Innovating Strategies and Solutions for Urban Performance and Regeneration (Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation) 303098186X, 9783030981860

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Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation IEREK Interdisciplinary Series for Sustainable Development

Cristina Piselli · Haşim Altan · Osman Balaban · Peleg Kremer Editors

Innovating Strategies and Solutions for Urban Performance and Regeneration

Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation IEREK Interdisciplinary Series for Sustainable Development Editorial Board Anna Laura Pisello, Department of Engineering, University of Perugia, Italy Dean Hawkes, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK Hocine Bougdah, University for the Creative Arts, Farnham, UK Federica Rosso, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy Hassan Abdalla, University of East London, London, UK Sofia-Natalia Boemi, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece Nabil Mohareb, Faculty of Architecture - Design and Built Environment, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon Saleh Mesbah Elkaffas, Arab Academy for Science, Technology, Egypt Emmanuel Bozonnet, University of la Rochelle, La Rochelle, France Gloria Pignatta, University of Perugia, Italy Yasser Mahgoub, Qatar University, Qatar Luciano De Bonis, University of Molise, Italy Stella Kostopoulou, Regional and Tourism Development, University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece Biswajeet Pradhan, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia Md. Abdul Mannan, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Malaysia Chaham Alalouch, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman Iman O. Gawad, Helwan University, Egypt Anand Nayyar

, Graduate School, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam

Series Editor Mourad Amer, International Experts for Research Enrichment and Knowledge Exchange (IEREK), Cairo, Egypt

Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation (ASTI) is a series of peer-reviewed books based on important emerging research that redefines the current disciplinary boundaries in science, technology and innovation (STI) in order to develop integrated concepts for sustainable development. It not only discusses the progress made towards securing more resources, allocating smarter solutions, and rebalancing the relationship between nature and people, but also provides in-depth insights from comprehensive research that addresses the 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs) as set out by the UN for 2030. The series draws on the best research papers from various IEREK and other international conferences to promote the creation and development of viable solutions for a sustainable future and a positive societal transformation with the help of integrated and innovative science-based approaches. Including interdisciplinary contributions, it presents innovative approaches and highlights how they can best support both economic and sustainable development, through better use of data, more effective institutions, and global, local and individual action, for the welfare of all societies. The series particularly features conceptual and empirical contributions from various interrelated fields of science, technology and innovation, with an emphasis on digital transformation, that focus on providing practical solutions to ensure food, water and energy security to achieve the SDGs. It also presents new case studies offering concrete examples of how to resolve sustainable urbanization and environmental issues in different regions of the world. The series is intended for professionals in research and teaching, consultancies and industry, and government and international organizations. Published in collaboration with IEREK, the Springer ASTI series will acquaint readers with essential new studies in STI for sustainable development. ASTI series has now been accepted for Scopus (September 2020). All content published in this series will start appearing on the Scopus site in early 2021.

More information about this series at https://link.springer.com/bookseries/15883

Cristina Piselli • Haşim Altan • Osman Balaban • Peleg Kremer Editors

Innovating Strategies and Solutions for Urban Performance and Regeneration A culmination of selected research papers from the Second version of the international conference on Urban Regeneration and Sustainability (URS) held in collaboration with University of East London, UK (2020).

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Editors Cristina Piselli Department of Architecture (DIDA) University of Florence Florence, Italy Osman Balaban Department of City and Regional Planning Middle East Technical University Ankara, Turkey

Haşim Altan Department of Architecture Faculty of Design Arkin University of Creative Arts and Design (ARUCAD) Kyrenia, Cyprus Peleg Kremer Department of Geography and the Environment Villanova University Villanova, PA, USA

ISSN 2522-8714 ISSN 2522-8722 (electronic) Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation IEREK Interdisciplinary Series for Sustainable Development ISBN 978-3-030-98186-0 ISBN 978-3-030-98187-7 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98187-7 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022, corrected publication 2022 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Max Timms This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland

Scientific Committee

Ahmed Abdel Ghaney Morsi, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt Aida Kesuma Azmin, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Anastasia Fotopoulou, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy Anita Tatti, Polytechnic University of Milan, Milan, Italy Anna Laura Pisello, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy Antonella Versaci, Kore University of Enna, Enna, Italy Benedetta Pioppi, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy Chiara Chiatti, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy Çiğdem Varol, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey Claudia Fabiani, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy Cristina Piselli, University of Florence, Florence, Italy Dimelli Despoina, Technical University of Crete (TUC), Chania, Greece Duygu Cihanger M. Ribeiro, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey Ekin Pınar, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey Fabiana Frota de Albuquerque Landi, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy Hasim Altan, Arkin University of Creative Arts and Design, Kyrenia, Cyprus Hossein Hosseiny, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri, St. Luis, MO, USA Ilaria Pigliautile, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy Ioannis Kousis, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy Kabindra Shakya, Villanova University, PA, USA Klemens Laschefski, UFMG -Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil Marta Chàfer, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain Mattia Manni, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy Michelle Johnson, USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station, Bayside, NY, USA Mona Helmy, The British University in Egypt (BUE), Cairo, Egypt Mustafa Bayırbağ, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey Nabil Mohareb, American University in Cairo, Egypt Nihan Oya Memlük Çobanoğlu, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey Nil Uzun, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey Olgu Çalışkan, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey Osman Balaban, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey Peleg Kremer, Villanova University, PA, USA Raz Godelnik, The New School, New York, NY, USA Sara Arko, IRI UL—Institute for Innovation and Development of University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia Seri Park, Villanova University, PA, USA Shrobona Karkun, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA

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Sibilla Ferroni, Polytechnic University of Milan, Milan, Italy Thilo Wellmann, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany Tolga Ünlü, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey Tunga Köroğlu, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey Wei-Ming Chen, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA

Scientific Committee

Foreword

The world is becoming predominantly urban: around 55% of the world’s total population live in cities today. This is an ongoing trend indicating that the world’s cities will accommodate larger shares of the global population in the coming decades. However, this demographic trend does not show a uniform pattern across the globe. Majority of the future urban population growth will take place in the Global South. Cities in developing countries are now the hotspots of urban growth in demographic and economic terms, involving higher potential of transformation. Increasing concentration of the global population in urban areas, especially in the Global South, comes at a significant cost. City administrations have to transform their cities in innovative ways in order not only to develop the urban infrastructure to accommodate the future population but also to renew and rehabilitate the old, decayed, or informal city quarters. Furthermore, this local transformation agenda has to respond to the constantly changing complexities of the current environmental crisis including climate change and COVID-19-like pandemics. Tackling such a multifaceted urban transition requires better urban regeneration policies and practices by relevant stakeholders, e.g., policymakers, city administrations, etc. Accordingly, in the contemporary era of urbanization, where resources are decreased and challenges are multiplied, urban regeneration initiatives should deliver multiple benefits and generate win–win situations. On the one hand, regeneration initiatives need to rehabilitate and renew existing city parts in ways to create sustainable, healthy, and equitable living environments for the entire urban community. On the other hand, urban regeneration should improve urban performance so as to make urban economies more inclusive and greener, and urban services more affordable and accessible. This is easier said than done as urban regeneration initiatives usually face serious challenges in many parts of the world. In this panorama, this book offers valuable insights into the above-mentioned debate based on a range of applications and case studies presented in key papers from the Second International Conference on Urban Regeneration and Sustainability (URS) of IEREK. Indeed, the book discusses the relevant aspects and potential solutions to manage the rapid growth of urbanization and the challenges of sustainable and effective urban regeneration. More in detail, the book is composed of three parts that progressively address the topic starting from discussions on planning, design, and management of urban regeneration, which is defined as a process and a strategy aiming to renew and transform public and private urban areas and buildings. Thereafter, established and innovative regeneration strategies to improve urban performance are presented when applied in different contexts and, therefore, tailored depending on the local contextual characteristics. Finally, the book aims at understanding and addressing the main challenges of urban regeneration towards sustainable and resilient urban development and transformation. To this aim, this volume is meant to stimulate a discussion on key questions addressing challenges to urban regeneration and performance faced by cities based on research studies and real-case applications. Given the interdisciplinarity of the debate, one of the goals of primary importance is to understand the role of community engagement towards urban regeneration and sustainability. Which are the main social, environmental, and design challenges in urban planning and regeneration? Do developing countries show peculiar needs? vii

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Foreword

Can we identify the most effective strategies and processes to improve urban performance in new and existing urban environments? Do they significantly differ depending on the context of application? We hope that the readers of this volume will find significant insights into the answers of these questions. Florence, Italy Ankara, Turkey

Cristina Piselli Osman Balaban

Introduction

With continued rapid growth of urban populations in many regions of the world, urbanization remains one of the main challenges faced by humanity today (Kuddus, 2020). Cities have been sites of major human, social, cultural, and economic development over centuries (Jacobs, 1961; McMichael, 2000). However, major challenges are still associated with the process of urbanization. These challenges include, among others, pollution (Han et al., 2018; Liang et al., 2019), inadequate infrastructure (Sohail et al., 2005), climate change (Srivastava, 2020), human health and wellbeing (McMichael, 2000), poverty and inequitable distribution of resources (Liddle, 2015), slums and squatters (Seto et al., 2013). Urban areas are constantly changing. Change is inherent to the urbanization processes, as the constant flux of people, coupled with shifting social and cultural structures, translate into a physical adaptation of the urban landscape (Rodriguez and Juaristi, 2015). This change encompasses rapid, informal, and uncontrolled urban growth such as in urban slums and squatters across the global south, as well as the decay of urban centers, and cycles of boom and bust in the suburban development across the global north. Urban regeneration is the attempt to reverse urban decline by improving the physical structure and, more importantly, the economy of those urban areas (Rosentraub, 2015). There are many faces to urban regeneration, but generally it is successful only when a holistic concept of sustainability is integrated into the approach and applications of urban renewal (Boyle et al., 2018; Zheng et al., 2016). In this book, urban regeneration is approached from a design-led and management perspective. The book provides many examples connecting the urban physical environment to the social, cultural, and economic conditions. It aims to improve our understanding of the challenges of urban regeneration in different contexts and contribute to enhancing urban regeneration programs. Chapters in this book illuminate the experiences of different localities facing current challenges due to their specific characteristics in geographic, historical legacies, environmental, economic, social, and cultural conditions. Sharing local interventions and responses to global issues such as climate change, urbanization, pollution will support the development of a connected global-regional-local understanding of sustainable urban regeneration. This book is divided into three parts. The first part focuses on urban regeneration from a design-led and management perspective. The second part introduces strategies to improve urban performance and the third part focuses on understanding the challenges of urban regeneration. In detail, the first part addresses questions of “Design-Led Urban Regeneration and Management” and contains 7 chapters. The first four chapters present different approaches to urban design and regeneration through a series of local case studies. Chapter “Reconstruction of Resettlement Community from the Perspective of Rural Memory—A Case Study of Chun Xin Yuan in Shanghai” uses the theory of rural memory to propose strategies of community renewal and transformation for resettlement communities in China that are the product of rapid urbanization. Chapter “Temporary Urbanism and Community Engagement: A Case Study of Piazza Scaravilli in Bologna” explores the concept of temporary urbanism and the design of temporary interventions in unused urban spaces. Using a temporary installation at Piazza Scaravilli in Bologna, Italy, the authors examine its social impact through spatial, temporal, economic, and cultural contexts, and the possible solutions that temporary urbanism can ix

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provide for unused spaces. Chapter “Urban Circularity: City Planning Perspectives from the Regeneration of Amsterdam’s Buiksloterham District” connects urban planning and design with the concept of the circular economy. Examining one of Amsterdam’s post-industrial districts that is undergoing a transformation into a living example of a Circular City, the authors illuminate the intrinsic links between the organisation of urban resource flows and the production of space, and demonstrate how integrating circular economy principles into city planning requires behavioural adaptation and new technological systems. Chapter “Reinventing Bilbao, the Story of the Bilbao Effect” describes the urban regeneration effort of the city of Bilbao, Spain. The authors describe the key elements of the city’s successful regeneration plan including a system-wide urban planning strategy, transportation system redesign, key infrastructure upgrades, new housing and affordable housing programs, and extensive job training programs in partnership with universities and local workers’ unions, built upon its long history of technological innovation. The city leveraged many aspects of its local culture, including social resilience and the determination of Basque people. While the first four chapters offer insights of urban redevelopment gained from observation and research of individual places, the latter three in this part address more general concepts of urban redevelopment and at a larger geographic scale. Chapter “The Waterfront Development in Europe: Between Planning and Urban Design Sustainability” centers on the redesign and regeneration of urban waterfronts across Europe. The authors use a collection of case studies of waterfront redevelopment of different types - from one-off sustainability projects to overhaul of urban transportation plans - to demonstrate that sustainable urban policies play a key role in regeneration, renewal, and innovation of urban natural infrastructure. Chapter “TransitOriented Development as a Tool of Urban Transformation Addressed at Urban Regeneration Processes” investigates the concept of mixed land use as a method to achieve vibrant, well connected, and sustainable urban patterns, and the relationship between transit-oriented development and regeneration through mixed land use development. Evaluating the European program “City Life”, the authors use a multi-method approach to assess important aspects of mixed-use design and propose ways to enhance aspects of mixed-use urban redevelopment. In Chapter “The Concept of “Smart Density Planning” Principles for Livable and Sustainable Urban Transformation”, the authors contrast the concept of “smart city” with a proposal for “smart density planning” to rethink urban transformations in terms of socio-spatial quality of life for inhabitants. Using the case of redevelopment of squatter developments in Turkey, the authors develop a framework of principles and indicators to assess “smart density planning” to support sustainable and livable urban transformation implementations. The second part discusses potential strategies for urban performance improvement; thus, it has been given the title “Strategies to Improve Urban Performance” more generally, and consists of 8 chapters. The chapters in this part present several approaches to evaluating urban performance demonstrated through a series of local case studies in different contexts. Chapter “Livable Streets Determinants in Egypt: A Study on Streets’ Physical Attributes in New Urban Communities” addresses the most integral parts of urban landscape and transit infrastructure within cities, namely streets. Indeed, they are widely known with their significance as a medium for urban transit and commute as well as part of the public realm where people usually gather to fulfill their social needs and aspirations. This chapter examines people's understanding of the physical attributes of Egypt’s streetscapes by reviewing literature from 1980 to 2020 urban space architecture with the aim to explore how the provision, maintenance, and cleaning of basic facilities such as paving, roads, parking spaces, and traffic lights may affect streets’ livability. Chapter “Using Cool Coating for Pavements, Asphalt, Façades and Building Roofs in the Urban Environment to Reduce the Summer Urban Heat Effect in Giza Square, Egypt” attempts to mitigate the urban heat island (UHI) effect using an elementary sustainable thermal-insulation panel from waste resources in informal settlements of Cairo, Egypt. The majority of housing projects in hot arid regions display very poor insulation due to building materials and low heat capacities, thus significantly increasing the UHI effect unless strategies against overheating in summer and overcooling in winter are developed.

Introduction

Introduction

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Chapter “Towards Sustainability in Resettlement Plans, the Necessary Conditions and Their Interplay: The Case of Mumbai” describes the involuntary resettlement in development and infrastructure projects in Mumbai, India, while attempting to establish definite terms for sustainability of a resettlement plan where there are no well-defined units and analytical methods for impacts of resettlement on the affected families. The developing Mumbai city with fast-track involuntary resettlements is selected as a case study to demonstrate some of these issues that drastically uproot lives. Chapter “Urban Morphology, Environmental Performance and Energy Use: Holistic Transformation of Porto di Mare as Eco-District Via IMM” presents the process of local optimisation of Porto di Mare Eco-District masterplan in Milan, Italy through morphological and typological parameters to simulate alternative design scenarios and evaluate their performance using the visual programming interface of a Building Information Modeling (BIM) software. The main performance aspects considered are thermal loads of buildings, outdoor comfort, and energy use intensity. These challenges are addressed as part of this chapter with a strategy for the exploration of alternatives using existing energy modelling tools to show a replicable approach for similar problems and contexts. Chapter “Can Skopje Museums Regenerate the Social and Urban Sustainability, Through “Social Friday Activity”?” focuses on the possibilities of revitalizing museums through social activities where the social, cultural, historical, arts and crafts, distinctive transformation, and occupation potential of the museums enable the variety of activities working as a catalyst for sustainable regeneration. By categorizing and prioritizing problems, based on opportunities and means of interventions, a way to globalization exists in a context as a linear process of local and global development, and interaction in every sphere raising awareness of “the back to the local community” creating sociality and urban sustainability. Chapter “Elementary Waste Insulation Panels in Hot Arid Regions” investigates whether locally available waste materials could be used to build reliable and replicable exterior retrofit insulation panels with focus on the panels’ low thermal conductivity capabilities, cost effectiveness, ease of construction, buildability and acceptability by the locals, and capacity to fulfill a circular economy model. Chapter “Comparative Review of Different Rating Systems Approach and Responses to Pandemic Situations” presents a comparative review of different rating systems’ responses and approaches to pandemic situations to spot the shortcomings of the current sustainability rating systems in terms of protection against pandemics in the built environment. Six of the widely used rating systems have been studied to show the common aspects of a sustainable built environment and the credits/criteria aligned with COVID-19 protection precautions. Chapter “Multiplying Effects of Urban Innovation Districts. Geospatial Analysis Framework for Evaluating Innovation Performance Within Urban Environments” presents a novel database and analytical methodology to measure and describe the nonlinear benefits of geographic aggregation of knowledge-intensive activities within urban environments. The authors applied to the study of 50 notable innovation districts to benchmark them against a baseline of all districts in the United States. The analytical framework can then be applied to any geographical area to evaluate the economic performance of knowledge-intensive activities within urban environments. The work expands on general knowledge of how cities operate as complex systems and how they shape the collective knowhow of urban communities. The third part, “Understanding Challenges of Urban Regeneration”, consists of 8 chapters focusing on urban sustainability challenges in different contexts. In this part, we included many case studies at different scales - from individual spaces, e.g., cemeteries, brownfields and university campuses, to neighborhoods, cities, and countries. These case studies touch on the relationship between urban environmental, social, and ecological challenges and the planning and design processes. In Chapter “Examination of the Population Density Impact on Major Air Pollutants: A Study in the Case of Germany”, the authors examine the distribution of NO2 and SO2 air pollutants at the country-wide scale using Sentinel 5 remote images. They compute the relationship between population density and air pollution concentrations in Germany. Chapter

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“A Comparison Between Italian and French Case Studies on Urban Regeneration” explores urban regeneration of some of the most problematic sites in urban areas, namely the brownfields. The chapter examines recently completed restoration projects in two types of brownfields in Italy and France. Using a socio-economic framework, the chapter highlights issues and strategies for sustainable urban regeneration and puts these spaces of decline at the centre of the future city. Chapter “Relevance of Urban Ecosystem Services for Sustaining Urban Ecology in Cities-A Case Study of Ahmedabad City” investigates the challenges related to urban expansion in the case of the rapidly growing metropolitan city of Ahmedabad, India. In this chapter authors connect long term survey and satellite imagery to determine the relationship between ecological concern, environmental degradation, and land use and cover change over a temporal scale of 25 years. Therefore, they formulate suggestions for a future policy framework for a city development plan. Chapter “Increase in Neighborhood Development and Urban Water Erosion in Tropical Cities from Central Brazil: The Case of Goiânia, Goiás” describes the interaction between water erosion processes and urban planning or lack thereof. Using the example of Goiânia, Goiás in Brazil, the authors demonstrate how lack of urban planning allowed for a social-environmental collision between the natural process of water-driven urban erosion and uncontrolled urban settlement. Chapter “The Dimension of Urban Morphology on Placemaking Theory: A Comparative Typomorphological Analysis of a Self-built Neighbourhood and Its Regeneration Project in Ankara” focuses on the morphology and typology of urban informal settlement in one neighborhood in Ankara, Turkey. The authors argue that self-organizing urbanity has distinguishable and recognizable design quality and the destruction of existing spatial patterns through regeneration projects can result in the loss of urban identity and environmental quality. The final three chapters in the book address specific spaces within the urban fabric of unique importance and potential contribution in processes of urban regeneration. Chapter “Research on the Relationship Between Informal Learning and the Regeneration of Public Spaces on Chinese University Campuses: Taking Xian Jiaotong-Liverpool University as an Example” explores the relationship between informal learning in higher education and the use of public space to support and enhance the wellbeing of university students. The authors suggest that regeneration of public space can be important to different forms of informal learning. Chapter “Flora of Archaeological Landscape: Case Study of Arslantepe Mound and Its Territory” plays a key role in understanding archaeological landscapes. Floristic studies provide important information for archaeological research, for understanding the diet of societies and for determining agricultural activities of the periods. With the data obtained as a result of archaeobotanical studies in recent years, important findings regarding the general flora character of archaeological landscapes have been reached. In Chapter “Disused Urban Cemeteries: Unearthing User Experiences of Abney Park Cemetery”, the authors similarly argue that disused urban cemeteries are an important and understudied urban green and open space. Using London’s Abney Park Cemetery, UK, as case study, the authors assess the perception of users and find it highly valued as a place of respite and recreation. In all of these cases, deeper and more direct integration with urban planning for regeneration is needed. The topics addressed in this book are interrelated and contribute to the understanding of urban regeneration and performance. Taken together, the chapters in this book suggest important relationships between urban planning and design, and success of sustainable urban regeneration programs, as follows: – Proposing strategies for sustainable transformation of resettled communities for rapid urbanization. Multiple chapters emphasize and demonstrate the importance of the concept of temporary urbanism and the design of temporary interventions in unused urban spaces for enhancing social impact through spatial, temporal, economic and cultural contexts. Temporary urbanism offers agile and innovative urban interventions that can connect urban

Introduction

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planning and design with different aspects of urban sustainability through experimentation and ongoing learning. The process of local optimization-master planning with morphological and typological parameters to simulate alternative design scenarios and evaluate urban performance using the visual programming interface of building information modelling. There are many urban spaces that provide opportunities for recreation, respite, and support to human wellbeing that are “hidden” or reside outside the scope of what is usually defined as urban green and open spaces, but still serve critical functions for urban residents. Many chapters in this book address such areas - unused urban cemeteries, abandoned docks and industrial areas, urban archeological sites. Conceptualizing such sites as part of the urban green space network, and developing specific interventions for temporary or long-term public use of such sites offers ways to expand sustainable urban land uses while preserving important social and cultural spaces. Aspects of urban sustainability are inherently linked and required for successful urban regeneration. When developing strategies for future cities, regeneration strategies cannot ignore social, economic, and environmental aspects of urban development. Generating more coherent frameworks for urban planning and design work on urban regeneration will allow for careful consideration of the sustainability of programs and interventions. Urban expansion in rapidly growing metropolitan areas, particularly in the developing world, presents unique challenges for urban regeneration that require careful and nuanced strategies. Urban informal settlements house some of the most vulnerable human populations on earth. Their physical structure and infrastructure hold an inherent logic that allows for a delicate balance of complex urban life. Interventions in these spaces should take into account the needs and perceptions of residents and attentively preserve the spaces and networks that provide structural support for communities in these spaces. Connecting long term survey and satellite imagery to determine the relationship between ecological concern, environmental degradation, land use and land cover change through modelling for a future policy framework for a city development and planning.

Different studies compiled in this book provide references for developing innovative strategies and solutions for urban performance and regeneration in different contexts around the world. Besides, this book could become a milestone for building better future and livable cities. Kyrenia, Cyprus Villanova, USA

Haşim Altan Peleg Kremer

References Boyle, L., Michell, K., & Viruly, F. (2018). A critique of the application of neighborhood sustainability assessment tools in urban regeneration. Sustainability, 10(4), 1005. Han, L., Zhou, W., Li, W., & Qian, Y. (2018). Urbanization strategy and environmental changes: An insight with relationship between population change and fine particulate pollution. Science of the total environment, 642, 789–799. Jacobs, J. (1961). The death and life of great American cities. Vintage. Kuddus, M. A., Tynan, E., & McBryde, E. (2020). Urbanization: a problem for the rich and the poor?. Public health reviews, 41(1), 1–4. Liang, W., & Yang, M. (2019). Urbanization, economic growth and environmental pollution: Evidence from China. Sustainable Computing: Informatics and Systems, 21, 1–9. Liddle, B. (2017). Urbanization and inequality/poverty. Urban Science, 1(4), 35. McMichael, A. J. (2000). The urban environment and health in a world of increasing globalization: issues for developing countries. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 78, 1117–1126. Rosentraub, M. S. (2015). Reversing Urban Decline, Why and How Sports, Entertainment, and Culture Turn Cities into Major League Winners, 2nd Edition, Routledge.

xiv Zheng, H. W., Shen, G. Q. P., Song, Y., Sun, B., Hong, J., (2016). Neighborhood Sustainability in Urban Renewal: An Assessment Framework. Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science, https://doi.org/10.1177/0265813516655547 Rodriguez, A., Juaristi, J. (2015). Transforming Cities: Opportunities and Challenges of Urban Regeneration in the Basque Country, Center for Basque Studies. Seto, K. C., Parnell, S., & Elmqvist, T. (2013). A global outlook on urbanization. In Urbanization, biodiversity and ecosystem services: Challenges and opportunities (pp. 1–12). Dordrecht: Springer. Sohail, M., Cavill, S., & Cotton, A. P. (2005). Sustainable operation and maintenance of urban infrastructure: Myth or reality?. Journal of urban planning and development, 131(1), 39–49. Srivastava, R. K. (2020). Urbanization-Led Neo Risks and Vulnerabilities: A New Challenge. In Managing Urbanization, Climate Change and Disasters in South Asia (pp. 251–296). Singapore: Springer.

Introduction

Acknowledgments

We would like to thank the authors of the research papers that were selected for addition in this book. We would also like to thank the reviewers who contributed with their knowledge and constructive feedback in hopes of ensuring the manuscript is of the best quality possible. A special thanks goes to the editors of this book for their foresight in organizing this volume and diligence in doing a professional job in editing it. Finally, we would like to express our appreciation to the IEREK team for supporting the publication of the best research papers submitted to the conference.

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Contents

Design-Led Urban Regeneration and Management Reconstruction of Resettlement Community from the Perspective of Rural Memory—A Case Study of Chun Xin Yuan in Shanghai . . . . . . . . . . . . Xi Chen, Yan Hua, and Jun Wang

3

Temporary Urbanism and Community Engagement: A Case Study of Piazza Scaravilli in Bologna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Yreilyn Cartagena

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Urban Circularity: City Planning Perspectives from the Regeneration of Amsterdam’s Buiksloterham District . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Georg Hubmann, Theresa Lohse, and Jonas Plenge

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Reinventing Bilbao, the Story of the Bilbao Effect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Marc Wouters

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The Waterfront Development in Europe: Between Planning and Urban Design Sustainability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Donatella Cialdea and Chiara Pompei

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Transit-Oriented Development as a Tool of Urban Transformation Addressed at Urban Regeneration Processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cristina I. Covelli

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The Concept of “Smart Density Planning” Principles for Livable and Sustainable Urban Transformation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hatice Kalfaoglu Hatipoglu and Seher B. Mahmut

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Strategies to Improve Urban Performance Livable Streets Determinants in Egypt: A Study on Streets’ Physical Attributes in New Urban Communities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Aly Elkhashab

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Using Cool Coating for Pavements, Asphalt, Façades and Building Roofs in the Urban Environment to Reduce the Summer Urban Heat Effect in Giza Square, Egypt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 Ahmed Abdel Moneim Al Qattan Towards Sustainability in Resettlement Plans, the Necessary Conditions and Their Interplay: The Case of Mumbai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 Kanchan Sen Sharma

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Urban Morphology, Environmental Performance and Energy Use: Holistic Transformation of Porto di Mare as Eco-District Via IMM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 Carlo Andrea Biraghi, Tommaso Mauri, Maria Coraly Mazzucchelli, Elena Sala, Massimo Tadi, and Gabriele Masera Can Skopje Museums Regenerate the Social and Urban Sustainability, Through “Social Friday Activity”? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 Arbresha Ibrahimi Elementary Waste Insulation Panels in Hot Arid Regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 Farres Yasser Comparative Review of Different Rating Systems Approach and Responses to Pandemic Situations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 Waleed Salaheldin Hussien Multiplying Effects of Urban Innovation Districts. Geospatial Analysis Framework for Evaluating Innovation Performance Within Urban Environments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 Jeremy Burke, Ramon Gras Alomà, and Fernando Yu Understanding Challenges of Urban Regeneration Examination of the Population Density Impact on Major Air Pollutants: A Study in the Case of Germany . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211 Kamyar Fuladlu and Haşim Altan A Comparison Between Italian and French Case Studies on Urban Regeneration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 Elena Gualandi, Tiziano Innocenzi, Chiara Pompei, and Alessandro Stracqualursi Relevance of Urban Ecosystem Services for Sustaining Urban Ecology in Cities-A Case Study of Ahmedabad City . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233 Vibha Gajjar and Utpal Sharma Increase in Neighborhood Development and Urban Water Erosion in Tropical Cities from Central Brazil: The Case of Goiânia, Goiás . . . . . . . . . . . 247 Lizandra Ribeiro Cavalcante and Selma Simões de Castro The Dimension of Urban Morphology on Placemaking Theory: A Comparative Typomorphological Analysis of a Self-built Neighbourhood and Its Regeneration Project in Ankara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267 Merve Okkalı Alsavada Research on the Relationship Between Informal Learning and the Regeneration of Public Spaces on Chinese University Campuses: Taking Xian Jiaotong-Liverpool University as an Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289 Jierui Wang Flora of Archaeological Landscape: Case Study of Arslantepe Mound and Its Territory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303 Şükrü Karakuş and Aysun Tuna Disused Urban Cemeteries: Unearthing User Experiences of Abney Park Cemetery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329 Corianne Rice

Contents

Contents

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Correction to: Multiplying Effects of Urban Innovation Districts. Geospatial Analysis Framework for Evaluating Innovation Performance Within Urban Environments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jeremy Burke, Ramon Gras Alomà, and Fernando Yu

C1

Design-Led Urban Regeneration and Management

Reconstruction of Resettlement Community from the Perspective of Rural Memory—A Case Study of Chun Xin Yuan in Shanghai Xi Chen, Yan Hua, and Jun Wang

Abstract

Resettlement community is a kind of immigrant community which is a product of rapid urbanization in China. In these resettlement communities, although landless farmers live in the city, they lack community identity and sense of belonging, and still retain the rural living habits. Rural memory is the collective memory of rural culture and living habits. From the perspective of rural memory theory, this paper discusses the current situation and problems of resettlement communities in China, and the rural memory problems that need to be considered in the renewal and transformation of such communities. This paper takes Chun Xin Yuan community in Shanghai as the research object, observes the living habits and behaviors of the residents, and understands their demands on community environment and living facilities through field research and resident interviews. Then combined with the inheritance characteristics of rural memory, this paper puts forward the strategies of community renewal and transformation from four aspects on community space, life style, community management, and social culture. Through such renewal and transformation, the landless farmers can be integrated into urban life faster, and at the same time, the rural memory can be inherited.

X. Chen Urban Planner, Shanghai Greenland Group, No.700, Da Pu Rd, Shanghai, China e-mail: [email protected] Y. Hua East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China e-mail: [email protected] J. Wang (&) School of Art Design and Media, East China University of Science and Technology, No.130 MeiLong Rd, Shanghai, China e-mail: [email protected]

Keywords

Rural memory renewal

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Resettlement community




Community

Introduction and Basic Concepts

Since the reform and opening up, the speed of urbanization in China continues to accelerate. With the expansion of cities and large-scale land acquisition in rural areas, more and more farmers begin to live in various resettlement communities. Although the resettlement community provides living quarters for these farmers, the new environment still brings many problems to their life. When landless peasants enter the city, their original living habits and behavior will not continue. The change of living space will lead to the change or even break of their social communication circle. The scope of social communication will become fragmented because the original village residents are scattered into the new urban area (Wei, 2017). These memories from the countryside make them lack the sense of identity and hard to belong to the urban community. In this context, exploring how to inject rural memory into the renewal and transformation of resettlement communities reflects the humanistic care for the relocated people. How to promote neighborhood relations, enhance the humanistic value of communities, and enhance the sense of community identity and belonging is also the key to the sustainable development of such communities. From the perspective of rural memory, this paper takes the renovation of Chun Xin Yuan in Shanghai as an example, analyzes the material and spiritual demands of landless farmers, explores the practical strategies of community renovation from the aspects of community space, life, management, and culture, so as to make them truly integrate into urban society.

© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022 C. Piselli et al. (eds.), Innovating Strategies and Solutions for Urban Performance and Regeneration, Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98187-7_1

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1.1 Rural Memory Collective memory is a concept in the field of social psychology, which is different from personal memory (Morris, 2002). According to Jan Asman, “collective memory is something that people share, inherit and construct together in a group in modern society” (Yang, 2015). Rural memory is regarded as a specific regional memory of collective memory, which records the development and change of the whole village in the process of historical process. It is not only the common memory of villagers but also the link connecting the spiritual world and emotional world of villagers. There are various forms of expression of rural memory, including material ones, such as houses, temples, pictures, etc., and non-material ones, such as ballads, operas, crafts, technologies, etc. These elements all bear a certain rural memory. After generations of accumulation and inheritance, they form a kind of beautiful collective memory.

1.2 Resettlement Community