The Syriac Peshiṭta Bible with English Translation: Lamentations, Prayer of Jeremiah, Epistle of Jeremiah and Epistles of Baruch 9781463202309, 146320230X

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THE ANTIOCH BIBLE

The Syriac Peshiṭta Bible with English Translation

Lamentations, Prayer of Jeremiah, Lamentations–Baruch Epistle of Jeremiah and Epistles of Baruch

Ṣurath Kthobh

Editors George A. Kiraz Andreas Juckel

The Syriac Peshiṭta Bible with English Translation

Lamentations–Baruch Lamentations, Prayer of Jeremiah, Epistle of Jeremiah and Epistles of Baruch

English Translation by

Donald M. Walter Gillian English Translation by

Greenberg Text Prepared by

Donald M. Walter

George A. Kiraz

Text Prepared by

Gillian Greenberg Joseph Bali George A. Kiraz

Joseph Bali

9

34 2013

Gorgias Press LLC, 954 River Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA www.gorgiaspress.com Copyright © 2013 by Gorgias Press LLC

All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise without the prior written permission of Gorgias Press LLC.

2013

‫ܕ‬

ISBN 978-1-4632-0230-9

Printed in the United States of America

9

Virgil McMurray Rogers With whom I began my study of Syriac

Donald M. Walter Adina, Asher, Avi, Elisheva, Penina, Pinchas, Ronit, Shira, Yair, Yisroel, and Zelda My grandchildren — the peace-makers of the future

Gillian Greenberg

TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents .................................................................................... v Foreword to the Edition ....................................................................... vii By George A. Kiraz Making of the Text ................................................................................... vii Orthographic Diversions from Mosul ................................................. viii Text Organization ...................................................................................... xi Acknowledgements ................................................................................... xii

Abbreviations......................................................................................... xiii Introduction to the Translation ........................................................... xv By Donald M. Walter and Gillian Greenberg The Peshiṭta ............................................................................................... xv The Book of Lamentations .................................................................... xvi Apocryphal and Pseudepigraphical Texts ............................................ xvi Translation Policy .................................................................................. xviii Notes ........................................................................................................ xviii Translation Technique .......................................................................... xviii Addenda................................................................................................... xxiv Addendum 1: Mistranslation ................................................................ xxiv Addendum 2: Inner-Syriac Corruption ............................................ xxviii

Appendix 1: Versification .................................................................. xxix A. B.

Versification, the Mosul text compared with 7a1 ................. xxix Versification, Mosul compared with the Septuagint .............. xxix

Appendix 2: Variant Readings .......................................................... xxxi Appendix 3: Names .......................................................................... xxxix Common Syriac Proper Names ......................................................... xxxix

Appendix 4 .............................................................................................. xli Part 1 ........................................................................................................... xli Part 2 .......................................................................................................... xlii

Bibliography .......................................................................................... xlix Lexica and Dictionaries .......................................................................... xlix Reference Commentaries....................................................................... xlix General Interest ....................................................................................... xlix

Text and Translation ............................................................................... 1 V

FOREWORD TO THE EDITION BY GEORGE A. KIRAZ The primary objective of this edition is twofold: to provide a reliable text for scholars and students who are looking for a fully vocalized Syriac text, and to make available to religious communities, for whom this text is sacred, an English translation that can be used in various religious and cultural settings. As such, one had to navigate carefully between rigid scholarly principles and practical editorial choices. Making of the Text The current edition provides a West Syriac version of the 1887–91 Peshiṭta Mosul text.1 While the Mosul text was prepared based on second millennium manuscripts, its text is substantially attested by manuscripts belonging to the first millennium. As ancient MSS are hardly vocalized, our text relies on the vocalization of the Mosul edition. In addition to full vocalization, our text is supplemented with complete Rukkākhā and Quššāyā pointing and other orthographic markings, keeping in mind the general orthographic principles adopted by Pusey and Gwilliam in their 1901 Tetraeuangelium.2 Hence, while the consonantal tier is substantially ancient, the vocalism and orthographic tiers are quite late. As the Mosul edition did not fully mark Rukkākhā and Quššāyā, these points were added and a regular expression3 was applied to the text to Clemis Joseph David (ed.), The Syriac Bible According to the Mosul Edition, 3 volumes, with an introduction by Sebastian P. Brock (Piscataway, NJ, 2010), a reprint of the Mosul 1887–91 edition titled ‫ܨܘܪܬ ܬܟܒ ܐܝܟ ܡܦܩܬܐ ܕܡܬܩܪܝܐ ܦܫܝܛܬܐ‬. 2 P. E. Pusey and G. H. Gwilliam, Tetraeuangelium Sanctum, the Fourfold Holy Gospel in the Peshitta Syriac Version with Critical Apparatus, with an introduction by Andreas Juckel (Piscataway, NJ, 2003), a reprint of the 1901 edition. 3 In computing, a regular expression provides a mechanism with which strings of text can be matched with a search criterion. In most notations, a bracket expression matches a single character inside that bracket (e.g., [ab] matches a single a or b). The exclamation mark denotes negation. Hence, the expression [bgdkpt][!RQ] (where R and Q represent the Rukkākhā and Quššāyā points, respectively) will match a single bgādkpāt letter that is not 1

VII

VIII

Foreword to the Edition

ensure that all bgādkpāt letters are marked. When the consonantal orthography, and in many cases the vocalic orthography, of East and West Syriac diverged, use was made of Lee’s 1823 edition4 as well as linguistic resources including Audo,5 Brockelmann,6 Margoliouth,7 and Smith.8 As for Rukkākhā and Quššāyā pointing, analogies were made internally within other Mosul readings, and externally with the Pusey and Gwilliam New Testament text, making use of my Concordance9 as a tool and the guidelines presented in my introduction to spirantization.10 In some cases, Mašlmānūthā MSS11 (hereinafter, Maš.) were consulted to determine P‛al vs. Pa‛‛el fricatization marking. The Mbaṭṭlānā and Marhṭānā were added systematically following current orthographic conventions, but the Mhaggyānā, Nāgudā, and Mṭappyānā, all ubiquitous in the Mosul text, were removed as they are alien to West Syriac orthography.12 The text was collated against Codex Ambrosianus (7a1 in the Leiden edition, in progress), given that the texts published here have not appeared in the Leiden edition yet. The results appear in Appendix 2 and Appendix 4. These were provided by Donald M. Walter. Orthographic Diversions from Mosul In terms of the consonantal tier, the present text differs orthographically from the Mosul text in two ways. Firstly, it intentionally replaces early Syriac orthographic conventions, most of which are also preserved in the East Syriac Mosul text, with West Syriac ones.13 For example, Mosul ‫( ܣܓܝ‬perf. followed by a Rukkākhā or Quššāyā point. When this search fails, all bgādkpāt letters have been pointed (regardless of accuracy of course). 4 S. Lee, Vetus et Novum Testamentum Syriace (London, 1823). 5 T. Audo, ‫( ܣܝܡܬܐ ܕܠܫܢܐ ܣܘܪܝ ܝܐ‬Mosul, 1897). 6 C. Brockelmann, Lexicon Syriacum (1928). 7 J. P. Smith (Mrs. Margoliouth), A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded upon the Thesaurus Syriacus (Oxford, 1903). 8 P. Smith, Thesaurus Syriacus (Oxford, 1818–1895). 9 G. A. Kiraz, A Computer Generated Concordance to the Syriac New Testament, 6 volumes (Leiden, 1993). 10 G. A. Kiraz, Introduction to Syriac Spirantization, Rukkâḵâ and Quššâyâ (Losser, 1995). 11 We used Vat. Syr. 152 and BL Add. 12,178. 12 On these symbols, see C. J. David, Grammaire de la Langue Araméenne, 2 volumes, (Mosul, 2nd ed., 1896) §62, §67; G. Kiraz, Tūrrāṣ Mamllā, A Grammar of the Syriac Language, Volume I Orthography (Gorgias Press, 2012) §§205–208. 13 On orthography, see L. Van Rompay, ‘Some Preliminary Remarks on the Origins of Classical Syriac as a Standard Language. The Syriac Version of Eusebius of Caesarea’s Ecclesiastical History’, in G. Goldenberg and S. Raz (eds.), Semitic and Cushitic Studies (Wiesbaden, 2004), 70–89; S. P. Brock, ‘Some Diachronic Features of Classical Syriac’, in M.

Foreword to the Edition

IX

ܺ adding seyāme and 3rd fem. pl.) is replaced in the present edition with ‫ܣܓ ̈ܝܝ‬ the suffix ‫( ܝ‬Lam. 1:22); Mosul ‫ ܢ ܚܐ‬is replaced with ‫ ܢܐܚܐ‬adding medial ‫ܐ‬ ܺ (Lam. 4:20); Mosul ‫ ܪܫ‬is replaced with ‫ ܪܝܫ‬adding ‫( ܝ‬2 Ep. Bar. 5:2); Mosul ܺ ܺ ‫ ܥܕܥܕ ܝ ̈ܗ‬is replaced with ‫( ܥܕܥܐܕ ܝ ̈ܗ‬Lam. 1:14). Secondly, as one of the objectives of the present edition is to provide a functional text for religious communities, it was necessary to be systematic and to provide the reader with a standardized orthography. Hence, many ܽ ‫( ܐ‬Ep. contractions were systematically separated; e.g., ‫ ܐܢ ܽܗܘ‬over Mosul ‫ܢܗܘ‬ ܽ ܳ ‫( ܽܟ‬1 Ep. Bar. 5:2). MS evidence and/or Jer. 1:23), ‫ ܟܠ ܳܡܐ‬over Mosul ‫ܠܡܐ‬ Lee’s edition and the Urmia edition give support to most, if not all, of these changes. As for the vocalic tier, the present text differs from the Mosul text in a number of ways. E. Syr. ܲ was generally converted to the corresponding W. Syr. ܰ except in lexemes where the E. and W. Syriac orthographies vary. ܳ E. Syr. ܵ was generally converted to W. Syr. ܰ except when followed ܵ ܳ ‫( ܝ‬2 Ep. by ‫ ܘ‬in which case it became ܰ ; e.g., E. Syr. ‫ ܵܝܘܡ ܵܢܐ‬vs. W. Syr. ‫ܘܡܢܳܐ‬ Bar. 3:8). This also applies to nominal forms when followed by an enclitic demonstrative pronoun. E. Syr. ܰ was generally converted to W. Syr. ܰ except in lexemes where the E. and W. orthographies vary. ܺ E. Syr. ܰ was mapped to either ܰ or ܰ depending on the phonological, morphological or lexical context ܺ E. Syr. ‫ ܝ‬was converted to W. Syr. ‫ܰܝ‬, while E. Syr. ‫ ܘ‬and ‫ ܘ‬were ܽ collapsed into W. Syr. ‫ܰܘ‬. The choice was made to place the vowel on the consonant preceding the matres lectionis. Metathesis was applied to the sequence ‚V resulting in V‚. In C‚Vinitial stems prefixed with bdwl letters, this led to further vocalization changes on the prefixes. In a few ܳ ܽ cases, we departed fromܳ the BFBS edition regarding fricatization: ‫( ܛܢܦܘܬܐ‬e.g. 1 Ep. Bar. 5:7), ‫( ܣܝܦܐ‬2 Ep. Bar. 2:25), and ‫ܪ ܳܒ‬, all ܺ presented here with Quššāyā against ܳ ܺ the BFBS edition, in addition to ‫ܡܨܝܕܬܐ‬ (e.g. Lam. 1:13) against BFBS ‫ܡܨܝܕܬܐ‬. In such cases, MSS of the Maš. were our guide. The Mbaṭṭlānā was applied in the present text following the Pusey and Gwilliam tradition but with further extensions following contemporary F. J. Baasten and W. Th. Van Peursen (eds.), Hamlet on the Hill. Semitic and Greek Studies Presented to Professor T. Muraoka on the Occasion of his Sixty-Fifth Birthday (Louvain, 2003), 95– 111.

Foreword to the Edition

X

orthographic conventions; e.g., ‫( ܛܶܠܘ‬2 Ep. Bar. 5:8). A number of verbs derived from the root ‫ ܝܗܒ‬appear in M with a Mbaṭṭlānā which has been removed in this edition: 2 Ep. Bar. 2:35 ‫( ܝܗܒܬ‬M ‫)ܝܗܒܬ‬. With regards to the vocalization of proper nouns, the BFBS was followed whenever possible. For cases not found in the BFBS, the vocalization was based first the Maš. (primarily BL Add 12,178) and then on the Walton polyglot. Only a few readings in Mosul were rejected, most of which seem to be typographical errors: Here M ܽ ܽ 14 Lam. 3:60 ‫ܢܩܡܬܗܘܢ‬ ‫ܢܩܡܬܗܘܢ‬ ܳ 15 Lam. 4:14 ‫ܢܕܘ‬ ‫ܢܕܘ‬ 16‫ܠܕܕܩܕ ܺܩܝܢ‬ Lam. 4:18 ‫ܠܕܕܩܕ ܺܩܝܢ‬ ̈ ‫ܕ ܐܬܦܩ‬ 17‫ܕܝ‬ Ep. Jer. 1:61 ‫ܕ ܐܬܦܩܕܘ‬ ܳ ܳ ܺ ܳ 18 1 Ep. Bar. 3:1 ‫ܫܪܝܪܬܐ‬ ‫ܥ ܺܫ ̈ܝܢܳܬܐ‬ ܽ ‫ܬܬ‬ ܽ ‫ܬܬ ܢ‬ 19‫ܚܕܘܢ‬ 1 Ep. Bar. 6:8 ‫ܝܕܘܢ‬ ܺ ܳ 20‫ܗܦܟܝܢ‬ 1 Ep. Bar. 6:18 ‫ܳܗܦܟ‬ 21‫ܐܢܳܫ‬ 1 Ep. Bar. 6:22 ‫ܐܐܢ‬ ̈ܶ ܰ ̈ܶ ܰ ̈ܶ ܰ 2 Ep. Bar. 3:14 ‫ܕ݂ܚ ܳܝܐ‬ ‫ܕ݂ܚܝܐ݂ܕܚܝܐ‬ 2 Ep. Bar. 4:22 ‫ܘܐܬܬ‬ ‫ܘܐܬܬ‬ 2 Ep. Bar. 4:31 ‫ܘ ̈ܚܕܝ‬ ‫ܘ ̈ܚ ܺܕܝ ܝ‬22 ܽ ‫ܢܶ̈ܬ‬. 2 Ep. Bar. 5:7 ‫ܡ ܽܠܘܢ‬ ݂ܰ ‫ܢ ܶ̈ ̣ܬ‬ ‫ܡܠܘܢ‬ ̣ ܰ ܰ ܰ ܰ The vocalization ‫ ݂ܘܠ ܕ݂ܝܩܐ‬was chosen over M ‫( ܘܠܕܝܩܐ‬1 Ep. Bar. ܳ ‫ ܽܕ‬over M ‫ ܵܕܘܘ ܵܢܐ‬following modern W. Syr. practice (both are 7:8), and ‫ܘܘ ܳܐܢ‬ valid). In Lam. 1:22, the word ‫‘ ܕܬܪܬܝܢ‬the second [Lamentation]’ in M was removed.

Quššāyā is supported by Maš., Audo, Brockelmann, and Manna. Our reading is supported by Maš. MSS (the sense of √‫ ܢܘܕ‬fits better than √‫)ܢܕܕ‬. 16 Rukkākha is supported by Maš. and C. J. David’s §342. 17 ‫ ܥܢܳ ̈ܢܐ‬is feminine. 18 Our reading is supported by 7a1 (both recensions) and Charles. 19 Our reading is supported by 7a1 (both recensions), Charles, and Kmosko (also, the attestation of √‫ ܢܘܕ‬in the Ethpa‛‛al is weak). 20 Our reading is supported by 7a1 (both recensions) and Charles. 21 Our reading is supported by 7a1 Epistle of Baruch, Charles, and Maš. MSS; 7a1 Apoc. of Baruch gives ‫ܐܢܬ‬. 22 Our reading is supported by Maš. MSS. 14 15

Foreword to the Edition

XI

Text Organization The division of the text into chapters and verses is a recent Western phenomenon. Early manuscripts divided the texts into chapters, called in Syriac ‫ܩܦܐܠܘܢ‬, abbreviated ‫ܩܦ‬, or ‫ܨܚ ܚܐ‬, abbreviated ‫ܨܚ‬. Having said that, ancient manuscripts do not always follow a systematic approach in these chapter divisions. The present text follows the recent Western division of chapters, naming each chapter in Syriac ‫ܩܦܐܠܘܢ‬. Ancient Syriac chapter divisions are given in the outer margin preceded by the abbreviation ‫ ܨܚ‬for ܳ (they correspond to Roman numerals in the English translation). These ‫ܨܚ ܳܚܐ‬ were provided by Adam Kane and Joshua Falconer. The numbers are based on MS Pocock 391 (Oxford). It is worth noting that the Syriac tradition considers Lamentations as part of Jeremiah; hence, the continuous numbering. The present edition follows the Mosul versification. The versification of 1 Epistle of Baruch requires further explanation. The Epistle appears in 7a1 twice: once after the Epistle of Jeremiah, and again at the end of the Apocalypse of Baruch but within that text. In both versions, Ceriani, in his facsimile edition of 7a1,23 assigned chapter numbers beginning with 78 as the Apocalypse ends in chapter 77. The Mosul edition also places 1 Epistle of Baruch after the Epistle of Jeremiah which consists of one chapter divided into 72 verses. Mosul then does not assign chapter numbers to 1 Epistle of Baruch; rather, it continues the versification from the Epistle of Jeremiah, but divides the text into very long verses. Fritzsche,24 in his Latin translation of the text, maintained Ceriani’s chapter numbers and further divided the text into verses. Fritzsche’s versification is followed here. Ceriani’s chapter numbers of the Apocalypse text and the Mosul versification are given in square brackets. The renumbering of the chapters from 1, however, is ours. Ancient manuscripts vary in the application of punctuation marks. The punctuation presented here follows the Mosul punctuation faithfully.

23 A. M. Ceriani (ed.), Translatio Syra Pescitto Veteris Testamenti ex codice Ambrosiano sec. fere VI photolithographice edita, I, Genesis-Threni, In Officinis photolithographica Angeli della Croce et typographica J. B. Pogliani et sociorum, Mediolani 1876 (Monumenta sacra et profana 6), pp. 1–358; II. Epistola Jeremiae – ad finem, Mediolani 1883, pp. 363–680. Reprint titled A Facsimile Edition of the Peshi?to Old Testament Based on Codex Ambrosianus (7a1) with an introduction by Emidio Vergani (Gorgias Press, 2013). 24 O. F. Fritzsche, Libri Apocryphi Veteris Testamenti Graece (Leipzig: F. A. Brockhaus, 1871), pp. 690–699.

XII

Foreword to the Edition

Acknowledgements Andreas Juckel, my co-editor in the Ṣurath Kthob series, played a major role in setting the textual policies of the edition. I am personally grateful to my wife Christine and three children: Tabetha Gabriella, Sebastian Kenoro, and Lucian Nurono. It is hoped that the current edition will be a motivation for further texts and translations of the Syriac Biblical tradition, and will stimulate the use of the Peshiṭta in educational and religious settings.

ABBREVIATIONS ASV BCE CE com. ed. e.g. fem. i.e. impf ISC lit. M masc. MS MSS MT om. P part. pl. pr. sing. v. vol.

American Standard Version (1901) Before the Common Era Common Era common editor, edition exempli gratia feminine id est imperfect Inner-Syriac Corruption literally Mosul masculine manuscript manuscripts Masoretic Text omit Peshiṭta participle plural prior, before singular verse volume

1st 2nd 3rd

first person second person third person

√

Root (see the appropriate dictionary listed in the Bibliography for citations such as √II)

XIII

INTRODUCTION TO THE TRANSLATION BY DONALD M. WALTER AND GILLIAN GREENBERG The Peshiṭta The Peshitta, the Syriac translation of the Hebrew Bible, also includes translations of the Epistle of Jeremiah and of the two letters of Baruch. The canonical biblical translation was based on a Hebrew Vorlage, and was probably written in Edessa in the second century CE. The dating and provenance of the translation of the apocryphal and pseudepigraphical material are less clear: no Hebrew texts have been found; the translations included in the Peshitta were probably made from Greek versions which are believed by many scholars to have been translations of Semitic originals. Most students believe that the Peshitta was translated not by a single man but by members of a ‘Peshiṭta school’. The translators of the Peshiṭta wrote for Syriac speakers, whose main desire was to access the Hebrew Old Testament in their own tongue. Their task was that of the great majority of translators: to produce a text which reads well, not as a stilted literal rendering of the source document, but which was at the same time a faithful translation of the Hebrew of their Vorlage. They succeeded admirably, and the Peshiṭta has been enormously important in the history of Syriac as a literary and liturgical language in Christianity in the East. Whether these ancient translators were Jews or Christians is a much debated question; as yet, there is no universally accepted answer. A number of modern scholars believe that both Jews and Christians were involved at different times. According to this theory, at the time when the work began, the community in which the Peshiṭta school was based was Jewish. At this time, however, the young Christian church in the area was gaining strength, and during subsequent decades, as the translation progressed, the community converted to Christianity; so the work was begun by Jews and finished by Christians. Whatever the uncertainties pertaining to this work, one thing is clear: the Peshiṭta has stood the test of time. We hope that our translation will make the pleasure of reading it available to many more readers.

XV

XVI

Introduction to the Translation

The Book of Lamentations In the MT, Lamentations is one of the five scrolls, the Megilloth, read on specific occasions in the Jewish liturgical calendar; it is read on the ninth day of the month of Ab, when the destruction of the Temple is commemorated. Its authorship is uncertain. The book is anonymous, but in Jewish tradition and in the LXX it was ascribed to Jeremiah. It is comprised of five poems, today numbered as chapters, varying in imagery and construction, but consistently sad. Many authorities consider that the first four chapters, and perhaps also the fifth, were the work of a single author who was apparently an eyewitness of the events of 587 BCE. This author may indeed have been Jeremiah himself, but all arguments remain inconclusive. LXX was apparently made from a text close to that of MT. The fifth chapter is in the form of a prayer, and in the Mosul edition is headed ‘The Prayer of Jeremiah’. Apocryphal and Pseudepigraphical Texts These apocryphal and pseudepigraphical texts have in common that the earliest surviving MSS and fragments of MSS are in Greek rather than Hebrew; certain literary characteristics, and some linguistic features of the Greek, indicate that these texts, or parts of these texts, are themselves translations of original, lost, Hebrew Vorlagen.

The Epistle of Jeremiah This work purports to have been written by Jeremiah, addressed to the Israelites who were about to be exiled to Babylon. The earliest extant MSS are all written in Greek: the earliest of these was found at Qumran, and dates from the 1st century BCE. Here too there are some difficult expressions in the Greek which can be explained as mistranslations from Hebrew.

1 Epistle of Baruch The text called in Mosul ‘The Letter of Baruch the Scribe which he sent from Jerusalem to Babylon’ is often known outside Syriac circles as the Epistle of 2 Baruch. 2 Baruch itself is known in Syriac as the ‘Apocalypse of Baruch’: the ‘Epistle’ has circulated both as Chapters 78–87 of that Apocalypse, and as an independent document. Internal evidence suggests that the original text dates from some time in the first century CE, around the time of the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 CE, and opens with the statement that ‘These are the words which Baruch the son of Neriah sent to the nine and a half tribes’.

Introduction to the Translation

XVII

The Apocalypse of Baruch is extant in Syriac in the Codex Ambrosianus, in Arabic, and in Greek in a few papyrus fragments.1 It seems certain that the Syriac was translated from a Greek Vorlage: reasons for this include the opening sentence of the Apocalypse which says exactly that — ‫‘ ܕܡܦܩ ܡܢ ܝܘܢ ܝܐ ܠܣܘܪܝ ܝܐ‬translated from Greek into Syriac’; terms which appear to be mistranslations of Greek words; grammatical forms suggesting Greek constructions; and words which seem to be transliterations of Greek originals.2

2 Epistle of Baruch The text called in Mosul ‘The Second Epistle of Baruch’ is often known as the ‘Book of Baruch’ or ‘1 Baruch’. The Mosul text includes only five chapters: in some bibles the Epistle of Jeremiah forms the sixth chapter, but in the Mosul edition that text is given separately. It is found in the LXX, grouped with the prophets, but not in the Hebrew canon. It is divisible into two parts, 1:1–3:8 in the form of a prose letter, and the rest which is poetic in form. The first part includes a reference to ‘seven generations’ following the first or second deportations to Babylon, and is generally agreed to be dated around 300 BCE. The second part may be later: similarities to parts of Ecclesiasticus suggest a date no earlier than the second century BCE. Although no Hebrew MSS are known, analysis of the Greek, and the fact that some phrases become clear only following retroversion to Hebrew3 suggest that at least the first part of this work was translated from a Hebrew original. In support of this are the many parallels with Jeremiah in 1:1–3:8. An interesting feature of the Syriac text, by no means characteristic of the Peshiṭta in general, are numerous points at which P has apparently added words or phrases in translation: for example, at 2:19, where the exiles plead to God saying ‘we seek mercy from you’, P adds ‘we set before you our supplication’ for which there is no Greek equivalent. At 2:29, reminding the exiles of the warning given by Moses of the consequences to the Israelites of failing to obey God, P says that they ‘will become few, will be

For a critical study of the text see Gurtner, Second Baruch. Appendix 4, Part 4 gives a comparison of the text of Mosul with that of both 1. Baruch in 7a1 and the appropriate parts of the Apocalypse of Baruch, also in 7a1. 3 See Tony S.L. Michael’s discussion in A New English Translation of the Septuagint, 925– 927. 1 2

XVIII

Introduction to the Translation

diminished’; LXX has a single phrase ‘will turn into a small one’. These additions do not change the sense, they merely intensify it. Translation Policy The present volume follows the same principles of translation as that described in the companion volume ‘Jeremiah’, from which some of the following examples have been taken. Notes These notes have three main purposes: (i) Where a rendering close to the Syriac text would give unacceptable English, we have given a comparatively free rendering in the verse and a literal translation in the notes, e.g.  Lamentations 1:2. ‫‘ ܘܠܬܝ ܠ ܗ ܡܐܐܝܢܐ ܡܢ ܟܗܘܢ ܚ̈ܚܡܝܗ‬she had none to comfort her’ lit. ‘she had no comforter among all her lovers’. (ii) Sometimes, where more than one translation is equally correct in the context, we have given an alternative, e.g.  Lamentations 1:3. ‫‘ ܟܗܘܢ ܚ̈ܕܘܦܝܗ‬all who persecuted her’: lit. ‘her persecutors’ or ‘her pursuers’. (iii) Where further information is given in an Addendum or Appendix, this is noted, e.g.  Lamentations 1:10. ‫‘ ܘܚܙܬܝ‬I saw’: see Introduction. Addendum 1. Translation Technique 1. Additions. Some words in our translation have no equivalent in the Syriac text. These additions fall into two groups: (i) Words shown between round brackets, added because the sense benefits from them, e.g. ̈ ‫‘ ܐܬܕܟܪܬ݀ ܐܘܪܫܠܡ‬Jerusalem  Lamentations 1:7. ‫ܝܘܡܝ ܫܘܥܐܕܗ‬ remembered (in) the days of her servitude’. (ii) Words added to make acceptable English or to conform to English idiom, e.g.  Lamentations 1:10. ‫‘ ܚ̈ܓܝܓܬܗ‬her delightful things’. These are not bracketed. 2. Consistency. We have given consistent translations wherever appropriate, but exceptions were inevitable, as where there are differences between the range of meanings of some words in the two languages, differences in context may require different choices. The more important examples are given below.

Introduction to the Translation

XIX

(i) More than one English word correctly translates one Syriac word; choice is based on context, e.g.4 √‫‘ ܐܒܕ‬to cast out/to perish’:  Jeremiah 6:21. ‫‘ ܘܫܐܐܐ ܘܪܚܡܗ ܢܐܒܕܘܢ‬the neighbor and his friend will perish’. ̈ ‫‘ ܘܢܘܒܕܝܘܗܝ ܡܢ ܐܪܥܐ‬let us cast him out of  Jeremiah 11:19. ‫ܕܚܝܐ‬ the land of the living’. The first use is in the Peal, the second in the Aphel; the meaning varies with the conjugation in this root as in many others. ‫‘ ܐܝܩܪܐ‬glory/honor’:  Jeremiah 2:11. ‫‘ ܘܥܡܝ ܚܠܦ ܐܝܩܪܗ ܒܕܐܠ ܝܘܬܪܢ‬for my people has exchanged its glory for the valueless’.  Jeremiah 20:5. ‫‘ ܘܟܗ ܐܝܩܪܗ‬all its honor’. ̈ ‘children/sons’: ‫ܒܢܝܐ‬ ̈ ‘they are stupid children’.  Jeremiah 4:22. ‫ܒܢܝܐ ܐܢܘܢ ̈ܣܟܐܠ‬ ̈ ̈ ‘fathers and sons together’.  Jeremiah 6:21. ‫ܐܒܗܐ ܘܒܢ ܝܐ ܐܟܚܕܐ‬ ‫‘ ܓܐܪܐ‬warrior/man’:  Jeremiah 46:9. ‫‘ ܢܦܩܘܢ ܓܐܪܐ‬Let the warriors go forth’.  Jeremiah 46:12. ‫‘ ܡܛܠ ܕܓܐܪܐ ܒܓܐܪܐ ܐܬܛܪܝܘ‬for man has assailed man’. ‫‘ ܕܝܢܐ‬judgment/justice’:  Jeremiah 1:16. ‫‘ ܘܐܡܠܠ ܕܝܢ̈ܝ ܥܡܗܘܢ‬I will pronounce my judgments upon them’.  Jeremiah 5:28. ‫‘ ܥܐܪܘ ܥܠ ܕܝܢܐ‬they have violated justice’. √‫‘ ܗܠܟ‬to walk/observe’:  Jeremiah 10:5. ‫ ܡܛܠ ܕܐܠ ܡܗܠܟܝܢ‬lit. ‘for they do not walk’. ̈  2 Ep. Bar. 2:10. ‫ܒܦܘܕܢܘܗܝ ܕܡܪܝܐ‬ ‫‘ ܕܢܗܠܟ‬that we might observe the commandments of the Lord’. ‫‘ ܚܘܒܐ‬debt/iniquity/guilt/wrongdoing’: ̈  Jeremiah 5:25. ‫ܚܘܒܝܟܘܢ ܨܠܘ ܥܠܝܟܘܢ ܗܠܝܢ‬ ‘Your iniquities have brought these things upon you’. ̈  Jeremiah 15:4. ‫ܚܘܒܘܗܝ ܕܡܢܫܐ‬ ‫‘ ܡܛܠ‬because of the guilt of Manasseh’. ̈  Jeremiah 33:8. ‫ܚܘܒܝܗܘܢ‬ ‫‘ ܘܐܫܐܘܩ ܠܠܟܗܘܢ‬I will forgive all their wrongdoing’. ‫‘ ܢܘܟܪܝܐ‬stranger/foreigner’: 4 The English translations shown illustrate but do not exhaust the actual translations used in this volume for the Syriac words .

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XX



Jeremiah 2:25. ‫‘ ܡܛܠ ܕܪܚܡܬ ܢܘܟܪܝܐ‬for I have loved strangers’.  Jeremiah 5:19. ‫‘ ܬܦܠܚܘܢ ܠܢܘܟܪܝܐ ܒܐܪܥܐ ܕܐܠ ܕܝܠܟܘܢ‬you will serve foreigners in a land which is not your own’. ‫‘ ܢܦܫܐ‬life/being/soul’:  Jeremiah 4:30. ‫‘ ܘܢܦܫܟܝ ܒܥܝܢ‬they seek your life’. ̈  Jeremiah 4:31. ‫ܩܛܝܠܝ‬ ‫‘ ܘܝ ܠܝ ܕܐܬܛܪܦܬ ܢܦܫܝ ܥܠ‬My very being is weary for my slain ones’. ̈  Jeremiah 6:16. ‫ܠܢܦܫܬܗܘܢ‬ ‫‘ ܘܐܫܟܚܘ ܢ ܝ ܚܐ‬and find rest for your souls’. ‫‘ ܥܠ‬to/against/concerning/with’:  Jeremiah 1:2. ‫‘ ܥܠܘܗܝ‬to him’.  Jeremiah 1:15. ‫‘ ܘܥܠ ܟܗܘܢ ܫܘܚ̈ܝܗ ܟܕ ܚܕܪܐ‬against all its walls round about’. ̈ ‫‘ ܐܠ ܥܠ ܥܠܬܐ ܘܐܠ ܥܠ‬neither concerning  Jeremiah 7:22. ‫ܙܒܚܐ‬ burnt offering(s) nor sacrifices’.  Jeremiah 26:24. ‫‘ ܐܝܕܗ ܕܐܚ ܝܟܡ … ܗܘܬ ܥܐ ܠܪܡܝܐ‬the hand of Ahikam … was with Jeremiah’. √‫‘ ܦܩܕ‬to punish/to visit upon/to take care of’:  Jeremiah 5:9. ‫‘ ܥܠ ܗܠܝܢ ܐܠ ܐܦܩܘܕ‬Shall I not punish for these things?’. ̈ ‫‘ ܘܐܦܩܘܕ ܥܠܝܗܘܢ ܐܪܒܥ‬I shall visit four  Jeremiah 15:3. ‫ܡܚܘܢ‬ scourges upon them’.  Jeremiah 23:2. ‫‘ ܘܐܠ ܦܩܕܬܘܢ ܐܢ ܝܢ‬and have not taken care of them’.  Jeremiah 32:5. ‫‘ ܕܦܩܕ ܐܐܢ ܠܗ‬when I take him to account’. ‫‘ ܩܪܒܐ‬war/battle’:  Jeremiah 4:19. ‫‘ ܘܝܘܒܐܐ ܕܩܪܒܐ‬the shout of war’.  Jeremiah 6:4. ‫‘ ܛܝܐܘ ܥܠܝܗ ܩܪܒܐ‬Prepare for battle against her’. ‫‘ ܪܘܚܐ‬wind/spirit’:  Jeremiah 2:24. ‫‘ ܣܩܬܝ ܪܘܚܐ ܐܝܟ ܝܪܘܪܐ‬you have snuffed up the wind like a jackal’.  Jeremiah 32:39. ‫‘ ܠܐܐ ܚܕܬܐ ܘܪܘܚܐ ܚܕܬܐ‬a single heart and a single spirit’. √‫‘ ܪܕܦ‬to persecute/pursue’:  Jeremiah 15:15. ‫‘ ܘܐܬܢܩܡ ܠܝ ܡܢ ܚ̈ܕܘܦܝ‬avenge me on my persecutors’.  Jeremiah 29:18. ‫‘ ܘܐܕܪܘܦ ܒܬܪܗܘܢ‬I will pursue them’. √‫‘ ܫܐܐ‬to exile/to take captive’:  Jeremiah 43:11. ‫‘ ܘܕܠܫܐܝܐ ܠܫܐܝܐ‬those destined for exile, will be exiled’.

Introduction to the Translation 

XXI

Jeremiah 43:12. ‫‘ ܘܢܫܐܐ ܐܢܘܢ‬he will take them captive’. √‫‘ ܫܡܥ‬to hear/obey/understand’:  Jeremiah 2:4. ‫‘ ܫܡܥܘ ܦܬܓܡܗ ܕܡܪܝܐ‬Hear the word of the Lord’.  Jeremiah 32:23. ‫‘ ܘܐܠ ܫܡܥܘ ܒܩܠܟ‬they did not obey your voice’.  Jeremiah 5:15. ‫‘ ܘܐܠ ܬܫܡܥ ܡܕܡ ܕܡܡܠܠ‬you will understand nothing that they say’. √‫‘ ܬܘܒ‬to repent/return’:  Jeremiah 4:1. ‫‘ ܐܢ ܬܬܘܒ … ܠܘܬܝ ܬܬܘܒ‬If you would repent … you would return to me’.  Jeremiah 8:4. ‫‘ ܘܐܢ ܢܬܘܒܘܢ ܐܠ ܢܬܘܒܘܢ‬should they return they will not repent’. (ii) One English word correctly translates more than one Syriac word, e.g. ‘perish’ translates √ ‫ ܣܘܦ‬and √ ‫ܐܒܕ‬.  Lamentations 1:19. ‫‘ ܣܦܘ ܒܓܘ‬perished in my midst’.  2 Ep. Bar. 3:3. ‫‘ ܘܚܢܢ ܐܒܕܝܢܢ ܠܥܠܡ‬but we perish eternally’. ‘city’ translates ‫ ܩܪܬܝܐ‬and ‫ܡܕܝܢܬܐ‬.  Lamentations 1:1. ‫‘ ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܣܓܝܐܬ ܒܥܡܐ‬the city that (once) was populous with people?’ ̈  Lamentations 2:11. ‫‘ ܒܫܘܩܝܗ ܕܩܪܬܝܐ‬streets of the city’. ‘cry’ translates ‫ ܓܥܐ‬and ‫ܙܥܩ‬.  2 Ep. Bar. 3:1. ‫‘ ܓܥܘ ܠܘܬܟ‬cry out to you’.  2 Ep. Bar. 4:27. ‫‘ ܘܐܙܥܩܘ ܠܘܬ ܡܪܝܐ ܠܐܗܐ‬cry to the Lord God’. ‘priest’ translates ‫ ܟܗܐܢ‬and ‫ܟܘܡܪܐ‬. ̈ ‘her priests’: this term is usually  Lamentations 1:4. ‫ܟܗܢ ܝܗ‬ applied to the Israelite priests.  Ep. Jer. 1:9. ‫‘ ܟܘܡܪܝܗܘܢ‬their priests’: this term is usually applied to pagan priests. ‘establish’ translates √‫ ܩܘܡ‬and √‫ܬܩܢ‬.  Ep. Jer. 33. ‫‘ ܕܢܩܝܡܘܢ ܐܘ ܕܢܥܐܕܘܢ‬establish nor make’.  2 Ep. Bar. 3:32. ‫‘ ܕܐܬܩܢ ܐܪܥܐ‬who established the earth’. ‘live’ translates √‫ ܥܡܪ‬and √‫ܚ ܝܐ‬.  1 Ep. Bar. 3:4. ‫‘ ܘܐܥܡܪܘ ܐܢܘܢ ܬܡܢ‬and made them live there’.  1 Ep. Bar. 7:1. ‫‘ ܥܕ ܚ ܝ ܐܐܢ‬while I (yet) live. ‘man’ translates ‫ ܓܐܪܐ‬and ‫ܒܪ ܐܢܫܐ‬.  Lamentations 3:27. ‫‘ ܛܒ ܠܓܐܪܐ‬Good to the man’.  Lamentations 3:36. ‫‘ ܠܡܚ ܝܐܘ ܒܪ ܐܢܫܐ‬To find a man guilty’. 3. Syriac Usages. There are a number of features of Syriac grammar, syntax, or idiom where a literal translation would give unacceptable or

XXII

Introduction to the Translation

inappropriate English. Some of the more important examples are given below: (i) Singular and Plural: (a) A Syriac singular may be better rendered by an English plural, e.g.  Jeremiah 22:25. ‫‘ ܒܝܕ ܐܢܫܐ‬into the hands of the men’. (b) A Syriac plural may be better rendered by an English singular, e.g.  Jeremiah 10:13. ‫‘ ܘܒܪܩܐ ܠܡܛܪܐ ܥܐܕ‬made the lightning for the rain’. This is particularly common since Syriac often uses plurals for abstract nouns, e.g.  Lamentations 3:22. ‫‘ ܘܐܠ ܓܡܪܝܢ ܚ̈ܚܡܘܗܝ‬his love does not fail’. (ii) Tense/aspect: (a) A Syriac imperfect may be better rendered by an English infinitive:  Jeremiah 17:27. ‫‘ ܬܫܩܠܘܢ … ܘܬܥܠܘܢ‬to carry … or bring’.  Ep. Jer. 62. ‫‘ ܕܬܘܩܕ ܛܘܚ̈ܐ‬to burn the mountains’.  1 Ep. Bar. 7:1. ‫‘ ܕܐܪܬܝܟܘܢ ܘܐܣܝܡ ܩܕܡܝܟܘܢ‬to admonish you, to put before you’. (b) A Syriac participle may be better rendered by an English infinitive:  Pr. Jer. 5:8. ‫‘ ܕܦܪܩ ܠܢ‬to deliver us’.  Ep. Jer. 54. ‫‘ ܘܡܫܘܙܒܝܢ ܢܦܫܗܘܢ‬to save their lives’. (c) A Syriac participle may be better rendered by an English future/imperfect:  Jeremiah 13:12. ‫‘ ܐܡܪܝܢ ܠܟ … ܡܬܡܠܝܢ‬will say … will be filled’.  Jeremiah 27:16. ‫‘ ܗܦܟܝܢ‬will return’.  1 Ep. Bar. 9:3. ‫‘ ܡܬܕܟܪܝܢ‬you should remember’. (d) A Syriac participle of √‫‘ ܐܡܪ‬to say’ may be better rendered by an English perfect:  Jeremiah 1:8. ‫‘ ܐܡܪ ܡܪܝܐ‬said the Lord’. (iii) Interrogative: (a) Where MT has an interrogative, an interrogative is often implicit in the Peshiṭta but not specifically indicated, e.g.  Jeremiah 5:9. ‫‘ ܥܠ ܗܠܝܢ ܐܠ ܐܦܩܘܕ ܐܡܪ ܡܪܝܐ‬Shall I not punish for these things, says the Lord?’: lit ‘for these things I shall not punish, says the Lord’. (b) There are some passages where MT has an interrogative and where either a statement or a question would make sense, e.g.  Jeremiah 3:6. ‫ ܚܙܬܝ ܡܕܡ ܕܥܐܕܬ ܥܡܘܪܬܐ ܕܝܣܪܝܠ‬either ‘Have you seen what the inhabitant of Israel has done?’ or ‘You have seen what the inhabitant of Israel has done’.

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XXIII

(c) There are some passages where MT has an interrogative and the Peshiṭta has an imperative, e.g.  Pr. Jer. 5:20. ‫‘ ܐܠ ܠܥܠܡ ܬܫܐܘܩܢ ܘܬܛܥܝܢ‬Do not abandon us … forget us’. (iv) Syriac idiom often needs a non-literal translation: (a) ‫‘ ܗܘܐ ܦܬܓܡܐ‬there was the word’. In English idiom, the verb ‘to be’ is inappropriate here, rather ‘to come’ is needed:  Jeremiah 1:2. ‫‘ ܕܗܘܐ ܦܬܓܡܗ ܕܡܪܝܐ ܥܠܘܗܝ‬The word of the Lord came to him’. (b) ‫‘ ܡܢ ܩܕܡ‬from before’. Several English translations are needed:  Jeremiah 1:8. ‫‘ ܐܠ ܬܕܚܠ ܡܢ ܩܕܡܝܗܘܢ‬Do not be afraid of them’. ̈  Jeremiah 7:15. ‫‘ ܘܐܫܕܝܟܘܢ ܡܢ ܩܕܡ ܐܦܝ‬And I shall banish you from my presence’.  Jeremiah 9:7. ‫‘ ܡܛܠ ܕܐܝܟܢܐ ܐܥܐܕ ܡܢ ܩܕܡ ܒܪܬ ܥܡܝ‬what should I do for the daughter of my people?’.  Jeremiah 14:16. ‫‘ ܡܢ ܩܕܡ ܚܪܒܐ ܘܟܦܢܐ ܘܡܘܬܐܢ‬before the sword and famine and pestilence’.  Jeremiah 16:17. ‫‘ ܘܐܠ ܛܫܝܢ ܡܢ ܩܕܡܝ‬they are not hidden from my presence’. (c) ‘each’. This is a standard translation of ‘man’ in the absolute state:  Jeremiah 1:15. ‫‘ ܘܢܪܡܘܢ ܓܐܪ ܟܘܪܣܝܗ‬each will set up his throne’.  Jeremiah 9:4. ‫‘ ܓܐܪ ܡܢ ܚܐܪܗ ܐܙܕܗܪܘ‬Each should beware of his neighbor’.  2 Ep. Bar. 1:6. ‫‘ ܘܟܢܫܘ ܟܣܦܐ ܐܢܫ ܐܝܟ ܕܡܛܐ ܗܘܐ‬They collected silver, each as he could lay his hands on it’. (d) ‘saying’:  Jeremiah 1:4. ‫‘ ܘܗܘܐ ܥܠܝ ܦܬܓܡܗ ܕܡܪܝܐ ܠܡܐܡܪ‬The word of the Lord came to me saying’: lit. ‘… to say’.  Jeremiah 1:13. ‫‘ ܘܗܘܐ ܥܠܝ ܦܬܓܡܗ ܕܡܪܝܐ … ܘܐܡܪ‬The word of the Lord came to me … saying’; lit. ‘… and he said’. (e) ‫‘ ܐܢ‬if’ may be used in an asseveration to mean ‘not’:  Jeremiah 2:14. ‫‘ ܐܢ ܝܠܝܕ ܒܬܝܐ ܗܘ‬He is not a slave’: lit. ‘Not is he born in the house’. (f) ‫‘ ܕܠܡܐ‬lest’. This composite of ‫ܕ‬, ‫ ܠ‬and ‫ ܡܐ‬is commonly also used as an interrogative particle introducing a question expecting a negative answer:  Jeremiah 1:17. ‫‘ ܕܠܡܐ ܐܬܒܪܟ ܩܕܡܝܗܘܢ‬lest I destroy you before them’ or ‘shall I destroy/break you before them’.

Introduction to the Translation

XXIV



Jeremiah 2:31. ‫‘ ܕܠܡܐ ܡܕܒܪܐ ܗܘܬܝ ܠܝܣܪܝܠ‬Was I a wilderness to Israel’. (g) ‫‘ ܒܝܕ‬by the hand of’ may be used where the English equivalent is ‘through, by means of, by the medium of’: ̈  Jeremiah 37:2. ‫ܦܬܒܡܘܗܝ ܕܡܪܝܐ ܕܐܡܪ ܒܝܕ ܐܪܡܝܐ ܢܐܝܐ‬ ‘the words of the Lord which he spoke through Jeremiah the prophet’. (h) ‫‘ ܝܘܡ‬day’ may be used where the English equivalent is ‘time’: ̈  Jeremiah 1:2. ‫ܒܝܘܡܘܗܝ ܕܝܘܫܝܐ‬ ‘in the time of Josiah’. (i) √‫ ܗܦܟ‬preceding another verb often has adverbial force:  Jeremiah 18:4. ‫‘ ܘܗܦܟ ܘܥܐܕ ܡܐܐܢ ܐܚܪܐܢ‬and again he made another vessel’. (j) √‫‘ ܬܝܪ‬to gain’: the Pael participle may mean ‘to be better than’:  Jeremiah 45:5. ‫‘ ܐܠ ܬܒܥܐ ܕܡܬܝܪܢ ܡܢܟ‬seek not that which is better than you’. (k) Ethical dative: this construction with lamadh and an objective pronoun usually can not be rendered in idiomatic English:  Jeremiah 3:2. ‫‘ ܥܐ ܠܘܚ̈ܚܬܐ ܬܝܒܬܝ ܠܗܘܢ‬You have settled on the pathways’: lit ‘‘You have settled yourselves on the pathways’. (l) It is not always possible to be sure whether a verb is imperative or perfect. At such passages we have been guided by the context, e.g. ̈  Jeremiah 12:13. ‫‘ ܒܗܬܘ ܡܢ ܥܶܠܬܟܘܢ‬be ashamed of your produce’. ̈  Jeremiah 51:17. ‫‘ ܒܗܬܘ ܟܠ ܩܝܢ ̈ܝܐ ܡܢ ܓܠܝܦܐ ܕܥܐܕܘ‬all smiths were ashamed of the idols they have made’ or ‘be ashamed, all smiths! …’. Addenda There are many passages where the meaning of MT is not precisely rendered in P. Numerous cases of ‘Mistranslation’ understood broadly are treated in the first Addendum while those which result from inner-Syriac corruption are dealt with in the second Addendum. Addendum 1: Mistranslation ‘Mistranslation’ is used rather freely as a category, and includes examples where P deliberately gave a free or non-literal translation of an unambiguous Hebrew passage to add clarity or emphasis. In other cases MT may have been ambiguous. We have sought to explain P’s readings, though we have not been able to in every case. In many places P may have

Introduction to the Translation

XXV

been influenced by the LXX, although polygenesis in those cases is always possible. The references to Hebrew roots are all to Koehler Baumgartner (1994), The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament. Lamentations 2:8 ‫‘ ܘܐܘܬܒ ܒܐܒܐܠ ܚ ̈ܝܠܝܗ‬he brought grief to her armies’: lit. ‘he made her armies dwell in mourning’. MT ‫‘ ויאבל־חל‬he made her rampart lament’. In MT ‫ חל‬P perceived ‫‘ ַחיִ ל‬strength’ or ‘army’ rather than ‫ֵחל‬ or ‫‘ ֵחיל‬rampart/fortress’. 3:3 ‫‘ ܒܪܡ ݂ܒܝ ݂ܢܬܘܒ܆ ݂ܘܢܗܦܟ ݂ܐܝܕܗ ݂ܟܗ ݂ܝܘܡܐ‬Moreover, he will return to me, he will turn his hand (against me) every day’. MT ‫אך בי ישב יהפך‬ ‫ ידו כל־היום‬is understood as ‘Surely he will turn against me; he turns his hand all day.’ MT is ambiguous: ‫ בי‬may mean ‘towards’ or ‘against’. √‫ שוב‬can mean ‘to turn away’ or ‘to turn back’. A comforting message would be inappropriate: ‘against me’ is added to make sense in the context, although the root ‫ ܬܘܒ‬is not usually used in an antagonistic sense. 3:8 ‫‘ ܐܠ ܫܡܥ‬he does not hear’. MT ‫ ש ֹתם‬is a hapax legomenon of uncertain meaning. P has given a loose translation to fit the general sense. 3:20 ‫‘ ܘܐܦܢܐ ܢܦܫܝ ܥܠܝ‬restore my life (or ‘soul’) to me’. MT ‫ותשוח עלי נפשי‬ ‘my soul sank down within me’. Possibly, P misread ‫ ותשיח‬and thought he saw ‫ותשיב‬, Hiphil of √‫שוב‬, or derived the Kethib from √‫‘ ש ֹיח‬to consider, give heed to’. 3:33 ‫‘ ܥܢܐ‬respond’. MT ‫‘ ענה‬afflict’. P perceived √I ‫‘ ענה‬to answer’ rather than √II ‫‘ ענה‬to be bowed down’. Influence from LXX θη ‘answer’ is possible. 3:33 ‫‘ ܒܢ ̈ܝ ܓܢܐܪܐ‬children of the mighty’. MT ‫‘ בני־איש‬children of men’. 3:39 ‫‘ ܡܬܚܫܒ‬make plans’. MT ‫‘ יתאונן‬he will complain’. P did not recognise the rare √‫אנן‬. Possibly, he perceived √‫ בין‬in the Hithpolel ‫‘ יתבונן‬to consider diligently,’ but more likely, not understanding the Hebrew, he chose to give a rendering which seemed to fit the context. 3:45 ‫‘ ܥܩܝܪܐ‬uprooted’. MT ‫‘ סחי‬refuse, offscouring’. Probably P did not understand the rare Hebrew root and chose an idea which was acceptable in the context. 3:50 ‫‘ ܓܘܡܨܐ‬pit’. MT ‫ השאת‬a hapax legomenon ‘desolation’. P possibly perceived ‫‘ השחת‬pit’ derived from √‫‘ שוח‬to sink down.’ 3:56 ‫‘ ܐܠ ܬܪܟܢ ܐܕܢܟ‬do not give heed’: lit. ‘do not incline your ear’. MT ‫‘ אל־תעלם אזנך‬do not conceal your ear/turn a deaf ear’. The Syriac phrase ‘to incline the ear’ means ‘to turn the ear towards the

XXVI

Introduction to the Translation

supplicant’; if so the meaning is the opposite of MT. Since the Syriac verb with ‘eyes’ may mean ‘avert’, perhaps it does so as well with ‘ears’. 3:63 ‫‘ ܪܢ ܝܗܘܢ‬their mocking’ or ‘their meditation’. MT ‫ מנגינתם‬is usually translated as ‘their mocking song’: the term is a hapax legomenon. ̈ ‫‘ ܕܡܬܝܪܝܢ ܗܘܘ ܡܢ‬more (precious) than the good stones’. ̈ ‫ܟܐܦܐ‬ 4:2 ‫ܛܐܬܐ‬ MT ‫‘ המסלאים בפז‬weighed against fine gold’. P presumably guessed, on the basis of the context, what ‫ פז‬might mean. 4:3 ‫‘ ܗܘܬ݂ܒܪܬ ݂ܥܡܝ݂ܠܡܚܘܬܐ ݂ܕܠܬܝ݂ܠ ܗ ݂ܐܣܝܘܬܐ‬the daughter of my people became like an incurable wound’. MT ‫‘ בת־עמי לאכזר‬the daughter of my people has become cruel’. Influence from LXX ν ατον ‘incurable’ is possible: if so, P supplied ‘wound’ since a noun seemed to be needed for ‘incurable’ to qualify. 4:5 ‫‘ ܣܝܡܝܢ‬cast out on’. MT ‫‘ נשמו‬desolate’. P apparently perceived not the Niphal of the √‫ שמם‬but √‫‘ שום‬to put, place’. 4:5 ‫‘ ܕܡܟܝܢ‬they sleep (on dunghills)’. MT ‫‘ חבקו‬they embraced (dunghills)’. P has modified the sordid imagery, changing the verb and adding a preposition. 4:9 ‫‘ ܘܫܕܝܢ ܒܚܩܐܠ‬cast out onto the field(s)’. The MT ‫‘ מתנובים ש ֹדי‬from the produce of the fields’. makes poor sense in context. P resorted to an idiom for death in disgrace or disaster. 4:14 ‫‘ ܪܘܚ̈ܒܢ ܝܗ‬Her noblemen’. MT ‫‘ עורים‬the blind’. This is not a rare term, so it seems unlikely that P did not recognize it. Possibly, he chose ‘noblemen’ as a suitable group to add to the kings, prophets, and priests mentioned in 4:12, 13. Alternatively P may have misread the Hebrew as ‫‘ ׂשרים‬noblemen’. The Prayer of Jeremiah 5:5

‫‘ ܐܬܘ ܥܠ ܨܘܪܢ‬They came upon our necks’. MT ‫‘ על צוארנו נרדנו‬Upon

our necks we are pursued’. ‫‘ ܐܬܕܪܦܢ ܘܐܠܝܢ ܘܐܠ ܐܬܬܢ ܝ ܚܢ‬we were hard driven, we labored, we had no rest’. MT ‫‘ יגענו לא הונח־לנו‬we labored, we had no rest’, with no equivalent of ‘we were hard driven’. 5:10 ‫‘ ܐܬܩܦܕܘ‬withered’ or ‘shrank’. MT ‫‘ נכמרו‬grew warm’. 5:10 ‫‘ ܡܢ ܩܕܡ ܛܘܪܦܐ ܕܟܦܢܐ‬exhausted by hunger: lit. ‘from before exhaustion of hunger’. MT ‫‘ מפני זלעפות רעב‬before the raging heat of famine’. 5:5

Introduction to the Translation

XXVII

The Epistle of Jeremiah5 1:11 1:19 1:26 1:27

‫‘ ܚܐܐܠ‬corruption’. LXX β ωμάτων ‘food’. ‫‘ ܘܡܬܚܐܠܝܢ‬corrupted’. LXX ἐ λ χ σθαι ‘eaten’ (lit. ‘licked up’). ̈ ‘foods’. LXX τὰ δῶ α ‘gifts’. ‫ܡܐܟܬܐ‬ ̈ ‫‘ ܡܬܠ ܥܐܢ‬seize greedily’. LXX τα ιχ ύουσαι ‘preserve’ (as

for

instance by pickling). 1:30

1:40 1:42 1:53

1:60 1:61 1:67 1:69 1:71

‫ܘܒܡܘܬܒܗܘܢ ܟܘܡܪܐ ܡܘܬܒܝܢ ܠܗܘܢ‬

‘Priests … set them in their dwelling places’: lit. ‘In their dwelling places priests make them dwell’. LXX ἐν τοῖς οἴ οις αὐτῶν οἱ ἱ ῖς διφ ύουσιν ‘the priests sit in their temples’. ̈ ‫‘ ܠܘܬ‬front of the gate’. LXX τὸν βῆλον ‘the Bel’. P ‫ܐܦܝ ܬܪܥܐ‬ perceived βηλός ‘threshold’. ‫‘ ܦܐܚ̈ܐ‬fruits’. LXX τὰ τυ α ‘husk’. ‫‘ ܠܛܠܝܡܐ ܢܫܟܚܘܢ ܠܡܦܨܝܘ ܡܢ ܡܢ ܕܥܫܝܢ ܡܢܗ‬save the oppressed from him who is stronger than he is’. LXX ύσωνται δι ούμ νον ‘deliver one who is wronged’. ‫‘ ܗܕܝܪ ܗܘ ܛܒ‬very glorious’. LXX ἐ ιφανῇ ὔο τός ἐστι ‘are readily seen’. ‫‘ ܘܢ ̈ܬܝܝܢ ܡܛܪܐ‬and they should go, bring rain’. LXX ἐ ι ο ύ σθαι ‘to march over’. ‫‘ ܕܒܪܐ‬the field’. Possible miscopying of an original ‫‘ ܕܕܒܪܐ‬of the field’. ‫‘ ܥܪܙܐܠ‬booth’. LXX φυλάσσον ‘guard’. ‫‘ ܢܬܚܐܠܘܢ‬they will be destroyed’. LXX β ωθήσονται ‘they will be eaten’.

The Second Epistle of Baruch 1:14

̈ ‫ܘܒܝܘܡܬܗ ܕܡܪܝܐ‬

‘and on the Lord’s days’. LXX αὶ ἐν ἡμέ αις αι οῦ ‘and on the days of a season’. P perceived not αι οῦ but ύ ιος. 2:29 ‫‘ ܥܡܐ‬people’. LXX βόμβησις ‘buzzing, humming’. P has translated for clarity, replacing the image with what it refers to. ̈ 3:16 ‫ܫܠܠܝܛܐ ܕܥܠܡܐ‬ ‘rulers of the world’. LXX ἄ χοντ ς τῶν ἐθνῶν ‘rulers of the nations’. Possibly a mistranslation, but probably an ISC, ̈ ‘nations’ having been miscopied. an original ‫ܕܥܡܡܐ‬ 5 See a file which can be downloaded from Gorgias Press for a list of places P has made omissions, additions, or made other changes from the LXX, but where misunderstanding or reinterpretation is unlikely.

XXVIII

Introduction to the Translation

Addendum 2: Inner-Syriac Corruption The references to Hebrew roots are all to Koehler Baumgartner (1994), The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament. Lamentations 2:5 ‫‘ ܬܘܢ ܝܐ‬story’. MT ‫‘ תאניה‬mourning’, derived from √II ‫‘ אנה‬to lament in grief’. An ISC is probable: an original ‫‘ ܬܘܝܐ‬repentance’ may have been corrupted to the existing form. 3:1 ‫‘ ܐܝܠ ܓܢܐܪܐ‬Mighty God’. MT ‫‘ אני הגבר‬I am the man’. ‫ ܐܝܠ‬is an unusual term for God in the OT Peshiṭta; where it is used, it usually renders the Hebrew ‫אל‬. ‫ ܐܝܠ ܓܢܐܪܐ‬is surely an ISC from an original ‫‘ ܐܐܢ ܓܐܪܐ‬I am the man’. 3:26 ‫‘ ܒܩܘܫܬܐ‬in truth’. MT ‫‘ ודומם‬and silently’. Possibly, an original ‫‘ ܒܫܬܩܐ‬in silence’ was miscopied. 3:54 ‫‘ ܐܬܪܚܩܬ‬I have fled far away’. MT ‫‘ נגזרתי‬I am cut off’. P is possibly an ISC of an original ‫‘ ܐܬܬܪܚܩܬ‬I was sent far away’ or of ‫‘ ܐܬܕܚܩܬ‬I was cast out’. 5:19 ‫‘ ܠܥܠܡ ܐܬܝܝܟ‬you … are everlasting’. MT ‫‘ לעולם תשב‬will sit (enthroned) for ever’. Possibly, an original ‫‘ ܬܝܒ‬you sit’ was miscopied as ‫ܐܬܝܝܟ‬. The Epistle of Jeremiah 17 ‫‘ ܕܚ̈ܥܝܗܘܢ‬their arms’: an original ‫‘ ܬܚ̈ܥܝܗܘܢ‬their gates’ may have been miscopied. LXX αἱ αὐλαὶ ‘courtyards’. 33 ‫‘ ܕܢܥܐܕܘܢ‬make’. LXX φ λέσθαι ‘to take away’: P’s reading probably results from miscopying an original ‫‘ ܕܢܥܐܪܘܢ‬depose/remove’. The Second Epistle of Baruch ̈ 3:16 ‫ܫܠܠܝܛܐ ܕܥܠܡܐ‬ ‘rulers of the world’. LXX ἄ χοντ ς τῶν ἐθνῶν ‘rulers of the nations’. Possibly a mistranslation, but probably an ISC, ̈ ‘nations’ having been miscopied. an original ‫ܕܥܡܡܐ‬ ̈ 4:6 ‫ܠܥܡܡܐ‬ ‫‘ ܡܛܠ ܕܐܙܕܟܬܝܘܢ‬For you were overpowered by the nations’. LXX ἐ άθητ τοῖς ἔθν σιν ‘You were sold to the nations’. The Syriac verb is probably an ISC of ‫‘ ܕܐܙܕܒܢܬܘܢ‬you were sold’.

APPENDIX 1: VERSIFICATION A. VERSIFICATION, THE MOSUL TEXT COMPARED WITH 7A1 1 Ms 7a1 Lamentations2 2:1 in 7a1 3:66 5:5

Begins with Mosul Last word of 1:22 Last word of 3:65 Second word of 5:5

B. VERSIFICATION, MOSUL COMPARED WITH THE SEPTUAGINT LXX3 Epistle of Jeremiah 1:0 1:1 The Second Epistle of Baruch 3:15 3:38

Mosul Letter of Jeremiah the Prophet: Mosul 1:1 Last 11 words of 1:1 Second word in 3:15 Last 10 words of 3:37

1 In some cases MT lacks a phrase that Mosul places with one verse and 7a1 with another. Since at the time of this Appendix Leiden had not published a critical edition of Jeremiah and Lamentations the exact place at which it will begin verses is sometimes uncertain. 2 MT 2:16,17 corresponds to P (7a1, Mosul) 2:17,16. MT 3:46–48 corresponds to P (7a1, Mosul) 3:49–51, and MT 49–51 to P (7a1, Mosul) 3:46–48. MT 4:16,17 corresponds to P (7a1, Mosul) 4:17,16. 3 The LXX is quoted according to Ziegler’s edition with his versification.

XXIX

APPENDIX 2: VARIANT READINGS The following table gives the variants of Mosul against 7a1. The penultimate column indicates the support for the Mosul reading as follows: early first millennium up to and including the tenth century. late post tenth century making use of Albrektson for Lamentations and Gurtner for 1 Ep. Bar (which he calls Second Baruch). See the Bibliography for the details of their studies. Lee Lee’s edition agrees with Mosul. Urmia The Urmia edition agrees with Mosul. no support Mosul’s reading is unique. Y 7a1’s reading is unique. Place Lamentations 1:10 1:17 1:19 1:20 2:9 2:13 2:15 2:17 2:18

Mosul

7a11

MS support for Mosul

‫ܒܟܢܘܫܬܟ‬ ‫ܐܝܕܝ̈ܗ‬ ‫ܣܦܘ ܒܓܘܝ‬ ‫ܕܡܡܪܡܪܘ‬ ‫ܘܐܦ‬ ‫ܘܠܡܢ‬ ‫ܚ̈ܫܝܗܘܢ‬ ‫ܐܫܟܚܢ‬ ‫ܕܫܘܚ̈ܐ‬ ‫ܕܡܥܬܟܝ‬

‫ܒܟܢܘܫܬܐ‬ ‫ܐܝ ̈ܕܝܗ‬ ‫ܒܓܘ ܣܦܘ‬ ‫ܕܡܪܡܪܘ‬ ‫ܐܦ‬ ‫ܘܡܢ‬ ‫ܒܪܝܫܝܗܘܢ‬

early no support early early early Lee, Urmia early early early early

pr waw

‫ܕܫܘܚ̈ܝܗ‬ ‫ܕܡܥܬܐ‬

7a1 unique

Y Y

In several places in Jeremiah Mosul has readings, otherwise unique to 7a1: 13:23 ‫;ܘܐܦ‬ 20:10 ‫ ;ܘܢܩܘܡ‬30:23 ‫ ;ܡܢܘ … ܚ ܝܠܬܐܢ‬32:11 ‫ ;ܫܛܪܐ‬50:16 ‫ ;ܘܐܘܒܕܘ‬50:45 (MT 50:46) ‫ܘܝܶܠܬܗ‬. Errors in 7a1 not cited above: Moab misspelled in 40:11. 1

XXXI

XXXII

Appendix 2: Variant Readings

Place

Mosul

7a11

2:19

‫ܠܘܩܐܠ‬ ̈ ‫ܢܦܫܬܐ‬ ̈‫ܫܘܩܐ‬ ‫ܦܐܚ̈ܝܗܝܢ‬ ̈ ‫ܘܝܠܠܘܕܐ‬ ‫ܒܡܫܟܢܗ‬ ‫ܘܐܦܢ‬ ‫ܐܬܝܒ‬ ‫ܘܢܬܒ‬ ‫ܥܠܝܢ‬ ̈ ‫ܒܥܠܕܒܐܝܢ‬ ‫ܘܕܢܬ‬ ̈ ‫ܡܐܐܢ‬

‫ܠܘܩܐܠܝ‬ ‫ܢܦܫܐ‬ ‫ܫܘ ̈ܩܝܗ‬ ‫̈ܒܢ ܝܗܝܢ‬ ‫ܝ̈ܠܘܕܐ‬ ‫ܒܡܩܕܫܗ‬

2:20

3:8 3:21 3:28 3:49 3:59 4:2 4:4 4:8 4:11 4:12 4:18

‫ܘܝܗܒ‬ ‫ܫܘܚܪܐ‬ ‫ܘܫܠܗܒܬܝܐ‬ ‫ܐܟܬ‬ ‫ܐܠ‬ ‫ܠܕܕܩܕܩܝܢ‬ ̈ ‫ܒܫܘܩܐ‬ ‫ܬܪܘܝܢ‬ ‫ܘܐܬܓܠܝܘ‬

om waw

‫ܐܬܝܐܝ‬

om waw

‫ܥܠܝ‬ ‫̈ܒܥܠܕܒܐܝ‬ om waw om seyāme (vid) om waw

‫ܫܚܘܚ̈ܐ‬ ‫ܘܐܟܬ‬ ‫ܘܐܠ‬ ‫ܠܕܩܕܩܝܢ‬ om seyāme

4:21 ‫ܕܬܕܘܝܢ‬ 4:22 om waw init The Prayer of Jeremiah 5 (Lamentations 5) 5:17 ‫ܡܛܠ‬ ‫ܘܡܛܠ‬ 5:22 ‫ܛܒ‬ ‫ܛܒ ܫܠܡ‬

Epistle of Jeremiah the Prophet Title ‫ܐܓܪܬܐ ܕܐܪܡܝܐ‬ 2 (7a1 3) 3 (7a1 4)

‫ܢܐܝܐ‬ ‫ܫܢ ̈ܝܐ‬ ̈ ‫ܘܕܟܐܦܐ‬ ‫ܕܡܫܬܩܠܝܢ‬ ‫ܘܡܚܘܝܢ‬

‫ܠܡܬܟܒ‬ ‫ܢܐܝܘܬܗ‬ ‫ܕܐܪܡܝܐ ܢܐܝܐ‬

‫ܬܘܒ ܐܓܪܬܐ‬ ‫ܕܐܪܡܝܐ‬ ‫̈ܫܢ ܝܢ‬ om seyāme

‫ܕܡܫܬܩܠ‬ ‫ܘܗܘܝܢ‬

MS support for Mosul early early early early Urmia early early early early early early late early early early early Lee, Urmia early early Urmia early Urmia late

7a1 unique Y Y Y

Y

Y

‫‪Appendix 2: Variant Readings‬‬

‫‪XXXIII‬‬

‫‪7a1‬‬ ‫‪unique‬‬

‫‪MS‬‬ ‫‪support for‬‬ ‫‪Mosul‬‬

‫‪7a11‬‬

‫ܒܪܝܫܐ‬ ‫‪seyāme‬‬

‫̈ܒܬܐ‬

‫‪om seyāme‬‬ ‫‪seyāme‬‬

‫ܕܡܢ‬ ‫‪om seyāme‬‬ ‫)‪(vid‬‬

‫̈‬ ‫ܕܒܚܬܐ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܕܒܚܬܗܘܢ‬ ‫ܘܟܕ‬ ‫ܓܪܝܥܝܢ‬ ‫ܢܗܡܝܢ‬ ‫ܢܦܨܘܢ‬ ‫ܘܥܠ‬

‫‪om seyāme‬‬

‫ܘܒܥܐ‬ ‫ܐܫܘܬܝܟܝ‬ ‫ܐܟܘܬܟܝ‬ ‫ܐܠ ܐܬܦܣܩ‬ ‫ܘܐܠ ܡܕܡ ܐܢܘܢ‬ ‫ܘܐܠ ܗܘܐ ܐܝܟ‬ ‫ܕܨܒܝܢ ܐܬܥܐܕܘ‬ ‫ܐܐܠ‬ ‫ܐܢ‬ ‫ܢܐܐܫܘܢ‬ ‫ܠܢܦܫܗܘܢ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܒܐܬܐ‬ ‫‪om‬‬

‫ܕܐܬܦܩܕ‬ ‫ܐܦ‬ ‫ܒܡܕܡ‬ ‫ܫܦܢܐ‬ ‫ܫܪܝܐ‬ ‫ܠܗ‬ ‫ܠܐܗܐ ܫܠܡܬ‬

‫‪Mosul‬‬

‫‪Place‬‬

‫ܒܪܫܐ‬ ‫ܠܙܢ ܬܝܐ‬ ‫ܒܬܝܐ‬ ‫ܚ̈ܚܫܐ‬ ‫ܘܠܐܘܫܗܘܢ‬ ‫ܘܡܢ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܡܬܝܐ‬ ‫ܡܢ ̈‬ ‫ܕܒܚܬܗܘܢ‬ ‫ܕܒܚ ̈ܝܗܘܢ‬ ‫ܟܕ‬ ‫ܓܙܝܙܝܢ‬ ‫ܘܢܗܡܝܢ‬ ‫ܢܦܩܘܢ‬ ‫ܥܠ‬ ‫ܐܚ̈ܡܠܬܐ‬ ‫ܘܒܥܝܢ‬ ‫ܐܫܘܝܟܝ‬ ‫ܐܟܘܬܝ‬ ‫ܐܬܦܣܩ‬ ‫ܐܐܠ‬

‫‪9‬‬ ‫)‪10 (7a1 11‬‬ ‫)‪19 (7a1 20‬‬

‫ܐܦ‬ ‫ܕܢܐܐܫܘܢ‬ ‫ܕܢܦܫܗܘܢ‬ ‫ܒܐܬܝ‬ ‫ܘܟܣܦܐ‬ ‫ܕܐܬܦܩܕܘ‬ ‫ܘܐܦ‬ ‫ܡܕܡ‬ ‫ܬܝܒܐ‬ ‫ܫܝܫܐ‬ ‫ܒܗ‬ ‫ܠܐܗܐ‬

‫)‪22 (7a1 23‬‬ ‫)‪26 (7a1 27‬‬ ‫)‪27 (7a1 28‬‬ ‫)‪30 (7a1 31‬‬ ‫)‪31 (7a1 32‬‬ ‫)‪36 (7a1 37‬‬ ‫)‪37 (7a1 38‬‬ ‫)‪40 (7a1 41‬‬ ‫‪43‬‬

‫‪45‬‬ ‫‪(Homo‬‬‫)‪eteleuton‬‬ ‫‪46‬‬ ‫)‪52 (7a1 53‬‬ ‫)‪53 (7a1 54‬‬ ‫)‪54 (7a1 55‬‬ ‫)‪57 (7a1 58‬‬ ‫)‪61 (7a1 62‬‬ ‫)‪62 (7a1 63‬‬ ‫)‪68 (7a1 69‬‬ ‫)‪70 (7a1 71‬‬ ‫)‪71 (7a1 72‬‬ ‫)‪72 (7a1 73‬‬

XXXIV

Place

Appendix 2: Variant Readings Mosul

7a11

‫ܐܓܪܬܐ ܕܐܪܡܝܐ‬ ‫ܢܐܝܐ‬ First Epistle of Baruch Title2 ‫ܕܒܪܘܟ‬

1:3 1:5 1:6 3:1 3:3 3:4 3:5

ܳ ‫ܐܓܪܬܐ‬ ‫ܬܘܒ ܐܓܪܬܐ‬ ‫ܩܕܡܬܝܐ ܕܒܪܘܟ ܣܦܪܐ ܕܫܕܪ ܡܢ‬ ‫ܣܦܪܐ ܕܫܕܪ ܡܢ ܐܘܪܫܠܡ ܠܐܐܠ‬ ‫ܓܘ ܐܘܪܫܠܡ‬ ‫ܠܐܐܠ‬ ‫ܕܬܝܝܪܐܬܝ‬ ‫ܬܝܝܪܐܬܝ‬ ‫ܕܬܫܬܒܘܢ‬ ‫ܕܬܫܬܘܢ‬ seyāme ‫ܕܠܛܐܬܟܘܢ‬ ̈ ‫ܥܫܝܢܬܐ‬ ‫ܫܪܝܪܬܐ‬ ‫ܐܬܡܨܝܢܢ‬ ‫ܐܬܡܨܝܢܢ‬ seyāme ‫ܒܩܪܒܐ‬ ̈ om waw init ‫ܘܐܦ ܐܠܚ ܝܗܘܢ‬ ‫ܘܐܫܬܚܪܢ ܚܢܢ‬ ‫ܘܐܫܬܚܪܢ‬

3:7 4:4

‫ܥܘܡܪܗ‬ ̈ ‫ܚܙܘܐܢ‬ ‫ܐܪܙܐ‬

‫ܥܘܡܪܝܗ‬ ‫ܚܙܘܐ‬ ‫ܪܐܙܐ‬

5:2

‫ܕܡܬܒܥ‬ ‫ܢܐܬܘܢ‬ ‫ܓܝܪ‬ ̈ ‫ܘܥܕܐܢ‬ ‫ܕܡܕܒܪܢܗ‬

‫ܕܡܬܬܒܥ‬ ‫ܕܢܐܬܘܢ‬

6:4 6:6 6:7

om

̈ ‫ܘܕܥܕܐܢ‬ ‫ܕܡܕܒܪܢܗ‬

MS support for Mosul

7a1 unique

no support

no support no support early late no support early early no support (some MSS omit everything) early no support ISC no support no support no support early early no support

2 7a1 in addition to the text of the Epistle of Baruch also presents the text of the Apocalypse of Baruch (which will appear with translation in another volume of the Antioch Bible) which contains a variant version of the material found in the Epistle of Baruch. That variant version is not referenced in this table (but see Appendix 4, Part 2).

‫‪Appendix 2: Variant Readings‬‬

‫‪XXXV‬‬

‫‪7a1‬‬ ‫‪unique‬‬

‫‪MS‬‬ ‫‪support for‬‬ ‫‪Mosul‬‬ ‫‪early‬‬ ‫‪late‬‬ ‫‪no support‬‬ ‫‪no support‬‬ ‫‪early‬‬ ‫‪no support‬‬ ‫‪no support‬‬ ‫‪early‬‬ ‫‪early‬‬ ‫‪no support‬‬ ‫‪no support‬‬ ‫‪early‬‬ ‫‪early‬‬ ‫‪early‬‬ ‫‪early‬‬

‫‪7a11‬‬ ‫‪both with‬‬ ‫‪seyāme‬‬ ‫‪seyāme‬‬

‫ܗܦܟܝܢ‬ ‫̈ܗܘܝܢ‬ ‫ܦܘܩܕܢ ܝ‬ ‫ܘܫܠܡ‬ ‫ܠܐܢ ̈ܝܗܘܢ‬ ‫ܗܫܐ ܡܕܡ‬ ‫ܐܣܗܕܘ‬ ‫ܕܡܕܡ ܕܙܕܩ‬ ‫ܘܡܪܕܬܝܗ‬ ‫ܘܐܠ ܡܐ‬ ‫ܐܠܪܘܚܬܐ‬ ‫‪seyāme‬‬

‫ܘܗܝܕܝܢ‬ ‫ܢ ܚܐ‬ ‫ܡܬܕܟܪ ܐܐܢ‬ ‫ܚܠܝܡܝܢ‬ ‫ܫܠܡܬ‬ ‫ܐܝܓܪܬܐ‬ ‫ܩܕܡܬܝܐ ܕܒܪܘܟ‬ ‫ܣܦܪܐ‬ ‫ܘܨܡܝܢ‬ ‫ܘܟܢܫ‬ ‫ܘܫܕܪ‬ ‫ܕܡܢ‬

‫‪om seyāme‬‬ ‫)‪(vid‬‬

‫ܕܕܡܪܝܐ‬ ‫ܝܘܡܐ‬ ‫ܐܝܠܝܢ‬ ‫ܘܗܘܝܢ ܠܢ‬ ‫ܕܙܕܝܩ ܗܘ‬ ‫ܒܚ ܝ ܐܠ‬

‫‪Mosul‬‬

‫‪Place‬‬

‫ܦܘܢܩܐ ܘܒܘܣܡܐ‬

‫‪6:15‬‬

‫ܚܛܘܦܝܐ‬ ‫ܗܦܟ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܗܘܝ‬ ‫ܦܩܕܢ ܝ‬ ‫ܘܐܫܠܡܘ‬ ‫ܠܐܢ ̈ܝܟܘܢ‬ ‫ܡܕܡ ܗܫܐ‬ ‫ܐܣܗܕ‬ ‫ܡܕܡ ܕܙܕܩ‬ ‫ܒܡܪܕܬܝܐ‬ ‫ܘܐܠ ܕܡܐ‬ ‫ܐܠܘܚ̈ܚܬܐ‬ ‫ܒܥܘܬܐ‬ ‫ܗܝܕܝܢ‬ ‫ܚ ̈ܝܐ‬ ‫ܐܐܢ ܡܬܕܟܪ ܐܐܢ‬ ‫ܚܠܝܡܝܢ‬

‫‪6:18‬‬ ‫‪6:22‬‬ ‫‪7:1‬‬ ‫‪7:9‬‬ ‫‪8:3‬‬ ‫‪8:6‬‬ ‫‪8:9‬‬ ‫‪8:10‬‬ ‫‪8:11‬‬ ‫‪8:12‬‬ ‫‪8:15‬‬ ‫‪9:3‬‬

‫‪The Second Epistle of Baruch‬‬ ‫‪1:5‬‬ ‫ܘܨܝܡܝܢ‬ ‫‪1:6‬‬ ‫ܘܟܢܫܘ‬ ‫‪1:7‬‬ ‫ܘܫܕܪܘ‬ ‫‪1:9 2nd‬‬ ‫ܡܢ‬ ‫‪1:10‬‬ ‫ܩܘܚ̈ܒܢܐ‬

‫ܕܡܪܝܐ‬ ‫ܕܝܘܡܐ‬ ‫ܐܠܝܠܝܢ‬ ‫ܘܗܘܝܢ‬ ‫ܕܙܕܝܩ‬ ‫ܘܒܚ ܝ ܐܠ‬

‫‪1:15‬‬ ‫‪2:4‬‬ ‫‪2:5‬‬ ‫‪2:9‬‬ ‫‪2:11‬‬

‫‪Appendix 2: Variant Readings‬‬ ‫‪7a1‬‬ ‫‪unique‬‬

‫‪MS‬‬ ‫‪support for‬‬ ‫‪Mosul‬‬

‫‪7a11‬‬

‫ܩܕܝܫܐ ܘܚܘܪ ܒܢ‬ ‫ܡܪܝܐ‬ ‫ܘܐܠ‬ ‫ܠܡܕܝ̈ܢܬܐ‬ ‫ܒܚܪܒܐ ܘܒܟܦܢܐ‬ ‫‪om‬‬

‫ܐܐܠ ܥܡܐ ܣܓܝܐܐ‬ ‫ܘܪܒܐ ܗܐܢ‬ ‫ܕܢܫܡܥܘܢ ܒܗܝܢ‬ ‫ܠܐܗܘܢ‬ ‫‪om‬‬ ‫‪possibly om‬‬ ‫‪seyāme‬‬ ‫‪seyāme‬‬

‫ܘܢܫܐܚܘܢܟ‬ ‫ܘܨܘܬܘ‬ ‫‪seyāme‬‬

‫ܕܚ ̈ܝܐ‬ ‫‪om‬‬

‫ܘܐܘܪܚܐ‬ ‫ܘܕܚܟܡܬܐ‬ ‫ܐܚܡܣܢܘܗ‬ ‫ܘܒܢ ̈ܝܗܘܢ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܒܢܝ‬ ‫ܐܘܪܚܐ ܕܝܢ‬ ‫)‪ (vid‬ܘܐܪܘܝ ܚ‬ ‫‪possibly om‬‬ ‫‪seyāme‬‬ ‫‪trans‬‬

‫ܒܐܘܪܚܗ‬ ‫ܕܐܙܕܒܢܬܘܢ‬ ‫‪trans‬‬ ‫‪om‬‬

‫ܓܝܪ ܒܚܕܘܬܐ‬

‫‪Mosul‬‬

‫‪XXXVI‬‬

‫‪Place‬‬

‫ܩܕܝܫܐ‬

‫‪2:16‬‬

‫ܐܐܠ‬ ‫ܒܡܕܝ̈ܢܬܐ‬ ‫ܒܟܦܢܐ ܘܒܚܪܒܐ‬ ‫ܒܢ ̈ܝ‬ ‫ܥܡܐ ܗܐܢ ܣܓܝܐܐ‬ ‫ܘܪܒܐ‬ ‫ܕܢܫܡܥܘܢ‬ ‫ܩܕܠܗܘܢ‬ ‫ܠܐܗܗܘܢ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܘܒܝܫܬܐ‬

‫‪2:18‬‬ ‫‪2:23‬‬ ‫‪2:25‬‬ ‫‪2:28‬‬ ‫‪2:29‬‬

‫ܘܣܠܟܘܬܐ‬ ‫ܘܢܫܐܚܟ‬ ‫ܘܨܘܬ‬ ‫ܢܘܓܪܐ‬ ‫ܕܚ ̈ܝܐ ܕܚ ̈ܝܐ‬ ‫ܗܘ‬ ‫ܐܘܪܚܐ‬ ‫ܕܪܚܡܬܐ‬ ‫ܚܡܣܢܘܗ‬ ‫ܘܒܢ ̈ܝܗ‬ ‫ܒܐܢ ̈ܝ‬ ‫ܐܘܪܚܐ‬ ‫ܘܪܘܝ ܚ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܥܢܢܐ‬ ‫ܐܚܪܝܢ ‪ /‬ܠܐܪ‬ ‫ܡܢܗ‬ ‫ܒܐܘܪܚܗ‬ ‫ܕܐܙܕܟܬܝܘܢ‬ ‫ܪܘܓܙܐ ‪ /‬ܕܐܬܐ‬ ‫ܥܠܝܟܘܢ‬ ‫ܠܐܗܐ‬ ‫ܒܚܕܘܬܐ‬

‫‪2:31‬‬ ‫‪2:33‬‬ ‫‪3:4‬‬ ‫‪3:5‬‬ ‫‪3:6‬‬ ‫‪3:9‬‬ ‫‪3:14‬‬

‫‪3:20‬‬ ‫‪3:21‬‬ ‫‪3:23‬‬ ‫‪3:24‬‬ ‫‪3:29‬‬ ‫‪3:36‬‬ ‫‪4:2‬‬ ‫‪4:6‬‬ ‫‪4:9‬‬ ‫‪4:9 1st‬‬ ‫‪4:11‬‬

‫‪Appendix 2: Variant Readings‬‬

‫‪XXXVII‬‬

‫‪7a1‬‬ ‫‪unique‬‬

‫‪MS‬‬ ‫‪support for‬‬ ‫‪Mosul‬‬

‫‪7a11‬‬ ‫‪om seyāme‬‬

‫ܕܐܥܗܕܟܘܢ‬ ‫ܘܡܢ ܐܝ̈ܕܝ‬ ‫̈ܫܠܝܛܢܐ ܘܡܢ‬ ‫ܠܝ‬ ‫ܦܪܘܩܗܘܢ‬ ‫ܚܙܘ‬ ‫ܫܐܬܝܟܘܢ‬ ‫ܢ ܚܙܘܢ‬ ‫ܦܘܪܩܢܟܘܢ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܥܣܩܬܐ‬ ‫‪seyāme‬‬

‫ܘܐܬܒܕܪܘ‬ ‫ܡܢ ܐܝ ̈ܕܝ‬ ‫ܕܫܥܐܕ‬ ‫‪om‬‬ ‫‪om seyāme‬‬ ‫)‪(vid‬‬

‫ܟܗܘܢ‬ ‫ܕܠܐܗܢ ܫܠܡܬ‬ ‫ܐܝܓܪܬܐ ܕܬܚ̈ܬܝܢ‬ ‫ܕܒܪܘܟ‬

‫‪Mosul‬‬

‫‪Place‬‬

‫̈‬ ‫ܒܫܐܝܐܠ‬ ‫ܕܐܥܕܪܟܘܢ‬ ‫ܘܡܢ‬

‫‪4:13‬‬ ‫‪4:17‬‬ ‫‪4:21‬‬

‫ܥܠܝ‬ ‫ܦܪܘܩܟܘܢ‬ ‫ܚܕܘ‬ ‫ܒܫܐܬܝܟܘܢ‬ ‫ܢ ܚܕܘܢ‬ ‫ܒܦܘܪܩܢܟܘܢ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܩܫܬܝܐ‬ ‫ܕܥܪܡܐ‬ ‫ܐܬܒܕܪܘ‬ ‫ܡܢ‬ ‫ܕܫܥܐܕܘ‬ ‫ܘܐܬܝܢ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܒܥܠܕܒܐܐ‬

‫‪4:22‬‬

‫‪4:32‬‬ ‫‪5:5‬‬ ‫‪5:6‬‬

‫ܘܟܗܘܢ‬ ‫ܕܠܐܗܢ‬

‫‪5:7‬‬ ‫‪5:9‬‬

‫‪4:24‬‬

‫‪4:26‬‬

APPENDIX 3: NAMES This Appendix is limited to Lamentations since the other books in this volume were translated from Greek texts. In those translations P used standard Syriac names rather than seeking to reproduce the spelling of the Greek. Instances involving gentilics are generally ignored in this Appendix. Common Syriac Proper Names P uses:

‫ ܐܘܪܫܠܡ‬for Hebrew ‫ירושלם‬, e.g. Lam. 1:7. ‫ ܝܗܘܕܐ‬for Hebrew ‫יהודה‬, e.g. Lam. 1:3. ‫ ܝܣܪܝܠ‬for Hebrew ‫ישראל‬, e.g. Lam. 2:1. ‫ ܝܥܩܘܒ‬for Hebrew ‫יעקב‬, e.g. Lam. 1:17. ‫ ܣܕܘܡ‬for Hebrew ‫סדם‬, e.g. Lam. 4:6. ‫ ܨܗܝܘܢ‬for Hebrew ‫ציון‬, e.g. Lam. 1:4.

XXXIX

APPENDIX 4 Part 1 indicates places where there is a Peshiṭta text in Lamentations which agrees with MT against Mosul and the majority of the MSS. Part 2 lists differences between the (first) Letter of Baruch as found in Mosul with 7a1 as found in folios 176v–177v and as part of the Apocalypse of Baruch folios 265v–267r.

PART 1 There are several places in Lamentations where manuscript 9a1,1 usually with support of its family and infrequently with the support of some other ancient manuscript, has a reading which follows the Masoretic Text against the reading found in the other extant manuscripts and in Mosul.2 The following are among the more important of these: Place3 1:18 2:1 2:5 2:7 3:12 3:14 3:18

Mosul ‘heard’ or ‘Hear’ ‘his fierce anger’: lit. ‘the heat of his anger’ ‘the enemy’ ‘his sanctuary … his altar’ ‘and delivered up’ ‘arrows’ ‘among’ ‘successes’

MT P 4 ‘Hear, I pray you’ ‘his anger’ ‘like an enemy’ ‘his altar … his sanctuary’ ‘delivered up’ ‘arrow’ ‘for’ ‘success’ (with sing.verb)

Ms or. 58 of the Bibl. Medicea Laurenziana, Florence. For a discussion of these issues see Greenberg, Jeremiah, 126–142 and Walter, ‘Manuscript Relations for the Peshitta Text of Jeremiah’, Text, Translation, and Tradition, 231– 253. See also at length Walter, Studies in the Peshiṭta of Kings, Part I. 3 The places cited are as found in Mosul; see Appendix 1 for a comparison with MT. 4 P refers to some support from Peshiṭta manuscripts (usually 9a1, cited as F by Albrektson in his Studies in the Text … of Lamentations, pp. 41–54), from manuscripts before the 10th century which have at least one agreement with MT against Mosul which is not a case of singular/plural or the presence or absence of a conjunction. 1 2

XLI

Appendix 4

XLII

Place3 3:225 4:3 4:8 4:10 4:12 5:9

Mosul ‘inexhaustible … fail’ ‘suckled’ (sing.) lit. ‘and it was’ lit. ‘and they were’ ‘enemy … oppressor’ ‘in the wilderness’

MT P 4 ‘fail … inexhaustible’ ‘suckled’ (pl.) ‘it was’ ‘they were’ ‘oppressor … enemy’ ‘of the wilderness’

PART 2 Differences between the First Epistle of Baruch as found in Mosul from 7a1 as found in folios 176v–177v and as part of the Apocalypse of Baruch folios 265v–267r. Mosul Title

1:1

1:2

Mosul

7a1 176v–177v

Paragraph 73

Paragraph 78

‫ܐܓܪܬܐ ܕܒܪܘܟ‬ ‫ܣܦܪܐ ܕܫܕܪ ܡܢ‬ ‫ܐܘܪܫܠܡ ܠܐܐܠ‬

‫ܬܘܒ ܐܓܪܬܐ‬ ‫ܩܕܡܬܝܐ ܕܒܪܘܟ‬ ‫ܣܦܪܐ ܕܫܕܪ ܡܢ‬ ‫ܓܘ ܐܘܪܫܠܡ‬ ‫ܠܐܐܠ‬

‫ܐܓܪܬܐ ܕܒܪܘܟ ܒܪ‬ ‫ܢܪܝܐ ܕܬܟܒ‬ ̈ ‫ܠܬܫܥܐ‬ ‫ܫܐܛܝܢ‬ ‫ܘܦܠܓܗ‬

̈ ‫ܦܬܓܡܐ‬ ‫ܘܗܠܝܢ‬ ‫ܕܫܕܪ‬

̈ ‫ܦܬܓܡܐ‬ ‫ܘܗܠܝܢ‬ ‫ܕܫܕܪ‬

‫ܦܪܬ‬ ‫ܕܬܟܝ̈ܐܢ‬ ̈ ‫ܗܘܝ‬ ‫ܚ̈ܚܡܐ ܘܫܠܡܐ‬

‫ܦܪܬ‬ ‫ܕܬܟܝ̈ܐܢ‬ ̈ ‫ܗܘܝ‬ ‫ܚ̈ܚܡܐ ܘܫܠܡܐ‬

‫ܗܠܝܢ ܐܢܘܢ‬ ‫ܦܬܓ ̈ܡܐ ܕܐܓܪܬܐ‬ ‫ܗܝ ܕܫܕܪ‬

‫ܕܒܪܢ‬ ‫ܕܬܝܝܪܐܬܝ‬ ‫ܕܗܐ‬ ‫ܕܐܓܪܬܐ ܗܕܐ‬ ‫ܡܬܒܝܐܝܢ‬ ‫ܕܓܕܫܬ‬ ‫ܬܘܒ‬ ‫ܬܘܒ ܕܝܢ ܐܦ‬

‫ܕܒܪܢ‬ ‫ܬܝܝܪܐܬܝ‬ ‫ܕܗܐ‬ ‫ܕܐܓܪܬܐ ܗܕܐ‬ ‫ܡܬܒܝܐܝܢ‬ ‫ܕܓܕܫܬ‬ ‫ܬܘܒ‬ ‫ܬܘܒ ܕܝܢ ܐܦ‬

lacking 1:3 1:4 1:5

1:6

5

7a1 265v–267v

This case is arguable.

lacking

Paragraph 78

lacking

‫ܕܬܟܝܐܝܢ‬ ‫ܗܘܘ‬ ‫ܚ̈ܚܡܐ ܐܦ ܫܠܡܐ‬ ‫ܢܗܘܐ ܠܟܘܢ‬ ‫ܕܒܪܢ ܝ‬ ‫ܬܝܝܪܐܬܝ‬ ‫ܕܠܘ‬ ‫ܕܗܕܐ ܐܓܪܬܐ‬ ‫ܡܬܒܝܐܢ‬ ‫ܕܓܕܫ‬ ‫ܘܬܘܒ‬ ‫ܘܬܘܒ ܕܝܢ‬

‫‪Appendix 4‬‬

‫‪XLIII‬‬

‫‪7a1 265v–267v‬‬

‫‪7a1 176v–177v‬‬

‫‪seyāme‬‬

‫‪seyāme‬‬

‫ܚܫܬܘܢ‬ ‫ܡܬܕܒܪ ܗܘ ܠܟܘܢ‬ ‫ܢܛܥܐ‬ ‫ܢܫܐܘܩ ܙܪܥܐ‬ ‫ܠܟܘܠܗܘܢ ܐܝܠܝܢ‬

‫ܗܘ ܚܫܬܘܢ‬ ‫ܡܬܕܒܪ ܠܟܘܢ‬ ‫ܢܛܥܝܢ‬ ‫ܢܫܐܩܢ‬ ‫ܐܠܝܠܝܢ‬

‫ܩܕܡܝ‬

‫ܠܘܩܕܡ‬ ‫ܕܥܐܕܢ‬ ‫ܦܘܩܕܐܢ‬ ‫ܐܐܠ ܐܦ ܠܢ ܐܕܪܟ‬ ‫ܡܕܡ‬

‫ܠܘܩܕܡ‬ ‫ܕܥܐܕܢ‬ ‫ܦܘܩܕܐܢ‬ ‫ܐܐܠ ܐܦ ܠܢ ܐܕܪܟ‬ ‫ܡܕܡ‬

‫‪Paragraph 80‬‬

‫‪Paragraph 75‬‬

‫ܕܬܫܬܒܘܢ‬ ‫ܡܢ ܡܐ‬

‫‪Paragraph 79‬‬ ‫‪seyāme‬‬ ‫‪seyāme‬‬

‫ܐܐܠ ܐܦ ܐܠ ܪܕܢ ܐܝܟ‬ ‫ܕܫܘܝܢ ̈ܗܘܝܢ ܡܕܡ‬ ‫ܓܝܪ‬ ‫‪Paragraph 80‬‬ ‫‪lacking‬‬

‫ܚܣܢܗ‬ ‫ܘܗܓܡ‬ ‫ܙܘܬܝܗ‬ ‫ܫܪܝܪܬܐ‬ ‫̈ܡܐܢ ܝ ܩܘܕܫܐ‬ ‫‪lacking‬‬

‫ܕܙܟܐ‬

‫ܐܬܡܨܝܢܢ‬ ‫‪lacking‬‬

‫ܕܬܫܬܘܢ‬ ‫ܡܢ ܡܕܡ‬

‫‪Paragraph 79‬‬

‫‪Mosul‬‬

‫ܕܬܫܬܒܘܢ‬ ‫ܡܢ ܡܕܡ‬ ‫ܕܠܛܐܬܟܘܢ‬ ‫ܗܘ ܚܫܬܘܢ‬ ‫ܡܬܕܒܪ ܠܟܘܢ‬ ‫ܢܛܥܝܢ‬ ‫ܢܫܐܩܢ‬ ‫ܐܠܝܠܝܢ‬

‫ܒܩܪܒܐ‬ ‫ܐܦ‬ ‫ܐܠܚ ̈ܝܟܘܢ‬ ‫ܚܢܢ‬ ‫ܥܘܡܪܝܗ‬ ‫ܕܡܥܝܩܝܢ‬

‫‪seyāme‬‬

‫ܒܩܪܒܐ‬

‫ܐܦ‬ ‫ܐܠܚ ̈ܝܗܘܢ‬ ‫ܥܘܡܪܝܗ‬ ‫ܕܡܥܩܝܢ‬

‫ܘܐܦ‬ ‫ܐܠܚ ̈ܝܗܘܢ‬ ‫ܚܢܢ‬ ‫ܥܘܡܪܗ‬ ‫ܕܡܥܩܝܢ‬

‫‪Paragraph 81‬‬

‫‪Paragraph 81‬‬

‫‪Paragraph 76‬‬

‫ܘܒܥܬܝ‬ ‫ܕܗܠܝܢ ܥܕܡܐ‬ ‫ܐܠܚܪܬܝܐ‬

‫ܘܒܥܐ‬ ‫ܕܥܕܡܐ ܐܠܡܬܝ‬ ‫ܗܠܝܢ‬

‫‪1:7‬‬

‫‪Paragraph 74‬‬

‫ܡܘܕܥ ܐܐܢ ܠܟܘܢ ܕ ܡܘܕܥ ܐܐܢ ܠܟܘܢ ܕ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܚܣܢܘܗܝ‬ ‫ܚܣܢܘܗܝ‬ ‫ܘܗܓܡܘ‬ ‫ܘܗܓܡܘ‬ ‫ܙܘܬܝܐ‬ ‫ܙܘܬܝܐ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܥܫܝܢܬܐ‬ ‫ܫܪܝܪܬܐ‬ ‫ܡܐܐܢ ܡܢ ܡܐܐܢ̈‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܡܐܐܢ ܡܢ ܡܐܐܢ̈‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܕܩܘܕܫܐ‬ ‫ܕܩܘܕܫܐ‬ ‫ܠܗܘܢ‬ ‫ܠܗܘܢ‬ ‫ܕܐܙܕܟܝ‬ ‫ܕܐܙܕܟܝ‬ ‫ܐܬܡܨܝܢܢ‬ ‫ܐܬܡܨܝܢܢ‬ ‫ܒܚ ܝ ܐܠ‬ ‫ܒܚ ܝ ܐܠ‬

‫‪lacking‬‬

‫‪Mosul‬‬

‫ܘܒܥܐ‬ ‫ܕܥܕܡܐ ܐܠܡܬܝ‬ ‫ܗܠܝܢ‬

‫‪2:1‬‬ ‫‪2:2‬‬ ‫‪2:2-3‬‬

‫‪3:1‬‬

‫‪3:2‬‬ ‫‪3:3‬‬ ‫‪Updated‬‬

‫‪3:4‬‬ ‫‪3:5‬‬ ‫‪3:7‬‬

‫‪4:2‬‬ ‫‪4:3‬‬

‫‪Appendix 4‬‬

‫‪XLIV‬‬

‫‪7a1 265v–267v‬‬

‫‪7a1 176v–177v‬‬

‫‪Mosul‬‬

‫‪Paragraph 82‬‬

‫‪Paragraph 82‬‬

‫‪Paragraph 77‬‬

‫ܘܥܐܕ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܚܙܘܐܢ‬ ‫ܚ̈ܐܙܐ‬

‫ܕ ̈‬ ‫ܥܩܬܐ‬ ‫ܬܗܘܘܢ‬ ‫ܕܡܬܒܥ‬ ‫‪lacking‬‬

‫ܕܟܠ ܡܐ ܕܥܐܕܘ‬ ‫ܠܢ ܘܒܢ‬ ‫ܘܕܬܝܝܪܬܝ‬ ‫ܕܢܐܬܘܢ‬ ‫ܗܫܐ ܓܝܪ ܚܙܝܢܢ‬ ‫ܕܡܨܠܚܢܘܬܐ‬ ‫ܠܛܢܦܬܐ‬ ‫ܫܪܪܗ‬ ‫ܫܢܐ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܩܝܡܘܗܝ‬ ‫ܕܝܐܝܘܬܗܘܢ‬ ‫‪seyāme‬‬

‫ܓܠܠܐܠ‬ ‫ܫܘܒܗܪܐ‬ ‫ܒܛܝܐܘܬܗ ܕܠܐܗܐ‬ ‫ܗܘ ܕܝܗܒ ܠܗܘܢ‬ ‫‪Paragraph 83‬‬

‫ܕܥܐܕ‬ ‫ܚܙܘܐ‬ ‫ܪܐܙܐ‬

‫ܕ ̈‬ ‫ܥܩܬܟܘܢ‬ ‫ܗܘܬܝܘܢ‬ ‫ܕܡܬܬܒܥ‬ ‫ܠܢ‬ ‫ܟܡܐ ܕܥܐܕܘ ܠܢ‬

‫ܕ ̈‬ ‫ܥܩܬܟܘܢ‬ ‫ܗܘܬܝܘܢ‬ ‫ܕܡܬܒܥ‬ ‫ܠܢ‬ ‫ܟܡܐ ܕܥܐܕܘ ܠܢ‬

‫ܐܦ ܕܬܝܝܪܐܬܝ‬ ‫ܕܢܐܬܘܢ‬ ‫ܗܐ ܓܝܪ ܚܙܝܢܢ‬ ‫ܗܫܐ‬ ‫ܕܡܨܠܚܢܘܬܗܘܢ‬ ‫ܠܢܘܛܦܬܐ‬ ‫ܫܘܪܪܗ‬ ‫ܫܥܐ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܦܘܩܕܢܘܗܝ‬ ‫ܕܚ ܝܘܬܗܘܢ‬ ‫ܒܛܢܦܘܬܐ‬ ‫ܓܐܠ‬ ‫ܫܘܦܪܐ‬ ‫ܒܛܝܐܘܬܗ ܕܗܘ‬ ‫ܕܝܗܒ ܠܗܘܢ‬

‫ܐܦ ܕܬܝܝܪܐܬܝ‬ ‫ܢܐܬܘܢ‬ ‫ܗܐ ܓܝܪ ܚܙܝܢ ܚܢܢ‬ ‫ܗܫܐ‬ ‫ܕܡܨܠܚܢܘܬܗܘܢ‬ ‫ܠܢܘܛܦܬܐ‬ ‫ܫܘܪܪܗ‬ ‫ܫܥܐ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܦܘܩܕܢܘܗܝ‬ ‫ܕܚ ܝܘܬܗܘܢ‬ ‫ܒܛܢܦܘܬܐ‬ ‫ܓܐܠ‬ ‫ܫܘܦܪܐ‬ ‫ܒܛܝܐܘܬܗ ܕܗܘ‬ ‫ܕܝܗܒ ܠܗܘܢ‬

‫‪Paragraph 83‬‬

‫̈‬ ‫ܕܒܛܘܫܝܐ‬ ‫ܕܚܛܗܐ ܗܘܘ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܕܒܬܘܘܐܢ ܕܟܘܠܗܘܢ ܕܒܬܘܐܢ ܕܒܠܟܗܘܢ‬ ‫ܕܒܪܢܫܐ‬ ‫ܕܒܪܘܫܥܐ‬ ‫‪lacking‬‬ ‫‪lacking‬‬

‫̈‬ ‫ܒܦܘܢܩܝܗܘܢ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܕܥܡܡܐ ܕܗܫܐ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܘܥܕܐܢ‬ ‫ܕܡܕܒܪܢܗ‬ ‫ܫܘܠܡܗ‬ ‫‪no seyāme‬‬

‫ܕܥܐܕ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܚܙܘܐܢ‬ ‫ܐܪܙܐ‬

‫‪lacking‬‬

‫ܠܢ‬ ‫ܗܫܐ ܒܦܘܢܩܗܘܢ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܕܥܡܡܐ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܘܕܥܕܐܢ‬ ‫ܕܡܕܒܪܢܗ‬ ‫ܒܫܘܠܡܗ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܥܠܠܡܐ‬

‫‪Paragraph 78‬‬

‫ܕܒܛܘܫܝܐ‬ ‫ܕܒܬܘܐܢ ܕܒܠܟܗܘܢ‬ ‫ܕܒܪܢܫܐ‬ ‫ܓܝܪ‬ ‫ܠܢ‬ ‫ܗܫܐ ܒܦܘܢܩܗܘܢ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܕܥܡܡܐ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܘܥܕܐܢ‬ ‫ܕܡܕܒܪܢܗ‬ ‫ܒܫܘܠܡܗ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܥܠܠܡܐ‬

‫‪Mosul‬‬ ‫‪4:4‬‬

‫‪5:1‬‬ ‫‪5:2‬‬

‫‪5:3‬‬

‫‪5:4‬‬ ‫‪5:5‬‬ ‫‪5:6‬‬ ‫‪5:7‬‬ ‫‪5:8‬‬ ‫‪5:9‬‬

‫‪6:2‬‬ ‫‪6:3‬‬ ‫‪6:4‬‬ ‫‪6:5‬‬ ‫‪6:6‬‬ ‫‪6:7‬‬ ‫‪6:8‬‬

‫‪Appendix 4‬‬

‫‪XLV‬‬

‫‪7a1 265v–267v‬‬

‫‪7a1 176v–177v‬‬

‫‪Mosul‬‬

‫ܕܐܫܬܒܬܝܘܢ ܗܪܟܐ‬ ‫ܘܬܡܢ‬ ‫ܬܘܒ ܛܐܬܐ‬ ‫ܡܠܝܐܬܝ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܠܕܐܘܘܐܢ‬ ‫ܘܫܘܠܡܐ‬ ‫ܚܘܬܪܐ‬ ‫ܕܫܐܪܢܘܬܐ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܘܒܘܣܡܐ‬ ‫ܦܘܢ̈ܩܐ‬ ‫ܠܪܡܘܬܐ‬ ‫ܕܫܐܗܚ̈ܐܢ‬ ‫ܫܠܝܐ‬ ‫ܕܥܘܬܪܐ‬

‫ܕܗܫܐ ܐܫܬܒܬܝܘܢ‬ ‫ܘܬܘܒ‬ ‫ܛܐܬܐ ܬܘܒ‬ ‫ܓܡܝܪܐܬܝ‬ ‫ܠܕܐܘܘܐܐܢ‬ ‫ܘܠܫܘܠܡܐ‬ ‫ܐܘܚܕܐܢ‬ ‫ܕܫܐܗܪܢܘܬܐ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܘܒܘܣܡܐ‬ ‫ܦܘܢ̈ܩܐ‬ ‫ܠܪܡܬܐ‬ ‫ܕܫܘܒܗܪܐ‬ ‫ܘܠܫܬܩܐ‬ ‫ܘܥܘܬܪܐ‬

‫‪seyāme‬‬

‫‪seyāme‬‬

‫ܕܗܫܐ ܐܫܬܒܬܝܘܢ‬ ‫ܘܬܘܒ‬ ‫ܛܐܬܐ ܬܘܒ‬ ‫ܓܡܝܪܐܬܝ‬ ‫ܠܕܘܘܐܢ‬ ‫ܘܠܫܘܠܡܐ‬ ‫ܐܘܚܕܐܢ‬ ‫ܕܫܐܗܪܢܘܬܐ‬ ‫ܦܘܢܩܐ ܘܒܘܣܡܐ‬ ‫ܠܪܡܬܐ‬ ‫ܕܫܘܒܗܪܐ‬ ‫ܘܠܫܬܩܐ‬ ‫ܘܥܘܬܪܐ‬ ‫ܚܛܘܦܝܐ‬ ‫ܗܦܟ‬ ‫ܕܗܫܐ‬ ‫ܨܢ ܝܥܘܬܐ‬ ‫ܘܚܪܥܘܬܐ‬ ‫ܕܫܘܩܪܐ‬ ‫ܠܚܣܕܐ‬ ‫ܒܩܘܫܬܐ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܗܘܝ‬ ‫ܗܠܝܢ ܗܟܝܠ‬ ‫ܐܐܢ‬

‫ܗܐ‬ ‫ܕܡܬܝܚ̈ܬܐ‬ ‫ܦܩܕܢ ܝ ܓܝܪ‬ ‫ܥܠ‬ ‫ܬܬܢܛܪܘܢ‬ ‫ܐܐܠ ܐܦ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܫܐܛܝܢ‬ ‫ܡܛܠ‬ ‫ܗܠܝܢ‬ ‫ܩܕܡ‬ ‫ܬܛܦܝܣܘܢ‬ ‫ܒܬܝ‬

‫ܗܐ‬ ‫ܕܡܬܝܚ̈ܬܐ‬ ‫ܦܩܕܢ ܝ ܓܝܪ‬ ‫ܥܠ‬ ‫ܬܬܢܛܪܘܢ‬ ‫ܐܐܠ ܐܦ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܫܐܛܝܢ‬ ‫ܡܛܠ‬ ‫ܗܠܝܢ‬ ‫ܩܕܡ‬ ‫ܬܬܛܦܝܣܘܢ‬ ‫ܒܬܝ‬

‫ܗܦܟܝܢ‬

‫‪lacking‬‬

‫ܨܢܥܬܐ‬ ‫ܕܚܪܥܘܬܐ‬ ‫‪lacking‬‬ ‫‪seyāme‬‬

‫ܒܫܬܩܐ‬ ‫̈ܗܘܝ‬ ‫‪transpose‬‬

‫ܐܢܬ‬

‫‪Paragraph 84‬‬ ‫‪lacking‬‬

‫ܕܬܝܝܪܐܬܝ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܦܘܩܕܢ ܝ‬ ‫‪lacking‬‬

‫ܬܬܢܨܒܘܢ‬ ‫ܘܐܦ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܫܐܛܐ‬ ‫ܘܡܛܘܠ‬ ‫ܐܝܠܝܢ‬ ‫ܩܕܝܡ‬ ‫ܬܛܦܝܣܘܢ‬ ‫ܒܝܢ ̈ܝ‬

‫ܗܦܟܝܢ‬ ‫ܕܗܫܐ‬ ‫ܨܢ ܝܥܘܬܐ‬ ‫ܘܚܪܥܘܬܐ‬ ‫ܕܫܘܩܪܐ‬ ‫ܠܚܣܕܐ‬ ‫ܒܩܘܫܬܐ‬ ‫̈ܗܘܝܢ‬ ‫ܗܠܝܢ ܗܟܝܠ‬ ‫ܐܢܫ‬

‫‪Paragraph 84‬‬

‫‪Paragraph 79‬‬

‫‪Mosul‬‬

‫‪6:9‬‬ ‫‪6:11‬‬ ‫‪6:12‬‬ ‫‪6:13‬‬ ‫‪6:15‬‬ ‫‪6:16‬‬ ‫‪6:17‬‬ ‫‪6:18‬‬

‫‪6:19‬‬ ‫‪6:21‬‬

‫‪6:22‬‬

‫‪7:1‬‬

‫‪7:2‬‬ ‫‪7:3‬‬ ‫‪7:4‬‬ ‫‪7:5‬‬ ‫‪7:6‬‬ ‫‪7:7‬‬

‫‪Appendix 4‬‬

‫‪XLVI‬‬

‫‪7a1 265v–267v‬‬

‫‪7a1 176v–177v‬‬

‫‪Mosul‬‬

‫‪Paragraph 85‬‬ ‫‪lacking‬‬

‫‪Paragraph 85‬‬

‫‪Paragraph 80‬‬

‫̈‬ ‫ܥܗܝܕܝܢ‬ ‫ܥܗܝܕܝܢ‬ ‫ܦܘܩܕܢܘܗܝ‬ ‫ܥܗܕܝܢ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܠܦܘܩܕܢܘܗܝ‬ ‫ܠܦܘܩܕܢܘܗܝ‬ ‫ܐܝܟܢܐ ܕܐܦ‬ ‫ܐܝܟܢܐ ܕܐܦ‬ ‫ܘܕܐܝܟܢܐ ܐܦ‬ ‫ܠܨܗܝܘܢ ܘܠܢܡܘܣܐ ܠܢܡܘܣܐ ܘܠܨܗܝܘܢ ܠܢܡܘܣܐ ܘܠܨܗܝܘܢ‬ ‫ܘܐܠܪܥܐ‬ ‫ܘܐܠܪܥܐ‬ ‫ܐܦ ܐܠܪܥܐ‬ ‫ܘܐܫܠܡܘ‬ ‫ܘܫܠܡ‬ ‫ܘܐܫܠܡܘ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܠܐܢ ܝܟܘܢ‬ ‫ܠܐܢ ܝܗܘܢ‬ ‫ܠܐܢ ̈ܝܟܘܢ‬ ‫ܐܝܟܢܐ‬ ‫ܐܝܟܢܐ‬ ‫ܐܝܟ‬ ‫‪lacking‬‬ ‫ܐܡܝܢܐܬܝ‬ ‫ܐܡܝܢܐܬܝ‬ ‫ܐܠܒܗܝ̈ܢ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܘܚܣܝܐ‬ ‫ܠܗܘܢ‬ ‫ܘܡܚܣܐ ܗܘܐ‬ ‫ܐܦ‬ ‫ܐܪܥܢ‬ ‫ܡܕܡ ܗܫܐ‬ ‫ܟܡܕܡ‬ ‫‪lacking‬‬

‫ܕܐܘܒܕܢ ܚܢܢ‬ ‫̈ܗܘܝ‬ ‫̈ܡܬܚܐܠܢ‬ ‫ܐܣܗܕ‬ ‫ܕܫܘܠܛܢܐ‬ ‫ܘܬܘܒ‬ ‫ܕܝܢ ܐܦ‬ ‫ܕܝܢܗ‬ ‫ܕܡܕܡ ܕܠܗ ܙܕܩ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܩܪܝܐܐ ܗܝ‬ ‫ܘܡܪܕܬܝܗ‬ ‫ܕܡܐ‬ ‫‪lacking‬‬ ‫‪transpose‬‬

‫ܐܠܪܘܚܬܐ‬ ‫ܝܗܒܐ‬

‫ܠܗܢܘܢ‬ ‫ܐܒܗܝ̈ܢ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܚܣܝܐ‬ ‫ܨܠܘܬܗܘܢ‬ ‫ܘܡܚܣܐ‬ ‫ܘܐܦ‬ ‫ܐܪܥܐ‬ ‫ܗܫܐ ܡܕܡ‬ ‫ܟܠ‬ ‫ܘܕܡܬܝܚ̈ܢ ܣܓܝ‬ ‫ܡܢ ܐܝܠܝܐ ܕܐܘܒܕܢ‬ ‫ܕܐܘܒܕܢ‬ ‫ܗܘ‬ ‫ܡܬܚܐܠ‬ ‫ܐܣܗܕܘ‬ ‫ܘܫܘܠܛܢܐ‬ ‫ܬܘܒ‬ ‫ܕܝܢ‬ ‫ܕܝܢܐ‬ ‫ܕܡܕܡ ܕܙܕܩ ܠܗ‬ ‫ܘܩܪܝܐܐ‬ ‫ܘܡܪܕܬܝܐ‬ ‫ܡܐ‬ ‫ܟܕ‬ ‫ܬܘܒ ܠܬܝ‬ ‫ܐܠܪܘܚܬܐ‬ ‫ܝܗܘܒܐ‬

‫ܠܗܢܘܢ‬ ‫ܐܒܗܝ̈ܢ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܚܣܝܐ‬ ‫ܨܠܘܬܗܘܢ‬ ‫ܘܡܚܣܐ‬ ‫ܘܐܦ‬ ‫ܐܪܥܐ‬ ‫ܡܕܡ ܗܫܐ‬ ‫ܟܠ‬ ‫ܘܕܡܬܝܚ̈ܢ ܣܓܝ‬ ‫ܡܢ ܐܝܠܝܐ ܕܐܘܒܕܢ‬ ‫ܕܐܘܒܕܢ‬ ‫ܗܘ‬ ‫ܡܬܚܐܠ‬ ‫ܐܣܗܕ‬ ‫ܘܫܘܠܛܢܐ‬ ‫ܬܘܒ‬ ‫ܕܝܢ‬ ‫ܕܝܢܐ‬ ‫ܡܕܡ ܕܙܕܩ ܠܗ‬ ‫ܘܩܪܝܐܐ‬ ‫ܒܡܪܕܬܝܐ‬ ‫ܕܡܐ‬ ‫ܟܕ‬ ‫ܬܘܒ ܠܬܝ‬ ‫ܐܠܘܚ̈ܚܬܐ‬ ‫ܝܗܘܒܐ‬

‫‪Mosul‬‬

‫‪7:8‬‬ ‫‪7:9‬‬

‫‪7:10‬‬ ‫‪8:1‬‬

‫‪8:2‬‬ ‫‪8:3‬‬

‫‪8:4‬‬

‫‪8:5‬‬ ‫‪8:6‬‬ ‫‪8:7‬‬ ‫‪8:8‬‬ ‫‪8:9‬‬ ‫‪8:10‬‬ ‫‪8:11‬‬ ‫‪8:12‬‬

‫‪Appendix 4‬‬

‫‪XLVII‬‬

‫‪7a1 265v–267v‬‬

‫‪7a1 176v–177v‬‬

‫‪seyāme‬‬

‫‪seyāme‬‬

‫ܕܓܙܪܐ ܕܕܝܢܐ‬ ‫ܠܚܐܐܠ‬ ‫ܕܐܘܪܚܐ‬ ‫ܠܓܘܡܪܐ‬ ‫ܗܝܕܝܢ‬ ‫ܢ ܚܐ‬ ‫ܐܠܝܠܝܢ ܕܡܫܟܚ‬ ‫ܘܢ ܚܣܐ‬ ‫ܕܡܦܠܦܠܝܢ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܒܚܛܗܐ‬

‫ܓܙܪ ܕܝܢܐ‬ ‫ܕܚܐܐܠ‬ ‫ܐܘܪܚܐ‬ ‫ܠܓܗܐܢ‬ ‫ܘܗܝܕܝܢ‬ ‫ܢ ܚܐ‬ ‫ܘܐܠܝܠܝܢ ܕܡܫܟܚ‬ ‫ܕܢ ܚܣܐ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܕܒܚܛܗܐ‬ ‫ܡܦܠܦܠܝܢ‬

‫ܗܟܝܠ ܬܣܐܘܢ‬

‫ܬܣܐܘܢ ܗܟܝܠ‬ ‫ܗܕܐ‬ ‫ܐܓܪܬܝ‬ ‫ܬܝܝܪܐܬܝ‬ ‫ܐܝܟܢܐ‬ ‫ܕܐܦ ܡܬܕܟܪ ܐܐܢ‬ ‫ܗܘܬܝܘܢ ܚܠܝܡܝܢ‬ ‫ܫܠܡܬ ܐܝܓܪܬܐ‬ ‫ܩܕܡܬܝܐ ܕܒܪܘܟ‬ ‫ܣܦܪܐ‬

‫̈‬ ‫ܦܝܣܬܐ‬

‫‪Paragraph 86‬‬

‫ܐܓܪܬܐ‬ ‫ܬܝܝܪܐܬܝ ܕܝܢ‬ ‫ܐܝܟ‬ ‫ܕܐܦ ܐܐܢ ܡܬܕܟܪ ܐܐܢ‬ ‫ܘܗܘܐ ܕܟܕ ܫܠܡܬ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܦܬܓܡܐ‬ ‫ܟܗܘܢ‬ ‫ܕܐܓܪܬܐ ܗܕܐ‬ ‫ܘܬܟܒܬܗ‬ ‫ܒܛܝ ܐܠܬܝ ܥܕܡܐ‬ ‫ܠܫܘܠܡܗ‬ ‫ܘܬܟܒܬܗ‬ ‫ܘܚܬܡܬܗ‬ ‫ܙܗܝܪܐܬܝ ܘܩܛܪܬܗ‬ ‫ܒܨܘܪܗ ܕܢܫܪܐ‬ ‫ܘܫܪܬܝ ܘܫܕܪܬܗ‬ ‫ܫܠܡ ܬܟܒܐ ܕܒܪܘܟ‬ ‫ܒܪ ܢܪܝܐ‬

‫ܦܝܣܐ‬

‫‪Paragraph 86‬‬

‫‪Mosul‬‬

‫ܦܝܣܐ‬ ‫ܒܥܘܬܐ‬ ‫ܓܙܪ ܕܝܢܐ‬ ‫ܕܚܐܐܠ‬ ‫ܐܘܪܚܐ‬ ‫ܠܓܗܐܢ‬ ‫ܗܝܕܝܢ‬ ‫ܚ ̈ܝܐ‬ ‫ܘܐܠܝܠܝܢ ܕܡܫܟܚ‬ ‫ܕܢ ܚܣܐ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܕܒܚܛܗܐ‬ ‫ܡܦܠܦܠܝܢ‬ ‫‪Paragraph 81‬‬

‫ܬܣܐܘܢ ܗܟܝܠ‬ ‫ܗܕܐ‬ ‫ܐܓܪܬܝ‬ ‫ܬܝܝܪܐܬܝ‬ ‫ܐܝܟܢܐ‬ ‫ܕܐܦ ܐܐܢ ܡܬܕܟܪ ܐܐܢ‬ ‫ܗܘܬܝܘܢ ܚܠܝܡܝܢ‬

‫‪Mosul‬‬

‫‪8:13‬‬

‫‪8:15‬‬

‫‪9:1‬‬

‫‪9:2‬‬ ‫‪9:3‬‬

BIBLIOGRAPHY LEXICA AND DICTIONARIES Liddell, H. G. (1889), An Intermediate Greek-English Lexicon, founded upon the seventh edition of Liddell and Scott’s Greek-English Lexicon, reprinted 1975, Oxford: Clarendon. Koehler, L. and W. Baumgartner (1994), The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament, revised by W. Baumgartner and J. J. Stamm. Leiden: Brill. Payne Smith, J. (1903), A Compendious Syriac Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon. Payne Smith, R. (1879), Thesaurus Syriacus, Oxford: Clarendon. Sokoloff, M. (2009) A Syriac Lexicon, Piscataway, New Jersey: Gorgias Press and Winona Lake, Indiana: Eisenbrauns.

REFERENCE COMMENTARIES Albrektson, B. (1963), Studies in the Text and Theology of the Book of Lamentations, with a Critical Edition of the Peshitta Text, STL 21. Lund: Gleerup. David, C.J. (2010), The Syriac Bible According to the Mosul Edition, Vol. 2, Piscataway, New Jersey: Gorgias Press. Gurtner, D.M. (2009), Second Baruch, A Critical Edition of the Syriac Text, Edinburgh: T & T Clark. Pietersma, Albert and B.G. Wright (eds.) (2007), A New English Translation of the Septuagent and the other Greek Translations traditionally included under that Title, Oxford: Oxford University Press. Rahlfs, A. (1979), Septuaginta, Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft. Ziegler, A. (1957), Septuaginta. Vol. XV, Ieremias • Baruch • Threni • Epistula Ieremiae, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.

GENERAL INTEREST Bright, J. (1988), A History of Israel, 3rd ed., London: SCM. Carbajosa, I. (2008), The Character of the Syriac Version of Psalms, MPIL 17. Leiden: Brill. Walter, D. M. (2008), Studies in the Peshiṭta of Kings, T&S3 7. Piscataway, New Jersey: Gorgias Press. XLIX

L

Bibliography

Weitzman, M. P. (1999), The Syriac Version of the Old Testament, UCOP 56. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Williams, P. J. (2001), Studies in the Syntax of the Peshiṭta of 1 Kings, MPIL 12. Leiden: Brill.

TEXT AND TRANSLATION

2 Epistle of Baruch Ch. 

Chapter  

Strip off, Jerusalem, the garment of your mourning, of your misfortune, of your suffering. Clothe yourself in that magnificence which comes from the Lord God, for eternal praise.



Clothe yourself1 in the double cloak of righteousness that is from God. Set on your head the helmet of the splendor2 of the Lord of ages.



For God himself will show every man that your light is upon all the earth.



For you will forever be called by the name of God: The peace of righteousness, the praise of the fear of God.



Awake, awake, Jerusalem! Stand up by the tents! Look towards the east and the west, see your children who are gathered, coming to you, from the eastern regions of the sun even as far as its western regions, by the word of the Holy One, rejoicing in the remembrance of God.



Indeed they went from you on foot, when they were led by the enemies; however God brings them (back) to you exalted in praise for the throne of the kingdom.



For God commanded every high mountain that it should abase itself; the rugged that it should be smooth, a plain; all valleys, that they should be filled in; the land made level so that Israel may walk confidently in truth, in praise of God.



All leafy trees, all fragrant trees,3 give shade to Israel! according to the commandment of God.



For the God of Israel will rule over you with joy, with the light of his splendor, with the mercy and righteousness that come from our God.

1

‘Clothe yourself’: a different Syriac root from that of ‘Clothe yourself’ in v. 1.

2

‘the splendor’ or ‘the praise’.

3

‘trees … trees’: two different Syriac roots.



‫ܐܓܪܬܐ̈ܕܒܪܘܟ̈ܕܬܪܬܝܢ‬

‫݂ܶ‬ ‫݂ܶܩ ܬ ܰܦܶܠ ܳܘܢ‪ :‬ܗ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ܐ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܒ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܓ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܕ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܗ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܘ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܙ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܚ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܛ‬

‫ܰ ܽ ݂ܶ ݂ܶ ݂ܶ ܳ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܫܠܡ ܐܤܛܶܠ ܬܕ݂ܶ ܬܐܒ ݂ܶܠ ܬܟܝ ܰ ܬܘܕ ܬܒܝܫܬ ܬܟܝ ܰ ܬܘܕ ܰܚܫ݂ܶ ܬܟܝ‪ܰ .‬ܘܠ ܰܒܫܝܝ ݁ ܰܓܐܠܽܝܘ݂ܐ‬ ‫ܫܠܚ ܝ ܐܘܪ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܗܝ ݁ܕ ܠ ܘ݂ ܪܠܐ ܰܠ ܥ ܗܐ‪ :‬ܠ ܬ ݁ ܽ‬ ‫ܫܒ ݁‬ ‫ܘܚܬܐ ܰܕܠ ܥܶܡ‪.‬‬ ‫݂ܶܘܐܬ ܰܥ ܰܛܦܝ ܥܛ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܦ ܬܘܬܳܐ ܬܕ ܰܙ ܕ ܽܝܩ ܬܘܬܳܐ ܬܕ ݂ܶܡܢ ܠ ܳܘ ܬܬ ܰܐ ܳܠ ܳܗܐ‪ܺ .‬ܣܢܐܝ ݁ܒ ܺܪܠܫܟܝ ܰܣ ܰ‬ ‫ܢܝܘ ݁ܪ݂ܐ‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫݁‬ ‫݁‬ ‫ܕ݂ܫܒܘܚܬܗ ܕ ܪ ܐ ܡܶܝܐܐ‪.‬‬ ‫݂ܶܡ ܽܛܠ ܕ ܽܗܘ ܰܐ ܳܠ ܳܗܐ ܢ ܰܚ ݂ܶܘܐ ܠ ܽܟܠ ܐܢܳܫ‪ :‬ܕ ܰܥܠ ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܟܽܗ ܰܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ ܽܢܘܗܪ݂ܶ ܬܟܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫ܳ ܳ ܰ ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܽܘ ܬܬ ܐ ܳܠ ܳ‬ ‫ܫܡܽܐ ݂ܶܡܽܢ ܠ ܳ‬ ‫ܢ ݂ܶ ܬܬܩܪ݂ܶܐ ݂ܶܠ ܬܟܝ ݂ܶܓܝܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܽܘܬܐ‬ ‫ܽܗܐ ܠ ܳܥ ܰܠܽܡ‪ :‬ܫܠܽܡܽܐ ܬܕܙ ܕܝܩ ܬ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫݂ܶ ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܚܠܽܬܗ ܰܕܐ ܳܗܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܬܘܬ‬ ‫ܫܒܘܚܬܐ ܬ ܬܕܕ݂ܶ ܬ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܐ݂ܶܬܬܥܝܪܝ ܐ݂ܶܬܬܥܝܪܝ ܽܐܘܪ݂ܶ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܫܠܡ‪ܽ .‬‬ ‫ܘܩܘ ܝ ܰܡܠ ܠ ܺܪܠܥܝܬܐ‪ܽ .‬‬ ‫ܘܚܝܘܪܝ ܰܠ ܰܦܽܝ ܰ ܕܢ ܚܝܐ‬ ‫ܰܘܠ ܰܐܥܪܒܝܐ‪ܰ .‬ܘܚܝܙܝ ܰܠܒ ܰܢܢ ݁ܟܝܝܝ ݁ܕ ܬ ݁ ܰ ܺ‬ ‫ܢܫܢܝ ܘ݂ܰܠܝ ܠܟܝܝܝ‪ :‬ܝ ܰ ܕܢ ܰܚܝܝܘܗܝ‬ ‫݁ܕܫܐܫܐ ܰܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܕ ܝܐ ܠ ܰܐܥܪ ܰܒܝܘܗܝ ݁ܒܐܶܝܝܬܗ ݁ܕ ܰܩ ݁ ܺܕܠܫܝܐ‪ ܰ ݁ .‬ܝܕ ܚܕܠܝ ݁ܒ ܽܕܘ ܪܢܝܥ ܗ‬ ‫݁ ܰܕܠܐܥ ܗܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܬܰ‬ ‫ܢܦܩܘ ݂ܶܓܝܪ ݂ܶܡܢ ݂ܶ ܬܟܝ ܰܒ ܬ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܪܓܠ‪ܰ :‬ܟ ܬܕ ݂ܶܡܬ ܰܕ ܬܒܪܝܢ ݂ܶܡܢ ܒܥ ݂ܶ ̈ܠܕ ܬ ܳܒ ܬ ݂ܶܒܐ‪ ܰ .‬ܥܠ ܠ ܽܥ ܗܘ‬ ‫ܠܐܢܝܝ ݁ܒܬ ݁ ܽ‬ ‫ܫܒ ݁‬ ‫݁ܕܠܝܝ ܰܰܠ ܝܝܥ ܗܐ ܠ ܝܝܘ݂ ܝ‪ܰ :‬ܟܽܽܕ ݁ܬ ݂݁ ܺܪ ܺ‬ ‫ܝܝܘܚܬܐ ܰܡܝܝܠ ݁ ܽ ܘܪܣܢܝܝܐ‬ ‫ܕ ܰ ݁ܽ‬ ‫ܶܝܟܘ݂ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܽܗܐ ܠ ܬ ܽܟܽܠ ܽܛܽܘܪ ܕ ܳܪܡ ܕܢ ݂ܶ ܬܬ ܰܡ ܰܟܽ ܬ ‪ܰ .‬‬ ‫ܦ ܰܩ ܬܕ ݂ܶܓܝܪ ܰܐ ܳܠ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡܪ ܝܐ ܢܝܥ ܗܘܐ ܠ ܰܫܦܢܝܐ‬ ‫݁ ܰ‬ ‫ܰܘܠ ܰܫܘܠܽܘ݂ܐ‪ܽ .‬‬ ‫ܘܟ ܽ‬ ‫ܫܝܬܘܐ ܰܪܡܝܐ ܰܕ ܰܢܥ ܗܠܝܟ ܐܠܣܪܐܠܝܠ‬ ‫ܝܥ ܗܘ ܢܰܚܳܠ ܢ ̣ܬ ܰ ܽܶܘ ‪ .‬ܘ݂‬ ‫݂݁ ܺ ܢ ܳܠܺܬ ݁ ܰܒܫܪܪ ܐ‪݁ :‬ܒܬܫ ݁ ܽܒ ݁‬ ‫ܘܚܬܗ ݁ ܰܕܠܐܥ ܗܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰܶܠܘ ݁ ܽ ܠ ܺܰܠܶܝ ܰܢܝ ܡܒܐ‪ :‬ܘ ܽ ܠ ܩܢܣ ݁ܕܒܣܐܐ ܰܡܠ ܐܠܣܪܐܠܠ ݁ܒ ܽܦܝ ݁‬ ‫ܘܩܕܢܥ ܗ‬ ‫݁ ܰܕܠܐܥ ܗܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܢܰܐܶܟ ݁ܓܢܪ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܶ ݁ ܽ‬ ‫ܢܟܘ ܰܰܠ ܥ ܗܐ ܺܕ ܐܠܣܪܐܠܠ‪݁ .‬ܒ ܰܚ ܽܝܕܘ݂ܐ ܰܘܒ ܽܢܝܘܗܪ ܐ ܕ݂ ݁ ܽ‬ ‫ܫܒ ݁‬ ‫ܝܘܚܬܗ‬ ‫ܰܡܡ ܰܪܚܐ ܽܢܘ݂ܐ ܰܘܙ ݁ ܺܕ ܽܠܩܘ݂ܐ ܕ ܠ ܘ݂ܗ ݁ ܰܕܠܐ ܰܥ ܗ ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

2 Epistle of Baruch Ch. 



I will take from her the carved images, the exultation of the great assemblies: her joy will turn to mourning.



For fire will be sent to her by the eternal one, for many a day;1 evil spirits will live in her forever.2



Look eastwards, Jerusalem! See the joy which comes to you from the Lord!



For See! They come to you, your children, those whom you sent (away). They come, they are gathered, from the eastern regions of the sun, even as far as its western regions, by the word of the holy Lord God. They rejoice in the praise3 of God.

1

‘for many a day’: lit. ‘a long time of days’.

2

‘forever’: lit. ‘all the time’.

3

‘praise’ or ‘splendor’.



‫ܐܓܪܬܐ̈ܕܒܪܘܟ̈ܕܬܪܬܝܢ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܠܕ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܠܗ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܠܘ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܠܙ‬

‫݂ܶܘ ܽ‬ ‫ܐܫܩܘܠ ݂ܶܡ ܳܢܗ ܓܠܽ ̈ܝ ܬ ݂ܶܦܐ ܰ ܬܘܕܝ ܳ ܳܨ ܐ ܬܕ ܬ ݂ܶܟ ̈ܢܫ݂ܶܐ ܰܣܓ ݂̈ܶܝܐܐ‪ܰ .‬‬ ‫ܘܚ ܽܕܘ݂ ̇ܗ ݂݁ܗܘܐ ܰܠܒܳܠ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ ܰ ܳ ̈ ݂ܶ ܽ ܳ ܰ ̈ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫݂ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ‪ .‬ܘܢ ݂ܶ ܽ‬ ‫݂ܶ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܥܡܪܘܢ‬ ‫ܘܓܪܐ ܬܕܝܘܡ ܬ‬ ‫ܢܘܪ ܐ ܬ ݂ܶܓܝܪ ܬ ݂ܶܫܬ ܰܕܪ ܥܠܝܗ ܡܢ ܠ ܘ ܬܬ ܚܝ ܥܠܽܡܐ ܢ ܬ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܳܒܗ ܫܐ ܬ ̈ܕ ܐ ܬ ܽܟܗ ܰܙ ܬܒ ܳܢܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܽܚܘܪܝ ܠ ܰܡ ܬܕܢ ܳܚܐ ܽܐܘܪ݂ܶ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܫܠܡ‪ܰ .‬ܘܚܙܝ ܰܚ ܽܕܘ݂ܐ ܕ ܠ ܘ݂ ܰܠ ܥ ܗܐ ݂ܰܠܐ ܠܟܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳܗܐ ݂ܶܓܝܽܽܪ ܳܐܬ ݂ܶܝܽܽܢ ݂ܶܠ ܬܟܽܽܝ ܒ ܰܢ ̈ܝܟܽܽܝ ܰܐ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܝܠܝܽܽܢ ܕ ܰܫܽ ܰܽܕܪܬܝ‪݂ܰ .‬ܠ ܝ ܘ ܬ ݁ ܰ ܺ‬ ‫ܢܫܢ ܝ ܝ‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫݁‬ ‫݁‬ ‫ܰ ܕܢܚܘܗܝ ܕܫܐܫܐ ܘܡܕ ܐ ܠ ܐܥܪܒܘܗܝ ܒܐܶܝܬܗ ܕ ܪܠܐ ܰܠ ܝܥ ܗܐ ܩܕܠܫܝܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܚܕܠ ݁ܒܬ ݁ ܽ‬ ‫ܫܒ ݁‬ ‫ܘܚܬܗ ݁ ܰܕܠܐܥ ܗܐ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

2 Epistle of Baruch Ch. 



I trusted in the eternal one for your redemption: and from the Lord God, the eternal, joy has come to me! He will take pity on them forthwith: for the mercy of God, your eternal redeemer.



For I sent you away in mourning, weeping: but God will turn you to me, I shall receive you from him with joy and delight everlasting.



For as the inhabitants of Zion have rejoiced (until) now in your captivity, thus they will rejoice forthwith in your redemption which (comes) from the Lord our God: he will bring you, with great joy and honor, in the light of the Lord of ages.



My children, be long-suffering, endure the anger which came upon you from the Lord God. Your enemy pursued you; immediately, therefore, will you see his destruction, tread upon his neck.



Those in whom I delight1 were taken captive; they walked on rough steep pathways, they were scattered on rugged pathways, they were scattered like prey2 snatched from3 enemies.



Be comforted, my children, cry to the Lord God: for the memorial of him who brought these things upon you will be in the Lord.



For as your mind strayed from the Lord — one with ten, repent!4 turn to the Lord, you shall seek God.



For he who has brought evil upon you will bring upon you eternal joy, in your redemption.



Be comforted, Jerusalem! He comforts you, he who named you.



The cities which harmed you, rejoiced at your downfall, will fear.



Those cities which subjugated your children will be frightened:5 you will rejoice at their downfall. Those who harmed you will be afraid: but she who received your children will rejoice.



For as she rejoiced at your downfall, so will she be grieved, saddened by her (own) destruction.

1

‘Those in whom I delight’: lit. ‘My delightful ones’.

2

‘prey’ or ‘flock’.

3

‘from’ or ‘by’.

4

‘repent’ or ‘return’.

5

‘frightened’: different Syriac root from ‘fear’ in v. 31.



‫ܐܓܪܬܐ̈ܕܒܪܘܟ̈ܕܬܪܬܝܢ‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܢܟܽܘܢ‪ .‬ܘ݂݂ܰ ݁ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܪܩ ܬ ܽ‬ ‫ܟܒ ܐ ݂ܶ ܳܢ ݂ܶܓܝܪ ܰܣܒܪ݂ܶ ܬܬ ܰܥܠ ܰܚܝ ܳܥ ̈ܠܽ ݂ܶܡܐ ܠ ܬ ܽܦ ܳ‬ ‫ܡܶܝܝ ܰܚ ܽܝܕܘ݂ܐ ܝ‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫ܩܕ ܪܠܐ ܰܠ ܥ ܗܐ ܬܕܠ ܥܶܡ‪ .‬ܛܠ ܕܒܥܓܠ ݂ܰܪܚܝܡ ܡܶܢܝܥ ܗܘ ‪ .‬ܛܝܠ‬ ‫ܚܐܘܗܝ ݁ ܰܕܠܐܥ ܗܐ ܦ ܽܪ ܽ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܩܟܘ ݁ ܰܕܠ ܥ ܰܶܡ‪.‬‬ ‫ܢܟܘ ܺܠܝ ܰܰܠ ܥ ܗܐ‪ .‬ܘ ܰܰܩ ݁ܒ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܒܒܟܐ‪ .‬ܘܢܰܦܢ ܽ‬ ‫ܟܓ ܰܫ ݁ ܰܕ ݁ܪ݂ ܽ ܘ ݁ܓܢܪ ݁ܒܐܒܳܠ ܰ‬ ‫ܶܝܟܝܘ ܢܝܥ ܗ‬ ‫݁ܒ ܰܚ ܽܕܘ݂ܐ ܰܘ ݁ܒ ܽܒܘܣܐܐ ܰܕܠ ܥ ܰܶܡ‪.‬‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܟܕ ܰܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܥܓܽܠ ܢ ݂ܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܐܝܟ ܳܢܐ ܬܕ ܳܗ ܳܫܐ ܬ ܰ‬ ‫ܝ ܬ ܽܟܽܘܢ‪ܳ :‬ܗ ܬ ܰܟ ܳܢܽܐ ܬ ܰܒ ܬܰ‬ ‫ܚܽܕܘܢ‬ ‫ܚܕܘ ܳܥ ܽܡܘܪܝܗ ܕܨ݂ܶܗܝܽܘܢ ܰܒ ܬ‬ ‫ܫܒ ܬ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܝ ܽ‬ ‫ܽܽܗܢ‪ .‬ܘܢܰ ݁‬ ‫ܘܪܩ ܬ ܽ‬ ‫ܒ ܬ ܽܦ ܳ‬ ‫ܢܟܽܽܘܢ ܕ ݂ܶܡܽܽܢ ܠ ܳ‬ ‫ܽܽܘ ܬܬ ܳܡܪܝܳܽܽܐ ܐ ܳܠ ܰ‬ ‫ܠܟܝܝܘ ݁ܒ ܰܚ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܝܕܘ݂ܐ ܰܪ ݁ܒܝܝܬܐ‬ ‫ܰܘܒܬ ݁ ܽ‬ ‫ܫܒ ݁‬ ‫ܘܚܬܐ‪ܰ .‬ܘܒ ܽܢܘܗܪܗ ݁ܕ ܪ ܐ ܡܶܝܐܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܢܒܝܪܘ ܽܪܘܓܝܙ ܐ ܕ ܝ ܪܠܝܐ ܰܰܠ ܝܥ ܗܐ ݂ܰܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܶ ݁ ܽ‬ ‫ܟܗ ̈ܒ ܰܢܝ‪ܰ :‬ܐ ܰܓܪܘ ܽܪ ܬ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܣ ݁ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܚܟܘܢ‪ܰ .‬‬ ‫ܢܟܝܘ ‪.‬‬ ‫ܥܓܝܠ ݂݁ܚܝܙ ܐ ܰܒܐܒ ݁ܕܢܝܥ ܗ‪ܰ .‬‬ ‫ܘܡܝܠ ܰܨ ܽ‬ ‫ܶܕܒܒܟ‪ܽ :‬ܛܝܠ ܗܶܢ ܰܒ ܰ‬ ‫ܰܪܕ ݁ܦܟ ݁ܒܥ ݁‬ ‫ܘܪܗܘ‬ ‫݂݁ܕ ܽܪܘܟ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ̈ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܟܘ ܬ ܰ‬ ‫ܽܝܐ ܬܕ ܰܥ ܳ‬ ‫ܡܦ ̈ܢ ܰܩܽܽܝ ܐ ݂ܶ ܰܙܠܽܽܘ ܒܫ݂ܶ ܬܒ ܳܝܽܽܐ‪ܰ .‬‬ ‫ܪܡܽܽܐ‪݂ܶ .‬ܘ ܬܐܬ ܰܒܽ ܰܽܕܪܘ‬ ‫ܘܗܠܟܝܝܘ ݁ ܽܒܐܘ ܚܝܝܬܐ ܩܫܽ ܬ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫݁ܒܥܶ ݁ܕܒܒܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܐܘܪܚ ܬܬܐ ܰܥ ̈ܣ ܳܩ ܬܬܐ‪ܰ ݁ ݂ܰ .‬ܒ ݁ ܰܕܪܘ ܰܠܟ ݁ܓܙܪ ܐ ܕ ݂ܰܚܛ‬ ‫ܒ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܟܙ ܐ ܬܬ ܰܒ ܰܝܐܘ ܒ ܰܢ ̈ܝ‪ܰ .‬ܘܰܙܡܩܘ ܠ ܘ݂ ܪܠܐ ܰܠ ܥ ܗܐ‪ .‬ܢܥ ܗܘܐ ܠ ܽܟܘ ݁ܓܢܪ ܠ ܝܘ݂ ܪܠܝܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ݁ܰ ݁ ܺ‬ ‫ܰܬܝ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܶ ݁ ܽ‬ ‫ܢܟܘ ܗܠܢ ‪.‬‬ ‫݁ ܽܕܘ ܪܶܢ ܗܘ ܕ‬ ‫݂ܶ ܳ ܽ‬ ‫ܥܝ ܬ ܽ‬ ‫ܟܚ ݂ܶܡ ܽܛܠ ܰܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܝܟ ܳܢܐ ܕ ܳܛܥ݂ܶܐ ܗ ܳܘܐ ܪ݂ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܣܽܪܐ ܬܬ ܬܘܒܽܘ ݂ܶܘ ܬܐܬܦ ܰܢܽܘ‬ ‫ܢܟܘܢ ݂ܶܡܢ ܳܡܪܝܳܐ‪ܰ :‬ܚ ܬܽܕ ܒܥ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܠ ܳܘ ܬܬ ܳܡܪܝܳܐ‪ .‬ܬܘܬ ܬܒ ܽܥܘܢ݂ܶܗ ܠ ܳܠ ܳܗܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ ܽ ܰ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܝܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܟܛ ܰܗܘ ݂ܶܓܝܪ ܰܡܢ ܰܕ ܐܝܝ ܰ‬ ‫ܥܠ ܽ‬ ‫ܥܠ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܟܘܢ ܰܚ ܬ ܽܽܕ ܬܘܬܐ ܠ ܳܥ ܰܠܽܡ‬ ‫ܝܟܘܢ ܒܝܫܬܐ‪ :‬ܗܘ ܢ‬ ‫ܘܪܩ ܬ ܽ‬ ‫ܰܥܡ ܽܦ ܳ‬ ‫ܢܟܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܠ ݂ܰ ݁ ܰܒܢܐܝ ܰܘܪܫܶܡ‪ܰ .‬ܒ ܰܢܐ ܽܗܘ ܠܟܝ ܰܗܘ ܰ ݁ܕܣܡ ܠܟܝ ܫܐܐ‪.‬‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫̈ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܰܐ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܝܠܝܢ ܰܕ ܬ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܐܒ ̈‬ ‫ܐܫܝ ݂ܶܠ ܬܟܝ ܰܘ ̈ܚ ܬ ܰܕܝ ܰܥܠ ܰܡ ܽܦܘܠ ܬ ܬܟܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܠ ܢ ݂ܶ ܬܕ ̈ܚ ܳܠܢ ܬ‬ ‫ܡܕ ܝܢ ܬ‬ ‫̈ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܰܐ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܚܕܠܝ ܰܡܝܠ ܰ ݁ ܽܦܝ ݁‬ ‫ܝܠܝܢ ܕ ܰܫ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܠܒ ܢ ݂ܶ ܬܬ ܰܪ ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܥܒ ܬܽܕܘ ܰܠ ܬܒ ܰܢ ̈ܝܟܽܝ‪݁ ݂݁ .‬‬ ‫ܘܠܬܗܠ ‪.‬‬ ‫ܗܒܢ ܬ‬ ‫ܡܕ ܝܢ ܬ‬ ‫ܢܕ ܽ‬ ‫ܚܶܘ ܰܰܠܶܢ ݁ ܰܕ ܰܒܐܫܘ ܠܟܝ‪݂݂݁ .‬ܪܗܒ ܗܝ ݁ܕ ܰܩ ݁ܒ ܰܶ ݁‬ ‫ܬ ܰܠܒ ܰܢܢ ݁ܟܝ‪.‬‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܠܓ ܰܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܝ ܰܥܠ ܰܡ ܽܦܘܠ ܬ ܬܟܝ‪ܳ :‬ܗ ܬ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܬܬܬܥܝܽܩ ܬܘܬ ܬܟܽܪ݂ܶܐ ܳܠ ܽܗ ܰܥܽܠ‬ ‫ܝܟ ܳܢܐ ܬ ݂ܶܓܝܪ ܕܚ݂ܶ ܬܕ ܰ ܬ‬ ‫ܽܚ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪܒܗ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

2 Epistle of Baruch Ch. 



I had brought them up in happiness; but I sent them (away) weeping, in mourning, groaning.1



Let no man rejoice over my widowhood: I have been forsaken, left desolate, by a great2 people, because of the sins of my children, because they turned away from the path of the Lord God.



They did not know his commandments and his judgments; nor did they obey the commandments of God; nor (keep to) in righteousness the pathways of discipline (and) of truth.



Tread (upon those pathways)! Accept instruction,3 you who dwell in Zion;4 remember the captivity of my sons and daughters, which the Lord of ages has brought upon them.



For he brought upon them a people from afar, a brazen people speaking in a foreign tongue; yet they did not revere5 their elders, they had no pity for their young.



They took captive, they drove away the widow’s beloved ones, and her daughters; they destroyed the lonely, the solitary.



Indeed I cannot help you:



Indeed it is he who brought evil upon you — he who redeems you from the hand of your enemies.



Go, my children! Go! for I have been abandoned, I am destitute, deserted.



I have stripped off the garment of peace, I have put on sackcloth to offer6 my petition: I will cry out to you, the eternal one,7 in the days of my life.8



Awake, my children! cry out to the Lord! He will deliver you from the hands of the strong, from the hands of your enemies.

1

‘groaning’: lit. ‘with groanings’.

2

‘by a great’: lit. ‘from a numerous’.

3

‘Accept instruction’: lit. ‘Also be instructed’.

4

‘who dwell in Zion’: lit. ‘inhabitants of Zion’.

5

‘revere’ or ‘stand in awe of’: lit. ‘were not ashamed from’.

6

‘to offer’: lit. ‘in/with’.

7

‘the eternal one’: lit. ‘the life of the ages’ or ‘He who lives eternally’.

8

‘the days of my life’: lit. ‘my days’.



‫ܐܓܪܬܐ̈ܕܒܪܘܟ̈ܕܬܪܬܝܢ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܐ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܒ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܓ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܕ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܗ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܘ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܙ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝ ܚ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܛ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟܐ‬

‫ܰܪ ݁ ܺܒܝ ܰ ܽܢܘ ݁ܒ ܰܚ ܽܕܘ݂ܐ‪ܰ .‬‬ ‫ܘܫ ݁ܕܪ݂ ܰ ܽܢܘ ݁ ܰܒܒܟܐ ܘܒܐܒܳܠ ܰܘܒܬܢܚܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܚܕܐ ܰܠ ܽ‬ ‫ܳܠ ܐܢܳܫ ܢ ݂ܶ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܝ ݂ܶܡܽܢ ܰܥ ܳܡܽܐ ܰܣܓ ܳܝܽܐܐ‪ .‬ܛܝܠ‬ ‫ܪܡܠ‬ ‫ܽܬ ܰܘܨ ܬܕ ܬ‬ ‫ܽܘܬܝ ܕ݂ܶܐܫܬ ܬܒ ݂ܶܩ ܽ ܬ‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܚܛܥ ܗܐ ܰܕ ܬ ̈ܒ ܰܢܝ‪ .‬ܛܠ ݁ ܰܕܤܛܘ ܰܘܪܚܥ ܗ ݁ܕ ܪܠܐ ܰܠ ܥ ܗܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܩܕܢܰܘܗܝ ܺ‬ ‫ܘܕ ܰܠܢܘܗܝ ܰܠ ܠ ܺ ܰܕܡܘ‪ܰ .‬ܦܳܠ ܰܗܠܟܘ ݁ ܽܒܐܘܪܚܝܐ ܕ ܽܦܘ ݁‬ ‫ܘܦܘ ݁‬ ‫ܩܕܢܰܝܘܗܝ ݁ ܰܕܠܐܝܥ ܗܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܪܕܘ݂ܐ ܕ ܽܩ ݁‬ ‫ܰܦܳܠ ܰܒ ܺ‬ ‫ܫܒܢܳܠ ܕ ܰ ݁ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܫܬܐ ܒ ܰܙ ݁ ܺܕ ܽܠܩܘ݂ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܰ ݁ܽ‬ ‫ܬܘ ܡ ܽܐܘ ܐ ܕܨܗܠܽܘ ‪ܰ ݁ ݂݁ ܰ :‬ܕ ܪܘ ܺ‬ ‫ܫܒܝܐ ܰܕܒ ܰܢܝ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܕܒܢܬܝ‪:‬‬ ‫ܕ ܰܪ ܬܟܘ ܐܘ ܐܬܛܦܝܣܘ‪ܰ .‬ܢ‬ ‫݁ܰ ݁ ܺ‬ ‫ܰܬܝ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܢܥ ܗܘ ܪ ܐ ܡܶܝܐܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܕ‬ ‫ܘܚܩܽܐ‪ܰ :‬ܥ ܳܡܽܐ ܰܚܨ ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܰܐܝܝ ݂ܶܓܝܪ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ ܰܥ ܳܡܐ ݂ܶܡܽܢ ܽܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܥܠ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܦܽܐ ܰܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܡܽ ݂ܶ ܒ ݂ܶܠܽ ܳܫ ܳܢܽܐ‬ ‫ܘܡܠ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܚܪ ܳܢ‪ .‬ܘܰܠ ܒܥ ܗ݂ܘ ܣ ܬ ݂̈ܶܒܐ‪ܰ .‬‬ ‫ܡܶܝܢܐܐ ܰܠ ݂ܰ ܰܪ ܰܚܐܘ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ̈ ݂ܶ ܰ ܰ ܳ ܰ ̈ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܠܢ ܺܚ ݁ܢܕ ݂݁ܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܬܗ‪ܺ .‬‬ ‫ܰܘ ܬ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܫ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܠ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܘܚ ݁ܕ ݂݁ܐ‬ ‫ܫܒܘ ܰ ܬܘܕ ܬ ܰܒܪܘ ܠ ܚܒܝ ܬܒܝܗ ܕ ܐܪܡܠܽܬܐ ܘܠ ܬܒܢ ܬ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰܚܪܒܘ‪.‬‬ ‫ܐ ݂ܶ ܳܢ ݂ܶܓܝܪ ܳܠ ݂ܶܡܫܟ ܳܚܐ ܐ ܳܢ ܬܕ݂ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܥ ܰܕ ܬ ܽܪܟܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰܗܘ ݂ܶܓܝܽܽܪ ܰܡܽܽܢ ܰܕ ܐܝܝ ܰܥ ܽ‬ ‫ܠܝܟܽܽܘܢ ܒܝܫܽܽܬܐ‪ܽ :‬ܗܘ ܬ ܳܦ ܽܪ݂ܶܩ ܠ ܬ ܽܟܽܽܘܢ ݂ܶܡܽܽܢ ܐܝܽ ܬ ܳܽܕܐ‬ ‫ܬ ܰܕ ܬܒܥ ݂ܶ ̈ܠܕ ܬ ܳܒ ܬ ܰܒ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܟܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫݁ܰ‬ ‫ܫܬܒܩܬ ܰܚ ݁ܪܒܬܐ ܘܨ ܺܕܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܙ݂ܶܠܘ‪̈ :‬ܒ ܰܢܝ‪ :‬ܙ݂ܶܠܘ‪ܶܰ .‬ܢ ܓܢܪ ܰ‬ ‫ܫܶܝܚܬ ܰܤܛܳܠ ܰܕܫܶܝܐܐ‪ .‬ܘܠܒܫܬ ܰܣܩܝܐ ܒܒ ܽܥܝܘ݂ܝ‪ܰ .‬ܓܥܝܐ ܠ ܝܘ݂ܟ ܰܚܝܝ‬ ‫ܡܶܝܐܐ‪݁ .‬ܒ ܰܢܘ ܬܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܐ݂ܶܬܬܥܝܪܘ ̈ܒ ܰܢܝ ܰܘܓ ܰܥܘ ܠ ܳܘܬ ܳܡܪܝܳܐ‪ܰ .‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܢܦܨ ܽ‬ ‫ܰܠ ܰܕܝ ܰܡ ܺܫܢܢܝܐ ܘ ܝ ܰܠ ܰܝܕܝ‬ ‫ܠܟܘ‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫݁ܒܥܶ ݁ܕܒܒܐ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

2 Epistle of Baruch Ch. 

Chapter  

This is the book and the memorial of the commandments of God, the law which is eternally theirs, all these who hold fast to it. It is their life;1 those who forsake them will die.



Return and be taught, Jacob! Hold fast, walk in its way, in its brilliant light.2



Do not give your honor, your glory, to another; (do not give) anything which benefits you, is better for you, to a foreign nation.



Blessed are we, blessed are you, Israel, for that which seems good to our God we understand.3



Be comforted, people of God, memorial of Israel.



For you were overpowered by the nations,4 not destroyed:5 but because you provoked God you were delivered up to your enemies.



For you provoked him who made you, the eternal God, because you sacrificed to evil spirits, not to God.



You forgot him who reared you, the eternal God; then you grieved Jerusalem your foster-mother too.



For I saw the fury which befell6 you, the anger from the Lord God. I said:7 Hear me, inhabitants of Zion: for the Lord God has brought upon me great and perpetual mourning.



For I saw the captivity of my sons and my daughters which the Lord of the ages had brought upon them.

1

‘their life’: lit. ‘for them for life’.

2

‘in its brilliant light’: lit. ‘before the brilliance of its light’.

3

‘understand’ or ‘know’.

4

‘For you were overpowered by the nations’: see Introduction. Addendum 2.

5

‘not destroyed’: lit. ‘it was not for destruction’.

6

‘befell’: lit. ‘came upon’.

‘I saw … I said’: the consonantal text could be read as 3rd sing. verbs with Jerusalem as the subject. Mosul’s vocalization supports the 1 st person which conforms with the suffixes in 4:10,12. 7



‫ܐܓܪܬܐ̈ܕܒܪܘܟ̈ܕܬܪܬܝܢ‬

‫݂ܶ‬ ‫݂ܶܩ ܬ ܰܦܶܠ ܳܘܢ‪ :‬ܕ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ܐ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܒ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܓ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܕ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܗ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܘ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܙ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܚ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܛ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝ‬

‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܘܕ ܬܘܟܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܩܕܢܰܽܽܘܗܝ ܰܕܐܳܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܽܗܐ‪ :‬ܘܢܳ ܽܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܟ ܬ ܳܒܽܽܐ ܬ ܽ‬ ‫ܽܪ ܳܢ ܬܕ ܬ ܽܦ ̈ܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܝܘܗܝ ܠ ܳܥ ܰܠܽܽܡ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܣܽܽܐ ܬܕ ܬ‬ ‫ܳܗܢܰܽܽܘ ܬ‬ ‫ܽ ܽ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܥ ܗܘ ܰܠܶܢ ݁ ܰܕ ܰܚܐܣܢܺܢ ݁ܒܥ ܗ‪݂݁ :‬ܗܘܐ ܠ ܽܥ ܗܘ ܠ ܰܚܢܐ‪ܰ .‬ܘܰܠܶܢ ݁ܕܫܒ ܺܩܢܝ‬ ‫ܠܟ‬ ‫ܽ ܽ‬ ‫ܠ ܽܥ ܗܘ ‪ :‬ܢܐܘ݂ܘ ‪.‬‬ ‫ܐ ݂ܶ ܬܬ ܰܦܢܽܽܝ ݂ܶܘ ܬܐܬܝ ܰ ܰܠ ܬܽܽܦ ܝ ܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܚܐܣܝܝ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܗܠܝܝܟ ݁ ܽܒܐܘܪܚܝܝܥ ܗ ܽܠ ܰ‬ ‫ܽܽܘܒ‪ܰ .‬‬ ‫ܝܝܘܩܒܠ ܰܙܗܪ ܐ‬ ‫ܥܩ ܬ‬ ‫ܕ ܽܢܘܗܪܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽܪ ܬܟ‪ .‬ܘ ݁ܝܕ ݁ܕܶܝܒ ܠܝܟ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܝܩ ܳ‬ ‫ܽܘܚܬ ܬܟ ܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܳܠ ܬܬ ݂ܶܬ݂ܶܠ ܰܠܚܪܝܢ ܬ ݂ܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܦܩܝܚ ܠܝܟ‪:‬‬ ‫ܫܒ‬ ‫ܠ ܰܥܐܐ ܽܢܘ ܪܠܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܽ ̈ ܳ ݂ܶ ܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܒܝ ܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܽܛܝܠ ݁ܕ ݁ܝܕ ݁ܕ ܰܫ ݁ ܺܦܢܝܪ ܰܰܠܠ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܛ ܬ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܥ ܗ ܠܕ ܺܡܢܝ‬ ‫ܝܣܪܐܝ݂ܶܽܠ‪.‬‬ ‫ܛܘ ܬܒܢܐ ܚܢܢ‪:‬‬ ‫ܚ ܰܢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ܐ ݂ܶ ܬܬ ܰܒ ܰܝܐܘ ܰܥ ݂ܶܡܗ ܰܕܐ ܳ ܳܗܐ‪ܽ :‬ܕ ܬܘܟ ܳܪ ܳܢ ܠ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܣܪܐܝ݂ܶܠ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ ݁ܰ ݁ ܽ ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰܪܓ ݁ܙ݂ܘ ܰܠܠ ܝܥ ܗܐ‬ ‫݂ܶܡܛܠ ܕ݂ܶܐܙܕ ܬܟܝܘܢ ܠ ܰܥ ̈ܡ ݂ܶܡܐ‪ :‬ܠ ܗ ܳܘܐ ܠ ܬܒ ܳܕ ܳܢ‪ܰܰ .‬ܠ ܛܠ ܕ‬ ‫݁ܽ‬ ‫ܐܬܘ ܰܠܒܥܶ ݁ܕܒ ܰܒ ݁ ܽ‬ ‫ܰ ݁‬ ‫ܢܟܘ ‪.‬‬ ‫ܫܬܠ‬ ‫ܰ ݂ܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ ݁ ܰ݁ ܰ ݁ ܽ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܙܬܘܢ ݂ܶܓܝܪ ܠ ܰܗܘ ܰܕ ܬ ܰ‬ ‫ܚܬܘ ܠ ܺܫܝܐ ܬ ̈ܕ ܐ‬ ‫ܥܒ ܬܕ ܬ ܽܟܘܢ ܠ ܳܠ ܳܗܐ ܬ ܰܕܠ ܳܥ ܰܠܡ‪ .‬ܡܠ ܕܕܒ‬ ‫ܐܪܓ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܘܰܠ ܰܠܠ ܥ ܗܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ ܺ ܽ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ݁ܽ‬ ‫ܐܪ ݁ܒܢ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܝܝܝܘ ܰܠ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܝܝܪ ݁ܬܘ ݁ܕܠܝܝܝ ܰ‬ ‫ܢܟܝܝܝܘ ‪ܰ :‬ܠܠ ܝܝܝܥ ܗܐ ܰܕܠ ܥ ܰܶܝܝܝܡ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܘܶܥ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ݁ ܺ ܽ ܽ‬ ‫ܠܐܪ ܒܢܢܝ ܘ ܰܘܪܫܶܡ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܚܙܬ ݁ܓܢܪ ܽܪܘܓܙ ܐ ܕ ݂ܰܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܶ ݁ ܽ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܢܟܘ ‪ .‬ܘܚܐܬܐ ܩܕ ܪܠܐ ܰܠ ܝܥ ܗܐ‪ .‬ܘܰ ܝܪ݂‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ ݁ܺ‬ ‫ܬܝ ܓܢܝܝܪ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܶܝܝܝ ܪܠܝܝܐ ܰܠ ܝܝܥ ܗܐ ܰܒܝܝܳܠ ܰܪ ݁ܒܝܐ‬ ‫ܽܫܘ ܽܥܝܝܘܢ ܝ ܡ ܽܐܝܝܘ ܐ ܕܨܗܠܽܝܝܘ ‪ܰ .‬‬ ‫ܰܕܠ ܥ ܰܶܡ‪.‬‬ ‫݁ܰ ݁ ܺ‬ ‫ܰܬܝ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܚܙܬ ݁ܓܢܪ ݁ܒܫܒܢܐ ܰܕ ܬ ̈ܒ ܰܢܝ ܰ‬ ‫ܢܥ ܗܘ ܪ ܐ ܡܶܝܐܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܕܒܢܬܝ ܕ‬

‫‪‬‬

2 Epistle of Baruch Ch. 

 

Then the stars in their places gave light; they were delighted.1



He calls to them, they speak: See! We are here. Joyfully they give light to him who made them.



He is God, there is none other than him, none other than him is to be acknowledged.2



He it is who has found the whole way of wisdom; he gave it to his servant Jacob, to Israel his beloved. After these things on earth he was revealed, seen, he went about among men.3

1

‘they were delighted’ or ‘refreshed themselves’.

2

‘acknowledged’: lit. ‘reckoned’.

3

Despite the 3rd masc. sing. verbs the antecedent is ‘wisdom’ which is feminine.



‫ܐܓܪܬܐ̈ܕܒܪܘܟ̈ܕܬܪܬܝܢ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܠܕ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܠܗ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܠܘ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܠܙ‬

‫ܰ‬ ‫ܝ ܽܗܘܢ ݂ܶܘ ܬܐܬ ܰܒ ܰܣܡܘ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰܟ ̈ܘܟ ܬ ݂ܶܒܐ ܬܕ݂ܶܝܢ ܐ ܰܢܗܪܘ ܒ ܬ ܽܕ ̈ܘܟ ܳ ܬ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ܰ ܰ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܳ ܰ ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܥܒ ܬܕ ܐ ܽܢܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܩܪ݂ܶܐ ܠ ܽܗܘܢ‪ܳ :‬ܘܐܡܪܝܢ‪ :‬ܗܐ‬ ‫ܚܢܢ‪ :‬ܐ ܰܢܗܪܘ ܒ ܰܚ ܬ ܽܕ ܬܘܬܐ ܠ ܗܘ ܡܢ ܕ ܬ‬ ‫ܳܗܢܰܘ ܰܐ ܳܠ ܳܗܐ‪ܰ .‬‬ ‫ܘܠܝ ܐܚܪܝܢ ܠ ܬ ܰܒܪ ݂ܶܡܢ݂ܶܗ‪ .‬ܘܰܠ ܢܬ ܰܚ ܰܫܒ ܰ ܺ‬ ‫ܚܪܠ ܠ ܰܒܪ ܢܥ ܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܐܫܟܽܽܚ ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܡܽܽܬܐ‪ .‬ܘܠܰܥ ܗܒܝܝ ̇ܥ ܗ ܠ ܰܢ ܽ‬ ‫ܳܗܢܰܽܽܘ ܕ݂ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܟܽܽܽܗ ܽܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܥܩܝܝܘܒ ܰܡܒ ݁‬ ‫ܝܝܕܗ‬ ‫ܘܪܚܽܽܐ ܬܕܚ݂ܶ ܬܟ‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݁ ܰ‬ ‫ܬܪ ܗܠܢ ܰܡܠ ܰܪܡܐ ݂ܰ ݁ܓ ܺܶܝ ܘ݂ܰ ܺ‬ ‫ܚܙܝ‪ .‬ܘܒܝ‬ ‫ܘܰܠܠܣܪܐܠܠ ܰܚ ݁ ܺܒܢܒܥ ܗ‪ .‬ܘ ܒ‬ ‫݁ܒ ܰܢܢܢܫܐ ݂ܰ ܰܗ ݁ ܰܦܟ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

2 Epistle of Baruch Ch. 

 

Nor by the children of Hagar, those who seek worldly wisdom;1 the merchants of Morath and Teman; those who are the story-tellers, those who dispute, who investigate opinion, yet do not know the way of wisdom, nor tread its pathways.



O Israel! How great is the house of the Lord God, how long, how wide the place of his dominion.2



It is infinite, sublime, immeasurable.3



There, they were born, these mighty men of renown, of old: 4 these who were very great, learned in battle.



It was not these whom God chose, nor did he show5 them the path of wisdom.



They perished, for they had no wisdom, no understanding; they perished thoughtlessly, for they were senseless.



Who has gone up to the heavens, taken her, brought her down from the clouds?



Or who is he who passed over its further shores,6 the furthermost shore of the sea, found her, chosen her7 as (if she were) the choicest gold?



There is none who knows her path, nor considers her pathways.



But he who knows all, he is the one who knows her; he found her in this his wisdom,8 he who established the earth for eternity, filled it with four-footed animals.



He it is who sends (forth) the light, and it goes; he called to it, and it obeyed him; trembling, it answered him.

1

‘worldly wisdom’ or ‘wisdom concerning the earth’.

2

‘dominion’ or ‘possession’.

3

‘immeasurable’: lit. ‘not to it measuring’.

4

‘of old’: lit. ‘who (were) from the beginning’.

5

‘show’: lit. ‘give’.

‘passed over its further shores, the furthermost shore of the sea’: lit. ‘its other sides, its furthest part, of the sea’. 6

7

‘chosen her’: lit. ‘brought her up’.

8

‘in his wisdom’: lit. ‘in this his wisdom’.



‫ܐܓܪܬܐ̈ܕܒܪܘܟ̈ܕܬܪܬܝܢ‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܠܝܥ ܗ ݁ܕ ܽ ܰ‬ ‫ܟܓ ܰܦܳܠ ܰܒܒ ܰܢܝ ܗܓܪ‪ .‬ܗ ܽܢܘ ܗ ܽܢܘ ݁ܕܒܥܢ ܽܣܘ ݁ ܳܠ ܕ ܰܡܠ ܰܪܡܐ‪݁ ݂݁ .‬ܓܪ ̇‬ ‫ܝܘܪ݂‬ ‫݁ ݁ܰ‬ ‫ܰܘ ݁ܕ ݂ܰ ܰ‬ ‫ܫܬܡܢ ܽܫܝܘܡܝܐ‪ܰ .‬ܘܰܠܶܢܝ ݁ ܰܕ ܰܥ ܺ‬ ‫ܩܒܢܝ ܘܒܥܢܝ ܽܣܝܘ ݁ ܳܠ‪.‬‬ ‫ܠܐ ‪ܰ .‬ܘܰܠܶܢ ܕ‬ ‫ܽܰܘܪܚܐ ܕܚܟܐܬܐ ܰܠ ܠ ܺ ܰܕܡܘ‪ܰ .‬ܦܳܠ ܰܰܕܪ ܘ ܺ‬ ‫ܫܒܢܶ ̇‬ ‫ܢܥ ܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܟܕ ܳܐܘ ܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܣܪܐܝ݂ܶܠ ܟ ܳܡܐ ܰܪܒ ܰܒܝܗ ܕ ܳܡܪܝܳܐ ܐ ܳܠ ܳܗܐ‪ܰ .‬ܘ ܺܰܪܠܟ ܰܘ ܺܪܘܠ ܚ ݂ܰܪ ܐ ܕܩܢ ܢܢܥ ܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܠܝ ݂ܶܠܗ ܰܣ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܦܐ‪ .‬ܘܪ ܽܗܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܟܗ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܠ ݁‬ ‫ܝ ܠܥ ܗ ܽ ܘܫܚܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܟܘ ܰܬ ܳܡܢ ܐ݂ܶܬ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܝ‪ .‬ܗܠܢܝ ݁ ܰܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܗܘܘ ܰܪܘ ܒܝܐ‬ ‫ܝܠ ܬܕܘ ܰܓܢ ܳܒܪ ܐ ܳܗ ݂ܶܠܝܢ ܰܕ ̈ܫ ܳܡ ܳܗ ܬܬܐ ܬܕ ݂ܶܡܽܢ ܒܪܫܽ ܬ‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܶܒ‪ :‬ܘܠܕܡܢ ܩܪܒܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܟܙ ܠ ܗ ܳܘܐ ܠ ܳܗ ݂ܶܠܝܢ ܓ ܬ ܳܒܐ ܐ ܳܠ ܳܗܐ‪ܰ .‬ܦܳܠ ܰܘܪܚܐ ܕܚܟܐܬܐ ܠܰܥ ܗܒ ܠ ܽܥ ܗܘ ‪.‬‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܘܣ ܳ‬ ‫ܡܽܬܐ ܽ‬ ‫ܽܘܟ ܳܶܠ‪ .‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܟܚ ݂ܶܘ ܬ ܰ‬ ‫ܰܒܝܕܘ ܝ ݁ܒ ܰܶܝܝ‬ ‫ܐܒ ܬܕܘ ݂ܶܡܛܠ ܕ ܰܠܽܝ ܗ ܳܘܐ ܬܒܽ ܽܗܘܢ ܚ݂ܶ ܬܟ ܰ ܬ‬ ‫ܚܫܒܬܐ‪ܽ .‬ܛܠ ݁ܕ ܰܠ ݁‬ ‫ܝ ܗܘܐ ܒ ܽܥ ܗܘ ݂݁ ܺ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ‬ ‫ܪܡܝܐ‪.‬‬ ‫݂ܶ ܰ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܳ ݂ܶ ܳ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܥܢ ̈ܢܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܐܚܬܗ ܡܢ‬ ‫ܟܛ ܰܡܢ ܣܠܩ ܠܫܡܝܐ‪ .‬ܘܢܣܒܗ ܘ ܬ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܠ ܰܰܘ ܰ ܽܢܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܒܪ ܡܒ ܰܪܘܗܝ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܚܪ݂ܗ ݁ܕܠܰܐܝܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݁‬ ‫ܝܥ ܗ ܰܘܰܣܩ ̇‬ ‫ܰܫܟܚ ̇‬ ‫ܝܥ ܗ ܰܠܝܟ ݁ ܰܕܠ ܰܕܗܒܝܐ‬ ‫ܰܓܒܢܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳܰ ܽ ܳ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܫܒ ̈ܝ ݂ܶܠܝܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܠ ܰܠܝ ܕܝ ܬܕܥ ܐ‬ ‫ܘܪܚܗ ܐ ܬܦܶܠ ܬܕ ݂ܶܡ ܬܬܪܥ݂ܶܐ ܬ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܠܒ ݂ܶܐ ܳܠ ܰܗܘ ܕܝ ܳ ܬ ܰܕܥ ܽܟܠ‪ܽ :‬ܗܘܝܽܘ ܝ ܳ ܬ ܰܕܥ ܳܠ ܗ‪݁ ܰ .‬‬ ‫ܫܟܚ ̇ܥ ܗ ݁ܒܚܟܐܬܗ ܰܗܘ ݁ ܰܕ ݂ܰܩܝ ܰܪܡܝܐ‬ ‫ܠ ܥ ܰܶܡ ܡ ܺ‬ ‫ܶܝܐܢ ‪ܶ .‬ܝ ̇ܥ ܗ ݁ܒ ܺܥܢܪܐ ܰܕ ݁‬ ‫ܰܪܒ ܰܥܬ ܓܶ ̇‬ ‫ܢܥ ܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܠܓ ܰܗܘ ݁ ܰܕ ܰܫ ݁ ܰܕܪ ܽܢܘܗܪ ܐ ܘܰܙܠ‪ܰ .‬ܘܩܪܠܥ ܗܝ ܘ ݁‬ ‫ܰܫܬ ܰ ܠܥ ܗ‪ܰ .‬ܘܡܢܢܥ ܗܝ ݁ ܰܒܪ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

2 Epistle of Baruch Ch. 

 

If you had walked in the way of God you would have dwelt in peace for time everlasting.



Learn where to find wisdom, where to find strength, where to find understanding, so that you may perceive at the same time1 where to find2 long life, where is life, where is that light of the eyes?



Peace — who has found its dwelling-place,3 has entered its storehouse, its treasury?



Where are they, the rulers of the age,4 those who rule over life5 on earth?



Those who disported themselves as the birds of heaven, collecting silver and delightful (things) for themselves?6 And that gold in which men put their trust, no end to their possession.



Those acquiring silver, taken over by worry for it,7 no limit8 to their worldly goods.9



They were destroyed, they went down to Sheol: and others took their place.



Youths have been honored,10 and dwelt on earth: they did not know the way of wisdom, of love.



They did not understand its pathways, nor seize hold of it; its children forsook it,11 rebelled.



It was not heard in Canaan, nor seen in Teman.

1

‘at the same time’: lit. ‘together’.

2

‘to find’1,2,3: lit. ‘is’.

3

‘dwelling-place’: lit. ‘place’.

4

‘rulers of the age’ or ‘rulers of the world’. See Introduction. Addenda 1,2.

5

‘life’ or ‘the beast(s)’.

6

‘collecting silver … for themselves’: lit. ‘silver putting for them’.

7

‘taken over worry for it’: lit. ‘carrying its care’.

8

‘limit’: lit. ‘number’.

9

‘worldly goods’: lit. ‘makings/workings’.

‘been honored’: lit. ‘seen light’. The metaphorical meanings of ‘light’ include ‘honor’. 10

11

‘forsook it’: lit. ‘separated themselves/their soul from its way’.



‫ܐܓܪܬܐ̈ܕܒܪܘܟ̈ܕܬܪܬܝܢ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܓ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܕ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܗ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܘ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܙ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝ ܚ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܛ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟܐ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟܒ‬

‫ܰ ܽܠܝܝܘ ܰܗܠܝ ݁‬ ‫ܝܟ ݁ ܽܒܐܘܪܚܝܝܥ ܗ ݁ ܰܕܠܐܝܝܥ ܗܐ‪ :‬ܡ ܰܐܝܝܪ ܗ ܰܘ ݁ܬ ݁ ܰܒܫܶܝܐܝܝܐ ܰܙܒܢܝܝܐ ܰܕܠ ܥ ܰܶܝܝܡ‬ ‫ܡ ܺ‬ ‫ܶܝܐܢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܝ ܰܠ ܬܦ ܰܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܝܟܽܘ ܽܣܽܘ ܳܟ ܳܶܠ‪݁ .‬ܕ݂ ݁ ܰܕܥ ܰܰ ܚܝܕܐ ܰܰ ݁ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܝܟܘ ܰܚܝ ܳܶܠ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܬܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܠܟܝܘ‬ ‫ܝܟܐ ܗܝ ܚ݂ܶ ܬܟ‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫ܽܢܘܓܪܐ ܕܠܰܘ ܬܐ ܕ ܰܚܢܐ‪݁ ܰܰ .‬ܠܟܐ ܰ ܽܢܘ ܰܚܢܐ‪ܰ ݁ ܰܰ .‬‬ ‫ܠܟܘ ܰܗܘ ܽܢܘܗܪ ܐ ܕ ܰܡܢܢܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܽ ݂ܶ ܰ ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܫܟܚ ܐ ܬܬܪ݂ܶܗ‪ܰ .‬ܘ ܰ ܽܢܘ ܰܡܠ ܰܠܘܨܪܗ ܰܘܠ ܒܝ ݁ ܰܓܙܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܫܠܽܡܐ‪ :‬ܡܢܘ ܐ‬ ‫݁ ݁ܰ ܺ‬ ‫ܰܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܟܐ ܐ ݂ܶ ܽܢܘܢ ܰܫܠܽ ̈ܝܛ݂ܶܐ ܬܕ ܳܥ ܳ‬ ‫ܫܬܠ ܛܢ ܰܡܠ ܰܚ ܽܢܘ݂ܐ ܰܕ ܰܪܡܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܠܽܡܐ‪ܰ .‬ܘܰܠܶܢ ܕ‬ ‫ܰ ݂ܶ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܰ ܳ ݂ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܢܐܢܝ ܠ ܽ‬ ‫ܣܦܐ ܣ ܺ‬ ‫ܫܬܥ݂ܶܝܢ‪ .‬ܘ ݁‬ ‫ܝܥ ܗܘ ݁ܒ ܺܣܢܐܝܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܚܬܐ ܬܕܫܡܝܐ ܡ‬ ‫ܘܐܝܠܝܢ ܕ ܬܒ ܬܦܪ ܬ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫ܘܕܗܒܐ ܰܗܘ ܰܕ݂ ܺ ܢܶܢ ܡܶܘܗܝ ܒܢܢܢܫܐ‪ .‬ܘܠܝ ܣܘܦܐ ܠ ܩܢ ܢܢܥ ܗܘ ‪.‬‬ ‫݂ܶ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰܐ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܬܗ‪ܰ .‬‬ ‫ܘܠ ݁‬ ‫ܝ ܢ ܢܢܐ ܰܠ ܺ‬ ‫ܥܒܢܕ݂ ܽܗܘ ‪.‬‬ ‫ܝܠܝܢ ܕ ܬ ݂ܶܟܣܦܐ ܩܢ݂ܶܝܢ‪ܰ :‬ܘܫܩܝܠܝܢ ܨ ܬܦ ܬ‬ ‫ܫܝܘܠ‪ܰ .‬ܘܰܚܪܶܢ ܩܐܘ ܚܶܝ ܰܦ ܽ‬ ‫ܐ ݂ܶ ܬܬ ܰܚ ܰܒܠܘ ܰܘܢ ܚ݂ܶ ܬܬܘ ܰܠ ܽ‬ ‫ܢܥ ܗܘ ‪.‬‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܚܙܘ ܽܢܘܗܪ ܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܶܝܢܐܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܐܪܘ ݁ ܰܒܐܪܡܐ‪ܰ .‬ܘܪܚܐ ܕ ܽܣܘ ݁ ܳܠ ܕܪܚܐܬܐ ܰܠ ܠ ܺ ܰܕܡܘ‪.‬‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ ݂ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܫܒ ̈ܝ ݂ܶܠܝܽܽܗ ܳܐ ܬܦ ܽ ܳܶܠ ܰܚ ܽ‬ ‫ܡܣܢܽܽܘܗ‪ܰ .‬ܘܒܢܢ ܝ ̇ܥ ܗ ܝ ܰܘܪܚܝ ̇‬ ‫ܝܥ ܗ ܰܪܚܩܝܝܘ‬ ‫ܘܠ ܐܣܬ ܰܟ ܽܘ ܬ‬ ‫ܢܰܦ ܽ‬ ‫ܫܥ ܗܘ ܰܘ ܰܪܕܘ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ݁ ݁ ܰ‬ ‫ܳ ݂ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܫܬ ܰ‬ ‫ܬ ܰ‬ ‫ܠܐ ‪.‬‬ ‫ܡܥ ܬܬ ܰܒ ܬܟ ܰܢܥܢ‪ܰ .‬ܦܳܠ ݂ܰܚܙܬ ܒ‬ ‫ܠܐ‬

‫‪‬‬

2 Epistle of Baruch Ch. 



Chapter  

Mighty Lord God of Israel: the troubled soul, the distressed spirit, the weary body cry out to you.



Hear, Lord God, have mercy! for you are merciful and compassionate. Have mercy on us, for we have sinned before you.



For you are eternal; but we perish eternally.



Mighty Lord, God of Israel: hear the prayer of those who died in Israel, even of their children, those who sinned before you, who did not obey the voice of the Lord their God: for curses and evils have remained1 with us.



Do not call to mind the iniquity, the folly of our fathers, but call to mind your hand, your name, at this time.



For you are the Lord our God; we will praise you, Lord.



Therefore you have put your awe into our heart(s), so that we may call upon your holy name, praise you in our captivity: for you have made us aware of all the evils and iniquity of our fathers, those who sinned before you.



See us today, in our captivity, into which you scattered us: as a curse, as a reproach, to be reviled,2 for condemnation, as befits all the follies and iniquity of our fathers, those who rebelled against you, Lord our God.



Hear, Israel, the commandment of life; take heed so that you may know3 understanding and wisdom.



What has happened,4 Israel? — for you have grown old in the land of your enemies, been defiled in a foreign land.



You were counted amongst5 the dead, with those who go down to Sheol,



For you forsook the fount of wisdom. 1

‘remained with’: lit. ‘cleaved to’.

2

‘to be reviled’: lit. ‘for reviling’.

3

‘so that you may know’: lit. ‘to know’.

4

‘has happened’: lit. ‘is this’.

5

‘counted amongst’: lit. ‘reckoned with’.



‫ܐܓܪܬܐ̈ܕܒܪܘܟ̈ܕܬܪܬܝܢ‬

‫݂ܶ‬ ‫݂ܶܩ ܬ ܰܦܶܠ ܳܘܢ‪ :‬ܓ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ܐ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܒ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܓ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܕ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܗ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܘ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܙ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܚ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܛ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܐ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܒ‬

‫ܳ‬ ‫ܝܣܪܐܝ݂ܶܽܠ‪ .‬ܢܰܦܫܝܐ ܕ ܽܒܐܘܠ ܝܨ ܶܢ‪ܽ :‬‬ ‫ܝܠܽܬ ܳܢ ܰܐ ܳܠ ܳܗܐ ܬܕ ܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪܘܚܝܐ ܰܕܒ ܰܟܪܠܽܝܘ݂ܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܳܡܪܝܳܐ ܰܚ ܬ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܘܦܓܪܐ ܥܩܐ ܓ ܰܥܘ ܠ ܘ݂ܟ‪.‬‬ ‫ܝܬ ܰܘ ܰܪܚܦܢܝܐ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܫܡܥ ܳܡܪܝܳܐ ܰܐ ܳܠ ܳܗܐ ݂ܶܘ ܬܐܬ ܰܪ ܰܚܡ‪ܽ .‬ܛܝܠ ݁ ܰܕ ܰܪܚܐܢܝܐ ܰܰܢ ݁‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܘܪܚܝܡ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܡܶܢ ‪ .‬ܛܠ ݁ ܰܕܚܛܢ ܩܕ ܰ ݁ܢܟ‪.‬‬ ‫݂ܶܡ ܽܛܠ ܰܕ ܐܢܬ ܰܩ ܳܝܡ ܰܐܢܬ ܠ ܳܥ ܰܠܡ‪ܰ .‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܚܢ ܰܒ ݁ ܺܕ ܰܠܢ ܠ ܥ ܰܶܡ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܨܠܽܽܘܬܳܐ ܬ ܰܕ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܫܡܽܽܥ ܽ‬ ‫ܽܽܗܐ ܬܕ ܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܠܽܽܽܬ ܳܢ ܰܐ ܳܠ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܣܪܐܝ݂ܶܽܽܠ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܽܽܝܘ‬ ‫ܐܝܠܝܽܽܢ ܕܡ ܬ‬ ‫ܳܡܪܝܳܽܽܐ ܰܚ ܳ ܬ‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ̈ ܽ ܰ ݂ܶ ܰ ܰ‬ ‫ܒܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܩܕ ܰܡܝ ‪ .‬ܘܰܠ ܰ‬ ‫ܚܛܘ ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܫܐܥܘ ݁ܒܩܶܥ ܗ ݁ܕ ܪܠܝܐ‬ ‫ܝܣܪܐܝ݂ܶܠ‪ :‬ܐ ܬܦ ܕ ܬܒܢܝܗܘܢ ܐܝܠܝܢ ܕ‬ ‫ܰܰܠ ܽ‬ ‫ܥ ܗܗܘ ‪ܰ .‬ܘܕܒܩ ݁ ܰܒ ܰܠ ܘܶܬܐ ܺ‬ ‫ܘܒܢܫܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ ݂ܶ ܰ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܐܒ ܰܗܝ ̈ܢ‪ܰܰ .‬ܠ ܰ ݂݁ ݁ ܰܕ ܪ ܺܰܠܕܟ ܰ‬ ‫ܟ ܬܘܬܳܐ ܬ ܰܕ ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܠܫܐܟ ݁ܒ ܰܙܒܢܐ ܗܶܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܠ ܬܬܬܕ ܬܟܪ ܥܘܠ ܘܣ ܬ‬ ‫݂ܶܡ ܽܛܠ ܰܕ ܐܢܬ ܽܗܘ ܳܡܪܝܳܐ ܰܐ ܳܠ ܰܗܢ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܢܫܒ ܳܚ ܬ ܳܡܪܝܳܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݂ܶܡ ܽܛܠ ܳܗ ܳܢ ܝܰܗ ܬܒܽܬ ܕ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܚܠܽܽܬ ܬܟ ܒ ݂ܶܠܽ ܰܒܽܢ‪݁ .‬ܕܢܩܝܪ ܐ ܰܠܫܐܝܟ ܰܩ ݁ ܺܕܠܫܝܐ ܰܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܢܫ ݁ܒܚܝܟ‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫݁ܰ ܺ ܰ‬ ‫ܟ ܰܡܠ ܠ ݁ ܰܒ ݁ ܽܟܝܥ ܗܠ ݁ ܺܒܢܫܝܬܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܰܗܦ ݁‬ ‫ܝ ‪ܽ .‬ܛܠ ݁ ܰܕ ݁‬ ‫ܘܡܝܘܰܠ ܰܕ ܰܒ ܰܥ ܗܠܝ ‪:‬‬ ‫ܒܫܒ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫ܗܠܢ ܕܚܛܘ ܩܕ ݁ܢܟ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܺ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܗܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܝܝ ݁ܕ ܰܒܝܝ ݁ ܰܕ ݁ܪ݂ ܠܠܰܝܝܘܶܬܐ ܰܘܠ ܚ ݁‬ ‫ܣܝܝܕܐ ܰܘܠ ܽܚܝܝܘܣܕܐ‬ ‫ܚܢܝܝ ܠܰܘ ܢܝܝܐ ܒܫܒ‬ ‫ܘܡܝܘܰܠ ܰܕ ܰܒ ܰܥ ܗܠܝ ‪ܰܰ .‬ܠܶܢܝ ݁ ܰܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܰܘܠ ܰܚܢ ܽܒܘ݂ܐ‪ܰܰ :‬ܠܟ ݁ ܽܟܝܥ ܗܠ ܰܣܟܝܘ݂ܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܪܕܘ ܢܝܟ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܪܠܐ ܰܠ ܰܥ ܗ ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܘܩܕܶܢ ܕ ܰܚܢܐ‪ܽ .‬‬ ‫ܫܐ ܐܠܣܪܐܠܠ ݁ ܽܦ ݁‬ ‫ܘܨܘ݂ ܠ ܐ ݁ ܰܕܥ ܽܣܘ ݁ ܳܠ ܘܚܟܐܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܽܛܝܠ ݁ܕ ܰܒܐܪܡܝܐ ܰܕܒܥܶ ݁ܕܒܒܝܐ ܒ ܺܶ ݁‬ ‫ܝܝ‪ܰ .‬‬ ‫ܘܒܐܪܡܝܐ ܽܢܝܘ ܪ ݁ܬܐ‬ ‫ܰܢܘ ܐܠܣܪܐܠܝܠ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ ݂݁ܶ ܰܢܦ ݁ܬ‪.‬‬ ‫݁ܰ‬ ‫ܰܡܡ ܺ ܝܐ ݂ܰܚܫܒ ݁ܬ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܬܝ ܽ‬ ‫ܫܢܘܠ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܡܡ ܢܚ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܫܒܩܬ ܰܡ ܽܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܰܕ ܬ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܥܐ ܬܕܚ݂ܶ ܬܟ ܬ‬

‫‪‬‬

2 Epistle of Baruch Ch. 



You have made the house that was called by your name a desolation, as today, because of the wickedness of the house of Israel, of the house of Judah.



And you have done to us, Lord our God, according to all your grace,1 according to all your will, and according to your great mercies.



As you spoke through your servant Moses, on the day when you commanded him to write your law, in the sight of the children of Israel, saying:



If you will not hear my voice, this people, many and great, will become few, will be diminished, among the peoples where I have scattered them.



For I know that they do not listen to me: for it is a stiff-necked people, they will choose2 the land of their captivity.



Yet they will know that I am the Lord their God: for I will give them an understanding heart, ears that they may hear.



They will praise me, in the land of their captivity; they will remember my name.



They will repent of their obstinacy3 and of their evil deeds, for they will remember the way of their fathers, those who sinned before the Lord.



And I will bring them back to the land that I swore to their fathers, to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob, and they will have dominion over4 it; I will multiply them, they will not be brought low.5



I will establish for them an eternal covenant: I will be their God, and they will be my people, and never again will I move my people Israel from this land which I have given to them.

1

‘grace’: lit. ‘sweetness’.

2

‘choose’: lit. ‘turn in their heart to’.

3

‘repent of their obstinacy’ or ‘turn from the hardness of their neck’.

4

‘have dominion over’ or ‘take possession of’.

5

‘brought low’: lit. ‘diminished’.



‫ܐܓܪܬܐ̈ܕܒܪܘܟ̈ܕܬܪܬܝܢ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟܘ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟܙ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟܚ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟܛ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܠ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܠ‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܰ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܫܡ ܽ ܬ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܪܒ ܽܐ ܰܐܝ ܽ ܬ ܕܝ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܐ ܬܕ݂ܶ ܬܐܬܩܽܽܪܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܥܠܽܽܘܗܝ ܠ ܽܚ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡ ܳܢܽܽܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܥܒܕܬܝܽܽܗܝ ܠ ܬܒ ܽ‬ ‫ܘ ܬ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݂ܶܡܛܠ ܒ ܽ‬ ‫ܝ ܝ ܽܗ ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܕ ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܝ ܐܝܣܪܐܝ݂ܶܠ ܰ ܬܘܕ ܬ ݂ܶܒ ܬ‬ ‫ܝܫ ܬܘܬܐ ܬܕ ܬ ݂ܶܒ ܬ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܰ ܽ ܳ ܰ ܽ ܳ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܥܒܕܬ ܠܢ ܡܪܝܐ ܐܠ ܗܢ ܐܝ ܬ ܟܽܗ ܒܣ‬ ‫ܝܡ ܬܘܬ ܬܟ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܝ ܬ ܽܟܗ ܨ݂ܶ ܬܒ ܳܝ ܳܢ ܬ ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܝ ܬ‬ ‫ܘ ܬ‬ ‫ܰ ݂̈ܶ‬ ‫ܰܪ ܰ‬ ‫ܚܡܝ ܣܓܝܐܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݂ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ܳ ܰ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܺܠܬ ܒ ܰܝ ܬܕ ܰܥ ܬܒ ܳܕ ܬܟ ܽܡܘܫ݂ܶܐ ܬܒ ܰܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܽܟ ܬܒ ܢܳ ܽܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܝܟܢܐ ܬܕܡ‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ܬܕ ܬ ܰܦ ݂ܶܩܕܬܝܗܝ ܠ ܡ ܬ‬ ‫ܽܘܣ ܬ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܠ ܥܝܢ ̈ܒ ܰܢܝ ܐܝܣܪܐܝ݂ܶܠ ܠ ܡ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ‪.‬‬ ‫ܙܡܝ ܽ‬ ‫ܫܡܥܽܽܘܢ ܒ ܳܩܠܽܽܝ‪ܰ .‬ܡܐܝܝܐ ܗܶܢ ܰܣ ݁ ܺܓܢܝܝܐܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܥ ܗܦ ܽܟܝܝܘ ܰܠ ܽ‬ ‫ܐ݂ܶܢ ܳܠ ܬܬ ݂ܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܪ ݁ܒ ܝܐ ܢ ݁‬ ‫ܝܘܪܘ݂ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܘܢܬ ݁ ܰܒ ܽܨܪܘ ݁ ܰܒܢܢܬ ܰܡ ̈ܡܐܐ ܕ ܰܒ ݁ܕܪ݂ ܰ ܽܢܘ ܠ ܬ ‪.‬‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܽܛܠ ݁ܕܠ ܰܕܥ ܰܶܢ ܕܰܠ ܫ ܺ‬ ‫ܐܥܢ ܺܠܝ‪ .‬ܛܠ ݁ܕ ܰܡ ܰܐܐ ܗܘ ܩܫܐ ܩܕܰܠ‪ .‬ܘܢܬ ݁ܦ ܽܢܝܘ‬ ‫݁ܒܶ ݁ܒ ܽܥ ܗܘ ܰܰܠܪܡܐ ܰܕ ܺ‬ ‫ܫܒܝ ܽܗܘ ‪.‬‬ ‫ܗܗܘܢ‪ .‬ܘ ݂݁ܰܠ ܠ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܢ݂ܶܕ ܽܥܘܢ ܕ݂ܶ ܳܐܢ ܐ ܳܢ ܳܡܪܝܳܐ ܰܐ ܳܠ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܥ ܗܘ ܠ ݁ܒܝܐ ܰܣ ݁ ܽܟܝܘܠ ܬܶܢ ܘ ܬܰ ̈ܕ ܶܢ‬ ‫ܕܢ ܽ‬ ‫ܫܐܥܘ ‪.‬‬

‫ܢܫܒ ܽܚܘܢܳܢ ܝ ܰܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܒ ܰܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܝ ܽܗܘܢ‪ .‬ܘܢ݂ܶܬ ܰܕ ܬܟ ܽܪܘܢ ܫ݂ܶܡܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܐܪܥܐ ܬ ܰܕ ܬ‬ ‫ܫܒ ܬ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܢܬ ܽ‬ ‫ܰܩ ܽ‬ ‫ܫܢܘ݂ ܩܕܠ ܽܥ ܗܘ ܘ ܡܒ ܰܕ ܠ ܽܥ ܗܘ ݁ ܺܒܢܫܐ‪ .‬ܛܠ ݁ܕܢ ݁ܬ ݁ ܰܕ ܽܝܪܘ‬ ‫ܘܒܘ‬ ‫ܠܓ ܘ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ܽ ܰ‬ ‫݁ܰ ܰ‬ ‫ܰܘܪܚܐ ܕ ܰܒܥ ܗܠܥ ܗܘ ܰܠܶܢ ܕܚܛܘ ܩܕ ܪܠܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܠܕ ܰܘ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܝܣܚܩ ܰܘܠ ܰܝ ܽ‬ ‫ܐܗܦ ܬ ܐ ݂ܶ ܽܢܘܢ ܰܠ ܳ‬ ‫ܝ ܰܠ ܬ ܳܒ ܰܗܝ ̈ ܽܗܘܢ‪ܰ :‬ܠ ܬܒ ܳܪ ܳܗܡ ܘܠ ܳ‬ ‫ܽܘܒ‪.‬‬ ‫ܥܩ ܬ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ ܳܗܝ ܕܝܡ ݂ܶ ܬ‬ ‫݂ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܣܓܐ ܐ ܽܢܘܢ ܳܘܠ ܢ ݂ܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܫܬܠ ܽܛܘܢ ܳܒܗ‪ܰ .‬ܘ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܙܥܪܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܢ‬ ‫ܩܝ ܳܡܐ ܠ ܳܥ ܰܠܡ‪ .‬ܘܰܗܘܐ ܠ ܽܥ ܗܘ ܰܰܠ ܥ ܗܐ‪ :‬ܘܗ ܽܢܝܘ ܢ ܽ‬ ‫ܠܗ ܰܘܐܩܝܡ ܠ ܽܗܘܢ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܥ ܗܘܘ ܺܠܝܝ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰܰܪܡܐ ܗܝ ݁ܕܠ ݁‬ ‫ܥ ܗܒܬ ܠ ܽܥ ܗܘ ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰܡܐܐ‪ .‬ܘܰܠ ܰ ܺܙܠ ݂݁ܘܒ ܠ ܰܥܐܝ ܐܠܣܪܐܠܠ‬

‫‪‬‬

2 Epistle of Baruch Ch. 



Lord, open your eyes, see!1 For the dead, those who have gone down to Sheol, those whose spirit has been taken up from their bodies,2 will not give praise and thanks and righteousness to the Lord.



But the weary soul, grieved by its insignificance,3 living4 in humility and sickness, facing loneliness,5 the hungry soul: he, Lord, will give you praise, righteousness.



For we do not put our trust in6 our righteousness, or in the righteousness of our fathers or of our kings; we seek mercy from you, we set before you our supplication, Lord our God.



For you have turned upon us all your anger and your fury, as you spoke through your servants the prophets. You said:



Bow your shoulder(s), serve the king of Babylon — and live in the land which I gave to your fathers.



But if you do not obey the voice of the Lord, (telling you) to serve the king of Babylon,



I will make an end of the cities of Judah, of the surroundings of Jerusalem; I will do away with the voice of rejoicing, the voice of delight, the voice of the bridegroom and the voice of the bride: the whole land will be desolate; no-one will live in it.



And we did not obey you,7 and serve the king of Babylon; so you brought to pass your words, which you spoke through your servants the prophets: that they would bring out from their place, from their graves, the bones of our kings, the bones of our fathers.



And see! They are cast out in the parching heat of day, in the ice of the night; they have died in terrible pain,8 by famine, by the sword, by the blade, and in captivity.

1

‘see’: the same Syriac root as ‘Watch’ in v. 16.

2

‘bodies’: lit. ‘bowels’.

3

‘grieved by its insignificance’: lit. ‘sad for itself concerning its importance’.

4

‘living’: lit. ‘walking’.

5

‘facing loneliness’: lit. ‘eyes bereaved’.

‘we do not put our trust in’: lit. ‘it was not in our righteousness … that we put our trust’. 6

7

‘obey you’: lit. ‘hear your voice’.

8

‘terrible pain’: pl.



‫ܐܓܪܬܐ̈ܕܒܪܘܟ̈ܕܬܪܬܝܢ‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܰܘܚܙܝ‪ܽ .‬ܛܝܠ ݁ܕܰܠ ܺ ܝܝܐ ܰܰܠܶܢܝ ݁ ܰܕܢ ܚܝܬܘ ܰܠ ܽ‬ ‫ܫܢܝܘܠ‪:‬‬ ‫݁ ܽ ݁ ݁ܽ ݁ ܰ‬ ‫ܚܐ ܽ‬ ‫ܽܪ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܚܝܥ ܗܘ ܝ ܰ ܰ‬ ‫ܘ݂ ݁ ܺ‬ ‫ܘܕܬܐ‬ ‫ܢܝܥ ܗܘ ܢܬܠܝܘ ݂ܫܒܝܘܚܬܐ‬

‫ܰ‬ ‫ܝܙ ܦ ܬܬܚ ܳܡܪܝܳܐ ܰܥ ̈ܝ ܰܢܝ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݁ ݁ܰ‬ ‫ܰܫܬ ܰ‬ ‫ܩܶ ݁‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫ܰܠܶܢ ܕ‬ ‫ܰܘܙ ݁ ܺܕ ܽܠܩܘ݂ܐ ܠ ܐܪܠܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܽ ܳ‬ ‫݂ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܽܘܬܳܗ‪ܰ :‬ܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܽܘܬܐ‬ ‫ܝ ܚ ܐܠ ܢܰ ܬܦ ܳܫܽܽܐ‬ ‫ܡܗܠ ܬ ܳܟܽܽܐ ܬܒ ݂ܶܡܟ ܬܝܟܽ ܬ‬ ‫ܡܥܩܽܽܬܐ ܬܕ ܬ ܰܟܪܝܳܽܽܐ ܳܠ ܽܽܗ ܰܥܽܽܠ ܪ ܽܒܽ ܬ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ̈ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܢܽܬܐ‪ :‬ܢ݂ܶܬ ܽܠܽܘܢ ܳܠܽ ܬ ܬ ܽ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܬܒ ܬ ܽܟ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ̈ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܫܒܽܘܚܬܐ‬ ‫ܡܓܽܙ ܬ‬ ‫ܝܐ‪ :‬ܘܢܰ ܬܦ ܳܫܽܐ ܬܟ ܬܦ ܬ‬ ‫ܘܪܗ ܳܢ ܘܥܝܢܽܐ ܬ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰܘܙ ܕ ܽܝܩ ܬܘܬܐ ܳܡܪܝܳܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ ܳ ܰ ܰ ܽ ܰ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܘܬܢ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܥܠ ܰܙ ܕ ܽܝܩ ܬܘܬܳܐ ܬ ܰܕ ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܒ ܰܗܝ ̈ܢ ܰ ܬܘܕ ܰܡ ̈ܠܽ ܰܟܝܽܢ ܬ ܬܟܝܠܝܽܢ‬ ‫ܝܛ ݂ܶܡܛܠ ܕܠ ܗܘܐ ܥܠ ܙ ܕܝܩ‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݁ܰ‬ ‫ܘܒܥ ݂ܶ ܰܝܢܢ ܰܪ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܚ ܰܢܢ ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܚܡܐ ݂ܶܡܽܢ ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܬ ܩܕ ܰ ݁‬ ‫ܢܝܟ ܪܠܝܐ‬ ‫ܩܕ ܰܡܝܽ ‪ .‬ܘܪ ܢܝ ܚ ܰܢܝ ݂݁ ܫܦܝ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰܠ ܰܥ ܗ ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܰ‬ ‫ܟ ݁ ܽܟܝ ̇ܥ ܗ ܚܐܬܟ ܽ‬ ‫ܰܗܦ ݁‬ ‫ܽܛܠ ݁ ܰܕ ݁‬ ‫ܡܶܢ ‪ܰ .‬ܠܟ ݁ܕ ܰ ܠ ݁ܬ ݁ܒ ܰܢܕ ܰܡܒ ݁ ܰܕ ݁ܠܟ‬ ‫ܘܪܘܓܙܟ‬ ‫ܟ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܢܒܢܐ ܘܰ ܰ ܪ݂‪݁.‬‬ ‫ܟܐ ܰܕ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܟ ܬܦ ܬ ܽܟܽܘܢ‪ܰ .‬ܘܦ ܽܶܘܚܝܘ ܠ ܰܐ ݁‬ ‫ܶܝܟܝܐ ܕܒܒܝܠ‪ .‬ܘ݂ܒܝܘ ݁ ܰܒܐܪܡܝܐ ܕܠ ݁‬ ‫ܥ ܗܒܝܬ‬ ‫ܐܪܟܢܘ ܰ ܬ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰܠܒ ܰܥ ܗܠ ݁ ܽܟܘ ‪.‬‬ ‫ܟܒ ݂ܶܘܐܢ ܳܠ ܬܬ ݂ܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܫܡܥܘܢ ܒ ܳܩ ݂ܶܠܗ ܕ ܳܡܪܝܳܐ ܠ ݂ܶܡ ܬܦ ܰܠܚ ܠ ܰܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܽܟܐ ܬܕ ܬ ܳܒ ܬ ݂ܶܒܠ‪.‬‬ ‫ܐܕ ܠܢܝܬܐ ܺܕ ܽ‬ ‫ܠܝܥ ܗܘܕ ܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܒܚܝܕ ܰܝ ܽܰܘܪܫܶܝܡ‪ܰ .‬ܘ ݁‬ ‫ܟܓ ݁ܓ ܽܐܘܪܠܐ ܰ ݁ܡܒܝܕ ݁ ܰܒ ܺ‬ ‫ܰܘܒܝܕ ܩܝܳܠ ܰܕܕܠܝܨ ܐ‬ ‫ܘܩܳܠ ܕ ܰܚ ܽܕܘ݂ܐ‪ :‬ܩܳܠ ܕ ܰܚܬܶܢ ܘܩܳܠ ܕ ܰܟܝܬܐ‪ .‬ܘ݂ܗܘܐ ܽܟܝ ̇ܥ ܗ ܰܰܪܡܝܐ ܠ ܽܚ ݁‬ ‫ܘܪܒܝܐ ܝ‬ ‫݁ܒ ܰܶܝ ݁ܕܡ ܰܐܪ ݁ܒ ̇ܥ ܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܫܡܥܢ ܒ ܳܩ ܳܠ ܬ ܠ ݂ܶܡ ܬܦ ܰܠܚ ܠ ܰܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܽܟܽܐ ܬܕ ܬ ܳܒ ܬ ݂ܶܒܽܠ‪ܰ .‬ܘ ܺܰܩ ݁‬ ‫ܟܕ ܳܘܠ ܰ‬ ‫ܢܐܝܬ ݁ܦܬܓ ܰܐܢ ݁ܝܟ‬ ‫݁ܕ ܰ ܠ ݁ܬ ݁ ܺܒܐܠܕܐ ܕ ܰܡܒ ݁ ܰܕ ݁ܠܟ ܺ‬ ‫ܢܒܢܐ‪݁ .‬ܕܢ ݁ܦ ܽܩܘ ݁ ܰܓܪ ܐ ܕ ܰ ܶܝ ݁ ܰܟܢ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܓܪ ܝܐ ܰܕ ܰܒ ܰܥ ܗܠܝ‬ ‫ܪܗܘ ‪ .‬ܘ ܰܩܒ ܰܪ ܽ‬ ‫݂ܰܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܠܥ ܗܘ ‪.‬‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܘܒܐ ܬܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܟܗ ܳ‬ ‫ܫܕܝܢ ܒ ܰܫ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܝܡ ܳܡܽܐ ܬ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܒ ܬܓܠ ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܗܐ ܬ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܽܝܘ ܒ ܬܟܐ ܬ ̈ܒܽܐ ܬܒ ̈ܝܫ݂ܶܽܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܝܽܕܐ ܬܒܺܠܽ ܳܝܽܐ ܘܡ ܬ‬ ‫ܪܒܐ ܰܘܒ ܰܣ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܦܐ ܰܘ ܬܒܫ݂ܶ ܬܒ ܳܝܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܒ ܬ ܰܟ ܬܦ ܳܢܐ ܰܘ ܬܒ ܰܚ ܳ ܬ‬

‫‪‬‬

2 Epistle of Baruch Ch. 



The Lord has been watchful concerning the evils; he has brought them upon us because the Lord our God is righteous in all his affairs, that the Lord has commanded us.



But we did not listen to the voice of the Lord our God, that we might observe1 the commandments of the Lord, these which he set before us.



So now, Lord God of Israel, you who brought out your people from the land of Egypt, with a strong hand, with signs and with wonders, with great strength,2 and with a mighty arm: you made for yourself the name that is yours today.3



We have sinned, we have acted foolishly, we have acted wickedly, Lord our God, against4 all your commandments, all your righteousness.



Turn away your anger from us, for we remained (but) a few5 from many; we are few among these peoples among whom you have scattered us.6



But hear, Lord, our prayer, our petition; deliver us, for your name(’s sake), be merciful to us in the sight of our captors.7



So that all the earth may know that you are the Lord our God: for Israel and its family are called by your holy name.



Look, Lord! Watch from your holy dwelling; heed8 us, listen to us.

1

‘that we might observe’ or ‘that we might walk in’.

2

‘strong … strength’: two different Syriac roots.

3

‘the name that is yours today’: lit. ‘a name as of today’.

4

‘against’: lit. ‘in’.

5

‘few … few’: two different Syriac roots.

‘among whom you have scattered us’: lit. ‘that you have scattered us there among them’. 6

‘be merciful to us in the sight of our captors’: lit. ‘give us mercy before our captors’. 7

8

‘heed’: lit. ‘incline your ear’.



‫ܐܓܪܬܐ̈ܕܒܪܘܟ̈ܕܬܪܬܝܢ‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ܛ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܐ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܒ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܓ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܕ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܗ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܘ‬

‫ܽ‬ ‫ܛܝܠ ݁ܕ ܰܙ ݁ ܺܕܠܝܩ ܪܠܝܐ‬

‫ܰ ݁ܺ‬ ‫ܰܬܝ ܰܢܢܝ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܶܢܝ‬ ‫ܘ ݂݁ܰ ݂݁ ܺܡܢܪ ܪܠܐ ܰܡܝܠ ݁ ܺܒܢܫܝܬܐ‪ .‬ܘ‬ ‫ܰܰܠ ܰܥ ܗ ݁ܒ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܥ ܗܘ ܡܒ ܰܕܘܗܝ ݁ܕ ܰܦ ܰ‬ ‫ܩܕ ܪܠܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܫܐܥ ݁ܒܩܶܥ ܗ ݁ܕ ܪܠܝܐ ܰܰܠ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܰܠ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܥ ܗ ‪ܰ ݁ .‬ܕ ܰܢܥ ܗܠܝܟ ݁ܒ ܽܦܘ ݁‬ ‫ܩܕܢܰܝܘܗܝ ݁ܕ ܪܠܝܐ‪ :‬ܗܠܢܝ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݁ܕܠܰܥ ܗܒ ܩܕ ܰ ݁ ܰܦܢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܝܬ ܽܗܘ ܰܕ ݁ܰܦܩܝ ݁‬ ‫ܘܗܫܝܝܐ ܪܠܝܝܐ ܰܰܠ ܝܝܥ ܗܐ ܺܕ ܐܠܣܪܐܠܝܠ‪ܰܰ .‬ܢܝ ݁‬ ‫ܝܬ ܠ ܰܥܐܝܝܟ ܝ ܰܪܡܝܝܐ‬ ‫ܕ ܨܪܠ ‪ܺ ݁ :‬ܒܐܠܕܐ ܰܡ ܺܫ ݁‬ ‫ܢܢܬܐ ܒܝܐ݂ܘ݂ܐ ܰܘܒܬܕ ܝܪ݂ܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܒ ܰܚܢ ܝܳܠ ܰܪ ݁ܒܝܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܒܕܪܡܝܐ ܪ ܝܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܒ ݁ܕ ݂݁ ܠܟ ܫܐܐ ܰܠܟ ݁ܕܠܰܘ ܢܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܩܕܢܰܝ ܰܘܒ ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܚܛܝܢ ܰܘ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܽܗܢ ܒ ܬ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫ܐܪܫܥܽܢ‪ܳ :‬ܡܪܝܳܽܐ ܰܐ ܳܠ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܣܟܽܢ ܰܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܽܽܗܘܢ ܽܦܽ ̈ܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܟܽܽܗ‬ ‫ܬܬ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰܙ ܕ ܽܝܩ ܬܘܬ ܬܟ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܗܦܟ ܚܐܬܟ ܰܢ ‪ܽ .‬ܛܠ ݁ܕ ܰܩ ܺܶܢܠ ܽܗܘ ܰ ݁‬ ‫ܰܰ ݁‬ ‫ܽܣܝܘܓܐܐ‪ܺ .‬ܘܰܬܠܝ‬ ‫ܫܬ ܰܚܪ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܽܙܡܘ ܐ ܒܝ ܰܡ ̈ܡܐܐ ܗܠܢ ݁ܕ ܰܒ ݁ ܰܕ ݁ܪ݂ ܠ ܬ ݁ ܰܒܢܢܬ ܽܗܘ ‪.‬‬ ‫݂ܶ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܽ ܰ ܳ ܽ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܬܢ‪ܰ .‬‬ ‫ܘܦܳܨ ܽܛܝܠ ܫܐܝܟ‪ܰ .‬‬ ‫ܘܗ ݁ ܰܒܢܝ ܠ ܰܪܚܐܝܐ‬ ‫ܐܠ ܫܡܥ ܡܪܝܐ ܨܠ ܬܘܬܢ ܬܘܒܥ ܬ‬ ‫ܩܕ ܫ ܰܒܢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ܕܢ݂ܶܕ ܽܥܘܢ ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܟܽܗ ܰܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ‪ܰ ݁ .‬ܕ ܰܢ ݁ܬ ܽܗܘ ܪܠܐ ܰܰܠ ܰܥ ܗ ‪ܽ .‬ܛܠ ݁ ܰܕܫܐܟ ܰܩ ݁ ܺܕܠܫܐ ݂ܰ ܺ‬ ‫ܩܝܪܝ‬ ‫ܰܡܠ ܐܠܣܪܐܠܠ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܘܡܠ ܰܫ ݁ܪܒܬܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܽܚܘܪ ܳܡܪܝܳܐ ܰܘܚܙܝ ݂ܶܡܢ ܰܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܫܐ‪ܰ .‬ܘܰܪ ݁ ܰܕܢܟ ܰܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܥܡܪ ܬܟ ܰܩܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܫܐ ܰܥܢ ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

2 Epistle of Baruch Ch. 

Chapter  

So the Lord has brought to pass1 his words, everything which he said to us and to our judges, those who judged Israel and Judah; and to our kings, to our noblemen, and to2 the men of the house of Israel and of Judah.



The Lord brought great evils upon us — such as there had never been3 beneath the heavens — upon the whole earth: as that which was done in Jerusalem, as what was written in the law of Moses.



That a man would eat the flesh of his son, a man would eat the flesh of his daughter.



He gave them into the hand(s) of all the kingdoms surrounding us, to ignominy, to devastation, among all the peoples surrounding us: (he gave) us to those (among) whom the Lord scattered them.



We were brought very low, we had no relief at all,4 for we sinned against the Lord our God, we did not listen to his voice.



For the Lord our God is righteous,5 but we and our fathers are ashamed today.6



For the Lord our God warned us of7 all these evils that have come upon us.



But we did not beseech the Lord that everyone8 should turn from the desires of his evil heart.

1

‘brought to pass’: lit. ‘established’.

2

‘to’1,2,3,4,5 or ‘against/concerning’.

3

‘such as there had never been’: lit. ‘which not was there done like them’.

‘brought very low … had no relief at all’: lit. ‘beneath beneath … and not above above’. 4

‘For the Lord our God is righteous’: lit. ‘Righteousness (belongs) to the Lord our God’. 5

‘but we and our fathers are ashamed today’: lit. ‘ours however and our fathers’ is shame of face as today’. Compare with 1:15. 6

7

‘warned us of’: lit. ‘spoke to us’.

8

‘everyone’ or ‘anyone’.



‫ܐܓܪܬܐ̈ܕܒܪܘܟ̈ܕܬܪܬܝܢ‬

‫݂ܶ‬ ‫݂ܶܩ ܬ ܰܦܶܠ ܳܘܢ‪ :‬ܒ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ܐ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܒ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܓ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܕ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܗ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܘ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܙ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܚ‬

‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰܘܐܩܝܡ ܳܡܪܝܳܐ ܬ ݂ܶܦ ܬܬ ܳܓ ܰܡ ̈ܘܗܝ‪݁ .‬ܕ ݁ܕ ܰ ܶܠ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܶܢ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܡܠ ݁ ܰܕܠ ܰܢܢ ‪ܰ :‬ܠܶܢ ݁ܕܕܠܢܺܢܝ‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܗ ܰܘܘ ܰܠܠܣܪܐܠ ܝܠ‪ :‬ܘܠܢܝܝܥ ܗܘܕ ܐ‪ :‬ܘܠ ܐܶܝܟܢ ܝ ܘܠ ܪܘ ܒܢܢ ܝ ‪ :‬ܘܡܝܝܠ ݁ܓܒܝܝܪ ܐ‬ ‫ܘܕ ܽ‬ ‫ܕܒܝ ܐܠܣܪܐܠܠ ܺ‬ ‫ܠܥ ܗܘܕ ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܳ ̈ܳ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܥܒܽ ܬܕ ܰܐ ܬܟ ܳ‬ ‫ܽܝ ܰ‬ ‫ܽܬܐ‪ :‬ܕ ܳܠ ܐ ݂ܶ ܬܬ ܬ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܫܡ ܳܝܽܐ‬ ‫ܽܘ ܬܬ ݂ܶܗܝܢ ܬܚ݂ܶ ܬ‬ ‫ܽܬܐ ܪܘܪ ܬܒ ܬ‬ ‫ܰܘܐܝܝ ܥܠܝܢ ܰ ܡܪܝܐ ܰ ܬܒܝܫ ܬ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰܥܠ ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܥܒܽ ܬܕ ܽܒܐܘܪ݂ܶ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܟܽܗ ܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ‪ :‬ܐܝ ܬ ܕ݂ܶ ܬܐܬ ܬ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܝܽܒ ܒ ܳܢ ܽܡ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܽܘܣܗ‬ ‫ܟ ܬ‬ ‫ܫܠܽܡ‪ :‬ܐܝܽ ܬ ܳܡܽܐ ܬ ܰܕ ܬ ܬ‬ ‫ܕ ܽܡܘܫ݂ܶܐ‪.‬‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܐܟܘܠ ܽܟܠ ܓ ܬ ܰܒܪ ݂ܶܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܣܪܐ ܬ ܰܕ ܬܒܪ݂ܶܗ‪ :‬ܘܢ ݂ܶ ܬ ܽ‬ ‫ܐܟܘܠ ܽܟܠ ܓ ܬ ܰܒܪ ݂ܶܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܕܢ ݂ܶ ܬ ܽ‬ ‫ܣܪܐ ܬܕ ܬ ܰܒ ܬܪܬܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܝܰܽܽܗ ܬܒ ܐ ݂ܶ ܽܢܽܽܘܢ ܒܐܝܽ ܬ ܳܽܕܐ ܬܕ ܬ ܽܟ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܚܕ ܰܪܝܽܽܢ‪ :‬ܠ ܚ݂ܶܣܽ ܳܽܕܐ ܰܘܠ ܰܚ ܳ‬ ‫ܽܗܝܽܽܢ ܰܡ ̈ܠ ܟ ܽ ܳܘ ܬܬܳܐ ܬܕ ܬ ܰܒ ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܒ ܽܐ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܚܕ ܰܪܝܢ‪ܰ :‬ܠܢ ܰܠ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܬܒ ܬ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫ܽܗܘܢ ܰܥ ̈ܡ ݂ܶܡܐ ܬܕ ܬ ܰܒ ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܠܝܢ ܕ ܬ ܰܒ ܰܕܪ ܐ ܽܢܘܢ ܳܡܪܝܳܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܗܘܝܢ ܠ ܬܬܚܬ ܠ ܬܬܚܬ ܘܠ ܠ ܥ݂ܶܠ ܠ ܥ݂ܶܽܠ‪ .‬ܛܝܠ ݁ ܰܕܚܛܢܝ ܠ ܐܪܠܝܐ‬ ‫ܰܰܠ ܰܥ ܗ ‪ .‬ܘܰܠ ܰ‬ ‫ܫܐܥ ݁ܒܩܶܥ ܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܰ ܰ ܽ ܳ ܰ ݂ܶ ܰ ܳ ܰ ̈ ݂ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܗܬ ܬܬ ܰܐ ݂̈ܶܦܐ ܰܐܝ ܬ ܕܝ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡ ܳܢܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܕ ܳܡܪܝܳܐ ܗܝ ܐܠ ܗܢ ܙ ܕܝܩ ܬܘܬܐ‪ :‬ܕܝܠܢ ܕܝܢ ܬܘܕ ܬܐܒܗܝܢ ܒ‬ ‫̈ ܳ ܳ ܳ ݂ܶ ݂ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݂ܶܡ ܽܛܠ ܕ ܰܡ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܐܬ ̈ܝ ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܥܠܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܥܠܝܢ ܳܡܪܝܳܐ ܐ ܳܠ ܰܗܢ ܽܟܽ ݂ܶܗܝܢ ܒܝܫ ܬܬܐ ܗܠܝܢ ܕ ܬ‬ ‫ܪܠܐ ܕܢ ݁ ܽ‬ ‫ܥ ܗܦܘܟ ݁ ܽ ܠ ܢܫ ܨܒܢ ܰܢܝ ܠ ݁ܒܥ ܗ ݁ ܺܒܢܫܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܰܠ ܒ ܰܥܢ‬

‫‪‬‬

2 Epistle of Baruch Ch. 



You will say to the men of Judah and to the inhabitants of Jerusalem that the Lord our God is righteous,1 and that we are ashamed2 today;3



And to our kings, our noblemen, our priests, our prophets, and our fathers,



Those (sins) which we sinned before the Lord our God,



That we did not listen to him, we despised his commandments, we did not obey, we did not listen to the voice of the Lord our God, to keep4 the commandments of the Lord our God which he set before us.5



For from the day when the Lord brought out our fathers from the land of Egypt until this day, we have not obeyed the Lord our God, we have been rebellious, as we would not hear his voice.



There came upon us evil and a curse — that which the Lord commanded his servant Moses on the day when he brought out our fathers from the land of Egypt, to give us a land flowing with milk and honey.



But we did not listen to the voice of the Lord our God, to do all that they said,6 his servants the prophets whom he had sent to us.



And we followed,7 each one, the desires of his evil heart: to serve foreign gods, that he might do evil in the sight of8 the Lord our God.

1

‘the Lord our God is righteous’ or ‘righteousness (belongs) to the Lord our God’.

2

‘we are ashamed’: lit. ‘and to us shame of face’.

3

‘today’: ‘as of the day that of today’.

4

‘to keep’: lit. ‘so that we would walk in’.

5

‘set before us’: lit. ‘gave before our faces’.

6

‘all that they said’: lit. ‘all the words of’.

7

‘followed’: lit. ‘walked in’.

8

‘in the sight of’: lit. ‘before the eyes of’.



‫ܐܓܪܬܐ̈ܕܒܪܘܟ̈ܕܬܪܬܝܢ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܗ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܘ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܙ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝ ܚ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܛ‬

‫‪ ‬ܟ‬

‫‪ ‬ܟܐ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟܒ‬

‫ܰ ܳ ܰ ܰ ܽ ܳ ܺ ܰ ݁ ݁ ܰ ܰ ݂ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܬܘܬ ܽ‬ ‫ܥ ܗ݂݂ ܰ ̈ܦܽܐ ܰܠܝܟ ݁ܕܠܰܘ ܝܐ ܗܶܢ‬ ‫ܐܡܪܘܢ ܕ ܳܡܪܝܳܐ ܗܝ ܐܠ ܗܢ ܙ ܕܝܩ ܬܘܬܐ‪ .‬ܘܕܠܶܝ ܒܝ‬ ‫ܕܠܰܘ ܢܐ‪ :‬ܠ ܰܓܒܪ ܐ ܺܕ ܽ‬ ‫ܠܥ ܗܘܕ ܐ ܰܘܠ ܥ ܽܐܘ ̇ܠܥ ܗ ݁ ܽܕ ܰܘܪܫܶܡ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰܘܠ ܰܡ ̈ܠܽ ܰܟܝܢ ܰܘܠ ܰܪܘܪ ܬ ܳܒ ܰܢܝܢ‪ܰ .‬ܘܠ ܟܥ ܗܢܰܢ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܠܝܢ ܺܒ ܰܢܢ ܘܰܠܒ ܰܥ ܗܠ ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ ݂ܶ ܰ ܰ‬ ‫ܚܛܝܢ ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܩܕܡ ܳܡܪܝܳܐ ܐ ܳܠ ܳܗܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܐܝܠܝܢ ܕ‬ ‫ܩܕܢܰܽܽܘܗܝ‪ .‬ܘܰܠ ܰ ݂݁ ݁ ܺ‬ ‫ܶܦܢܣ ܝ ‪ .‬ܘܰܠ ܰ‬ ‫ܳܘܠ ܰ‬ ‫ܫܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܥܢܝܽܽܗܝ‪ܳ .‬‬ ‫ܘܫܛ ܽ ܢ ܽܦ ̈ܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܫܐܥ ܝ ݁ܒܩܶܝܝܥ ܗ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݁ܕ ܪܠܐ ܰܰܠ ܰܥ ܗ ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܕ ܰܢܥ ܗܠܟ ݁ܒ ܽܦܘ ݁‬ ‫ܩܕܢܰܘܗܝ ݁ܕ ܪܠܐ ܰܠ ܰܥ ܗ ݁ܕܠܰܥ ܗܒ ܩܕ ܰ ݁ ܰܦܢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ܰܕ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܐܦܩ ܳܡܪܝܳܐ ܰܠ ܬ ܳܒ ܰܗܝ ̈ܢ ݂ܶܡܢ ܰܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܥܕ ܳܡܽܐ ܠ ܰܝ ܳ‬ ‫݂ܶܡ ܽܛܠ ܕ ݂ܶܡܢ ܝ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ ܬܕ ݂ܶܡܨܪ݂ܶܝܢ ܰܘ ܬ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܡܽܐ‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫ܗܘܝܢ ܗ ܰܘܝܢ ܕ ܳܠ ݂ܶܡܬܛܦܝܣܝܢ ܠ ܳܡܪܝܳܐ ܰܐ ܳܠ ܰܗܢ‪ܰ .‬ܘ ܰܪܕ ܰܰܠܝܟ ݁ܕܰܠ ܢ ܰ‬ ‫ܳܗ ܳܢ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܫܐܝ‬ ‫݁ܒܩܶܥ ܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘ݂݂ܰ ݁ ܰ‬ ‫ܢܫܬܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܶܢ ݁ ܺܒ ݁‬ ‫ܘܠܘܶܬܐ‪ :‬ܗܝ ݁ܕ ܰܦܩܕ ܪܠܝܐ ܠ ܽܐܘܫܝܐ ܰܡܒ ݁ܝܕܗ‪݁ :‬ܒ ܰܢܘ ܝܐ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݁ܰ‬ ‫ܝܬܠ ܰܠܝ ܰܪܡܝܐ ܕ ܰ ݁ܪܕܠܝܐ ܰܚܶܝܒܝܐ‬ ‫ܰܕ ݁ܰܦܩ ܰܠܒܥ ܗ݂ ܝ ܰܪܡܝܐ ܕ ܨܪܠܝ ‪ :‬ܠ ܐ‬ ‫ܘܕܒܫܐ‪.‬‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܳܘܠ ܰ‬ ‫ܫܡܥܢ ܒ ܳܩ ݂ܶܠܗ ܕ ܳܡܪܝܳܐ ܰܐ ܳܠ ܰܗܢ‪ :‬ܠ ݂ܶܡ ܰ‬ ‫ܥܒ ܬܕ ܽܟܽ ܽܗܘܢ ݂ܶܦ ܬܬ ܬܳܓ ̈ܡܽܐ ܬܕ ܰܥ ܬ ̈ܒܽ ܰܕܘܗܝ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܬܢܒ ̈ܝܐ ܬܕ ܰܫ ܰܕܪ ܠ ܳܘ ܬܬܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܘܗ ݂ܶܠ ܬܟܢ ܐܢܳܫ ܐܢܳܫ ܒܨ݂ܶ ܬ ̈ܒ ܳܝ ܰܢܝ ݂ܶܠ ݂ܶܒܗ ܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܫܐ‪ .‬ܠ ܐܦ ܰܶܚ ܰܠܠ ܥ ܗܐ ܽܢܘ ܪܠܐ‪݁ :‬ܕܢ ݁ܥܒܝܕ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݁ ܺܒ ݁‬ ‫ܢܫܬܐ ܩܕ ܰܡܢ ܰܢܘܗܝ ݁ܕ ܪܠܐ ܰܠ ܰܥ ܗ ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

2 Epistle of Baruch Ch. 



He took1 the vessels of the house of the Lord, those which he had removed2 from the temple, so that he might return them to the land of Judah on the tenth of Nisan, the vessels which Zedekiah the son of Josiah king of Judah had made.



After Nebuchadnezzar the king took Jeconiah and the noblemen captive, and the guards, the craftsmen, and the soldiers,3 from Jerusalem, and brought them to Babylon.



They said: See! We have sent you silver. With the silver, pay for burnt offerings (to atone) for sin, and incense, and prepare sacrifices, raise (these) up upon the altar of the Lord our God.



Pray for the life of Nebuchadnezzar the king of Babylon, and for the life of Belteshazzar his son, that their days on earth may be as days of heaven,



And that the Lord will give us strength so that we may serve him; give light to our eyes;4 and (grant that) we may live under the protection5 of Nebuchadnezzar the king of Babylon, and of Belteshazzar his son, that we may serve them for many days, and may they be merciful to us.6



Pray, beseech the Lord our God on our behalf: for we have sinned before the Lord our God, and the anger of the Lord our God, his fury, has not yet7 turned from us.



You will read out this scroll which we sent to you; you will confess, on our behalf, in the house of the Lord, before the Lord, on the festival day and on the Lord’s days.8

1

‘He took’: lit. ‘When he took’.

2

‘removed’: lit. ‘took out’.

3

‘soldiers’: lit. ‘companies/hosts’.

4

‘give light to our eyes’: lit. ‘our eyes may be enlightened’.

5

‘protection’: lit. ‘shadow’.

6

‘they will be merciful to us’: lit. ‘we may find mercy before them’.

7

‘yet’: lit. ‘until the day of today’.

8

‘and on the Lord’s days’: see Introduction. Addendum 1.



‫ܐܓܪܬܐ̈ܕܒܪܘܟ̈ܕܬܪܬܝܢ‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ܚ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܛ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܐ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܒ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܓ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܕ‬

‫ܰ‬ ‫ܫܩܠ ܐܶܢ ܕ ܰܒ ݁‬ ‫݁ ܰܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܰܗ ݁ܠܟܳܠ‪ܰܰ :‬ܠܟ ݁ܕܢܰ ݁‬ ‫ܥ ܗܦܟ ܰ ܽܢܝܘ‬ ‫ܝܗ ݁ܕ ܪܠܐ ܰܠܶܢ ݁ ܰܕ ݁ܰܦܩ‬ ‫ܰܰܠܪܡܐ ܺܕ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܪ݂ܐ ܒܢܺܢܣܝ ‪ .‬ܝܐܶܢ ܰܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܠܥ ܗܘܕ ܐ ܰܒ ܰ‬ ‫ܥܣ ݁‬ ‫ܡܒܝܕ ܨ ܰܕܩܢܝܐ ܰܒܝܪ ܠܽ ܺ‬ ‫ܘܫܢܝܐ ܰ ݁‬ ‫ܶܝܟܝܐ‬ ‫ܺܕ ܽ‬ ‫ܠܥ ܗܘܕ ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫݁ ܰ‬ ‫ܬܪ ݁ ܰܕܫܒܝܝܐ ܽ‬ ‫ܢܒܝܝܘ ܰ ܕܢ ܰܨܪ ܰ ݁‬ ‫ܶܝܟܝܐ ܠ ܽܢܘ ܰ ܢ ܢܝܝܐ ܰܘܠ ܰܪܘ ܒܢܝܝܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܠ ܰܕܚܫܝܝܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܝ ܒܝ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܽܘܰܠܘ ܢܐ‪ :‬ܘܠ ܰܚܢܶܝܘ݂ܐ ܰܘܪܫܶܡ‪ .‬ܘ ݁‬ ‫ܰܘܒܠ ܰܢܘ ܠ ܒܒܠ‪.‬‬ ‫ܣܦܝܐ‪ .‬ܙܒܢܝܘ ݁ܒܟ ݁‬ ‫ܘܰ ܺܪܠ ‪ :‬ܗܐ ܰܫ ݁ ܰܕܪ ܠ ܽܟܝܘ ݁ ݁‬ ‫ܣܦܝܐ ܠ ܰ ݁‬ ‫ܩܝܕܐ ܰܫܶܝܐܝܐ ܚܶܝ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܚܛܥ ܗܐ ܰܘܠ ܽܒ ݁‬ ‫ܘܢܬܐ‪ܰ .‬ܘܡܒܕܘ ܽܩܘ ݁ܒܢܐ ܰܘܰܣܩܘ ܰܡܠ ܰ ܕ ݁ܒܚܥ ܗ ݁ܕ ܪܠܐ ܰܠ ܰܥ ܗ ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶܝܟܐ ܕܒܒܠ‪ܰ .‬‬ ‫ܘܨ ܰܠܘ ܰܡܠ ܰܚ ܰܢܘܗܝ ݁ ܰܕ ܽ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܢܒܘ ܰ ܕܢ ܰܨܪ ܰ ݁‬ ‫ܘܡܠ ܰܚ ܰܢܝܘܗܝ ݁ܕܒܶܛܫ ܰܝܨܪ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݁ܒܪܗ‪݁ .‬ܕܢ ܽ‬ ‫ܥ ܗܘܘ ܠܰܘ ܬ ܽܗܘ ܰܡܠ ܰܪܡܐ‪ܰ :‬ܠܟ ܠܰܘ ܬܐ ܰܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܫܐܢܐ‪.‬‬ ‫݂ܶ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܬܠ ܰܠܢ ܳܡܪܝܳܐ ܰܚܝ ܳܶܠ ܕܢ݂ܶܦܠܽܚܝܘܗܝ ܘܢ ݂ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܢܗܪܢ ܰܥ ̈ܝ ܰܢܝܢ‪ .‬ܘܢܺܐܚܝܐ ݂ܚܝܝ ܶܠܝܥ ܗ‬ ‫ܘܢ‬ ‫ܬ ܬ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫ܶܝܟܝܐ ܕܒܒܝܠ ܘܕܒܶܛܫ ܰܝܨܪ ݁ܒܝܪܗ‪ .‬ܘܕܢܦܶܝܘ ܰܢܝܘ ܠܰܝܘ ܬܐ‬ ‫݁ ܰܕܢܒܘ ܕܢ ܰܨܪ‬ ‫ܰܣ ݁ ܺܓܢܐܐ‪ .‬ܘܢ ݁ ܰ‬ ‫ܫܟܚ ܰܚܐܐ ܩܕ ܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܢܥ ܗܘ ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܽ ݁ܰ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܨ ܰܠܘ ܰܘܒ ܰܥܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܚܛܢ ܩܝܕ ܪܠܝܐ ܰܰܠ ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܝܥ ܗ ‪.‬‬ ‫ܪܠܐ ܰܠ ܰܥ ܗ ‪ .‬ܛܠ ܕ‬ ‫ܡܶܢ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܟ ܚܐܬܗ ݁ܕ ܪܠܐ ܰܠ ܰܥ ܗ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܰܠ ܗܦ ݁ ܰ ݁‬ ‫ܘܪܘܓܙܗ ܰܢ ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܡܕ ܐ ܠ ܰܢܘ ܐ ܕܠܰܘ ܢܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܬܘܬ ݂ܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܕܘ ܚܶܝ ܰܦܢ ݁ܒ ܰܒ ݁‬ ‫ܩܪܘܢ ݂ܶܟ ܳ‬ ‫ܘ݂ ݁ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܗ ݁ܕ ܪܠܐ ܩܕ‬ ‫ܪܟܐ ܳܗ ܳܢ ܬܕ ܰܫ ܰܕܪܢ ܠ ܳܘ ܬܬ ܬ ܽܟܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܪܠܐ ܒ ܰܢܘ ܐ ܕ ܰܡܕ ܺܡܐܕ ܐ ܰܘܒ ܰܢܘ ܬܗ ݁ܕ ܪܠܐ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

2 Epistle of Baruch Ch. 

The Second Epistle of Baruch Chapter  

The word of the Lord which came1 to Micah the Mershite, in the days of Jotham, and Ahaz, and Hezekiah, kings of Judah, which he saw concerning Samaria and concerning Jerusalem.



These are the words of this letter which Baruch the son of Neriah the son of Maaseiah the son of Zedekiah the son of Sheraiah the son of Helakiah wrote: he wrote these in2 Babylon,



In the fifth year, in the seventh month: at that time, when the Chaldeans took Jerusalem captive and burnt it with fire.



Baruch read out these words, which were written in this scroll, in the hearing3 of Jeconiah son of Jehoiakim king of Judah, and in the hearing of all the people who came to hear this scroll,



In the hearing of the noblemen, the noblemen of the king, in the hearing of the elders, and in the hearing of all the people, from the least to the greatest, all those who were living in Babylon, as far as the river of Tyre.



They wept, they fasted, they prayed before the Lord.



They collected silver,4 each as he could lay his hands on it,5 as he was able.



They sent to Jerusalem, to Jehoiakim the son of Helakiah the son of Shalom the priest, to the priests, to all the people, those who were found with him in Jerusalem.

‘came’: lit. ‘was’. See the Introduction, Consistency or Syriac Usages, for such idiomatic constructions, vocabulary alternatives, the use of ‫ ܕܠܡܐ‬when negative answers are expected, the non-representation of ethical datives, participles translated using the tense of adjacent finite verbs, 2 nd person imperfects as alternatives to imperatives, and the like. 1

2

‘in’: lit. ‘to’.

3

‘hearing’: lit. ‘ears’. So too v. 4.

4

‘silver’ or ‘money’.

5

‘he could lay his hands on it’: lit. ‘as it was coming into his hands’.



‫ܐܓܪܬܐ̈ܕܒܪܘܟ̈ܕܬܪܬܝܢ‬

‫݂ܶ ܳ ܰ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܐ ܰܓܪܬܐ ܕܬܪܬܝܢ ܕ ܬ ܰܒ ܽܪ ܬܘܟ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫݂ܶܩ ܬ ܰܦܶܠ ܳܘܢ‪ :‬ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ܐ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܒ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܓ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܕ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܗ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܘ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܙ‬

‫ܳ ݂ܶ ݂ܶ ݂ܶ ̈ ݂ܶ ܰ ܳ ܳ ݂ܶ ܰ ܰ‬ ‫ܟ ܬܒ ܳܒ ܽܪ ܬܘܟ ܰܒܪ ܢܪܝܳܐ ܬ ܰܒܪ ܰ‬ ‫ܣܝܐ ܬ ܰܒܪ ܨ݂ܶ ܬ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܡܥ ܳ‬ ‫ܩܝܽܐ‬ ‫ܘܗܠܝܢ ܡܠܽܝܗ ܕ ܐܓܪܬܐ ܬܗܕ ܐ ܬܕ ܬ ܬ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܬ ܰܒܪ ܫܪܝܳܐ ܬ ܰܒܪ ܚ݂ܶ ܰܠ ܳ‬ ‫ܟ ܬܒ ܠ ܬ ܳܒ ܬ ݂ܶܒܠ‪.‬‬ ‫ܩܝܐ‪ܳ .‬ܗ ݂ܶܠܝܢ ܬ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܫܒܽܽܘ ܰܟܽ ܬ ܳܕ ܝ ݂̈ܶܽܐ ܽܠܘܪ݂ܶ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܪܚܽܽܐ‪ :‬ܒ ܰܙ ܬܒ ܳܢܽܽܐ ܰܗܘ ܰܕ ܬ ܰ‬ ‫ܰܒ ܰ‬ ‫ܽܬܐ ܬܒ ܰܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܫܠܽܽܡ‬ ‫ܽܬ ܰܚ ݂ܶܡܽܽܫ ܒ ܬ‬ ‫ܫܒܥܽ ܬ‬ ‫ܫܢܽ ܬ‬ ‫ܐܘܩܕܘܗ ܒ ܽܢ ܳ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܬ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܪ ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܟ ܬܝܒܝܽܢ ܒ ܬ ݂ܶܟ ܳ‬ ‫ܽܝ ܝܽ ܬ ܰ‬ ‫ܪܟܽܐ ܳܗ ܳܢ ܬ ݂ܶܒ ܬܐܕܢܰ ̈‬ ‫ܘܟܢ ܳܝܽܐ ܬ ܰܒܽܪ‬ ‫ܩܪܐ ܬ ܳܒ ܽܪ ܬܘܟ ݂ܶܦ ܬܬ ܬܳܓ ̈ܡܐ ܳܗ ݂ܶܠܝܽܢ ܰܕ ܬ‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫ܽ ܳ ݂ܶ ܰ ̈ ܽ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܝܽܘܝܳܩܝܡ ܰܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܫܡܽܥ ܠ ܳ‬ ‫ܟܽܗ ܰܥ ܳܡܽܐ ܬ ܳܕ ܬܐܬ ݂ܶܝܽܢ ܠ ݂ܶܡ ܰ‬ ‫ܽܗ ܳܢ‬ ‫ܠܽܟܐ ܬܕܝܽܗ ܬܘܕ ܐ‪ .‬ܬܘܒ ܬܐܕܢܽܝ‬ ‫ܬ ݂ܶܟ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܟܐ‪.‬‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܘܒ ܬܐܕܢܰ ̈ܝ ܰܪܘܪ ܬ ܳܒܢ݂ܶܐ ܰܪܘܪ ܬ ܳܒ ܰܢܝ ܰܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܬ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܠܽܟܐ‪ .‬ܘܒܐܕܢܰܝ ܣ ܬ ̈ܒܐ‪ .‬ܘܒܐܕܢܰܝܝ ݁ ܽܟܝܥ ܗ ܰܡܐܝܐ‪ :‬ܝ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܐܪܠ ݁ܒܒܒܠ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܕ ܐ ܠ ܰܪ ݁ܒܐ‪ܽ ݁ .‬ܟܝ ܽܥ ܗܘ ܰܠܶܢ ݁ܕܡ ܺ‬ ‫ܽܙܡܘܪ ܐ ܰܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܡܠ ܢܰܥ ܗܪ ܐ ܕ ܽܨܘܪ‪.‬‬ ‫ܬܳ‬ ‫ܘܒ ܬ ݂ܶܟܝܢ ܗ ܰܘܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܨܝܡܝܢ ܰܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܨ ݂ܶܠܝܢ ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܩܕܡ ܳܡܪܝܳܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰܘܟ ܰܢܫܘ ݂ܶܟ ܳ‬ ‫ܣܦܐ ܐܢܳܫ ܰܐܝ ܬ ܕ ܳܡܛ݂ܶܐ ܗ ܳܘܐ ܬܒܐܝ ̈ ܬ ܰܕܘܗܝ ܰܘܐܝ ܬ ܕ ݂ܶܡ ܰ‬ ‫ܫܟܚ‪.‬‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܘܫ ܰܕܪܘ ܠܘܪ݂ܶ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܩܝܐ ܬ ܰܒܽܪ ܳܫ ܽܠܽܘܡ ܳܟܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܫܠܡ ܠ ܽܝܘܝܳܩܝܡ ܰܒܪ ܚ݂ܶ ܰܠ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܗܢ‪ܰ .‬ܘܠ ܝܘ݂ ݁ ܝܥ ܗܶܢ‬ ‫ܰܘܠ ܘ݂ ݁ ܽܟܥ ܗ ܰܡܐܐ‪ܰܰ :‬ܠܶܢ ݁ܕ ݁‬ ‫ܰܫܬ ܰ ܚܘ ܰܡܐܥ ܗ ݁ ܽܒܐܘܪܫܶܡ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

1 Epistle of Baruch Ch. 



Chapter  (M 81, Ceriani 86) 

So, when you receive this my letter, read it out diligently in your assemblies;



You should meditate1 on it, particularly on fast days;



You should remember2 me by means of this letter, as I too remember you by it, that at all times you (stood) firm.3

1

‘should meditate’: lit. ‘you were meditating’.

2

‘should remember’: lit. ‘were remembering’.

3

‘you (stood) firm’: lit. ‘you were strong’ or ‘you were wholesome’.



‫ܐܓܪܬܐ̈ܕܒܪܘܟ̈ܩܕܡܝܬܐ ̈‬

‫ܰ ݂ܶ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܐ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܒ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܓ‬

‫݂ܶܩ ܬܦܶܠ ܳܘܢ‪ :‬ܛ ]ܡܘܨܠ ܦܐ ܓܠܝܢܐ ܦܘ[‪.‬‬ ‫ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܰܟ ܬܕ ܬ ݂ܶ ܬ ܽ‬ ‫ܣܒܘܢ ܳܗ ܬܟܝܠ ܳ ܬܗܕ݂ܶܐ ܐ ݂ܶ ܰܓܪܬܝ‪ :‬ܩ ܰܪܐ ܽܘܗ ܒ ܬ ݂ܶܟ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܠ ܬܘܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܢܫ ̈ܝ ܽܟܘܢ ܰܒ ܬܒܛ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܝ ܒ ܰܝ ̈ܘ ܰܡܝ ܰܨ ̈ܘ ܰܡ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܟܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘ‬ ‫ܗܘܝܘܢ ݂ܶܡ ܬܬ ܰܗ ݂ܶܓܝܢ ܳܒܗ ܰܝ ܳܝܪܐ ܬ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܘܢ ݂ܶܡܬ ܰܕ ܬܟܪܝܽܽܢ ܠܽܽܝ ܬܒ ܰܝܽ ܬܽܕ ܐ ܰܓܽܪܬܐ ܳ ܬܗܕ݂ܶܐ‪ :‬ܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܟ ܳܢܽܽܐ ܬ ܳܕ ܬܐܦ ܐ ܳܢ ݂ܶܡܬܕ ܬ ܰܟܽܪ ܐ ܳܢ‬ ‫ܘܗܘ‬ ‫ܽ ܳ ܰ ܽ ܰ ܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܠ ܬܟܘܢ ܒܗ‪ .‬ܘ ܬܒ ܬܟ ܬܙܒܢ ܗܘܝܘܢ ܚܠܝܡܝܢ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

1 Epistle of Baruch Ch. 

 

Before then, when his judgment and truth will require that which is due to him, may we prepare ourselves1 to receive, and not to be taken; to believe, and not to be ashamed, so that we may find rest with our fathers, and not be tormented by those who hate us.2



For the youth of the world has passed by, the energy of creation even now has come to an end, their due time has come.3 The pitcher is near the well, the ship is (near) harbor, along the course of the journey to the city — and life to consummation.



And further, prepare yourselves, so that when you have journeyed on, left4 the ship, you will find rest, and not be found guilty when you have gone.



For see! when the Most High brings (to pass) all these, there will be no opportunity for repentance, no limit to the times, no period5 to the seasons, no variation to the pathways, no place for intercession, no sending of petitions, no receiving doctrine, no giver of love, no opportunity6 for the soul to feel remorse,7 no petition concerning transgressions, no intercession by the fathers, no prayer from the prophets, no help from the righteous.



There, there is the sentence of the judgment of corruption, the path of fire, the way that brings (man) near to Gehenna;



Because of this, (for) each8 — a single law, a single world — for these who are in it, an end to them all.



Then, salvation!9 for these whom he can pardon,10 and at the same time he will destroy these who wallow in sins. 1

‘ourselves’ or ‘our souls’.

2

‘those who hate us’: lit. ‘our haters’.

‘their due time has come’: lit. ‘the advent of the times in a very little while has passed by them’. 3

4

‘left’: lit. ‘gone up from’.

5

‘period’: lit. ‘length’.

6

‘opportunity’: lit. ‘place’.

7

‘the soul to feel remorse’: lit. ‘remorse of the soul’.

8

‘(for) each’: lit. ‘by each hand’ or ‘by means of a single hand’.

9

‘salvation’ or ‘life’.

‘for these whom he can pardon’: lit. ‘for these whom he is able that he can have pity upon them’. 10



‫ܐܓܪܬܐ̈ܕܒܪܘܟ̈ܩܕܡܝܬܐ ̈‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ܛ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܐ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܒ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܓ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܕ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܗ‬

‫ܰ‬ ‫ܩܕܡ ܳܗ ܬܟܝܠ ܕܢ ݂ܶ ܬܬ ܰܒܥ ܰܕܝ ܳ ܳܢܐ ܬܕ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܝܠܗ ܰܘ ܳ‬ ‫݂ܶܡܢ ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܫܪ ܳܪ ܐ ݂ܶܡ ݂ܶܕܡ ܕ ܳܙ ܬܕ݂ܶܩ ݂ܶܠܗ‪ :‬ܢܛܝ ݂ܶ ܬܒ ܢܰ ܬܦ ܰܫܢ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ܳ ܳ̈ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܕܢ ݂ܶ ܰܣ ܬܒ‪ܳ :‬ܘܠ ܬܕܢ ݂ܶ ܬܬ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܘܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܢܣ ܬܒ‪ .‬ܬ ܰ‬ ‫ܽܗ ܬܬܢ‪ :‬ܘܠ‬ ‫ܢܣ ܰܒܪ‪ :‬ܘܠ ܬܕܢ ݂ܶ ܬܒ ܰܗ ܬܬ‪ ܰ .‬ܬܘܕܢ݂ܶܬܬ ܢܝ ܽܚ ܥܽܡ ܐ ܬܒ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܬܕܢ݂ܶܫܬܢܰܩ ܰܥܡ ܳܣ ̈ܢܐܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܝܐ ݂ܶܡܽܢ ܰܟܽ ܽܕܘ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܠܽܡܐ ܥ ݂ܶ ܬܒ ܰܪ ܬܬ‪ܽ .‬‬ ‫ܥܠ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܡ ܬܘܬ ݂ܶܗ ݂ܶܓܝܪ ܕ ܳܥ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܥ ܳ‬ ‫ܫܠܽܡ ݂ܶܠܽܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܽܘܙܗ ܰܕ ܬܒܽܪ ܬ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽܗܘܢ‪ܰ .‬‬ ‫ܥܒ ܽܪܘ ܠ ܽ ܽ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܘܩܪ ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܝ ܽܗܘܢ ܕ ܰܙ ܬܒ ̈ܢ݂ܶܽܽܐ ܬܒܨܝܽܽܪ ܰܩܠܝܽܽܠ ܰܘ ܬ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܒܽܽܐ ܽܩܽܽܘܠ ܬܬܐ‬ ‫ܽܐܬ ܬ‬ ‫ܘܡܽ ܬ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ ܰ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܘܒܽܽܽܐ ݂ܶܘ ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܠ ܽܓ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܦܽܽܽܐ ܰܠܽܡܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܐ ܬ ܽܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܚ ̈ܝܽܽܽܐ‬ ‫ܡܕܝܢܽܽܽܬܐ‬ ‫ܽܽܐܢ‪ .‬ܒ ܰܡܽܽܽܪܕ ܬ‬ ‫ܐܘܪܚܽܽܽܐ ܰܠ ܬ‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܠ ܽܫܘܠ ܡܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܳ ܰ ܰ ܽ ܰ ݂ܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܣܠܩܽܽܬܘܢ ݂ܶܡܽܽܢ ܐܠ ܬ ܳܦܽܽܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܬ ܬܘܒ ܕ݂ܶܝܽܽܢ ܛܝ ݂ܶ ܬܒܽܽܘ ܢܰ ܬ ̈ܦ ܳܫ ܬܬ ܬ ܽܟܽܽܘܢ‪ :‬ܕܡܽܽܐ ܬܕ ܬܪܕܝܘܢ ܘ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܳ ܳ ݂ܶ ܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܬܘܢ‪ :‬ܬ ݂ܶ ܬܬ ܰܚ ܬ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܒܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܬܬ ܢܝ ܽܚܘܢ‪ .‬ܘܠ ܬܕܡܐ ܬܕ ܐܙܠ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܽܽܝܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܡܽܽܐ ܳܗ ݂ܶܠܝܽܽܢ ܽܟܽ ݂ܶܗܝܽܽܢ‪ :‬ܬ ܳܡܽܽܢ ܬ ܬܘܒ ܰܠܽܽܝ ܐ ܬܬ ܳܪ ܐ‬ ‫ܳܗܐ ܬ ݂ܶܓܝܽܽܪ ܟܽܽ ܬܕ ܢ‬ ‫݂ܶ ܳ‬ ‫݂ܶ ܳ ݂̈ܶ ܳ ܽ ܳ ܳ ܽ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܰܠ ܬܬܝ ܳ ܬ ܽܒ ܬܘܬܳܐ‪ܳ .‬ܘܠ ܬܬ ܽܚ ܳ‬ ‫ܽܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ܠ ܰܙ ܬܒ ̈ܢܐ‪ .‬ܘܠ ܽܢ‬ ‫ܘܓ ܳܪܐ ܠ ܥܕܢ‪ :‬ܘܠ ܚܘܠ ܬܦܽܐ ܠܘܪܚ ܬ‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ ܽ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܽ ܳ ݂̈ܶ ܳ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܽܬܐ‪ .‬ܘܠ‬ ‫ܽܬܐ‪ .‬ܘܠ ܠ ݂ܶܡ ܰܣܽ ܬܽܒ ܝ ܬܕܥܽ ܳܬ‬ ‫ܽܘܬܐ ܬܕܫܐܠ ܽ ܬ‬ ‫ܽܘܬܐ‪ܰ .‬ܘܠ ܡܫܕܪ ܢܽ ܬ‬ ‫ܘܠ ܐ ܬܬܪ ܐ ܠ ܬܒܥܽ ܬ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܽܬ ܳܘ ܬܬ ܢܰ ܬܦ ܳܫܽܽܐ‪ܳ .‬ܘܠ ܦ ܳܝ ܳܣܽܐ ܰܥܽܽܠ ܰܣ ܬ ̈ܟܽܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܒܽܐ ܬܕ ܽܚ ܳ‬ ‫ܝ ܳ ܽܗ ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܽܘ ܬܬܐ‪ .‬ܘܠ‬ ‫ܘܒܽܐ‪ .‬ܘܠ ܐ ܬܬ ܳܪ ܐ ܰܠ ܬ‬ ‫݂ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܒ ݂̈ܶܗܐ‪ܳ .‬ܘܠ ܽ‬ ‫ܬ ܳܒ ܽܥ ܬܘܬܳܐ ܬ ܰܕ ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܨܠ ܬܘܬܐ ܬ ܰܕ ܬܢܒ ̈ܝܐ‪ .‬ܘܠ ܽܥ ܬܘܕ ܳܪ ܳܢ ܬܕ ܰܙ ܕ ܝ ̈ ݂ܶܩܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܫܒܝ ܳܶܠ ܬ ܰܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܝ ܰܬ ܳܡܢ ܓ ܳܙܪ ܕ ܳܝܢܐ ܬ ܰܕ ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܚܒ ܳܶܠ‪ܽ .‬ܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܡܩܪ݂ܶ ܬܒ ܠ ܬܓ ܰܗ ܳܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܪܚܐ ܬܕ ܽܢܘܪ ܐ‪ܰ .‬ܘ ܬ‬ ‫ܐ ܬ‬ ‫ܠܽܡܽܐ‪ܰ .‬ܘܠ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܘܣܐ‪ܰ .‬ܚ ܬܕ ܳܥ ܳ‬ ‫݂ܶܡ ܽܛܠ ܳܗ ܳܢ ܰܚ ܬܕ ܒ ܰܝ ܬܕ ܰܚ ܬܕ ܢܳ ܽܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܝ ݂ܶܒܽܗ‪ܳ :‬ܣ ܬ ܳܟܽܐ‬ ‫ܝܠܝܽܢ ܕ ܬ‬ ‫ܠ ܬ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫ܽܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܽܘܒ ܬܕ ܰܠ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܝܕܝܽܽܢ ܰܚ ݂̈ܶܝܽܽܐ‪ܰ .‬ܘܠ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܫܟܽܚ ܰܕܢ ܰܚ ݂ܶܣܽܽܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܠܝܽܽܢ ܕ ݂ܶܡ ܰ‬ ‫ܥܠܝܽ ܽ‬ ‫ܽܗܘܢ‪ܰ .‬ܘ ܬܐܟܚܽ ܬ ܳܽܕܐ ܢܰܽ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܳܗ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܝܠܝܽܽܢ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܚܛ ݂̈ܶܗܐ ܬ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܦܠ ܦܠܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܕ ܬܒ‬

‫‪‬‬

1 Epistle of Baruch Ch. 



Chapter  (M 80, Ceriani 85) 

For again, you knew that in former times, in earlier generations, there were for them, for those our fathers, righteous helpers, holy prophets.1



But also, we were in our (own) land, they helped us when we sinned, they prayed on our behalf to him2 who made us, for they trusted in their deeds. The Mighty One heard3 their prayers, and pardoned us.



But now, the righteous ones have been gathered (to their fathers), the prophets slept, and also we have gone out from our land, Zion has been taken from us, we have nothing now except the Mighty One and his law.



If, then, we will set our hearts straight, put them in good order,4 we will receive all that we have lost, and things of very great value,5 many more than these which we have lost, many times as much.



For whatever we have lost is corruption; and whatever we shall receive is not corrupted.



For truly, thus I wrote to our brothers, to Babylon, also to them, that I may witness to them, these things:



So they will always be before your eyes, all these which were predicted. For until now (we lived) in spirit, and the power of our freedom.



Now, again,6 the Most High is long-suffering7 with us here; he has shown us that which is to come, has not hidden from us that which will happen at the end.

‘holy prophets’: a different Syriac root from that used in, for example, ‘holy land’ in paragraph 7:8. 2 ‘to him’: lit. ‘from him’. 1

‘helped … sinned … prayed … heard’: lit. ‘were helping … were sinning … were praying … was hearing’. 3

4

‘put them in good order’: lit. ‘establish’.

5

‘of very great value’: lit. ‘excellent’.

6

‘Now, again’: lit. ‘For further’.

7

‘long-suffering’: lit. ‘makes his spirit abide’.



‫ܐܓܪܬܐ̈ܕܒܪܘܟ̈ܩܕܡܝܬܐ ̈‬

‫ܰ ݂ܶ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܐ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܒ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܓ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܕ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܗ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܘ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܙ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܚ‬

‫݂ܶܩ ܬܦܶܠ ܳܘܢ‪ :‬ܚ ]ܡܘܨܠ ܦ ܓܠܝܢܐ ܦܗ[‪.‬‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܰ ܽ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܝ ܗ ܳܘܐ‬ ‫ܬ ܬܘܒ ܕ݂ܶܝܢ‬ ‫ܩܕܝܽܡ‪ .‬ܐ ܬ‬ ‫ܗܘܝܘܢ ܝ ܳ ܬܕܥܝܽܢ‪ܰ .‬ܕ ܬܒ ܰܙ ܬܒ ̈ܢܽܐ ܰܩ ܬܕ ܳܡ ̈ܝܽܐ ܰܘ ܬܒ ܬ ܳܽܕܪ ܐ ܬܕ ݂ܶܡܽܢ ܬ‬ ‫ܳ ܽ ܰ ܳ ܰ ̈ ܰ ܳ ݂ܶ ܰ ̈ ݂ܶ ܰ ݂̈ܶ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܚܣ ̈ܝܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܠ ܽܗܘܢ ܠ ܗܢܘܢ ܐ ܬܒܗܝܢ ܡܥܕܪ ܢ ܙ ܕ ܝܩܐ ܘ ܬܢܒܝܐ‬ ‫ܘܗ ܽܢܘܢ ܰ‬ ‫ܗܘܝܢ ܰܒ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܪܥܢ‪݂ܶ .‬‬ ‫ܡܥܕܪܝܢ ܗ ܰܘܘ ܰܠܢ ܳܡܐ ܬܕ ܳܚܛ݂ܶܝܢ ܗ ܰܘܝܢ‪ .‬ܬ ܳ‬ ‫݂ܶܐ ܳܠ ܳܐ ܬܦ ܳܒܗ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܒܥ݂ܶܝܢ‬ ‫ܗ ܰܘܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܥܒ ܬ ܰܕ ܝ̈ܽ ܽ‬ ‫ܥܠܝܽܽܢ ݂ܶܡܽܽܢ ܰܗܘ ܕ ܰܥ ܬܒܽ ܰܽܕܢ‪݂ܶ .‬ܡ ܽܛ ܽܠ ܰܕ ܬܬ ܬܟܝܠܝܽܽܢ ܗ ܰܘܘ ܰܥܽܽܠ ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܽܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܝܠܽܬ ܳܢ ܳܫ ܰܡܥ ܗ ܳܘܐ ܽ‬ ‫ܡܚ ݂ܶܣܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܨܠ ܬܘܬ ܽܗܘܢ ܰܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܥܠܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܚ ܬ‬ ‫ܪܥܽܐ ܬ ܰ‬ ‫ܚܢܢ ݂ܶܡܢ ܰܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܳܗ ܳܫܐ ܬܕ݂ܶܝܢ ܰܙ ܕ ܝ ̈ ݂ܶܩܐ ܐ ݂ܶ ܬܬܟܢ݂ܶܫܘ ܰܘ ܬܢܒ ݂̈ܶܝܐ ܬ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܫܟ ܬܒܘ‪ܳ .‬ܘ ܬܐܦ ܰ‬ ‫ܢܦܩܽܢ‪ .‬ܘܨ݂ܶܗܝܽܽܘܢ‬ ‫݂ܶ ܳ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݂ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܫܬ ܰ‬ ‫ܩܠ ܬܬ ݂ܶܡ ܰܢܢ‪ܰ .‬‬ ‫ܝܠܽܬ ܳܢ ܘܢܳ ܽܡ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܘܣܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܐ‬ ‫ܘܠܝ ܰܠܢ ݂ܶܡ ݂ܶܕܡ ܳܗ ܳܫܐ‪ .‬ܐܠ ܐܢ ܰܚ ܬ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܽܬ ܽܪܘܨ ܘܢܰ ܬܬ ݂ܶܩܽܢ ݂ܶܠ ܰܒܽ ܳ ̈ܘ ܬ ܰܬܢ‪ :‬ܢܳܣܒ ܰܝܢܽܢ ܽܟܽܠ ܰܕ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܐܘܒ ܬܽܕܢ‪ :‬ܬ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܽܝ ܳܪܢ‬ ‫ܐܢ ܳܗ ܬܟܝܠ ܢܰ ݂ܶ ܬ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܐܘܒ ܬܕܢ ܰܒ ̈‬ ‫ܰܣܓܝ ݂ܶܡܢ ܐ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܝܠܝܢ ܰܕ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܐܥ ݂ܶܦܐ ܰܣܓ ̈ܝܐܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܚܒ ܰܶܠ ܗܘ‪݂ܶ .‬‬ ‫ܐܘܒ ܬܕܢ‪ܰ :‬ܕ ܬ ܳ‬ ‫݂ܶܡ ݂ܶܕܡ ݂ܶܓܝܪ ܰܕ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܘܡ ݂ܶܕܡ ܕܢܳܣܒ ܰܝܢܢ‪ :‬ܠ ݂ܶܡ ܬܬ ܰܚ ܰܒܠ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܣܗܕ‪.‬‬ ‫ܐ ܬܦ ܠ ܰܚ ̈ܝܢ ܕ݂ܶܝܢ ܳܗ ܬ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ݂ܶ ܬ‬ ‫ܟ ݂ܶܒ ܬܬ ܠ ܬ ܳܒ ܬ ݂ܶܒܠ‪ܳ .‬ܕ ܬܐܦ ܠ ܽܗܘܢ ݂ܶܗܢ݂ܶܝܢ ܳܗ ݂ܶܠܝܢ ܐ ݂ܶ ܬ‬ ‫ܡܩ ̈ܕ ܳܡܽܢ ܰܐܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܩܽܕܡ ܰܥ ̈ܝ ܰܢ ܽ‬ ‫ܢ ݂ܶ ̈‬ ‫ܝܟܽܘܢ‪ܳ :‬ܗ ݂ܶܠܝܽܢ ܽܟܽ ݂ܶܗܝܽܢ ܰܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܗܘܝܳܢ ܕ݂ܶܝܽܢ ܒ ܬ ܽܟ ܬ ܰ‬ ‫ܙܒܽܢ ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܽܪܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܘܚܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܚܢܢ ܽ‬ ‫ܥܕܟܝܠ ܒ ܽܪ ܳ‬ ‫݂ܶܡ ܽܛܠ ܰܕ ܬ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܫܘܠ ܛ ܳܢܐ ܬܕܚ ܽܐܪ ܬܘܬܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܽܬ ܬܘܒ ܕ݂ܶܝܢ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܥܬ ܬܝܕ‪ .‬ܘܠ ܬ ܰܟܣܝ‬ ‫ܝܡܐ ܳ ܰܡ ܰܓܪ ܪܘܚ݂ܶܗ ܰܥ ܰܡܢ ܳܗ ܳܪܟܐ‪ܰ .‬ܘܐܘܕ ܰܥܢ ݂ܶܡ ݂ܶܕܡ ܰܕ ܬ‬ ‫݂ܶܡ ܰܢܢ ݂ܶܡ ݂ܶܕܡ ܰܕܠ ܰܚ ܬܪܬܐ ܬܳܓ ܬ ݂ܶܕܫ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

1 Epistle of Baruch Ch. 

 

For at all times, continually, you sought, you prayed diligently with all your soul, that the Mighty One1 would be reconciled to you, that he would not consider the multitude of your sins, but would call to mind the integrity of your fathers:



For if he will not judge us in the multitude of his mercies — Alas for us, for all who are born!

1

‘that the Mighty One’: lit. ‘as the Mighty One’.



‫ܐܓܪܬܐ̈ܕܒܪܘܟ̈ܩܕܡܝܬܐ ̈‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܐ‬

‫ܰ ܽ ܰ ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܛܽܽܐܝ ݂ܶܡܽܽܢ ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܘܢ ܳܒܥ݂ܶܝܽܽܢ ܰܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܟܽܽܽܗ‬ ‫ܚܦ‬ ‫ܝ ܗܘ‬ ‫ܡܨ ݂ܶܠܝܽܽܢ ܬ‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫ܙܒܽܽܢ ܐܡ ܳܝܢܽܽܐ ܬ‬ ‫ܘ ܬܒ ܬܟ ܬ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܢܰ ܬܦ ܬ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܠܽܬ ܳܢ‪ :‬ܘܠ ܢ ݂ܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܚܫ ܬܘܒ ܽܣ ܬܳ‬ ‫ܘܓܐܐ ܬ ܰܕܚܛ ܰܗܝ̈ܟܽܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܫܟܘܢ‪ :‬ܐܝ ܬ ܕܢ ݂ܶ ܬܬܪ ܳܥܐ ܠ ܬܟܘܢ ܰܚ ܬ‬ ‫݂ܶܐ ܳܠ ܢ݂ܶܬܕ ܬ ܰܟܪ ܰܠ ܬܬܪ ܽܝܨ ܬܘܬܐ ܬ ܰܕ ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܒ ܰܗܝ ̈ ܽܟܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܚܡܘܗܝ ܳܠ ܬ ܽܢܕܘܢܰܢ‪ܳ :‬ܘܝ ܰܠܢ ܠ ܬ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܓܐܐ ܬܕ ܰܪ ܰ‬ ‫ܐ݂ܶܢ ݂ܶܓܝܪ ܰܐܝ ܬ ܽܣ ܬܳ‬ ‫ܽܗܘܢ ܝܠܽ ̈ܝ ܬ ݂ܶܕܐ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

1 Epistle of Baruch Ch. 



Chapter  (M 79, Ceriani 84) 

See! Thus I have made you understand, while I (yet) live. For I said that you should learn most carefully: for the Mighty One commanded me to admonish you, to put before you some few of the commandments of his judgment before I die.



Remember the time when1 Moses indeed called heaven and earth to witness for you2 and said: If you transgress the law you will be scattered (abroad), but if you preserve it you will be preserved.



However, he also said other things to you, while you were together, the twelve tribes in the wilderness,



That after his death you rejected.3 Therefore he brought (upon) you these things which were predicted.



And now, Moses said4 to you beforehand that it would not happen to you — but see! it has happened to you, for you forsook the law.



See! I am also saying to you, after you have suffered, that if you will obey these things that have been said to you, you will receive from the Mighty One everything that is ordained5 and preserved for you.



For this letter will be a witness between me and you, that you will be mindful of the commandments of the Mighty One; (and) how for me too, that it will be my apology6 in the presence of him who sent me.



You had remembered7 the law, Zion, the holy land, your brothers, the covenant of your fathers; do not forget the festivals and the Sabbaths.



Hand down this letter, and the tradition of the law, to your sons after you: thus to you also your fathers consigned it.

1

‘the time when’: lit. ‘that in the time’.

2

‘witness for you’ or ‘witness against you’.

3

‘you rejected’: lit. ‘rejected them from you’.

4

‘said’: lit. ‘was saying’.

5

‘ordained’ or ‘appointed’.

6

‘my apology’: lit. ‘a defense for me’.

7

‘be mindful of … remembered’: these verbs translate the same Syriac root.



‫ܐܓܪܬܐ̈ܕܒܪܘܟ̈ܩܕܡܝܬܐ ̈‬

‫ܰ ݂ܶ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܐ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܒ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܓ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܕ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܗ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܘ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܙ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܚ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܛ‬

‫݂ܶܩ ܬܦܶܠ ܳܘܢ‪ :‬ܙ ]ܡܘܨܠ ܥܛ ܓܠܝܢܐ ܦܕ[‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܐ ݂ܶ ܳܢ ܳܗ ܬܟܝܠ ܳܗܐ ܰܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܽܝ ܳܪ ܬܬܐ ܬܬܐܠ ܽܦܽܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܕܥܬ ܬ ܽܟܘܢ ܰܥ ܬܕ ܰܚܽܝ ܐ ܳܢ‪ .‬ܐܡܽܪ݂ܶ ܬܬ ݂ܶܓܝܽܪ ܕ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܩܕ ܰܡ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܠܽܬ ܳܢ ܬ ܰܕ ܐܪܬ ݂ܶ ܬ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܟܘܢ ܰܩܠܝܠ ݂ܶܡܽܢ ܽܦܽ ̈ܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܟܘܢ‪݂ܶ :‬ܘܐܣܝܡ ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܰܦ ܬ ܰ‬ ‫ܩܕ ݂ܶܢ‬ ‫ܩܕܢ ܝ ݂ܶܓܝܪ ܰܚ ܬ‬ ‫ܬܕܬܕܝܢ݂ܶܗ ݂ܶܡܢ ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܩܕܡ ܕ݂ܶ ܽܐܡ ܬܘܬ‪.‬‬ ‫ܫܡ ܳܝܽܐ ܰܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܽܗ ܽܕܘ ܰܣ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܡܣ ܳ‬ ‫ܽܗܕ ܒ ܬ ܽܟܽܘܢ ܽܡܘܫ݂ܶܽܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܐ݂ܶܬ ܰܕ ܬܟܪܘ ܕ ܬ ܰܒ ܬ ܰ‬ ‫ܙܒܽܢ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܐܪܥܽܐ ݂ܶܘ ܰܐܡܽܪ‪ .‬ܕ݂ܶܐܢ‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫ܛܪܘܢܳܝܗܝ ܬ ݂ܶ ܬܬ ܢܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܣܐ ܬܬ ݂ܶ ܬܬ ܰܒܕ ܽܪܘܢ‪݂ܶ .‬ܘܐܢ ܬ ݂ܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܬ ݂ܶܥܒ ܽܪܘܢ ܰܥܠ ܢܳ ܽܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܛܪܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ ܳ ܳ ݂ܶ‬ ‫݂ܶ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܝ ܽ‬ ‫ܚܽܕܐ ܬܬܪ݂ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܘܢ ܰܐ ܬܟ ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܥܣܽܪ‬ ‫ܝܟܽܘܢ ܗܘ‬ ‫ܝܐ ܐ ܰܡܪ ܗ ܳܘܐ ܠ ܬ ܽܟܽܘܢ ܰܟܽ ܬܕ ܐ ܬ‬ ‫ܐܠ ܐ ܬܦ ܐܚܪܢ ܬ‬ ‫ܰܫ ܬ ̈ܒܛܝܢ ܒ ܰܡ ܬܕܒ ܳܪܐ‪.‬‬ ‫݂ܶ ܳ ܰ ܰ ݂ܶ ܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܢܟܽܘܢ‪݂ܶ .‬ܡ ܽܛܽܠ ܳܗ ܳܢ ܰܡܛ ܬ ܽ‬ ‫ܩܬܘܢ ܐ݂ܶܢ݂ܶܝܽܢ ݂ܶܡ ܬ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܟܽܘܢ ܳܗ ݂ܶܠܝܽܢ‬ ‫ܘܡܢ ܒ ܬܬܪ ܡܘܬܗ ܕܚ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰܕܡ ܰܩ ̈ܕ ܳܡܢ ܗ ܰܘ ̈ܝ ܐܡ ܳܝܪܢ‪:‬‬ ‫ܘܗܐ ܓ ܬ ܰܕ ܬ ܽ‬ ‫ܩܽܕܡ ܕ ܳܠ ܢ݂ܶܓ ܰܕ ܬ ܽ‬ ‫ܫܟܽܘܢ‪ܳ .‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܘܗ ܳܫܐ ܽܡܘܫ݂ܶܐ ܳܐ ܰܡܪ ܗ ܳܘܐ ܠ ܬ ܽܟܘܢ ݂ܶܡܢ ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܫܟܽܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫ܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܩܬܘܢ ݂ܶܓܝܪ ܢܳ ܽܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܣܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܫܒ‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ ݂ܶ‬ ‫݂ܶ ܳ ܰ ܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܣܽܘܢ ܰܠ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܫܽܬܘܢ‪ .‬ܕ݂ܶܐܢ ܬ ݂ܶܬܛܦ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܠܝܽܢ‬ ‫ܐ ܬܦ ܐ ܳܢ ܳܗܐ ܐ ܰܡܪ ܐ ܳܢ ܠ ܬ ܽܟܘܢ‪ :‬ܡܽܢ ܒܽ ܬܬܪ ܕܚ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܕ݂ܶ ܬܐܬ ݂ܶ ܰܐܡܪ ܠ ܬ ܽܟܘܢ‪ :‬ܬ ݂ܶ ܬ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܠܽܬ ܳܢ ܬ ܽܟܽ ݂ܶܡ ݂ܶܕܡ ܕܣܝܡ ܰܘܢܛܝܪ ܠ ܬ ܽܟܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܣܒܘܢ ݂ܶܡܢ ܰܚ ܬ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܽܗܕ ܬܘܬܳܐ ܬܕ ܬܬ ݂ܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܬ ݂ܶ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܝ ܠܽܽܝ ܰܘܠ ܬ ܽܟܽܽܘܢ ܠ ܳܣܽ ܽ‬ ‫ܗܘܘܢ ܰܥܗ ܬܝܕܝܽܽܢ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܬܕ݂ܶܝܽܽܢ ܳ ܬܗܕ݂ܶܐ ܐ ܰܓܽܪܬܐ ܬ ݂ܶܒܽ ܰ ܬ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܝܠܽܬ ܳܢ‪ .‬ܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܟ ܳܢܐ ܬ ܳܕ ܬܐܦ ܠܝ ܢ ݂ܶ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܠܽܝ ܰܡ ܰܦܽܩ ܒ ܽܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܚܽܐ ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܠ ܬ ܽܦ ̈ܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܩܽܕܡ‬ ‫ܩܕܢܰܘܗܝ ܕ ܰܚ ܬ‬ ‫ܰܗܘ ܕ ܰܫܕ ܰܪܢ ܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܣܽܽܐ ܰܘܠ ܨ݂ܶܗܝܽܽܽܘܢ‪ܰ .‬ܘܠ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܘܢ ܰܥܗ ܬܝܕܝܽܽܢ ܠ ܳܢ ܽܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥܽܽܐ ܰܩܕܝܫܽܽܬܐ ܘܠ ܰܚ ̈ܝ ܽܟܽܽܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܗܘ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ݂̈ܶ ܰ ܰ ݂̈ܶ ܳ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܝܩܐ ܬܕ ܬܐܒܗܝܟܘܢ‪ .‬ܘܠ ܥ ܬܕܥ ܬܐܕ ܐ ܘܠ ܫܒܐ ܠ ܬܬܛܥܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰܘܠ ܬܕ ܬ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰܘ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܘܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܫܠܡܘ ܳ ܬܗܕ݂ܶܐ ܐ ݂ܶ ܰܓܪܬܳܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܽܘܬ ݂ܶܗ ܕܢܳ ܽܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܣܽܐ ܰܠ ܬܒ ܰܢ ̈ܝ ܽܟܽܘܢ ݂ܶܡܽܢ ܳܒ ܬܬ ܬ ܽܪܟܽܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܫܠܽܡ ܽܢ‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܝܟ ܳܢܐ ܬ ܳܕ ܬܐܦ ܠ ܬ ܽܟܘܢ ܰܐ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܰܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܫܠܡܘ ܠ ܬ ܽܟܘܢ ܐ ܬ ܳܒ ܰܗܝ ̈ ܽܟܘܢ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

1 Epistle of Baruch Ch. 

 

For all today’s1 recoveries become sickness.



All today’s strength becomes wretchedness.



All today’s youthful energy becomes old age, the end. All today’s fair beauty withers, is disfigured.



All today’s boastful power becomes humiliation and shame.



All today’s prideful praise becomes silent shame.2 All today’s magnificence and pomp become ruin and stillness.



All today’s pleasure and delight become3 dust and destruction.



All today’s boastful clamor becomes dust and silence.



All today’s property and wealth leads only to Sheol.



All today’s rapacious desire leads to unwelcome death. All today’s lustful ambition leads to4 a sentence of torment.



All today’s cunning and craftiness lead to a refutation of truth.



All today’s sweet salve becomes judgment and defeat.5



All today’s false friendship becomes true shame.



Therefore, although all these are of the present, do you believe that they will not be avenged?



For the consummation of all will be in truth.6

1

‘today’s’: lit. ‘of now’. So throughout this whole section.

2

‘silent shame’: lit. ‘shame of silence’.

3

‘become’: lit. ‘go to’.

4

‘leads to’: lit. ‘goes to’.

5

‘defeat’ or ‘guilt’.

6

‘will be in truth’: lit. ‘will come to truth’.



‫ܐܓܪܬܐ̈ܕܒܪܘܟ̈ܩܕܡܝܬܐ ̈‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ܝ ܽܟܠ ݂ܶܓܝܪ ܽܚ ̈ܘܠ ܳܡܢ݂ܶܐ ܬܕ ܳܗ ܳܫܐ‪ܳ :‬ܗ ܬܦܟܝܢ ܠ ܬ ܽܟܘܪ ܳܗ ݂ܶܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܝܠܽܬ ܽܢܘܬܳܐ ܕ ܳܗ ܳܫܐ ܳܗ ܬܦ ܳܟܐ ܰܠܡܚ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܠ ܬܘܬܳܐ‪ .‬ܬ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܐ ܬ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܟܠ ܽܥ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܫܢܽܐ ܬܕ ܳܗ ܳܫܽܐ ܳܗ ܬܦܽ ܬ‬ ‫ܘܟܠ ܰܚ ܬ ܬ ܬ‬ ‫ܠ ܬ ܽܕܘ ܳܘ ܳܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܽܘܬܳܐ ܰܘܠ ܽܫ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܙ ܐ ܬ ܰܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܠ ܳܡܽܐ‪ .‬ܬ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܒ ܬ ܽ‬ ‫ܥܠ ܽ‬ ‫ܽܘܬܳܐ ܳܗ ܬ ݂ܶܦܽ ܬ ܠ ܰܣ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܟܠ ܽܥ ܳ‬ ‫ܽܘܦ ܳܪܐ‬ ‫ܘܟܽܠ ܽܫ ܬ‬ ‫ܝܒ ܬ‬ ‫ܝܡ ܬ‬ ‫ܬܕܝܳܐܝܽ ܬܘܬܳܐ ܬܕ ܳܗ ܳܫܐ‪ܳ :‬ܗ ܬ ݂ܶܦ ܬ ܳܚ ݂ܶܡܐ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܘܡܣܬ ݂ܶܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ ܽ ܳܳ ܰ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܗܪ ܽܢ ܬܘܬܐ ܬܕ ܳܗ ܳܫܐ‪ܳ :‬ܗ ܬ ݂ܶܦ ܬ ܠ ܫ݂ܶ ܬܦܶܠ ܰܘܠ ܬ ݂ܶܒܗܬ ܬܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܝܓ ܬܘܟܠ ܐܘܚܕܢ ܬܕܫ ܬܒ‬ ‫ܰ ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܘܟܠ ܽܫ ܬܘܒ ܳܚܐ ܬܕ ܳܪ ܽܡ ܬܘܬܐ ܬܕ ܳܗ ܳܫܐ‪ܳ :‬ܗ ܬ ݂ܶܦܽ ܬ ܠ ܬ ݂ܶܒܽܗܬ ܬܬܐ ܬܕܫ݂ܶ ܬܬ ܳܩܽܐ‪ .‬ܬ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܕ ܬ ܽ‬ ‫ܽܘܬܐ‬ ‫ܘܟܽܠ ܓܐܝ ܬ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܬܕܫ݂ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܽܝܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܚܬ ܽܝܪ ܬܘܬܐ ܬܕ ܳܗ ܳܫܐ‪ܳ :‬ܗ ܬܦ ܳܟܐ ܠ ܰܡ ܽܦܘܠ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܬ‬ ‫݂ܶ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܝܗ ܬ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܟܠ ܽܦܘܢܳ ܳܩܐ ܬ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܚܒܶܠ‪.‬‬ ‫ܡܬܐ ܘܠ ܬ‬ ‫ܘܣ ܳܡܐ ܬܕ ܳܗ ܳܫܐ‪ܳ :‬ܗ ܬܦ ܬ ܠ ܪ ܬ‬ ‫ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܘ ܬ ܽ‬ ‫ܩܥ ܬܬܐ ܬܕ ܽܫ ܬܘܒ ܳܗ ܳܪ ܐ ܬܕ ܳܗ ܳܫܐ‪ܳ :‬ܗ ܬܦ ܳܟܐ ܠ ܰܥ ܬܦ ܳܪܐ ܰܘܠ ܫ݂ܶ ܬܬ ܳܩܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܟܠ‬ ‫ܘܟܠ ݂ܶܩܢ ܳܝ ܳܢܐ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܙ ܬ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܥ ܬܘܬ ܳܪ ܐ ܬܕ ܳܗ ܳܫܐ‪ܳ :‬ܗ ܬ ݂ܶܦ ܬ ܰܠ ܽ‬ ‫ܠܽܚ ܬ ܰ‬ ‫ܫܝܘܠ ܰܒ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܕܘܗܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܽ ̈ ݂ܶ ݂ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܢܽܗܘܢ‪ .‬ܬ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܚ ܬ ܽ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܬܕ ܳܗ ܳܫܽܐ‪ܳ :‬ܗ ܬܦܟܝܽܢ ܠ ܰܡܽܘܬܳܐ ܬܕ ܳܠ ܬܒܨ݂ܶ ܬܒ ܳܝ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܟܽܠ‬ ‫ܘܟܠ ܚܛܘ ܬܦܝܐ ܬܕܪ ܓ‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫݂ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܬܕ ܰܚ ݂̈ܶܫܐ ܬܕ ܳܗ ܳܫܐ‪ܳ :‬ܗ ܬܦ ܳܟܐ ܠ ܬܕ ܳܝܢܐ ܬܕ ܬ ܰܬܫܢ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܩܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܪܓ ܬ‬ ‫ܘܚ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܟܠ ܨܢ ܽ‬ ‫ܪܥ ܬܘܬܳܐ ܬܕ ܳܗ ܳܫܐ‪ܳ :‬ܗ ܬܦ ܳܟܐ ܠ ܰܡܟ ܳܣ ܽܢ ܬܘܬܳܐ ܬ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܛ ܬ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܥ ܬܘܬܳܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܫܪ ܳܪ ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܟ ܬܽ‬ ‫ܠܽܝ ܬܘܬܐ ܬܕ ݂ܶܡ ̈ܫ ܳܚܢ݂ܶܐ ܬܕ ܳܗ ܳܫܐ ܳܗ ܬܦ ܳܟܐ ܠ ܬܕ ܳܝܢܐ ܰܘܠ ܰܚ ܳܝ ܬ ܽܒ ܬܘܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܟܠ ܚ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܚܡ ܬܘܬܳܐ ܬܕ ܽܫ ܳ‬ ‫ܟܐ ܬ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܟܠ ܳܪ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܩܪܐ‪ܳ :‬ܗ ܬܦ ܳܟܐ ܠ ܚ݂ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܣܕܐ ܬܒ ܽܩܘܫܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܟܒ ܰܟ ܬܕ ܳܗ ݂ܶܠܝܢ ܳܗ ܬܟܝܠ ܽܟܽ ݂ܶܗܝܢ ܰ‬ ‫ܗܘ ̈ܝ ܳܗ ܳܫܐ‪ܳ :‬ܣ ܬ ܰܒܪ ܐܢܳܫ ܬܕܠ ݂ܶܡܬܬ ܬ ̈ܒ ܳܥܢ‪.‬‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܟܓ ܽܫ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܠ ܳܡܐ ܬܕ݂ܶܝܢ ܕ ܬ ܽܟܠ ܰܠ ܳ‬ ‫ܫܪ ܳܪ ܐ ܢ ܬܐܬܐ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

1 Epistle of Baruch Ch. 



Chapter  (M 78, Ceriani 83) 

For the Most High indeed hastens his times, indeed he brings (to pass) his seasons;



He will surely judge what is in his world, he will severely punish all things done in1 all their secret deeds.



He will indeed seek out hidden thoughts, and all that is in the inner chamber that is to be found2 in all parts of the human body; and openly, in front of all, he reveals these3 with reproach.



For thus, let not one of these that is to be established (there) reach4 your heart, but truly, it will wait, for it is coming, that which is promised to us.



May we now not consider the pleasures of the nations; rather may we remember that which is promised to us at the end.



For indeed they are transient,5 the limits of the times and the seasons, and everything in them together.



For in his consummation of the age, then shall we see the great strength of its leader, when everything will come to judgment.



You, therefore, must restore to your hearts that which formerly you believed, so that you will not be taken6 by the two worlds,7 as now8 you have been taken into captivity and will be tormented further.9



For that which now stands, or which passes over, or which is to come: in all these, not even the evil is wholly evil; nor even, further, is the good in it completely good.

1

‘done in’: lit. ‘in the hand of’.

2

‘to be found’: lit. ‘placed’.

3

‘reveals these’: lit. ‘brings out’.

4

‘reach’: lit. ‘come up into’.

5

‘transient’: lit. ‘passing over’.

6

‘taken’: Mosul reads ‘seized/caught’: see Introduction p. X, n. 17.

7

‘worlds’: same Syriac word as ‘age’ in a previous line.

8

‘as now’: lit. ‘that now’.

9

‘further’: lit. ‘again’.



‫ܐܓܪܬܐ̈ܕܒܪܘܟ̈ܩܕܡܝܬܐ ̈‬

‫ܰ ݂ܶ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܐ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܒ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܓ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܕ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܗ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܘ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܙ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܚ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܛ‬

‫݂ܶܩ ܬܦܶܠ ܳܘܢ‪ :‬ܘ ]ܡܘܨܠ ܥܚ ܓܠܝܢܐ ܦܓ[‪.‬‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܡܣ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܡܣ ܳ‬ ‫ܡܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܗ ܬ ܽܒܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܡܐ ݂ܶܓܝܪ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܡܝܝܽܘ ܰܡܝܐ ܥ ݂ܶ ܳܕܢܰ ̈ܘܗܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܪܗ ܬܒ ܰܙ ܬܒ ܰܢ ̈ܘܗܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫ܡܕܢ ܬ ܽܢܕܘܢ ܰܠ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܽܘܕ ܰܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܠܝܽܢ ܰܕ ܬܒ ܳܥ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܽܕܡ ܒ ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܫܽܪ ܳܪ ܐ ܬ ܽܟܽ ݂ܶܡ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܝܽܕܐ ܬܕ ܬ ܽܟܽܠ‬ ‫ܠܽܡܽܗ‪ .‬ܘܢ ݂ܶ ܬܦ ܽܩ ܬ‬ ‫ܬܳ‬ ‫ܥܒ ܬ ܰܕ ܝ ̈ ܽܗܘܢ ܰܕ ܬܒ ܽܛ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܫܝܐ‪.‬‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ‬ ‫݂ܶ ܳ ݂ܶ ݂ܶ ܰ ̈ ܳ ܳ ܰ ̈ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܐ‪ .‬ܬ ܽ‬ ‫ܽܬ ܳܘ ܳܢ ܬ ܰܕ ܬܒ ܬ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫ܽܽܗܘܢ ܰܗ ܳܕ ̈ܡܽܐ ܬܕ ܬ ܰܒܽܪ‬ ‫ܘܟܽܠ ܕ ܬܒ ܳܬ‬ ‫ܘܡ ܬܒܨ ܐ ܢ ܬܒܨ ܐ ܡܚܫ ܬܒ ܬܬܐ ܬܟܣ ܬ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܐܢܳ ܳܫܐ ܣܝܡ‪ܰ :‬ܘܠ ܬ ݂ܶܓ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܽܝܐ ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܩܕܡ ܟܠ ܐܢܫ ܒ ܬܟ ܬܐܬܐ ܡܦܩ‪.‬‬ ‫݂ܶ ܳ‬ ‫݂ܶܡܟܝܠ ݂ܶܓܝܪ ܳܠ ܢ ݂ܶ ̈ܣ ܳܩܢ ܰܥܠ ݂ܶܠ ܒ ܬ ܽܟܘܢ ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܝ‬ ‫ܚܕܐ ݂ܶܡܢ ܳܗ ݂ܶܠܝܢ ܕ ܳܩ ̈ܝ ܳܡܢ‪ .‬ܐܠ ܰܝ ܳܝܪܐ ܬ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܢܣ ݂ܶܟܐ‪݂ܶ :‬ܡܛܠ ܳܕ ܬܐܬܐ ܽܗܘ ݂ܶܡ ݂ܶܕܡ ܰܕܡܠܝ ܬ ܰܠܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݂ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܳܘܠ ܢ ܽܚܘܪ ܳܗ ܳܫܐ ܬܒ ܬ ܽܦܘܢܳ ܽ‬ ‫ܩܗܘܢ ܕ ܰܥ ̈ܡ ݂ܶܡܐ‪ .‬ܐܠ ܢ݂ܶܬܕ ܬ ܰܟܪ ݂ܶܡ ݂ܶܕܡ ܰܕܠ ܰܚ ܬܪܬܐ ܡܠܝ ܬ ܰܠܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ ܕ ܰܙ ܬܒ ̈ܢ݂ܶܽܽܐ ܘܥ݂ܶܽ ܳܽܕ ݂̈ܶܢ‪ .‬ܬ ܽ‬ ‫ܥܒܽܪ ܳܥ ܬܒܪܝܽܽܢ ܬ ܽܚܽ ̈‬ ‫ܽܘ ܰܡ ܽ‬ ‫݂ܶܡ ܽܛܽܽܠ ܕ ݂ܶܡ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܝ ܒܽ ܽܗܘܢ‬ ‫ܘܟܽܽܠ ܕ ܬ‬ ‫ܰܐ ܬܟ ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܚܕܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܝܕܝܢ ܢ ܰܚ ݂ܶܘܐ ܰܚ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܒ ܽܫ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܠ ݂ܶܡܗ ܕ݂ܶܝܢ ܕ ܳܥ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܽܡܐ‪ܳ :‬ܗ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܝܠܗ ܰܪ ܳܒܐ ܬ ܰܕܡ ܬ ܰܕܒ ܳܪܢ݂ܶܗ‪ܰ .‬ܟ ܬܕ ܽܟܠ ݂ܶܡ ݂ܶܕܡ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܢ ܬܐܬܐ ܠ ܬܕ ܳܝܢܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ݂ܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܡܢܽܬܘܢ‪ .‬ܕܠ ݂ܶܡܽܢ‬ ‫ܩܕܝܡ ܗ‬ ‫ܐܢܬܘܢ ܳܗ ܬܟܝܠ ܐ ܬܬ ݂ܶܩܢܘ ݂ܶܠ ܰܒ ̈ܘ ܬܬ ܬ ܽܟܘܢ ܠ ݂ܶܡ ݂ܶܕܡ ܕ ݂ܶܡܢ‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫݂ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܬ ܰܪ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ ܳܥ ̈ܠܽ ݂ܶܡܐ ܬܬ ݂ܶ ܬ ܰܬ ܬ ܽ‬ ‫ܚܕܘܢ‪ :‬ܕ ܳܗ ܳܫܐ ܐܫܬ ܬܒܝܘܢ ܬܘܬ ܬܘܒ ܬܫܬ ܽܢܩܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܥܒܪ ܰܐܘ ܳܕ ܬܐܬ ݂ܶܐ‪ :‬ܒ ܬ ܽܟ ݂ܶ‬ ‫݂ܶܡ ݂ܶܕܡ ݂ܶܓܝܪ ܕ ܰܩ ܳܝܡ ܳܗ ܳܫܐ ܰܐܘ ܰܕ ܬ ܰ‬ ‫ܽܗܝܢ ܳܗ ݂ܶܠܝܽܢ‪ :‬ܐ ܬܦܽܶܠ ܬܒܝܫܽܬܐ‬ ‫ܳ ܳ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܳ ܳ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܬ ܽܬ ܬܘܒ ܓܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܫܐ ܰܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܝܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܝ ܛ ܬܒ ܬܬܐ ܐ ܬ‬ ‫ܝܪܐ ܬ‬ ‫ܠܽܝܐ ܬ‬ ‫ܝ‪ :‬ܐ ܬܦܶܠ ܛ ܬܒ ܬ‬

‫‪‬‬

1 Epistle of Baruch Ch. 

 

Yet we understand the virtue of their strength, while they renounce the goodness of the one he gave to them. But like a cloud that passes over, they will pass over.



‫ܐܓܪܬܐ̈ܕܒܪܘܟ̈ܩܕܡܝܬܐ ̈‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ܛ‬

‫ܰ ܽ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܘܡ ܬܬ ܰܒܝܢܝܢ ܚ ܰܢܢ ܰܥܠ ܽܫ ܬܘܦ ܳܪܐ ܬܕ ܰܚ ܽ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܝܒ ܬܘܬܗ ܕ ܰܗܘ‬ ‫ܝܠܽܗܘܢ‪ܰ .‬ܟ ܬܕ ݂ܶܗ ܽܢܘܢ ܳܟ ܬܦܪܝܢ ܒܛ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܕܝܰܗ ܬܒ ܠ ܽܗܘܢ‪ .‬ܐ ܳܠ ܰܐܝ ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܥܢ ܳܢܐ ܬܕ ܳܥ ܬܒ ܳܪܐ ܢ݂ܶܥܒ ܽܪܘܢ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

1 Epistle of Baruch Ch. 



Chapter  (M 77, Ceriani 82) 

Because of this, my brothers, I wrote to you, so that in this way you might be comforted in the multitude of your afflictions.



For you knew that our Maker indeed exacts for us, from all our enemies, according to all that they have done to us, and truly it is (very) near, the consummation that the Most High brings to pass. 1 His mercy will come, and the consummation of his judgment is not far (away).



For see! now we see the great prosperity2 of the nations, although they act wickedly — but they are as nothing.3



We contemplate the greatness of their dominion, although they act unjustly4 — but they are very small.5



We see the strength of their power, while they stand continually6 before7 the Mighty One — but they will be valued as spittle.



We regard the glory of their greatness, although they do not obey the commandments of the Most High — but they will pass away like smoke.



We think about the beauty of their life — although they are led into uncleanness. But as grass will wither in the heat —



So we assess8 the power of their violence.9 Even if they do not call to mind the latter end, however as (by) a wave that passes over they will be pounded:

1

‘brings to pass’: lit. ‘does’.

2

‘great prosperity’: lit. ‘multitude of the prosperity’.

3

‘are as nothing’: lit. ‘resemble emptiness’.

4

‘act unjustly’: lit. ‘do iniquity’.

5

‘are very small’: lit. ‘will be likened to a drop’.

6

‘continually’: lit. ‘at every hour/always’.

7

‘stand … before’ or ‘oppose’.

8

‘assess’ or ‘reckon’.

9

‘violence’ or ‘harshness’.



‫ܐܓܪܬܐ̈ܕܒܪܘܟ̈ܩܕܡܝܬܐ ̈‬

‫ܰ ݂ܶ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܐ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܒ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܓ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܕ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܗ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܘ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܙ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܚ‬

‫݂ܶܩ ܬܦܶܠ ܳܘܢ‪ :‬ܗ ]ܡܘܨܠ ܥܙ ܓܠܝܢܐ ܦܒ[‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܟ ݂ܶܒ ܬܬ ܠ ܬ ܽܟܘܢ‪ܰ .‬ܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܝܟ ܳܢܐ ܬܬ ݂ܶ ܬܬ ܰܒ ܽܝܐܘܢ ݂ܶܡܢ ܽܣ ܬܳ‬ ‫ܘܓܐܐ ܬܕ ܳܥ ̈ܩ ܬܬ ܬ ܽܟܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫݂ܶܡܛܠ ܳܗ ܳܢ ܐ ܰܚ ̈ܝ ݂ܶ ܬ‬ ‫ܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܘܢ ܕ݂ܶܝܢ ܝ ܳ ܬܕܥܝܢ‪ :‬ܕ ݂ܶܡ ܬܬ ܰܒܥ ܬܳ ܬ ܰܒܥ ܰܠܢ ܳܥ ܬ ܽܒ ܬ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܕܢ ݂ܶܡܢ ܽܟܽܽ ܽܗܘܢ ܒܥ ݂ܶ ̈ܠܕ ܬ ܳܒ ܬ ܰܒܝܽܢ‪:‬‬ ‫ܗܘ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܝܽܒ ܗܘ ܫܘܠ ܡܽܐ ܬܕܥ ܬܒܽ ܬܕ‬ ‫ܝ ܩܪ ܬ‬ ‫ܥܒܽ ܬܕ ܽܘ ܠܽܢ‪ .‬ܐ ܬܦ ܕܝܝܽܪܐ ܬ‬ ‫ܐܝ ܬ ܟܽܠ ܡܽܐ ܬܕ ܬ‬ ‫ܝܡܐ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܚܡܘܗܝ ܢ ܬܐܬܘܢ‪ܳ .‬ܘܠ ܗ ܳܘܐ ܰܪܚܝܩ ܽܫ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܡܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܠ ܳܡܐ ܬܕܬܕܝܢ݂ܶܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳܗܐ ܬ ݂ܶܓܝܪ ܳܚܙ݂ܶܝܽܢ ܚ ܰܢܽܢ ܳܗ ܳܫܽܐ ܽܣ ܬܳ‬ ‫ܽܘܬ ܽܗܘܢ ܕ ܰܥ ̈ܡ ݂ܶܡܽܐ‪ܰ :‬ܟ ܬܽܕ ݂ܶܗ ܽܢܽܘܢ‬ ‫ܽܘܓܐܐ ܬܕ ܰܡܨܠ ܳܚ ܽܢ ܬ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݂ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܰܡܪܫܥܝܢ‪ .‬ܐܠ ܠ ݂ܶܗ ܬܒܶܠ ܗܘ ܳܕ ݂ܶܡܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫݂ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܐܘܚܕ ܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽܘܓܐܐ ܬ ܽܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܚܝܪܝܢ ܚ ܰܢܽܢ ܒ ܽܣ ܬܳ‬ ‫ܢܽܗܘܢ ܰܟܽ ܬܕ ݂ܶܗ ܽܢܽܘܢ ܰܡܥܽܘܠܝܢ‪ .‬ܐܠ ܠ ܽܢܽܘܛܦ ܬܬܐ‬ ‫ܢ݂ܶܬ ܰܕ ܽܡܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܘܚܙ ݂ܶ ܰܝܢܢ ܽܫ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪܪ݂ܶܗ ܕ ܰܚ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܠܽܗܘܢ‪ܰ .‬ܟ ܬܕ ݂ܶܗ ܽܢܘܢ ܽܠܽܘ ܬ ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܝܠܽܽܬ ܳܢ ܳܩܝܡܝܽܢ ܒ ܬ ܽܟܽܠ‬ ‫ܩܒܠ ܰܚ‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܳܫ ܳܥܐ‪ .‬ܐ ܳܠ ܰܐܝ ܬ ܽܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܩܐ ܢ ݂ܶ ܬܬ ܰܚ ܽ‬ ‫ܫܒܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫݂ܶ ܽ ܳ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܘܚܬܐ ܬܕ ܰܪ ܽܒ ܬܘܬ ܽܗܘܢ‪ܰ .‬ܟ ܬܕ ݂ܶܗ ܽܢܘܢ ܳܠ ܢܳܛܪܝܽܢ ܽܦ ̈ܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܩܕܢܰܽܘܗܝ‬ ‫ܘܡ ܬܬ ܰܚܫܒ ܰܝܢܢ ܰܥܠ ܬܫܒ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܰ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܝܡܐ‪ .‬ܐܠ ܐܝ ܬ ܬ ܢܳ ܳܢܐ ܢ݂ܶܥܒ ܽܪܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܕܡܪ‬ ‫ܰ ܽ ܳ‬ ‫݂ܶ ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪ ܢ݂ܶܝܢ ܚ ܰܢܢ ܰܥܠ ܽܫ ܬܘܦ ܳܪܐ ܬܕ ܰܚ ܽܝ ܬܘܬ ܽܗܘܢ‪ܰ .‬ܟ ܬܕ ݂ܶܗ ܽܢܘܢ ܒܛܢܦ ܬܘܬܐ ݂ܶܡܬ ܰܕܒܪܝܢ‪ .‬ܐܠ ܐܝ ܬ‬ ‫ܥ ݂ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܣܒܐ ܬܕ ܳܚ ݂ܶܡܐ ܢ ܬܐܒ ܽܫܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫݂ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܘܡ ܬܬ ܰܚܫܒ ܰܝܢܢ ܰܥܠ ܽܥ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܫܢܐ ܬܕ ܰܩ ܽ‬ ‫ܽܪܬܐ ܠ ݂ܶܡܬ ܰܕ ܬܟܪܝܽܢ‪ .‬ܐܠ‬ ‫ܫܝ ܬܘܬ ܽܗܘܢ‪ܰ .‬ܟ ܬܕ ݂ܶܗ ܽܢܽܘܢ ܚ ܬ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݂ܶ ܳ ܳ ܰ ݂ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܫܬ ܽ‬ ‫ܚܩܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܐܝ ܬ ܓܶܠ ܬܕܥ ܬܒܪ ܢ‬

‫‪‬‬

1 Epistle of Baruch Ch. 



Chapter  (M 76, Ceriani 81) 

But also, to comfort you,1 hear the word!



For I was mourning for Zion, beseeching the Most High for mercy. I said:



How long2 will these things be our lot?3 Will evil always afflict us?4



These things which the Mighty One did, according to his great mercy,5 the Most High according to the abundance of his compassion. He revealed to me the word, so that I should be comforted, he showed me visions so that I should be grieved no more, and he made known to me the secret of the times, he made me understand the coming of the seasons.

1

‘to comfort you’: lit. ‘as comfort’.

2

‘How long’: lit. ‘Until when’.

3

‘be our lot’: lit. ‘abide for us’.

4

‘afflict us’: lit. ‘come upon us’.

5

‘great mercy’: lit. ‘the multitude of his mercies’.



‫ܐܓܪܬܐ̈ܕܒܪܘܟ̈ܩܕܡܝܬܐ ̈‬

‫ܰ ݂ܶ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܐ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܒ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܓ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܕ‬

‫݂ܶܩ ܬܦܶܠ ܳܘܢ‪ :‬ܕ ]ܡܘܨܠ ܥܘ ܓܠܝܢܐ ܦܐ[‪.‬‬ ‫݂ܶ ܳ‬ ‫݂ܶܐ ܳܠ ܳܐ ܬܦ ܰܥܠ ܽܒܘܝܳܐܳܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܠܽܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܫܡܥܘ ܡ ܬ‬ ‫݂ܶ ܳ ݂ܶ ݂ܶ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܚܡܐ ݂ܶܡܢ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܒܥ݂ܶܐ ܰܪ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܝ ܰܥܠ ܨ݂ܶܗܝܽܘܢ‪ :‬ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܬ ܬ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܝܡܐ‪݂ܶ .‬ܘܐܡܪ݂ܶ ܬܬ‪.‬‬ ‫ܐܒܠ ܗܘ ܬ‬ ‫ܐܢ ܬܓܝܪ ܡ ܬ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܙܒܢ ܐ ܬܬ ܳܝ ̈ܢ ܰ‬ ‫ܥܕ ܳܡܐ ݂ܶܠ ܰܡ ܬܬܝ ܳܗ ݂ܶܠܝܢ ܳܩ ̈ܝ ܳܡܢ ܰܠܢ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܬܒ ܬ ܽܟ ܬ ܰ‬ ‫ܰܕ ܬ ܰ‬ ‫ܥܠܝܢ ܒ ̈ܝ ܳܫ ܬܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܰܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽܘܓܐܐ ܬܕ ܰܪ ܰ‬ ‫ܳܗ ݂ܶܠܝܽܢ ܰܕ ܬ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܠܽܽܬ ܳܢ ܰܐܝܽ ܬ ܽܣܽ ܬܳ‬ ‫ܽܘܬܐ‬ ‫ܥܒܽ ܬܕ ܰܚ‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫ܚܡܽܘܗܝ‪ :‬ܘܡܪܝܡܽܐ ܰ ܐܝܽ ܬ ܽܪܒܽ ܬ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܬ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܽܽܬܐ ܰܐܝܽ ܬ ܕ݂ܶ ܬܐܬ ܰܒ ܰܝܽܐ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܘܚܽܘܝܰܢ ܝ ܚ݂ܶ ̈ܽܙ ܳܘ ݂ܶܢ ܐܝܽ ܬ ܬܕ ܬܬ ܬܘܒ ܠ‬ ‫ܚܢ ܢ݂ܶܗ‪ܰ .‬ܘ ܬܓܽܶܠ ܠܽܝ ݂ܶܡ ܬ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܐ݂ܶܬܬܥܝܩ‪ܰ .‬ܘܐܘܕ ܰܥܢ ܝ ܐ ܳܪ ܳܙ ܐ ܬܕ ܰܙ ܬܒ ̈ܢ݂ܶܐ‪݂ܶ .‬‬ ‫ܝ ܽܗܘܢ ܕܥ ݂ܶ ܳܕ ̈ܢ ܰܚܘܝܰܢ ܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܡ ܬܐܬ ܬ‬

‫‪‬‬

1 Epistle of Baruch Ch. 



Chapter  (M 75, Ceriani 80) 

So now, my brothers, I make known to you, that when the enemies surrounded the city, messengers were sent from the Most High. They demolished the ramparts of the fortified wall, they ruined the strong iron corners, these which could not be pulled down.



However, they hid some of the vessels of the sanctuary,1 so that they would not be defiled by the enemies.



When they had done these things, then they handed over to the enemies the demolished wall,2 the plundered house, the burnt temple, the people who were vanquished, for they were3 delivered up, so that the enemies would not glorify themselves saying: Thus with strength we have overcome, so that we have even4 laid waste in battle the house of the Most High.



They also bound their brothers and took them to Babylon and made them live there.



We were left here, a few feeble ones.



This is the adversity about which I wrote to you:



for indeed I know that the habitation of Zion was a comfort to you,5 as long as you knew that it was flourishing, more than the adversity which distressed you so when you departed from it.

1

‘some of the vessels of the sanctuary’: lit. ‘vessels from the holy vessels’.

2

‘demolished wall’: lit. ‘the wall when demolished’.

3

‘they were’: lit. ‘it was’.

4

‘so that … even’: lit. ‘until also’.

5

‘comfort to you’: lit. ‘comforted you’.



‫ܐܓܪܬܐ̈ܕܒܪܘܟ̈ܩܕܡܝܬܐ ̈‬

‫ܰ ݂ܶ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܐ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܒ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܓ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܕ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܗ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܘ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܙ‬

‫݂ܶܩ ܬܦܶܠ ܳܘܢ‪ :‬ܓ ]ܡܘܨܠ ܥܗ ܓܠܝܢܐ ܦ[‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ ݂ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܘܗ ܳܫܐ ܰܐ ܰܚ ̈ܝ ܰܡ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܕܝܢܬܐ‪ :‬ܐܫܽܬ ܰܕܪܘ‬ ‫ܘܕܥ ܐ ܳܢ ܠ ܬ ܽܟܘܢ‪ .‬ܕ ܬ ܰܟ ܬܕ ܰܚ ܬܕ ܽܪܘܗ ܒܥ ݂ܶ ̈ܠܕ ܬ ܳܒ ܬ ݂ܶܒܐ ܰܠ‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫ܳ̈ܳ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܣܢ ̈ܘܗܝ ܕ ܽܫ ܳ‬ ‫ܰܡ ܰܶܠ ܬ ݂̈ܶܟܐ ܬ ܰܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܣܚ݂ܶ ܬܦܘ ܚ݂ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܡܐ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܘܪ ܐ ܰܥܫ ܳܝܢܐ‪ܰ .‬ܘ ܬܰ‬ ‫ܝܽܪ ܬܬܐ‬ ‫ܝܐ ܫܪ‬ ‫ܗܓܡܽܘ ܙܘ ܬ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܙܠ‪ܳ :‬ܗ ݂ܶܠܝܢ ܕ ܳܠ ݂ܶܡ ̈ܫܟ ܳܚܢ ܗ ܰܘ ̈ܝ ܕܢ݂ܶܬ ܰܥ ܳ‬ ‫ܩܪܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܬܕ ܬܦ‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ݂ܶ ܰ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܣܬ ܬ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܒܘܢ ݂ܶܡܢ ܒܥ ݂ܶ ̈ܠܕ ܬ ܳܒ ܬ ݂ܶܒܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܒ ܰܪܡ ܕ݂ܶܝܢ ܳܡ ̈ܐܢ ݂ܶܡܢ ܳܡ ̈ܐܢ ܬܕ ܽܩ ܬܘܕ ܳܫܐ ܛܫܝܘ‪ :‬ܐܝ ܬ ܕܠ ܢ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܝܕܝܢ ܰܐ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܬܰ‬ ‫ܘܟ ܬܕ ܬ ܰ‬ ‫ܥܒ ܬܕܘ ܳܗ ݂ܶܠܝܢ‪ܳ :‬ܗ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܝܽܦ‪.‬‬ ‫ܫܠܡܘ ܠ ܽܗܘܢ ܰܠ ܬܒܥ ݂ܶ ̈ܠܕ ܬ ܳܒ ܬ ݂ܶܒܐ‪ܽ :‬ܫܘܪ ܐ ܬ ܰܟܽ ܬܕ ܣܚ ܬ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܩ ܬܕ‪ܰ .‬‬ ‫ܘܗܝܟ ܳܶܠ ܬ ܰܟ ܬܕ ܰܡ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܐ ܬ ܰܟ ܬܕ ܒܙܝܙ‪ܰ .‬‬ ‫ܘܥ ܳܡܐ ܬܕ݂ܶܐܙܕ ܬܟܝ ݂ܶܡܛܽܠ ܕ݂ܶܐܫܬ ݂ܶܠܽܡ‪ .‬ܕܠ‬ ‫ܬܘܒ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܢ݂ܶܗܘܘܢ ܡܫܬ ܬܒܗܪܝܢ ܒܥܠܕ ܬܒ ܬܒܐ ܘܐܡܪܝܢ‪ :‬ܕܗ ܬܟܢܐ ܐ ܬܬܡܨ݂ܶܝܢ ܒ ܰܚܝ ܽܶܠ‪ :‬ܬ ܰ‬ ‫ܥܕܡܽܐ ܬ ܳܕ ܬܐܦ‬ ‫ܰ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܝܡܐ ܢܰܚܪ݂ܶ ܬܒ ܰܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܗ ܰܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܩܪ ܬ ܳܒܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܠ ܬܒ‬ ‫ܳܰ‬ ‫݂ܽܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܐܘܒܠܘ ܠ ܬ ܳܒ ܬ ݂ܶܒܠ‪ܰ .‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܳܘ ܬܐܦ ܠ ܰܚ ̈ܝ ܽܗܘܢ ܦ ܬ ܰܟܪܘ ܰܘ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܐܥܡܪܘ ܐܢܘܢ ܬܡܢ‪.‬‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫݂ܶܘܐܫܬ ܰܚܪܢ ܰ‬ ‫ܚܢܢ ܳܗ ܳܪܟܐ ܰܩܠܝܠ ܽܙܥܘܪ ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܟ ݂ܶܒ ܬܬ ܠ ܬ ܽܟܘܢ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܥܠܝܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܩܬܐ ܬܕ ܬ ݂ܶ ܬ‬ ‫ܳ ܬܗ ܳܕ ܐ ܗܝ ܥ ܬ‬ ‫ܡܒ ܰܝܐ ܗ ܳܘܐ ܠ ܬ ܽܟܘܢ ܽܥ ܳ‬ ‫ܝ ݂ܶܓܝܪ ܝ ܳ ܬ ܰܕܥ ܐ ܳܢ‪ܰ :‬ܕ ܬ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܡܪܗ ܕܨ݂ܶܗܝܽܘܢ‪ :‬ܟ ܳܡܐ ܬܕܝ ܳ ܬܕܥܝܢ‬ ‫ܰܫܪ ܳܝܪܐ ܬ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫݂ܶ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܩܽܬܐ ܬ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܡܥܩܝܽܢ ܗ ܰܘܝܘܢ ܰܕ ܐܪܚ݂ܶܩܽܬܘܢ‬ ‫ܗ ܰܘܝܘܢ ܕ ܰܡܨܠ ܳܚܐ ܗ ܳܘ ܬܬ‪ܰ :‬ܝܝܪ ܡܽܢ ܥ ܬ‬ ‫݂ܶܡ ܳܢܗ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

1 Epistle of Baruch Ch. 



Chapter  (M 74, Ceriani 79) 

Now therefore, my brothers, you knew beforehand what befell Zion: that Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon rose up against us,1



For we sinned against him who made us, we did not keep the commandment(s) which he had commanded us; truly it came upon us,



That which befell you. We will suffer even more: for it has happened to us.

1

‘rose up against us’: lit. ‘came up upon us’.



‫ܐܓܪܬܐ̈ܕܒܪܘܟ̈ܩܕܡܝܬܐ ̈‬

‫݂ܶ‬ ‫݂ܶܩ ܬ ܰܦܶܠ ܳܘܢ‪ :‬ܒ‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ܐ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܒ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܓ‬

‫]ܡܘܨܠ ܥܕ ܓܠܝܢܐ ܥܛ[‪.‬‬

‫ܰܰ̈ ܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܩܕܡ‪ .‬ܕ ܳܡ ܳܢܽܐ ܰܓ ܬܕ ܳܫܽܗ ܠ ܨ݂ܶܗܝܽܽܘܢ‪ܰ .‬ܕ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܝܘܢ ܝ ܳ ܬܕܥܝܢ ܽܠܘ ܬ ܰ‬ ‫ܣܠܽܩ‬ ‫݂ܶܡܟܝܠ ܐܚܝ ܗܘ‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܢܒܘ ܬ ܰܟ ܬܕܢܳ ܰܨܪ ܰܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܥܠܝܢ ܬ ܽ‬ ‫ܠܽܟܐ ܬܕ ܬ ܳܒ ܬ ݂ܶܒܠ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܽ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܰ ݂ܶ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܩܕܢ‪ .‬ܐܠ ܐ ܬܦ ܰܠܢ ܬܐܕܪ݂ܶ ܬܟ‬ ‫ܚܛܝܢ ݂ܶܓܝܪ ܠ ܗܘ ܕܥ ܬܒܕܢ‪ :‬ܘܠ ܢܛܪܢ ܦܘܩܕܢ ܬܕ ܬܦ ܬ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݂ܶܡ ݂ܶܕܡ ܰܕ ܓ ܬ ܰܕ ܬ ܽ‬ ‫ܝ ܬ ܬܘܒ ܢ ݂ܶ ܰܚܫ‪ .‬ܐ ܬܦ ܰܠܢ ݂ܶܓܝܪ ܰܓ ܬܕ ܰܫܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܫܟܘܢ‪ .‬ܕ ܰܝ ܳܝܪܐ ܬ‬ ‫ܬ‬

‫‪‬‬

1 Epistle of Baruch Ch. 

 

For further, also, that you should understand that it is fair,1 the judgment of that one who decided, concerning you, that you should be taken into captivity. Indeed, anything you have suffered is less than anything you have done. Thus,2 at the end of time,3 you may be worthy of4 your fathers. Therefore, if you will reflect on these things, that what you have now suffered is for your own good, so that you will not be judged at the end, and suffer torment, (but that) then you will be given5 eternal hope; now if, in particular, you will cast out of your heart the vain folly because of which you went from here.



For if you will act6 thus, he will faithfully remember you, he who has always promised, for (the sake of) those who surpass us, that he will never forget us or forsake us, but instead, with great mercy, will again gather those who were scattered.

1

‘understand that it is fair’: lit. ‘approve’.

2

‘Thus’: lit. ‘Because’.

3

‘end of time’: lit. ‘last times’.

4

‘worthy of’ or ‘equal to’.

5

‘be given’: lit. ‘receive’.

6

‘act’: lit. ‘do these things’.



‫ܐܓܪܬܐ̈ܕܒܪܘܟ̈ܩܕܡܝܬܐ ̈‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ܘ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܙ‬

‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫݂ܶܡ ܽܛܽܽܠ ܳܗ ܳܢ ܐ݂ܶܢ ܬ ݂ܶ ܬܬ ܰܚ ܬ ܽ‬ ‫ܫܒܽܽܘܢ ܳܗ ݂ܶܠܝܽܽܢ ܰܕܠ ܛ ܬܒ ܬܬ ܬ ܽܟܽܽܘܢ ܽܗܘ ܰܚܫܽܽܬܘܢ ܳܗ ܳܫܽܽܐ‪ :‬ܕܠ‬ ‫ܳ ݂ܶ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫݂ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܕܝܽܢ ܬ ܰܩܒ ܽܠܽܘܢ ܰܣ ܬܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܫܬ ܽܢܩܽܘܢ‪ܳ .‬ܗ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܽܪܐ ܬ ܰܕܠ ܳܥ ܰܠܽܡ‪ .‬ܐܢ ܽܗܘ‬ ‫ܠ ܰܚ ܬܪܬܐ ܬܬܬܕ ܽܝܢܽܘܢ ܬܘܬ‬ ‫ܳ ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ ܳ ݂ܶ ܽ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܕ ܰܝܝܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܝ ܬܪ ܽ‬ ‫ܽܽܬܗ‬ ‫ܽܪܐ ܬ‬ ‫ܽܽܘܬܐ ܣܪܝܩܽܽܬܐ‪ :‬ܗܝ ܕܡܛܠܽ ܬ‬ ‫ܝܡܽܽܘܢ ݂ܶܡܽܽܢ ݂ܶܠ ܒ ܬ ܽܟܽܽܘܢ ܛܥܝ ܬ‬ ‫݂ܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܐ ܰܙܠ ܬܘܢ ݂ܶܡܢ ܳܗ ܳܪܟܐ‪.‬‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܝ ݂ܶܡܬܕ ܬ ܰܟܽܪ ܠ ܬ ܽܟܽܘܢ‪ܰ :‬ܗܘ ܰܕ ܬܒ ܬ ܽܟ ܬ ܰ‬ ‫ܙܒܽܢ‬ ‫ܐܢ ݂ܶܓܝܪ ܬܥܒ ܬ ܽܕܘܢ ܳܗ ݂ܶܠܝܢ ܳܗ ܬ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ‪ :‬ܐܡ ܳܝܢܐ‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݂ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݂ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܚܠܽ ܬ ܰܦܝܢ ܰܠ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܫܬܘܕܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܠܝܢ ܰܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܝܪܝܢ ݂ܶܡ ܰܢܢ‪ :‬ܕܠ ܠ ܳܥ ܰܠܡ ܢ݂ܶܛܥ݂ܶܝܢ ܐܘ ܢ݂ܶܫܒ ܰܩܽܢ‪ :‬ܐܠ‬ ‫ܐ‬ ‫ܰ ݂ܶ ܰ ݂̈ܶ ܰ ݂ܶ ܽ ܰ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܬܒܪܚܡܐ ܣܓܝܐܐ ܬܢܟܢܫ ܬ ܬܘܒ ܠܝܠܝܢ ܕ ܬܐܬܒܕܪܘ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

1 Epistle of Baruch Ch. 

The First Epistle of Baruch The letter of Baruch the Scribe which he sent from Jerusalem to Babylon Chapter  (M 73, Ceriani 78) 

These are the words which Baruch the son of Neriah sent to the nine and a half tribes, those1 who were on the further bank of the river Euphrates: these (things) were written in it.



So says Baruch the son of Neriah to the brothers who were taken captive: Love and peace!



I remember, my brothers, the love of him who created us, who loved us from the first, who never2 hated us — though indeed he has chastised us, (as) truly I know.



For see! We are all bound, the twelve tribes in a single bondage, as we are descended3 from a single father.



Therefore I am particularly concerned to leave you the words of this letter before I should die, so that you may be comforted concerning the evils which have afflicted you,4 yet grieved further for the evil which has befallen your brothers.

1

‘those’: lit. ‘they’.

2

‘never’: lit. ‘not from aforetime’.

3

‘descended’: lit. ‘begotten’.

4

‘afflicted you’: lit. ‘happened to you’.



‫ܐܓܪܬܐ̈ܕܒܪܘܟ̈ܩܕܡܝܬܐ ̈‬

‫ܐ ݂ܶ ܰܓܪܬܳܐ ܬܕ ܬ ܳܒ ܽܪ ܬܘܟ ܳܣ ܬܦ ܳܪܐ ܬܕ ܰܫ ܰܕܪ ݂ܶܡܢ ܽܐܘܪ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܝܫܠܡ ܠ ܬ ܳܒ ݂ܶܒܠ‬ ‫ܰ ݂ܶ‬ ‫݂ܶܩ ܬܦܶܠ ܳܘܢ‪ :‬ܐ ]ܡܘܨܠ ܥܓ ܓܠܝܢܐ ܥܚ[‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ܐ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܒ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܓ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܕ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܗ‬

‫݂ܶ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܫܥܽܐ ܰܫ ̈ܒܛܝܽܢ ܬ ݂ܶ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܘܦ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܠܽܓܽܗ‪:‬‬ ‫ܘܗ ݂ܶܠܝܢ ܦ ܬܬ ܬܳܓ ̈ܡܐ ܬܕ ܰܫ ܰܕܪ ܳܒܽ ܽܪ ܬܘܟ ܰܒܽܪ ܢܪܝܳܽܐ ܠ ܬܬ ܳ ܬ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܐܝ ܽ‬ ‫ܟܝ ̈ ܬ ܳܒܢ ܗ ܰܘ ̈ܝ ܳܒܗ ܳܗ ݂ܶܠܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳܗ ݂ܶܠܝܢ ܕ ܬ‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ ܗ ܰܘܘ ܒܥ ݂ܶ ܬܒܪ݂ܶܗ ܕܢܰܗܪ ܐ ܬܦ ܳܪ ܬܬ‪ܰ .‬ܕ ܬ ܬ‬ ‫ܚܡܐ ܰܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܳܗ ܬ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܳܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܒ ܽܪ ܬܘܟ ܰܒܪ ܢܪܝܳܐ‪ܰ :‬ܠ ݂̈ܶܚܐ ܬܕ݂ܶܐܫܬ ܬܒܝܘ‪ܰ :‬ܪ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܫܠܽ ܳܡܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ݂ܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܥܗ ܬܝܕ ܐ ܳܢ ܰܐ ܰܚ ̈ܝ ܠ ܽܚ ܳ‬ ‫ܡܽܬܘܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܒܐ ܬܕ ܽܗܘ ܬ ܰܕ ܬܒ ܳܪܢ‪ܰ .‬ܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܣܢܽܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܐܚܒܢ ݂ܶܡܢ ܬ‬ ‫ܩܕܝܡ ܬܘܕܠ ܡ ܬ‬ ‫݂ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܝ ܳ ܬܪܕ݂ܶܐ ܗ ܳܘܐ ܰܠܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܐܠ ܬܕ ܰܝ ܳܝܪܐ ܬ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܐܣܪܢ ܽ ܰ‬ ‫ܟܢ‪ :‬ܬܪ݂ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܝ ܝ ܳ ܬ ܰܕܥ ܐ ܳܢ‪ :‬ܕ ܳܗܐ ܐ ݂ܶ ܬܬ ݂ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܥܣܪ ܰܫ ܬ ̈ܒܛܝܢ ܒ ܰܚ ܬܕ ܐ ܽܣܘܪܝܳܐ‪ܰ :‬ܕ ܐܝ ܬ‬ ‫ܘܫܪ ܳܝܪܐ ܬ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܕ ݂ܶܡܢ ܰܚ ܬܕ ܐ ܬ ܳܒܐ ܝܠ ܬܝܕ ܰܝܢܢ‪.‬‬ ‫݂ܶ ݂ܶ ̈ ݂ܶ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܝ ܐ ݂ܶ ܬܬܒܛ݂ܶܠ ܠܝ‪ .‬ܕ݂ܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܐܓܽܪܬܐ‬ ‫ܐܫܒܽܘܩ ܠ ܬ ܽܟܽܘܢ ܡܠܽܝܽܗ ܕ‬ ‫݂ܶܡܛܠ ܳܗ ܳܢ ܰܝ ܳܝܪܐ‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫̈ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܽܽܬܐ ܬܕ ܰܡܛ ܬ ܽ‬ ‫ܽܽܘܬ‪ .‬ܕ ܬܬ ݂ܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܳ ܬܗܕ݂ܶܐ ݂ܶܡܽܽܢ ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܟܽܽܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܗܘܘܢ ݂ܶܡ ܬܬ ܰܒܝܐܝܽܽܢ ܰܥܽܽܠ ܒܝܫ‬ ‫ܩܽܽܕܡ ܕ݂ܶ ܽܐܡ‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰ ݂ܶ ܽ ܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܝܩܘܢ ܬ ܬܘܒ ܰܥܠ ܒܝܫܬܐ ܬܕ ܬ ݂ܶܓ ܬܕ ܰܫ ܬܬ ܠ ܰܚ ̈ܝ ܽܟܘܢ‪ .‬ܬ ܬܘܒ ܕ݂ܶܝܽܢ ܐ ܬܦ ܰܕܬ ܰܙ ܕ ܽܩܽܘܢ‬ ‫ܘܕ ܬܬܬܥ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܽ ݂ܶ ݂ܶ ݂ܶ ܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܕܝܢ݂ܶܗ ܕܗܘ ܰܕ ܬܓ ܰܙܪ ܥܠܝܟܘܢ ܕ ܬܬܫܬ ܬܒܘܢ‪ .‬ܒܨܝܪ ܗܘ ܬܓܝܪ ܡܕܡ ܕܚܫܽܬܘܢ‪ :‬ܡܽܢ‬ ‫݂ܶ ݂ܶ ܰ ܰ ܽ‬ ‫݂ܶ ܰ‬ ‫݂ܶ ܽ ܰ ܰ ݂̈ܶ ܳ ݂ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܫܘܝܢ ܠ ܬ ܳܒ ܰܗܝ ̈ ܽܟܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܚܪܝ݂ܶܐ ܬܬܫܬ ܬܟ ܽܚܘܢ‬ ‫ܥܒܕܬܘܢ‪ .‬ܡܛܠ ܕܠ ܙ ܬܒܢܐ ܐ‬ ‫ܡܕܡ ܕ ܬ‬

‫‪‬‬

The Epistle of Jeremiah

 

Like the thorn in the garden, on which every bird sits, so are they; like the dead, cast (out) into darkness — these1 they resemble, their gods, of wood, of silver, and of gold.



For by the purple (garment), by the marble, corrupted around them, you shall know that they are not gods; for truly at the end they will be destroyed2 forever, they will be a reproach upon the earth.



For it is good for a righteous man that he should have no idol,3 that he should be without4 reproach, seeking the Lord God.

1

‘these’: lit. ‘thus’.

2

‘they will be destroyed’: see Introduction. Addendum 1.

3

‘he should have no idol’: lit. ‘not in him an idol’.

4

‘without’: lit. ‘distant/far from’.



‫ܐܓܪܬܐ̈ܕܐܪܡܝܐ ̈‬ ‫‪ ‬ܥ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܥܐ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܥܒ‬

‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܳܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܰ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܽܬܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܝ ܳܒ ܽܐ‪ܳ :‬ܗ ܬ ܰܟ ܳܢܽܽܐ ܐ ܽܢܽܽܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܥܠܽܽܘܗܝ ܳ ܬ‬ ‫ܽܬܐ‪ :‬ܕ ܬ ܽܟܽܽܠ ܦܪܚ ܰܽ ܬ‬ ‫ܰܘܐܝ ܽ ܬ ܗܛܛܽܽܐ ܬܕ ܬܒ ܬܓܢܽ ܬ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܝܣܐ ܰܘܕ ݂ܶܟ ܳ‬ ‫ܫܕܐ ܬܒܚ݂ܶ ܽܫ ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܣܦܐ ܰܘ ܬܕ ܰܕ ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܐ ܬ ܰܕ ܬ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܗܒܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܟܐ‪ܳ :‬ܗ ܬ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܬ ܳܕ ݂ܶܡܝܢ ܐ ܳܠ ܰܗܝ ̈ ܽܗܘܢ ܕ ܰܩ ܳ ܬ ܬ‬ ‫ܰܘܠ ܡ ܬ‬ ‫ܝܫܽܐ ܬ ܰܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܥܠ ܽ‬ ‫ܽܘ ܳܢ ݂ܶܓܝܽܪ ݂ܶ‬ ‫݂ܶܡܢ ܰܐܪܓ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܽܗܘܢ ܕ ݂ܶܡ ܬܬ ܰܚ ܰܒܽܠ‪ :‬ܬ ݂ܶܕ ܽܥܽܘܢ ܕ ܳܠ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܡܽܢ ܫ ܳ‬ ‫ܗܘܘ‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫ܣܕܐ ܬ ܰܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܰܐ ܳܠ ݂̈ܶܗܐ‪ܳ .‬ܐ ܬܦ ݂ܶܗ ܽܢܘܢ ܕ݂ܶܝܢ ܠ ܰܚ ܬܪܬܳܐ ܠ ܳܥ ܰܠܡ ܢ ݂ܶ ܬܬ ܰܚܒ ܽܠܘܢ ܘܢ ݂ܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܗܘܘܢ ܠ ܚ݂ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܪܥܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܣܽܕܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܬ ܬܟ ܳܪܐ‪ :‬ܕ ܰܪܚܝܩ ݂ܶܡܢ ܚ݂ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܡܣ ݂ܶܟܽܐ‬ ‫ܛ ܬܒ ܕ݂ܶܝܢ ܠ ܬܰܓ ܬܒ ܳܪܐ ܰܙ ܕ ܳܝܩܐ ܬܕ ܰܠܝ ݂ܶܒܗ ܦ ܬ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܠ ܳܡܪܝܳܐ ܐ ܳܠ ܳܗܐ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

The Epistle of Jeremiah

 

And the clouds, that were1 commanded by God that they should go, bring rain2 on the whole world: they go, they do everything3 that they are commanded.



Fire too, that is sent from above, to burn the mountains, the high hills, and the forests, does as it has been commanded:4 but these are not comparable, neither in strength nor in deeds, to one of these works.



Therefore, how can they be called, how can it be believed of them, that they are gods: for see! they cannot judge a lawsuit, they cannot do good, they cannot do evil, to mankind.



Know, then, that they are not gods: do not fear them!



For they cannot bless a king — nor curse.



They do not display signs to the nations in the heavens, nor will their light rise5 like the sun, nor will they give light like the moon.



The beasts of the field6 are better than them, for these are able to flee, to save their lives.7



For there is nothing that we see8 (to indicate) that they are gods: therefore do not fear them!



For like a booth9 in a cucumber garden that guards nothing, so are they; truly there is nothing of value to us10 in their gods of wood, of silver, and of gold.

1

‘that were’: lit. ‘when they were’.

2

‘they should … bring rain’: see Introduction. Addendum 1.

3

‘do everything’: lit. ‘complete all’.

4

‘as it has been commanded’: lit. ‘everything which is commanded to it’.

5

‘their light rise’: lit. ‘will they make their light rise’.

6

‘the field’: see Introduction. Addendum 1.

7

‘lives’ or ‘soul’.

8

‘that we see’: lit. ‘seen by us’.

9

‘booth’: see Introduction. Addendum 1.

10

‘there is nothing of value to us’: lit. ‘not in them is our advantage’.



‫ܐܓܪܬܐ̈ܕܐܪܡܝܐ ̈‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ܽܪܐ ܰܥܽܽܠ ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܽܗܐ ܬܕܢ ܳ ̈ܐܙܠܽܽܢ ܘܢܰ ̈ܝܝܳܽܽܢ ݂ܶܡܛܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܥܢ ̈ܢ݂ܶܽܽܐ ܳܡܽܽܐ ܬܕ݂ܶ ܬܐܬܦ ݂ܶܩܽ ܬ ̈ܽܕܝ ݂ܶܡܽܽܢ ܰܐ ܳܠ ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܣܐ ܰܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܟܽܽܗ‬ ‫ܬ ܬ ݂ܶܒܝܠ‪ܳ :‬ܐ ܳܙ ̈ܠܢ ܰܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܫ ̈ܠܽ ܳܡܢ ݂ܶܡ ݂ܶܕܡ ܕ ݂ܶܡ ܬܬ ܰܦ ̈ܩ ܳܕܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ݂ܶ ܽ ݂ܶ ܳ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽܬܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܥ ܬ ݂̈ܶܒܽܐ‪ܳ :‬ܥ ܬܒ ܳܽܕܐ ݂ܶܡ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܽܕܡ‬ ‫ܣܒ ܳܘ ܬܐܦ ܽܢܘܪ ܐ ܬܕ ݂ܶܡܫܬܕܪ ܐ ݂ܶܡܢ ܠ ܳܥ݂ܶܠ ܕ ܬܬܘܩ ܬܕ ܳܛܘܪ ܳܐ ܘܪܡ ܬ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽܘܬܐ‪ :‬ܐ ܬܦܽ ܳܶܠ ܬܒ ܰܚܝ ܳܽܶܠ‪ܳ :‬ܘܠ ܬ ܰܒ ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܥܒ ܬ ܳܽܕܐ ܬ ܳܕ ݂ܶܡܝܽܢ‬ ‫ܕ݂ܶ ܬܐܬܦ ݂ܶܩ ܬܕ ܳܠ ܗ‪ܳ .‬ܗ ݂ܶܠܝܢ ܕ݂ܶܝܽܢ ܐ ܬܦܽܶܠ ܬ ܰܒ ܬܕ ܽܡ ܬ‬ ‫ܠ ܰܚ ܬܕ ݂ܶܡܢ ܳܗ ݂ܶܠܝܢ ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܥܒ ܬ ݂̈ܶܕܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܽ ܰ ܳ ݂̈ܶ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܣܓ ݂ܶܡ ܽܛܽܽܠ ܳܗ ܳܢ ܰܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܽܗܐ ܐ ܽܢܽܽܘܢ‪ :‬ܕ ܳܗܐ ܠ‬ ‫ܝܟ ܳܢܽܽܐ ܢ ݂ܶ ܬܬܩܽ ܽܽܪܘܢ ܐܘ ܢ݂ܶܣܒܽ ܽܽܪܘܢ ܥܠܝܽܽܗܘܢ ܕܐܽ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݂ܶܡܫܟܚܝܢ ܳܐ ܬܦ ܳܶܠ ܬܕ ܳܝܢܐ ܬ ܰܕ ܬ ܽܢܕ ܽܘܢܘܢ‪ܳ :‬ܘܠ ܬܕܢܰܛ݂ܶ ܬ ܽ‬ ‫ܐܒܘܢ ܳܘܠ ܬܕܢܰ ܬ ݂ܶܒ ܽ‬ ‫ܐܫܘܢ ܰܠ ܬܒ ̈ܢܝ ܐܢܳ ܳܫܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܗܘܘ ܰܐ ܳܠ ݂̈ܶܗܐ‪ܳ .‬ܘܠ ܬ ݂ܶܕ ܽ‬ ‫ܣܕ ܰܕܥܘ ܳܗ ܬܟܝܠ ܕ ܳܠ ܰ‬ ‫ܚܠܘܢ ܠ ܽܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܬܬ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܢܒ ܬ ܽ‬ ‫ܪܟܘܢ ܠ ܰܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܣܗ ܳܠ ݂ܶܓܝܪ ܰܕ ܬ ܰ‬ ‫ܠܽܟܐ ݂ܶܡܫܟܚܝܢ‪ :‬ܘܠ ܬ ܰܕ ܽܢܠܘܛܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܣܘ ܳܘ ܬܐܬ ܳ ̈ܘ ܬܬܐ ܠ ܰܥ ̈ܡ ݂ܶܡܐ ܬ ܰܒ ܰ‬ ‫ܫܡ ܳܝܐ ܠ ܢ ܰܚ ܽܘܘܢ‪ܳ .‬ܘ ܬܐܦܶܠ ܐܝܽ ܬ ܫ݂ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܽܘܗܪܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܡܫܽܐ ܢܰ ܬܕܢ ܽܚܽܘܢ ܽܢ‬ ‫ܳܘܠ ܰܡܢܗܪܝܢ ܰܐܝ ܰܣ ܳ‬ ‫ܗܪ ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܢܫܽ ̈‬ ‫ܽܗܘܢ‪ .‬ܕ ܳܗ ݂ܶܠܝܽܽܢ ݂ܶܡ ̈ܫܟ ܳܚܽܽܢ ܕܢ ݂ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܽܝ ܳܪܢ ܐܢ݂ܶܝܽܽܢ ݂ܶܡܢܽ ܽ‬ ‫ܣܙ ܰܚ ̈ܝܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܥܪܩܽܽܢ ܰܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܽܘ ܬܬܳܐ ܬܕ ܬ ܰܒ ܽ ܳܪܐ ܡܽ ܰ‬ ‫ܽܘ ܬ ܳܙܒܢ‬ ‫ܢܰ ܬܦ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܫܗܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܣܚ ݂ܶܡ ݂ܶܕܡ ܕ݂ܶܝܢ ܳܠ ݂ܶܡ ܬܬܚܙ ݂ܶܐ ܰܠܢ ܰܕܐ ܳ ݂̈ܶܗܐ ܐ ݂ܶ ܽܢܘܢ‪݂ܶ .‬ܡ ܽܛܠ ܳܗ ܳܢ ܳܠ ܬ ݂ܶܕ ܽ‬ ‫ܚܠܘܢ ݂ܶܡ ܽ‬ ‫ܢܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܬܬ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܩܛܝܐ ܬܕ ݂ܶܡ ݂ܶܕܡ ܳܠ ܢܳ ܰܛܪ‪ܳ :‬ܗ ܬ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܐ ݂ܶ ܽܢܘܢ‪ܳ :‬ܐ ܬܦ ܐ ܳܠ ܰܗܝ ̈ ܽܗܘܢ ܕ ܰܩ ܳ‬ ‫ܤܛ ܰܐܝ ܬ ܰܥ ܳܪܙ ܳܠ ܬ ݂ܶܓܝܪ ܕ ܰܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܣܐ‬ ‫ܰܘܕ ݂ܶܟ ܳ‬ ‫ܣܦܐ ܰܘ ܬܕ ܰܕ ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܗܒܐ‪ܰ .‬ܠܝ ܒ ܽܗܘܢ ܝܽ ܬܘܬ ܳܪܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܬܬ‬

‫‪‬‬

The Epistle of Jeremiah

 

They do not fly like ravens in the air, between heaven and earth; for see! when fire falls on the temple of the gods, their priests flee, they go outside to save1 their live(s), but they will burn2 like the beams in the midst (of the fire).



For they do not stand before a king, or before3 a warrior.



How then can it be known, or can it be believed, that they are gods? For see! they save themselves4 neither from robbers nor from thieves, the gods of wood, of silver, of gold.



For see! those who are strong, warlike, carry off gold, silver, clothing that was theirs,5 and make off6 (with it): not one of them can help himself.7



For better than them is the king who displays greatness, the useful domestic utensil that serves8 its owner, better than the gods of falsehood; better is the gate that guards its owner, better than the gods of falsehood.



For the sun, the moon, and the stars are those who give light in the heavens above the earth; they are sent (to see) to their affairs, and they are obedient.



The lightning too, when it flashes, is very glorious;9 so too is the wind which blows throughout the land.10

1

‘to save’: part.

2

‘but they will burn’: lit. ‘for they will burn’.

3

‘before … before’: two different Syriac prepositions.

4

‘themselves’: lit. ‘their soul(s)’.

5

‘theirs’: lit. ‘upon them’.

6

‘make off’: lit. ‘go’.

7

‘not one of them can help himself’: lit. ‘each of them is not able to save his soul’.

‘useful domestic utensil that serves’: lit. ‘the vessel which use is in it in the house which is used by’. 8

9

‘very glorious’: see Introduction. Addendum 1.

10

‘throughout the land’: lit. ‘in every neighborhood’.



‫ܐܓܪܬܐ̈ܕܐܪܡܝܐ ̈‬ ‫‪ ‬ܢܕ‬

‫‪ ‬ܢܗ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܢܘ‬

‫‪ ‬ܢܙ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܢ ܚ‬

‫‪ ‬ܢܛ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܣ‬

‫ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ ܳܦܪܚܝܢ ܳܒ ܰܐܐܪ‪ܳ .‬ܗܐ ݂ܶܓܝܽܪ ܳܡܽܐ ܕܢ݂ܶܦ ܰܠܽܬ ܽܢ ܳ‬ ‫ܽܘܪ ܐ‬ ‫ܝ‬ ‫ܫܡ ܳܝܐ ܠ ܳ ܬ‬ ‫ܬ ܬ ܬ‬ ‫ܘܠ ܐܝ ܬ ܢܰ ̈ܥ ܬ ݂ܶܒܐ ܬ ݂ܶܒ ܬ‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܐ ܰܕܐ ܳ ݂̈ܶܗܐ‪ܽ :‬ܟ ܰ‬ ‫ܽܘܙܒܝܢ ܢܰ ܬܦ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܡܪ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ ܳܥܪܩܝܽܢ ܢܳ ܬܦܩܝܽܢ ܠ ܬ ܰܒܽܪ‪ܰ .‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܫܽܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܬܒ ܬܒ‬ ‫ܡܫ ܬ‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܪܝܐ ܬܒ ܰ‬ ‫ܥܬܐ ܝܳܩܕܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫݂ܶܗ ܽܢܘܢ ܕ݂ܶܝܢ ܐܝ ܬ ܩ ܳ ܬ‬ ‫ܡܨ ܬ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܩܒܠ ܰܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܬ ܳܢ ܳܠ ܽܢܩ ܽ‬ ‫ܽܠ ܬ ܰ‬ ‫ܠܽܟܐ ܬܕ݂ܶܝܢ ܰܐܘ ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܩܕܡ ܩܪ ܬܒ ܬ‬ ‫ܳ ݂ܶ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܟ ܳܢܐ ܳܗ ܬܟܝܠ ܢ ݂ܶ ܬܬܝ ܰ ܬܕ ܽܥܘܢ ܰܐܘ ܢ ݂ܶ ܬܬ ܰܗ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܡܢܘܢ ܰܕܐ ̈ܗܐ ܐ ܽܢܘܢ‪ .‬ܕ ܳܗܐ ܐ ܬܦܽܶܠ ݂ܶܡܽܢ ܰܓ ̈ܢ ܬ ݂ܶܒܽܐ‬ ‫ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ݂̈ܶ‬ ‫݂ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܣܽܐ ܰܘܕ ݂ܶܟ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܙܒܽܘܢ ܢܰ ܬܦ ܽ‬ ‫ܢܫ ܬ ܽ‬ ‫ܣܛ ݂̈ܶܝܽܐ ܡܨ݂ܶܝܽܢ ܰܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܣܦܽܐ‬ ‫ܫܽܗܘܢ‪ :‬ܐܠ‬ ‫ܐ ܬܦܶܠ ݂ܶܡܽܢ ܠ‬ ‫ܽܗܐ ܬܕ ܰܩ ܳ ܬ ܬ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܬܕ ܰܕ ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܗܒܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܘܟ ܳ‬ ‫ܕ ܳܗܐ ܰܐ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܗܒܽܽܐ ܬ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܝܠܽܬܢܝܽܽܢ‪ܳ :‬ܫܩܠܝܽܽܢ ܰܕ ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܣܦܽܽܐ ܰܘܠ ܬ ܽܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܠܝܽܽܢ ܕ ܰܥܫܝܢܝܽܽܢ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܫܽܽܐ‬ ‫ܘܚ ܬ‬ ‫ܬ ܰܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܫܟܚ ܰ‬ ‫ܢܗܘܢ ܳܠ ݂ܶܡ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ ܳܘܐܙܠܝܢ‪ .‬ܘܐܢܳܫ ݂ܶܡ ܽ‬ ‫ܥܠ ܽ‬ ‫ܡܥ ܰܕܪ ܢܰ ܬܦܫ݂ܶܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܰ‬ ‫ܢܗܘܢ ܰܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܡܝܪ ܽܗܘ ܬܕ݂ܶܝܢ ݂ܶܡ ܽ‬ ‫ܽܘܐ ܰܓܢ ܳܒܽ ܽܪ ܬܘܬܳܐ‪ܳ .‬‬ ‫ܡܚ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܘܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܽܐܢ ܬܕ ܽܚ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܽܟܽܐ ܰܐ ܳܝܢܽܐ ܬ ܰܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܫ ܳܚܽܐ‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݂ܶ ܰ ܳ ݂̈ܶ ܰ ܳ ܽ ܳ ܰ ܰ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܽܝܪ‬ ‫ܽܘܬܐ‪ .‬ܘ‬ ‫ܬܕ ܬ‬ ‫ܐܝ ܰ ܒ ܬ ܰܒܝܐ ܬܕ ݂ܶܡ ܬܬ ܰܚ ܰܫܚ ݂ܶܒܗ ܳܡܪ݂ܶܗ‪ܰ ܰ :‬ܝܝܪ ܡܢ ܐܠ ܳܽܗܐ ܬ ܬܕܕ ܓܠ ܬ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܽܗܘ ܬܬܪܥܐ ܬܕܢܛܪ ܠ ܡܪܗ‪ :‬ܝܝܪ ܡܢ ܐܠ ܗܐ ܬ ܬܕܕ ܳܓܠ ܬܘܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ ݂ܶ ܰ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܘܣ ܳ‬ ‫ ܠ ܳ‬ ‫ܽܽܗܪ ܐ ܬ ܰ‬ ‫ܝ ܽ‬ ‫ܡܫܽܽܐ ܬܕ݂ܶܝܽܽܢ ܰ‬ ‫ܫ݂ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥܽܽܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܝܽܽܗܘܢ ܰܡܢܽܽܗܪ ܢ ܬܒܫܡܝܽܽܐ ܥ‬ ‫ܘܟ ̈ܘܟ ܬ ݂ܶܒܽܽܐ‪ :‬ܐ ܬ‬ ‫݂ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܘܡܫܬܕܪܝܢ ܠ ܨ݂ܶ ܬ ̈ܒ ܳܘ ܬܬ ܽܗܘܢ ܘܡܫܬܡܥܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܽ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܽ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܟܗ ܽܟ ܳ‬ ‫ܳܐ ܬܦ ܰܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪ ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܪܩܐ ܳܡܐ ܬ ܰܕ ܬܐܒܪ݂ܶܩ‪ :‬ܬܗܕܝܪ ܽܗܘ ܛ ܬܒ‪ .‬ܗ ܬܟܢܐ ܐ ܬܦ ܪܘܚܐ ܬܕܢܫܒܐ ܬܒ ܬ‬

‫‪‬‬

The Epistle of Jeremiah

 

For everything that is done for them is vanity: how then can they bear witness that they are gods, or how may they be called gods?



For they were made by the hands of the carpenter and the smith, their craftsmen1 make them as they wish.



Those too, their craftsmen, do not live a long time.



How then is it possible that those whom they made may be gods? — for they have left falsehood and reproach to those yet to be born.2



For when war and evil come upon them, their priests take counsel among themselves to save their lives,3 (to see) how they can hide among them.



How then is it not right to know that they were not gods, but the work of the hands of man, and cannot save their lives in battle, nor from evil.



For they are made of wood, of silver, of gold; later all nations will understand that they are false;4 by a king it will be clearly seen that they were not gods, but the work of human hands, there is in them nothing of the work of God.



See! This is known to every man: that they are not gods.



For they cannot establish a king over a land, they cannot do evil, or redeem, they cannot give rain to mankind.



For they do not judge even their own5 lawsuit; nor will they save the oppressed from him who is stronger than he is6 — for they cannot.

1

‘their craftsmen’: lit. ‘but their craftsmen’.

2

‘yet to be born’: lit. ‘are brought forth’.

3

‘to save their lives’: lit. ‘for their soul(s)’.

‘all nations will understand that they are false’: lit. ‘they will be known by all nations that they are false’. 4

5

‘their own’: lit. ‘of their soul’.

‘save the oppressed from him who is stronger than he is’: see Introduction. Addendum 1. 6



‫ܐܓܪܬܐ̈ܕܐܪܡܝܐ ̈‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܽܗܘܢ ܣܪܝܽܩ ܽܗܘ‪ܰ .‬ܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܥܒܽ ܬܕ ܠ ܽ‬ ‫ܡܕ ܽܟܠ ݂ܶܡ ݂ܶܕܡ ܕ݂ܶܝܢ ܕ ݂ܶܡ ܬܬ ܬ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܝܟ ܳܢܽܐ ܳܗ ܬܟܝܽܠ ܢ ݂ܶ ܬ ܽ‬ ‫ܣܽܗܕܘܢ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ݂̈ܶ ݂ܶ ܽ ܰ ܰ ܰ ܳ ݂ܶ ܽ ܰ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܥܠ ܽ‬ ‫ܩܪܘܢ ܐ ܳܠ ̈ܗܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ‪ :‬ܕܐܗܐ ܐܢܘܢ‪ .‬ܐܘ ܐܝܟܢܐ ܢ ܬܬ‬ ‫ܡܗ ܕ ܬܒܐܝ ̈ ܬ ܰܕܝ ܢܰ ܳܓ ܳܪܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܥܒ ܬܕܘ‪݂ܶ .‬ܐ ܳܠ ܰܐܝ ܬ ܕ ܳܨ ܬ ݂ܶܒܝܢ ܽܐ ̈ܘ ܳܡ ܰܢ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܩ ܳܝܢ ܳܝܐ ܐ ݂ܶ ܬܬ ܬ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ ܳܥ ܬܒܕܝܢ ܠ ܽܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ ܳܠ ܬ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܘ ܳܐ ܬܦ ܳܗ ܽܢܘܢ ܕ݂ܶܝܢ ܽܐ ̈ܘ ܳܡ ܰܢ ܽ‬ ‫ܡܟܪܝܢ ܰܙ ܬܒ ܳܢܐ ܰܣܓ ܳܝܐܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܡܙ ܰܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܥܒ ܬܕܘ ܢ ݂ܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܗܘܘܢ ܰܐ ܳܠ ݂̈ܶܗܐ‪ .‬ܬ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܟ ܳܢܐ ܳܗ ܬܟܝܠ ݂ܶܡܫܟ ܳܚܐ ܬܕ ܳܗ ܽܢܘܢ ܰܕ ܬ ܰ‬ ‫ܫܒܩܘ ݂ܶܓܝܪ ܰܕ ܳܓ ܽܠ ܬܘܬܐ‬ ‫ܣܕܐ ܰܠ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܘܚ݂ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܠܝܢ ܕ ݂ܶܡ ܬܬܝܰܠܽܕܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܝܫܽܬܐ‪݂ܶ :‬ܡܬ ܰܪܥ݂ܶܝܽܢ ܽܟܽ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܚ ܳܡܐ ݂ܶܓܝܪ ܕܢ ܬܐܬ ݂ܶܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ ܰܒ ܰܝܢ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܡܪ ܽ‬ ‫ܥܠ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܽܗܘܢ‬ ‫ܩܪ ܬ ܳܒܐ ܬܘܒ‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܰ ܽ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܠ ܰܢ ܬܦܫܗܘܢ‪ :‬ܕ ܐܝܟܐ ܢܛܫܘܢ ܐܢܘܢ ܥܡܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݂ܶ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܰ ܳ ݂̈ܶ‬ ‫ܡܛ ܰܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܽܗܐ‪݂ܶ :‬ܐ ܳܠ ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܥܒ ܬܽܕ ܐܝ ̈ ܬ ܰܕܝܳܽܐ ܬܕܐܢܳ ܳܫܽܐ‪ .‬ܘܠ‬ ‫ܝܟ ܳܢܐ ܳܗ ܬܟܝܽܠ ܠ ܳܘܠ ܠ ܡܽܕܥ ܕܠ ܗܘܘ ܐܠ‬ ‫ܰ ܽ ݂ܶ ܳ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܩܪ ܬ ܳܒܐ‪ :‬ܐ ܬܦܶܠ ݂ܶܡܢ ܒܝܫܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܙܒܝܢ ܢ ܬܦܫܗܘܢ ܡܢ‬ ‫ܡܫ ܬ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܰ ݂ܶ ܳ ܰ ܰ ܳ ݂ܶ ܰ ܽ ܰ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܐ ܠ ܬ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫ܽܽܗܘܢ‬ ‫ܗܒܽܐ‪ :‬ܢ ܬܬܝ ܬܕܥܽܘܢ ܠܚܽܪ‬ ‫ܥܒ ̈ܝ ܬ ݂ܶܕܐ ܬ ݂ܶܓܝܽܪ ܕܩܝܣܽܐ ܬܘܕ ܬܟܣܦܽܐ ܘ ܬܕܕ ܬ‬ ‫ܢܢ ܬ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫݂ܶ ݂ܶ ܳ ܰ ܰ ܳ ݂̈ܶ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܝ ܢ ܬܬܚܽܙ ܐ‪ :‬ܕܠ ܗܘܘ ܐܠ ܽܗܐ‪.‬‬ ‫݂ܶ ܰܥܡܡܐ ܬ ܬܕܕ ܳܓܠ ܬܘܬܐ ܐܢܘܢ‪ .‬ܠ ܡܠܽܟܐ ܬܕܝܢ ܰܓܠܽܝܐ ܬ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܥܒ ܬܕ ܐܝ ̈ ܬ ܰܕܝܳܐ ܬ ܰܕ ܬܒ ܰܢ ̈ܝ ܳܢ ܳܫܐ‪݂ܶ .‬‬ ‫ܘܡ ݂ܶܕܡ ݂ܶܡܢ ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܐ ܳܠ ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܥܒ ܬ ݂̈ܶܕܐ ܬ ܰܕܐ ܳܗܐ ܰܠܝ ܒ ܽܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܢ ܳܗܐ ܠ ܬ ܽܟܠ ܐܢܳܫ ܝ ܬܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܥܐ ܗܝ ܳ ܬܗܕ݂ܶܐ‪ :‬ܕܠ ܗ ܰܘܘ ܐ ܳܠ ̈ܗܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܐܫܘܢ ܘܢ ݂ܶ ܬܦ ܽ‬ ‫ܠܽܟܐ ܰܥܠ ܰܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܢܒ ݂ܶܡ ܽܛܠ ܕ ܰܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ ܳܠ ܢܩ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܡܘܢ‪ܳ .‬ܘܠ ܬܕܢܰ ܬ ݂ܶܒ ܽ‬ ‫ܪܩܽܘܢ ݂ܶܡܫܟܚܝܽܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡ ܳ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܛܪܐ ܰܠ ܬ ̈ܒ ܰܢܝ ܐܢܳ ܳܫܐ ܠ ܢ݂ܶܬ ܽܠܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܝܡܐ ܢ݂ܶܫܟ ܽܚܽܘܢ ܰܠ ܬ ܰ‬ ‫ܢܓ ܕ ܳܝܢܐ ܬܕ݂ܶܝܢ ܳܠ ܬ ܽܢܕ ܽܘܢܘܢ ܳܐ ܬܦ ܳܶܠ ܬܕܢܰ ܬܦ ܽ‬ ‫ܫܗܘܢ‪ܳ .‬ܐ ܬܦ ܳܶܠ ܰܠܛܠ ܳ‬ ‫ܡܦ ܳܨܝܽܽܘ ݂ܶܡܽܢ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰܡܢ ܕ ܰܥܫܝܢ ݂ܶܡܢ݂ܶܗ‪݂ܶ :‬ܡܛܠ ܕܠ ݂ܶܡܫܟܚܝܢ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

The Epistle of Jeremiah

 

They will not save men from death, nor deliver the weak from the strong.



They cannot give sight to the blind man, they cannot deliver1 the poor man from want.



They cannot show mercy to widows, nor do good to orphans, nor provide for the poor.



The gods of wood, of silver, of gold are like stones that they dig 2 from the mountain; indeed those who minister to them will be ashamed, for they know that they are useless,3 that they lead men astray.



How can it be understood4 that they are gods?



See! Even the Chaldeans despise them, for when they see a man who is dumb, who cannot speak, they bring him to the front of the gate,5 they pray that he may speak, that he may shout out, as one who is able to do so.6



Nor do they know how to abandon7 them, though they have no understanding.



But women adorn (themselves) with cords, and sit on the pathways, and set out fragrant8 fruits.9



But when one of them is drawn aside by a man passing by, 10 that she may lie with him, she scorns her companions and says: I do not consider you my equal,11 nor was your12 cord broken. 1

‘deliver’: lit. ‘bring out’.

2

‘dig’: lit. ‘cast/ejected’.

3

‘they are useless’: lit. ‘there is no usefulness in them’.

4

‘can it be understood’ or ‘shall they be known’

5

‘front of the gate’: see Introduction. Addendum 1.

6

‘is able to do so’: lit. ‘who is able to know’.

‘do they know how to abandon’: lit. ‘are they able that they may know to abandon/leave’. 7

8

‘fragrant’: lit. ‘incense’. Plural.

9

‘fruits’: see Introduction. Addendum 1.

10

‘passing by’: lit. ‘from the passers-by’.

11

‘consider you my equal’: lit. ‘deem you worthy as me’.

12

‘your’: lit. ‘her’.



‫ܐܓܪܬܐ̈ܕܐܪܡܝܐ ̈‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ܪܩܘܢ‪ܳ .‬ܘܠ ܰܠ ܬܒܨ ܳܝܪܐ ݂ܶܡܢ ܰܥܫ ܳܝܢܐ ܬ ܰ‬ ‫ܠܗ ܠ ܬ ܰܒܪ ܐܢܳ ܳܫܐ ݂ܶܡܢ ܰܡܘܬܳܐ ܳܠ ܢ ݂ܶ ܬܦ ܽ‬ ‫ܢܦ ܽܨܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫݂ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܬܠ ݂ܶܠܗ ܳ‬ ‫ܚܙ ܬܬܳܐ‪ܰ .‬ܘܠ ܬ ܳܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܫܽܐ ݂ܶܡܽܢ ܐܢܰܢܩܽܐ‬ ‫ܡܝܐ ܠ ݂ܶܡܫܟܚܝܢ ܠ ܡ‬ ‫ܠܘ ܘܠ ܬܓ ܬܒܪܐ ܣ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܠ ܢܰܦ ܽܩܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܰ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܽܽܬܐ ܳܠ ܰ‬ ‫ܝ ̈ܡܽܽܐ ܰܡܛ ܬܐܒܝܽܽܢ‪ .‬ܘܠ ܠ ݂ܶܡ ̈ܣܟܢ݂ܶܽܽܐ‬ ‫ܡܪܚܡܝܽܽܢ‪ .‬ܘܠ ܠ ܬ‬ ‫ܠܙ ܰܥܽܽܠ ܐܪܡܠܽ ܬ‬ ‫ܬܰ‬ ‫ܡܦܪܢܣܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ݂̈ܶ‬ ‫ܠܚ ܠ ܟܐ ݂̈ܶܦܽܽܐ ܕ ܰܫ ̈ܕܝܳܽܽܢ ܒ ܽܛ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܣܽܽܐ ܰ ܬܘܕܣ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡܽܽܐ ܰܘܕܬ ܰܕ ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܽܽܗܐ ܬܕ ܰܩ ܳ‬ ‫ܗܒܽܽܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܽܽܘܪ ܐ ܬ ܳܕ ݂ܶܡܝܽܽܢ ܐܠ‬ ‫ܰ ܬ ̈ ܬ ܳ ܰ ܽ ܬ ܬ ݂ܶ ݂ܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܗܬܘܢ‪ :‬ܕܝ ܬܕܥܝܢ ܕܚܫܚܘ ܠܝ ܒܽܗܘܢ‪ .‬ܘܡܛܥܝܽܢ ܒܽܗܘܢ‬ ‫ܡܫܡܫܢܝܗܘܢ ܕܝܢ ܢ ܬܒ ܬ‬ ‫ܰܠ ܬܒ ܰܢ ̈ܝ ܳܢ ܳܫܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ ݂ܶ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܠܛ ܰܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܟ ܳܢܐ ܢ ݂ܶ ܬܬܝ ܰ ܬܕ ܽܥܘܢ ܰܕܐ ̈ܗܐ ܐ ܽܢܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܚܙܘ ܦ ܳܐܩܐ ܬܕ ܳܠ ݂ܶܡ ܰ‬ ‫ܡ ܕ ܳܗܐ ܳܐ ܬܦ ܰܟܽ ܬ ܳܕ ܝ݂̈ܶܐ ܳܫܝܛܝܢ ܠ ܽܗܘܢ‪ .‬ܕ ܳܡܐ ܬ ܰܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܡ ܳܺܠܽܘ‪:‬‬ ‫ܫܟܽܚ ܠ‬ ‫ܡܩ ܬܪܒܝܢ ݂ܶܠܗ ܠ ܳܘ ܬܬ ܰܐ ܰܦܽ ̈ܝ ܰܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܒܥ݂ܶܝܽܢ ܰܕ ܰܢܡܽ ݂ܶ ‪ :‬ܘܢ݂ܶܩܽܪ݂ܶܐ ܰܐܝܽ ܬ ܕ ݂ܶܡ ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܪܥܽܐ‪ .‬ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܫܟܽܚ‬ ‫ܠ ݂ܶܡ ܰܕܥ‪.‬‬ ‫݂ܶ ܰ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܽ ܳܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܘܟܶܠ ܬ ݂ܶܓܝܪ ܰܠܝ ܒ ܽܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܫܒܩ ܐ ܽܢܘܢ‪ .‬ܣ‬ ‫ܡܐ ܘܠ ݂ܶܡܫܟܚܝܢ ܳܗ ܽܢܘܢ ܕܢ݂ܶܕ ܽܥܘܢ ܠ ܡ‬ ‫ܰ ̈ ܳ ܰ ̈ ݂ܶ ܳ ܳ ̈ ܽ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܬܐ‪ܳ .‬‬ ‫ܘܣ ̈ܝ ܳܡܢ ݂ܶܒ ̈ܣ ݂ܶܡܐ ܬܦܐܪ ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܡܒ ܢ ݂ܶ ̈ܫܐ ܬܕ݂ܶܝܢ ܡܨܒ ܬܬܢ ܒܚ ܬܒܶܠ ܬ‬ ‫ܘܝܒܢ ܒܐܘܪܚ ܬ‬ ‫ܳ ݂ܶ ݂ܶ ܰ ܰ ܳ ݂ܶ ݂ܶ ݂ܶ ܳ ݂ܶ ܳ ܽ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܘܪ ܐ ܬܕ ܬܬ ݂ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܚ ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܫܟ ܬܒ ܰܥ ݂ܶܡܗ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܣܽܕܐ‬ ‫ܚܕܐ ܡܢܗܝܢ ܡܢ ܐܢܫ ܡܢ ܥ ܬܒ‬ ‫ܡܓ ܡܐ ܕܝܢ ܕ ܐܬ ܢܓܕܬ ܬ‬ ‫ܳ ܳ ܰ ܳ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܰ ܬ ܰ ܳ ܬ ܳ ܬ ܳ ܬ ܳ ܰ ݂ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܚܒ ܬܪܬܗ ܘܐܡܪܐ‪ .‬ܕܠ ܐܫܘܝ ܬܟܝ ܐ ܬܟܘ ܬܬܝ‪ .‬ܐ ܬܦܶܠ ܚ ܬܒܠܽܗ ܐ ܬܬܦܣܩ‪.‬‬ ‫ܠ ܬ‬

‫‪‬‬

The Epistle of Jeremiah

 

They are carried upon the shoulder,1 for they do not walk, displaying2 their shame to men; their servants too will be ashamed.



For if they fall to the ground they cannot get up; unless a man sets them up, they do not move; even if they are bent (over), they cannot stand upright — yet, as (for) the dead, they set out foods3 for them.



For their priests eat of their sacrifices, which are brought to them, their wives seize greedily4 on them, they give nothing from their sacrifices to the poor and destitute.



And a menstruating woman, in her vitality, in her uncleanness, may touch them: so shall you know, by these things, that they are not gods. Do not fear them!



Indeed, why should they be called gods — for see! Women equip5 them, the gods of gold, of silver, of wood,



Priests (with) their clothes torn, their heads shaven, their beards shorn, tonsured, bare-headed, set them6 in their dwelling places,



They roar, they cry out, before their gods, as do men at a wake.7



The priests take their clothes, they dress their wives and their children.



Whether a man treats them badly or well, they cannot save him; nor can they establish a king, nor make8 one.



So, they cannot give wealth or silver to men; 9 and if a man makes a vow to them but does not fulfill it, they do not enforce it.10

1

‘shoulder’: plural.

2

‘displaying’: lit. ‘making known’.

3

‘foods’: see Introduction. Addendum 1.

4

‘seize greedily’: see Introduction. Addendum 1.

5

‘equip’ or ‘fashion, furnish’.

‘Priests … set them in their dwelling places’: lit. ‘In their dwelling places priests make them dwell’. See Introduction. Addendum 1. 6

7

‘wake’: lit. ‘a feast of the dead’.

8

‘make’: see Introduction. Addendum 2.

9

‘men’: singular.

10

‘enforce’: lit. ‘seek it’.



‫ܐܓܪܬܐ̈ܕܐܪܡܝܐ ̈‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ܳ ̈ ܳ ݂ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܚ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܫܬܩܠܝܽܢ‪݂ܶ .‬ܡ ܽܛܽܠ ܕ ܳܠ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܗܠ ܬܟܝܽܢ‪ܰ .‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܽܘܝܢ ݂ܶܒܽܗܬ ܬܬ ܽܗܘܢ‬ ‫ܟܦܽ ܬܬܐ ܡ‬ ‫ܟܗ ܥܠ ܬ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܗܬܘܢ ܕ݂ܶܝܢ ܐ ܬܦ ܡ ܰܫܡ ܳܫ ܰܢ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰܠ ܬܒ ̈ܢܝ ܐܢܳ ܳܫܐ‪ .‬ܢ ݂ܶ ܬܒ ܬ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܳ ܳ ݂ܶ‬ ‫݂ܶ ݂ܶ ܽ ܰ ܰ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܽܘܦ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ‪ :‬ܠ ݂ܶܡܫܟܚܝܢ ܠ‬ ‫ܟܘ ݂ܶܡܛܠ ܕ ܐܢ ܢܦܠܘܢ ܥܠ ܐ‬ ‫ܡܩܡ‪ .‬ܐ ܬܦܽܶܠ ܐ ݂ܶܢ ܐܢܳܽܫ ܢ ݂ܶ ܽܙܩ ܬ‬ ‫ܳ ܳ ݂ܶ ݂ܶ ݂ܶ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܰܳ ܳ ܰ‬ ‫̈ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܛܽܶܠ‪݂ܶ :‬ܡ ܰ‬ ‫ܽܝܐ‬ ‫ܐ ܽܢܘܢ‪ :‬ܢ݂ܶܬܬܙ ܽܝܥܽܘܢ‪ .‬ܐ ܬܦܽܶܠ ܐܢ ܡܨ‬ ‫ܫܟܽܚ ܠ ݂ܶܡܽܬܬܪ ܽܨܘ‪ .‬ܐܠ ܐܝܽ ܬ ܡ ܬ‬ ‫݂ܶ ̈ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܟܽ ܬܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳܣܝܡܝܢ ܠ ܽܗܘܢ ܡ ܬ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܡܩܪܒܝܢ ܠ ܽܗܘܢ‪ܽ :‬ܟ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ ܳܐ ܬܟܝܢ ܠ ݂ܶܗܝܢ‪ .‬ܘܢ ݂ܶ ܰܫ ̈ܝ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܡܪ ܽ‬ ‫ܽܗܘܢ‬ ‫ܟܙ ݂ܶܡܢ ܕ݂ܶ ܬܒ ̈ܚ ܬܬ ܽܗܘܢ ܕ݂ܶܝܢ ܰܕ ܰ ܬ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܢܗܝܢ‪݂ܶ .‬‬ ‫݂ܶܡ ܬܬ ܰܠ ̈ܥ ܬ ܳܒܢ ݂ܶܡ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܘܡ ݂ܶܕܡ ܠ ݂ܶܡ ̈ܣܟܢ݂ܶܐ ܰܘܠ ܬ ܳܒ ̈ܝܫ݂ܶܐ ܠ ܝܳܗܒܝܢ ݂ܶܡܢ ܕ݂ܶ ܬܒ ܰܚ ̈ܝ ܽܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܟܚ ܰܘܐܢܬܬܳܐ ܒ ݂ܶܟܦ ܳܣܗ ܰܘܒ ܰܚ ܽܝܘܬܳܗ ܰܘܒ ܰܛ ܽ‬ ‫ܢܦ ܬܘܬܳܗ ݂ܶܡ ܬܬ ܰܩ ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܒܐ ܠ ܽܗܘܢ‪ .‬ܬܕ ܽܥܘܢ ܕ݂ܶܝܢ ݂ܶܡܢ‬ ‫ܬ ܬܬ‬ ‫ܬ ܬ ܬ‬ ‫ܳ ݂ܶ ܬ ܳ ܰ ܰ ܳ ݂̈ܶ ܳ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܗܠܝܢ ܕܠ ܗܘܘ ܐܠ ܗܐ‪ .‬ܘܠ ܬܬܬܕܚܠܘܢ ܠ ܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܽ ܰ ܳ ݂̈ܶ‬ ‫݂ܶ ܽ ܰ ܳ ݂̈ܶ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܟܛ ܰܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܽܗܐ ܬܕܬ ܰܕ ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܗܒܽܐ‬ ‫ܽܗܐ‪ :‬ܕ ܳܗܐ ܢ ݂ܶ ̈ܫܽܐ ܰܡ ܬܬ ̈ܩ ܳܢܽܢ ܠ ܽܗܘܢ ܠܠ‬ ‫ܝܟ ܳܢܐ ܬ ݂ܶܓܝܽܪ ܢ ܬܬܩܽܪܘܢ ܐܠ‬ ‫ܰܘܕ ݂ܶܟ ܳ‬ ‫ܣܦܐ ܰ ܬܘܕ ܰܩ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܣܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܬܬ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ ݂ܶ ܰ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܬܒ ܽܗܘܢ ܽܟ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܝܫ ܽ‬ ‫ܚܬܝ ̈ ܽ‬ ‫ܽܗܘܢ‪ :‬ܘܪ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܽܗܘܢ‬ ‫ܘܡܪ ܐ ܰܡܘܬ ܬܒܝܢ ܠ ܽܗܘܢ‪ܰ :‬ܟܽ ܬܕ ܡܨܪܝܽܢ ܢ‬ ‫ܠ ܰܘ ܬܒ ܰܡ ܬ‬ ‫ܝܫ ܽ‬ ‫ܓܙܝܙܝܢ‪ܰ :‬ܘܓܙܝܙܝܢ ܰܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܩܢ ̈ܝ ܽܗܘܢ ܰܘ ܬܓܪܝܥܝܢ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܬܓ ݂ܶܠܝܢ ܪ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫̈ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܠ ܘܢܳܗܡܝܢ ܰܒܩܥ ܬܬܐ ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܩܕܡ ܐܠ ܰܗܝ ̈ ܽܗܘܢ ܐܝ ܬ ܕܐܢܳܫ ̈ܝܢ ܰܥܠ ܳܫܪ ܬܘܬ ܡ ܬ‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ ܢܳܣܒܝܢ ܽܟ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܘܡܢ ܠ ܬ ܽܒ ̈ܘ ܰܫ ܽ‬ ‫ܠܒ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܘܡܪ ܐ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܘܡܠ ܒܫܝܢ ܢ ݂ܶ ܰܫ ̈ܝ ܽܗܘܢ ܰܘ ܬܒ ܰܢ ̈ܝ ܽܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ ܰ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܽܬܐ‪݂ܶ :‬ܡܫܟܚܝܽܢ ܕܢ ݂ܶ ܬܦ ܽ‬ ‫ܥܒܽ ܬܕ ܠ ܽ‬ ‫ܠܓ ܳܐ ܬܦ ܳܶܠ ܐ݂ܶܢ ܐܢܳܽܫ ܢ ݂ܶ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܪܥܽܘܢܳܝܗܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܽܗܘܢ ܒ‬ ‫ܝܫܽܬܐ ܐܘ ܛ ܬܒ ܬ‬ ‫ܰ ܽ ܰ‬ ‫ܳܐ ܬܦ ܳܶܠ ܰܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܡܘܢ ܐܘ ܕܢܰܥܒ ܬ ܽܕܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܠܽܟܐ ݂ܶܡܫܟܚܝܢ ܕܢܩ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܠܕ ܳܗ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܳܐ ܬܦ ܳܶܠ ܽܥܘܬ ܳܪ ܐ ܳܐ ܬܦ ܳܶܠ ݂ܶܟ ܳ‬ ‫ܣܦܽܐ ݂ܶܡܫܟܚܝܽܢ ܠ ݂ܶܡܽܬܠ ܠܢܳܽܫ‪݂ܶ .‬ܘܐܢ ܐܢܳܽܫ ܢܳ ܬ ܰܽܕܪ‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ ݂ܶ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܠ ܗܘܢ ܢ ܬܕܪ ܐ ܘܠ ܢ ܬܦܪܥܝܘܗܝ‪ :‬ܠ ܢ ܬܬܒܥܘܢܗ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

The Epistle of Jeremiah

 

Like a man found guilty by the king, so they tie1 their arms,2 like (those of a man) under sentence of death.3 Their priests reinforce4 their temples, closing them up with bolts and bars so that thieves cannot steal them.



They light many lamps — for those whose eyes do not see.



For they are like the beams of the temple, their heart(s) foolish, gone astray, corrupted5 by6 the vermin of the earth, they and their clothing are eaten up — and they know (it) not.



For their faces are darkened, blackened, by the soot which rises up from the temple upon them,7



And bats and swallows settle8 on their heads, together with ravens and weasels.9



By these things you shall know that they are not gods. Do not fear them!



For the gold with which they are plated, to make them beautiful10 — if a man does not rub off its rust it does not glitter — even when they are melted, they feel nothing.



For they were bought for a high price,11 (yet) there is no life12 in them.

1

‘tie’: lit. ‘confine’.

2

‘their arms’: see Introduction. Addendum 2.

3

‘sentence of death’: lit. ‘guilty of death’.

4

‘reinforce’: lit. ‘strengthen’.

5

‘corrupted’: see Introduction. Addendum 1.

6

‘by’: lit. ‘from the hand of’.

7

‘them’: lit. ‘their bodies’.

8

‘settle’: lit. ‘live’.

9

‘together with ravens and weasels’: lit. ‘ravens together and also weasels’.

‘with which they are plated, to make them beautiful’: lit. ‘which is plated upon them for beauty’. 10

11

‘high price’: plurals.

12

‘life’ or ‘spirit/breath’.



‫ܐܓܪܬܐ̈ܕܐܪܡܝܐ ̈‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܳܰ ܽ ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܝܙ ܰܘܐܝ ܬ ܐܢܳܫ ܕ ݂ܶܡ ܬܬ ܰܚ ܰܝ ܬܒ ݂ܶܡܢ ܰܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܡܚ ̈ܝ ݂ܶܒܽܐ‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ ܐܝܽ‬ ‫ܡܬܚܡܝܢ ܕܪܥ‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫ܠܽܟܐ‪ܳ :‬ܗ ܬ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܬ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܫܪܪܝܢ ܽܟܽ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ‪ܳ .‬ܘܐܚܕܝܽܢ ܒ ܽܣܽܘܟ ݂ܶܪ ܐ ܰܘ ܬܒ ܽܡ ̈‬ ‫ܘܡܪ ܽ‬ ‫ܬܝ ̈ ܽܗܘܢ ܰ‬ ‫ܽܘ ܬܟܶܠ‪ :‬ܕܠ‬ ‫ܠ ܡܘܬܐ‪ .‬ܒ‬ ‫݂ܶ ܽ ݂ܶ ܽ ݂ܶ ܳ ݂̈ܶ‬ ‫ܢ ܬܓ ܬܢܒܘܢ ܐܢܘܢ ܠܣܛܝܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܽ ܰ ݂ܶ ܰ ̈ ܰ ܽ ܳ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܝ ܚ ܰܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ ܠ ܳܚ ̈ܙ ܝܳܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܫܪ ܬ ݂ܶܓܐ ܰܣܓ ̈ܝܐܐ ܰܡܢܗܪܝܢ ܠ ܗܘܢ ܠܝܠܝܢ ܕܥܝܢ‬ ‫ܳ ݂ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܽ ݂ܶ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܳ ݂ܶ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܐ‪݂ܶ .‬‬ ‫ܘܛܥ݂ܶܽܐ‪݂ܶ .‬‬ ‫ܘܡ ܬܬ ܰܚܒܠܝܽܢ‬ ‫ܘܠ ܒ ܽܗܘܢ ܫܛܐ‬ ‫ܝܐ ܬܕܡܢ ܒ‬ ‫ܝܝܗܘܢ ܕܝܢ ܐܝ ܬ ܩܪ ܬ‬ ‫ܝܛ ܐ ܬ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡ ܬܬ ܬܐܟܝܢ ݂ܶܗ ܽܢܘܢ ܰܘܠ ܬ ܽܒ ܽ‬ ‫ܚܫܐ ܬ ܰܕ ܐܪܥܐ‪݂ܶ .‬‬ ‫݂ܶܡܢ ܝ ܰ ܬܕ ܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܫܗܘܢ‪ .‬ܘܠ ܝ ܳ ܬܕܥܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܘܫܡܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܚܪܢ ܐ ܰܦ ̈ܝ ܽܗܘܢ ܽܘ ̈ܐܘ ܳܟ ܳܡܢ ݂ܶܡܢ ܬ ܢܳ ܳܢܐ ܬܕ ܳܣ ݂ܶܠܩ ݂ܶܡܢ ܰܒܝܐ ܰܥܠ ܽܓ‬ ‫ܟ ܕܡܫ‬ ‫ܰ ܽ ݂ܶ ܰ ܽ ̈ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܽ ܳ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܟܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܫ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܥܠ ܪ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܐ‪ :‬ܘܢܰ ̈ܥ ܬ ݂ܶܒܐ ܰܐ ܬܟ ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡܪܪ ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܚܕܐ ܳܘ ܬܐܦ ܓ‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ ܳ ܬ‬ ‫ܝܒܝܢ ܦܪܚܕ ܬܘܕ ܐ ܘܣܢܘܢ ܬ‬ ‫݂ܶ ܳ ݂ܶ ݂ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܗܘܘ ܰܐ ܳܠ ݂̈ܶܗܐ‪ܳ .‬ܘܠ ܬ ݂ܶܕ ܽ‬ ‫ܫܬܘܕ ܽܥܘܢ ܕ ܳܠ ܰ‬ ‫ܚܠܘܢ ܠ ܽܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܟܒ ܘܡܢ ܗܠܝܢ ܬ‬ ‫ܬܬ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܗܒܐ ݂ܶܓܝܪ ܰܕܩܪܝܽܡ ܰ‬ ‫ܥܠ ܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽܘܦ ܳܪܐ‪ :‬ܐܢ ܽܗܘ ܬܕܐܢܳܽܫ ܠ ܢ݂ܶܡܪܩܝܽܘܗܝ ݂ܶܡܽܢ‬ ‫ܝܽܗܘܢ ܠ ܽܫ ܬ‬ ‫ܟܓ ܰܕ ܬ ݂ܶ ܬ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽܫܘܚܬܗ‪ :‬ܠ ܰܡ ܬܒܪ݂ܶܩ‪ .‬ܐ ܬܦܶܠ ܬ ܰܟ ܬܕ ݂ܶܡ ܬܬ ܰܦܫܪܝܢ ܗ ܰܘܘ ܰܡܪܓܫܝܢ ܗ ܰܘܘ‪.‬‬ ‫ܟܕ ݂ܶܡ ܽܛܠ ܕ ܰܒܕ ܰܡ ܳ ̈ܝܐ ܰܣܓ ݂̈ܶܝܐܐ ܙܒܝܢܝܢ‪ܽ .‬‬ ‫ܘܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܚܐ ܰܠܝ ܒ ܽܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫ܬ ܬ‬

‫‪‬‬

The Epistle of Jeremiah

 

They cast crowns, and set them on the heads of their gods; however it is known that when their priests make merry, they take gold and silver from their gods, and take it for themselves.1



They give of it to hire a prostitute;2 they decorate them, like people, with clothes — for gods of gold, of silver, and of wood —



But they do not protect3 themselves from rust, from corruption, 4 (though) clothed in purple garment(s),



Or from needing to wipe5 their faces clean, because of the dust which rises up upon them from the temple.6



Though holding a scepter, like a governor,7 he is unable to destroy him who sins against him.8



A sword held in his right hand, an axe in his left — yet he cannot save himself9 from battle, from thieves: by these things is it known10 that they are not gods. Do not fear them!



For as a potter’s vessel, when broken, is useless,



Thus they are, their gods — they set them up in temples — their eyes filled with dust11 — from the fine dust of the feet of those (people) coming in and going out.

1

‘take it for themselves’: lit. ‘upon them they take it out’.

2

‘to hire a prostitute’: lit. ‘from the affair/employment to a prostitute’.

3

‘protect’: lit. ‘separate’.

4

‘corruption’: see Introduction. Addendum 1.

5

‘needing to wipe’: lit. ‘wiping’.

6

‘temple’ or ‘house’. So too vv. 17,19,20.

7

‘governor’: lit. ‘a man, a judge of the place’.

‘he is unable to destroy him who sins against him’: lit. ‘this to those who sin against him, to destroy (him) is unable’. 8

9

‘himself’: lit. ‘his soul’.

10

‘is it known’: lit. ‘they will be known’.

11

‘dust’1: a different Syriac word than that used later in the verse and in v. 12.



‫ܐܓܪܬܐ̈ܕܐܪܡܝܐ ̈‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ܛ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܐ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܒ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܓ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܕ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܗ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܘ‬

‫̈ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܽܽܗܘܢ‪ .‬ܝ ܬܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܣܝܡܝܽܽܢ ܒܪܝܫ݂ܶܽܽܐ ܬ ܰܕܐ ܳ ܰܗܝ ̈ ܽ‬ ‫ܽܽܶܠ‪ܳ :‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܝܥܽܽܐ ܗܝ ܕ݂ܶܝܽܽܢ ܕ ܳܡܽܽܐ‬ ‫ܘܚܫܠܝܽܽܢ ܟܽܝ‬ ‫ܕ ܽܟ ܰ‬ ‫ܽܗܘܢ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܥܠ ܽ‬ ‫ܐܡܽܐ ݂ܶܡܽܢ ܰܐ ܳܠ ܰܗܝ ̈ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܡܪ ܽ‬ ‫ܗܒܐ ܘܣ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ ܳܒܣܡܝܢ‪ :‬ܡܪܝܡܝܢ ܰܕ ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܽܗܘܢ‬ ‫ܬܬ‬ ‫ܰܡܦܩܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܽ ܰ‬ ‫ܳ ܳ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܽܝܐ‪ܰ .‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܽܗܘܢ ܐܝ ܽ ܬ ܒ ܰܢ ̈ܝ ܳܢ ܳܫܽܽܐ‬ ‫ܡܨܒ ܬܬܝܽܽܢ ܠ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܝܳܗܒܝܽܽܢ ݂ܶܡܢ݂ܶܽܽܗ ݂ܶܡܽܽܢ ܬ‬ ‫ܥܒܽ ܬܽܕܐ ܠ ܙ ܢܽ ܬ‬ ‫ܗܒܐ ܰܘܬܕܣ ܳ‬ ‫ܬ ܰܒ ܬ ܽ‬ ‫ܠܽܒ ̈ܘܫ݂ܶܐ‪ܰ :‬ܠ ܳܠ ݂̈ܶܗܐ ܬܕܬ ܰܕ ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡܐ ܰܘܬܕ ܰܩ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܣܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽܘܚܬܐ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܘܡܽܽܢ ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܚܒܽ ܳܽܶܠ‪ܳ .‬ܠ ܬܒܫܝܽܽܢ ܠ ܬ ܽܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܫܽܽܐ‬ ‫݂ܶܗ ܽܢܽܽܘܢ ܕ݂ܶܝܽܽܢ ܠ ݂ܶܡ ܬܬ ܰܦܪܩܝܽܽܢ ݂ܶܡܽܽܢ ܽܫܽ‬ ‫ܬ ܰܕ ܐܪܓ ܳܘ ܳܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡܪܩܝܢ ܰܐ ܰܦ ̈ܝ ܽܗܘܢ ݂ܶܡ ܽܛܠ ܚ݂ܶ ܳܶܠ ܬܕ ܳܣ ݂ܶܠܩ ܰ‬ ‫ܥܠ ܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ ݂ܶܡܢ ܰܒܝܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܫ ܬܒ ܳܛܐ ܰܐܚ ܬܝܕ ܰܐܝ ܬ ܰܓ ܬܒ ܳܪܐ ܬ ܰܕܝ ܳ ܳܢܐ ܬ ܰܕ ܐܬ ܳܪ ܐ‪ܳ :‬ܗ ܳܢ ܬܕ ܰܠ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܝܠܝܽܢ ܕ ܳܚܛ݂ܶܝܽܢ ݂ܶܒܽܗ ܠ ܰܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܽܘܒ ܬ ܽܕܘ‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫ܳܠ ݂ܶܡ ܰ‬ ‫ܫܟܚ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܪܓܐ ܬܒ ݂ܶܣ ܳܡ ݂ܶܠܗ‪ .‬ܘܢܰ ܬܦܫ݂ܶܗ ݂ܶܡܢ ܳ‬ ‫ܩܪ ܬ ܳܒܐ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܰܘܐܚ ܬܝܕ ܰܚ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܒܐ ܬܒ ܰܝܡܝܢ݂ܶܗ‪ :‬ܘܢܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡܢ ݂ܶܠܣܛ ̈ܝܽܐ‬ ‫ܳ ܰ ܰ ܳ ݂̈ܶ‬ ‫ܽܗܐ‪ܳ .‬ܠ ܬ ݂ܶܕ ܽ‬ ‫ܳܠ ݂ܶܡ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܫ ܳ‬ ‫ܫܟܚ ܰܠ ܰ‬ ‫ܚܠܽܘܢ‬ ‫ܘܙ ܬ ܽܒܘ‪ .‬ܕ ݂ܶܡܢ ܳܗ ݂ܶܠܝܽܢ ܢ ݂ܶ ܬܬܝ ܰ ܬܕ ܽܥܽܘܢ ܕܠ ܗܘܘ ܐܠ‬ ‫ܬܬ‬ ‫ܠ ܽܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܟ ܳܢܐ ܬ ݂ܶܓܝܪ ܕ ܳܡ ܳܐܢ ܬܕ ܬ ܰܦ ܳܚ ܳܪܐ ܳܡܐ ܬܕ݂ܶܐܬܬ ܬ ܰܒܪ ܰܠܝ ݂ܶܒܗ ܰܚ ܽ‬ ‫ܫܚܘ‪.‬‬ ‫݂ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܳ ̈ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܬܐ‪ܰ .‬ܥ ̈ܝ ܰܢ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ ܰܡ ̈ܠܽ ܳܝܢ ܰܥ ܬܦܽ ܳܪܐ‪݂ܶ :‬ܡܽܢ‬ ‫ܳܗ ܬ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܐ ܽܢܘܢ ܐ ܳܠ ܰܗܝ ̈ ܽܗܘܢ‪ܳ .‬ܙܩܦܝܢ ܠ ܽܗܘܢ ܒ ܬܒ‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ ܰܕ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܚ݂ܶ ܳܶܠ ܬܕ ݂ܶܪܓ ܰܠ ܽ‬ ‫ܐܝܠܝܢ ܕ ܳܥܐܠܝܢ ܰ ܬܘܕܢܳ ܬܦܩܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܬ‬

‫‪‬‬

The Epistle of Jeremiah

The Epistle of Jeremiah the Prophet 

A copy of the letter which Jeremiah sent to the captives who had been taken captive to Babylon — whom Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon had taken captive — to make known to them, as he was commanded by the Lord: Because of the sins which you have sinned before the Lord, you have been taken captive to Babylon, by Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon.



When you have come to Babylon, you will remain there for many years, for a long time, for seventy years; after seventy years I will bring you out from there, in peace.



So now, See! You see, in Babylon, gods of silver and of gold, of wood and of stone, carried upon the shoulders (of men), false gods appearing to1 the nations.



Take care now, lest you too should come to be like the nations: do not fear them, do not tremble.



Although you may see great crowds before them, and following them,2 and worshipping them, you, however, should say to yourselves:3 It is meet to worship only you, Lord.

6

For the angel4 of the Lord is with you, and he will demand your souls.



For their tongue is carved by the hand of a carpenter, they are plated with gold and with silver, they cannot speak — for they are worthless, lifeless.5



As an ornament is beautiful on a virgin, so do they wear (their) gold.

1

‘false gods appearing to’ or ‘showing terrors to’.

2

‘following them’: lit. ‘after them’.

3

‘to yourselves’: lit. ‘in your minds’.

4

‘angel’ or ‘messenger’.

5

‘for they are worthless, lifeless’: lit. ‘for empty are they and dead’.



‫ܐܓܪܬܐ̈ܕܐܪܡܝܐ ̈‬

‫ܐ ݂ܶ ܰܓܪܬܳܐ ܬܕ݂ܶ ܰܐܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܡܝܐ ܬܢܒ ܳܝܐ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܐ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܒ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܓ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܕ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܗ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܘ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܙ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܚ‬

‫ܢܒ ܰ‬ ‫ܫܒܐ ܬ ܽ‬ ‫݂ܶܦ ܳ‬ ‫ܡܝܐ ܰܠ ̈ܫ ܬ ܰܒ ܳܝܐ ܬܕ݂ܶܐܫܬ ܬܒܝܘ ܠ ܬ ܳܒ ܬ ݂ܶܒܠ‪ܰ :‬ܕ ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܓܪܬܳܐ ܬܕ ܰܫ ܰܕܪ ܐ ݂ܶ ܰܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܚܡܐ ܬܕ݂ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܟ ܬܕܢܳ ܰܨܪ‬ ‫݂ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܳ ݂̈ܶ‬ ‫ܰܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܽܟܐ ܬܕ ܬ ܳܒ ܬ ݂ܶܒܠ‪ܰ :‬ܠ ܰ‬ ‫ܽܗܐ‬ ‫ܡܚ ܳܘܝܽܘ ܐ ܽܢܘܢ ܐܝ ܬ ܕ݂ܶ ܬܐܬܦ ݂ܶܩ ܬܕ ݂ܶܡܽܢ ܳܡܪܝܳܽܐ‪݂ܶ .‬ܡܛܽܠ ܚܛ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܽܘܟ ܬܕܢܳ ܰܨܪ ܰܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܢܒ ܬ ܰ‬ ‫ܽܝܘܢ ܠ ܬ ܳܒ ܬ ݂ܶܒܽܠ‪݂ܶ :‬ܡܽܢ ܬ ܽ‬ ‫ܽܝܘܢ ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܽܟܽܐ‬ ‫ܩܽܕܡ ܳܡܪܝܳܽܐ ܐܫܬ ܬܒ‬ ‫ܬܕܚܛ‬ ‫ܬܕ ܬ ܳܒ ܬ ݂ܶܒܠ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ ܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܫܢ ܳ ̈ܝܐ ܰܣܓ ܳ ̈ܝ ܬܐܬܳܐ ܰܘܙ ܬܒ ܳܢܐ ܢܰܓ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܽܬܘܢ ܠ ܬ ܳܒ ܬ ݂ܶܒܠ‪ :‬ܬ ݂ܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܗܘܘܢ ܰܬ ܳܡܢ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܽܪܐ ܬ ܰ‬ ‫ܥܕ ܳܡܽܐ‬ ‫ܡܐ ܬܕܥ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܠ ܰܫ ܬܒܥܝܢ ܫܢ ̈ܝܢ‪݂ܶ .‬‬ ‫ܩܟܘܢ ݂ܶܡܢ ܬ ܳܡܢ ܰܒܫܠܽ ܳܡܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܡܢ ܳܒ ܬܬܪ ܰܫ ܬܒܥܝܢ ܫܢ ̈ܝܢ ܐܦ ܬ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܬܘܢ ܒ ܬ ܳܒ ܬ ݂ܶܒܠ ܰܐ ܳܠ ݂̈ܶܗܐ ܬܕܣ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡܐ ܰܘ ܬܕ ܰܕ ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܗܒܐ ܰ ܬܘܕ ܰܩ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܣܐ ܰ ܬܘܕ ܬܟܐ ܬ ̈ܦܽܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܳܗ ܳܫܐ ܬܕ݂ܶܝܢ ܳܗܐ ܳܚܙ݂ܶܝܢ ܐܢ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ̈ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܬܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܚ ݂ܶܘܝܢ ܕ݂ܶ ̈ܚ ܳܠܽ ܬܬܐ ܠ ܰܥ ̈ܡ ݂ܶܡܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܕ ݂ܶܡܫܬܩܠܝܢ ܥܠ ܬ‬ ‫ܟܦ ܬ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܬܘܢ ܬ ݂ܶܬ ܰܕ ܽܡܘܢ ܠ ܽܗܘܢ ܠ ܰܥ ̈ܡ ݂ܶܡܽܐ‪ܳ .‬ܠ ܬ ݂ܶܕ ܽ‬ ‫ܚܠܽܘܢ‬ ‫ܐ ܰܙܕܗܪܘ ܳܗ ܬܟܝܠ ܕܠ ܡܐ ܐ ܬܦ ܐܢ‬ ‫ܬܬ‬ ‫ܢܗܘܢ‪ܳ :‬ܘܠ ܬܬ ܽܙ ܽ‬ ‫݂ܶܡ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܥܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܽ ݂ܶ ܳ‬ ‫݂ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܣܽܬ ܽ‬ ‫ܩܕ ܰܡ ܽ‬ ‫ܰܟ ܬܕ ܬ ݂ܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܚܙܘܢ ݂ܶܟ ̈ܢܫ݂ܶܽܐ ܰܣܓ ݂̈ܶܝܽܐܐ ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܽܗܘܢ‪ :‬ܐܠ‬ ‫ܪܗܘܢ ܕ ܳܣ ܬܓܕܝܽܢ ܠ‬ ‫ܝܽܗܘܢ ܬܘܒ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܣܓ ܬܕ ܰܒ ܽ‬ ‫ܥܝ ܬ ܽܟܘܢ‪ܳ :‬ܠ ܬ ܽܗܘ ܳܡܪܝܳܐ ܳܘ ݂ܶܠ ܠ ݂ܶܡ ܰ‬ ‫ܠܽܚ ܬܘܕ‪.‬‬ ‫ܐ ܰܡܪܘ ܐܢܬܘܢ ܒ ܬܬܪ ܳ ܬ‬ ‫݂ܶܡ ܽܛܠ ܕ ܰܡ ܰܶܠ ܬ ݂ܶܟܗ ܕ ܳܡܪܝܳܐ ܰܥ ܬ ܽ‬ ‫ܡܟܘܢ ܽܗܘ‪ܽ .‬‬ ‫ܘܗܘ ܢ ݂ܶ ܬܬ ܰܒܥ ܢܰ ܬ ̈ܦ ܳܫ ܬܬ ܬ ܽܟܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܝܠ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܽܽܦ ܒ ܰܝ ܬܽܽܕ ܢܰ ܳܓܽܽ ܳܪܐ‪ܰ .‬ܘܩܪܝܡܝܽܽܢ ܒ ܬ ܰܕ ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܗܒܽܽܐ‬ ‫ܽܽܗܘܢ ܰܕ ܬܓܠ ܬ‬ ‫݂ܶܠ ܳܫ ܳܢܽܽܐ ܬ ݂ܶܓܝܽܽܪ ܐ ܬ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ܳ ܽ ݂ܶ ܽ ܰ ݂ܶ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܳ ܳ‬ ‫̈ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܝܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܐܡܐ‪ .‬ܘܠ ݂ܶܡܫܟܚܝܢ ܠܡܡܺܠܘ‪ .‬ܡܛܠ ܕܣܪ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܬܒܣ‬ ‫ܝܩܐ ܐ ܽܢܘܢ ܘܡ ܬ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ‪ܳ :‬ܗ ܬ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܳܫܩܠܝܢ ܰܕ ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܗܒܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰܘܐܝ ܬ ܕ ܰܫܦܝܪ ܨ݂ܶ ܬܒܬܐ ܰܠ ܬܒ ܬܬܘܠ‬

‫‪‬‬

Lamentations Ch.





For you have indeed rejected us, great was your anger against us.



‫ܨܠܘܬܗ̈ܕܐܪܡܝܐ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟܒ‬

‫ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܝܢ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܬ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܥܠܝܢ ܛ ܬܒ‪.‬‬ ‫ܪܓܙܬ‬ ‫ܣܠܽ ܽܝܘ ܐܣܠ‬ ‫݂ܶܡܛܠ ܕܡ‬

‫‪‬‬

Lamentations Ch.





Women are dishonored in Zion, the virgins in the cities of Judah (too),



The noblemen were hung up by their hands, the elders1 not honored.



Young men ground (at the) mill,2 youths stumbled beneath3 the wood.



The old men sit no more in4 the gate(s), the young men rejoice no more.5



The joy of our heart(s) is no more, our joy6 has become mourning.



The crown has fallen from our head. Alas for us! for we have sinned.



Because of this, see, our heart(s) are sad, because of this our eyes grow dark,7



On the mountain of Zion, which has been laid waste — foxes prowl8 (about) there.9



But you, Lord, are everlasting,10 your throne (is) for (many) generations.



Do not abandon us forever, nor forget us for so long.11



Bring us back to you, Lord, and we will be restored;12 renew our days, as of old.

1

‘the elders’: lit. ‘the faces of the elders’.

2

‘ground (at the) mill’: see Introduction. Addendum 1.

3

‘beneath’: lit. ‘in/with’.

4

‘sit no more in’: lit. ‘have ceased from’.

5

‘rejoice no more’: lit. ‘from their joy’.

6

Verses 14,15: see Introduction. Addendum 1.

7

‘grow dark’: lit. ‘are dark’.

8

‘prowl’: perfect.

9

‘there’ or ‘in it’.

10

‘you … are everlasting’: see Introduction. Addendum 2.

11

‘so long’: lit. ‘a long time of days’.

12

‘Bring us back … we will be restored’: the same Syriac root is used for each verb.



‫ܨܠܘܬܗ̈ܕܐܪܡܝܐ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܐ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܒ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܓ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܕ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܗ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܘ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܙ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝ ܚ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܛ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟܐ‬

‫݂ܶ ݂̈ܶ ݂ܶ ܽ ܰ ܰ ܰ ܽ ̈ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܬܒ ܽܩܘܪܝܳܐ ܬܕ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܗ ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܕ ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܢܫܐ ܒܨܗܝܘܢ ܨܥܪܘ‪ :‬ܘ ܬܒ ܬܬܘܠ ܬ‬ ‫݂ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ ܐ݂ܶܬ ܰܬܠܝܘ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܪܒܢ݂ܶܐ ܬܒܐܝ ̈ ܬ ܰܕ ܽ‬ ‫ܰܪ ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܦ ̈ܝ ܳܣ ܬ ̈ܒܐ ܠ ܝ ܰ ܰܩܪܘ‪.‬‬ ‫݂ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܰܓ ܽܕ ̈ ܬܘܕ݂ܶܐ ܛܚ݂ܶܢܘ ܰܪܚ ܳܝܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܥܠܽ ̈ܝ ݂ܶܡܐ ܬܒ ܰܩ ̈ܝ ݂ܶܣܐ ܐܬܬ ܰܩܠܘ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳܣ ܬ ݂̈ܶܒܐ ݂ܶܡܢ ܰܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ ܬܒܛ݂ܶܠܘ‪ :‬ܬܰ‬ ‫ܘܓ ܽܕ ̈ ܬܘܕ݂ܶܐ ݂ܶܡܢ ܰܚ ܬܕ ܰܘ ܬܬ ܽܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݂ܶ ܰ ܰ ܽ ܳ ݂ܶ ܰ ݂ܶ ܰ ܰ ݂ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܟ ܠ ܬܒܶܠ ܰܚ ܬ ܽܕ ܬܘܬܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܒܛܠ ܬܬ ܚ ܬܕ ܬܘܬܐ ܬܕܠ ܒܢ‪ :‬ܐ ܬܬܗ ܬܦ ܬ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܬܰ‬ ‫ܢܦܠ ܟܝ ܳܶܠ ܬܕܪ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܫܢ‪ܳ :‬ܘܝ ܰܠܢ ܰܥܠ ܰܕܚܛܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫݂ܶܡܛܠ ܳܗ ܳܢ ܳܗܐ ܬ ܳܕ ݂ܶܘܐ ݂ܶܠ ܰܒܢ‪݂ܶ :‬ܡܛܠ ܳܗ ܳܢ ܳܗܐ ܚ݂ܶ ܽܫ ̈ܘ ܬ ܳܟܢ ܰܥ ̈ܝ ܰܢܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܰܥܠ ܽܛ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪ ܐ ܬܕܨ݂ܶܗܝܽܘܢ ܰܕܚܪ݂ܶ ܬܒ‪ :‬ܬܘܬ ̈ܥ ܶܠ ܰܗ ݂ܶܠ ܬܟܘ ݂ܶܒܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܝܝ ‪ :‬ܬ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܟ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪܣܝ ܬ ܠ ܬ ܳܕ ܳܪܕܪܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰܘܐܢܬ ܳܡܪܝܳܐ ܠ ܳܥ ܰܠܡ ܐ ܬ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ ܰ ݂ܶ ܰ‬ ‫݂ܶ ݂ܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܓ ܳܪܐ ܬܕܝ ܰ ̈ܘ ܳܡ ܬܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܠ ܠ ܥܠܡ ܬܫܒܩܢ‪ :‬ܬܘܬܛܥܝܢ ܢ ܬ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܩܕܝܡ‪.‬‬ ‫ܐ ܬܦ ܳܢܢ ܳܡܪܝܳܐ ܠ ܳܘ ܬܬ ܬܟ ܘܢ ݂ܶ ܬܬܦܢ݂ܶܐ‪ܰ :‬ܚ ݂ܶܕ ܬܬ ܝ ܰ ̈ܘ ܳܡ ܬܬܢ ܐܝ ܬ ܕ ݂ܶܡܢ ܬ‬

‫‪‬‬

Lamentations Ch.



The Prayer of Jeremiah Chapter  

Call to mind, Lord, what has happened to us; consider, take heed of our shame:



Our inheritance handed over to foreigners, our houses to foreigners.



We were (as) orphans, fatherless, our mothers as widows.



We have paid with silver for our water which we have drunk,1 for our wood with a price.2



They pressed heavily upon us,3 we were pursued,4 we labored, we had no rest.5



The Egyptians gave help,6 the Assyrians to satisfy (us) (with) bread.



Our fathers sinned and are no more; we have borne their sins.



Servants ruled over us, there was no-one to deliver us from their hands.



In peril of our lives,7 we get8 our bread, for fear of9 the sword in the wilderness.



Our skin10 withered,11 as by (the heat of) a furnace; (our skin) grew pale as ashes, (we were) exhausted by hunger.12

‘We have paid with silver for our water which we have drunk’: lit. ‘Our water with silver we have drunk’. 1

2

‘wood … price’: plural nouns.

3

‘They pressed heavily upon us’: lit. ‘They came upon our neck(s)’.

4

‘pursued’ or ‘hard driven’.

5

‘we were hard driven, we labored, we had no rest’: see Introduction. Addendum 1.

6

‘help’: lit. ‘a hand’.

7

‘In peril of our lives’: lit. ‘With our soul’.

8

‘get’: lit. ‘will bring’ or ‘are bringing’.

9

‘for fear of’: ‘from before’.

10

‘skin’: plural noun.

11

‘withered’ or ‘shrank’: see Introduction. Addendum 1.

‘exhausted by hunger’: lit. ‘from before exhaustion of hunger’. See Introduction. Addendum 1. 12



‫ܨܠܘܬܗ̈ܕܐܪܡܝܐ‬

‫ܽ‬ ‫ܨܠ ܬܘܬ݂ܶܗ ܕ݂ܶ ܰܐܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܡܝܐ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫݂ܶܩ ܬ ܰܦܶܠ ܳܘܢ‪ :‬ܗ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ܐ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܒ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܓ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܕ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܗ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܘ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܙ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܚ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܛ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝ‬

‫ܐ݂ܶܬ ܰܕ ܬܟܪ ܳܡܪܝܳܐ ܳܡ ܳܢܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܰܠܢ‪ܽ :‬ܚܘܪ ܰܘܚܙܝ ܚ݂ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܣܕܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܽ ܰ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܽ ܳ ݂ܶ ܳ ̈ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܒܬܝܢ ܠ ܽܢ ܬܘܟ ܳܪܝ݂ܶܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܟ ܠ ܢ ܬܘܟܪܝܐ‪ :‬ܬ‬ ‫ܝܳܪܬ ܬܘܬܢ ܐ ܬܬ ܰܗ ܬܦ ܰ ܬ‬ ‫ܰ ݂̈ܶ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܳ ݂ܶ ̈ ܳ ܰ ܰ ܰ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܡܠܽ ܬܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܝܡܐ ܗܘܝܢ ܕܠ ܐ ܬܒܐ܃ ܘܐܡܗܬܢ ܐܝ ܬ ܐ‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰܡ ̈ܝܢ ܒ ݂ܶܟ ܳ‬ ‫ܣܦܐ ܐ݂ܶܫܬܝܢ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܘܩ ̈ܝ ܰܣܝܢ ܰܒ ܬܕ ܰܡ ̈ܝܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫ܳ ݂ܶ‬ ‫݂ܶ ܰ ܰ ܰ ܰ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܘܪܢ܃ ܐ ܬܬ ܬܪܕ݂ܶ ܬܦܢ ܰܘܠܝܢ ܘܠ ܐܬܬ ܢܝ ܚܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܐ ܬܬܘ ܥܠ ܨ‬ ‫ܳ ܳ ܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܡܣ ܳܒ ܽܥܘ ܰܠ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܬ ܳܘܪܝ݂ܶܐ ܰܠ ܰ‬ ‫ܚܡܐ‪.‬‬ ‫݂ܶܡܨܪܝ݂ܶܐ ܝܰܗ ܬܒܘ ܐ ܬܝܕܐ‪ :‬ܘ ܬ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ‬ ‫ܚܛܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܚܛ ܰܗܝ ̈ ܽܗܘܢ ܬ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܠܝ ܐ ݂ܶ ܽܢܘܢ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܣܒܠܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܚܢܢ‬ ‫ܐ ܬ ܳܒ ̈ܗܝܢ‬ ‫ܰ ̈ ݂ܶ ݂ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܫܬ ܰܠܛܘ ܰܒܢ‪ :‬ܘ ܰܠܝ ܕ ܬ ܳܦܪ݂ܶܩ ܰܠܢ ݂ܶܡܢ ܐܝ ̈ ܬ ܰܕ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܥ ܬܒܕܐ ܐ‬ ‫ܒ ܰܢ ܬܦ ܰܫܢ ܢܰܥ݂ܶܠ ܰܠ ܳ‬ ‫ܩܕܡ ܰܚ ܳ‬ ‫ܚܡܐ ݂ܶܡܢ ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܒܐ ܬ ܰܕ ܬܒ ܰܡ ܬܕܒ ܳܪܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܩܕܡ ܽܛ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪ ܐ ܐ݂ܶܬ ܬ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܩܦ ܬܕܘ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܩܢܐܘ ݂ܶܡܢ ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪ ܬ ܳܦܐ ܬܕ ܬ ܰܟ ܬܦ ܳܢܐ‪.‬‬ ‫݂ܶܡ ̈ܫ ܰܟܝܢ ܐܝ ܬ ܕ ݂ܶܡܢ ܬ ܽܢ ܬ‬

‫‪‬‬

Lamentations Ch.

 Ṣādhe



They hunted small things,1 for those who walk in the streets;2 our end has come, our days are completed, for our time has come. Qof



Our pursuers were swifter than the eagles of the sky; they pursued us to the mountains, they laid in wait for us in the wilderness. Rish



The breath of our nostrils, the anointed of the Lord, was trapped by their pitfalls. Of whom3 we said that we would live, in his shadow, among the nations. Shin



Exult! rejoice!, daughter of Edom living in the land of Uz; the cup will come to you too, you will be drunken, you will stagger (drunkenly).4 Taw



Your sins have come to an end, daughter of Zion, no more will they cause you to go into exile;5 your guilt6 has been punished, daughter of Edom, your sins are uncovered.

1

‘small things’ or ‘the common people’: see Introduction. Addendum 1.

2

‘for those who walk in the streets’: see Introduction. Addendum 1.

3

‘Of whom’: lit. ‘That of which’.

4

‘you will stagger (drunkenly)’: see Introduction. Addendum 1.

5

‘cause you to go into exile’ or ‘uncover you’.

6

‘guilt’ or ‘debts’.



‫ܐܘܠܝ̈ܬܐ̈ܕܐܪܡܝܐ‬ ‫ܨ̈‬

‫‪ ‬ܝ ܚ‬

‫ܽ‬ ‫ܡܗܠ ܬܟܝܢ ܒ ܽܫ ̈ܘ ݂ܶܩܐ‪ .‬ܩܪ݂ܶ ܬܒ ݂ܶܩ ܰܨ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܳܨ ܬܕܘ ܰܠ ܬܕ ܰܕܩܕܩܝܢ ܠ ܬ ܰܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܠܽܘ ܝܰܽ ̈ܘ ܰܡܝܢ‪݂ܶ :‬ܡܛܽܠ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܕ݂ܶ ܬܐܬܐ ܥ ݂ܶ ܳܕܢܰܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܩ̈‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܛ‬

‫ܽ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܘܦܝܽܢ ݂ܶܡܽܢ ܢ ݂ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܰܩܠܝܠܝܢ ܗ ܰܘܘ ܳܪ ܽܕ ܬ ܰ‬ ‫ܫܽܪܝ ܰ‬ ‫ܫܡ ܳܝܽܐ‪ܰ :‬ܥܽܠ ܛܽܘܪ ܐ ܰ ܬܪܕ ܽܦܽܘܢ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܬܒ ܰܡ ܬܕܒܽ ܳܪܐ‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܐ ܬܬ ܰܟ ܰܡܢܘ ܰܠܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܪ̈‬

‫‪ ‬ܟ‬

‫݂ܶ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܘܚܐ ܰܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܡ ܽ‬ ‫ܐܦ ̈ܝܢ ܡܫܝ ܚ݂ܶܗ ܕ ܳܡܪܝܳܽܐ‪ :‬ܐ ݂ܶܬܬܚ݂ܶܽ ܬܕ ܒ ܽܓܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܨܗܘܢ‪ܰ :‬ܗܘ ܕ݂ܶ ܰܐܡܽܪܢ ܰܕ ܬܒܛ ܳܺܠܽܗ‬ ‫ܪ ܳ ܬ‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫ܝ ܰܥ ̈ܡ ݂ܶܡܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܢܐܚ݂ܶܐ ܬ ݂ܶܒ ܬ‬ ‫ܫ̈‬

‫‪ ‬ܟܐ‬

‫ܰ‬ ‫ܝ ܳܒܐ ܬ ܰܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܪܥܐ ܬܕ ܽܥܘܨ‪ܳ :‬ܐ ܬܦ ݂ܶܠ ܬܟܝ ܢ ݂ܶܡܛ݂ܶܐ ܬ ܳܟ ܳܣܽܐ‪ :‬ܬ ݂ܶ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܽܕܘܨܝ ܰܘ ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܘܝܽܢ‬ ‫ܚܕܝ ܰܒܪ ܬܬ ܬܐ ܽܕܘܡ ܕ ܳ ܬ‬ ‫݂ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܬܘܬܬܛ ܬܪܦܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܬ̈‬

‫‪ ‬ܟܒ‬

‫݂ܶ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܚܛ ܰܗܝ ̈ܟܝ ܰܒܪ ܬܬ ܨ݂ܶܗܝܽܘܢ‪ܽ :‬ܬ ܬܘܒ ܳܠ ܢܰܽ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܘܣ ܬܦ ܰܠ ܬܰ‬ ‫ܡܓ ܳܠܽ ܽܝܽ ܬܘܬ ܬܟܝ‪ .‬ܐ ܬܬܦ ݂ܶܩܽ ܬܕܘ‬ ‫ܓ ܰܡܪܘ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰܚ ̈ܘ ܰܒܝܟܝ ܰܒܪ ܬܬ ܐܬ ܽܕܘܡ‪݂ܶ :‬ܘ ܬܐܬܓܠܝܘ ܚܛ ܰܗܝ ̈ܟܝ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Lamentations Ch.

 Lāmadh



They did not believe, the kings of the earth, and all the inhabitants of the world,1 that the enemy and the oppressor would come, would enter by the gates of Jerusalem, Mim



Because of the sins of her prophets, the iniquity of her priests, who poured out in her midst the blood of the righteous ones. Nun



Her noblemen2 wandered in her streets, defiled with blood, so that none could (bear to) touch their garments. Semkath



Stand aloof from them! Call them ‘Unclean’! Pass by, pass by, do not draw near to them: for they have sown discord,3 they too have been shaken.4 They said,5 among the nations: No more shall they dwell (here). ‛Ayn



While we stand, our eyes have grown dark for want of help;6 in vain our watchmen watched a people who cannot save. Pe



The countenance of the Lord divided them, he will look no more on them; they did not respect the faces of the priests, they did not cherish the elders.7

1

‘the world’: lit. ‘the inhabited world’.

2

‘Her noblemen’: see Introduction. Addendum 1.

3

‘they have sown discord’: lit. ‘they enraged’. See Introduction. Addendum 1.

4

‘they … have been shaken’: see Introduction. Addendum 1.

5

‘They said’ or ‘say!’

6

‘for want of help’: lit. ‘from our healing’.

7

The order of Lamentations 4:16,17 is reversed from that in MT.



‫ܐܘܠܝ̈ܬܐ̈ܕܐܪܡܝܐ‬ ‫ܠ̈‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܒ‬

‫ܳ ݂ܶ ܳ ݂ܶ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܝܡܢܽܽܘ ܰܡ ̈ܠܽ ݂ܶܟ ܽܐ ܬ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܪܥ ܽܐ‪ :‬ܬ ܽ‬ ‫ܳܠ ܰܗ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܘܥ ܽܐܠ‬ ‫ܘܟܽ ܽ ܽܗܘܢ ܳܥ ܽܡ ܽܘܪܝܗ ܕ ܬܬ ܬ ݂ܶܒܝܽܽܠ܃ ܕ ܬܐܬܐ‬ ‫݂ܶ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܽ ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܬܪܥ ݂ܶܝܗ ܽܕ ܐܘܪ݂ܶ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܫܠܡ‪.‬‬ ‫ܒܥܠܕ ܬܒ ܬܒܐ ܘܐܘܨ ܐ ܬܒ ܬ‬ ‫ܡ̈‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܓ‬

‫ܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܚܛ ݂̈ܶܗܐ ܬ ܰܕ ܬܢܒܝ ݂ܶ ̈ܝܗ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܘܥ ܳܘܠ ܬܕ ܬ ܳܟ ̈ܗܢ ݂ܶܝܗ‪ :‬ܕ݂ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܫ ܬܕܘ ܒ ܬܰܓ ܳܘܗ ܕ ܳܡܐ ܬܕ ܰܙ ܕ ܝ ̈ ݂ܶܩܐ‪.‬‬ ‫݂ܶܡܛܠ‬ ‫ܢ̈‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܕ‬

‫ܢܳܽܽܕܘ ܰܪܘܪ ܬ ܳܒܢ ݂ܶܝܽܽܗ ܒ ܽܫܽܽ ̈ܘ ݂ܶܩܝܗ‪݂ܶ :‬ܘܐܬ ܰܦ ܰ‬ ‫ܠܽܦܠܽܽܘ ܰܒ ܬܕ ܳܡܽܽܐ‪ܳ :‬ܘܠ ܐ ݂ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܫܟܚܽܽܘ ܕܢ ݂ܶ ܬ ܽ‬ ‫ܩܪܒܽܽܘܢ‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰܠ ܬܒܘ ܰܫܝܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܣ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܗ‬

‫ܰ‬ ‫ܘܛ ݂̈ܶܡܐܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܪܒܽܘܢ ܠ ܽ‬ ‫ܦ ܽܪܘܫܘ ݂ܶܡ ܽ‬ ‫ܥܒܽܪܘ ܳܘܠ ܬܬ ݂ܶ ܬܬ ܰܩ ܬ ܽ‬ ‫ܥܒܽܪܘ ܬ ܰ‬ ‫ܩܪܘ ܐ ݂ܶ ܽܢܽܘܢ‪ .‬ܬ ܰ‬ ‫ܽܗܘܢ‪:‬‬ ‫ܢܗܘܢ‪:‬‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܐܪܓ ܽܙܘ ܳܐܦ ܐ ݂ܶܬ ܰܛ ܰܪܦ ܽܘ‪ :‬ܐ ݂ܶ ܰܡ ܽܪܘ ݂ܶܒ ܽܝ ܰܥ ̈ܡ ݂ܶܡ ܽܐ ܕܬܘܒ ܳܠ ܢܰ ܽ‬ ‫݂ܶܡ ܽܛ ܽܠ ܰܕ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܘܣܦ ܽܘܢ‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫ܬܬ ܬ‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫ܠ ݂ܶܡ ܰ‬ ‫ܥܡܪ‪.‬‬ ‫ܥ̈‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܘ‬

‫ܳ‬ ‫ܝ ܳܕܩܘ ܰܕ ̈ܘ ܰܩܝܢ ܠ ܳܘ ܬܬ ܰܥ ܳܡܽܐ‬ ‫ܰܥ ܬܕ ܳܩܝܡܝܢ ܚ ܰܢܢ ܚܫ݂ܶ ܬ ܰܥ ̈ܝ ܰܢܝܢ ݂ܶܡܢ ܽܥ ܬܘܕܪ ܢܰܢ‪ :‬ܣܪ ܳܝܩܐ ܬ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܬܕܠ ܬ ܳܦܪ݂ܶܩ‪.‬‬ ‫ܦ̈‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܙ‬

‫ܳ‬ ‫ܪܨ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܡܚܽܪ ܒܽ ܽܗܘܢ‪ܰ :‬ܒ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܦܗ ܕ ܳܡܪܝ ܳܐ ܬ ܰܦ ݂ܶܠܓ ܐ ݂ܶ ܽܢܘܢ‪ܳ :‬ܘܠ ܢܰܽ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܰܦ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܣ ܬܦ ܰܠ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܦܽ ̈ܝ ܳܟܽ ̈ܗ ݂ܶܢ ܠ‬ ‫݂ܶ ܳ ܬ‬ ‫ܢܣ ܬܒܘ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܘܥܠ ܳܣ ܬ ̈ܒܐ ܠ ܰܪܚ݂ܶܡܘ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Lamentations Ch.

 Waw



The iniquities1 of the daughter of my people exceeded the sin of Sodom, which was overthrown suddenly, without human involvement.2 Zayn



Her Nazirites were purer than snow, whiter than suckling lambs3 in their flocks, their bodies more red than carnelian, their form4 (more beautiful than) than sapphire. Ḥeth



Darker than soot their appearance, they were not recognized in the streets; their skin was shriveled upon their bones, it was dried up, wooden.5 Ṭeth



They fared better,6 those slain by the sword, than those dead of famine, for they wasted away like those struck (down), cast out onto the field(s).7 Yudh



The hands of merciful women boiled their children: they were food for them, in the ruin of the daughter of my people. Kāph



The Lord’s fury has reached its climax,8 he has poured out the heat of his fierce anger, he has kindled a fire in Zion, the flame has consumed its foundations.

1

‘iniquities’: sing. noun.

‘without human involvement’: lit. ‘without hands laboring in her’. See Introduction. Addendum 1. 2

3

‘suckling lambs’: lit. ‘milk’. A ‘suckling lamb’ would be written ‘a milk lamb’:

‫ܚܠܒܐ‬.

‫ܐܡܪ‬

4

‘form’: lit. ‘body’.

5

‘wooden’: lit. ‘like a stick’.

6

‘They fared better’: lit. ‘They (were) better’.

7

‘cast out onto the field(s)’: see Introduction. Addendum 1.

8

‘The Lord’s fury has reached its climax’: lit. ‘The Lord has completed his anger’.



‫ܐܘܠܝ̈ܬܐ̈ܕܐܪܡܝܐ‬ ‫ܘ̈‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܘ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܙ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܚ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܛ‬

‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰܘܣܓܝ ܰܥ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܗ ܰܕ ܬ ܽ‬ ‫ܟ ݂ܶܡܽܢ ܫ݂ܶܠܽ ܳܝܽܐ‬ ‫ܣܕܘܡ‪ :‬ܕ݂ܶ ܬܐܬ ܰܗ ܬܦ ܰ ܬ‬ ‫ܘܠ ܗ ܕ ܬ ܰܒܪ ܬܬ ܰܥܡܝ ݂ܶܡܢ ܚܛ ܬ‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫ܳܘܠ ܠ ̈ܝ ܳܒܗ ܐܝ ̈ ܬ ܰܕܝܐ‪ܳ.‬‬ ‫ܙ‬

‫ܥܽܝ ܽܗܘܢ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܚܽܘܪܘ ݂ܶܡܽܢ ܰܚ ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܕ ܬܟܝܘ ܢܙ ݂ܶܝܪܝܽܗ ݂ܶܡܽܢ ܰܬܠ ܳܓܽܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܣܡܩܽܘ‬ ‫ܠܽܒܽܐ ܬܒ ܰܡܪ ܳ ܬ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰܓܪ ܰܡ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ ݂ܶܡܢ ܰܣ ܬ ܽܪܕܘܢ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܘܫܡܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܡܢ ܰܣܦܝ ܶܠ ܬܽܓ‬ ‫ܚ̈‬

‫ܙܘܗܘܢ܃ ܳܘܠ ܐ ݂ܶܬ ܰܝܕܥܽܘ ܒ ܽܫ ̈ܘ ݂ܶܩܽܐ‪ܽ :‬‬ ‫ܘܚ ݂ܶܪ ܐ ܚ݂ܶܽ ܽ‬ ‫ܚܫ݂ܶ ܬ ݂ܶܡܢ ܽܫܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܩܦܽ ܬܘܕ ݂ܶܡܫܟܽ ܽܗܘܢ ܰܥܽܠ‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫ܬ ܬ‬ ‫ܪܡ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ‪ :‬ܝ ܬ ݂ܶܒܫ ܰܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܰܓ ܰ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܰܐܝ ܬ ܰܩ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܣܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܛ̈‬

‫ܪܒܐ ݂ܶܡܢ ܩܛ ̈ܝ ܰܠܝ ܰܟ ܬܦ ܳܢܐ‪ :‬ܕܬ ܳܕ ܬܒܽܘ ܰܐܝܽ ܬ ܳܗ ܽܢܽܘܢ ܰܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܳܛ ܬܒܝܢ ܗ ܰܘܘ ܩܛ ̈ܝ ܰܠܝ ܰܚ ܳ‬ ‫ܡܡܚ݂ܶܝܽܢ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܬ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܫܕܝܢ ܒ ܰܚܩܶܠ‪.‬‬ ‫ܝ̈‬

‫‪ ‬ܝ‬

‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܗܘܘ ܠ ݂ܶܗܝܽܽܢ ܠ ݂ܶܡ ܬ ܽ‬ ‫ܽܝܐ ܬ ܰܒܫ݂ܶܽܽܠ ܒ ܰܢ ̈ܝ ݂ܶܗܝܽܽܢ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܟܽܽܘܠ ܬܐ‬ ‫ܐܝ̈ܽ ܬ ܰܽܕܝ ܢ ݂ܶ ̈ܫ ܽܐ ܡܪܚܡܢ ܽ ܬ‬ ‫ܬ ܰܒ ܬܬ ܬ ܳܒ ܳܪܗ ܕ ܬ ܰܒܪ ܬܬ ܰܥܡܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܟ̈‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܐ‬

‫ܳ ܳ ݂ܶ ݂ܶ ݂ܶ ܰ ݂ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܫܒܽܩ ܽܢܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܡܽܬܐ ܬܕ ܽܪܘܓܽܙ ݂ܶܗ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܬ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܪ ܐ ܬܒܨ݂ܶܗܝܽܽܘܢ‪:‬‬ ‫ܡܽܬܗ‪ :‬ܘܐܫܽ ܬܕ ܚ ܬ‬ ‫ܰܫܡܠܝ ܡܪܝܽܐ ݂ܶ ܚ ܬ‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫݂ܶ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܰ ݂ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܬ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܐܣ ̈ܝܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܝܐ ܐ ܬܟ ܬܬ ܫ ܬ‬ ‫ܘܫܠܽܗ ܬܒ ܬ‬

‫‪‬‬

Lamentations Ch.



Chapter  Ālaph 

How is the fine gold rejected? The beautiful dye1 altered?2 The holy stones thrown down, at the entrances3 to all the markets?4 Beth



The precious children of Zion, who were more (precious) than5 the good stones:6 how was it that they were valued as earthenware vessels, the work of the hands of the potter? Gāmal



Like jackals, they revealed their breasts, they suckled their whelps; the daughter of my people was like an incurable wound,7 like an ostrich in the wilderness. Dālath



The infant’s tongue cleaves to the roof of his mouth, he is so thirsty;8 the children ask for bread, but there is no-one who breaks bread and gives (it) to them. He



Those who used to eat delicacies — See! they are cast out on9 the streets. Those who grew up dressed in scarlet — See! they sleep10 on dunghills.

1

‘dye’: see Introduction. Addendum 1.

‘How is the fine gold rejected? The beautiful dye altered?’ or ‘How it has been rejected, the fine gold! The beautiful dye altered!’. 2

3

‘entrances’: lit. ‘head’.

4

‘markets’ or ‘streets/open spaces’.

5

‘who were more (precious) than’: lit. ‘who exceeded’.

6

‘more (precious) than the good stones’: see Introduction. Addendum 1.

‘the daughter of my people was like an incurable wound’: see Introduction. Addendum 1. 7

8

‘he is so thirsty’: lit. ‘for thirst’.

9

‘cast out on’: see Introduction. Addendum 1.

10

‘they sleep’: see Introduction. Addendum 1.



‫ܐܘܠܝ̈ܬܐ̈ܕܐܪܡܝܐ‬

‫݂ܶ‬ ‫݂ܶܩ ܬ ܰܦܶܠ ܳܘܢ‪ :‬ܕ‪.‬‬ ‫ܐ̈‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܐ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܒ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܓ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܕ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܗ‬

‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܘܫܢ ݂ܶܐ ܽܨ ܬܘܒ ܳܥܐ ܰܫܦ ܳ‬ ‫ܰܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܟ ܳܢܐ ݂ܶܡܣܬ ݂ܶܠ ܬ ܰܕ ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܗܒܐ ܳܛ ܬ ܳܒܐ‪ܳ :‬‬ ‫ܬܕܝܳܽܢ ܟܐ ܬ ̈ܦܽܐ ܬܕ ܽܩ ܬܘܕ ܳܫܽܐ‬ ‫ܝܽܪܐ܃ ݂ܶܡ ̈ܫ ܬ‬ ‫ܬܒܪܝܫ ܽܟܽ ܽܗܘܢ ܽܫ ̈ܘ ݂ܶܩܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܒ̈‬

‫݂̈ܶ ܳ ܳ ̈ ܳ ܰ ܰ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܒ ܰܢ ̈ܝ ܨ݂ܶܗܝܽܘܢ ܝ ܰܩ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܝܪ ܐ ܬ ܰܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܝܪܝܢ ܗ ܰܘܘ ݂ܶܡܢ ܟܐ ܬܦܽܐ ܛ ܬܒܽ ܬܬܐ܃ ܐ‬ ‫ܝܟ ܳܢܽܐ ܐ ܬܬܚܫ݂ܶ ܬܒܽܘ ܐܝܽ ܬ‬ ‫ܳܡ ݂̈ܶܐܢ ܕܚ݂ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܨܦܐ‪ :‬ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܥܒ ܬܕ ܐܝ ̈ ܬ ܰܕܝ ܳܐ ܬܕ ܬ ܰܦ ܳܚ ܳܪܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫ܓ̈‬

‫ܰ ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ̈ ܰ ܳ ܽ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܝܗܝܽܢ‪ܳ .‬‬ ‫ܘܪ ܐ ܬܬܬ ܰܕ ܝ ̈ ݂ܶܗܝܢ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܝܢ ݂ܶ ̈ܩܽܝ ܓ ܰܪ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܡܚܽ ܬܘܬܐ‬ ‫ܗܘ ܬܬ ܰܒܽܪ ܬܬ ܰܥܡܽܝ ܠ‬ ‫ܓܠܽܝ ܐܝ ܬ ܝܪ‬ ‫ܣܝ ܬܘܬܳܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܝ ܬ ܢܰ ܳܥ ܳܡܐ ܬܒ ܰܡ ܬܕܒܪܐ‪ܳ.‬‬ ‫ܬܕ ܰܠܝ ܳܠ ܗ ܳܐ ܽ‬ ‫ܕ̈‬

‫݂ܶ ݂ܶ ܳ ݂ܶ ܰ ܽ ܳ ܰ ̈ ܰ ݂ܶ ݂ܶ ܰ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܚܡܽܐ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܛܽ ݂̈ܶܝܐ ܫ݂ܶܐܠܽܘ ܰܠ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܠܽܝ‬ ‫ܕ ܬܒܩ ܠ ܫܢܗ ܕܝܠ ܬܘܕ ܐ ܠ ܫܡܝ ܚܟܗ ܒܨܗܝܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܕ ܳܩܨ݂ܶܐ ܘܝ ܳ ݂ܶܗ ܬܒ ܠ ܽܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܗ̈‬

‫ܽ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܘܪܝܐ‪ܳ :‬ܗܐ‬ ‫ܳܗ ܽܢܘܢ ܳܕ ܬܐܟܝܢ ܗ ܰܘܘ ܦ ̈ܘ ܢܳ ݂ܶܩܐ‪ܳ :‬ܗܐ ܣܝܡܝܢ ܒ ܽܫ ̈ܘ ݂ܶܩܐ‪ .‬ܕ݂ܶ ܬܐܬܪܒܝܘ ܰܥܠ ܙܚ ܬ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܬ ܳܕܡܟܝܢ ܒܩ ̈ܩ ܳܠܽ ܬܬܐ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Lamentations Ch.

 Shin



You heard, Lord, their reproach, all that they plotted against me.



The lips (of those who) rise up (against me), who plan1 against me all day.



Their sitting down2 and their rising up3 — I have understood, from their mocking.4 Taw



Render5 to them, Lord, their recompense — according to the work of their hands.



Make them sick at heart;6 may your scourge pursue them.



Lord, in your anger, may you destroy them from beneath your heavens.

1

‘plan’: lit. ‘meditate’.

2

‘sitting down’ or ‘habitation’.

3

‘I have understood’: see Introduction, Addendum 1.

4

‘their mocking’: see Introduction, Addendum 1.

5

‘Render’: lit. ‘Return’.

6

‘Make them sick at heart’: lit. ‘Give them sickness of heart’.



‫ܐܘܠܝ̈ܬܐ̈ܕܐܪܡܝܐ‬ ‫ܫ‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ܘܟܠ ܕ݂ܶ ܬܐܬ ܰܚ ܰܫ ܬܒܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܫܡܥܬ ܚ݂ܶܣܕ ܽܗܘܢ ܳܡܪܝ ܳܐ‪ :‬ܬ ܽ‬ ‫ܣܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܥܠܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ ܳ ܰ ܽ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܟܗ ܝ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܣܒ ݂ܶܣ ܬ ̈ܦ ܳܘ ܬܬܐ ܬܕ ܳܩ ̈ܝ ܳܡܢ‪ :‬ܘܪܢ ܝܢ ܥܠܝ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ‬ ‫݂ܶ ܰ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܘܬ ܬܒ ܽܗܘܢ ܰܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܟ ܬܬ ܐ ݂ܶ ܳܢ ݂ܶܡܢ ܪ݂ܶܢ ܽ‬ ‫ܡܩ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܡܗܘܢ‪ :‬ܐܣܬ‬ ‫ܣܓ ܡ‬ ‫ܬ̈‬

‫‪ ‬ܣܕ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܣܗ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܣܘ‬

‫ܰܬ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܗܦ ܬ ܠ ܽܗܘܢ ܽܦ ܳ‬ ‫ܥܒ ܬܕ ܐܝ ̈ ܬ ܰܕ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܪܥ ܽ‬ ‫ܢܗܘܢ ܳܡܪܝ ܳܐ‪ܰ :‬ܐܝ ܬ ܰܡ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܽ ܰ ܽ ܳ ݂ܶ ܳ ܰ ܽ ܳ‬ ‫݂ܶ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܡܚ ܬܘܬ ܬܟ ܠ ܽܗܘܢ ܬ ܽܪܕ ܬܘܦ‪.‬‬ ‫ܬܬܠ ܠ ܗܘܢ ܟܪܝ ܬܘܬܐ ܬܕܠ ܒܐ‪ :‬ܘ‬ ‫ܰ ܽ ܳ ܰ ݂ܶ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܝ ܰ‬ ‫ܫܡ ̈ܝ ܳܡܪܝ ܳܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܓܙ ܬܟ ܬ‬ ‫ܘܒ ܬܕ ܐ ܽܢܘܢ ݂ܶܡܢ ܬܚ݂ܶ ܬ‬ ‫ܘ ܬܒܪ ܬ‬

‫‪‬‬

Lamentations Ch.

 Pe1



All our enemies have cried out aloud2 against us.



Fear and terror were ours, the pit3 and destruction.



Streams of water flowed from my eyes4 for the destruction of the daughter of my people. Ṣādhe



My enemies have indeed hunted me, like a bird, for no good reason.5



They brought my life to an end6 in a pit; they threw stones at me.



Water flowed over my head; I said: I have fled far away.7 Qoph



I called (on) your name, Lord, from the pit below.



You heard my voice; do not give heed,8 but relieve me, save me.9



You drew near on the day that I called (on) you; you said to me: Do not fear. Rish



You pleaded, Lord, the cause of my soul: you redeemed my life.



You saw, Lord, my humiliation: you pleaded my cause.



You saw all their vengeance, all that they plotted against me.

1

‛Ayn and Pe are in reverse order compared to MT.

2

‘cried out aloud’: lit. ‘opened their mouth(s)’.

3

‘pit’ or ‘well’: see Introduction. Addendum 1.

4

‘Streams of water flowed from my eyes’: lit. ‘My eyes flowed streams of water’.

5

‘for no good reason’: lit. ‘gratuitously’.

6

‘brought … to an end’: lit. ‘silenced, suppressed’.

7

‘I have fled far away’: see Introduction. Addendum 2.

8

‘do not give heed’: lit. ‘do not incline your ear’. See Introduction. Addendum 1.

9

‘but relieve me, save me’: see Introduction. Addendum 1.



‫ܐܘܠܝ̈ܬܐ̈ܕܐܪܡܝܐ‬ ‫ܦ̈‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ܰ‬ ‫ܬܚܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܥܠܝܢ ܽܦ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܡܗܘܢ ܽܟܽ ܽܗܘܢ ܒܥ ݂ܶ ̈ܠܕ ܬ ܳܒ ܬ ܰܒܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܡܛ ܦ ܬ‬ ‫ܳ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܗܘ ܬܬ ܰܠܢ ܽܓ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܥܬܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡ ܳܨ ܐ ܰܘ ܬܬ ܬ ܳܒ ܳܪܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܚܠܽܬܐ ܘܙ ܬ‬ ‫ܢܢ ܕ݂ܶ ܬ‬ ‫ܰ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܢ ܬ ̈ܦܐ ܬܕ ܰܡ ̈ܝܐ ܐܪܕܝ ܰܥ ̈ܝ ܰܢܝ ܰܥܠ ܬ ܬ ܳܒ ܳܪܗ ܕ ܬ ܰܒܪ ܬܬ ܰܥܡܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܨ̈‬

‫‪ ‬ܢܒ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܢܓ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܢܕ‬

‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܡܨ ܬܕ ܳܨ ܬ ܽܕܘܢ ܝ ܐܝ ܬ ܨ݂ܶܦ ܳܪܐ ܒܥ ݂ܶ ̈ܠܕ ܬ ܳܒ ܬ ܰܒܝ ܰܡ ܳܓܢ‪.‬‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܰ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܬܩܘ ܒ ܽܓ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܒܐ ܰܚ ܰܝ ̈ܝ‪ :‬ܬ ܰ‬ ‫ܫܕܘ ܒܝ ܟܐ ܬ ̈ܦܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܫ‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫ܳܛ ܬܦܘ ܰܡ ܳ ̈ܝܐ ܠ ܥ ݂ܶܠ ݂ܶܡܢ ܪܝܫܝ‪ :‬ܐ ݂ܶܡܪ݂ܶ ܬܬ ܐ ݂ܶ ܬܬ ܰܪ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܚܩ ܬܬ‪.‬‬ ‫ܩ̈‬

‫‪ ‬ܢܗ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܢܘ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܢܙ‬

‫ܳ ܳ ܳ ݂ܶ ܽ ܳ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܒܐ ܬܬܚܬܝ ܳܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܝ ܫܡ ܬ ܡܪܝܐ‪ :‬ܡܢ ܓ‬ ‫ܩܪ ܬ‬ ‫ܫܡܥܬ‪ܳ :‬ܠ ܬ ܰܬ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܪܟܢ ܬܐ ݂ܶܕܢܳ ܬ ‪݂ܶ .‬ܐ ܳܠ ܰܐ ܰܪܘܚ ܠܝ ܰܘ ܬܦ ܽܪ ܰ‬ ‫ܳܩܠܝ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܩܝܢ ܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܝ ܬܟ܃ ݂ܶܘ ܰܐܡܪܬ ܠܝ ܠ ܬ ܬܬܕ ܰܚܠ‪.‬‬ ‫ܩܪ݂ܶ ܬܒܬ ܒܝܘܡܐ ܬܕܩܪ ܬ‬ ‫ܪ̈‬

‫‪ ‬ܢ ܚ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܢܛ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܣ‬

‫ܳܕܢܬ ܳܡܪܝ ܳܐ ܬܕ ܳܝܢܐ ܬܕܢܰ ܬܦܫܝ ܰܘ ܬܦ ܰܪܩܬ ܰܚ ܰܝ ̈ܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܚܙܝ ܳܡܪܝ ܳܐ ܽܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܘܟ ܬܟܝ ܘܬ ܳܕܢܬ ܕܝܢ ܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܘܟܠ ܕ݂ܶ ܬܐܬ ܰܚ ܰܫ ܬܒܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܬ ܽܗܘܢ‪ :‬ܬ ܽ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܥܠܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܚܙܝ ܽܟܽܗ ܰܢܩ ܬ‬

‫‪‬‬

Lamentations Ch.

 Mim



Who is it who spoke, and it came to pass, yet the Lord did not command?



Do (both) good and evil come forth from the mouth of the Supreme One?1



Why does mortal man2 make plans,3 man4 in the presence of5 his sins? Nun



Let us search out our pathways, let us explore,6 let us return to the Lord.



We will lift up our hearts on our hands to God in heaven.



We have acted unjustly, we have embittered you: you have not forgiven. Semkath



You have covered (yourself) in your anger, you have pursued us; you have slain, you have not spared.



You have covered (yourself) with your cloud, you have rejected our prayer.



You have set us, uprooted7 and rejected, among the nations. ‛Ayn



My eye weeps, it does not cease, for there is no relief,



Until the Lord will look forth, will see, from heaven.



My eye saddens my soul, for all the daughters of my cities.

‘Do … One’ or, if read as a statement ‘From the mouth of the Supreme One, (both) good and evil do not come forth’. 1

2

‘mortal man’: lit. ‘man who lives’.

3

‘make plans’: see Introduction. Addendum 1.

4

‘man … man’: two different Syriac words are involved.

5

‘in the presence of’: lit. ‘near/against/concerning’.

6

‘explore’ or ‘restore’.

7

‘uprooted’: see Introduction. Addendum 1.



‫ܐܘܠܝ̈ܬܐ̈ܕܐܪܡܝܐ‬ ‫ܡ̈‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ܳ‬ ‫ܠܙ ܰܡ ܽܢܘ ܳܗ ܳܢ ܬܕ݂ܶ ܰܐܡܪ ܰܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ‪ :‬ܕ ܳܡܪܝ ܳܐ ܠ ܬܦ ܰܩ ܬܕ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ ܳܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܚ ݂ܶܡܢ ܽܦ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܘܡܗ ܕܥ ݂ܶ ܳܠܽ ܳܝܐ ܠ ܢܰ ܬ ̈ܦ ܳܩܢ ܒ ̈ܝ ܳܫ ܬܬܐ ܘܛ ܬ ̈ܒ ܬܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܠܛ ܳܡ ܳܢܐ ݂ܶܡ ܬܬ ܰܚ ܰܫ ܬܒ ܰܒܪ ܐܢܳ ܳܫܐ ܬܕ ܰܚܝ܃ ܬܰ‬ ‫ܘܓ ܬܒ ܳܪܐ ܰܥܠ ܚܛ ܰܗ ̈ܘܗܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܢ̈‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫݂ܶ ݂ܶ ܽ ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܪܚ ܬܬܢ ܘܢ ݂ܶ ܬܒ ܽܕܘܩ‪ :‬ܘܢ ݂ܶ ܬܬܦܢ ݂ܶܐ ܠ ܳܘ ܬܬ ܳܡܪܝ ܳܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܡ ܢ ܬܒܨ ܐ ܐ‬ ‫ܡܐ ܢ ݂ܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܫܩܘܠ ݂ܶܠ ܰܒ ̈ܝܢ ܰܥܠ ܐܝ ̈ ܬ ܰܕܝܢ ܠ ܳܘ ܬܬ ܰܐ ܳܠ ܳܗܐ ܰܠ ܰ‬ ‫ܫܡ ܳܝܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܡ ܰ‬ ‫ܚܢܢ ܰܐܥܠܝܢ ܰ‬ ‫ܪܡܪܢܳ ܬ ܃ ܰܘܐܢܬ ܳܠ ܬ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܒ ܰ‬ ‫ܫܒܩܬ‪.‬‬ ‫ܣ̈‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܘܩܛܠܬ ܘܠ ܳܚܣܬ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܓ ܳܙ ܬܟ ܰܘ ܬ ܰܪܕ ܬܦܬܢ‪:‬‬ ‫ܡܓ ܛܺܠܬ ܒܪ ܬ‬ ‫ܽ ܰ‬ ‫ܰ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܥܢ ܳܢ ܬ ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܺܠܬ ܰܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܨܠ ܬܘܬܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܐܥܒܪܬ‬ ‫ܡܕ ܛ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܡܗ ܥܩ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܝܪ ܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܡ ̈ܣ ܰܠܽ ܳܝܐ ܬ ܰ‬ ‫ܝ ܰܥ ̈ܡ ݂ܶܡܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܥܒܕܬܢ ݂ܶܒ ܬ‬ ‫ܥ̈‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ܡܘ ܰܥܝܢ ܝ ܳܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܡܥܐ ܳܘܠ ܳܫ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܽܝܐ‪݂ܶ :‬ܡܢ ܕ ܰܠܝ ܽܦܘܝ ܳ ܬܳܓܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܥܕ ܳܡܐ ܬ ܰܕ ܬܢܕܝܩ ܘܢ ݂ܶܚܙ ݂ܶܐ ܳܡܪܝ ܳܐ ݂ܶܡܢ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܙ ܬ ܰ‬ ‫ܫܡ ܳܝܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܡܚ ܰܥܝܢ ܝ ܐ ݂ܶܬ ܰܛ ܬ ܰ‬ ‫ܪܦ ܬܬ ܰܥܠ ܢܰ ܬܦܫܝ‪݂ܶ :‬ܡܢ ܽܟܽ ݂ܶܗܝܢ ܒ ̈ܢ ܬܬ ܽܩܘܪܝ ܳܐ ܬܕܝܠܝ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Lamentations Ch.





My soul said: He is my portion, therefore I will hope in him.

XXXVI

Ṭeth 

The Lord is good to him who hopes in him, to the soul that seeks him,



Good to him who trusts in truth1 in the salvation of the Lord,



Good to the man who will bear his yoke in his youth. Yudh



Let him sit alone, let him be silent, let him 2 take upon himself your yoke.



Let him put his mouth in the dust, for there is hope.



Let him offer his cheek to him who strikes him, let him accept3 reproach. Kāph



For the Lord is not unmindful4 forever.



Although he afflicts, he is merciful, in the abundance of his mercies.



For he does not respond5 from his heart; he afflicts the children of the mighty,6 Lāmadh



To tread beneath his feet all the prisoners of the earth,



To pervert the justice of man before the face of the Supreme One,



To find a man guilty in his own cause:7 (this) the Lord will not see.

1

‘in truth’: see Introduction. Addenda 1,2.

2

‘Let him’1,2,3 or ‘May he’ or ‘he will’. So Lamentations 3:29,30,40.

3

‘accept’: ‘be filled with’.

4

‘is not unmindful’: see Introduction. Addendum 1.

5

‘respond’: see Introduction, Addendum 1.

6

‘children of the mighty’: see Introduction. Addendum 1.

7

‘in his own cause’: lit. ‘with his justice’.



‫ܐܘܠܝ̈ܬܐ̈ܕܐܪܡܝܐ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟܕ‬

‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܐ ݂ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܪ ܬܬ ܢܰ ܬܦܫܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܡܢ ܬܬܝ ܽܗܘ‪݂ܶ .‬ܡܛܠ ܳܗ ܳܢ ܐ ܰܣ ݂ܶܟܐ ݂ܶܠܗ‪.‬‬

‫ܨܚ̈ܠܘ ̈‬ ‫ܛ̈‬

‫‪ ‬ܟܗ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟܘ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟܙ‬

‫ܳܛ ܬܒ ܳܡܪܝ ܳܐ ܠ ܰܡܢ ܰܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܣ ݂ܶܟܐ ݂ܶܠܗ ܰܘܠ ܰܢ ܬܦ ܳܫܐ ܬܕ ܬ ܳܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܥܝܐ ݂ܶܠܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܘܫܬܐ ܠ ܬ ܽܦ ܳ‬ ‫ܳܛ ܬܒ ܠ ܰܡܢ ܰܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܪܩܢ ݂ܶܗ ܕ ܳܡܪܝ ܳܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܡܣ ܰܒܪ ܒ ܽܩ‬ ‫ܰ ܽ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܫܩܘܠ ܢ ܳ‬ ‫ܳܛ ܬܒ ܠ ܰܓ ܬܒ ܳܪܐ ܬ ܰܟ ܬܕ ܢ ݂ܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܠܽܝ ܬܘܬܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܝܪ ܬܟ ܒܛ‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫ܝ̈‬

‫‪ ‬ܟܚ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟܛ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܠ‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫݂ܶ ܽ‬ ‫݂ܶ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܫܬܘܩ‪݂ܶ :‬ܡ ܽܛܠ ܕ ܰܩ ݂ܶܒܠ ܰ‬ ‫ܥܠܘܗܝ ܢ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܽܚ ܬ ܰ‬ ‫ܬ ܬܒ ܰܒ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܪ ܬܟ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܕܘܗܝ ܘܢ‬ ‫ܘܢ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫݂ܶ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܬܠ ܒ ܰܥ ܬܦ ܳܪܐ ܬ ܽܦ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܐܝ ܰܣ ܬܒ ܳܪܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܢ‬ ‫ܘܡܗ ݂ܶܡܛܠ ܕ ܬ‬ ‫݂ܶ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܬܠ ܰܦ ݂ܶܟܗ ܠ ܰܡܢ ܕ ܳܡܚ݂ܶܐ ݂ܶܠܗ‪ :‬ܘܢ ݂ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܣܒܥ ܚ݂ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܣܕܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܢ‬

‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܠ ݂ܶܡܛܠ ܕܠ‬ ‫ܠܒ ݂ܶܐ ܳܠ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܡ ݂ܶܟ ܬ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܠܓ ݂ܶܡܛܠ ܕܠ‬

‫ܟ̈‬

‫ܳ‬ ‫ܛܥ ݂ܶܐ ܳܡܪܝ ܳܐ ܠ ܳܥ ܰܠܡ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܓ ܬܐܬ ܰܪ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܪܚ݂ܶܡ‪ܰ :‬ܐܝ ܬ ܽܣ ܬܰ‬ ‫ܚܡܘܗܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳܥܢ ݂ܶܐ ݂ܶܡܢ ݂ܶܠ ݂ܶܒܗ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܡ ݂ܶܟ ܬ ܒ ܰܢ ̈ܝ ܰܓܢ ܳܒ ݂ܶܪ ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܠ̈‬

‫‪ ‬ܠܕ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܠܗ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܠܘ‬

‫ܡܟ ܳܒ ܽܫܘ ܬܚ݂ܶܝ ݂ܶܪܓ ܰܠܘܗܝ ܽܟܽ ܽܗܘܢ ܰܐܣ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܝܪ ܐ ܬ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܰܠ ܬ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܪܥܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܬ ܬ ܬ‬ ‫݂ܶ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܽ ܰ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܩܒܠ ܐ ܰܦ ̈ܝ ܥ ݂ܶ ܳܠܽ ܳܝܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܠ ܡܨܠ ܬܕܝܢܐ ܬܕ ܬܓ ܬܒܪܐ ܠ ܬ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰܠ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܚ ܳܝ ܬ ܽܒܘ ܬ ܰܒܪ ܐܢܳ ܳܫܐ ܬܒ ܬܕܝܢ ݂ܶܗ ܳܡܪܝ ܳܐ ܠ ܳܚܙ ݂ܶܐ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Lamentations Ch.





He made my pathways crooked, he tore me to pieces, ordained destruction for me.1



He drew his bow, he made me2 the target3 for the arrows. He



See, he shot his arrows into4 my body.5



I was a laughing-stock among all the nations, their songs all day.



He filled6 me with wormwood,7 he made me drink gall.8 Waw



He shattered my teeth with a stone, he covered me with ash.



My soul was led astray, (away) from peace, I forgot9 the good.



I said: My successes, my hope in the Lord, have come to naught. Zayn



Remember my servitude, my chastisement — with wormwood, with gall.



Remember: restore my life to me.10



This I take to heart, because of this I will hope in him: Ḥeth



The Lord’s mercies are inexhaustible,11 his love does not fail,



Renewed in the morning,12 your faithfulness is great, Lord.

1

‘ordained destruction for me’: lit. ‘ordained me for destruction’.

2

‘made me’: lit. ‘set me as’.

3

‘target’: lit. ‘sign, goal’.

4

‘shot his arrows into’: lit. ‘made his arrows enter’.

5

‘body’: lit. ‘kidneys’.

6

‘filled’ or ‘sated’.

7

‘wormwood’: plural noun. So too v. 19.

8

‘gall’: lit. ‘bitter medicines’. So too v. 19.

9

‘led astray … forgot’: both render the same Syriac root.

10

‘restore my life to me’: see Introduction. Addendum 1.

11

‘inexhaustible’: lit. ‘not consumed/used up’.

12

‘Renewed in the morning’: lit. ‘In the renewal of the morning’.



‫ܐܘܠܝ̈ܬܐ̈ܕܐܪܡܝܐ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܐ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܒ‬

‫ܰ ܳܳ‬ ‫ܫܚܢ ܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܽܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪܚ ܬܬܝ ܰܥ ݂ܶܩܡ‪ܰ :‬ܦ ܰ‬ ‫ܚܒܶܠ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܣ ܰܡܢ ܝ ܠ ܬ‬ ‫ܳ ݂ܶ ݂ܶ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܫܬܗ ܰܘܐܩ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܡܢ ܝ ܰܐܝ ܬ ܢ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܫܐ ܠ ܬ ݂ܶܓܐܪ ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܡܶܠ ܩ‬ ‫ܗ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܓ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܕ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܗ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܘ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܙ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝ ܚ‬

‫ܳܗܐ ܰܐܥ ݂ܶܠ ܒ ܽܟ ̈ܘܠ ܳܝܝ ݂ܶܓ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܪܘܗܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫ܽ ܳ ܽ ܽ ܰ ̈ ݂ܶ ܰ ܳ ܽ ܽ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܟܗ ܝ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܝ ܓܘܚܟܐ ܬܒ ܬܟܽܗܘܢ ܥܡܡܐ‪ :‬ܘܙܡܝܪ ܬܬܗܘܢ‬ ‫ܗܘ ܬ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ ݂ܶ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܡܪܪ ܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܪܘܝ ܰܢ ܝ ݂ܶܓܕ ̈ܕ ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܐܣܒ ܰܥܢ ܝ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܘܬ ܰܒܪ ܒܟ ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܦܐ‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܥܝ ݂ܶܡܢ‬ ‫݂ܶܘܐܬܛ ܰ ܬ‬ ‫݂ܶܘܐܡܪ݂ܶ ܬܬ ܕ݂ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܒ ܬܕܘ‬

‫ܘ̈‬

‫ܫ݂ܶ ܰܢ ̈ܝ‪ :‬ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܦ ܰܠܢ ܝ ܒ ݂ܶܩ ܳ‬ ‫ܛܡܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܝ ܛ ܬܒ ܬܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܫܠܽ ܳܡܐ ܢܰ ܬܦܫܝ‪ܰ :‬ܘܛܥ ܬ‬ ‫ܢ ݂ܶ ̈ܨ ܳܚ ܰܢܝ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܘܣ ܬܒܪܝ ݂ܶܡܢ ܳܡܪܝ ܳܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܙ̈‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܛ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟܐ‬

‫ܰ ܳ ݂ܶ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܘܥܒ ܬܕܝ ܰ‬ ‫ܐ ݂ܶܬ ܰܕ ܬܟܪ ܽܫ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡ ܽ‬ ‫ܡܪܪ ܐ ܰ ܬܘܕ ܬ ݂ܶܓܕ ̈ܕ ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܪܕ ܬܘܬܝ‪ :‬ܕ‬ ‫ܐ ݂ܶܬ ܰܕ ܬܟܪ ܰܘ ܬܐܦ ܳܢܐ ܢܰ ܬܦܫܝ ܰ‬ ‫ܥܠܝ‪.‬‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܳܗܬܕ݂ܶܐ ܐ ܬܬ ܬܝܒ ܰܥܠ ݂ܶܠ ܒܝ‪݂ܶ :‬ܡܛܠ ܳܗ ܳܢ ܐ ܰܣ ݂ܶܟܐ ݂ܶܠܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܚ̈‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ܣܕ ̈ܘܗܝ ܕ ܳܡܪܝ ܳܐ ܬܕ ܳܠ ܳܛܽܩܝܢ‪ܳ :‬ܘܠ ܳܓܡܪܝܢ ܰܪ ܰ‬ ‫ܟܒ ܚ݂ܶ ܬ ܰ‬ ‫ܚܡܘܗܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫ܽ ܳܳ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܡ ܽܢ ܬܘܬ ܬܟ ܳܡܪܝ ܳܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܟܓ ܒܚܘܕ ܬܬܐ ܬܕܨ ܬܦܪܐ ܣܓܝܐܐ ܗ‬

‫‪‬‬

Lamentations Ch.



Chapter  Ālaph 

Mighty God:1 See my servitude! by the rod of his anger.



He took me, he led me in darkness, not in light.



Moreover, he will return to me, he will turn his hand (against me) every day.2 Beth



He destroyed3 my skin and my flesh, he broke my bones.



He besieged4 me, he encircled me with conspiracy, with devastation.5



He made me dwell in darkness, like the dead, forever. Gāmal



He hedged me6 in so that I cannot go out, he strengthened my chains.



Although I would implore, I would pray, he does not hear7 my prayer.



He hedged my paths with thorns, he made crooked my pathways. Dālath



The wolf8 laid an ambush for me, 9 the lion (waited) in hiding.

1

‘Mighty God’: see Introduction. Addendum 2.

‘Moreover, he will return to me, he will turn his hand (against me) every day’: see Introduction. Addendum 1. 2

3

‘destroyed’ or ‘ruined’.

4

‘besieged’: lit. ‘built against’.

‘he encircled me with conspiracy, with devastation’: see Introduction. Addendum 1. 5

6

‘me’: lit. ‘my face’.

7

‘he does not hear’: see Introduction. Addendum 1.

8

‘wolf’: see Introduction. Addendum 1.

9

‘The wolf laid an ambush for me’: lit. ‘The wolf was cunning to me’.



‫ܐܘܠܝ̈ܬܐ̈ܕܐܪܡܝܐ‬

‫݂ܶ‬ ‫݂ܶܩ ܬ ܰܦܶܠ ܳܘܢ‪ :‬ܓ‪.‬‬ ‫ܐ̈‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܐ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܒ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܓ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܕ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܗ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܘ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܙ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܚ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܛ‬

‫ܳ ܽ‬ ‫ܳܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܘܓܙ ݂ܶܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܐܝܠ ܰܓܢܒܪܐ ܚܙܝ ܽܫܘܥܒ ܬܕܝ‪ :‬ܒ ܰܫ ܬܒܛܐ ܬܕܪ ܬ‬ ‫݂ܶ ܽ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܝ ܬܕ ܬ ܰܒܪ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܘܟܐ ܘܠ ܬܒ ܰܢܗ ܳܝܪܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܗܠ ܬ ܰܟܢ ܝ ܒܚܫ ܬ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫݂ܶ ܽ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܢܬܘܒ‪ :‬ܘܢܰ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܟܗ ܝ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܗܦ ܬ ܐ ܬܝܕܗ‬ ‫ܒ ܰܪܡ ܒܝ ܬ ܬ‬ ‫ܒ̈‬

‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰܒܠܝ ݂ܶܡܫܟܝ ܬ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܘܒܣܪܝ‪ :‬ܬܘܬ ܰܒܪ ܰܓܪ ܰܡܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܒ ܳܢܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܥܠܝ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܬܐܟ ܬ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܚ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܟܢ ܝ ݂ܶܡܪ ܳܕ ܐ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܪܒܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݂ܶ ܽ ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܝܐ ܠ ܳܥ ܰܠܡ‪.‬‬ ‫ܒܚ ܫ ܬ‬ ‫ܘܟܐ ܐܘܬ ܬ ܰܒܢ ܝ ܐܝ ܬ ܡ ܬ‬

‫ܓ̈‬

‫‪ ‬ܝ‬

‫ܐܦ ̈ܝ ܕ ܳܠ ܐ ݂ܶ ܽܦܘܩ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܥܫ݂ܶܢ ܰܐ ܽܣ ܰ‬ ‫ܳܣܓ ܰܒ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܪܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳܘ ܬ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܐܦܢ ܐ ܬܒܥ ݂ܶܐ ݂ܶܘ ܰܐܨܠ ܠ ܳܫ ܰܡܥ ܽ‬ ‫ܨܠ ܬܘܬܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳܣ ܬܓ ܽܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܫܒ ̈ܝ ܰܠܝ ܰܥ ݂ܶܩܡ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܪܚ ܬܬܝ ܒ ܬ ܽܟ ̈ܘ ݂ܶܒܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܬ‬ ‫ܐܒܐ ܬ ܰܟ ܳܡ ܳܢܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܕ ܬܳ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܠܝ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܪܝ ܳܐ ܬܒ ܽܛ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܫܝܐ‪.‬‬

‫ܕ̈‬

‫‪‬‬

Lamentations Ch.

 Rish



Take heed, Lord, consider, to whom you have acted thus: be it so, the women shall eat their fruits, the infants be dashed to the ground.1 Be it so, the priest and the prophet will be slain in the sanctuary of the Lord. Shin



They have lain down upon the ground, in the streets, the young and the old; my virgins, my young men, have fallen by the sword; you have slain in the day of your anger, you have struck down and not spared. Taw



You cried out as on a festival day:2 My enemies surround me!3 on the day of the anger of the Lord there was not one who escaped, terrified;4 those whom I carried, brought up, my enemies destroyed.

1

‘dashed to the ground’: see Introduction. Addendum 1.

2

‘festival day’: see Introduction. Addendum 1 at Lamentations 2:7.

3

‘surround me’: lit. ‘from all around’.

4

‘terrified’ or ‘remained alone’.



‫ܐܘܠܝ̈ܬܐ̈ܕܐܪܡܝܐ‬ ‫ܪ̈‬

‫‪ ‬ܟ‬

‫ܟܽܢ ܢ ݂ܶ ݂̈ܶܫܽܐ ܦ ܰ‬ ‫ܥܒܕܬ ܳܗ ܰܟ ܳܢܽܐ‪ܰ :‬ܐܝܽ ܢ ݂ܶܐ ̈ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܪ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܘܚܘܪ ܠ ܰܡܢ ܬ ܰ‬ ‫ܚܙܝ ܳܡܪܝ ܳܐ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܗܝܽܢ ܘܝ ܰ ܽܠܽܽ ̈ܘܬܕ݂ܶܐ‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫ܬ ܬ‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܩܦܝܢ‪ :‬ܐܝܢ ܢ ݂ܶ ܬܬܩܛ݂ܶܠ ܒ ܰܡܫܟܢ ݂ܶܗ ܕ ܳܡܪܝ ܳܐ ܬ ܳܟ ܳ‬ ‫ܗܢ ܰܘ ܬܢܒ ܳܝܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܬܕ ݂ܶܡܫܬ ܬ‬ ‫ܫ̈‬

‫‪ ‬ܟܐ‬

‫ܳ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܳ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܘܓܽ ܽܕ ̈ܘ ܰܕܝ ܬ ܰ‬ ‫ܫܟ ܬܒܘ ܰܥܽܠ ܰܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܬ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܢܦܠܽܘ‬ ‫ܪܥܽܐ ܬܒ ܽܫ ̈ܘ ݂ܶܩܽܐ ܛܽ ̈ܝܽܐ‬ ‫ܘܣ ܬ ̈ܒܽܐ‪ :‬ܒ ܬܬ ̈ܘ ܳܠܽ ܬܬܝ ܬܰ ܬ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ ܰ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܳ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܓ ܳܙ ܬܟ‪ :‬ܛ ܰܒܚܬ ܘܠ ܳܚܣܬ‪.‬‬ ‫ܒ ܰܚܪܒܐ‪ :‬ܩܛܠܬ ܒ ܰܝܘܡܐ ܬܕܪ ܬ‬ ‫ܬ̈‬

‫‪ ‬ܟܒ‬

‫ܘܡܐ ܕ ܽ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܬܒ ܰܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܚܕ ܰܪܝ‪ܳ :‬ܘܠ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ܬܕ ܰܥ ܬܕܥܐ ܬ ܳܕ ܐ ܬܒܥ ݂ܶܠܽ ̈ܕ ܬ ܳܒ ܬ ܰܒܝ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܩܪܝ ܰܐܝ ܬ ܝ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܘܓܽܙ ݂ܶܗ‬ ‫ܪ‬ ‫ܢ‬ ‫ܡ‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܳ ܳ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܝܛܐ ܰܘܣܪ ܬ ܳܝܕܐ‪ :‬ܕܫ݂ܶ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܝ ܒܥ ݂ܶܠܽ ̈ܕ ܬ ܳܒ ܬ ܰܒܝ ܰܓ ܰܡܪܘ ܐ ܽܢܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܕܡܪܝܐ ܬܦܠ‬ ‫ܩܠ ܬܬ ܘܪܒ ܬ‬

‫‪‬‬

Lamentations Ch.

 Semkath



All who passed by on the way shook their hands at you, they hissed, they shook1 their heads, at the daughter of Jerusalem; they said: Is this the city2 of which they said ‘(This is) the perfection of beauty, the joy of the whole world’? ‛Ayn



The Lord has done that which he purposed, he has fulfilled his word; as he commanded in former days,3 he has overthrown, he has not spared; he has made enemies rejoice over you, he has raised up the horn of your oppressors. Pe



All your enemies shout out4 against you, they hiss, they gnash5 their teeth, they say: We have swallowed her up: moreover this is it, the day that we have awaited, we have found (it), we have seen (it).6 Ṣādhe



Their heart(s) called upon the Lord for the walls of the daughter of Zion; your tears flowed like a stream, by day and by night; allow yourself no rest, nor peace for your eyes.7 Qoph



Arise! Sing praise by night, at the beginning of the watch; pour out your heart like water, in the presence of8 the Lord; lift up your hands to him, for the lives of your infants who are worn out by hunger at the entrance9 to every street.

1

‘shook … shook’: two different Syriac roots.

2

‘Is this the city’ or ‘This is the city’.

3

‘in former days’ or ‘from the beginning’.

4

‘shout out’: lit. ‘have opened their mouths’.

5

‘shout out … hiss … gnash’: perfect verbs.

6

2:16,17: the order of these verses is reversed from that in MT.

‘allow yourself no rest, nor peace for your eyes’: lit. ‘do not give yourself alleviation, the pupil of your eye shall not dwell in peace’. 7

8

‘in the presence of’: lit. ‘before the face of’.

9

‘entrance’ or ‘head’ or ‘top’.



‫ܐܘܠܝ̈ܬܐ̈ܕܐܪܡܝܐ‬ ‫ܣ̈‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܗ‬

‫ܰܛܪ݂ܶ ܬܦܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܫ ܽ‬ ‫ܥܠܝܟܝ ܐܝ ̈ ܬ ܰܕ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ ܽܟܠ ܳܥ ܬܒ ܰܪܝ ܽܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪܚܐ‪ܰ :‬ܐܫܪ݂ܶܩܘ ܰܘܐܢܝܽ ܬܕܘ ܪ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܽܗܘܢ ܰܥܽܠ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰܒܽܪܬ ܽܐܘܪ݂ܶ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܝܐ ܬ ܳܕ ܐܡܪܝܽܽܢ ܗ ܰܘܘ ܓܡܝܽ ܰ‬ ‫ܽܪ ܬܬ ܽܫܽ ܬܘܦ ܳܪܐ‬ ‫ܫܠܽܡ‪݂ܶ :‬ܘ ܰܐܡܽܪܘ‪ܳ :‬ܗܬ ܳܕ ܐ ܗܝ ܩܽܽܪ ܬ‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫ܘܚ ܽܕܘܬܳܐ ܕ ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܟܽܗ ܰܐܪܥܐ‪ܳ.‬‬ ‫ܰܬ ܬ ܬ ܬ‬ ‫ܥ̈‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܘ‬

‫݂ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܥ ܬ ܰܒ ܬܕ ܳܡܪܝ ܳܐ ݂ܶܡ ݂ܶܕܡ ܕ݂ܶ ܬܐܬ ܰܚ ܰܫ ܬܒ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܠܽܽܬܗ‪ :‬ܐܝܽ ܬ ܬ ܰܕ ܬܦ ܰܩܽ ܬܕ ݂ܶܡܽܢ ܝܰܽ ̈ܘ ܳܡ ܬܬܐ‬ ‫ܘܫܡܠܽܝ ݂ܶܡ ܬ‬ ‫ܰܩܕ ܳܡ ݂̈ܶܝܽܽܐ‪ܰ :‬ܣ ܳ‬ ‫ܚܦܽܽܗ ܳܘܠ ܳܚܽܽܣ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܚܽܽܕܝ ܰ‬ ‫ܥܠܝܟܽܽܝ ܒܥ ݂ܶ ̈ܠܕ ܬ ܳܒ ܬ ݂ܶܒܽܽܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܪܝܽܽܡ ܰܩܽܽ ܳܪܢ‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫ܳ ܽ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܬܕܐܘܨܝܟܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܦ̈‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܙ‬

‫ܰ‬ ‫ܬܚܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܥܠܝܟܝ ܽܦ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܡܗܘܢ ܽܟܽ ܽܗܘܢ ܒܥ ݂ܶܠܕ ܬ ܳܒ ܬ ܰܒ ̈ܝܟܝ‪ܰ :‬ܐܫܪ݂ܶܩܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܚܪ݂ܶܩܘ ܫ݂ܶ ܰܢ ̈ܝ ܽܗܘܢ‪:‬‬ ‫ܦܬ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ܬܕ ܰܣܟܝܢ‪ :‬ܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܥܢܗ‪ :‬ܒ ܰܪܡ ܳܗܢܰܘ ܝ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܳܘܐܡܪܝܢ ܒܠ ܳ‬ ‫ܫܟܚܢ ܰܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܚܙܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܨ̈‬

‫‪ ‬ܝ ܚ‬

‫ܰ ܳ ܰ ܰ ܳ ݂ܶ ݂ܶ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܡܥܬ ܬܟܽܝ‬ ‫ܓ ܳܥܐ ݂ܶܠ ܒ ܽܗܘܢ ܠ ܳܘ ܬܬ ܳܡ ݂ܶܪܝ ܳܐ ܬܕ ܽܫܘܪ ܐ ܬܕ ܬ ܰܒܪ ܬܬ ܨ݂ܶܗܝܽܽܘܢ‪ :‬ܐ ݂ܶܪܕܝ ݂ܶ ܐܝܽ ܬ ܢܚܽܶܠ ܬܕ ܬ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܝܡ ܳܡܐ ܰܘ ܬܒܺܠܽ ܳܝܐ‪ :‬ܠ ܬܬܬܠܝܢ ݂ܶܠ ܬܟܝ ܽܦܘܝ ܳ ܬܳܓܐ‪ :‬ܘܠ ܬܬܫܶܠ ܬ ܳܒ ܬ ܰܒ ܬܬ ܰܥܝܢ ݂ܶ ܬܟܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܩ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܛ‬

‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܽܩܘܡܝ ܰܫ ܰܒܚ ܝ ܒܺܠܽ ܳܝܐ ܬ ݂ܶܒܪܝܫ ܰܡܛܪܬܐ‪ :‬ܐ ܽܫ ܬܘܕܝ ܐܝ ܬ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܐ ܰܦ ̈ܝ ܳܡܪܝ ܳܐ‪ :‬ܐ ܪܝܡܝ ܠ ܳܘ ܬܬܗ ܐܝ ̈ ܬ ܰܕܝܟܝ ܰܥܠ ܢܰ ܬ ̈ܦ ܳܫܽ ܬܬܐ‬ ‫ܠ ܬ ܰܟ ܬܦ ܳܢܐ ܬܒܪܝܫ ܽܟܽ ܽܗܘܢ ܽܫ ̈ܘ ݂ܶܩܐ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܰܡ ܳ ̈ܝܐ ݂ܶܠ ݂ܶܒ ܬܟܝ ܽܠ ܬ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܩܒܠ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܬܕܝ ܰ ܽܠܽܽ ̈ܘܬ ܰܕܝܟܝ‪ :‬ܕ ݂ܶܡܬܛ ܬܪܦܝܽܢ‬

Lamentations Ch.

 Yudh



The elders of the daughter of Zion sat on the ground in silence;1 they cast dust on their heads, and clothed themselves in sackcloth; the virgins of Jerusalem hung their heads2 to the ground. Kāph



My eyes grew dim with tears; my bowels were troubled; my glory3 fell to the ground, at the ruin of the daughter of my people, when the children and the infants fainted in the streets of the city. Lāmadh



They say to their mothers: Where is the grain, the wine, and the oil? as they faint like the slain4 in the streets of the city, as on their mothers’ lap(s) they pour out their hearts.5 Mim



What shall I testify for you, to whom shall I compare you, daughter of Jerusalem, to whom shall I compare6 you, who will comfort you, virgin daughter of Zion? Your breach is as wide7 as the sea, who will repair (it)?8 Nun



Your prophets prophesied to you falsehood, deception; they did not declare to you that you should repent of your sins,9 so that I might bring back your captivity; they prophesied10 false, deceptive, prophecies to you.

1

‘in silence’: lit. ‘and were silent’.

2

‘hung their heads to the ground’: lit. ‘rested their heads on the ground’.

3

‘my glory’: see Introduction. Addendum 1.

4

‘slain’: see Introduction. Addendum 1 on Lamentations 2:2.

5

‘hearts’: lit. ‘souls/lives’.

6

‘compare … compare’: two different Syriac roots.

7

‘wide’: lit. ‘great’.

8

‘who will repair (it)?’: see Introduction. Addendum 1.

9

‘you should repent of your sins’: lit. ‘concerning your sins, that you should repent’.

10

‘prophesied’1,2: lit. ‘saw’.



‫ܐܘܠܝ̈ܬܐ̈ܕܐܪܡܝܐ‬ ‫ܝ̈‬

‫‪ ‬ܝ‬

‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܰ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܝܫ ܽ‬ ‫ܫܬܩܽܘ ܰܩܫ ̈ܝܫ݂ܶܽܐ ܬܕ ܬ ܰܒܽܪ ܬܬ ܨ݂ܶܗܝܽܽܘܢ‪ܰ :‬ܐܪܡܝܽܘ ܰܥ ܬܦܽ ܳܪܐ ܬܒܪ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܽܗܘܢ‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫ܝ ܬܒܘ ܒܐܪܥܽܐ ܘ ܬ‬ ‫ܰ ̈ ܰ‬ ‫݂ܶ ݂ܶ ܰ ݂̈ܶ‬ ‫ܽ̈ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܘ ܬܐܬܟ ܬܒܢܘ ܣܩܐ‪ :‬ܣܡ ܬܟܝ ܠܪܥܐ ܪܝܫܝܗܝܢ ܒ ܬܬܘܠ ܬܬܐ ܬܕ ܐܘܪܫܠܡ‪.‬‬ ‫ܟ̈‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܐ‬

‫ܚܫ݂ܶ ̈ܟܝ ܒ ݂ܶܕ ̈ܡܥ ݂ܶܐ ܰܥ ̈ܝ ܰܢܝ ݂ܶܘܐܬ ܰܕ ܰܠܚܘ ̈ܡ ܰܥܝ‪ :‬ܐ ݂ܶܬ ܬ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܗܦܽ ܬ ܰܠ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥܽܐ ܐ ܳܝܩܽܪܝ ܰܥܽܠ ܬ ܬ ܳܒܽ ܳܪܗ‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫ܰ ܬ ܰ ܬ ܰ ݂ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܳ ݂̈ܶ ܰ ܽ ̈ ݂ܶ ܽ ̈ ݂ܶ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܝܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܕ ܬܒܪ ܬܬ ܥܡܝ‪ :‬ܟ ܬܕ ܐܬܛܪ ܬܦܘ ܛܽܝܐ ܘܝܠܽܘܬܕ ܐ ܬܒܫܘܩܝܗ ܕܩܪ ܬ‬ ‫ܠ̈‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܒ‬

‫ܥܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܚ ܳ‬ ‫݂ܶܠ ̈ܡ ܳܗ ܬܬ ܽܗܘܢ ܳܐܡܪܝܢ‪ܰ :‬ܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܪܐ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܝܟܘ ܬ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܪ ܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܫܚܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܽ ̈ ݂ܶ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܐ‪ܰ :‬ܟ ܬܕ ܐ ݂ܶ ܬܬ ݂ܶܐܫ݂ܶ ܬܕ ܢܰ ܬ ̈ܦ ܳܫ ܬܬ ܽܗܘܢ ܒ ܽܥ ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܒܐ‬ ‫ܬܒܫܘܩܝܗ ܕܩܪ ܬ‬

‫݂ܶ‬ ‫݂ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰܟܽ ܬܕ ܐܬܛ ܰܪ ܬܦܽܘ ܐܝܽ ܬ ܩܛ ̈ܝܽܶܠ‬ ‫ܬܕ݂ܶ ̈ܐܡ ܳܗ ܬܬ ܽܗܘܢ‪.‬‬

‫ܡ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܓ‬

‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܳܡ ܳܢܽܐ ܐ ݂ܶ ܰܣ ܬܗܕ݂ܶ ܬܟܽܝ ܰܘܠ ܰܡܽܢ ܐ ݂ܶ ܰܕ ݂ܶܡܽܐ ݂ܶܠ ܬܟܽܝ ܰܒܽܪܬ ܽܐܘܪ݂ܶ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܫܠܽܡ‪ܰ :‬ܡܽܢ ܐ ܰܦܚ݂ܶܽܡ ݂ܶܠ ܬܟܽܝ‬ ‫ܰܬ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܳ ܰ‬ ‫݂ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܣܓܝ ܐܝ ܬ ܝ ܰܡܐ ܬܬ ܬܒܪ ܬܟܝ ܡܢܘ ܢܣܟܘܪ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܐܒܝ ݂ܶ ܬܐܟܝ ܒ ܬܬܘܠ ܬܐ ܬܒܪ ܬܬ ܨ݂ܶܗܝܽܘܢ‪ܰ :‬ܕ ܬ‬ ‫ܢ̈‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܕ‬

‫ܰ ݂ܶ ܰ ܳ ܽ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܛܥܝ ܽܢ ܬܘܬܐ‪ :‬ܘܠ ܬܓ ܰܠܘ ݂ܶܠ ܬܟܝ‬ ‫ܬܢܒ ܰܝ ̈ܝܟܝ ܚܙܘ ܠ ܬܟܝ ܕ ܓܠ ܬܘܬܐ ܘܡ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܳ ܳ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܳ ܳ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܝ ܬܟܝ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܚܙܘ ݂ܶܠ ܬܟܝ ܬܢܒ ܰܝ ̈ܘ ܬܬܐ ܬ ܰܕ ܳܓ ̈ܠ ܬܬܐ‬ ‫ܰܕܬ ܬܬ ܬܘܒܝܢ‪ܰ .‬ܘܐܗܦ ܬ ܬ‬ ‫ܫܒ ܬ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰܥܠ ܚܛ ܰܗܝ ̈ܟܝ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ̈ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܡܛܥܝܢ ܬ‬

Lamentations Ch.

 He



The Lord was the enemy, he swallowed up Israel; he swallowed up all his palaces, destroyed his strongholds; for the daughter of Judah, he magnified1 the story2 and lamentations. Waw



He has uprooted her shelter,3 like a garden; he has ruined her festival days; the Lord has deprived4 Zion of festival days, of the Sabbath; he has rejected, in his fierce anger, the kings and the priests. Zayn



The Lord has forgotten his sanctuary, rejected his altar, delivered up the walls of her palaces into the hand(s) of the enemy: the cry that they cried5 in the house of the Lord was like that on a festival day.6 Ḥeth



The Lord purposed to throw down the walls of the daughter of Zion; he stretched out a measuring-line, he did not restrain7 his hand from her destruction; he brought grief to her armies;8 her walls (all) together were deserted. Ṭeth



Her gates sank to the ground; they destroyed, they shattered, her bars; her kings, her noblemen, (are dispersed) among the nations; there is no law; even her prophets cannot see a vision from the Lord.

1

‘magnified’: lit. ‘multiplied’.

2

‘story’ or ‘byword’: see Introduction. Addendum 2.

3

‘shelter’ or ‘tabernacle’.

4

‘deprived’: lit. ‘caused to be forgotten’.

5

‘the cry that they cried’: lit. ‘the sound they gave’.

6

‘like that on a festival day’: see Introduction. Addendum 1.

7

‘restrain’: lit. ‘turn away’ or ‘hold back’.

‘he brought grief to her armies’: lit. ‘made her armies dwell in mourning’: see Introduction. Addendum 1. 8



‫ܐܘܠܝ̈ܬܐ̈ܕܐܪܡܝܐ‬ ‫ܗ̈‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܗ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܘ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܙ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܚ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܛ‬

‫ܳ ܳ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݂ܶ ܳ ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܘܛܒܥ݂ܶܽܗ ܠ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܚܽܪ ܬܬܗ‬ ‫ܝܣܪܐܝ݂ܶܽܠ‪ :‬ܘܛ ܰܒܽܥ ܽܟܽ ݂ܶܗܝܽܢ ܣ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܳܡܪܝ ܳܐ ܐܝ ܬ ܒܥܠܕ ܬܒ ܬܒܐ‬ ‫ܽ ܳ ܽ ܳܳ ܽ ̈ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܝܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܚ ݂ܶܒܠ ܰܟܪ ܬ ܰܟܘܗܝ‪ܰ .‬ܘܐܣܓܝ ܬܒ ܬ ܰܒܪ ܬܬ ܝܗ ܬܘܕ ܐ ܬܬܘܢܝܐ ܘܐܘܠ ܬ‬ ‫ܘ‬

‫ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ܰ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܽܬܗ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܘܚ ݂ܶܒܠ ܰܥ ܬܕܥ ܬܐܕ݂ܶܝ ̈ܗ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܛܥܝ ܳܡܪܝ ܳܐ ݂ܶܡܢ ܨ݂ܶܗܝܽܽܘܢ‬ ‫ܢܬܐ ܡܛ ܬ‬ ‫ܘܥܩܪ ܐܝ ܬ ܓ ܬ‬ ‫݂ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ݂̈ܶ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܡܬܐ ܬܕ ܽܪܘܓܙ ݂ܶܗ ܰܡ ̈ܠܽ ݂ܶܟܐ ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܘܟ ̈ܗܢ‪݂ܶ.‬‬ ‫ܥ ܬܕܥܐ ܬܕ ܐ‬ ‫ܘܫܒ ܬܬܐ‪ :‬ܘܐܣܠܝ ܬܒܚ ܬ‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫ܙ‬

‫݂ܶ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܛܥܐ ܳܡܪܝ ܳܐ ܰܡܩܕܫ݂ܶܗ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܣܠܽܝ ܰܡ ܬܕܒܚ݂ܶܽܗ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܐܫܠܽܡ ܒ ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܝܽܕܐ ܰܕ ܬܒܥ ݂ܶܠܕ ܬ ܳܒ ܬ ̈ܒܽܐ ܽܫܽܘܪ ܐ‬ ‫ܳ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܝܗ ܕ ܳܡܪܝ ܳܐ ܰܐܝ ܬ ܰܕ ܬܒ ܰܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ܬܕ ܰܥ ܬܕܥܐ ܬ ܳܕ ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܚܪ ܬܬܗ‪ܳ :‬ܩܶܠ ܝ ܰܗ ܬܒܘ ܒ ܬܒ‬ ‫ܬܕܣ‬ ‫ܚ̈‬

‫ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܘܛܐ ܳܘܠ ܰܐ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܗܦܽ ܬ ܐ ܬ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܐ ݂ܶ ܬܬ ܰܚ ܰܫ ܬܒ ܳܡܪܝ ܳܐ ܰܠ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܽܕܗ‬ ‫ܡܚ ܳܒ ܽܠܘ ܽܫܘܪ ܐ ܬܕ ܬ ܰܒܪ ܬܬ ܨ݂ܶܗܝܽܘܢ‪ :‬ܐܪܡܝ ܚ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ ݂ܶ‬ ‫݂ܶܡܢ ܽܛ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪܝܗ ܰܐ ܬܟ ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܚܕܐ ܨ ܬ ܰܕܘ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܒ ܳܥܗ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܘܬ ܬܒ ݂ܶܒ ܬܐܒܶܠ ܰܚ ̈ܝ ݂ܶܠܝܗ‪ :‬ܘܫ‬ ‫ܛ̈‬

‫ܰ‬ ‫ܘܬ ܰܒ ܽܪܘ ܽܣ ܽܘܟ ݂ܶܪܝܗ‪ܰ :‬ܡ ̈ܠܽ ݂ܶܟܝܽܽܗ ܰ‬ ‫ܰܛ ܰܒܥܽܽܘ ܰܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪ ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܪܥ ܽܐ ܬ ܰܬܪܥ ݂ܶܝܽܽܗ‪ܰ :‬ܐ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܘܪܒܢ ݂ܶܝܽܽܗ‬ ‫ܘܒ ܽ ܬܕܘ‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫ܘܣܐ‪ܳ :‬ܘ ܬܐܦ ܬܢܒܝ ݂ܶ ̈ܝܗ ܳܠ ܐ ݂ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܒ ܰܥ ̈ܡ ݂ܶܡܐ‪ܰ :‬ܠܝ ܢܳ ܽܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܫܟܚܘ ܚ݂ܶ ܳܙܘܐ ݂ܶܡܢ ܳܡܪܝ ܳܐ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Lamentations Ch.



Chapter  A second.1 Ālaph 

How the Lord in his anger cast a cloud over the daughter of Zion! he cast down the glory of Israel from the heavens to the earth; in the day of his fierce anger he did not remember his footstool.2 Beth



The Lord has swallowed up without pity3 all the dwelling(s) of Jacob; he has overthrown in his anger the stronghold4 of the daughter of Judah; he has brought down to the ground her slain, her kings5 and her noblemen. Gāmal



He has hewn down in the heat of his anger the whole horn of Israel; he has withdrawn his right hand,6 from confrontation with the enemy;7 he has kindled a fire in Jacob — the flame has devoured all around.8 Dālath



Like the oppressor, he has drawn9 his bow; like the enemy, he has raised his right hand; he has slain every delight of the eyes within the tent of the daughter of Zion; he has poured out his anger like fire.

‘A second’: although this is printed in Mosul at the end of 1:22 it is surely, as in 7a1, a heading for chapter 2. 1

2

‘his footstool’: lit. ‘the footstool of his feet’.

3

‘without pity’: lit. ‘he has not pitied’.

4

‘stronghold’ or ‘walled city/fortified place’. So too v. 5.

‘he has brought down to the ground her slain, her kings’: see Introduction. Addendum 1. 5

6

‘withdrawn his right hand’: lit. ‘turned his right hand behind him’.

7

‘from confrontation with the enemy’: lit. ‘in the presence of the enemy’.

8

‘all around’: lit. ‘his hands’ – a standard idiom.

9

‘drawn’: lit. ‘filled’.



‫ܐܘܠܝ̈ܬܐ̈ܕܐܪܡܝܐ‬

‫݂ܶ‬ ‫݂ܶܩ ܬ ܰܦܶܠ ܳܘܢ‪ :‬ܒ‪.‬‬ ‫ܐ̈‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܐ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܒ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܓ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܕ‬

‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ ܰܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܽܒ ܳܡܪܝܳܽܐ ܬܒ ܽ‬ ‫ܫܡ ܳܝܽܐ ܠܪ ܳܥܽܐ‬ ‫ܘܓܽܙ ݂ܶܗ ܠ ܬ ܰܒܽܪ ܬܬ ܨ݂ܶܗܝܽܽܘܢ‪ :‬ܐܪܡܽܝ ݂ܶܡܽܢ‬ ‫ܪ‬ ‫ܥ‬ ‫ܐ‬ ‫ܐܝܟܢܐ‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫݂ܶ ܳ‬ ‫݂ܶ ܽ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܬ ܳ ݂ܶ ܰ ܽ ܳ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܡܽܬܐ‬ ‫ܬܬܫܒܘܚܬܗ ܕ ܐܝܣܪܐܝܽܠ‪ :‬ܘܠ ܐܬܕ ܬܟܽܪ ܟ ܬܘܒܫܽܐ ܬܕܪ ܬܓܠܽܘܗܝ ܒܝܘܡܽܐ ܬܕܚ ܬ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܘܓܙ ݂ܶܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܬܕܪ ܬ‬ ‫ܒ̈‬

‫݂ܶ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܰܛ ܰܒܥ ܳܡܪܝ ܳܐ ܳܘܠ ܳܚܣ ܠ ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܟܽܗ ܰܕܝܪ݂ܶܗ ܕܝ ܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܬܗ ܠ ܬ ܰܟ ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܥܩܽ ܬܘܒ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܪܟܽܐ‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫ܣܚܽ ܬܦ ܒܚܡܽ ܬ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ‬ ‫ܽ ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܘܕ ܐ‪ :‬ܐܪܡܝ ܥܠ ܐܪܥܐ ܩܛܝܠܝܗ ܡܠܽܟܝܗ ܘܪܘܪ ܬܒܢܝܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܬܕ ܬ ܰܒܪ ܬܬ ܝܗ ܬ‬ ‫ܓ̈‬

‫ܳ‬ ‫ܡܽܽܬܐ ܕ ܽܪܘܓܽܽܙ ݂ܶܗ ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܣܪܐܝ݂ܶܽܽܠ‪ܰ :‬ܐ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܟܽܽܽܗ ܰܩܪܢ݂ܶܽܽܗ ܕ ܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܗܦܽܽ ܬ ܝ ܰܡܝܢ݂ܶܽܽܗ‬ ‫ܓܽܽ ܬ ܰܕܡ ܒܚ݂ܶ ܬ ܬ‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫ܰ ݂ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܫܒܽܩ ܽܢܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪ ܐ ܬܒ ܰܝ ܽ‬ ‫ܩܕܡ ܒܥ ݂ܶܠܕ ܬ ܳܒ ܬ ܳܒܽܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܬ ܰ‬ ‫ܠ ܬ ݂ܶܒܣܬܪ݂ܶܗ ݂ܶܡܢ ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܐ‬ ‫ܥܩܽ ܬܘܒ‪ :‬ܘܫܠܽܗ ܬܒܽ ܬ‬ ‫ܐ ݂ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܟ ܬܬ ܐܝ ̈ ܬ ܰܕܘܗܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܡܶܠ ݂ܶܩܫܬܗ‬ ‫ܪ݂ܶ ܰܓ ܬܬ ܰܥ ̈ܝܢ ݂ܶܐ‬

‫ܕ̈‬

‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ ܳܽ ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܰ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܘܩܛܽܠ ܽܟܽܠ‬ ‫ܘܨ ܐ‪ :‬ܐܩܝܽܡ ܝ ܰܡܝܢ݂ܶܽܗ ܐܝܽ ܬ ܒܥ ݂ܶܠܕ ܬ ܳܒ ܬ ܳܒܽܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܐܝ ܬ ܐܠܽ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܰ ݂ܶ ܽ ݂ܶ ܰ ܰ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܘܓܙܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܬܒܡܫܟܢܐ ܬܕ ܬܒܪ ܬܬ ܨܗܝܘܢ‪ :‬ܘܐܫ ܬܕ ܐܝ ܬ ܢܘܪ ܐ ܪ ܬ‬

‫‪‬‬

Lamentations Ch.

 Shin



He heard my groans,1 that there is no-one who comforts me; all my enemies have heard (of) my trouble, they rejoiced that you have done (thus) to me: bring (on) the day that you proclaimed,2 and they will be as I am. Taw



May all their evil enter into your presence; smite them as you smote me for all my sins; for I groan constantly,3 my heart is wretched.

1

‘my groans’: lit. ‘that I groan’.

2

‘proclaimed’ or ‘invoked’.

3

‘I groan constantly’: lit. ‘many are my groans’.



‫ܐܘܠܝ̈ܬܐ̈ܕܐܪܡܝܐ‬ ‫ܫ‬

‫‪ ‬ܟܐ‬

‫ܫܡܥ ܕ ݂ܶܡܬ ܰܬ ܢ ܳܚܐ ܐ ܳܢ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܡܒ ܳܝܽ ܳܐܢ‪ܽ .‬ܟܽܽ ܽܗܘܢ ܒܥ ݂ܶܠܕ ܬ ܳܒ ܬ ܰܒܽ ̈ܝ ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܘܠܝ ܠܝ ܬ ܰ‬ ‫ܫܡܥܽܘ‬ ‫݂ܶ ܽ ܰ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ܬ ܰܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܐ ܝ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܚܕܝܘ ܰܕ ܐܢܬ ܬ ܰ‬ ‫ܗܘܘܢ ܐ ܬܟ ܳܘ ܬܬܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܩܪܝ ܘܢ‬ ‫ܥܒܕܬ ܠܝ‪ :‬ܐ‬ ‫ܒ ܬܒܝܫܬܝ܃ ܰܘ ܬ‬ ‫ܬ̈‬

‫‪ ‬ܟܒ‬

‫ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܬ ݂ܶ ܽܥܘܠ ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܩܕ ܰܡܝܽ ܰܛܽܪ݂ܶ ܬܦ ܐ ݂ܶ ܽܢܽܘܢ‪ܰ :‬ܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܟܽܗ ܒ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܫܽ ܬܘܬ ܽܗܘܢ ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܟ ܳܢܽܐ ܕܛܪ݂ܶ ܬܦܬܢ ܽܝ ܰܥܽܠ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܚܛ ܰ ̈ܗܝ‪݂ܶ :‬ܡ ܽܛܠ ܰܕܣܓ ̈ܝܝ ܬ ݂ܶܢ ܳ ̈ܚ ܬܬܝ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܘܠ ܒܝ ܳܕ ݂ܶܘܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܽܟܽ ܽܗܘܢ‬ ‫ܬ‬

‫‪‬‬

Lamentations Ch.

 ‛Ayn



I weep for these things, my eyes are full of tears;1 he has taken away from me the comforter who restores my soul; my children were sad, for the enemy prevailed. Pe



Zion spread out her hands, but there was no-one to comfort her; the Lord punished Jacob, his oppressors surrounded him; Jerusalem became an abomination among them. Ṣādhe



The Lord against whom I rebelled is righteous. All the nations heard, they saw my pain;2 my virgins, my young men, have been taken captive. Qoph



I called to my lovers, but they deceived me; my priests, my elders, perished in my midst:3 they sought food, to save their live(s),4 but they found none.5 Rish



See, Lord! I am weary, my bowels are troubled, my heart disturbed within me, for I am desperately sad:6 outside (the house), the sword has destroyed; inside the house there is death.

1

‘are full of tears’: lit. ‘flow with water’.

2

‘All the nations heard, they saw my pain’ or ‘Hear, all nations, and see my pain’.

3

‘in my midst’: see Introduction. Addendum 1.

4

‘save their live(s)’: lit. ‘restore their soul(s)’.

5

‘but they found none’ or ‘they could not’: see Introduction. Addendum 1.

‘I am weary … are troubled … disturbed … I am desperately sad (or ‘greatly embittered’)’: perfect verbs. For ‘desperately sad (or ‘greatly embittered’)’ see Introduction. Addendum 1. 6



‫ܐܘܠܝ̈ܬܐ̈ܕܐܪܡܝܐ‬ ‫ܥ̈‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܘ‬

‫ܰܥܠ ܳܗ ݂ܶܠܝܢ‬ ‫ܢܰ ܬܦܫܝ‪ܰ .‬‬ ‫ܗܘܘ‬

‫ܳܒ ܬܟ ܳܝܐ ܐ ܳܢ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܥ ̈ܝ ܰܢܝ ܰܡܪ ܕܝ ܳܢ ܰܡ ܳ ̈ܝܽܐ‪ܰ :‬ܕ ܐܪܚ݂ܶܽܩ ݂ܶܡܢ ܽܝ ܬ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܒ ܳܝܽ ܳܐܢ ܰܡ ܬܦܢ݂ܶܽܐ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܒ ܰܢ ̈ܝ ܰܫܩܡܝܢ‪݂ܶ :‬ܡܛܠ ܰܕܥܫ݂ܶܢ ܒܥ ݂ܶܠܕ ܬ ܳܒ ܬ ܳܒܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܦ̈‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܙ‬

‫ܪܣ ܬܬ ܨ݂ܶܗܝܽܘܢ ܐܝ ̈ ܬ ݂ܶܕܝܗ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܒ ܳܝܽ ܳܐܢ‪ :‬ܦ ܰܩܽ ܬܕ ܳܡܪܝܳܽܐ ܰܥܽܠ ܝ ܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܠܽܝ ܳܠ ܽܗ ܬ ܰ‬ ‫݂ܶܦ ܰ‬ ‫ܥܩܽ ܬܘܒ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܗܘܬ ܽܐܘܪ݂ܶ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܘܚ ܬܕ ܽܪܘܗܝ ܳܐ ܽܠ ܰ‬ ‫ܫܠܡ ܢ ݂ܶܕ ܬܬܐ ܬ ܰܒ ܳܝܢ ܬܬ ܽܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܨ ̈ܘܗܝ‪ ܳ :‬ܬ‬ ‫ܨ̈‬

‫‪ ‬ܝ ܚ‬

‫ܰܙ ܕܝܩ ܽܗܘ ܳܡܪܝܳܽܐ ܬܕ ݂ܶܠܽܗ ܰܡܪܡܽܪ݂ܶ ܬܬ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܫܡܥܽܘ ܽܟܽ ܬ ܽܟܽܘܢ ܰܥ ̈ܡ ݂ܶܡܽܐ ܰܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܚܽܙܘ ܟ ܬܐܒܽܝ‪:‬‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܬ ̈ܘ ܳܠ ܬܬܝ ܬܰ‬ ‫ܘܓ ܽܕ ̈ܘܬ ܰܕܝ ܐ ܰܙܠܘ ܒܫ݂ܶ ܬܒ ܳܝܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܒܬ‬ ‫ܩ̈‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܛ‬

‫݂ܶ ܽ ܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܟܽܘܢ ܝ‪ܳ :‬ܟ ̈ܗܢܰܽܝ ܰ‬ ‫ܝ ܠ ܳܪ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܩܫ ̈ܝ ܰܫܽܝ ܳܣ ܬܦܽܘ ܒ ܬܰܓܽܘ‪ܰ :‬ܕ ܬܒ ܰܥܽܘ‬ ‫ܚܡܝ ܘܗܢܽܘܢ ܢ‬ ‫ܩܪ ܬ‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܫܗܘܢ ܘܠ ܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܠ ܽܗܘܢ ݂ܶܡ ܬܐܟܘܠ ܬܐ ܬܕܢܰܦ ܽܢܘܢ ܢܰ ܬܦ ܽ‬ ‫ܫܟܚܘ‪.‬‬ ‫ܪ‬

‫‪ ‬ܟ‬

‫ܚܙܝ ܳܡܪܝ ܳܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܡܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܰܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܪܡ ܽܪܘ‬

‫ܽ‬ ‫ܕ ܳܥ ܰܩܬ ܠܝ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ̈ܡ ܰܥܝ ܐ ݂ܶܬ ܰܕ ܰܠܚܘ‪ .‬ܐ ݂ܶܬ ܬ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܗܦ ܬ ݂ܶܠ ܒܽܝ ܒ ܬܰܓܽܘܝ‪݂ܶ :‬ܡܛܽܠ‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ܰ ܰ ܬܳ ܰ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܰܡܪܡܪ ܬܬ‪ .‬ܡܢ ܠ ܬܒܪ ܐܘܒ ܬܕ ܬܬ ܚܪܒܐ‪ :‬ܬܘܕ ܬܒ ܬܒܝܐ ܡܘܬܐ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Lamentations Ch.

 Kāph



All the people groan, they seek bread: they have exchanged1 their delightful thing(s) for food, to restore the soul(s). See, Lord! look! I am despised.2 Lāmadh



Is it nothing to you, all who pass by on the way?3 Consider, see! whether there is (any) pain like my pain, which the Lord has caused 4 me: the Lord has humbled me, in the day of his fierce anger. Mim



From the height(s) he sent fire into my bones, he cast me down;5 he spread a net for my feet, he turned me back; he made me desolate,6 I am wretched always. Nun



My sins were aroused against me; by his hands, his yokes were fastened together upon my neck;7 my strength failed, the Lord delivered me up into the hand of him whose strength exceeds mine.8

XXXV

Semkath 

The Lord subdued all my mighty men in my midst; he proclaimed a festival day for me — to destroy my young men; the Lord has trodden down the virgin daughter of Judah (as one treads) a winepress.

1

‘exchanged’: lit. ‘given’.

2

‘I am despised’: perfect verb.

3

‘who pass by on the way’: lit. ‘passers of the way’.

4

‘caused’: lit. ‘done’.

5

‘he cast me down’: see Introduction. Addendum 1.

6

‘he made me desolate’: lit. ‘he made me a desolation’ or ‘he gave me to the sword’.

7

‘neck’: lit. ‘throat’.

8

‘whose strength exceeds mine’: lit. ‘that I do not find his strength’.



‫ܐܘܠܝ̈ܬܐ̈ܕܐܪܡܝܐ‬ ‫ܟ̈‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܐ‬

‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܚܡܽܐ‪ :‬ܝ ܰܗ ܬܒܽܘ ܪ݂ܶ ܰܓܽ ܬܬ ܽܗܘܢ ܒ ݂ܶܡ ܬ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܒܥ ݂ܶܝܽܢ ܰܠ ܳ‬ ‫ܟܗ ܰܥ ܳܡܐ ݂ܶܡܬ ܰܬ ܢ ܚܝܽܢ ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܟܽܘܠ ܬܐ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܠ ܰܡ ܬܦ ܳܢ ܽܝܘ ܢܰ ܬܦ ܳܫܐ‪ :‬ܚܙܝ ܳܡܪܝ ܳܐ ܽ‬ ‫ܝ ܰܙܠܝܠܽܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܚܘܪ ܰܕܗܘ ܬ‬ ‫ܠ̈‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܒ‬

‫ܰ ܰ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ ܰ ܽ ܳ ݂ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܒܽܐ ܐܝܽ ܬ ܟ ܬܐܒܽܝ‬ ‫ܘܪܚܐ‪ :‬ܐܣܬ ܰܟܘ ܘ‬ ‫ܠ ܠ ܬ ܽܟܘܢ ܽܟܠ ܥ ܬܒܪܝ ܐ‬ ‫ܝܟܬ‬ ‫ܚܽܙܘ‪ :‬ܐܢ ܐ ܬ‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ܕܚ݂ܶ ܳ ܽ‬ ‫ܥܒ ܬܕ ܠܝ ܳܡܪܝ ܳܐ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܰܕ ܬ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܓܙ ݂ܶܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫ܘܡܟ ܬ ܰܟܢ ܝ ܳܡܪܝ ܳܐ ܬܒ ܰܝ ܳ ܬ‬ ‫ܡܬܐ ܬܕܪ ܬ‬ ‫ܡ̈‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܓ‬

‫ܳ‬

‫ܰ‬ ‫ܘܡܽܐ ܰܫܽ ܰܕܪ ܽܢܽ ܳ‬ ‫݂ܶܡܽܢ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪ ܐ ܬܒ ܰܓ ܰ‬ ‫ܪܡܽܝ ܰܘܐܚܬܢ ܽܽܝ‪ :‬ܦܽ ܰܪܣ ܡܨܝܽܽܕܬܐ ܠ ݂ܶܪ ܬܓ ܰܠܽܝ‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫݂ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܪܒܐ ܬ ܽ‬ ‫ܣܬܪܝ‪ :‬ܘܝ ܰܗ ܰܒܢ ܝ ܠ ܰܚ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܟܽ ܽܝܘܡ ܳܕܘܝ ܳܐ ܐ ܳܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰܘܐܗܦ ܬ ܰܟܢ ܝ ܠ ܬܒ‬ ‫ܢ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܕ‬

‫ܳ‬ ‫ܚܛ ܰ ̈ܗܝ‪ :‬ܘܒܐܝ ̈ ܰܕܘܗܝ ܐ ݂ܶܣܬܪ݂ܶ ܓܘ ܢ ܰ‬ ‫ܐ ݂ܶܬܬܥܝܪܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܪܘܗܝ ܰܥܠ ܰܨܘܪܝ‪݂ܶ :‬ܘ ܬܐܬܟܽ ܰܪܗ‬ ‫ܥܠܝ‬ ‫ܬ ܬ‬ ‫ܳ ܬ‬ ‫ܐܝܕܐ ܬܕ ܰܡܢ ܕܠ ܰܡܨܝ ܳܐ ܐ ܳܢ ܰܚ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܐܫܠܽܡܢ ܝ ܳܡܪܝ ܳܐ ܬܒ ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܠܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰܚܝܠܝ ܰܘ‬

‫ܨܚ̈ܠܗ ̈ ̈‬ ‫ܣ̈‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܗ‬

‫ܽܪܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܟ ܬ ܰܒ ܽܫ ܽܟܽ ܽ ܽܗܘܢ ܰܥܫ ̈ܝ ܰܢ ܽܝ ܳܡܪܝ ܳܽܐ ܬܒ ܰܓ ܽܘܝ‪ :‬ܩܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܥܠ ܽܝ ܰܥ ܬܕܥ ܽܐ ܬ ܳܕ ܐ ܠ ܰܡ ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܒ ܬ ܽܕܘ‬ ‫ܰ ܽ̈ܰ ܰ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܽ ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܬ ܰܒܪ ܬܬ ܝ ܽܗ ܬܘܕ ܐ‪ܳ.‬‬ ‫ܬܓܕ ܬܘܕܝ‪ :‬ܡܥܨܪܬܐ ܬܕܫ ܡܪܝܐ ܠ ܬܒ ܬܬܘܠ‬

‫‪‬‬

Lamentations Ch.

 Waw



All her glory has gone from the daughter of Zion; her noblemen, like stags who could find no pasture, feebly fled before the persecutor.1 Zayn



Jerusalem remembered (in) the days of her servitude, her chastisement, all her delightful things which were from earlier days; when her people fell by the hand of the oppressor, when she had noone to help her; her oppressors saw her, they mocked her ruin.2 Ḥeth



Jerusalem sinned,3 therefore she became an abomination; all who had honored her despised her, for they saw her shame;4 she lamented,5 she turned away. Ṭeth



Her dishonor was in her skirts, she took no thought to6 her end; her glory was no more;7 there was no-one to comfort her — see, Lord, my servitude, for the enemy has exalted himself. Yudh



The oppressor spread out his hands over all her delightful things. I saw8 the nations who went into your sanctuary, those whom you had commanded that they should not enter your assembly.

‘feebly fled before the persecutor’: lit. ‘they went, that were without strength, before the pursuer’. 1

2

‘ruin’ or ‘wound’.

3

‘sinned’: lit. ‘sinned a sin’.

4

‘shame’ or ‘nakedness’.

5

‘she lamented’: lit. ‘also she lamented’.

6

‘took no thought to’: lit. ‘did not remember’.

7

‘was no more’: lit. ‘went down’.

8

‘I saw’: see Introduction. Addendum 1.



‫ܐܘܠܝ̈ܬܐ̈ܕܐܪܡܝܐ‬ ‫ܗ̈‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܘ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܙ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܚ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܛ‬

‫ܰ ܰ ݂ܶ ܰ ݂ܶ ܽ ܽ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܗܘܘ ܰܪܘܪ ܬ ܳܒܢ ݂ܶܝܽܗ ܰܐܝܽ ܬ ܰܐܝ̈ܽ ݂ܶܶܠ‪ܳ :‬ܘܠ ܐ ݂ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܟܗ ݂ܶ ܬܗܕ ܳܪܗ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܫܟܚܽܘ‬ ‫ܘ ܬܢܦܩ ܡܢ ܒܪ ܬܬ ܨܗܝܘܢ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܝܐ‪݂ܶ :‬ܘ ܰܐܙܠܘ ܕ ܳܠ ܰܚܝ ܶܠ ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܩܕܡ ܬܪܕ ܬܘܦܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰܡܪܥ ܬ‬ ‫ܙ̈‬

‫݂ܶ ܰ ܰ ܽ ݂ܶ ݂ܶ ܰ ̈ ܰ ܽ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܽ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܝܓܽ ܬܬܗ ܰܕ ̈ܗ ܰܘܝ‬ ‫ܐܬܕ ܬܟܪ ܬܬ ܐܘܪܫܠܡ ܝܘܡܝ ܫܘܥܒ ܬܕܗ ܘܡ‬ ‫ܪܕ ܬܘܬܗ‪ ܳ :‬ܬܘܟܽܗܝܽܢ ܪ ܬܓ ܬ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܰܩܕ ܳܡ ݂̈ܶܝܐ‪ܰ :‬ܟܕ ܬ ܰ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܢܦܠ ܰܥ ܳܡܗ ܒ ܰܝܽ ܬܕ ܐܠܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܨ ܐ ܘܠܽܝ ܠ ܽܗ ܡܥܽܕܪ ܳܢ‪:‬‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫݂ܶܡܢ ܝ ܰ ̈ܘ ܳܡ ܬ ܬ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܚ ܰܙܐ ܽܘܗ ܐ ܽܠ ̈ܘܨ݂ܶܝܗ ܰܘ ܬܓܚ݂ܶ ܬܟܘ ܰܥܠ ܬ ܬ ܳܒ ܳܪܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܚ̈‬

‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܡܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܚܛ ܬܬ ܽܐܘܪ݂ܶ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܩܪܢ ݂ܶܝܽܗ ܰܨ ܽ‬ ‫ܫܠܡ ݂ܶܡ ܽܛܠ ܳܗ ܳܢ ܳ‬ ‫ܗܘ ܬܬ ܢ ݂ܶܕ ܬܬܳܐ‪ܽ :‬ܟܽ ܽܗܘܢ ܰ‬ ‫ܥܽܪܘܗ‬ ‫ܚܛ ܳܗܐ‬ ‫ܘܪܣ ܳܝܗ‪ܳ :‬ܐ ܬܦ ܗܝ ܐ ݂ܶܬ ܰܬ ܢ ܰܚ ܬܬ‪݂ܶ :‬‬ ‫ܚܙܘ ܽܦ ܳ‬ ‫݂ܶܡ ܽܛܠ ܰܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܟ ܠ ܬ ݂ܶܒܣܬ ܳܪܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܗ ܬܦ ܰ ܬ‬ ‫ܛ̈‬

‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ ݂ܶ‬ ‫݂ܶ ܰ ݂ܶ ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܰܛ ܽܡܐܘܬܳܗ ܰܒ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܚܬܗ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܠܽܝ ܳܠ ܽܗ‬ ‫ܫܦ ̈ܘ ݂ܶܠܝܗ ܘܠ ܐܬ ܰܕ ܬܟ ܰܪ ܬܬ ܰܚ ܬܪܬܗ‪ :‬ܘܢܚܬ ܬܬ ܬܫܒ‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܬܰ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܡܒ ܳܝܐܢ‪ .‬ܚܙܝ ܡܪܝܐ ܫܘܥܒ ܬܕܝ ܕ ܐܬܬܪܝܡ ܒܥܠܕ ܬܒ ܬܒܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܝ̈‬

‫‪ ‬ܝ‬

‫ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܝ ̈ ܬ ܰܕܘܗܝ ܦ ܰܪܣ ܳܐ ܽܠ ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܽ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܝ ܰܥ ̈ܡ ݂ܶܡܽܐ ܬܕ ܰܥܠܽܘ‬ ‫ܝܓܽ ܬܬܗ‪ܰ :‬ܘܚܽܙ ܬ‬ ‫ܘܨ ܐ ܳܥܽܠ ܟܽܗܝܽܢ ܪ ܳ ܬܓ ܬ‬ ‫ܠ ܰܡܩܕ ܳܫ ܬ ܃ ܕ ܬ ܰܦ ݂ܶܩܕܬ ܕܠ ܢ ݂ܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܥܠܘܢ ܰܒ ܬܟ ܽܢܘܫܬ ܬܟ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Lamentations Ch.



Lamentations Chapter  Ālaph 

How did she sit alone,1 the city that (once) was populous with people? She became like a widow, (she who was once) populous among the nations: the foremost2 of the cities has become a vassal.3 Beth



She wept by night, her tears ran down upon her cheeks; among all her lovers, she had none to comfort her,4 all her lovers deceived her, were her enemies. Gāmal



From servitude, from cruel5 bondage, Judah has gone into captivity; she dwelt among the nations, but found no rest: all who persecuted her6 overtook her in her affliction. Dālath



The pathways of Zion are in mourning, for none comes on the festival day; all her gates are deserted, her priests lament, her virgins are humiliated: it is bitter for her. He



Her oppressors have triumphed,7 her enemies dwell in peace: for the Lord has humbled her because of the multitude of her sins; her young ones are taken captive,8 in the presence of the oppressor.

1

‘How did she sit alone’ or ‘How she sat alone’.

2

‘foremost’: lit. ‘chief’.

3

‘vassal’: lit. ‘tribute’, here ‘one who pays tribute’.

4

‘she had none to comfort her’: lit. ‘she had no comforter among all her lovers’.

5

‘cruel’: lit. ‘very great’.

6

‘all who persecuted her’: lit. ‘her persecutors’ or ‘her pursuers’.

7

‘triumphed’: lit. ‘for the head’.

8

‘taken captive’: lit. ‘gone into captivity’.



‫ܐܘܠܝ̈ܬܐ̈ܕܐܪܡܝܐ‬

‫ܽ ̈ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܐ ܬܕ݂ܶ ܰܐܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܡܝܐ‬ ‫ܐܘܠ ܬ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫݂ܶܩ ܬ ܰܦܶܠ ܳܘܢ‪ :‬ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܐ̈‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܐ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܒ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܓ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܕ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܗ‬

‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܰܣܓ ܰܝܽ ܬܐܬ ܒ ܰܥ ܳܡܽܐ‪ܳ :‬‬ ‫ܗܘ ܬܬ ܰܐܝܽ ܬ ܰܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܝ ܰܒ ܬܬ ܰܒ ܽ‬ ‫ܪܡܠܽܽܬܐ‬ ‫ܡܕܝܢܽ‬ ‫ܠܽܚܽ ܬܘܕ݂ܶܝܗ‬ ‫ܝܟ ܳܢܐ ݂ܶ ܬ‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ ܰ ̈ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܗܘ ܬܬ ܠ ܰܡ ܰܕ ܬܐܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰܣܓ ܰܝ ܬܐܬ ܒ ܰܥ ̈ܡ ݂ܶܡܐ‪ :‬ܪܝܫܐ ܬܕ ܬ‬ ‫ܡܕ ܝܢ ܬ‬ ‫ܒ̈‬

‫ܫܚ ̈ܠܝ ܰܥܽܠ ܰܦ ݂ܶܟ ̈ܝܽܗ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܘܠܽܝ ܳܠ ܽܗ ܬ ܰ‬ ‫ܟ ܒܺܠܽ ܳܝܐ ܬܘܕ݂ܶ ̈ܡܥ ݂ܶܝܗ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܒ ܳܝܽ ܳܐܢ ݂ܶܡܽܢ‬ ‫ܒܬ ܳ ܬ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܚܡܝܗ‪ܽ .‬ܟܽ ܽܗܘܢ ܳܪ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܽܟܽ ܽܗܘܢ ܳܪ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܚܡܝܗ ܰܕ ݂ܶܓܠܘ ܳܒܗ ܰܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܗܘܘ ܳܠ ܗ ܒܥ ݂ܶܠܕ ܬ ܳܒ ܬ ̈ܒܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܓ̈‬

‫ܳ‬ ‫ܘܥܒ ܬ ܳܕܐ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܘܕ ܐ ݂ܶܡܢ ܽܫ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܽܝ ܝ ܽܗ ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡܽܢ ܽܣܽ ܬܰ‬ ‫ܝ‬ ‫ܘܓ ܬܐܬ ܰܥ ܬܒܽ ܽܕ ܬܘܬܐ‪ :‬ܗܝ ݂ܶ ܬ‬ ‫ܝ ܰܒܽ ܽ ܬܬ ݂ܶܒܽ ܬ‬ ‫݂ܶܓ ܰ ܬ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܝ ܐܘܠ ܳܨ ܳܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰܥ ̈ܡ ݂ܶܡܐ‪ :‬ܘܠ ܐܫܟ ܰܚ ܬܬ ܳܠ ܗ ܢ ܳܝ ܳܚܐ‪ܽ :‬ܟܽ ܽܗܘܢ ܬܪ ܽܕ ܬܘܦܝܗ ܬܐܕ ܬ ܽܪܟܘܗ ݂ܶܒ ܬ‬ ‫ܕ̈‬

‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܐܘܪ ܳܚ ܬܬܗ ܕܨ݂ܶܗܝܽܘܢ ݂ܶܒ ܬܐܒܶܠ‪݂ܶ :‬ܡܢ ܒ ܰܠܝ ܳܕ ܬܐܬܝܢ ܠ ܰܥ ܬܕܥܐ ܬ ܳܕ ܐ‪ܽ :‬ܟܽ ܽܗܘܢ ܬܪܥ ݂ܶܝܗ ܨ ܬܕ݂ܶܝܽܢ‪:‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ ܽ̈ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܳ‬ ‫ܬܗ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܡ ̈ܟ ܬ ܳܟܢ‪ :‬ܘܗܝ ܰܡܪܝܪ ܳܠ ܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܟ ̈ܗܢ ݂ܶܝܗ ݂ܶܡܬܬ ܢ ܚܝܢ‪ :‬ܘ ܬܒ ܬܬܘܠ ܬ‬ ‫ܗ̈‬

‫ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܗܘܘ ܐ ܽܠܘܨ݂ܶܝ ̈ܗ ܠ ܪܝܫ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܬܒܥ ݂ܶܠܕ ܬ ܳܒ ܬ ݂ܶܒ ̈ܝܗ ܫܠܝܘ‪݂ܶ :‬ܡܛܠ ܕ ܳܡܪܝܳܽܐ ܰܡܟ ܬ ܳܟܽܗ ܰܥܽܠ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܩܕܡ ܳܐ ܽܠ ܳ‬ ‫ܚܛ ݂ܶܗܝ ̈ܗ‪ :‬ܘܝ ܰ ܽܠܽ ̈ ܬܘܕ݂ܶܝܗ ܐ ݂ܶ ܰܙܠܘ ܒܫ݂ܶ ܬܒ ܳܝܐ ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܽܣ ܬܰ‬ ‫ܘܨ ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܓ ܬܐܬ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܐܘ‬

‫̈ ܐ ܕܐܪ ܐ܁ ܨ ܬܐ ܕܐܪ ܐ܁ ܐܓ ܬܐ ܕܐܪ ܐ܁‬ ‫ܐܓ ܬܐ ܕܒ ܘܟ‬

‫ܬܕܐ‬ ‫ܘܪܬ ܒ ܐܘ ̈ ܐ ܕܐܪ ܐ ܒ ܐ܁ ܘܨ ܬܗ ܕܐܪ ܐ܁‬ ‫ܒܐ ܗ‬ ‫ܐ‬ ‫ܐ ܕ‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫ܐ‬ ‫ܘܐܓ ܬܐ ܕܐܪ ܐ܁ ܘܐܓ ܬܐ ܕܒ ܘܟ‬ ‫݀‬ ‫ܨܘܪܬ ܒ ܗܕܐ‬ ‫ܐ‪ .‬ܐܬ‬ ‫ܒ ܬܐ ܐ ܓ‬ ‫ܐ܆‬ ‫݀‬ ‫ܕܘ ܐܬ‬ ‫ܝ‬ ‫ܨ ܐ܇ ܕܒ‬ ‫ܐ‬ ‫̇‬ ‫ܐ‬ ‫ـ ܐ ܐ܇ ܒ ܪ ܐ ܕ‬ ‫ܐ‬ ‫ܐ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܝ ܪܘ ܐ ܘ ܐ ܓ ܐ ܆ ܘ ܐ ܕ ܒ ܐ‬ ‫ܒ ܐ܆ ܘܐܘ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܕ ‪.‬‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܐ‪ .‬ܘܐ‬ ‫ܐ‬ ‫ܘܪܬ ܒ ܨ ܐ‬ ‫ܕ‬ ‫ܐ ܨ ܐ‬ ‫̈ ܐ ܒ ܐ ܒ ܐ܇ ܗܪ ܐ ܘܬ ܇ ܒ‬ ‫ܕܐ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܐ‬ ‫ܐ ܕܒ‬ ‫ܥ ܕ ܓܐܐ ܕܗ‬ ‫ܐ‪ .‬ܘܙܕܩ‬ ‫ܐ‬ ‫ܘ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܘܬ ܐܬܘܬܐ‬ ‫ܬ ܐܘ‬ ‫ܐ ܕ‬ ‫ܘ ܒ‬ ‫ܨ ܐ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܐ ܐ ܢ ܘ ܐ‪ .‬ܪܐ‬ ‫ܘܬ‬ ‫ܬ ܐܘ‬ ‫ܒ ܘ ̈ ܐ ܐ ܢ܆ ܘܕ‬ ‫ܒܓܒܐ ܐ ܓ ܐ‪ .‬ܘܐܦ ܙܕܩ‬ ‫ܕ ܐ ‪XXXI‬‬ ‫ܐ‬ ‫ܕܗ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܬܐ ܪ ܐ‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫ܒ‬ ‫ܐ ܕܐܪ ܐ ܒ ܐ‬ ‫ܥ ܕܐܘ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܐ ܕܨ ܐ‬ ‫ܗܝ‬ ‫ܐ ܕܐܪ ܐ ܒ ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܐ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܐ‬ ‫ܐܒ‬ ‫ܐܐ‬ ‫ܕܒ ܐ ܐ ܢ܆ ܘܒ ܬܐ ܕܐܘ‬ ‫ܐ‬ ‫ܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܕܐܪ ܐ ܒ ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܒ ܐ ܕ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܪ ܐ‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫ܘܪܬ ܒ‬ ‫ܘܬܪ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܺܓ ̱ ) ܨܘ ܐ ܓ ܒ ܐ‬ ‫ܐ ‪ :‬ܒ )ܗ (‬ ‫ܪܕ ܐ‪ .‬ܐ ܐ‬ ‫ܐ ) ܝ‬ ‫ܐ ܘܗܝ‬ ‫ܬܐ‬ ‫ܓ ܐ‬ ‫ܓ ܐ ܐ( ܘ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܪܫ ) ܝ ܐܓ ܬܐ ܕܒ ܘܟ ܕܬܪܬ‬ ‫ܐܘ ̈ ܐ ܐ‪ .( :‬ܘ ܒ ܪ‬ ‫ܗ‪:‬ܒ( ܘ ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ـ ܐ ܐ ܪܐܘܣ‬ ‫ܒ‬ ‫ܒ ܒ ܬܐ‬ ‫ܐ ܕ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܐ‬ ‫ܐ‬ ‫ܐ‪ .‬ܘ‬ ‫ܐ‬ ‫ܐ‬ ‫ܘܕܘ ܐ ܘ ܪ ܕ ܪܘ ܒ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܬܘܕ ܕ ̈ ܀ ܐ ܘܐ ܀‬ ‫ܬܐ ܆ ܓ ܐ ܒ ܡ‬ ‫ܘܒ ܐ ܕܙ‬ ‫ܐܙ‬ ‫ܓ ܪܓ ܒ ܐ ܢ ܕܒ‬ ‫ܒܐ‬ ‫ܕ ܐ‬

‫ܗ‬

‫ܙܕ ̈ ܐ‬

‫܀‬

‫ܨܘܪܬ‬ ‫ܐ‬

‫ܐ‬

‫ܐܘ‬

‫ܐ‬

‫ܒ‬ ‫ܒ ܬܐ ܐ ܓ‬

‫ܐ‬

‫̈ ܐ ܕܐܪ ܐ܁ ܨ ܬܐ ܕܐܪ ܐ܁ ܐܓ ܬܐ ܕܐܪ ܐ܁‬ ‫ܐܓ ܬܐ ܕܒ ܘܟ‬ ‫ܨܘܪܬ‬

‫ܓ ܪܓ ܒ ܐ‬ ‫ܕ ܐ‬

‫ܒ‬

‫ܪܐ‬

‫ܢ ܕܒ‬ ‫ܒܐ‬

‫ܒ ܬܐ ܐ ܓ‬

‫ܐܙ‬

‫ܡ‬ ‫ܒ‬ ‫ܓ ܪܓ ܐܣ ܣ‬

‫ܔ ܐܢ ܓ ܒ ܓ‬ ‫ܕܘ ܐ ܡ‪ .‬ܘ ܪ‬

‫ܨܘܪܬ‬

‫ܒ‬

‫̈‬

‫ܓ ܪܓ ܒ ܐ‬

‫ܢ ܕܒ‬

‫ܐܙ‬

‫ܐ ܪܐܘܣ ܒ ܘ‬

‫ܪ ܕܒ‬

‫݁‬

‫ܨܘܪܬ‬ ‫ܐ‬

‫ܐ‬

‫ܐܘ‬

‫ܐ‬

‫ܒ‬ ‫ܒ ܬܐ ܐ ܓ‬

‫̈ ܐ ܕܐܪ ܐ܁ ܨ ܬܐ ܕܐܪ ܐ܁ ܐܓ ܬܐ ܕܐܪ ܐ܁‬ ‫ܐܓ ܬܐ ܕܒ ܘܟ‬

‫ܐ‬