Cape Bretoniana: An Annotated Bibliography 9781442672703

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CAPE BRETONIANA An Annotated Bibliography

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CAPE BRETONIANA An Annotated Bibliography

Compiled by Brian Douglas Tennyson

Published in association with the Beaton Institute, University College of Cape Breton UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO PRESS Toronto Buffalo London

www.utppublishing.com © University of Toronto Press Incorporated 2005 Toronto Buffalo London Printed in Canada ISBN 0-8020-8712-4

Printed on acid-free paper

Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication Tennyson, B. D. Cape Bretoniana : an annotated bibliogaphy / compiled by Brian Douglas Tennyson. Includes bibliographical references and indexes. ISBN 0-8020-8712-4 1. Cape Breton Island (N.S.) – History – Bibliography. Breton Island (N.S.) – Bibliography. I. Title. Z1392.C27T453 2005

016.971699

2. Cape

C2004-901826-4

University of Toronto Press acknowledges the financial assistance to its publishing program of the Canada Council for the Arts and the Ontario Arts Council. University of Toronto Press acknowledges the financial support for its publishing activities of the Government of Canada through the Book Publishing Industry Development Program (BPIDP).

TO SANDY, who understands

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Contents

Introduction ix 1 General 3 2 Mi’kmaq 18 3 Early History

42

4 French Regime

53

5 British Regime 151 6 Canadian Regime 188 7 Coal and Steel 315 8 Local 395 9 Religion 484 10 Culture 536 11 Genealogy 684 References

695

Author Index

699

Subject Index 747

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Introduction

There’s magic in Cape Breton, She can charm you with her smile, Then you shall pay allegiance to The queen of a thousand isles. Lillian Crewe Walsh*

This bibliography attempts the impossible, namely to provide a comprehensive listing of published material relating to Cape Breton. The task of compiling it has proven to be a mammoth one, involving more than four years of research, a fact which begs the question of why it was done. Cape Breton is, as most readers of this book will be aware, a unique community whose history and ethnic composition have resulted in a powerful sense of identity and place. While much nonsense is generated about this history and culture by ambitious tourism promoters and poorly informed if wellmeaning enthusiasts, there can be no question that Cape Breton possesses a unique and powerful character. In a world that is becoming increasingly homogenized by the forces of so-called globalization, unique cultural identities like that of Cape Breton need to be not only recognized but preserved and even nurtured. The world needs Cape Breton and other places like it, and, as a historian, I naturally subscribe to the belief that in order to understand who we are, we must know our past. This bibliography is a modest contribution towards achieving that essential self-awareness. * Lillian Crewe Walsh, ‘The queen of a thousand isles.’ Calling Cape Breton (NP: privately published, nd), 24.

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Introduction

An earlier version of this book, entitled Cape Breton: A Bibliography, was published in 1978 by the Nova Scotia Department of Education. In the preface to that work, which contained 1,352 entries, I commented that ‘with the notable exception of its coal mines, Cape Breton has not been extensively studied, although there seems to be growing interest in the island’s history and culture.’ That observation proved to be prescient indeed. During the subsequent quarter century there has been a veritable explosion of scholarly and popular writing on Atlantic Canada, including Cape Breton. A decade earlier, the celebration of the centennial of Confederation in 1967 marked a high point of Canadian national consciousness. Regionalism, which had been a significant and growing force since Confederation, assumed even greater importance. One cannot help suspecting that to some extent this reflected the increasing importance of provincial governments in the daily lives of Canadians, due to the postwar expansion of education combined with the postwar baby boom, and the introduction of the public health care system, both of which came under provincial jurisdiction. As well, the emergence of Quebec nationalism in the 1960s surely encouraged Canadians in other regions to examine their own attitude towards the nation. Two small examples of this growing regional consciousness in the 1970s were the founding of Acadiensis, an academic journal dedicated to the history of the Atlantic region, and the establishment of the Atlantic Association of Historians, whose goal was to encourage historians in the region to get to know each other better and to encourage collaboration. Even while allowing for the incompleteness of Cape Breton: A Bibliography, it is remarkable to realize that Cape Bretoniana contains 6,221 entries, more than five times as many as its predecessor. And while much of the expanded literature does address the island’s seemingly perennial economic problems, focusing on coal and steel, the greatest area of growth clearly has been in the cultural sector. Just as the past quarter century witnessed a remarkable growth in regional consciousness, it is also apparent that Cape Breton has experienced a cultural renaissance since the 1960s. These two realities are not unrelated. Similar phenomena can be seen in Newfoundland and Prince Edward Island and among New Brunswick’s resurgent Acadian population. Indeed, they can be seen throughout the world in the growing resistance to globalization, which too often really means the dominance of English-speaking American secular culture. In Cape Breton in the 1960s, many young people were embarrassed by their traditional culture, which they loved but considered old-fashioned and definitely not ‘cool.’ Some believe that the construction of the Canso Causeway, which finally

Introduction

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linked the island to the mainland in the 1950s, sparked the cultural revival because, along with the rising influence of radio, television, and movies, it seemed to threaten it. Others wonder if the growing influx of outsiders, people from other parts of Canada and from the United States, in the 1960s and 1970s was a significant factor. If people from Upper Canada and the United States thought Cape Breton’s music, folklore, values, and lifestyle had merit, did this legitimize it to the local population? A significant contributor to Cape Breton’s cultural renaissance – and a reflection of it – was Cape Breton’s Magazine, founded in 1972 by Ron Caplan, which enabled Cape Bretoners to tell their stories to each other. Similarly, Alistair MacLeod’s powerful short stories and, most recently, his first novel, No great mischief, have shared Cape Breton’s culture with the outside world. Our debt to Ron Caplan, who came from away, and Alistair MacLeod, whose family went away, is quite simply immeasurable, but they were not alone. As this bibliography demonstrates, many people have contributed through their love of this island, its geography, its people, and its heritage. Cape Bretoniana – the title recalls the pioneering work undertaken by Mother Saint Margaret, founder of the Cape Bretoniana Archives at Xavier Junior College in Sydney, later renamed the Beaton Institute in her memory – includes books, journal and magazine articles, and postgraduate theses published to the end of 1998. It does not include annual reports, directories, brochures, programs, newsletters, newspaper articles, scientific and technical publications, undergraduate theses, or book reviews. Nor does it include electronic ‘publications’ such as films, records, compact discs, and videos. In preparing a bibliography, one inevitably confronts a number of difficult questions. The most fundamental problem in this era of desktop publishing is to determine what constitutes a publication. The National Library and professional bibliographers have agreed on technical standards in an effort to solve this problem, but their conclusions did not seem entirely appropriate for this project because they would have excluded many items which might not properly be defined as publications but which nonetheless exist in bound form and are valuable resources for students of Cape Bretoniana. Accordingly, while I have not succeeded in arriving at an entirely clear or consistent definition, and at the risk of offending the sensibilities of professional bibliographers, I have generally included items even if privately ‘published’ but have excluded unbound reports generated by governmental or institutional departments, consultants, and individuals. Inevitably, however, I have made exceptions to this rule when a report

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seemed to be of sufficient importance. This procedure is obviously subjective and open to criticism but, bearing in mind my primary goal of compiling a comprehensive bibliography of Cape Bretoniana, it seemed better to risk this criticism than to adhere rigidly to a firm rule that would exclude valuable material. Works that deal with broader themes than Cape Breton are included if they contain what is deemed to be significant Cape Breton content. Again, determining what is ‘significant’ has been very difficult and is ultimately subjective as well. Thus, a history of Canada that contains a few pages on Cape Breton is not included but one with several pages is. Similarly, it was decided that items written by Cape Bretoners would not be included unless they were about Cape Breton. Thus, for example, Hugh MacLennan’s Each man’s son is included but Barometer rising is not. The general methodology has been to search through existing bibliographies, including Internet library resources and periodical indexes. Much use has been made of the invaluable collections and resources of the Beaton Institute at the University College of Cape Breton in Sydney, Nova Scotia, but I have also relied heavily on Dalhousie University’s Killam Library and the Saint Mary’s University library in Halifax, the St Francis Xavier University library in Antigonish, and that national treasure, the National Library of Canada in Ottawa. The James McConnell public library in Sydney was also a valuable source. Friends and colleagues have often brought items to my attention as well. While the emphasis has naturally been on items published in English, material in other languages such as French, Gaelic, and German has been included as well. The entries are listed alphabetically by author under eleven headings that are both chronological and thematic, and are numbered consecutively throughout the bibliography. Collections of articles or essays by more than one author are listed under both the editor’s name and the names of the individual authors, the entry under the editor’s name merely listing the names of the authors. Readers are reminded that topics sometimes overlap, so that chapter groupings should not be interpreted too strictly. Thus, an item listed in chapter 8 (Local) may very well contain significant genealogical information as well, even though it is not listed in chapter 11 (Genealogy). Items that include material overlapping time periods are listed in the chapter dealing with the period in which they begin. Thus, for example, an item on agricultural history from the 1850s to the 1880s would be listed in chapter 5, which covers the era of the British regime from 1763 to 1867. Comprehensive author and subject indexes are included in an attempt to make

Introduction

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easier the search for items on specific subjects and to follow the writings of particular authors. Each entry lists the author, title, place of publication, publisher, date of publication, volume and issue number in the case of periodicals, and page references, followed by a brief description of the item. The following abbreviations are used, in order: NP (place of publication unknown), np (unpaginated), Illus (illustrations), Fns (footnotes), Apps (appendices), Biblio (bibliography). Entries in the bibliography may contain crossreferences to other authors. These cross-references can refer to works listed throughout the bibliography, not necessarily within the same chapter as the initial entry. To find entries by a particular author, the reader should consult the author index at the back of the book. Note that references in both the author and subject indexes are to entry number, not page number. Despite every effort to make this bibliography definitive, it would obviously be impossible to identify everything ever published relating to Cape Breton, even within Cape Bretoniana’s defined parameters, so the indulgence of readers of this bibliography, when they discover omissions, is respectfully requested. At the same time, while the goal has been to examine every item in this bibliography in order to ensure the accuracy of the annotations, this has not always been possible. Items that have not been examined but are thought to be worthy of inclusion are listed with what information is available and the notation ‘Not found.’ Clearly, the legitimacy of these items is open to question, at least in some cases, but it was thought that a partial and qualified reference is better than none. I wish to express my appreciation to my colleagues in the Department of History and Fine Arts at the University College of Cape Breton, who have supported my involvement in this project, and to UCCB’s Research and Projects Committee, which provided essential financial assistance. A sabbatical leave in the winter of 2001–2 provided badly needed relief from teaching and administrative obligations, enabling me to focus on completing the task. Much appreciation must be expressed to the staff of UCCB’s library and Beaton Institute for their unfailing helpfulness and assistance with interlibrary loans, and to the staff of the James McConnell Public Library in Sydney. Thanks also to Diane Chisholm, coordinator of the Mi’kmaq Resource Centre at UCCB. The staff at Fortress Louisbourg National Historic Site generously allowed me to scour their impressive library for material, and librarian Judith Romard was exceptionally gracious and helpful. A very special thanks is due to Alexa Thompson, editor of Celtic Heritage, formerly The Clansman, for generously lending me back issues of

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her fascinating magazine, at considerable inconvenience to herself. Thanks too to whoever invented and pays for the Novanet system, which enables scholars in places like Sydney to gain access to library catalogues throughout Nova Scotia. I want to acknowledge also the efficiency and helpfulness of the library staffs of Dalhousie University, Saint Mary’s University, St Francis Xavier University, the Nova Scotia Agricultural College, the Metropolitan Toronto Public Reference Library, and the National Library of Canada. I am grateful to Ritchie Spears for telling me about Yarns worth the telling (Halifax: Senior Writers’ Guild of Nova Scotia, 1995) and Jennie Richards for lending me her copy, and to Dr John McMullan, School of Commerce, Saint Mary’s University, and Ken Donovan of Fortress Louisbourg National Historic Site for helping me with difficult references. Thanks to Margaret Young, a keen reader, who brought an important item to my attention just in time. Very special thanks must be extended to Jeff Barrett, my research assistant, who was efficient, supportive, and always enthusiastic, and to Dr Joanne Gallivan, Dean of Research and Institutes at the University College of Cape Breton, for finding the resources necessary to make this publication possible. Thanks too to the University of Toronto Press’s Len Husband for having the courage to take on this project, to Frances Mundy, who guided it through the publication process, and especially to James Leahy, who had the unenviable task of editing the copy and saved me from far too many errors. Finally, I wish to thank my wife, Sandra Atwell Tennyson, who contributed much to this bibliography, not only tolerating and even encouraging another of my arcane obsessions but also serving as a significant research assistant, contributing many unpaid and therefore even more appreciated hours in a variety of libraries. It is hoped that Cape Bretoniana will prove useful not only to scholars but to all those seeking information on various aspects of Cape Breton’s history, culture, politics, and economy. Readers are invited to direct the inevitable errors and omissions which they will surely discover to the Beaton Institute at the University College of Cape Breton. Brian Douglas Tennyson ‘Rose Cottage’ Marion Bridge, Cape Breton 30 July 2003

CAPE BRETONIANA

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CHAPTER 1

General

Oh, lovely land! Oh, lovely land! Thy sons and daughters roam, But deep within each loyal heart There lies the love of home. Lillian Crewe Walsh*

1.

ALGAR, Dave. Dave Algar talks about beaver. Cape Breton’s Magazine, 15 (December 1976), 13–15, 22. Illus. Fns. Personal observations & interpretation of beaver habits in Cape Breton Highlands National Park.

2.

ANONYMOUS. A guide to Issues 1 to 50 of Cape Breton’s Magazine. Cape Breton’s Magazine, 40 (January 1989), 53–62. Illus. Index to first fifty issues.

3.

– Edible wildberries of Cape Breton. Cape Breton’s Magazine, 8 (June 1974), inside front cover. Illus. Describes various wild berries & gives recipes for making jelly & jam.

4.

– Planning a vegetable garden. Cape Breton’s Magazine, 3 (March 1973), 7–9. Illus. Several local gardeners give advice on Cape Breton conditions.

* Lillian Crewe Walsh, ‘The queen of a thousand isles.’ Calling Cape Breton (NP: privately published, nd), 21.

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5.

– The life of the great blue heron. Cape Breton’s Magazine, 17 (August 1977), inside front cover, 40–2. Illus. Fn. Describes life cycle, behaviour, habitat, & characteristics of bird commonly found in Cape Breton.

6.

– The people’s history of Cape Breton. Halifax: Opportunities For Youth, 1971, 47pp. Illus. Short social history written by Opportunities For Youth group.

7.

ARSENEAU, DF. Science and technology in old Sydney. Robert J Morgan (ed), More essays in Cape Breton history (Windsor: Lancelot, 1977), 12–20. Briefly traces scientific & technological developments in Cape Breton.

8.

BACKHOUSE, Thomas. A new pilot for the south east coast of Nova Scotia, Chedabucto Bay, Gut of Canso, Bay of Fundy, and round the isle of Cape Breton, with the principle [sic] harbours. London: R Laurie & J Whittle, 1798. Maps. Not found.

9.

BAIRD, David McCurdy. Cape Breton Highlands National Park; where the mountains meet the sea. Ottawa: Geological Survey of Canada, 1962, 65pp. Illus. Biblio. Index. Geological guide for visitors.

10.

BARRON, David N. Atlantic diver guide. Vol II: Nova Scotia. St John’s: Atlantic Diver, 1988, 224pp. Illus. Maps. Describes sites of interest to divers. Includes list of shipwrecks. Two chapters on Cape Breton.

11.

BAYLEY, Ivan A. The birds of Bird Islands, Nova Scotia. Canadian Field-Naturalist, 39 (November 1925), 183–7. Describes birds that nest there.

12.

BEAMISH, Peter & DW SERGEANT. The whales in Cape Breton’s waters. Cape Breton’s Magazine, 16 (June 1977), 18–23. Illus. Fn. Describes whales & their habits off Cape Breton coast.

13.

BEARDMORE, Roger M. Atlantic Canada’s national heritage areas. Ottawa: Parks Canada, 1985, 94pp. Illus. Maps. Tables. Describes national parks & heritage sites, including Cape Breton Highlands National Park.

General 5

14.

BERGERON, Paul-A. Mon histoire: historique des Acadiens du CapBreton. NP: privately published, 1960, 49pp. Not found.

15.

BILLARD, Allan. Waterfalls of Nova Scotia. Halifax: Sand Dollar Press, 1997, 134pp. Illus. Biblio. Describes Nova Scotia’s most attractive waterfalls & how to find them. Many in Cape Breton.

16.

BIRD, Will R & DC HARVEY. Historic Nova Scotia. Halifax: Government of Nova Scotia, nd [1935], 116pp. Illus. History & description. Much on Cape Breton.

17.

BROWN, Jr, Richard. A history of the island of Cape Breton. London: Sampson, Low, Son, & Marston, 1869, 464pp. Illus. Maps. Fns. History of Cape Breton to 1861.

18.

CAMERON, Austin W. Bird finding in Cape Breton Highlands National Park. Canadian Audubon, 25:3 (May/June 1963), 71–6. Illus. Identifies species of greatest interest to visiting naturalists & indicates where they are most likely to be seen.

19.

– Breeding behaviour of the grey seal. Cape Breton’s Magazine, 1 (November 1972), 2, 15–19, 24. Illus. Describes colony of grey seals on Basque Islands, near Point Michaud, Cape Breton.

20.

CAMOZZIE, Anne. See TOWERS, Julie.

21.

CAMPBELL, Brian. Early Cape Breton: surviving uncertainty. Sydney: privately published, nd, 14pp. Illus. Reprinted from Owen Fitzgerald, Cape Breton: a changing scene: a collection of Cape Breton photographs, 1860–1935 (Sydney: UCCB Press, 1986), vii–xiii. Despite title, a brief general history.

22.

CAMPBELL, Douglas F & Ray A MACLEAN. Beyond the Atlantic roar: a study of the Nova Scotia Scots. Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1974, 328pp. Illus. Maps. Biblio. Index. History of Scottish settlement in eastern Nova Scotia, examining influence of Scots on country & its impact on them. Much on Cape Breton.

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23.

CAMPBELL, Frank. Sail Cape Breton. Atlantic Advocate, 65:10 (June 1975), 2–4. Illus. Describes sailing attractions of Bras d’Or Lakes.

24.

CANADA. Parks Canada. National parks & heritage sites: Cape Breton Island. Ottawa, 1995, 24pp. Illus. Maps. Guide to national parks & heritage sites in Cape Breton.

25.

CANN, DB, JI MACDOUGALL & JD HILCHEY. Soil survey of Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia. 2nd ed. Truro: Canada. Department of Agriculture & Nova Scotia Department of Agriculture & Marketing, 1963, 85pp. Illus. Maps. Tables. Soil Survey Report 12. Evaluates Cape Breton’s suitability for agriculture.

26.

CAPE BRETON COUNTY RECREATION COMMISSION. Track down: trails in Cape Breton County. Sydney, nd, 22pp. Maps. Guide to hiking trails.

27.

COMEAU, Paul Linus. A study of five raised bogs on the Cape Breton plateau. Unpublished MSc thesis, Acadia University, 1971, 164pp. Illus. Refs. Apps. Presents qualitative & quantitative data on vegetation & environment, to describe plant associations & ecological relationships.

28.

– & John S ERSKINE. The life of a raised bog. Cape Breton’s Magazine, 12 (December 1975), 9–13. Illus. Extracts from Paul Linus Comeau, A study of five raised bogs on the Cape Breton plateau (Unpublished MSc thesis, Acadia University, 1971), & John Erskine, In forest and field with John Erskine (Halifax: Nova Scotia Museum, 1971).

29.

DALY, John. Of trees & flowers. Cape Breton Mirror, 2:9 (August 1953), 2, 19. Describes local varieties.

30.

DANN, Robert. Wildflowers of Cape Breton. Cape Breton’s Magazine, 1 (November 1972), inside cover, 23. Illus. Describes early everlasting & highbush cranberries found in Cape Breton, with notes on drying them.

31.

DIMOCK, Celia. Isle Royale ‘the front door of Canada.’ Halifax: Allen, nd, np. Illus. Portrait of Cape Breton through stories, reminiscences, & historical accounts.

General 7

32.

DONOVAN, Kenneth (ed). Cape Breton at 200: historical essays in honor of the island’s bicentennial, 1785–1985. Sydney: UCCB Press, 1985, 261pp. Illus. Fns. Biblio. Index. Collection of essays on various aspects of Cape Breton history. See separate entries under Kenneth Donovan, David Frank, AJB Johnston, Rosemarie Langhout, AA MacKenzie, Terry MacLean, Mary K MacLeod, Hugh Millward, Peter Moogk, & Robert Morgan.

33.

– (ed). The island: new perspectives on Cape Breton’s history 1713–1990. Aspects of Cape Breton history. Fredericton: Acadiensis Press/ Sydney: UCCB Press, 1990, 328pp. Illus. Fns. Biblio. Index. Collection of essays on various aspects of Cape Breton history. See separate entries under Joan Bishop, Rusty Bittermann, Ron Crawley, Kenneth Donovan, David Frank, Stephen Hornsby, AJB Johnston, Christopher Moore, Michael Owen, & Alex Storm.

34.

ELLISON, Wally. The glorious forest. Am Braighe, 3:3 (Winter 1995–6), 11. Illus. Describes Cape Breton forests.

35.

EMMERSON, Frank. Peoples of the Maritimes: the Scots. Tantallon: Four East Publications, 1987, 70pp. Illus. Biblio. Brief history of Scottish impact on Maritimes, including profiles of prominent figures. Much on Cape Breton.

36.

ERSKINE, John S. Flowers of the plaster rock. Cape Breton’s Magazine, 36 (June 1984), 45–8. Illus. First published in Journal of Education, 5th series, 7:2 (June 1958), 20–8. Illus. Reprinted as ‘Plaster rock’ in JS Erskine, In forest and field with John Erskine (Halifax: Nova Scotia Museum, 1976), 45–52. Illus. Notes. Describes flowers that grow on surface of gypsum rock in Nova Scotia, including areas of Cape Breton.

37.

– John Erskine: under the forest. Cape Breton’s Magazine, 33 (June 1983), 49–52. Illus. First published as ‘Under the forest’ in Journal of Education, 5th series, 9:1 (November 1959), 15–21. Illus. Reprinted in John Erskine, In forest and field with John Erskine (Halifax: Nova Scotia Museum, 1976), 3–9. Illus. Describes forest plants.

38.

– Populations, movements and seasonal distribution of mergansers in northern Cape Breton Island. Ottawa: Information Canada, 1972, 36pp. Illus. Maps. Report on duck population.

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39.

– See COMEAU, Paul Linus.

40.

FAIRCHILD, Graham Bell. Moths and butterflies of Cape Breton. Cape Breton’s Magazine, 19 (June 1978), 21–7. Illus. Describes varieties found in Cape Breton.

41.

FERGUSSON, Charles Bruce. The boundaries of Nova Scotia and its counties. Halifax: Public Archives of Nova Scotia, 1966, 57pp. Fns. Bulletin 22. History of provincial & county boundaries. Includes history of Cape Breton’s four counties.

42.

FRASER, Barrie. The Middle River mastodon. Atlantic Advocate, 79:7 (March 1989), 25–7. Illus. Reports on mastodon bones found in Middle River area.

43.

GARDNER, Jo Ann. A little taste of Living with herbs. Cape Breton’s Magazine, 72 (June 1997), 51–2. Illus. Extract from Jo Ann Gardner, Living with herbs: a treasury of useful plants for the home & garden (Halifax: Nimbus, 1997). Describes sweet white clover & its uses.

44.

– History in a herb garden. Atlantic Insight, 7:10 (October 1985), 29–30. Illus. Describes historic herbs in Cape Breton & their origins.

45.

– Living with herbs: a treasury of useful plants for the home and garden. Halifax: Nimbus, 1997, 288pp. Illus. App. Biblio. Index. Guide to growing & using herbs based on her experience in Cape Breton.

46.

– The heirloom garden. Pownal [VT]: Garden Way Publishing/Storey Communications, 1992, 240pp. Illus. Refs. Biblio. Index. Guide to traditional plants, wild & cultivated, based on her experience in Cape Breton.

47.

GESNER, Claribel. Cape Breton anthology. Windsor: Lancelot, 1972, 44pp. Illus. Unconnected short historical essays.

48.

– Cape Breton vignettes. Windsor: Lancelot, 1974, 60pp. Short stories describing life in Cape Breton.

General 9

49.

GORDON, Warren. A place apart: the Cape Breton story. Text by James Lamb. Hantsport: Lancelot Press, 1988, 50pp. Illus. Brief history with photographs.

50.

GRANT, WML. Cape Breton past & present. Canadian Magazine, 17:5 (September 1901), 434–42. Illus. Biblio. Brief history to 1899.

51.

GREY, Jr, James T. Handbook for the Margaree: a guide to the salmon pools of the Margaree River system. Yardley [PA]: privately published, 1984, 258pp. Illus. 3rd ed 1987. Fishing guide.

52.

– Salmon rivers of Cape Breton Island. Yardley [PA]: privately published, 1984, 129pp. Illus. Maps. Guide to island’s lesser salmon rivers.

53.

HAMILTON, William B. The Nova Scotia traveller. Toronto: Macmillan, 1981, 248pp. Illus. Maps. Index. Travel guide with four chapters on Cape Breton.

54.

[HARLEY, David]. How much do you know about Cape Breton? Vol 1. Sydney: Cape Breton Development Corporation, 1988, np [12pp]. Illus. Brief, humorously presented facts about Cape Breton.

55.

HARRINGTON, Kevin. Flags over Cape Breton Island. Flagscan, 11:4 (Christmas 1996), 13–21. Illus. Fns. History of flags flown over Cape Breton.

56.

HARVEY, DC. See BIRD, Will R.

57.

HILCHEY, JD. See CANN, DB.

58.

INDUSTRIAL CAPE BRETON BOARD OF TRADE & GIRL GUIDES OF THE INDUSTRIAL AREA. Cape Breton by the sea: being a collection of some of our favourite people, places and things. Sydney, nd [1977], 60pp. Illus. Collection of articles & poems providing portrait of Cape Breton, published for 1977 International Girl Guide Camp. See separate entries under Eleanor Huntington & Frank Robertson.

59.

KAVANAGH, Raymond M & Martin SCHWARTZ. Cape Breton: a select view. New Waterford: Breton Education Centre, 1988, 66pp. Illus. Also published as L’île du Cap-Breton – faits saillants.

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General outline of Cape Breton history for high school students written in cooperation with Fortress of Louisbourg National Historic Site. 60.

KESHEN, Mary. Walk Cape Breton. Sydney: Enterprise Cape Breton, 1975, 50pp. Maps. Hiking guide.

61.

KRONSTEDT, Don. See READ, John.

62.

LAMB, James B. See GORDON, Warren.

63.

LAWLEY, David. A nature and hiking guide to Cape Breton’s Cabot Trail. Halifax: Nimbus, 1994, 195pp. Illus. Maps. Biblio. Index. Guide to plants, animals, scenery, & hiking trails.

64.

– The snowy owl. Partici-Paper, 18:1 (January/February 1997), 25. Illus. Describes habits of snowy owls, often seen on Cheticamp Island.

65.

LONGSTAFF, Alan N. Pools of Margaree. Maritime Advocate, 35:4 (November 1944), 9–10. Illus. Describes fishing.

66.

LOTZ, Jim & Pat. Cape Breton Island. Vancouver: Douglas, David & Charles, 1974, 208pp. Illus. Maps. Tables. Biblio. Index. General description of island & its people.

67.

MACDONALD, Angus L. This blending of races. Angus L Macdonald, Speeches of Angus L Macdonald (Toronto: Longmans Green, 1960), 35–44. Text of 1937 speech outlining Cape Breton history

68.

MACDONALD, DD. Cape Breton and vicinity. Port Hastings: privately published, 1933, 160pp. Illus. App. History.

69.

MACDONALD, Hugh Martin. The royal isle. Antigonish: Casket, 1970, 97pp. Illus. Anecdotal essays on aspects of Cape Breton history.

70.

MACDONALD, JP et al. Cape Breton Island: a few words and pictures. Sydney: Cape Breton Publications, nd [1976?], 93pp. Illus. History & visitor’s guide.

General 11

71.

MACDONALD, Ken C. Post cards of Cape Breton Island. 2nd ed. Halifax: privately published, 1990, 71pp. Lists all known postcards from 1904.

72.

MACDOUGALL, JI. See CANN, DB.

73.

MACDOUGALL, John A. Cape Breton County election returns. Glace Bay: privately published, 1908, 39pp. Federal & provincial election statistics, including poll results.

74.

MACGILLIVRAY, Don & Brian TENNYSON (eds). Cape Breton historical essays. Sydney: College of Cape Breton Press, 1980, 156pp. Fns. Biblio. Collection of mostly previously published historical essays. See separate entries under Andrew Hill Clark, David Frank, DC Harvey, J MacKay Hitsman & CCJ Bond, Don MacGillivray, MC MacLean, JS Martell, Robert J Morgan, Delphin Muise, & Brian Tennyson.

75.

MACKEEN, Roy D. Canoe Cape Breton. Sydney: Cape Breton Development Corporation, nd, 26pp. Maps. Describes good canoeing rivers.

76.

– Cruise Cape Breton. Sydney: Cape Breton Development Corporation, 1974, 210pp. Illus. Maps. Sailing guide.

77.

MACKENZIE, Michael B. It happened yesterday. Corner Brook: privately published, 1958, 92pp. Illus. Short, unconnected stories about Maritime life, some from Cape Breton.

78.

– Memories recalled: true stories, old and new from the Atlantic provinces. Sydney: privately published, 1992, 202pp. Illus. Collection of anecdotal historical essays, many about Cape Breton.

79.

– Remember the time ... true stories old and new. Grand Falls: privately published, 1981, 192pp. Illus. Collection of short articles recalling miscellaneous events in Atlantic regional history, many from Cape Breton.

80.

– Waves of recollections: true stories, old and new from the Atlantic provinces. Grand Falls: privately published, 1987, 192pp. Illus. Collection of anecdotal historical essays, many about Cape Breton.

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81.

MACKINNON, Alex Dan et al. Stories about buried treasure. Cape Breton’s Magazine, 17 (August 1977), 9–16. Illus. Six Cape Bretoners retell local stories of buried treasures.

82.

MACLEAN, Dewart. The forgotten island. Maclean’s, 46:2 (15 January 1933), 23, 26. Illus. Describes charms of Cape Breton & complains that Canadians frequently refer to Halifax as the farthest point east.

83.

MACLEAN, RA. A state of mind: the Scots in Nova Scotia (Hantsport: Lancelot, 1992), 99pp. Illus. Map. Notes. See separate entries.

84.

– See CAMPBELL, Douglas.

85.

MACLEOD, Mary K & James O ST CLAIR. No place like home: the life and times of Cape Breton heritage houses. Sydney: UCCB Press, 1992, 174pp. Illus. Fns. Brief descriptions & histories of heritage houses in Cape Breton.

86.

– Pride of place: the life and times of Cape Breton heritage houses. Sydney: UCCB Press, 1994, 175pp. Illus. Fns. Brief descriptions & histories of heritage houses.

87.

MCDONALD, RH. Transportation in northern Cape Breton. Ottawa: Parks Canada, 1979, 295pp. Illus. Maps. Fns. Apps. Biblio. Manuscript Report 363. History of transportation in northern Cape Breton & development of roads since about 1700.

88.

MCLENNAN, JS. See MURRAY, Rev Robert.

89.

MCLEOD, Robert Randall. Markland or Nova Scotia. Its history, natural resources and native beauties. Toronto: Markland, 1903, 603pp. Illus. Maps. App. Index. General reference work on Nova Scotia with emphasis on natural resources. Four chapters on Cape Breton.

90.

MCNEIL, Bill. Bill McNeil presents voice of the pioneer. Toronto: Doubleday, 1988, 255pp. Recollections of Canadians, including some Cape Bretoners. See separate entries under Malcolm MacLellan, Hugh MacLennan, Bill McNeil, & Joe Neil MacNeil.

91.

– Voice of the pioneer. Toronto: Macmillan, 1978, 258pp. Recollections of Canadians, including some Cape Bretoners. See separate entries under Dan J McDonald & Archie McIntyre.

General 13

92.

METROPOLITAN ALLIANCE FOR DEVELOPMENT. Studies in the history of Cape Breton Island. Sydney, 1972, 182pp. Fns. Biblio. Collection of essays on aspects of Cape Breton history, intended to promote development of sites for tourism.

93.

MICHAUD, Marguerite. Les Acadiens des provinces maritimes: guide historique et touristique. Fredericton: privately published, 1968, 165pp. Illus. Maps. Index. Traveller’s guide to Acadian communities in Maritime provinces. One chapter on Cape Breton.

94.

MORGAN, Robert J (ed). More essays in Cape Breton history. Windsor: Lancelot, 1977, 75pp. Illus. Fns. Essays on aspects of Cape Breton history. See separate entries under DF Arseneau, John A MacAulay, Franklynn MacLean, Terrence D MacLean, Leo McIntyre, & RB Mitchell.

95.

– Past and present sources and uses of oral history. Elizabeth Beaton Planetta (ed), Proceedings of Atlantic Oral History Association conference Glace Bay 1981 (Sydney: UCCB Press, 1984), 1–8. Discusses methodology & value of oral history, using many examples from Cape Breton history.

96.

MORSE, William Inglis. Acadiensis nova: new and unpublished documents and other data relating to Acadia. London: Bernard Quaritch, 1935, 2 vols: 222pp, 170pp. Illus. Maps. Fns. Biblio. Index. Documents on Nova Scotia history. Much on Cape Breton.

97.

MUNDEN, Carl. Post offices of Cape Breton. Vol 1: Inverness County. Halifax: privately published, 1987, 170pp. Vol 2: Cape Breton County. Halifax: privately published, 1988, 150pp. Vol 3: Victoria County. Halifax: privately published, 1989, 92pp. Vol 4: Richmond County. Halifax: privately published, 1986, 67pp. History of post offices, with reproductions of stamps.

98.

MURRANT, Catherine L. Birding Cape Breton’s historic east. Port Morien: Cape Perce Nature Tours Limited, 1995, 37pp. Illus. Maps. Describes birds seen in eastern Cape Breton.

99.

MURRAY, Rev Robert & JS MCLENNAN. Cape Breton. GM Grant (ed), Picturesque Canada (Toronto: Art Publishing, 1882), 2:841– 52. Illus. Brief history & description.

14

Cape Bretoniana

100.

NEWTON, Pam. The Cape Breton book of days: a daily journal of the life and times of an island. Drawings by Ellison Robertson. Sydney: UCCB Press, 1984, np. Illus. Daily journal of historical events from eighteenth century to present.

101.

NOVA SCOTIA. Department of Natural Resources. The Margaree– Lake Ainslie river system, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia. Halifax, 1998, np [4pp]. Illus. Map. Refs. Describes geography, wildlife, geology, fishing etc of Margaree River system.

102.

O’NEIL, Pat. A traveller’s guide to Cape Breton. Sydney: Solus, 1996, 306pp. Illus. Maps. Index. Visitor’s guide to places & activities, including accommodations.

103.

– Explore Cape Breton: a field guide to adventure. Halifax: Nimbus, 1994, 170pp. Illus. Maps. Index. Visitor’s guide to familiar trails & hidden get-aways, with advice on activities, conditions, & terrain.

104.

O’SULLIVAN, Greg et al. Cape Breton Island: ‘a few words and pictures ...’ NP: privately published, nd, 93pp. Illus. Brief history, description of places to visit, plus Cape Breton poetry.

105.

PICHETTE, Robert. Pour l’honneur de mon prince ... Moncton: Michel Henry, 1989, 188pp. Illus. Biblio. Texts of radio talks on historical subjects, many about Cape Breton.

106.

QUINPOOL, John. First things in Acadia. Halifax: First Things, 1936, 304pp. Illus. Brief accounts of significant ‘firsts’ in Maritime history, including several from Cape Breton.

107.

RAESIDE, Robert. A geology walk up the Clyburn Valley. Cape Breton’s Magazine, 67 (August 1994), 31–48. Illus. Maps. Note. Describes geological history of Clyburn Valley.

108.

– CB’s geology: a talk on the rocks. Cape Breton’s Magazine, 62 (January 1993), 27–36. Illus. Maps. Note. Describes Cape Breton’s geological history, from 300 million years ago.

General 15

109.

READ, John & Don KRONSTEDT. Climb Cape Breton: a guide to selected rock climbs in Cape Breton. Sydney: Cape Breton Development Corporation, nd, 70pp. Illus. Guide to rock-climbing locations.

110.

SABINA, Ann P. Rocks and minerals for the collector: northeastern Nova Scotia, Cape Breton, and Prince Edward Island. Ottawa: Department of Energy, Mines & Resources, 1994, 84pp. Illus. Maps. Biblio. Index. Geological Survey of Canada Miscellaneous Report 51. Describes rocks & minerals found in Nova Scotia, with detailed instructions on locations. Much on Cape Breton.

111.

ST CLAIR, James O. See MACLEOD, Mary K.

112.

SAUNDERS, SA. Studies in the economy of the Maritime provinces. Toronto: Macmillan, 1939, 266pp. Fns. Refs. Essays on aspects of economic history of Maritime region. See separate entries.

113.

SCHWARTZ, Martin. See KAVANAGH, Raymond M.

114.

SERGEANT, DW. See BEAMISH, Peter.

115.

SHERWOOD, Roland H. Story parade. Sackville: Tribune, nd, 245pp. Illus. Stories about Maritime life & history, some from Cape Breton. See separate entries.

116.

SUNDERLAND, Terry. Still standing: Cape Breton buildings from days gone by. Sydney: College of Cape Breton Press, 1980, np. Illus. Sketches of old buildings with brief notes.

117.

TENNYSON, Brian Douglas (ed). Essays in Cape Breton history. Windsor: Lancelot, 1973, 68pp. Fns. Historical essays originally given as talks to Old Sydney Society. See separate entries under Rosemary Hutchison, Don MacGillivray, Robert Morgan, & Brian Tennyson.

118.

– (ed). Impressions of Cape Breton. Sydney: UCCB Press, 1986, 291pp. Illus. Fns. Biblio. Index. Collection of descriptions by visitors from seventeenth to twentieth century. See separate entries under Lady Aberdeen, Anonymous, SGW Benjamin, Frank Bolles, William Booth, John Bourinot, Nicholas Dennys, Nicolas Denys, AW DesBarres, Dorothy Duncan, William Dyott, Frederick

16

Cape Bretoniana

Edwards, CH Farnham, TC Haliburton, Samuel Holland, John Inglis, Phosa Kinley, John Knight, Morris Longstreth, John MacGregor, Julien Perrault, Thomas Pichon, Joseph-Octave Plessis, Walter Prenties, BWA Sleigh, Harry Smith, RJ Uniacke, & Charles Dudley Warner. 119.

– See MACGILLIVRAY, Don.

120.

TOWERS, Julie & Anne CAMOZZI. Discover Nova Scotia wildlife viewing sites. Halifax: Nimbus/Nova Scotia Department of Economic Development, 1998, 81pp. Illus. Index. Describes best places to view wildlife, with one chapter on Cape Breton.

121.

TUCK, Hugh. Cape Breton: history and tradition. Acadiensis, 11:2 (Spring 1982), 109–17. Fns. Reviews recent publications on Cape Breton history.

122.

UNITED STATES NAVY DEPARTMENT. Hydrographic Office. Nova Scotia pilot: Bay of Fundy, southeast coast of Nova Scotia and coast of Cape Breton Island. Washington, 1920, 494pp. 6th ed. Map. Index. Marine pilot’s guide to coastal waters, including Cape Breton.

123.

WALWORTH, Arthur Clarence. Cape Breton: isle of romance. Toronto: Longmans Green, 1948, 172pp. Illus. Biblio. Index. Popular history of Cape Breton.

124.

WATTS, Jane. Mammals of Cape Breton Highlands National Park. Cheticamp: Les Amis du Plein Air, 1985, 31pp. Illus. Describes animals found in park.

125.

WILLIAMS, Fred. Up country Cape Breton. An index to events in rural Cape Breton as reported by the Sydney Record: 1900–1930. Ingonish: Stormdrum Press, 1995, 130pp. Index. Finding aid with approximately 4,000 references to rural areas. Includes obituaries useful to genealogists.

126.

WILLIAMS, Mary. Angelica of Louisbourg. Occasional, 9:3 (1985), 20–7. Illus. Describes plant commonly found at Louisbourg, its history & uses.

127.

WOODILL, RB. Kjalarnes. NSTU Bulletin, 10:2 (December 1933), 13–16. Illus. Somewhat rambling history of Cape Breton.

General 17

128.

WOODING, Eileen. Minerals of Cape Breton. Gairm, 2 (June 1957), np. Map. Describes minerals found in Cape Breton.

129.

ZINCK, John R. Shipwrecks of Nova Scotia. Vol 1. Windsor: Lancelot, 1975, 226pp. Illus. Map. Lists shipwrecks to 1875 & briefly describes several of them. Many off Cape Breton.

CHAPTER 2

Mi’kmaq

Aye! no monuments, No literature, No scrolls or canvas-drawn pictures Relate the wonders of our yesterday. How frustrated the searchings of the educators. Rita Joe*

130.

ADNEY, Edwin Tappen & Howard I Chapelle. The Micmac birch bark canoe. Cape Breton’s Magazine, 10 (April 1975), back cover, 6–12. Illus. Extract from ‘Bark canoes and skin boats of North America,’ Smithsonian Museum Bulletin, 230 (1964), 1–242. Describes its design & construction.

131.

ANONYMOUS. Beavers. Folk-Lore, 2:2 (June 1891), 248. Extract from Pierre Maillard, An account of the customs and manners of the Micmakis and Maricheets savage nations, now dependent on the government of Cape-Breton. From an original French manuscript-letter, never published, written by a French abbot, who resided many years, in quality of missionary, amongst them. To which are annexed, several pieces, relative to the savages, to Nova-Scotia, and to North-America in general (London: S Hooper & A Morley, 1758), 37–8. Describing how Mi’kmaq spiritual leaders used river water in which beavers had built their huts to answer questions.

* Rita Joe, untitled poem. Poems of Rita Joe (Halifax: Abanaki, 1978), 9.

Mi’kmaq 19

132.

– Gabriel Sylliboy becomes grand chief, 1918. Cape Breton’s Magazine, 71 (December 1996), 63–7. Illus. Notes. Reprinted from Sentanewey/Micmac Messenger (September 1918). Mi’kmaq & English. Eyewitness account of Whycocomagh man’s election.

133.

– Lee Harvey Cremo: Eskasoni, Cape Breton. Musicworks, 24 (Summer 1983). Not found.

134.

– The celestial bear, a Micmac legend. Cape Breton’s Magazine, 3 (March 1973), 10–11, 18. First published by Stansbury Hagar as ‘The celestial bear,’ Journal of American Folk-Lore (1900), 92–103. Reprinted in Marion Robertson, Red earth: tales of the Micmacs, with an introduction to the customs and beliefs of the Micmac Indians (Halifax: Nova Scotia Museum, 1969). Includes ‘Song of the stars,’ poem reprinted from Charles G Leland, The Algonquin legends of New England (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1884. Reprinted Detroit: Singing Tree Press, 1968), 379. Retells legend of ‘Mooin and the seven hunters.’

135.

– The first gaidheals in Iona and the Indians. Highland Heritage, nd [1977], 34–5. Describes early contacts between Mi’kmaq & Scottish settlers at Iona.

136.

– The Micmac legend of Taken-from-Guts. Cape Breton’s Magazine, 11 (June 1975), 19–21. Traditional Mi’kmaq legend.

137.

– The story of Lee Cremo. Ireland’s Own, 25 (July 1986), 4. Not found.

138.

ASHMEAD, Albert S. Introduction of leprosy into Nova Scotia and the province of New Brunswick Micmacs immune. Journal of the American Medical Association, 26 (1 February 1896), 202–8. Illus. Discusses origin of leprosy found in Cape Breton from 1850s to end of century, dismissing idea that it originated among Mi’kmaq people.

139.

BALCOM, BA. See SCHMIDT, David L.

140.

BARTELS, Dennis A & Olaf Uwe JANZEN. Micmac migration to western Newfoundland. Canadian Journal of Native Studies, 10:1 (1990), 71–96. Maps. Fns. Biblio. Argues that Mi’kmaq from Cape Breton had long history of seasonal contact with Newfoundland & began permanent settlement there in 1760s.

20

Cape Bretoniana

141.

BARTLETT, Richard H. Indian reserves in the Atlantic provinces of Canada. Saskatoon: University of Saskatchewan Native Law Centre, 1986, 92pp. Fns. Apps. Description & history of reserves, including those in Cape Breton.

142.

BASQUE, Maximus Simon. A visit with Max Basque, Whycocomagh. Cape Breton’s Magazine, 51 (June 1989), 15–29. Illus. Notes. Recollections of Mi’kmaq man from 1909, interviewed by Ruth Whitehead.

143.

– Max Basque talks about Micmac tales. Ron Caplan (ed), Another night: Cape Breton stories true & short & tall (Wreck Cove: Breton Books, 1995), 134–40. Extract from Max Basque, ‘A visit with Max Basque, Whycocomagh.’ Cape Breton’s Magazine, 51 (June 1989), 15–29. Mi’kmaq folktales.

144.

– Max Basque, Whycocomagh – Part 2. Cape Breton’s Magazine, 52 (August 1989), 53–65. Illus. Notes. Recollections of Mi’kmaq man from 1909, interviewed by Ruth Whitehead.

145.

BATTISTE, Annie. Annie Battiste: a Mi’kmaq family history. Cape Breton’s Magazine, 64 (August 1993), 23–42. Illus. Reprinted as ‘Annie and John Battiste: a Mi’kmaq family history’ in Ron Caplan (ed), Cape Breton works: more lives from Cape Breton’s Magazine (Wreck Cove: Breton Books, 1996), 163–84. Illus. Recollections.

146.

BATTISTE, Marie Ann. An historical investigation of the social and cultural consequences of Micmac literacy. Unpublished EdD thesis, Stanford University, 1983, 212pp. Illus. Fns. Biblio. Examines impact of transformation from aboriginal ideographic literacy system to western literacy system. Includes treatment of contributions of missionaries & examination of government policies.

147.

– Different worlds of work: the Mi’kmaq experience. Dorothy E Moore & James H Morrison (eds), Work, ethnicity and oral history (Halifax: Saint Mary’s University, International Education Centre, 1988), 63–70. Fns. Examines economic problems of Mi’kmaq in relation to settler economy.

Mi’kmaq 21

148.

– Mi’kmaq linguistic integrity: a case study of Mi’kmawey School. Jean Barman, Yvonne Hébert, & Don McCaskill (eds), Indian education in Canada (Vancouver: UBC Press, 1987), 2:107–25. Fns. Nakoda Institute Occasional Paper No 3. Describes first bilingual bicultural educational program for Mi’kmaq children in Nova Scotia, established at Chapel Island Reserve.

149.

– & Jim WATSON. A conversation on Cape Breton minority cultures – fighting to stay alive. New Maritimes, 7:6 (July/August 1989), 16–19. Illus. Mi’kmaq & Gaelic speakers discuss efforts to preserve their culture & language in Cape Breton.

150.

BERNARD, Angel B. Indian place names of Cape Breton Island. Tawow, 1:1 (Spring 1970), 16–17. Lists & explains some Mi’kmaq place names.

151.

BOUDREAU, Ephrem. L’abbé Maillard, apôtre des Micmacs. Société historique acadienne cahiers, 4:5 (April/June 1972), 177–99. Fns. Discusses Maillard’s missionary work among Mi’kmaq.

152.

BROWN, Douglas Arthur. Chapel Island First Nation taking control of its future. Cape Bretoner, 6:1 (January/February 1998), 30–1. Illus. Describes economic development taking place under leadership of Chief Lindsay Marshall.

153.

– From traditional Mi’kmaq government to now: changing those who did not need to be changed. Stephanie Inglis, Joy Mannette, & Stacey Sulewski (eds), Paqtatek. Vol 1: Policy and consciousness in Mi’kmaq life (Halifax: Garamond, 1991), 42–61. Illus. Notes. Apps. Biblio. Examines present political climate of Eskasoni Reserve in light of traditional Mi’kmaq egalitarianism & analyses development of political theory & practice by Mi’kmaq people.

154.

BRUCE, Harry. Upcoming: a dynamite book on the railroading of Marshall. Atlantic Insight, 8:8 (August 1986), 20. Discusses Donald Marshall Jr case & Michael Harris’s book about it, Justice denied: the law versus Donald Marshall (Toronto: Macmillan, 1986).

22

Cape Bretoniana

155.

CAMPBELL, Robert A. Bridging sacred canopies: Mi’kmaq spirituality and Catholicism. Canadian Journal of Native Studies, 18:2 (1998), 301–11. Refs. Examines how Peter Berger’s notion of sacred canopy may explain unique worldview of Mi’kmaq Catholicism.

156.

CHAPELLE, Howard I. See ADNEY, Edwin Tappen.

157.

CHOUDHURY, Masudul Alam & Hanapi Mohammad NOOR. A policy-theoretic analysis of sample survey of the Mi’kmaq people of Cape Breton in the light of the knowledge-based world view. International Journal of Social Economics, 24:12 (1997), 1439–69. Notes. Apps. Examines how knowledge-based development can combine with focus on ecological interests as basis for Mi’kmaq development.

158.

CHRISTMAS, Ben. Ben Christmas: chants and customs. Cape Breton’s Magazine, 25 (June 1980), 9–12. Illus. Note. Traditional Mi’kmaq chants with English translations & analysis by linguist Bernie Francis.

159.

CHUTE, Janet. Ceremony, social revitalization and change: Micmac leadership and the annual festival of St Ann. William Cowan (ed), Papers of the twenty-third Algonquian conference (Ottawa: Carleton University Press, 1992), 45–61. Fns. Refs. Examines importance of annual religious event to traditional Mi’kmaq social & political structures. Much on Cape Breton.

160.

CLARK, Scott. The Mi’kmaq and criminal justice in Nova Scotia. Halifax, 1989, 109pp. Biblio. Research study prepared for Royal Commission on Donald Marshall Jr Prosecution. Examines experience of Mi’kmaq in criminal justice system, focusing on Eskasoni, Membertou, & Shubenacadie reserves.

161.

CREMO, Lee. Lee Cremo. Anonymous, Sound of the drum: a resource guide (Brantford: Woodland Cultural Centre, 1990), 59–63. Illus. Recorded by Gordon E Smith. Describes his life & music.

162.

– Lee Cremo speaks. Cape Breton’s Magazine, 1 (November 1972), 3–4, 24. Illus. Reprinted as ‘Lee Cremo and Scottish fiddling’ in Ron Caplan (ed), Down north: the book of Cape Breton’s Magazine (Toronto: Doubleday, 1980), 36–9. Illus. Interview with Mi’kmaq fiddler about his life & music.

Mi’kmaq 23

163.

DAVID, Albert. Messire Pierre Maillard, apôtre des Micmacs. Bulletin des recherches historiques, 35:6 (June 1929), 365–75. Biography of French missionary active in Ile Royale.

164.

DELANEY, SA. Micmac maid. Cape Breton Mirror, 2:10 (September 1953), 6, 15, 17. Short story.

165.

DENNY, Alex. A talk with Grand Captain Alex Denny. Cape Breton’s Magazine, 40 (August 1985), 45–8. Illus. Discusses historical role of Mi’kmaq Grand Council.

166.

– Beyond the Marshall inquiry: an alternative to Mi’kmaq worldview and justice system. Joy Mannette (ed), Elusive justice: beyond the Marshall inquiry (Halifax: Fernwood, 1992), 103–8. Explains Mi’kmaq views on social harmony & justice & argues that Marshall case demonstrates incompatibility with non-native justice system. Includes recommendations for policy changes.

167.

– See MARSHALL Sr, Donald.

168.

DENNY, Sarah. See MARSHALL, Noel.

169.

DENYS, Nicolas. Concerning the ways of the Indians: their customs, dress, methods of hunting and fishing, and their amusements. Halifax: Nova Scotia Museum, 1972, 30pp. Reprinted 1979. Extract from Nicolas Denys, The description and natural history of the coasts of North America (Toronto: Champlain Society, 1908), 399–452. First published as Description géographique et historique des costes de l’Amérique septentrionale (Paris: Chez Louis Billaine/Claude Barbin, 1672), 355–480. Reprinted New York: Greenwood, 1968. Illus. Maps. Describes social traditions of Mi’kmaq people in seventeenth century.

170.

DICKASON, Olive Patricia. Amerindians between French and English in Nova Scotia, 1713–1763. American Indian Culture and Research Journal, 10:4 (1986), 31–56. Fns. Reprinted in JR Miller (ed), Sweet promises (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1991), 45–67. Examines impact of Anglo–French conflict in winning recognition of aboriginal rights.

24

Cape Bretoniana

171.

– La ‘guerre navale’ des Micmacs contre les Britanniques, 1713– 1763. Charles Martijn (ed), Les Micmacs et la mer (Montreal: Recherches amérindiennes au Québec, 1986), 233–48. Illus. Map. Fns. Describes Mi’kmaq maritime warfare against the British in Atlantic Canada, with much on Cape Breton.

172.

– Louisbourg and the Indians: a study in imperial race relations. Unpublished MA thesis, University of Ottawa, 1971. Fns. Biblio. Examines evolution, nature, & results of French relationship with natives, with reference to Louisbourg & Mi’kmaq. Not found.

173.

– Louisbourg & the Indians: a study in imperial race relations, 1713–1760. Parks Canada History and Archaeology (1976), 6:1–206. Illus. Maps. Fns. Biblio. Also published as ‘Louisbourg et les Indiens: une étude des relations raciales de la France 1713– 1760.’ Parcs Canada histoire et archéologie (1979), 6:1–232. Illus. Maps. Fns. Biblio. Examines evolution, nature, & results of French relationship with natives, with reference to Louisbourg & Mi’kmaq.

174.

DOLLIMOUNT, Ray. The other Cape Bretoners. Community Focus, 1:57 (21 August 1974), 5–6. Discusses problems of Mi’kmaq population in Cape Breton.

175.

DONOVAN, Ken (ed). See VARENNE, M de la.

176.

DOUCETTE, Frank. Frank Doucette on Micmac ruggedness. Cape Breton’s Magazine, 23 (August 1979), 12–14. Illus. Recollections.

177.

ERSKINE, John S. Early cultures of Nova Scotia. V: Cape Breton. Journal of Education, 5th series, 19:4 (June 1970), 34–6. Illus. Examines traces of early native civilization in Cape Breton.

178.

– Evidence of early man on Cape Breton: incomplete history of Cape Breton Indians. Cape Breton’s Magazine, 14 (August 1976), 10–14. Illus. Reprinted in Ron Caplan (ed), Down north: the book of Cape Breton’s Magazine (Toronto: Doubleday, 1980), 180–3. Illus. Describes early population of Cape Breton, based on archaeological research & oral tradition.

179.

FRANCIS, Bernie. See CHRISTMAS, Ben.

Mi’kmaq 25

180.

– See MORRIS, Noel.

181.

GATES, R Ruggles. The blood groups and other features of the Micmac Indians. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain & Ireland, 68 (1938), 283–98. Illus. Notes. Reports on blood groups & other characteristics of Mi’kmaq, based on study of people at Chapel Island & Whycocomagh Reserves.

182.

GOOGOO, Ellen. Making a Micmac basket. Cape Breton’s Magazine, 2 (January 1973), 3–5. Illus. Reprinted as ‘Ellen Googoo makes a Micmac basket’ in Ron Caplan (ed), Down north: the book of Cape Breton’s Magazine (Toronto: Doubleday, 1980), 139–43. Illus. Explains how to make traditional wooden splits baskets.

183.

GRAY, Viviane. The personal views of today’s Micmac people. Tawow, 5:2 (1976), 44–6. Illus. Mi’kmaq people describe their lives and views.

184.

HAGAR, Stansbury. See ANONYMOUS, The celestial bear.

185.

HAMILTON, William B. The federal Indian day schools of the Maritimes. Fredericton: Micmac-Maliseet Institute, University of New Brunswick, 1986, 151pp. Illus. Fns. Index. History of schools from 1870 to 1930s, including those at Chapel Island, Eskasoni, Sydney, Wagmatcook, & Whycocomagh.

186.

– & RD OWSTON. The Chapel Island education evaluation report. Mi’kmaway School. The Micmac way. NP: privately published, 1983, 193pp. Apps. Evaluates second year of Chapel Island Reserve school’s operations.

187.

HARRIS, Michael. Justice denied: the law versus Donald Marshall. Toronto: Macmillan, 1986, 405pp. Illus. Story of Donald Marshall’s wrongful conviction for murder & eventual exoneration.

188.

HENDERSON, James Youngblood ‘Sakej.’ The Marshall inquiry: a view of the legal consciousness. Joy Mannette (ed), Elusive justice: beyond the Marshall inquiry (Halifax: Fernwood, 1992), 35–61. Refs. Challenges constitutionality of criminal law system’s application to aboriginal peoples & argues that it is inherently racist.

26

Cape Bretoniana

189.

HICKMAN, T Alexander. See NOVA SCOTIA, royal commission on the Donald Marshall Jr, prosecution.

190.

HOFFMAN, Bernard. Who ate what in the Maritimes. Cape Breton’s Magazine, 21 (December 1978), 36–7. Illus. Excerpt from Bernard Hoffman, The historical ethnography of the Micmac of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries (Unpublished PhD thesis, University of California, 1955). Describes diet of Mi’kmaq in sixteenth & seventeenth centuries.

191.

HORNBORG, Alf. Environmentalism, ethnicity and sacred places: reflections on modernity, discourse and power. Canadian Review of Sociology and Anthropology, 31:3 (August 1994), 245–67. Fns. Reprinted as ‘The Mi’kmaq of Nova Scotia: environmentalism, ethnicity and sacred places’ in Alf Hornborg & Mikael Kurkiala (eds), Voices of the land: identity and ecology in the margins (Lund: Lund University Press, 1998), 135–72. Uses Mi’kmaq campaign to stop proposed granite quarry on Kelly’s Mountain in Cape Breton as case study for reflections on larger issues of modern identity construction, discourse, & power.

192.

– Mi’kmaq environmentalism, local incentives and global projections. L Anders Sandberg & Sverker Sörlin (eds), Sustainability the challenge: people, power, and the environment (Toronto: Black Rose Books, 1998), 202–11. Fns. Discusses how Mi’kmaq involvement in environmental issues relates to identity construction & role of media in process, focusing on forestry issues in Cape Breton.

193.

HOWARD, James H. St Ann’s day celebrations of the Micmac Indians, 1962. [South Dakota Museum] Museum News, 26 (March/April 1965), 5–13. Not found.

194.

HUNTER, Mike. Pestiewa’ltimk, a Mi’kmaq tradition. Cape Bretoner, 6:6 (December 1998), 20. Describes annual honouring tradition celebrated at Christmas.

195.

HUTTON, Elizabeth Ann. The Micmac Indians of Nova Scotia to 1834. Unpublished MA thesis, Dalhousie University, 1961, 245pp. Fns. Apps. Biblio. History of Mi’kmaq–settler relations. Much on Cape Breton.

Mi’kmaq 27

196.

JANZEN, Olaf Uwe. See BARTELS, Dennis A.

197.

JEWELL, Marianne. A visit with Mi’kmaq fiddler Wilfred Prosper. Am Braighe, 5:1 (Summer 1997), 17. Illus. Profile of Eskasoni fiddler.

198.

JOE, John. See JULIAN, Chief Joe.

199.

JOE, Rita. A selection from Song of Rita Joe: autobiography of a Mi’kmaq poet. Cape Breton’s Magazine, 70 (June 1996), 9–15. Extract from Song of Rita Joe (Charlottetown: Ragweed, 1996). Recollections of Mi’kmaq poet.

200.

– A story. Tawow, 5:2 (1976), 30. Mi’kmaq folktale from Eskasoni.

201.

– Aye! no monuments. Alice Hale & Sheila Brooks (eds). Nearly an island: a Nova Scotian anthology (St John’s: Breakwater, 1979), 43–4. Poem.

202.

– Kay qua joo. Tawow, 5:2 (1976), 29. Illus. Mi’kmaq folktale from Eskasoni.

203.

– Lnu and Indians we’re called. Charlottetown: Ragweed Press, 1991, 71pp. Illus. Poems.

204.

– Need you think. Clay Warren (ed), Inner visions, outer voices: an anthology of Cape Breton poetry (Sydney: UCCB Press, 1988), 119. Extract from Rita Joe, Poems of Rita Joe (Halifax: Abanaki Press, 1978), 5. Poem set in Cape Breton.

205.

– Poems of Rita Joe. NP: privately published, nd, 26pp. Reprinted Halifax: Abanaki Press, 1978. Poems.

206.

– Rita Joe tells the legend of Mud-Lane. Cape Breton’s Magazine, 19 (June 1978), inside front cover, 14. Illus. Reprinted in Ron Caplan (ed), Another night: Cape Breton stories true & short & tall (Wreck Cove: Breton Books, 1995), 163–7. Illus. Mi’kmaq folktale.

207.

– Song of Eskasoni: more poems of Rita Joe. Charlottetown: Ragweed Press, 1988, 88pp. Illus. Poems.

28

Cape Bretoniana

208.

– Song of Rita Joe. Charlottetown: Ragweed, 1996, 191pp. Illus. Autobiography of Mi’kmaq poet.

209.

– The Micmac people of Nova Scotia. Tawow, 5:2 (1976), 22–4. Illus. Describes how Mi’kmaq are trying to recover lost arts of chanting & singing, especially at wakes & Feast of St Ann.

210.

– Three poems by Rita Joe: ‘The monk,’ ‘The toddler boy from another age,’ & ‘The dream was the answer.’ Cape Breton’s Magazine, 62 (January 1993), 62. Illus. Note. Extract from Rita Joe, Lnu and Indians we’re called (Charlottetown: Ragweed Press, 1991), 41, 43. Poems.

211.

– Untitled. Lesley Choyce, The Cape Breton collection (Porter’s Lake: Pottersfield Press, 1984), 67–70. Four untitled poems set in Cape Breton.

212.

– We make baskets. Alice Hall & Sheila Brooks (eds). Nearly an island: a Nova Scotian anthology (St John’s: Breakwater, 1979), 175. Poem.

213.

– When I was small. Clay Warren (ed), Inner visions, outer voices: an anthology of Cape Breton poetry (Sydney: UCCB Press, 1988), 117. Extract from Rita Joe, Poems of Rita Joe (Halifax: Abanaki Press, 1978), 17. Poem set in Cape Breton.

214.

– See USMIANI, Renate.

215.

JOHANSEN, Michael F. Fighting a 250-year-old fight. Atlantic Insight, 11:4 (April 1989), 54–6. Illus. Describes conflict between Cape Breton Mi’kmaq & government over hunting rights.

216.

JOHNSON, Eleanor V. Mi’kmaq. Unpublished MA thesis, Saint Mary’s University, 1992, 36pp. Mi’kmaq. History based on traditional waltes game.

217.

JULIAN, Chief Joe & John JOE. ‘Gluskap’s journey’ and a mastodon bone. Cape Breton’s Magazine, 9 (October 1974), 31–2. Illus. First published in Frank G Speck, ‘Some Micmac tales from Cape Breton Island.’ Journal of American Folk-Lore, 28 (1915), 59–69. Fns. Mi’kmaq folktales related by Chief Joe Julian of Sydney & John Joe of Whycocomagh.

Mi’kmaq 29

218.

– Micmac tales about badger. Cape Breton’s Magazine, 13 (June 1976), 20–2. Two Mi’kmaq tales, first published by Frank G Speck, ‘Some Micmac tales from Cape Breton Island.’ Journal of American Folk-Lore, 28 (1915), 59–69. Fns. Mi’kmaq folktales related by Chief Joe Julian of Sydney & John Joe of Whycocomagh.

219.

KAISER, HA. The aftermath of the Marshall Commission: a preliminary opinion. Dalhousie Law Journal, 13:1 (May 1990), 364– 75. Fns. Discusses main findings & recommendations & public response to them.

220.

KAVANAGH, Peter. A ripe sense of anticipation over Micmac selfgovernment. Atlantic Insight, 7:6 (June 1985), 7. Illus. Describes movement towards self-government on reserves, focusing on Cape Breton.

221.

– Nova Scotia’s $7 million man. Canadian Lawyer (September 1988), 18–20. Illus. Discusses royal commission appointed to investigate wrongful conviction of Donald Marshall Jr.

222.

KAWI, Shirley Kiju. Sons of Membertou. Sydney: Capers Aweigh, 1993, 52pp. Poetry, stories & Mi’kmaq legends.

223.

LEAVITT, Robert M (ed). A’tukwaqnn: Micmac stories. Fredericton: Micmac-Maliseet Institute, 1986, 71pp. Illus. Mi’kmaq. Stories written at Mi’km