Praepositini Cancellarii de Sacramentis et de Novissimis [Summae Theologicae Pars Quarta]: A Critical Text and Introduction

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COLLEOTIO

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TEXTUS

URBANIAN A

SERIES III _________

AC DOCUMENTA 7

DANIEL EDWARD PILARCZYK, S.T.D., Ph. L. Priest of the Archdiocese of Cincinnati

Praepositini Cancellarii de Sacramentis et de Novissimis ISummae Theologicae Pars Ouarta) A Critical Text and Introduction

EDITIONES URBANIANAE ROMAE 1964

NIHIL 0BSTAT

Romae, die 13 Junii, 1962

JoANNEs \·rssER.

C.SS.R.

Decanus Facultatis Theologicae, Pont. Uni-

versitatis Urbanianae de Propaganda Fide.

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t s.

IMPRIMATUR Ex Vicariatu Urbis, die 6 Julii, 1962

t

L.

t s.

Ar.oys1us CARDI"1AL!~ l'rnt:icarius

PREFACE

The last forty years have seen an ever increasing penetration of the vast theological tradition that precedes the thirteenth century. As the great teachers of scholasticism such as Thomas Aquinas, Albert the Great, Bonaventure, and Scotus, become better known, it becomes more and more necessary to become aware of the theological atmosphere in which they moved. What books did they read? Whence came the opinions that held sway in their age? Who were the masters that they revered? What was common theological property at the time? It is only bu an au;areness of what has gone before that we can attain a valid apprecietion of the contribution of these great authors to Catholic theological capital. The study of the twelfth century will enable Wi to see the thirteenth in its true perspective. Prepositinus, Chancellor of the University of Paris, was one of the brighter lights at the end of the twelfth century. An authority both in theology and in liturgical matters, his works were read and copied until the fifteenth century. He is cited by name by William of Auxerre, Albert the Great, Bonaventure and Thomas Aquinas, one of the few men of his time to be accorded this distinction. His activity included legal affairs, having acted as fudge delegate for the Pope himself on several occasions. As time passed, however, his activity was forgotten, his contributions to theology were accepted without curiosity as part of Catholic tradition, his errors were forgiven. The modern renaissance of medieval studies saw several attempts at resurrecting Prepositinus, the most noteworthy being that of Msgr. George Lacombe. Each of these attempts made some contribution to what was known about him and his works, but none of them was fully successful. The edition of his works has been fragmentary, limited for the most part to citations from two manuscripts i'n Msgr. Landgraf' s Dogmengeschichte. The present dissertation begins with a summary exposition of the life and works of Prepositinus. It then proceeds to the examination of his Summa. This is apparently the first extended study of iii

the manuscript tradition of Prepositinus' Summa Theologica. It starts with the guesses and suspicions of scholars of former times, and ends with what is hoped to be a scientific answer to their questions. The purpose of this thesis, then, is to show the relationship of the various exemplars that remain of the Summa and to present, on the basis of these findings, a critical albeit partial edition of the work. The present work is without doubt imperfect. Yet it does offer something that was wanting in the scientific world, namely a reliable text of at least a part of Prepositinus' Summa. If it serves as a starting point for other studies or as an inducement to a fuller edition of the works of Prepositinus, the editor's labors will not have been in vain. I wish to offer my sincere gratitude to all those who have aided in the preparation and publication of this work. Its publication is due to the interest and assistance of His Eminence, Gregory Peter XV Cardinal Agagianian, Prefect of the Sacred Congregation "de Propaganda Fide"; of the Most Reverend Karl ]. .\lter, Archbishop of Cincinnati; and of the Right Reverend j\J on signor Salvator Garofalo, Rector of Propaganda University. To them I respectfully offer "thanks, and thanks, and ever thanks:· Se.rt I express mu appreciation to the professors of this University, and in particular to Monsignor Robert Masi who inspired this dissertation and who aided its completion by his encouragement and criticism. I acknowledge also the immense debt of gratitude which I owe to my superiors and colleagues at the Pontifical Urban College. One last word of thanks is due to Mr. Michael Denny Beatty. 1cl10se patience and skill have brought these pages to their present state. To all these may He grant His blessing "q11i venturus est ;udirarr dvns et mortuos et seculum per ignem".

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

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Preface Table of Contents Abbreviations

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PART I: INTRODUCTION CHAPTER I : CHAPTER II: ART. 1. ART. 2. CHAPTER III: ART. 1. ART. 2. ART. 3. ART. 4. ART. 5. Bibliography

Life Works Authentic Works Spurious and doubtfully authentic works The Summa Theologica The date and place of origin of the work as a whole The manuscripts of Book IV The relationship of the manuscripts The present edition The rubrics

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[l] [5] [5] [6] [9] [9] [11] [16] [29] [301

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PART II: TEXT The Old Law : its efficacy and reward From the Old Law to the New Baptism Confirmation Penance Eucharist Holy Orders ~atrimony

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Extreme Unction The Last Things

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l 16 19 44 45 74 93 99 113 114

TABLE OF ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THE INTRODUCTION AND IN THE TEXT.

rorr. OTC del. FB om. PL

Q

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corrigens. Dictionnaire de Theologie Catholique, Paris, 1909-1950. delet. Friedburg, Aem., Corpus Juris Canonici, Leipzig, 1877-1881. omittit. omittunt. Migne; J.M., Patrologiae Cursus Completus, Series Latina, Paris, 1844-1855. :'etrus Lombardus, Libri Quatuor Sententiarum, Quaracchi, 1916. adiungit. prima manus per oppositionem ad secundam. secunda manus per oppositionem ad primam. ordinem invertit.

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PART I: INTRODUCTION

I

CHAPTER

LIFE

1

Prepositinus is one of those men whose lives are known only through their works. His person remains a mystery. His Christian name is not known. The catalogue of the College of Navarre indicates that one manuscript called him « Guglielmus Praerpositinus » 2 • Perhaps the diminutive indicates a short stature or a provostship held in some cathedral chapter of minor importance. His place of origin is likewise obscure. Four Codices call him « Cremonensis » 3 ; codex Q32 sup. of the Ambrosian implies that he is from Bergamo. Aubry of Trois-Fontaines 4 calls him « natione lombardus ». Given our ignorance of his name and origin, the date of his birth is likewise impossible to establish by direct evidence. In 120.3 Innocent III calls him « senex ». Since Innocent himself at this time was owr forty years old, Lacombe concludes that Prepositinus. must haw been at least sixty, hence born about 1140. This inference is confirmed by the statement of Otto of St. Blaise 5 that he flourished around 1194. a contemporary of Peter Cantor and Alan of Lille. His works indicate that he studied the trivium and the quadrivium and that he studied theology, probably at Paris 5 bis. His

1 The information upon which this chapter is based is taken from G. LACOMBE, La Vie et les Oeuvres de Prevostin, Kain, 1927. 2 Cf. Revue des Bibliotheques, t. XI, p. 370. 3 Oxford University Coll., 61; British Museum Harleian 3596; Assisi 55; Vat. Ottob. lat. 601. 4 M.G. SS. XXIII, 891. 5 Ibid., XX, 326. 5 bis Lacombe's assertion that Prepositinus studied under Maurice Sully (cf. op. cit., p. 8) is based on the evidence found in the Quaestiones of Bibl. Maz. 1708 which, as we shall see, are now generally considered spurious.

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activity as a judge delegate of the Pope would seem to imply a serious study of law also. Perhaps he heard Gratian at Bologna after his theology course at Paris. After leaving the university of Paris, Prepositinus spent some time trying to convert the heretical « passagii » of Northern Italy. William of Auxerre notes that Prepositinus « diu conversatus est inter eos et paucos potuit ad viam veritatis reducere » 6 • Perhaps at this period he held some benefice in Cremona which was later to give rise to the name by which he was known. About 1190 he returned to Paris to teach, as is testifVed by his presence as an honored guest at the first Mass of John of Matha on January 28, 1193 7 • As we shall see later, it was at this time that the Summa Theologica was written. ln the autumn of 1194 Prepositinus went to Mainz as scholarch. a position which seems to correspond to the modern superintendent of schools. There were five schools at Mainz at the time, and Prepositinus was respons[ble for them all insofar as he was head of the cathedral school. According to an ordinance of Bishop Conrad l, promulgated in 1190. « Magister vero scholares ipsos secnndum ecdesie honorern nutriat moribus. disdplina. scientia. victu et vestitu » 8 • The student body was composed of adult canons. clerics who lived with the canons and either paid tuition of were supported by burses, and externats. During his time as superintendent of schools. Prepositinns served as judge delegate of the Pope on two occasions. The first was a civil suit between Sictried. abbot of Pegau. and Everard, bishop of Mersbnrg. The second was a case of the attempted transfer of Conrad. bishop of Hildesheim. to the see of Wurzburg in 1200 resulting in his excommunication and privation of the see of Hildesheim 9 • Conrad was nermitted to retain the see of \Vurzburg. however 10 . , The archbishop of Mainz, Conrad. hacl g:onc on crusade in 1196. He returned in 1200 and triecl to restore order to his diocese, hut he died in October of the same vear 11 . The canons proceeded to elect Liupold. bishop of Worms .. as his successor. King Philip

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P. p. 14L 7

of

Summa Aurea. Paris, 1500. p. :52. Histoire de rorder des Trinitaires. Toulouse, 1903, t. IT.

AuxERRE,

DECLANDRES,

8 V.F. VON GuDENUS, Codex Diplomaticus exhibens anecdota ... Magunatica, Giiltingen, 1743, p. 295. 9 PoTTHAST, Reg. Rom. Pontif., 1357. 10 Ibid., 1372-1373. 11 CHRISTIANI, Chron. Magun. in M.G. SS. XXV, 246.

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of Swabia was present for the election, and three canons took advantage of his presence to contest the election. They appealed to Rome against the transfer of a bishop from one see to another, alleging at the same time that Philip had brought about the election under violence. These three canons then elected Sigfried of Eprpenstein 12 • Both sides sent procurators to Rome. Prepositinus went as procurator of the cause of the majority in favor of Liupold of Worms. Innocent III sent Giles of Palestrina as cardinal legate to Germany to investigate. ordering him to derpose Liupold if he had already taken possession of the see of Mainz, as in fact he had. The papal legate therefore installed Sigfried as archbishop of Mainz 13 • Liupold's partisans sent a messenger to Rome a'Ccusing the legate of venality. They also denied the anthentidty of the letters which confirmed Sigfried in the see 14 • The Pope answered by threatening to excommunicate the whole chapter and transfer the archiepiscopal see «ad aliquem locum in quo sint obediencie fnii » 1 ~. Prepositinus was rewarded for his support of the illegal pmtendant by a special letter from the Pope, dated the 9th of April, 1203, in which Innol'ent's displeasure is more than manifest. « Credebamns hactenus quod sapientia regnaret in senibus, et ornaret pmdentia litteratos, sed in te jam quod dolentes didicimus e contrario experimm ... Mnlte littere ad insipientiam te adducunt » 16 . Archbishop Sig:friecl was ordered to deprive Prepositinus of all his benefices unless he submitted to Rome's decision 'Yithin one month. Sinre ~ different master is in charge of Mainz's schools in December of the same vear 17 , we mnst assume either that Prepositirn1s was deprivrfl of his offic·e or that he resigned it and returned to Paris. This last hypothesis is more probable since we find him fater on as pcipal judge rlelegate once more 18 • At the beginning of 1206 Prepositinus w::is anpointed rh::inf'Pllor of the diocese of Paris, thus becoming automatirallv rhnnf'f'llor of the University 19 • The chancellor taught organized the tf'nchinr: of the other professors in alla the faculHes and conferred tlw