6-1 8.

2548.

Doyle, Don. "What Was, Is: Epilogue to Faulkner's County." Proteus 2 1, ii (Fall 2004): 1-2.

2549.

Tebbetts, Terrell. "The Last Girls, Family Linen, and Faulkner: A Conversation with Lee Smith." Philological Review 3 1, i (Spring 2005): 43-65. A related article by Tebbetts is "Disinterring Daddy: Family Linen's Reply to A s I Lay Dying," Southern Literary Journal 38, ii (Spring 2006): 97-1 12.

2550.

Tyree, Jim. "As I Lay Reading." Nation, August 118, 2005, pp. 36-39. On Oprah picking Faulkner's books for her club.

2551.

Peek, Charles A. "The Opening of the Chinese Mind." Teaching Faulkner, No. 23 (Fall 2005): 1-2. The introduction to a special eleven-page issue, "Teaching Faulkner in China," on Peek's teaching Faulkner's works in China. The other items are papers on Faulkner by Chinese students.

2552.

Tebbetts, Terrell. "Sanctuary Redux: Faulkner's Logical Pattern of Evil in McCarthy's No Country for Old Men." Philological Review 32, i (Spring 2006): 69-8 1.

Other Materials: Newspaper Articles

Newspaper Articles 2553.

Mewshaw, Michael. "Letter from Charlottesville: The Ghosts of Jefferson and Poe." Washington Post, June 3, 1990, Book World, p. 15. Letters in response came on July 8 (p. 14) from William L. Duren, Jr., and Marflo Stephens.

2554.

Campbell, Colin. "Diary." Atlanta Journal and Constitution, December 9, 1990, p. ID; December 12, 1990, p. 10B; December 16,1990, p. 1D. A three-part essay on Faulkner.

2555.

Yardley, Jonathan. "Faulkner, Fondly Revisited." Washington Post, January 7, 1991, p. 2C.

2556.

"FBI Files Dip into William Faulkner's Alleged Love Affair." St. Petersburg Times, July 3 1, 1991, p. 8A. On a 1956-1957 threat related to an extortion plot and Faulkner's relationship with Jean Stein. A longer and similar story is in the St. Louis Post-Dispatch, August 2, 1991, p. 9A.

2557.

Fleming, John. "Faulkner Springs to Life in One-Man Show." St. Petersburg Times, October 11, 1991, Weekend, p. 29. On John Maxwell's portrayal of Faulkner.

2558.

"A Furor over Faulkner's Home." USA Today, February 13, 1992, p. 7D.

2559.

Chaffin, Tom. "Faulkner's Ill-fated Film Career 1932." Atlanta Journal and Constitution, May 3 1, 1992, p. 2M.

2560.

Bathersby, John. "Athol Fugard: The Face of South Africa's Conscience." Christian Science Monitor, July 14, 1992, pp. 10-11. Fugard comments on Faulkner.

Other Materials: Newspaper Articles

479

"Oxford Conference." Atlanta Journal and Constitution, August 3, 1992, p. lOB. Comments by Sergei Chakovsky. Skube, Michael. "Sound and Fury in Oxford." Oregonian (Portland), August 4, 1993, p. 4D. Benson, Jyl. "Site of Faulkner's Work Inspires Group in Quarter." Times-Picayune (New Orleans), September 12, 1993, p. 27H. Cheakalos, Christina. "The French Quarter's Golden Days." Atlanta Journal and Constitution, November 14, 1993, p. 4M. "Ole Miss Raises Money for Faulkner Home." TimesPicayune (New Orleans), December 23, 1993, p. 2B. Ensrud, Barbara. "Faulknermania in Ole Miss." Wall Street Journal, December 29, 1993, p. 6A. On the growing Faulkner "industry." Yardley, Jim. "P. C. Factor Restores Faulkner's Fading Popularity." Atlanta Journal and Constitution, July 3 1, 1994, p. 4M. Sommers, Pamela. "Fascinated by Faulkner: In 'Bicycle,' Three Women and a Man of Letters." Washington Post, November 6, 1995, p. 5D. Dodds, Richard. "A Fan Creates a Career from 'Mr. Faulkner."' Times-Picayune (New Orleans), December 1, 1995, p. 18L. On John Maxwell's portrayal. Skube, Michael. "Faulkner, Oxford Uneasy Partners." Atlanta Journal and Constitution, August 11, 1996, p. 10L. Shales, Tom. "'Old Man."' Washington Post, February 8, 1997, p. 1B.

Other Materials: Newspaper Articles There were several other reviews of the Hallmark Hall of Fame adaptation of Faulkner's story. Auchmutey, Jim. "Fracas over Faulkner." Atlanta Journal and Constitution, March 9, 1997, p. 3M. Swanson, Doug J. "A Lot of Sound and Fury over Statue of Faulkner." Times-Picayune (New Orleans), March 16, 1997, p. 3B. Schwartz, Amy. "Rite in August." Washington Post, August 27, 1997, p. 19A. Wilkie, Curtis. "The Sound and Fury to Remember Faulkner." Boston Globe, September 14, 1997, p. 22A. Messud, Clare. "Bard of the Bayou." Guardian (London), September 20, 1997, p. 6. Rose, Christopher. "The Haunter and the Haunted." ~imes-picayune(New Orleans), September 2 1, 1997, p. 1E. Salisbury, Luke. "Faulkner and the Power of Words." Boston Globe, September 24, 1997, p. 23A. Ringle, Ken. "Faulkner, Between the Lines." Washington Post, September 25, 1997, p. 1C. Gussow, Mel. "More Than Enduring, Faulkner Prevails." New York Times, September 25, 1997, p. 1E. Baker, Donald P. "At 100, Novelist William Faulkner Gets a Sculpture in Yoknapatawpha County." Washington Post, September 26, 1997, p. 3A. Jester, Art. "Faulkner Ranks with Joyce, Thomas Mann among Great Modernists." Arkansas Democrat-Gazette (Little Rock), September 28, 1997, p. 65.

Other Materials: Newspaper Articles

48 1

Messud, Clare. "Faulkner at 100: Complex Author's Mythic Creations Include Himself." Houston Chronicle, September 28, 1997, Zest, p. 32. Yardley, Jonathan. "Sound and Fury, Signifying Nothing." Washington Post, October 20, 1997, p. 2C. Frazier, Charles. "A Book That Changed Me." Independent (London), May 10, 1998, p. 36. The novelist comments on The Hamlet. Lowry, Beverly. "Literary Pilgrimages." New York Times, May 10, 1998, Sophisticated Traveler, pp. 52 ff. Johnson, Rheta Grimsley. "Mississippi Town Finally Impressed with Faulkner." Atlanta Journal and Constitution, September 27, 1998, p. 1C. On Faulkner and the town of Ripley. Zane, J. Peder. "'Lost' Faulkner Story Brings Up Old Issues That Are Still Unsolved." St. Louis Post-Dispatch, August 3, 1999, p. 3D. On "Lucas Beauchamp." Roper, Anne. "A Sleepy Sanctuary: William Faulkner's Home." Irish Times, October 21,2000, Weekend, p. 73. Vejnoska, Jill. "Revival at Rowan Oak." Atlanta Journal and Constitution, October 29,2000, p. 1M. Smith, Libby. "Entering Faulkner Country." Arkansas Democrat-Gazette (Little Rock), August 12,2001, p. 1H. Cohen, Adam. "What the Bard of Oxford Can Teach Critics of the New World Order." New York Times, August 4, 2002, p. 12C. An appreciative essay, which received a letter in response from Louis T. Mayeux, August 8, 2002, p. 24A.

Other Materials: Newspaper Articles

482

2593.

Grimes, Christopher. "Booking a Place in History." Financial Times (London), September 6, 2003, Travel, p. 17.

2594.

Zipp, Yvonne. "Will Oprah's Book Club Really Turn These Pages?'Christian Science Monitor, June 9, 2005, p. 11.

2595.

Bancroft, Colette. "As You Lay Trying." St. Petersburg Times, June 21,2005, p. 1E.

2596.

Dubail, Jean. "Digging for Treasure in Faulkner's Writing." Cleveland Plain Dealer, June 30,2005, p. IF.

2597.

O'Rourke, Meghan. "Deconstructing Faulkner with Oprah." Ottawa Citizen (Canada), October 1,2005, p. 3F.

2598.

Ringle, Ken. "Tending a Charlottesville Vineyard and Memories of 'Pappy' Faulkner." Washington Post, October 26,2005, p. 5F. Comments by Jill.

2599.

Carr, Sarah. "Complexity of Faulkner's Prose . . . ." Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, March 19,2006, p. 4E.

Other Materials: Books

Books 2600.

Alter, Robert T. The Pleasures of Reading in an Ideological Age. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1989. Comments on the Compson and Sutpen stories. Bredahl, A. Carl, Jr. New Ground: Western American Narrative and the Literary Canon. Chapel Hill, NC: U of North Carolina P, 1989. Coleman, James W. Blackness and Modernism: The Literary Career of John Edgar Wideman. Jackson, MS: UP of Mississippi, 1989. Wideman's comments on Faulkner. Dahlberg, Edward. Samuel Beckett's Wake and Other Uncollected Prose. Elmwood Park, IL: Dalkey Archive Press, 1989, pp. 67-74,266-67. Simpson, Lewis P. Mind and the American Civil War: A Meditation on Lost Causes. Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State UP, 1989. Bradford, M. E. The Reactionary Imperative: Essays Literary & Political. Peru, IL: Shenvood Sugden, 1990. Harris, Laurie Lanzen. Characters in Twentieth-Century Literature. Detroit: Gale Research, 1990. Includes many of Faulkner's characters. Inge, M. Thomas. Comics as Culture. Jackson, MS: UP of Mississippi, 1990. Montgomery, Marion. The Men I Have Chosen for Fathers: Literary and Philosophical Passages. Columbia, MO: U of Missouri P, 1990. Yates, Gayle Graham. Mississippi Mind: A Personal Cultural History of an American State. Knoxville, TN: U of Tennessee P, 1990.

Other Materials: Books Young, Thomas Daniel. Selected Essays, 1965-1985. Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State UP, 1990. Clayton, John J. Gesture of Healing: Anxiety & the Modern Novel. Amherst, MA: U of Massachusetts P, 199 1. Comments on Quentin Compson. Harrison, Elizabeth J. Female Pastoral: Women Writers Re- Visioning the American South. Knoxville, TN: U of Tennessee P, 1 99 1. Hobson, Fred. The Southern Writer in the Postmodern World. Athens, GA: U of Georgia P, 1991. Rubin, Louis D., Jr. The Mockingbird in the Gum Tree: A Literary Gallimaufry. Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State UP, 1991. Schmidt, Peter. The Heart of the Story: Eudora Welty's Short Fiction. Jackson, MS: UP of Mississippi, 199 1. Wells, Dean Faukner, ed. The Best of Bad Faulkner. San Diego: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 199 1. Zacharasiewicz, Waldemar. "Stereotypes and Sense of Identity of Jewish Southerners." In The United States South: Regionalism and Identity. Ed. Valeria Gennaro Lerda and Tjebbe Westendorp. Rome: Bulzoni Editore, 1991, pp. 167-85. Brooks, Peter. Reading for the Plot: Design and Intention in Narrative. Cambridge, M A : Harvard UP, 1992. Garrett, George P. The Sorrows of Fat City: A Selection of Literary Essays and Reviews. Columbia, SC: U of South Carolina P, 1992. Morrison, Toni. Pluying after Dark. Cambridge, MA: Harvard UP, 1992. Denisova, Tamara. "In Search of Community: The Individual and Society in the New American Novel." In Rus-

Other Materials: Books

485

sian Eyes on American Literature. Ed. Sergei Chakovsky and M. Thomas Inge. Jackson, MS: UP of Mississippi, 1992, pp. 212-34. Dickerson, Mary Jane. "Stephen King Reading William Faulkner: Memory, Desire, and Time in the Making of It." In The Dark Descent: Essays Defining Stephen King's Horoscope. Ed. Tony Magistrate and Joseph Citro. New York: Greenwood, 1992, pp. 187-201. West, James L. W., 111. "Inheritance of Night": Early Drafts ofLie Down in Darkness. Durham, NC: Duke UP, 1993. Hofhann, Gerhard. "Historical Consciousness, Aesthetics, and the Experimental Southern Novel." In Rewriting the South (#52; 1993), pp. 47-6 1. Brief comments on Faulkner anticipating postmodernism. Mamoli Zorzi, Rosella. "Faulkner and a Contemporary Feminist Novel: From The Bear to Aritha Van Herk's The Tent Pig." In Faulkner, His Contemporaries, and His Posterity (#56; 1993), pp. 309-16. On Faulkner's influence on a 1981 Canadian novel. Yoshida, Michiko. "Kenji Nakagami as Faulkner's Rebellious Heir." In Faulkner, His Contemporaries, and His Posterity (#56; 1993), pp. 350-60. Simpson, Lewis P. The Fable of the Southern Writer. Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State UP, 1994. Smith, David Lionel "Bloodlines and Patriarchs: Of Love and Dust and Its Revisions of Faulkner." In Critical Reflections on the Fiction of Ernest J. Gaines. Ed. David C . Estes. Athens, GA: U of Georgia P, 1994, pp. 46-61. Bradford, M. E. "And Waitfor the Night: A Comment by Analogy." In John William Corrington: Southern Man of

Other Materials: Books Letters. Ed. William Mills. Conway, AR: UCA, 1994, pp. 19-25. Compares Corrington's use of history with Faulkner's. Bernard, Andrd. Now All We Need Is a Title: Famous Book Titles and How They Got That Way. New York: Norton, 1994. Inge, M. Thomas. Perspectives on American Culture: Essays on Humor, Literature, and the Popular Arts. West Cornwall, CT: Locust Hill, 1994. McDonald, Heather. Faulkner's Bicycle. New York: Samuel French, 1994. Dardis, Tom. Firebrand: The Lge of Horace Liveright. New York: Random House, 1995. Metress, Christopher. "'A New Father and a New Home': Styron, Faulkner, and Southern Revisionism." In The Critical Response to William Styron. Ed. Daniel W. Ross. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1995, pp. 45-60. Weisenburger, Steven. Fables of Subversion: Satire and the American Novel, 1930-1980. Athens, GA: U of Georgia P, 1995. Brief comments on "The Bear." Gillespie, Michael Patrick. "Baroque Catholicism in Southern Fiction: Flannery O'Connor, Walker Percy, and John Kennedy Toole." In Traditions, Voices, and Dreams: The American Novel since the 1960s. Ed. Melvin J. Freedman and Ben Siegel. Newark, DE: U of Delaware P, 1995, pp. 25-47. Morimoto, Shin'ichi. "Aspects of Japanese Christian Literature." In ICLA '91 Tokyo: The Force of Vision, I: Dramas of Desire, Visions of Beauty. Ed. Earl Miner et al. Tokyo: International Comparative Literature Association, 1995, pp. 231-36. Compares Japanese novelists with Faulkner.

Other Materials: Books

487

2638.

Hanley, Lawrence F. "Popular Culture and Crisis: King Kong Meets Edmund Wilson." In Radical Revisions: Rereading 1930s Culture. Ed. Bill Mullen and Sherry Lee Linkon. Urbana, IL: U of Illinois P, 1996, pp. 242-63. Connects Sanctuary to issues of the 1930s.

2639.

Morris, Christopher, and Steven G. Reinhardt, eds. Southern Writers and Their Worlds. College Station, TX: Texas A&M UP, 1996. Includes comments by Bertram Wyatt-Brown, Anne Goodwyn Jones, and others.

2640.

Bennett, Bruce. "Homecomings: A Personal Reflection." In A Talent(ed) Digger. Ed. Hena Maes-Jelinek, Gordon Collier, and Geoffrey V. Davis. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 1996, pp. 85-88. Compares Faulkner with Australian writers.

2641.

D'haen, Theo. "American Identities and Postcolonial Theories." In Why Literature Matters: Theories and Functions of Literature. Ed. Rudiger Ahrens and Laurenz Volkmann. Heidelberg: Winter, 1996, pp. 181-93. Reads Faulkner through Glissant to see a book like Absalom in a broader culture of the Americas. Another version is "Transcending Borders: Faulkner and Alternative Identities" in Cultural Dialogue and Misreading. Ed. Mabel Lee and Meng Hua. Sydney: Wild Peony, 1997, pp. 330-37.

2642.

Hannah, Barry. "Whispers in the High Lonesome." In Faulkner and the Artist (#8 1 ; 1996), pp. 333-37. Brief comments by Hannah on Faulkner.

2643.

Jones, Anne Goodwyn. "The Work of Gender in the Southern Renaissance." In Southern Writers and Their Worlds. Ed. Christopher Morris and Steven G. Reinhardt. College Station, TX: Texas A&M UP, 1996, pp. 41-56.

2644.

Winchell, Mark Royden. Cleanth Brooks and the Rise of Modern Criticism. Charlottesville, VA: UP of Virginia, 1996.

Other Materials: Books Cowart, David. "Faulkner and Joyce in Morrison: Song of Solomon." In Approaches to Teaching the Novels of Toni Morrison. Ed. Nellie Y . McKay and Kathryn Earle. New York: Modem Language Association of America, 1997, pp. 135-40. Bennett, Barbara. Comic Visions, Female Voices: Contemporary Women Novelists and Southern Humor. Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State UP, 1998. Briley, Rebecca. "Southern Accents: Horton Foote's Adaptations of William Faulkner, Harper Lee, and Flannery O'Connor." In Horton Foote: A Casebook. Ed. Gerald C. Wood. New York: Garland, 1998, pp. 49-65. Kennedy, Richard S., ed. Literary New Orleans in the Modern World. Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State UP, 1998. Shida, Zhu. "William Faulkner and Mo Yan." In Faulkner: Achievement and Endurance (#112; 1998), pp. 3365 1. Giullermin, George. "'Books Made out of Books': Some Instances of Intertextuality with Southern Literature in Outer Dark." In Proceedings of the First European Conference on Cormac McCarthy. Ed. David Holloway. Miami, FL: Cormac McCarthy Society, 1999, pp. 28-34. Brinkmeyer, Robert. Remapping Southern Literature: Contemporary Southern Writers and the West. Athens, GA: U of Georgia P, 2000. Clark, William Bedford, ed. Selected Letters of Robert Penn Warren. 2 vols. Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State UP, 2000. Gray, Richard. Southern Aberrations: Writers of the American South and the Problems of Regionalism. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State UP, 2000.

Other Materials: Books

489

2654.

Handley, George B. "Between the Insular Self and the Exotic Other: Alejo Carpentier and William Faulkner." Postslavery Literatures in the Americas, Family Portraits in Black and White. Charlottesville, VA: UP of Virginia, 2000, pp. 112-14.

2655.

Lavie, Marie-Jos6. "Barton Fink and William Faulkner." In Joel & Ethan Coen: Blood Siblings. Ed. Paul A. Woods. London: Plexus, 2000, pp. 104-7.

2656.

MacKethan, Lucinda H. "Daughters of the Confederacy: Southern Civil War Fictions and The Wave." In Evelyn Scott: Recovering a Lost Modernist. Ed. Dorothy M. Scura and Paul C. Jones. Knoxville, TN: U of Tennessee P, 2001, pp. 107-22. Compares Scott and Faulkner on mother-daughter relationships.

2657.

Fant, Joseph C., 111, and Robert Ashley, eds. Faulkner at West Point. Jackson, MS: UP of Mississippi, 2002. A new edition with a Preface by David L. G. Arnold and Introduction by Russell K. Alspach.

2658.

Brinkmeyer, Robert H., Jr. "Class as Race: Representation of Poor Whites in Modem Southern Literature." In The Many Souths: Class in Southern Culture. Ed. Waldemar Zacharasiewicz. Tubingen, Germany: Stauffenburg, 2003, pp. 147-56. Compares Caldwell, McCarthy, and Allison with Faulkner.

2659.

Inge, M. Thomas, and Donkia Romeiro Carvalho Inge. "William Faulkner and Guimariies Rosa: A Brazilian Connection." In Faulkner and His Contemporaries (# 163; 2004), pp. 173-88.

2660.

Slovic, Scott. "Visceral Faulkner: Fiction and the Tug of the Organic World." In Faulkner and the Ecology of the South (#174; 2005), pp. 115-32. Comments on several writers appealing to "sensory faculties" to present the natural world.

Other Materials: Books

490

2661.

de la Houssaye, Jeanne. "McCrady's La-FAY-ette County." In Faulkner and the Ecology of the South (#174; 2005), pp. 133-52. On paintings of John McCrady, a Mississippi artist.

2662.

Trouard, Dawn. "From Texas with Love: Welty's Collateral Snopes." In The Enduring Legacy of Old Southwestern Humor. Ed. Ed Piacentino. Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State UP, 2006, pp. 86- 101.

Other Materials: Doctoral Dissertations

Doctoral Dissertations 2663.

Bryant, Cedric Gael. "Race, Gender, and Metaphor in Five Major Novels by William Faulkner" (California-San Diego, 1989). DAI 51 (4): 1227A

2664.

Etheridge, Charles Larimore, Jr. "Dos Passos, Steinbeck, Faulkner, and the Narrative Aesthetic of the Thirties" (Texas Christian, 1989). DAI 50 (9): 2895A

2665.

Hines, Janmarie Booth. "Vision and Voice: Scripture and Transcription" (Texas, 1989). DAI 50 (9): 2896A

2666.

Marshall, Alexander Joseph, 111. "The Shadow of the Branch: Defamiliarization and Reader-Response in the Novels of William Faulkner" (Virginia, 1989). DAI 50 (1 1): 3591A

2667.

McDaniel, Linda Elkins. "William Faulkner's Flags in the Dust: Annotations to the Novel" (South Carolina, 1989). DAI 5 1 (2): 505A

2668.

Milich, Zorka. "'Survival' in the War Fiction of Andric and Faulkner" (St. John's, 1989). DAI 50 (1 1): 3579-80A

2669.

Shin, Myoung Ah. "The Absence of Parents and the Male and Female Principles in William Faulkner's Fiction" (Florida, 1989). DAI 5 1 (4): 1231A

2670.

Stack, Mildred Roberta. "Recorded Time: A Study of William Faulkner's Historical Consciousness" (Missouri, 1989). DAI 50 (1 1): 3594A

2671.

Watson, Judson Durward, 111. "Faulkner's Men at Law: Storytelling and Courtroom Drama" (Harvard, 1989). DAI 51 (5): 1616A

2672.

Xiao, Minghan. "The Deterioration of Upper Class Families in the Works of William Faulkner and Ba Jin" (Ohio U., 1989). DAI 50 (8): 2482A

Other Materials: Doctoral Dissertations Babson, Jane Hall. "Voices: A Study of Diversity and Transition in Narrative Discourse" (Wisconsin, 1990). DAI 50 (10): 3220A Includes As I Lay Dying. Barickman, Paul Hamilton. "Privacy and the Body in Faulkner's Novels" (Yale, 1990). DAI 5 1 (8): 2741-42A Bell, Sarah Virginia. "William Faukner's Creative Evolution: The Influence of Henri Bergson's Philosophy upon Three Major Novels" (Georgia, 1990). DAI 50 (11): 3585A Burton, Stacy. "Bakhtin and the Experience of Temporality in Faulkner and Butor" (Cornell, 1990). DAI 51 (4): 1220A Crider, Barbara Sue. "Crucifictions: The Crossroads of Carnival and Lent in William Faulkner's Light in August and Thomas Hardy's Jude the Obscure" (Alabama, 1990). DAI 5 1 (5): 1602-03A Desotelle, Joanne Ruth Gowey. "The Conjunctive Novel: Form and Function" (North Dakota, 1990). DAI 52 (4): 1327-28A Includes Light in August. DiMarco, Frederick N., Jr. "Armstid's Wagon: Light in August and William Faulkner's Replenished Career" (Boston U., 1990). DAI 50 (7): 2052A Emery, Michael James. "U.S. Horror: Gothicism in the Work of William Faulkner, Thomas Pynchon, and Stanley Kubrick" (SUNY-Binghamton, 1990). DAI 50 (10): 3227A Fayen, Tanya Tarleton. "The Latin American Polysystem, 1930-1970: Faulkner in Translation" (SUNY-Binghamton, 1990). DAI 5 1 (3): 872A Fessenden, William E. "Temporal Structure and Meaning: The Defamiliarization of the Reader in Faulkner's Go Down, Moses" (Ball State, 1990). DAI 5 1 (1 1): 3743A

Other Materials: Doctoral Dissertations

493

Hale, Dorothy Jacquelin. "The Voice of Realism: Bakhtin's Theory, Faulkner's Practice" (California-Berkeley, 1990). DAI 50 (10): 3219A Harris, Paul Andre. "Time Spaced Out in Words: From Physics to Faulkner" (California-Irvine, 1990). DAI 51 (1 1): 3743-44A Hatziconstantinou, Iorgos. "Memory and Kinetic Space in the Metaphor of American Modernism" (U. of Washington, 1990). DAI 50 (10): 3227A Jebb, John Francis. "The Law, Justice, and Faulkner's Gavin Stevens (Volumes I & 11)" (Delaware, 1990). DAI 5 1 (1 1): 3744A Norton, Karol Eugene. "Comedy and Tragedy in the Modernist Context: An Approach to William Faulkner" (Kentucky, 1990). DAI 51 (6): 2014A Petrillo, Marion Boyle. "Faulkner's Use of Storytelling" (SUNY-Binghamton, 1990). DAI 51 (2): 503A Railey, Kevin James. "Natural Aristocracy: Ideological Intersections in William Faulkner's Novels" (SUNYStony Brook, 1990). DAI 5 1 (3): 854A Sass, Karen Rae. "The Mother's Shadow: An Analysis of Gender Relations in Faulkner's Fiction" (SUNY-Binghamton, 1990). DAI 50 (10): 3228A Simas, Rosa Maria. "'Ripples,' a 'Gyrating Wheel' and a 'Spiral on a Square': Circularity in Three Twentieth Century Novels of the Americas" (California-Davis, 1990). DAI 5 1 (8): 2737-38A Includes Absalom, Absalom! Taylor, Nancy Dew. "William Faulkner's Go Down, Moses: Sources, Background, Annotations'' (South Carolina, 1990). DAI 51 (1 l): 3748A

Other Materials: Doctoral Dissertations Thurman, Susan Elizabeth. "The Role of Women in William Faulkner's Apprentice Work" (Florida State, 1990). DAI 5 1 (9): 3076A Towner, Theresa Mary. "'A World Unsuspected': Story as Structure, Telling as Theme in Faulkner's Later Novels" (Virginia, 1990). DAI 5 1 (5): 1615A Yoshizaki, Yasuhiro. "Faulkner in Japan: A Bibliographical Study" (Maryland, 1990). DAI 52 (2): 543A Bauman, Marcy Lassota. "The Bottle in the Sideboard: Alcoholism as a Defining Force in The Sound and the Fury" (Michigan State, 1991). DAI 52 (5): 1746A Eddy, Marjorie Charmaine. "In-Forming Texts: Ideology, Subjectivity, and Gender in William Faulkner's Later Fiction" (Toronto, 1991). DAI 53 (12): 4320A Eyster, Kevin I. "Literary Folkloristies and Faulkner's Fiction" (Kentucky, 1991). DAI 52 (5): 1746-47A Finkhouse, Joseph Peter. "Fictions Made and Missing: William Faulkner and Gabriel Garcia Mkquez" (Brown, 1991). DAI 52 (9): 3272A Garfield, Deborah Michelle. "Power: Women, Privation and Language in American Narrative, 186 1- 1936" (Virginia, 1991). DAI 53 (1): 150A Includes Absalom, Absalom ! Hauser, Byron Carl. "Pierre Macherey's Theory of Literary Production Applied to William Faulkner's Three Snopes Novels: The Hamlet, The Town, and The Mansion" (Miami, 1991). DAI 52 (7): 255214 Levitsky, Holli Gwen. "Carnival, Gender, and Cultural Ambivalence in William Faulkner's Snopes Trilogy" (California-Irvine, 1991). DAI 52 (12): 4330A

Other Materials: Doctoral Dissertations

495

Matthews, Bobby Lynn. "Faulkner, Truth, and the Artist's Detective: A Reading of A Fable" (Louisiana State, 1991). DAI 52 (9): 3284A Rogers, David Lawrence. "Articulating the Flesh: The Paradox of Form and Gender in the Novels of William Faulkner" (Rutgers, 1991). DAI 52 (3): 92 1A Truesdale, Barbara L. "The Problem of Suffering: The Question of Job in King Lear, Moby-Dick, and The Sound and the Fury" (Ohio State, 1991). DAI 52 (1 1): 3931A Walters, Mark James. "Faulkner's Revenge Comedies" (Kansas, 1991). DAI 52 (1 1): 393 1A Wilson, Deborah. "Patterning the Past: History as Ideology in Modem Southern Fiction" (Louisiana State, 1991). DAI 52 (9): 3287A Clark, Katherine Am. "Reconsidering Faulkner's Pulp Series: The Unvanquished as Parody, Not Potboiler" (Emory, 1992). DAI 53 (8): 2812A Doell, Cynthia Rae. "Structures of Temporality, Reflections on History: Twentieth Century Literature and Theory" (SUNY-Buffalo, 1992). DAI 53 (5): 1508A Includes Absalom, Absalom! Haney, Sonja Russell. "Time and Knowledge in William Faulkner's Absalom, Absalom!" (Tennessee, 1992). DAI 53 (1 1): 3918-19A Hicks, James Mark. "The Sentimental Disposition of Modernism: Perspectivism and Representation in the Novel" (Penn, 1992). DAI 53 (3): 1509-10A Includes As I Lay Dying. Jones, Diane Brown. "A Reader's Guide to the Short Stories of William Faulkner: Tales from 'The Village' in the Collected Stories" (North Carolina, 1992). DAI 53 (7): 2370A

Other Materials: Doctoral Dissertations

Kang, Hee. "The Snopes Trilogy: (Re)Reading Faulkner's Masculine and Feminine" (Alabama, 1992). DAI 53 (7): 2370-71A Kwasny, Andrea Donna. "On the Margins of Modernism: Postmodemist Positions in Faulkner's 'Other' Representations" (SUNY-Stony Brook, 1992). DAI 53 (12): 4321A Liu, Jun. "Tragic Reaction: Nietzsche and Questions of Faulkner's Style" (Massachusetts, 1992). DAI 53 (6): 1907A Liu, Xian. "Yoknapatawpha County in China: A Study of Faulkner's Short Stories in Translation" (North Dakota, 1992). DAI 53 (8): 2815A Llewellyn, Dara Virginia. "Short Story Boundaries" (Iowa, 1992). DAI 53 (12): 4319A Meixner, Linda Lee. "Faulkner's Horace Benbow: Dandy-Aesthete of Yoknapatawpha" (Case Western Reserve, 1992). DAI 53 (12): 4322A Morton, Doris Bums. "William Faulkner's Artistic Uses of Negro Culture in Selected Fiction" (Emory, 1992). DAI 53 (5): 1519A Rota, Charles David. "Rhetorical Irony and Modem American Fiction: The Clergy in the Novels of William Faulkner, Flannery O'Connor, and John Updike" (Southem Illinois, 1992). DAI 53 (10): 3531A Trefzer, Annette. "The Politics of In-Difference: Zora Neale Hurston and William Faulkner" (Tulane, 1992). DAI 53 (6): 1918A Wang, Jennie. "Novelistic Love: A Postmodem Investigation of 'Love Stories' in the English and American Novel" (SUNY-Buffalo, 1992). DAI 53 (10): 3521A Includes Go Down,Moses.

Other Materials: Doctoral Dissertations

497

2723.

Benway, Bruce Robbins. "Together in 'Torment': Trauma as Dream in Faulkner's Post-Civil War South" (California-Berkeley, 1993). DAI 54 (10): 3745A

2724.

Beutel, Katherine Piller. "Disembodied and Re-Embodied Voices: The Figure of Echo in American Gothic Texts" (Ohio State, 1993). DAI 54 (1 1): 4090A Includes As I Lay Dying.

2725.

Brown, Kenneth Mac. "Provincialism, Duplicity, and Veneration: William Faulkner's Snopes Family" (Middle Tennessee State, 1993). DAI 55 (2): 277A

2726.

Chang, Sheng-tai. "Geomoral Landscapes: The Regional Fiction of William Faulkner and Shen Congwen" (Southem California, 1993). DAI 54 (7): 2566A

2727.

Connell, Paul Richard. "Mimesis and Poiesis in the Novel: William Faulkner's Go Down, Moses and the Mythopoeic Turn in the American Imagination" (Louisiana State, 1993). DAI 55 (3): 565A

2728.

Dunleavy, Linda Ellen. "Women's Place, Women's Voice: Counter-Narrative in the Fiction of Melville, Dreiser and Faulkner" (SUNY-Buffalo, 1993). DAI 54 (9): 3434-35A

2729.

Hanson, Philip James. "Against Capitalism: A Political Economy of Yoknapatawpha County" (CaliforniaBerkeley, 1993). DAI 55 (7): 1954A

2730.

Hardy, Sarah Boykin. "A Poetics of Immediacy: The Short Story and Oral Narrative Theory" (Princeton, 1993). DAI 54 (5): 1791A

2731.

Johnson, Dane A. "'The Flowering of Our Tradition': William Faulkner, Gabriel Garcia Mhquez, Toni Monison, and the Creation of Literary Value" (Stanford, 1993). DAI 54 (12): 4432-33A

498

Other Materials: Doctoral Dissertations Nichol, Frances Louisa Morris. "'Woman' in Motion: William Faulkner's Snopes Trilogy" (Maryland, 1993). DAI 54 (6): 2 152A Padilla, Mario Renk. "Borges, Faulkner, Hemingway: Young Poets of Prose" (Southern California, 1993). DAI 54 (5): 1792-93A Rogers, Gary Wade. "Frank Waters: Author of Vision in the American Tradition of Emerson, Melville and Faulkner" (Texas Christian, 1993). DAI 54 (4): 1368A Rosenberg, Saul Jacob. "Faulkner's Allegory: A Study of the Novels of William Faulkner" (Columbia, 1993). DAI 54 (12): 4443-44A Townsend, June H. "William Faulkner and the Spanish Post-Civil-War Novel: Luis Martin Santos" (Ohio State, 1993). DAI 54 (5): 1797A Yin, Xiaoling. "Snow Is Dead Rain: Cross-Cultural Aesthetics, Reading Lu Xun, James Joyce, and William Faulkner" (Massachusetts, 1993). DAI 54 (12): 4435A4436A

Aboul-Ela, Hosam Mohamed. "Post-Colonial Faulkner" (Texas, 1994). DAI 56 (2): 540A Abrarns, Cheryl Renk. "Mammy or Ideal: The Black Surrogate Mother in William Faulkner's Novels" (Georgia, 1994). DAI 56 (2): 547A Arnold, David Lawrence. "The Elegiac Moment in Faulkner's Fiction" (California-Riverside, 1994). DAI 56 (3): 927A Batty, Nancy Ellen. "Economies of Desire: Reading between Toni Morrison and William Faulkner" (Western Ontario, 1994). DAI 55 (9): 2826A

Other Materials: Doctoral Dissertations

499

Brown, Arthur Andrew. "'A Man Who Dies . . .': Poe, James, Faulkner and the Narrative Function of Death" (Califomia-Davis, 1994). DAI 55 (1 1): 3509A Darab, Diana. "The Rhetoric of Intertextuality and Doubtful Authority: A Comparative Study of William Faulkner, Houshang Golshiri, and Alain Robbe-Grillet" (CalifomiaRiverside, 1994). DAI 55 (8): 2378A Gardner, Carolyn Patricia. "Comedy of Redemption in Three Southern Writers" (Louisiana State, 1994). DAI 55 (1 1): 351 1A Includes The Unvanquished. Hannon, Charles Timothy. "Faulkner and the Discourses of Culture" (West Virginia, 1994). DAI 55 (6): 1560A Holmes, Catherine Denham. "Annotations to William Faulkner's The Hamlet' (South Carolina, 1994). DAI 55 (1 1): 3512A Itani, Suad Mutasim. "Faulkner's Polyphonic Novel: A Study of Four Novels by William Faulkner in Light of Bakhtin's and Todorov's Theories of the Novel" (Maryland, 1994). DAI 55 (10): 3 189A Liao, Caisheng. "Flags, Sound, and Dying: Linguistic1 Cultural Symbols in Three Faulkner Novels" (Emory, 1994). DAI 55 (4): 964A Martin, Matthew Roberts. "The Frontier Plantation: Failed Innocence in Gone with the Wind and Absalom, Absalom!" (Virginia, 1994). DAI 55 (5): 1263A Miller, Irene R. "Bergsonian Influences in the Stream-ofConsciousness in Joyce's A Portrait of the Artist and Ulysses and Faulkner's The Sound and the Fury and As I Lay Dying" (St. John's, 1994). DAI 55 (2): 276A Rado, Lisa. "A Failed Sublime: The Modem Androgyne Imagination" (Michigan, 1994). DAI 56 (12): 4768A

500

Other Materials: Doctoral Dissertations Saunders, Rebecca Ann. "Poetics of Loss: The Modem and Its Lamentations" (Wisconsin, 1994). DAI 56 (1): 185-86A Short, Hugh Joseph. "The Development of Ike McCaslin's Moral Consciousness in the Novel Go Down, Moses" (Fordham, 1994). DAI 55 (4): 967A Andrews, Karen Marie. "Crossing the Color Line: Race, Gender, and Miscegenation in Faulkner" (Claremont, 1995). DAI 55 (12): 3841-42A Bunnell, Phyllis Ann. "The Elusive Mother in William Faulkner's Major Yoknapatawpha Families" (North Texas, 1995). DAI 56 (5): 1774A Caluori, Bettina Roth. "Interpretation and Pedagogy: Faulkner and the Pragmatics of Reading and Writing" (California-Santa Barbara, 1995). DAI 56 (8): 3 123A Carbonell, Bettina Messias. "Coming to Terms for History: Refigurations of Typology in Hawthorne and Faulkner" (New York U., 1995). DAI 56 (10): 3954-55A Close, Steven M. "Approaching a Stylistics of Modernism: History as Haunting in the Novels of Woolf, Faulkner and Morrison" (Oregon, 1995). DAI 56 (5): 1769A Horton, Merrill. "An Annotation of William Faulkner's The Town" (South Carolina, 1995). DAI 56 (8): 3 125A Michels, John Damen. "Leadership Styles in the Major Novels of William Faulkner: A Literary Analysis" (Gonzaga, 1995). DAI 56 (7): 2683A Thomas, Dora Jennifer. "A Commonwealth of Stories: The Southern Voices of Eudora Welty and William Faulkner" (Emory, 1995). DAI 56 (6): 2242A

Other Materials: Doctoral Dissertations

50 1

Wilcott, Barbara J. "Rescuing History: Faulkner, Garcia MQquez, and Morrison as Post-Colonial Writers of the Americas" (Denver, 1995). DAI 56 (4): 1361A Zimmermann, David Howard. "Myths, Hierophanies, and Sacraments in William Faulkner's Yoknapatawpha Fiction" (North Texas, 1995). DAI 56 (5): 1784A Amstrong, Julie Buckner. "The Romance of Recovery in Hawthorne, Faulkner, and Morrison" (New York U., 1996). DAI 57 (9): 3932A Barnett, Pamela E. "The Language of Rape: Sexual Violence in Novels by Faulkner, Naylor and Morrison" (Emory, 1996). DAI 57 (4): 1614A Daniels, Lenore. "William Faulkner: Sacrifice and Chivalry in Southern Culture" (Loyola, 1996). DAI 57 (3): 1134A Goldberg, Wendy Fay. "Faulkner's Haunted House: The Figure of the Recluse in Light in August and Absalom, Absalom!" (Yale, 1996). DAI 57 (6): 2475A Hostetler, Ann Elizabeth. "Telling the Story of the Past: History, Identity, and Community in Fiction by Walter Scott, William Faulkner, Toni Morrison, and Leslie Silko" (Penn, 1996). DAI 57 (6): 2475-76A Lahey, Michael Edward. "Constructing Justice: Faulkner and Law" (Alberta, 1996). DAI 57 (7): 3021A Lidnard, Marie HelBne. "Poetics of Heat in Mauriac's Landes and Faulkner's Yoknapatawpha County" (Cornell, 1996). DAI 56 (1 1): 4389-90A Novak, Phillip Paul. "The Nostalgia of Writing: Meaning, Mourning and Commemoration in Twentieth Century Literary Discourse" (Virginia, 1996). DAI 57 (10): 4371A

502

Other Materials: Doctoral Dissertations Tidey, Ashley Turman. "Reflections across the Color Line: White Double Consciousness and the Heritage of Slavery" (Indiana, 1996). DAI 57 (12): 5 155A Includes Light in August. Wilson, Andrew Joseph. "'Embracing the Loud World': Isolation and Community in Selected Novels of William Faulkner and Toni Morrison" (Kent State, 1996). DAI 57 (9): 3943A Yarbrough, Scott Dwayne. "The Mean Streets of Jefferson: Faulkner's Intersection with Pulp Fiction" (Alabama, 1996). DAI 58 (3): 879A Baker, Charles R. "William Faulkner's Postcolonial South" (Indiana U., Pennsylvania, 1997). DAI 58 (1): 162A Edson Puopolo, Laura Gwyn. "Abstract Images of Clothing in the Psychological Novels of William Faulkner and Virginia Woolf" (New York U., 1997). DAI 58 (4): 1268A Evans, David Howell. "Communities of Confidence: William Faulkner, William James, and the American Pragmatic Tradition" (Rutgers, 1997). DAI 58 (7): 2651A Ford, Sarah Gilbreath. "Oral Traditions as the Intersection of Postmodern and Southern: Faulkner, Hurston, and Welty" (Tulane, 1997). DAI 58 (12): 4652-53A Includes Absalom, Absalom! Johnson, Bettina Nicely. "'Memory Believes': Race, Recollection, and the Predestined Body in Four Faulkner Novels" (California-Berkeley, 1997). DAI 58 (8): 3 132A Lopez-Aguado, Susan. "Private Investigations: Detection and Obsession in the Works of Dashiell Hammett, William Faulkner, and Raymond Chandler" (Yale, 1997). DAI 58 (1 1): 4272A

Other Materials: Doctoral Dissertations

503

McGany, Eugene P. "Incarnation and Intertextuality in Faulkner's Major Novels" (Penn, 1997). DAI 58 (7): 2657A Richards, Diane Lee. "Crossing Boundaries: Genre, Voice and Marginality in the Monologues of Robert Browning, William Faulkner and Virginia Woolf" (CaliforniaBerkeley, 1997). DAI 59 (3): 8 19A Sheehy, John Hugh. "'The Two of Them Together Were God': Men, Women and Dialogue in Faulkner" (Washington, 1997). DAI 58 (6): 22 13A Thompson, Carlyle Van. "The 'White' to Pass: Miscegenation, Mimicry, and Masquerade in Chesnutt, Johnson, Larson, and Faulkner" (Columbia, 1997). DAI 58 (9): 3530A Includes Light in August. Tinnie, Wallis Warfield. "Miscegenation Discourse in Faulkner, Rhys and Toomer: Literary Texts and Legal Subjects" (Iowa, 1997). DAI 58 (5): 1698A Toms, Stephan Randall. "Ambivalent Idylls: Hardy, Glasgow, Faulkner, and the Pastoral" (Louisiana State, 1997). DAI 58 (6): 2198-99A Vaughan, Robert Arthur, Jr. "'Coming Undone Is Terrible': The Maternal in Faulkner's Fiction" (South Carolina, 1997). DAI 58 (1 l): 4275A Al-Sarayeb, Dafer Yousef. "Absurdity, Alienation, and Death: Existential Affinities in the Fiction of William Faulkner, Albert Camus, and Naguib Mahfouz" (Ohio U., 1998). DAI 59 (3): 818A Angley, Patricia B. "'Just Words': Reading Faulkner Writing Women" (Hawaii, 1998). DAI 59 (4): 1160-61A Collins, Caroline Wellman. "Racial, Sexual, and Social Dynamics: The Comic Fiction of William Gilmore

Other Materials: Doctoral Dissertations Simrns, Mark Twain, and William Faulkner" (Arkansas, 1998). DAI 60 (2): 422A Dobbs, Cynthia Jane. "Faulkner and Morrison: Embodied Memories, the Losses of History, and Modernism's Blues" (California-Berkeley, 1998). DAI 59 (8): 2979A Dussere, Erik Stephen. "Balancing the Books: Faulkner, Morrison, and the Economics of Slavery" (Rutgers, 1998). DAI 59 (12): 4426A Foerst, Jenny Jennings. "Crosshatching: Postgendering Structures in Absalom, Absalom! and The Golden Bowl (North Carolina, 1998). DAI 59 (7): 2501A Gannon, Charles Edward. "Speculative Fiction: Literature of Political Transformation" (Fordham, 1998). DAI 58 (1 1): 4269-70A Includes As I Lay Dying. Kendig, L. Tamara. "Dreaming of Home: Magic Realism in William Faulkner, Gabriel Garcia Mkquez, Toni Morrison, and John Nichols" (Lehigh, 1998). DAI 59 (8): 1572A Includes The Hamlet. Sifert, Kristen. "The Portrait of a Psyche: Women's Underworld Journeys in Four Modem American Novels" (Louisiana State, 1998). DAI 60 (3): 746A Includes Light in August. Toomey, David. "Dreams of Different Things: The Experience of Schizophrenia as Represented in Journals, Clinical Accounts and Fiction in the Early Modern Period" (Virginia, 1998). DAI 60 (1): 125-26A Williams, John Martin. "Voice, Time, and Vision in The Sound and the Fury" (Georgia State, 1998). DAI 61 (3): 993A Bourassa, Alan Turney. "Impersonal Creatures: Modalities of the Non-Human in Faulkner, Wharton and the An-

Other Materials: Doctoral Dissertations

505

glo-American Novel" (Vanderbilt, 1999). DAI 60 (6): 20 17-18A Includes Absalom, Absalom! Carpenter, William Ridgeway. "Lyrical Thematics in Faulkner's Light in August' (Washington, 1999). DAI 60 (7): 2489A Craven, Roberta Jill. "Radical Reads: From Form to Reform: An Examination of the Political Impact of Narrative Structure" (North Carolina, 1999). DAI 60 (7): 2477A Includes Absalom, Absalom! Crawford, Margo Natalie. "Transcendence versus the Embodiment of Racial Abstraction in the Novels by William Faulkner, Toni Morrison, and John Edgar Wideman" (Yale, 1999). DAI 60 (12): 4426A Includes Absalom, Absalom! Dimitri, Carl J. "William Faulkner: From Modernism to Modernity" (Essex, 1999). DAI 60 (3): 1999C Dore, Florence Weiler. "Literary Unspeakability and Obscenity Law: The Feminization of Identity in the Novels of Dreiser, Cather, Faulkner and Wright" (CaliforniaBerkeley, 1999). DAI 6 1 (3): 984A Includes Sanctuary. Guttman, Sondra F . "Representing Rape, Revising America: Sexual Violence in American Modernist and Proletarian Literatures" (Rutgers, 1999). DAI 60 (10): 3658A Includes Sanctuary. Medoro, Dana Elizabeth. "The Bleeding of America: Menstruation as Symbolic Economy in Pynchon, Faulkner and Morrison" (Queen's U., Canada, 1999). DAI 60 (9): 3363A Noto, Lee Ellen. "Modernist Irony and the Problematized Narrator in Faulkner's Snopes Trilogy" (South Florida, 1999). DAI 6 1 (1): 183-84A

Other Materials: Doctoral Dissertations Owada, Eiko. "Faulkner, Haiti and Questions of Imperialism" (SUNY-Albany, 1999). DAI 60 (12): 4430A Rose, Julie. "Faulkner's Horror and the American Gothic Cultural Imagination (1930-1945)" (New York U., 1999). DAI 60 (1): 133A Sautter, Sabine Beate. "Irrationality and Development of Subjectivity in Major Novels by William Faulkner, Hermann Broch, and Virginia Woolf" (McGill, 1999). DAI 61 (12): 4770A Skinfill, Mauri Luisa. "Modernism Unlimited: Class and Critical Inquiry in Faulkner's Late Novels" (CalifomiaBerkeley, 1999). DAI 6 1 (3): 990-9 1A Slater, Tracy Lynne. "Essential Wounds, Obscure Crimes: Sexual Violence and Victimhood in the Early Twentieth Century American Novel" (Brandeis, 1999). DAI 60 (2): 420A Includes Sanctuary. Somers, Jeanne M. "Noble Contests, Desperate Gambits, Shrewd Traders, Gentlemen's Agreements: A Study of Game and Play Elements in the Novels of William Faulkner" (Kent State, 1999). DAI 60 (5): 1566A Strawn, John Robert. "Dark House: William Faulkner and the Making of Absalom, Absalom!" (Missouri, 1999). DAI 60 (9): 3367A Webster, William Sherman. "American Narrative Geography: A Thousand Frontiers" (Purdue, 1999). DAI 60 (1 1): 4017A Wilke, Magdalena Friedericke. "Values in Life and Literature: A Comparative Reading of the Disintegration, Insecurity and Unpredictability in Selective Novels by Thomas Mann, William Faulkner and Thomas Pynchon" (U. of South Africa, 1999). DAI 61 (3): 978-79A Includes The Sound and the Fury.

Other Materials: Doctoral Dissertations

507

Wu, Guo Qiang. "The Religious Dimensions of William Faulkner: An Inquiry into the Dichotomy of Puritanism" (North Texas, 1999). DA160 (5): 1567A Wulfman, Clifford Edward. "Telling Encounters: Disrupted Memory and Fragmented Narration in the Works of William Faulkner and Virginia Woolf' (Yale, 1999). DAI 61 (1): 176A Berger, Aimee Elizabeth. "Dark Houses: Navigating Space and Negotiating Silence in the Novels of Faulkner, Warren and Morrison" (North Texas, 2000). DAI 62 (7): 2420A Clewell, Tarnrny. "In Modernism's Wake: The Reinvention of Mourning in Woolf, Faulkner, Winterson, Morrison" (Florida State, 2000). DAI 6 1 (7): 2706A Dopico, Ana Maria. '"A Bitter Devotion to Home': Southern Questions and Family Romances in the Literature of the Americas" (Columbia, 2000). DAI 61 (9): 3549-50A Gaylord, Joshua Alden. "Holy Books, Poison Ink: Narrative Mediation in Faulkner and Postmodernism" (New York U., 2000). DAI 61 (4): 1400A Gingerich, Stephen David. "Absence and Multiplicity: Naming the Nameless in Heidegger, Nietzsche, Faulkner, and Carpentier" (SUNY-Buffalo, 2000). DAI 61 (1): 16768A Kratter, Matthew R. "'Christ Follows Dionysus': Myth, Modernism, and the Mimetic Theory of Rend Girard" (California-Berkeley, 2000). DAI 6 1 (7): 273 1A Includes Light in August. La Rose, John Stephen. "Memory, Time and Identity in the Novels of William Faulkner and Marcel Proust" (Louisiana State, 2000). DAI 6 1 (7): 2700A

508

Other Materials: Doctoral Dissertations Liu, Sarah Mei-Wen. "As We Lay Dying: Coming to Terms with Death in Literary Modernism" (CaliforniaBerkeley, 2000). DAI 61 (7): 2707A Ubois, Lynette Marie. "'When the Old Times Go': Historical Trauma as Family Narrative in Faulkner, Rhys, Erdrich, and Morrison" (California-Berkeley, 2000). DAI 61 (7): 2723A Includes Absalom, Absalom! Ali, Seemee. "'The Roar of Time's Friction': A Study of William Faulkner's The Hamlet" (U. of Dallas, 2001). DAI 62 (7): 2419A Atkinson, Theodore B., 111. "Faulkner and the Great Depression: Aesthetics, Ideology and the Politics of Art" (Louisiana State, 2001). DAI 62 (6): 21 12A Campbell, Erin Elizabeth. "Brits and Grits: Courtesy, Continuity, and Identity in Shakespeare and Faulkner" (Mississippi, 2001). DAI 62 (4): 1401A Dirks, Kima Jean. "The Evolving Female Hero of Faulkner's Short Fiction" (Kansas, 2001). DAI 62 (4): 1410A Jeon, Joseph Jonghyun. "Experiments in Action: Style and Authorial Agency in T. S. Eliot, William Faulkner, Ralph Ellison, and Chang-rae Lee" (California-Berkeley, 2001). DAI 63 (2): 595A Includes The Sound and the Fury. Kelly, Sean Kevin. "William Faulkner's Poetic Communities: Thinking the As I Lay Dying Trilogy" (SUNYBinghamton, 2001). DAI 61 (1 1): 4387A Kim, Yongsoo. "Faulkner with Lacan: Desire, Ethics, and the Feminine" (SUNY-Buffalo, 2001). DAI 62 (4): 1413A Lee, Myungho. "America and the Tasks of Mourning: William Faulkner's and Toni Morrison's Works of Griev-

Other Materials: Doctoral Dissertations ing" (SUNY-Buffalo, 2001). DAI 62 (8): 2762A cludes Absalom, Absalom! and Go Down, Moses.

509

In-

Lindholm, Howard Martin. "Shapes to Fill the Lack and Lacks to Fill the Shape: Framing the Unframed in Modernist Narratives" (Michigan State, 2001). DAI 62 (12): 4 160A Includes As I Lay b i n g e Lurie, Peter Green. "Vision's Immanence: Film, the Gaze, and Popular Narrative in Faulkner's Modernism" (Boston U., 2001). DAI 62 (1): 174A McLean, Clara Denison. "Improper Realizations: Gothic Materiality in American Texts" (California-Irvine, 2001). DAI 61 (11): 4389-90A Includes The Sound and the Fury. Overall, Keri Leigh. "In the Footsteps of Thoreau: The Evolution of the Native American as Character and Symbol in the Works of Warren, Cather, and Faulkner" (South Carolina, 2001). DAI 62 (12): 4169-70A You, Young-Jong. "Comedy of Horrors: Mark Twain, William Faulkner, and the Tradition of Southern Grotesque" (Purdue, 2001). DAI 62 (6): 2 120A Yow, Laura Genevieve. "So Sad as Silence: Modernity and the Unspeakable" (Yale, 2001). DAI 62 (10): 3389A Includes A Fable. Barnwell, Janet Elizabeth. "Narrative Patterns of Racism and Resistance in the Work of William Faulkner" (Louisiana State, 2002). DAI 63 (1 1): 3944A Basil, Kriss Richard. "Narrative, Ethics, and the Cunning of Form" (Harvard, 2002). DAI 63 (4): 1332A Boudraa, Nabil Augustin. "La Podtique du paysage dans l'oeuvre d'Edouard Glissant, Kateb Yacine et William Faulkner" (Louisiana State, 2002). DAI 65 (6): 2190A The dissertation is in English.

510

Other Materials: Doctoral Dissertations Chang, Kyong-Soon. "Dialogic Discourse in Terms of Nature, Race, and Gender in Fictions by William Faulkner, Eudora Welty, and Gloria Naylor" (Indiana U., Pennsylvania, 2002). DAI 63 (9): 3 179A Includes Go Down, Moses. Davros, Michael George. "Speak for Yourself: Style and Spirit in Leon Forrest's Divine Days" (Illinois-Chicago, 2002). DAI 63 (12): 4312A Includes Faulkner's influence. Fichtel, Jason David. "Writing 'in the Thrall of the Impossible Real': William Faulkner's Rhetoric of Disaster" (New Mexico, 2002). DAI 63 (6): 2240A Gamier, Caroline Pierette. "Women and Trauma in William Faulkner's Fiction" (Emory, 2002). DAI 63 (4): 1337A Gillis, Mary Phyfer. "Faulkner's Biographers: Life, Art, and the Poetics of Biography" (Alabama, 2002). DAI 63 (5): 1833A MacMillan, Claudia Elizabeth. "The Reivers: Faulkner's Comic Culmination" (U. of Dallas, 2002). DAI 63 (4): 1340A Ramsey, Douglas Matthew. "'How's That for High?' Faulkner and Reputation(s) in the Early 1930s" (Ohio State, 2002). DAI 63 (1 1): 3949A Wilhelm, Randall Shawn. "William Faulkner's Visual Art: Word and Image in the Early Graphic Work and the Major Fiction" (Tennessee, 2002). DAI 63 (7): 2546A Baldanzi, Jessica Hays. "Eugenic Fictions: Imagining the Reproduction of the Twentieth-Century American Citizen" (Indiana, 2003). DAI 65 (2): 512A Includes Absalom, AbsaJom!

Other Materials: Doctoral Dissertations

511

Elmore, Owen Wayne. "'The Stereoptic Whole': Regenerate Movement, Form, and the Color of Life from the Art of William Faulkner" (Auburn, 2003). DAI 64 (6): 2084A FitzSimmons, David S. "I See, He Says, Perhaps, on Time: Vision, Voice, Hypothetical Narration, and Temporality in William Faulkner's Fiction" (Ohio State, 2003). DAI 65 (2): 5 14A Froehlich, Peter Alan. "Frontier/Grotesque in the Novels of William Faulkner" (Mississippi, 2003). DAI 64 (7): 2491A Girard, Linda A. "'I Am Telling': The Discourse of Incest and Miscegenation in William Faulkner's Go Down, Moses and Absalom, Absalom! and Toni Morrison's Song of Solomon" (Kent State, 2003). DAI 64 (7): 2491A Hickman, Lisa Catherine. "Lonesome Spirits: William Faulkner and Joan Williams" (Mississippi, 2003). DAI 64 (5): 1655A Knighton, Mary Alice. "William Faulkner's Modernist Nympholepsy: The Pursuit of an Aesthetic Form" (California-Berkeley, 2003). DAI 65 (2): 5 17-18A Kobayashi, Masaomi. "The Expanding Universe of Interdiscourse between Literature and Economics" (Indiana U., Pennsylvania, 2003). DAI 64 (8): 2890A Paradiso, Sharon Desmond. "Whiteness in Faulkner's Yoknapatawpha County" (Massachusetts, 2003). DAI 64 (10): 3689A Stringer, Dorothy. "'Dangerous and Disturbing': Traumas and Fetishes of Race in Faulkner, Larsen, and Van Vechten" (SUNY-Albany, 2003). DAI 64 (3): 91 1A Trautrnan, Andrea Dominique. "The Voice of the Many in the One: Modernism's Unveiled Listening to Minority

Other Materials: Doctoral Dissertations Presence in the Fiction of William Faulkner and Patrick White" (British Columbia, 2003). DAI 64 (10): 3678A Widiss, Benjamin Leigh. "The Dearth of the Author in Twentieth-Century American Fiction" (CaliforniaBerkeley, 2003). DAI 65 (2): 522A Includes As I Lay Dying. Benfield, Susan Storing. "The Narrative of Community: The Politics of Storytelling in Faulkner's Snopes Trilogy" (Fordham, 2004). DAI 65 (3): 1092A Borse, Gregory A. "William Faulkner and the Oral Text" (Louisiana State, 2004). DAI 65 (6): 2200A Chancellor, Shannon Bradley. "Subject to Interpretation: Blood and Boundaries in American Cultural Medias, 1903-1996" (Southern California, 2004). DAI 66 (7): 2577A Costello, Brannon Winn. "Plantation Airs: Racial Paternalism and the Transformations of Class in Southern Fiction, 1945-1971" (Tennessee, 2004). DAI 65 (9): 3383A Includes The Mansion. Dunlap, Angela Gray. "'Give the world a little better picture of how we do it': Literary Illustrations of Jurisprudence in Mississippi" (Southern Mississippi, 2004). DAI 66 (2): 770A Gerend, Sarah Elizabeth. "Spectral Modernity: Ghosts of Empire in the Early Twentieth Century" (California-Santa Barbara, 2004). DAI 65 (9): 3380A Gold, Lael Judith. "Next Year in Yoknapatawpha: The Biracial Bible of William Faulkner" (California-Berkeley, 2004). DAI 66 (2): 592A Gray, Michael P. "Faulkner and Film" (Essex, 2004). DAI 66 (2): 270C

Other Materials: Doctoral Dissertations

513

Grover, Donna Ford. "Plotting the Black Masculine: The Figure of the Black Rapist between the Wars" (CUNY, 2004). DAI 65 (4): 2004A Kavaloski, Joshua. "The Fourth Dimension: Time in the Modernist Novel" (Virginia, 2004). DAI 65 (4): 1357A Includes As I Lay Dying. Khailova, Ladislava. '"Where the average white male scored in the imbecile range': Changing Paradigms of Mental Retardation in Twentieth-Century Southern Fiction" (South Carolina, 2004). DAI 65 (8): 2990A Kimura, Akio. "Faulkner and Oe: The Self-critical Imagination" (Drew, 2004). DAI 65 (2): 503A Lee, Kyeong-Hwa. "Reading Derrida's Deconstruction and Deconstructive Reading of Faulkner's Mosquitoes, The Sound and the Fury, and Absalom, Absalom!" (SUNY-Buffalo, 2004). DAI 64 (1 1): 4051A McNeil, Brian Andrew. "Ethical Topographies" (SUNYBuffalo, 2004). DAI 65 (10): 3793A Newhouse, Wade Warren. "HomeIFront: Domesticity, Nationalism, and the Narrative of Civil War from Reconstruction to the 1930s" (Boston U., 2004). DAI 65 (3): 933A Padgett, John. "War and History in the Fiction of William Faulkner" (Mississippi, 2004). DAI 65 (6): 2204A Richardson, Daniel C. "William Faulkner's Dark Vision Transposed: Light in August and the Brazilian Translation Luz de Agosto" (Georgia State, 2004). DAI 65 (12): 4553A Rommel, Lylas Dayton. "A Poetics of Shame and the Literary Meaning of Kenosis" (U. of Dallas, 2004). DAI 65 (3): 923A Includes Light in August and "Barn Burning."

514

Other Materials: Doctoral Dissertations Ross, Patricia Anne. "The Spell Cast by Remains: The Myth of Wilderness in Modem American Literature" (New York U., 2004). DAI 65 (3): 935A Shaiman, Jennifer M. "Building American Homes, Constructing American Identities: Performance of Identity, Domestic Space, and Modem American Literature" (Oregon, 2004). DAI 65 (9): 3390A Shaw, Denise R. "Lowly Violence: Rape, Loss, and Melancholia in the Modem Southern Novel" (South Carolina, 2004). DAI 65 (12): 456844 Singley, Allison Chandler. "'Spurious Delusions of Reward': Innocence and United States Identity in the Caribbean of William Faulkner, Toni Morrison, James Baldwin, and Russell Banks" (Connecticut, 2004). DAI 65 (8): 2994A Includes Absalom, Absalom! Suwabe, Koichi. "Poetics of the Femme Fatale: William Faulkner, Gender and Thirties America': (SUNY-Buffalo, 2004). DAI 65 (3): 937A Tromly, Lucas Pierce. "William Faulkner and the Testing of Aestheticism" (Toronto, 2004). DAI 65 (5): 1787A Walter, David Daniel. "The Influence of Honor6 de Balzac's Splendeurs et mishres des Courtisanes and 'La Fille aux yeux d'or' on William Faulkner's Absalom, Absalom!" (California-Berkeley, 2004). DAI 65 (9): 3391A Warren, Craig Andrew. "Veterans' Narratives and Civil War Fiction" (Virginia, 2004). DAI 65 (4): 1374A Welling, Bart Harrison. "Inescapable Earth: William Faulkner, Yoknapatawpha, and the Book of Nature" (Virginia, 2004). DAI 64 (10): 3691A Winston, Jay S. "'The Painhl Task of Unifying': Fragmented Americas and 'The Indian' in the Novels of Wil-

Other Materials: Doctoral Dissertations

515

liam Faulkner and N. Scott Momaday" (Rochester, 2004). DAI 64 (12): 4470A Alumbaugh, Heather Anne. "Advanced Regionalist Modernism: Willa Cather, William Faulkner, Oscar Zeta Acosta, and Sandra Cisneros" (New York U., 2005). DAI 65 (12): 4560A Includes The Sound and the Fury. Bausch, Susan Elaine. "Crimes of Passing: The Criminalization of Blackness and Miscegenation in U.S. Passing Narratives" (California-Los Angeles, 2005). DAI 66 (5): 1765A Includes Light in August. Becnel, Kim E. "Strange Bedfellows: How the Confluence of Art and Big Business in the 1930s and 1940s Created New Opportunities for Authors" (South Carolina, 2005). DAI 66 (4): 1353A Bickford, Leslie Walker. "Encountering the Real: A Lacanian Reading of Faulkner and Morrison" (South Carolina, 2005). DAI 66 (4): 1353-54A Binggeli, Elizabeth Cara. "Hollywood Dark Matter: Reading Race and Absence in Studio Era Narrative" (Southern California, 2005). DAI 66 (1 1): 4022A Boyagoda, Soharn Randy. "Imagining Nation and Imaginary Americans: Race, Immigration, and American Identity in the Fiction of Salman Rushdie, Ralph Ellison, and William Faulkner" (Boston U., 2005). DAI 65 (12): 4557A Broyles, Kenneth. "'Let me play awhile': Storytelling Characters and Voices in the Works of Mark Twain, William Faulkner, and Lee Smith" (Louisiana State, 2005). DAI 67 (6): 2 154A Includes Absalom, Absalom! Fruscione, Joseph Anthony. "Modernist Dialectic: William Faulkner, Ernest Hemingway, and the Anxieties of Influence, 1920-1962" (George Washington, 2005). DAI 66 (7): 2578A

516

Other Materials: Doctoral Dissertations

Gibson, Miles Robert. "Proud Flights into Vexed Territory: The Ironic Sublime in The Sound and the Futy, Invisible Man, Blood Meridian, and White Noise" (Virginia, 2005). DAI 66 (5): 1767A Hagood, Taylor. "Mythic Place and Imperial Space in Faulkner's Cosmos" (Mississippi, 2005). DAI 66 (9): 3302A Keener, Joseph Bryan. "In the Name of the Father: Simms, Page, Dixon, and Faulkner's Shakespearean Masculinity" (Alabama, 2005). DAI 67 (1): 185A Lopez, Esther M. "The Pursuit of Property: Race and Identity in American Fiction, 1885-1948" (Rochester, 2005). DAI 65 (12): 4565A Includes Go Down, Moses and Intruder in the Dust. Mullis, Angela Ruth. "Voices of Exile: Reimagining a Polyvocal American South" (Arizona, 2005). DAI 66 (5): 1771A Includes Go Down, Moses and short stories. Narcisi, Lara. "'Spectacular Failures': The FutileIFruitful Pursuit of Multivocality in American Literature" (New York U., 2005). DAI 65 (12): 4565-66A Includes Requiemfor a Nun. Nothstein, Todd W . "The Civic Self: The Self-Made Man and Civil Participation from Franklin to Faulkner" (SUNY-Buffalo, 2005). DAI 65 (12): 4566A Includes Absalorn, Absalom! Nwosu, Maik. "The Reinvention of Meaning: Cultural Imaginaries and the Life of the Sign" (Syracuse, 2005). DAI 66 (10): 3637A Pacht, Michelle. "Discrete Parts, Unified Texts: The Short Story Cycle in America" (CUNY, 2005). DAI 66 (3): 999A

Other Materials: Doctoral Dissertations

517

Perciali, Irene. "Economic Imagination, the Novel, and the Entrepreneur" (California-Berkeley, 2005). DAI 66 (8): 2923 On Balzac and Faulkner. Rice, Anne P. "Dangerous Memories: Lynching and the United States Literary Imagination" (CUNY, 2005). DAI 66 (3): 1OOOA Sargent, Andrew Fox. "Partners in Crime: Interracial Male Bonds and Criminal Justice in 20'-century American Culture" (California-Los Angeles, 2005). DAI 66 (9): 3304A Sherman, David. "Events of Alterity: Post-subjective Temporalities in Woolf, Faulkner, and Beckett" (New York U., 2005). DAI 66 (4): 1352A Veggian, Henry. "Mercury of the Waves: Modem Cryptology and United States Literature" (Pittsburgh, 2005). DAI 67 (1): 190A Whiting, Luke. "As Words Fail: Language and Communication in the Novels of William Faulkner" (Essex, 2005). DAI 66 (3): 565C Barnes, Stephen Darrell, 11. "Faulkner's Linguistic Eroti c ~ The : Passionate Word in Early Yoknapatawpha" (U. of Dallas, 2006). DAI 67 (10): 3818A Fury, Frank P. "Sporting Traditions, Southern Traditions, and the National Mythmaking of Modern America in Selected Works of William Faulkner" (Drew, 2006). DAI 67 (6): 2 156 Hwang, Eunju. "William Faulkner's Art of Becoming: A Deleuzean Reading" (Purdue, 2006). DAI 67 (9): 3404A Johns, John Adam. "Leviathan and Automaton: Technology and Teleology in American Literature" (Pittsburgh, 2006). DAI 67 (6): 2158

Other Materials: Doctoral Dissertations Linitz, Joseph M. "Versions of Pastoral in Modem American Fiction" (Boston U., 2006). DAI 66 (1 1): 4025A Includes The Sound and the Fury and As I Lay Dying. Liu, Li-Hsion. "'Is She Going to Die or Survive with Her Baby?': The Aftermath of Illegitimate Pregnancies in the Twentieth Century American Novel" (North Texas, 2006). DAI 67 (7): 2580A Includes The Wild Palms. Maier, Kevin. "The Environmental Rhetoric of American Hunting and Fishing Narratives: A Revisionist History" (Oregon, 2006). DAI 67 (10): 3822A Includes Go Down, Moses. Murphy, Sarah. "Beyond Racial Tragedy: Cross-Racial Alliances in American Novels of the 1940s" (Indiana, 2006). DAI 67 (4): 1133A Includes Intruder in the Dust. Nichols, Dana J . "Y'all go out and make us proud: The Commencement Address and the Southern Writer" (Georgia State, 2006). DAI 67 (4): 1341A Rosha, Rekha. "In the Counting-House of Language: Accounting, Capitalism, and American Identity, 1782-2000" (Brandeis, 2006). DAI 67 (5): 1732A Ruckel, Terri Smith. "The Scent of a New World Novel: Translating the Olfactory Language of Faullcner and Garcia Mhrquez" (Louisiana State, 2006). DAI 67 (12): 4539A Scales, Laura Thiemann. "Speaking in Tongues: Mediumship and American Narrative Voice" (Harvard, 2006). DAI 67 (5): 1733A Smith, Lindsey Claire. "Indians, Environment, and Identity on the Borders of American Literature" (North Carolina, 2006). DAI 67 (2): 565A

Other Materials: Doctoral Dissertations 2929.

519

Yoon, Seongho. "The Differences Place Makes: Geographies of Subjects, Communities, and Nations in William Faulkner, Toni Morrison, and Chang-rae Lee" (Massachusetts, 2006). DAI 67 (4): 1345A Includes Light in August.

Other Materials: Selected Criticism Prior to 1988

520

Selected Criticism Prior to 1988 The Sound and the Fury

2930.

Akasofu, Tetsuji. "Can We Know the Dancer from the Dance? An Essay on Benjy's Trap or Language." Poe t i c ~ :An International Journal of Linguistic-Literary Studies 20 (1983): 58-69. Explores whether the novel is really "an effective antidote to the narcissistic self-identification of the modem western fiction," and argues that Benjy, a parody of stream-of-consciousness, is symbolic of the dilemma of modem men, who find it impossible to be either "pure observers or active agents."

2931.

Shih, Shu-Mei. "The Cubist Novels of William Faulkner: The Sound and the Fury and As I Lay Dying." American Studies (Taipei) 14, iii (September 1984): 27-45. On a number of tactics that connect Faulkner to Cubist painters.

Sanctuary

2932.

Heller, Terry. The Delights of Terror: An Aesthetics of the Tale of Terror. Urbana, IL: U of Illinois P, 1987, pp. 2023. On a novel in which "Faukner directly attacks the implied reader, forcing the real reader to feel psychological pain to fill the role of the implied reader."

Absalom. Absalom!

2933.

Hilnnighausen, Lothar. "The Novel as Poem: The Place of Faulkner's Absalom, Absalom! in the History of Reading." Amerikastudien 3 1, i (1986): 127-40. With an emphasis on readers' responses, on "the communication between narrator and listener," argues for reading the book both as narrative and as lyrical poem.

Other Materials: Selected Criticism Prior to 1988 Short Stories: '2Rose for Emily"

2934.

Skinner, John L. "'A Rose for Emily': Against Interpretation." Journal of Narrative Technique 15, i (Winter 1985): 42-5 1. On the many divergent interpretations of the story and the need to return to appreciation of its formal subtlety.

2935.

Arensberg, Mary, and Sara E. Schyfter. "Hairoglyphics in Faulkner's 'A Rose for Emily': Reading the Primal Trace." Boundary 2: An International Journal of Literature and Culture 15, i-ii (Fall 1986-Winter 1987): 12334. A psychoanalytic study of the story's obsession with origins and its "quest after an irrecoverable firstness."

Commentaries Covering Several Works

2936.

Boswell, George W. "North Mississippi's Contributions to Faulkner's Fiction." Mississippi Folklore Register 20, i (Spring 1986): 13-19; and "Folkways in Faulkner," 20, ii (Fall 1986): 9-16. On sources drawn from Mississippi folklore.

Biographical Commentary

2937.

Sensibar, Judith L. "William Faulkner, Poet to Novelist: An Imposter Becomes an Artist." In Psychoanalytic Studies ofBiography. Ed. George Moraitis and George H. Pollock. Madison, CT: International University Press, 1987, pp. 305-46. Traces Faulkner's development from postwar posing to serious novelist by 1929. This includes Harvey S. Strauss, "Discussion of Dr. Sensibar's Paper."

Reviews of Books about Faulkner

2938.

Petry, Alice Hall. "William Faulkner." Canadian Review of American Studies 18, iii (Fall 1987): 423-28. (Fowler & Abadie-Humor, Grimwood)

Other Materials: Selected Criticism Prior to 1988

522

2939.

Chittick, Kathryn. "The Myth of the South." Canadian Review of American Studies 18, iii (Fall 1987): 429-33. (Jim Faulkner)

Doctoral Dissertations

2940.

Rhodes, Pamela Elizabeth. "Faulkner's Lyric Plots: An Approach to Selected Writings, 1920-29" (Keele, 1986). DAI 52 (2): 541A

2941.

Roberts, Diane. "Faulkner's Women" (Oxford, 1987). DAI 50 (1 1): 3593A

Other Materials: Late Additions

Late Additions Books on Faulkner 2942.

Aboul-Ela, Hosam. Other South: Faulkner, Coloniality, and the Maridtegui Tradition. Pittsburgh: U of Pittsburgh P, 2007. A postcolonial study that historicizes Faulkner's fiction in relation to the South's "colonial economy." Draws on ideas of Jose Carlos Marihtegui to use a postcolonial method that includes spatial considerations and is not bound by eurocentrism.

2943.

Anderson, John D. Student Companion to William Faulkner. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2007. A guide for students and general readers. After an introductory overview, there are chapters on six of the novels (covering characters, themes, plots, allusions) and a chapter on short fiction.

2944.

Faragnoli, Nicholas, ed. William Faulkner: A Literaly Companion. New York: Pegasus Books, 2007. Consists of many of the contemporary reviews of almost all of the Yoknapatawpha novels plus some 1962 obituaries.

2945.

Godden, Richard. William Faulkner: An Economy of Words. Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP, 2007. Building on Godden's earlier book and incorporating many previously published articles, this ties Faukner's fiction to changes in the economy of the South. It addresses Faulkner's resolution of the impact of the traumatic loss for white landowners caused by the decline of a plantation economy and the consequences of the New Deal.

2946.

Ladd, Barbara. Resisting Histoly: Gender, Modernity, and Authorship in William Faulkner, Zora Neale Hurston, and Eudora Welty. Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State UP, 2007.

Other Materials: Late Additions Influenced by ideas of Benjamin, this studies three modem southern writers confronting the meanings of agency and writing for women (and men) beyond and in opposition to traditional myths of "Women" and "the feminine." 2947.

Moreland, Richard C., ed. A Companion to William Faulkner. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2007. A collection of thirty-one essays reflecting the broad range of Faulkner studies in the 2 1'' century with an Introduction (1-4) by Moreland. All of the essays are listed below.

2948.

Porter, Carolyn. William Faulkner. New York: Oxford UP, 2007. A thoughtful introductory overview of Faulkner's career through 1942. The first of four chapters covers early writing through The Sound and the Fury; the second covers the three novels between 1930 and 1932; the third covers Absalom and G o Down, Moses; the fourth covers Snopes and The Hamlet.

2949.

Skaggs, Merrill Maguire. Axes: Willa Cather and William Faulkner. Lincoln, N E : U of Nebraska P, 2007. Argues that there was for many years an intertextual dialogue between the writers with Faulkner borrowing early on from One of Ours for Soldiers ' Pay and The Professor's House for Mosquitoes. Says there was a kind of mutual competitiveness.

2950.

Urgo, Joseph R., and Ann J. Abadie, eds. Faulkner and Material Culture. Jackson, MS: UP of Mississippi, 2007. Papers from the 2004 conference in Oxford with an Introduction (ix-xix) by IJrgo. The papers are all listed below.

2951.

Urgo, Joseph R., and Ann J. Abadie, eds. Faulkner's Inheritance. Jackson, MS: UP of Mississippi, 2007. Papers from the 2005 conference in Oxford with an Introduction (ix-xvi) by Urgo. The papers are all listed below.

Other Materials: Late Additions

Soldiers' Pay 2952.

Bennett, Nichole. "Return to Sender: Miscommunication in Alexander's Bridge and Soldiers' Pay." Willa Cather Newsletter & Review 50, iii (Winter 2007): 5 1-54.

Mosquitoes 2953.

Duvall, John. "'Why Are You So Black?' Faulkner's Whiteface Minstrels, Primitivism, and Perversion." In A Companion to William Faulkner (#2947; 2007), pp. 14864. Argues that particularly (but not only) in this novel "blackness" ("Faulkner," Gordon, Eva) becomes a way to express otherness in a kind of whiteface minstrelsy. It defines artists as "other" and "unhinges black primitivism from the racial category of the Negro."

Sartoris and Flags in the Dust 2954.

Davis, David A. "Mechanization, Materialism, and Modernism in Faulkner's Flags in the Dust." Mississippi Quarterly 59, iii (Summer 2006): 415-34. On Faulkner's connecting of the increasing "mechanization of Southern infrastructure" with the deterioration of traditional family and social structures and with the rise of modernism.

2955.

James, Pearl. "The Failure to Mourn in Faulkner's Sartoris." In Modernism and Mourning. Ed. Patricia Rae. Lewisburg, PA: Bucknell UP, 2007, pp. 168-84. Seeing young Bayard "as a sufferer of traumatic neurosis," this explores his frustration at being unable to tell his own story. It also deals with ways in which Faulkner's "modernist narrative obstructs the story he violence whose would have his reader hear"-meaning is not articulated, the community's "melancholic unwillingness to recognize loss," and the question whether "traditional mourning rituals" are any longer "adequate to new forms of violence."

Other Materials: Late Additions

526

2956.

Railey, Kevin. "Flags in the Dust and the Material Culture of Class." In Faulkner and Material Culture (#2950; 2007), pp. 68-8 1. Connects items of material culture to changing notions of class and gender, and argues that the new society "structured around notions of mobility works to tie subjective identities to gender" not family and class as before.

The Sound and the Fuly 2957.

Florey, Kitty Bums. "Diagramming Faulkner and Welty." Mississippi Quarterly 59, iii (Summer 2006): 503-5. Uses a sentence in Benjy's section as an example.

2958.

Harrington, Gary. "Faulkner's The Sound and the Fury." Explicator 65, ii (Winter 2007): 109-1 1. Connects the cotton market figures to the timing of Quentin's death.

2959.

Gurung, Jeevan. "The Mother within the Fictional Dialogue between Faulkner and Cather." Willa Cather Newsletter & Review 50, iii (Winter 2007): 55-59. On connections between this novel and Death Comes for the Archbishop.

As I Lay Dying 2960.

Gault, Cinda. "The Two Addies: Maternity and Language in William Faulkner's As I Lay Dying and Alice Munro's Lives of Girls and Women." American Review of Canadian Studies 36, iii (Fall 2006): 440-57.

2961.

Svendsen, Kathleen Schairer. "Faulkner's 'Arise'-wer to Cather's Sick Rose: Anse Bundren as a Caricature of Anton Rosicky." Willa Cather Newsletter & Review 50, iii (Winter 2007): 63-66.

2962.

Leyda, Julia. "Shifting Sands: The Myth of Class Mobility." In A Companion to William Faulkner (#2947; 2007), pp. 165-79.

Other Materials: Late Additions

527

In drawing attention to the centrality of class, as distinct from race and gender, in Faulkner's fiction, emphasizes this novel and Anse as a "parody of the myth of the self-made man" and Absalom, Absalom! as Faulkner's most complete portrayal of the "myth of class mobility" in America. 2963.

Kartiganer, Donald M. "'By It I Would Stand or Fall': Life and Death in As I Lay Dying." In A Companion to William Faulkner (#2947; 2007)' pp. 429-44. Drawing on Freud's ideas about Eros and the death instinct, this explores underlying tensions between Addie and Darl and Anse, but also connects the novel-unusual in stripping away Faulkner's typical obsession with memory, race, and history-to Faukner's situation at the time of writing the book.

2964.

Ladd, Barbara. "The Dynamo and the Virgin: Women, Modernity, and the Sublime in As I Lay Dying." Resisting History (#2946; 2007)' pp. 17-51. Relating the novel to tension between patriarchal traditionalism and modem individualism as well as changing roles of women, this argues that with "Addie, Faulkner establishes a very different narrative of the relationship of the male author to women and a new narrative of the relationship of women to language, writing, and authorship."

Sanctuary 2965.

Brauer, Stephen. "Sheltering Temple: Class Transgression in Faulkner's Sanctuary." CEA Critic 65, iii (SpringSummer 2003): 50-64.

2966.

King, Vincent Allan. "Faulkner's Brazen Yoke: Pop Art, Modernism, and the Myth of the Great Divide." In A Companion to William Faulkner (#2947; 2007), pp. 301 17. Discusses Faulkner's ambivalence about the division between modernist high art and popular culture, us-

-

Other Materials: Late Additions ing this novel as a text showing how Faulkner integrates aspects of both. Light in August 2967.

Giddings, Greg. "Gail Hightower's Masculinity: Interrogating Gender in Faulkner's Light in August." Conference of College Teachers of English Studies 70 (September 2005): 71-80.

2968.

Hasratian, Avak. "The Death of Difference in Light in August." Criticism 49, i (Winter 2007): 55-84. Drawing on ideas of Giorgio Agamben and emphasizing patterns of food, eating, sex, and naming, this argues that the novel, which noticeably does not include Faulkner's usual patterns of kinship, "radically questions the human itself' as a category and "the cultural ground on which" the human "world is constituted: the biological life of the species."

2969.

Lurie, Peter. "Cinematic Fascination in Light in August." In A Companion to William Faulkner (#2947; 2007), pp. 284-300. Draws connections between the importance "of vision and of watching Joe Christmas" in the novel and the technique of the fascinated gaze in film, as in Birth of a Nation. Unlike that movie, the novel leaves the tragic events "traumatized" and less falsified.

2970.

Watson, Jay. "The Philosophy of Furniture, or Light in August and the Material Unconscious." In Faulkner and Material Culture (#2950; 2007), pp. 20-47. Discusses the "links between material culture and what I will call the economics of wood," the novel's investment in "a material economy" and "a signifying economy" revolving around references to wood and wooden objects." The "material culture of wood . . . mirrors" the "dynamic of violence and poverty."

Other Materials: Late Additions 2971.

529

Donaldson, Susan V. "Light in August: Faulkner's Angels of History and the Culture of Jim Crow." In Faulkner's Inheritance (#295 1;2007), pp. 101-25. Exploring the novel's concern with identity politics, race, segregation, and vision or misrecognition, this analyzes Joe's mind and fate within the context of Jim Crow laws and their impact on southern consciousness and on what DuBois called "double consciousness." Kreiswirth, Martin. "Faulkner's Dark House: The Uncanny Inheritance of Race." In Faulkner's Inheritance (#295 1; 2007), pp. 126-40. Uses Freud's and post-Freudian notions of the uncanny to study the function of race in this novel and Absalom, focusing on Joe and on Bon, who "work at the edgy junction of race and heredity, an impossible site" that disturbs "the stability of America's hearth and home."

2973.

Long, Adam. "Religion as an Agent for Projection in Light in August." Philological Review 33, ii (Fall 2007): 5 1-66.

Argues that Hightower and Joe, despite their tragic endings, "are examples of the kind of courage Faulkner suggests human beings need to find and accept the personal wholeness a sexually repressed, religiously oppressed world would deny them.''

Absalom, Absalom! 2974.

Folsom, Tonya R. "Eulalia Bon's Untold Story." In Critical Essays on William Faulkner: The Sutpen Family (#83; 1996), pp. 2 16-20. Reviews Eulalia's role and speculates on her motivations.

2975.

McGinnis, Adelaide P. "Charles Bon: The New Orleans Myth Made Flesh." In Critical Essays on William Faulkner: The Sutpen Family (#83; 1996), pp. 22 1-26.

Other Materials: Late Additions Studies Bon as New Orleans man, in contrast to Henry, not a villain but "the would-be emancipator of Henry." 2976.

Parker, Robert Dale. "The Other Coldfields: Gender, Commerce, and the Exchange of Bodies in Absalom, Absalom!" In Critical Essays on William Faulkner: The Sutpen Family (#83; 1996), pp. 239-48. Explaining why the Coldfields--Goodhue, Ellen, the aunt especially-are crucial to understanding the themes of exchange and agency and commerce in the novel, argues that Sutpen and Coldfield are paired sides of a puritan myth mocked in the novel.

2977.

Peterson, Christopher. "The Haunted House of Kinship: Miscegenation, Homosexuality, and Faulkner's Absalom, Absalom!" CR: The New Centennial Review 4, i (Spring 2004): 227-65. Drawing on ideas of Derrida, this explores the very complex ideas about miscegenation that underlie the novel, for the term can refer to all kinds of generation, which after all depends on dzffkrance, "the condition of all generation."

2978.

Dean Morgan. "The Myth of Quentin Compson: Dealing with Loss and Fragmentation in William Faulkner's Absalom, Absalom!" Publications of the Mississippi Philological Association, 2006, pp. 36-42.

2979.

Fossett, Judith Jackson. "Sold Down the River." PMLA 122, i (January 2007): 325-30. Connects Hurricane Katrina and its press coverage with the flawed narrative method of this novel.

2980.

Li, Stephanie. "Resistance, Silence, and PlacBes: Charles Bon's Octoroon Mistress and Louisa Picquet." American Literature 79, i (March 2007): 85-1 12. Puts Bon's "mistress" into "a historical framework that takes into account the fraught social matrix confronted by plackes," and connects that framework with the male narrators of her story in the novel.

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53 1

2981.

Martin, Gretchen. "'Am I going to have to hear it all again?': Quentin Compson's Role as Narratee in The Sound and the Fury and Absalom, Absalom!" Southern Studies 14, i (Spring-Summer 2007): 147-61. Argues that Quentin is a narratee for stories of others, and that "his inability to escape his role as narratee and the distressing nature of the information he receives . . . lead to the psychological impasse that compels his suicide."

2982.

Belcher, Rebecca. "From Flags in the Dust to Absalom, Absalom! Faulkner's Development of the Center of Consciousness." Tennessee Philological Bulletin 44 (2007): 13-24.

2983.

Spoth, Daniel. "The House That Time Built: Structuring History in Faulkner and Yeats." European Journal of American Culture 26, ii (2007): 109-26. Compares handling of history by both writers through a Big House (as in Sutpen's Hundred), and sees the threat posed by their destruction as, in effect, "the threat of destroying the very notion of teleology, of effacing the structural sum of history," potentially replacing it with "an authoritarian, parasitic, highly narrativized and reconstituted model."

2984.

Rowe, John Carlos. "Faulkner and the Southern Arts of Mystification in Absalom, Absalorn!" In A Companion to William Faulkner (#2947; 2007), pp. 445-58. Addresses the conflict in Faulkner between being a teller of stories, a maker of fictions, yet trying to criticize the fictions, stories, and narratives that perpetuate the lies on which the region depends. Argues that in this novel he "perpetuates the Southern arts of mystification in his very effort to reveal their perversity."

2985.

Aboul-Ela, Hosam. "The Poetics of Periphalization, Part 2: Absalom, Absalom! as Revisionist Historiography." Other South (#2945; 2007), pp. 130-73.

Other Materials: Late Additions Puts the Sutpen story into a global context, including Latin America and the Arab world, focusing on "spatial politics," marginalizations, and colonial economies. 2986.

Braziel, Jana Evans. "Antillean Detours through the American South: Edouard Glissant's and Jamaica Kincaid's Textual Returns to William Faulkner." In Just Below South: Intercultural Performance in the Caribbean and the U S . South. Ed. Jessica Adams, Michael P. Bibler, and Cdcile Accilien. Charlottesville, VA: U of Virginia P, 2007, pp. 239-64. On Kincaid's responses to, rewriting of, and relationship with the fiction of Faulkner, particularly this novel.

2987.

D'haen, Theo. "Cultural Memories, Literary Forms, Caribbean Revolutions." In Caribbean Interfaces. Ed. Lieven D'hulst, Liesbeth Bleeker, and Nadia Lie. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 2007, pp. 169-83. Draws comparisons with fiction by Carpentier and others.

2988.

Walter, David. "Strange Attractions: Sibling Love Triangles in Faulkner's Absalom, Absalom! and Balzac's La Fille aux yeux d'or." Comparative Literature Studies 44, iv (2007): 484-506. Sees Balzac's novella as a significant influence "on the Henry-Judith-Bon love triangle."

The Unvanquished 2989.

Fruscione, Joseph. "'One Tale, One Telling': Parallelism, Influence, and Exchange between Faulkner's The Unvanquished and Hemingway's For Whom the Bell Tolls." War, Literature, and the Arts 18, i-ii (2006): 279-300.

2990.

Ladd, Barbara. "Race as Fact and Fiction in William Faulkner." In A Companion to William Faulkner (#2947; 2007), pp. 133-47. A revisionary reading of the book that sees it, despite its limitations, as the novel in which "Faulkner under-

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533

takes his first sustained effort to access black voices for their capacity to challenge the white perspective" (as in Loosh's story). Argues that it leads to Go Down, Moses, "Faulkner's most ambitious critique of white supremacist ideology."

I f I Forget Thee, Jerusalem and The Wild Palms 2991.

Kodat, Catherine Gunther. "'C'est Vraiment DCgueulasse': Meaning and Ending in A bout de souffli and If I Forget Thee, Jerusalem." In A Companion to William Faulkner (#2947; 2007), pp. 65-84. Building on relationships between the novel and Godard's film, tied to the problematic distinctions between high art and popular culture, this assesses existing criticism of the novel and argues that the "scandal" in the book is its fusion of high and low, "art and commerce," in "a common expressive project such that they illuminate each other, equally, in the manner of true counterpoint."

The Hamlet 2992.

Skei, Hans H. "The Hamlet, William Faulkner's Last Great Novel." American Studies in Scandinavia 38, ii (Fall 2006): 46-54.

2993.

Elmore, Owen. "Apophasis Aletheia: William Faulkner's The Hamlet." Nebula 4, i (March 2007): 71-83. Discusses the novel's treatment of class issues, seeing Ratliff as the crucial voice and Sarty Snopes, "the moral center" even if an absent center, as a symbol of the hture of the Mississippi Hillman.

2994.

Godden, Richard. William Faulkner: An Economy of Complex Wordr (#2945; 2007), pp. 11-59.

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Go Down, Moses 2995.

Bevilacqua, Winifred Farrant. "'Let Me Talk Now': Chronotopes and Discourse in The Bear." Journal of the Short Story in English 42 (Spring 2004): 33-59.

2996.

Kinney, Arthur F. "Unscrambling Surprises." Connotations 15, i-iii (2005-2006): 17-29.

2997.

Decker, Mark T. "'Moving Again among the Shades of Tall, Unaxed Trees': Regional Utopias, Railroads, and Metropolitan Miscegenation in Faulkner's Go Down, Moses." Mississippi Quarterly 59, iii (Summer 2006): 47 1-87. Going beyond environmental and ethical interpretations of Ike's repudiation, sees Ike as one who "gives voice to the fears of a Southern society trapped within its own dread of cultural change that can be easily coded as contamination" and related metaphorically to miscegenation.

2998.

Sassoubre, Ticien Marie. "Avoiding Adjudication in William Faulkner's Go Down, Moses and Intruder in the Dust." Criticism 49, ii (Spring 2007): 183-214. Studies both novels in the context of Faulkner's opposition to increasing federal legal intrusion in the South and a desire for the South to find other ways to address its own racial injustices and to transform its race relationships.

2999.

Parini, Jay. "Afterword: In the House of Faulkner." In Faulkner 's Inheritance (#295 1; 2007), pp. 160-69. Uses "The Bear" as a culminating example in considering the larger meanings of "Faulkner's Inheritance" and "the house of Faulkner" and how many elements-b'historical, cultural, and familial"-lead up to an author.

3000.

Godden, Richard. William Faulkner: An Economy of Complex Words (#2945; 2007), pp. 60- 155.

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535

3001.

Pothier, Jacques. "The Blackness of the Pantaloon." In Nouvelles du Sud: Hearing Voices, Reading Stories. Ed. Marie Liknard and Gerald Praher. Palaiseau, France: Editions de lkcole Polytechnique, 2007, pp. 153-58. On the centrality of "Pantaloon in Black" to the book.

3002.

Godden, Richard. "Bear, Man, and Black: Hunting the Hidden in Faulkner's Big Woods." Faulkner Journal 23, i (Fall 2007): 3-25. Connects the departure north of African American labor to sexual paradigms operating in the text by identifying a set of "paratactic caesurae." Reads "Faulkner's representation of the big woods and its bestiary . . . as encoding echoes or displacements of a prior scene whose source is a scene hidden within the McCaslin ledgers."

3003.

Kodat, Catherine Gunther. "Making Camp: G o Down, Moses." American Literary History 19, iv (Winter 2007): 997-1029. A rethinking of Percival Brownlee's role in the book, in part a response to or going beyond the GoddenPolk article, in what Kodat calls an example of the "unhistoricist" approach to fiction. Focuses on the complex and ambivalent role of homosexuality and on implications of the names "Percival" and "Spintrius."

Intruder in the Dust 3004.

Fulton, Lorie Walton. "Intruder in the Past." Southern Literary Journal 38, ii (Spring 2006): 64-73. On seeing Chick, and maybe Faulkner too, as the intruder into the metaphorical dust and the actual past of his town.

3005.

Fowler, Doreen. "Beyond Oedipus: Lucas Beauchamp, Ned Barnett, and Faulkner's Intruder in the Dust." Modern Fiction Studies 53, iv (Winter 2007): 788-820. A rethinking of the novel that emphasizes its challenge to exclusionary behavior based on binary oppo-

Other Materials: Late Additions sitions, patterns related to repression and identity formation, the autobiographical roles of the Nelse Patten lynching (1908) and of Ned Barnett in the genesis of the novel, and meaning of fatherhood. Requiem for a Nun 3006.

Wainwright, Michael. "Evolutionary Ideas in Faulkner's Requiem for a Nun." Mississippi Quarterly 59, iii (Summer 2006): 455-70. On the importance of evolutionary theory and Darwinian ideas to the historical sections.

3007.

Messer, H. Collin. "Exhausted Voices: The Inevitable Impoverishment of Faulkner's 'Garrulous and Facile' Language." Southern Literary Journal 39, i (Fall 2006): 1-15. After studying the way "Go Down, Moses" (the story) "speaks to the difficulty and efficacy of establishing dialogue around well-intentioned acts with hopes of bridging cultural distance, Faulkner uses Requiem to explore the limits of dialogue" in "the face of a horrible and seemingly inexplicable act."

A Fable 3008.

Montes, Catalina. "The Complex Fable of William Faulkner in Search of an Interpretation." In Nor Shall Diamond Die: American Studies in Honor of Javier Coy. Ed. Carme Manuel and Paul Scott Derrick. Valencia, Spain: Universitat de Valkncia, 2003, pp. 339-53. Focuses on (sometimes ironic) patterns of Christian imagery.

3009.

Godden, Richard. William Faulkner: An Economy of Complex Words (#2945; 2007), pp. 156-202.

3010.

Ladd, Barbara. "'The Anonymity of a Murmur': History, Memory, and Resistance in Faulkner's A Fable." Resisting History (#2946; 2007), pp. 79-107. Sees it as an at times radical novel in which "voices of submerged populations" are heard and in which

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537

Faulkner develops the conflict between "the voices and official memories of the modern state" and resisting voices of colonies and peoples. The Mansion 3011.

Smith, Jon. "Faulkner, Metropolitan Fashion, and 'The South."' In Faulkner 's Inheritance (#295 1 ; 2007), pp. 82100. Focuses in a new way on Chapter 7 (Greenwich Village) to explore Faulkner's views on consumerism, taste, fashion, antifashion, and "snappy dressing."

The Snopes Trilogy 3012.

Powell, Brittany R. "Don Quijote de Yoknapatawpha: Cervantine Comedy and the Bakhtinian Grotesque in William Faulkner's Snopes Trilogy." Comparative Literature Studies 43, iv (2006): 482-97. Drawing on Bakhtin's ideas about grotesque realism, explores parallels between Cervantes's and Faulkner's development of comic structures.

3013.

McDowell Cook, Ruth. "Fire and Disgrace in the South: Faulkner's Snopes Meets Coetzee's Lurie." Tennessee Philological Bulletin 44 (2007): 37-45.

3014.

Schreiber, Evelyn Jaffe. "'The Cradle of Your Nativity': Codes of Class Culture and Southern Desire in Faulkner's Snopes Trilogy." In A Companion to William Faulkner (#2947; 2007), pp. 459-75. Drawing on ideas of Lacan, this analyzes how the men in the trilogy deal with the anxiety that is related to a changing power structure and "how the community recovers its balance through the psychic mechanisms of projection." Also on "class signifiers" and the level of awareness of them that characters have.

3015.

Aboul-Ela, Hosam. "Social Classes in the Southern Economy: Snopesism and the Emergence of a Comprador Elite." Other South (#2945; 2007), pp. 68-99.

Other Materials: Late Additions Puts the class issues, and the story of Flem's rise, into a global context, seeing Flem as "a narrativization of the comprador class's emergence in the South. The Reivers 3016.

Fury, Frank P. "Snaffles and Derbies: Horseracing and Southern Folk Culture in William Faulkner's The Reivers." Mississippi Quarterly 59, iii (Summer 2006): 43554. On the importance of horses and horseracing to the novel and, more generally, to "the Southern folk community."

3017.

Jones, Anne Goodwyn. "A Loving Gentleman and the Corncob Man: Faulkner, Gender, Seriality, and The Reivers." In A Companion to William Faulkner (#2947; 2007), pp. 46-64. In a context of the conflicted and varied treatment of sexual and gender issues in Faulkner's fiction, often unusual for its times, this explores several underlying sexual patterns in The Reivers, which leaves, however, the "specters" of "contradictory male sexual desire" still hidden in codes.

Short Stories, Poetry, and Miscellaneous Writings 3018.

Becker-Bernstein, Rochelle. "Dealing with an Uneasy Heritage: Reading Faulkner's 'A Rose for Emily' in Florida's 'Deep' South." In Florida Studies: Proceedings of the Florida College English Association. Ed. Steve Glassman et al. Newcastle upon Tyne, England: Cambridge Scholars, 2006, pp. 12-15.

3019.

Joiner, Jennie J. "The Ghostly Presence of Evangeline: Faulkner's Exorcism, and Revision of the Feminine Ideal." Mississippi Quarterly 59, iv (Fall 2006): 525-4 1. Connecting "Evangeline" to Longfellow's poem, with Bon's New Orleans "wife" tied to Longfellow's heroine more than Judith is, this sees the story as an exploration of both enduring and changing representations of femininity.

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539

3020.

Skei, Hans H. "William Faulkner's Short Stories." In A Companion to William Faulkner (#2947; 2007), pp. 394409. A survey of Faulkner's work in the short story form.

3021.

Polk, Noel. "Faulkner's Non-Fiction." In A Companion to William Faulkner (#2947; 2007), pp. 4 10-19. Assesses the writings collected in Essays, Speeches and Public Letters by thematic category-race, books and writers, art, technology and the modern world, travel, sports, and Mississippi.

3022.

Ramsey, D. Matthew. "'Touch Me While You Look at Her': Stars, Fashion, and Authorship in Today We Live." In Faulkner and Material Culture (#2950; 2007), pp. 82103. Considers the movie as a different work fiom "Turnabout," not merely a flawed adaptation, a work that requires multiple perspectives-Hawks's, Crawford's, Bogard's-as well as recognition of "competing reputations and audience expectations." Says Faulkner may have learned something fiom the project.

3023.

Klein, Thomas. "The Ghostly Voice of Gossip in Faulkner's 'A Rose for Emily."' Explicator 65, iv (Summer 2007): 229-32.

3024.

Fick, Thomas, and Eva Gold. "'He Liked Men': Homer, Homosexuality, and the Culture of Manhood in Faulkner's 'A Rose for Emily."' Eureka Studies in Teaching Short Fiction 8, i (Fall 2007): 99-107. There were two responses to this: Hal Blythe and Charlotte Sweet, "A Rosey Response to Fick and Gold," pp. 108-14; and Alice Robertson, "Response to Fick and Gold's 'He Liked Men,"' pp. 115-16.

3025.

Moore, Gene M. "The End of the Line in 'Pennsylvania Station."' Faulkner Journal 23, i (Fall 2007): 27-35.

Other Materials: Late Additions A reading of the story, with photographs of the old Penn Station, that emphasizes the theme of Death. Commentaries Covering Several Works 3026.

McGurl, Mark. "Faulkner's Ambit: Modernism, Regionalism, and the Location of Cultural Capital." The Novel Art: Elevations of American Fiction after Henry James. Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP, 2001, pp. 135-57. Explores the complications of dealing with Faulkner's regionalism (of the South or the Deep South), the role of "cultural capital" in his fictional transactions, and The Unvanquished as a revealing text on these matters.

3027.

Sivils, Matthew Wynn. "Faukner's Ecological Disturbances." Mississippi Quarterly 59, iii (Summer 2006): 489-502. Argues that Faulkner often connects ecological disturbances and environmental abuse with racial oppression and social injustice, particularly in Absalom, The Wild Palms, and Light in August.

3028.

Barth, Daniel. "Faulkner and Film Noir." Bright Lights Film Journal 54 (November 2006): no pagination. [Reprint of a 1994 article.]

3029.

Duck, Leigh Anne. "William Faulkner and the Haunted Plantation." The Nation's Region: Southern Modernism, Segregation, and U.S. Nationalism. Athens, GA: U of Georgia P, 2006, pp. 146-74. Studies the Gothic as a mode that helped Faulkner to explore "temporal fragmentation" and "to investigate ideas of southern collective memory," to "question the etiology of white southerners' relationships to the past" which often blind them "to truths about their society."

3030.

Wainwright, Michael. "Coordination Problems in the Work of William Faulkner." Papers on Language and Literature 43, i (Winter 2007): 89-1 12.

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54 1

Draws on game theory to analyze situations in several works, particularly in A Fable, "Centaur in Brass," and Light in August. 3031.

Polk, Noel. "Richard Wright Award Address: Notes of Another Native Son." Southern Quarterly 44, ii (Winter 2007): 126-37. Draws connections between Faulkner's work, notably "Mississippi," and Wright's, notably Black Boy.

3032.

Hagood, Taylor. "Taking 'Money Right Out of an American's Pockets': Faulkner's South and the International Cotton Market." European Journal of American Culture 26, ii (2007): 83-95. Traces the material and metaphorical "centrality of cotton to the topographical identity of Faulkner's South" and discusses the way that "the international trade in cotton goods engrafts the South around the globe and the globe within the South."

3033.

Godden, Richard. "A Difficult Economy: Faulkner and the Poetics of Plantation Labor." In A Companion to William Faulkner (#2947; 2007), pp. 7-27. Studies Absalom, "Pantaloon in Black," and The Sound and the Fury in relation to continuing if slowly changing economic dependencies in the South, and ties those to sexual and racial patterns, as, for example, in the Compson story where African American labor "structures a cultural erotics founded on the sister's hymen."

3034.

Hale, Grace Elizabeth, and Robert Jackson. "'We're Trying Hard as Hell to Free Ourselves': Southern History and Race in the Making of William Faulkner's Literary Terrain." In A Companion to William Faulkner (#2947; 2007), pp. 28-45. Puts Faulkner's work in the context of American thinking about race and sees his South "as a place where white Southern liberalism grew in the middle ground" as an "integrated white space." Focuses on Light in August as the key text and suggests Faulkner

Other Materials: Late Additions never quite advanced beyond Hightower's reverie on Grimm and Christmas. 3035.

Zeitlin, Michael. "The Synthesis of Marx and Freud in Recent Faulkner Criticism." In A Companion to William Faulkner (#2947; 2007), pp. 85- 103. Not an assessment of individual Marxian or Freudian critics, but a thoughtful discussion of how ideological and psychoanalytic theories (and the Frankfurt School) have informed a broad range of strong Faulkner criticism over a quarter century.

3036.

Robinson, Owen. "Reflections on Language and Narrative." In A Companion to William Faulkner (#2947; 2007), pp. 1 15-32. On the complex roles of the reader in Faulkner's fiction, in relation to such diverse narrative strategies as those used in the Compson, Sutpen, and Snopes novels, as well as Light in August, which so well illustrates the often problematic nature of a supposedly authorial voice.

3037.

Kinney, Arthur F. "Faulkner's Families." In A Companion to William Faulkner (#2947; 2007), pp. 180-201. An overview of the importance of heritage, legacy, family, clan to Faulkner's fiction, this focuses on Sartorises, Compsons, Sutpens, and McCaslins.

3038.

Lester, Cheryl. "Chasing the Subject of Place in Faulkner." In A Companion to William Faulkner (#2947; 2007), pp. 202-19. A revisionary look at the role of place and setting in Faukner's fiction, contrasting traditional empirical readings of Jefferson and Yoknapatawpha with a more destabilizing reading related to modernization, mass exodus, and the demise of cotton plantation sharecropping.

3039.

Atkinson, Ted. "The State." In A Companion to William Faulkner (#2947; 2007), pp. 220-35. On Faukner's rootedness in classical economic liberalism and the conflict he felt between that and the

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543

increasing role of the state in America. Studies Jason Compson, Sanctuary (and its portrayal of a "crumbling social order"), and Intruder (with its ambivalent portrayal of Gavin). 3040.

H6nnighausen, Lothar. "Violence in Faukner's Major Novels." In A Companion to William Faulkner (#2947; 2007), pp. 236-5 1. An overview of the varied psychological, physical, racial, and class fkctions of violence in novels from the Compson story through The Reivers.

3041.

Latham, Sean. "An Impossible Resignation: William Faukner's Post-Colonial Imagination." In A Companion to William Faulkner (#2947; 2007), pp. 252-68. Draws on postcolonial theory to view Faulkner's fiction in terms of "a liberating impulse to escape the anguish of a South turned hopelessly inward on itself." Emphasizing the Compson and McCaslin stories, explores Faulkner's maps and sense of the instability of space and identity.

3042.

Duck, Leigh Anne. "Religion: Desire and Ideology." In A Companion to William Faulkner (#2947; 2007), pp. 26983. Discusses Faulkner's treatment of religion in relation to racial and class conflict, focusing mostly on Light in August, where despite the attack on southern Protestantism, there is also shown a hunger for spirituality. Traces changes in Faulkner's racialized views of race between The Sound and the Fury and Requiem for a Nun.

3043.

McHaney, Thomas L. "Faukner's Genre Experiments." In A Companion to William Faulkner (#2947; 2007), pp. 321-41. Explains how Faulkner's "apprenticeship as an experimenter with genres other than" the novelromantic poetry, drawing, drama, short prose fiction, essays, and so forth-informed his overall artistry.

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544

3044.

Weinstein, Philip. "'Make It New': Faulkner and Modemism." In A Companion to William Faulkner (#2947; 2007), pp. 342-58. Shows how Conrad, Freud, Eliot, and Joyce informed Faulkner's modernism, and compares that modernism with the work of Proust, Kafka, Mann, Woolf, and Hemingway.

3045.

Donaldson, Susan V. "Faulkner's Versions of Pastoral, Gothic, and the Sublime." In A Companion to William Faulkner (#2947; 2007), pp. 359-72. Shows how amid the importance of the Gothic and the pastoral in Faulkner's work and certainly Faulkner criticism, a struggle for the sublime governed his artistic ambition. From the romantic sublime with the motif of nympholepsy, it turned into the erotic sublime and then, in Light in August, into what can be called the "racial sublime."

3046.

Forter, Greg. "Faulkner, Trauma, and the Use of Crime Fiction." In A Companion to William Faulkner (#2947; 2007)' pp. 373-93. An overview of the function of detective-story conventions in Faulkner's fiction. In works like Intruder and "Knight's Gambit" the conventions govern form; in works like Absalom and Light in August they are "assimilated" and "dissolved" in a larger vision; in Sanctuary they are very visible but the novel is closer in impact to Light in August.

3047.

Cohn, Deborah. "Faulkner, Latin America, and the Caribbean: Influence, Politics, and Academic Disciplines." In A Companion to William Faulkner (#2947; 2007), pp. 499518. Covers the impact of Faulkner on Latin American writers, the political implications of Faulkner's trips to South America, and the potential of exciting new comparativist scholarship situating Faulkner within a literature of the Americas.

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545

3048.

O'Domell, Patrick. "Faulkner's Continuance." In A Companion to William Faulkner (#2947; 2007), pp. 5 1927. Places Faulkner "in the seam between modernism and postmodernism, but viewed through Glissant's perspective," and sees Faulkner's writing as "a form of deferred and dislocated writing," dynamic and changing in its "continuance."

3049.

Kodat, Catherine Gunther. "William Faulkner: An Impossibly Comprehensive Expressivity." In The Cambridge Companion to the Modernist Novel. Ed. Morag Shiach. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2007, pp. 178-90. Assesses Faulkner's relationship to literary modernism and his "legacy" to the next generation of writers.

3050.

Aiken, Charles S. "Faulkner and the Passing of the Old Agrarian Culture." In Faulkner and Material Culture (#2950; 2007), pp. 3-19. On the role of houses, barns, stores, and other objects of material culture, as well as "invisible features" like aromas, in the fiction, and on Faulkner's frequent conservatism about such matters even while insisting that life is "change."

3051.

Yaeger, Patricia. "Dematerializing Culture: Faulkner's Trash Aesthetic." In Faulkner and Material Culture (#2950; 2007), pp. 48-67. Arguing that Faulkner, like so many modernist writers, was obsessed with detritus and waste, this draws comparisons between his works (including "Barn Burning" and "That Evening Sun") and works by artists such as Matta-Clark, Oldenburg, and Duchamp.

3052.

Orvell, Miles. "Order and Rebellion: Faulkner's Small Town and the Place of Memory." In Faulkner and Material Culture (#2950; 2007)' pp. 104-20. Studies Faulkner's richly ambivalent treatment of the small town, emphasizing the courthouse and statue and jail in Requiem for a Nun, and concluding that

Other Materials: Late Additions "Faulkner's Jefferson is the place of memory in a culture of change." 3053.

Henninger, Katherine R. "Faulkner, Photography, and a Regional Ethics of Form." In Faulkner and Material Culture (#2950; 2007), pp. 121-38. Building on the complex relationship between the oral and the visual in the South and in Faulkner, and emphasizing Absalom, this explores Faulkner's fictional photographs as vehicles that move the "encounter of reader and text" from the epistemological to the ethical.

3054.

Lears, T. J. Jackson. "True and False Things: Faulkner and the World of Goods." In Faulkner and Material Culture (#2950; 2007), pp. 139-48. On Faulkner's anti-modem modernism, his "producerist" critique of mass consumer culture, his anthropological perspective on that culture, and his "vernacular" artistry through which he "sympathized with the longings embodied in things" and their "fetishlike power."

3055.

Bone, Martyn. "Neo-Confederate Narrative and Postsouthern Parody: Hannah and Faulkner." In Perspectives on Barry Hannah. Ed. Martyn Bone. Jackson, MS: UP of Mississippi, 2007, pp. 85-101. Draws on Harold Bloom's idea of anxiety in authors in tracing connections between Faulkner and Hannah.

3056.

Skei, Hans H. "William Faulkner." In Nobel Prize Laureates in Literature, Part 2. Ed. Tracy Simmons Bitonti. Detroit: Gale, 2007, pp. 3-19.

3057.

Zender, Karl F. "William Faulkner, New Orleans, and Europe." In Transatlantic Exchanges: The American South in Europe-Europe in the American South. Ed. Richard Gray and Waldemar Zacharasiewicz. Vienna: Verlag der Osterreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaflen, 2007, pp. 4 19-36.

Other Materials: Late Additions

547

Emphasizes the metaphorical significance of New Orleans as a representation of Europe in several novels including Mosquitoes and Absalom. 3058.

Polk, Noel. "Making 'Something Which Did Not Exist Before': What Faulkner Gave Himself." In Faulkner S Inheritance (#295 1; 2007), pp. 3-17. Drawing new connections between Faulkner and My Antonia, this explores the "middle distance" history (no blank page, like Cather's Midwest) that Faulkner inherited and with which he had to deal. Argues that "his work is an outright attack on sequence-history as a source of truth or even cognition," and that Faulkner provides a sense of fullness in a "now" that has a past never to be "recovered" except in the form of a construction.

3059.

Sensibar, Judith L. "Estelle and William Faulkner: Imaginative Collaboration (c. 1919-1925)." In Faulkner 's Inheritance (#295 1; 2007), pp. 18-34. Shows the importance of Estelle and of her fiction in Faulkner's early growth as a writer. Focuses on "A Crossing" in relation to Marionettes and on Estelle's adventurous exploration of race, gender, and alcoholism as themes.

3060.

Wald, Priscilla. "Atomic Faulkner." In Faulkner 's Inheritance (#2951; 2007), pp. 35-52. On Faulkner's treatment of fear in a "postapocalyptic landscape," as in his 1956 essay "On Fear," but also in a book like Absalom, which depicts profoundly "the racialized politics of fear."

3061.

Gussow, Adam. "Plaintive Reiterations and Meaningless Strains: Faulkner's Blues Understandings." In Faulkner 's Inheritance (#295 1;2007), pp. 53-8 1. On Faulkner's knowledge of the blues from his youth and on the role of the blues in Soldiers ' P q ,Sartoris, "That Evening Sun," and "Pantaloon in Black."

Other Materials: Late Additions

548

3062.

Gold, Lael. "A Mammy Callie Legacy." In Faulkner's Inheritance (#295 1; 2007), pp. 141-59. Covering the importance of the Bible to Faulkner's fiction, but more precisely the two Bibles-the white logocentric and the black conjurational, argues that G o Down, Moses best reflects the "twofold, racially inflected" Bible.

3063.

Polk, Noel. "Faulkner and the Commies." In Walking on a Trail of W o r d : Essays in Honor of Professor Agnieszka Salska. Ed. Jadwiga Maszewska and Zbiegniew Maszewski. Lodz, Poland: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Lodzkiego, 2007, pp. 305-15.

3064.

Vbgsb, Roland. "Faulkner in the Fifties: The Making of the Faulkner Canon." Arizona Quarterly 63, ii (Summer 2007): 81-107. Builds on and revises Lawrence Schwartz's arguments about the canonization of Faulkner. Sees as a key factor the development of a periodization in Faulkner's career (as in major modernist works and "late style"). Addresses arguments related to Faulkner's aesthetic and political radicalism and conservatism.

3065.

Waid, Candace. "Burying the Regional Mother: Faulkner's Road to Race through the Visual Arts." Faulkner Journal 23, i (Fall 2007): 37-92. Building on the context of Wharton's (and Cather's) fictional mainstream in Faulkner's America, this explores As I Lay Dying as "a pivotal work in the transformation of this family romance of American literature." Argues that in confronting his "cultural mothers" Faulkner recasts "their definition of America" and "articulates the gendered drama between a regional culture and a national aesthetic with striking clarity."

3066.

Forter, Greg. "Freud, Faulkner, Caruth: Trauma and the Politics of Literary Form." Narrative 15, iii (October 2007): 259-85.

Other Materials: Late Additions

549

Drawing on ideas of Freud and Cathy Caruth about trauma, argues that Faulkner-particularly in Absalom and Light in August-makes us feel "the troubling consequences of resolving ambivalence" toward "normative gender" (and race) "by naturalizing its psychic and historical formation." Biographical Studies 3067.

Wyatt-Brown, Bertram. "William Faulkner: Art, Alienation, and Alcohol." On Bridging Southern Cultures: An Interdisciplinary Approach. Ed. John Lowe. Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State UP, 2005, pp. 77-99.

3068.

Cohn, Deborah. "Combating Anti-Americanism during the Cold War: Faulkner, the State Department, and Latin America." Mississippi Quarterly 59, iii (Summer 2006): 395-413. Discusses Faulkner's trips to Latin America "within the context of official US Cold War politics" and the containment of Cuban influence.

3069.

Parini, Jay. "Faulkner's Lives." In A Companion to William Faulkner (#2947; 2007), pp. 104-12. An overview of the several biographies of Faulkner written since his death.

Bibliographical Studies 3070.

Polk, Noel. "Faulkner's Texts." In A Companion to William Faulkner (#2947; 2007), pp. 420-26. Comments on Faulkner's holographs and typescripts, textual decisions behind the new "Corrected" texts, and several issues related to authorial intentionality.

3071.

Caron, Timothy P. "'He Doth Bestride the Narrow World Like a Colossus': Faulkner's Critical Reception." In A Companion to William Faulkner (#2947; 2007), pp. 47998. A thoughthl survey of Faulkner criticism from its early years through the impact of Irwin and Bleikas-

Other Materials: Late Additions ten in the 1970s, to the changes wrought by the "theory boom" with Matthews, Gwin, and several others in the 1980s, to the many "Faulkners" we now have. 3072.

Towner, Theresa M. "Faulkner." In American Literary Scholarship 1995. Ed. Gary Scharnhorst. Durham, NC: Duke UP, 2007, pp. 189-200.

Reviews of Books about Faulkner 3073.

Lucero, Jessica. "Finding Faulkner: Man and Legend." Journal of Modern Literature 30, iv (Summer 2007): 16266. (Bauer)

3074.

Hagood, Taylor. Review. American Literature 79, iii (September 2007): 6 18-20. (Atkinson, Bauer)

Magazine and Journal Articles 3075.

Lienard, Marie. "Ernest J. Gaines: Louisiana Blues." ~ t u d e 406, s i (January 2007): 73-82. On use of blues music by both writers.

3076.

Coyle, Dennis P. "A Farewell: Faulkner and Allusions to Shakespeare in Willa Cather's 'Before Breakfast."' Willa Cather Newsletter & Review 50, iii (Winter 2007): 60-62.

3077.

McDermott, John A. "'Do You Love Mother, Norman?': Faulkner's 'A Rose for Emily' and Metalious's Peyton Place as Sources for Robert Bloch's Psycho." Journal of Popular Culture 40, iii (June 2007): 454-67.

3078.

Skaggs, Merrill Maguire. "Icons and Willa Cather." Cather Studies 7 (2007): 288-302. Draws connections between Cather and Shakespeare, Glasgow, and Faulkner.

Index of Critics A Abadie, Ann J., 8, 31, 44, 61, 72, 81, 82, 97, 118, 126, 139, 142, 150, 159, 163,174,2950,2951 Abate, Michelle Ann, 428 Abdur-Rahman, Aliyyah I., 806 Abel, Marco, 338 Abernathy, Jeff, 1297 Aboul-Ela, Hosam, 1299,2738,2942,2985,3015 Abrams, Cheryl R., 2739 Adarnson, Joseph, 250, 1306 Agee, Anne, 2507 Ahrenhoerster, Greg, 393 Aiken, Charles S., 3050 Akasofu, Tetsuji, 2930 Al-Sarayeb, Dafer Y., 2788 Ali, Seemee, 1453,2828 Allen, Sharon L., 1863 Allen, Ward S., 2369 Almon, Bert, 5 12 Alspach, Russell K., 2657 Alter, Robert T., 2600 Altman, Meryl, 2 10 Alumbaugh, Heather A., 2893 Amin, Amina, 964 Anderson, Deland, 270 Anderson, Eric Gary, 452 Anderson, George, 1402 Anderson, John D., 2943 Andrews, Carol M., 1699 Andrews, Karen M., 230,695, 1509,2754 Andringa, Els, 1540 Angley, Patricia B., 2789 Arbeit, Marcel, 1457 Arend, Mary Kate, 726 Arensberg, Mary, 2935 Argiro, Thomas, 437 Armstrong, Julie B., 2359,2764 Arnold, David L., 1056, 1216,2657,2740 Arnold, Edwin T., 74,203,617, 1416, 1951,2208,2242

Index of Critics

Aschkenasy, Nehama, 272 Ashley, Robert, 2657 Atkins, Barry, 240 Atkinson, Stephen, 1238 Atkinson, Ted, 167, 221, 451, 572, 574, 674, 1060, 2026, 2408, 2829, 3039 Atsma, Helen R., 406 Auchmutey, Jim, 2572

B Babson, Jane H., 2673 Bach, Peggy, 334 Bacigalupo, Massimo, 2 104 Bahr, Howard, 2066,2294 Bain-Creed, Benjamin, 2407 Baker, Charles, 124,746,2775 Baker, Donald P., 2581 Baker, Houston A., Jr., 2003 Baldanzi, Jessica, 562,2853 Baldwin, Doug, 1952 Baldwin, James, 1950 Baldwin, Marc D., 488 Balhorn, Mark, 1253 Balkun, Mary McAleer, 662 Bancroft, Colette, 2595 Banerjee, Supurna, 1252 Banta, Martha, 1426, 1797,2303 Barickman, Paul H., 2674 Barker, Deborah E., 304,680, 1554 Barlowe, Jamie, 23 15 Barnes, Stephen D., 11,2916 Barnett, Louise K., 279, 1579 Barnett, Pamela E., 2765 Barnwell, Janet E., 2842 Barth, Daniel, 3028 Barth, John, 1978 Barthelemy, Anthony, 347 BaSiC, Sonja, 1110, 1625, 1798, 1844, 1944 Basil, Kriss Richard, 2843 Bassett, John E., 27,2134,2239,2420 Bathersby, John, 2560

Index of Critics

Batty, Nancy E., 893, 1848,2424,2741 Baudry, Francis, 493 Bauer, Margaret Donovan, 168, 291, 405, 573, 675, 877, 1029, 1076, 1561,2027,2540 Baum, Rosalie M., 1720 Bauman, Marcy Lassota, 3 16,2696 Bausch, Susan E., 2894 Becker-Bernstein, R., 3018 Becnel, Kim E., 2895 Bedard, Brian, 1213 Beebee, Thomas O., 395 Belcher, Rebecca, 2982 Bell, Bernard W., 1161 Bell, Millicent, 2264 Bell, Sarah V., 2675 Bender, Carol F., 580 Benfey, Christopher, 2439 Benfield, Susan S., 2865 Bennett, Barbara, 2646 Bennett, Bruce, 2640 Bennett, Nichole, 2952 Benoit, Raymond, 1182 Benson, Jyl, 2563 Benson, Melanie, 1006 Benson, Sean, 940 Bentley-Baker, Dan, 957 Benway, Bruce, 2723 Beppu, Keiko, 700 Bercovitch, Sacvan, 1857 Berg, Allison, 233 Berger, Aimee E., 2819 Bergman, Jill, 525 Berk, Lynn M., 1694 Berkeley, Edmund, Jr., 2 153 Berland, Alwyn, 42,703 Berman, David, 2072 Bemard, AndrB, 2630 Bemer, Seth, 2 187 BessiBre, Jean, 1804 Betz, B. G. Till, 883 Beutel, Katherine P., 2724 Bevilacqua, Winifred F., 853,2995

Index of Critics

Bickford, Leslie W., 2896 Bickley, R. Bruce, 25 19 Bidney, Martin, 699,708 Billingslea, Oliver, 1473 Bing, Wu, 192 Binggeli, Elizabeth C., 2897 Birk, John F., 1527 Birns, Margaret Boe, 306 Bishop, Donald M., 112 Blaine, Diana York, 5 10 Blann, Robertson, 1104 Bledsoe, Erik, 190,2084 Bleikasten, Andre, 2, 66, 125, 140, 166, 183, 200, 224, 259, 466, 587, 610, 636, 685, 1280, 1368, 1645, 1711, 1744, 1792, 1850, 1929, 1936,2351 Bloom, Harold, 3, 141 Bloom, James D., 739,766 Bloshteyn, Maria R., 1993 Blotner, Joseph, 28, 69, 198, 1204, 1409, 1627, 1686, 1709, 1754, 1876, 1921,2081,2103,2109,2419,2433,2520 Blythe, David E., 968 Blythe, Hal, 3024 Boa, Huafu Paul, 840 Bockting, Ineke, 67,265,3 17,325, 518,613, 720,905,911,952, 1243, 1283, 1791 Boitani, Piero, 1171 Boker, Pamela A., 697 Bolin, Bill, 2262 Bollinger, Laurel, 958 Bone, Martyn, 2538,3055 Bonner, Thomas, Jr., 1731,2113,2479 Boon, Kevin A,, 592 Boone, Joseph A., 834 Boozer, William, 57,206 1,2166,2200, 2465,2468, 2477,2500 Boren, Mark Edelman, 558 Borges, Jorge Luis, 1079, 1080,2473 Borse, Gregory A., 2866 Bosha, Francis J., 2078 Boswell, George W., 2936 Boudraa, Nabil A., 2844 Bourassa, Alan T., 2799 Bourdieu, Pierre, 1534

Index of Critics

Bowers, Fredson, 2489 Boyagoda, Randy, 1008,2417,2898 Boyd, Molly, 1504 Boyle, Anne, 1552 Bradbury, Malcolm, 1702 Bradford, M. E., 1321, 1695,2285,2605,2629 Brady, Peter, 283 Branny, G r m n a , 93,373,929 Brantley, Will, 2332 Brauer, Stephen, 2965 Braziel, Jana E., 2986 Bredahl, A. Carl, Jr., 2601 Brevda, William, 1689 Briley, Rebecca, 2647 Brinkrneyer, Robert M., 1185,1568, 1795,265 1,2658 Brister, J. G., 1035 Brodsky, Louis Daniel, 4,29, 1641 Brsgger, Fredrik Chr, 1233 Brooks, Cleanth, 2462 Brooks, Peter, 26 18 Broughton, Panthea R. (see Reid) Brown, Arthur A,, 332,2742 Brown, Ashley, 303 Brown, Barbara, 769 Brown, Joseph, 920 Brown, Kenneth M., 2725 Brown, Larry, 1934,2088 Brownlee, Peter J., 2373 Broyles, Kenneth, 2899 Brumm, Ursula, 1764 Bryan, Violet Harrington, 207 Bryant, Cedric Gael, 296, 2663 Budd, Louis J., 2049 Buell, Laurence, 1259 Bukolski, Peter J., 222 1 Bunnell, Phyllis Ann, 2755 Burdock, Michael L., 1525 Burg, Jennifer, 1552 Burgess, M. J., 696 Bums, Margie, 1524 Burton, Stacy, 337,339,418,2676 Bush, Laura L., 748

Index of Critics

Bushloper, Linda, 2489 Butery, Karen Ann, 254 Butterworth, Keen, 5, 1386 Butterworth, Nancy, 5, 1386 Byerman, Keith E., 935 Byrne, Mary Ellen, 1481, 1536

C Cackett, Kathy, 1152 Caesar, Judith, 25 13 Caldwell, Gail, 2258 Calkins, Paul Luis, 527 Caluori, Bettina R., 2756 Campbell, Christopher D., 645 Campbell, Colin, 2477,2554 Campbell, Erin E., 448,994,2830 Carbonell, Bettina M., 2757 Carlson, Thomas C., 2 131 Carmichael, Thomas, 1330 Carmignani, Paul, 1691 Caron, Timothy P., 23 17,307 1 Carothers, James B., 181,204,928, 1639, 1732, 2338 Carpenter, Brian, 2 118 Carpenter, Lucas, 5 16 Carpenter, William R., 2800 Carr, Sarah, 2599 Carr, Susan, 2496 Carrigan, Henry L., Jr., 2437 Carter, Steven, 4 16 Carvill, Caroline, 2 182 Casey, Rogert N., 1404 Cashin, Joan E., 857 Cass, Barbara Ann, 559 Caster, Peter, 1293 Castille, Philip Dubuisson, 294, 324,2256,2298,2365, 2392 Castor, Laura, 1290 Cawelti, John G., 1696, 1724 Cesari-Stricker, Florence, 625, 1089 Ceylan, Deniz Tarba, 745 Chabrier, Gwendolyn, 50 Chaffin, Tom, 2559

Index of Critics

Chakovsky, Sergei, 1729,2138,2561 Chamier, Suzanne, 2 19 Chan, Amado, 555 Chancellor, Shannon B., 2867 Chand, Neerja Jayal, 963 Chang, Kyong-Soon, 2845 Chang, Sheng-tai, 2726 Chapdelaine, Annick, 60 1, 1726 Chaplin, Jeanette, 1475 Chappel, Deborah K., 485 Chappell, Charles, 309, 328,474 Cheakalos, Christina, 2564 Cherry, Wynn, 1862 Cheung, Esther M. K., 946 Chittick, Kathryn, 2939 Christie, John S., 2486 Church, Jennifer R., 2336 Churchill, John M., 474 Ciuba, Gary, 2014 Clabough, Casey, 2547 Claridge, Henry, 114 Clark, Jim, 2434 Clark, Katherine A., 2708 Clark, Keith, 1318 Clark, William B., 1413,2652 Clarke, Deborah, 58, 312, 319, 491, 606, 716, 770, 887, 1049, 1777, 2007,2232,2374 Clarke, Graham, 1154 Clausius, Claudia, 1542 Clayton, John J., 26 11 Clewell, Tammy, 2820 Close, Steven M., 2758 Cloy, Margie, 1362 Cobb, James C., 2458 Cobb, Michael, 800 Cobb, William J., 2443 Cody, David C., 1782,2488 Coetzee, J. M., 2448 Cohen, Adam, 2592 Cohen, Philip, 223, 242, 257, 348, 371, 1352, 1764, 1977, 2073, 2127, 2148,2149,2154,2163,2164,2168,2185,2261,2344 Cohen, Tom, 1296,1304

558

Index of Critics

Cohn, Deborah, 161,925, 1840, 1974, 1985,2546,3047,3068 Cole, Hunter, 153 Coleman, James W., 2602 Collington, Philip, 966 Collins, Caroline W., 2790 Collins, Carvel, 1467 Connell, Paul R., 2727 Connolly, Thomas E., 115, 1895 Connors, Thomas, 520 Conway, Richard, 1547 Cook, Eleanor, 1180 Cooley, John, 1764 Corlew, John, 1428 Coss, David L., 1027 Costello, Brannon W., 2868 Covey, Megan, 1560 Covington, Tommy, 23 13 Cowart, David, 1150,2466,2645 Cox, James M., 1722 Cox, John D., 236 Coyle, Dennis P., 3076 Crabtree, Claire, 917, 1073, 1237 Crane, Joan St. C., 2133 Crane, John K., 2483 Craven, Roberta J., 2801 Crawford, Margo, 1010,2802 Crews, Frederick, 1730, 2226 Crider, Barbara Sue, 2677 Criess, Karen, 70 1 Crocker, Michael W., 1476 Crosby, Janice C., 1136 Crowell, Ellen, 1022 Csicsila, Joseph, 383 Cullick, Jonathan S., 907 Cunningham, J. Christopher, 9 18 Cuny, Rende R., 1535

D Dahill-Baue, William, 364 Dahl, James, 2046,2059 Dahlberg, Edward, 2603

Index of Critics Daileader, Celia R., 798 Dailey, Charlotte C., 870 Dain, Martin J., 10 1 Dale, Corinne, 1423 Dalziel, Pamela, 873 Daniel, Perky, Rev., 2278 Daniels, Lenore, 2766 Danner, Bruce, 1312 Darab, Diana, 2743 Darden, Douglas, 506 Dardis, Tom, 26 1,2076,2633 Dailfenbach, Claus, 205,2 18 Davidson, Michael, 965 Davis, David A., 2954 Davis, Sara, 1540 Davis, Thadious M., 148,330, 1224, 1270, 1294, 1877 Davis, Todd, 2343 Davis, William D., 1843 Davros, Michael, 2846 Dawson, William P., 1165 Day, Douglas, 2079 De AbruAa, Laura Niesen, 833 Deamer, Robert Glen, 1153 Dean, Morgan, 2978 Dean, Sharon L., 2476 Decker, James, 1493 Decker, Mark, 435,2997 Delay, Florence, 1810 Delgado, E. Emesto, 25 10 Delville, Michel, 5 14, 522 Denard, Carolyn, 1846 Denisova, T. N., 1738,262 1 DeSantis, Christopher C., 1032 DeShong, Scott, 612 Desmond, John F., 292,354 Desotelle, Joanne, 2678 Desvergnes, Alain, 6 Devlin, Albert J., 1159 Dews, Carlos L., 1913 D'haen, Theo, 264 1,2987 Dickerson, Mary Jane, 1198,2622 Dijkstra, Bram, 6 18

Index of Critics

Dilworth, Thomas, 1550 DiMarco, Frederick N., Jr., 2679 Dimino, Andrea, 909,9 14, 1114, 1847 Dimitri, Carl, 1129, 1340,2803 Dirks, Kima Jean, 283 1 Dobbs, Cynthia, 447, 1092,2791 Dobbs, Ricky Floyd, 380 Dodds, Richard, 2569 Dodge, Robert, 1865 Doell, Cynthia R., 2709 Donaldson, Susan V., 282, 33 1, 1037, 1184, 1763, 1824, 1852, 1866, 1911,1930,2021,2202,2288,2312,2429,2971,3045 Dondlinger, Mary Joanne, 753 Donlon, Jocelyn H., 922 Donnelly, Colleen, 478, 850 Dopico, Ana Maria, 282 1 Dore, Florence W., 659,2416,2804 Douglas, Ellen, 2502 Dowling, Gregory, 950 Doyle, Charles C., 1526 Doyle, Don H., 133, 1723,1854, 1938,2000,2013,2106,2321,2548 Doyle, Laura, 763 Draxi, I. R., 1901 Dubail, Jean, 2596 Duck, Leigh Anne, 1986,3029,3042 Duclos, Donald P., 2044,2093 Dunlap, Angela G., 2869 Dunleavy, Linda, 638, 882,2334,2728 Dunne, Robert, 87 1 Duren, William L., Jr., 2553 Dussere, Erik, 149,777,999, 1298, 1338, 1966,2792 Duvall, John, 7, 142, 357, 588, 686, 810, 832, 843, 978, 1065, 1168, 1307, 1679, 1820, 1845, 1912, 2041, 2226, 2245, 2302, 2339, 2355,2953 Duyischaever, Joris, 2 136 Dwyer, June, 1040 Dyck, Reginald, 1494

E Eagles, Brenda, 2 125 East, Charles, 2094

Index of Critics

Easton, Richard, 2464 Eastwood, D. R., 1486,1590 Eckstein, Barbara, 2253 Eddins, Dwight, 2463 Eddy, Charmaine, 648, 1308, 1449,2697 Edenfield, Olivia Carr, 969 Edinger, Catarina, 549 Edson Puopolo, Laura G., 2776 Egerton, John, 2326 Eldred, Janet C., 1063, 1474 Elliott, John, 252,287 Ellis, Nancy S., 681 Ellis, Reuben J., 476, 1880 Elmore, A. E., 273 Elmore, Owen, 2034,2854,2993 Emery, Michael J., 2234,2680 Engebretsen, Terry, 560 Ensrud, Barbara, 2566 Entzrninger, Betina, 945, 1036 Estes, Ann Marie, 1325 Etheridge, Charles L., 2664 Evans, David H., 1135, 1148, 1260,2777 Evans, Robert C., 1476 Evans, Ron, 1356 Eyster, Kevin I., 1456,2698

F Fabijancic, Tony, 1781, 1990 Fangchuan, He, 112 Fant, Gene, Jr., 308,667, 890 Fant, Joseph C., 111,2657 Fantini, Graziella, 1659 Faragnoli, A. Nicholas, 143,2944 Faris, Wendy B., 569, 1157 Farmer, Joy A., 248 1 Faulkner, Jimmy, 92, 107,2060 Faulkner, John, 107 Fayen, Tanya T., 68, 1072,2681 Feldstein, Richard, 1684 Fennell, Lee Ann, 1893 Fenrick, Michael, 802

Index of Critics

Ferguson, James, 30, 1172, 1619 Ferrer, Daniel, 836 Ferris, William, 2462, 2501 Fessenden, William E., 2682 Fichtel, Jason, 2847 Fick, Thomas, 3024 Ficken, Carl, 2241,2273 Fiedler, Leslie, 583 Filbin, Thomas, 2340 Fink, Guido, 594 Finkhouse, Joseph P., 2699 Fisher-Wirth, Ann, 1030,2506 Fitch, Brian, 557 Fitz, Earl, 20 12 FitzPatrick, Martin, 995 FitzSimmons, David S., 2855 Flannery, M. C., 1696 Fleming, John, 2557 Fleming, Robert E., 288 Florey, Kitty B., 2957 Foerst, Jenny, 83 1,2793 Foley, Barbara, 2192 Folks, Jeffiey, 5 1, 169,431,602, 780, 8 15, 1101, 1383, 1622 Folsom, Tonya R., 2974 Ford, Dan, 1193 Ford, Marilyn C., 1484 Ford, Sarah G., 2778 Forrest, Leon, 262 Forter, Gregory, 637,3046,3066,3069 Fossett, Judith J., 2972 Foster, Rue1 E., 2468,2523 Foulke, Robert, 494 Fowler, Doreen, 8, 3 1, 94, 257,274, 3 18, 348,374,460, 530, 672, 712, 723, 740, 930, 973, 992, 1199, 1239, 1376, 1583, 1818, 1853, 1969,2 181,2244,2247,2352,2386,2450,3005 Fox-Genovese, Elizabeth, 2494 Frank, Armin Paul, 170 Frazier, Charles, 2585 Freeman, John, 2438 Frey, Leonard, 4 11 Friday, Krister, 762 Friesen, Faye, 502

Index of Critics

Frisch, Mark, 341, 1678, 1807 Froehlich, Peter A., 1126, 1273,2856 Fruscione, Joseph A., 2900,2989 Frye, Allen, 735 Fuentes, Carlos, 1803, 1804 Fugard, Athol, 2560 Fujihira, Ikuko, 634, 852, 1281, 1344 Fulton, Lorie Watkins, 438, 1026, 1147, 1347, 1359,2038,3004 Funy, William, 1569 Fury, Frank P., 2917,3016

G Gable, Harvey L., Jr., 732 Gagei, Silvio, 529 Galamos, Iorgos, 463 Galloway, Patricia, 1610 Gamnel, Irene, 682 Gannon, Charles E., 2794 Gantt, Patricia, 1831 Garcia Landa, J o d Angel, 464 Garcia Mainar, Luis M., 404 Garcia Mkquez, Gabriel, 2478 Gardner, Pat, 2460,2744 Garfield, Deborah M., 2700 Garnier, Caroline P., 2848 Garrett, George, 1429,2050,26 19 Gartner, Carol B., 1580 Gault, Cinda, 2960 Gay, Richard, 837 Gaylord, Joshua, 828,2822 Geher, Istvan, 1532 Gennaro Lerda, Valeria, 52 Geoffioy, Alain, 875, 1517 Geoffroy-Tribak, Nabila, 1217 Georgoudaki, Ekaterini, 2 158 Gerend, Sarah E., 2870 Gerlach, John, 104 1 Getty, Laura J., 1562 Gibbs, Jennifer, 774 Gibson, Miles R., 290 1 Giddings, Greg, 2967

Index of Critics

Giles, Ronald K., 1503 Gillespie, Michael P., 2636 Gillis, Bill R., 2345 Gillis, Mary P., 21 16,2849 Ginds, Montserrat, 1266, 1784, 1918 Gingerich, Stephen D., 2823 Girard, Linda A., 2857 Giullermin, George, 2650 Glaap, Albert-Reiner, 1867 Glover, Michael, 2267 Gobble, Mary Anne, 1053 Godden, Richard, 95, 280, 300, 876, 894, 897,931, 1082, 1131, 1137, 1142, 1155, 1235, 1288, 1396, 1478, 1668, 1999, 2945, 2994, 3000,3002,3009,3033 Goellner, Ellen, 706 Golay, Michael, 143 Gold, Eva, 3024 Gold, Lael J., 2871,3062 Goldberg, Wendy Fay, 2767 Golden, Kenneth L., 891 Goldstein, Laurence, 2428 Goldstein, Philip, 1025 Gomes, Heloisa T., 96 1 Gordon, Debra, 2 115 Gordon, Maggie, 660 Gordon-Dueck, Julie, 759 Graff, Agnieszka, 1965 Graham, Jean E., 1316 Grant, Rosemary B., 1236 Gray, Duncan M., Jr., 1934 Gray, Michael P., 2872 Gray, Paul, 2 108 Gray, Richard, 59, 188, 211, 235, 313, 508, 607, 631, 717, 818, 888, 924,1044, 1077,1113,1202,1242,1323, 1355, 1371,1393, 1406, 1415, 1458, 1653, 1743, 1766, 1794, 1814,2075,2361,2653 Green, A. Wigfall, 2094 Green, Jared F., 787 Greenham, David, 953 Gresset, Michel, 75, 125, 154,619,624, 1128, 1139, 1343, 1648, 1759, 1802, 1823 Griffin, Paul F., 1507 Griffiths, Jacqui, 432

Index of Critics

Grimes, Christopher, 2593 Grimshaw, James A., 2499 Grmela, Josef, 1753 Grover, Donna F., 2873 Guilds, John C., 960 Guillain, Aurdlie, 629, 1498 Guillemin-Flescher, Jacqueline, 408 Gunn, Giles, 267 Gunter, Susan, 830 Gurung, Jeevan, 2959 Gussow, Adam, 306 1 Gussow, Mel, 2580 Gutting, Gabriele, 43, 1718, 1739 Guttman, Sondra, 652,2805 Gwin, Minrose, 9, 209, 215, 260, 844, 1023, 1066, 1222, 1665, 1671, 1680, 1931,2329 Gwynn, Frederick L., 69

H Hagood, Taylor, 829,987, 1309,2040,2453,2902,3032,3074 Hahn, Stephen, 76, 134,344,425, 1510, 1571, 1836,2093,2413 Hale, Dorothy J., 2683 Hale, Grace E., 2120,3034 Hamblin, Robert W., 29, 116, 134, 150, 158, 391, 886, 910, 1336, 1606, 1641, 1658, 1728, 1813, 1909, 1914, 1934, 1988, 2173, 2 174,2233,2293 Hanaoka, Shigeru, 1655,2228 Handley, George B., 967, 1991,2654 Haney, Sonja R., 2710 Hanley, Lawrence F., 2638 Hannah, Barry, 25 18,2642 Hannon, Charles, 171,926, 1031, 1061, 1070, 1146, 1328, 1361, 1997, 2509,2745 Hanson, Philip J., 326, 503,2729 Hardin, Michael, 5 15 Hardy, Sarah B., 2730 Hargreaves, Linda S., 2 167 Hargrove, Nancy D., 1647 Harmon, Maryhelen C., 1549 Marrington, Evans, 44, 1707,2222 Harrington, Gary, 10, 184,201, 81 1, 816, 1067, 1385,2958

Index of Critics

Harris, Laurie L., 2606 Harris, Paul A,, 1201,2684 Harris, William, 2013 Harrison, Elizabeth J., 2612 Harrison, Suzan, 2544 Hart, JohnD., 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 585, 586, 1038, 1107, 1455, 1617,1618 Hartley, Christine S., 2379 Harvey, Cathy C., 2196, 2214,2223,2230, 2341 Hasegawa, Yoshio, 756, 1578 Hasratian, Avak, 2968 Hassan, Ihab, 1975 Hattenhauer, Darryl, 507 Hatziconstantinou, Iorgos, 2685 Hauser, Byron C., 2701 Hayase, Hironori, 372,465,498, 839, 1779, 1907 Hayes, Elizabeth, 489 Haynes, Jane Isbell, 45, 1108,2067 Hays, Peter, 423,535,727 Heaman, Patricia B., 566 Hearn, Pamela, 2495 Heffernan, James A. W., 1512 Heginbotham, Eleanor, 1464 Hein, David, 453 Heller, Stephen B., 528 Heller, Terry, 2932 Hen, Judy, 1262 Hendricks, David, 2444 Hendricks, William O., 2270 Hengshan, Jin, 537 Henninger, Katherine, 1834, 3053 Herget, Winifried, 1748 Herman, Rebecca B., 2276 Hernandez, Maria del Carmen, 1805 Hewson, Marc, 550 Heyde, William A., 1291 Hickman, Lisa C., 176, 1967,2074,2105,2107, 2124,2858 Hicks, Gina L., 923 Hicks, Heather J., 781, 2543 Hicks, James M., 271 1 Hilton, Sylvia L., 2142 Hines, Janmarie B., 2665

Index of Critics

Hines, Thomas S., 77, 1826 Hinkle, James C., 70, 1047 Hinrichsen, Lisa, 668 Hiraishi, Takaki, 1282,249 1 Hiratsuka, Hiroko, 1408 Hite, Molly, 991 Hlavina, Ivo, 302 Hlavsa, Virginia V., 32,691,693,709 Ho, Wen-ching, 1183, 1520 Hobson, Fred, 151, 1002,2474,2475,2613 Hochbruck, Wolfgang, 1051 Hoffmann, Gerhard, 1123, 1251,2624 Hogan, Michael, 937 Holditch, W. Kenneth, 820, 1074, 1733,2090,2099 Holland, Sharon P., 24 10 Holland-Toll, Linda J., 1884 Holloway, Karla F. C., 533 Holmes, Catherine D., 78, 1119,2746 Holton, Robert, 892 Holtz, Daniel J., 356 Holtman, Toby, 2 126 Hong, Hu, 536 Htjnnighausen, Lothar, 52, 96, 226, 238, 375, 932, 975, 1117, 1122, 1305, 1399, 1469, 1602, 1630, 1642, 1703, 1714, 1842, 1859, 1868, 1878, 1897, 1922, 1941,2933,3046 Hook, Andrew, 1419, 1596 Horn, Jason, 2387,2447 Horsford, Howard, 1600 Horton, Merrill, 79,430, 1130, 1407, 1440, 1994,2759 Hostetler, Ann Elizabeth, 2768 Houssaye, Jeanne de la, 266 1 Howorth, Richard, 1934,2 114 Hulsey, Dallas, 1358 Humphries, Jefferson, 11 Hurst, Mary Jane, 1575 Hustis, Harriet, 526, 546 Hwang, Eunju, 29 18

I Ickstadt, Heinz, 743 Ideo, Yasuko, 819, 1118, 1370

568

Index of Critics

Inge, Donhria R. C., 2659 Inge, M. Thomas, 46, 71, 108, 112, 117, 177, 561, 665, 1459, 1693, 1734, 1749, 1873, 2048, 2085, 2123, 2128, 2139, 2145, 2152, 2184,2388,2400,2487,2492,2607,2631,2659 Ingersoll, Earl G., 1445 Inscoe, John C., 1521,2201 Irmick, Kristine, 803 Irmscher, Christoph, 94 1,2381 Irwin, John T., 80,600, 1351,1928,2095,2473 Itani, Suad M., 2747

J Jackson, Chuck, 807 Jackson, Robert, 3034 Jackson, Tommie Lee, 178,577,804, 1033, 1452,2036 James, Jamie, 1908 James, Pearl, 2955 Jamieson, Marguerite, 2507 Jarraway, David R., 747 Jarvis, Christina, 647 Jebb, John F., 2686 Jehlen, Myra, 1132,2 197 Jenkins, Lee, 721 Jensen, Arnold, 2097 Jensen, Marianne, 2097 Jeon, Joseph J., 2832 Jester, Art, 2582 Jianhua, Liu, 948 Jie, Tao, 112, 1329,2137 Johns, John Adam, 29 19 Johnson, Bettina N., 2779 Johnson, Bradley, 1054,1523 Johnson, Bruce G., 1614 Johnson, Dane, 1019,2731 Johnson, David, 2406 Johnson, Rheta G., 2587 Joiner, Jennie, 30 19 Joiner, Thomas E., Jr., 446 Jones, Anne Goodwyn, 1064, 1624, 1772, 1796, 1855, 2323, 2639, 2643,3017 Jones, Diane Brown, 60,2712

Index of Critics

Jones, George Fenwick, 436 Jones, Jill, 988 Jones, Norman W., 1009 Jowise, Christopher, 688 Joyner, Charles, 947 Justus, James H., 1681,2199

K Kaelin, E. F., 532 Kajs, Rebecca, 2507 Kamps, Ivo, 304 Kang, Hee, 1414,1451,2713 Karaganis, Joe, 1892 Karem, Jeff, 1996 Kartiganer, Donald M., 61, 72, 81, 82, 97, 118, 119, 126, 150, 163, 299, 473, 540, 722, 1345, 1565, 1889, 1934, 2005, 2195, 2389, 2398,2963 Kaufinann, Michael, 497,2269 Kavaloski, Joshua, 2874 Kawin, Bruce, 1660,1688 Kazin, Alfred, 1704, 1841,2522 Keane-Temple, Rebecca, 644 Keating, Bern, 1 Keener, Joseph B., 2903 Kelly, S., 1650 Kelly, Sean, 1982,2833 Kelly, Teresa B., 2093 Kendig, L. Tamara, 2795 Kennedy, Richard S., 2648 Kennedy, William, 397 Kesterson, David, 2476 Khailova, Ladislava, 2875 Kharbutli, Mahmoud, 1513 Khayat, Robert C., 1934 Kidd, Millie M., 1109 Kim, Yongsoo, 4 15,2834 Kimura, Akio, 1431,2876 Kincaid, Nancy, 5 11 King, Richard H., 1162, 1706,1793,2299 King, Sally W., 2 122 King, Vincent A., 1087,2963

570

Index of Critics

Kinney, Arthur F., 12, 76, 83, 84, 344, 1158, 1225, 1256, 1272, 1603, 1607, 1640, 1764, 2045, 2055, 2072, 2077, 2093, 2229, 2254, 2274,2290,2300,2301,2331,2472,2996,3037 Kirby, David, 23 10,2440,2504 Kirchdorfer, Ulf, 366, 593,724,757,2349 Kiss, Zsurzsanna, 343 Klein, Thomas, 3023 Kleppe, Sandra Lee, 1197,1231, 1244, 1302 Knepper, Steve, 1313 Knighton, Mary Alice, 2859 Knights, Pamela E., 581, 595, 1764,2183 Knonagel, Axel, 822 Kobayasi, Masaomi, 2860 Kobler, J. F., 2476 Koc, Barbara, 954 Koch, Marcus, 2024 Kodat, Catherine G., 938, 1397, 1839,2018,2422,2991,3003, 3049 Kolmerten, Carol A., 98 Koloze, Jeff, 1100 Koon, Bill, 2023 Koreneva, Maya, 2 160 Kowalewski, Michael, 1742 Koyama, Toshio, 206,1736, 1765,1964,2282 Krason, Tim, 796 Kratter, Matthew R., 2824 Krause, David, 2127 Kreiswirth, Martin, 993, 1827,2376, 2972 Kreyling, Michael, 1879, 1983,223 1,23 19,2482 Kriewald, Gary L., 1558 Kumar, Kavita, 2 189 Kummings, Donald D., 2252 Kundu, Rama, 399 Kuo, Alex, 3 85 Kutzinski, Vera M., 998, 1339 Kuwabara, Toshiro, 1188 Kuyk, Dirk, Jr., 13, 84 Kwasny, Andrea D., 2714

L Labatt, Blair, 172, 1145, 141 1, 1418, 1637,2028 Labor, Earle, 2287,2328

Index of Critics

57 1

Labriolle, Jacqueline, 1810 Lackey, Michael, 80 1 Ladd, Barbara, 85, 896, 912, 1191, 1208, 1378, 1984, 2383, 2946, 2964,2990,30 10 Lahey, Michael, 1285, 1354, 1508, 1587, 1762, 1829,2769 LaHood, Marvin J., 2399 LaLonde, Christopher A., 86, 212, 523, 616, 702, 728, 754, 1373, 1380,1649 Landon, George P., 2469 Lane-Mercier, Gillian, 1115 Lang, Sheau-Dong, 1552 La Rose, John S., 2825 Latham, Sean, 956,3041 Lavie, Marie-Josd, 2655 Lawrence, Keith, 1381 Lawson, Benjamin S., 1292 Lawson, Lewis, 2474 Leach, Elsie, 848 Leader, Zachary, 2333 Lears, T. J. Jackson, 3054 Le Coeur, Jo, 429,908 Lee, A. Robert, 14,263 Lee, JenC, 242 1 Lee, Kyeong-Hwa, 2877 Lee, Kyhan, 899 Lee, Myungho, 1017,2835 Lessig, Matthew, 1489 Lester, Cheryl, 333, 575, 1084, 1976,2364, 3038 Leupin, Alexandre, 84 1 Levinger, Lany, 1915 Levitsky, Holli G., 1112, 1444,2702 Leyda, Julia, 548,2962 Li, Stephanie, 1334,2980 Liao, Caisheng, 2748 Liau, Agnes Wei Lin, 392 Lidsey, William D., 855 Lidnard, Marie, 547,1887,2360,2770,3075 Liman, John, 567 Lind, Ilse D., 1586, 1746 Lindholm, Howard, 2836 Linitz, Joseph M., 2920 Linnemann, Amy E. C., 977,2 185

Index of Critics

Lippman, Carlee, 598 Little, Anne C., 1405 Little, Robert Ashford, 2539 Liu, Jianbo, 386,440 Liu, Jun, 355,916,2715 Liu, Li-Hsion, 292 1 Liu, Sarah, 538,2826 Liu, Xian, 1207, 2716 Llewellyn, Dara, 1229,27 17 Lockyer, Judith, 33,229,276,480, 1173, 1700, 1830 Loebel, Thomas, 970 Loges, Max L., 1485 Lohse, Rolf, 170,450 Loichot, Valerie, 782 Lombardo, Agostino, 34, 228 Long, Adam, 2973 Long, Kim Martin, 1295, 1727 Longe, Laurel, 760 Longenbach, John, 1206 Lbpez, Alfred J., 805 Lopez, Esther M., 2904 L6pez-Aguado, Susan, 2780 Lothe, Jakob, 1626 Love, Tamsen Douglas, 336,2503 Lowe, John, 556, 1043,2002,2431,2537 Lowe-Evans, Mary, 835 Lowry, Beverly, 2586 Loyd, Dennis, 2403 Lucas, Teri, 23 1 Luce, Dianne C., 15,468,1858 Lucero, Jessica, 3073 Lundin, Roger, 2204 Lupack, Alan, 1903 Lupack, Barbara T., 1903 Lurie, Peter, 155,669, 786, 986, 1095,2009,2022,2180, 2837, 2969 Lutz, John, 758, 1138 Lyday, Lance, 582,2284 Lynch, Jacquelyn Scott, 194 Lynch, Michael S., 985 Lyons, David, 23 11

Index of Critics

M MiiM, Simo K., 439 Machelland, Jackie, 869 Machinek, Anna, 579, 1685 MacKethan, Lucinda H., 1247,2656 Mackinnon, Lachlan, 2227 MacMillan, Claudia E., 2850 Madden, David, 584,1013 Maier, Kevin, 2922 Makowsky, Veronica, 1001, 1054,2342 Makward, Christiana P., 492 Mallios, Peter L., 1615 Malone, Edward A., 1676 Mamoli Zorzi, Rosella, 113, 127, 1287, 1646, 1945,2 156,2625 Mandal, Somdatta, 119, 156, 1657 Manella, Concha, 976,2 157 Marano, Salvatore, 1357 Marius, Richard, 179 Mark, Rebecca, 1995 Marovitz, Sanford E., 1398 Mhrquez, Antonio C., 1808 Marshall, Alexander J., 1708,2140,2141,2143,2666 Marshall-Keim, Tamara, 2404 Martin, Gretchen, 298 1 Martin, Jay, 1774 Martin, Matthew R., 2749 Martin, Reginald, 1468 Martin, Robert A., 403 Martin, Robert K., 955 Martin, Terence, 1209 Martin, W. R., 1149 Martino, Mirella, 1169 Masiero Marcolin, Pia, 127, 1268, 1286, 1496, 1588, 1599,2161 Mason, Nathalie, 630 Massender, James, 635 Massey, Kelvin, 539 Maszewska, Jadwiga, 879 Materassi, Mario, 409,654, 11 11, 1715 Matsuoka, Shinya, 434, 1968 Matthews, Bobby Lynn, 2703

574

Index of Critics

Matthews, John T., 35, 195,277, 360,407,490,790, 808, 1020, 1220, 1570,1620, 1725, 1755,1789,1856,225 1 Maver, Igor, 1752 May, Charles R., 1538 May, Rachel, 1838 Mayer, Kurt A., 2521 McAllister, Edwin J., 690 McCann, Barry R., 505 McCoy, Robert, 70,1047 McDaniel, Linda Elkins, 36,227,2667 McDermott, John A., 3077 McDonald, Hal, 255,643, 1492 McDonald, Heather, 2632 McDowell Cook, Ruth, 30 13 McGany, Eugene P., 2781 McGinnis, Adelaide P., 2975 McGurl, Mark, 3026 McHaney, Pearl, 1851,2 151 McHaney, Thomas L., 99, 128, 186,2 16,220, 707, 1311, 1497, 1937, 1942,2016,2100,2150,2259,2305,2397,3043 McHugh, Patrick, 1071, 1088 McKee, Kathryn B., 1958 McKee, Patricia, 120,400,486, 750 McKenzie, Marilyn M., 2435 McKinley, Gena, 738 McLean, Clara D., 2838 McMaster, Marian B., 1080 McMillen, Neil R., 2064 McNeil, Brian A., 2878 Medoro, Dana, 144,414,772,989,2806 Meeter, Glen, 856, 1210, 1833 Meindl, Dieter, 8 14, 1566, 1949 Meixner, Linda L., 27 18 Mellard, James M., 322,5 19, 1799,2322 Melnikoff, Kirk, 243 Meriwether, James B., 45, 1662 Merrill, Robert, 509 Merrim, Stephanie, 1018 Mesquita, Paula E., 666, 1012,2455 Messer, H. C., 3007 Messmer, Marietta, 799 Messud, Clare, 2576,2583

Index of Critics

Metress, Christopher, 268,2634 Metz, Walter, 396 Mewshaw, Michael, 2553 Meyer, William E. H., 1234, 1783, 1801, 1872 Michaels, Walter Benn, 1000,2467 Michel, Frann, 199, 1776 Michels, John D., 2760 Miles, Caroline, 73 1, 1488, 245 1 Milich, Zorka, 2668 Miller, Irene R., 2750 Miller, J. Hillis, 903 Miller, Nathaniel A., 449 Millgate, Michael, 100, 597, 1662, 1860, 1924,2442 Millington, Mark, 145 Minghan, Xiao, 949 Minnick, Cheryl, 2 144 Minter, David, 62, 135,266, 3 15,421, 661, 764, 974, 98 1, 1245, 1499, 1768,1962,2248,2324 Mistichelli, William J., 1105 Mitsch, Ruthmarie H., 25 16 Monroe, Nancy, 736 Monteiro, George, 1567,2006,2 130 Montes, Catalina, 3008 Montgomery, Amy B., 2126 Montgomery, Marion, 2608 Moore, Gene M., 622, 1227, 1530, 1553, 1604, 1612, 1698, 1935, 1979,2370,3025 Moore, Kathleen, 412 Moreland, Richard C., 16, 846, 1106, 1163, 1326, 1333, 1363, 1454, 1471,1787,2297,2394,2947 Morell, Giliane, 632 Morgan, Charles B., 775 Morimoto, Shin'ichi, 2637 Morris, Christopher, 2639 Morris, Mark, 1812,2505 Morris, Wesley, 1324,240 1 Morrison, Tony, 2620 Morrow, Patrick D., 284 Mortimer, Gail L., 614, 1133, 1480,1483, 1666, 1740,2304 Morton, Clay, 1563 Morton, Doris B., 2719 Moser, Thomas C., 32 1

Index of Critics

Moss, William, 1874 Motomura, Koji, 244 Mottram, Eric, 1683 Moulinoux, Nicole, 66, 125, 166,610, 621, 1284, 1717, 1745 Muhlenfeld, Elisabeth, 1160 Mukherjee, Tutun, 1898 Mukhopadhay, Manisha, 749 Mullen, R. D., 2052,2235 Mullis, Angela R., 2905 Murakami, Y osuke, 7 15 Murphy, Sarah, 2923 Murray, Albert, 1933 Muscio, Giuliana, 655

N Nabokov, Vladimir, 1676 Nagahata, Akitoshi, 1545 Naiqiang, Yao, 193 Narcisi, Lara, 571, 2906 Nash, Charles C., 1391 Nayar, Pramod K., 1331 Nelson, Lisa K., 784 Neumann, Claus-Peter, 755 Newhouse, Wade, 1062,2879 Newman, David, 1800 Nichol, Frances L., 1434,2732 Nichols, Dana, 2924 Nicolaisen, Peter, 1046, 1127, 1271, 1388, 1482, 1737, 1747, 1955, 2 162,2279 Nielsen, Paul S., 496,689 Nishioka, Yoshifumi, 1375 Nitschke, Marie, 455 Nkosi, Lewis, 457 Norton, Karol Eugene, 2687 Nosek, Janet, 129 Nothstein, Todd W., 2907 Noto, Lee Ellen, 2807 Novak, Phillip, 368, 939,2771 Niissler, Ulrike, 38 1 Nwosu, Maik, 2908

Index of Critics

0 O'Brien, Michael, 2203 0'Bryan-Knight, Jean, 1544 O'Donnell, Heather, 1885 O'Donnell, Patrick, 487, 1195, 1788, 1849, 1987,3048 O'Neill, Peter, 28 1 O'Rourke, Meghan, 2597 Oakley, Helen, 145, 541,990, 1557, 1972,2011 Ohrnine, Haruko, 85 1 Okada, Yayoi, 768 Oliveira, Celso de, 1756 Oliveira, Ubiratan Paiva de, 705 Oliver, Charles M., 2 198 Onetti, Juan Carlos, 1811 Ono, Kiyoyuki, 1539, 1883 Organ, Dennis, 1059 Oriard, Michael, 1701 Ortells Mont6n, Elena, 426 Orvell, Miles, 3052 Overall, Keri L., 2839 Owada, Eiko, 2808 Ownby, Ted, 1432 Ozdemir, Ering, 12 15

P Pacht, Michelle, 2909 Paddock, Lisa, 130, 1635 Padgett, John B., 2423,2426,2880 Padilla, Mario R., 2733 Page, Philip, 2384 Palmer, Louis H., 1278,2042 Paradiso, Sharon, 1443,2020,2861 Parasuram, Laxmi, 1900 Parini, Jay, 157,245,441, 1014, 1310, 1447,2119,2999,3069 Parker, Jo Alyson, 927 Parker, Robert Dale, 37,345,394,628,859, 1609, 1821,2314,2976 Patterson, Laura S., 658 Paul, Somnath, 563 PavliC, Ed, 1950 Payne, Ladell, 2135 Peake, C. H., 484

578

Index of Critics

Pearce, Richard, 38,692,863,2266 Pearson, Michael, 2054 Pedersen, Martin, 1634 Peek, Charles A., 116, 129, 158, 351, 502, 543, 552, 1264, 1265, 1584, 1585, 1672,2032,2173,2 186,241 1,2551 Pellbn, Gustavo, 2498 Peppers, Cathy, 7 11 Perciali, Irene, 29 10 Perosa, Sergio, 109, 1940 Peny, J. Douglas, 65 1 Peters, John G., 1214, 1300 Peters, Renate, 2470 Peterson, Christopher, 2977 Petillon, Pierre-Yves, 1939 Petrillo, Marion B., 2688 Petry, Alice H., 2938 Pettey, Homer B., 564 Pfeiffer, Kathy, 2452 Phillips, Caryl, 2390 Phillips, Gene D., 650 Phillips, K. J., 809 Phillips, Robert, 246 1 Piglia, Ricardo, 1805 Pinsker, Sanford, 1721,2191,2459 Pitavy, Franqois, 125,626, 1086, 1093, 1713, 1757,2030,2155 Pitavy-Souques, Daniele, 1341 Pittman, Barbara, 1623 Pivano, Fernando, 1710,2092 Pluyaut, Edwige, 1595 Poland, Tim, 477,872 Polchin, James, 615 Polk, Noel, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 53, 87, 88, 153, 159, 198, 297, 301, 361, 585, 586, 623,980,996, 1038, 1107, 1121, 1204, 1257, 1288, 1394, 1400, 1409, 1441, 1455, 1617, 1618, 1719, 1815, 1819, 1906, 1920, 1923, 1943, 2064, 2212, 2396, 3021, 3031, 3058,3063,3070 Polsgrove, Carol, 2 110 Poole, Michael B., 2454 PopiSil, TomBS, 1342 Portelli, Alessandro, 1267, 1716 Porter, Carolyn, 902,972, 1773,2948 Porter, Eleanor, 1254

Index of Critics

579

Porter, Kevin J., 335 Pothier, Jacques, 1124, 1134, 1139, 1141, 1594, 1758, 1809, 1870, 1948,3001 Potter, George, 792 Potts, Donna L., 323 Potts, Georgiann, 462 Potts, James B., 1953 Powell, Brittany R., 30 12 Powell, Janice A., 1543 Prajznerova, Katefina, 24 1 Pratt, William, 205 1,2 132 Prego, Omar, 18 1 1 Prenshaw, Peggy W., 2008 Prewitt, Wiley C., 1261 Pritchard, William H., 22 18,2436 Proctor, Minna, 2542 Puchek, Peter, 742 Pullin, Faith, 1682 Pyron, Mark, 387

Q

Quarnrnen, D., 25 17 Queneau, Raymond, 2 19 Quick, Jonathan, 1052, 1905 Quinlan, Kieran, 22 19

R Radloff, Bernhard, 1674 Rado, Lisa, 208, 1919,275 1 Ragan, David Paul, 39, 858 Railey, Kevin, 121, 293, 544, 640, 868, 959, 1436, 1463, 1896, 2033, 2 177,2689,2956 Railton, Ben, 997 Ramke, Bin, 1692 Ramsey, Allen, 1572 Ramsey, D. Matthew, 657, 1515, 1591,2176,2851,3022 Rankin, Thomas, 101,2082 Raschke, Deborah, 2 178 Read, Rupert, 444 Reames, Kelly L., 1377 Reesman, Jeanne Campbell, 40,862, 1174

Index of Critics

Regiosa, Carlos G., 25 11 Reichardt, Ulfried, 778, 942 Reid, Gregory, 275 Reid, Panthea, 359, 1667, 1825, 1890,2291,2368,2377 Reinhardt, Steven G., 2639 Rhodes, Karen, 1613 Rhodes, Pamela E., 2940 Ricciardi, Caterina, 1319 Rice, Anne P., 291 1 Richards, Diane L., 2782 Richardson, Daniel C., 1097,2 165,288 1 Riese, Utz, 878 Ringle, Ken, 2579,2598 Rio-Jelliffe, R., 136,424,55 1,765,982, 1055, 1274, 1477, 1963 Rippletoe, Rita, 554 Rizzo, Patricia T., 1551 Roberts, Diane, 63,314, 578,718, 889, 1042, 1078, 1205, 1372, 1430, 1437,1771,2362,2941 Roberts, Robert J., 455 Robertson, Alice, 1495, 1564,3024 Robertson, Jan H., 269 Robinson, David W., 1177 Robinson, Owen, 180, 248, 459, 576, 677, 776, 1034, 1314, 1442, 1446,2037,2449,3036 Rodgers, Lawrence R., 1537 Rodman, Isaac, 1531 Rogalus, Paul, 1505 Rogers, David, 1039, 1438, 1767, 1822, 1881,2704 Rogers, Gary W., 1196,2286,2734 Rogers, Franklin R., 860 Rogers, Mary Ann, 860 Roggenbuck, Ted, 454 Rollyson, Carl, 110 Romine, Scott, 75 1 Rommel, Lylas D., 2882 Roper, Anne, 2589 Roper, Gene, Jr., 2069,2485 Rose, Christopher, 2577 Rose, Julie, 2809 Rosenberg, Saul J., 2735 Rosenthal, M. L., 461 Rosha, Rekha, 2925

Index of Critics

58 1

Ross, Patricia A., 2883 Ross, Stephen M., 88, 98, 361, 420, 1194, 2206, 2268, 2271, 2289, 2330,2354,2385 Rota, Charles D., 2720 Rovit, Earl, 173 Rowe, John Carlos, 1211,1248,2984 Rozga, Margaret, 1102 Rubeo, Ugo, 483,95 1 Rubin, Louis D., Jr., 904, 1690,2614 Rubinstein, Roberta, 936 Ruckel, Terri S., 2926 Rueckert, William H., 160, 246, 443, 568, 670, 785, 826, 1015, 1057, 1098,1144,1303, 1346,1360,1382, 1401,1448, 1466 Ruiter, David, 794 Ruland, Richard, 1702 Ruppersburg, Hugh M., 64,719,2240,2265 Russell, Fielding D., 111, 52 1 Ryan, Heberden W., 874 Ryan, Marie-Laure, 290

S Saad, Gabriel, 1806 Saer, Juan JosB, 620, 1806 Saikku, Mikko, 203 1 Salda, Michael N., 1651 Saldivar, Rambn, 901 Salisbury, Luke, 2578 Salmon, Webb, 1151 Samway, Patrick, S.J., 154, 470, 495, 542, 1263, 1343, 1364, 1518, 1910,2117,2272,2306,2320 Sargent, Andrew F., 2912 Sasaki, Fumio, 2087 Sass, Karen R., 479, 1103,2690 Sassoubre, Ticien, 2998 Saunders, Rebecca, 92 1,2752 Saur, Pamela S., 1479 Sautter, Sabine, 28 10 Savolainen, Matti, 2 159 Sayre, Robert W., 161 1, 1621, 1628, 1631 Scales, Laura T., 2927 Schafer, William, 599, 1349

Index of Critics

Scheel, Kathryn M., 646 Scherer, Olga, 842 Schlabach, Kyle, 562 Schlosser, Hermann, 1751 Schmidt, Peter, 26 17 Schmitz, Neil, 1327,2446 Schoenberg, Estella, 2243, 2275 Scholtmeijer, Marian, 1189 Schreiber, Evelyn Jaffe, 137,793, 1232, 1249, 1335, 1337, 1427,3014 Schreiner, Christopher S., 1068 Schroeder, Alan, 25 14 Schwab, Gabriele, 467 Schwab, Milinda, 1528 Schwartz, Amy, 2574 Schwartz, Larry, 1970 Schwartz, Richard A., 895 Schyfter, Sara E., 2935 Sciolino, Martina, 253 Scoblionko, Andrew, 185 Seaber, K. Ruth, 565 Secco, Anna, 1608 Sedore, Timothy, 1981 See, Sarita, 1007 Seed, David, 589 Sengupta, Ashis, 398 Sensibar, Judith L., 1223, 1687, 1894, 2089, 2101, 2216, 2257, 2295, 2937,3059 Sequeira, Isaac, 1332 Serrai, Roberto, 1633 Shackelford, Dean, 2366 Shaiman, Jennifer M., 2884 Shales, Tom, 2571 Shao, Bing, 320 Shao, Jindi, 791 Sharpe, Peter, 1058 Shaw, Denise R., 2885 Shawcross, John T., 342 Sheehy, John H., 2783 Sherman, David, 29 13 Shida, Zhu, 2649 Shiffman, Smadar, 1786 Shih, Shu-Mei, 293 1

Index of Critics

Shin, Myoung Ah, 27 1,2669 Shivers, Forrest, 2047 Short, Hugh, 1481,2753 Sifert, Kristen, 2796 Sills, Caryl K., 795 Simas, Rosa, 865,2691 Simmons, T. E., 2539 Simpson, Lewis P., 86 1,15 14,2604,2627 Simpson-Voss, Mark, 979 Sims, Robert L., 2478 Singal, Daniel J., 102, 191, 217, 239, 376, 531, 642, 741, 933, 1050, 1083, 1125, 1240, 1433,1656,2213 Singley, Allison C., 2886 Sinha, Amitabha, 1462 Sivils, Matthew Wynn, 679, 3027 Skaggs, Merrill M., 213,384,2004,2949,3078 Skei, Hans H., 103, 122, 1143, 1258, 1487, 1501, 1511, 1516, 1519, 1522, 1548, 1573, 1582, 1597, 1598, 1605, 1632, 1664, 1712, 1926, 1954,2992,3020,3056 Skidmore, Dorothy, 1179 Skinfill, Mauri, 898, 1120, 14 12,28 11 Skinner, John L., 2934 Skirry, Justin, 427 Skredsvig, Kari Meyers, 1546 Skube, Michael, 2562,2570 Slaby, Robert M., 1576 Slater, Tracy L., 28 12 Slaughter, Carolyn, 847,2249 Slovic, Scott, 2660 Smith, Beverly, 884 Smith, David Lionel, 2628 Smith, Geoffrey D., 2367 Smith, Jon, 161, 1435,301 1 Smith, Libby, 2591 Smith, Lindsay C., 2928 Snell, Susan, 2055 Sniderman, Stephen L., 1556 Somers, Jeanne M., 2813 Sommers, Pamela, 2568 Sowder, William J., 41, 249, 278, 481, 694, 864, 1069, 1175, 1320, 1389,1421 Speirs, Kenneth, 1490

Index of Critics

Spencer, Elizabeth, 246 1,2508 Spikes, Michael P., 1187 Spillers, Hortense J., 4 19, 20 17 Spoth, Daniel, 2983 Sprich, Robert, 378 Srikanth, Rajini, 1832 St. Clair, Janet, 264 Stack, Mildred, 2670 Stanchich, Maritza, 9 19 Stecopoulos, Hany, 24 15 Stephens, Marflo, 2553 Stephens, Robert O.,900 Stephenson, Shelby, 285 Stetsenko, Katerina, 1750 Stewart, George G., 1886 Stewart, Mary Campbell, 2013 Stock, R. D., 1670 Stoicheff, Peter, 295 Stone, Emily, 2094 Stonum, Gary Lee, 2237 Storhoff, Gary, 365,370,389 Strandberg, Victor, 244 1 Strauss, Harvey S., 293 7 Strawn, John R., 2814 Street, Anna J., 4 I7 Stringer, Dorothy, 788,2862 Stroble, Woodrow, 9 15 Strong, Amy Lovell, 604 Strout, Cushinh, 13 17 Sugaman, Helen Lynne, 744 Sugimori, Masami, 1348 Sugiura, Etsuko, 2283 Sullivan, M. Nell, 733 Summersgill, Travis, 2 121 Sutton, Brian, 1506 Suwabe, Koiche, 162,2 172,2887 Svendsen, Kathleen S., 2961 Swanson, Doug J., 2573 Sweet, Charlotte, 3024 Swisher, Clarice, 1 1 1 Sykes, John D., 1663, 1861

Index of Critics

T Takada, Shuhei, 885 Takahashi, Hiroshi, 1654 Tanaka, Takako, 234,605 Tanner, Laura E., 591,2224,2246 Tanyol, Denise, 1085 Tate, James, 2456 Taylor, Henry, 2346 Taylor, Herman E., 24 Taylor, Nancy Dew, 65, 1166, 1203,2692 Taylor, Robert, 2380 Taylor, Walter, 350 Tebbetts, Terrell, 327, 329, 353, 475, 545, 608, 664, 1276, 1961, 2179, 2549,2552 Terasawa, Mizuko, 152,433,663,779, 1989 Thielemans, John, 1387 Thomas, Calvin, 2382 Thomas, Dora J., 2761 Thomas, M. Wynn, 2 193 Thomas, William, 2325 Thompson, Carlyle Van, 2784 Thorsell, Martha Dahlgren, 379 Thurman, Susan E., 2693 Tichi, Cecilia, 1099 Tidey, Ashley T., 2772 Tietz, Stephen, 1555 Timms, David, 687 Tinker, Nathan P., 50 1 Tinnie, Wallis W., 2785 Toker, Leona, 1577 Tokizane, Sanae, 289 Toms, Stephan R., 23 17,2786 Toolan, Michael J., 25, 1156 Toombs, Veronica M., 6 11 Toomey, David M., 683,698,2797 Town, Carin J., 1 177 Towner, Daniel, 2053 Towner, Theresa M., 131, 181, 534, 1379, 1403, 1410, 1439, 1460, 1638, 1639, 1882, 1904, 1916, 2035, 2102, 2175, 2220, 2357, 2425,2430,2432,2694,3072 Townsend, June, 2736

586

Index of Critics

Tbyama, Kiyoko M., 138,422,553,767,824,983,1091,1395 Trautman, Andrea D., 2863 Tredell, Nicolas, 123,402 Trefzer, Annette, 1616,2721 Tribak, Mabila, 1192 Tromly, Lucas P., 2888 Trouard, Dawn, 74,298,617,641,2209,2238,2307,2662 Truchan-Tataryn, Maria, 456 Truesdale, Barbara L., 2705 Turner, Richard S., 2545 Tyree, Jim, 2550

U Ubois, Lynette M., 2827 Underwood, Thomas A., 2375 Urgo, Joseph R., 139, 163,174,596,825,838,1081,1116,1279,1390, 1805, 1869, 1956, 1992, 2019, 2154, 2163, 2164, 2168, 2169, 2170, 2171, 2188, 2190, 2207, 2225, 2296, 2347, 2350, 2391, 2395,2427,2950,295 1

v Vachon, John, 2 194 Valente, Luiz Fernando, 906 Vali, Abid, 1592 Van Herk, Aritha, 247 1 Vander Meulen, David L., 99,216 VanderVeen, Arthur A,, 1835 Vanderwerken, David L., 104, 377, 673, 734, 934, 1167, 1241, 1461, 1780, 1960,2356 Vanikar, Ranu V., 1899 Varsamopoulou, Evy, 388 Vatanpour, Sina, 12 18 Vaughan, Robert A., 2787 Vaughn, Elizabeth Dewberry, 256 Veggian, Henry, 2914 Vegh, Beatriz, 1500, 1802, 1805, 2147,2358 Vdgsti, Roland, 943,3064 Vejnoska, Jill, 2590 Vendrame, Alessandra, 4 10,25 15 Verich, Thomas M., 105, 1178,2126 Vernon, Alex, 984, 1005

Index of Critics

Vescovi, Alessandro, 1574 Vickers, Jim, 2480 Visser, Irene, 89, 189,214,237, 310, 362, 524, 714, 771, 783 Volpe, Edmond L., 164, 1502, 1636 Voth, Danna, 678

W Wachholz, Michael, 730 Wade, Clyde, 1420 Wadlington, Warwick, 47,492,737, 1392, 1790, 1932 Wagner, Vivian, 8 17 Wagner-Martin, Linda, 90, 146, 849, 1219, 1275, 1669, 2217, 2316, 2378,2414 Waid, Candace, 1828,3065 Wainwright, Michael, 1450,3006, 3030 Wald, Priscilla, 3060 Waldhorn, Arthur, 173 Waldrep, Christopher, 1697 Waldron, Karen E., 305 Walker, L. G., Jr., 221 1,2277 Wall, Carey, 1181 Wallace, James M., 1529 Wallach, Rick, 369, 1250 Wallis, Patricia C., 1593 Walpole, Guilford H., 2348 Walsh, William, 2457 Walter, David D., 2889,2988 Walters, Mark J., 2706 Walton, Gerald W., 2043,2111 Wang, Jennie, 106, 1230, 1246,2722 Wannamaker, Annette, 5 17 Warren, Craig A., 2890 Warren, Marsha, 25 1 Warren, Robert Penn, 2652 Watanabe, Constance Ann, 23 18 Watkins, Floyd C., 92, 1601 Watkins, James H., 1969 Watkins, Ralph, 7 10 Watson, James G., 48, 132, 349, 656, 823, 1003, 1090, 1170, 1269, 1644, 1917 ,2001,2056,2062,2065,2068,207 1,2 113,2205

588

Index of Critics

Watson, Jay, 54, 232, 590, 713, 752, 1140, 1190, 1322, 1350, 1353, 1367,1425, 1741,1888,2039,2327,2445,2671,2970 Watson, Neil, 1200 Weatherby, H. L., 1301 Webster, William S., 2815 Weinstein, Arnold, 182, 346,458, 500 Weinstein, Philip M., 9,73,91, 175,286,358, 363,499,627,704, 729, 773, 797, 913, 1028, 1186, 1226, 1228, 1735, 1785, 1816, 1925, 1946, 1959,2010,2025,2029,2315,2337,3044 Weisenburger, Steven, 1384,228 1,2635 Weiskel, Portia W., 1973 Welling, Bart H., 1289,2091,2112,2418,2891 Wells, Dean Faulkner, 57, 2096,2468,2616 Wells, Lawrence, 57, 1467,2096,2468 Welty, Eudora, 153, 1851,2512 Wenjun, Li, 112 Wenska, Walter, 653 Werlock, Abby H. P., 1422, 1677 Werner, Craig, 1769 Wesley, Marilyn C., 1589 West, James L. W., 1662,2623 West, John T., 2493 West, Robert, 129 Westervelt, Linda A., 1417 Westling, Louise, 962, 1212, 1817 Wheat, Patricia B., 584 Whissell, Cynthia M., 2497 White, Mary W., 2335 Whitehead, James, 2098 Whiting, Luke, 29 15 Whitson, Kathy, 482 Whitt, Jan, 1770 Widiss, Benjamin L., 2864 Widmaier, Beth, 76 1 Wilcott, Barbara J., 2762 Wilhelm, Arthur, 2 129 Wilhelm, Randall S., 1661,2015, 2852 Wilke, Magdalena, 28 16 Wilkie, Curtis, 2575 Wilkinson, Bob, 2536 Williams, Foluso M., 446 Williams, Joan, 2063,2393

Index of Critics

Williams, John, 413,2798 Williams, Michael, 1778 Williamson, Joel, 55,307,881, 1760,2070,2080 Wilmeth, Thomas L., 1424 Wilson, Andrew J., 609,2773 Wilson, Charles Reagan, 1705, 1957 Wilson, Deborah, 469,867,2363,2502,2707 Wilt, Judith, 47 1 Winchell, Mark Royden, 442,2402,2644 Winn, Harbour, 1176 Winston, Jay, 1980,2892 Witt, Robert W., 1045 Wittenberg, Judith Bryant, 98, 202, 352, 725, 971, 1221, 1374, 1629, 1871,2215 Wolf, Howard, 1902 Wolff, Sally, 92, 266,455,2255,2263 Wolmart, Gregory, 2405 Wondra, Janet, 1366 Wong, Gayman, 676 Wong, Linda P., 1470 Wood, Amy Louise, 504 Woodbery, Bonnie, 5 13 Woodress, Fred A., 2541 Woodward, C. Vann, 2309 Wright, Austin M., 26,472 Wright, Richard, 1673 Wu, Guo Qiang, 28 17 Wu, Yi-ping, 1315 Wulfinan, Clifford E., 196, 1011, 1024,2818 Wyatt, David, 1775, 1837 Wyatt-Brown, Bertram, 2086,237 1,2639,3067

X Xiao, Minghan, 866,2672 Xudong, Shao, 2 131

Y Yaeger, Patricia, 1048,2250, 305 1 Yagcioglu, Semiramis, 1541 Yamaguchi, Ryuichi, 165, 197,222,247,445,570,671,789, 827, 1016 Yamashita, Noboru, 639

Index of Critics

Yang, Suying, 1255 Yarbrough, Scott, 649,2372,2774 Yardley, Jim, 2567 Yardley, Jonathan, 1465,2260,2308, 2477,2555,2584 Yarup, Robert L., 367,390 Yates, Gayle G., 2609 Yerkes, David, 8 13 Yin, Hum Sue, 603 Yin, Xiaoling, 2737 Yoder, Edwin M., Jr., 1864 Yonce, Margaret J., 1075 Yonke, Jean Mullin, 1675 Yoon, Seongho, 2929 Yorifuji, Michio, 2083,2087 Yoshida, Michiko, 854,2626 Yoshizaki, Yasuhiro, 2695 You, Young-Jong, 2840 Youmans, Gilbert, 1533 Young, Larry, 603 Young, Stephen F., 2292 Young, T. Daniel, 225,2610 Yousef, Tawfiq, 2 146 Yow, Laura G., 2841 Yuan, Yuan, 340 Yujie, Wei, 1875 Yunis, Susan S., 1472

z Zacharasiewicz, Waldemar, 56, 1761,26 17 Zane, J. Peder, 2588 Zapf, Hubert, 40 1 Zeitlin, Michael, 166, 187, 31 1, 382, 633, 812, 821, 1021, 1094, 1652, 1947, 1998,2353,3035 Zender, Karl F., 147, 1096, 1277, 1369, 1491, 1581, 1891, 1927, 1971, 2057,2 127,22 10,2236,2280,2409,3057 Zhang, Xin, 1559 Zhang, Yingin, 258 Zhao, Terithy P., 2412 Ziegler, Heide, 880,944, 1365 Zimmermann, David H., 2763 Zipp, Yvonne, 2594

Index of Critics

Zuckert, Catherine H., 1164

About the Author John E. Bassett is president and professor of English at Clark University. He has served as dean of Arts and Sciences at Case Western Reserve University and has taught at North Carolina State and Wayne State University. A native of Washington, D.C., Dr. Bassett has a PhD from the University of Rochester and a BA from Ohio Wesleyan. He has written widely on William Faulkner, Mark Twain, William Dean Howells, Thomas Wolfe, the Harlem Renaissance, and Southern literature. His previous books include two bibliographies with Scarecrow Press as well as Sherwood Anderson: An American Career; Defining Southern Literature: Perspectives and Assessments, 1831-1952; Harlem in Review: Critical Reactions to Black American Writers, 19171939; and William Faulkner: The Critical Heritage.