Fungi of Switzerland [5/6]

Citation preview

FUNGI OF SWITzERLAND A contribution to the knowledge of the fungal flora of Switzerland

Volume

5

Agarics Part 3 Cortinariaceae

435 species described principally from central Switzerland, with drawings of microscopic features and color photographs

Published by Fred Krenzlin, Edition Mykologia, P O. Box '165, CH-6000 Lucerne g, Switzerland

French translation by Dr. J. Keller, Universit6 de Neuchatel, CH-2000 Neuchatel and English translation by Mrs.

V

F.

Brune i, CH-19S0 Sion

L. and Dr. J. E Waters, Humboldt State University, Arcata, USA

fL d lhe German edfion fiLe

fL

Blatterpilze 3. Teil

d€r Schweiz, Band 5

of the French odition de Suisse" Tome

GEndgnons

5

Champignons a lames 3h" partie

Ad€sses of the translatorc:

f-

Jean Keller, lnstitut de Botanique, Chantemerle 22, CH-2000 Neuchatel Rue du Petii Chasseur 25, CH-1950 Sion tlts" Mrginia L. and Dr. J. F. Waters, Humboldt State University, Arcata, Calif. 9552'1, USA

Fracois Brunelli,

lu0rors: JGef Breitenbach

t

Fred Kranzin, Ruflisbergstrasse 3, CH-6006 Luzern

Colhborator: J. Bachler, Grabenweg 2, CH-6037 Root

Floristic Work Group of the Mycological Society ot Lucernei P Amrein t, J. Bachler, U. Graf, W. Kiser, A. Leeb H. Sutter, J. Wespi, M. Wymann, A. Zwyssig.

t,

K. Miihlebach, F. Mtiller, R. Murner, W Oldani, G. Richoz, M. Sirebel,

Verlag Mykologia Luzem, Postfach 165, CH-6000 Luzern 9 @ 2000 All rights reserved Printed in Switzerland Irom disc by Creation & Media Service AG, 6002 Luzern Composition: Creation & Media Service AG, 6002 Luzern Color lithography: Sticher Printing AG, 6002 Luzern Printing: see abbreviations Photographs: ISBN 3-85604{11-0 Band 1 German ISBN 3€5604-111-7 Tome 1 French ISBN 3-85604-210-5 Volume 1 English ISBN 3-85604-020-x Band 2 German ISBN 3-85604-120-6 Tome 2 French ISBN 3-85604-220-2 Volume 2 English ISBN 3-85504-030-7 Band 3 Geman ISBN 3-85604-130-3 Tome 3 French ISBN 3-85604-230-X Volume 3 English ISBN 3-85604-040-4 Band 4 Ggrman ISBN 3-85604-'140-0 Tome 4 French ISBN 3-85604-240-7 Volume 4 English ISBN 3-85604-050-1 Band 5 German ISBN 3-85604-'150-8 Tome 5 French ISBN 3-85604-250-4 Volume 5 English

Tabel of Contents

Foreword and Acknowledgments

!ntroduction

Floristic part Literature cited lndex to

Cover photographs Front Back

cover: cover:

Cortinaius olidus No 224 Coftinaius bivelus No 299

Preface Translator's Note Foreword and acknowledgments Agaricales Pan 3, continuation of volumes 3 and 4 Synopsis of the genera treated Methods and remarks on individual genera Glossary of technical terms Abbreviations and symbols Abbreviations of names of authors Plant names Keys for identification

7 8

s

11

12 13 18

20 21

22

435 species of Agaricales in systematic sequence

41

Scientific names of fungi

335

FUNGI OF SWITZERLAND Volume

5 Agarics Part 3 Codinariaceae

Preface

Now that the fifth volume of this compelling series is at hand,

The request of my friends Josef BREITENBACH and Fred KBANZLIN to write the Preface of Volume 1 of "Pilze der Schweiz" in 1981 filled me at the time with great joy, since

sadness mingles with our joy over this accomplishment: Josef (Sepp) BBEITENBACH is no longer among us. His

they and their equally diligent associates in the Mycological Society of Lucerne had indeed, through years ol intensive work, torn the Ascomycetes ol central Europe rrom their shadowy existence as unloved step-children of floristic, chorologic, and ecological studies of distribution and brought them

death puts the confidence and the stamina, which enable one to see such projects through, to a hard test. The Russulales must be done yet. They are planned for Volume 6. Whoever wants to pay tribute to Josef BBEITENBACH and render forthright thanks to him for his decades of unselfish involve-

into a new light, into their true light at last as organisms

ment will not refrain from continuing to work, striving courageously toward this goal, alongside Fred KRANZLIN.

worthy of admiration and protection. The pioneering spirit of this book and the enthusiasm which it carried stimulated worldwide admiration, while its documentation of ascomycetes in word, photograph, and microscopic drawing created new standards and opened new avenues into the biology and ecology of these fungi. For two decades now I have accompanied these two authors

and their collaborators in their work, in constant friendship and collegiality, tried to give encouragement and advice and have received much stimulation myself, critically reviewed the entire drafts of all five volumes and, where it seemed to me necessary, have tried to correct and also to conrirm their results and thereby to encourage them. Two volumes with 390 Ascomycetes and 528 Aphyllophorales accompany three more with 450,465, and 435 gilled fungi. With these 2268 painstakingly documented species of macrofungi for the comparatively small region of central Switzerland, the standard for similar projects has been raised to dizzying heights, while the esthetic requirements applicable to such a work have been fulfilled in exemplary fashion.

The legacy of our friend Josef BREITENBACH urges us to see it through from a higher perspective also. lf we want not only to study and to document the biological diversity of nature, but also to preserve at least an approximation of it, the classical disciplines of morphology, taxonomy, chorology, and

even ecology are no longer sufficient. This task requires an integrative system of concepts in conservation which extends over countries, regions, and continents, concrete measures Ior protection, continually improved strategies for supervision, and meaningful penalties. And we need, everywhere, people who unselfishly place their collective knowledge and their force of conviction in the service of species-

and habitalprotection, people like Josef BREITENBACH, Fred KRANZLIN, and their dedicated collaborators within and outside the Mycological Society of Lucerne.

Durlangen, Germany

March,2000

German J. Krieglsteiner

Translators' Note

We are pleased to offer the fifth volume of ihe series "Pilze

der Schweiz, to English-speaking mycologists. Volume

such as Sa/,,i helbacea and Dryas octopetala. Since many of

5

these plants also occur in the arctic regions, many of their

continues the treatment o, the Agaricales, which was begun in Vol. 3. lt covers the large and difficult family Cortinaiaceae. Again we are greatly impressed by the huge amount of work which the Mycological Society of Lucerne, and in particular Josef Breitenbach and Fred Kranzin, have undertaken in collecting and identifying their finds and grappling with the many taxonomic and nomenclatural problems in this particularly dit icult group of lungi.

associated fungi may occur there too. We hope therefore that this publication will facilitate the study of arctic rungi in both Europe and North America. We also hope that Volume 5 will facilitate and encourage work on North American Codlnaraceae, which have been much less studied here than in

Again many rare and unusual species from rare and unusual habitats are included. As in the previous volumes, these collections are a testimonial to the diligence of ihe authors and their associates. They are also important as documents of the fungi occurring in declining habitats, such as wet and poor meadows and peat bogs.

Many of the members of the Cortinariaceae also occur in alpine habitats, associated with characteristic alpine plants

Europe. We were shocked to learn of the death of Josef Breitenbach while this work was in progress, and we regret very much that he did not live to see Volume 5 completed. We admire Fred Kranzlin's dedication in bringing ii to completion despite the loss of his good friend and colleague in this enormous pro-

ject.

Virginia L. Waters James F. Waters Trinidad, California

-

June, 2000

Foreword and acknowledgments

As projected in the Foreword to Volume 4, my triend Josef Breitenbach and I charged into work on the family Cortinariaceae at the beginning of 1996, full o, enthusiasm and confidence, to bring out another new book in our five-year rhythm. But in the rall of 1998, in the midst of working up the systematic part and shonly after the end ol ihe Three Countries

Foray in Rothol/AT, fate struck inexorably and tore away in deaih my dear friend and true companion during three decades of mycological investigation. The close relationship which had arisen through the daily occupation with fungithus found an abrupt end. To Joset Breitenbach, to whom nature and especially mycology meant eveMhing, it is unfortunately no longer granted to experience the appearance of this fifth volume. All the more have I staked eveMhing on completing this work which we began together, in the spirit of our friendship which grew over the years.

Every mycologist has probably already discovered that the microscopic characters are more constant and therefore more reliable for identilication than macroscopic ones, and they undergo fewer changes as the lruiting body matures than do habitus and color. lt is thus surely no accident that, of the genera treated here, those with well-defined microscopic characters are generally described consistently in the literature. Where good microscopic characters are sparse, as in the genus Cortnarus and in the species which are distinguished principally from macroscopic and ecological aspects, the literature presents very divergent views. A principal reason for this is probably the fact that the descriptions and figures in FRIES as the sanctioning author are often differently interpreted by more recent authors. Uncenainties of identification are thus pre-programmed. Our collections were therefore compared thoroughly with the works of these more recent authors. Applying a name to a collection was therefore based on the best agreement with the macroscopic and microscopic descriptions, as well as with the color pictures and the ecological data. Where necessary for the orientation of our readers, the reasons which have persuaded us of a particular interpretation are given under the rubric "Remarks".

Like perhaps no other genus, Cortinaius requires a very attentive examination of the fruiting bodies at the site and also after collection, as well as during storage and during drying. Only in this way can odor, taste, and possible color changes be recorded reliably. Even slight nuances of color, such as perhaps a lilac stipe apex or an ocherish veil on the stipe, are often important for identification. For this reason

the collected fungi and also the color photographs were always evaluated in natural light.

The great response to the previous volumes has conrirmed that the fungi treated in them have been increasingly collecied, placed in herbaria, and in many societies also evaluated floristically. lt is to be hoped that the presenl volume will also stimulate similar activities.

Although amaieurs generally do noi willingly grapple with identification of Cortinarii, we have b€en able to count on the of numerous colleagues in the Mycological Society ol Lucerne. Friends from other parts of Switzerland and other countries made several collections available to us, so that we could present a representative sampling from each genus in the family Cortinariaceae.

collaboration

Our thanks are directed first to the members of the Floristics

Work Group of the MSL, namely J. BACHLER, U. GMF, W KISEH, K. MUHLEBACH, F. MULLER, R. MURNER,

W

OLDANI, G. BICHOZ, M. STREBEL, H. SUTTER, J. WESPI,

M. WYMANN, A. ZWYSSIG. We have unfortunately lost our two colleagues P AMREIN and A. LEEB through death. We received collecied finds and color slides also from the fol-

lowing ladies and gentlemen: Mrs. A. MULLER, Niirtingen (Germany) and Dr. B. SENN-IRLET, Bern, as well as Messrs. F. AYER, Fribourg, G. BlERl, Bern, F. BRUNELLI, Sionn/S,

P

BUSER, Magden/Ac, G. FROSSARD, Gunsberg/So, H. GSELL, Albbruck-Hohenfels (Germany), Dr. J. KELLEB,

Neuchatel, H. l\ilElER, Mi.lnsingen/ElE, A. RIVA, Balerna/Tl, U. ROFFLER, Grtisch/GR, R. ROGLMEIER, Langerringen (Germany), M. WILHELM, Allschwil/BL, H. WOLTSCHE, Bern. We thank them all for their spontaneous, unselfish collaboration. We are indebted to our friend G. LUCCHINI and his associates for the many collections and slides from localities in Canton Tessin, of which we became aware through his illustrated flora (LUCCHINI 1 997). From the very beginning, JOSEF BACHLER stood by our side as closest collaborator. He was for many years a friend ol JOHANN STANGL Augsburg (Germany), who died in '1988, and during this time was able to acquire profound knowledge ol lnocybe- He made his extensive collection of photographs and all his notes and descriptions of finds available to us. Since his collections were preserved in the herbarium of the Nature Museum o, Lucerne, we could dig freely into this veritable mine of specimens. We were also able to receive numerous specimens of other genera from him. Thus he is entitled to not only a great "thank you", but above all well-earned

praise.

We are also especially obliged to thank G. J. KRIEGLSTEINER, Ourlangen (Germany), who wrote the Preface and reviewed all manuscripts of the taxonomic sections and, where necessary, has enlarged upon them. The critical comments of Dr. E. HORAK, Zurich, on some species saved us from misidentirications, for which we are very grateful. Forthe identification of alpine Sericeocybes we were able to rely on the support of Dr. M. BON, Saint Valery sur Somme (France).

We gladly thank him for his valuable help. Our colleague R. MURNER has, with his involvement with computers and his linguistic editing of many texts, rendered a contribution to the success o, this book worthy of thanks. ln recent years new works on several genera of the Cortinariaceae have repeatedly appeared, which have induced us always to compare our own work against the newest position. This situation brought the translators a full measure of extra effort, which they performed in a precise and termino-

10

logically correct manner. May our very special thanks be expressed to Dr. J. KELLER, Neuchatel, and F. BRUNELLI, SionAr'S, for the French version, and Mrs. V L. and Dr.

J.

F.

WATERS, Arcata (CA) USA, for the English edition.

Our colleague

W

KISER, Sarnen/Ow lnstructor

of

the

VAPKO, has, as an experienced tester of fungi, again evaluated the palatability of the fungi in this book. We thank him for undertaking the responsibility of this work.

The far more than 7000 specimens from the decades of collecting activity by the members of the i/ycological Society of Lucerne are entrusted to the care of the Nature Museum of Lucerne. That they found acceptance there, we owe to Dr. P. HERGER and his staff.

Lucerne, June 2000

Fred Kranzlin

lntroduction

Agaricales Part 3, continuation of volumes 3 and 4 The present work gives an overview of 435 fungi in the family Cortinariaceae, in the genera listed on the Iollowing page.

With it, the series of books "Fungi of Switzerland", which began in '1981 with Volume 1 (Ascomycetes), is completed, after nearly 20 years, up to the family Bussulaceae. Treatment of the genera Fussula and Lactarius in this family is planned

and will again present an exciting challenge to all the participants. The species of the Cortinariaceae constitute a very heterogeneous group of fungi; all transitional forms are found in it from the smallest Galerina ot Crepidotus to the robust, lleshy Coftinarius praestans. The abundance of microscopic features also shows great range of variation. lt extends lrom species with several types of cystidia to those which are distinguished only by slight differences in shape, ornamentation, or size of the spores. The shape and structure of the spores are also diverse. Shapes range from globose through elliptical to amygdaliform or fusiform, and surfaces range from smooth, rough, marbled, to angular, tuberculate, or verrucose. However, nearly all species share a visible universal or partialveil, at least in very young condition.

'11

Synopsis of the genera treated ln systematics we follow primarily MOSER (1983), for the genus Cortinarus we follow in part BRANDRUD et al. (1990 ff.). For application ol nomenclature we rely on KBIEGLSTEINER (1991) and HANSEN & KNUDSEN (1992) and in part on more

recent monographic works,

BASIDIOMYCETES

(continuation of volumes 3 and 4)

Order

Family

Genus

Agaricales

Cortinariaceae

lnocybe

Sp-No.

Subgenus

.l-

65

66- 96

Hebeloma. Alnicola. . Gymnopilus Cortinarius

127-'140 141-150 151-152 153-166

167-182 1A3-247

24V271 272-288 289-381

Leucocortinarius..,. Rozites .

.

..

382 383

.

Cr€pidotus . Simocybe . Phaeocollybia Phaeogalera.

Galerina Strophariaceae

'12

.

Phaeomarasmius

.......

384-393 394-397 398-402 403-404 405-434

Methods and remarks on individual genera

The procedure for collecting, identifying, describing, and preserving specimens is laid out in detail in Volumes 1+. lt is equally applicable to working up the Cortinariaceae. We

made the measurements of microscopic elements not with the ocular micrometer, as in the families treated earlier, but on the images projected through the camera lucida. This projection magniJied '1000 x or 2000 x (spores). Certain additional

methods of investigation or special characteristics for individual genera are described below. For all genera the pileipellis is represented in a radial section, generally at a scale of 250:1. Since the magnification was not sufficient to represent pigmentation and encrustations in detail, the hyphae are drawn with smooth walls. These particu-

lar features are, however, indicated in the microscopic descriptions. The spores were measured in KOH inclusive ofthe

ornamentation but not the apiculus and were taken from a spore print or scraped off the stipe apex.

ration will have strongly reacting spores, usually dark redbrown, while in other preparations the intrinsic color of the spores does not change, lntermediates between these two extremes can be observed, in which all or even only some of the spores change color, becoming pale to deep brown. ln many species the pileipellis consists of an ixocutis, but in others it is merely a layer of periclinal hyphae whose walls are only weakly gelatinised. This variation in the structure of the pileipellis is a useful distinguishing character. ln some species a thin layer of periclinal hyphae can be observed deep to the ixocutis. This was described by BRUCHET (1970) as the cutis, and he called the deeper layer of polymorphic cells the subcutis. Since this so-called cutis is very difficult or sometimes impossible to distinguish, we regard it as a part of the epicuiis and call the pseudoparenchyma which lies deep to it the subcutis. ln this we follow the usage of SINGER (1e86).

Specialized literature: BRUCHET (1970) VESTERHOLT (1989) VESTERHOLT (1995)

lnocybe As already explained, the basidia were measured in all species always excluding the sterigmata, but the cystidia always including any encrustation. The tubercles were included in measurements of tuberculate spores. Only the tubercles actually visible when the spores were in focus were counted. Many species in this genus can be determined only if the presence or absence of caulocystidia is known. For this reason the stipes of fruiting bodies selected for study should be touched as little as possible, since otherwise caulocystidia may be wiped away in places. Caulocystidia are usually recognizable even on fresh frbs. with a 1o-power hand lens as fine erect bristles. Specialized literature: BON (1997a) HEIM (1931) BON BON

(1997b)

(1998)

KUYPEB (1986) STANGL (1e89)

Galerina When collecting Galerinas one should examine the stipe of young frbs. carefully for velar remnants or an annular zone, since these often disappear as the frb. ages. The substrate should also be precisely recorded, and it is also essential to note odor and taste. Since the spore ornamentation is hard to evaluate in some species, several spores should be examined by focusing the oil-immersion objective at different levels. Phase-contrast equipment helps in this examination. One must also be aware that certain species are obligate associates ol Sphagnum, while others inhabit both Sphagnum and other mosses. For determining whether a species has pileocystidia or not, a thin tangential section serves better than a radial section. SMITH & SINGER Specialized literature: BON (1992b)

KUEHNER(1935)

Hebeloma

(1e64) WATLING,

GREGORY

Some hebelomas secrete hyaline or milk-white droplets on the lamellae when young and fresh. ln the course of development of the frb., these dry up and form red-brown spots (from the spores). ln dry weather, however, these droplets may be absent, so that mature frbs. must be inspected for brown spots. One must always examine several frbs. of a collection for this propedy. Some authors also use dextrinoidity of the spores for identitying certain species. Actually, in some species, one prepa-

oRTON (1993)

Gymnopilus

ln some species the lamellar cystidia and sometimes also other parts of the hymenium react to cotton blue. To observe this, a thin section of the lamellar edge is boiled briefly in 3% KOH; then this is drained off and cotton blue added, then

washed with chloral hydrate. A green

to

blue-green stain

septa ol certain species can help also, as all Phlegmaciums

Specialized literature: GUZMAN et al. (1995) KUEHNER & ROMAGNEST (1956-57) WATLING, GREGORY ORTON (1993)

The width of the pileipelleal hyphae serves to differentiate

constitutes a positive reaction.

Alnicola Many species are restricted to particular species of trees, so one must note this association when collecting frbs. Alnicolas may also occur in old burned places, but these are not immediately recognizable when the charred remains are overgrown.

Specialized literature: BON (1992b)

Crepidotus Specialized literature: SENN-IRLET (1995a) WATL|NG & GREGORY (1989)

Phaeocollybia, Phaeogalera, Phaeomarasmius Specialized literature: WATLING, GBEGORY ORTON (1993)

have clamps. some species.

Species in the subgenus Sericeocybe do not have an ixocutis; at most the hyphae of their pileipellis have weakly gelatinised walls. Moreover, neither their flesh nor their pileipellis reacts with 10% KOH. Such a reaction can however be observed in many phlegmaciums. Many species of Dermocybe are easily recognized in the field by their bright yellow, orange, or red lamellae. Those species whose lamellae have dull olive, yellowish greenish, or mixed tones are sometimes difficult. ln these cases we have had good results with the method described by FINCK (1994. Pieces of pileus and stipe are wrapped in a piece of absorbent white paper (paper handkerchie0 previously soaked in ethanol. It after a few minutes the.area around the pieces of mushroom iurns red, yellow-orange, olive-green, or yellow then the fungus very probably belongs to the subgenus Dermocybe. With this method, we have been able to assign supposed Dermocybes to their correct subgenera, namely Leprocybe andTelamonia. ln Cortinarii, hymenial cystidia are present in only a few species. On the other hand, sterile cells can be observed on the lamellar edges in most oI them. ln our drawings we have for the most part represented those cells which differed in shape and/or size from young basidia. Specialized literature:

General

Simocybe

BIDAUD et al. (1992 fi.) BON (1992a) BRANDRUD et al. (1eso ff.)

Specialized literature: BON(1992b) sENN-tRLET (1995b)

Phlegmacium MOSER (1960) Telamonia ARNOLD(1993)

Dermocybe Cortinarius This very speciose genus is at present divided very differently by different authors. From our own experience and for prac-

tical reasons we have decided to recognize the following seven subgenera: Coftinarius, Dermocybe, Leprocybe, Seiceocybe, Phlegmacium, Myxacium, and lelamonia. Although many species can be easily identified with some practice, many are difficult to place in even the proper subgenus. Trying to separate the subgeneru Phlegmacium, Myxacium, and Sericeocybe is often very exacting forthe mycologist, and the same is true for Dermocybe, Leprocybe, and Telamonia. Species of Myxacium with distinctly slimy stipes are easily recognized as such, but not those whose stipes are almost dry ln such cases, the often bitter taste or always clampless 14

HOILAND(1983)

Glossary of technica! terms

(with emphasis on terms applicable to gilled fungi) (Some phrases are glossed in the Abbreviations section.) (See also Vols. 1-4, esp. the glossary and figures in Vol. 3.)

acuminate acute

(cystidium) gradually tapering to a point

cortex

(pileal margin or umbo) pointed, or sharp-

adnexed

edged (gill attachment) broadly attached to the stipe gill attachment) narrowly attached to the stipe

allantoid

(spore)

adnate

a

cuNed, sausage-shaped,

bean-

shaped, usually round in cross section (odor) onion-like alliaceous aJpine vegetational zone, in Swiizerland extending upward from ca. 1800 m above sea level (surface) pitted or honeycomb-like alveolate ygdaliform (spore shape) almond-shaped apical lying at the tip; (spores) that place which lies on the side opposite the apiculus protuberance on a spore by which it was atapiculus tached to the sterigma appendiculate (margin of pileus) having remnants of the veil hanging from it epressed-squamose (surface of pileus or stipe) having scales lying close against the surface

corticate crenate

cuticle, cutis

cystidium

cystidioid cystidiole

disc distant

(veil) cobwebby (see cortina)

arachnoid basidiole

young basidium, cylindrical

butyraceous

callus

catyptrate

campanulate capilliform capitate

to

clavate but

lacking sterigmata (surface) having the leel oI butter (spore) a thin-walled, paler, sometimes convex place at the apical end o, the spore wall (rudimentary germ pore) applied to a spore whose outer wall (exospore) litts itself away Irom the rest of the spore wall, like a hood (pileus) bell-shaped (cystidium) slender, hair-like

(cystidium)with a rounded knob or head at the

tip

caulocystidium cfieilocystidium ciliate

circumcinct citriform colline

a cystidium which occurs on the stipe a cystidium on the edge of a gill

echinulate encrusted epithet

fabiform larinaceous lasciculate filamentous llabellate Ilammate

ings

cottony tuft or patch of hyphae on the surface of a trb. (surface) having flocci; resembling cotton flan-

floccus

(edge of gill) eyelash-like, {ringed with hairs (cheilocystidia) (stipe) banded with remnants ofthe veil

floccose

(spore) lemon-shaped (short-elliptical with a little bump at each end) vegetational zone, in Switzerland extending from ihe foothills (see planar) to 700 m above

fugacious furfuraceous tusiform

sea level

(habitus) shape or

@nchate

general appearance like that of a Colybia (see Vol- 3, Nos. 184 tf.), with a cartilaginous stipe, convex pileus with an incurved margin, and no annulus (Irb.) laterally attached, shaped like a clam

concolorous

shell having the same color or of unilorm color

collybioid

cortina

differentiated outer layer of the stipe, compo. sed of more compact hyphae than in the core a cobwebby partialveil, composed of an open network of fibrils, which joins the pileal margin to the stipe in young frbs. See also veil. (stipe) having a cortex (margin of pileus or gills) scalloped respectively macroscopic and microscopic terms Ior the smooth outermost layer of the pileipellis, composed o, densely interwoven, not gelatinized hyphae arranged r parallel to the surface a large, conspicuous, terminal cell of a hypha of peculiarshape, which occurs on the surface of gills, pileus, or stipe resembling a cystidium inconsprcuous sterile cell in the hymenium which is similar to a basidium but somewhat larger and therefore somewhat like acystidium central portion ol the pileus, above the stipe (scales, fibrils, lamellae, etc.) relatively widety spaced or well separated (spore) surtace ornamented with little spines with crust-like material deposited on the walls oI the hyphae or cystidia the second part oI the binomial or scientifc name, e. g. "edulis" in Boletus edulis (pileal margin) without irregularities such as striations or splits, not crenate, denlate, etc. (spore) bean-shaped (= phaseoliform) lasting or smelling like rresh flour (hyphae etc.)grouped together in bundles (hypha, etc.) thread-like (Irb.) laterally attached, fan-shaped having flame-shaped or wavy streaks or mark-

nel

galerinoid

gelatinizing gelatinized

/

quickly disappearing (surface) covered with bran-like particles (spore, cystidium, stipe) spindle-shaped, broad in the middle and tapered toward both ends (habitus) shape or general appearance like lhal ol a Galeina, small, with a brittle or cartilaginous stipe and an annulus

applied to hyphal walls which soften and become partially dissolved in water, swelling up and becoming slimy. Sometimes evident macroscopically when the cuticle stretches like rubber as it is peeled. 15

geniculate germ glabrescent glabrous glandi gneiss granulose

(pileal margin) sharply bent, like a knee

pore thin spot or opening in the spore wall through which the new hypha germinates becoming glabrous over time (surface) bald, smooth form acorn-shaped a coarse-grained, layered, metamorphic rock resembling granite in appearance. (surface of pileus or stipe) covered with small granules, e. g.lragments of the veil (spore, hyphal cell) spherical

globose guttate guttation

exuding droplets of liquid

habitus hilar

during active growth and high humidity general appearance spot in certain spores, adepression ora bounded smooth spot above the apiculus

hyaline

hygrophanous

hygrophilic incurved innate

iodoform ixo-

drops of liquid secreted by frbs., especially

(spore, hypha, cystidium) colorless (under microscope). Beware of apparent yellowgreen color which can be due to refracted light. (frb.) becoming light in color on loss of water, sometimes clearly recognizable by concentric zones ol light and dark living in wet places (pileal margin) bent inward toward the stipe

marginate-bulbous

metuloid micaceous molasse... montane

muscicolous mycenoid

p.21. napiform

(bulb of the stipe) turnip-shaped

naucorioid

(habitus) shape or general appearance like that of a Naucona, the pileus convex to plane, stipe fleshy and without an annulus (spores) boat-shaped (Latin) name; see also in Abbreviations. (pileal margin, umbo, cystidium) rounded or

navicular nomen

obtuse periclinal

gelatinizd, i.e., swell

peronate

lecythiform

lingulate lubricous Lugol's

lunate

maculose marginal

16

(cystidium) flask-shaped, ventricose with a long cylindrical non-capitate rostrum (cystidium) ventricose with a constricted or tapered neck surmounted by a rounded knob or head; shaped like a bowling pin (see Vol. 4 p. 21). Similar to tibiilorm but much more pronouncedly ventricose. (frb.) laterally attached, tongue-shaped (surface) slipp€ry to the touch (solution) aqueous solution of potassium iodide and iodine, used in determining color reaction ol the lrb. (spore) shaped like a crescent moon having spots or maculae cell cystidium-like hyphal end on the edge of a lamella, less conspicuous than and not as

vegetational zone, in Switzerland between 700 and 1200 m above sea level living on or among mosses (habitus) shape or general appearance like panulate, stipe without an annulus. See Vol. 3

perispore

up when moist and become slimy lageniform

a thick-walled cystidium with apical crystals, arising Irom the hymenium (pileal surface) covered with small shiny particles layered conglomerate, sandstone, etc.

lhal ol a Mycena, the pileus conical to cam-

(fibrils, scales) forming an integral part of the surface, not merely lying superficially on it an iodine compound (CHl3) used as an antiseptic, which has a characteristic odor prerix applied to types ol pileipellis composed of hyphae which become

strongly dirferentiated as a true cystidium (see also cheilocystidium) (stipe) having a base with a distinct enlargement or bulb with a well-defined rim, the upper surface ofthe bulb joining the stipe at a r right angle

phaseolilorm pileocystidium pip-shaped plage

planar plicate Pruina Pruinose pseudorhiza Pyriform

raphanoid recurved

blunt (hyphae in pp) running parallelwith the surface ol the pil€us

the often slimy and usually folded outer envelope which surounds some spores. lt can become partially loosened or detached. (stipe) booted, i. e. sheathed at the base with the veil (spore) bean-shaped (= fabiform) a cystidium on the surface ofthe pileus (spore) shaped like apple s6eds, drop-shaped with the tapered end bent a flattened area on a spore near the apiculus vegeiational zone (in lowlands and toothills), in Switzerland 300 to 600 m above s€a level (pileal surf ace) folded

bloom or fine powder on a surface (surface) covered with fine powder root-like elongation of a stipe (determinable only when the frb. is dug up caretully) (cystidium or other cell) psar-shaped (odor or taste) radish-like (scale) curved back on itsel,

reniform rimose

rooting

(pileus) laterally attached, kidney-shaped (pileal surface) having cracks (stipe) extending deep into the substrate

rostrate

(cystidium) having

snsu squamose squamule

squamulose squarrose stellate striate

slrigose sub-

a beak-like

prolongation

(rostrum) (of a taxonomic name) (Latin) in the sense ol, as used by... (surface) covered with scales a small scale (surface) covered with small scales (surface) covered with recurved scales (spore) star-shaped having * parallel lines, grooves. or ridges having long, coarse, bristle-like hairs

typical variety

the variety of a species to which the type

umbonate uncinate

specimen belongs (pileal surface) with a central bump (umbo) (shape of gills) notched and attached to the stipe by a low decunent extension or tooth (= hooked)

undulating

(pileal margin or surface, edge o, gill) broadly

ungulate utrirorm

(Irb.) latorally attached, hoof-shaped

variety

veil

prefix meaning almost, Somewhat, more or less, or below in position

subalpine

vegetational zone,

in Switzerland

'1200 and 1800 m above sea level

between

subpellis

layer deep to the outermost pileipellis

subulate

(cystidium) awl-shaped, swollen above the base and tapered at both ends, but more strongly tapered toward the tip

suprahilar suprahilar spot synonym

taxon

tibiiform

tomentose tomentum hanslucent-striate

triquetral

tichoderm

tuberculate

depression indentation immediately above the apiculus; see spores o, Nos- 350 and 361 flat spot above the apiculus, on the mor6 concave (dorsal) side oI the spore a name which has the same meaning as the name in question but which according to the rules o, nomenclature cannot be used an exactly circumscribed entity or group ol organisms, with a particular rank and placemenl within a classification (cystidium) shaped like a tibia or shinbone, slender but slightly vgntricose toward the base and capitate at the apex; see No. 429. Much less strongly ventricose than lecythiform (q. v.). (surface) having a tomentum a cottony tangle or leltwork of hyphal threads clothing the surlace oI the pileus or stipe (margin ot pileus) having translucent tissue which permits the attachment of the gills to show through as dark lines (striations) having three angles or ridges, triangular in section a pileipellis consisting of erect to almost vertical hyphae which are not strictly parallel (if they are it is a palisade) (spore) having small bumps ortubercles (larger than warts)

velutinous venose

ventricose verrucose

(cystidia) cylindrical to ventricose or lageni form, with a broad neck; see Vol. 4 p. 21. a taxonomic rank below the species, which groups variations deviating slightly from the type velar remnants ,ibrillose or membranous layer or layers, covering the frb. entirely or in pan (the universal veil or partial veil respectively). These rupture during expansion oI the frb. and remnants often are left behind as an annulus, regular or irregular bands on the stipe, flocci on the pileus or the stipe, or a coating o, fibrils or rringe on the pileal margin. (surface) covered with short, fine, soft, dense hairs (= velvety) having vein-like wrinkles or ridges (veins); esp. applied tothe surface ol gills orthe space between gills

(stipe, cystidium) swollen or enlarged in the middle having warts or rounded processes (smaller than tubercles)

vesicular/ate vesture villose viscid

(cystidium, hyphal cell) inflated and rounded, bladder-like fibrils, flocci, pruina, or other coating on the lrb. derived trom th6 veil (surface) havlng long weak hairs (surface) sticky or tacky when moist

In addition to Breitenbach and Kranzlin's glossary the translatoG have lound the lollowing works very helplul in preparing the English glossary:

Hawksworth, D. L., et al. 1983. Ainsworth & Bisby's dictionary of the fungi. 7th €d. Commonwealth Mycological lnst,, KeW' Largent, D. L. 1986. How to identiry mushrooms to genus l: Macroscopic leatures. Mad Biver Press, Eureka, CA. Largent, D. L., and T. J. Baroni. 1988. How to identily mushrooms to genus Vl: Modern genera. Mad River Press, Eureka, CA, Snell, W. H., and E. A. Dick. 1971. A glossary of mycology. Rev. ed. Harvard Univ. Press.

17

Abbreviations and Symbols

acc. ad int.

all. AG ap.

according to, acc. lit.: according to the literature ad interem (Latin) = provisionally, temporarily AIrica affinis (Latin) = related, similar Canton Aargau apud (Latin) = at or in (in author citations) Asia

auct. p. p. auct. plur.

Ausiralia auctorum (Latin) = ot (some) authors. Relers to the interpretation of a scientific name by other authors. auctorum pro parte (Latin) = ol some authors auctorum pluralium (Latin) = of most authors

BE

Canton ol Bern

ca. cf. coll.

circa (Latin) = about conler (Latin) = compare with

auct.

comb. nov.

collection, collected by combinatio nova (Latin) = new combination, a new binomial formed when a species is transferred trom one genus to another

Derm.

subgenus Derrrocybe

E

Europe elevation (in meters above see level) emendavit (Latin) = (he) improved, conected (in citations when an author has completed or expanded a description oI a species or genus)

elev em.

esp. et al.

ex

t.,ll.

especially et alii (Latin) = and others from (Latin) (used in an author citation when an author validly publishes a species and in so doing draws upon its description by a previous author. For example, Pers. ex Fr means that Fries validated a name coined by Persoon.) Acc. the most recent rul6 of nomenclature, the "ex" before Fr. is replaced with a colon O. This signities that FRIES sanctioned the corresponding epithet.

Irb., frbs.

and following (sing. and pl.) forma, a taxonomic rank below variety ,amily Iruiting body/ies

GR

Canton Graubunden

HCt HNO3 H2SO4

hydrochloric acid nitric acid sulfuric acid

i. a.

inter alia (Latin) = among others (nomen) ineditum (Latin) = not published (used lor a name which an author has proposed for a new species but has not yet validly published)

t.,fo. Iam.

ined.

Lepr LU LUG I,IGL NA NAf NE

NH3, NH4OH nom. dub.

nom. inval. nom. illeg. nom. nov. nom. nud. non al. NW op. cit. OW

p. p. Phleg.

pp Q:

quad. s. l./s. lat. s. str. sec. Ser.

sp. spp. ss./s. ss-/s. auci. ss. lato ss.... non ss. str.

ssp./subsp. subsec.

Canton Jura

sz

KOH

potassium hydroxide

Tel.

18

Mykologische Gesellschaft Luzern (Mycological Society oI Lucerne)

JU

total number of complete lamellae extending from the pileal margin to the stipe, counted around the whole circumterence

number of lamellulae, the shorter incomplete lamellae which lie between the complete ones subgenus Leprocybe Canton Luzern Herbarium of the Liluseo cantonale di Storia naturale Lugano

North America North Africa Canton Neuenburg ammonia, ammonium hydroxide nomen dubium (Latin) = a scientific name which is invalid because its meaning or referent is doubtful nomen invalidum (Latin) = an invalid scientific name nomen illegitimum (Latin) = a scientific name which is invalid because it does not conform to the rules o, nomenclature nomen novum (Latin) = a newly proposed scientific name nomen nudum (Latin) = a scientilic name which is invalid because not based on a specimen non alii (Latin) = not in the sense of other authors

Canton Nidwalden

opere citato (Latin) = in the work cited (a work already cited within a species description) Canton Obwalden pro parte (Latin) = in part subgenus Phlegmacium pileipellis (quotient) = length/width ratio of spores quadrant in MTB geographical system (see Vol.

'1)

sensu lato (Latin) = in the broad sense sensu stricto (Latin) = in the narrow sense seclion (a taxonomic rank below subgenus) subgenus Se/ceocybe Canton St. Gallen species (singula4(Latin = kind). or spores species (plural), or spore-print (see Vol. 3 p. 15lor method) sensu (Latin) = in the sense oL.. (auct. = authors, Latin) = in the sense of (i. e., as used by).various authors see s. l. above (e. g.) ss. Bellu non Smith = in Bellu's sense or use of the name, not as Smith used it see s. str. above

subspecies subsection (a taxonomic rank below section) Canton Schwyz

TI

subgenus Ielamoria Canton Thurgau Canton Tessin

UR

Canton uri

VAPKO

VS

Vereinigung der amtlichen Pilzkontrollorgane der Schweiz (Union ot official mushroom-regulating agencies of Switzerland variety (a taxonomic rank below subspecies) average volume of spores in pm3 Canton Wallis

Explanation of the signs used

< > = a pm

worldwide ZH

Canton Zug Canton Zurich

Abbreviations of the names of the collectors and collectors BA

Josel Bachler

FK, K

Fred Krenzlin Fritz MUller Hans Sutter Joset Breitenbach Jakob Wespi Walter Kiser Kilian Miihlebach Gilbert Richoz Rolf Murner Max Wymann Alfred Zwyssig

FM, MO HS, SU JB, BR KI

KM BI, Ri RM

Zl

less than, smaller than more than, larger than synonym, invalid name more or less micrometer or micron (1/1000 millimeter); read as .micron" (sing.) or 6> -.

*fuflo1 _''

"

r^,

V rt'/lo

I ll

v'/ 40

I

{ lu ll

!m t(

lnocybe (lnocibium) godeyi

,ioc =-

25

lnocybe(tnocibium)griseolilacina

+

Lge.

Fam. Cortinariaceae Roze Microscopic Ieatures

= lnocybe personata Kuhn. ss. Kuyper

allptoallo somewhat amyqdalilorm. smooih. gray'brown. thickwalbd,8-i0,6 x 4,8-6,1 um;O: 1,5-2,0:Vm: 146;spp umber-bown. B: Basida clavate.22-30 x I-10um, w h 4 sieriqmata and a basalclamp

A:

Habitat

lo grouped, more rarely solitary in hardwood forests, especially near Fagus on basic or chalk-rich soils, on soil or lea, litter. Summer-Iall. Not common. Distribution: E, NA. Gregarious

Macroscopic features Pileus 15-25 (30) mm across, conical

lo campanulate when young, later hemispherical to planoconvex, surface finely tomentose to appressed tomentose-squamose when young, later squamules somewhat erect especially in the center, gray-brown with a darker center, sometimes with a lilac tinge, marginal zone coarsely fibrillose, margin inrolled for a long time, joined to the stipe by fine fibrils of the cortina when very young. Flesh white, tinged faintly lilac-pink in the stipe when cut, thick in the center ofthe pileus, thin toward the margin, odor faintly spermatic, taste mild to bitterish. Lamellae pale lilac when young, later gray-lilac, brownish when old, broad, L = 32-36, l= 1-3, ascending and narrowly attached, edges linely white-ciliate. Stipe 2G50 x 2+ mm, cylindrical, often somewhat bent, ,ragile, solid, base barely enla€ed, surface at the apex covered with fine, longitudinal, white fibrils, not pruinose, distinctly longitudinally fibrillose toward the base, entire length pale gray-blue, apex darker, paling toward the base.

Soores

Cherlocvstdia lusilorm, ventrcose, often somewhat widened aplcal_ Um, walls l-2 pm thiak, abundant clavate cells present among th€mi (C2) pleurocystidia si_ milarto lhe che,locystidia, but somewhal longer. D: Pp composed of p€riclinal hyphae 5-13 um across, yellow_brovrn and liqhtly encrusled. some septa wilh clamps. Er Hyphal ends of the vesturo on the stipe apex.

C:

(C1 I

iv

(utrilonn);nd encrusted, thok-walled.3m0 x 10-20

Remarks This speci€s is very closetolnocybe cincinnaq \No 10) /rocybe grseo/i/a_ c,ra is lound onlv n hardwood forests on calcareous solls, whrb /. chcinnata qrows under harawoods and con fers. The shape of the cystidia is lhe most important character lo. separating them, ln /. grseo/i/acina they are oflen sohewhat wrdened apicalli so that ihey app€ar utnlorm. The slipe oz / 9n_ seo//acina ls q€neralli blue-lilac over the entire length. whilethai of /. cinc,h,ata has lilac-colors'only on th€ apex. The pileus of /. grlseo/i/acina is light orav-brown, whrle it s d;lk brown rn /, cmcinnata. ln our opinion the squao;e surface of the stipe € less signilicant for separating them, srnce this characler. appliesto both species. /nocybe pus,o (No 47)is alsosrmilar. but it has metuloid and aplcally encrusted caulocystida,

Colleclion examined and illustrated

Seelisberg UR (fannwald), quad.2068. elev.860 m, under Fagus on leaf litter and remains of wood, Sept. 9, '1996, coll. ZW 0909-96 BB 1.

Other colleclions: quad.2066.

26

lnocybe (nocibium)

gymnocarpa +

Fam. Cortinariaceae Boze

Krihn.

Habitat Usually gregarious in montane to subalpine regions, near P/bea, on sandy stream or path banks. Summer-Iall. Not common. Distri-

bution: E.

Macroscopic leatures

Pileus 3M0 mm across, hemispherical when young, later convex to plane and obtusely umbonate, surface velutinous-tomentose to appressed-squamulose, ocher- to reddish-brown, margin incurved for a long time, even, acute, without remnants of the codina even when young. Flesh whitish, thin, odor slightly fungoid, taste mild, Iungoid. Lamellae light ocher when young, later ocher-brown with an olive tint, broad, L = 30-38, I = 3, ascending and + broadly attached, edges Iinely ciliate. Stipe 30-50 x 4-7 mm, cylindrical, fragile, solid, hollow when old, surface whitish when young, later ocher to light brown, finely longitudinally librillose, apex slightly pruinose.

- lmbach: not included.

MicroscoDic featur€s A: Soore; elliptical to anyqdaliform, smoolh, yellow, thick-walled, 1 0-12 6 x 5,7-7,5 um; O: 1,5-1,9;Vm:274: no spo'e plint. B: Basida ilavare, 35-50 x 10-12 um. wth 4 sterigmata end a basalclamp C: Cheilocvstidia clavate,25-35 x 8,5 14 um: pleurocystidia not seen D: Pp combosed of perclnal hyphae 10-20 Um across, occasonal hyphae asc€ndiirg and exsertod. yellow-brown and encrusted. seDta with clamps, E: Hyphalends iromthe upper third ol the stipe. Remarks Thls soecies is rather rare and strongly resemblea lnocybe dulcamara lNo14), which. howeve( has smaller spores and occurc much more frequently l- aymnocarpa corld also be contused with /. terrgena (No. 61) which has siniilar microscopic features, but has a squamose stipe

Colleclion examined and illustrated trnen VS {Miihlebach), quad. 1465, €lev. 1200 m, on a pathsrde near

Prcea.

June'12, 1092, coll. Frossard, 1206-92 BR 10. Oth6r collections: none,

lmbach: not included.

27

Inocybe

(tnocibium)

(Berk. und Cke.) Sacc.

haemacta

+

Fam. Cortinariaceae Roze Microscooic featur€s

Habitat

A:

Gregarious near Fagus, faxus, and shrubs. Fall. Rare. Distribution:

B:

E.

Macroscopic features Pileus 30-50 (70) mm across, conical when young, later campanulate to plane with an obtuse umbo, surface radially fibrillose

when young, later appressed-squamose to squarrose, gray-brown with reddish and olive tints, margin incurved lor a long time and with dingy whitish ribrils from the cortinawhen young. Flesh white, turning pink in air, thin, greenish in the lower part otthe stipe, odor unpleasantly like urine, taste mild, herbaceous. Lamellae whitish when young, later gray-beige, broad, L = 66-80, I = 3, broadly attached, edges white-floccose and crenate. Stipe 4M0 (70) x 5-8

mm, cylindrical, solid, flexible, surface Iinely longitudinally fibriF lose, whitish when young and remaining so on the apex, later reddening toward the middle and blue-green toward the base.

SoorEi amyodalitorm, smooth. light och€r, thick_walled &'11,2x5,1-6.7 um: Q: 1.4-1.9: Vm: t76; no spore Print. Baaidia cylindrical to clavate, 30-45 x 9-12 um. with 4 slerigmata and a basal clamp.

C: {Cl) Cheibcystidra fusilorn to ventricose. thlck-walled. with apical

;rvatals. 55-67 x 12-23 um, walls 1-2 um thick, abundant clavate cells Dr;senl amono them: (C2) pleuocvstidia srmrla, to the cherlocyslidia. D: i,o composed'of penclinaihyphad 3.F12 pm across brown and ighlly encrust{ird. hvDhalwalls in pari somewhat gelattnized, sepla with clamps E: Caulocystidi; from rhe uppermosl apex ol the slipe, sparse Remarks

This is one ofthefew species of/nocybewhch can be recognized inthetleld, onmarilv because ol ita olive-green stipe base and the reddening flesh. /no' cybe calamlst?ia (No. 8) also has a qreen slipe bas€. but it lacks reddening flilsh and has ditferent cystidia. Speoes with llesh which turns reddish bul w,lhout a qreen stipe baae, aG lnocybe adaequata (No. 1) with a red-brown Dileus andthin-wailed cyslidia, /. g,odeyi (No.24) with an ocher pileus and inarginate bulb on the stipe, and I w,l,tei (No. 65) wilh white frbs.

Collection examined and illustrated Wabern BE (cemet€ry), quad. 1960, e15v.500 m, near Taxus, Fagus, end shrubs. oct. 8. 1999. coll. woltsche, 0810-99 K 10. Olher colleclions: none. lmbach: not included.

58

lnocybe (lnocibium) griseolilacina

DA

t@o 'fit f

l.

A

NU

r

n(h N@(-/ v\u-" N\lZr v=J.^( ) (v'{ -ior,,' $e

tl/*(^..c1 )Vf )r

)lw

\Il / tF

oWoaD 40 pm

llo

Hl'

lnocybe (lnocibium) gymnocarpa

,

(t E

Y'l O",o-"X,

ff-Yaffi7 yk .=1,^Q lll ., U]R

lnocybe (lnocibium) heamacta

28

lnocybe Bres. var.

(tnocibium)

bispora Kuyper

hirtella

+

Fam. Cortinariaceae Roze Microscopac tealures

A: Spores alliptical to pip-shaped, smooth,

Habitat Usually gregarious, more rarely solitary in hardwood foresls, more rarcly neat Picea, on calcareous soils. Summer-fall. Widespread. Distribution: E, NAf.

Macroscopic fqatures Pileus

1

5 mm across, conical when young, laier campanulate

to convex, eventually plane and somewhat undulating, with

an

obtuse umbo, surface dry dull, smooth and ocher-yellow when young, later light brown and appressed Iibrillose-scaly toward the center, margin incurved and whitish when young, later acute and slightly dentate. Flesh cream-colored, thin, odor like bitter aF monds (sometimes not distinct until the lamellae are rubbed or afier the frbs. have been kept in a closed container), taste mild, herbaceous. Lamellae yellow-whitish when young, later graywhite to gray-brown, broad, L = 58-70, I = 1-3, notched and narrowly attached, edges whitish-floccose. Stipe2ffi5 x 3-6 mm, cylindrical, solid, fragile, surface white to cream-colored at first, later often tinged pink, especially toward the apex, white-pruinose over the entire length.

yellow-brown, thick-walled, 7,8-10,8 x 5-6,3 Um; O: 1,4-1,9; Vm: 111; spp. umb€rbrown. B: Basidia clavate, 22-30 x 8-10 pm. with (1) 2 sterigmata and a basal clamp. C: (C1) Cheibcystidh fusiform to lageniform, thick-walled, with apical crystals, 3$-75 x 1,r-24 lrm, walls 2-3 pm thick, abundant clavate cells present among them; (C2) pleurocystidia similarto the ch€ilocystidia but only up to 60 pm long. D: Pp composed of peiclinal hyphae 5-10 pm wide, yellow and encrusted, septa with clamps. E: Caulocystidia from the low6r third ol the stipe.

Remarka Characteristic of this species are the ocher-yellow frb., the entirely pruinose stipe, and the odor of bitteralmonds. A -spored form is described in the lit. as var h,itel/a Br€s. According to KUYPER (1986), it has spores O,5)8-10,5 x ffi pm with a O-value of 1,5-1,9. His variety blspora has spores '10,5-12,1 x 6,2-6,8 pm. We havo three collections, all (1)2-spored but with different spore sizes, Two collections, including the collection desc bed here, have small spores of a siz6 co(esponding to the 4-spored var. hirfelra. Only collection 1810-79 BA t has larger spores, which are 10-13,5 x 6-7,5 um-

Collection examined ond illuslrated

Meggen LlJ, quad.2167, elev.550 m, in a hardwood forest under Fagus and Fraxhus. S€pt.2'1. 1995. coll. FK,2109-95 X 1.

othgr collections: quad. 1865, 2066. lmbach: not included.

29

lnocybe

(tnocibium)

hystrix

+

Fam. Codinariaceae Roze

(Fr.) Karst.

Microscopic featurcs

Habitat Solitary to grouped in hardwood and coniferous forests on soil or

among mosses, on damp, calcareous soils. Montane. Summerfall. Rare. Distribution: E, NA, As.

Macrcscopic features Pileus 1S'40 mm across, hemispherical wh€n young, later convex

to plane, barely or not umbonate, surface densely covered with

pointed, Iibrillose scales on an ocher-brown background, scales recurved, especially in the cenier, pulling apart in the marginal zone when old and revealing the paler pileal flesh, margin incurved lor a long time, fimbriate. Flesh whitish, thin, odor slightly unpleasant, earthy, taste mild, unpleasant. Lamellae whitish when young, later light brown to hazel-brown, L = 38-55, I = '1-3, broadly attached, edges whitish-ciliate. Stipe 4G-60 x 4+ mm, cylindrical, base

slightly enlarged, solid when young, hollow when old, surface

densely dark brown squanose on a light brown background, apex usually with an annular zone, light brown and smooth above it.

A:

Spores elliptical to amygdalifom, smooth, yellow-brown, thick-walled, 7,7-'12,5 x 5,ffi,6 lmi O: 1,,r-2,0i Vm: 197; no spore pdnt. B: Basidia clavate, 27-33 x 8-11 Um, with 4 stedgmata and a basal clamp. C: (C1) Cheilocysiidia fusiform to ventricose, thick-walled, lightly encrusted apically,43-75 x '10-18 Um, walls 1-2 !m thick, pyriform cells present among them; (C2) pleurocystidia similarto th€ cheilocystidia. D: Pp composed of p€riclinal hyphae 6-1 5 umacross, brownand encrusted, septa with clamps. E: Hyphal ends of the scales on the stip€, hyaline to brown-encrusted.

Remarks The following species of lnocybe are som6 which also have i squamos€ ltbs., lnocybe teftigiena lNo. 6'1), I calam,btrata (No. 8), I cervlcolor (No. 9), ,. /anuglhosa (No. 79), and L leptophyla (No.81).lnocybetenigen4l. calamis ata, and l. ce\bolor differ by thin-walled, non-encrustsd lamollar cystidiai /. calamisrrata stands out in this group by having a blue-green base to the sli!€.lnocybe lanuginosa and l. leptophylla havelutrerculete spores.

Collection exEmined and illustrated 9irenb6rg LIJ (Laubersmad), quad. 1864, elev. 1350 m, in a spruce foresl among mosses, Sept. 15, 1982, coll. BR, 1509-82 BA 1. Other colloctions: quad. 2268. lmbach: not included-

30

lnocybe

(tnocibium)

inconcinna

+

Fam. Cortinariaceae Roze

Karst. ss. Moser, Heim

Habitat

Micrcscopic IoaluaBs

Gregarious near conifers such as Picea, Abr'es, etc. Fall. Rare. Dis-

A:

tribution: E.

B:

Macroscopic Ieatures Pileus 1$-28 (40) mm across, obtusely conical when young, later campanulate to plane and not or only slightly umbonate, surface finely radially fibrillose, slightly appressed fibrillose-scaly toward the center, light beige-brown with a reddish or olive tint, also light reddish-brown when moist, margin incurved for a long time and with sparse librils of the cortina attached when very young. Flesh whitish, thin, turning slightly reddish in the stipe, odor absent to somewhat farinaceous, taste mild, insipid. Lamellae gray-white when young, later increasingly dingy olive-brown, broad, L = /+4-48, I = 1-3, broadly attached, edges whitish-floccose to almost smooth. Stips 2G-35 x 3-5 mm, cylindrical, Iragile, surrace whitish to cream-colored, with a yellowish or pink tinge in places, fin€ly longitudinallyfibrillose, uppermost third white-pruinose.

Spores amygdalifom, smooth,light reddish-ocher. thick-walled, 8-11,4 x 4,5-6,4 Um; Q: 1,t2,0; Vm: 152; no spore print. Basidia clavate,25-35 x 8-10 Um, with 4 sterigmata and a basalclamp. C: (Cl) Cheilocystidia fusiform, thick-walled, with apical crystals, 55-75 x 10-17 pm, walls 1-2 !m thick, no clavate cells s€en among them; (C2) pleurocystidia similar to the cheilocystidia. D: Pp composed of periclinal hyphae 5-11 pm across, light brown and in part lightly encrusted, septa with clamps. E: Caulocystidia from the apex of the stipe.

Remarks This species is rare and is documented onlyalew times in the literature. Our coll€ction agrees well with th€ picture and description in HEIM (1931), butour sporos are somewhat long€r Th€ description in METROD (1953) also fits the mushroom described here.

Colloclion examined and illustraled Bumpliz BE (cemetery), quad. 1959, elev. 500 Other collections: none,

lmbach: not included.

60

fi,

Douglasia, Oct. 5, 1999, coll. Woltsche, 0510-99 K 10.

neet Picee, Abbs,

lnocybe (lnocibium) hidella

!-_-_l:.

,,_

_

_q,.

_ -D !__-=--_\..r ].

A

',1 -ec'N,

-'vr'i "*.,' ^'5^

''*^^

i?

.,,

l,

it

-

[5, (\::

^"\JO

lv/

B

10

llW 'i"cr 40lrm ,a/

[')g r 1/ I

gn

X

nocybe (lnocibium) hystrix D

/-h qv/ oa-:,1 :,C\L/

r=71 '\:-/

(----l^

OO ffi

E

o

N nocybe (lnocibium) inconcinna

- -=:--

ffi_ _:\L

,- -

D

A

,C:, ffinnCIohM . \]:_

-,n frm v n,// \Bl \11\ r

(\\) \),

^"u

)\l\) )' rlii)\l(\/' l/ 're1 , j\l !^ Ll , U.

40

!m

\!r

o C\

10 um

31

lnocybe

(tnocibium)

inodora

+ Microscopic f6atures

= lnocybe canescens Fawe = lnocybe albidodisca KUhn., non ss. Reid = lnocybe fulvida Bres.

A:

Habitat usually gregarious on heath soils or sandy soils, in lloodplain forests or on dwarf-shrub heaths, on calcareous soils, colline to alpine. Summer-fall. Not common. Distribution: E.

Macroscopic leatures

Pileus '10-30 mm across, campanulate when young, later convex to plane, with an obtuse to acute umbo, surface radially ,ibrillose, ocher, center covered with white remnants of the cortina, margin even to crenate, without recognizable velar remnants. Flesh white, thin, odorless, taste mild, somewhat herbaceous. Lamellae graywhite when young, later gray- to olive-brown, broad, L = 55-62, I = '1+, very narrowly atiached to almost free, edges whitish-ciliate.

Stipe 15-30

x 3-7

Fam. Cor.tinariaceae Roze

mm, cylindrical, base sometimes bulbous,

fragile, solid when young, hollow when old, surface white when young and remaining so for a long time, later slightly browning and whitish-pruinose over the entire length-

B: C:

Spores inegular in shape, cylindrical, elliptical. fabifom, to amygdaliform, smooth, y€llow-brown, thick-walled, 9-13,2 x 5,4-7 pm; Q: 1,5-2,1;Vm: 225; spp. light umb€rbrown. Basidia clavate,25 30 x 9-10 Um, with 2-4 sterigmata and a basal clamp(C1) Cheilocystidia ventricose to lageniform, thick-walled, apically encrusted, 45-65 x 18-25 Um, walls 2-3 pm thick, abundant clavate cells preseni amono them; (C2) pleurocystidia similar to the cheilocystidia.

D: Pp composed ol periclinal hyphae 7-13 pm across, yellow-brown and E:

encrusted, occasional hyaline velar hyphae ca. 5 pm across present abovethem, septa with clamps. Caulocystidia spars6, extending more than halfway down the stipe.

Remarks The very similar /rocyire pru,hosa Heim can be found in montane to alpine r€gions in similar habitats and likewiseon chalk. This species is distinguished chiefly by the larger, strikingly long spores (12 15 x 5,ffi,5 pm) with Q > 2, The various varieties of /rocybe lacera (No. 33) can be found significantly more often. They can be sepaated lrcm l- inodota primarily by the presence of caulocyslidium-like cells only on the upper half of the stipe, whil€ th€se cells extend morethan halfway down the stipe in Lhodora.

Collection €xamined and illustrated

Grande Dixence VS (La Barma), quad. 1059, elev. 2400 m, on a dwarf-shrub heath among Sa/rx serpylr-fol,a, on calcareous, sandysoil, Aug.27, 1997, coll. FK, 2708-97 K 3.

Other collections: nonelmbach: not included.

32

lnocybe

flnocibium)

(Fr.) Kumm. var.

lacera

helobia Kuyper

+

Fam. Cortinariaceae Roze Microscopic Ieaturas

= lnocybe minima Killermann, non Peck

A:

Habitat Usually gregarious in wet places, on loamy-sandy soils such as in areas subject to flooding or in ditches, especially neat Salix, Alnus, or Populus. Summer-lall. Rare. Distribution: E.

Macroscopic leafures Pileus 10-20 mm across, conical to campanulate when young, later campanulate to convex, always with adistinct papilla, surface Iibrillose-tomentose to squamulose, hazel-brown, dark to blackbrown in the center, margin hung with whitish remnants oI the cortina when young, even and acute when old. Flesh whitish, thin, odor faintly spermatic, taste mild. Lamellae whitish when young, later yellow-brown to dark brown, broad, L = 26-35, I = 1-3, ascending and narrowly attached, edges white-ciliate. Stipe 30-60 x 2-4 mm, cylindrical, solid, surface longiiudinally whitish-fibrillose on a light brown background in places, apex white-pruinose.

B: C: D:

E:

Spores inegularly long-elliptical, smooth, light yellow-brown. thick-walled, 11 '15 x 5,5-7 pm; Q: 1,8-2,4; Vm: 269; spp. olive-brown. Basidia clavate, 20-.30 x 9.10 Um, with 4 sterigmata and a basal clamp. (C'1) Cheilocystidia fusiform to vent cose, thick-walled, apically €ncrusted, 4G-75 x 12-24 pm, walls 1,5-3,5 pm thick, abundant clavate cells present among them;(C2) pleurocystidia similar to the cheilocystidia. Pp composed of peiclinal hyphae 7 17 pm across, yellow-brown and encrusted, septa with clamps. Caulocystidia from the very apex ofthe stipe-

Remalks

Typical of this species are its distinctly acutely umbonate, granulose-squa-

mulose pil€us, its occurrence on wet, sandy soils, the largs, irregula y shaped spores, and the poorly differentiated caulocystidia only on the very apex of the stipe. The specios is very variable. Therefore, KUYPER (1986) distinguished four varieties: var, rhacodes with in part catenate cheilocystidia, var. regula/,s with relat.vely broad spores with an average O-value of 1.8, var, bcera (No. 33) with spores havinq a O-value of 2.1-2,9, and var. helobia described here. we include var rhacodes (No. 50) as a separate sp€ci6s, since it distinctly diffels microscopically from the others. Colleclion examined and illustrated Adligenswil LU (Meggerwald), quad. 2167, elsv.580 m, in a wet ditch on sandy-loamy soil near,A/rus, June 11, 1992, coll. FK, 1106-92 K. Oth6r collections: quad. 1967, 2068.

lmbach: included as /rocybe /acera

33

lnocybe

(rnocibium)

laqera = lnocybe dellectens Btilz. (Fr.: Fr.) Kumm. var.

lacera

(Fr.) Ouel.

+

Fam. Codinariaceae Roze Microscopic features

A:

Habitat Usually gregarious, more rarely solitary on dwarf-shrub heaths, on sandy, acid soils, near Salix rctusa or S. hebacea, or il colline then under hardwoods and conifers on acidic, nutrient-poor soils, sometimes also in old burned places. Summer-late summer. Widespread. Distribution: E, NA.

B:

C

Macroscopic featurea

D:

Pileus 10-40 mm across, campanulate with a distinct umbo when young, soon campanulate to almost plane with an obiuse umbo, surface radially ,ibrillose to tomentose, in part with pale appressed fibrillose squamules on a dark brown background, palertoward the margin, margin incurved Ior a long time, hung with whitish-gray Iibrils of the cortina when young, split when old. Flesh creamwhiie to light brownish, thin, odor faintly spermatic, taste mild, musty- Lamellae light brown when young, soon umber-brown to dark red-brown, broad, L = 25-38, I = 1-3, ascending and broadly attached, edges somewhat paler and slightly ciliate. Stipe'15-30 x 2-4 mm, cylindrical, slightly thickened toward the base, solid when young, hollow when old, flexible, surface light ocher-brown when young, later dark brown and covered with pale longitudinal fibrils Ior a long time, almost black-brown toward the base when old.

E:

Spores cylindrical to elliptical, some somewhal constricted or irregularly shaped. smooth, yel'ow-brown. thrck-walled, 10.3-15.6 x 4.6-7 um: O: 1,9-2,8; Vm: 240; spp. umberbrown. Basidia clavate, 25-33 x 10-'11 um, wth 4 sterigmata and a basal clamp. (C1) Cheilocystdra lusiform to venlrrcose. lhick walled. moslly apically encrusted, 45-70 x 12-20 um, walls 1,5-3 pm thick, with abundant clavate cells and cystidioid, 2 3 septate cells with a thick-walled, fusiform terminal element present among them; (C2) pleurocystidia similar to the

cheilocystidia. Pp composed of periclinal, relatively shon-celled hyphae 9-16 ym wide, brown and encrusted, most septa with clamps. Caulocystidioid end cells of the fibrils from the stipe apex.

Remarks lnocybe lacen is very va able macroscopically and micoscopically; thus, various varieties have been described in the lit. FAVRE {1955) descdbed rrocybe riracodes (No. 50) as an alpine species, which KUYPER (1986) reduced lo avatietJ ol I.lacem. Acc. FAVRE op. cit., it differs ftom I /acera by hairson the lamellaredges an addition to the normal cheilocystidia, These hairs are up to 370 Um long, multiply septate, and have cheilocystidioid end cells, which, however, are not encrusted, The collection described here also had such multiplydivided cells inaddationtothe normal cheilocystidia, which, however, were much shorter and not capilliform. BIZIO (1995) also showed such cells for his I /acera v. /acera. For further remarks, see I /acea \. helobia lNo. 32),.

Coll€ction €xamin€d and illustrated

Gadmen BE (Steingletscher), elev. 2000 m, quad. 1767, on sandy gneiss soil among mosses and Sa/x retusa, July 25, 1996. coll. ZW 2507-96 BR.

Other collections: quad. 1967, 1968.

62

- lmbach: included.

lnocybe (lnocibium) inodora

E E

31

N

lnocybe (lnocibium) lacera

E E

ot

Da-i -r-

i

A

.t "et e""tr it ?n l,r

".,-

,,.' 'qfj "'*] q"{

"1"-$fi \\/

fl c, p

l',{' i-ir

'y' i

09 -\o/=-

NWp

,\\\\(flf{E.

4oPrm

'/V

lnocybe (lnocibium) lacera

10 um

R

33

34

lnocybe

(lnocibium)

Stuntz = lnocybe subbrunnea Kihn.

leiocephala +

Fam. Cortinariaceae Roze Mlcrcscopic teatures

A:

Habitat Usually gregarious in coniferous or mixed conifer-hardwood forests under Pic6a or also various hardwoods, colline to subalpine. Summer-fall- Not common. Distribution: E, llA.

Macroscopic Ieatures Pileus 'l S-50 mm across, hemispherical to campanulate when

young, later planoconvex to plane with a pronounced umbo, surface radially Iibrillose to appressed fibrillose-scaly, sepia-brown to umber-brown or chestnut-brown, sometimes also with copper-red tones, margin incurved fora long time, even to undulatjng-fibrillose. Flesh whitish, thin, odor spermatic, taste mild, sourish. Lamellae beigeto faintly ocherish when young, later olive-brownish, broad, L = 25-45.1 - 1-3, notched and narrowly attached. edges whitishciliate. Stipe 20-50 x 245 mm. cyti;dricat, solid. fiagilo. base somewhat bulbous and sometimes slighfly marginate, surface orange-brown, at times somewhat palSr toward-the apex and base, a pruinose over the entire length.

Spores elhpncal ro slightly amygdalilorrYl, smooth, yellow-brown, thickwalled. 8.6-11.7 r 5,2-6,9 Uml O: 1,4-2,0: Vm: 196;no spore print. Basidia cylindricalto clavate,26-30 x 8,F10 Um, with (2)4 sterigmata and a basal clamp, C: (C1) Cheilocystidra fusiform. thick-walled. with apical crystats. 6H0 r 15-22 Um. walls 1,5-3 pm thick. abundart clavale cells present amonq themi (C2) pleurocystidia similarto the cheilocyslidia. D: Pp composed of pedclinal hyphae 5-10 pm across. yellow-brown and stronqly encrusted, some s€Dta with clamDs, E: Caulocystidia from the base ofthe stipe.

B:

Remarks This species could be easily mistaken lor /nocybe ,it iriuscuia (No. 39) in the field, The two species do nol diller very much macroscoprcatly, /nocybe nftld,irscrr/a has a somewhat more slender habitus, its sripe ,s pniinose anty at tho apex for aboul 10 mm and of + the same diameter throughout ita 's remnamsofthe cortina are presenl on lenglh with a bar€ly bulDous base, and the strpe and pileal margin when young, Microscoprcally, its spores are somewhel poinred apically and on6 cannol lind any caulocystdE toward the base of the slipe which r€s€mble the cheilocystidia. Identiiication is probt€malic only old€r frbs. are available and the remains ol the veil can nd longer be recogniied conf idently.

Collection examined and illusbated

Hohenrain LU (fannwald), quad. 2266, elev. 600 m, in a spruce forest on needle litter, Oct.7, 1995, coll. 8A,0710-95 BA 7. Other colloctions: quad. 2066,

21

47.

lmbach: nol included-

35

lnocybe

(tnocibium)

Kiihn.

leucoblema +

Habitat Usually gregarious in coniferous and mixed hardwood-conifer Iorests, also in floodplain forests, in wet places among mosses, colline to subalpine. more rarely on alpine dwarf-shrub heaths. Summer-fall. Not common. Distribution: E.

Macroscopic Ieatures Pileus 20-50 mm across, hemispherical when young, later convex

to somewhat plane and slightly umbonate. surface light ocher brown, sometimes with an olive tint, somewhat darker in the center, finely radially librillose but not squamose, pruinose from the white, librillose veil, glabrescent when old, onlythe margin stitlwith librillose remnants of the cortina hanging from it, margin even to

undulating. Flesh light ocher-yellow to light brownish. thin, odor somewhat sourish, herbaceous, taste mild to somewhat astringent. Lamellae lighi olive-yellow when young. later ocher- to redbrown, broad, L = 4&-55, l= 1-3. notched and broadly attached. edges whitish-ciliate. Stipe 50-70 x 5-9 mm, cylindrical, soon hollow ,lexible, surface light ocher, white{ibrillose over the entire length, especially when young, later glabrescent, but often with an indistinct fibrillose annular zone-

Fam. Cortinariaceae Roze Microscopac ,eeturcs Spores elliptical to slightly fabiform, sometimes also somewhat constricted, smooth, pale yellow, thick-walled, 8,5-12,5 x 5F6,'1 Umt Q: 1,5-2,0;Vm: I58; spp. red-brown. B: Basidis clavate, 33-36 x 8-1 1 p m, with 4 sterigmata and a basal clamp. C: Ch€ilocystidia vesicular io clavate. some with I 3 septa, 23-38 x 9-1 3 Um; no pleurocystidia seen. D: Pp composed of penclinal hyphae 6-12 pm across, the uppormosl hyphae almosl hyaline. the deeper hyphae yellow-brown and in part somewhat encrusted, septa with clamps,

A:

Remarks lnocybe leucobleme belongs to the group around /n ocytE dulcamara (No. 14), which is characlerized primarily by smooth spores and clavate to vesicular, thin-walred, in part multrply septate cheiloc!€tidia without a cap of cryslals. The species treated here has as [s mosl rmportant teature a slveFwhita prui-

nose pileusi also it lacks a fibrillose annulus but has morely an indistinct annularzone, and in addition its spores have a Q < 2,0. Similarcollections with spor€s with a Q > 2,0 should b€ compared .v]tlh l. malenconii Heim ot

Lespiakli

(No. 38).

Collectionexamined and illustated

Klosters-Mombiel GB. quad. 1978, elev. 1270 m, in a floodplarn forest near Oct.8. 1997. coll. U. Botfler.0810 97 BR 10.

Sar,x and Picea,

Other collectiom: quad. 2066.

lmbach: not included.

36

lnocybe (nocibium) Boud.

maculata

+

Habitat

Fam. Cortinariaceae Roze Micrcscopic lgatuaes

Gregarious, more rarely solitary in hardwood forests and mixed hardwood-conifer Iorests with Fagus, Picea, etc., often on the sides of gravel roads. Summer-fall. Widespread. Distribution: E,

A:

NA, As, NAf.

D:

Macrgscopic features Pileus 2G-50 (70) mm across, conical to campanulate when young, later expanded with a distinct, obtuse umbo, surface smooth, finely radially fibrillose, the center dark chestnut-brown

and often pruinose from the white veil, increasingly paler to ocher-

or reddish-brown toward the margin. margin even. radially split when old. Flesh whitish, thin, odor pleasant to fainfly spormatic, taste mild, rather unpleasant. Lamellas whitish to gray-whitewhen young, later olive-brown, broad, L = 7H0, l= 1-5, notched and narrowly attached, edges finely white-ciliate. Stipe 40-60 (80) x 4-8 (10) mm, cylindrical, slightly enlarged toward the base to * distinctly bulbous, almost marginate, solid, surface cream-colored and white-floccose at the apex, increasingly red- to ocher-brown toward the base, base white-tomentose.

B: C: E:

Spores elliptical, amygdaliform, to fabiform, smooth, light yellow-brown, 8-10,5 x 4,4-5,8 Um;Q: 1,6-2,0;Vm: 122; spp. otive-brown. Basidia clavate, 2F40 x 8-10 Um, with 4 sterigmata and a basal clamp. Ch€ilocystidia clavate, 40-65 x 'l 1 -1 I Um; no pleurocystidia seen. Pp compos€d of p€iclinal hyphae 2l-6 Um wide, light brown and lightly encrusted, septa wilh clamps. Caulocystidia from the stipe apex.

R€marks This species belongs to the (llimos€- group, which is characteriz€d by i. a. clavate, non-metuloid cheilocystidia. lt differs from the other species iir this group by the absonce of any discoloralion, the presence ol a whitish vert rn the cent€r of the pileus, and by the red-brown color of the pileus. ll drtfers from the widely distriouted /nocybe rimosa tNo. 531 and ils varieties pnmarity by the width ofthe spores (< 6 um).

Collection examinsd and

Other collections: quad . 2264, 2267 , 2367

lmbach: included.

64

illBtated

Mrjhlau AG (Wallenschwil). quad.2366. elev.420 m. al th€ edge of an unpaved forest road in a mixed hsrdwood-conifer forest, Aug. 21, 1982, coll. BA. 21 08-82 BA 7. .

lnocybe (lnocibium) lerocephala

E

EI

ol NI

flfleh fl ]]ffi0ffi",

1)mtl0 -1

40 pm

lnocybe (lnocibium) leucoblema

D =:J---=l;-:l:_=

lE 01

E-G}*

r=fl,-Q, o

i\/ f, su

,1 '

il Xl:eiLup \ ,/l' v u-r

( )V^ c

ropm

lo)J Q (]

v/u

lnocybe (lnocibium) maculata =-

-._= r\_+::!=.=--=-:-!--.::-=l==-i: -=:A -

D

nd. r\oG ,--'fl]J S, ',iu, \(q %b ab on .u l,

(llll/

l//q \ Vcl

veR

loum

"

37

lnocybe

finocibium)

maculipes

Favre

+

Fam. Codinariaceae Roze Microscopic fealures Spores elliptical to slightly amygdaliform, smooth, yellow-brcwn, thickwalled, 9,2-11,8 x 4,8 6,3 Um; O: 1,6-2,2;Vm: 170; no spore print. B: Basidia clavate, 25-35 x 8-10 pm, wiih (2) 4 sie gmata and a basal

Habitat

A:

Lrsually gregarious to slightly clustered in alpine pastures, mountain meadows, or dwarf-shrub heaths near Dryas octopefala. Summer-tall. Rare. Distribution: E.

C: (Cl) Cheilocystidia cylindrical to fusiform, occasionally ventricose or

Macroscopic feafures Pileus 10-20 mm across, hemispherical when young, later conical to campanulate, at times somewhat umbonale, surrace dull, finely radially fibrillose, covered by the white arachnoid veil when young, later increasingly ocher-brown, center whitish for a long time, margin crenate, with white velar remnants when young. Flesh whitish, slowly browning when cut, especially in the stipe, thin, odor spermatic, taste mild, not distinctive. Lamellae gray-beige when young, later gray- to ocher-brown, broad, L = 36-48, I = 1-3, narrowly attached, edges whitish-ciliate. Stipe 2$-35 x 3-5 mm, cylindrical, solid,Iirm, surface whitish when young, later light ocher and spotting brownish, especially toward the base, entire length fibrillose, only the uppermost apex white-pruinose, according to FAVRE (1955)sometimes with a fugacious annular zone.

clamp.

constricted, thick-walled, barely to distinctly encrusted apically, 5G-75 x 13-20 Um, walls 1-2,5 Um thick, occasional clavale cells present among them; (C2) pleurocystidia similar to the cheilocystbia. D: Pp composed of p€riclinal hyphae 4 7 Um across, yellow-brown and lightly encrusied, hyaline hyphae 1-1.5 Um across (velar fibnls) present above them, septa with clamps. E: Hyphal 6nds from the stipe apex. Remarks Characteristic features ofthis species are its occurence on calcareous soils at alpine elevations near D/yas octopeiala the pileus which is white fibrillose pileus from v€lar remnants, and lhe brown staining of the stipe. /rocybe tereb,rosa (No, 60) and /. submacurbes Favr6 also show a brown to blackish staining on the stipe. /rocybe obscurobadia INo.40) rs microscopically very similar, but its stipe does not discolor brownish and no visible velar remnants remain on the pileus.

Collection examined and illustrated

Grengiols VS {Breithorn), quad. 1365, elev 2,180 m, in a mountain meadow near D,?as, above B(jndner slate, Aug. 16, 1996, coll. Frossard. 1608-96 BR 10

Other collections: none,

lmbach: not included

38

lnocybe

6nocibium)

Bon

nespiakii

+

Habitat

Fam. Cortinariaceae Roze Microscopic foatures

Gregarious in alpine dwarf-shrub communities above calcareous and siliceous soils near Dryas and dwarf willows. Summer. Probably widespread. Distribution: E.

Macroscopic Ieatures Pileus 8-13 mm across, hemispherical when young, later campanulate to plane and obtusely umbonate, surface tibrillose-scaly to finely squanose when dry hazel- to gray-brown, dull, margin incurved and fibrillose for a long time. Flesh whitish, thin, odor weak, somewhat {ishy, taste mild to sweetish. Lamellae light cream-yellow when young, later deep brown, L = 32+6, I = 1-3, broadly attached, edges finely white-ciliate. Stipe 2H0 x 1,5-3 mm, cylindrical, flexible, surface densely longitudinally fibrillose on to reddish-brown background, fibrils pulling apart in places to form an iregular zig-zag pattern, blackening when bruised and when stored. a gray-

A:

B: C: D: Er

Spores ellipticalto cylindrical, smooth, light yellow, thick-walled, 9,8-14 x 4,m,1 pm;Q: 1,8-2,6;Vm: 179;no spore p nt. Basidia slendery clavaie,40-45 x 9-10 pm, with 4 sterigmata and a basal clampCheilocystidia polymorphic, 12-30 x 4,5-7 Um; no pleurocystidia. Pp composed of peiclinal hyphae 5-15 pm across, yellow and strongly encrusted, septa with clamps. Caulocystidia from the apex of the stipe.

Remarks The most slriking feature ofthis species is the long, nanow spores. /nocybs mabnconii Heim var megalospora Stangl & Brsky. also has spores of the same dimensions, and it also is very similarto the species described here in its macroscopic features. However, it differs by its habitat with alders and willows, and by larger, clavate cheilocystidia and differently shaped caulo-

cystidia.

Colleclion examinsd and illustrated Samedan GR (Julierpass), quad. 1577, elev.25OO m, neat Salix herbacaa, Aug. 10, 1998, coll- FK, 1008-98 K-

Olher collirctions: none, lmbach: not included

39

lnocybe

finocibium)

(Britz.) Sacc. = lnocybe fiesii Heim = lnocybe latda KUhr.

nitidiuscula +

Habitat Usually gregarious in conilerous or hardwood foresls, commonly along unpaved lorest roads and pathsides, on basic soils. Colline to montane. Early summerjall. Common. Distribution: E, As, NAI.

Macroscopic features Pileus 10-45 mm across, conical when young, laler campanulate to convex, eventually plane, always with a prominent, r acute umbo, surface dull, finely radially fibrillose to tomentose, dark hazel- to chestnut-brown, paler loward the margin, margin even, with whitish fibrils from thecortina when young. Flesh whitish, pale pink under the cuticle, thin, odor spermatic, sourish, taste mild, earthy-musty. Lamellae gray-white when young, later ocher- to tobacco-brown, broad, L = 28-48, I = 1-3, ascending and narrowly attached, edges whitish-ciliate. Stipe 30-70 x 3-7 pm, cylindrical, solid, ,ragile, base not or only slightly enlarged, surface light ocher and with a pink flush on the upper region, paler to whitish toward the base, whitish-pruinose on the upper third, smooth to slightly longitudinally f ibrillose below.

Fam. Cortinariaceae Roze Microscopic featurEs

A: B: C:

Spores elliptical to amygdaliform, smooth, yellow-brown, thick-walled,

tapered and conical apically,8,7-12,5 x 5,3-7,2 pmi Q: 1,4-2,0; Vm:217i no spore print, Basidia clavate, 26 34 x 9 13 Um, with 4 sterigmata and a basal clamp. (C1) Cheilocystidia fusifom, thick-walled, with apical crystals, 47 75 x 14-21 Um, walls 1-2 Um thick, abundant clavate cells present among them; (C2) pleurocystidia similar to the cheilocystidia.

D: Pp composed of periclinal hyphae 7-12 pm across, with orange-brown

E:

pigmentation and encrusted, some septa with clamps. Caulocystidia from the stipe apex.

Remarks This common species is probably better known by the name I ffles,i. ll is characterized primarily by its usual early occurrence in early summer and by its stip€, which is pink-tinged, is ptuinose only on the upperthird, and has a base which is not or barely enlarged. lt could be confused with I /eiocephala (No. 34), the slip€ of whrch is pruinose over rhe €ntir€ lengih and has a bulbous bas€, and wilh /. fuscdu/a (No. 19). which can be separaled pnmanly by its smaller spores.

Collection eramined and illuslrated Sempach LU (Chiisenrainwald), quad. 2166, elev. 580 m, in a conaferous

forest und€r Picea on a pathside, June 19, 1995, coll. ZW, 1906-95 ZW 1. Other collections: widely distributed throughout th€ r€gion.

lmbach: included

66

as /rocybe fd€sii

l. n€morosa Heim,

lnocybe (lnocibium) maculipes

lnocybe (lnocibium) nespiakii

ET

.7f1@'^ -=

a

o N

10

[m GL

Codlnarius (Phleg.) corrosus

E

E]

Dg

el o

A f:-'. -.

-I

/; ;'l

.,(r',,\tl

.:.___ /..L \ "-n^ 1>- l\'i.'t.)

\/ vt-zi?\

\ rl,\/:ii: / l:...

/ -!-,'-,

\

1:i:,/-:1E

1

o N

'10

pm

202

Gortinarius

(Phres.)

crassus

I

Fam. Cortinariaceae Roze

Fr.

Micrgscopic featurcs

= Cortinarius pseudocrassus Joss. ex- P D. Ort.

Spores + amygdal orm. almost smooth. yellowish. 7,2-10 x 4-5 pm: O: 1.5-2.3: Vm:93: no soore orinl. B: Basidia clavate. 23+2 x 7-9 um, with 4 sterigmata and a basal clamp. C: Ch€ilocvstdE polvmorphic, flexuous, sometrmes rostrate. more rarely somewliat fork;rd, with yellowsh amorphous contents. abundant 25-80 x 7-9 umi pleurocystidia similar and also abundanl. D: Pp composed of pencknal to iregular hyphae 3-7 pm across. hyaline, hiphal lialls weakly gelatinized. septa with clamps. deeper hyphae rela' lii/ely short-celled, 8-1 1 Um across, yellow-brown.

A:

Habitat Usually gregarious in montane coniferous forests near Prbea. Late summer-Iall. Not common. Distribution: E, NA.

Macroscopic features Pileus 40-70 (90) mm across, hemispherical when young, later convex to plane, not umbonate, surface librillose-tomentose to tuberculate-granulose, not lubricous even when moist, or at mosl somewhat viscid, ocher- to reddish-brown, margin incurved for a long time, joined to the stipe by a white lilamentous cortina when young. Flesh whitish, thick, odor faint, pleasant, taste mild, not distinctive. Lamellae cream-colored when young, later ocher to ocher-brown, narrow, L = 70-120, I = 1-3, broadly attached, edges whitish-ciliate. Stipe 40-80 x 15-25 (35) mm, relatively short and thick, cylindrical to ventricose, rarely somewhat clavate or tapered, solid, surface covered with a white fibrillose-woolly veil on a white background, somewhat browning when old. KOH on the flesh yellowish-brown.

R6marks ln addition to the species described here, a Corthaft./s crassus Fr. in the senseofLangeand Henry also has been d€scribed,lt has ashiny, somewhat lubricous pilaus and subglobose spores, no lamellar cystidia, and occurs near hardwoods (MARCHAND 1982\. Cottinaius ba,rteatus (No- 192) pro_ duces similar frbs., but differs by a clavate to bulbous stipe, larger spores, and the absence ol lamellar cystidia. BRANDRUD & al. (1990 tf) placed the sDec6s treated here near C. rubicundulus (No. 178), which has a similar h'abrtus and likewise has colored lamellar cyslidla.

Collection examined 6nd illuslratod

GiswilOW (Sattelpass), quad. 1964, elev. 1500 m, in a montane spruce foresi on needle litter, Sepi. 7, 1981, coll. JB, 0709-81 BR 6. Other coll€ctions: quad. 2475.

lmbach: included as Coltlrarius (lnoloma) crassus

203

Gortinarius (Fr.)

(Phres.)

Fr var. cumatilis

cumatilis

I

Usually gregarious, also in rows and rings, in coniferous Iorests on acidic soils, principally montane. Summer-fall. Not common. Distribution: E, NAf.

Macroscopic features Pileus 50-80 (100) mm across, hemispherical when young, later convex to plane, attimes somewhat indented in the center, surface smooth, satiny when dry shiny and lubricous when moist, blue- to

gray-violet when young, later brownish-violet, lading and with ocherish tints when old, margin incurved lor a long time and joined to the stipe by a pale violet lilamentous cortina when young. Flesh

white. thick. odor weak, not distinctive, taste mild. Lamellae

whitish when young, later pink-ocher to gray-brown, without violet

tones, narrou L = 95-125, I = 3, ascending and + narrowly attached, edges smooth to somewhat crenate. Stipe 40-80 (100)x '10-20 mm, cylindrical to clavate, more rarely somewhat bulbous, fragile, solid, surface white, longitudinally fibrillose and covered primarily when young by a pale violet veil, base almost peronate. KOH on the pileus brown.

Cortinarius Fr.

Fam. Cortinariaceae Roze Microscooic leatul€s

Habitat

204

FL ex L-

(Phtes.)

var. haasii (Mos.) l'/os.

cumatilis

A: Sporei nanowly elliplica. to B: C: D:

amyqdaliform. weakly venucose. ocher' bown. 9,5-12 x 5,4-6,5 um; O: 1,5-2,1; Vm: 198: no spore print

Basidia clavate, 25-35 x 8-1 1 um, with 4 stengmata and a basal clamp. [,4aroinal cells clavate, sparse, 13-16 x 5+ pm; no pleu'ocystidla seen. Pp ciomoosed of + periclnal hyphae or hyphal fragments 2-6 Um across, yellow-brown, some septa with clamps, allgelatinized

Remarks

Thrs beautiful species with a briqhl blu€_vrolet plleus and a contrastlng pale stioe has another varietv, var haasii {No. 204), which grows primarily near haidwoods. and has laniella€ which are blue violet when young. Cod,narius praestans (No. 230) grows in beech forests above chalk and has a strongly

iadiallv winkled piEal margin and significantly larger spores. The blue speciis C. caeruiescens (No. 1 93) Ikewise g rows in hardwood forests but it has a marginate-bulbous stipe,

Collection examined and illusttatod

Hohenrain LU (Otlenrusen), quad. 2266, elev. 600 m. in a conif€rous forest near Picea, am6ng mosses. Sepl.6. 1994. coll. 8A.0609-97 BA 7.

Oth6r collections: quad. 1864.

lmbach: not included.

I

Habitat

Fam. Cortinariaceae Roze Microscooic features

Usually gregarious in hardwood forests above chalk. Summerjall. Rare. Distribution: E.

A:

Soored amvodaliform to citriform, weakly lo moderately verucose, yellow brown.'5,5-11,8 x 5,2-6,3 um; Or '1,5-2,0; Vm: 174; spp. reddish-

Macroscopic leatures Pileus 40-70 (80) mm across, hemispherical to conical when

C:

B:

Basidia clavate, 23-28 x 7-10 !m, wiih 4 sterigmata and a basal clamp. Marginal cells basidiole)ike,12-22 x 4-7,5 Vm; no pleurocystidia seen. Pp ,omposed of periclinal to irregular hyphae or hyphal fragm€nts 2-7 Um across, yellow-brown. septa wth clamps. allgelatlnized.

young, later convex to plane, with an obtuse umbo or somewhat indented in the center, surface smooth, dull, lubricous when moist, blue when young, later discoloring ocher- to purple-brown, margin inrolled fora long time, even. Flesh dingy whitish, thin, odor slightlyspicy, taste mild, herbaceous. Lamellae blue-violet when young, later lihc-brown, broad, L = 75-90, I = 5-7, notched and some subdecurrent, edges slightly crenate. Stipe 4H0 (70) x &12 (15) mm, cylindrical, base with a bulb up to 20 mm in diameter, fragile, solid to narrowly hollow, surface when young whitish and longitudinally fibrillose rrom the blue veil, later brownish. KOH on the flesh brown without a yellow border.

D:

Remarks

The vanetv descnbed here diflers from the typ.cal varieiy (No.203) by a more

slender h,bilus, chielly a strikrngly thinner stipe with a distinct basal bulb, bl,re-violet lamella€ when young, rather c(nform spores. and by its occur_ rence in hardwood lorests. Two similar phlegmaciums with a blue violet prleus and blue-viol€t lamellae when young likewise occur in hardwood iorests. These are C. caeru/escens (No. 193) and C. sodagnitus (No.238). both ol which. however, have a ma/grnate bulb.

Collection exemined and illustrated

Coffrane NE, quad. 2055, elev. 700 m, in a mixed forest near Fagus, Oct. 16, 1997, coll. FK, 1610-97 K 4.

Other collections: none.

lmbach: not included.

Cortinarius (Phleg.) crassus

lc

Di lo :A

' f\, c

l\ lla /N

rE

@o \lr:

a>\,, ( \

c)w

o=

IY

io r,r-

[[ Cortinarius (Phleg.) cumatilis

p-ro

\W t$a

r1,ryi/V) Y,

/l

Ie

b, ?aa

OEp

nrrR .,, 0! {\rc

10 pm

Cortinarius (Phleg.) cumatilis

D

l= lo* l$

a-tr

\ -A\{ ,/

\J"n

r-('\

Nr( N( B til\r Ie "l 'l r\, 1 \Y\/ \.\ /r ^t1 )^ lR r\. I

!ll'nV' irA n17

lJ ^"

a\--Z-fJ

"S'

//^l V--".,,--\-J

(,/C\\-)

205

Gortinarius

(Phteg.)

Brandrud =

cupreorufus I

Fam. Cortinariaceae Roze

Coftinaius (Phleg.) orbhalceus (Batsch) Fr ss. auctMicroscopic features

A: Spores amygdalilom to citriform, strongly

Habitat Solitary to gregarious in conilerous and mixed forests on calcareous soils. usually near Plcea. primarily montane. Summer-fall. Not common. Distribution: E.

Macroscopic features Pileus 40-70 (100) mm across, hemispherical when young, later

convex to plane, not umbonate but at times somewhat indented in

the center, surface smooth, dull when dry shiny and lubricous when moist, gray-olive when young, later orange- to copperbrown. paler to olive toward the margin. margin incurved, even, joined to the stipe by a light yellow filamentous codina when young- Flesh whitish to light gray-green, pale wine-red in the base of the stipe. thick. odor not striking. taste mild. Lamellae sulfuryellow to olive-green when young. later brown-olive, narrow, L = 65-80, I = 3, notched and narrowly attached, edges crenate.

Stipe 30-70 x 12-20 mm. cylindrical with a marginate-bulbous

base up to 35 mm across, solid. fragile. surlace pale yellow to light greenish-yellow and longitudinally fibrillose. bulb purple- to winered from the veil, especiallythe margin. The entire frb. is pale wine-

B: C: D:

pfi

verrucose, yellow-brown,

Q:1,4-1,9i Vm: 227; no spore print. Basidia clavate,28+5 x 8-12 Um, with 4 steigmala and a basalclamp.

9,2-12 x 5,7-7

Ivlarginal cells basidiolo-like, 15-25 x 6,5+ Um; no pleurocystidia s6€n. Pp composed of + periclinal hyphae or hyphal fragments 2-7 Um across. pale red-brown and in part encrusted, septa with clamps. All gelatinized.

Remerks This species is very clos€ to Cortinaius ocloifer \No. 223), which likewise occurs in coniferous forests abovechalk and is macroscopically simitar, but dii fers by a striking odor of anise and bright greenish-yellow flesh. Cortlharus n roorvaceus (No. 235) is also very closely related. However, it grows in hardwood forests near Fagus or Ouercus and has distinct violet tones on the pileal margin and stipe.

Collection examined and illustratod Fiesch VS, quad. 1365, elev. 1180 m, in a montane coniferous lor€st on needle litter, Oct.6, 1994, coll. Frossard, 0610-94 BR 10. Other collections: none.

lmbach: included as Corlirarius (Phlegmacium) orichalcars Fr ex Batsch.

red when dry. KOH on the flesh yellow at first, later turning greenish and then red- or wine-brown.

206

Cortinarius

(phtes.)

Hry.

dionysae

I

Fam. Cortinariaceae Micloscopic fealurcs

Roze

A:

Habitat

Gregarious to slightly clustered in conilerous and hardwood forests. Late summer-fall. Rare. Distribution: E, NA, NAf.

Macroscopic features Pileus 40-100 (120) mm across, hemispherical when young, later convex to plane and somewhat indented to slightly umbonate in the center, surface finely radially fibrillose, strongly lubricous and shiny when moist, dull when dry, light gray- to olive-brown, marginal zone paler, margin incurved for a long time and joined to the stipe by a white filamenlous cortinawhen young. Flesh white, thin, light blue-violet in the stipe, odor Iarinaceous to cucumber-like, taste mild, strongly farinaceous. Lamellae gray-blue when young, later gray-violet to gray-brown, broad, L = 80-130, I = 3-5, + broadly attached, edges crenate. Stipe 5G80 (100)x 1G-15 mm, cylindrical, with a marginate bulb up to 30 mm across, Iragile, solid, surface gray-blue when young, later fading, becoming light olive-brown with a bluish apex. KOH on the flesh negative to faintly yellowish. Lugol's on the flesh yellow-orange.

Spores citriform io amygdalilorm. moderatoly verrucose. ocheFyellou 9-1 I x 5-6.2 pm: O: 1.5-1,9t Vm: 163: no spore print. B: Basidia clavate, 26-31 x 9-10 pm, with 4 sterigmata dnd a basalclamp. C. Marginal cells cylindrical to clavate, with two or three septa, 18+5 x 3-9 Um; no pleurocystidia seen. D: Pp composed of p€riclinal to irregular hyphae 3-7 Um across, hyaline, in part lightly encrusted, allgelatinized, septa with clamps. Remarkg Although the color of ihe pileus ofthis speci€s is v€ry variable, rangino from gray-lilac through dingy ocher to gray-brown, and the basal bulb can be almost abs€nt to distinctly marginate, this species is easy to recognize in the field by its typicalfarinaceous odor and taste. While this feature often occurs in the families lrbholomataceae and Entolomataceae, to our knowledge it is found in only a very few species of Colthar,'./s, e. g. in C- (Phleg.) flavovirqs Hry. and C. (Myx.) buwceus Hry. Coftinaius clionysee can be confused with C- glaucopus var olivaceus (No. 211), which also occurs in conilerous forests near Picea, but lacks a farinaceous odor and taste and has elliptical, rather than citrif orm, spores.

Collection examined and illustrated

Sdrenberg LU (Laubercmadghack), quad. '1864, elev. 1300 m, in a wet coniferous forest near Prcea and Plnus, Sept. 29, 1998, coll. FK, 2909-98 K 1.

Other collections: quad. 2268.

lmbach: not included.

207

Cortinarius (Fr.)

(phres.)

Fr,

elegantior I

Habitat

Fam. Cortinariaceae Roze Microscopic features

Usually gregarious in coniferous forests above chalk, acc. lit. more rarely in hardwood forests, primarily near Plcea and Ab,'es, colline to subalpine. Summer-fall. Widespread. Distribution: E, NA.

A:

Macroscopic fgatures

D:

Pileus 50-'150 mm across, hemispherical when young, later con-

vex to plane and sometimes depressed in the center, surface smooth to finely innately radially librillose. lubricous and shiny when moist, satiny when dry yellow-ocher, olive-yellow, to reddish-brown, disc somelimes with velar remnants, margin incurved for a long time, even, joined to the edge ofthe bulb on the stipe by a whitish to pale ocherish filamentous cortina when young. Flesh whitish to cream-yellow, sometimes slightly reddish in the base of the stipe, thick in the center of the pileus, thin toward the margin, odor weak. not distinctive to pastry-like. taste mild. Lamellae pale yellow when young, later reddish-brown with an olive tint, broad, L = 70-92. I = 3-5, notched and broadly attached. edges crenate. Stipe 50-80 0OO) x 15-25 mm, cylind'rical. base md'rginate-bulbous, bulb up to 45 mm in diameter. solid to pithy-hollow' surface sulfuFy€llow when young, later browning. irregularly fibrillose over

the entire lenoth. KOH on the flesh pink, particularly in the base of the stipe, on the pileal cuticle red-brown.

178

B: C:

Spores citrilorm, sirongly verucose, ocher-brown, '11,5-15,2 x 6,5-9 ym; O: 1,4-1,9;Vm:439; no spore p nt. Besid a clavate. 33--42 x 9,5-14 Um, with 4 sierigmata and a basalclamp. Marginalcells basidiole-like, 18-22 x 8,5-12 !m;no pleurocystidia seen. Pp compos€d of periclinal to ascending hyphae or hyphal fragments 3-7 Um across, yellow-brown, som€ septa with clamps, allg€latinized.

The slocky habilus. yellow colors. and the ma.ginate.bulbous slipe base are

features which are not unusual rn bulbopodiums. also occurring e. g. in Cottineius alcalinophitus (No. 183), an adsociaie of beech foresii, an-d C. multifomis \af. conilenrum lNo. 218), which occurs in coniferous forests near Picea and has only a weakly marginate bulb. Characteistic ofthe latter spocies is an odor of honey, especrally rn lhe base ofth6 stip€. and its usually white-pruinose pileus.

Collection examined and illustrated Giswil OW, quad. 1965, elev.600 m, in a mixed forest near Plcea, among mosses, S6pt.5, 1976, coll. WS,0509-76 WS 8. Other collections: quad. 1864, 1966, 2066, 2167.

Codinarius (Phleg.) cupreorulus

205

D;

o .i-

.....--

A

(br) -, ..-.[:.](:itr

s+?7,'" (ii:\'- (":tj) \1"2

\2

10

!m

Cortinarius (Phleg.) dionysae

E] EI

ol Nl

E

$

{a1 - .,-.\r r\l:',/

\frz

[:,,J{,..,,\

r.\L7^\' / \:.:l:\y''.: \-

v)sr,_ (.l(;,',

E

o (\

i

'10

um

Cortinarius (Phleg.) elegantior

EI E

,D .:_

n^\, \

o coL

F

f

o A -1-t

=\r[y frh1,i\ u4!1"!) ffil\L!/-.1 ""1llt:\v

w.\ lii;) _ (:_;9,,

c

I

to

prm

208

Cortinarius(phres.)elegantissimus Hry

I

Roze Microscopic Ieatures

= Coftinaius au@ntioturb,rafus (Secr.) Lge. = Phlegmacium aureotu,brratum (Secr.) Mos. = Coriinarius sulfurinus Rick

A:

Habitat

D:

Usually gregarious in hardwood forests above chalk, always near Fagus. Fall. Not common. Distribution: E.

Macroscopic features

Pileus 6H0 (1'10) mm across, hemispherical when young, soon convex to plane, at times somewhat indented in the center when old, surface strongly slimy and shiny when moist, bright yellow with an olive tint, orange-yellow to orange-red toward the center, brown-spotted to radially brown-fibrillose, margin incurved for a long time, joined to the stipe by pale fibrils of the cortina when young. Flesh pale yellow, especially toward the surrace, whitish in the core, thick, odor pastry-like, taste mild. Lamellae yellow with an olive tint when young, later increasingly brown with an olivetint, narrow, L = 84-90, I = 3-5, r broadly attached, edges slightly undulating and somewhat crenate. Stipe 60-90 (100)x 13-20 mm, cylindrical, solid, fragile, surface sulfur-yellow, base marginatebulbous, up to 35 mm across, fibrilloselrom the veilwhich is at first green-yellow, then orange-brown. KOH on the pileal cuticle red, on the flesh pink-violet.

209

Fam. Cortinariaceae

Cortinarius

(Phtes.)

B: C:

Spores citriform, strongly verrucose, yellow-brown, '12-'14,6 x 8-9,5 Um; O: 1,rFl,7i Vm: 530; spp. red-brown. Basidia clavate,3T-45 x 11-13 Um, with 4 sterigmata and a basalclamp. Marg inal cells clavate, 13-21 x 6-1 1 pm; no pleurocystidia seen. Pp composed of psiclinal to ascending hyphae 2-5 pm across, orange-

brown and encrusted, upparmost layer g6latiniz6d, some septa with clamps.

Remarks This species could be confused with various yellow phlegmaciums wth a marginate basal bultr which occur in hardwood forests. The following features are characteistic of it: KOH on the pileal cuticle red, on the flesh pinkviolet, and the larg€, coarsely verrucose, citiform spores. Other yellow bulbopodiums of beech forests on chalk are Cortiralus alcalinophilus \No.1A3l with yellow flesh and smaller spores, c- cit,rus {No. 199) wilh greenishyellow frbs,, as well as members of the calocr,ous group, which have lilac lamellae. Probably because of the confusing synonymy, BRANDRUD et al. (1 990 fi.) chose the epithet C. e/egartlssimos Hry for this species.

Collection examined and illustrated St. Blaiso NE, quad- 2056, elev. 620 m, in a beech forest above chalk, Oct. 14, 1997, coll. ZW 1410-97 ZW. Other collections: quad. 2055.

lmbach: included as Coftinaius (Phleg.) aunntio-turbinalus Secr6tan ss. Ls€.

glaucopus I

Fam. Cortinariaceae

(Schaeff.: Fr.) S. E Gray var. acyaneus Mos.

Habitat

Microscopic leaturcs

Gregarious in coniferous forests near Plcea, primarily montane to subalpine. Late summer-fall. Distribution: E.

Macroscopic leatures Pileus

3H0

Roze

mm across, hemispherical when young, later convex

lo planeand not oronly slightly umbonate, surface strongly radially fibrillose to almost wrinkled, strongly slimy when moist, satiny

when dry ocher- to orange-brown, brown-spotted with increasing age, margin incurved for a long time and joined to the stipe by a white cortina. Flesh whitish to yellowish, thick in the center of the

pileus, thin toward the margin, odor not distinctive, taste mild. Lamellae whitish to cream-colored when young, later deep ocherbrown, broad, L = 75-110, I = 3, notched, narrowly attached, edges smooth to slightly crenate. Stipe 4G-70 x &-'12 mm, clavate to slightly bulbous, bulb up to 25 mm across and only indistinctly marginate, solid, fragile, surface densely white-fibrillose over the entire length when young, laier discoloring ocherish. KOH on the llesh brownish.

A:

Spores elliptical to amygdaliform, moderately verucose, ocher-yellow, 7-9,2 x 4,7-6 !m; Q: 1,3-1,6;Vm: 124; no spore print. B: Basida clavate. 29-35 x 8-10 Um. w h 4 slerigmata and a basalclamp. C: Marginalcells basrdiole-like. 15-23x 5-7 Uml no pleurocystidla seen. D: Pp composed of periclinal hyphae 2,5 5 pm across, hyaline to yelLowbrown and in part encrusted and gelatinized, septa with clamps. Remarks Since this species, wh ch is described in [ilOSER (1960), has no blue tones at all, one would be inclined to look for it not in subsection G/aucopodes, but in

subsection Multiform€s, wh€re species with a similar habitus and similar colors are found, such as Cortirar,us a//utls (No. 184), C, clancolor \No.2OOJ, C. lurmalis (No. 245), and c. yesperfirus Fr. However, allthese species have a smooth to at most slightly radially fibrillose pileus and generally longer

Collsction examined and illustrated

Oberiberg SZ (Ried), quad. 2170, elev. 1200 m, at the edge of a mixed forest in grass, Sept. 26, 1995, coll. JB, 2609-75 BR 4.

Other collections: non€,

lmbach: not included.

21O

Cortinarius

(phres.)

glaucopus I

Fam. Cortinariaceae Roze

(Schaeff.: Fr.) S. E Gray var. glaucopus

Habitat Usually in troops or rows, also in lairy rings, in conirerous forests or atthe edges oI forests near Picea, colline to subalpine. Fall. Distribution: E, NA, NAf.

Macroscopic features Pileus 50-100 mm across, hemispherical when young, later convex to plane and often undulating, surface smooth, lubricous when moist, dullwhen dry strongly radially fibrillose, often even with foxbrown waw radial streaks, with paler velar remnants in the center,

ocher-yellow to reddish-ocher, often yellowish with an olive tint toward the margin, margin even, incuryed for a long time. Flesh whitish to cream-colored, thin, with a blue tint in the apex ol the stipe, almost odorless, taste mild, insipid. Lamellae gray-violet when young, later increasingly rust-brown, broad, L = 8G-100, I = 3 (5), r broadly attached, edges slightly crenate. Stipe 5H0 x '10-15 (20) mm, cylindrical, with only a small bulb, base often only truncate, fragile, solid, surface when young blue to lilac-blue and covered with the bluish fibrillose veil, later glabrescent and reddish to yellow-brown. KOH on the tlesh brown.

Microscopic tealurcs

A: Spores elliptical to ocherbrown, 7,7-10

amygdaliform, weakly x

4,3+,7 um; Q: 1,6

to

2,1 ;

moderately verrucose, Vm: 12'1; no spore print.

B: Basidia clavate, 22-34 x 7,5-9 Um, wiih 4 sterigmata and a basal clamp. C: Marginalcells basidiole-like, 16-20x ffi Um;no pleurocystidia seen. D:

Pp composed of periclinal to ascending hyphae 2-7 Um across, hyalineto yellow-brown and lightly encrusted, gelatinized, subcutis yellow-brown, septa with clamps.

Remarks Charactsristic of this species are the blue lamellae when young, the bluish stipe with a small bulb or truncate base, the red-brown radially fibrillose lo wa\y-streaked pileus with an olive-yellow marginal zone, and the small spores. Codrhari.rs var'ecolor (No. 246) occurs in similar habitats and has similar colors on the pileus, lamellae, and stipe. but it has a blue-violet pileal margin and a clavate stipe, and is striking because of its obtrusively eanhydusty odor

Collection examined and illuslrated Ageri ZG (Brand), quad. 2168, elev. 1120 m, in a montane spruce forest on needle littet Aug- 15, 1977, coll. JB, 1508-77 BR 1. Other collections: none.

lmbach: included.

Cortinarius (Phleg.) elegantissimus

sf

\\ --lr\

D lq r3

*,oi(# #\r:4;?\ iiYfri.rt '(i\{.ir4

< '.'!

.=-\fl9

^,\ (P,)-fiikr9 ..1'l l.: .,-/

10 pm

Cortinarius (Phleg.) glaucopus

)nn t( \/" '/

(\t

^ttr

)^^V )t \ t,li

(/

\]HNVr IR \1 h ''Hc Cortinarius (Phleg.) glaucopus

r\s' \lti V\

U$ 0 Vr= )

Quq

tl)I

C

lo IN

10 pm

ET

EI

rrl (\ll

211

Cortinarius

(phtes.)

glaucopus I

Fam. Cortinariaceae

(Schaetf.: Fr.) S. E Gray var. olivaceus Mos.

Habitat Gregarious to slightly clustered in mixed forests near Picea and Ables, colline to subalpine. Fall. Rare. Distribution: E.

Macroscopic features Pileus 50-90 (110) mm across, hemispherical when young, tater convex to plane and undulating, sudace smooth, radially fibrillose and in part with gray-brown wavy streaks, lubricous and shiny when moist, dullto satinywhen dry ocher-yellowto reddish-brown in the center, increasingly olive-ocher to greenish-yellow toward the margin, margin even and acute, incurved Ior a long time. Flesh whitish, thin, usually gray-blue in the stipe, odorweak, not distinctive, taste mild. Lamellae deep blue-violet when young, later pinklilac to rust-brown, broad, L = 90-110, I = 3-5, broadly attached, edges crenate. Stipe 50-80 x 12-20 mm, cylindrical, base with a marginate bulb up to 30 mm across, fragile, solid, surface when young blue-violet and longitudinally whitish-fibrillose, apex sometimes whitish, later glabrescent and reddish-brown. KOH on the pileal flesh brown.

Roze Microscopic leatures

A:

B: C: D:

Spores ellipticalto amygdaljform, weakly to moderately verucose, reddishocher, 7-9,2 x 4,5-5,4 !m; Q: 1,4-1,9; Vm: 101; no spore print. Basidia clavate.2l-30 x 7+.5 um. wfih 4 steriomata and a basalclamD N,,argrnal cells cylindrical

lo cdvate, 12-25 x

i7

pmi no pteurocystidia

Pp composed of periclinal lo ascending hyphae 2-7 Um across, hyaline

to light yellow and n part lightly encrusted and qelatinized, seiia with

clamps, Remarks

This variety ditfers ftom the typical vanety by the distrnci olive iones on the pil6us. the faintness lo complele absence of fox-brown wavy radiat frorits,

and by the conspicuously niarginate basal butb. ll could be aonfused with Corlmanus diorysee (No.206), the prleal surface ol which, however, is eventy colored and neverradially streaked. ln addilion, it hasa dislinctly farinaceoua odor and taste, and has c r,lom. larger spores 9-1 1 x 5-6 Um.

Collection examined and illustrated Adlgenswil LU (Muhlegg). quad.2167, elev 600.n, in a mixed loresi near Picea and Abies, Ocl. l, 1998, coll. fK,0110-98 K 1. Other collections: non6,

lmbach: not included.

212

Cortinarius(phtes.) inamoenus Favre

I

Habitat Gregarious, more rarely solitary in montane and subalpine coniIerous lorests neat Picea, Prhus, and Larx. Summer-fall. Rare. Distribution: E.

Fam. Cortinariaceae Roze Micrcscopic leatuEs Spores elliptical to amygdal om. moderately verrucose, yellow-brown,

A:

10,5-15 x 6.2-7.7 pm: O: 1,5-2,0i Vm. 337t 10 spore print.

B: Basidia slenderly cavate.38-45 x 9,5-12 Um, wth4 sterigmala and

Ci

Macroscopic Ieatures

D:

Pileus 5(F100 mm across, hemispherical when young, later convexto plane and attimes somewhat indented in the center, surface dull when dry lubricous when moist, pal€ brown to dingy ocherbrown, marginal zone covered with whitish velar remnants when young, margin even and acute. Flssh white, at times somewhat yellowing, thick in the center of the pileus, thin toward the margin, odor moldy to earthy, unpleasant, taste mild. Lamellae claycolored when young, later deep ocher-brown, broad, L = 48-63, I = 3-5 (7), broadly attached, edges crenate. Stipe 80-100 ('120) x 15-20 mm, cylindrical, base at times somewhat tapered, solid, fragile, surface whitish when young, later light brown and slightly longitudinally tibrillose. KOH and NH3 on the flesh bright yellow.

basal clamp. Neither marginal cells nor cystidia seen. Pp composed of periclinal hyphae or hyphal fragments 2-5

!m

a

across,

uppemost layer hyaline, hyphae below yellow-brown, all gelatinized,

some septa wrth clamps.

Remarks Characteristic of this rare specres are ts obtrus,ve and unpleasant motdy odor. which rs reminiscenl o1 Codinaius uanecolor (No. 246), and its larqi) spores. Cortinari./s balteatoa/bus (No. 190) and C. crassrrs (No. 202) can likewise be lound in montane to subalprne coniterous forests. However, bolh showa yellow-brown r€aclion to KOH on the flesh, lhet. odor is pleasant. and their spores are significantly smaller.

Collection oxamined and illusEated Fiesch VS, quad. 1465, elev 1160 m, in a coniferous forest, Oct.

'11, 1990,

coll. Frossard, 1110-90 BR'lO. Other collections: none.

lmbach: not included.

213

Cortinarius (Pers.: Fr.)

(Phres.)

Fr.

infractus

I

Habitat Usually gregarious or grouped in colline to subalpine hardwood and coniferous lorests, primarily on calcareous soils. Summer-fall. Common. Distribution: E, NA, NAf.

Macroscopic features Pileus 30+0 ('100) mm across, hemispherical when young, soon plane with a large, obtuse umbo, surface r smooth, dull and Iinely appressed-fibrillose when dry especially toward the margin, shiny and lubricous when moist, gray-olive when young. soon ocherbrown to hazel-brown and often with an olive tint, marginal zone often water-spotted, margin acute. Flesh dingy white, tinged violet in the stipe apex, yellow-brown under the cuticle, thick in the center o, the pileus, thin toward the margin, odor not distinctive, taste very bitter. Lamellae black-olive when very young, soon gray-olive to olive-brown, broad, L = 72-AO,I = 3-5 (7), narrowly attached and sometimes decurrent by a small tooth, edges wavy and slightly crenate. Stipe 4G-70 x 10-20 mm, cylindrical, r clavate to bulbous toward th6 base. lragile, solid, surface whitish when young, with a + fibrillose annular zone, apex often with a bluish tint, later gray-ocher with an olive tint, ocher-brown toward the base, sparsely covered with whitish velar fibrils. KOH on the flesh gray, Lugol's on the flesh not wine-red. 142

Fam. Cortinariaceae Roze Microscopic teaturcs

A: B: C: D:

Spores subg lobose to globose, strongly verrucose, honey-brown, 6,H x 5,5-6,8 pm;O: 1,G-1,3;Vm: 141; no spore p nt. Basidia cylindricalto clavate, 28-35 x 7,5-9 pm, with 4 sterigmata and a

basalclamp. N/arginal cells basidiole-like, clavate,

1

4-30 x 6-9,5 Um; no pleurocysiidia

t

periclinal hyphae or hyphal fragments 2-7 Um across, strongly gelatinized, light olive-brown, subcutis composed of hyphaewith Pp composed of

cylinddcal to oval cells 24-60 septa with clamps.

x 12 20 !m, light brownish, occasional

Remarks The somber brown pileus with an olive tint, the olive-gray lamellae, the bitter taste, and the bluish stipe apex are good recognition characters for this species. lt is relatively abundant in hardwood and coniferous forests. MOSER

(1960) included lo. olivellum Mos. as w€ll as var obscurocyaneum Secr, which dffer in color and €cology from the typrcalvari€ty. lllustrations of each documenl the drfferences. Cortrna,irs cotoneus {No. 170) is smibr in color and habitus. However, il has a tomentose, non slimy pileal surface, is not bitter, and occurs exclusively in hardwood forests noar Fagus.

Coll€clion examined and illustrated Seelisberg UR (Iannwald), quad.2068, elev 860 m, in a mixed hardwood forsst near Fagus, Sept.9, 1996, coll. ZW 0909-96 BB 3. Othor collections: quad . 1A64, 1965,2066,2270.

lmtach: included.

Codinarius (Ph eq.) qlaucopus

211

E E

R

E

D1 o

/'\.\i_>__1

.lta)

(:aa(; \.-r' \) .:< Lti->r-)

,/

10 um

JB

Cofl nar us (Phleg.) namoenus

E

E

212

o

-t. "=

t'l

t

loti

'"',lil

\ii

'

I

i

i, rlt ). B 1l i'j l

n

ZO

1-r

m

E E

o

-D

E

o

1:\ t,,/' v-.1 t,"l .: \*^ '! \,.:.,

)

I

.!i)(;i'.l;n ''Jfi}]'i".{ *d',\'Y=

"ir' l::i)

C

10 Lrm

213

214

Cortinarius

(Phreg.)

kuehneri

Mos.

I

Habitat

Microscopic featurcs

amygdaliform. weakly to moderately verucose, yellow-brown, 9,2-12,7 x 5,2-€,5 um; O: 1,5-2,3;vm: '191; no spore print. Basidia cylindricalto clavate, 36-{0 x 9-11 pm, with 4 ste gmata and a basal clamp. L{arginalcells basidiole-like. with amorphous yelowish contents.2l-35 x 7-8,5 !m; no pleurocystidia seen. Pp composed of periclinal to irregular hyphae 3-8 pm across, not gelatiniz6d, uppermost hyphae pale yellow and lightly €ncrust€d, subcutis + cellular and brown-encrusted. some septa with clamps,

Usually gregarious in stands of green alders, subalpine. Summer.

A: Spor€s €lliptical to

Widespread. Distribution: E.

B:

Macroscopic features Pileus 15-35 (50) mm across, hemispherical when young, later convex to plane, not or only slightly umbonate, surface dull, not viscid or slimy even when moist, finely appressed-fibrillose to tomentose, yellow-ocher at first, later ocher- to hazel-brown, somewhat reddish-brown when old, margin incurved lor a long time, acute, somewhat projecting beyond the lamellae, joined to

C:

the stipe by a gray-white filamentous cortina when young- Flesh whitish to light ocher, thick in the center of the pileus, thin toward the margin, odor obtrusively dusty, very unpleasant, taste mild, slightly nutty. Lamellae light gray when young, later gray-ocher, sometimes with a Iaint blue tint, ocher-brown when old, broad, L = 3H4, I = 1-3, notched and broadly attached, edges undulating to crenate. Stipe 30-70 x 5+ mm, cylindrical, slightly clavate toward the base, solid when young, hollow when old, surface with paler longitudinal ,ibrils on a light ocherish background, apex with a bluish tint when young, increasingly brown-tinted below. KOH on the pileus or flesh yellow-brown.

215

Fam. Cortinariaceae Roze

Gortinarius

(Phres.)

largus

D:

Remark! lfone is not careful

in judging the KOH reaction while identifying this species,

one could incorrectly arrive d Cotlinarius (Tel-) sinapl2ans Mos., which likewise has a dry pileus and occurs with green alderc. Howev€r, the latter has a hygrophanous pileus and a brown-black KOH reaction on the pileus and flesh, which unequivocally places it in subgenus lelamonia. C- kuehnei is an atypical species of Phlegmacium. lts dry pileus and the structurs of the pp would actually fii the subgenus Ssrceocybe better

Collection exsmined and illustrsted

M€ien-Fernigen UR, quad. 1768, elev 1650 m, near,4/n0s virUls, Sept. 8, 1996, coll. RM, 0809-96 BB 10.

Othe. collections: widespread

in all stands of green alders.

lmbach: not included.

I

Fam. Cortinariaceae Roze

Fr.

Microscopic lealurcg

Habitat

Ai

Solilary to gregarious in hardwood Iorests, primarily near Fagus. Summer-Iall. Rare- Distribution: E.

Bi

C:

Macroscopic teatures

Pileus 4H0 (100) mm across, hemispherical when young, later convex to plane, surface smooth, slightly lubricous when moist, dull to satiny when dry pale lilac when young, later increasingly light ocher, cream-colored to whitish toward the margin, margin incurved ror a long time. Flesh white with a lilac tint, thick, odorless to faintly like iodine, taste mild, insipid. Lamellae only faintly pale lilac when young, later increasingly rust-brownish, narrow, L = 90-108, I = 3, notched and narrowly attached, edges crenulate. Stipe 70-90 (100)x 15-20 mm, cylindricalto clavate, base upto 30 mm across, solid, fragile, surface pale lilac when young, later fading to whitish to light ocher, apex usually remaining lilac and base slightly browninq. KOH on the flesh yellow

D:

Spores elliptical to slightly emygdaliform, weakly to moderetely verucose, y€llow-brown, 9,5-11 x 5,2+,2 Um;O: 1,6-2,1; Vm: 175i no spore print. Basidia clavate, 2&-33 x 7,5-9 Um, with 4 sterigmata and a basal clamp. ldarginal cells basidiole-like, 8-20 x 7-8,5 Um, not abundanti no pleurocystidia seen, Pp composed of periclindl hyphee 2-7 pm acrcss, yellow-brown and lightly encrust€d, upp€rmost layer weakly golatinized, some septa with clamps,

Remarks The yollow KOH reaction on th6 fl6sh means that this species should be sought in sec, Vaiecolores. Characteristic of C. /a/gus are the pale frbs., which have pale lilac tones only wh6n young, the absence of an earthy odor, and its occunence in hardwood forests near Fagus- Coftina us nemorensis (No. 222) belongs to the same circle of forms and occurs in the same habitats. but it has less pale and more strongly violel fllcs,. an unpleasant musty€anhy odor, and somewhat larger spores. Corliranls anserhus (No. 187) is somewhat similar, but the flesh does not have a yellow KOH reaction. The related species c. yarlecolor {No. 246) occurs in montane spruce forests. lt often grows in troops or fairy rings, ats pileus is brown-violet with a violet margin when young aod is rather dark red-brown when old, and its odor is strongly earthy.

Colleclion examinod and illustrated

Brunnen SZ (UrmibeQ), qued. 2068, elev 700 m, in a be6ch for€st above

chalk, Aug. 2, 1977, coll. Neff.0208-77 NE.

Other collections: quad. 1966.

216

Cortinariusphtes.l (Hry.) Mos.

lividoviolaceus

I

Habitat Solitary to gregarious or slightly clustered in hardwood or mixed forests, preferentially near Fagus and Quercus. Fall. Rare. Distribution: E.

Macroscopic teatures Pileus 40-90 mm across, hemispherical when young, later convex, eventually plane and otten undulating, surface smooth to radially fibrillose, dull when dry lubricous and shiny when moist, pale violet when young, ater becoming gray- to red-brownish from the center outward, marginal zone remaining violet for a long time, margin inrolled and joined to the stipe by a pale lilac, ,ilamentous cortina when young. Flesh pale violet, thick, odor laint, pleasantly sweetish and ,ruity, especially in the base of the stipe, taste mild, somewhat nutty. Lamellae deep violet when young, later gray- to lilac-brown, narrow, L = 80-90, l= 3-5, narrowly attached, edges slightly to strongly crenate. Stipe 40-6,0 x 14-25 mm, clavate to ventricose, base up to 30 mm across,lragile, solid, surface violet when young, later turning reddish-brown from the base upward. KOH on the flesh faintly yellow, with NH3 sirongly chrome-yellow

Fam. Cortinariaceae Boze Microscopic ,6aturEs Spores elliptical to amygdaliform, moderately verrucose, yellow-brown, 8,$-10,7 x 5+,9 um;Q: 1,6-2,1;Vm: 14'1; spp. olive-brown.

A:

Bi

Basidia clavate, 22-28 x 8-10 pm. with 4 sterigmata and a basal clamp-

C: lvlarginal cells basidiole-like, 14-22 x 7+,5 !m; no pleurocystidia seenD: Pp composed of periclinal, in part ascending hyphae 3-5 pm across,

+ hyalineand weakly gelatinized, subcutis brown, in part lightly encrusted, some septa with clamps,

uppemost layer

Remarks The very similar species Coftinaius largus lNo.215) likewise occurs in hardwood forests, lts pileus is merely viscid even when moist (see the drawing of microscopic features), and it has very faintly lilac-tihted lemellae when very young and a yellow KOH reaction on the flesh, Cor.tinanus nemorersis (No. 222), like C. Iividoviolaceus, is an associat€ of be€ch forests with a slimy pileus when moist, but it has an unpl€asant earthy odor and distinctly larger spores.

Collection examined and illustrated

Lucerne (Bireggwald), quad.2066, elev.450 m, in a mixed foresi near Fagus above chalk, Oct.2'1, 1997, coll. Rl, 2110-97 K 10.

Other collections: none,

lmbach: not included.

184

- lmbach: included.

E

o

;-,.'Dz {"1

r-

l

lB

rl I

.450

\l\)o

r-

,=

\, \(/,-.

i"-' .iil l-l ic '.)

ru um

Cortinarius (Phleg.) larqus

DE

o

'o y' ai:{ t4 /V \:J \ \,/ / ./l)r--''\Y

s

lr

'.1

PH

.'/^\ \(_ )

'

E

.C

o c\l

-.1

'frf

A( )h/ \ta 0 10 Um

r FK

Cortinarius (Phleg.) I vidoviolaceus

iD

l:it)l ,,,

YU

-, Jt I l=o N

I r J' I,

E

-- 1,,)\ ^.^(J \{ ^ (,ll)til['\ lllt\