International Bibliography of Art Librarianship: An Annotated Compilation 9783111357928, 9783598217678

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International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions Fédération Internationale des Associations de Bibliothécaires et des Bibliothèques Internationaler Verband der bibliothekarischen Vereine und Institutionen MexayHapoAHait «Deflepamw

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I FLA Publications 37 Paula A. Baxter

International Bibliography of Art Librarianship An annotated compilation

K G · Saur München · New York · London · Paris 1987

IF L A Publications edited by Willem R. H. Koops

Recommended catalog entry: International bibliography of art librarianship / prepared for the IF L A section of art libraries. — München, New York, London, Paris: K. G. Saur, 1987. V , 94 p. ; 21 cm. ( I F L A Publications;37) I S B N 3-598-21767-6

CIP-Kurztitelaufnahme der Deutschen Bibliothek Baxter, Paula Α.: International bibliography of art librarianship : an annoted compilation / Paula A . Baxter, [internat. Fed. of Library Assoc. and Institutions]. — München ; New York ; London ; Paris : Saur, 1987. ( I F L A publications ; 37) I S B N 3-598-21767-6 N E : International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions: I F L A publications; H S T

© 1987 by International Federation of Library Associations and'Institutions, The Hague, The Netherlands Printed and bound in the Federal Republic of Germany for K. G. Saur Verlag K G , München by Strauss Offsetdruck G m b H , Hirschberg by Buchbinderei Schaumann, Darmstadt Alle Rechte vorbehalten · All Rights Strictly Reserved Jede Art der Vervielfältigung ohne Erlaubnis des Verlags ist unzulässig. I S B N 3-598-21767-6 I S S N 0 3 4 4 - 6 8 9 1 ( I F L A Publications)

TABLE OF CONTENTS I. II. III. IV.

Acknowledgements Introduction: Using the Bibliography Basic Texts on Art Librarianship Basic P e r i o d i c a l s on or related to Art Librarianship

1 3 5 7

Bibliography A.

V.

Art 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

L i b r a r i a n s h i p : Theory and Practice History of the profession Philosophy & Purpose Standards Education & Training Associations & Organizations a. National b. International 6. Art Librarianship in Countries/Regions B. Art L i b r a r i e s 1. Art Library Architecture 2. Cooperative Networks: Formal & Informal 3. Specific L i b r a r i e s a. General b. Country or Region C. Art Library & Collection Management 1. Administration 2. Acquisition Systems 3. Collection Development D. Art Library Information Services 1. Reference & Referral 2. B i b l i o g r a p h i c Documentation & Provision 3. B i b l i o g r a p h i c I n s t r u c t i o n & User Studies E. Art Library Technical Services 1. C l a s s i f i c a t i o n & Subject Access 2. Cataloging 3. S e r i a l s Control 4. Indexing & Abstracting F. Special Services 1. Special Collections & Rare Books 2. Documents Management & Archives 3. Conservation & Preservation 4. Automation G. Unique Materials 1. Museum & Gallery Publications 2. Exhibition Catalogues 3. Sales, Auction & Trade Literature 4. Microforms 5. Video & Audio 6. Ephemera, Printed Ephemera & Vertical F i l e s H. Visual Resources 1. Collection Management 2. Original Works of Art 3. Photographs 4. Pictures 5. S l i d e s Author Index

V

9 10 13 14 16 16 18 19 20 21 24 24 25 33 35 36 40 43 48 51 55 58 59 62 63 65 66 69 70 71 72 73 74 76 79 81 84 87 91

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The compilation of this bibliography could not have been accomplished without the assistance of many people and various library collections. Cooperative colleagues represent one of the greatest rewards to be found in art 1ibrarianship. A number of individuals in the United States and Canada must be acknowledged. First, the compiler wishes to thank Clive Phi 11 pot for his support and encouragement throughout the life of this project. U.S. colleagues who also helped are: Nancy Allen, Caroline Backlund, Sonya Bay, James Boyles, Katria Czerwoniak, Tom Jacoby, Dr. Lois Swan Jones, Ferris Olin, Pam Parry, Claire Petrie, Dr. Deirdre Stam, Daniel Starr, Linda Swieszkowski, Dr. Susan 0. Thompson and William Walker. Canadians Daphne Dufresne, Juanita Touoin and Mary Williamson assisted in provision of materials from across the border. International cooperation was made possible by Huguette Rouit and Jacqueline Viaux of France; Sissel Schultz (Denmark); Itsuo Okubo (Japan); Elsa Barberena Blásquez (Mexico); Sophie Pabst (Netherlands); Ase Markussen (Norway); and Jean-Pierre Duboulez (Switzerland). Institutions which played a significant role are: the RLG (Research Libraries Group) Shared Resources Consortium, Columbia University's School of Library Service and indefatiguable Interiibrary Loan Department, ILL departments at Rutgers University, Cornell University, University of Michigan and the University of Pennsylvania. Closer to home, the compiler acknowledges her debt to the staffs of the State University of New York at Purchase Library and the White Plains Public Library. Production credit must go to several individuals. Thanks are due to Monica Weigel and Carletta Rutledge of the Museum of Modern Art's Data Processing Department, and Carol Henry and A. van Wesemael of IFLA Headquarters. Barry Katzen served as the best copy editor, and Russian translator (and husband) anyone could have. The deepest acknowledgements are tendered to Philip Pacey and Margaret Shaw, past and present Chairs of the IFLA Section of Art Libraries and its Standing Committee. This project could never have been realized without their unflagging professional direction. I hereby dedicate this bibliography to them, a product of their vision and pragmatism, in the hope that it will be of service to present and future art librarians everywhere.

Paula A. Baxter New York City, New York

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INTRODUCTION: USING THE BIBLIOGRAPHY This bibliography originated as one of several projects on the agenda of IFLA Special Libraries Division, Section of Art Libraries Chair Philip Pacey (1981-1985). A prolific writer himself, Pacey envisioned a published bibliography which would represent the most useful literature on art 1ibrarianship. The publication was planned as an international, comprehensive survey prepared for educational purposes. The author was commissioned in 1983 to produce an annotated bibliography, arranged by specific subject categories. Art 1ibrarianship developed as a specialized branch of library science throughout the twentieth century, accelerating its pace in the 1960s. By the late 1960s and early 1970s, organizations and associations for art librarians sprang up, led by British librarians and their establishment of the Art Libraries Society (ARLIS). Other national groups came into existence, accompanied by official serial publications. With new forums for discussion of professional issues, the body of writings on art librarianship assumed greater depth and sophistication. The growing importance of international cooperation was confirmed in 1977 with the formation of a Section of Art Libraries within the International Federation of Library Associations. Comprehensiveness in bibliographic documentation is a difficult, often impossible, goal. Some inevitable selectivity had to be exercised in compiling citations; 538 publications were chosen on the basis of their contents' practical, educational veracity. The selection was made by the compiler, with assistance from colleagues, but the resulting compilation reflects the judgment of the compiler solely. One important criterion for inclusion was the availability of materials. There is no educational purpose in assembling a bibliography of obscure, unobtainable 1 iterature. The information-gathering process involved the consultation of various resources. Standard works, such as periodical indexes for U.S. and British library literature, were exhaustively combed. The RLIN database, bibliographic files on DIALOG, and even government documents, were used to locate other relevant materials. Bibliographies in library science books and key articles were scrutinized for leads. The professional literature columns in the IFLA Section of Art Libraries Newsletter proved invaluable. The compiler also solicited assistance through notices in art library society newsletter and direct correspondence with non-English speaking colleagues. Cooperation, under the umbrella of IFLA, has enhanced the range of citations included in the bibliography. Publications included range from 1908 up to December 1985; the exception to this cutoff date is an important monograph on art library science published in 1986. Users of this bibliography will note the predominance of post-1960, English language materials; this accurately reflects the state of available literature at present. Access to individual publications is through 34 subject categories; after much deliberation, cross-references have not been made for publications that may straddle more than one -3-

subject category. Therefore, every care has been taken to make annotations as descriptive as possible. Use of these subject categories permits the reader to investigate specific aspects of art 1ibrarianship. At the request of several members of the IFLA Section of Art Libraries Standing Committee, an author index was included to f a c i l i t a t e access to writings of i n d i v i d u a l s . The temptation to generalize about writing trends i s i r r e s i s t a b l e . In many ways, the time frame of t h i s bibliography encloses one epoch in the development of art l i b r a r i a n s h i p . Post1985 literature promises more depth and multilingual approaches to art l i b r a r y issues. B r i t i s h art l i b r a r i a n s have contributed a s o l i d foundation of philosophical w r i t i n g s . U.S. l i b r a r i a n s have moved from analyses of problems in the f i e l d to pragmatic problem-solving. The recent p r o l i f e r a t i o n of IFLA-sponsored conferences in Europe, Asia and Africa has generated important i n f o r mation from countries underrepresented in l i b r a r y l i t e r a t u r e . Canadian and Australian art l i b r a r i a n s , in particular, have devised s i g n i f i c a n t gains in national art documentation. Even though the United Kingdom and U.S. have originated much material, colleagues in France and the BDR have developed more sophisticated projects; their contributions to writing on art l i b r a r i a n s h i p require i n creased dissemination. Therefore, the materials that appear in t h i s publication are a h i s t o r i c a l grouping, or foreword, to the professional maturation of art l i b r a r i a n s h i p . The Bibliography may be of assistance to a variety of users: from the library school student to the practicing art l i b r a r i a n . Readers can use t h i s publication as a self-educational survey of the profession or as a guide to an aspect of art l i b r a r y work. The size of certain categories in the l i s t reveal much about needs in the f i e l d . Certain areas, such as special collections or physical f a c i l i t i e s pTanning, require more substantive documentation. On the other hand, the f i e l d of visual resources has enough literature to generate i t s own bibliography of useful w r i t i n g s . More non-English language publications are needed, especially for potential d i s semination to information centers in developing countries. Gaps in art l i b r a r y literature should be f i l l e d ; perhaps, in time, we can look forward to collections of publications organized by country or specific language. This bibliography represents an attempt to gather the most important writings about art l i b r a r i a n s h i p up to 1985; the following entries must be considered as a f i r s t edition of a l i s t that will continue to grow and i n t e n s i f y .

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BASIC BOOKS ON ART LIBRARIANSHIP Art 1ibrary manual. Edited by Philip Pacey. London; New York: Bowker, 1977.

Broxis, Peter F. Organizing the arts. Hamden: Archon Books, 1968.

Irvine, Betty J., and Eileen P. Fry. Slide libraries: a guide for academic institutions, museums and special collections. 2nd. ed. Littleton, Colo. : Libraries Unlimited, 1979.

Jones, Lois Swan, and Sarah Scott Gibson. Art libraries and information centers: development, organization and management. Library and Information Science Series. Orlando: Academic, 1986.

Jones, Lois Swan. Art research methods and resources: a guide to finding art information. 2nd ed. Dubuque: Kendall/Hunt, 1984.

Museum librarianship. Edited by John C. Larsen. Hamden: Shoe String Press; Library Profesional Publications, 1985.

Picture librarianship. Edited by Helen P. Harrison. Phoenix: Oryx Press, 1981.

A reader in art librarianship. Edited by Philip Pacey. The Hague: IFLA Section of Art Libraries, 1985.

Sheridan, Ian. An art librarian's glossary. (Preston): IFLA Section of Art Libraries, 1984.

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BASIC PERIODICALS ON OR RELATED TO ART LIBRARIANSHIP AICARC Bulletin, und, Sweden, no. 1 (1974)- . 2/yr. ARLIS/ANZ News. Canberra, Australia. vol. 1, no. 1 (May 1977)- . 4/yr. ARLIS/NA Update. Tucson, AZ. U.S.A. no. 1 (1984)4/yr. ARLIS News-Sheet. London, U.K. (1976)- . 6/yr. ARLIS Nytt. Oslo, Norway, vol. 1 (1984)- . 4/yr. Art Documentation. Tucson, AZ. U.S.A. vol. 1, no. 1 (February 1982)- . (Formerly: ARLIS/NA Newsletter) 5/yr. Art Libraries Journal. Preston, U.K. vol. 1, no. 1 (Spring 1976)- . (Formerly: ARLIS Newsletter) 4/yr. Canadian Art Libraries Newsletter. Vancouver, B.C. Canada. no. 1 (August 1971)- . (Formerly: CASLIS Art Libraries Section irreg. Newsletter) Honningpumpen. Copenhagen, Denmark. no. 2 (1984)- . (Formerly: Medd. Blade)(no. 1, 1979) 3-4/yr. IFLA Journal. Munich, BDR. vol. 1, no. 1 4/yr.

(1975)- .

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I FLA Section of Art Libraries Newsletter Preston, U.K. no. 1 (November 1980)- . 4/yr. International Bulletin for Photographic Documentation of the Visual Arts. Kansas City, MO. U.S.A. vol. 7, no. 1 (March 1980)- . (Formerly: Mid-America CAA Slides & Photographs Newsletter) 4/yr. MAHD Bulletin. (Museums, Arts and Humanities Section, Special New York, N.Y. U.S.A. Libraries Association) vol. 6, no. 2 (Spring 1976)- . 2/yr. Picturescope. Washington, D.C. U.S.A. vol. 1, no. 1 (February 1953)- . 4/yr. Special Libraries. New York, N.Y. U.S.A. vol. 1 (January 1910)- . 4/yr. Visual Resources. New York, N.Y. U.S.A. vol. 1, no. 1 (Spring 1980)- . 3/yr.

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A. ART LIBRARIANSHIP: THEORY AND PRACTICE A.l.

History of the Profession

Freitag, Wolfgang. "Art libraries and collections." In Encyclopedia of library and information sciences, vol. 1, 571-621. Edited by Allen Kent. New York: Dekker, 1969. A scholarly perspective on the history of art libraries and art 1ibrarianship from antiquity to the present. Topics covered are: aspects of research; pictorial reproduction; library users; types of art libraries; cataloging and classification. The nature of documentation and the subsequent development of art libraries in their complexity calls for increased cooperation among art 1ibrarians.

Gibson, Sarah Scott. "The past as prologue: the evolution of art 1ibrarianship." Drexel Library Quarterly 19 (Summer 1983): 3-17. This article provides a brief history of art 1ibrarianship as a profession. The growth of art history as a discipline, and of art libraries as a resource, placed new demands on librarians. Specialized education, professional societies and communications developed, as well as a need for standards.

Hoffberg, Judith A. "Art library science: a fresh start." In Cooperative and International Library Science, 270-274. Edited by John Harvey. Metuchen: Scarecrow, 1977. A concise history of art 1ibrarianship in the context of organization and cooperation. Art librarians face a problem of selfidentification; shared ideas have stimulated international growth.

Hunnisett, Basil. "The art librarian." In A reader in art librarianship, 6-10. [First published in ARLIS Newsletter (U.K.), no. 10 (February 1972): 9-12.] Historical consideration of early twentieth century events leading to the development of art 1ibrarianship as a profession. The nature of library positions in England is mentioned but the earliest attempts at organization took place in the U.S. Committed individual art librarians worked to promote professional attention to the special needs of the field.

Pacey, Philip. "Art libraries and book-learning." Art Libraries Journal 4 (Summer 1979): 18-21. A theoretical article that examines the development of artistic knowledge through usage of a library's collection. Art librarians can meet artists' needs by collections of "real" art and information unique to traditional and local situations.

"The state of art librarianship." Edited by Ferris Olin. Drexel Library Quarterly 19 (Summer 1983): 1-109. Eight articles on important developments in the profession; -9-

new technology and materials are considered for innovations in art l i b r a r y service. Ward, Ann R. "The culture boom and art history l i b r a r i e s . " Special L i b r a r i e s 59 (September 1968): 508-512". The publication explosion has affected the fine arts. The a r t i c l e examines various large research art l i b r a r i e s and their provision of service. Diminished financial support, small s t a f f s and growing literature are c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s that must be handled with v i s i o n ; a c c e s s i b i l i t y of art h i s t o r i c a l information i s a p r i o r i t y despite inherent economic problems.

A.2.

Philosophy & Purpose

H a r r i s , K.G.E. "What subject specialization should do to l i b r a r i e s . " ARLIS Newsletter (U.K.), no. 24 (September 1975): 3-5. The interrelationship of subjects—and not t h e i r i s o l a t i o n — i s the key to better provision of l i b r a r y service. The art l i b r a r i a n must observe t h i s principle in order to effect integrated service to a l l types of users. The author describes an approach based on " l i b r a r y unity" for the art l i b r a r i a n in a general l i b r a r y . Hunter, Carolyn Owlett. "The Copyright Law and art: reproduction by l i b r a r i e s and archives." Art Documentation 1 (October 1982): 139-140. Discusses the United States' Copyright Law of 1976 (PL 94-553) and i t s implications for those who work with visual materials. Rights of the copyright owner, f a i r use and reproduction by l i b r a r i e s and archives are paraphrased for better understanding. Lucas, E. Louise. "The museum l i b r a r y . " Art Documentation 1 (December 1982): 202. [ F i r s t published in Museum News 7 ( 1 January 1930): 7.] Describes the ethics of " v i t a l service" which describes provision of service as involving a l l current resources, so that the l i b r a r y may build upon those resources. The museum l i b r a r y should ideally function with the approval of the whole i n s t i t u t i o n ' s s t a f f . Requirements of the library should be: v i t a l use, continual development of resources and e f f i c i e n t technical administration of l i b r a r y tasks. Newmyer, Jody. " A r t , l i b r a r i e s and the censor." Library Quarterly 46 (January 1976): 38-53. Library art a c q u i s i t i o n s , visual collections and exhibitions are vulnerable to individual or community censorship pressure. Copyright, laws are complex and not always advantageous to the a r t i s t . The history of art censorship in America i s reviewed to make the l i b r a r i a n aware of potential c o n f l i c t s .

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Pacey, P h i l i p . " A r t l i b r a r y power." In A reader in a r t l i b r a r i a n s h i p , 11-17. [ F i r s t published in A s s i s t a n t L i b r a r i a n 68 (June 1975): 9 6 - 1 0 0 . ] A r t l i b r a r i a n s cannot escape " b e i n g the purveyors of the contents of books." A r t l i b r a r i a n s must e x e r c i s e t h i s "power" p r o p e r l y , handling documentation r e s p o n s i b l y . Cooperation between a r t l i b r a r i a n s allows standards to be imposed for better s e r v i c e .

Pacey, P h i l i p . " I n f o r m a t i o n technology and the u n i v e r s a l a v a i l a b i l i t y of images." IFLA Journal 9 ( 1 9 8 3 ) : 230-235. T h i s a r t i c l e , an e a r l i e r v e r s i o n of the f o l l o w i n g e n t r y , i s an important statement on the philosophy and purpose of a r t l i b r a r i e s and a r t l i b r a r i a n s everywhere. Pacey, P h i l i p . "Towards u n i v e r s a l a v a i l a b i l i t y of a r t p u b l i c a t i o n s . In A reader in a r t 1 i b r a r i a n s h i p , 119-122. L i b r a r i a n s need to understand the power of v i s u a l images; as art works or records of the a r t s , images are a form of v i s u a l communication. The p r o v i s i o n of v i s u a l information i s a c u l t u r a l r i g h t , with special c o n d i t i o n s attached to v i s u a l needs in developing c o u n t r i e s . IFLA e s t a b l i s h e d the " U n i v e r s a l A v a i l a b i l i t y of P u b l i c a t i o n s " (UAP) as one of i t s i n t e r n a t i o n a l o b j e c t i v e s . T h i s goal should a l s o apply to images. L i b r a r i e s should play a major r o l e in f o s t e r i n g v i s u a l l i t e r a c y and communication.

Pacey, P h i l i p . "The u n i v e r s a l a v a i l a b i l i t y of a r t p u b l i c a t i o n s : a global c o n t e x t . " A r t L i b r a r i e s Journal 10 (Autumn 1985): 7-30. An essay derived from a u t h o r ' s keynote paper at the 1985 IFLA Conference in Chicago, I L ( U . S . ) . Expands upon points of previous two a r t i c l e s by s t r e s s i n g the i n t e r n a t i o n a l r o l e that a r t l i b r a r i e s and a r t 1 i b r a r i a n s h i p can p l a y , with special note of needs in developing c o u n t r i e s . Pacey, P h i l i p . "Viewpoint: the a r t l i b r a r i a n . " A r t L i b r a r i e s Journal 2 (Summer 1977): 2 - 3 . T r e a t s the r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s inherent to the a r t l i b r a r i a n ' s p r o v i s i o n of selected information and m a t e r i a l s . Access to m a t e r i a l s must be done without imposition of values or c e n s o r s h i p . Pacey, P h i l i p . " V i v e l a d i f f e r e n c e ; the uniqueness of a r t l i b r a r i e s ARLIS/ANZ News 8 (January 1980): 10-17. Text from a keynote speech at the L i b r a r y A s s o c i a t i o n of A u s t r a l i a Conference in Canberra, August 1979. A p h i l o s o p h i c a l examination of c o n d i t i o n s which make a r t l i b r a r i e s unique in the context of i n t e r n a t i o n a l contact and cooperation. Users of v i s u a l and textual a r t m a t e r i a l s share many needs. National l i b r a r i e s with major a r t c o l l e c t i o n s have a r e s p o n s i b i l i t y to work toward " t o t a l p r o v i s i o n of a r t l i t e r a t u r e the world o v e r . " While c o l l e c t i v e , cooperative power i s e x e r c i s e d , the l o c a l , t r a d i t i o n a l needs of communities must a l s o be served.

Phillpot, Clive. "Art libraries for the people." Art Libraries Journal 10 (Winter 1985): 3-11. The "universal availability" of art information and publications is examined through Ranganathan 1 s tenets of librarianship. Libraries are successful only when they meet the demands of present and potential users, especially since many needs are not articulated by users. Art libraries should provide cooperative, fully exploited access and lending in order to fulfill the ramifications of UAP for art study. Finally, Ranganathan 1 s tenets are reshaped to apply to this specific context.

Phillpot, Clive. "The social role of the art library." In A reader in art 1ibrarianship, 112-115. [First published in Art Documentation 2 (December 1983): 177.] Increased information demands, the need for visual nourishment, and advanced technology combine to cause a re-thinking of the art library's place in society. Access barriers have been erected in many libraries to facilitate "research" over "casual enquiry." This restriction is inadequate; the art library can, and must, widen its scope by becoming a cooperative, networking visual communication library, attempting to serve the widest possible public in its variety of needs.

A reader in art librarianship. Edited by Philip Pacey. IFLA Publications no. 34. Munich: K.G. Saur, 1985. 199 pp. The introduction to this collection of important theoretical writings explains that the Reader "is about art librarians and librarianship; about how and why art librarianship has developed into a distinct branch of librarianship; about what it takes to be an effective art librarian; about how art librarians differ from other librarians; and about how and why art librarians have developed their own associations."

Scavenius, Bente. "Kunst biblioteker er en god investering/Art libraries are a good investment." Medd. Blade, no. 2 (1983): 14-15. The Kunstfaggruppen, a group of Danish art librarians working in public libraries, want to bridge the gap between art appreciation and the majority of people. Art libraries can provide resources for improving visual education.

Sherman, Claire Richter. "Women librarians as interpreters of the visual arts." ARLIS/NA Newsletter 9 (October 1981): 185-189. A sociological study of women, mostly American, and what roles they played in the cultural development of the visual arts. Profiles several influential figures from the late 19th century and their contributions to the art institutions they served.

Thompson, James. "The argument against subject specialisation; or, even a good idea can fail." ARLIS Newsletter (U.K.), no. 22 (March 1975): 3-6. Certain difficulties can and do arise from subject specialization in librarianship. Two major problems are created by situations -12-

in which pressures of library functions or imbalances in departmental/division libraries occur.

Toyne, Derek. "Art library game." ARLIS Newsletter (U.K.), no. 25 (December 1975): 3-6. A humorous series of 18 questions intended to elicit standardswhat makes a good college art librarian? The questions are from various situations which the art librarian is likely to encounter.

Toyne, Derek. "An art school librarian's philosophy." In A reader in art 1ibrarianship, 56-62. Based on the author's experiences, several statements on art 1 ibrarianship are codified: "the library should give stimulus and support to the whole spectrum of the student's work"; "the library should teach the true value of the printed word"; "the library should teach the fundamentals of documentary research."

Wright, Jane. "Plea of the art librarian." In A reader in art 1ibrarianship, 3-5. [First published in Public Libraries 13 (November 1908): 348-349.] A historical essay from an art museum librarian who describes the forces that seek to obscure the importance of her specialized library's context. Her statements on the art librarian's mission are prophetic.

A.3.

Standards

ARLIS/NA. Standards for art libraries and fine arts slide collections. Occasional Papers no. 2. Tucson: ARLIS/NA, 1983. 46 pp. Compiled by the ARLIS/NA Standards Committee, this publication consists of: Standards for staffing art libraries; Standards for staffing fine arts slide collections; Collection development standards for art libraries. This is a formal document of professional standards to be followed by art libraries in the U.S.

ARLIS/NA. Standards for staffing art libraries. Washington, D.C.: ARLIS/NA, 1977. An earlier version of the previous publication.

ARLIS/UK. "A Statement on standards in art and design libraries." ARLIS Newsletter (U.K.), no. 14 (March 1973): 2-9. Official statement of professional standards in education, service and development, compiled by ARLIS/UK. Guidelines were devised to assist art librarians' understanding of the responsibilities inherent to their specialization.

Pacey, Philip. "Art libraries in polytechnics." Art Libraries Journal 4 (Spring 1979): 36-48.

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An ARLIS/UK statement on standards f o r "the p r o v i s i o n and exp l o i t a t i o n of l i b r a r y resources f o r a r t and design courses in P o l y t e c h n i c s . " Covers patterns of l i b r a r y use, what students need from the l i b r a r y , absorption of a r t l i b r a r y resources i n t o c e n t r a l i z e d l i b r a r i e s , and c o n c l u s i o n s . A.4.

Education & T r a i n i n g

A r t l i b r a r y manual. Edited by P h i l i p Pacey. London: Bowker, 1977. T h i s i s the c l a s s i c textbook f o r students and p r a c t i t i o n e r s of a r t 1 i b r a r i a n s h i p . Divided i n t o factual chapters on l i b r a r y p r a c t i c e s and unique m a t e r i a l s . E x c e l l e n t b i b l i o g r a p h y at end of each chapter. " C o n t i n u i n g education f o r a r t 1 i b r a r i a n s h i p . " ARLIS/NA Newsletter 9 (May 1981): 102-104. Report of an ARLIS/NA conference s e s s i o n . P a r t i c i p a n t s ' papers were on t o p i c s : "The proper study of the a r t l i b r a r i a n " ; "The Education Committee of ARLIS/NA"; " I s another degree necessary for a r t l i b r a r i a n s ? " ; "The r o l e of the l i b r a r y school in continuing e d u c a t i o n " ; " A r t l i b r a r i a n s i n a t e c h n o l o g i c a l s o c i e t y : updating the M . L . S . " "Education for a r t l i b r a r i a n s h i p . " ARLIS Newsletter ( U . K . ) , no. 12 (September 1972): 2-30. Papers from an ARLIS/UK conference s e s s i o n ; t o p i c s range from a r t school l i b r a r i e s to education and career p e r s p e c t i v e s . Jones, L o i s Swan, and Sarah Scott Gibson. A r t l i b r a r i e s and information s e r v i c e s : development, o r g a n i z a t i o n and management. L i b r a r y and Information Science S e r i e s . Orlando: Academic P r e s s , 1986. 322 pp. See section C . l . for d e s c r i p t i o n of t h i s textbook approach to a r t l i b r a r y a d m i n i s t r a t i o n . Fawcett, Trevor. "The compleat a r t l i b r a r i a n . " In A reader in a r t l i b r a r i a n s h i p , 18-21. [ F i r s t published in ARLIS Newsletter ( U . K . ) , no. 22 (March 1975): 7 - 9 . ] A r t l i b r a r i a n s are subject s p e c i a l i s t s faced with a wide scope of m a t e r i a l s and media. The a r t l i b r a r i a n must u t i l i z e knowledge f o r himself and those he a s s i s t s by l i n k i n g subject e x p e r t i s e , language f a c i l i t y , f a m i l i a r i t y with the book trade, and awareness of trends. Henkle, Herman H. "Educational needs of a r t l i b r a r i a n s . " In A reader in art l i b r a r i a n s h i p , 22-26. [ F i r s t published in Special L i b r a r i e s 31 (December 1940): 425-428.] D i v i d e s e s s e n t i a l education f o r a r t l i b r a r i a n s into subject background, f a m i l i a r i t y with f o r e i g n languages (German, French and I t a l i a n are suggested) and l i b r a r y s t u d i e s covering book s e l e c t i o n , c a t a l o g i n g and c l a s s i f i c a t i o n , reference and a d m i n i s t r a t i o n . -14-

Larsen, John C. "Education of fine arts/music l i b r a r i a n s . " Library Trends 23, pt. 3 (January 1975): 533-539. Ideas for educating practicing art and music l i b r a r i a n s working in a general l i b r a r y . Subject background, preferably undergraduate study in art and music, i s essential. Balanced by an appropriate library school curricula (U.S. education described), the neophyte art/music l i b r a r i a n can do much to gain practical experience and perspective. Lemke, Antje Β. "Alternative s p e c i a l i t i e s in l i b r a r y education." Journal of Education in Librarianship 18 (Spring 1978): 285-294. The author discusses the growth of specialty courses within the traditional l i b r a r y school curriculum. Survey taken of 59 U.S. accredited library schools. Description of courses on art l i b r a r i a n s h i p at Syracuse University. Lemke, Antje Β., and Barbara Polowy. Bibliographic guide to art and museum l i b r a r i a n s h i p . Rev. ed. Syracuse: School of Information Studies, Syracuse University, 1979. 106 pp. A practical syllabus for l i b r a r y education; h i g h l i g h t s essential humanities publications in organized sections for use in teaching/training of art l i b r a r y science. Lemke, Antje Β. "Education for art l i b r a r i a n s h i p : the f i r s t decade and beyond." Art L i b r a r i e s Journal 7 (Winter 1982): 36-42. A brief history of art l i b r a r i a n s h i p curricula. The author describes elements of specialization and professional application in courses on art l i b r a r i a n s h i p . The importance of internships and cognate education in art history and museology i s emphasized. Marco, Guy Α., and Wolfgang Freitag. "Training the l i b r a r i a n for rapport with the c o l l e c t i o n . " In A reader in art l i b r a r i a n s h i p , 2731. [ F i r s t published in Library Trends 23 (January 1975): 541-546.] Art l i b r a r i a n s ' training i s affected by "the demands on the l i b r a r i a n of the material i t s e l f . " Knowledge of the l i b r a r y ' s collection i s a major need, augmented by subject education (possibly a degree in art h i s t o r y ) , bibliothecal training and a n c i l l a r y demands (a broad-based cultural background meets t h i s need.) Museum l i b r a r i a n s h i p . Edited by John Larsen. Hamden: Shoe String Press; Library Professional Publications, 1985. 136 pp. A basic library science text on the practice of museum l i b r a r i a n s h i p (covering a l l types of museums, including a r t ) . Nine essays treat aspects of l i b r a r y collection practices in an educational manner. Helpful charts, bibliography and resources. Ri pi η, Arley, and Dorothy Kasman. "Education for special l i b r a r i a n s h i p : a survey of courses offered in accredited programs."

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Special Libraries 67 (November 1976): 504-509. General survey of special l i b r a r y courses and training in the U.S. and Canada. Art l i b r a r i a n s h i p 1 s establishment within l i b r a r y school curricula i s noted. Sheridan, Ian. An art l i b r a r i a n ' s glossary. (Preston, U.K.): IFLA Section of Art L i b r a r i e s , 1984. Records over 600 terms encountered in art l i b r a r y work in order to resolve language problems. Terns in English, French, German, Spanish and I t a l i a n , parallel meanings, d e f i n i t i o n s and indexing. T u t h i l l , M.L. "Education for art l i b r a r i a n s h i p : some problems." ARLIS/NA Newsletter 2, pt. 1 (December 1973): 13. A pprsonal account of the d i f f i c u l t i e s encountered in planning a l i b r a r y science degree program with specialization in art l i b r a r i a n s h i p . H i s t o r i c a l l y interesting summary of educational situation in the early 1970s, before art l i b r a r i a n s h i p networks and influence made an impact on the U.S. l i b r a r y profession. A.5. a.

Associations & Organizations National

"Art l i b r a r i a n s meet." Liaison (U.K.) (November 1968): 79. A h i s t o r i c a l notice of the meeting and resolution of B r i t i s h art l i b r a r i a n s to form the original ARLIS association. Balke, Nöel. "The Canadian Art L i b r a r i e s Committee." ARLIS Newsletter (U.K.), no. 11 (July 1972): 17-19. Describes the evolution of an e a r l i e r phase of the current CARLIS, organized as a part of the Canadian Library Association; members were brought together by common problems of regionalism, languages, distance and small budgets. Fawcett, Trevor. "ARLIS and the Sous-Section des Bibliothèques d ' A r t de 1'ABF." ARLIS Newsletter (U.K.), no. 24 (September 1975): 18. In June 1975, ARLIS/UK members made a study tour of art l i b r a r i e s in Paris. The B r i t i s h and French art l i b r a r y s o c i e t i e s engaged in a meeting that promised mutual knowledge and cooperation. Hoffberg, Judith A. "ARLIS/NA, the Art Libraries Society of North America." INSPEL 10 (1975): 118-174. History and goals of the ARLIS/NA viewed through the perspective of one of the s o c i e t y ' s founders.

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McKenzie, Karen. "Art l i b r a r i a n s h i p in Canada." Art Libraries Journal 8 (Spring 1983): 73-79. Outlines the development of art l i b r a r y associations in Canada, with emphasis on CARLIS and i t s professional accomplishments via publications, national projects and future plans. Pacey, P h i l i p . "ARLIS, the Art Libraries Society in the United Kingdom." INSPEL 15 (1981): 46-49. A concise summary on the status of ARLIS/UK since i t s tenth anniversary the previous year. P r o f i l e s of working publications and projects. Statement of ARLIS/UK commitment to international contact and cooperation. Phil 1 pot, Clive. "ARLIS/NA, the Art L i b r a r i e s Society of North America: present structure and some recent h i s t o r y . " INSPEL 15 (1981): 50-53. Text from a paper for I F L A ' s 46th General Meeting in Manila (1980). Discusses the organization of ARLIS/NA, i t s Executive Board, governance, standing committees, Special Interest and Type of Library groups, local chapters and the role of the S o c i e t y ' s Executive Secretary. Phi 11 pot, Clive. "ARLIS: The Art Libraries Society." Library Association Record (London) 74 (January 1972): 5-6. An informative a r t i c l e which summarizes the o r i g i n , scope and a c t i v i t i e s of ARLIS/UK. The inaugural meeting was held April 1969 and since then ARLIS has improved communications between members through conferences and a Newsletter; international l i n k s followed. Tiimmers, H.J. "Die Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Kunstbibliotheken/ Working Group of Art L i b r a r i e s . " Z e i t s c h r i f t für Bibliothekwesen und Bibliographie 12 (1965): 374-376. Describes an association of major museum and i n s t i t u t i o n a l art l i b r a r i e s in the Federal Republic of Germany and their collaboration on documentation of art h i s t o r i c a l and museum collection data. Viaux, Jacqueline. " A c t i v i t i e s of French art l i b r a r i e s . " INSPEL 15 (1981): 54-57. An art l i b r a r i e s section was established within the Association des Bibliothécaires Françaises (ABF) in 1967. The section publishes a b u l l e t i n , and the successes and f a i l u r e s of i t s projects are noted. Viaux, Jacqueline. "Chronique des bibliothèques f r a n ç a i s e s . " Art L i b r a r i e s Journal 4 (Autumn 1979): 49-51. Describes important a c t i v i t i e s of the ABF art l i b r a r i e s section from exchanges of ideas to examination of i n s t i t u t i o n a l projects, e.g. cataloging of art periodicals and catalog supplements.

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b.

International

Downer, Christine. "The role of ARLIS in the growth of art l i b r a r y networks in the United Kingdom, the United States, and A u s t r a l i a . " ARLIS/ANZ News, no. 4 (April 1978): 18-30. Concise history of art library associations in those countries. Duboulez, Jean-Pierre. "Les bibliothèques d ' a r t et d ' I F L A . " Nachrichten/Nouvelles/Notizie 58 (June 1982): 133-138. Describes the o r i g i n s of the IFLA Section of Art Libraries. Pacey, P h i l i p . "Art l i b r a r y associations worldwide and the IFLA Section of Art L i b r a r i e s . " In A reader in art l i b r a r i a n s h i p , 178190. [ E a r l i e r version in INSPEL 16 (1982): 10-20.] The f i e l d of art l i b r a r i a n s h i p has greatly developed in recent years. Visual arts documentation has a worldwide scope, with the art l i b r a r i a n j o i n t l y responsible for preservation of local and national art information, and ultimately, international cooperation. Pacey, P h i l i p . "Manifesto for an art l i b r a r i e s society." Art Libraries Journal 8 (Winter 1983): 3-13. [Abridged version published in ARLIS Nytt 2 (1984): 2 - 6 . ] Author's message i s from his position then as chair of IFLA Section of Art Libraries. Outlines guidelines for the establishment of a national association of art l i b r a r i e s , stressing cooperative documentation, information service, coordinated union l i s t s of publications and contact with other art l i b r a r i a n s through IFLA. Pacey, P h i l i p . "A spider ready to bounce ( s i c ) : an introduction to IFLA and to the IFLA Section of Art L i b r a r i e s . " ARLIS/UK Newssheet, no. 48 (May 1984): 3-6. Introduces the IFLA Section of Art L i b r a r i e s , offers organizational chart, how the Section works, i t s projects and goals. Viaux, Jacqueline. "La creation de la Table Ronde des Bibliothèques d'ART a 1 ' I F L A . " ARLIS/NA Newsletter 8 (October 1980): 159-160. A h i s t o r i c a l account of the 1977 creation of a Round Table of Art Libraries subsection within IFLA ( l a t e r to become the IFLA Section of Art L i b r a r i e s ) . This new group would interact with national art l i b r a r y societies in planning relevant programs and projects. Viaux, Jacqueline. "Quelques problèmes qui se posent à la D i v i s i o n des Bibliothèques s p é c i a l i s é e s . " IFLA Journal 3 (1977): 236-238. Factors leading to the need for establishing a special section for art l i b r a r i e s within IFLA are explained in the context of other specialized l i b r a r y associations already created. Walker, William. "Art l i b r a r i e s : international and i n t e r d i s c i p l i n a r y . " Special Libraries 69 (December 1978): 475-481. -18-

A discussion of art l i b r a r i e s ' role as special l i b r a r i e s . The a c t i v i t i e s of art l i b r a r i a n s within the scope of the American Library Association and Special Libraries Association have expanded with the foundation of ARLIS-type groups in the U.S. and other countries. Concern e x i s t s for cooperative international art 1ibrarianship. A.6.

Art Librarianship in Specific Countries/Regions

Fawcett, Trevor. "Art l i b r a r i e s . " In B r i t i s h l i b r a r i a n s h i p and information science 1971-1975, 260-266. London: Library Association, 1976. Describes the developments occuring in B r i t i s h art l i b r a r i e s for those years, e.g., achievements in professional and resource development. G i o r g i s , Kebreab. "The cultural role of l i b r a r i e s in developing countries." In A reader in art l i b r a r i a n s h i p , 106-111. The a r t i c l e asks whom should the library serve; the l i b r a r y ' s cultural functions as an i n s t i t u t i o n i s especially important in A f r i c a . Policy and perspective are discussed, often in terms of the author's experiences as a student in Ethiopia. G i o r g i s , Kebreab. "The role of l i b r a r i e s in music, art and drama." Maktaba: O f f i c i a l Journal of the Kenya Library Association 2 (1975): 136-148. Seminal a r t i c l e from which preceding entry was drawn. T e l l s of special considerations for African l i b r a r i e s . Cultural contexts are important; African l i b r a r i a n s must take active parts in preservation and dissemination of materials on the fine a r t s , in fact, by bringing them out of a s t r i c t l y academic role. Lersch, Thomas. "Art l i b r a r i e s in the Federal Republic of Germany." INSPEL 18 (1984): 65-81. Report on the various types of art l i b r a r i e s in West Germany, including West Berlin. Over 130 i n s t i t u t i o n s provide access to art l i t e r a t u r e . No cohesive national cooperation/affiliation e x i s t s although interest in improving resources and information transfer i s quite strong, in fact, as i s growth in art l i b r a r i a n s h i p as well. Okubo, Itsuo. "Art l i b r a r i a n s h i p in Japan." ARLIS/NA Newsletter 4 (April 1976): 82. Art l i b r a r y service in Japan i s in an early stage of development. General functions are often performed by scholars; the d e f i n i t i o n of art research must extend beyond the current inadequate organization of materials, printed and v i s u a l . Pacey, P h i l i p . "Art l i b r a r i e s . " In B r i t i s h l i b r a r i a n s h i p and information work 1976-80, vol. 2: Special l i b r a r i e s , materials and processes, 44-48. Edited by L.J. Taylor. London: Library -19-

Association, 1983. A British perspective on the development of art libraries and compatible art librarianship. Specific achievements are discussed, e.g., awareness of the art library's uniqueness, attention to design bibliographic needs, improved user education, and the development of ARLIS.

Vital arts, vital libraries: cultural life and tradition in developing countries and the role of libraries: papers from the IFLA Congress at Nairobi, August 1984. Preston, U.K.: IFLA Section of Art Libraries, 1985. 102 pp. The role of art and design in developing countries is different in its context from other, more industrialized (U.K.) nations. Visual and oral traditions require new approaches to documentation and library service. Seven articles discuss ways for handling art, design and music which are appropriate to their cultural context, with emphasis on African and Caribbean experiences.

B.

ART LIBRARIES

B.l. Art Library Architecture

Balke, Nöel. "Museum library facilities." In Museum librarianship, 115-130. Practical discussion of physical planning factors for librarians to consider: location, structural requirements, space, shelving, fixtures, lighting, atmospheric control, security, and furniture. Excellent bibliography on general library planning.

Cummings, John. "Art library design." ARLIS/ANZ News 9 (July 1980): 10-18. Practical treatise on the factors that art librarians must consider when planning library facilities; includes working with the building architect, careful note of needs and spatial requirements unique to art libraries, and consideration of planning for handicapped user access.

Hosaka, Y., and Itsuo Okubo. "Art Library for the Musashino University of Fine Arts." Japan Architect 52 (September 1977): 45-50. The University's Museum-Library building was planned for reconstruction and enlargement to improve functions; discussion of considerations and visual plans.

Nolan, Margaret P. "Examples of library plans: the Metropolitan Museum of Art Slide Library." In Planning the special library, 101-103. Edited by H.E. Mount. New York: Special Libraries Assoc., 1972. Factual account of space and facilities planning for a major research and lending slide collection. Floor plans included. -20-

Samuel, Evelyn Κ. "Planning the art l i b r a r y . " ARLIS/NA Newsletter 5 (October 1977): 154. A b r i e f statement that stresses the importance of art and visual resources l i b r a r i a n s being involved in the design planning of l i b r a r y f a c i l i t i e s , e.g. l i g h t i n g , shelving, storage and special features. Samuel, Evelyn K. "Protection of library and archival materials: a case study- New York U n i v e r s i t y ' s I n s t i t u t e of Fine A r t s . " Library & Archival Security 2 (1978): 1-6. The author's personal experiences in managing t h i s important academic art l i b r a r y outline major considerations in planning security for the collection. Physical considerations must be anticipated. Smith, Gaye. " I l l u m i n a t i o n . " Library Association Record (London) 79 (June 1977): 316-318. Describes the location of the Manchester (U.K.) Polytechnic L i b r a r y ' s art and design section into a single floor of the multisite central library and the benefits from i t s physical relocation. B.2. Cooperative Networks: Formal & Informal Abbot, E. "Special l i b r a r y profession and what i t o f f e r s . 3. Art museum l i b r a r i e s . " Special L i b r a r i e s 25 (November 1934): 243-250. Early a r t i c l e on the cooperative value of special 1ibrarianship, the Special Libraries Association (U.S.) and i t s section for museum l i b r a r i a n s . The profession i s described in relation to the needs for networking. Apatova, R. "Otdel iskusstv-bibliotekam oblasti/Art departments of regional l i b r a r i e s help other l i b r a r i e s . " Bibliotekar, no. 12 (1973): 43-44. A cooperative system within Soviet l i b r a r i e s helps to overcome problems with geographic distance and incomplete holdings faced by readers desiring art materials. Bagrova, I . Y . "Universalnye nauchnye b i b l i o t e k i — osnovnye zvenya sistemy infoormatsii po kulture i iskusstva/General research l i b r a r i e s — main components of the information system on culture and a r t . " Sovetskoe Bibliotekovedenie, no. 6 (1983): 38-51. Describes increased demands for information on Soviet arts in the 1960s and 1970s which led to the formation of a national information network similar to an e x i s t i n g system employed for information on science and technology. Informkultura was set up as a center in 1972. Dane, William J. "Networking and an art l i b r a r y . " Drexel Quarterly 19 (Summer 1983): 52-65.

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Library

Description of a cooperative venture between the A r t Department of the Newark Public Library and the New Jersey Network (U.S.). A standard form for art information reference question categories, interiibrary loans and shared services was developed.

Fawcett, Trevor. "Assembling the arts." Library Association Record (London) 79 (June 1977): 309-310. Good collection development is achieved when art libraries form cooperative bonds, formally or informally; the growth of ARLIS in Great Britain and elsewhere has made international links. Attention must also be paid to strengthening national cooperative ventures.

Freiberg, S. "Die Zusammenarbeit der Kunstbibliotheken." In Der Österreichische Bibl iothekartag 1954, 84-87. Biblios Schriften 7. Vienna: Nationalbibliothek, 1955. Description of a cooperative venture amongst Austrian art libraries and its success.

Freitag, Wolfgang. "Cooperation among art libraries." In A reader in art 1ibrarianship, 165-168. Based on an article from a 1968 publication, the author reccomends several steps for cooperation: international art library associations, national chapters, working committees, regular meetings and publications.

Freitag, Wolfgang. "The indivisibility of art librarianship." In A reader in art 1ibrarianship, 142-154. [First published in Art Libraries Journal 7 (Autumn 1982): 23-39.] A scholarly examination of art librarians' shared, specialized needs in the context of national and international networking. Art library societies and conferences can identify the various challenges the profession faces. Art librarians must be brought together to cooperative advances in visual collections management and new technology.

Matthews, John. "The international role of special libraries." Art Libraries Journal 3 (Spring 1978): 21-23. Cooperation among art librarians and their libraries is important because of the nature of art literature subject expertise. Cooperation on an international level was aided by the 1st International Conference of Art Librarians in Brighton, England, in 1976

"Nytt liv i artotekordningen: Billed-kunstneren." ARLIS Nytt, no. 1 (1985): 2. Describes national cooperative initiatives established between art libraries in Norway and the resultant support to graphic artists.

Report of the British Library Working Party on the provision of materials for the study of art. London: British Library, 1983. 35 pp. This official study examines national networking between the -22-

British Library and various art libraries. A call for more effective cooperation was among the Report's recommendations as a remedy for collection deficiencies and other problems. Subsequent publications by U.K. librarians treat aspects of the report's findings.

Roberts, Helene E. "Art history and visual documentation: the interplay of two evolutions." International Bulletin for Photographic Documentati on of the Visual Arts 10 (December 1983): suppl. 8-10. The challenges in provision of art information can be met by shared interests in collections/libraries networking.

Rouit, Huguette. "Compte rendu du Colloque: 'a l'ecoute de l'oeil'/ Conference report: 'listening to the eye'." Art Libraries Journal 10 (Winter 1985): 12-22. Reports on a cooperative international conference, sponsored by three associations of art historians, librarians and visual curators, in Geneva 13-16 March 1985. Conference was arranged to bring together more European and non-English language participants. Theme was on "iconographie collections and libraries," issues covered teaching iconography, user needs, picture research and collection management, automation of resources and cooperative networking. Many conference papers will be published post-1986. English summary translation by Ian Sheridan.

Rücker, Elisabeth. "Cooperation et décentralisation: l'exemple allemand de mise en valeur des bibliothèques d'art." Gazette de Beaux Arts 95 (January 1980): suppl. 1-2. A brief description of the benefits resulting from a post-World War II cooperative networking, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. German art historical research has been assisted, e.g., a union list of art periodicals, by the shared resources of the seven-member Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Kunstbibliotheken.

Sisson, Jacqueline D. "Cooperation among art libraries." Library Trends 23 (January 1975): 501-515. The pros and cons of library cooperation are described through localized and national (U.S.) network programs. Better identification of libraries' resources make investment in networking a positive step.

Toyne, Derek. "Possibilities for cooperation between the public library and the art school." ARLIS Newsletter (U.K.), no. 17 (December 1973): 3-7. Bridging an "understanding gap" between artistic production and the public is an important role for institutional cooperation. The public library can serve as a cultural center through provision of exhibitions, adult classes, lectures, visual resources and assistance to art students' design experiences.

Walker, William. "Development of national and international cooperation among art libraries." In A reader in art 1ibrarianship,

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169-177. [ F i r s t published in Art L i b r a r i e s Journal 3 (Spring 1978): 9-20.] A j u s t i f i c a t i o n of art l i b r a r i e s as specialized i n s t i t u t i o n s worthy of inclusion in I F L A ' s Special Libraries D i v i s i o n . Examination of materials, preservation, organization and staffing and their unique aspects. The development of l i b r a r y associations, e.g., ARLIS and SLA, have fostered international cooperation. Weinrich, Renate. " A r t l i b r a r i e s of the Federal Republic of Germany." ARLIS Newsletter (U.K.), no. 24 (September 1975): 10-14. Seven major art l i b r a r i e s formed the Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Kunstbibliotheken; t h i s a r t i c l e describes the history of t h i s cooperative scheme and i t s impact on i n s t i t u t i o n a l acquisitions. Wilden-Hart, Marion. " B a r r i e r s to effective cooperation." ARLIS Newsletter (U.K.), no. 18 (March 1974): 5-7. Planning cooperative systems and projects requires clear-sighted, large scale organization. The role of ARLIS in national ventures has been rendered l e s s effective by non-member l i b r a r i e s . Emphasis on procedures over information systems hinders cooperative advances. Human relations are stressed as a bond for promoting cooperation. B.3. a.

Specific Libraries General

Directory of art l i b r a r i e s and visual resource collections in North America. Compiled by Judith A. Hoffberg and Stanley Hess. New York: Neal-Schuman, 1978. 300 pp. Directory with two sections, U.S. and Canadian art l i b r a r i e s , and visual resource c o l l e c t i o n s . Arranged by state and c i t y with data on holdings, personnel and services. Subject collection and I n s t i t u t i o n s indexes. Needs updating. I FLA Directory of art l i b r a r i e s . Edited by Jacqueline Viaux. New York: Garland, 1985. 510 pp. An international roster of art l i b r a r i e s , excluding North America. L i s t s over 600 l i b r a r i e s and t h e i r addresses, telephone numbers, opening hours, collection scope, user access, services. Entries arranged by country with subject index. Text in English, French, German and Spanish. IFLA. Directory of art l i b r a r i e s in Europe: a preliminary l i s t . 1979. I FLA. Directory of art l i b r a r i e s in Europe: l i s t e complémentaire. 1980. IFLA. Répertoire des bibliothèques d ' A r t en Afrique, Amérique du Sud, Asie, A u s t r a l i e : l i s t e préliminaire. 1980. E a r l i e r versions of the preceding directory (1985), prepared by the IFLA Special L i b r a r i e s D i v i s i o n , Section of Art Libraries.

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b. By Country or Region

Australia

Archbold, Ralf Thomas. "The South Australian Museum Library." Australian Library Journal 9 (April 1960): 68-76. The founding of this major art library took place in 1838; its holdings and collection maintenance are described. Current problems include the need for greater financial support.

Directory of art libraries and resource collections in Australia. Sydney: Australia Council, 1984. Entries arranged alphabetically and geographically. Lists collection details, hours, services, contact person, address.

Shaw, Margaret. "The Australian National Gallery: a viewpoint." Riverina Library Review 2 (Winter 1985): 83-89. This library has developed rapidly since the late 1970s; the library's job of information access and provision to museum staff is outlined.

Thomson, John. "The Australian National Gallery Library: the present situation and plans for the future." ARLIS/ANZ News 20 (October 1985): 17-20. A discussion of the library's present and future development. Describes budget, holdings, collection scope and documentation.

Woodberry, Evelyn. "The Library of the Museum of Australia." ARLIS/ANZ News, no. 18 (1984): 13-14. The Museum was established in 1980, the Library in 1984; the Library has an important research responsibility to staff in the areas of art history, conservation and museology. Facilities have been started, e.g., cataloging and interlibrary loan, with an eye toward the needs of all art scholars in Australia.

Belgium

Coekelberghs, D. "Instruments et centres de documentation pour l'histoire de l'art en Belgique." Revue Belge d'Archeologie et d'Histoire d'Art 40 (1971): 128-130. Describes the major art libraries in Belgium and the publications and indexes developed for national art historical research.

Bulgaria

"Rabota i problemi ν otdelite 'izkustvo'." Bibliotekar (Sofia) 29 (1982): 17-24.

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Describes the art sections of the National Library at Plovdiv and three regional libraries and their role in arts education through loan collections of visual, art and music materials.

Canada

Balke, Noel. "Art libraries in Canada." ARLIS/NA Newsletter 7 (February 1979): 5-8. Overview of art libraries in the late 1970s as a preliminary background for attendees of the ARLIS/NA Annual Conference held in Canada (Toronto). Summary of major libraries, museum, public and academic, their collections, associations and future goals.

Owyer, Melva J. "Fine arts and music libraries." In Librarianship in Canada 1946-1967, 140-148. Edited by Bruce Peel. Ottawa: Canadian Library Association, 1968. Overview of important Canadian fine arts libraries, their holdings and relationship to the institutions they serve.

National Library of Canada. Ottawa: National Library of Official document of art description of holdings and

Fine arts library resources in Canada. Canada, Resources Survey Div., 1978. 2 v. libraries and collections by region; facilities.

Colombia

Freiband, Susan. "Art libraries and librarianship in Colombia." ARLIS/NA Newsletter 3 (April 1975): 56-57. Observations by an American librarian working in Medellin. The four types of art libraries (special, museum, professional and university) do not sustain much national support. Art librarians do not receive specialized training in library schools; this lack of emphasis reflects Colombia's preoccupation with scientific and technical development.

Cuba

Bisbé, C. "La Biblioteca en las Escuelas de Bella Artes." Asociación Cubana Bibliotecarios Bolletin 1 (December 1949): 79-80. Historical article on the Library's function as a resource for artistic study in pre-revolutionary Cuba.

Czechoslovakia

Murray, Irena. "A postcard from Prague." Art Documentation 3 (Winter 1984): 134-135. -26-

A former r e s i d e n t ' s v i s i t to the major art l i b r a r y in Prague: the Museum of Decorative Arts Library. Founded in 1885, endowed by the Bohemian Chamber of Commerce, the l i b r a r y has grown to 110,000 volumes. Library service i s through an i n t r i c a t e system of catalogues and v i r t u a l l y no automation. Denmark Andersen, Gunhild, et al. "Pages from the diary of an art department in Denmark." Art Libraries Journal 10 (Summer 1985): 80-83. Chronicle of one week's d a i l y a c t i v i t i e s in the art department of Gladsaxe Bibliotek, a public library near Copenhagen, e.g., picture loans, exhibitions, reference, etc. Bojesen, Benedicte. "KunstBiblioteket i Lyngby." Honninqpumpen, no. 2 (1984): 10-12. An organizational report on a public l i b r a r y ' s provision of art material to a range of users; Danish art l i b r a r i a n s take an active role in arts education. Van Brüggen, Franz. " I n med bildkonsten pâ B i b l i o t e k e t . " Medd. Blade, no. 1 (1983): 13-14. Danish public l i b r a r i e s provide an effective form of service in the staging of art exhibitions. Egypt Freudenthal, Juan R. "The art l i b r a r y scene in Egypt." Art Libraries Journal 6 (Spring 1981): 7-18. Egyptian art l i b r a r i e s do not have a " v i t a l role" as art documentation centers since they do not receive adequate administrative and financial support. Two l i b r a r i e s , the Egyptian Museum Library and the Creswell Collection and Library at the American University in Cairo, are profiled. More e f f i c i e n t s o l u t i o n s , e.g., resource sharing, collection development and promotion, are required. Federal Republic of Germany Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Kunstbibliotheken. Deutsche Kunstbibliotheken: B e r l i n , Florenz, Köln, München, Nürnberg, Rom. Munich: Verlag Dokumentation, 1975. 101 pp. Essays on seven major West German art l i b r a r i e s , their holdings, p o l i c i e s and provision of information. Describes national networking and p o l i c i e s of t h i s consortium. Behrndt, Helle. "De vesttyske Kunstbiblioteker staar distancen/ The West German art l i b r a r i e s stay the course." B i b l i o t e k 70 (1983): 387-388. -27-

Describes the administrative organization of art libraries, in and out of the national library system. Art 1ibrarianship is thriving, despite lack of art library school courses and training, because of national political interest in cultural provision.

France

Bibliothèque Forney: guide du lecteur. (Paris): (Hotel de Ville), 1971. 23 pp. Small guidebook describes history, physical layout, services, classification and publications of this major art library.

Damiron, Suzanne. "La Bibliothèque d'Art et d'Archeologie de l'Université de Paris." L'Information Culturelle Artistique 1 (November/December 1955): 50-56. This major academic library collection was begun as the gift of Jacques Doucet. The library began service in the early 1900s; its holdings, types of materials and educational services are described. Its resources have assisted art research publications and provide extensive photographic documentation.

Didier-Lecomte, Eliane. "La Galerie de Prêt d'Estampes." Médiathèques Publiques, no. 42 (April/June 1977): 24-26. A localized approach to the display of art and art information, based on a municipal service level at a regional library.

"Fine arts libraries in Paris." Edited by Basil Hunnisett. ARLIS Newsletter (U.K.), no. 21 (December 1974): 3-23. Essays on 13 major art collections by the libraries' directors, from the Bibliothèque de l'Arsenal to the École Nationale Supérieure des Beaux-Arts.

Hunnisett, Basil. "Fine arts libraries in France: contributions towards a history." Bibliothek und Wissenschaft 17 (1983): 102-149. An extensive historical survey of national art library resources. These libraries' origins, administration, and affiliations are traced by historical periods. Municipal library art departments, museum and miscellaneous, specialized library collections are among the largest categories. Bibliography, chronology and index.

German Democratic Republic

Neumann, K. "Die Zentrale Kunstbibliothek in Dresden/Central Art Library in Dresden." Bibliothekar 21 (May 1967): 513-516. This library's history, collection and services are described.

Preissler, I. "Zur Arbeit der Artotheken; Methoden und Erfahrungen der Berliner Stadtbibliothek/Work of the art library; methods and -28-

experiences of the Berlin City Library." Bibliothekar 32 (January 1978): 35-42. A descriptive a r t i c l e on t h i s major art l i b r a r y , i t s book and visual resources, and account of services provided. Schäme, Ulrike. "Art literature in the l i b r a r i e s of the German Democratic Republic." ARLIS Newsletter (U.K.), no. 22 (March 1975): 12-18. Art l i b r a r i e s in the GDR are organized around a central network of l i b r a r i e s , with national r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s held by the Sächsische Landesbibliothek (containing over 1.2 million volumes). Art l i b r a r i e s in other c i t i e s are described. Many l i b r a r i e s ' holdings contain original works of art, primarily graphic works, a r t i s t s ' and art h i s t o r i a n s ' archives, with a central archives at the Academy of Art. View of art l i b r a r i a n s ' aims and associations. Winkler, Wolfgang. "Kunstbibliotheken in der Deutscher Demokratischen Republik." Zentralblatt für Bibliothekswesen 95 (December 1981): 546-549. Overview of art l i b r a r i e s , systems and u n a f f i l i a t e d c o l l e c t i o n s . Description of common resources, goals and problems. Hungary Wood, Kathryn. "ARLIS ' I n t e r n a t i o n a l e ' : a Budapest i t i n e r a r y . " Art L i b r a r i e s Journal 4 (Spring 1979): 25-35. Describes a v i s i t to the art l i b r a r i e s of Budapest. The c i t y ' s active cultural l i f e i s reflected in the collections of the eight art l i b r a r i e s v i s i t e d . The IFLA Conference in Budapest was an opportunity for l i n k s to be established between B r i t i s h and Hungarian art l i b r a r i a n s ; interest i s strong and information on design sought because of a new Hungarian (national) Design Centre. Japan Okubo, Itsuo. "Special l i b r a r i e s in the f i e l d s of fine art and d e s i g n . " The Library Journal (Japan Library Association) 73 (1979): 572-575. This paper reports the c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s and a c t i v i t i e s of special art l i b r a r i e s in Japan. Libraries are examined in three groups: fine arts l i b r a r i e s , design, and comprehensive c o l l e c t i o n s . Mexico Blásquez, Elsa Barberena. Unidades de información en el area de las artes p l á s t i c a s . Mexico City: Asociatión de B i b l i o t e c a r i o s de I n s t i t u c i o n e s de Enseñanza Superior e Investigación, 1985. 58 pp. Directory of art documentation in Mexico, survey of information sources, documentation centers, archives and l i b r a r i e s . Entries for -29-

I n s t i t u t i o n s describe: s t a f f , foundation date, hours, address, size and type of holdings, c l a s s i f i c a t i o n , catalog and services. Fernandez de Zamora, Rosa Ma. "Art l i b r a r i e s in Mexico: an overview." Art Documentation 1 (February 1982): 3-7. H i s t o r i c a l introduction to national art collection and l i b r a r y development. "Guide to art l i b r a r i e s in Mexico" p r o f i l e s 29 l i b r a r i e s by address, size, holdings, archival or special c o l l e c t i o n s . Netherlands Gerson, H. "Kunsthistorische documentati e." Bibliotheekleven 41 (June 1956): 145-147. Brief survey of art history documentation in the Netherlands, major art l i b r a r i e s , their holdings and important access t o o l s , e.g., The Iconographie Index on Dutch and Flemish Painting, B i b l i o graphy of the Netherlands I n s t i t u t e for Art HistoryNew Zealand Brooks, Susan. "The Library of the School of Architecture, Victoria University of Wellington." ARLIS/ANZ News, no. 14 (June 1983): 11-12 Begun in 1974, t h i s collection i s part of the main l i b r a r y with materials, reference f i l e s and indexes for the special needs of i t s students. Garvey, Wendy. "The Architecture Library, University of Auckland: a glimpse of the past, present and future." ARLIS/ANZ News, no. 11 (May 1982): 8-10. The Library was founded in 1927; i t s h i s t o r y , relocations, f a c i l i t i e s and services are described. Norway I n i t i a l issues, ARLIS Nytt, no. 1-4 (1984), various pages. The f i r s t four issues of ARLIS/Norge 1 s society publication are devoted to descriptions of the various art l i b r a r i e s in the country. Collections of note described: Norges Tekniske Higskoles B i b l i o t e k ; O s l o ' s Norsk Riksringkasting B i b l i o t e k ; I n s t i t u t fur Kunsthistories og K l a s s i s k Arkeologi, Universitetet i Oslo; Arkitekthogskolen i Oslo Biblioteket; Norske Arkitektakademi Biblioteket. Sweden Páhlman, S. "Nationalmusei b i b l i o t e k . " Biblioteksbladet 33 (1943): 158-161. -30-

A h i s t o r i c a l description of the National Museum Library in Stockholm, i t s history from foundation in 1868 to the present, and i t s collection of printed, visual and clipping materials on art and c r a f t s . Sandström, Sven, and Folke Astrand. "Documentation Centre for Modern Swedish A r t . " AICARC B u l l e t i n 7 (1977): 1-13. Founded in 1965, the Documentation Centre has served as a collection source for o r i g i n a l materials on modern national art. Details of i t s various c o l l e c t i o n s , data storage, c l a s s i f i c a t i o n scheme and output. Switzerland Archive, Bibliotheken und Dokumentationsstellen der Schweiz. 4th ed. Berne: Amt für Wissenschaft und Forschung, 1976. 805 pp. Directory of archives, l i b r a r i e s and documentation centers, by specialty. Text in German and French. Gagnebin, Bernard. "Une source capitale pour la recherche à Genève: la Fondation Martin Bodmer." Genava (Musee d ' A r t et d ' H i s t o i r e ) 20 (1972): 5-54. History of the l i b r a r y ' s establishment, i t s relationship to the Museum, collection development, and services to researchers. Vereinigung Schweizerischer Bibliothekare. "Bibliothèques d ' a r t / Kunstbibliotheken." INSPEL 14 (1979): 56-71. National survey of art l i b r a r i e s ; describes organization, systems, holdings and special c o l l e c t i o n s . Thai land Samart Suepiantham. The National Fine Arts Library, Bangkok, Thailand. (Bangkok): n.p., 1983. 101 pp. An interesting document on the history leading to the creation of t h i s art l i b r a r y . Recounts choice of s i t e ; building program; spatial requirements for f a c i l i t i e s , including a flow diagram; building type analysis and choice of design solution. United Kingdom Cole, F.D. "A public l i b r a r y and the visual a r t s . " ARLIS Newsletter (U.K.), no. 17 (December 1973): 8-11. The London Borough of Camden Public Library a s s i s t s in many community based arts a c t i v i t i e s ; the library supports a picture and sculpture loan c o l l e c t i o n , various exhibitions and documentation for the Camden Arts Centre and Camden Studios Trust. A c t i v i t i e s are representative of U.K. public l i b r a r y support for local arts. -31-

C o l l i son, R.L. "Fine arts l i b r a r i e s and collections in B r i t a i n . " Journal of Documentation 6 (June 1950): 57-69. A dated, but important, description of the major art l i b r a r i e s and specialized art collections in Great B r i t a i n . Kaden, Vera. "The National Art L i b r a r y . " Library Association Record (London) 79 (June 1977): 310-311. The art library of the Victoria and Albert Museum in London has national r e s p o n s i b i l i t y for the comprehensive collection of art l i t e r a t u r e . In 1977, t h i s totaled over 500,000 volumes, with a 70% intake of foreign language publications. The l i b r a r y serves as a museum department a l s o , with i t s own gallery for exhibitions. Macandrew, Hugh. "Art l i b r a r y resources in Scotland." Art Libraries Journal 4 (Autumn 1979): 6-15. History and description of art l i b r a r i e s in Scotland: major holdings, specialized literature and source materials. "Survey of Scottish art l i b r a r i e s : Part 1." Art L i b r a r i e s Journal 4 (Autumn 1979): 31-39; "Part 2." Art Libraries Journal 4 (Winter 1979): 26-36. Short, descriptive l i s t s of Scotland's major art library c o l lections and their f a c i l i t i e s . U.S.S.R. G i l 1 , E. "Nauchnoi biblioteke Akademii Khudozhestv dvesti let/ The Research Library of the Academy of Arts i s 200 years o l d . " Bibliotekar (May 1958): 60-61. A b r i e f account of the l i b r a r y ' s h i s t o r i c a l o r i g i n s , i t s functions through the years and present status. Kent, Charles D. "The Library of the Hermitage in Leningrad." Library Review 133 (Spring 1960): 320-321. This venerable i n s t i t u t i o n was founded in 1762, contained over 300,000 volumes by the late 1950s, and serves an important role in support of the museum's c o l l e c t i o n . Koidan, E.B. "Regionalnye tsentry informatsii po kulture i isskustvu: s p e t s i f i k a i perspektivy razvitiya/Regional centers of information on culture and art: specification and perspectives of development." Nauchno-Tekhnicheskaya Informatsiya 8 (1984): 15-16. Describes the organization and recent development of the Soviet public l i b r a r y system; cultural needs are served by collection of art materials, bibliographic documentation, exhibits and lectures.

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U.S.A.

Coolidge, John. "American art museum libraries: past, problems and potentials." Special Libraries 50 (March 1959): 119-122. Describes these libraries in the context of their service to the museum; important U.S. library collections have grown and developed on the strength of extended service and specialization.

Knox, Katharine McCook. The story of the Frick Art Reference Library: the early years. New York: The Library, 1979. 169 pp. Helen Clay Frick, daughter of the New York magnate who created the Frick Museum collection, began the Library in 1920. This book, written by a friend and associate, chronicles the growth of this extensive art research collection, how its materials were gathered on a worldwide scale, gifts acquired, special and photographic collections created, and the services the Art Reference library provides to scholars.

Schoneman, Ruth E. "The libraries of the Art Institute of Chicago." Illinois Libraries 35 (October 1953): 348-350. A brief history of the Ryerson and Burnham Libraries, founded in 1901 and 1912, respectively. These major midwestern research libraries developed to serve the museum's expanding acquisitions programs. One of the strengths of the libraries' collections is architecture. The development of a dictionary catalog and the wide scope of documentation has assisted many users.

C.

ART LIBRARIES & COLLECTION MANAGEMENT

C.l. Administration

Clarke-Hazlitt, Janet. "Coping with budgetary cutbacks (or, gloom and doom in the 1980s)." Art Documentation 2 (February 1983): 12-14. The article gives management strategies for coping with inevitable economic restraints. These budgetary problems are a common problem among art librarians faced with expensive materials and the pressures they create: budget cuts for art books and serials in a time when prices are steadily increasing. The author outlines the importance;of having a collection development plan. Limitations on ILL services and local networking call for new strategies. The impacts of personnel cuts, consolidation and demoralization are discussed in regard to art library administration.

Cowles, Thomas. "Leisure and the museum library." Special Libraries 24 (May 1933): 88-9. This early article on museum library administration explains the role of management in creating user satisfaction. Collection development designed for general reader/users of a museum

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l i b r a r y can benefit that l i b r a r y by direct and indirect means. The smooth functioning of t h i s type of art l i b r a r y wins more than s t a f f support for future l i b r a r y projects or goals. Fennelly, Lawrence J. Museum, archive and l i b r a r y security. Boston: Butterworths, 1983. 907 pp. The book discusses both the philosophical and practical provision of security in a museum. One section i s devoted to archival and l i b r a r y security. Helpful plans and procedures, including specific cases of security applications, are explained. Jones, Lois Swan, and Sarah Scott Gibson. Art l i b r a r i e s and information services: development, organization and management. Orlando: Academic Press, 1986. 322 pp. A basic, thorough manual which treats art l i b r a r y admini s t r a t i o n step-by-step. Textbook organization of chapters under: " a r t l i b r a r i e s as information centers"; "the l i b r a r y c o l l e c t i o n " ; "information s e r v i c e s " ; " c o l l e c t i o n development and library management." Useful appendices on professional services. Lawrence, Deirdre E. and Susan G. Swartzburg. "Emergency plan for art l i b r a r i e s . " Art Documentation 3 (Summer 1984): 58-60. Disaster or emergency plans for art l i b r a r y collections should be prepared beforehand. ARLIS i n s t i t u t i o n s can and should share plans. Two major objectives are needed: physical planning, including preparation and getting supplies and mental preparation of the entire s t a f f . Suggestions are made for organizational charts, protocol, s p e c i a l i s t conservators and preservation o f f i c e r s . A sample plan for the Harvard University L i b r a r i e s describes types of responses to f i r e and water damage, cleaning and drying information. Emergency plans l i s t e d . P r i l i s c h c h , I . "Nuzhny kompleksnye otdely iskusstv/Composite art departments are necessary." Bib!iotekar, no. 3 (1978): 63-65. Modern technology has produced new means of v i s u a l , non-book materials. An integrated system of administration i s discussed: how to describe them c l e a r l y in cataloging, how to get l i b r a r y users to use them, and how to use them in propaganda (U.S.S.R.). Smith, Gaye. "Security in the art l i b r a r y . " Art Libraries Journal 5 (Spring 1980): 26-32. Art materials attract possible theft or mutilation. Security protection depends on physical f a c i l i t i e s , access policy, proper owner i d e n t i f i c a t i o n and e f f i c i e n t l i b r a r y administration pi anni ng. Toupin, Juanita M. "The library and i t s parent organization." In Museum l i b r a r i a n s h i p , 1-12. The museum l i b r a r y ' s function i s to provide research a s s i s t ance for s t a f f , and, p o s s i b l y , the general public. Library admini s t r a t i v e r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s are outlined, s t a f f hierarchies -34-

charted, and a descriptive process shows how good communications and financial support from the museum administration benefits the l i b r a r y ' s management. Usher, Elizabeth R. " S t a f f i n g the museum l i b r a r y . " In Museum l i b r a r i a n s h i p , 13-19. Basic l i b r a r y p o l i c i e s should be written and p r i o r i t i e s set for determining professional s t a f f size, type and q u a l i f i c a t i o n s . Participation in professional societies i s important. The controversial role of volunteers i s noted. Varley, G i l l i a n . "The academic art l i b r a r y : some management problems." Art L i b r a r i e s Journal 2 (Spring 1977): 11-17. V a r l e y ' s a r t i c l e discusses the varied roles of art l i b r a r i e s and how they are managed within a large central academic l i b r a r y bureaucracy. She argues for a system of coordinated decentralization, using centralized cataloging, staff structuring, quantification studies and emphasis on user education. Related administration issues are summarized.

C.2.

Acquisition Systems

Dane, William J. "Art department and standing orders: a symbiotic r e l a t i o n s h i p . " Art Documentation 2 (December 1983): 185-186. Using his experiences at the Newark (U.S.) Public L i b r a r y ' s Art Department, the author surveys use of standing order plans for art book acquisition purposes. He describes the advantages and possible p i t f a l l s , summarizing why these plans can be economical, beneficial systems. Dole, Wanda V. " G i f t s and block purchases: are they p r o f i t a b l e ? " Library Acquisitions: Practice and Theory 7 (1983): 247-254. Written from an art l i b r a r i a n ' s point of view, t h i s a r t i c l e lays out a l l the issues involved in setting up procedures for handling g i f t and block purchases. Four principal suggestions are made for determining i f these materials are cost-effective, valuable additions to a collection. Kamen, Ruth. "Art booksellers' catalogues (current publications): some problems and their consequences for the art l i b r a r y and the s u p p l i e r . " ARLIS U.K. News-sheet, no. 49 (August 1984): 6-10. A review of a sequence of points made at an ARLIS conference session on a c q u i s i t i o n s processes. What emerged were guidelines for how booksellers' catalog information could be improved. Kehde, Martha. "Survey of academic art l i b r a r y book funds." World Wide Arts and Library Newsletter 1 (October 1972): 1, 5-7. This one of the f i r s t serious s t a t i s t i c a l evaluations of -35-

comparative a r t l i b r a r y a c q u i s i t i o n budgets. Kehde's survey shows what percentage of academic a r t l i b r a r y ( U . S . ) funds were a v a i l a b l e in the e a r l y 1970s; her s t a t i s t i c s form the b a s i s f o r judgments on how to shape a c q u i s i t i o n s d e c i s i o n s . Lundgren, M. K o n s t l i t t e r a t u r i urval f o r mindre b i b l i o t e k . Lund: B i b l i o t e k s t j a n s t , 1951. A paper that demonstrates a consensus of Danish a c q u i s i t i o n approaches f o r c o l l e c t i n g a r t l i t e r a t u r e in p u b l i c l i b r a r i e s . An " i d e a l " l i s t of recommended books i s suggested. The a r t i c l e o u t l i n e s a b a s i c a c q u i s i t i o n s process f o r implementing a v i s u a l ( p i c t u r e ) c o l l e c t i o n as w e l l .

P i n e s , Doralynn and P a t r i c i a Barnett. "The M e t r o p o l i t a n Museum of A r t L i b r a r y automates a c q u i s i t i o n s . " A r t Documentation 3 ( F a l l 1984): 91-92. The Metropolitan Museum's Watson L i b r a r y ( U . S . ) i n s t i t u t e d an automated a c q u i s i t i o n s system using Innovacq. T h i s microcomputer's d i s c d r i v e records allow a l a r g e number of independent records to be stored. M a t e r i a l s can be searched online with Boolean l o g i c . Innovacq allows f o r automated s e r i a l s check-in and c l a i m i n g as w e l l . The authors d e s c r i b e p e r t i n e n t f a c t o r s : the decision-making p r o c e s s , r e s u l t s and i m p l i c a t i o n s of choosing t h i s automated system. Stave, Don. " A r t books on approval: why n o t ? " L i b r a r y A c q u i s i t i o n s : P r a c t i c e and Theory 7 (1983): 5-6. An argument f o r u s i n g standing order plans f o r a r t books; t h i s allows pre-judgment of contents and q u a l i t y .

C.3.

C o l l e c t i o n Development

ARLIS/NA. Current i s s u e s in f i n e a r t s c o l l e c t i o n development. Occasional Papers no. 3. Tucson: A R L I S , 1984. 36 pp. An o f f i c i a l ARLIS/NA Occasional Paper p u b l i c a t i o n , t h i s work presents four papers ( p l u s one new paper) from the 1983 Annual Conference s e s s i o n " C o l l e c t i o n Development in the 1980s." The f i v e papers are: " C o l l e c t i o n E v a l u a t i o n in Fine A r t s L i b r a r i e s " ; " D r a f t i n g and Implementing C o l l e c t i o n Development P o l i c i e s in Academic A r t L i b r a r i e s " ; "The A l l o c a t i o n of Book Funds in Academic A r t L i b r a r i e s " ¡ " A u t o matic A c q u i s i t i o n Plans f o r the A r t L i b r a r y " ; " B u i l d i n g an A r t L i b r a r y from S c r a t c h . "

" A r t h i s t o r y in p u b l i c l i b r a r i e s : a d i s c u s s i o n between Peter Murray and R.C. Benge." L i b r a r i a n 42 (March 1953): 47-51. Two a r t s p e c i a l i s t s have a d i a l o g u e on types of good a r t l i b r a r y a c q u i s i t i o n s . The nature of q u a l i t y reproductions i s d i s c u s s e d . S p e c i a l i z e d v e r s u s popular books are t r e a t e d ; -36-

periodicals pose special collection development problems. Behrndt, Helle. "The development of art collections in large and small public l i b r a r i e s . " In A reader in art 1ibrarianship, 98-101. This essay i s derived from the following a r t i c l e and another. Based on public l i b r a r y experiences in Denmark, barriers to collection development are exposed as "myths." Behrndt, Helle. "The use and development of art library materials in large and small l i b r a r i e s . " Art L i b r a r i e s Journal 6 (Winter 1981): 7-12. Collection development of art materials in Danish l i b r a r i e s meets with many practical problems. Economic considerations affect a c q u i s i t i o n s , as hs the need for various kinds of materials to serve visual studies. D i s t r i b u t i o n of art information and materials w i l l require continued attention. Byrne, Elizabeth D. "University of Cincinnati Design, Architecture and Art Library Collection Evaluation Project." Art Documentation 1 (1982): 67-69. A practical report on an 1980 project (U.S.) which was developed with p o s i t i v e r e s u l t s . Byrne explains how the plan was i n i t i a t e d , some history of the l i b r a r y and how i t shaped that plan. Procedures are i l l u s t r a t e d by steps; at the same time, the project was combined with a campaign of interaction between art l i b r a r i a n , faculty and other users. Eight benefits are l i s t e d in conclusion, from improved faculty/1ibrarian r e l a t i o n s to better budget spending guidelines. Byrne, Nadene. "Selection and acquisition in an art school l i b r a r y . " Library A c q u i s i t i o n s : Practice and Theory 7 (1983): 7-11. Byrne offers a workable collection development process for an art s c h o o l ' s l i b r a r y . She draws upon her own experiences at the Art I n s t i t u t e of Chicago's Art School Library ( U . S . ) . Chapon, François. "La Bibliothèque d ' A r t et d'Archeologie." In Mystère et splendeurs de Jacques Poucet, 95-138. P a r i s : J. Clattes, 1984. A detailed chapter describing the history of the l i b r a r y , i t s collection development — the s t o r i e s here are welli l l u s t r a t e d examples of l i b r a r y a c q u i s i t i o n s through primary and other art h i s t o r i c a l sources. Doucet i n i t i a t e d an important art reference l i b r a r y that serves as a model to other French l i b r a r y collections. Dole, Wanda V. "Art l i b r a r i e s : collection development in the 1980s: A panel discussion held during the Art Libraries Society of North America Annual Conference, Boston, MA, February 22, 1982." Library A c q u i s i t i o n s : Practice and Theory 7 (1983): 3-20.

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The findings of t h i s panel and i t s four papers (see ARLIS/NA Occasional Paper no. 3) are reviewed within the context of l i b r a r y collection development as a whole. Focus i s on what specific methodologies are advocated as an outcome of the discussions during t h i s conference session. Dole, Wanda V. "Austerity and the a r t s : collection development in the 1980s." Drexel Library Quarterly 19 (Summer 1983): 28-37. Art l i b r a r i e s share common funding problems: shrinking budgets, r i s i n g costs and increased usage demands. Selection policy becomes a c r i t i c a l factor. Four trends for art collection development are noted, supported by c i t a t i o n s of recent facts and figures. Art l i b r a r i a n s must adopt potent bibliometric tools for assistance. Donahue, Katharine. "Building museum library c o l l e c t i o n s . " In Museum 1ibrarianship, 21-33. This a r t i c l e discusses the special considerations for collection development of museum l i b r a r i e s . Budget control i s emphasized in selection of materials. Exchanges, archives, g i f t s , grants and other means of a c q u i s i t i o n s are described. Fawcett, Trevor. "Towards total provision of visual arts l i t e r a t u r e ? " Art Libraries Journal 2 (Spring 1977): 4-10. Fawcett defines the comprehensiveness required for art library collections ~ expanded materials, more points of view, etc. "Total provision" i s l i s t e d in nine categories of materials, from museum catalogues to original manuscripts. Two difference methods of a c q u i s i t i o n , current and retrospective, are needed to j u s t i f y the ideal of "total p r o v i s i o n . " Five tentative suggestions are offered for a national policy in Great B r i t a i n . Freitag, Wolfgang. "Tapping a serviceable reservoir: the selection of periodicals for art l i b r a r i e s . " Art Libraries Journal 1 (Summer 1976): 10-21. Periodical collection development requirements are subject to strategies enhanced by s t a t i s t i c a l analyses. Cooperation between art l i b r a r i e s , and increased micropublishing can a s s i s t shared resources and great a v a i l a b i l i t y of periodicals. Methodologies for ascertaining needs are discussed; by studying both users and history of these art periodicals themselves, l i b r a r i a n s can identify a selection process best suited to their i n s t i t u t i o n ' s c o l l e c t i o n . Gwinn, Nancy E. "Cooperative collection development—national trends and new t o o l s . " Art Documentation 4 (Winter 1985): 143-147. This a r t i c l e surveys resource sharing techniques and U.S. cooperative programs which increase access to materials. Schemes for collection analysis are described; the RLG consortium i s given as a key example.. -38-

Harrington, Lyn. "Building an art book c o l l e c t i o n . " Canadian Art 19 (March/April 1962): 165-166. This brief a r t i c l e l i s t s c r i t e r i a whereby the art l i b r a r i a n or general i s t can determine what kind of art books to buy. D e f i n i t i o n s for users' needs, educational purposes and a formula for book selection follow. A basic l i s t of t i t l e s for i n i t i a l collection development i s offered, drawn from the suggestions of the art l i b r a r i a n at the Fine Arts Section of the Toronto Public Library. Kuznerz, Peggy Ann. "Collection evaluation techniques in the academic art l i b r a r y . " Drexel Library Quarterly 19 (Summer 1983): 38-51. Collection evaluation generates useful data. List-checking, use»· studies, subject s p e c i a l i s t review and quantitative a n a l y s i s (such as the RLG Cooperative Collection Management Program ( U . S . ) ) have practical application in the art l i b r a r y . Pacey, P h i l i p . "The art book." In Art library manual, 32-46. A manual-like approach to the "science" of art 1ibrarianship, t h i s chapter covers a c q u i s i t i o n , selection, organization, exploitation and conservation of art book materials. Procedures, and the philosophy behind t h e i r application, are proposed. Schimansky, Donya-Dobrila. "A policy for the development of c o l l e c t i o n s in museum art l i b r a r i e s in the United States." Art L i b r a r i e s Journal 6 (Winter 1981): 35-49. The problems 1n formulating and implementing collection development p o l i c i e s are treated. Library goals and functions are tied to the l i b r a r y ' s i n s t i t u t i o n a l context. Developing such a policy would aid a museum l i b r a r y ' s support role within and out of the i n s t i t u t i o n . Teague, Edward H. "Fine arts periodicals as book selection sources." Art Documentation 4 ( F a l l 1985): 120-122. Periodicals are an important source for collection development. 38 art and architecture t i t l e s are described which survey new publications in the f i e l d . Thorsted, Jorgen. "Kunst-boger i folkebibliotekerne." Bogens Verden 42 (May 1960): 124-131. Danish interest in the arts has produced concerted e f f o r t s to make art book collections up-to-date, and increase visual materials. Important decisions on book selection, cataloging and binding are affected by l i b r a r i a n s ' close contact with art groups. Smaller l i b r a r i e s will need to augment collections with cooperative i n t e r l i b r a r y loan. Tuckerman, Lucy D. Suggestions for the l i b r a r y of a small museum of art. Washington, D.C.: American Assoc. of Museums, 1928. 39 pp. H i s t o r i c a l publication of a bibliographic l i s t , based on the -39-

Worcester Art Museum Library (U.S.)· which notes important reference, monographic and periodical titles for collection acquisition.

Wilcox, Ruth M. "The library's responsibility in collecting local art material." In A reader in art 1 ibrarianship, 102-105. [First published in Public Libraries 30 (1925): 355-358.] Wilcox's pioneering article explains how public libraries have a duty to collect and disseminate information on local art and artists. The shaping of an art reference collection is delineated; examples are used to show how local art materials can be brought together.

Yao, Winberta. "Developing methodologies for art periodical collections." ARLIS/NA Newsletter 7 (February 1979): 17. Account of Arizona State University (U.S.) Library's participation in a Collection Analysis Project. Meant as a self-study "collection-centered" and "client-centered" evaluation process, citation analysis of the library's art periodicals yielded some useful collection development parameters.

D. D.I.

ART LIBRARY INFORMATION SERVICES Reference & Referral

Alexander, Mary Louise. "Commercial art and the public library." In A reader in art 1ibrarianship, 86-90. [First published in Public Libraries 30 (1925): 358-361.] Suggestions on providing reference information for commercial artists. Special sources for locating and deriving information are based on artists' research needs.

ARLIS/NA. Reference tools for fine arts visual resources collections. Occasional Papers no. 4. Tucson: ARLIS/NA, 1984. 55 pp. This publication is a bibliographic guide to important reference books for visual images identification. Resources are listed in categories for historical periods, iconographie handbooks, geographic location, and media. Entries are annotated for usage.

Crask, C. "Art reference library for children." Top of the News 22 (November 1965): 93-95. The Junior Museum of the Metropolitan Museum of Art (U.S.) created an art reference library for children (from 5 to 14 years) as part of its mission to provide interpretation of the collections. Reference works were chosen for their quality of information.

Cummings, Frederick. "The art reference library." College and Research Libraries 27 (May 1966): 201-206. A discussion of the necessary elements in an art reference collection. Book, periodical, catalog and visual materials are -40-

important research tools. Primary sources are unique and essential for artistic and art historical reference.

Emanuel, Muriel. "Problems of reference." Art Libraries Journal 6 (Autumn 1981): 57-60. A descriptive article on research resource problems faced by the author when working on a reference book series. Problems with biographical verification, obituary date checking, and identification of sources are considered.

Gerard, D.E. "The role of library services in the cultural life of the community." ARLIS Newsletter (U.K.), no. 20 (September 1974): 36-38. Summary of four papers from a meeting about public libraries in the U.K. Topics covered were: integrated reference services, use of facilities standards, and library involvement in bringing together artists and public.

Herrick, Julie D. "Basic reference tools and professional resources." In Museum 1ibrarianship, 89-113. Defines the types of information resources a museum library should use. Stresses a professional, museologically based approach to service.

Kaden, Vera. "Quick reference material." In Art 1ibrary manual, 14-31. Reviews the type of materials necessary for reference service. Reference procedures discussed with list of published sources, general and unpublished tools, arrangement of materials and suggested selections provided.

Morley, Grace M. "Art has place in world understanding." Library Journal 73 (15 February 1948): 281-284. A theoretical look at art librarians' roles as information purveyors, promoting art as a "corrective" to a technologized culture. Art information aids educational progress; the postWorld War II UNESCO reference library in Paris will support channels of art research and referral.

Richardson, John. "Public libraries and the arts." Library World 64 (December 1962): 160-161. Public library art departments can be used to stimulate or promote municipal spending on the arts, through active information programs and extension work.

Snow, Christine. ,fArchi tects' wants arid needs for information, demonstrated through a university-based information service." ASLIB Proceedings 27 (March 1975): 112-123. A British perspective on the special information requirements of architects. Technical and product information, published lit-

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erature and indexes and increased amounts of materials pose retrieval problems. A project p i l o t information service i s analyzed, breaking down variables and examining information retrieval as part of the design/build process in architecture. Stam, Deirdre C. "How art h i s t o r i a n s look for information." Art Documentation 3 (Winter 1984): 117-119. This a r t i c l e i s derived from a larger quantitative study of art h i s t o r i a n s ' information gathering practices. A group of academic art h i s t o r i a n s were chosen for surveying. Their use of an " i n v i s i b l e college" often bypassed art l i b r a r i a n s , potential gatekeepers, for other sources of authoritative information. Conclusions drawn for art l i b r a r y information service point toward increased needs for c l i e n t / l i b r a r i a n communication. Stam, Deirdre C. "Remembrance of things past: mental processes of the art reference l i b r a r i a n . " Art Documentation 4 (Winter 1985): 139-141. Surveys the mental and physical means used in art reference work. Types of questions, users and context determine the l i b r a r i a n ' s approach; three hypothetical question scenarios are described. What art reference tools are needed and how they are chosen are subject to the art l i b r a r i a n ' s interpretation of previous experiences and t r a i n i n g . A pattern of consistency i s found based on the nature of art l i t e r a t u r e and information r e t r i e v a l . Starr, Daniel A. "Behind AACR2: an introduction for the reference l i b r a r i a n . " In AACR2 goes public, 7-11. ARLIS/NA Occasional Papers no. 1. Tucson: ARLIS/NA, 1982. Explanation of the p r i n c i p l e s of the Anglo American Cataloging Rules, second edition, for art reference service. Emphasis on " d i r e c t entry," approaching catalog entries e f f e c t i v e l y , and how reference l i b r a r i a n s can overcome confusion about interpretation. Thompson, Enid T. "Services in the museum l i b r a r y . " In Museum l i b r a r i a n s h i p , 67-78. Reviews types of reference questions, approaches to s t a f f research needs, subject i n q u i r i e s , service to non-staff scholars and other users. Suggests traditional and optional l i b r a r y services, e.g., l i t e r a t u r e searching, bibliographic compilation, indexing and r e f e r r a l . Turpin, Lyn. "Art and design." In Reader services in polytechnic l i b r a r i e s , 116-139. Edited by John Fletcher. London: Gower, 1985. Surveys art information service in B r i t i s h polytechnic l i b r a r i e s ; academic l i b r a r i a n s h i p functions described include user education, online database searching and s l i d e s management. "Victorian user survey." ARLIS/ANZ News, no. 20 (October 1985): 13-16. Example of an Australian art resources survey. User p r o f i l e s -42-

established and s t a t i s t i c s compiled on: l i b r a r i e s used l o c a l l y , i n t e r i i b r a r y loans, need for research travel, collection inadequacies and adequacies. Results drawn describe state of information services at present. Ward, L.J. "Art reference work in a western l i b r a r y . " ALA B u i l e t i n 21 (1927): 332-334. An early examination of reference services at the Los Angeles Public L i b r a r y ' s Art Department. Information needs come from the community and special cultural interests in southern California (U.S.) e . g . , local architecture, costume, the film industry, art and music clubs, and design. D.2.

Bibliographic Documentation & Provision

Aboyade, B.O. "Access to primary source materials in the humanities." International Library Review 8 (June 1976): 309-316. Explains how these materials function as an integral part of preserving African cultural heritage; discussed from a Nigerian perspective, with emphasis on art information. Austen, Benedict."The information needs of industrial designers." In A reader in art 1ibrarianship, 73-79. [ F i r s t published in Art L i b r a r i e s Journal 3 (Autumn 1978): 5-16.] Design information needs transcend book materials. Visual images and objects must be incorporated into reference service processes. Baxter, Paula A. "Using an art database in an academic l i b r a r y . " Art Documentation 2 (Summer 1983): 89-90. The author's experiences using the DIALOG system f i l e A r t B i b liographies Modern are recounted. Undergraduate art student (U.S.) research was f a c i l i t a t e d by use of the database; examples of bibliographic compilation, successful queries, type of database use s i t u a t i o n s , problems and predictions offered. Boswick, Arthur E. "The l i b r a r y and commercial a r t . " In A reader in art 1ibrarianship, 80-85. [ F i r s t published in Special L i b r a r i e s 10 ( A p r i l 1919): 61-64.] Early a r t i c l e on special needs for provision of design materials for commercial art usage in a U.S. public l i b r a r y . Brady, Darlene, and William Serban. "Searching the visual a r t s : an a n a l y s i s of online information access." Online 5 (October 1981): 12-32. The authors examine available bibliographic databases (U.S.) and how an i n t e r d i s c i p l i n a r y application of relevant f i l e s can a s s i s t visual arts research. Information on stained g l a s s i s extracted, in demonstrated steps, from a variety of sources.

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Bryon, J.F.W. "The d e s i g n of l i b r a r y p u b l i c a t i o n s . " A r t L i b r a r i e s Journal 3 (Summer 1978): 28-40. A r t l i b r a r i e s can produce in-house p u b l i c a t i o n s f o r information s e r v i c e . T h i s a r t i c l e examines important g u i d e l i n e s and p r a c t i c e s f o r p u b l i c a t i o n design and format. C l a r i t y and economy s t r e s s e d . Colloques Internationaux du Centre National de l a Recherche S c i e n t i f i q u e . B i b l i o g r a p h i e d ' h i s t o i r e de l ' a r t , P a r i s 24, 25, 26 Mars 1969. P a r i s : É d i t i o n s du Centre National de la Recherche S c i e n t i f i q u e , 1969. Conference with r e p o r t s from 56 c o n t r i b u t o r s on national and international art bibliographies, art bibliographie u t i l i t i e s , methodology and i n t e r n a t i o n a l cooperative p r o j e c t s . De Marco, E l i z a b e t h . "Database searching at Onondaga County P u b l i c L i b r a r y : advantages f o r the a r t and music department." A r t Documentation 2 (Summer 1983): 90-91. A p u b l i c l i b r a r y a r t l i b r a r i a n ' s ( U . S . ) r e f e r r a l of a r t q u e r i e s f o r database searches i s based on subject knowledge and understanding of information needs. Fawcett, Trevor. "The a v a i l a b i l i t y of a r t and d e s i g n p u b l i c a t i o n s in l i b r a r i e s and through i n t e r - l i b r a r y loan s e r v i c e s . " ARLIS Newsletter ( U . K . ) , no. 23 (June 1975): 8-13. R e s u l t s of an ARLIS survey of reference c o l l e c t i o n s and i n t e r l i b r a r y loan e f f e c t i v e n e s s over a 9 month period. D e f i c i e n c i e s d e s c r i b e d in local and national p r o v i s i o n of a r t information. Fawcett, Trevor. "Control of text and images: t r a d i t i o n and i n n o v a t i o n . " In A reader in a r t 1 i b r a r i a n s h i p , 133-141. [ F i r s t p u b l i s h e d in A r t L i b r a r i e s Journal 7 (Summer 1982): 7 - 1 6 . ] An overview of the p a r a l l e l developments in a r t h i s t o r i c a l documentation and advances in the new technology. E f f i c i e n t p r o v i s i o n of b i b l i o g r a p h i c m a t e r i a l s means overcoming problems in c a t a l o g i n g , subject a n a l y s i s and information r e t r i e v a l . I d e n t i f i c a t i o n of special elements in the d i s c i p l i n e of a r t h i s t o r y can be matched with research project needs. French, Sonia. "Marketing the a r t l i b r a r y . " In A reader in A r t 1 i b r a r i a n s h i p , 91-97. [ F i r s t p u b l i s h e d in A r t L i b r a r i e s Journal 2 (Summer 1977): 1 1 - 1 9 . ] P u b l i c s e r v i c e i s enhanced by "marketing" or promotion of the a r t l i b r a r y and what i t o f f e r s . A r t reference l i b r a r i a n s can function as s c h o l a r l y " e n t r e p r e n e u r s " through d i r e c t communication, c r e a t i o n of p u b l i c a t i o n s , e x h i b i t i o n s and s e r v i c e s to teachers. P r o v i s i o n of s e r v i c e i s r e v i t a l i z e d ; a p r o j e c t " A r t Pack" s u c c e s s f u l l y a s s i s t e d local a r t s education.

Gibson, Sarah S c o t t . "Humanistic and s e c u l a r iconography 16th to 18th c e n t u r i e s ; b i b l i o g r a p h i c sources: a p r e l i m i n a r y b i b l i o g r a p h y . " Special L i b r a r i e s 72 ( J u l y 1981): 249-260. -44-

Iconographie sources f o r research are a s p e c i f i c , often complex, part of a r t information p r o v i s i o n . The author examines the nature of these resources and o f f e r s a sample l i s t of major works. Halpenny, Frances G. "An agenda f o r b i b l i o g r a p h y in the f i n e a r t s . " Canadian A r t L i b r a r i e s Newsletter 5 (October 1980): 11-20. An a r t i c l e on compiling useful national b i b l i o g r a p h i e s on a r t and a r t i s t s , with Canada's s i t u a t i o n f o r b i b l i o g r a p h i c p r o v i s i o n described.

Houghton, Beth. "The documentati on of contemporary a r t . " A r t L i b r a r i e s Journal 5 (Autumn 1980): 12-25. Non-book, n o n t r a d i t i o n a l m a t e r i a l s are part of current a r t documentation and special c o n s i d e r a t i o n s must be made in p r o v i s i o n of information derived from such ephemera. M a t e r i a l s are i d e n t i f i e d : advertisements, announcements, press r e l e a s e s , p o s t e r s , a r t i s t s ' books and statements, etc. S u g g e s t i o n s f o r documentation formats are made. P r e s e r v a t i o n importance i s noted. J a c q u i e r , E. " L ' É d u c a t i o n esthétique et l e s l e c t e u r s dans l e s b i b l i o t h è q u e s de l e c t u r e p u b l i q u e . " A s s o c i a t i o n des B i b l i o t h é c a i r e s F r a n ç a i s , B u l l e t i n d ' I n f o r m a t i o n s , no. 36 (November 1961): 179183. Account of how a French l i b r a r y a i d s a r t education and information by holding p u b l i c l e c t u r e s . J a n t j e s , Gavin. "The words about u s . " A r t L i b r a r i e s Journal 8 (Winter 1983): 14-22. Documentation of A f r i c a n a r t and a r t i s t s i s d i s c u s s e d in the context of the A f r i c a n s ' own experiences and c u l t u r a l s e l f identification. Kaden, Vera. "General a r t b i b l i o g r a p h i e s . " In A r t 1 i b r a r y manual, 1-13. Defines the nature of b i b l i o g r a p h i e s , types of a r t b i b l i o g r a p h i e s , c a t a l o g s of a r t l i b r a r i e s as b i b l i o g r a p h i e s and examples. Kaplan, Robin. "Suggested improvements in a r t b i b l i o g r a p h y . " Special L i b r a r i e s 64 (March 1973): 130-134. The a r t f i e l d has not kept up with b i b l i o g r a p h i c control demands. S c h o l a r l y needs in a r t h i s t o r y were examined through a q u e s t i o n n a i r e about p u b l i s h i n g p r o j e c t s and l i b r a r y s e r v i c e s . The l i b r a r i a n ' s r o l e in a r t research i s extrapolated from q u e s t i o n n a i r e r e s u l t s ; cooperation and communication t i e s are needed. Karpel, Bernard. " O b j e c t i v e s in b i b l i o g r a p h y . " In Modern a r t i s t s in America, 166-172. Edited by Robert Motherwell. New York: Wittenborn, 1952. A c l a s s i c preface by a p r o l i f i c b i b l i o g r a p h e r which examines the i n c r e a s i n g d i f f i c u l t i e s in documenting modern a r t comprehensive-

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l y . O u t l i n e s important sources, a l b e i t s e l e c t i v e l y , t h e i r competence and current inadequacy. Ideas f o r the development of contemporary b i b l i o g r a p h y .

Kraeva, N. "Propaganda knig po isskustvu/Propaganda of a r t books." B i b l i o t e k a r (February 1955): 34-35. A v a r i e t y of a c t i v i t i e s are employed by the Lemonosov Urban L i b r a r y in Arkhangelsk ( U . S . S . R . ) to promote a r t education. Music and a r t e x h i b i t i o n s , performances and r e a d e r s ' forums take place in l i b r a r y evenings. A r t books, p e r i o d i c a l s , scrapbooks, albums and s e l e c t i v e b i b l i o g r a p h i e s are made a v a i l a b l e . M i l h a i l o v i c , C, " C é C i l e : une base de donees de d e s i g n au Centre National d ' A r t et de Culture Georges Pompidou." A r t L i b r a r y Journal 9 (Autumn/Winter 1984): 48-57. [ E n g l i s h t e x t p u b l i s h e d in INSPEL 18 ( 1 9 8 4 ) : 1 0 - 1 7 . ] Describes the c r e a t i o n of a b i b l i o g r a p h i c database c o n t a i n i n g a r c h i t e c t u r e , design and a r t s - r e l a t e d research data. The CéCile program was offered f o r access through Telesystemes-Questel in 1982 and i t s scope, documentation, languages, s t r u c t u r e of e n t r i e s and f i e l d s are explained. Morley, Grace M. "The a r t museum l i b r a r y serves the c u r a t o r . " In A reader in A r t L i b r a r i a n s h i p , 48-50. [ F i r s t published in Special L i b r a r i e s 24 (May 1933): 8 6 - 8 8 . ] A b r i e f statement on the " i n d i s p e n s a b l e " r o l e of the museum l i b r a r y to c u r a t o r i a l research. D i s c u s s e s the special f u n c t i o n of l i b r a r y f a c i l i t i e s and p r o v i s i o n of information. Murray, Peter. "Some problems of an a r t h i s t o r i a n in a l i b r a r y . " In A reader in a r t l i b r a r i a n s h i p , 42-47. [ F i r s t p u b l i s h e d i n ARLIS Newsletter ( U . K . ) , no. 23 (June 1975): 4 - 7 . ] View of a user about l i b r a r i e s ' p r o v i s i o n of m a t e r i a l s . Resources do not always match the a r t h i s t o r i a n ' s needs; the user may want primary source information. Connections between o b j e c t s , s p e c i f i c non-art m a t e r i a l s and h i s t o r i c a l references are drawn. "The national p r o v i s i o n o f a r t , a r c h i t e c t u r e and d e s i g n documentation: a d i s c u s s i o n paper f o r the B r i t i s h L i b r a r y Working Group." ARLIS U.K. News-sheet, no. 39 (November 1982): 6 - 1 1 . A c l e a r l y defined model paper on national needs/requirements f o r proper p r o v i s i o n of a r t m a t e r i a l s and the r o l e of three major national l i b r a r i e s ( U . K . ) : B r i t i s h L i b r a r y , Tate G a l l e r y L i b r a r y , RIBA L i b r a r y ; user needs viewpoint of a c q u i s i t i o n s and a v a i l a b i l i t y . Nurcombe, V a l e r i e J . "Databases in a r c h i t e c t u r e . " A r t L i b r a r i e s Journal 9 ( S p r i n g 1984): 44-60. A B r i t i s h e v a l u a t i o n of current databases with a r c h i t e c t u r e i n f o r m a t i o n , a r t and t e c h n i c a l l y based contents. Problems with terminology, growth and r e t r o s p e c t i v e coverage c i t e d and user c o n s i d e r a t i o n s are pointed out. -46-

Okubo, Itsuo. "Problems in art history documentation in Japan." INSPEL 15 (1981): 96-107. [ F i r s t published in Art L i b r a r i e s Journal 5 (Winter 1980): 25-33.] The documentation of art l i t e r a t u r e in Japan has grown steadily since the end of the l a s t century, often as a result of national research projects. Art l i b r a r i e s and art i n s t i t u t i o n s have not developed cooperative networking as yet. Cooperation for acq u i s i t i o n s and " t o t a l " provision of book and visual materials i s needed. Rinehart, Michael. " A r t databases and art bibliographies: a survey." Art Libraries Journal 7 (Summer 1982): 17-31. A review of h i s t o r i c a l developments in automation of art b i b l i o graphic t o o l s , e.g., serial bibliographies, indexes and abstracting services, library catalogs and individual machine-readable projects. Objectives in cooperation, standardization of content and form and system compatibility are proposed. Rouit, Huguette. "Presentation du repertoire bibliographique d'ouvrages en langue française." INSPEL 14 (1979): 28-55. Account of French art bibliographic/reference sources which supplement existing non-French language works. Citations l i s t e d . Schecter, llene R. " A r t database searching." Art Documentation 1 (Summer 1982): 94-95. A table of available databases for art research, l i s t i n g focus, database name, p r i n t equivalent, topics, materials indexed, academic level and descriptive notes. Schug, Albert. "Neue informationsformen in der kunstgeschichte." Pantheon 39 (July/September 1981): 264-270. Art information and documentation for art history has been affected by new technology. An examination of developments in German art l i b r a r i e s which have a s s i s t e d improved textual and visual r e t r i e v a l , e . g . , the Marburger Index. Microforms, computer tabbed data forms and photo-documentation allow large groups of information to be accessed for reference purposes. "Special issue on the bibliography of Australian a r t . " ARLIS/ANZ News, no. 15 (1983): 5-24. A r t i c l e s on preparation of national art bibliographies on specific media, e.g., c r a f t s , architecture, painting and p r i n t s . Stimmel, E. "Arbeiten zur kunstbibliographie/Works in the f i e l d of art bibliography." Zentralblatt für Bibliothekswesen 90 (November 1976): 518-519. Description of three national bibliographic publication projects on: fine arts in the DDR; i l l u s t r a t e d books; and art s e r i a l s .

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S t o k e s , Roy. " F l o r e a t B i b l i o g r a p h i a ! " Canadian A r t L i b r a r i e s Newsletter 5 (October 1980): 4-10. A r e d e f i n i t i o n of the f u n c t i o n of b i b l i o g r a p h i e s and a r t m a t e r i a l s . The author c a l l s f o r an understanding of the a r t b o o k ' s components in the context of textual a n a l y s i s . Toupin, J u a n i t a M. "Deux p r o j e t s de p u b l i c a t i o n s du Musée des BeauxA r t s de M o n t r é a l . " B u l l e t i n d ' I c o n o g r a p h i e Canadienne Annee 1984: 41-63. The museum's l i b r a r i a n d e s c r i b e s two recent p u b l i c a t i o n s , t h e i r research process, and relevance to Canadian a r t h i s t o r y . Tiimmers, H.J. " B i b l i o g r a p h i s c h e a r b e i t e n der k u n s t b i b l i o t h e k e n . " In B i b l i o t h e k s a r b e i t Heute, 192-198. F r a n k f u r t am Main: Klostermann, 1973. An account of German a r t l i b r a r i e s ' b i b l i o g r a p h i c a l p u b l i c a t i o n programs since 1960. I n d i v i d u a l and cooperative documentation e f f o r t s attempt to draw together information on national resources. Vyas, H. Kumar. "The d e s i g n e r in a developing country and the information he needs." INSPEL 19 ( 1 9 8 5 ) : 81-91. D e s c r i b e s the National I n s t i t u t e of Design ( I n d i a ) scheme f o r c o l l e c t i n g and documenting m a t e r i a l s , i n c l u d i n g in r u r a l areas, which balance t r a d i t i o n a l and academic needs. Scheme could serve as a model f o r a r t m a t e r i a l s / i n f o r m a t i o n p r o v i s i o n in developing c o u n t r i e s . W i l l i a m s o n , Mary. "The tyranny of d i s t a n c e : a r t l i b r a r i e s in Canada." A r t L i b r a r i e s Journal 8 ( S p r i n g 1983): 59-72. Although t h i s a r t i c l e i s p r i m a r i l y a h i s t o r y of Canadian a r t l i b r a r y development, the national attempts at p r o v i s i o n of m a t e r i a l s and information are considered. S p e c i a l i z e d resources have been assembled and research needs a n t i c i p a t e d in the face of Canada's great regional d i f f e r e n c e s .

D.3.

B i b l i o g r a p h i c I n s t r u c t i o n & User S t u d i e s

B o j i n , Minda Α . , and L e s l i e H. Tepper. "The r o l e of the museum l i b r a r y in support of educational and outreach programs. In Museum 1 i b r a r i a n s h i p , 79-87. Educational s e r v i c e which can be provided by the l i b r a r y i s d e s c r i b e d : support f o r e x h i b i t s t a f f , museum v i s i t o r s , and o u t reach programming i s achieved by l i b r a r y - b a s e d research and p r e p a r a t i o n of m a t e r i a l s . C a r r i c k , N e v i l l e . How to f i n d out about the v i s u a l a r t s . London: Pergamon P r e s s , 1965. 164 pp. B r i t i s h p u b l i c a t i o n on research methods, b i b l i o g r a p h i c i n s t r u c t i o n and o r g a n i z a t i o n .

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Hatt, Frank. " L i b r a r y i n s t r u c t i o n , i n d i v i d u a l i s e d l e a r n i n g and independent l e a r n i n g s . " A r t L i b r a r i e s Journal 3 (Winter 1978): 5-16. D i s c u s s e s education which promotes l e a r n i n g research s k i l l s over broader subject knowledge. L i b r a r y - b a s e d teaching has v a r i o u s means and uses, e s p e c i a l l y in art and design l i b r a r i e s where information can be obtained i n l e s s obvious forms. D e s c r i b e s what i s s u e s should go i n t o l i b r a r y i n s t r u c t i o n courses and t h e i r g o a l s . Hatt, Frank. "My k i n d of l i b r a r y - t u t o r i n g . " In A reader in a r t 1 i b r a r i a n s h i p , 63-71. [ F i r s t published in L i b r a r y A s s o c i a t i o n Record (London) 70 (October 1968): 258-261.] An a r t l i b r a r i a n ' s e v a l u a t i o n of user education techniques that work. P r i n c i p l e s of b i b l i o g r a p h i c i n s t r u c t i o n defined through i n s t r u c t i o n s e s s i o n s c e n a r i o s . Houghton, Beth. "Conference report: a r t and d e s i g n in p o l y t e c h n i c l i b r a r i e s . " ARLIS Newsletter ( U . K . ) , no. 25 (December 1975): 21-25. Summary of ARLIS/UK conference papers on b i b l i o g r a p h i c education in the context o f B r i t i s h p o l y t e c h n i c c o l l e g e s . L i b r a r y c o l l e c t i o n s and f a c i l i t i e s are examined f o r t h e i r r o l e in educational p l a n n i n g . Houghton, Beth. "Whatever happened to t u t o r 1 i b r a r i a n s h i p ? " A r t L i b r a r i e s Journal 1 (Winter 1976): 4-19. D i s c u s s i o n of B r i t i s h reader i n s t r u c t i o n performed by t u t o r l i b r a r i a n s . The a u t h o r ' s experiences as a f u l l t i m e t u t o r l i b r a r i a n in a r t and design reveal i t s problematic r o l e in academic c u r riculum and educational philosophy. T a c t i c s f o r l i b r a r y i n s t r u c t i o n , a i d s , timing and venue are examined. I r v i n e , Betty Jo. " B i b l i o g r a p h i c i n s t r u c t i o n f o r graduate a r t h i s t o r y s t u d e n t s . " A r t L i b r a r i e s Journal 3 (Autumn 1978): 27-34. D e s c r i b e s a systematic approach to teaching a short course f o r graduate students at Indiana U n i v e r s i t y ( U . S . ) . O b j e c t i v e s are l i s t e d and course procedure, major b i b l i o g r a p h i c r e s o u r c e s , l e c t u r e t o p i c s and c l a s s p r o j e c t are o u t l i n e d . Jones, L o i s Swan. A r t research, methods and r e s o u r c e s : a guide to f i n d i n g a r t information. Rev. ed. Dubuque: K e n d a l l ; Hunt, 1984. An important textbook f o r b i b l i o g r a p h i c i n s t r u c t i o n . S e c t i o n s are f o r : d e f i n i n g the study; understanding r e f e r e n c e s ; b a s i c research techniques, e . g . , compiling b i b l i o g r a p h i e s , b i o g r a p h i c a l , provenance, a r c h i t e c t u r a l and a d d i t i o n a l i n v e s t i g a t i o n s ; types of research t o o l s ; d e c i p h e r i n g b i b l i o g r a p h i c r e f e r e n c e s ; types of a r t research l i b r a r i e s , and v a r i o u s forms, charts and examples. Koppleman, Connie. " O r i e n t a t i o n and i n s t r u c t i o n in academic a r t l i b r a r i e s . " Special L i b r a r i e s 67 (May/June 1976): 5 - 6 , 256-260,. Methodologies f o r b i b l i o g r a p h i c i n s t r u c t i o n outlined," e . g . , t o u r s , w r i t t e n g u i d e s , c o u r s e s . The teaching process i s examined with

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d e s c r i p t i o n s of U.S. cooperative groups f o r c u r r i c u l a , s y l l a b i and other i n s t r u c t i o n a l m a t e r i a l s . Larsen, John C. "The use of a r t reference sources in museum l i b r a r i e s . " Special L i b r a r i e s 62 (November 1971): 481-486. A user study that t a b u l a t e s the v a r i e t y and commonality of reference t o o l s in 60 U.S. museum l i b r a r i e s . R e s u l t s show d i f f e r i n g a t t i t u d e s and ranking of reference sources — and many needs. Lichten, Frances. " A r t l i b r a r i e s and l i b r a r i a n s : o b s e r v a t i o n s of a u s e r . " In A reader in a r t 1 i b r a r i a n s h i p , 37-41. [ F i r s t published in Special L i b r a r i e s 50 (March 1959): 102-105.] A u t h o r ' s experiences, orthodox and unusual, in using a U.S. a r t l i b r a r y . Describes s u c c e s s f u l i n t e r a c t i o n s between author and a r t i s t t r a i n e d a r t l i b r a r i a n s while searching f o r t e x t s and images. M a l l e y , Ian. "Research i n t o p r a c t i c e in user e d u c a t i o n . " A r t L i b r a r i e s Journal 3 (Autumn 1978): 17-26. Problems e x i s t in l i b r a r y user education. The author looks at current B r i t i s h p r a c t i c e s and the need f o r u n i f i e d research and development that can be implemented by l i b r a r i a n s and adapted to t h e i r subject f i e l d s . Pacey, P h i l i p . "How a r t students use l i b r a r i e s . " In A reader in a r t 1 i b r a r i a n s h i p , 51-55. [ F i r s t published in A r t L i b r a r i e s Journal 7 ( S p r i n g 1982): 3 3 - 3 8 . ] An i l l u s t r a t i v e d i s c u s s i o n of students and t h e i r s e l f - t a u g h t or a s s i s t e d i n s t r u c t i o n in a r t l i b r a r y usage. Conclusions drawn about helpful contexts f o r user education, e s p e c i a l l y in d e s i g n . S i n g e r , Loren, and E l i z a b e t h Sacca. V i s u a l a r t s reference and research guide: f o r a r t i s t s , educators, c u r a t o r s , h i s t o r i a n s and t h e r a p i s t s . Montreal: Perspecto P r e s s , 1984. A textbook f o r c l a s s or i n d i v i d u a l b i b l i o g r a p h i c i n s t r u c t i o n in a r t reference sources. Approach i s t a i l o r e d to a broad range of arts-related professions. " S p e c i a l i s s u e on t u t o r - 1 i b r a r i a n s h i p . " ARLIS Newsletter ( U . K . ) , no. 8 (June 1971): 3-13. Five a r t i c l e s on aspects of t h i s s p e c i a l i z e d , B r i t i s h approach to b i b l i o g r a p h i c i n s t r u c t i o n . "Survey of b i b l i o g r a p h i c i n s t r u c t i o n in the v i s u a l a r t s . " ARLIS/NA Newsletter 9 (December 1981): suppl. 6 pp. The survey of " t y p e , level and content" of t e x t s and i n s t r u c t i o n i s made up of 14 q u e s t i o n s , i n c l u d i n g : forms of i n s t r u c t i o n ; course o b j e c t i v e s ; educational m a t e r i a l s a v a i l a b l e ; a u d i o - v i s u a l a i d s ; g r a d i n g ; teaching and e v a l u a t i o n methods.

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User education in art and design: theory into practice. Edited by Mike Avann and Kath Wood. (United Kingdom): ARLIS, 1980. 63 pp. Eleven articles on British art librarians' rationale for library user education; covers many aspects of art and design bibliographic instruction including methodologies, sources, objectives and development of a syllabus.

Westbee, M. "Kunst i skolen og folkebibliotekene/Art in school and public libraries." Bok og Bibliotek 20 (2 May 1953): 140-142. Describes how a school system in Oslo (Norway) developed a joint education program using the public library's picture collections to develop interest in art.

E. ART LIBRARY TECHNICAL SERVICES

E.l.

Classification & Subject Access

ARLIS/UK. Report of the Dewey Decimal Classification Working Party 1975-1977. (Prepared by John Faughey, David Huxley, David Cheetham). (Kingston upon Thames): ARLIS, 1978. 16 pp. A British subcommittee constituted by ARLIS in 1975 reports on revisions to the art schedules of DC and the relationship of these changes to the British Library's Bibliographical Services Division. Recommendations for schedule revisions notably in graphic art and related design areas; monographs; and museums and galleries.

Asheim, Lester. "Fine arts." In The humanities and the library: problems in the interpretation, evaluation and use of library, material s, 100-150. Chicago: American Library Assoc., 1957. 297 pp. Practical, though dated, examination of classification, organization and cataloging systems, their history and philosophy.

Baker, Sylva C. "Organizing the collection." In Museum librarianship, 35-49. Describes various museum library arrangements of contents and catalogs. All systems should be based on user convenience. Access to materials must also be done from the viewpoint of museum staff's information needs. Acknowledges the special functions of periodicals, nonprint materials, binding and weeding.

Barnett, Patricia. "The collection formula: an experiment in structuring headings." Special Libraries 70 (December 1979): 533-541. The formula was devised at the Metropolitan Museum of Art (U.S.) to assist standardizing of subject heading and cataloging practices. Formula is charted and its principles explained with many examples.

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B r o x i s , Peter F. "Faceted c l a s s i f i c a t i o n and the f i n e a r t s . " Journal of Documentation 21 (March 1966): 40-54. A p r o j e c t which used faceted c l a s s i f i c a t i o n of f i n e art m a t e r i a l s in a B r i t i s h c o l l e g e l i b r a r y . Amendments made to the scheme f o r h i s t o r i c a l period, s u b j e c t s for a r t i s t i c r e p r e s e n t a t i o n , s c h o o l , s t y l e and country, and appendix of c l a s s i f i e d n o t a t i o n s . B r o x i s , Peter F. O r g a n i z i n g the a r t s . Hamden, CT : Archon Books, 1968. 132 pp. The author devised an a l t e r n a t i v e form of c l a s s i f i c a t i o n s y s t e m i z a t i o n f o r a r t l i b r a r i e s , based on h i s experiences at the Barking College of Technology ( U . K . ) ; t h i s faceted c l a s s i f i c a t i o n uses aspects of UDC, Dewey, LC, e t c . , but f o r better a c c e s s i n g and terminology usage purposes.

B u l l , Adrian D. " C l a s s i f i c a t i o n of a r t books: an experiment." ARLIS U.K. News-sheet, no. 1 (June 1976): 5 - 7 . D e s c r i b e s a local experiment in c l a s s i f i c a t i o n m o d i f i c a t i o n f o r the a r t book c o l l e c t i o n at the Teeside College of A r t ( U . K . ) . C a l l e d " A r t A D E S , " i t i s comprised of a l p h a b e t i c a l , Dewey-based extended n o t a t i o n s used in v a r i o u s c a t e g o r i e s , e . g . , a r t i s t s ' names, media, Dewey sequence. " C l a s s i f i c a t i o n schemes in use in some a r t c o l l e g e l i b r a r i e s . " ARLIS Newsletter ( U . K . ) , no. 5 (September 1970): 2 - 1 0 . I n v e s t i g a t e s local a r t l i b r a r y c l a s s i f i c a t i o n schemes f o r Chelsea School of A r t , Croyden College of A r t , Royal College of A r t and S h e f f i e l d P o l y t e c h n i c School of A r t and Design. D i s c u s s e s amendments or new systems each l i b r a r y adopted to make m a t e r i a l s more a c c e s s i b l e . Couprie, L.D. " I c o n c l a s s : an iconographie c l a s s i f i c a t i o n system." A r t L i b r a r i e s Journal 8 (Summer 1983): 32-49. I c o n o c l a s s was created at the U n i v e r s i t y of Leiden (Netherlands) as a c l a s s i f i c a t i o n system f o r western a r t ; imagery i s notated into c a t e g o r i e s f o r s u b j e c t , theme and motif. Samples o f scheme, a l p h a b e t i c a l index and b i b l i o g r a p h i c references provided. C u r r i e , G i l l i a n . " C l a s s i f i c a t i o n f o r a r t l i b r a r i e s — a new look at L i b r a r y of Congress c l a s s i f i c a t i o n . " ARLIS/ANZ News 13 (December 1982): 10-13. D e s c r i p t i o n of a r t c l a s s i f i c a t i o n m o d i f i c a t i o n scheme at the A u s t r a l i a n National G a l l e r y L i b r a r y . The LC C l a s s Ν was expanded to accomodate s h e l f c o l l o c a t i o n by s t y l i s t i c s c h o o l s ; examples of c l a s s i f i c a t i o n expansion g i v e n . Fawcett, Trevor. " C l a s s i f y i n g a r t sub specie a e t e r n i t a t i s . " L i b r i 16 (1966): 81-86. S u g g e s t s m o d i f i c a t i o n s to e x i s t i n g a r t c l a s s i f i c a t i o n schemes based on h i s t o r i c a l p r i n c i p l e s . P h i l o s o p h i c a l arguments underline d i s c u s s i o n of n o t a t i o n . -52-

Fawcett, Trevor. "The problem of the artefact: subject l i m i t s of the art l i b r a r y . " In A reader in art l i b r a r i a n s h i p , 123-132. [ F i r s t published in Art Libraries Journal 4 (Winter 1979): 11-22.] A theoretical treatise on art, which transcends aesthetic v a l uation, as a d i s c i p l i n e containing a r t i f a c t s interrelated to others, e . g . , archeology, social anthropology, and technology. Art as a r t i f a c t s requires appropriate c l a s s i f i c a t i o n s (lacking "aesthetized" prejudgment) and better subject access than traditional systems. Fawcett, Trevor. "Zusammengehörigkeitsgefühl." Library Association Record (London) 32 (April 1965): 124-126, 143. Argues for the inefficiency of traditional art c l a s s i f i c a t i o n systems. Problems in subdivision basis, by medium, place or chronology, are discussed in terms of s h i f t i n g intellectual and i n s t i t u t i o n a l access needs. " F i n a l draft: Cataloging Advisory Committee Position Paper: subject headings for individual works of a r t . " ARLIS/NA Newsletter 6 (May 1978): 39-43. This ARLIS/NA committee developed a paper for referral to the Library of Congress Subject Cataloging D i v i s i o n . Proposals for treatment of individual works of art are discussed and examples given. Considerations made for anonymous works; entries under place, name or topic; and languages. " L i b r a r y c l a s s i f i c a t i o n schemes and the visual a r t s . " Edited by David J. Patten. ARLIS/NA Newsletter 4 (Summer 1976): suppl. 1-12. A series of short essays appraising special issues in c l a s s i f i cation for art l i b r a r i e s and users. Theory, h i s t o r i c a l background (LC and DDC) and specific applications are treated. Describes modified c l a s s i f i c a t i o n schemes created by the Metropolitan Museum, National Gallery of A r t , American Crafts Council and the Archives of American Art. M o r r i s , Deborah. "Architecture and the fine a r t s : some schemes and modifications." Special L i b r a r i e s 23 (December 1932): 451-453. Review of nine early 20th century U.S. c l a s s i f i c a t i o n schemes for art materials; brief description of c l a s s sequence and subject emphasis. Many of these schemes are products of i n s t i t u t i o n a l c o l l e c t i o n arrangements, e . g . , Fogg Art Museum, Dartmouth College Library, I l l i n o i s Society of Architects. Noo, Madeleine M. de. Projekt systematische katalogus I I . Groningen: I n s t i t u u t voor Kunstgeschiedenis der R i j k s u n i v e r s i t e i t , 1982. 14 pp. This i s a paper on how personal faceted c l a s s i f i c a t i o n studies/ schemes could be implemented for an art/general l i b r a r y ' s holdings. Osumi, Akiko. "On the research and information center to be opened in the Tokyo National Museum." International Association of O r i e n t a l i s t Librarians B u l l e t i n 22/23 (1983): 30-34. -53-

T h i s overview of the Museum's Center t r e a t s i t s proposed u n i f i e d c l a s s i f i c a t i o n scheme and " i n t e r i m " card index/catalog. D i s c u s s e s plans for eventual computerized information r e t r i e v a l t i e d to c l a s s i f i e d media group. P a l a t s k y , C e l i n e . " A r t l i b r a r y subject headings system: the M e t r o p o l i t a n Museum of A r t . " Special L i b r a r i e s 67 (August 1976): 371-376. An account of the Museum's ( U . S . ) expansion of LCSH and A r t Index subject headings, in order to g i v e u s e r s b e t t e r access. Peterson, Toni. "The AAT: a model f o r the r e s t r u c t u r i n g of LCSH." Journal of Academic L i b r a r i a n s h i p 9 (September 1983): 207-210. D e s c r i b e s the A r t and A r c h i t e c t u r e Thesaurus P r o j e c t , i t s t r i a l s t a g e s , and improvements f o r subject heading terminology. Peterson, Toni. "The Role of the A r t and A r c h i t e c t u r e Thesaurus in automated data r e t r i e v a l . " In Automated p r o c e s s i n g of a r t h i s t o r y data and documents, 309-318. v o l . 1. P i s a : Scuola Normale S u p e r i o r e , 1984. The b u i l d i n g of a standardized thesaurus f o r the f i n e a r t s can lead to automated information s h a r i n g . D e s c r i b e s the e v o l u t i o n of t h i s p r o j e c t , i t s h i e r a r c h i e s of terms and eventual impact. Phi 11 pot, C l i v e . "Chelsea School of A r t L i b r a r y c l a s s i f i c a t i o n scheme, nth e d i t i o n . " A r t L i b r a r i e s Journal 3 (Summer 1978): 15-20. D e s c r i b e s the l o c a l c l a s s i f i c a t i o n scheme d e v i s e d f o r t h i s U.K. l i b r a r y . Reviews p r o g r e s s in c l a s s i f i c a t i o n s u b d i v i s i o n s since report in " C l a s s i f i c a t i o n schemes in u s e . . . , " 2 - 5 . Revised n o t a t i o n s serve access needs to modern/contemporary a r t forms and movements. Scheme has expanded to accomodate student s e a r c h i n g .

Ramsden, Michael J . , and Dorothy Harrop. "General problems of c l a s s i f i c a t i o n in a r t l i b r a r i e s . " ARLIS Newsletter ( U . K . ) , no. 6 (December 1970): 7 - 8 . A b r i e f t r e a t i s e on l i b r a r y c l a s s i f i c a t i o n of a r t m a t e r i a l s , how terms should be enumerated and sequenced to a s s i s t u s e r s . Roddy, Kevin. "The Belmont Conference on Subject A c c e s s . " Vi suai Resources 2 ( F a l l / W i n t e r 1981/Spring 1982): 101-111. Report o f a conference i n the U.S. where a working group of a r t h i s t o r i a n s , l i b r a r i a n s and v i s u a l resource c u r a t o r s met to d i s c u s s standards i n subject access to iconographie terminology, f o r indexing and vocabulary purposes. The a r t i c l e p r o v i d e s a good o u t l i n e to current subject c l a s s i f i c a t i o n problems in the v i s u a l a r t s , h i e r a r c h i e s , s u b c l a s s e s and s y s t e m i z a t i o n . Smislova, Anna. " A r t subject headings: general p r i n c i p l e s . " A r t Documentation 2 (May 1983): suppl. A1-A8. D e s c r i b e s L i b r a r y of Congress subject headings' c a t e g o r i e s

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for:

name of a r t i s t , i n d i v i d u a l works, movements and groups; a r t form or genre; s t y l e ; h i s t o r i c a l p e r i o d ; content or theme; l o c a t i o n , and ownership of a r t .

" S u b j e c t headings f o r i n d i v i d u a l works of a r t , a r c h i t e c t u r e and analogous a r t i f a c t s and s t r u c t u r e s . " ARLIS/NA Newsletter 9 (December 1980): 7-11. Report of an ARLIS/NA C a t a l o g i n g A d v i s o r y Committee p o s i t i o n paper and i t s three o b j e c t i o n s to current LCSH p r a c t i c e s . D e s c r i b e s r e a c t i o n from LC and main ARLIS CAC recommendations, e . g . , names of b u i l d i n g s , m u l t i p l e access p o i n t s , e t c .

Walker, John A. " A r t l a b e l s . " ARLIS Newsletter ( U . K . ) , no. 11 ( J u l y 1972): 13-16. Reviews s t a n d a r d i z a t i o n and implementation needs f o r post-World War I I a r t terminology: how terms have developed, " j a r g o n " and the d i s c r e p a n c i e s between words and the a r t works they describe. Walker, John A. "A new general c l a s s i f i c a t i o n scheme: prospects and problems in r e l a t i o n to a r t l i b r a r i e s . " A R L I S Newsletter ( U . K . ) , no. 6 (December 1970): 8-12. I s o l a t e s reasons f o r B r i t i s h a r t l i b r a r y adoption of a general c l a s s i f i c a t i o n scheme. Describes new c l a s s e s , t h e i r chart of l e v e l s in order of complexity. Walker, W i l l i a m . " A r t books and p e r i o d i c a l s : Dewey and LC." L i b r a r y Trends 23 (January 1975): 451-470. An overview of c l a s s i f i c a t i o n s in U.S. a r t l i b r a r i e s , t h e i r enumerative nature, n o t a t i o n s based on s u b j e c t / d i s c i p l i n e o u t l i n e , and frequent m o d i f i c a t i o n s to accommodate s p e c i a l i z e d c o l l e c t i o n s . Dewey and L i b r a r y of Congress f i n e a r t s schedules reviewed. Wood, Kathryn. " I s c l a s s i f i c a t i o n n e u t r a l ? ; and a r e p l y by Trevor Fawcett." A r t L i b r a r i e s Journal 5 (Summer 1980): 32-35. Wood r e a c t s to Fawcett's "The problem of the a r t e f a c t . . . " She f e e l s h i s advocacy of " a r t e f a c t - b a s e d c l a s s i f i c a t i o n " c o n t a i n s m i s l e a d i n g p o i n t s and argues f o r a f l e x i b l e , i n t e r r o g a t i v e approach to a r t c l a s s i f y i n g . Fawcett's response i s that Wood's i n t e r p r e t a t i o n of h i s a r t i c l e misses h i s e s s e n t i a l agreement with her viewpoint; h i s t h e o r e t i c a l arguments are based on the premise t h a t a r t i s "determined by e v e r - v a r y i n g a t t i t u d e s and d i f f e r i n g human c o n t e x t s . "

E.2.

Cataloging

AACR 2 goes p u b l i c . ARLIS/NA Occasional Papers no. 1. Tucson: ARLIS/NA, 1982. 64 pp. Based on ARLIS/NA annual conference s e s s i o n , these four papers deal with a r t reference and general user r e a c t i o n to AACR 2, implementing the r e v i s i o n s i n t o c a t a l o g i n g and s e r i a l s p r o c e s s i n g . -55-

C o l l i n s , Jane D. " C a t a l o g i n g and c l a s s i f y i n g the e x h i b i t i o n c a t a l o g . " Special L i b r a r i e s 66 ( J u l y 1975): 313-320. Shows a system of s i m p l i f i e d c a t a l o g i n g used in two New York C i t y ( U . S . ) a r t g a l l e r y l i b r a r i e s ; these c a t a l o g i n g and c l a s s i f y i n g techniques are contrasted with l a r g e , research l i b r a r y networks. Special aspects of e x h i b i t i o n c a t a l o g s are pointed out. C o l l i n s , Jane D. " P l a n n i n g f o r r e t r o s p e c t i v e c o n v e r s i o n . " A r t Documentation 1 (Summer 1982): 92-94. Retrospective conversion i s d i s c u s s e d from the a r t l i b r a r y ' s p e r s p e c t i v e ; b a s i c steps f o r when, how, vendor s e l e c t i o n and future p r o s p e c t s , are d e s c r i b e d . Concludes with account of t r i a l project at the National G a l l e r y of A r t ( U . S . ) . Cuneo, Mary Jane. " A r t c a t a l o g i n g : l o o k i n q back in North America, 1972-1982." A r t L i b r a r i e s Journal 7 (Winter 1982): 11-22. A d e s c r i p t i v e survey of American a r t c a t a l o g i n g p r a c t i c e s ; the decade brought l i t t l e achievement in refinement of AACR and AACR 2 r u l e s a p p l i c a b l e to a r t , but was o f f s e t by advances in LCSH c a t a l o g i n g . These successes and f a i l u r e s in implementing change are well documented by the a r t i c l e ' s text and b i b l i o g r a p h i c references. F o s t e r , Donald L. " C a t a l o g i n g the e x h i b i t i o n c a t a l o g . " L i b r a r y Resources 8 ( S p r i n g 1964): 191-194. P o i n t s out v a r i o u s problems that a r i s e in the e x h i b i t i o n c a t a l o g c a t a l o g i n g process, e . g . , i n c o n s i s t e n c i e s in p a t r o n s ' concepts of main e n t r y , i n s u f f i c i e n t t i t l e page information. The author advocates c l o s e r a t t e n t i o n to c l a r i f i c a t i o n of c a t a l o g i n g codes. G o s l i n g , W.A. " C I P : a c a t a l o g i n g a i d f o r a r t l i b r a r i a n s . " ARLIS/NA Newsletter 2 (February 1974): 27-28. D e s c r i p t i o n of the C a t a l o g i n g in P u b l i c a t i o n ( C I P ) program and how a r t l i b r a r i a n s can use t h i s information to expedite c a t a l o g i n g E x p l a i n s notation elements and uses. C I P , while o r i g i n a t e d at the L i b r a r y of Congress ( U . S . ) , i s used i n t e r n a t i o n a l l y . Ho, Lucy C. " C a t a l o g i n g and c l a s s i f i c a t i o n of e x h i b i t i o n c a t a l o g s in the L i b r a r y of the M e t r o p o l i t a n Museum of A r t . " Special L i b r a r i e s 66 (August 1975): 372-377. T e l l s how the Museum ( U . S . ) handles these c a t a l o g s on an i n d i v i d ual b a s i s by f u l l c a t a l o g i n g or grouped e n t r i e s . Examples g i v e n . Howie, Bruce A. "The a r c h i t e c t u r e l i b r a r y : a c a t a l o g u e r ' s view — o r , are our problems your problems." ARLIS/ANZ News 11 (May 1982): 11-13. D e s c r i b e s the d i f f e r e n t types of m a t e r i a l s used in an a r c h i tecture l i b r a r y and the problems they generate f o r c a t a l o g i n g and access. Knospe, B e t t i n a . " K u n s t k a t a l o g e in B i b l i o t h e k e n . " Z e n t r a l b l a t t Bibliothekswesen 82 (1968): 529-531. -56-

für

The c a t a l o g i n g p o l i c y of the Sächsische Landesbibliothek i s d e s c r i b e d ; a l l e x h i b i t i o n c a t a l o g s receive c a t a l o g i n g and e n t r i e s in the b i o g r a p h i c a l catalog i f c a t a l o g s are not j u s t on s u b j e c t s . Lehmann-Brockhaus, 0. " B i b l i o t h e k des Zentral i n s t i t u t e s für Kunstgeschichte in München." Nachrichten für W i s s e n s c h a f t l i c h e B i b l i o t h e k e n 2 (March 1949): 35-39. An i n t e r e s t i n g h i s t o r i c a l account of t h i s l i b r a r y ' s p r i o r i t i e s f o r o r g a n i z a t i o n and c a t a l o g i n g of a r t m a t e r i a l s in order to provide greater ease in access. Löschburg, W i n f r i e d . "Kunstkataloge mit neuem G e h a l t . " Z e n t r a l b l a t t für Bibliothekwesen 82 (1968): 157-161. E x p l a i n s the c a t a l o g i n g p o l i c y of the German State L i b r a r y , i t s treatment of e x h i b i t i o n c a t a l o g s and t h e i r arrangement on the s h e l v e s . Catalogs are arranged a l p h a b e t i c a l l y by place and year of e x h i b i t i o n , more r e c e n t l y by subject. Uncataloged c a t a l o g s are placed in boxes, arranged by a r t i s t or place of e x h i b i t i o n . Noo, Madeleine M. de. Formeie en i n h o u d e l i j k e o n t s l u i t i n g van k u n s t h i s t o r i s c h e l i t e r a t u u r : een b i b l i o g r a f i e / T h e c a t a l o g i n g and subject indexing of a r t l i t e r a t u r e : a b i b l i o g r a p h y . Groningen: ( p r i v a t e l y p u b l i s h e d ) , 1984. 30 pp. A p e r s o n a l i z e d annotated b i b l i o g r a p h y to relevant l i b r a r y science p u b l i c a t i o n s on a r t c a t a l o g i n g . C o m p i l e r ' s d e s c r i p t i o n s emphasize important educational g u i d e l i n e s f o r the a r t l i b r a r i a n . Annotations cover the most important European, U . K . , and U.S. p u b l i c a t i o n s . Ram, Dhani. " A r t l i b r a r i e s : t h e i r need and f u n c t i o n s . " I n d i a n L i b r a r i a n 21 (December 1966): 128-134. An enumerative essay on the components of good a r t l i b r a r y o r g a n i z a t i o n and c a t a l o g i n g p r a c t i c e s . L i s t s types of data needed in a c a t a l o g entry, choices of c a t a l o g sequences, e . g . , a c c e s s i o n , a r t i s t , medium or c l a s s i f i e d sequence, headings and subheads f o r object c l a s s i f i c a t i o n used in the National G a l l e r y of Modern A r t (India). Schoneman, Ruth E. "Control of non-book p r i n t e d m a t e r i a l . " Museum News 29 (15 September 1951): 6 - 8 . D i s c u s s e s the importance of of b i b l i o g r a p h i c control f o r c a t a l o g i n g of non-monograph m a t e r i a l s , e . g . , p e r i o d i c a l s , pamphlets and auction c a t a l o g s , in the Ryerson and Burnham L i b r a r i e s , A r t I n s t i t u t e of Chicago ( U . S . ) . Smith, Gaye. "The problems of c e n t r a l i s e d c a t a l o g u i n g f o r u s e r s of a r t m a t e r i a l . " ARLIS Newsletter ( U . K . ) , no. 23 (June 1975): 18-22. C l a s s i f i c a t i o n can prove a disadvantage to c e n t r a l i z e d c a t a l o g i n g p r a c t i c e s . Dewey system numbers can be d i v e r t e d into unrelated or erroneous c a t e g o r i e s , and examples are given.

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Toyne, Derek. "Computerized cataloging at Falmouth School of A r t . " Art Libraries Journal 9 (Autumn/Winter 1984): 58-65. The author's account of the Art Library at Falmouth School of Art (U.K.) and i t s conversion to computer a s s i s t e d cataloging using BLAIZE; explains procedures, problems and the significance of automating the art l i b r a r y collection. Varveris, Therese. "A cataloguing manual for A u s t r a l i a . " Art Libraries Journal 6 (Summer 1981): 15-19. Relates how a plan for a national public art cataloging system began in 1975. Hoping ultimately to automate access to the public art c o l l e c t i o n s , the catalogers used a system based on U.S. museum practices but adapted i t to national art information contexts. Westerman, C. "Att katalogisera konst/To catalog a r t . " Β i b i i o t e k s bladet 57 (1972): 53-54. An account of a Swedish borough's project involving documentation of art monuments; system used was based on art l i b r a r y cataloging. E.3.

S e r i a l s Control

ARLIS union l i s t of periodicals on art design and related subjects. 3rd ed. Edited by John Kirby. (United Kingdom): ARLIS/UK, 1984. This i s an example of a national art l i b r a r y society project created to expedite shared resources and a v a i l a b i l i t y of s e r i a l s . Art s e r i a l s : union l i s t of art periodicals and series in research l i b r a r i e s in the Washington P.C. metropolitan area. Edited by Carolyn S. Larson. Washington, D.C.: Washington Art Library Resources Committee, 1981. unpaginated. A regional union l i s t for art s e r i a l s ; i t s format i s typical of such periodicals records created in a pre-automation format. Other projects of t h i s nature, especially national, have not materialized in the U.S. I r v i n e , Betty Jo, and Lyn Korenic. "Survey of periodical use in an academic art l i b r a r y . " Art Documentation 1 (October 1982): 148-151. This periodical usage survey was conducted over a two-year period at Indiana U n i v e r s i t y ' s Fine Arts Library. A s p e c i f i c , s c i e n t i f i c a l l y measured methodology was established and explained; a n a l y s i s of the data was linked to indexing a c c e s s i b i l i t y . S t a t i s t i c s could then be drawn up to serve as guidelines for serial cancellations and periodical a v a i l a b i l i t y . Lewis, Stanley. " P e r i o d i c a l s in the visual a r t s . " Library Trends 10 (January 1962): 330-352. A history of the intellectual growth of art periodicals and t h e i r treatment in l i b r a r i e s . Trends and tastes in periodical l i t e r a t u r e are investigated, in terms of their specific purposes. -58-

Phi 11 pot, Clive, and Beth Houghton. "Periodicals and serials." In Art library manual, 140-167. A textbook approach to the nature and function of serials control. Explores selection, acquisition and exploitation of periodicals, and provides bibliographic references.

Postlethwaite, Bonnie. "The impact of AACR 2 on serials processing: beyond cataloging." In AACR 2 goes public, 54-62. Investigates how serials users view the card catalog, what AACR 2 changes mean for access, the serial record and check-in, and what decisions for technical services the serials librarian faces.

Reichardt, Jasia. "Art critics, journalists and reporters." Art Libraries Journal 1 (Summer 1976): 22-31. Treats the role of magazines as vehicles for art information and original art. Types of documentation, writers and audience are defined; this information can lead to better bibliographic control.

E.4.

Indexing & Abstracting

Boaden, Sue. "Computerized indexing of the Australia Council clippings file." ARLIS/ANZ News 16 (December 1983/ February 1984): 22-26. Report on the organization of the Council's press clippings and a proposal for automated indexing of their contents. Collection scope categories described relating to aboriginal art, art business, crafts, performing and visual arts.

Chouragui, Eugène. "The indexing and filing system used by the 'Inventoire Général des Monuments et des Richesses Artistiques de la France 1 ." Computers and the Humanities 7 (May 1973): 273-285. Establishment of a precise definition of codes was necessary to create a computer-assisted index of archival holdings. Using a program in Fortran IV, three files were made for documentation, reference and thesaurus. Schematic charts demonstrate a scientific approach to classifying art and architectural monuments.

Crogham, Antony. "The problems of making a modern indexing language for the fine arts." ARLIS Newsletter (U.K.), no. 20 (September 1974): 26-31. Indexing language requires structuring of terminology applicable to both printed and nonprint materials. Common problems of definition are described in terms of author and users — indirect and direct; a two-part solution is posed for better definition and relationship between concepts and terms.

Crouch, Dora, et al. Indexing in art and architecture: an investigation and analysis. Washington: Council on Library Resources, 1981. A report to the Council on Library Resources (U.S.) which surveys

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existing art subject indexing practices, current systems, e.g., eleven index and or abstract publications, such as Art Index, Avery Index to Architectural Periodicals, RILA, etc., and the need for a standard-setting art and architecture thesaurus to assist the new technology in art libraries and research.

Davis, M. "Computerized visual indexes: a review." Drexel Library Quarterly 8 (April 1972): 173-179. Attacks traditional card catalog indexing practices' inadequacies in directing users to visual imagery. Vocabulary is a basic problem; evaluates earlier attempts to provide increased image access.

Fawcett, Trevor. "Subject indexing in the visual art." Art Libraries Journal 4 (Spring 1979): 5-17. The coordination of subject analysis and terminology is needed. Requirements for a system of conceptual analysis and art terminology are examined, and the inevitable need for subject appraisal. Various systems are mentioned, e.g., PRECIS, RILA and Repertoire d'Art et d'Archéologie.

Freitag, Wolfgang. "Wanted: a new index to exhibition catalogs." College & Research Libraries 30 (November 1969): 540-543. A plea for establishment of an indexing tool for documenting entries for exhibition catalogs on an international basis to ensure true bibliographic control for these important materials.

Ito, Kae, and Shu-ichi Ueda. "Development of the thesaurus of fine art." Library and Information Science (Library School of Keio University) 22 (1984): 47-60. This article treats the problems that arose in the development of a Japanese language thesaurus of art terminology. Vocabulary was drawn from the Japanese Periodical Index and Shincho Encyclopedia of World Art; categories were established and selection and grouping of preferred terms made.

Lewis, Elizabeth M. "Visual indexing of graphic material." Special Libraries 67 (November 1976): 518-527. Describes advantages and disadvantages of visual indexing systems over verbal, e.g., card catalog, indexes. Issues of estimating costs to build visual indexes, their design, and testing are elaborated.

"LOMA: its creator Alexander Davis interviewed by John Walker." ARLIS Newsletter (U.K.), no. 9 (October 1971): 5-10. A practical, enlightening discussion of the evolution and process of a bibliographic indexing and abstracting tool for art publications. A classification scheme with newer terms for modern art was developed to meet LOMA's needs.

Mutrux, Robin, and James D. Anderson. "Contextual indexing and faceted taxonomic access system." Drexel Library Quarterly 19 -60-

(Summer 1983): 91-109. Describes CIFT as a bibliographic revision, machine-readable indexing and classifying tool for the art field. Aspects of its application to art literature are covered, with many examples.

Ohlgren, Thomas H. "Image analysis and indexing in North America: a survey." Art Libraries Journal 7 (Summer 1982): 51-60. This is a continuation of the following entry. Surveys coordinated projects that attempt to make standardized subject access terms, e.g., Image Access Society, Picture Division Thesaurus of the Public Archives of Canada, and the Art & Architecture Thesaurus.

Ohlgren, Thomas H. "Subject indexing of visual resources: a survey." Visual Resources 1 (Spring 1980): 67-73. Subject access for iconographie descriptions of art works. Discusses the lack of standards in the art field and activities by professional groups to address indexing needs.

Peterson, Toni. "The AAT in the online catalog environment." Art Documentation 1 (December 1982): 183-185. Treats issues in subject access for art indexing. The Art & Architecture Thesaurus is meant to tackle technical needs not met by LCSH; this can be done by amending terms to fit machinereadable data formats.

Peterson, Toni. "Computer-aided indexing in the arts: the case for a thesaurus of art terms." Art Libraries Journal 6 (Autumn 1981): 6-11. Discusses the current state of art indexing and the major problem of non-standardized vocabulary, seen from an indexer 1 s viewpoint. Automated indexing systems cannot be coordinated until a basic art and architecture thesaurus has been constructed. Work on such a project began in the U.S. in the late 1970s.

Seydelmann, G. "Kunstverzeichnisse der Stadtbibliothek Hannover/ Art indexes of the Municipal Library, Hannover." Buch und Bibliothek 31 (March 1979): 259-260. Account of this library's cooperation in a program to automate indexing to relevant art catalogs, giving location and access to related publications. Sisson, Jacqueline D. "Case history of the compilation of a large cumulative index." Indexer 10 (October 1977): 164-175, 194. A technical report about an art librarian's experiences while compiling a large index to Venturi's Storia dell'arte Italiana. Describes: pre-planning stage, categories, location and artist indexes. Personal judgments made about the indexing process.

Tümmers, H.J. "Anwendungsmöglichkeiten der elektronischen datenverarbeitung in der Kunstwissenschaft." In Festschrift für - 6 1 -

Heinz Ladendorf, 184-196. Edited by Peter Bloch. Cologne: Bohlau, 1970. Examines the increasingly automated role of art library indexes, literature abstracts and art object registration. Briefly describes two art historical projects, the Princeton Index of Christian Art and the Decimal Index to Art of the Low Countries. Concludes with a plea for a unified, master art history index database for research.

F. F.l.

SPECIAL SERVICES Special Collections & Rare Books

Dalberto, Janet. "Collecting artists' books." Drexel Library Quarterly 19 (Summer 1983): 78-90. Defines what artists' books are, how to collect, organize, house and preserve such collections. Major sources, artists materials and collections are outlined.

Hinson, Karen. "Exhibitions in libraries: a practical guide." Art Documentation 4 (Spring 1985): 6-7. An important aspect in arranging exhibitions of special materials in the library is planning; five questions are posed to ensure guidance in the planning process. Exhibition purposes, selection of objects, housing, preservation precautions and audience are considered.

Phi 11 pot, Clive. "Artists' books and book art." In Art library manual, 355-363. A practical guide to the definition of artists' books and their collection; covers fundamentals of accommodation, selection, conservation and exploitation.

"Rare books and special material in museum libraries: a roundtable." Special Libraries 52 (January 1961): 9-21. A special section reproducing papers from a roundtable discussion held by the Museums Division of the Special Libraries Association (U.S.) at its 1960 annual conference. Reports covered: "General observations on rare books and medieval manuscripts in museum lib r a r i e s . " — F . Brewer; "Use and handling of materials at the Archives of American A r t . " — M . Leslie; "Rare books and the art museum lib r a r y . " — E . Usher; "Rare books in the museum library: buying, handling and u s e . " — R . Sparrow.

Ridler, William. "The art librarian and modern private press book illustration." ARLIS Newsletter (U.K.), no. 20 (September 1974): 19-25. Describes ways for libraries to acquire private printing presses' works, introductory portfolios of prospectuses and sample leaves. Although examples are British, the article provides a good, general approach to gathering, maintaining and possibly exchanging materials.

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S i f f o r d , Harlan L. " A r t i s t book, collecting and other myths of art l i b r a r i a n s h i p . " ARLIS/NA Newsletter 1 (December 1982): 174-175. Drawing examples from the University of Iowa Art Library (U.S.) c o l l e c t i o n , the author describes the d i f f i c u l t i e s in the c l a s s i f i cation and cataloging of these materials and how treating a r t i s t s ' books as art objects, or possibly ephemera, could be helpful. Volkersz, E. "Neither book nor manuscript: some special c o l l e c t i o n s . " Library Resources and Technical Services 13 ( F a l l 1969): 493-501. Examines how the University of C a l i f o r n i a Libraries (U.S.) worked out out a system of bibliographic control over special collections of pamphlets, scrapbooks, pictures and objects. Volkova, N.B. "Archivy l i t e r a t u r y i i s k u s s t v a / A r t i s t i c and l i t e r a r y archives." Sovetskie Arkhivy 1 (1972): 18-22. Discusses the need for strengthening r e l a t i o n s among a r c h i v i s t s around the world. Cites the c o l l e c t i o n , storage and preservation of Soviet documents on art and literature performed by the Central Public Archive for Literature and Art. F.2.

Documents Management

Bradfield, Valerie. " O f f i c i a l publications and the art l i b r a r i a n . " Art L i b r a r i e s Journal 7 (Spring 1982): 17-26. Describes the range of B r i t i s h government publications of possible use to art l i b r a r i e s . Brown, I a i n Gordon. " A r t history papers in a general manuscripts collection: the case of the National Library of Scotland." Art L i b r a r i e s Journal 10 (Winter 1985): 37-44. Describes purpose, organization and c o l l e c t i o n strategy of t h i s archive; s t a f f a c t i v e l y pursue materials for inclusion and the a r c h i v e ' s a c t i v i t i e s are discussed in l i g h t of a proposed index to Scottish (and U.K.) a r t i s t s ' papers. Choudhury, A.R. Art museum documentation and practical handling. Hyderabad: Choudhury & Choudhury; d i s t . by Wittenborn, 1963. 300 pp. A dated, although c l a s s i c , text for museum work practices, including a section on l i b r a r y and research documentation. Deiss, William A. Museum archives: an introduction. Chicago: Society of American A r c h i v i s t s , 1984. 37 pp. Guide for administrators and professionals "with l i t t l e or no l i b r a r y t r a i n i n g . " Describes starting up an archival program, basic terminology, records surveying, and types of archival forms. Fox-Pitt, Sarah. "The Tate Gallery Archive." AICARC B u l l e t i n 10, 18 (1/1983): 28-29. -63-

D e s c r i p t i v e h i s t o r y of the a r c h i v a l c o l l e c t i o n , i t s a d m i n i s t r a t i v e p o s i t i o n w i t h i n the Tate G a l l e r y ( U . K . ) , a r c h i v i s t s ' education and duties. Huder, Walter. "Das A r c h i v der 'Academie der K u n s t , 1 B e r l i n . " K u l t u r a r b e i t 16 (May 1964): 95-98. A h i s t o r y of t h i s a r c h i v e ' s a c q u i s i t i o n s and c o l l e c t i o n d e v e l opment made to p a r a l l e l the Academy's own growth. C h r o n i c l e s b u i l d i n g of complete c o l l e c t i o n s of o r i g i n a l m a t e r i a l s . K e l l e i n , Thomas. "The Sohn Archive from Markgröningen." A r t L i b r a r i e s Journal 10 ( S p r i n g 1985): 37-43. The A r c h i v e , founded as a p u b l i c c o l l e c t i o n in 1984, was the c r e a t i o n of a dedicated p r o v i n c i a l c o l l e c t o r . Unique, underground avant-garde m a t e r i a l s , a r t and documentation, were gathered as an a r t i s t s ' "data bank" resource, e . g . , Fluxus, concrete poetry, etc. Lund, Hakon. "A survey of the documentation of modern and contemporary a r t in Denmark." AICARC B u l l e t i n 10, 18 (1/1983): 27. Notes the location and scope of Danish a r c h i v e s , types of documentation f o r a r t c a t a l o g s , c l i p p i n g s , photographs, a r c h i t e c t u r a l drawings and a r t i s t s ' papers. Monty, Vivienne, and Mary W i l l i a m s o n . "Canadian a r t documents/ Documents canadiens sur l ' a r t . " A r t Documentation 2 (February 1983): 3-4. A b r i e f r e t r o s p e c t i v e b i b l i o g r a p h y of o f f i c i a l p u b l i c a t i o n s and t h e i r agencies, and r e p r e s e n t a t i v e subject matter. P a t r i c k , Stephen A l l a n . "Government documents and the a r t l i b r a r i a n : a selected annotated b i b l i o g r a p h y of a r t and a r t - r e l a t e d documents." ARLIS/NA Newsletter 9 (December 1980): 1 - 7 . Treats U.S. government documents that contain a r t information. A c q u i s i t i o n , o r g a n i z a t i o n and annotated sample p u b l i c a t i o n s from Federal agencies are d e s c r i b e d . Author developed t h i s l i s t i n g i n t o a r e g u l a r column in l a t e r p u b l i c a t i o n s of t h i s s e r i a l . Sandström, Sven. " A r c h i v e s of a r t . " INSPEL 17 (1983): 63-69. Focuses on special problems of a r t documentation f o r 19th and 20th century a r t in a r c h i v e s and l i b r a r i e s , European and American. Changes in documentation come from new and d i f f e r e n t a c t i v i t i e s of museum p u b l i c s e r v i c e s , computer networking, and formats f o r o r i g i n a l modern a r t and t h e i r b i b l i o g r a p h i c a l a c c e s s i b i l i t y . Systematics are a c r u c i a l f a c t o r in documentation of modern a r t . Examines special c o l l e c t i o n s nature o f a r t m a t e r i a l s .

Sandström, Sven, et a l . "A system f o r m u l t i f a r i o u s analyse ( s i c ) and c a t a l o g e i n g ( s i c ) of information on a r t . " ARIS (1972): 36-61. A d e t a i l e d d e s c r i p t i o n of the documentation of a r t data f o r information storage and r e t r i e v a l . Based on a system devised at -64-

the Documentation Centre for Modern Swedish Art (Lund, Sweden), the a r t i c l e follows t h i s process, e.g., data input and computer coding. Schäme, Ulrike. "Source material for art history in the Sächsische Landesbibliothek, Dresden." Art Libraries Journal 8 (Summer 1983): 21-25. This l i b r a r y achieved formulated p o l i c i e s in the 1970s for the collection and documentation of fine arts archival materials. Once p o l i c i e s were in place, the archival a c q u i s i t i o n s program could be expanded. Stover, Catherine. "Museum archives: growth and development." Drexel Library Quarterly 19 (Summer 1983): 66-77. Provides a history of museum archives in the U.S., with emphasis on the Archives of American Art and the a u t h o r ' s own knowledge of the archives at the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts. Archival arrangement, funding and services are treated. Taylor, Hugh A. "Documentary art and the role of the a r c h i v i s t . " American A r c h i v i s t 42 (October 1979): 417-428. A philosophical treatise on the importance of visual imagery as documentation. Images' c r i t e r i a as archival materials are examined; reviews needs for e f f i c i e n t archival procedures and a statement on the repository status of documentary art. "Weilbach a r k i v e t . " Medd. Blade, no. 1 (1984): 8-9. [ F i r s t published in Humaniora, no. 5 (1981/1982).] Describes the creation and future uses of a private archive assembled by an author preparing a biographical dictionary on Danish a r t i s t s . Ties together a r t i s t i c documentation and publishing needs. F.3.

Conservation & Preservation

DeCandido, Robert. "Bare ruined quires: the binding problems of art l i b r a r i e s . " Art Libraries Journal 5 (Spring 1980): 21-25. Treats structural format of codex books, large format and heavy volumes' bindings, ways of strengthening, preserving through rehousing/protective containers. Cautions against in-house repairing while offering some basic guidelines to protect materials. Hoffberg, Judith A. "To preserve and to protect: a call to action." Picturescope 19 (Summer 1971): 84-90. Essay on the special problems of art l i b r a r i a n s to preserve book and nonbook materials, especially ephemera containing important art information. Preservation methods and program planning points are summarized; basic bibliographic references appended. Root, Nina J. "Preserving and maintaining museum library c o l l e c t i o n s . " In Museum 1ibrarianship, 51-66. -65-

Textbook approach to museum library preservation and conservation; covers housing the collection, environment, housekeeping and security, physical processing, binding and in-house mending/repair. Focus on librarians' activities to promote conservation.

Samuel, Evelyn. "Special libraries—special problems: preservation of art library materials." ARLIS/NA Newsletter 9 (Summer 1981): 141-145. A strong statement about art library preservation needs, covering illustration and mutilation, physical problems, proper storage, care of bindings, visual and microform materials, and ARLIS/NA support of a ten-point program for coordinated preservation care.

Swartzberg, Susan. Conservation in the library: a handbook of use and care of traditional and nontraditional materials. Westport: Greenwood Press, 1983. 245 pp. An art librarian/conservation specialist's guide to preservation of library materials contains information on many types of materials found in art libraries, including computers and videodiscs.

Swartzberg, Susan. Preserving library materials: a manual. Metuchen: Scarecrow Press, 1980. 293 pp. Written by an ARLIS/NA member, this book is meant for general library preservation maintenance, but has particular reference to art materials.

F.4.

Automation

Alvey, Celine. "Word processing in art libraries." Art Documentation 2 (May 1983): 63-65. Outlines means for application of word processing functions to library functions. Choice of system research, training, necessary features and successful examples of art library applications covered.

Babineau, Suzanne, and Thomas Behrendt. "A data base system for visual resources collections: a system analysis." Visual Resources 3 (August 1983): 50-60. A solid introduction to automation applications for visual resources. Points of consideration are made for a database program adaptation. Unique problems, e.g., circulation, labeling, classification, are listed. Field layout is emphasized in terms of manpower.

Census: computerization in the history of art, vol. 1. Edited by Laura Corti. Pisa; Los Angeles: Scuola Normale Superiore; J. Paul Getty Trust, 1984. 428 pp. Reprints of abstracts, organized by subject, about art history automation projects. The Census is designed as an international clearinghouse for projects, and as a potential database for information dissemination.

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C u i s e n i e r , Jean. " F e a s i b i l i t y of u s i n g a d a t a - p r o c e s s i n g system in the Musée des A r t s et T r a d i t i o n s P o p u l a i r e s , P a r i s . " Museum 23 (1970/1971): 33-36. D e s c r i p t i o n of computer a p p l i c a t i o n s f o r improved c l a s s i f i c a t i o n and r e t r i e v a l of museum c o l l e c t i o n s . T h i s a r t i c l e on an i n f l u e n t i a l automation project f o r a r t information p o i n t s out the need f o r vocabulary c o n t r o l . Cummings, John. "Use of a microcomputer at the Sydney College of the A r t s . " ARLIS/ANZ News 16 (December 1983/February 1984): 10-13. Experiences of i n s t a l l i n g and u s i n g an o n l i n e c i r c u l a t i o n system, word processor and microcomputer programs f o r c o l l e g e l i b r a r y ( A u s t r a l i a ) f u n c t i o n s which extended to a p u b l i c access c a t a l o g .

DeCandido, GraceAnne. "Automation and a r t l i b r a r i e s : a case study in r e t r o s p e c t i v e c o n v e r s i o n . " A r t Documentation 2 (February 1983): 6 - 8 . Describes a l i m i t e d r e t r o s p e c t i v e conversion project at the Parsons School of Design Gimbel L i b r a r y ( U . S . ) where a r t i s t s ' books and special c o l l e c t i o n s t i t l e s were r e c l a s s i f i e d and cataloged using Archon, an automated recon program. I s s u e s of s t a f f i n g , subject matter, procedures, f i l i n g and c o n c l u s i o n s f o r handling s p e c i a l i z e d a r t data are considered. Dubouloz, J e a n - P i e r r e . "The s i t u a t i o n of automation in Swiss a r t l i b r a r i e s : the s i t u a t i o n in Lausanne and Geneva." INSPEL 18 (1984): 82-85. Overview of automation work at the U n i v e r s i t y L i b r a r y in Lausanne which may allow networking of l i n k e d data s h a r i n g , e . g . , c a t a l o g i n g and b i b l i o g r a p h i c s e a r c h i n g , with a r t l i b r a r i e s in Geneva. F i r s t i n t e r n a t i o n a l conference on automatic p r o c e s s i n g of a r t h i s t o r y data and documents, P i s a , Scuola Normale Superiore 4-7 September 1978. Conference t r a n s a c t i o n s . 2 v o l . P i s a : Scuola Normale S u p e r i o r e , 1978. Two-volume t r a n s a c t i o n s of t h i s conference on a r t h i s t o r y automation p r o j e c t s . Papers are t r u l y i n t e r n a t i o n a l , many on museum or national monument data r e c o r d i n g ; p o t e n t i a l a p p l i c a t ions f o r a r t r e s e a r c h / 1 i b r a r i a n s h i ρ are apparent. Greenhalgh, Michael. "New t e c h n o l o g i e s for data and image storage and t h e i r a p p l i c a t i o n to the h i s t o r y of a r t . " A r t L i b r a r i e s Journal 7 (Summer 1982): 67-81. Provides an overview of a r t h i s t o r y automation p r o j e c t s and p o t e n t i a l a p p l i c a t i o n s , p a r t i c u l a r l y f o r computer and v i d e o d i s c . Examines the i s s u e of a r t h i s t o r i a n s ' involvement with the new technology and makes f o r e c a s t s f o r research usage. J o s t , K a r l . " S t a t e of automation in Swiss a r t l i b r a r i e s . " INSPEL 17 ( 1 9 8 3 ) : 292-298. Describes automation in three major Swiss a r t l i b r a r i e s which, through lack of c o o r d i n a t i o n , have developed independent systems. -67-

Krausse, Sylvia. "Automation and networking in inter-library lending." Art Documentation 2 (December 1983): 197-199. An annotated bibliography of selected, professional writings on interlibrary loan automation; prepared by an art librarian, these general articles and reports review applications of possible interest to local or regional art library ILL operations.

Markey, Karen. "Visual arts resources and computers." Annual review of information science and technology, vol. 19, 271-309. White Plains: Knowledge Industry Pub., 1984. Treats the history of computer technology as it has been applied to visual arts resources in U.S. libraries and collections. Tells about cooperative projects, networks and gives extensive references.

Patten, David J. "Automation and art libraries: the Oberlin College experience." ARLIS/NA Newsletter 9 (December 1981): 238-240. History of the Oberlin College (U.S.) Art Library's planning and installation of an automated circulation system. Describes special modifications, installation steps and improved management.

Pisciotta, Henry. "Database searching with gateway software." Art Documentation 4 (Spring 1985): 3-5. Gateways represent an important, helpful device for art information searching online. The author tested and used such software for bibliographic assistance at the Carnegie-Mellon University (U.S.), e.g., Search Helper, Scimate, In-Search.

Purvanova, Iordanka. " I n t e r i n f o r m k u l t u r a — programa za mezh dunarodna integratsiya ν informatsionnatu deinost na sotsialisticheskite strani/Interinformkultura— an integrated information system for art and culture." Bibliotekar 29 (1982): 23-24. Describes a cooperative art information program, based at the Lenin State Library (Moscow) and utilized by six Soviet bloc national library systems. The information project began with création of a periodicals catalog, and automation into a database is planned, (see related articles on this network in B.2.)

Second international conference on automatic processing of art history data and documents, Pisa, Scuola Normale Superiore September 24-27, 1984. Papers. Edited by Laura Corti. 2 vol. Pisa: Scuola Normale Superiore, 1984. (Separate vol. for Proceedings.) Continues reports on international art automation projects. Contents divided into eight sections from catalogues (general and type of object), thesauri and lexicons, iconography, documents and sources, biography, the computer as a tool, and art history.

Tümmers, H.J. "Datenverarbeitung in einer kunstbibliothek/Data processing in an art library." Mitteilungsblatt Verband der Bibliotheken des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen 20 (April 1970):

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162-165. A practical account of successful use of data processing (at a relatively early date) in a state art library, which demonstrates the groundwork for advances in art materials automation in the BRD.

Vezina, R. "The computer: passing fad or thorough-going revolution." Visual Resources 1 (Fall 1980/Winter 1981): 204-218. A philosophical exploration of the computer's role in assisting the cultural functions of a museum, e.g., the Picture Division of the Public Archives of Canada. Accessibility to visual and/or textual information is important; automation of art inventories fulfill information retrieval needs. Surveys library applications and attitudes to computerization.

Wyngaard, Susan. "The online catalog in the Ohio State University Fine Arts Library: present use and desired capabilities." In Proceedings of the 45th ASIS Annual Meeting, October 17-21 1982, Columbus, Ohio, vol. 19, 345-347. White Plains: Knowledge Industry Pub., 1982. Report of a user study of an online catalog in the University's Fine Arts Library (U.S.); recounts background and objectives of the project, types of access chosen by users, methodology for recording data, and conclusions.

G. G.I.

UNIQUE MATERIALS Museum & Gallery Publications

Jones, Lois Swan. "Where to publish? Where to index?" Museum News 54 (January/February 1975): 30-31, 58. Explains the importance of indexing access to museum and gallery publications; describes major index tools, types of information given and a compendium of major sources.

Marcus, G.H. "These catalogues don't stand on shelves." Museum News 54 (January/February 1975): 25-29. Describes the various formats of museum publications on modern art, primarily U.S. titles. Unusual formats can include audiovisual media, unbound leaves or nontraditional shapes.

Symons, Anthony. "Museum and gallery publications." In Art library manual, 47-70. Defines types of museum and gallery publications, their intellectual contents and purposes, e.g., guides, handbooks, permanent collection catalogs, summary, monograph and serial publications. Points out methods of selection, acquisition and organization. Accommodation guidelines suggested.

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G.2.

E x h i b i t i o n Catalogs

Burton, Anthony. " E x h i b i t i o n c a t a l o g u e s . " In A r t l i b r a r y manual, 71-86. T h i s textbook, chapter concentrates on s e l e c t i o n , a c q u i s i t i o n , c a t a l o g i n g (see S e c t i o n E.2. f o r other treatments) and accommodation. Cannon-Brookes, P e t e r . " The e v o l u t i o n of the a r t e x h i b i t i o n catalogue and i t s f u t u r e . " A r t & A r t i s t s , no. 220 (January 1985): 22-27. An account of the e x h i b i t i o n c a t a l o g ' s h i s t o r y , beginning i n the 18th century and going up to the mid 20th c e n t u r y ' s "independent l i t e r a r y genre" p u b l i c a t i o n s . The author f e e l s t h a t t o d a y ' s exh i b i t i o n c a t a l o g s seem to approximate current a r t monographs in format, thus l o s i n g much of t h e i r own h i s t o r i c a l format/contents.

Dukas, Martha L.P. "The COBRA program." A r t L i b r a r i e s Journal 10 (Autumn 1985): 43-48. D e s c r i b e s a U.S. c o l l a b o r a t i v e venture or b i b l i o g r a p h i c control f o r e x h i b i t i o n c a t a l o g s between the L i b r a r y of Congress, Boston P u b l i c L i b r a r y , and Worldwide Books, an e x h i b i t i o n c a t a l o g s jobber. Dwyer, Melva J . "How one l i b r a r y o r g a n i z e s i t s e x h i b i t i o n c a t a l o g u e s . " CASLIS A r t L i b r a r i e s Committee Newsletter 2 (March 1976): 5 - 6 . The author e x p l a i n s how the B r i t i s h Columbia Fine A r t s D i v i s i o n ' s L i b r a r y (Canada) solved problems of e x h i b i t i o n c a t a l o g housing, c a t a l o g i n g and p r o c e s s i n g . Samples of card c a t a l o g separation and card c a t a l o g format f o r one-person and group show c a t a l o g s are g i v e n . Houghton, Beth. " A c q u i s i t i o n of e x h i b i t i o n c a t a l o g u e s . " A r t L i b r a r i e s Journal 9 (Autumn/Winter 1984): 67-78. P r a c t i c a l s u g g e s t i o n s are o f f e r e d f o r a c q u i s i t i o n problems; d e s c r i b e s types of c a t a l o g s , t h e i r l i n k a g e s to supply s o u r c e s , t r a c i n g t i t l e s , o r d e r i n g , exchanges and jobber p r o c e s s e s . Smith, V i r g i n i a C., and W i l l i a m Treese. "A computerized approach to a r t e x h i b i t i o n c a t a l o g u e s . " L i b r a r y Trends 23 (January 1975): 471-481. Demonstrates d i f f i c u l t i e s i n b i b l i o g r a p h i c d e s c r i p t i o n and control of c a t a l o g s . The U n i v e r s i t y of C a l i f o r n i a at Santa Barbara Fine A r t s L i b r a r y ( U . S . ) i n i t i a t e d a computer-assisted index f o r e x h i b i t i o n c a t a l o g s ; t h i s project i s d e s c r i b e d i n d e t a i l with data c h a r t s f o r i l l u s t r a t i o n , emphasizing subject and agency indexes. " S p e c i a l i s s u e on e x h i b i t i o n c a t a l o g u e s . " ARLIS Newsletter ( U . K . ) , no. 16 (September 1973): 1-27. E x h i b i t i o n catalog i s s u e s are examined by B r i t i s h a r t l i b r a r i a n s . Their c o l l e c t i o n importance i s s t r e s s e d with needs e s t a b l i s h e d f o r b i b l i o g r a p h i e c o n t r o l , e . g . , cooperative i d e n t i f i c a t i o n of national e x h i b i t i o n c a t a l o g s , c o l l e c t i o n s , adequate coverage, and formats. -70-

G.3.

Sales, Auction & Trade Literature

Backlund, Caroline. " A r t sales — sources of information." ARLIS/NA Newsletter 6 (Summer 1978): 65-72. Based on ARLIS/NA conference session paper, t h i s a r t i c l e overviews the i n t e l l e c t u a l , informational contents of the two main types of art sales catalog publications: union l i s t s of holdings and published l i b r a r y catalogs of holdings. Major sales catalog t o o l s , European and American, are annotated. Bradfield, Valerie. "Design and build: trade literature for the construction industry." ARLIS Newsletter (U.K.), no. 26 (March 1976): 11-17. P r o f i l e s types of trade l i t e r a t u r e and how l i b r a r i e s should acquire, organize and store these materials. Notes future needs for trade l i t e r a t u r e in microform and computer data formats. Bradfield, Valerie. "Trade l i t e r a t u r e . " In Art 1ibrary manual, 117139. Defines trade l i t e r a t u r e for the a r t s , i t s uses and requirements for c o l l e c t i o n . User c r i t e r i a l i s t e d , selection and a c q u i s i t i o n processes explained for l i b r a r y and service c o l l e c t i o n s . Organization, accommodation and storage treated. Outlines consistent problems with trade l i t e r a t u r e format and currency. Haskins, Katherine. "Sales Catalog Index Project Input Online ( S C I P I O ) . " Art Documentation 1 (Summer 1982): 91-93. The SCIPIO project i s a unique database which i s online as part of the U.S. Research L i b r a r i e s Information Network (RLIN). Three major U.S. art l i b r a r i e s input data; format, indexes and development shown. Leach, Elizabeth. "Sales catalogues and the art market." In Art l i b r a r y manual, 87-99. Defines problems and advantages in the acquisition and organizing of sales catalogs, t h e i r research value and i d e n t i f i c a t i o n of major e x i s t i n g collections in the U.S. and Europe. Wilden-Hart, Marion. "The a c q u i s i t i o n of trade l i t e r a t u r e . " ARLIS Newsletter (U.K.), no. 26 (March 1976): 3-7. Details the problematic nature of a c q u i s i t i o n s : time-consuming to trace and document, albeit beneficial to maintain. Commercial services, independent tracking methods and cooperative collection development are evaluated. Williamson, Jane. "Trade l i t e r a t u r e in the Library of the London College of Furniture." ARLIS Newsletter (U.K.), no. 26 (March 1976): 8-10. Describes one specialized B r i t i s h l i b r a r y ' s active pursuit and documentation of literature for student users. Collection location, arrangement and scope noted, including four basic problems. -71-

G.4.

Microforms

Chiarmonte, Paula. "The development, management and p r e s e r v a t i o n of a r t and a r c h i t e c t u r a l microform c o l l e c t i o n s . " A r t L i b r a r i e s Journal 9 (Autumn/Winter 1984): 26-46. Advocates a systematic approach to c o l l e c t i n g a r t microforms; covers procedures and t h e i r r a t i o n a l e , and appends relevant b i b l i o graphic reference and major a r t microform s e t s and sources l i s t s . Chiarmonte, Paula. "Union l i s t of microform c o l l e c t i o n s : microform c o l l e c t i o n s survey in the f i n e a r t s research l i b r a r i e s . " A r t Documentation 2 (December 1983): 173-176. Account of a grant-funded project to i d e n t i f y the major a r t microform c o l l e c t i o n s and t h e i r h o l d i n g s in four large U.S. a r t research l i b r a r i e s ; h o l d i n g s are then annotated. Dwyer, Melva J . " F i n e a r t s microforms: a Canadian experience." Microform Review 8 (Summer 1979): 177-179. Surveys microforms a c t i v e l y used in Canadian l i b r a r i e s . Looks at p r e s e r v a t i o n and c o l l e c t i o n development a c t i v i t i e s and suggests reasons and a c t i o n f o r c o n t i n u i n g e x i s t i n g programs. Dwyer, Melva J . "Microforms and the f i n e a r t s . " A r t L i b r a r i e s Journal 7 (Winter 1982): 23-29. P h i l o s o p h i c a l essay on developments in microreproduction f o r the a r t s . A r t l i b r a r i a n s must be concerned with q u a l i t y , b i b l i o g r a p h i c a l control and cooperative sharing of expensive r e s o u r c e s . Ekdahl, J a n i s . " V i s u a l resources on f i c h e s f o r a r t s c h o l a r s . " Microform Review 8 (Summer 1979): 174-176. An e x p l o r a t i o n by an a r t l i b r a r i a n of m i c r o f i c h e format uses: f o r reproduction of an e x i s t i n g v i s u a l a r c h i v e ; development and p u b l i c a t i o n of a new v i s u a l a r c h i v e ; documentation of a s i n g l e a r t c o l l e c t i o n ; and p u b l i c a t i o n of an o r i g i n a l t e x t with f i c h e . Reviews state of microfiche p r o j e c t s f o r a r t information and makes suggestions for bibliographic control.

Hasburg, Susan. "The Witt f i c h e in the National G a l l e r y L i b r a r y . " CARLI S Newsletter 8 (March 1984): 2 - 3 . An a r t i c l e about the a c q u i s i t i o n of a major f i c h e s e t , which reproduces the Witt L i b r a r y ' s ( U . K . ) photograph c o l l e c t i o n , at the National G a l l e r y of Canada. The s c a r c i t y and research value of the set i s d i s c u s s e d , with note of shared f i c h e resources between U . S . , A u s t r a l i a n and Netherlands national a r t l i b r a r i e s .

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Samuel, Evelyn. "Microforms and art l i b r a r i e s . " Microform Review 10 (Summer 1981): 141-147. Surveys current state of microformats: their acceptance, use for research, problems and audience size. Notes major, ongoing projects, new trends in archival and d i s t r i b u t i v e usage, new technology, etc. Samuel, Evelyn. "Planning a microform center for the art l i b r a r y . " Microform Review 8 (Summer 1979): 160-163. Outlines a system of planning for a microforms reading f a c i l i t y , using own experiences with the New York University I n s t i t u t e of Fine Arts Library (U.S.). Environment takes into account the art l i b r a r y ' s requirements for equipment, future needs, and ways art l i b r a r i a n s should prepare themselves for planning. Sandström, Sven. "Towards a universal program for the documentation of a r t . " Visual Resources 2 (Fall/Winter 1981/Spring 1982): 63-67. Discusses whether microfiches should be considered as a "universal system of picture documentation." Points covered are: microfiche program coordination, a universal program of microfiches on art h i s t o r y , and various s p e c i a l i s t s ' opinions against use of fiches. Concludes with six basic points about creating a program. S i s s o n , Jacqueline. "Microforms and collection development in art research l i b r a r i e s . " Microform Review 8 (Summer 1979): 164-172. Discussion of appropriate collection development, acquisition t o o l s , available materials. Art l i b r a r i e s must take into account: permanence, user resistance, equipment costs and overall d i f f i c u l t bibliographic control when preparing collection development of microforms; they must manage to keep a positive attitude toward usage. Sisson, Jacqueline. "The role of microforms in collection development." ARLIS/NA Newsletter 8 (December 1979): 1-5. Covers art l i b r a r i a n s ' needs for determining appropriate b i b l i o graphic control, microform suppliers/publishers, s e r i a l s and acquisition judgments. Smith, V i r g i n i a C. "Microforms." In Art 1ibrary manual, 236-255. Treats microform formats, r o l l e d and f l a t , e.g., microfilm, fiche, card and microprint. Basics of selection, a c q u i s i t i o n , organization, housing and usage covered. Guidelines given for evaluating microform readers. G.5.

Video & Audio

Lewis, Elizabeth M. "Video scan picture searching." Vi suai Resources 1 (Spring 1980): 40-51. Investigates improved videodisc technology for picture cataloging and r e t r i e v a l . Discusses international significance, visual perception and graphic r e t r i e v a l , video scan storage system, and implications of computer applications.

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Moore, P. "Video v i r u s . " ARLIS Newsletter (U.K.), no. 19 (June 1974): 30-32. A B r i t i s h perspective on uses for video technology in art 1ibraries. Okun, Henry. "PICASSOfile, or using a computer to look at Picasso." Picturescope 31 (Winter 1985): 114-118. P r o f i l e s a computer-assisted videodisc project developed by the Massachusetts I n s t i t u t e of Technology ( U . S . ) . Singer, Loren, and Diana Brewster. "Audio-visual materials in the art l i b r a r y . " Art Documentation 2 (October 1983): 131-135. A basic introductory essay on audio-visual materials as reference tools, t h e i r sources for acquisition and d i f f e r i n g formats. Sorkow, Janice. "Videodiscs and art documentation." Art Libraries Journal 8 (Autumn 1983): 27-41. Discussion of problems with videodisc technology which must be mastered before art l i b r a r i e s can implement t h e i r benefits. Application ideas for art documentation are drawn out, with description of major art related projects completed since 1980, e.g., Museum of Fine A r t s , Boston (U.S.). Sustik, Joan M. " A r t history interactive videodisc project at the University of Iowa." Videodisc/Teletext 1 (Spring 1981): 78-85. Project measured p o s s i b i l i t i e s of an " i n t e l l i g e n t " videodisc system as an alternative to the art slide l i b r a r y . New technology allows computerized retrieval of visual images on d i s c ; program's successes evaluated through user survey of programming potential. Walker, John A. "Sound recordings, video and f i l m s . " In Art l i b r a r y manual, 256-271. Describes these three forms of media, their special properties for the art l i b r a r y ; selected bibliography appended. Z u r i d i , M.-H. " V o i r ! Écouter! Communiquer! La Médiathèque du laboratoire audiovisual u n i v e r s i t a i r e (Université de Geneve)." Nachrichten/Nouvelles/Notizie 61 (February 1985): 9-15. F a c i l i t i e s , services and functional goals are described in t h i s special audio-visual department of a Swiss university.

G.6.

Ephemera, Printed Ephemera & Vertical

Files

Anderle, Donald. "The a r t i s t s ' f i l e s at the New York Public L i b r a r y . " ARLIS/NA Newsletter 6 (November 1978): 101-102. Descriptive account of a major vertical f i l e s resource in a major U.S. l i b r a r y : scope, contents and access ( p i c t o r i a l and h i s t o r i o -74-

graphical) are covered. Becker, J i l l . "Art ephemera project." ARLIS/NA Newsletter 2 (April 1974): 42. B r i e f account of a project undertaken by the Brooklyn Public L i b r a r y ' s Art & Music D i v i s i o n ( U . S . ) , in which New York City a r t i s t s ' / g a l l e r y ephemera has been collected; stresses value of regional f i l e s as a p o r t r a i t of local art a c t i v i t y . Hoffberg, Judith A. "Ephemera in the art c o l l e c t i o n . " Library Trends 23 (January 1975): 483-493. Cites problems in collection and documentation of art ephemera; preservation techniques, types of materials; ongoing research and t r a i n i n g needs, and recommendations for better conservation. Hudson, Graham. "Printed ephemera and design h i s t o r y . " Art L i b r a r i e s Journal 6 (Spring 1981): 20-32. Defines printed ephemera, their past and future roles as evidence of the history of graphic design and book/art printing. Katz, B i l l . "Postcards are popular, but not in your l i b r a r y . " Collection Building 3 (1981): 25-50. A survey of U.S. and Canadian l i b r a r y collections containing postcards. Discusses the v a r i e t i e s of organization, updating and exploitation used by the l i b r a r i e s . Examines formats, e.g., art reproduction, orginal a r t i s t s ' postcards and mail art. Le B o u t i l l i e r , O.B. "Clipping f i l e in an art l i b r a r y . " Special L i b r a r i e s 31 (April 1940): 131-132. Interesting h i s t o r i c a l l y , t h i s a r t i c l e describes the vertical f i l e of the Library of the Art Association of Montreal (Canada). Types of art information, visual and written, are chosen by needs. Pacey, P h i l i p . "Ephemera and art l i b r a r i e s : archive or lucky d i p ? " Art L i b r a r i e s Journal 5 (Autumn 1980): 26-39. Makes d e f i n i t i o n s for ephemera; the need for establishment of a c o l l e c t i o n , acquisition processes, organization and exploitation i s based on an understanding of each l i b r a r y ' s resources and orientation. Pollard, Nik. "Arty choke: a c q u i s i t i o n s and ephemera." Art Libraries Journal 2 (Winter 1977): 4-15. Stresses the importance of c o l l e c t i n g ephemeral "primary materials"; how to attract donations, or not to rely on books for documentation of such materials, and reassessment of ephemera for t h e i r cultural significance. Pollard, Nik. "Printed ephemera." In Art l i b r a r y manual, 316-336. D e t a i l s reasons for c o l l e c t i o n , organization and preservation, -75-

the means for practical curatorship of these materials, types of ephemera and their uses in the art library.

Wegner, Jürgen. "Printed ephemera in libraries." ARLIS/ANZ News 9 (July 1980): 25-28. A survey by art Australian art librarian of European library ephemera; ten collections' holdings are described and the author encourages interest in the development of an Ephemera Society to tackle problems with these materials and their collection.

H. H.l.

VISUAL RESOURCES Collection Management

Crogham, Antony. "The cataloging of special collections of visual materials and AACR2." Art Libraries Journal 7 (Autumn 1982): 49-53. Two cataloging codes for visual materials using rules based on AACR2 are examined. These codes could be a basis for better definitions and access to entries for art and architecture.

DeLaurier, Nancy. "Visual resources: the state of the art." INSPEL 17 (1983): 179-192. [First published in Art Libraries Journal 7 (Autumn 1982): 7-21.] Effective procedures for acquisition, processing, storage, circulation and general collection maintenance are described, with reference to slides in particular. Staff education and training is covered; upgrading status through professional activities urged.

Guide for the management of visual resources collections. Edited by Nancy S. Schuller. (Albuquerque): Mid-America College Art Association, 1978. 90 pp. A practical management guide for curators and librarians which reviews U.S. procedures. Introduction summarizes state of the art and five essays cover: facilities planning; budgeting; staffing; circulation and control; and annual reports.

Introduction to visual resource library automation. Edited by Arlene Richardson and Sheila Hannah. Albuquerque: Mid-America College Art Association; University of New Mexico, 1981. 184 pp. A publication devoted to cumulative development of automation in U.S. collections. Six chapters are on historical review, general approaches, initiating automation projects, budgeting and software. Chapter 6 continues with descriptions of seven major automation systems, e.g., SELGEM, SPIRES, SPIN. Bibliography, and appendices on thesaurus construction and grantsmanship included.

Kirkpatrick, Nancy. "Major issues of the past ten years in visual resources curatorship." Art Libraries Journal 7 (Winter 1982): 30-35.

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Visual resources management has gained increased professionalism since 1972. Standards, computer-assisted technology for image organization and access, and new media have been brought together to improve resources.

Köstler, Hermann. "Bilder in bibliotheken." Nachrichten/Nouvel les/ Notizie 60 (August 1984): 211-215. Visual resource materials, their uses and management, are explained by the Library Director of the Zentralbibliothek Zurich. The place of these materials in libraries is made distinct.

Lewis, Stanley. "Experimentation with an image library." Special Libraries 56 (January 1965): 35-38. Discusses needs and solutions for managing visual materials: gathering of a critical collection, collecting a diversity of images, acquisition of exhibition catalogs, and a more flexible approach to subject access of images. An experimental, sample card catalog entry for an image is illustrated.

Lucas, E. Louise. "The classification and care of pictures and slides." ALA Bulletin 24 (1930): 382-385. One of the earliest attempts by a U.S. art librarian to introduce the idea of visual collection management.

Maddox, Brent. "Toward automation — implementing standards in visual resource collections." Art Documentation 4 (Summer 1985): 71-72. Report of an ARLIS/NA conference session on applications of new technology to managing visual collections. Participants discussed specific issues and projects, e.g., standardization, the Art & Architecture Thesaurus online. Session ended with workshop-style brainstorming on strategies for international visual collection automation implementation.

Nolan, Margaret P. "The release of photographic reproductions of art objects." Special Libraries 56 (January 1965): 42-46. The author has coordinated this process at the Metropolitan Museum of Art (U.S.). Discusses: types of releases for black and white prints, photostats, color transparencies, and slide library. Evaluates permissions for reproduction of materials for editorial and advertizing uses.

Okubo, Itsuo. "Art documentation; an attempt at the organization of visual information." Biblios: Monthly Magazine for Branch Libraries, Executive and Judicial and Other Special Libraries 18 (1967): 9-17. The first paper of its kind in Japan, this article maintains that the concept of art documentation must be established before an effective system of visual resources management can be pursued

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Okubo, I t s u o . "Why are p o s t e r s and c a t a l o g s taken up nowadays?" The L i b r a r y Journal (Japan L i b r a r y A s s o c i a t i o n ) 86 ( 1 9 8 2 ) : 398-399. V i s u a l information m a t e r i a l s include photographs, s l i d e s , video t a p e s , video d i s c s , p o s t e r s , etc. The author e x p l a i n s a local management methodology employed to systematize poster and c a t a l o g material s . P i c t u r e 1 i b r a r i a n s h i p . Edited by Helen P. H a r r i s o n . Phoenix: Oryx P r e s s , 1981. 542 pp. [ A l s o p u b l i s h e d London: L i b r a r y A s s o c i a t i o n , 1981.] See s e c t i o n H.4 f o r more d e t a i l e d annotation to t h i s textbook f o r managing p i c t o r i a l c o l l e c t i o n s . P i e r r a r d - B i n i e k , Maryse. " A n a l y s e documentaire de l ' i m a g e f i x e : état de l a question/Documentary a n a l y s i s of v i s u a l r e s o u r c e s : the methods used to d a t e . " Argus 10 (September/October 1981): 81-88. V i s u a l m a t e r i a l s ' documentation c o n t a i n s problems, e s p e c i a l l y in c l a s s i f i c a t i o n . Inadequacies in e x i s t i n g systems are explored, i n c l u d i n g techniques f o r use in archival/photography c l a s s i f y i n g . Reinhardt, P h y l l i s A. "Photograph and s l i d e c o l l e c t i o n s in a r t l i b r a r i e s . " Special L i b r a r i e s 50 (March 1959): 97-102. Reviews general c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s of such c o l l e c t i o n s , u s i n g the example of the Yale U n i v e r s i t y A r t L i b r a r y ( U . S . ) . Notes the importance of c r o s s - r e f e r e n c e s , s t a f f t r a i n i n g , and making c o l l e c t i o n management procedural. Roberts, Helene E. "The image l i b r a r y . " In A reader in a r t l i b r a r i a n s h i p , 155-161. [ F i r s t p u b l i s h e d in A r t L i b r a r i e s Journal 3 (Winter 1978): 2 5 - 3 2 . ] Theoretical a r t i c l e on image c o l l e c t i o n s , t h e i r t r a d i t i o n a l o r g a n i z a t i o n by s c h o o l s and a r t i s t s , a l t e r n a t i v e approaches and t h e i r methodology, types of iconographie indexes, and a d e f i n i t i o n of the "complete image l i b r a r y : " The i n c r e a s e in resources and research on iconographie s u b j e c t s means that v i s u a l resources managers must s t r i v e f o r better planning and c o o r d i n a t i o n , e . g . , indexing s t a n d a r d i z a t i o n , i n t e r n a t i o n a l cooperation. Roberts, Helene E. " V i s u a l documentation: engravings to v i d e o d i s c s . " Drexel L i b r a r y q u a r t e r l y 9 (Summer 1983): 18-27. D i s c u s s e s the meaning and importance of v i s u a l images for a r t study. As v i s u a l c o l l e c t i o n s have developed, so have t e c h n o l o g i c a l systems f o r enhanced information r e t r i e v a l and resource s h a r i n g . Problems and s o l u t i o n s o f f e r e d f o r the improvement of v i s u a l l i b r a r y management. Roberts, Helene E. " V i s u a l r e s o u r c e s : p r o p o s a l s f o r an ideal network." A r t L i b r a r i e s Journal 10 (Autumn 1985): 22-41. Image manipulation has become more s o p h i s t i c a t e d with advances in the new technology. The outcome could be "an ideal network of images and d a t a . " -78-

S c h i f f e r , Armgard. "The Bild-und in Gratz: a regional audio-visual A u s t r i a . " International B u l l e t i n of Visual Resources 10 (December A visual resources collection and art documentation.

Tonarchiv am Landesmuseum Jonnaeum documentation center in S t y r i a , for Photographic Documentation 1983): 19-20. for national (Austria) cultural

Tansey, Luraine. " C l a s s i f i c a t i o n of research photographs and s l i d e s . " Library Trends 23 (January 1975): 417-426. Demonstrates the importance of these visual collections through systems devised at major U.S. i n s t i t u t i o n s , e.g., Metropolitan Museum of A r t , Harvard Fine Arts Library, New York University I n s t i t u t e of Fine Art. C l a s s i f i c a t i o n emphasis embraces art form, chronology and geography. Standardization i s desirable, with modifications for special needs. Investigates impact of computerization and future use.

H.2.

Original Works of Art

Behrndt, Helle. "Artotheks in West Germany." IFLA Section of Art Libraries Newsletter, no. 12 (January 1985): 5-6. [ F i r s t published in B i b l i o t e k 70 (1983): 387-388.] Documents national and private collections of p r i n t s , posters and paintings for loan to the public. These artotheks are often a mobile l i b r a r y service. They have survived economic constraints through good p o l i t i c a l support. Staff of artotheks are not always f u l l y q u a l i f i e d professionals. Bolay, Karl. Att lana ut konst/To lend art. Lund: B i b l i o t e k s j ä n s t , 1967. 63 pp. A short treatise on art lending p o l i c y , p o l i t i c a l and p r a c t i c a l , with reference to Swedish l i b r a r i e s . This book has been i n f l u e n t i a l in the establishment of artotheks in Scandinavia. Bolay, Karl. "The p o l i t i c a l and social significance of loan collections of works of a r t . " Art L i b r a r i e s Journal 2 (Summer 1977): 26-30. [ F i r s t published in Biblioteksbladet 61 (1976): 56-60.] Loan collections of o r i g i n a l art work help to f u l f i l l the cultural r i g h t of peoples' access to art. Treats p o l i t i c a l nature of t h i s r i g h t and how l i b r a r i e s can provide f a c i l i t i e s . Bryon, J.F.W. "Art and the public l i b r a r y . " Librarian 50 (November 1961): 183-185. Public l i b r a r i e s play an important role in provision of cultural education. This a r t i c l e stresses the need for loan collections of a r t , especially from newer, emerging a r t i s t s . Cain, Robert E. "The original p r i n t . " Library Journal 91 ( 1 November 1966): 5323-5325. Describes value of a loan collection of original p r i n t s by -79-

contemporary a r t i s t s . Practices of a public l i b r a r y in Massachusetts (U.S.) demonstrate uses of these art p r i n t s by the public, s t a f f selection and management of the collection and i t s overall benefits to l i b r a r y ' s community. Carter, Jim. "Loan c o l l e c t i o n s of o r i g i n a l works of a r t . " In Art 1ibrary manual, 364-371. Limits discussion to U.K. c o l l e c t i o n s ; outlining lending routines, acquisition of stock, framing, d i s p l a y , fees and the cloudy outlook for future lending programs. Cordonnier, Alain, and Dominique Quendoz. "Traitement et mise en valeur d'une collection d ' a f f i c h e s : l'expérience de la Bibliothèque Cantonale du V a l a i s . " Nachrichten/Nouvelles/Notizie 57 (July 1984): 157-168. Describes poster collection and i t s management at a Swiss public l i b r a r y branch. Didier-Lecomte, Eliane. "La galerie municipale de prêt d'estampes de Grand Place à Grenoble." Médiathèques Publiques 47 (July/ September 1978): 45-50. The practices of lending art work are described at a French regional l i b r a r y , e.g., a c q u i s i t i o n s , equipment, s t a f f i n g and selected resources l i s t s of available works. The relationship of t h i s public library to i t s patrons i s brought out. Ericson, Anders. "Artotek i norske f o l k e b i b l i o t e k e r . " Honningpumpen, no. 2 (1984): 14. A survey statement made about e x i s t i n g artotheks in Norway, t h e i r potential centralization and development. Ericson, Anders. "The Norwegian Artoteksentralen: cooperation between a r t i s t s and l i b r a r y a u t h o r i t i e s . " Scandinavian Public Library Quarterly 18,no. 4 (1985): 92-93. A c t i v i t i e s of Norwegian artotheks, their administrative o r ganization and professional selection practices profiled. Ford, Colin. "Photographs as 298-315. History of photographs as collection by types, a r t i s t s for storage and organization c o l l e c t i o n s in the U.K.

works of a r t . " In Art l i b r a r y manual, art works summarized; describes their or processes. Preservation guidelines given, including examples of major

"Grafikudlan i Odense/Lending graphic art in Odense." Honningpumpen, no. 3 (1984): 10-12. Describes the Odense C e n t r a l b i b l i o t e k ' s (Denmark) loan program of a r t i s t s ' prints and posters.

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J a r v e l i n , Limi. "An art lending service in Finland." Scandinavian Public Library Quarterly 18,no. 4 (1985): 94-96. History of art lending through l i b r a r i e s in Finland, begun in earnest in 1972. Describes the establishment of the f i r s t "graphotek," a t r i a l service in a public l i b r a r y and the growth of art lending. Problems with t h i s service are noted. Ligocki, Michael. "Regional art as a l i b r a r y service." ALA Bulletin 55 (November 1961): 882-884. Description of a midwestern U.S. l i b r a r y service which provides art works by area a r t i s t s for exhibition. Notes publicity value of the l i b r a r y ' s exhibitions and the relationships made between a r t i s t s and public viewers. Okubo, Itsuo. "Poster collection: i t s significance and method of organization." Libraries Today (Japan Library Association) 22 (1984): 193-202. A look at the maintenance of poster c o l l e c t i o n s with reference to the situation in Japan. Okubo, Itsuo. "Poster collection of the Museum-Library of Mushashino Art U n i v e r s i t y . " Idea 156 (1979): 92-105. Outlines the Museum-Library's poster c o l l e c t i o n , which i s h i s t o r i c a l l y introduced by i l l u s t r a t i o n s . Posters are arranged according to country: Japan, Western Europe, Eastern Europe and the United States. Powell, Mary McEachin. Making art popular through the l i b r a r y : being an account of the art work in the St. Louis Public Library. St. Louis: (St. Louis Public L i b r a r y ) , 1915. 50 pp. Report on an early community project involving children and making art accessible and interesting through the l i b r a r y ' s programs (U.S.). Svensson, Sven-Olaf. "Artotheque a c t i v i t i e s in Swedish public l i b r a r i e s . " Scandinavian Public Library Quarterly 18, no. 4 (1985): 88-91. History of art lending in Sweden; evaluates public l i b r a r i e s ' role, quantity and quality of works, emphasis on graphic art c o l lection and p o l i c i e s for fees, renewals and professional selection. Waddington, Susan. " A r t loan in public l i b r a r i e s : a survey." Art Documentation 3 (Spring 1984): 8-9. Results of a survey prepared by the ARLIS/NA Public L i b r a r i e s TOL Group show the nature of art lending in the U.S. to date. H.3.

Photographs

Anderson, James D. "Organizing a photo c o l l e c t i o n : the archival approach." Picturescope 29 (Spring 1981): 7-11. -81-

Describes the establishment of the Photographic Archives at the University of Louisville, Kentucky (U.S.); using the planning decisions made at that institution, the organization of photographic documentation is evaluated from traditional, archival standards.

Cobb, Josephine. "The still picture program at the National Archives." Special Libraries 45 (September 1954): 269-273. History and collection practices of the National Archives (U.S.) photograph collection. Describes access to resources by federal agency or department and problems posed by increasing materials and their archival record value.

Coulson, Anthony J. "Conservation of photographs: some thoughts and references." Art Libraries Journal 5 (Spring 1980): 5-11. Standards for the conservation of photographs have been established in Great Britain; goals were set for making program and priority decisions. Problems of mounting, maintenance and storage are described.

Coulson, Anthony J. "Open eye research." Art Libraries Journal 1 (Spring 1976): 5-12. An in-depth examination of the photographic research process, performed by a British art librarian, as preparation of texts for an art publication. Reveals needs and methodology for visual research, e.g., biographical investigation.

Eaton, George T. "Preservation, deterioration, restoration of photographic images." Library Quarterly 40 (January 1970): 387-397. A classic article on library detection of photographic collection conservation needs. Describes preservation methods that can be utilized both in and out of the library environment.

Guide for photograph collections. Edited by Nancy Schul 1er and Susan Tamulonis. (Albuquerque): Mid-America College Art Association, 1978. 27 pp. Produced by a U.S. asssociation of visual resources curators and librarians, this guide contains essays on: cataloging and classification; conservation and maintenance; photographic subscriptions and dealers; equipment, supplies and sources; bibliography appended.

Guide to copy photography for visual resource collections. Edited by Rosemary Kuehn and Arlene Richardson. (Albuquerque): MidAmerica College Art Association; University of New Mexico Press, 1980. 122 pp. Technical guide by U.S. association covers: in-house slide production;. copy photography and darkroom requirements, equipment evaluation, setup; using copystands; photographing works of art; slide duplication; processing black and white slides; care of photographic transparencies; bibliography on sources and appendices on copy photography in art history; and a survey of slide production.

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Hendriks, Klaus Β. "The conservation of photographic materials." Picturescope 30 (Spring 1982): 4-11. Examines conservation techniques and procedures, outlines seven objectives for photographic conservation, describes principal photographic processes for black and white and color materials, and a case study of conservation at the National Library of Venezuela. Luecke, Camilla P. "Photographic library procedures." Special L i b r a r i e s 47 (December 1956): 455-461. Practical examination of procedures with suggestions for small l i b r a r y c o l l e c t i o n s . Covers: arrangement of negatives and photos, indexes to materials, cropping, maintenance of f i l e s , accessioning, c l a s s i f y i n g and general care and handling. N o r r i s , Debbie H. "The proper storage and display of a photographic c o l l e c t i o n . " Picturescope 31 (Spring 1983): 4-10. Technical examination of the composition of photographic images so preservation care can be decided. Covers paper, chemicals, film and housing properties. Good bibliographic references and diagrams of protective boxes and sealed packages. Malan, Nancy E. "Organizing photo c o l l e c t i o n s : an introspective approach." Picturescope 29 (Spring 1981): 4-6. Defines photograph collection organization by a series of intellectual questions which must be resolved before planning effective bibliographic control. Schroeder, Fred. " C o l l e c t i n g and using popular photographs." Drexel Library Quarterly 16 (July 1980): 73-88. Defines the importance of popular photography and i t s place in library collections. Sobinski-Smith, M.J. "The Yale Center for B r i t i s h Art: the Photograph Archive and iconographie access." Visual Resources 1 ( F a l l 1980/Winter 1981): 173-187. Describes the resources of t h i s photographic archive at Yale ( U . S . ) ; the cataloging process and use of automated data for access by individual objects and iconography are demonstrated, e.g. generic subject chart, photo worksheet for data input. The resultant database i s profiled. Sunderland, John. "The computer as an a c q u i s i t i o n : progress report on automatic data processing in a photograph c o l l e c t i o n . " International B u l l e t i n of Photographic Documentation of the Visual Arts 10 (December 1983): suppl. 16-21. Instructional narrative of the computerization of the Witt Library at the Courtauld I n s t i t u t e (U.K.). Results enabled s t a f f to improve access to t h i s important research photograph c o l l e c t i o n .

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Sunderland, John. "Photographs and reproductions of works of a r t . " In Art l i b r a r y manual, 285-297. Summarizes c o l l e c t i o n s ' c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s , processes for a c q u i s i t i o n , organization, accommodation, c l a s s i f i c a t i o n schemes, and representative international c o l l e c t i o n s or archives. Wilhsson, U. "Foto i biblioteket?/Photographs in the l i b r a r y ? " Biblioteksbladet 40 (1955): 182-183. Treats the popularity of books on photography in general. Discusses the problems of cataloging some types of photography materials and the need for more photograph collections in Swedish l i b r a r i e s . H.4.

Pictures

Bonté, Geneviève. "La collection iconographique maciet de Bibliothèque des Arts Décoratifs." Gazette des Beaux Arts (1983): 125-127. Describes a specialized collection of a r t , architecture design pictures, clipped and placed in albums arranged by iconographie c l a s s i f i c a t i o n . The work of amateur collector Maciet, these 6000 albums form an important French visual

la 101 and specific Jules collection.

Cano, Margarita. "How to bridge the art gap: the role of the public l i b r a r y . " ARLIS/NA Newsletter 4 (April 1976): 83-84. The author t e l l s about her experiences with an outreach program at the Miami-Dade Public Library (U.S.) and i t s sponsorship of c i r c u l a t i n g pictures, exhibitions, and screen print workshops. Recounts successes in interesting the public in viewing pictures for aesthetic and educational purposes. Coulson, Anthony. " I l l u s t r a t i o n s . " In Art l i b r a r y manual, 372-388. Investigates nature of p i c t o r i a l works and how their functions affect collection management. Covers acquisition sources, inexpensive, i n s t i t u t i o n a l and commercial, copyright, accommodation, storage and organization. Dietz, Horst. "A report on the current state of German picture lending services." Art Libraries Journal 10 (Summer 1985): 13-17. A h i s t o r i c a l account of picture lending in the BDR. Four time periods are examined, from pre-World War I up to the current situation of 1980s 1 growth and development, tempered by economic constraints. Ekholm, G. " H i s t o r i s k bildmaterial i Uppsala u n i v e r s i t e t s b i b l i o t e k . " Nordisk T i d s k r i f t 30 (1943): 135-146. An interesting h i s t o r i c a l a r t i c l e about Swedish visual resources management in a major university l i b r a r y . Explains how p i c t o r i a l art materials, e.g. drawings, engravings, lithographs and maps, a s s i s t in the documentation of national cultural h i s t o r y . -84-

Evans, Hilary. Picture l i b r a r i a n s h i p · New York; London: K.G. Saur; C. Bingley, 1980. 136 pp. A textbook format manual to picture collection management, using primarily B r i t i s h practices as examples. Fetros, John G. "Cooperative picture searching and collection development." Special Libraries 62 (May/June 1971): 217-227. Notes ways of making cooperation work between public and special l i b r a r i e s for improved picture collections and services. Reviews available reference sources, indexes and materials for use. Frankenberg, Celestine. " S p e c i a l i z a t i o n : pictures: a dialogue about the trainino of picture l i b r a r i a n s . " Special Libraries 56 (January 1965): 16-19. The author interviews Romana J a v i t z , longtime picture l i b r a r i a n , about her training experiences and how common denominators relevant to the profession may be developed. Grigorenko, V. " I z o t e k i - d e l o nuzhnoe/Art print collections are e s s e n t i a l . " Bibliotekar 9 (1971): 56-57. U.S.S.R. perspective on the value of p i c t o r i a l collections in libraries. Hirn, Sven. "Taidetta k i r j a s t o i h i n . " Kijastolehti 46 (November 1953): 208-211. Reaffirms the importance of art books and pictures to general users, especially in rural areas (Finland). Outlines a system of using and expanding a collection of graphic art and art print reproductions from discarded books and periodicals. J a v i t z , Romana. " S t i l l p i c t u r e s . " Picturescope 15 (1967): 2-6. Carefully explains the technical processes in picture reproductions, including the differences in photomechanical techniques for printed pictures. Treats the philosophical and u t i l i t a r i a n functions of pictures as a substitute for depicted art works. Notes terminology i r r e s o l u t i o n from the eventual introduction of the documentary photograph. Jirgensons, Mary. "Thinking v i s u a l l y about subject headings for picture f i l e s . " Picturescope 26 (Autumn 1978): 100-123. Investigates many aspects of constructing effective subject c l a s s i f i c a t i o n / a c c e s s to p i c t o r i a l materials based on the special needs of these c o l l e c t i o n s ' users. Lee, David. "Picture l i b r a r i e s . " In B r i t i s h l i b r a r i a n s h i p and information work 1976-80. Vol. 2: Special l i b r a r i e s , materials and processes, 49-57. Edited by L.J. Taylor. London: Library Association, 1983.

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A report on the state of U.K. picture c o l l e c t i o n s ' i n public and private l i b r a r i e s , t h e i r progresses and challenges. Perry, Barbara. "The National Library of A u s t r a l i a Apollo Project Australian Pictures On Line." ARLIS/ANZ News 16 (December 1984/ February 1985): 17-21. Report on a project to automate access to p i c t o r i a l records onto the Australian Bibliographical Network database. Explains preparation and input of multi-media data, and future project goals. Perry, Barbara. "The p i c t o r i a l collection in the National Library of A u s t r a l i a . " ARLIS/ANZ News 13 (December 1982): 14-17. Describes picture c o l l e c t i o n ' s national art scope, subjects, function for research and how the s t a f f processes materials. Outlines future cataloging/access improvement projects. Picture 1ibrarianship. Edited by Helen P. Harrison. Phoenix: Oryx Press, 1981. 542 pp. [Also published London: Library Association, 1981.] Useful textbook approach to picture collection management, also including care of microform materials. Sections cover background history of picture 1 ibrarianship and specific c o l l e c t i o n s , photography and printing processes, sources, selection, storage and preservation, arrangement and indexing, new technology, staff education, training and administration. Part 2 i s "Case studies and surveys of picture l i b r a r i e s , " by type of l i b r a r y c o l l e c t i o n , e.g., national, commercial and special l i b r a r i e s (U.K. and U.S.). Rice, S. "Picture retrieval by concept coordination: a s e l f - i n t e r preting model f i l e . " Special L i b r a r i e s 60 (December 1969): 627-634. Demonstrates how f i l i n g systems can be made humanities oriented: through serial use of general c l a s s i f i c a t i o n schedules and logical set operations, descriptive vocabulary resulted in a prototype model f i l e structure, i l l u s t r a t e d by a 16th century woodcut example. R u s s e l l , H i l a r y . "Reflections of an image finder: some problems and suggestions for picture researchers." Material History B u l l e t i n (National Museum of Man, Canada) 20 ( F a l l 1984): 79-83. Describes Canadian archives' and l i b r a r i e s ' collections and methods of h i s t o r i c a l photograph research. Researcher access to materials depends on collection organization and indexing. Potential problems with subject access are defined and suggestions made for s t a f f treatment of researchers' needs. Shaw, Renata V. "Picture organization: practices and procedures. Parts 1 and 2." Special L i b r a r i e s 63 (October 1972): 448-456; Special L i b r a r i e s 63 (November 1972): 502-506. Part 1 focuses on practices and procedures: self-indexing f i l e s , captioning, approaches to s t a f f i n g , financial support, collection p r i o r i t i e s . Part 2 covers i n d i v i d u a l l y cataloged pictures, group cataloging, use of microforms in picture c o l l e c t i o n s . -86-

Shaw, Renata V. " P i c t u r e p r o f e s s i o n a l i s m . " Special L i b r a r i e s 65 (October/November 1974): 421-429. D e f i n e s p i c t u r e " p r o f e s s i o n a l i s m " as a new concept among s p e c i a l i s t s ; decribes how aspects of p i c t o r i a l work, e . g . s e l e c t i o n , p r o c e s s i n g , should lead to standards f o r v i s u a l l i b r a r i a n s h i p .

Shaw, Renata V. " P i c t u r e s e a r c h i n g . P a r t s 1 and 2 . " Special L i b r a r i e s 62 (December 1971): 524-529; Special L i b r a r i e s 63 (January 1972): 13-24. Part 1 on techniques, part 2 on t o o l s are a l l d i r e c t e d toward a search f o r reviewing p i c t u r e l i b r a r i a n s h i p as a " s p e c i a l i n t e l l e c t u a l d i s c i p l i n e " which has not had s p e c i f i c education or requirements developed at present, but w i l l develop such needs. Vavra, E l i z a b e t h . " C l i o — a computer program f o r the e x p l o i t a t i o n of a p i c t u r e a r c h i v e . " I n t e r n a t i o n a l B u l l e t i n f o r Photographic Documentation of the V i s u a l A r t s 10 (December 1983): suppl. 21-23. Drawn from a conference paper, t h i s a r t i c l e recounts how access was improved to an A u s t r i a n p i c t u r e a r c h i v e by computerized indexing.

H.5.

Slides

Bogar, Candace S. " C l a s s i f i c a t i o n f o r an a r c h i t e c t u r e and a r t s l i d e c o l l e c t i o n . " Special L i b r a r i e s 66 (December 1975): 570-574. A r c h i t e c t u r e c l a s s i f i c a t i o n has b u i l t - i n s p e c i a l problems and requirements; c l a s s i f i c a t i o n needs to be expanded from broad systems Revamped b u i l d i n g type codes, examples made based on a project f o r the U n i v e r s i t y of M i c h i g a n ' s School of A r t s l i d e c o l l e c t i o n ( U . S . ) . B r a d f i e l d , V a l e r i e . " S l i d e s and t h e i r u s e r s : thoughts f o l l o w i n g a survey of some s l i d e c o l l e c t i o n s in B r i t a i n . " A r t L i b r a r i e s Journal 2 (Summer 1977): 4-21. I n v e s t i g a t e s s l i d e r e t r i e v a l problems and r e l a t e d methods of c o l l e c t i o n o r g a n i z a t i o n . D i s c u s s e s i s s u e s i n v o l v e d in borrowing of s l i d e s . Proposes an " i d e a l " o r g a n i z a t i o n drawn from a survey of U.K. s l i d e c o l l e c t i o n s , t h e i r s t a f f and u s e r s . D a v i s , Ron. "The p r o f e s s i o n a l s t a t u s of s l i d e c u r a t o r s . " ARLIS News-sheet ( U . K . ) , no. 55 ( J u l y / A u g u s t ) : 3 - 5 . Argues that s l i d e l i b r a r i a n s are a "hidden p r o f e s s i o n " in the U.K. C o n t r a s t s s i t u a t i o n with U.S. o r g a n i z a t i o n a l movements and Defines the nature of s l i d e p r o f e s s i o n a l i s m and goes on to c h a r t s t a f f q u a l i f i c a t i o n s and e i g h t main p o i n t s on problems which must be faced in f u l f i l l i n g these q u a l i f i c a t i o n s . D e L a u r i e r , Nancy. " S l i d e q u a l i t y c o n t r o l . " I n t e r n a t i o n a l B u l l e t i n f o r Photographic Documentation of the V i s u a l A r t s 10 (December -87-

1983): suppl. 1-4. History of efforts by U.S. slide curators and slide producers to instill "quality consciousness" in this product. Reviews standards.

Diamond, R.M. "A retrieval system for 35 mm. slides utilized in arts and humanities instruction." In Bibliographic control of non-print media, 346-359. Edited by P.S. Groves. Chicago: American Library Association, 1972. One of several slide classification and retrieval systems which have been influential in the U.S. Scheme calls for general and specific uses for improved retrieval and can be used in conjunction with the Santa Cruz classification system. Essay includes examples of the author's classification scheme applied to 17th century art.

Freeman, Carla. "Creative slide acquisition programs." International Bulletin for Photographic Documentation of the Visual Arts 11 (Summer 1984): 10-11. Explains types of acquisition systems employed for slide collections, from direct photography to using vendors.

Freeman, Carla. "Subject indexing the art school slide collection." International Bulletin for Photographic Documentation of the Visual Arts 10 (June 1983): 14-15. Examines ways of indexing slide collections by subject to accommodate both studio and art historical visual study.

Freitag, Wolfgang. "Slides for individual use in the college library." Library Trends 23 (January 1975): 495-499. A study on considerations for organizing a slide collection based on its institutional users' study needs.

Graf, Maria Antonieta. "The importance of a slide library in a university." A r t Documentation 1 (February 1982): 12. Scope and administration of the slide library of the IberoAmerican University (Mexico); describes service functions and a scheme used for arrangement of the collection.

Guide to equipment for slide maintenance and viewing. Edited by Gillian Scott. (Albuquerque): Mid-America College Art Association, 1978. 164 pp. Practical technical manual by U.S. association covers: equipment for binding and labeling slides; rear screen projection slide viewers; light tables; slide storage and equipment; selected bibliography, manufacturers/distributors addresses, forms and appendix.

Irvine, Betty Jo. "Organization and management of art slide collections. Library Trends 23 (January 1975): 401-416. Reviews factors for collection management: staffing, job descriptions, organization based on size and purpose, acquisition and selection, and housing requirements. -88-

I r v i n e , Betty Jo. " S l i d e c l a s s i f i c a t i o n : a h i s t o r i c a l survey." College and Research L i b r a r i e s 32 (January 1971); 23-30. Provides background to U.S. s l i d e collection c l a s s i f i c a t i o n systems up to the present. Data drawn from an i n s t i t u t i o n a l survey of 112 U.S. s l i d e collections in college, university and selected museum l i b r a r i e s . I r v i n e , Betty Jo. " S l i d e c o l l e c t i o n s in art l i b r a r i e s . " College and Research L i b r a r i e s 30 (September 1969): 443-445. Looks at the developments of slide collections in academic i n s t i t u t i o n s , t h e i r teaching purposes and t h e i r growth into increasingly complex c o l l e c t i o n s requiring professional admini s t r a t i o n . Details trends in U.S. s l i d e collection development through professional publications. I r v i n e , Betty Jo, and Eileen P. Fry. Slide l i b r a r i e s : a guide for academic i n s t i t u t i o n s , museums, and special collections. 2nd ed. L i t t l e t o n , Colo. : L i b r a r i e s Unlimited, 1979. 321 pp. 1979. 238 pp. Important textbook approach to maintaining and developing s l i d e c o l l e c t i o n s . Covers: background; administration and s t a f f i n g ; c l a s s i f i c a t i o n and cataloging; l i b r a r y techniques and t o o l s ; a c q u i s i t i o n s and production methods; storage and access systems; planning for f a c i l i t i e s ; projection systems; miscellaneous equipment and supplies; selected bibliography, s l i d e sources and manufacturers; and a survey directory of s l i d e l i b r a r i e s in U.S. and other countries. Lelieur, Anne-Claude. " S l i d e s at the Bibliothèque Forney." Art Libraries Journal 2 (Autumn 1977): 31-32. This French art l i b r a r y ' s s l i d e collection began in 1968 with emphasis on craft art; the c o l l e c t i o n ' s scope and p o l i c i e s covered. Pacey, P h i l i p . "Handling s l i d e s single-handed." Art L i b r a r i e s Journal 2 (Autumn 1977): 22-30. The author's experiences with organizing and developing a slide collection for study purposes i s recounted; an easy-to-use retrieval system, c l a s s i f i e d by Dewey, was developed, including housing s l i d e s in cabinets for a U.K. c o l l e g e ' s Art and Design School. Pacey, P h i l i p . " S l i d e s and f i l m s t r i p s . " In Art library manual, 272-284. Technical a n a l y s i s of a c q u i s i t i o n , organization, mounting and labeling s l i d e s . Housing, viewing equipment, loan systems and l i b r a r y conservation are covered. Page, J u l i e A. " S l i d e s in the public l i b r a r y . " ARLIS/NA Newsletter 4 (April 1976): 84-86. Recounts how author started up a slide collection for the Art

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D i v i s i o n of the Rochester Public Library ( U . S . ) ; four important planning questions are offered, including a chart of general U.S. s l i d e collections surveyed for types of materials and management. S i g a l a , Stephanie. "A decade of professional l i t e r a t u r e for s l i d e curators." International B u l l e t i n for Photographic Documentation of the Visual Arts 12 (Autumn 1985): 24-28. Examines the state of professional/training l i t e r a t u r e available, noting the emergence of useful w r i t i n g s only in the l a s t decade. Simons, Wendell, and Luraine Tansey. A S l i d e c l a s s i f i c a t i o n system for the organization and automatic indexing of i n t e r d i s c i p l i n a r y c o l l e c t i o n s of s l i d e s and pictures. (Santa Cruz): s i . . , 1970. 267 pp. Technical manual of a s l i d e c l a s s i f i c a t i o n and indexing scheme widely used in U.S. c o l l e c t i o n s . Contains potential for automated s l i d e retrieval by various entries, e.g., h i s t o r y , subdivided. "Statement on slide quality standards." International B u l l e t i n for Photographic Documentation of the Visual Arts 10 (June 1983): 6. An example of a professionally-composed standards statement prepared by the ARLIS/NA Visual Resources Special Interest Group and the College Art Association Visual Resources Ad Hoc Subcommittee on S l i d e Quality ( U . S . ) . Sundt, Christine L. "Mounting slide film between g l a s s — for preservation or destruction? Visual Resources 2 (Fall/Winter 1981/ Spring 1982): 37-62. An in-depth examination of the s l i d e mounting process, with technical account of the pros and cons of using g l a s s and i t s preservation worthiness. Extensive technical bibliography and charts. Swann, E. "Problems involved in e s t a b l i s h i n g a slide collection in the School of Architecture, School of Melbourne." Austral i an Library Journal 9 (1960): 159-162. Case study a r t i c l e on important issues in developing a slide collection for study purposes, p a r t i c u l a r l y those problems relating to architectural s l i d e c l a s s i f i c a t i o n and r e t r i e v a l . Trenner, L e s l i e . "The growth of a s l i d e l i b r a r y : the Courtauld I n s t i t u t e of A r t . " Art L i b r a r i e s Journal 8 (Winter 1983): 23-28. Charts h i s t o r i c a l development of t h i s major U.K. visual c o l lection, and r i s e of issues requiring resolution of a c q u i s i t i o n , s t a f f i n g , indexing and usage. Cites current challenges in i t s advances of the l a s t two decades. V o i r o l , Monique. "La Diathèque de la Bibliothèque d ' a r t et d'archéologie de Genève." Nachrichten/Nouvel1es/Notizie 57 (September 1981): 265-268. Organization and management p o l i c i e s outlined for the s l i d e collection of a major Swiss research l i b r a r y . -90-

V. AUTHOR INDEX Abbot, E. Aboyade, B.O. 43 Alexander, Mary Louise 40 Alvey, Celine 66 Anderle, Donald 74 Andersen, Gunhild 27 Anderson, James D. 60, 81 Apatova, R. 21 Archbold, Ralf Thomas 25 Asheim, Lester 51 Âstrand, Folke 31 Austen, Benedict 43 Avann, Mike 51

Cheetham, David 51 Chiarmonte, Paula 72 Clarke-Hazlitt, Janet 33 Cobb, Josephine 82 Coekelberghs, D. 25 Cole, F.D. 31 Collins, Jane D. 56 Collinson, R.L. 32 Coolidge, John 33 Cordonnier, Alain 80 Corti, Laura 66, 68 Coulson, Anthony J. 82, 84 Couprie, L.D. 52 Cowl es, Thomas 33 Crask, C. 40 Crogham, Antony 59, 76 Crouch, Dora 59 Cummings, Frederick 40 Cummings, John 20, 67 Cuneo, Mary Jane 56 Curri e, Gillian 52

Babineau, Suzanne 66 Backlund, Caroline 71 Bagrova, I.Y. 21 Baker, Sylva C. 51 Balke, Noel 16, 20, 26 Barnett, Patricia 36, 51 Baxter, Paula A. 43 Becker, Jill 75 Behrendt, Thomas 66 Behrndt, Helle 27, 37, 79 Benge, R.C. 36 Bisbé, C. 26 Blásquez, Elsa Barberena 29 Bloch, Peter 62 Boaden, Sue 59 Bogar, Candace S. 87 Bogesen, Benedicte 27 Boj i η, Minda Α. 48 Bol ay, Karl 79 Bonté, Geneviève 84 Boswick, Arthur E. 43 Bradfield, Valerie 63, 71, 87 Brady, Darlene 43 Brewer, F. 62 Brewster, Diana 74 Brooks, Susan 30 Brown, Iain Gordon 63 Broxis, Peter F. 52 Bryon, J.F.W. 44, 79 Bull, Adrian D. 52 Burton, Anthony 70 Byrne, Elizabeth D. 37 Byrne, Nadene 37

Dalberto, Janet 62 Damiron, Suzanne 28 Dane, William J. 21, 35 Davis, Alexander 60 Davis, M. 60 Davis, Ron 87 De Marco, Elizabeth 44 DeCandido, GraceAnne 67 DeCandido, Robert 65 Dei ss, William A. 63 DeLaurier, Nancy 76, 87 Diamond, R.M. 88 Didier-Lecomte, Eliane 28, 80 Dietz, Horst 84 Dole, Wanda 35, 37, 38 Donahue, Katharine 38 Downer, Christine 18 Duboulez, Jean-Pierre 18, 67 Dukas, Martha L.P. 70 Dwyer, Melva J. 26, 70, 72 Eaton, George T. 82 Ekdahl, Janis 72 Ekholm, G. 84 Emanuel, Muriel 41 Ericson, Anders 80 Evans, Hilary 85

Cain, Robert E. 79 Cannon-Brooks, Peter 70 Cano, Margarita 84 Carrick, Neville 48 Carter, Jim 80 Chapon, François 37

Faughey, John 51 Fawcett, Trevor 14, 16, 19, 22, 38, 44, 52, 53, 55, 60 Fennelly, Lawrence J. 34 Fernandez de Zamora, Rosa Ma. -91-

Fetros, John G. .85 Ford, Colin 80 Foster, Donald L. 56 Fox-Pitt, Sarah 63 Frankenberg, Celestine 85 Freeman, Carla 88 Frei band, Susan 26 Freiberg, S. 22 Freitag, Wolfgang, 9, 15, 22, 38, 60, 88 French, Sonia 44 Freudenthal, Juan R. 27

Irvine, Betty Jo 49, 58, 88, 89 Ito, Kae 60 Jacquier, E. 45 Jantjes, Gavin 45 Jarvelin, Limi 81 Javitz, Romana 85 Jirgensons, Mary 85 Jones, Lois Swan 14, 34, 49, 69 Jost, Karl 67 Kaden, Vera 32, 41, 45 Kamen, Ruth 35 Kaplan, Robin 45 Karpel, Bernard 45 Kasman, Dorothy 15 Katz, Bill 75 Kehde, Martha 35 Kellein, Thomas 64 Kent, Charles D. 32 Kirby, John 58 Kirkpatrick, Nancy 76 Knospe, Bettina 56 Knox, Katharine McCook 33 Koidan, E.B. 32 Koppleman, Connie 49 Korenic, Lyn 58 Köstler, Hermann 77 Kraeva, N. 46 Krausse, Sylvia 68 Kuehn, Rosemary 82 Kuznerz, Peggy Ann 39

Gagnebin, Bernard 31 Garvey, Wendy 30 Gerard, O.E. 41 Gerson, H. 30 Gibson, Sarah Scott 9, 14, 34, 44 Gii 1 , E. 32 Giorgi s, Kebreab 19 Gosling, W.A. 56 Graf, Maria Antonieta 88 Greenhalgh, Michael 67 Grigorenko, V. 85 Gwinn, Nancy E. 38 Hal penny, Frances G. Hannah, Sheila 76 Harrington, Lyn 39 Harris, K.G.E. 10 Harrison, Helen P. 78, 86 Harrop, Dorothy 54 Hasburg, Susan 72 Haskirs, Katherine 71 Hatt, Frank 49 Henkle, Herman H. 14 Herrick, Julie D. Hess, Stanley 24 Hinson, Karen 62 Hirn, Sven 85 Ho, Lucy C. 56 Hoffberg, Judith A. 9, 16,

Larsen, John 15, 50 Lawrence, Deirdre E. 34 Larson, Carolyn S. 58 Le Bouti11ier, O.B. 75 Leach, Elizabeth 71 Lee, David 85 Lehmann-Brockhaus, 0. 57 Lelieur, Anne-Claude 89 Lemke, Antje Β. 15 Lersch, Thomas 19 Leslie, M. 62 Lewis, Elizabeth M. 60, 73 Lewis, Stanley 58, 77 Lichten, Frances 50 Ligocki, Michael 81 Löschburg, Winfried 57 Lucas, E. Louise 10, 77 Luecke, Camilla P. 83 Lund, Hakon 64

24, 65, 75 Hosaka, Y. 20 Houghton, Beth. 45, 49, 59, 70 Howie, Bruce Α. 56 Huder, Walter 64 Hudson, Graham 75 Hunnisett, Basil 9, 28 Hunter, Carolyn Owlett 10 Huxley, David 51

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Macandrew, Hugh 32 McKenzie, Karen 17 Maddox, Brerit 77 Mal an, Nancy E. 83 Mal ley, Ian 50 Marco, Guy A. 15 Marcus, Anthony 69 Markey, Karen 68 Matthews, John 22 Milhailovic, C. 46 Monty, Vivienne 64 Moore, P. 74 Morley, Grace M. 41, 46 Morris, Deborah 53 Mount, Η.E. 20 Murray, Irena 26 Murray, Peter 36, 46 Mutrux, Robin 60

Quendoz, Dominique 80

Neumann, Κ. 28 Newmyer, Jody 10 Nolan, Margaret P. 20, 77 Noo, Madeleine M. de 53, 57 Norris, Debbie H. 83 Nurcombe, Valerie J. 46

Sacca, Elisabeth 50 Samart Suepiantham 31 Samuel, Evelyn K. 21, 66, 73 Sandström, Sven 31, 64, 73 Scavenius, Bente 12 Schäme, Ulrike 29, 65 Schecter, llene R. 47 Schiffer, Armgard 79 Schimansky, Donya-Dobrila 39 Schoneman, Ruth E. 33, 57 Schroeder, Fred 83 Schug, Albert 47 Schul 1er, Nancy S. 76, 82 Scott, Gillian 88 Serban, William 43 Seydelmann, G. 61 Shaw, Margaret 25 Shaw, Renata V. 86, 87 Sheridan, Ian 16 Sherman, Claire Richter 12 Sifford, Harlan L. 63 Sigala, Stephanie 90 Simons, Wendell 90 Singer, Loren 50, 74 Sisson, Jacqueline D. 23, 61, 73 Smislova, Anna 54 Smith, Gaye 21, 34, 57 Smith, Virginia C. 70, 73 Snow, Christine 41 Sobinski-Smith, M.J. 83 Sorkow, Janice 74 Sparrow, R. 62 Stam, Deirdre C. 42 Starr, Daniel A. 42 Stave, Don 36

Ram, Dhani 57 Ramsden, Michael J. 54 Reichardt, Jasia 59 Reinhardt, Phyllis A. 78 Rice, S. 86 Richardson, Arlene 76, 82 Richardson, John 41 Ridler, William 62 Rinehart, Michael 47 Ri pin, Arley 15 Roberts, Helene E. 23, 78 Roddy, Kevin 54 Root, Nina J. 65 Rouit, Huguette 23, 47 RUcker, Elisabeth 23 Russell, Hilary 86

Ohlgren, Thomas H. 61 Okubo, Itsuo 19, 20, 29, 47, 77, 78, 81 Okun, Henry 74 01 in, Ferris 9 Osumi, Aki ko 53 Pacey, Philip 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 17, 18, 19, 39, 50, 75, 89 Page, Julie A. 89 Pâhlman, S. 30 Palatsky, Celine 54 Patrick, Stephen Allan 64 Patten, David J. 53, 68 Perry, Barbara 86 Peterson, Toni 54, 61 Phillpot, Clive 12, 17, 54, 59, 62 Pierrard-Biniek, Maryse 78 Pines, Doralynn 36 Pi sciotta, Henry 68 Pollard, Nik 75 Polowy, Barbara 15 Postiethwaite, Bonnie 59 Powell, Mary McEachin 81 Preissler, I. 28 Prilischch, I. 34 Purvanova, Iordanka 68

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Wilhhson, U. 84 W i l l i a m s o n , Jane 71 W i l l i a m s o n , Jane 71 W i l l i a m s o n , Mary 48, 64 W i n k l e r , Wolfgang 29 Wood, Kathryn 29, 51, 55 Woodberry, Evelyn 25 Wright, Jane 13 Wyngaard, Susan 69

Stimmel, E. 47 S t o k e s , Roy 48 S t o v e r , Catherine 65 Sunderland, John 83, 84 Sundt, C h r i s t i n e L. 90 S u s t i k , Joan M. 74 Svensson, Sven-Olaf 81 Swann, E. 90 Swartzburg, Susan G. 34, 66 Symons, Anthony 69

Yao, Winberta 40 Tamulonis, Susan 82 Tansey, Luraine 79, 90 T a y l o r , Hugh A. 65 T a y l o r , L . J . 19, 85 Teague, Edward H. 39 Tepper, L e s i i e H. 48 Thompson, Enid Τ. 42 Thompson, James 12 Thomson, John 25 Thorsted, Jorgen 39 Toupin, J u a n i t a M. 34, 48 Toyne, Derek 13, 23, 58 Treese, W i l l i a m 70 Trenner, L e s l i e 90 Tuckerman, Lucy D. 39 Tümmers, H.J. 17, 48, 61, 68 Turpi η, Lyn 42 T u t h i l l , M.L. 16

Z u r i d i , M.-H. 74

Ueda, S h u - i c h i 60 Usher, E l i z a b e t h R. 35, 62 Van Brüggen, Franz 27 V a r l e y , G i l l i a n 35 V a r v e r i s , Therese 58 Vavra, E l i z a b e t h 87 Vezina, R. 69 Viaux, Jacqueline 17, 18, 24 V o i r o l , Monique 90 V o l k e r s z , E. 63 Volkova, N.B. 63 Vyas, H. Kumar 48 Waddington, Susan 81 Walker, John Α. 55, 74 Walker, W i l l i a m 18, 23, 55 Ward, Ann R. 10 Ward, L . J . 43 Wegner, Jürgen 76 Weinrich, Renate 24 Westb0e, M. 51 Westerman, C. 58 W i l c o x , R.M. 40 W i l d e n - H a r t , Marion 24, 71

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