English-Japanese Dictionary in Roma-ji for All Learners of Japanese 4490106548, 9784490106541

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EnglishJapanese Dictionary Roma-Ji for One Million Foreigners

外国人のための 口 マ字日本語辞典 ー

Roma-Ji

EnglishJapanese Dictionary Roma-Ji

Contents Preface. 2 Introductory Remarks.4 The Ka-na Symbols, Roma-ji and Pronunciations. 5 Japanese ("Fifty Sound”）Phonetic Syllabaries •- 5 Pronunciations in Roma-ji and Examples. 7 The Example Sentences.10 Type A (Affirmative sentences).10 Type B (Negative sentences)..12 Type C (Interrogative sentences).13 Type D (Imperative sentences).15 Type E (Exclamatory sentences}.16

Particles 'te, ni, o, wa’.17 How to Express Hesitation.18 Chinese characters, kata-kana and hira-ga-na.19 Vertical writing and Horizontal writing.19

Vocabulary.21〜425 Appendix; A list of the examples

427-445

Preface First of all, I’d like to tell you how I came to be interested in publishing this particular work and what its purpose is. It was when I was teaching English in a senior high school that an American girl came to our school as a foreign exchange student. She was not able to speak any Japanese except for “watashi-no ni-hon-no o-to-san to o-ka-san”my Japanese father and mother. I could see how hard it was going to be for her to communicate in “living Japanese.” She lived together with her Japanese mother and father and enjoyed life in Japan. But be¬ cause of her many activities as an exchange stu¬ dent, she spoke in her native language which was not beneficial to learning Japanese. However, she was extremely eager to make progress in Japanese so that she could partici¬ pate in a recitation contest held in Japan. I be¬ came her teacher and was determined to make use of every means possible to improve her Japanese. But we had many problems. My first priority was to give her reassurance and to encourage her to express her feelings and to risk making mistakes. Second, it became imperative not only for her but also for me to transcribe her favorite ex¬ pressions into Roman Characters (rOma-ji) which could easily be pronounced anytime and any¬ where she liked. She could also in this way overcome her hesitation in pronouncing unfamil2

iar expressions. She could also be corrected at first hand by those around her and thus benefitted from increasing numbers of live situations. Consequently she became familiar with Japa¬ nese native pronunciation and also with native customs and aspects of Japanese culture diffe¬ rent from her own. It is important to show you that Japanese can be transliterated into Roman Charactersroma-ji, and that all kinds of Japanese can be written in ka-na, the symbols representing basic syllables within the range of pronunciation for all educated Japanese. The aims of this publication are to motivate foreigners to learn to speak Japanese using roma-ji and to provide them with cultural information as well. Some Japanese expert linguists might dis¬ agree with the transcription of authentic Japa¬ nese into imperfect roma-ji. This volume, how¬ ever, does not purport to follow academic theory but strives to be useful in developing ideas about the Japanese language and things Japanese. In closing I would like to thank you for taking the time to read this preface. I hope this book will be of use to you and I hope that we can meet and learn from each other in the future. Thank you very much indeed,

Masaaki Shibata

3

Introductory Remarks (How to use this book)

• All the Japanese words and sentences in this book are in roma-ji, the system of phoneticizing the language and writing it in roman script in order to facilitate understanding for independent study. • This book contains about 4500 English words and hundreds of idioms in alphabetical order with Japanese translations and more than 2000 sample sentences in roma-ji. • The ample number of words and word groups are more than adequate for everything conversa¬ tion and the discussion of current topics. • A list of more than 700 example sentences at the end of the book makes these practical ex¬ pressions easy to locate and study. • The romanized Japanese words are hyphen¬ ated so that the user can pronounce them cor¬ rectly. • The mark ぽ stands for idioms or phrases; the mark = for synonyms or equivalents; and the mark 一 for antonyms. • Old sayings are distinguished from ordinary expressions; example: "What is done cannot be undone, (proverb)” • The phonetic scheme is shown on p.7: Pro¬ nunciations in Roma-ji and Examples. • Roma-ji, hiraga-na and kataka-na can be found on p.5: Japanese “Fifty Sound” Phonetic Syllabaries — go-ju-on-zu. 4

The Ka-na Symbols, Roma-ji and Pronunciations The ka-na symbols are, as mentioned in the preface, like phonetic symbols in English. All Japanese words can be written in ka-na, of which there are two types, kata-ka-na and hiraga-na. They are laid out in the table of “go-jQon-ji-hyo"-Japanese Phonetic SyllabariesJapanese ("Fifty Sound”）Phonetic Syllabaries go-ju-on-zu (Roman letters) hi rd ka hi ro ka hi ro ka hi ro ka hi ro ka あ a ァ い i イ ろ U ヴ え e エ お 0 才 k s

か ka 力 き ki キ < ku さ sa サ し shi シ す su た ta 夕 ち chi チ つ tsu な na ナ に ni 二 ぬ nu

ク け ke ヶ こ ko コ ス せ se セ そ so ソ

ソ て te テ ヌ ね ne ネ n h は ha ハ ひ hi ヒ ふ fu フ へ he へ 、 m ま ma マ み mi 、 む mu ム め me メ t

y r

ゆ yu ユ

や ya ヤ ら ra ラ り

W わ wa

ri

')

と to 卜 の no ノ ほ ho ホ も mo モ 上 yo 3

る ru ル れ re レ ろ ro U を 0 ヲ

7

ん 门 ン hi—hira-ga-na ro -►roma-ji ka-^kata-ka-na v.-* vowels g Z

C. -►consonants go ゴ ず zu ズ ぜ ze ゼ ぞ zo ゾ

が ga ガ ぎ gi ギ ぐ gu グ げ ge ゲ 、ぐ

ザ、

b

ざ za ザ じ ji ど do だ da ダ ぢ ji ヂ づ zu ヅ で de ば ba パ び bi ビ ぶ bu ブ ベ be ベ ぼ bo ボ

P

ぱ pa パ ぴ pi ピ ぶ pu プ ぺ pe ぺ ぽ po ポ

d

5

kya

キヤ

含ゅ

kyu

sha

シヤ

しゅ

ちゃ にや

cha

チヤ

nya

ひや

含ょ しょ

kyo

キョ

shu

キュ シュ

sho

ショ

chu

チュ

ちょ

cho

チョ

ニヤ

ちゅ にゅ

nyu

ニユ

にょ

nyo

二3

hya

ヒヤ

ひゆ

hyu

ヒュ

hyo

ヒョ

みや mya

ミヤ

みゆ

myu

ミュ

ひょ みょ

myo

5 3

りや

rya

リヤ

〇ゅ

ryu

リュ

りょ

ryo

'J

ぎゃ

gya

ギャ

ぎゅ

gyo

ja bya

ジャ

ビュ

じよ びょ

jo byo

ギョ 、ぐ ンヨ

ビャ

じゅ びゅ

ギュ 、ぐ ンユ

ぎょ

じゃ びゃ

gyu ju byu

ぴや

pya

ピャ

ぴゅ

pyu

ピュ

ぴょ

pyo

含ゃ しゃ

3

ビョ ピョ

You can see that each syllable consists of a vowel or some combination of the consonants and vowels.

In order to illustrate how a foreigner’s native pronunciation may be restrained, and the original Japanese pronunciation retained, please look at the following examples of some familiar Japanese words. ju-do (sports), su-mQ (sports), kimo-no (clothes), su-shi (Japanese dish), ten-pura (Japanese dish), suki-yaki (Japanese dish), kabuki (Japanese traditional play), sayo-nara (greetings; good-bye), ... These examples are closely approximate to the Japanese original pronunciations even when a foreigner uses them. 6

Pronunciations in Rdma-ji and Examples 5-vowels, phonetic words consonants symbols

ky

examples roma-ji (English)

a

[A]

cut, come

a-na-ta-wa (you) a-i (love) watashi-wa (1) a-u (meet)

e

[e]

e-i

[e:]

bed, end pen, ten agent say

e (picture) e-n (yen) e-igo (English) e-iga (movies)

[i]

ill, inch

i (stomach) ishi (stone) i-sha (doctor) ima (now)

0 0

[o] [3:]

dog, fog order, orbit

o (tail) Osama (king) oha-yo (Good morning)

u

[u]

book, foot

u

[u：]

cool, food

u-n (lot, fortune) ude (arm) fu-fu (man and wife)

kya

[kas]

cat, cap

kyaku (guest, visi¬ tor) jo-kyaku (passenger)

kyu

[kjur]

cucumber cubic

kyu-ni (suddenly) ho-kyG (salary) kyu-jitsu (holiday)

kyo

[kp]

kyo

[kjo：]

|

kyo-nen (last year) kyo-ka (permission) kyo (today)

7

sha

[Ja]

shut, shudder

sha-kai (society) kan-sha (thanks) shabe-ru (chat)

shu

[J-u]

shu

[J-u:]

shook, should shoe, shoot

shu-mi (hobby) ka-shu (sing-er) shu-nyQ (income)

sho

[•N

sho

[你]

cha

[Ua]

chuck, chummy

chaku-riku (landing) o-cha (tea) cha-iro (brown)

chu

[tj-u:]

choose, chew

chu-cho (hesitation) chu-shin (center)

cho

[tJ"o]

cho

[tjo：]

choice, chop chalk

cho-kin (savings) cho-sha (writer) cho-cho (butterfly)

nyQ

[nju:]

new, neutral

nyo nyo

[np] [njo：]

yu-nyu-suru (import) nyu-in-suru (enter hospital)

hya

[hjA]

hyaku-man (million) hyaku-sho (farmer)

hyo

[hjo：]

hyo-gen (expression) hl-hyo (criticism) hyo (vote)

mya

[mjA]

myaku-haku (pulse) san-myaku (mountain range)

myo

[mjo：]

ki-myo-na (queer) myo-nichi (tomorrow)

sh

ch

ny

hy

my

8

shop, shock sho-jo (virgin) shoku-ji (dinner) short, shore sho-jo (girl) sho-bai (business)

nyo-bo (wife)

rya

[rjA]

ryaku-datsu suru (plunder)

ryu

[rju:]

ryu-ko-ka (popular song) ryu-gaku suru (study abroad)

ryo

[rja]

ryo

[rj。:]

ryo-ko (trip) ryo-ken (passport) ryo-shin (conscience)

gya

[gjA]

gyo

[gju：]

gyo

[gP]

gyo

[gP:]

ja

[d3A]

judge, just

jaku-ten (weak point) jama-suru (interrupt)

ju

[d3u]

July junior

jo

[d3U:]

juku-ren (skill) jun-bi-suru (prepare) ju (ten)

jo jo

[d33] [d33:]

join, job Georgia

jo-gen (advice) jo-ho (information) jo-dan (joke)

byo

[bjo：]

byo-in (hospital) byo-sha-suru (de¬ scribe)

pyo

[PJ.3:]

ron-pyo (comment) ha-ppyo (announce¬ ment)

ry

gy

j

by

py

gyaku-no (reverse) gyaku-setsu (pa¬ radox) ambiguity

gyQ-niku (beef) gyo-gyo-ken (fishing rights) san-gyo (industry)

tch …watch, catch …ne-tchQ (enthusiasm), so-tchoku-ni (frankly)

9

The Example Sentences Detailed grammatical explanations were not considered suitable for the purposes of this book. However a simple analysis of each exam¬ ple sentence has been provided in order to facilitate understanding by the reader.

Type A

(Affirmative sentences)

borrow.[ kariru ] (一 lend = kasu) I borrowed money from a bank. 12

3

4

=watashi-wa ginkd-kara kane-o karita 1

4

3

2

=watashi-wa o-kane-o ginkD-kara kari-mashita 1

3

4

2

■=> polite

excellent.[ yushu-na, su-bara-shi-i ] Your composition is excellent. 1

2

3

=kimi-no saku-bun-wa yusho-de-aru 1

3

2

=a-nata-no saku-bun-wa subarashi-i (desu) 1

^ polite

3(2)

fish.[ saka-na, saka-na-tsuri-o suru ] He goes fishing on Sundays. 1

2

3

=kare-wa nichi-ydbi-niwa tsuri-ni yuku 1

3

2

=nichi-yObi-niwa kare-wa tsuri-ni yuki-masu 3

1

2

0 more practicable (polite) =tsuri-ni kare-wa nichi-ydbi-niwa yuki-masu 2

1

3

2

u---i

10

~

possible

her.[ ka-nojo-no, ka-nojo-o, ka-nojo-ni ] I know her. 1

2

3

=watashi-wa ka-nojo-o shi-tte-iru 1

3

2

ka-nojo-o watashi-wa shi-tte-iru 3

1

^ possible

2

watashi-wa ka-nojo-o shi-tte-i-masu

i

3

2

^ more practicable ■=> possible

ka-nojo-o watashi-wa shi-tte-i-masu 3

2

1

presume.[ omo-u, kanga-eru, su-ite-i-suru ] I presume/he is innocent./ 3' 2

3

watashi-wa/kare-ga mu-jitsu-da/to omo-u 3' 1

3

2

kare-wa mu-jitsu-da-to watashi-wa omo-u 3

2

i

O possible

=kare-wa mu-jitsu-da-to omo-i-masu 3

2

O more practicable

roof.[ yane ] A cat is walking on the roof. 1

2

3

=neko-ga yane-no u-e-o aru-ite-iru 1

3

2

=yane-no u-e-o neko-ga aru-ite-i-masu 3

1

=yane-no u-e-o aru-ite-i-masu neko-ga 3

polite

2 2

t=C> possible

1

toy.[ omo-cha ] Children like to play with toys. T~

2

3

4

=kodomo-wa omo-cha-de aso-bu-no-ga suki-desu i

4

3

2

11

omo-cha-de aso-bu-no-ga kodomo-wa suki-desu

Type B

(Negative sentences)

honor, honour.[ me-iyo, ko-e-i, ke-i-i ] I don’t want to lose my honor. T"

2

3

4

=watashi-wa me-iyo-o u-shina-i-taku-na-i 1

4

2

3

idle.[ nama-kete-iru ] He is notan idle boy. 1

2

3

=kare-wa nama-ke-mono-dewa-na-i 13

2

=kare-wa nama-ke-mono-dewa-ari-masen 1

^ polite

2

3

nothing.[ nani-mo -

na-i ]

I have nothing in my pocket. 2

3

4

watashi-wa poke-tto-ni nani-mo mo-tte-na-i 1

4

3

~~2~

nani-mo watashi-wa poke-tto-ni mo-tte-masen 3

4

2

ウ possible

poke-tto-r watashi-wa nani-mo mo-tte-masen ^ possible

route.[ ro-sen, michi, ruto] This route is not frequently used by travellers. 12

3

4

kono michi-wa ryokO-sha-niwa ama-ri riyd-sare-na-i i

4

ama-ri

ryoko-sha-niwa

3

kono

2

michi-wa i

sare-masen 2

12

riyO-

steer.[ kaji-o torn ] The boy could not steer the boat. 1

2

sono

~3

4

shonen-wa

boto-no

1

kaji-o

torn

4

koto-wa 3

deki-naka-tta 2

boto-no

kaji-o

torn

4

koto-wa

sono

shdnen-wa

3

i

deki-naka-tta

c=> possible

2

(‘nai，ma-sen’ mean negative respectively.)

Type C

(Interrogative sentences)

magazine.[ za-sshi ] Do you take in any magazines every month? T1

2

3

4

ma-i-tsuki

nani-ka

4

za-sshi-o 3

to-tte-i-masu-ka 2

=

nani-ka

o'

za-sshi-o 3

ma-i-tsuki 4

(a-nata-wa) (1

)

to-tte-i-masu-ka z

0

^ possible

how.[ do-ya-tte, dono-kura-i, nanto, nante ] How did you learn English? 0

12

3

=a-nata-wa dd-ya-tte e-igo-o obo-e-mashi~ta-ka 1

3

2

0

=a-nata-wa e-igo-o dd-ya-tte obo-e-mashi-ta，ka 1

3~

2

0

=e-igo-o a~na-ta~wa do-ya-tte obo-e-mashi-ta-ka —3-1-2

〇-

O possible

13

moth.[ ga ] Is this a butterfly or a moth? 3 3 2~ kore-wa cho-desu-ka, sore-tomo ga-desu-ka —1

3

2

0

3

2

0

cho-desu-ka, sore-tomo ga-desu-ka kore-wa 3

2

3

~o

1

0

2

■=> possible

recent.[ sa-ikin-no] What is the recent news? ~ 3

2

1

=sa-ikin-no nyusu-wa nan-desu-ka 3 2 0 i travel.[ ryoko, ryoko-suru, susu-mu ]

Did you enjoy your travels in Europe? 丁"！

2

3

=(a-nata-wa) yoro-ppa-ryoko-wa tano-shika-tta-desu3

)

2

ka ~o

when.[ i-tsu, toki,へ noni ] When did you finish the work? 2 3 o =(a-nata-wa) shi-goto-wa i-tsu owari-mashi-ta-ka

(

1

)

3

2

0

=i-tsu shi-goto-o owari-mashMa-ka 3

2

0

ウ more practicable

which.[ dochira, dono, dore ] Which way did you go? 3

0

12

"

=(a-nata-wa) dochira-no michi-o yuki-mashi-ta-ka (

1

)

3

2

0

=dochira-no michi-o a-nata-wa yuki-mashi-ta-ka 3

1

2

^ more practicable

14

Type D

(Imperative sentences)

slippery.[ su-beri-yasu-i ] Watch your steps. The floor is slippery. 2

3

1

2

3

=a-shi-moto-ni ki-o tsuke-nasa-i. yuka-ga 3

2

1

su-beri-yasu-i-desu-yo 3

~2~

courage.[ yuki ] Have courage! 2

3

=yuki-o dase! 3

2

=yuki-o dashi-nasa-i! 3

more practicable (polite)

2

family.[ kazoku, kate-i, i-e-gara 】 Come with me, and meet my family. 2

2

3

=i-ssho-ni kite watashi-no kazoku-ni a-tte-kudasa-i 2

3

2

lump.[ kata-mari, kobu ] Give me two lumps of sugar. 2

3"

3

"

=(watashi-ni) kaku-zaW-o futa-tsu kudasa-i (

3

)

3

2

=kaku-zato-o futa-tsu watashi-ni kudasa-i 3

3

possible

2

other.[ ta-no, betsu-no ]跋others = ta-nin Be kind to others. 2

3

"

=ta-nin-niwa shin-setsu-ni shi-nasa-i 3

2

sentence.[ bu-n, bu-n-sho, sen-koku-suru ] Write some sentences to tell about your trip. ~2~

3

2f

ざ

=a-nata-no ryoko-ni tsu-ite nobe-ru bu-n-o ^

2'

3 15

kaki-nasa-i 2

sugar.[ sato] Put some sugar in my coffee. 2

3

=sato-o watashi-no kdhT-ni irete-kudasa-i 3

2

=watashi-no kdhT-ni satD-o irete-kudasa-i 3

Type E

possible

2

(Exclamatory sentences)

cute.[ kawa-i-i, kawa-ira-shi-i ] What a cute baby! 3

=nan-te kawa-i-i aka-chan-deshd! 3

( 2 )

tonight.[ kon-ya ] How beautiful the stars are tonight! 3

12

=kon-ya-wa hoshi-ga nanto kire-i-nan-deshd 1

3

2

—

=nanto kire-i-nan-deshd kon-ya-wa hoshi-ga 3

2

i

possible

16

Particles ‘te, ni，〇, wa，

Particles, what we call 'te, ni, o, wa’，in actual fact, 'de, ni, o, wa, ga, niwa, dewa’ can never be used separately from nouns as in the following examples; The doctor ordered me to stay in bed.

=i-sha-wa watashi-ni nete-iru yoni me-iji-ta =watashi-ni i-sha-wa nete-iru yoni me-iji-ta =nete-iru yoni watashi-ni isha-wa me-iji-ta =nete-iru yoni i-sha-wa watashi-ni me-iji-ta I recommend you to go by train.

=watashi-wa a-nata-ga kisha-de yuku koto-o susume-masu =a-nata-ga kisha-de yuku koto-o watashi-wa susume-masu =kisha-de a-nata-ga yuku koto-o watashi-wa susume-masu

These particles have no meanings them¬ selves, only their distinct functions, and never stand before the nouns. These phrases, the nouns attached to the particles, can freely be moved within a clause or sentence except the end of it, because a sen¬ tence or an utterance in Japanese generally ends with a verb as you see in the examples.

17

How to Express Hesitation Japanese makes use of the following particles in order to soften an expression or express hesi¬ tation; ne, yo, sa desu-ne Example; A cat is walking on the roof. I-

2

3

=neko-ga ne/yane-no u-e-o desu-ne/aru-ite-i-masu 1

3

2

"

yo/ =yane-no u-e-o ne/neko-ga ne/aru-ite-i-masu yo/ 3

1

2

_

(‘yo’ marks the end of an utterance.) He is notan idle boy. 1~

2

3

=kare-wa nama-ke-mono-dewa-na-i 13

2

=kare-wa desu-ne/ nama-ke-mono- dewa-na-i desu1

3

2

yo/ I don’t want to lose my honor. 1

2

3

4

=sd-desu-n百/watashi-wa desu-ne/me-iyo-o desu-ne/ 1

'

4

u-shina-i-taku-na-i desu-yo/ 3

2

They are very helpful, but be careful not to use them indiscriminately.

18

Chinese characters, kata-kana and hira-ga-na 1

promise

name

ministry

yaku-soku-suru

nama-e

na-i-kaku

約束する

名前

内閣

ヤクソクスル

ナマエ

ナイカク

やくそくする

なまえ

ないかく

language

school

guide

kotoba

ga-kko

an-na-hsuru

言葉

学校

案内する

コトバ

ガッコウ

アンナイスル

ことば

がっこう

あんないする

park

book

write

kd-en

hon

kaku

公園

本

書く

コウェン

ホン

カク

こうえん

ほん

かく

Vertical writing and Horizontal writing We lost the game. watashi-tachi-wa shi-a-i-ni ma-keta. 一私達は試合に負けた0

_

3$ ■せ緘く nu■:

Imagine yourself to be in his place._ kare-no mi-ni-na-tte kanga-e-nasa-i_ _彼の身になって考えなさい。_ 舆いレ撕叻S0

19

.•

■'

abandon.[ su-teru, aki-rame-ru ] ex. Abandon ship! It’s sinking fast. = fune-o su-tero dondon shizu-mu-zo

ABC

•• American Broadcasting Company = ame-rika hoso-

kyoka-i

able.be able to〜=〜suru

koto-ga dekiru

ex. He is able to speak Japanese well. = kare-wa nihon-go-o jozu-ni hana-su koto-ga deki-masu

abnormal.[ ijo-na, fu-tsu-de-na-i ] 防

an abnormal boy = kawa-tta shonen

about.[ ni-tsu-ite, yaku 〜] ex. He told me about his parents. = kare-wa watashi-ni ryoshin-ni tsu-ite hana-shita

absence.[ rusu, ke-sseki ] ぽ

in my absence = watashi-no rusu-chu-ni

accident.[ jiko, sa-inan ] 防

a railway accident = tetsudd jiko

防

meet with an acci¬

dent =jiko-ni a-u

according.according to〜=〜ni yoreba 防

according to today’s paper = kyo-no shin-bu-n-ni yoreba

accustom.be accustomed to〜=〜m

narete-iru

ex. I am accustomed to getting up early. = watashi-wa hayaoki-ni narete-i-masu

actor.[ ha-iyu ] actress.[ joyu ] add.[ kuwa-eru ] ex. Add a little more water. = mo suko-shi mizu-o kuwa-ete kudasa-i

adieu.[ sayo-nara ] (= good-by) 21

admirable-afternoon

_

admirable.[ kan-shin-na, ri-ppa-na] ex. Your behavior was admirable. = a-nata-no ta-ido-wa rippa-deshi-ta

adult.[ otona, otona-no, se-ijin ] ^ adult education = se-ijin kyo-iku

advance.[ susu-mu ] 琢

advanced course = koto-ka

ex. They advanced through

the woods at night with caution. = karera-wa yoru mori-o cho-i-buka-ku susu-nda

advantage.[ yuri, yu-i, tsuyomi ] ex. It would be to your advantage to learn to speak English. = eigo-o ma-nabe-ba yuri-desu

adventure.[ boken ] ex. Children are usually fond of adventure. = kodomo-tachiwa fu-tsO boken-zuki-desu

advertise.[ kokoku-suru, sen-den-suru ] ex. How are we going to advertise this product? = doya-tte kono se-i-hin-o sen-den-shiyo-ka ?

advice.[ chukoku, jogen ] advise.[ chukoku-suru ] ex. He advised me to go there at once. = kare-wa boku-ni sugu soko-e yuku-yoni chOkoku-shita

afford.[ yoyu-ga aru ] ex. I can afford to buy a new dress now. = watashi-wa ima atara-sni-i yofuku-o ka_u yoyu-ga aru

afraid.[ kowa-garu, bikubiku-suru ] ex. Don’t be afraid. = bikubiku-suru-nja-na-i

What are you

afraid of? = a-nata-wa nani-o kowaga-tte-iru-no-desuka

She’s not coming, I’m afraid. = zan-nen-daga ka-nojo-

wa ko-na-i-desho

afternoon.[ gogo] (ht this afternoon = kyd-no gogo kon-nichi-wa

22

ex. Good afternoon.=

^ on Sunday afternoon = nichi-yobi-no

again-ambulance gogo-ni

again.[ mo ichi-do, mata] ex. Try again. = mo ichi-do yari-nasa-i

See you again.=

mata-ne，mata a-i-masho

age.[toshi, nenre-i ] ex. What’s her age? = ka-nojo-wa nan-sa-i-desu-ka

ago.[ ma-e ] 跋

five years ago = go-nen ma-e

agree.[ do-i-suru, sanse-i-suru ] ex. Don’t you agree with me? = watashi-no yu-u-koto-ni sanse-i-dewa na-i-no-desu-ka

agricultural.[ nogyo-no ] agricultural products.[ no-san-butsu ] agriculture.[ nogyo ] aid.[ te-tsuda-u, tasu-keru ] ^ first aid = okyu te-ate

airplane.[ hiko-ki ] airport.[ hikO-jo](= airdrome) alike.[ nite-iru ] ex. The twins are very much alike. = sono futago-wa ta-ihen yoku nite-iru

all.[ su-bete, zenbu, min-na ] all day = ichi-nichi-jo

alligator.[ wani ] (= crocodile) always.[ i-tsumo, tsune-ni, kana-razu ] 咏

not always = kana-razu-shimo ~ de na-i

ex. I am not

always this busy. = i-tsumo kon-na-ni i-soga-shi-i wakedewa ari-masen

A.M., a.m. •"•••[ gozen ] ter 5 a.m. = gozen go-ji

amaze.[ bi-kkuri sa-seru, odoro-kasu ] ambassador ••••••[ ta-i-shi ] ambulance.[ kyQkyQ-sha ] 23

american-apologize American.[ ame-rika-jin, ame-rika-no] analysis.[ bu-n-ka-i, bu-n-seki ] and.[ to, soshi-te, sore-kara, so-sureba ] a statesman and a poet = se-iji-ka-to shi-jm

防

ex. Move,

and you’re dead. = ugo-ku-na, ugo-ku-to shi-nu-zo

angle.[ kado, sumi, kaku-do] right angle = cho-kkaku

angry.[ oko-tte-iru, hara-o tate-ru ] ex. Are you angry at me? = watashi-ni hara-o tate-te-iru-ndesu-ka

animal.[ dobutsu ] 跋

animal kingdom = dobutsu-ka-i

ankle.[ a-shi-kubi ] 跋

sprain one’s ankle = a-shi-kubi-o kujiku

anniversary.[ ki-nen-bi, ki-nen-sa-i ] annual.[ ichi-nen-no, nen-kan-no] 防

annual income = nen-shu

another.[ mo hito-tsu-no, betsu-no ] ex. Would you like to have another cup of tea? = o-cha-o mo i-ppa-i ikaga-desu-ka

one another = o-taga-i-ni

膝

answer.[ kota-eru, kota-e ] antarctic.[ nan-kyoku-no ](科 arctic =

ho-kkyoku-

no)

Antarctic Ocean.[ nan-kyoku-ka-i ] anthem.[ sanbi-ka ] (= hymn) 跋

national anthem = ko-kka

anxiety.[ shinpa-i, fu-an ] ex. She was filled with anxiety over her husband’s death. = kanojo-wa o-tto-ga shi-nu-no-dewa na-i-ka-to shinpa-ide nara-naka-tta

anyhow.[ doshi-temo, toni-kaku ] apologize.[ aya-maru, wabi-ru, shaza-i-suru 1 ex. He apologized to his teacher for being late. = kare-wa chi-

24

appeal-arrangement koku-shita koto-o sense-i-ni wabi-ta

appeal.[ u-tta-eru, kyomi-o hiku ] apple.[ ringo] appointment.[ yaku-soku, yoyaku ] ex. I made an appointment to meet him at six o’clock.= watashi-wa roku-ji-ni kare-to a-u yaku-soku-o shita

appreciate.[ kan-sha-suru, sho-suru ]

mito-meru,

kan-

ex. He appreciates English poetry. = kare-wa e-igo-no shi-o kan-sho-deki-masu

I appreciate her kindness. = watashi-

wa ka-nojo-no shin-setsu-ni kan-sha-shite-iru

approach.[ chika-zuku, se-kkin-suru ] apricot.[ anzu ] April.[ shi-gatsu ] April Fools’ day, All Fools’ Day.[ shi-gatsu baka-no hi ] Arctic Ocean.[ ho-kkyoku-ka-i ] argue.[ rongi-suru, giron-suru ] ex. Don't argue with me. = watashi-ni kuchi-gota-e-suruna

arithmetic.[ sansu, su-gaku ] mental arithmetic = an-zan

ark.[ hako-bune ] arm1.[ude ] ex. She has a baby in her arms. = ka-nojo-wa akanbd-o ude-ni da-ite-i-masu

arm2.[ buki ] tsr Farewell Arms = buki-yo saraba

armament.[ gu-nbi, buso ] armchair.[ hiji-kake-isu ] army.[ gu-n-ta-i, riku-gu-n ] (** navy = arrange.[ nara-beru, se-iri-suru ] arrangement.[ se-iri ]

ka-i-gu-n)

25

arrive-attack 防

flower arrangement = ike-bana

arrive.[ tsuku, to-chaku-suru ] ex. We arrived at the hotel at 8:30 last night. = watashi-tachiwa yube hachi-ji sanji-ppu-n-ni ho-teru-ni tsu-ita 咏

arrive in Washington = Wa-shin-ton-ni tsuku

arrow.[ya, ya-jirushi ] art.[ bi-jutsu, ge-i-jutsu ] 防

the work of art = bi-jutsu-hin

ぽ

an art exhibition = bi-

jutsu ten-ran-ka-i

artist.[ ge-i-jutsu-ka, gaka ] ash.[ ha-i ] 防

an ashtray = ha-i-zara

ex. Don’t drop your cigarette ashes

on the carpet. = tabako-no ha-i-o jutan-ni otosa-na-i yoni shi-nasa-i

ashamed.[ hajite-iru, hazuka-shiku omo-u ] ex. He is ashamed of his ignorance. = kare-wa jibu-n-no muchi-o hajite-iru

Asian.[ aji-a-jin, aji-a-no] ask.[ tazu-neru, shitsu-mon-suru, tano-mu ] ex. He asked me a question. = kare-wa watashi-ni shitsumon-shita

I asked him to come at once. = watashi-wa

kare-ni sugu kuru yoni tano-nda

assistance.[ tasu-ke, te-tsuda-i, enjo] astonish.[ odoro-kasu, bi-kkuri-sa-seru ] ex. I was astonished by the news. = watashi-wa sono nyusu-o ki-ite odoro-ita

astronomy.[ ten-mon-gaku ] Atlantic Ocean.[ ta-i-se-i-yo] atomic bomb.[ gen-shi baku-dan ] attack.[ tori-kaka-ru, kogeki-suru ](科 defend =mamo-ru) ex. After resting I attacked the hard problem. = hito-yasu-mishite-kara sono nan-mon-ni tori-kaka-tta

26

attend-ax

attend.[ shu-sseki-suru ] attend a meeting = ka-i-ni shu-sseki-suru

球

attend a

concert = on-gaku-ka-i-ni yuku

attention.[ chu-i, shin-setsu-shin ] ex. Attention, please. = mina-sama o-kiki-kudasa-i

attitude.[ shise-i, kokoro-gama-e ] attractive.[ miryoku-teki-na, kyomi-no aru ] auction.[ kyoba-i, seri ] 防

a sale at auction = kydba-i

audience.[ kan-shu, choshu, ken-butsu-nin ] ex. Most of the audience was Japanese. = choshu-no da-ibubu-n-wa nihon-jin-deshi-ta

August.[ hachi-gatsu ] aunt.[ oba] {** uncle = oji) Australia.[ osuto-rari-a ] Austria.[ osu-tori-a ] author.[ sa-kka ] authorities.[ to-kyoku ] 防

school authorities = ga-kko to-kyoku

authority.[ ken-i, ken-ryoku ] autumn.[ aki ] (= fall) Ave..[ nami-ki-michi ] (= avenue) average.[ he-ikin, hyojun ] awkward.[ buki-yo-na, buka-kko-na ] ax, axe.[ ono]

baby.[ aka-chan, akanbo] Sr baby carriage = u-ba guruma

baby sitter = ko-mori

baby carriage.[ uba-guruma ] back.[ u-shiro, se-naka](科 front =

ma-e)

ex. Back! = modori-nasa-i!

bad.[ waru-i, furyo ] ex. It’s bad to tell lies. = uso-o tsuku-no-wa waru-i kotodesu

That's too bad. = sore-wa zan-nen-da, sore-wa

kino-doku-desu

girl = furyo shojo

ぽ

a bad boy = furyo shorten

琢

a bad

^ go bad = waruku-naru, kusa-ru

bag.[ fukuro, kaban ] baggage.[ ni-motsu, te-ni-motsu ] bake.[ yaku ] bakery.[ pan-ya ] ball.[ tama ] ^ be on the ball = me kubari-ga ki-ite-iru

balloon.[ kikyu, fQsen ] bandage.[ hota-i ] banish.[ tsu-iho-suru, o-i-dasu ] ex. The king banished ms own son. = sono o-wa jibu-n-no mu-suko-o tsu-iho-shita

bank1.[dote ] 防

a bank of earth = te-ibo

bank2.[ ginks] banker.[ ginko-ka ] bank holiday.[ ginko hote-i kyu-jitsu ] bankrupt.[ hasan-sha ] banquet.[ enka-i ] give a banquet = enka-i-o hira-ku

28

bar-bbc

bar.[ bo] an iron bar = tetsu-bd

barbarity.[ yaban, hido, zan-gyaku ] barbershop.[ toko-ya,] bare.[ hadaka-no, arino-mama-no] barefoot.[ hada-shi-de, su-a-shi-de ] 咏

go barefoot = hada-shi-de aruku

bargain sale.[ toku-ba-i, bagen ] barn.[ naya, mono-oki, mono-oki-goya ] barter.[ kokan-suru ] barter rice for fish = kome-o saka-na-to kokan-suru

base.[ kichi ] ぼ

an air base = kO-gu-n kichi

baseball.[ yakyu ] 防

play baseball = yakyu-o suru

basement.[ chika-shitsu, chika-i ] bashful.[ uchi-ki-na, hani-kan-de, shi-i] bath.[ nyuyoku ] Sr a sun bath = ni-kko-yoku

hazuka-

^ an open-air bath = ro-

ten-buro

bathe.[ nyuyoku-sa-seru ] bathroom.[ yoku-shitsu, o-te-ara-i ] ex. May I use your bathroom? = o-te-ara-i-o kashi-te-kudasa-i

battery.[ denchi, ba-tterT] w a dry battery = kan-denchi

battle.[ sento, tataka-i ] battle ship.[ sen-kan ] bay.[ wan ] i»- Tokyo Bay = Tokyo-wan

^ the Bay of Bengal = Ben-

garu-wan

BBC…•• British Broadcasting Corporation =

e-i-koku hd-so-

29

bc-bee kydka-i

BC, b.c..[ se-i-reki kigen-zen ] beach.[ hama, ka-i-gan ] bean.[ mame ] bear1.[kuma ] bear2.[ gaman-suru, ta-eru, umu ] ex. I can’t bear him. = kare-niwa gaman-deki-na-i born = u-mareru

球

be

ex. He was bom in 1930. = kare-wa

sen-kyohyaku-sanja-nen-ni u-mareta

beard.[ ago-hige ] beast.[ keda-mono, yaju ] a wild beast = yaju

beat.[ tata-ku ] ex. They beat the visiting basketball team. = karera-wa ensei shite kita basuke-tto boru-no chTmu-ni ka-tta

^ beat

a drum = ta-iko-o tata-ku

beautiful.[ u-tsuku-shi-i, shi-i ] 咏

kire-i-na,

su-bara-

beautiful weather = su-bara-shi-i tenki

beauty.[ bi, u-tsuku-shisa ] beauty contest.[ bijin kon-tesu-to ] because.[〜node, naze-nara,〜kara-to itte ] ex. I got up at 6 a.m. this morning because I had a meeting at 8 o’clock. = hachi-ji-ni ka-igi-ga aru node kesa-wa rokuji-ni oki-mashi-ta

become.[ naru ] ex. He became a doctor. = kare-wa i-sha-ni na-tta become very cold. = ta-ihen samu-ku-na-tta-ne

bed.[ shinda-i, be-ddo] 防

go to bed = neru

^ bed room = shin-shitsu

bee.[ hachi, mitsu-bachi ] 防

30

a queen bee = jo-O-bachi

It has

beef-believe

beef.[ gyuniku ] beefsteak.[ bifu-teki ] beehive.[ mitsu-bachi-no su ] beer.[ bTru ] before.[ ma-e-ni ](料 after = ato-ni) 琢

before seven o’clock = shichi-ji ma-e-ni

跋

before the

examination = shiken ma-e, shiken-made

beforehand.[ ma-emo-tte, ara-kajime ] ぽ

buy a ticket beforehand = ma-emo-tte ki-ppu-o ka-u

beg.[ tanomu

】

ex. I beg you to come. = tano-mu-kara kite-kudasa-i

I

beg your pardon. = sumi-masen-ga mo ichi-do o-sshatte-kudasa-i

beggar.[ kojiki ] begin.[ hajime-ru, hajima-ru ] ex. What shall we begin with this morning? = kesa-wa nanikara

hajime-masho-ka

watashi-tachi-no masu

琢

Our school begins in April.=

ga-kko-wa

hajima-ri-

to begin with = mazu da-i-ichi-ni

beginner.[ sho-shin-sha 防

shi-gatsu-ni 】

a course for beginners = sho-shin-sha kosu

beginning.[ hajime, sa-i-sho] ex. In the beginning God created the Heaven and the Earth.= hajime-ni kami-wa ten-to cm-o sozO-sareta

behave.[ furuma-u ] behavior.[ furuma-i, ta-ido] behind.[ u-shiro-ni, kage-ni, okurete ] ex. She is hiding behind the door. = ka-nojo-wa do-a-no ushiro-ni kakurete-i-masu

The express train was five mi¬

nutes behind schedule. = kyuko-re-ssha-wa yote-i-yori go-fu-n okureta

belief.[ shin-nen, shinra-i ] believe.[ shin-jiru, shin-yo-suru ] 31

ex. I beiieve you.(=1

»^sa< wx.

' = i« .5*3^*' -

.t-

nata-no o-ss‘，arこ '：T»>o 5：，、oe^we n you.= Y,3t3sh'-^a a-ra：3~c

•'

Se^->g k l>e*e»n>g =

hyakubo-n-ns i-k\er-~ sr、トニ 〜r',

belong.[ ~ no…oro-cje-aru shite-im ]

，-•、、，

ex. This book betoogs to ->? = \o~o mono-desL

shozoku.iW

He teioogs » Sv sw-rv>g cKix = v.i

su-i-e-i-txt-in~d3

benefit.[ ri-eki ] Berlin.[ beru-rin ] beseech.[ kon-gan-suru. tan-gan-suru ] ex. I beseech you to Ssten. =

\ - fe-

kudasa-i

best.[ ichi-ban yoi. sa-ij5-no] ex. I like summef best =

-1*^

.-tv?n

こり

suki-desu

betray.[ ura-giru. morasu ] ' betray a secret = -

好

r^>-c

better …•- [ yori-yoi. zu-tto yo-i ] ex. I feel much better today = i

:し-ffo

tr none the better = st'o-sr -yn-ns-i

better = ka~e~tte

'* all the

I like her ail the bettw tor it. = scve-

dakara ka-e-tte ka-rrofo-g3 s.. \ -desv

bicycle.[ jiten-sha ] big.[ o-oki-i ] Big Dipper.[ hoKuto-shichi-se-i ] bill1.[kuchi-bashi ] bill2.[ kanjo-gaki. shOsho. te-gata ] bind.[ shiba-ru. h6ta-i-sum ] biography.[ denki ] biology.[ se-i-butsu-gaku ] bird.[ tori ] 32

Vi>

birthday-blot

birthday.[ tanjo-bi ] ex. Happy Birthday! = tanjO-bi ome-detd

birthstone.[ tanjo-seki ] bite.[ kamu, kajiru ] ぽ

bite an apple = ringo-o kajiru

bitter.[ niga-i, kibi-shi-i ] 防

bitter taste = niga-i aji

^ a bitter winter = kibi-shi-i

fuyu

black.[ kuro-i, kuro ](科 white = shiro-i, blackboard.[ koku-ban ] blackmark.[ ba-tten, rakuda-i-ten ] blackmarket.[ yami-ichi ] blank.[ haku-shi-no, kukyo-na ] ex. Fill in the blanks. = kOsho-o ume-nasa-i

shiro)

跋

an applica¬

tion blank = mdshi-komi yoshi

blend.[ mazeru, maze-awa-seru ] ex. Oil and water will not blend. = abura-to mizu-wa mazara-na-i

blessing.[ onke-i, megu-mi, sa-iwa-i ] blind.[ me-no mi-e-na-i ] ex. He is blind in the right eye. = kare-wa migi-me-ga mie-na-i

blizzard.[ fubuki ] blond, blonde.[ kin-patsu-no] blood.[ chi, ketsu-eki ] ex. Blood is thicker than water. (Proverb) = chi-wa mizuyorimo ko-i (kotowaza)

bloom.[ saku ] ex. When this flower blooms, it is very beautiful. = kono hanaga saku-to to-temo kire-i-desu

blossom.[ hana] 跋

cherry blossom = sakura-no hana

blot.[ shimi, yogore ] 33

blow-bomb blow1.[kaze(= wind)-ga fuku ] ex. It blows from the north in winter. = fuyu-wa kita-kara kaze-ga fuku

blow2.[ naguru-koto] 琢

come to blows = naguri-a-i-ni naru

ex. They will come to

blows any minute. = karera-wa sugu-ni naguri-a-i-ni naru-dard

blue.[ a-o-i, a-o, genki-ga na-i ] ex. She looks blue. = ka-nojo-wa genki-ga nasa-soda

blue-collar worker.[ rodosha, ko-in ]

(一

white-

collar worker = sararT-man)

bluff.[ ze-ppeki ] blunderer.[ ton-ma, hema-na yatsu, ton-mana yatsu ] board.[ ita, i-in-ka-i ] 跋

bulletin board = ke-iji-ban

ぽ

a school board = kyo-

iku-卜 m-ka-i

boarding house.[ ge-shuku-ya ] boarding school.[ ki-shuku ga-kko ] board of education.[ kyo-iku-i-in-ka-i ] board of trade.[ shoko-ka-igi-sho ] boast.[ jiman-suru, hana-ni kake-ru ] ex. He boast about his wealth. = kare-wa jibu-n-no kenko-o jiman-shite-iru

boastful.[ koman-na, jiman-suru ] ex. Don’t be so boastful. = son-na-m ji-man-suru-na

boat.[ boto] 琢

*

row a boat = bOto-o kogu

body.[ karada ](科 mind = bold.[ da-itan-na ]

kokoro, se-i-shin)

ex. It is bold of you to contradict him. = kare-ni hanta-i-surutowa da-itan-na koto-da

bomb •••••[ baku-dan ] 34

bomber-bottle an atomic bomb = gen-shi baku-dan

bomber.[ bakugeki-ki ] bonanza.[ o-o-ata-ri ] ^ hit a bonanza = o-o-ata-ri-o suru

bone.[ hone ] booby prize.[ bubT-sho, sa-i-ka-i-sho] book.[ hon, sho-motsu ] 防

an address book = jusho-roku

bookseller.[ hon-ya ] bookshop.[ hon-ya ] bookstore.[ hon-ya, sho-ten ] boot.[ naga-gutsu ] booth.[ koya, ko-beya ] border.[ ko-kkyo, heri ] 琢

cross the Canadian border = kana-da ko-kkyo-o ko-eru

borrow.[ kariru

](料

lend = kasu)

ex. I borrowed money from a bank. = watashi-wa ginko-kara kane-o karita

She neither borrows nor lends. = ka-nojo-

wa kane-no kashi-kari-wa shi-na-i

bosom.[ mune, kokoro ] 防

bosom friend = shin-yu

boss.[ bosu, oya-kata ] Boston.[ bosu-ton ] botanist.[ shoku-butsu-gaku-sha ] botany.[ shoku-butsu-gaku ] both.[ ryoho-no ] 防

both 〜and ....=〜mo ... mo

ryoho-tomo watashi-no mono-desu

ex. Both are mine.= 防

both you and I =

kimi-mo watashi-mo

bother.[ urusa-i, nayama-su ] ex. Children often bother their parents. = kodomo-tachi-wa yoku oya-o nayama-seru

Oh, bother! = urusa-i!

bottle.[ bin ] 35

bottom-brave bottom.[ soko] ex. There was a bug at the bottom of my glass. = watashi-no ko-ppu-no soko-ni mushi-ga ha-i-tte-ita

bottomless.[ soko-nashi-no ] bound1.[hane-ka-eru ] bound2.[ kyoka-i-sen ] bound3.[〜yuki-no] a ship bound for San Francisco = San-fu-ran-shisu-ko yuki-no fune

bow1.[yumi ] ter a bow and arrow = yumi-ya

bow‘.[ a-tama-o sage-ru, o-jigi-o-suru ] ex. We bowed to our teacher. = watashi-tachi-wa sense-i¬ ni o-jigi-o shi-masn卜ta

bowwow.[ wan-wan ] box.[ hako] ^ box office = ki-ppu uriba

boy.[ shonen, otoko-no-ko](一 gi" =

on-na-no-

ko)

ex. My boy. = ne-e kimi

Oh, boy ! = kore-wa odoro-ita!

boyhood.[ shonen-jida-i ] brain.[ no, zunO, a-tama ] ex. Use your brains. = a-tama-o tsuka-i-nasa-i

She has

brains and courage. = ka-nojo-wa a-tama-mo yoku yOki-mo ari-masu

ぼ

brain worker = zund rOdO-sha

brainless.[ a-tama-no waru-i ] brain trust.[ komon-dan ] brake.[ bureki-o kake-ru ] branch.[ eda, shi-ten, shibu ] 拔

an overseas branch = ka-iga-i shi-ten

brand name.[ shohin-me-i ] brandy.[ bu-randT] brave.[ yukan-na, yQki-no-aru ] 36

breach-bring 咏

as brave as a lion = ra-i-on-no yoni yOkan-na

breach.[ ihan ] a breach of the law = horitsu ihan

味

bread.[ pan, shoku-pan ] break.[ kowasu, yaburu ] ex. The boy broke the windowpane. = shonen-wa mado-o kowa-shita

break a law (a rule) = horitsu (ki-soku)-o

yaburu

breakfast.[ choshoku ] ぽ

have (take) breakfast = choshoku-o torn

breast.[ mune ] breath.[ iki, kokyu ] out of breath = iki-ga kirete

breathe.[ kokyu-suru, iki-o suru ] ex. I breathed deeply in and out. = watashi-wa fuka-ku iki-o su-ttari dashi-tari-shita

breed.[ soda-teru ] ex. I was born and bred in the country. = watashi-wa i-nakade u-mare i-naka-de soda-tta

breeding.[ shitsu-ke ] w good breeding = sodachi-no yosa

bribe.[ wa-iro] bride.[ hana-yome, shinpu ] bridegroom.[ hana-muko, shinro] bridge.[ hashi ] brief.[ mijika-i ] ぽ

brief case = shoru-i kaban

ぼ

in brief = yosuru-ni

bright.[ akaru-i, riko-na, ka-shiko-i ] 琢

bright and clever = riko-na

brighten.[ akaruku-suru, kaga-yaka-seru ] brilliant.[ kaga-yaku ] a brilliant success = kaga-yaka-shi-i se-iko

bring.[ mo-tte-kuru, tsurete-kuru ] 37

brisk-buddhist ex. Bring me some water, please. = dozo mizu-o mo-ttekite-kudasa-i

brisk.[ genki-no yo-i, ka-ppatsu-na ] Britain.[ e-i-koku ] British Museum.[ da-i-e-i haku-butsu-kan ] broadcast.[ hoso-suru ] et broadcasting station = hoso-kyoku

broad daylight.[ ma-ppiruma ] Broadway.[ burodo-u-e-i ] broken-hearted.[ raku-tan-shita, shita ] bronze.[ do, se-ido]

shitsu-ren-

isr a bronze statue = dozo

brook.[ O-gawa ] (= small stream) brooklet.[ chi-isa-na naga-re, o-gawa ] broom.[ hoki ] ex. A new broom sweeps well. (Proverb) = a-tara-sh卜i hokiwa yoku hake-ru (kotowaza)

brother.[ kyoda-i ] ぽ

an elder (big) brother = a-ni

跋

a younger (little) brother =

otOto

brother-in-law.[ giri-no kyoda-i ] brow.[ mayu, mayuge ] brown.[ ka-sshoku-no, cha-iro-no] brutal.[ zan-nin-na, mugo-i, yaban-na ] 咏

a brutal act = yaban-na kD-i

bubble.[ awa ] buck.[ shika, o-jika ] (♦♦ doe = bucket.[ bake-tsu ] buckskin.[ shika-gawa] bud.[tsubo-mi, me ] Buddhism.[ bu-kkyo] Buddhist.[ bu-kkyo-to ]

38

me-jika)

budget-buy

budget.[ yosan ] buffalo.[ su-i-gyu, ba-ffaro ] build.[ tate-ru, tsuku-ru ] ぼ

build a house = uchi-o tate-ru

^ build fire (= make a

fire) = hi-o okosu

bully.[ ijime-ru ] bunny.[ u-sagi ] bureau.[ jimu-sho, kyoku ] 防

a travel bureau = ryoko an-na-i-sho

防

information

bureau = joho-bu, joho-kyoku

burglar.[ yato, dorobo] burglar alarm = tonan ke-iho-ki

burial service.[ soshiki ] burn.[ mo-eru ] ex. The candles are burning bright. = rosoku-wa akaruku mo-ete-iru

burst.[ bakuhatsu-suru, haretsu-suru ] bury.[ ma-iso-suru ] business.[ shoku-gyo, hon-bu-n, shoba-i, shigoto] ex. The teacher’s business is teaching. = sense-i(= kyoshi)no hon-bu-n-wa

o-shi-eru koto-desu

Mind your own

business. = yoke-i-na koto-o suru-na = o-oki-na osewa-da

business card.[ me-i-shi ] business hours.[ kin-mu jikan, e-igyo jikan ] business man.[ jitsu-gyo-ka ] busy.[ i-soga-shi-i ] ex. I am busy this afternoon. = i.

gogo-wa

i-soga-shi-

Line’s busy. = hana-shi-chu-desu

but.[shika-shi, daga, demo, sore-demo] butterfly.[ chocho] buy.[ ka-u ] 39

buyer-by-work ex. Money cannot buy happiness. = Happiness cannot be bought with money. = kofuku-wa kane-dewa ka-e-nai

防

buy for cash = gen-kin-de ka-u

It’s a buy. = sore-

wa hor•卜dashi-mono-da

buyer.[ ka-ite ] 随

buyer’s market = ka-ite shijo

(科

seller’s market = uri-te

shijo)

by.[ soba, made-niwa,〜de ] 防

sit by the fire = hi-no soba-ni suwaru

=jO-ji made-niwa de

跋

^ by ten o’clock

by oneself = hito-ri-de, jibu-n-

travel by plane = hiko-ki-de ryoko-suru

chance = guzen-ni

防

^ by

by mistake = ayama-tte, ma-

chiga-tte

by-work.[ na-i-shoku, fuku-gyo]

cab.[ taku-shT ] cabbage.[ kyabe-tsu ] cabin.[ koya ] 防

a log cabin = maruta-goya

cabman.[ taku-shT-no un-ten-shu ] cactus.[ sabo-ten ] cage.[ tori-kago, ori ] cake.[ keki, o-kashi ] calamity.[ sa-i-nan, wazawa-i ] calculate.[ ke-i-san-suru, mitsu-moru ] ex. His income is calculated to be around 10,000 pounds a year. =kare-no shunyu-wa nen-ni yaku ich•卜man pondo-to ke-isan-sarate-iru

calculated.[ ke-i-kaku-teki-na, ke-isan-sareta ] calculator.[ ke-isan-sha, ke-isan-ki ] calendar.[ ka-renda] calf.[ ko-u-shi ] call.[ yobu ] ex. Someone called my name. = dareka-ga watashi-no nama-e-o yonda

calligraphy.[ shodo] calm.[ odayaka-na, shizuka-na ] calm weather = odayaka-na tenko

隊

a calm sea =

shizuka-na umi

Cambridge University.[ kenbu-ri-jji da-i-gaku ] camel.[ rakuda ] camellia.[ tsu-baki ] camping.[ kyanpu se-i-katsu, ya-e-i ] campus life.[ da-i-gaku se-i-katsu ] 41

can-captivate

can.[〜dekiru ] ex. I can speak Japanese a little. = watashi-wa nihon-go-o suko-shi hana-su koto-ga deki-masu

Canada.[ ka-nada] canal.[ u-nga] cancel.[ tori-kesu ] ex. I canceled my order. = watashi-wa chumon-o torikeshi-ta

The baseball game was canceled due to rain.=

yakyO-no shi-a-i-wa ame-de chOshi-ni na-tta

cancer.[ gan ] candidate.[ koho-sha, shi-gan-sha] a candidate for the presidential nomination = da-i-tdryo shime-i koho-sha

candle.[ rosoku ] candy.[ kyande, ame ] canned.[ kan-zume-no ] canned goods = kan-zume shoku-hin

cannery.[ kan-zume kojo ] cap.[ boshi ] capability.[ noryoku, sa-ino, so-shitsu ] capacity.[ noryoku, yoseki ] Cape of Good Hope.[ kibo-ho ] capital.[ shuto] 跋

a capital city = shuto

ex. Capital! = su-teki!, sugo-

i!跋 a capital idea = su-bara-shi-i kanga-e

跋

a capital

letter = o-o-moji

capitalism.[ shi-hon-shugi ]' capitalist.[ shi-hon-ka] Capitol.[ ko-kka-i gijido ] captivate.[ kokoro-o tora-eru, miwaku-suru ] ex. Your speech captivated the audience. = a-nata-no zetsu-wa chdshu-no kokoro-o tora-eta

en-

He was capti¬

vated by her beauty. = kare-wa ka-nojo-no u-tsuku-shisa-

42

captive-cartoon ni u-ttori-shita

captive.[ horyo ] capture.[ tsukama-eru, te-ni ireru ] 跋

capture the affection of a girl = jose-i-no a-i-o uru

car.[ kuruma, jidosha ] ^ by car = kuruma-de

carbine.[ kabin-ju ] card.[ kado, me-i-shi ] 跋

visiting card = me-i-shi

ex. Let’s play cards. = toranpu-

o shi-masho

care.[ shinpa-i, chu-i, kokoro-kubari ] ter c/o =〜kata

^ Mr. Taro Sato c/o Mr. Kato = Kato-

sama-kata Sato Taro-sama sama-kata A-sama

防

防

Mr. A c/o Mr. B = S-

take care of

suru,〜no mendo-o miru

=〜no sewa-o

〜

ex. Please take care of my chil¬

dren. =watashi-no kodomo-tachi-no sewa-o shitekudasa-i

careful.[ chu-i-buka-i ] ex. Be careful not to break it. = kowasa-na-i yoni chO-i-shinasa-i

careless.[ fu-chQ-i-na, ke-i-sotsu-na ] 跋

a careless mistake = fu-chu-i-na aya-machi

caricature.[ fushi-manga, manga ] carnival.[ sha-niku-sa-i, kani-baru ] carol.[ sanbi-ka ] carp.[ ko-i ] carpenter.[ da-iku ] carrier pigeon.[ den-sho-bato] carrot.[ nin-jin ] carry.[ hakobu, mo-tte-yuku, mo-tte-aruku ] ex. I always carry some money with me. = watash卜wa /•tsumo ikuraka kane-o mo-tte aruku.

cartoon.[ jij manga ] 卜

43

carve-catch

carve.[ chokoku-suru, horu ] ex. I carved a model ship. =

watashi~wa moke-i-no fune-o

ho-tta

carving.[ chokoku ] case.[ ba-a-i 】 in any case = toni-kaku 防 in case 〜=〜no ba-a-iwa ex. In case I forget, remind me of it. = watashi-ga wasureta ba-a-i-wa chd-i-shite-kudasa-i 膝1 in case of 〜 =〜no toki-wa，〜no ba-a~i-wa ^ in case of my abs¬ ence =watashi-ga rusu-no ba-a-i-wa 防

case study.[ jire-i kenkyu ] case worker.[ se-i-katsu-kankyo chosa-in ] cash.[ gen-kin ] 防

pay in cash =

gen-kin-de hara-u

cash on delivery.[ da-ikin hiki-ka-e-bara-i ] c. 0. D. = collect on delivery cassette.[ kase-tto ] cast.[ nage-ru, tohyo-suru ] 咏

cast anchor =

ikari-o orosu

跋

cast a vote =

tohyo-

suru

casting vote.[ ke-tte-i-hyo] castle.[ shiro] casual.[ guzen-no, omo-i-gake-na-i, rinji-no] 防

casual wear =

fudan-gi

cat.[ neko] 防

i-gami-a-tte-iru jinse-i ぽ put a bell neko-ni suzu-o tsuke-ru (= muzuka-

cat and dog life =

on the cats collar =

shi-i)

catalogue.[ kata-rogu, moku-roku ] catch.[ tsuka-ma-eru, tora-eru, wakaru (= know)]

a-nata-no i-tte-iru koto-ga yoku wakari-masen-deshi-ta 防 catch cold =

ex. I didn’t quite catch what you said. =

44

catholic-certain kaze-o hiku

Catholic.[ kato-ri-kku-kyo-no ] 防

the Catholic Church = kato-ri-kku kyoka-i

causal.[ gen-in-no] 防

a causal relation = in-ga kanke-i

cause.[ gen-in, riyQ, ]

(一

effect = ke-kka)

ex. What was the cause of the accident? = jiko-no aen-in-wa nan-desu-ka

cautious.[ yojin-buka-i, buka-i ]

shincho-na,

chu-i-

ex. You should be more cautious when driving. = kuruma-o unten-suru-toki-wa

mo-tto shin-chd-ni nari-nasa-i

Be

cautious about money affairs. = kin-sen-monda-i-wa shincho-ni nasa-i

cave.[ hora-ana, ana ] CBS… .• Columbia Broadcasting System =

koronbi-a hoso-

ga-i-sha

cease.[ yame-ru, chushi-suru ] ex. They ceased talking. = They ceased to talk. = karera-wa hana-shi-o yame-ta

cease-fire.[ kyQsen, kyQsen me-ire-i ] ceiling.[ tenjo] 球

ceiling price = sa-iko ka-kaku

celebrate.[ iwa-u ] as- celebrate Christmas = kurisu-masu-o iwa-u

celebration.[ shuku-ga-ka-i ] censure.[ hi-nan, toga-me ] central.[ chuo-no, chushin-no] century.[ i-sse-i-ki, hyaku-nen ] ceremony.[ gi-shiki, shiki ] certain.[ ki-tto, tashi-ka-na] ex. It is certain to rain tonight. = kon-ya-wa ki-tto ame-ga furi-masu

45

certainly-charter

certainly.[ tashi-ka-ni ](= sure) ex. Certainly! = shochi-shi-mashi-ta

"Certainly not” = ton-

demo-na-i, dame-desu

certificate.[ shome-i-sho, menjo] certify.[ shome-i-suru, kaku-nin-suru ] chain.[ ku-sari, shiba-ru ] ex. I am chained to my work. = watashi-wa shi-goto-ni shiba-rarete-iru

chair.[ isu ] ex. Won't you take a chair? = o-kake-ni nari-masen-ka

chairman.[ gicho, i-in-cho ] challenge.[ chosen, chosen-suru ] champion.[ yusho-sha ] chance.[ gQzen, kika-i ] ex. We met by chance on the street. = watashi-tachi-wa guzen machi-de a-tta

change.[ ka-eru, ara-tameru, tsuri-sen ] ex. I’ve changed my mind. = watashi-wa kanga-e-o ka-emashi-ta

Give me my change. = tsuri-o kudasa-i

changeable.[ kawari-yasu-i ] kt changeable weather = kawari-yasu-i tenki

channel.[ ka-ikyo, chan-neru ] chapel.[ re-iha-i-do] character.[ se-i-kaku, jin-kaku, moji ] a person of character = jin-kaku-sha

^ a Chinese char¬

acter =kanji

charity.[ haku-a-i, omo-i-yari ] charming.[ u-tsuku-shi-i, mi-ryoku-teki-na, tano-shi-i ] chart.[ ka-izu, zuhyo] charter.[ menkyo-jo, kari-kiru ] ex. Our school chartered two buses for the excursion. = gakkd-wa shOgaku-ryoko-ni basu ni-da-i-o kariki-tta

46

chase-chief ^ the Charter of the United Nations = koku-sa-i rengo kensho

chase.[ o-i-dasu ] ex. The dog chased the cat out of the room. = inu-wa neko-o heya-kara o-i-dashi-ta

chat.[ zatsu-dan-suru ] ex. I had a chat with him. = watashi-wa kare-to zatsu-danshita

chatter.[ o-shaberi-o-suru, pecha-kucha shaberu ] cheap.[ yasu-i ] expensive = taka-i) » cheap humor = gehin-na yumo-a

cheat.[ dama-su, goma-kasu ] ex. He cheated me of my money. = kare-wa watashi-o dama-shite kane-o to-tta

check.[ osa-eru, ten-ken-suru ] cheek.[ ho-o] ex. Her cheeks turned red in embarrassment. = hazuka-shisa-no ama-ri ka-nojo-no ho-o-wa akara-nda

cheerful.[ genki-no yo-i, genki-na ] chemical.[ ka-gaku-no] chemist.[ ka-gaku-sha ] chemistry.[ ka-gaku ] cherish.[ kawa-i-garu, da-iji-ni suru ] cherry.[ sakura ] cherry blossom.[ sakura-no hana ] cherry tree.[ sakura-no ki ] chest.[ hako, mune ] » a medicine chest = kusur卜bako

ex. I have a pain in my

chest. = mune-ga ita-i

chew.[ kamu ] chicken.[ hina, hiyoko] chief.[ shuryo, ka-shira, oya-kata ] 47

child-civil

child.[ kodomo] childhood.[ kodomo-jida-i ] childish.[ kodomo-rashi-i ] China.[ chugoku ] china.[toki, tojiki, seto-mono] chivalry.[ kishi-do, kishi-do se-i-shin ] choice.[ sen-taku, erabu koto ] ex. Which is your choice? = dochira-ni shi-masu-ka

choke.[ chi-ssoku-sa-seru ] choose.[ erabu, sen-taku-suru ] ex. Please choose which shoes you like best. = dono kutsu-ga ichi-ban i-ika erabi-nasa-i

Christ.[ kiri-suto] Christian.[ kiri-suto-kyo shinja] Christmas.[ kurisu-masu ] chrysanthemum.[ kiku, kiku-no hana ] chuckle.[ kusu-kusu wara-u ] chum.[ naka-yoshi ] church.[ kyoka-i ] cinema.[ e-iga-kan ] 歧

go to the cinema = e-iga-o mi-ni yuku

circle.[ en, en-shu ] a half circle = han-en

circulation.[ jun-kan ] circumstance.[ kankyo, kyogu ] citizen.[ komin, koku-min, shi-min ] ぼ

an American citizen = ame-rika koku-min

citizenship.[ komin-ken, shi-min-ken ] city.[toshi, toka-i ] et New York City = NyOyOku-shi toshi

city hall.[ shi-yaku-sho] civil.[ shi-min-no] 48

^ a large city = da-i-

civilian-climber civil rights = shi-min-ken，komin-ken =min-kan kuko

跋

a civil airport

w a civil affairs = koku-na-i monda-i

civilian.[ min-kan-jin, i-ppan shi-min ] civilization.[ bu-n-me-i ] civilized.[ bu-n-me-i-ka-shita, kyoyo-no aru ] {** barbarous = yaban-na, mika-i-no)

claim.[ yokyu-suru, se-ikyu-suru ] clam.[ hama-guri ] clambake.[ hama-guri-yaki ] clamp.[ kasuga-i, tome-gane ] class.[ kumi, kurasu, ju-gyo ] ex. We are in class. = ju-gyo-chu-desu

class room.[ kyo-shitsu ] class teacher.[ tan-nin kyoshi ] clause.[ se-tsu, bu-n-se-tsu ] 跋

noun clause = me-i-shi se-tsu

clean.[ kire-i-na, se-i-ketsu-na

](料

dirty

=

kita-

na-i) 防

a clean room = kire-i-na heya

kiyoraka-na kokoro

跋

a clean heart =

a clean start = jinse-i-no a-tara-

shi-i shu-ppatsu

cleaning.[ soji, sen-taku ] general cleaning = o-o-soji

clear.[ hareta, akaru-i ] o' a clear sky = hareta sora

clearly.[ ha-kkiri-to, aki-raka-ni ] clerk.[ jimu-in, shoki ] 拔

a bank clerk = ginko-in

clever.[ riko-na, ka-shiko-i ] climate.[ kiko] climax.[ choten ] climb.[ noboru ] climber.[ tozan-sha, tozan-ka ] 49

clinic-cold

clinic.[ shinryo-jo, kurini-kku ] clock.[ oki-doke-i, ha-shira-doke-i ] ぽ

an alarm clock = meza-mashi-doke-i

clock tower.[ toke-i-da-i, toke-i-to] clockwise.[ migi-mawari, toke-i-mawari ] ex. The dial rotates clockwise. = da-i-yaru-wa migi-mawaridesu

close1.[ tojiru, shime-ru, owaru ] 琢

close the door = do-a-o shime-ru

^ close my speech =

en-zetsu-o owaru

close2.[ chika-i, se-kkin-shite-iru ] ex. Christmas vacation is close to an end. = kurisu-masu-no yasumi-wa owari-ni chika-i

I live so close to your school.

=watashi-wa a-nata-no ga-kko-no chika-ku-ni sunde-i-masu

跋

a close friend = shin-yO

clothes.[ i-fuku, ki-mono] cloud.[ kumo] cloudy.[ kumo-ri ] ex. It’s cloudy today. = kyO-wa kumo-ri-desu

club.[ kurabu, doko-ka-i, ka-i ] clumsy.[ bu-kiyo-na] ex. Don’t ask him to carry anything because he is very clumsy.= bu-Kiyd-na-n-da-kara

kare-ni

monoo

hakobu

yoni

tano-nde-wa ike-na-i

coal.[ seki-tan ] coast.[ ka-igan ] coat.[ uwagi, koto] coffee.[ kohl] 琢

a cup of coffee = kdhT i-ppa-i

跃

coffee and cream =

kurTmu iri kdhT

coin.[ koka, ko-in ] cold.[ samu-i, tsume-ta-i, re-itan-na a-tsu-i)

50

](钟

hot =

cold-hearted-coming »*• a cold reply = tsume-ta-i henji

cold-hearted.[ re-itan-na, mujo-na ] collect.[ a-tsu-meru ] college.[ da-i-gaku ] collide.[ shoto-tsu-suru, bu-tsu-karu ] collision.[ shoto-tsu ] colloquial.[ kogo-ta-i-no] ぽ

colloquial English = kogo-ta-i-no e-igo

Colombia.[ ko-ronbi-a ] colonist.[ ka-iga-i iju-sha ] colony.[ shoku-min-chi ] ex. Canada was a British colony. = Ka-nada-wa e-i-koku-no shoku-min-chi-deshi-ta

comb.[ ku-shi ] combat.[ sento, tataka-i ] combination.[ kumi-awase, ha-igo] combine.[ ketsu-go-suru, awa-seru ] ex. I think you should combine these two jobs into one. = kono futa-tsu-no shi-goto-o awa-sete hito-tsu-ni su-beki-dato omo-i-masu

come.[ kuru, yuku, ma-iru ] ex. I’ll come to see you tomorrow. = asu a-nata-ni a-i-ni yuki-masu

跋

come to〜=〜/?/ naru

How did you come

to like the man? = a-nata-wa doshite ano otoko-o suki-ni na-tta-no-desu-ka

comedy.[ ki-geki ] comet.[ su-ise-i ] comfort.[ nagu-same ] comfortable.[ ki-mochi-no yo-i, kiraku-na ] ex. I am quite comfortable in this hotel. = kono ho-teru-wa to-temo ki-mochi-ga yo-i

Make yourself comfortable. = o-

raku-ni shite-kudasa-i

coming.[ tsugi-no, kondo-no] 51

command-company 琢

the coming examination = kondo-no shiken

琢

this com¬

ing Friday = kono tsugi-no kin-yobi-ni

command.[ me-ire-i, me-ire-i-suru ] ex. I command you to come here! = koko-ni ki-nasa-i meire-i-da

commander.[ shiki-sha, shire-i-kan ] commence.[ hajime-ru, hajima-ru ] (= begin) ex. The performances will commence at 6. 30 p.m. = ko-en~wa gogo roku-ji-han-ni hajima-ru

comment.[ ronpyo] commerce.[ shogyo, bo-eki ] committee.[ i-in-ka-i ] ex. The committee meets every Friday. = i-in-ka-•卜wa ma-ishu kin-yooi-ni hira-kare-masu

commodity.[ nichi-yo-hin, shohin ] ex. Prices of commodities are rising. = bu-kka-ga aga-tte-iru

common.[ fu-tsu-no, ari-fureta ] 跋

a common flower = ari-fureta hana

common sense.[ jo-shiki ] communicate.[ tsuta-eru, bu-n-tsu-suru ] ex. He is able to communicate in English. = kare-wa e-igode i-shi-o tsuta-eru koto-ga deki masu

communism.[ kyosan-shugi ] communist.[ kyosan-shugi-sha ] community.[ chi-iki-shaka-i ] ex. We must work for the welfare of the community. = watashitachi-wa

shaka-i-no

fuku-shi-no

tame-ni hata-raka-

neba-nara-na-i

compact.[ chi-i-sana ] 跋

a compact car = chOgata-sha

companion.[ naka-ma ] company.[ ka-i-sha] ex. I’m working in an oil company. = watashi-wa sekiyu-qa-

52

comparatively—conduct i-sha-de hata-ra-ite-i-masu

comparatively.[ hikaku-teki ] ex. It is comparatively cool here. = koko-wa hikaku-teki suzu-shi-i

compare.[ hikaku-suru, tato-eru ] ^ compare London with Paris = Ron-don-o Pari-to hikakusuru

ex. Man's life is often compared to a candle. = jinse-i-

wa yoku rosoku-ni tato-e-rareru

compensation.[ tsugu-na-i, hosho] compete.[ kyoso-suru ] complain.[ fuhe-i-o yu-u ] complex.[ fuku-zatsu-na, komi-i-tta ] 球

a complex problem = fuku-zatsu-na monda-i

compliment.[ home-ru, o-seji-o yu-u ] ex. He complimented her on her good looks. = kare-wa kanojo-no bibo-o home-ta

comprehend.[ rika-i-suru ] ex. I can't comprehend what you are trying to say. = a-nata-ga nani-o i-o-to shite-iru-no-ka rika-i-deki-masen

conceal.[ kaku-su ] conceit.[ u-nubo-reru ] concentrate.[ shuchQ-suru, sen-nen-suru ] ex. I concentrated my powers on mathematics. = watashi-wa sugaku-ni chikara-o shOchO-shita

conception.[ kanga-e, ga-i-nen ] concert.[ ongaku-ka-i, kon-sato ] conclusion.[ ketsu-ron, ketsu-matsu ] ex. The affair came to a happy conclusion. = sono jiken-wa yo-i ketsu-matsu-o muka-eta

condemn.[ hi-nan-suru, toga-meru, seme-ru ] condition.[ choshi, jota-i ] conduct.[ oko-na-i, hinko ] ex. Her conduct is very good. = ka-nojo-wa hinko hosei-da

53

conference-considering

conference.[ sodan, ka-igi ] ex. The teachers are in a conference now. = sense-i-tachi-wa ima ka-igi-cho-desu

confess.[ jihaku-suru, koku-haku-suru ] ex. The prisoner refused to confess. = sono shojin-wa jihaku-suru koto-o kyohi-shita

confession.[ jihaku, koku-haku ] confide.[ uchi-akeru ] ex. She confided her troubles to me. = ka-nojo-wa shinpa-igoto-o watashi-ni uchi-aketa

confident.[ kaku-shin-shite-iru, ji-shin-ga aru ] confuse.[ kon-ran-suru, kondo-suru ] congratulate.[ iwa-u ] ex. I congratulate you on your success. = se-iko omedetd

congratulation ..[ iwa-i ] ex. Congratulations ! = omedetd

I offer you my congratula¬

tions. = o-iwa-i-o mOshi-age-masu

Congress.[ ko-kka-i ] connection.[ kanke-i ] ex. He had no connection with the university. = kare-wa sono da-i-gaku-to kanke-i-wa naka-tta

conquer.[ se-i-fuku-suru ] conscience.[ ryoshin ] conservative.[ hoshu-teki-na] consider. to omo-u, koryo-suru ] [〜

ex. I consider him to be a clever man. = kare-wa rikO-na hito-da-to omo-u

Consider other people’s feelings. = hoka-

no hito-no ki-mocn卜0 kdryo-sn卜nasa-i

considerable.[ juyo-na, no]

yohodo-no,

ka-nari-

ex. There is a considerable amount of garbage in the driveway.= dora-ibu-u-百-niwa ka-nari-no ryo-no gomi-ga aru

considering.

no wari-niwa]

[〜

54

console-contribution ex. You did well considering your inexperience. = ke-iken-no na-i wari-niwa a-nata-wa yoku yari-mashi-ta

console.[ nagu-same-ru ] ex. I tried to console him in vain. = kare-o nagu-same-yo-to shita-ga muda-deshi-ta

constant.[ ta-ema-na-i, kawara-na-i ] 雄our

constant purpose = watashi-tachi-no kawara-na-i

moku-teki

constantly.[ ta-ezu, kawarazu-ni ] consume •••••• [ shohi-suru ] consumer.[ shohi-sha] consumption.[ shohi, ha-i-ke-kkaku ] contact.[ se-sshoku, ren-raku, tsuki-a-i ] contain.[fuku-mu, ha-i-tte-iru ] ex. What does this bottle contain? = kono bin-niwa nani-ga ha-i-tte-i-masu-ka

contemplate.[ ji-tto kanga-eru, ju-kko-suru ] contemporary.[ genda-i-no, dojida-i-no] 隊

contemporary literature = genda-i bu-n-gaku

content1.[na-iyo, naka-mi, moku-ji ] content2.[ man-zoku ] 球

to my heart’s content = kokoro-yuku-made

continent.[ ta-i-riku ] ex. Asia is the largest continent in the world. = aji-a-wa sekai-de sa-i-da-i-no ta-i-riku-desu

continue.[ tsuzu-keru ] 防

continue one’s research of English = e-igo-rto kenkyO-o

tsuzu-keru

contradiction.[ mu-jun, hanta-i, hite-i ] 跋

a contradiction between two ideas = futa-tsu-no kanga-e-

no mu-jun

contribute.[ kifu-suru, koken-suru ] contribution.[ kifu-kin, koken ] 55

control-cost_

control.[ shiha-i-suru, kanri-suru, se-igensuru ] convenience goods.[ nichi-yo-hin, nichi-yoza-kka] convenient.[ benri-na, te-goro-na, tsugo-noyo-i] convention.[ shiki-tari ] sr a social convention = shaka-i-no shiki-tari

conversation.[ ka-iwa, ta-iwa ] - a brief conversation = mijika-i ka-iwa

〇

cook.[ ryori-suru ] cooking.[ ryori ] cool.[ suzu-shi-i, tsume-ta-i, re-itan-na ] co-operate.[ kyo-ryoku-suru ] corn.[ tomoro-koshi ] corner.[ kado, ma-gari-kado ] cornfield.[ tomoro-koshi-bata-ke ] correct.[ tada-shi-i, se-i-kaku-na, te-i-se-isuru ] ex. Correct errors, if any. = aya-mari-ga areba te-i-se-ishi-nasa-i

correspond.[ bu-n-tsu-suru ] ぽ

correspond with an American girl = ame-rika-no shdjo-to

bu-n-tsu-suru

correspondent.[ tsushin-in ] sr a special correspondent = toku-ha-in

corrupt.[ fuha-i-shita, kita-na-i ]

kusa-tta,

yogore-ta,

ex. They say that politics is corrupt. = se-iji-wa fuha-i-shiteiru-to i-ware-te-i-masu

cost.[ nedan, hiyo, ka-kaku ] ex. This book cost me 10 dollars. = kono hon-wa ju-dorushita

56

^ the cost of living = se-i-katsu-hi

cottage-crime

cottage.[ koya ] ex. He lived in a cottage by the river. = kare-wa kawa-no soba-no koya-ni su-nde-ita

cough.[ seki ] council.[ ka-igi ] counsel.[ sodan, jogen ] count.[ kazo-eru, ke-isan-suru ] countless.[ kazo-e-kire-na-i, musu-no] country.[ kuni, i-naka ] couple.[ i-ttsu-i, fufu, hito-kumi ] 防

a well matched couple = ni-a-i-no fufu

courage.[ yQki ] ex. Have courage! = yuki-o dashi-nasa-i!

court.[naka-niwa, koto] ex. Our school has a large court. = watashi-tachi-no gakko-niwa o-o-kina naka-niwa-ga aru

courtesy.[ re-igi, ko-i J by courtesy of ~ = ~ no kO-i-ni yoru cousin.[ i-toko ] 跋

a second cousin = mata-i-toko

coward.[ okubyo-mono] crab.[ kani ] cradle.[yuri-kago] cradle-song.[ ko-mori-uta ] crawl.[ ha-u ] crazy.[ mu-chu-no] ex. He is crazy about dancing. = kare-wa dansu-ni mu-chuda

create.[ sozo-suru, sosaku-suru ] creature.[ sozo-butsu, nin-gen ] credit.[ shin-yo, shinra-i ] crew.[ sen-in, funa-nori ] crime ••••■• [ tsumi, hanza-i ] 57

crisis-custom sr commit a crime = tsumi-o oka-su

crisis.[ kiki, kiken, ichi-da-i-ji ] et a national crisis = ko-kka-no ichi-da-i-ji

cross.[ yoko-giru ] crouch.[ uzuku-maru, shaga-mu, kaga-mu ] crow.[ karasu ] crowd.[ gu-n-shu, hito-gomi ] crown.[ okan, o-i ] cruel.[ zan-koku-na ] cruelty.[ zan-koku ] cruise.[ naga-su, ha-i-ka-i-suru ] 跋

a cruising taxi = naga-shi-no taku-shT

cry.[ naku, sa-kebu ] ex. “Wonderful” he cried. =「su-bara-shi-i」-to kare-wa sakenda

crybaby.[ naki-mushi, yowa-mushi ] cryptogram.[ ango, ango-bu-n ] crystal.[ su-i-sho] cuddle.[ daki-shime-ru, hoyo-suru ] culture.[ kyoyo, bu-nka ] 防

a man of culture = kyOyo-no aru hito

cup.[ ko-ppu, cha-wan ] et a cup of coffee = kOhT i-ppa-i

cure.[ na-osu ] cure a headache = zu-tsO-o na-osu

curio.[ ko-ttO-hin, bi-jutsu-hin ] curiosity.[ koki-shin ] curly hair.[ maki-ge ] current.[ ima-no, genza*i-no] 琢

current English = genda-i e-igo, jiji-e-igo

opinions = se-ron, yo-ron

curry and rice.[ kare-ra-isu ] custom -••…[shukan, fushu ] 58

防

current

customer-cynic ex. It is his custom to rise early. = hayaku okiru-no-ga kareno shokan-desu

customer.[ kyaku, otoku-i-sama ] cut.[ kiru, ma-keru ] ex. Can you cut it down to five dollars? = sore-wa go-doru-ni ma-kari-masen-ka

cute.[ kawa-i-i, kawa-ira-shi-i ] 防

What a cute baby! = nante kawa-i-i aka-chan-deshd!

cuttlefish.[ ika] cynic.[ hi-niku-ya ]

59

dad.[ pa-pa, to-chan ] ex. A father is often called Dad by his children. = chichi-oyawa yoku kodomo-tachi-ni o-to-chan-to yobare-masu

dady.[ to-chan, o-to-san ] daffodil.[ su-i-sen ] daily.[ ma-i-nichi-no, nichi-jo-no ] 跋

in our daily life = nichi-jd se-i-katsu-dewa

damage.[ higa-i ] damn.[ nono-shiru, kena-su ] ex. Damn you! (= Damn it!) = kon-chiku-shd!

dance.[ dansu, odoru ] dangerous.[ kiken-na, abuna-i ] ex. It is dangerous to go swimming alone. = hito-ri-de oyogini yuku-no-wa kiken-desu

dark.[ kura-i, kuro-i ] ex. She has dark eyes and dark hair. = ka-nojo-wa kuro-i me-de kuro-i kami-o shite-i-masu

darling.[ kawa-i-i hito] ex. (My) Darling! = ne-e a-nata!

dash.[ to-sshin-suru ] date.[ hizuke, deto] et the date of your birth = kimi-no se-inen ga-ppi

daughter.[ mu-sume ] dawn.[ yo-ake ]

(一

son ; mu-suko、

ex. He works from dawn till dusk. = kare-wa yo-ake-kara hi-gure-made hata-raki-masu

day.[ hi, hiruma ] ぽ

day and night = hiru-mo yoru-mo

nichi

60

night = yoru)

防

day by day = hi-ni-hi-ni

跋

every day = ma-i-

daybreak-deep

daybreak.[ yo-ake ] day laborer.[ hiyato-i-rodo-sha] daylight-saving time.[ natsu-jikan ] day nursery.[ taku-ji-sho] daytime.[ hiruma ] dead.[ shin-da ] ex. I often think of my dead father. = watashi-wa yoku shinda chichi-no koto-o omo-i-dashi-masu

dealer.[ shonin, ~ sho] ex. Why are you going to be a dealer in fine arts? = naze bijutsu-sho-ni nari-ta-卜no-desu-ka

death.[ shi ] debate.[ rongi-suru, kento-suru ] debt.[ sha-kkin ] decay.[ kusa-ru ] decayed.[ kusa-tta ] sy decayed tooth = mushi-ba

deceive.[ hito-o dama-su J ra* deceive oneself = kan-chiga-i-suru

December.[ joni-gatsu ] decide.[ kime-ru, ke-sshin-suru ] ex. He decided to be a doctor. = kare-wa i-sha-ni naro-to ke-sshin-shi-mashi-ta

decision.[ ke-tte-i, ke-sshin ] declare.[ sen-gen-suru, dan-gen-suru J ex. They declared him an enemy to mankind. = karera-wa kare-o jinru-i-no teki-da-to sen-gen-shita

decrease.[ heru, gen-sho-suru ] deed.[ ko-i ] ex. He is kind in word and deed. = kare-wa genko tomo-ni shin-setsu-desu

deep.[ fuka-i ] ex. How deep is the pond? = sono ike-wa dono-kura-i

61

deer-deposit fuka-i-desu-ka

deer.[ shika ] defeat.[ ma-kasu, uchi-yabu-ru ] defend.[ mamo-ru, bogyo-suru, fuse-gu ] ex. We must defend our country. = wareware-wa jibu-n-no kuni-o mamo-ra-neba-nara-na-i

define.[ ha-kkiri nobe-ru, te-igi-suru ] definite.[ me-i-kaku-na, ha-kkiri-shita ] 防

a definite answer = ha-kkiri-shita henji

degree.[ te-ido, ka-ikyu ] delay.[ okureru, noba-su ] ex. The train was delayed two hours. = kisha-wa ni-jikan okureta

delegation.[ da-ihyo-dan, haken-dan ] delicate.[ yubi-na, bimyo-na, kayowa-i ] delicious.[ o-i-shi-i, uma-i ] delightful.[ tano-shi-i, yuka-i-na ] democracy.[ min-shu-shugi ] denote.[ hyoji-suru, imi-suru ] ex. A red flag denotes danger. = aka-i hata-wa kiken-o imisuru

dense.[ mi-sshu-shita, ko-i ] 防

a dense fog = ko-i kiri

^ a dense forest = mitsu-rin

dentist.[ ha-i-sha] deny.[ hite-i-suru, kyohi-suru ] depart.[ shu-ppatsu-suru ] departure.[ shu-ppatsu ] 跋

the departure platform = ha-ssha homu

depend.

shida-i-de-aru, tayori-ni suru ]

[〜

ex. Success depends on efforts. = se-iko-wa smda-i-de-aru

These children depend on her. = kodomo-

tachi-wa ka-nojo-o tayori-ni shite-i-masu

deposit.[ azu-keru ] 62

doryoku

deprive-devil

deprive.[ uba-u ] ex. I was deprived of my money. = watashi-wa kane-o ubaware-ta

depth.[ fuka-sa ] describe.[ nobe-ru, byosha-suru, yu-u ] description.[ byosha, hyogen ] ^ beyond description = i-i-arawase-na-i

desire.[ nozo-mu, ho-ssuru, nega-u ] ex. Most people desire happiness. = ta-ite-i-no hito-wa kofuku-o nozonde-i-masu

desk.[ tsuku-e, hen-shu-bu ] 咳

desk theory = kijo-no kuron

despair.[ zetsu-bo] ex. In despair he lost his senses. = zetsu-bo-no amari karewa shoki-o ushi-na-tta

despise.[ ke-i-betsu-suru, sage-sumu ] dessert.[ dezato] destination.[ moku-teki-chi, yuki-saki ] destiny.[ u-n-me-i, shuku-me-i, sada-me ] destroy.[ haka-i-suru, horo-bosu, kowasu ] ex. The earthquake destroyed the whole city. = ji-shin-wa zen-shi-o haka-i-shita

destruction.[ haka-i, metsu-bo ] detail.[ sa-ibu, kuwa-shi-i koto, shosa-i ] ex. I cannot you tell any details. = kuwa-shi-i koto-wa nanimo i-e-masen

detect.[ mi-yaburu, kizuku ] detective.[ tante-i ] ぼ

a detective story = tante-i sho-setsu, su-iri sho-setsu

determination.[ ke-tte-i, ke-sshin, ketsu-i ] develop.[ ha-tten-suru, ka-i-hatsu-suru, se-icho-sa-seru ] devil.[ akuma ] 63

devise-direct

devise.[ kufu-suru, ko-an-suru ] devote.[ sasa-geru ] ex. He devoted himself to literature. = kara-wa bu-n-gaku-ni i-sshd-o sasa-ge-mashi-ta

dew.[ tsuyu, shizuku ] dialect.[ hogen ] diameter.[ cho-kke-i ] ex. The diameter of this circle is 12 inches. = sono en-no cho-kke-i-wa juni-inchi-desu

diary.[ ni-kki ] ex. Do you write in your diary everyday? = ma-i-nichi ni-kki-o tsuke-te-i-masu-ka

dictate.[ kaki-tora-seru ] dictation.[ kaki-tori ] dictionary.[ jisho, jiten ] ra? consult a dictionary = jisho-o hiku

differ.[ koto-naru, chiga-u, iken-ga chiga-u ] ex. Regarding this point I differ with you. = kono ten-dewa watashi-wa a-nata-to iken-ga chiga-u

different.[ chiga-u, iro-iro-na ] ex. This dictionary is different from yours. = kono jisho-wa anata-no towa chiga-u

difficult.[ mu-zuka-shi-i, kon-nan-na ] a difficult problem = kon-nan-na monda-i

dig.[ horu ] diligent.[ kin-ben-na, ne-sshin-na ] dining room.[ shoku-do] dinner.[ shoku-ji ] 跋

at dinner = shoku-ji-chO

dip.[ hita-su ] ex. He dipped a pen in ink and began to write. = pen-o inku‘ ni hita-shite kare-wa kaki-hajime-mashi-ta

direct.[ choku-setsu-no, ma-ssugu-na] 64

directory-disguise 防

a direct road = ma-ssugu-na michi

琢

a direct tax =

choku-setsu-ze-i

directory.[ jin-me_i-bo

】

跋

a telephone directory = denwa-cho

dirty.[ kita-na-i, fuketsu-na ] ex. Wash your dirty hands. = kita-na-i te-o ara-i-nasa-i 跋

dirty money = fuse-i-na kane

disappear.[ mi-e-naku-naru, ki-eru ] disappoint.[ ga-kkari-sa-seru, shi-tsu-bo-saseru ] ex. She was disappointed to see it. = ka-nojo-wa sore-o mite ga-kkari-shita

disappointment.[ shi-tsu-bS ] disarmament.[ buso-ka-ijo, gu-nbi sho] 防

shuku-

a disarmament conference = gu-n-shuku ka-igi

disaster.[ sa-i-nan, sa-iga-i, tensa-i ] discern.[ miwa-keru, mito-meru ] discount.[ wari-biki ] discourage.[ rakutan-sa-seru ] discover.[ ha-kken-suru ] discovery.[ ha-kken ] ex. Dr. Sato made a new discovery. = Sato hakase-wa atara-sni-i ha-kken-o shita

discuss.[ toron-suru, hana-shi-a-u ] disease.[ byoki ] ぽ

die of a disease = byoki-de shinu

^ a serious disease

=jubyo

disgrace.[ fu-me-iyo ] disguise.[ henso-suru, kaku-su ] ex. He disguised himself as a woman. = kare-wa on-na-ni henso-shita

He disguised his sorrow beneath a cheerful

appearance. = kare-wa kana-shimi-o yoki-na hyojd-de

65

dish-dive kaku-shita

dish.[ sara, ryori ] ex. What is your favorite dish? = a-nata-no suki-na ryori-wa nan-desu-ka

dishonest.[ fu-shojiki-na ] dishonor, dishonour.[ fu-me-iyo] dislike.[ kira-u ] ex. He dislikes it. = kare-wa sore-ga kira-i-da

dismal.[ inki-na, kura-i ] display.[ shime-su, chin-retsu-suru ] displease.[fu-yuka-•卜ni suru, ki-ni-ira-na-i ] ex. I am displeased at his conduct. = kare-no ko-i-ga ki-niira-na-i

dispute.[ ronso-suru, ron-zuru ] dissolve.[ toka-su, ka-isan-suru ] ex. Parliament dissolved yesterday. = gika-i-ga kino ka-isanshita

distance.[ kyori ] ex. Tell me the distance between Tokyo and Yokohama.= Tokyo-to

Yokohama-no

aida-no

kyori-o

oshi-ete-

kudasa-i

distinguish.[ ku-betsu-suru, mi-wakeru ] ex. Speech distinguishes human oeings from animals. = gengo-wa nin-gen-o dobutsu-kara ku-betsu-suru

^ be

distinguished for 〜=〜de yume-i-de-aru

distress.[ kuno, kana-shimi ] distribute.[ bu-npa-i-suru, wake-ru ]

ha-ikyu-suru,

ex. The teacher distributed the books to the class. = sense-iwa kurasu-ni hon-o bu-npa-i-shita

disturb.[ kaki-mida-su, kon-ran-sa-seru ] ditch.[ mizo, ha-isu-i-ko] dive ••••••[ tooi-komu, mogu-ru ] 66

divide-dreadful

divide.[ wake-ru ] ex. We divided the money equally. = watashi-tachi-wa kane-o byodo-ni wake-ta

o-

Twelve can be divided by three.

=juni-wa san-de wareru

division.[ bu-n-katsu, bu-n-retsu ] doctor.[ i-sha ] ex. You had better see a doctor at once. = kimi-wa sugu isha-ni mite mora-tta ho-ga yo-i

doctrine.[ shugi, shinjo] ex. He says that “Time is money” is his doctrine. = kare-wa 「toki-wa

kane-narij-wa jibu-n-no shugi-da-to i-tte-iru

dog.[ i-nu ] doll.[ ningyo] domestic.[ kate-i-no, koku-na-i-no] 跋

domestic trouble = kate-卜na小no iza-koza

donkey.[ roba, baka-mono ] dormitory.[ ki-shuku-sha, ryo] dot.[ shimi, ten, yog ore ] double.[ niba-i, nijQ ] ex. I had to do double the amount of work because he was ab¬ sent. =kare-ga yasu-nda-node watashi-wa niba-i-no shi-goto-o shina-kereba-nara-naka-tta

doubtful.[ uta-gawa-shi-i, aya-shi-i, ha-kkirishi-na-i, wakara-na-i ] ex. It is very doubtful that he will make it on time. = kare-ga jikan do-ori-ni tsuku-ka doka-wa to-temo uta-gawashi-i

dove.[ hato] down town.[ shita-machi ] draught.[ hito-nomi ](= draft) ex. Won’t you have a draught of beer? = bTru-o i-ppa-i yarimasen-ka

dreadful.[ o-soro-shi-i ] 67

dream-duck ex. What a dreadful story! = nante o-soro-shi-i hana-shi-da

dream.[ yume-o miru, yume ] ex. I had a bad dream last night. = watashi-wa saku-ya iyana yume-o mita

dreamer.[ yume-miru-hito, muso-ka ] dream-land.[ yume-no kuni ] drench.[ bisho-nure-ni naru ] dresser.[ se-iri-dansu ] drink.[ nomu, nomi-mono] ex. Give me something to drink. = nani-ka nomi-mono-o kudasa-i

strong drinks = tsuyo-i sake

drip.[ shizuku, shita-taru ] ex. Sweat was dripping from his face. = kare-no ka-o-kara ase-ga shita-tari-ochi-te-ita

drive.[ u-n-ten-suru, o-i-tate-ru ] » drive the cattle to pasture = u-shi-o boku-jd-ni o-i-tateru

^ drive a car = kuruma-o u-n-ten-suru

droop.[ u-nada-reru, shi-oreru ] drop.[ ochi-ru ] ras- drop in = cho-tto tachi-yoru

ex. Drop in at the drug-store

and buy me today’s paper. = dora-ggu suto-a-ni yo-tte kyo-no shin-bu-n-o ka-tte-kite-kudasa-i

drown.[ obo-reru ] drowsy.[ nemu-i ] (= sleepy) drug.[ kusuri ] druggist.[ kusuri-ya] drug store.[ dora-ggu suto-a ] dry.[ kawa-ita, kanso-shita ] .[kawa-kasu, fuku ] ex. We dried our clothes in front of the fire. = watashi-tachiwa hi-no ma-e-de fuku-o kawa-kashi-ta

Dry your hands

on this towel. = kono ta-oru-de te-o fuki-nasa-i

duck •••••• [ ahiru ]

68

during-dwelling

during.[ a-ida-ni ] 防

during summer vacation =

natsu-yasumi-no a-ida-ni

dust.[ chiri, hokori ] dusty.[ hokori-ppo-i ] Dutch.[ oranda-jin, oranda-no] 跋

Dutch treat =

wari-kan

duty.[ gimu, hon-bun, yakume ] ^

kin-mu-chu 防off duty = hiban = kare-wa kyo hiban-desu

on duty =

duty today.

ex. He is off

dwarf.[ ko-bito ] ^

dwarf trees =

bonsa-i

^

dwarf-tree culture =

bonsa-i

ijiri

dwelling.[ jukyo, su-mika ] 跋

dwelling place =

jOsho

dwelling house.[ jutaku ]

69

屋 ]

—3

each.[ sore-zore-no ] suru tabi-ni ex. Each time he played in a match, he won. = kare-wa shi-a-i-o suru tabi-ni katta each other = o-taga-i-ni each time

琢

〜=〜

跋

eager.[ ne-sshin-na ] eagle.[ washi ] ear-ache.[ mimi-no-ita-i, mimi-ga-ita-i koto] early.[ haya-i ] early summer = shoka

跋

跋

In my early days = watashi-no

waka-i koro-ni

earn.[ kase-gu, mokeru ] earth.[ chikyu ] on earth = i-tta-i zenta-i

防

ex. What on earth are you

doing? = i-tta-i zenta-i nani-o shite-iru-no-desu-ka

earthquake.[ ji-shin ] earthworm.[ mimizu ] easily.[ kan-tan-ni, raku-ni ] east.[ higashi ] ex. The sun rises in the east. = ta-iyo-wa higashi-kara

nobo-ru

Easter.[ fu-kkatsu-sa-i ] easy.[ kan-tan-na, yasa-shi-i ] ex. This book is easy to read. = kono hon-wa yomi-yasu-

i Take it easy. = kiraku-ni yare, nonki-ni yare Stand easy! = yasu-me an easy life = kiraku-na se-i-katsu !琢

easy-going.[ nonki-na] eat.[ tabe-ru ] ぼ

good to eat = tabe-rareru

ebb ••…• [ kancho, hiki-shi-o] 70

echo-elect

echo.[yama-biko] economic.[ ke-iza-i-gaku-no, ke-iza-i-jo-no] i®1 economic policy = ke-iza-i se-i-saku

economy.[ ke-iza-i, setsu-yaku ] ecstasy.[ u-choten, ko-kotsu, muga-mu-chu ] Eden.[ eden-no sono] editor.[ hen-shQ-sha] ぽ

a chief editor = hen-shO-cho

educate.[ kyo-iku-suru, kun-ren-suru ] education.[ kyo-iku ] the Ministry of Education = monbu-sho

eel.[ u-nagi ] effect.[ ke-kka, koka ] iw cause and effect = gen-in-to ke-kka

effective.[ koka-teki-na, yQko-na, kiki-me-no aru ] effort.[ do-ryoku, hone-ori ] iet make an effort = do-ryoku-suru

egg.[ta-mago] (sr a boiled egg = yude-ta-mago

han-juku-ta-mago

^ a soft boiled egg = ^ a fried egg = medama-yaki

egoist.[ riko-shugi-sha, jibu-n-ka-tte-na hito] eight.[ hachi ] at eight = hachi-ji-ni

eighteen.[ jQ-hachi ] eighteenth.[ da-i-ju-hachi-no, ju-hachi-banme-no] eighth.[ hachi-ban-me-no, da-i-hachi-no ] eighty.[ hachi-ju ] elbow ••…• [ hiji ] 跋

at my elbow = tejika-ni

elbow chair.[ hiji-kake-isu ] elect.[ erabu, senkyo-suru ] 71

election-empire election.[ senkyo] ex. The election will take place in November. = senkyo-wa ju-

ichi-gatsu-ni aru-daro

electric.[ denki-no, denki-jikake-no] electric wave = denpa

咏

electricity.[ denki ] on electricity = denki-de

拔

electron.[ den-shi ] elegant.[ yuga-na, johin-na ] ex. She tried her best to make herself look elegant. = ka-nojo-

wa dekiru-dake johin-ni mi-eru yo-ni kokoro-gake-ta

elephant.[ zo ] eleven.[ ju-ichi ] elm.[ nire, nire-no ki ] eloquent.[ yuben-na, ryucho-na ] ex. He made an eloquent speech. = kare-wa ryucho-na en-

zetsu-o shita

embassy.[ ta-i-shi-kan, ta-i-shi-kan-in ] emblem.[ shocho ] embrace.[ daki-shime-ru, hoyo-suru ] ex. She closely embraced her son. = ka-nojo-wa mu-suko-o

kataku daki-shime-ta

emergency.[ hijoji ] ex. This ladder is to be used only in an emergency. = kono

hashi-go-wa hijoji-ni tsuka-wareru

emigrant.[ i-min, iju-sha ] eminent.[ yume-i-na, sugu-reta] ex. He is an eminent lawyer. = kare-wa sugu-reta bengo-

shi-da

an eminent statesman = yume-i-na se-iji-ka

emotional.[ kanjo-teki-na ] emperor.[ kote-i, ten-no] emphasize.[ tsuyo-meru, kyocho-suru ] empire.[ te-i-koku ] 72

employ-engagement

employ.[ yato-u ] ex. He is employed in a bank. = kare-wa ginko-ni tsuto-

mete-iru

employee.[ jugyo-in ] employer.[ yato-i-nushi ] employment.[ koyo] 防

full employment = kan-zen koyo

get employment =

shu-sboku-suru

empress.[ kogo] empty.[ kara-no, soso-gu ] 球

an empty box = kara-no hako

ex. The river empties into

the Japan Sea. = sono kawa-wa nihon-ka-i-ni soso-gu

enable.[ kano-ni suru ] ex. Hard training enabled him to win the race. = kibi-shi-i

kun-ren-no okage-de kare-wa resu-ni kate-ta

enchant.[ u-ttori-sa-seru, miryo-suru, kokoroo uba-u ] enclose.[ kako-u, dofQ-suru ] ex. I have enclosed some pictures with this letter. = kono tega-

mi-ni sha-shin-o dofO-shi-mashi-ta

encyclopedia.[ hya-kka-jiten ] end.[ owari ] 球

from end to end = hashi-kara hashi-made

endeavor.[ do-ryoku-suru ] endurance.[ ninta-i, jikyu-ryoku ] endure.[ ta-eru, gaman-suru, shinbo-suru ] enemy.[ teki ] ぽ

an enemy of freedom = jiyu-no teki

energy.[ se-i-ryoku, katsu-ryoku ] engage.[ yaku-soku-suru, yoyaku-suru ] ex. Are you engaged? = yaku-soku-ga ari-masu-ka

engagement.[ yaku-soku, yoyaku ] 防

an engagement ring = kon-yaku yubiwa

73

engineer-entertainment

engineer.[ gishi ] engineering.[ kogaku ] electrical engineering = denki kOgaku

England.[ i-girisu ] English.[ e-igo] ibt an English teacher = e-igo-no sense-i

enjoy.[ tano-shimu ] ex. I enjoyed meeting you. = o-a-i-shite tanoshika-tta

enjoyable.[ omo-shiro-i, tano-shi-i ] enjoyment.[ tano-shimi ] (= pleasure) enlarge.[ o-o-kiku-suru, hiro-geru, hiki-nobasu ] ex. Will you enlarge this photo? = kono sha-shin-o hiki-

noba-shite-kure-masen-ka

enlighten.[ ke-i-hatsu-suru, oshi-eru ] ex. Can you enlighten me on this subject? = kono monda-i-ni

tsu-ite oshi-ete-kure-masen-ka

enormous.[ kyoda-i-na, bakuda-i-na ] enough.[ jubu-n-na, jubu-n ] ex. We have enough time for taking lunch. = chOshoku-o torn

jikan-wa jubu-n-aru I have had enough, thank you. = arigatD, jubu-n ita-daki-mashi-ta

enter.[ ha-iru, nyugaku-suru ] ex. He entered the room. = kare-wa heya-ni ha-i-tta ぽ

enter a junior high school = chu-ga-kkD-ni nyugaku-

suru

enterprise.[ kigyO, jigyo, boken-shin ] ex. The enterprise ended in failure. = sono jigyO-wa shi-

ppa-i-ni owa-tta We need a spirit of enterprise. = bdkenshin-wa nakute-wa-nara-na~i

entertain.[ mote-nasu, kanta-i-suru, tanoshima-seru ] entertainment.[ mote-nashi, en-ge-i, goraku ] 74

enthusiasm-error

enthusiasm.[ ne-kkyo, ne-tchu ] enthusiastic.[ ne-kkyo-teki-na, mu-chu ] ex. She became enthusiastic over the singer. = ka-nojo-wa

sono kashu-ni mu-cho-ni na-tta

entrance.[ iri-guchi, nyujo, nyugaku, nyuka-i ] ex. Wait for me at the entrance to the park. = kd-en-no iri-

guchi-de watashi-o ma-tte-ite-kudasa-i examination = nyugaku shiken

i-kin

咏

防

an entrance

entrance fee = nyuka-

ex. No Entrance. = nyOjo o-kotowari

entreat.[ tano-mu, kon-gan-suru ] envelope.[ futo] envious.[ urayama-shi-i ] ex. I am envious of his success. = watashi-wa kare-no se-

iko-ga urayama-shi-i

environment.[ kankyo, shu-i ] envy.[ urayamu, neta-mu ] ex. I envy you. = a-nata-ga urayama-shi-i

epic.[ joji-shi ] epidemic.[ ryuko-byo, den-sen-byo] epoch.[ shin-jida-i ] equal.[ hito-shi-i, ikoru ] equator.[ sekido ] equinox.[ shun-bu-n, shu-bu-n ] 球

the autumnal equinox = shu-bu-n

晚

the vernal (spring)

equinox = shun-bu-n

equip.[ sona-eru ] ex. The factory was equipped with new machinery. = kojo-wa

a-tara-shi-i kika-i-o sona-eta

equipment.[ setsu-bi, sobi ] erase.[ kesu ] eraser.[ kokuban-keshi, keshi-gomu ] erect.[ tate-ru, choku-ritsu-suru ] error.[ machi-ga-i, era ] 75

erupt-evening

erupt.[ fu-nka-suru, baku-hatsu-suru ] escape.[ nige-ru ] ex. The canary escaped from the cage. = kanari-a-wa kago-

kara nige-ta

escort.[ go-e-i-suru, tsuki-so-u ] especially.[ toku-ni, toriwake ] essay.[ zu-i-hitsu, e-sse-i ] essayist.[ zu-i-hitsu-ka ] essential.[ nakute-wa nara-na-i, kaku-koto-no deki-na-i ] ex. Health is essential to success in life. = kenkO-wa jinse-i-

no se-iko-ni kaku-koto-no deki-na-i mono-da

Water is

essential to life. = mizu-wa i-nochi-ni nakute-wa nara-na-

i mono-da

establish.[ soritsu-suru ] estate.[ mibu-n, chi-i, za-isan ] 防

real estate = fudo-san

estimate.[ mitsu-moru, mitsu-mori, mitsumori-sho] estimation.[ han-dan, hyoka ] etc..[ nado, sono-ta ] eternal.[ e-ikyu-teki-na, e-i-en-no] ethics.[ rinri, rinri-gaku ] Europe.[ yoro-ppa ] evacuate.[ ake-wata-su, tachi-noka-seru ] evaluation.[ hyoka ] evaporation.[ johatsu ] even1.[〜de-sa-e ] ex. Even a child can answer the question. = kodomo-de-sa-e

sono shitsu-mon-ni kota-e-rareru

even2.[ ta-ira-na ] evening.[ yugata, higure ] 跋

76

this evening = kon-ban

ex. Good evening! = kon-ban-

evening-exactly wa

evening primrose.[ tsukimi-so] evening star.[ yo-i-no myojo ] event.[ deki-goto, jiken ] eventually.[ ke-kkyoku, tsu-i-ni ] everlasting.[ e-ikyu-no, e-i-en-no] ex. We wish for everlasting peace. = watashi-tachi-wa e-

ikyO-no he-iwa-o nozo-mu

every.[ dore-mo, min-na ] every day = ma-i-nichi

跋

球

every four years = yo-nen

goto-ni

everybody.[dare-mo-mina, min-na] ex. Everybody laughed at me. = min-na-ga watashi-o wara-

tta

everything.[ nan-demo, min-na, su-bete ]

su-bete-no

mono,

ex. Health is everything. = kenkd-ga su-bete-da

everywhere • .•…[doko-demo] ex. You can find that book everywhere. = sono hon-wa doko-

demo mitsu-kari-masu-yo

evidence.[ shoko] 跋

give evidence = shogen-suru

evidently.[ akiraka-ni, me-ihaku-ni ] evil.[ waru-i, fu-kitsu-na, za-i-aku ] 防

good and evil = zen-aku

ex. War brings many evils.=

sensD-wa o-oku-no za-i-aku-o mota-rasu

evil-looking.[ ninso-no waru-i ] evolution.[ shinka ] 跋

the theory of evolution = shinka-ron

exact.[ se-i-kaku-na ] (sr the exact size of the room = heya-no se-i-kaku-na o-

okisa

exactly.[ se-i-kaku-ni, masa-m J 77

exaggerate-exciting Exactly so. = masa-ni sono tori

exaggerate.[ kocho-suru, o-o-gesa-ni yu ] examination.[ shiken, kensa] et an entrance examination = nyugaku shiken

跋

physical

examination = shinta-i kensa

examine.[ shiken-suru, kensa-suru ] example.[ re-i, jitsu-re-i, mihon ] for example = tato-eba (= for instance)

exceed.[ ko-eru, choka-suru ] ex. He exceeded the speed limit. = kare-wa se-igen-

sokudo-o ko-eta

excel.[ masa-ru, sugu-rete-iru ] ex. He excelled faster than the other students in the class.=

kare-wa kurasu-de ichi-ban yushu-desu

excellence.[ yushu ] excellent.[ yushu-na, su-bara-shi-i ] ex. Your composition is exellent. = kimi-no saku-bu-n-wa

yosho-de-aru

except.[ iga-i, nozo-ite ] ex. I like all animals except cats. = neko iga-i-no dobu-

tsu-wa min-na suki-desu

exception.[ re-iga-i ] ex. Every rule has its exceptions. = su-bete-no ki-soku-niwa

re-iga-i-ga aru

球

without exception = re-iga-i-naku

exchange.[ kokan-suru, torika-eru ] ex. Betty exchanged seats with Anne. = BetT-wa An-to seki-

o kOkan-shita He exchanged cigarettes for the deerskin.= kare-wa tabako-o shika-no kawa-to kOkan-shita

excite.[ kofu-n-sa-seru, shigeki-suru ] ex. We were excited at the news. = wareware-wa sono shi-

rase-ni kofu-n-shita

exciting.[ harahara-suru, kofu-n-suru ] ex. What an exciting game it was! = nanto harahara-suru

78

exclaim-expansion shi-a-i-da-ttaro

exclaim.[ sa-kebu ] ex. “Now, we are free,” they exclaimed. = karera-wa rsa,

jiyu-ni na-tta-zoj-to sa-kenda

exclude.[ joga-i-suru ] excursion.[ en-soku ]

include = fuku-mu)

school excursion = shugaku ryoko

跋

防

go on an excursion

=en-soku-ni yuku

excuse.[ yurusu, i-i-wake-suru ] shi-masu, sumimasen Excuse me, but what time is it? = sumi-masen-aa nan-ji-desu-ka ex.

Excuse

me.

=

shitsu-re-i

execute.[ ji-kko-suru ] ex. He executed the plan at once. = kare-wa ke-ikaku-o

sugu j'hkko-shita

executive.[ ji-kko-jo-no, gyose-i-kan ] ex. The Premier is the highest executive in the country.=

shushd-wa kuni-no sa-iko gyose-'hkan-desu

防

an ex¬

ecutive committee = ji-kko i-in-ka-i

exercise.[ renshu, u-ndo, kun-ren ] ex. The doctor advised her to get more exercise. = i-sha-wa

ka-nojo-ni mo-tto u-ndd-suru-yoni chukoku-shita

exhaust.[ tsuka-i-hata-su, tsuka-reru ] exhibit.[ tenji-suru ] exhibition.[ tenji, tenji-ka-i ] 防

an exhibition match = mohan-ji-a-i

existence.[ sonza-i, se-i-zon ] exit.[ deguchi ] 防

an emergency exit = hijo-guchi

expand.[ hiro-geru, kakucho-suru ] ex. He expanded his business step by step. = kare-wa jigyo-o

i-ppo-i-ppo kakucho-shita

expansion.[ kakucho, ha-tten, tenka-i ] 79

expect-expression

expect.[ kita-i-suru, ate-ni-suru ] ex. I expect nothing from you. = kimi-niwa nani-mo kita-i-

shi-masen da

I expect to succeed. = se-ikd-suru tsumori-

expectation.[ kita-i, yoki, yoso] expedition.[ ense-i, tan-ken-ta-i ] expend.[tsuka-u, shohi-suru ] expenditure.[ shohi, shi-shutsu, shu-ppi ] expensive.[ koka-na, ze-i-taku-na, taka-i ] ex. The dictionary is too expensive for me to buy. = sono jiten-

wa taka-sugi-te watashi-wa ka-e-na-i

experience.[ ke-iken, ta-iken ] ex. We all learn by experience. = wareware-wa su-bete ke-

iken-kara mana-bu

experiment.[ ji-kken ] expert.[ sen-mon-ka, juku-ren-ka, ta-ika ] ex. You had better get the advice of experts. = kimi-wa sen-

mon-ka-no iken-o ki-ita ho-ga yo-i

explain.[ setsu-me-i-suru, benka-i-suru ] i®- explain the meaning = imi-o setsu-me-i-suru

explanation.[ setsu-me-i ] explore.[ tan-ken-suru ] explorer.[ tan-ken-ka ] explosion.[ baku-hatsu ] explosive.[ baku-hatsu-se-i-no, kayaku ] express.[ hyogen-suru ] 跋

express my thoughts in English =- e-igo-de jibu-n-no

kanga-e-o hyOgen-suru ssha-de, kyuko-de

by express train = kyuko re-

expression.[ hyogen, kotoba-zuka-i, hyojo ] ex. The view was so beautiful it was beyond expressions.=

sono nagame-wa to-temo u-tsuku-shiku-te hyogendeki-na-i

80

exquisite-eyesight

exquisite.[ se-iko-na, chi-mitsu-na ] extend.[ noba-su ] watashi-wa Tokyo-deno ta-iza-i-o noba-su tsumori-desu

ex. I will extend my stay in Tokyo. =

extension.[ kakucho, encho] exterior.[ ga-ibu, ga-imen ]

interior

= na-ibu,

na-imen)

extinguish.[ kesu ] extinguisher.[ shoka-ki ] extra.[ yobu-n-no, rinji-no] extract.[ hiki-nuku, nuki-toru ] extraordinary.[ ijo-na ] extreme.[ kageki-na, kyoku-tan-na ] extremely.[ hijo-ni, kyoku-tan-ni ] eye.[ me ] ka-nojo-no me-wa namida-de nurete-ita ^ have an eye for 〜=〜o miru-mega aru She has a good eye for beauty. = ka-nojo-wa yo-i shinbi-gan-ga aru ex. Her eyes were wet with tears. =

eyebrow.[ mayuge ] eyelash.[ matsu-ge ] eyesight.[ shi-ryoku ]

81

fable.[ guwa ] 球

Aesop’s Fable =

Iso-ppu mono-ga-tari

fabric.[ ori-mono, so-shiki, kozo] kinu ori-mono shaka-i-so-shiki ぽ

silk fabric =

the fabric of society =

球

face.[ ka-o, men-suru ] mado-wa Wri-ni mensashi-muka-i-de, muka-i-a-

ex. The window faces the street. =

shite-iru tte

防

face to face =

facility.[ shi-setsu, se-tsubi ] ex. The school had many facilities. =

sono ga-kko-wa se-

tsu-bi-ga juj tsu-shite-iru 卜

fact.[ jijitsu, shin-jitsu ] 跋

in fact =

jitsu-wa

factor.[ yo-in, yOso] factory.[ kojo] faculty.[ noryoku, sa-ino] 跋

the faculty of speech =

gengo noryoku

fade.[ otoro-eru, shi-oreru ] ex. Flowers soon fade when cut. =

hana-wa oreru-to sugu

sm-oreru

fail.[ shi-ppa-i-suru ] 防

fail to〜=〜deki-na-i

ex. \ lailed to notice him.=

watashi-wa kare-ni ki-ga tsuka-naka-tta =ki-tto, kana-razu, ma-chiga-i-naku

膝

without fail

failure.[ shi-ppa-i, ta-iman, tosan ] 跋

shoku-mu ta-iman ginko-no tosan

a failure in duty =

bank =

faint ••••••[ yowa-i, shi-sshin-suru ] 82

the failure of a

fair-famine ex. Several girls fainted because of the heat. = sO-nin-no shojo-ga atsu-sa-de shi-sshin-shita fair1.[u-tsuku-shi-i, kohe-i-na] fair2.[ haku-ran-ka-i, hin-pyo-ka-i, ichi ]

fairy.[ yose-i ] fairyland.[ otogi-no kuni ] fairy tale.[ otogi-bana-shi ] faith.[ shinra-i, shin-nen ] faithful.[ chQ-jitsu-na, se-i-jitsu-na ] fake.[〜〇 de-tchi-age-ru ] fall1.[ ochi-ru ] yuki-ga fu-tte-iru. fall ill (sick)= byOki-ni naru fall in love = ko-i-o suru He fell in love with her. = kare-wa ka-nojo-ni ko-i-o shita Niagara Falls = Na-i-agara-no taki fall2.[ aki ] (= autumn) ex. Snow is falling. =

ぽ

歧

球

fallacy.[ aya-mari, sakugo] fallow.[ kyuko-chi, mika-ikon-no] false.[ uso-no, nise-no, i-tsuwari-no] false news =

goho

防

false teeth =

ire-ba

falter.[ tsuma-zuku, domoru ] fame.[ me-ise-i, hyoban ] 跋

come to fame =

ydme-i-ni naru

familiar.[ shita-shi-i, yoku shi-tte-iru ] watashiwa sono shoku-butsu-no nama-e-o yoku shi-tte-iru

ex. I am very familiar with the names of the plants. =

family.[ kazoku, kate-i, i-e-gara ] ex. Come with me, and meet my family.=卜ssho-ni

watash卜no kazoku-ni a-tte-kudasa-i myoji, se-i (= surname)

球

kite

family name =

famine.[ kikin ] ex. That part of the country was devastated with famine. =

sono

chiho-wa kikin-de kdha-i-shite-ita

83

famous-fast

famous.[ yume-i-na ] ex. Switzerland is famous for its mountains. =

su-isu-wa sono

yama-de ydme-i-de-aru

fancy.[ ku-u-so] fantastic.[ kuso-teki-na, fu-gawari-na ] tsr a fantastic costume =

fu-gawari-na fukuso

far.[ to-oku-ni, to-oku-e ] koko-kara ko-enmade dono-kura-i-desu-ka ex. Far from it! = ton-demona-i! She is far from happy. = ka-nojo-wa kofukudokoro-dewa-na-i Far from being idle, I am very busy.= hima-dokoroka ta-ihen •卜soga-sm-i

ex. How far is it from here to the park? =

fare.[ ryokin, u-n-chin ] 跋

a train fare =

don and back?

den-sha ryokin ex. What is the fare to Lon¬ = ron-don-mac/e-no ofuku u-n-chin-wa

ikura-desu-ka

farewell.[ go-kigen-yo, sayo-nara ] 防

a farewell party =

sdbetsu-ka~i

farm.[ nojo, no-en ] 防

yoke-i-jo, (= an egg farm) ex. He runs a kare-wa o-oki-na yoke-i-jo-o ke-i-e-i-

a chicken farm =

large egg farm. =

shite-iru

farmer.[ nofu, nojo ke-i-e-i-sha ] 防

a tenant farmer =

ko-saku-nd

farmland.[ nochi, kochi ] fashion.[ ryuko, hayari ] a-no fuku-ga ima now out of fashion. = kono

ex. That style of dress is now in fashion; =

haya-tte-iru This style of dress fuku-wa mo jida-i-okure-da

is

fast1.[haya-i, susu-nde-iru, gu-ssuri ] ex. My watch is five minutes fast. =

go-fu-n susu-nde-iru gu-ssuri nemu-tte-iru

84

watashi-no toke-i-wa ka-nojo-wa

She was fast asleep. =

fast-fee

fast2.[ dan-jiki ] fasten.[ musu-bu, shime-ru, tome-ru ] fat.[ futO-tta ] thin = yase-ta) fatal.[ chime-i-teki-na ] a fatal wound =

跋

chime-i-sho

fate.[ u-n-me-i, shuku-me-i ] father.[ chichi, chichi-oya, o-to-san ] ex. 0 Father in heaven. =

o-o ten-ni mashi-masu warera-

no chichi-yo

fatigue.[ tsukare, hiro ] faucet.[ jaguchi ] fault.[ ke-tten, tan-sho] dare-demo min-na chosho-to tan-syo-ga aru Don’t find fault with your friends. =tomo-dachi-no ara-sagashi-wa yame-nasa-i

ex. Everybody has merits and faults. =

favorite.[ o-kini-iri-no, da-i-suki-na, ju-hachiban-no, toku-i-na ] 跋

a favorite sport =

toku-i-na su-potsu

fawning.[ jare-tsuku, ama-eru J fear.[ oso-re, fu-an, shinpa-i, kyofu ] kibo-to fu-an-de i-ppa-ishinpa-i muyO

ex. I am full of hopes and fears. =

de-aru

Never fear! =

fearful.[ o-soro-shi-i ] 拔

o-soro-shi-i he-iki (buki hido-i zu-tsu

a fearful weapon =

ful headache =

)ぽ

a fear¬

feast.[ sa-i-jitsu, shuku-jitsu ] feather.[ hane, umo] feature.[ yobo, ka-o-dachi ] w feature story =

yobi-mono-no kiji

February.[ ni-gatsu ] fee.[ ryokin, share-i, tesu-ryo] an admission fee =

nyujo-ryo

陳

school fees =

jugyo-

ryo

85

feeble-fetch

feeble.[ yowayowa-shi-i, kasu-ka-na ] feed.[ yashi-na-u, soda-teru ] feeding bottle.[ ho-nyu-bin ] feedstuff.[ shiryo, esa ] feel.[ fureru, kan-jiru, omo-u ] ji-shin-o kan-ji-mashi-taka At times I feel that I want to leave this work. = kono shigoto-o yame-ta-i-to omo-u toki-ga ari-masu Do you feel like going for a drive? = dora-ibu-suru ki-wa ar卜masen-ka

ex. Did you feel the earthquake? =

feeling.[ kan-kaku, kanjo ] fellow.[ yatsu, otoko, hito,] nakama ex. wa to-temo yo-i hito-da

防

fellows =

He is a very good fellow. =

kare-

fellow feeling.[ kyokan, dojo, omo-iyari ] fellowship.[ yujo, doshi ] felony.[ juza-i ] female.[ jose-i-no, on-na-no, mesu ] ex. Is this bird female or male? =

kono tori-wa mesu-desu-

ka osu-desu-ka

feminist.[ jose-i ka-iho ronja ] fence.[ he-i, kaki, saku ] ^

a stone fence =

i-shi-gaki

ferry.[ watashi-ba ] ferryboat.[ ferT-boto] fertile.[ ko-eta, hofu-na ] fertilizer.[ hiryo, kagaku hiryo] festal.[ o-ma-tsuri-no] , 咏

a festal day =

ma-tsuri-no hi

a festal mood =

o-ma-

tsuri kibu-n

festival.[ ma-tsuri, sa-i-ijtsu ] 味

a music festival =

on-qaku-sa-i

fetch.[ to-tte-kuru, mo-tte-kuru, tsurete-kuru ] ex. Fetch me my glasses. =

86

mega-ne-o mo-tte-kite-kure

fetching-fight

fetching.[ miryoku-no aru feudal.[ hoken-teki-na ] rす feudal system =

] (= attractive)

hOken se-ido

fever.[ netsu, kofu-n-jota-i ] ka-nojowa netsu-ga takai He was in a fever of excitement. = kare-wa totemo kofun-shite-ita ^ a fever hospital = den-sen byO-in ex. She ha* a high fever. =

feverish.[ netsu-noaru, ne-kkyO-teki-na ] ^ a feverish hand =

netsu-no-aru te

^

a feverish market

condrtion = ne-kkyO-teki-na shijO

few.[ shOsQ-no,] ^ no4 a few = suku-naku-na-i

ftr

in a few days = ni-san-

nichi su-reba

fiber

•• [ sen-i, se-ikaku, so-shitsu ] kagaku sen-/ ,(rtr a man soya-na (jOhin-na) se-ikaku-no hito

rmcal fiber = fiber:

of coarse (fine)

fiction •…[sh&-setsu, tsukuri-goto, tsukuri-banashi ] ex. Fact

h

strarvger than fiction. =

jijitsu-wa shO-setsu-

yorimo ki-nari

field.[ nohara, hata-ke, no】 け

ra-i-mugi bata-ke fk>wers of the field = ^ fteid day = u-ndChka-i « field work = y/-

a rye fieid =

no~no hana chi ch&sa

fierce.[ kyObO-na, dOmO-na, sugoi ] ex. He had a fierce kx>k on his face. =

o shite-ita

fifteen

球

a fierce dog =

kare-wa sugo-i ka-o

mOken

.…[jQ-go】 .[jQ-go-ban-me, da-i-jQ-gono] •…[go-jQ-ban-me, da-i-go-jQ-no ] [go-jo]

狄

frfty-frfty =

gobu-gobu~no

fight.[ tataka-u, kakut&-suru ] 87

fighting-finishing 防

fight against temptation =

yuwaku-to tataka-u

fighting power.[ sento-ryoku J figure.[ su-gata, kata-chi, shozo] kare-wa shise-i-ga ri-ppada-iri-seki zo

ex. He has a good figure. =

da

跋

a figure in marble =

file.[ te-i-shutsu-suru, todo-keru ] 琢

gan-sho-o te-i-shutsu-suru firi-pin-jin ] Filipina =firi-pin-jose-i

file an application =

Filipino.[ fill.[ i-ppa-i-ni suru, mita-su ] 一

ex. My heart is filled with pleasure. =

watashi-no kokoro-wa

yorokobi-de i_ppa-i-da

fin.[ hire ] final.[ sa-igo-no] finally.[ sa-igo-ni, tsu-i-ni, ke-kkyoku ] finance.[ za-ise-i, za-igen ] 防

the Ministry of Finance =

o-okura-sho

find.[ mitsu-keru, mi-idasu, wakaru ] fine.[ kire-i-na, ri-ppa-na, hareta ] kyo-wa yo-i tenki-desu-ne mi-goto-na ki-mono, ri-ppa-na ki-mono fine thread = hoso-i ito

ex. It is fine today. =

防

fine

clothes = 跋

finger.[ yubi ] ^ the index ko-yubi

hito-sashi-yubi ^ the little the middle finger = naka-yubi (third) finger = kusuri-yubi thumb = oya-yubi finger =

琢

跋

finger = the ring

咏

finger post.[ michi-shirube ] finger tip.[yubi-saki ] finish.[ o-eru, shi-a-geru, kanse-i-suru ] finishing school.[ hana-yome ga-kko ]

( = a

school for brides-to-be)

finishing touch.[ shi-a-ge-no fude ] 防

put the finishing touches on a picture =

fude-o kuwa-eru

88

e-ni shi-a-ge-no

fir-fit

fir.[ momi-no ki ] 跋

fir-tree =

momi-no ki

fire.[ hi, kaji, kasa-i, ha-ppo-suru, ha-sshasuru ] ryori-no tame-no hi-o okoshi-te kudasa-i ex. Fire! Fire! = kaji-da kaji-da fire a salute = re-iho-o ha-ssha-suru

ex. Please make a fire for cooking. =

ぽ

fire alarm.[ kasa-i-hochi-ki ] fire extinguisher.[ shoka-ki ] fire house.[ shobo-sho ] fireside.[ rohen ] 跋

a fireside chat =

rohen danwa

firm1.[kata-i, shi-kkari-shita ] et a firm will =

kata-i i-shi

firm2.[ shoka-i, ka-i-sha ] first.[ sa-i-sho-no, da-i-ichi-no, hajime-no ] hajime-te from first to last = hajime-kara owari-made ex. I first met him ten years ago.= watashi-wa jo-nen ma-e kare-ni hajime-te a-tta ぽ

for the first time =

跋

first-class.[ ichi-ryu-no, kokyu-na ] 跋

a first-class hotel =

ichi-ryO ho-teru

fish.[ saka-na, saka-na-tsuri-o suru ] watashi-wa saka-na-ni kansuru hon-ga hoshi-i He goes fishing on Sundays. = karewa nichi-yobi-niwa tsuri-ni yuku. This river is full of fish. =kono kawa-niwa saka-na-ga taku-san i-masu

ex. I want a book on fish. =

fist.[ gen-kotsu, nigiri-kobu-shi, kobu-shi ] fit1.[teki-shite-iru, fu-sawa-shi-i, ni-a-u, tadashi-i] ex. This is not fit for food. =

na-i

kore-wa tabe-ru-no-ni teki-sakimi-ga soyO-no-

It is not fit that you should say so. =

wa tada-shiku-na-i

fit2.[ ho-ssa ] 89

fitted-flattery 跋

a hysteric fit =

hisu-terT-no ho-ssa

fitted.[ teki-shita, fu-sawa-shi-i, mu-ite-iru ] ex. He is not fitted for this work. =

kare-wa kono shi-goto-ni

mu-ite-na-i (teki-sa-na-i)

five.[ go, itsu-tsu ] fix.[ tori-tsuke-ru, su-e-tsuke-ru, kime-ru ] ex. Have you fixed the mirror to the wall? =

ka-gami-o kabe-

ni tor卜tsuku-mash卜ta-ka We fixed the day for the meeting. =watashi-tachi-wa ka-igo-no hi-dor•卜。kime-ta

fixed.[ kote-i-shita, i-tte-i-no, fudo-no] 跋

a fixed income =

kyO-bi

卜

琢

kote-i shunyu ^ a fixed holiday kote-i-shisan

=

te-

fixed property =

flag.[ hata ] ^ national flag =

ko-kki

flake.[ hahen ] ex. The snow flakes are falling. =

yuki-ga hirahira-to fu-tte-

iru

flame.[ hono-o] flap.[ hata-meku, pata-pata-suru ] ex. The curtains are flapping in the wind. =

kBten-ga kaze-ni

pata-pata-shite-iru

flash.[ senko, hikari, hira-meku ] ex. A good idea flashed through my mind. =

yo-i kanga-e-ga

a-tama-ni ukan-da (hirame-ita)

flat.[ ta-ira-na, hirata-i, ki-ppar•卜to ] ex. She gave him a flat refusal. =

ppari-to kyohi-shi-mashi-ta mOshi-masu

I

ka-nojo-wa kare-o kitell you flat. = ha-kkiri

flatter.[ o-seji-o yu, u-nubo-reru ] son-nani odate-na-ide kudasai like that. = so-n-na u-nubo-rete-wa

ex. Oh, you flatter me. = Don’t flatter yourself

ike-na-i

flattery.[ o-seji ] 90

flavor-flour ex. Don’t be deceived by her flatteries. =

ka-nojo-no o-seji-ni

dama-sare-tewa ike-masen-yo

flavor, flavour.[ fumi, ajiwa-i ] flee.[ nige-ru, noga-reru ] fleet.[ kanta-i ] flesh.[ nikuta-i, niku ] flesh and blood =

膝

nikuta-i (chi-to niku)

flexible.[ ju-nan-na, shina-yaka-na ] flight.[ hiko] 碳

a long flight =

cho-kyori hiko

float.[ u-kabu, uku, tada-yo-u ] ex. Clouds float across the sky. =

kumo-ga sora-o tada-yo-u

flock.[ mure, gu-n-shu ] 防

a flock of sheep =

hi-tsuji-no mure

^

in flock =

mure-

o nashi-te

flood.[ kozu-i, han-ran ] ex. A flood of memories rushed to my mind. =

omo-ide-ga kokoro-ni wa-ita afu-reru tsuki-no hikari

跋

tsugi-tsugi-to

a flood of moonlight =

floodgate.[ su-i-mon ] floor.[ yuka ] 防

the first floor =

(san)-ka-i

防

i-kka-i

floor price =

防

the second (third) floor =

ni

sa-ite-i ka-kaku

floral.[ hana-no ] ^ floral

decoration =

hana kazari

floral emblem.[ da-i-hyo-ka (ko-kka) ] ( =

state

flower) ex. The floral emblem of England is the rose. =

e-i-koku-no

da-i-hyO-ka (ko-kka)-wa bara-de-aru

floriculture.[ en-ge-i ] florist.[ hana-ya ] 防

a florist’s =

hana-ya-no mise

flour.[ ko-mugi-ko] 91

flow-fond

flow.[ naga-reru ] ex. Rivers flow into the sea. =

kawa-wa umi-ni naga-re-

komu

flower.[ hana] flowerpot.[ u-eki-bachi ] flowing.[ naga-reru-yona, naga-reru ] 跋

flowing water =

naga-reru mizu

fluent.[ ryucho-na ] ex. She speaks fluent Japanese. =

ka-nojo-wa ryucho-na

nihon-go-o hana-su

flush.[ ka-o-o akaku-suru ] ex. He flushed when they laughed at him. =

min-na-ga wara-

tta-node kare-wa ka-o-o akaku-sita

fly1.[tobu ] ex. Time flies like an arrow. (Proverb) =

ko-in ya-no goto-shi

(kotowaza)

fly2.[ ha-e ] foam.[ awa] focus.[ shoten, shuchu-suru ] ex. The eyes of the world are focussed on him. =

seka-i-no

me-wa kare-ni shucho-shite-iru

fog.[ kiri ] folk.[ hito-bito] 防

i-naka-no hito-bito ex. How are you and kazoku-no mina-sama-wa o-kawari ari-

country folk =

your folks? =

masen-ka

follow.[ tsu-ite-yuku, rika-i-suru, wakaru ] dozo o-saki-ni, watashi-wa tsu-ite-yuki-masu I could not follow him.= kare-no yu koto-ga wakara-naka-tta ^ as follows = tsugi-no tori

ex. You go first and I will follow you. =

fond.[ suki ] ex. She is fond of music. =

92

ka-nojo-wa on-gaku-ga suki-

fondness-foreign desu

fondness.[ kono-mi, shiko ] (= food.[ tabe-mono, shoku-ryo ] ^ an infant’s food =

liking)

yoji-shoku

foodstuff.[ shoku-ryo-hin ] fool.[ baka, baka-mono ] foolhardy.[ muko-mizu-na, mute-ppo-na ] foolish.[ baka-na, oroka-na ] foot.[ a-shi ] aru-ite ex. It takes an hour to go to the station eki-made aru-ite ichi-jikan kakari-masu

^ on foot = foot. =

on

footing.[ a-shi-ba, a-shi-gakari ] footnote.[ kyaku-chu ] forbid.[ kin-ziru ] ex. The doctor forbade me to smoke. =

tabako-o kin-jita kinji-rarete-i-masu

i-sha-wa watashi-ni tabako-o

I am forbidden to smoke. =

forbidden fruit.[ kin-dan-no kono-mi ] force.[ chikara, he-i-ryoku, he-ita-i, muri-ni sa-seru ] ex. I was forced to agree. =

〜

watashi-wa muri-ni do-i sase-

rare-ta

forecast.[ yoho-suru, yoho] honjitsu(= kyo)-no tenki yoho, tokoro-ni yori kumo-ri nochi hare It rained as was forecast. = tenki yoho dori ame-ga fu-tta ex. Weather forecast today ; Partly cloudy, later fine. =

forehead.[ hita-i, o-deko] ex. He has a broad forehead. =

kare-wa hita-i-ga hiro-i

foreign.[ ga-i-koku-no](料

domestic = koku-na-ino) ^ a foreign language = ga-i-koku-go foreign goods = ga-i-koku-hin foreign trade = ga-i-koku bd-eki 防

防

93

foreign-formula

foreign aid.[ ta-iga-i enjo] foreigner.[ ga-i-koku-jin ] foremost.[ ichi-ban-no, ichi-ryQ-no] foresee.[ yochi-suru ] forest.[ mori, shin-rin ] ex. There was a forest near the village. =

mura-no chi-kaku-

ni mori-ga a_tta

forever.[ e-ikyu-ni, itsu-mo, ta-ezu, e-i-en-ni ] ex. I love you forever. =

a-nata-o e-i-en-ni a-i-shi-masu

forget.[ wasu-reru ] watashi-wa kare-ga kyo kuru-no-o wasu-rete-ita I forgot my new telephone number. = a-tara-shi-i denwa bango-o wasu-reta

ex. I forgot that he was coming today. =

forgetful.[ wasu-re-yasu-i ] wasu-re-ppo-i rdjin o-zanari-na se-ifu

a forgetful old person = ful government =

^

a forget¬

forgive.[ yurusu ] watashino kon-na fuchu-i-na aya-mari-o yuru-shite kuremasu-ka

ex. Can you forgive me for such a careless mistake? =

form.[ kata-chi ] shi-kaku，en, sono-tano kata-chi ex. Her swimming form is very beautiful. = kanojo-no oyogi-no kata-wa ta-ihen u-tsuku-shi-i squares, circles and other forms =

formal.[ se-i-shiki-no, ko-shiki-no] 防

formal dress =

se-iso

former.[ kako-no, mukashi-wa, zen-sha ] ex. In former times there was a wooden house there.=

mukashi-wa soko-ni moku-zd-no uchi-ga a-tta Of the fu-tari-no uchi-de

two men, I prefer the former to the latter. =

watasm-wa kosha-yori zen-sha-no hd-ga suki-da

formerly.[ izen-wa, moto-wa ] formula ■…[ko-shiki, shiki ] 94

forsake-four forsake.[ misu-teru, su-teru, yame-ru ] ex. I plan to forsake my studies for a good job. = /-/ shi-goto-

ga areba kenkyO-o yame-ru yote-i-da

forth.[ ma-e-e, saki-e ] fortnight.[ ni-shu-kan ] ぼ

a fortnight’s holiday = ni-shu-kan-no kyOka (yasumi)

fortunate.[ ko-u-n-na, shi-a-wase-na ] ex. I was fortunate enough to have a good companion.=

watashi-wa u-n-yoku yo-i naka-ma-ga deki-ta

fortune.[ u-n, u-n-se-i, u-n-me-T] ex. I had the fortune to succeed. = u-n-yoku se-ikd-

shita Fortune favors the brave. (Proveb) = kd-u-n-wa yOsha-ni mi-kata-suru (kotowaza)

forty.[ yon-ju ] forty winks.[ u-tata-ne ] forward.[ zenpo-e ] ex. Take a step forward. = i-ppo ma-e-e de-nasa-i looking forward to seeing you again. =

I am

mata o-me-ni

kakaru-no-o tano-shimi-ni shite-i-masu

foster.[ soda-teru, yo-iku-suru ] ex. She fostered the child with her great care. = ka-nojo-wa

kodomo-o da-iji-ni soda-teta 防 a foster child = yoshi, sato-go 跋 a foster father (mother) = yofu (yobo)

foul.[ kita-na-i, fuke-tsu-na, gehin-na ] cer foul air = yog ore-ta koki

防

foul talk = wa-i-dan (Y-

dan)跋 foul weather = aku-tenko

fountain.[ fu-n-su-i, izumi ] ex. There is a fountain in the park. = sono kd-en-niwa fu-n-

su-i-ga aru

four.[ shi, yon, yo-ttsu-no ] four freedoms.[ yo-ttsu-no jiyu ] cbt freedom of speech and worship, freedom from want and fear =gen-ron-to shinko-no jiyu, ketsu-bo-to kyofu-kara-no

95

fourteen-freedom jiyo

fourteen.[ ju-shi, ju-yon ] fourteenth.[ ju-yon-ban-me ] fourth.[ da-i-yon-no, yon-ban-me ] fowl.[ niwa-tori, tori-niku ] 防

water fowl = mizu-dori

fox.[ ki-tsu-ne ] fragrance.[ ka-ori ] fragrant.[ ni-o-i-no yo-i, ka-ori-no yo-i ] ex. Lilies of the valley are fragrant. = tani-ma-no yuri-wa ka-

ori-ga yo-i

frail.[ moro-i, yowa-i, haka-na-i

】

ex. Grandmother is becoming very frail in her old age. = o-basan-wa toshi-to-tte yowaku na-tta

政

frail happiness =

haka-na-i kofuku

frame.[ hone-gumi, gaku-buchi ] France.[ fu-ransu ] frank.[ so-tchoku-na ] ex. To be frank with you, I don’t like that man. = so-tchoku-ni

yO-to watashi-wa ano hito-ga kira-i-da

frankly.[ so-tchoku-ni ] ex. Frankly speaking, I know nothing about her. = so-tchoku-

ni yu-to watashi-wa ka-nojo-ni tsu-ite nani-mo shirimasen

free.[ jiyu-na, hima-na, muryo-no] ex. Lincoln set the slaves free. = Rin-kan-wa dore-i-o ka-

ihd-shita You’re free to use this room. = kono heya-o jiyGni tsuka-tte-kudasa-i Are you free this evening? = konban o-hima-desu-ka 跋 Admission Free = nyujo muryo 防 free of tax = mu-ze-i 跋 free will = jiyu i-shi

freedom.[jiyu ] ex. We have freedom to do what we want to. = watashi-tachi-

wa shita-i koto-o jiyO-ni dekiru

96

freeze-friendship

freeze.[ ko-oru ] freight.[ yuso, ka-motsu, yuso-suru, tsumidasu ] freighter.[ yuso gyosha, ka-motsu-sen ] freight train.[ ka-motsu re-ssha ] (= goods train) Frenchman.[ fu-ransu-jin ] frequent.[ tabi-tabi-no, yoku-aru, hin-pan-na ] ex. Traffic accidents are very frequent. = kotsO-jiko-wa hijo-

ni hin-pan-da

He makes frequent mistakes when he operates

a computer. = kon-pyata-o sosa-suru-toki kare-wa tabi-

tabi shi-ppa-i-suru

frequenter.[ joren, joshu-sha ] fresh.[ shin-sen-na, sawayaka-na, a-tara-shii, nama-no] ex. Fresh air is good for your health. = shin-sen-na kuki-wa

karada-ni yo-i Is there any fresh news? = nani-ka a-tarashi-i nyusu-ga ari-masu-ka These girls look fresh and fair. =shojo-tachi-wa iki-iki-shite u-tsuku-shi-i 防 a fresh hand = arate

fret.[ ira-ira-suru, ki-o momu ] ex. What are you fretting about? = kimi-wa nani-o ira-ira-

shite-iru-no(-desu)-ka You have nothing to fret about.= kimi-wa nani-mo ira-ira-suru koto-wa ari-masen

Friday.[ kin-yobi ] ex. Mother’s Day falls on Friday. = haha-no-hi-wa kin-yobi-

ni ata-ru

friend.[ yujin, tomo-dachi, mi-kata ] ex. I am friends with him. = watashi-wa kare-to naka-

yosm-da

friendly.[ yuko-teki, naka-yoshi ] ex. He is friendly to me. = kare-wa watashi-ni shin-setsu-

da

friendship.[yujo] 97

fright-function

fright.[ kyofu, odoro-ki ] frighten.[ kowa-gara-seru ] ex. She was frightened by his loud voice. = ka-nojo-wa kare-

no o-oki-na ko-e-ni bi-kkuri-shita fro.跋 to and fro = achira-kochira-ni

frog.[ ka-eru ] frost.[ shimo] frown.[ ka-o-o shika-meru ] fruit.[ kuda-mono] fruit tree.[ kaju ] fry.[ abura-de a-geru, fura-i-ni-suru ] ex. Fried fish was served. = saka-na-no fura-i-ga deta

fuel.[ nenryo] ex. There was no fuel for the stove. = su-tobu-no nenryo-ga

naku-na-tta

fulfill, fulfil.[ hata-su, nashi-togeru ] ex. He fulfilled his duties well. = kare-wa yoku gimu-o

hata-shita

full.[ i-ppa-i-no, jubu-n-na, hofu-na ] ex. The purse is full of money. = sa-ifu-wa o-kane-de i-

ppa-i-da Tonight I hope to see a full moon. = kon-ya-wa man-getsu-ga mira-reru-desho The train was full of pas¬ sengers. =kisha-wa man-in-da-tta 跋 a full mark = man-ten

full-length.[ to-shin-da-i-no, jitsu-butsu-da-ino] full-time.[jokin-no, zen-jikan kin-mu-no] part time = jikan-se-i-no)

fun.[ tano-shimi ] ex. I had great fun at the party. = patT-wa to-temo tano-shi-

ka-tta

function.[ hata-raki, kino, yakume ] 防

98

the function of the heart = shinzO-no hata-raki

fund-fusion

fund.[ takuwa-e, shi-kin, ki-kin ] fundamental.[ kihon-teki-na, kiso-no] ex. There is a fundamental difference between the two techni¬ ques. =futa-tsu-no yari-kata-no a-ida-niwa kon-pon-

teki-na chiga-i-ga aru

funeral.[ so-shiki, koku-betsu-shiki ] 跋

a funeral march = soso koshin-kyoku

fungicide.[ sa-kkin-za-i ] funny.[ oka-shi-i, ko-kke-i-na ] ex. What’s funny about my face? = watashi-no ka-o-ga

nande oka-shi-i-no-desu-ka

fur.[ ke-gawa, ke-gawa-no fuku ] ex. She is wearing an expensive fur. = ka-nojo-wa koka-na

ke-gawa-o kite-iru

furious.[ ikari-kuru-tta, geki-do-suru ] 防

a furious old man = geki-do-shita rojin

ex. He was fu¬

rious to hear that. = kare-wa sore-o ki-ite geki-do-shita

furnish.[ kyokyu-suru, sona-e-tsukeru ] 防

furnish a new home = shin-kyo-ni kagu-o sona-eru

furnished.[ kagu-tsuki-no ] ^ To Rent Furnished (Furnished House to Rent) = kagutsuki-no akiya ari 跋 a furnished room = kagu-tsuki-no heya

furniture.[ kagu ] ex. A table is a piece of furniture. = teburu-wa kagu-no hito-

tsu-desu

further.[ mo-tto to-o-i, mo-tto susu-nda ] 跋

need further help = mo-tto tasuke-o hitsu-yo-to suru

fury.[ hage-shi-i ikari, geki-do] ex. He turned upon me in a fury. = kare-wa oko-tte

watashi-ni muka-tte-kita

fusion.[ yugo] fsr nuclear fusion = kaku-yugo

99

fuss-fyi

fuss.[ sawagi, i-i-a-i, i-i-araso-i ] ex. Stop making a fuss. = o-sawagi-suru-na

fussy.[ urusa-i, kuchi-yakama-shi-i ] ex. He is very fussy about food. = kare-wa tabe-mono-niwa

urusa-i

跋

a fussy old person = ko-urusa-i rojin

fusty.[ kabi-kusa-i, furu-kusa-i ] futile.[ muda-na ] future.[ mira-i, shora-i ] 防

in the near future = chika-i uchi-ni

ex. He has a bright

future. = kare-wa zento yubo-de-aru

FYI = for your information.[ sanko-no tame-ni ]

gain.[ uru, te-ni ireru ] ex. In 10 minutes our basketball team was able to gain 24 points. =watashi-tachi-no basuke-tto boru chTmu-wa j•卜ppun-

kan-de nijO-yon-ten ireru-koto-ga dekita

galaxy.[ se-i-un，gin_ga ] gallant.[ yukan-na, i-sama-shi-i, riri-shi-i ] 防

a gallant conduct = yukan-na ko-i

gallery.[ garo] ex. Many interesting pictures can be seen in the gallery.=

garo-dewa taku-san-no kyomi-aru e-ga mirare-masu

gamble.[ kake-goto-o suru, kakeru ] game.[ a-sobi, kyogi, shi-a-i ] er lose (win) a game = shi-a-i-ni ma-keru (katsu)

ex. No

more games! Let’s get to work. = jodan-wa mo taku-san,

shi-goto-o shiyo

gap.[ wareme, sG-i，chiga-i, heda-tari ] ex. There is a wide gap between the views of the two men. = fu-

tari-no a-ida-niwa o-oki-na iken-no heda-tari-ga aru

garage.[ shako ] garbage.[ zan-pan, nama-gomi ] garbage can.[ gomi yoki ] garden.[ niwa, te-i-en ] gardener.[ u-eki-ya, niwa-shi ] ex. My father is something of a gardener. = watashi-no

chichi-wa cho-tto-shita niwa-shi-desu

gardening.[ zo-en, en-ge-i ] garden party.[ en-yu-ka-i ] gargle.[ uga-i-suru, susu-gu ] et gargle salt water = shi-o-mizu-de uga-i-suru

101

garlic-generosity

garlic.[ nin-niku ] gasp.[ a-egu, iki-o nomu ] gate.[ mon ] 防

the main gate = se-i-mon

gateway.[ de-iri-guchi, gen-kan ] ex. New York is the gateway to America. = nyuyoku-wa A-

merika-no gen-kan-guchi-de-aru

球

a gateway to happi¬

ness =kdfuku-e-no michi

gather.[ atsu-meru, atsu-maru, shugo-suru ] ex. Let’s gather some shells. = ka-i-gara-o atsu-me-masho

gaze.[ ji-tto mitsu-meru, gyoshi-suru ] ex. What are you gazing at? = nani-o mitsu-mete-iru-no-

desu-ka

gem.[ hoseki ] general.[ zenbu-no, i-ppan-no, shogu-n ] ex. The general election will be held this autumn. = so-sen-

kyo-wa kono aki-ni oko-nawa-reru-deshd

generally.[ ta-ite-i, fu-tsu-wa ] ex. Generally speaking, the climate here is mild. = ga-i-shite i-

eba kochira-no kikd-wa onwa-desu

He is generally in his

office at this time. = kare-wa ta-ite-i ima-goro-wa jimu~

sho-m i-masu

generation.[ do-jida-i-no hito-bito, seda-i, hasse-i ] 跃

the younger (rising) generation = se-i-nen-sd

generation to generation = da-•卜da-i electricity = hatsu-den

球

from

^ the generation of ,

generation gap.[ seda-i-no gya-ppu, seda-ino so-i ] generosity.[ kanda-i-sa, kima-e-no yosa ] ex. He showed generosity in dealing with the defeated enemy.=

kare-wa ma-keta teki-gu-n-o kanda-i-ni a-tsukatta Thank you for your kind generosities. = go-kd-i arigato

102

generous-gesture

generous.[ kima-e-no yo-i, kanda-i-na ] ex. It was generous of them to donate so much to the school.=

karera-ga son-nani taku-san ga-kko-e kifu-shita-no-wa kima-e-ga i-i

genius.[ tensa-i ] ex. People called him a genius. = hito-bito-wa kare-o ten-

sa-i-to yon da

gentle.[ yasa-shi-i, odayaka-na, johin-na ] ex. The teacher is very gentle with the students. = sono

sense-i-wa se-ito-tachi-ni to-temo yasa-shiイ

gentleman.[ shin-shi, otoko-no-kata ] ex. Gentlemen! = mina-san, sho-kun!

Ladies and Gentle¬

men! =mina-san!

gently.[ yasa-shiku, johin-ni ] genuine.[ hon-mono-no, jun-su-i-no] 琢

genuine gold = jun-kin

geographer.[ chiri-gaku-sha ] geography.[ chiri, cmse-i ] 防

the geography of Kansas = Kan-zasu-shO-no chise-i

geology.[ chi-shitsu-gaku ] geometry.[ kika-gaku 】 ex. Geometry is said to have originated in ancient Egypt. = kika-

gaku-wa koda-i Eji-puto-de hajima-tta-to iwarete-iru

German.[ do-i-tsu-jin, do-i-tsu-go] Germany.[ do-i-tsu ] ex. How was printing done in those days in Germany? = tdji do-

i-tsu-dewa in-satsu-wa doyu-funi okonawa-reta-nodesu-ka

gerund.[ dome-i-shi ] gesture.[ mi-buri, te-mane ] 防

speak by gesture = mi-buri-de hana-su

ex. He made a

friendly gesture to me. = kare-wa watashi-ni kd-i-teki-na

mi-buri-o shime-shita

103

get-girl

get.[ uru, mora-u, te-ni ireru,〜ni naru,〜saseru ] get a birthday present = tanjo-bi-no pure-zento-o morau ex. If you get wet you might catch cold. = nure-ru-to kaze-o hiku-kamo-shire-na-i-yo Get me my hat.= watashi-no boshi-o mo-tte-kite-kure He wants to get the work done as fast as possible. = kare-wa dekiru-dake hayaku shi-goto-o owarase-ta-i-to omotte-iru How are you getting on? = ikaga o-kurashi-desu-ka Get the doctor to come tomorrow. = i-sha-ni asu kite-mora-i-nasa-i get off = oriru I will let you know where to get off. = dokode oriru-no-ka o-shirase-shi-masho get away = nigeru catch that man. Don’t let him get away. = ano otoko-o tsuka-ma-e-ro ni-gasu-na 跋

琢

getaway.[ tobo, toso] get-together.[ kon-shin-ka-i ] ghost.[ yure-i, bore-i ] ex. Do you believe in ghosts? = ydre-i-no sonza-i-o shinji-

masu-ka

GHQ…•• General Headquarters = [ so-shire-i-bli ] giant.[ kyojin, o-o-otoko, kyoda-i-na ] 防

giant rock = kyoda-i-na iwa

giddy.[ mema-i-ga suru ] 球

feel giddy = mema-i-ga suru

gift.[ okuri-mono, sa-ino] 球

a birthday gift for our teacher = sense-i-e~no tanjo-bi-no

okuri-mono She is a woman of many, gifts. = ka-nojo-wa o-oku-no sa-ind-o motsu fujin-desu

gill.[ era] ginger.[ shoga ] ginkgo, gingko.[ icho, icho-no ki ] giraffe.[ kirin ] girl.[ shojo, on-na-no-ko] 104

girlhood-glitter ex. She is a factory girl and her sister is a shop girl. = ka-nojo-

wa jo-ko-in-de，ka-nojo-no imoto-wa ten-in-desu an office girl = jimu-in ex. Is she your girl? = ka-nojo-wa kimi-no ko-ibito-ka-i? 防

girlhood.[ shojo-jida-i ] girlish.[ shojo-rashi-i ] 歧

girlish ideas = shojo-rashi-i kanga-e

give.[ ata-eru, a-geru, kureru ] ex. I gave Mary a doll. = boku-wa Mary-ni nin-gyo-o a-

geta The sun gives us light and heat. = ta-iyo-wa wareware-ni hikari-to netsu-o ata-eru ^ give up = akirameru，yame-ru

give and take.[ yuzuri-a-i, dakyo ] giveaway.[ ke-i-hin, sabisu-hin ] glad.[ ure-shi-i, tano-shi-i, yorokon-de ] ex. I am very glad to meet you. = o-me-ni kakarete to-temo

ure-shi-i

I shall be glad to help you. = yorokon-de o-

tetsu-da-i-o shi-masho

glamor, glamour.[ maryoku, miryoku ] glance.[ cho-tto miru, hito-me miru ] ex. He glanced at the picture on the wall. = kare-wa kabe-no

e-o hito-me mita (chira-tto mita)

glare.[ gira-gira hikaru, nirami-a-u ] ex. We glared at each other. = taga-i-ni nirami-a-tta

glass.[ ko-ppu, me-gane ] ex. He wears glasses. = kare-wa me-gane-o kake-te-i-

masu

glassware.[ garasu se-i-hin ] glasswork.[ garasu se-i-hin, garasu za-iku ] glazier.[ garasu-ya ] glazing.[ ita-garasu ] glide.[ su-beru, ka-sso-suru ] glitter.[ pika-pika hikaru ] 105

globe-golden

globe.[ kyu, chikyu ] (= the earth) gloomy.[ kura-i, u-tto-shi-i ] 拔

gloomy weather = u-tto-shi-i tenki

glorify.[ e-iko-o tata-eru ] glorious.[ ko-e-i aru, me-iyo aru, tano-shi-i ] (=delightful) glorious achievement = kagayaka-shi-i ko-seki

ex. We

had a glorious time. = watashi-tachi-wa to-temo tano-shi-

ku toki-o su-goshi-ta

glory.[ ko-e-i, me-iyo, e-iko ] glove.[ gurobu ] glove puppet.[ yubi nin-gyo] glow.[ ma-kka-ni mo-eru, haku-netsu-suru ] 跋

the evening glow = yOyake

glue.[ ni-kawa ] gnaw.[ kaji-ru ] ex. The dog was gnawing at bone. = inu-ga hone-o kaji-tte-

ita

GNP… • • Gross National Product = koku-min so-se-i-san go.[yuku ] 跋

go by bus = basu-de yuku

ex. It’s going to rain.=

ame-ga furi-soda He sometimes goes without breakfast.= kare-wa toki-ni cho-shoku nashi-de suma-seru

goat.[yagi ] god.[ kami, kami-sama ] ex. Cupid is the god of love. = kyOpi-ddo-wa a-i-no kami-

desu

^

goddess.[ me-gami ] gold.[ kin 】 gold dust.[ sakin ] golden.[ kin-no] 跋

golden hair = kin-patsu

ex. Speech is silver, silence is

golden. (Proverb) = yuben-wa gin,

106

chin-moku-wa kin

golden-graceful (kotowaza)

Golden Gate Bridge.[ kin-mon-kyo ] goldfish.[ kin-gyo] gold mine.[ kinko, kin-zan ] goldsmith.[ kin-za-iku-nin ] golf.[ gorufu ] 防

play golf = gorufu-o suru

球

golf links = gorufu-jo

good.[ yo-i, ri-ppa-na, jubu-n-na ] 防

a good idea = yo-i kanga-e

防

have a good rest =

jobu-n yasu-mu, jubu-n yasu-mi-o torn

good-by, good-bye.[ sayo-nara, sayo-nara ] good-hearted.[ shin-setsu-na, omo-i-yari-noaru ] Good Hope.[ kibo-ho] good-looking.[ kiryo-no yo-i, u-tsuku-shi-i ] good-natured.[ ki-date-no yo-i, hito-no yo-i J goods.[ shina-mono] ex. He buys and sells leather goods. = kare-wa kawa-se-i-

hin-o ba-i-ba-i-shite-iru dogu

破

household goods = shota-i-

goodwill.[ zen-i, shin-zen ] 拔

goodwill mission = shin-zen shi-setsu-dan

gossip.[ seken-bana-shi, uwasa-bana-shi ] government.[ se-ifu, se-iji j ex. Your country has a very stable government. = a-nata-no

kuni-no se-ifu-wa ante-i-shite-iru

governor.[ chiji, sotoku ] ex. He is the governor of New York State. =

kare-wa

Nyuyoku-shu-no chiji-desu

grace.[yubi, johin ] graceful.[ yubi-na, johin-na] ex. Her graceful manner charmed us. = ka-nojo-no johin-na

ta-ido-wa watashi-tachi-o miryd-shita

107

graceless-grant

graceless.[ hin-no-na-i, bu-saho-na, gehinna ] gracious.[ omo-i-yari-no aru, jihi-buka-i ] grade.[ gaku-nen, se-i-seki, ka-i-kyQ ] ex. Elementary schools in Japan has six grades. = nihon-no

sho-ga-kko-wa roku gaku-nen aru I got a grade of 90 in English. = e-igo-de kyu-ji-tten-o to-tta

gradual.[ dandan, jojo-ni ] ex. The gradual increase in the cost of living made us uneasy.=

dandan-to se-i-katsu-hi-ga tachi-wa fu-an-ni-na-tta

kaka-tte-kite

watashi-

graduate.[ sotsu-gyo-suru, sotsu-gyo-se-i ] ex. He graduated from Oxford with honours. = kare-wa o-

kkusu-fodo da-i-gaku-o yuto-de sotsu-gyd-shita He is a graduate of Tokyo University’s law department. = kare-wa Tokyo da-i-gaku hoka-no sotsu-gyd-se-i-desu

graduation.[ sotsu-gyo ] ex. After his graduation he went abroad. = kare-wa sotsu-

gyo-go ga-i-koku-e i-tta

grain.[ koku-motsu ] ex. He deals in grain. = kare-wa koku-motsu-o akina-tte-

i-masu

grammar.[ bu-npo] 防

English grammar = e-i-bu-npo

grand.[ soda-i-na] grandchild.[ mago] granddaughter.[ mago-mu-sume ] grandfather.[ sofu, o-ji-i-san, o-ji-i-chan ] grandmother.[ sobo, o-ba-san, o-ba-chan ] grandstand.[ kan-ran-seki ] granite.[ mikage-i-shi ] grant.[ kiki-ireru, mito-meru, rika-i-suru ] ex. I grant that you are sometimes faster at this job than I. = a-

108

grant-in-aid-great-grandfather nata-ga kono shi-goto-o toki-doki watashi-yori haya-ku yaru-to i-u-koto-wa mi-tome-masu

grant-in-aid.[ kyo-iku jose-i-kin ] grape.[ buds]

jose-i-kin,

ken-kyu

ex. Wine is made from grapes. = wa-in-wa budo-kara

tsuku-rareru

grapesugar.[ budo-to ] grapevine.[ budo-no tsuru ] grasp.[ tsuka-mu, rika-i-suru ] ex. I grasped the fish by the tail. = saka-na-no shi-ppo-o

tsuka-nda I don’t grasp what you mean. = kimi-no yu koto-ga rika-i-deki-na-i

grass.[ kusa, boku-so] ex. Keep off the grass. = shiba-fu-ni ha-iru-na

grasshopper.[ i-nago, ba-tta, kiri-girisu ] grateful.[ kan-sha-shite-iru, ariga-taku-omotte-iru ] ex. I am grateful to you for your kind help. = a-nata-no shin-

setsu-na go-enjo-ni kan-sha-shite-i-masu

gratitude.[ kan-sha ] ex. I wish to express my gratitude for your assistance. = go-

enjo-ni kan-sha-ita-shi-masu

grave.[ haka] ex. He visited the grave. = kare-wa haka-ma-iri-o shita

greasy.[ abura-ji-mita, beta-beta-shita ] ぼ

greasy food = abura-kko-i shoku-motsu

great.[ ida-i-na, era-i, sugu-reta, da-i-] ぽ

a great scientist = ida-i-na (da-i-) kagaku-sha

great success = da-i~se-ikd

5 a

膝

ex. That’s great! = sore-wa

su-bara-shi-i!

Great Bear.[ o-o-guma-za ] (= Big Bear) great-grandfather.[ sosofu, hi-i-o-ji-i-san ] 109

great-grandmother-grill

great-grandmother.[ sosobo, hi-i-o-ba-san ] great hearted.[ kokoro-no hiro-i ] Great Lakes.[ go-da-i-ko] greatness.[ ida-i-sa ] ex. He owes his present greatness to his health and diligence.=

kare-ga kon-nichi da-i-o nashi-te-iru-no-wa kenkd-to kin-ben-no okage-de-aru

greedy.[ yoku-no-fuka-i, don-yoku-na] ex. He is greedy with money. = kare-wa kane-ni don-yoku-

desu

Greek.[ giri-sha, giri-sha-jin ] green.[ mi-dori, mi-dori-iro ] ex. We can’t depend on him because he is still green. = kare-

wa mada mijuku-da-kara ate-ni nar卜masen salad = yasa-i-sarada

防

a green

greengrocer.[ ya-o-ya ] greenhouse.[ on-shitsu ] greening.[ a-o-ringo] Greenwich.[ gurini-tchi ] ^ Greenwich Time = Gurini-tchi hyojun-ji

greet.[ a-i-satsu-suru, eru ]

kange-i-suru,

muka-

ex. She greeted me with a smile. = ka-nojo-wa hoho-ende

watashi-o muka-eta

greeting.[ a-i-satsu ] 跋

exchange greetings =

3:卜satsu-o

kawa-su

ex. My best

greetings to your mother. = a-nata-no o-k否-san-ni kure-

gure-mo yoro-shiku

grief.[ kana-shimi 】 ex. My failure was a grief to my parents. = watashi-no shi-

ppa-i-ga ryO-snm-no kana-shimi-no tane-deshi-ta

grieve.[ kana-shimu, nage-ku ] grill.[yaki-niku, yaki-zaka-na, yaki-ami ] no

grim - grove

grim.[ o-soro-shi-i, kowa-i, kibi-shi-i ] ex. This is a grim reality. = kore-ga kibi-shi-i gen-jitsu-da

grin.[ niyari-to wara-u, ha-o muki-dasu ] ex. The dog grinned at me. = inu-wa watashi-ni ha-o mu-

ite una-tta

grind.[ hiku, miga-ku ] 防

grind flour = ko-mugi-ko-o hiku

grip.[ nigiri, tsuka-mu ] groan.[ u-naru ] ex. The wounded men lay there groaning with pain. = fu-shd-

sha-ga ita-sa-de soko-ni una-tte ta-orete-ita

grocer.[ shoku-ryo-hin-tenshu ] ex. She telephoned the grocer and soon he delivered the food.=

ka-nojo-ga shoku-ryd-hin-tenshu-ni denwa-suru-to mamo-naku sono shoku-hin-o mo-tte-kita

grocery.[ shoku-ryo-hin-ten, shoku-ryo-hin ] ex. That is a store where groceries are sold at low prices. = are-

ga shoku-ryo-hin-o yasuku u-tte-iru mise-desu

grope.[ te-saguri-suru ] gross.[ hido-i, gehin-na ] ex. He uses gross words. = kare-wa genm-na kotoba-o

tsuka-u

grotesque.[ kika-i-na, na ] ground.[ jimen ]

iyo-na,

gurote-suku-

ex. The ground is covered with deep snow. = jimen-wa fuka-i

yuki-de o-o-warete-iru

groundless.[ konkyo-no nemo-hamo na-i ] 防

na-i,

riyu-no

na-i,

a groundless rumor = nemo-hamo na-i u-wasa

groundwork.[ kiso-koji, doda-i ] group.[ gurupu, shudan ] grove.[ chi-i-sana mori ] in

grow-guard

grow.[ se-icho-suru, soda-tsu, ha-eru, nobiru] ex. Weeds grow rapidly. = za-ssO-wa se-ichO-ga hays-

i grow co*d = samu-ku-naru ひ grow old = toshi-o toru ば grow into = se-ichO-shite 〜ni narv He grew into a fine young man. = kare-wa se-ichO-shite ri-ppa-na se-i-nen-ni na-tta

growl.[ u-naru ] ex. The dog growled at me. = sono inu-wa watashi-o mite

u-na-tta

grown-up.[ otona ] (= adult) ex. The grown-ups were making more noise than the children were at the party. = sono pSfT-dewa kodomoyori otona-

no hO-ga sawaga-shi-ka-tta

grudge.[ urami, aku-i ] ex. He held a grudge against her throughout his life. = kare-w^

shGga-i ka-nojoni urami-o ida-ite-ita

gruel.[ kayu ] grumble.[ butsu-butsu monku-o yu ]

yQ，

fuhe-i-o

yQ,

ex. You have nothing to gmmbte about. = kimi-wa nani-mo

monku (fuhe-iyo yQ kotowa na-i

guarantee.[ hoshO, hoshO-nin, tanpo] ex. What is the best guarantee of peace? = he-iwa-no sa-

iryO-no hoshO-wa nan-desu-ka A written guarantee is needed. = hoshC^shcyga hitsu-yO-desu

guarantor.[ hosh5-nin 】 guaranty.[ hoshQ, hoshO-sho, tanpo bu-kken ] ex. Good education is no guaranty of success. = ri-ppa-na

ky^iku-mo se-ikO-no hoshO-towa nara-na-i

guard.[ mi-haru, mamo-ru, hogosuru ] ぼ

guard life and property = se-ime-i-to za-i-san-o hogo-

suru

112

ば

guard a house = uchi-o mi-haru

guardian-gums

guardian.[ hogo-sha, koken-nin ] guess.[ su-i-soku-suru, ate-ru, omo-u, yoso ] ex. I guess they are very busy now. = ima karera-wa hijo-ni

i-soga-shi-i-desho

I guess so. = so omo-i-masu

My

guess is that he will not come. = watashi-no yoso-dewa

kare-wa ko-na-i-deshd

guest.[ kyaku ](料 host = shu-jin) ex. The guests began to arrive in large numbers. = o-kyaku-ga

o-oze-i tochaku shi-hajime-ta

guidance.[ an-na-i, shido, te-biki ] 防

vocational guidance = shoku-gyo shido

guide.[ an-na-i-suru, michi-biku, te-biki ] ex. The lighthouse guided the ship to port. = toda-i-wa sono

fune-o mi-nato-e michi-bi-ita

This book is a good guide to

Japan. = kono hon-wa nihon-no kenkyu-no yo-i te-biki-

desu

guidedog.[ modo-ken ] guidepost.[ doro hyo-shiki, michi-shirube ] guilt.[tsumi, hanza-i ] guilty.[ yQza-i-no] ex. He was found guilty. = kare-wa yOza-i-to waka-tta 咏

a guilty conscience = yama-shi-i kokoro

guitar.[ gita] gulf.[ wan ] ex. This river flows into the Gulf of Mexico. = kono kawa-wa

Meki-shiko-wan-ni soso-gu

gull.[ ka-mome ] gullet ••••••[ nodo, shoku-do] gulp.[ gu-i-gu-i nomu ] 防

a gulp of water = hito-nomi-no mizu

gum.[ gomu ] 隊

chewing gum = chO-in-gamu

gums.[ ha-guki ] 113

gun-gymnastics

gun.[ ju, te-ppo] gunshot.[ sha-geki ] within (out of) gunshot = shate-i na-i (ga-i)

gym.[ ta-i-iku-kan ] gymnasium.[ ta-i-iku-kan ] gymnastics.[ ta-i-iku, ta-iso] ex. Gymnastics is my favorite subject. = ta-i-iku-wa watashi-

no da-i-suki-na ka-moku-desu

u n habit.[ shukan, kuse ] ex. You must form the habit of reading. = a-nata-wa doku-

sho-no skukan-o tsuke-naku-tewa-ike-na-i She is in the habit of eating too much. = ka-nojo-wa tabe-sugi-ru kuse-ga aru

habitation.[ jusho, kyoju ] habitual.[ i-tsumo-no, joshu-teki-na ] 膝

habitual joke = i-tsumo-no jodan

had. 防

had best

=〜suru-no-ga ichi-ban yo-i-desho

〜

ex.

You had best give your consent. = shochi-suru-no-ga ichi-

ban yo-i-desho had better = ho-ga yo-idesho You had better not go. = yuka-na-i ho-ga yo-idesho You had better ask a question. = kimi-wa shitsumon-shita ho-ga yo-i had rather than ... = ... yori mu-shiro shi-ta-i \ had rather play than rest. = watashiwa yasumu-yori mu-shiro a-sobi-ta-i 球

〜

防

〜

〜

〜

hail1.[arare, hyo] 陳

a hail of bullets = arare-no yona dan-gan

hail2. ex. Hail to you! = yokoso hair.[ ke, kami-no-ke, to-hatsu ] ex. I have my hair cut twice a month. = watashi-wa tsuki-ni

ni-ka-i san-patsu-suru by a hair’s breadth = kan-ippatsu-de He escaped death by a hair’s breadth. = ksre防

wa kan-i-ppatsu-no sa-de shi-o manu-gare-ta

haircut ••••••[ san-patsu ] 膝

go for a haircut = san-patsu-ni yuku

hairdresser •••"•[ biyo-shi ] hairy.[ ke-buka-i, ke-no o-o-i ] 115

half-handiwork

half.[ han-bu-n ] ぽ

the first half of this book = kono hon-no zen-han

half-boiled.[ han-juku-no] half-hearted.[ ki-nori-shi-na-i ] 防

a half-hearted answer = ki-no na-i henji

halfmoon.[ han-getsu ] halfway.[ chuto-de ] ex. There is a small shrine halfway up the mountain. = sono

yama-no chofuku-ni chi-i-sana jinja-ga aru

hall.[ koka-i-do, shuka-i-jo] 政

a town hall = shi-yaku-sho

防

a banquet hall = enka-i-

jo

hallo, halloo.[ moshi-moshi ] hand.[ te ] ex. What do you have in your left hand? = a-nata-wa hi-dari-

te-ni nani-o mo-tte iru-no-desu-ka

Summer vacation is

near at hand. = natsu-yasumi-ga chika-zu-ite-iru ぼ

hand in hand = te-o tsu-na-ide, te-ni te-o to-tte

They

walked away hand in hand. = karera-wa te-o tsu-na-ide

aru-ite-i-tta this book. =

Hands up! = te-o a-gero!

Please hand him

dozo kare-ni kono hon-o watashi-te

kudasa-i

handbook.[ te-biki, nyumon-sho] handful.[ hito-tsukami, wazuka-no] ぽ

a handful of candy = hito-tsukami-no kyandT

handicap.[ handi-kya-ppu, furi-na joken ] ex. Poor eyesight was a handicap to him. = me-ga waru-i

koto-wa kare-ni furi-na jdken-da-tta

handicapped.[ shoga-i-no aru, furi-na ] 跋

handicapped children = shoga-i-ji

handicraft.[ te-shi-goto, shu-ge-i ] handicraftsman.[ te-za-iku-shoku-nin ] handiwork.[ te-zukuri, tese-i ] 116

handkerchief-happily ex. I suppose this box is your handiwork. = kono hako-wa kimi-no tese-i-desu-ne

handkerchief.[ hanka-chi ] handknitted.[ te-ami-no] handle.[ to-tte, te-ni fure-ru ] ex. Wash your hands before you handle my books. = watashino hon-ni te-o fure-ru ma-e-ni te-o ara-i-nasa-i

handshake.[ aku-shu ] handsome.[ bi-nan-shi-no, kanda-i-na, shinsetsu-na ] ex. The movie star is very handsome. = sono e-iga suta-wa b卜dan-shi-da

碌

a handsome treatment = shin-setsu-na

ta-igO, yugu

hand-to-mouth.[ sono-hi gurashi ] handwriting.[ hi-sseki ] handy.[ te-goro-na, kiyo-na, benri-na ] ex. She is handy with a needle. = ka-nojo-wa hari-sm-gotoga toku-i-desu

hang.[ kake-ru, tsuru-su ] ter hang the map on the wall = kabe-ni chizu-o kakeru

ex. The room was hung with beautiful pictures. = heya-

niwa u-tsuku-shi-i e-ga kake-te-a-tta

hangar.[ kaku-no-ko, mo-no-oki ] (= shed) happen.[ okoru ] ex. Something must have happened in his family. = kare-no uchi-ni na-ni-ka oko-tta-ni chiga-i-na-i

^ happen to〜

=tama-tama 〜suru

It happened that

=it happens that

〜

I met her in the park. = tama-tama watashi-wa ko-en-de ka-nojo-ni a-tta moshi-ka-shite

Do you happen to know his address?= kare-no jdsho-o go-zonji-dewa

ari-

masen-ka

happening.[ jiken, deki-goto] happily.[tano-shi-ku, kofuku-ni,

ko-u-n117

happiness-harmful

nimo] ex. He lives happily with his wife and children. = kare-wa tsuma-ya kodomo-to tano-shi-ku kura-shite-i-masu

He

happily escaped. = kare-wa sa-iwa-i-nimo nogare-ta

happiness.[ kofuku, ko-u-n ] happy.[ kofuku-na, u-reshi-i, ta-noshi-i ] ex. I am very happy to see you. = o-a-i-shite ta-ihen ureshi-i-desu

防

a happy translation = uma-i yaku, jozu-

na yaku

happy-go-lucky.[ nonki-na] 防

a happy-go-lucky character = nonki-na se-i-kaku

harbor, harbour.[ mi-nato] ex. A ship is entering the harbor. = fune-ga mi-nato-ni hairu tokoro-desu

hard.[ kata-i, muzuka-shi-i, tsura-i, ne-sshinna] ex. Her hair feels very hard. = ka-nojo-no kami-wa tezawari-ga to-temo kata-i goto

ぽ

hard work = tsura-i shi-

He is hard to please. = kare-wa ki-muzuka-shi-i

hardly.[ hoton-do ~ na-i, karojite ~ ] ex. I could hardly speak a word. = watashi-wa hoton-do hanase-naka-tta

We hardly won the game. = karojite shi-a-

i-ni ka-tta

hardship.[ kon-nan, konku ] hardware.[ kana-mono] 防

hardware store = kana-mono-ten

hare.[ no-u-sagi ] . harm.[ ga-i, ga-i-o ata-eru ] ex. Flies do us much harm. = ha-e-wa wareware-ni ta-ihen ga-i-ni naru

harmful.[ yuga-i-na] ex. Smoking is harmful to your health. = tabako-wa karadani waru-i

118

防

harmful insects = ga-ichu

harmless-hatch

harmless.[ muga-i-na 】 ex. Wine is said to be harmless for your health. =

budd-shu-

wa karada-ni ga-i-ga na-i-to iwarete-iru

harmonious.[ chowa-shite-iru, naka-yoshi-no]

mutsu-maji-i,

ex. The color of the curtain is harmonious with the room.=

katen-no iro-ga heya-to chowa-shite-iru

harmony.[ chowa, wago] harness.[ bagu ] ex. He put the harness on his horse. =

kare-wa uma-ni

bagu-o tsuke-ta

harsh.[ kibi-shi-i, ara-i ] kono nuno-wa te-zawari-ga waru-i He spoke in a harsh voice. = kare-wa mimizawari-na ko-e-de hana-shita ex. This is very harsh cloth. =

harvest.[ shukaku, saku-motsu ] hosaku ex. The harvest is ripe. = sakumotsu-wa juku-shite-iru The rice harvest last year was above average. = kyo-nen-no ina-saku-wa he-ikin-o koete-ita 跋

a rich harvest =

harvest moon.[ chushu-no me-i-getsu ] haste.[ i-sogi ] ex. Haste makes waste. = se-i-tewa koto-o shi-sonjiru Make haste with your work. = sh卜goto-o i-sogi-nasai In my haste I took the wrong train. = awate-te kisha-o ma-chiga-eta 隨 without haste = awate-zu-ni, awate-

na-i-de

hasten.[ i-sogu ] hat.[ boshi ] watashi-wa i-tsumo boshi-o kabura-na-i-de dekake-masu

ex. I usually go out without a hat. =

hatch1.[shoko-guchi ] ^

an escape hatch =

hijo da-sshu-tsu-ko, hijd-guchi

119

hatch-hawk hatch2.[ ka-esu, ka-eru ] ex. When will the eggs hatch? = ta-mago-wa itsu ka-erimasu-ka

Don’t count your chickens before they are hatched.

(Proverb) = ka-era-nu saki-ni hina-o kazoeru-na (toranu ta-nuki-no kawa-zan-yO) (kotowaza)

hate.[ niku-mu, kira_u 】(一 love = suku, a-i-suru) ex. They hate each other. = karera-wa taga-i-ni niku-mi-atte-iru

I hate to get up early in winter. = watashi-wa fuyu

haya-oki-suru-no-ga kira-i-desu

hateful.[ niku-i ] ex. She is hateful towards others. = ka-nojo-wa min-na-ni niku-ma-rete-iru

hatred.[ niku-shimi, da-卜kira-i ] (一 love = a-/) ex. You could feel his hatred a mile away. = ichi-ma-iru hanarete-ite-mo

kare-no

niku-shimi-o

kan-jiru

koto-ga

dekiru-deshd

haughty.[ goman-na, ohe-i-na ] et a haughty air = ohe-i-na ta-ido

haunt.[ araware-ru, deru, shutsu-botsu-suru ] ex. That old house is said to be haunted with ghosts. = ano furu-i i-e-niwa yOre-i-ga deru-to iwarete-iru

have.[ mo-tte-iru,〜ga aru,〜ga iru, tabe-ru ] ex. I have a bag in my hand. = te-ni kaban-o mchtte-imasu

She has two brothers and a sister. = ka-nojo-niwa

futa-ri-no kydda-i-to hito-ri-no imOto-ga i-masu

What

did you have for lunch? = chushoku-ni nani-o tabe-mashita-ka

Have you ever seen him? = a-nafa-wa ima-made

kare-ni a-tta koto-ga ari-masu-ka

You have only to come

here. = a-nata-wa koko-e kuru-dake-de yo-i

What have

you got in your pocket? = a-nafa-wa poke-tto-ni nani-o irete-i-masu-ka

Hawaii.[ hawa-i ] hawk.[ taka ] 120

hay-hear ex. The hawk soared higher in the sky. = taka-wa sora-takaku ma-i-aga-tta

hay.[ hoshi-kusa ] ex. Make hay while the sun shines. (Proverb) = hi-no aru uchi-ni hoshi-kusa-o tsuku-re (kotowaza)

H-bomb.[ su-i-so baku-dan ] he.[ kare-wa, kare-ga ] ex. He and I are good friends. = kare-to watashi-wa nakano-yo-i tomo-dachi-desu

head.[ a-tama, kubi ] ex. She shook her head sadly. = ka-nojo-wa kana-shi-soni kubi-o fu-tta

He graduated at the head of the class. = kare-

wa kurasu-no shu-seki-de sotsu-gyo-shita

headache.[ zutsu ] ex. I have a slight headache. = watashi-wa karu-i zutsu-ga suru

headland.[ mi-saki ] headline.[ mi-dashi (= heading), hyoda-i ] headlong.[ ma-ssaka-sama-ni ] heal.[ na-osu, iya-su ] (= cure) ex. Most troubles will be healed with time. = ta-ite-i-no kurushimi-wa toki-ga tate-ba iya-sare-masu

health.[ kenko] ex. Exercising is good for your health. = u-n-dd-suru-no-wa kenko-ni yo-i

health resort.[ hoyo-chi ] healthy.[ kenko-ni yo-i ] 防

a healthy climate = kenko-ni yo-i kiko

heap.[ tsumi-kasa-ne, taku-san ] ex. We have a heap of work to do. = watashi-tachi-niwa shina-kereba-nara-na-i shi-goto-ga taku-san aru

hear.[ kiku, kiko-eru ] 防

I hear 〜=〜da soda

ex. He is engaged, I hear. = /care-

121

heart-help wa kon-yaku-shita soda

I have not heard from him.=

kare-kara tayori-ga ari-masen

heart.[ shinzo, kokoro, netsu-i ] ex. She has a kind heart. = ka-nojo-wa yasa-shi-i kokoro-o mo-tte-iru

I have no heart to do it. = watashi-wa sore-o

suru ki-ga na-i

I know it by heart. = watashi-wa sore-o

anki-shite-iru

heartily.[ kokoro-kara ] ex. She welcomed me heartily. = ka-nojo-wa watashi-o kokoro-kara kange-i-shita

heat.[ netsu ] ex. The sun gives us light and heat. = ta-iyo-wa warewareni hikari-to netsu-o ata-eru

heaven.[ ten, sora ] heavy.[ omo-i, hage-shi-i ] 跋

a heavy stone = omo-i i-shi

yuki

跋

咏

a heavy snow = o-o-

a heavy traffic = hage-shi-i kotsu

hedge.[ ike-gaki ] ex. The house is surrounded with a hedge. = sono uchi-wa ike-gaki-de kako-marete-iru

heed.[ yojin, chD-i ] heel.[ kakato ] height.[ taka-sa, sa-ichQ, sakari ] 跋

the height of a mountain = yama-no taka-sa

height of the storm = arashi-no sa-ichO

跋

咏

at the

in the height of

the summer = natsu-no sakari-ni

heir.[ sozoku-nin ]

,

ex. He became heir to a large fortune. = kare-wa o-o-kina za-/-san-no sOzoku-nin-ni na-tta

hell.[ ji-goku ] help.[ tasu-keru, te-tsuda-u, yaku-ni tatsu ] ex. I helped my mother cook. = o-ka-san-ga rydri-suru-no-o te-tsuda-tta

122

Help me! = tasu-kete!

I cannot help it.=

helpful-herd sore-wa shi-kata-ga na_i

Help yourself，please. = dozo

o-suki-na mono-o

helpful.[ tasuke-ni naru, yaku-ni tatsu ] ex. His advice will be helpful to me. = kare-no chukoku-wa watashi-ni yaku-datsu-desho

helpless.[ mu-ryoku-na ] helpmate.[ kyoryoku-sha, naka-ma ] ( = help¬ meet)

hemisphere.[ han-kyu ] 跋

the Eastern (Western) Hemisphere = higa-shi (nishi) han-

kyu

琢

the Northern (Southern) Hemisphere = kita (mi-nami)

han-kyu

hempen.[ asa ] 防

a hempen cord = asa-nawa

hen.[ men-dori ] ex. The hen laid seven eggs last week. = sono men-dori-wa sen-shu ta-mago-o nana-ko u-nda

hence.[ ima-kara, sore-dakara ] ex. Five years hence, she will return. = ima-kara go-nen-goni ka-nojo-wa ka-e-tte-kuru-deshd

He did not follow her

advice, hence his ruin. = kare-wa ka-nojo-no chOkoku-o kika-naka-tta, sore-de ha-metsu-shita

henceforth.[ kongo] ex. Henceforth I’ll stop smoking. = kongo watashi-wa kinen-suru tsumori-da (desu)

her.[ ka-nojo-no, ka-nojo-o, ka-nojo-ni ] ex. I know her. = watashi-wa ka-nojo-o shi-tte-iru

I know

her parents. = watashi-wa ka-nojo-no rydshin-o shi-tteiru.

I gave her a book. = watashi-wa ka-nojo-ni hon-o a-

geta

herald.[ saki-bure ] herd.[ mure ] ex. A herd of cattle were seen slowly moving through the pasture.

123

here-hiking =u-sh卜no mure-ga hoboku-jyo-o yu-kkuri ugo-ite-iruno-ga mi-eta

here.[ koko-ni, koko-e ] ex. Come here, please. = dozo kochira-e, kochira-e dozo You can find it here and there. = achira-kochira-de sorewa mitsu-kari-masu-yo koko-no hito-desu-ka

Do you belong here? = kimi-wa You are wrong here. = koko-ga

ma-chiga-tte-iru

hereabout.[ kono hen-de ] hereafter.[ kongo ] ex. Be careful hereafter. = kongo ki-o tsuke-nasa-i

hereditary.[ iden-suru ] ex. The disease is not hereditary. = sono byoki-wa iden-shina-i

hero.[ e-iyu ] hers.[ ka-nojo-no mono] ex. “Whose is this umbrella?” “It’s hers.” =「kono kasa-wa dare-no-desihka」rsore-wa ka-nojo-no mono-desuj

hesitate.[ chucho-suru, tamera-u, enryo-suru ] ex. Don’t hesitate to call me. = enryo-naku watashi-o yobinasa-i

hi.[ kon-nichi-wa, ya ] hide.[ kaku-su, kaku-reru ] ex. The rich man hid his gold under the floor. = sono kanemochi-wa kin-o yuka-shita-ni kaku-shita

She hid her

face in her hands. = ka-nojo-wa ka-o-o te-de o-o-tta

He

hid himself behind the tree. = kare-wa ki-no kage-ni kakureta

hide-and-seek.[ kaku-renbo] kt play hide-and-seek = kaku-renbo-o suru

high.[ taka-i ] ex. That is a high mountain. = a-re-wa taka-i yama-desu

hiking.[ ha-i-kingu ] 124

h 川-hitherto ex. Let’s go hiking this weekend. = kondo-no shO-matsu-ni ha-i-kingu-ni yuki-masho

hilt.[ oka ] him.[ kare-ni, kare-o] hind.[ u-shiro-no] hinder.[ sama-tage-ru, jama-o suru ] ex. The snow hindered him his walking. = kare-wa yuki-ni haba-mare-te aruku koto-ga deki-naka-tta

hint.[ hint。] ex. Will you give me a hint as to what I should do? = dd-subeki-ka hinto-o ata-ete-kudasa-i

hip.[ shiri ] hippo.[ kaba ] (= hippopotamus) hire.[ kari-ru, kasu, yato-u ] ex. We hired a boat. = watashi-tachi-wa boto-o kari-ta

historic.[ reki-shi-jo yume-i-na, reki-shi-tekina ] ex. This building has a great historic value. = kono tatemono-wa o-i-ni reki-shi-teki kachi-ga ari-masu

This

event wilt become historic. = kono jiken-wa reki-shi-ni noko-ru-daro

history.[ reki-shi, yura-i, ke-i-reki ] ex. History repeats itself. = reki-shi-wa kurika-esu

Tell me

your personal history. = a-nata-no ke-i-reki-o hana-shitekudasa-i

hit.[ u-tsu, oso-u, omo-i-tsuku ] ex. He hit a ball. = kare-wa bdru-o u-tta

A heavy storm hit

the district. = hido-i arashi-ga sono chiho-o oso-tta

I hit

on a bright idea. = su-bara-shi-i kanga-e-ga ukan-da

hitch.[ hi-kkake-ru, tsuna-gu ] hitherto.[ ima-made, ima-no-tokoro ] ex. It is hitherto unknown to them. = sore-wa ima-no-tokoro karera-ni shira-rete-na-i

125

hive-home

hive.[ mitsu-bachi-no su ] (= beehive) hobby.[ shumi, doraku ] ex. Fishing is my only hobby. = tsuri-ga watashi-no tadahito-tsu-no shumi-desu

hog.[ buta ] (= pig) hold.[tsuka-mu, motsu, hiraku, ha-iru ] ex. Hold your knife in the right hand. = na-ifu-o migi-te-ni mochi-nasa-i

The party will be held tomorrow. = paff-wa

asu hira-kare-masu

This hall will hold 200 people. = kono

horu-niwa ni-hyaku-nin-no hito-ga ha-iru uao-ku-na

防

球

Hold it!=

hold on = denwa-o kira-na-i-de matsu

hole.[ ana, wareme ] ex. Dig a big hole in the ground. = jimen-ni o-o-kina ana-o hori-nasa-i

holiday.[ kyu-jitsu, sa-i-jitsu, yasumi ] ex. Are you enjoying your summer holidays (vacations)? = natsu-yasumi-o tano-shinde-i-masu-ka

We have long holi¬

days in summer. = natsu-niwa naga-i yasumi-ga arimasu

I spent my holiday on the Riviera. = watashi-wa ribi-

era-de kyOka-o sugo-shita

The whole family was out for a

holiday. = kazoku soro-tte kyO-jitsu-no a-sobi-ni dekake-ta

holiday maker.[ koraku-kyaku ] Holland.[ o-randa ] ex. Holland is a kingdom. = o-randa-wa okoku-de-aru

hollow

ana, ku-bomi, u-tsuro-na ]

ex. Her voice sounded hollow. = ka-oojo-no ko-e-wa utsuro-ni hibi-ita

An animal lived in the hollow of the tree.=

dd-butsu-wa ki-no hora-ni su-nde-ita

holy.[ shinse-i-na ] ex. Have you read the Holy Bible? = se-i-sho-o yonda kotoga ari-masu-ka

home.[ kate-i, kokyo ] 126

homemaking-honorable ex. Your home is very warm. = a-nata-no kate-i-wa atataka-i

I am always at home on Sundays. = watashi-wa

nichi-yobi-wa i-tsumo uchi-ni i-masu

He left home for

France. = kare-wa kokyo-o dete fu-ransu-e i-tta

Please

make yourself at home. = dozo kiraku-ni shite-kudasai

on my way home = uchi-e ka-eru to-chO

ぽ

That officer

is at home in the subject. = ano yaku-nin-wa sono mondai-ni tsujite-iru

homemaking.[ kase-i, kase-i-ka] homesick.[ homu-shi-kku ] 琢

get homesick = homu-shi-kku-ni naru

homework.[ shuku-da-i ] honest.[ shojiki-na, majime-na ] ex. He is honest in his business. = kare-wa shi-goto-ni majime-desu

honesty.[ shojiki ]

dishonesty = fu-shojiki)

ex. Honesty is the best policy. (Proverb) = shojiki-wa sa-izenno saku-de-aru (kotowaza)

Honesty does not pay. = sho-

jiki-mono-wa baka-o miru

honey.[ hachi-mitsu ] honeymoon.[ shin-kon-ryoko, shin-kon-ryokoo suru] 跋

honeymoon in Italy = l-tari-a-ni shin-kon-ryoko-o suru

honor, honour.[ me-iyo, ko-e-i, ke-i-i J ex. I don’t want to lose my honor. = watashi-wa me-iyo-o ushina-i-taku-na-i

People paid honor to the general. = hito-

bito-wa shogu-n-ni ke-i-i-o hyoshita

He graduated from

school with honors. = kare-wa yutd-de ga-kko-o sotsugyo-shita

honorable, honourable.[ sonke-i-su-beki, rippa-na ] ex. He is an honorable gentleman. = kare-wa ri-ppa-na shin-sh 卜 de-aru

127

hood-horseback

hood.[ fudo, zukin ] ex. The girl was wearing a hood over her head. = sono shojowa a-tama-ni fudo-o kabu-tte-ita

hop.[ pyon-pyon tobu, pyon-pyon hane-ru ] ex. The bird hopped from tree to tree. = tori-wa ki-kara ki-e pyon-pyon tonda

hope.[ nozomu, kibo-suru, nozomi ] ex. Is there any hope of his success? = kare-ga se-iko-suru nozomi (= mi-komi)-wa ari-masu-ka

I went there in the

hope of seeing her. = watashi-wa ka-nojo-ni a-eru-to omo-tte soko-e i-tta

hopeless.[ nozomi-ga-na-i ] ex. The patient recovery is hopeless. = kanja-wa ka-i-fukuno nozomi-ga na-i

horizon.[ chihe-i-sen, su-ihe-i-sen ] ex. The ship disappeared beyond the horizon. = fune-wa suihe-i-sen-no ka-nata-e ki-eta

horizontal.[ su-ihe-i-na, ta-ira-na ] ex. The table top is horizontal. = teburu-no hyomen-wa taira-desu

horn.[ tsuno, tsuno-bu-e, ke-i-teki ] ex. A deer has horns. = shika-niwa tsuno-ga aru

Sound

horn. = ke-i-teki-o narase

horrible.[ o-soro-shi-i, iya-na ] ex. It was a horrible sight to see. = sore-wa miru-mo o-soroshi-i kdke-i-da-tta

We had horrible weather yesterday.=

kinO-wa jitsu-ni iya-na tenki-da-tta

horror.[ kyofu, zo-tto-suru omo-i ] ■ to my horror = zo-tto-shita koto-niwa

球

horse.[ uma] horseback.[ uma-no se ] ex. They went on horseback to the next village. = kar^ra-wa uma-ni no-tte tsugi-no mura-e i-tta

128

horseman-hot

horseman.[ ki-shu ] ex. He is a good horseman. = kare-wa joba-ga jozu-desu

horsepower.[ bariki ](= hp, hp, h.p., h.p) horse race.[ ke-iba ] hospital.[ byo-in ] ex. Her aunt is in the hospital. = ka-nojo-no oba-wa nyu-inshite-iru

^ be out of the hospital = tai-in-shite-iru

hospitality.[ shin-setsu-na mote-nashi, atsu-i mote-nashi, kanta-i ] ex. We received the hospitality of the village people. = watashitachi-wa mura-bito-no atsu-i mote-nashi-o u-keta

host.[ shu-jin, shu-yaku ] ex. He acted as host at the party. = kare-wa patT-de shu-jinyaku-o tsuto-meta

hostage.[ hito-jichi, tanpo] 防

ask ransom for a hostage = hito-jichi-no mino-shiro-kin-

o yokyO-suru

hostel.[ shuku-haku-jo] 跋

a youth hostel = yOsu hosu-teru

hostess.[ hosu-tesu ] hostile.[ teki-i-no aru, hanta-i-no ] (* friendly = ko-i-teki-na, yuko-teki-na) ex. The hostile youth burned the store down. = teki-i-ni michita waka-mono-tachi-wa sono mise-o yaki-hara-tta

hostility ••…-[teki-i, han-kan ] ex. I have no personal hostility to the system. = sono se-ido-ni kojin-teki-na han-kan-wa na-i

hot.[ atsu-i, shita ]

a-tara-shi-i,

ex. I feel hot here. = koko-wa atsu-i

oko-tte,

Is there any hot news?

=nani-ka a-tara-shi-i nyusu-ga ari-masu-ka =kofu-n-suru

kofu-n-

^ get hot

ex. Don’t get so hot! Calm down. = son-na-

ni kofu-n-suru-na ochi-tsuke

129

hound-how

hound.[ ryoken ] ex. People go hunting with their hounds. = hito-bito-wa ryoken-o tsure-te kari-ni yuku

hour.[ jikan ] ex. I waited for him an hour. = kare-o ichi-jikan ma-tta 跋

business hours = e-igyo jikan

kin-mu jikan

防

duty (office) hours =

out of hours = kin-mu jikan-ga-i-ni

琢

hour hand.[ tan-shin ] house.[ i-e, uchi, gi-in ] ex. He entered the House. = kare-wa gi-in-ni na-tta 防

play house = mama-goto-o suru

ment =ko-kka-i giji-do

防

隨

the House of Parlia¬

the House of Representatives =

ka-in, shOgi-in (Japan)

housefly.[ ha-e ] household.[ kate-i ] ex. He was brought up in a Christian household. = kare-wa kiri-suto-kyOto-no kate-i-ni soda-tta

housekeeper.[ kase-i-fu ] ex. She will be make a good house keeper. = ka-nojo-wa /-/ kase-i-fu-ni naru-desho

housekeeping.[ kaji ] housewife.[ shufu, oku-san ] housework.[ kaji ] housing.[ jutaku ] 跋

a housing problem = jutaku monda-i

hover.[ kucha-ni te-i-shi-suru, u-kabu ] ex. The helicopter hovered over the village. = heri-kopu-ta-wa sono mura-no jdko-ni te-i-shi-shite-ita

how.[ do-ya-tte, dono-kura-i, nanto, nante ] ex. How did you learn English? = a-nata-wa do-ya-tte eigo-o obo-e-mashi-ta-ka

How much money do you spend

in a week? = a-nata-wa i-sshu-kan-ni dono-kura-i okane-o tsuka-i-masu-ka

130

How young you are! = nanto

however-humility kimi-wa waka-i-no-daro!

How about taking a walk?=

sanpo-wa ikaga-desu-ka

How is it that you are so late?=

kimi-ga son-na-ni okureru-no-wa doyO wake-desuka

防

how to do = yari-kata

however.[ don-na-ni shika-shi-na-gara ]

〜shite-mo,

shika-shi,

ex. However fast you may run, you will be late. = don-na-ni hayaku hashi-tte-mo a-nata-wa okureru-desho

You are

mistaken, however. = shika-shi kimi-wa ma-chiga-tte-iru

howl.[ ho-e-go-e, naki-go-e, hime-i, ho-eru ] ex. I heard someone raise a howl. = watashi-wa dareka-qa hime-i-o a-geru-no-o ki-ita

I heard a wolf howling.=

watashi-wa o-o-kami-ga ho-ete-iru-no-o ki-ita

hue.[ iro-a-i, iro] ex. The hue of the rainbow were very clear. = ruj卜no iro-ga to-temo azaya-ka-da-tta

hug.[ daki-shime-ru, idaku ] ex. They hugged each other. = karera-wa daki-a-tta

huge.[ kyoda-i-na, o-oki-i, o-o-kina ] ex. You will see a huge building on your right. = o-o-kina tate-mono-ga migi-te-ni mi-eru-desho

human.[ nin-gen-no, nin-gen-rashi-i ] ex. We are all human beings. = wareware-wa min-na ninoen-da

To err is human, to forgive divine. = aya-machi-wa

hito-no tsune yurusu-wa kami-no waza

humane.[ jindo-teki, na-sake-buka-i, omo-iyari-no aru ] humanitarianism.[ jindo-shugi, haku-a-ishugi ] humanity.[ jinru-i, nin-gen-se-i, haku-a-i ] ex. She served humanity throughout her life. = ka-nojo-wa shoga-i-o tsujite jinru-i-ni hoshi-shita

humility.[ ken-son ] 131

humor-husband ex. He spoke with humility of what he had done. = kare-wa jibu-n-no shita koto-o ken-son-shite hana-shi-ta

humor, humour.[ yumo-a, kibu-n, kigen ] ex. He has no humor. = kare-wa ydmo-a-ga wakara-nai

He was in a good humor. = kare-wa to-temo kigen-ga

yoka-tta

humorous.[ ko-kke-i-na ] ex. Tell me a humorous story. = ko-kke-i-na hana-shi-o shite-kudasa-i

hundred.[ hyaku ] ex. Hundreds of people were killed in the accident. = sOhyaku-nin-no hito-ga sono jiko-de naku-na-tta

hunger.[ kufuku ] ex. The beggar died of hunger. = sono kojiki-wa u-e-jinishita

hungry.[ kufuku-no] ex. He began to feel hungry. = kare-wa kOfuku-o kanjihajime-ta

hunt.[ kari-o suru ] ex. It is a pleasure to go hunting with you. = a-nata-to kari-ni yuku-no-wa ure-shi-i koto-desu

hunter.[ ryoshi ] ex. This man was a skillful hunter. = kono otoko-wa udekiki-no ryOshi-da-tta

hurry.[ i-sogu ] ex. There is no hurry about it. = sore-wa i-sogu hitsu-yo-wa na-i

Hurry up, or you will be late, =

i-soga-na-i-to

okureru-yo

hurt.[ kega-o suru, kizu-tsuke-ru ] ex. His story hurt my feelings. = kare-no hana-shi-wa watashi-no kanjd-o kizu-tsuke-ta

husband.[ o-tto ] 咏

132

husdand and wife = fufu

husk-hysteria

husk.[ kara, kawa, momi-gara ] hut.[ koya] w a log hut = maruta-goya

hydrant.[ shoka-sen, kyusu-i-sen ] hydrogen.[ su-iso ] 跋

a hydrogen bomb = su-iso baku-dan

hygiene.[ e-ise-i-gaku ] hymn.[ sanbi-ka ] ex. They sang a hymn in chorus. = karera-wa ga-ssho-de sanbi-ka-o uta-tta

hypertension.[ ko-ketsu-atsu ] hypocrite.[ gizen-sha ] play the hypocrite = neko-o kabu-ru

hypodermic.[ hika ] » a hypodermic injection = hika chOsha

hypotension.[ te-i-ketsu-atsu ] hysteria.[ hisu-terT]

133

I.[

watashi-wa,

boku-wa (male),

watashi-wa

(female)] ex. I am a Japanese. = watashi-wa nihon-jin-desu

ice.[ ko-ori ] ex. They skated on the ice. = karera-wa ko-ori-no u-e-de suketo-o shita

ice age.[ hyoga jida-i, hyoga-ki ] iceberg.[ hyozan ] icicle.[ tsu-rara ] icy.[ ko-ori-no ha-tta, re-itan-na ] ex. People often slip on the icy street. = hito-bito-wa yoku ko-ori-no ha-tta to-ori-de sube-tte korobu

She spoke in

an icy manner. = ka-nojo-wa re-itan-na ta-ido-de hanashi-o shita

idea.[ kanga-e, omo-i-tsuki, ke-i-kaku ] ex. Tell me your idea on that matter. = sono monda-i-ni tsuite kimi-no kanga-e-o watashi-ni hana-shite-kudasai

I have no idea what to do with it. = watashi-wa sore-o

do-shita-ra yo-i-ka wakara-na-i

ideal.[ riso-teki-na ] ex. This is an ideal place for a picnic. = koko~wa piku-nikku-niwa risd-teki-ns basho-desu

Try to realize your

ideals. = a-nata-no riso-o jitsu-ger^suru yoni shi-nasa-i

identical.[ o-naji-no, do-itsu-no] ex. They are identical in their opinions. = karera-wa iken-ga i-tchi-shite-iru

identification.[ mibu-n-shome-i ] 跋

identification card = mibu-n-shome-i-sho

identify.[ do-itsu-no mono-to mi-nasu ] 134

idiom-ill ex. I cannot identify this with that. = watashi-wa kore-to are-o dd-itsu-no mono-to mi-nasu koto-wa deki-nai

He was identified by his clothes. = i-fuku-de kare-da-to

kaku-nin-sare-ta

idiom.[ kan-yo-go, juku-go] ex. “In order to” is an idiom. =「In order to」-wa kan-yo-godesu

idiot.[ baka (-mono), haku-chi ] ex. He is a perfect idiot. = kare-wa ma-ttaku-no bakamono-desu

idle.[ nama-kete-iru ] ex. He is not an idle boy. = kare-wa nama-ke-monodewa-na-i

if.[ moshi ~ naraba,〜ka doka, marude ka-no yoni ]

〜

ex. If it is raining, I will stay here. = moshi ame-ga fu-tteiru-nara watashi-wa koko-ni i-masu

Ask him if he saw

her yesterday. = ka-nojo-ni kino a-tta-ka doka kare-ni kiki-nasa-i

He talks as if he knew everything. = kare-wa

marude nan-demo shi-tte-iru-ka-no yoni hana-shi-o suru

ignorance.[ mu-chi, mu-gaku ] ex. He made a mistake througn ignorance. = mu-chi-no tame kare-wa aya-machi-o oka-snita

ignorant.[ mu-gaku-no, mu-chi-no] ex. She is ignorant of the world. = ka-nojo-wa sekenshirazu-desu

Don’t be so ignorant! = doshite son-na

koto-ga wakara-na-i-nda

ignore.[ mu-shi-suru ] ex. He ignored my advice. = kare-wa watashi-no chOkokuo mu-shi-shita

ill.[ byoki-no, waru-i ] ex. She often gets ill. = ka-nojo-wa yoku byoki-ni naru

135

ill-bred-immense

ill-bred.[ sodachi-no yoku-na-i ] ill-natured.[ konjo-no waru-i ] ill-tempered.[ okori-ppo-i, tanki-na ] ill-treat.[ iji-meru, gyaku-ta-i-suru ] illuminate.[ akaruku-suru ] illusion.[ gen-kaku, maboroshi, genso] ex. He is under the illusion that everyone admires him. = minna-ga kare-o sonke-i-shite-iru-to kare-wa sa-kkakushite-iru

image.[ su-gata, kata-chi ] ex. His image is still fresh in my mind. = kare-no omo-kagega ima-na-o watashi-no kokoro-ni ha-kkiri-to noko-tteiru

imaginary.[ sozo-jo-no, jitsu-za-i-shi-na-i ] ex. Dragons are imaginary. = ryu-wa jitsu-za-i-shi-na-i mono-de-aru

imagination.[ sozo-ryoku ] ex. Use your imagination. = sozD-ryoku-o hata-raka-senasa-i

imagine

• [ sozo-suru, omo-u, kanga-eru ]

ex. Imagine being in his place. = kare-no mi-ni-na-tte kanga-e-nasa-i

imitate.[ mane-ru, tehon-n•卜suru, mi-nara-u ] ex. Parrots imitate human speech. = Omu-wa hito-no kotoba-o mane-ru

imitation.[ mozo-no, maga-i-mono] 防

imitation goods = mozo-hin, nise-mono

immaculate.[ yogore-no-na-i, kiyoraka-na ] 防

an immaculate life = kiyoraka-na se-i-katsu

immediate.[ choku-setsu-no, sugu-no] ex. What is the immediate cause of the war? = senso-no choku-setsu-no gen-in-wa nan-desu-ka

immense.[ koda-i-na, mugen-no ] 136

immortal-important ex. There is an immense meadow at the foot of the mountain.= yama-no fu-moto-ni koda-hna bokujo-ga ari-masu

immortal.[ fu-metsu-no, fu-shi-no, fukyu-no] ex. Shakespeare has won an immortal fame as a writer. = Sheikusu-pia-wa sa-kka-to-shite fukyu-no me-ise-i-o eta

immovable.[ u-goka-na-i, fudo-no, fudo-san ] impact.[ shogeki, shototsu-suru ] impatient.[ gaman-deki-na-i ] ex. Don’t be so impatient. = son-na-ni ira-ira-suru-na

He is

impatient to start. = kare-wa shu-ppatsu-shi-taku-te uzuuzu-shite-iru

imperfect.[ fukan-zen-na, mikan-se-i-no ] imperial.[ kote-i-no, te-i-koku-no] ex. The Imperial Palace is near Tokyo Station. = kokyo-wa Tokyo-eki-no chika-ku-ni aru

implement.[ dogu ] ex. A plow is a farm implement. = suki-wa nogu-desu

implore.[ kon-gan-suru, tano-mu, kokoro-kara tano-mu ] ex. I implored him to stay. = watashi-wa kare-ni nokoru yoni kokoro-kara tano-nda

He implored me to stay there.

=kare-wa watashi-ni soko-ni todo-maru yoni kongan-shita

imply.[ imi-o-fuku-mu, imi-suru ] ex. Silence sometimes implies consent. = chin-moku-wa tokiniwa do-i-o imi-suru

impolite.[ shitsu-re-i-na, bure-i-na ] import.[ yu-nyQ-suru ] ex. Cotton is imported chiefly from America and India. = watawa omo-ni Ame-rika-to Indo-kara yu-nyu-sareru

important.[ jQyo-na, ta-i-setsu-na] ex. It is important for us to keep our promise. = yaku-soku-o mamo-ru koto-wa ta-i-setsu-na koto-da

137

impose-incident

impose.[ (ze-i-kin-o) kakeru, oshi-tsukeru, dama-su ] ex. Heavy taxes are imposed on beer. = bTru-ni omchi ze-ikin-ga kase-rarete-iru

She is easily imposed on. = ka-

nojo-wa dama-sare-yasu-i

Don’t impose on others’ good

nature. = hito-no yosa-ni tsuke-konde-wa ike-na-i

impossible.[ fu-kano-na, ari-e-na-i ] ex. It is impossible that he has passed the examination. = karega shiken-ni gdkaku-shita nante ari-e-na-i

impress.[ in-sho-zukeru, kan-me-i-sa-seru ] ex. We were deeply impressed with the story. = watashi-tachiwa sono hana-shi-ni fuka~i kan-me-i-o u-keta

imprison.[ togoku-suru, ke-imu-sho-ni-ireru ] ex. He was imprisoned for murder. = kare-wa satsu-jin-no tsumi-de togoku-sareta

improve.[ shinpo-suru, yoku-naru ] ex. I improved my English. = watashi-wa e-igo-ga jd-tatsushita

improvement.[ shinpo, ka-iryo] ex. He made various improvements in the typewriter. = kare-wa ta-ipu-ra-ita-ni iro-iro-na ka-iryo-o shita

impudent.[ nama-iki-na ] ex. He was impudent enough to call me a country boy. = karewa nama-iki-nimo watashi-o i-naka-mono-to yon da

impulse.[ shodo, shi-geki ] ex. People often act under the impulse of curiosity. = hito-bitowa yoku koki-shin-ni kararete kodo-suru

incapable.[ deki-na-i, muno-na ] ex. He is incapable of doing his duty. = kare-wa jibu-n-no nin-mu-o ha-tase-na-i

incautious.[ fu-chu-i-na ] incident.[ deki-goto, jiken ] ex. A strange incident happened. = fu-shigi-na jiken-ga

138

inclination-indeed okita

inclination.[ kata-muki, kono-mi, ke-iko, koba-i] ex. He was able to handle the beginner’s slope inclination.= kare-wa sho-shin-sha-yo geren-de-no ke-i-sha-ni ta-isho-suru koto-ga deki-ta

incline.[ kata-muke-ru,〜shi-ta-i-to-omo-u, ke-iko-ga aru ] ex. He is inclined to be idle. = kare-wa nama-keru ke-ikoqa aru.

I am inclined to think so. = watashi-wa so omo-i-

include.[〜〇 fuku-mu ] income.[ shunyu, sho-toku ] ex. I have an income of 50,000 yen a week. = watashi-wa shu-ni go-man-yen-no shunyu-ga aru

inconvenience.[ me-i-waku, fuben ] ex. It is no inconvenience to me. = sore-wa watashi-ni sukoshi-mo me-i-waku-dewa

ari-masen

Sometimes we

must bear inconvenience. = toki-niwa fuben-ni ta-e-nebanara-na-i

inconvenient.[ fuben-na, me-i-waku-na] ex. If it is not inconvenient to you, I'd like you to come. = moshi go-me-i-waku-de naka-ttara kimi-ni kite-ita-daki-ta-i

increase.[ masu, zoka-suru, zoka ] ex. He increased the speed of the car. = kare-wa kuruma-no su-pTdo-o a-geta

The town is increasing in population.=

sono machi-wa jinko-ga zoka-shite-iru

There was a

tremendous increase in oil prices. = seki-yu-no ka-kaku-ga ohaba-ni aga-tta

incredible.[ shinji-rare-na-i，toho-mo-na-i ] ex. It is an incredible story. = sore-wa shinji-rare-na-i hanashi-desu

indeed.[ jitsu-ni, honto-ni ] 139

independence-induce ex. He is indeed a gentleman. = kare-wa honto-ni shin-shidesu

independence.[ doku-ritsu, ji-ritsu ] independent.[ doku-ritsu-no] ex. He is independent of his parents. = kare-wa ryoshin-kara doku-ritsu-shite-iru

India.[ indo] indifference.[ mu-kan-shin, re-itan ] ex. The waiter treated me with indifference. = u-e-ita-wa reitan-na ta-ido-de watashi-o a-tsuka-tta

indifferent.[ mu-kan-shin-na, re-itan-na ] ex. He is indifferent to his dress. = kare-wa fuku-so-ni mukan-shin-desu

indignant.[ fu-nga-i-shita, hara-no tatsu ] ex. I was indignant at her actions. = watashi-wa ka-nojo-no ko-i-ni hara-o tate-ta

indignation.[ fu-nga-i ] ex. They felt strong indignation against her. = karera-wa kanojo-ni ta-i-shite ta-ihen fu-nga-i-shita

indispensable.[ kaku-koto-no deki-na-i, zetta-i hitsu-yo-na ] ex. Air, food and water are indispensable to life. = kuki, tabemono, mizu-wa se-ime-i-ni to-tte naku-tewa-nara-na-i mono-de-aru

individual.[ kojin-teki-na, doku-toku-na ] ex. I’d like to give individual attention to them. = watashi-wa karera-ni kojin-teki-na cho-i-o hara-j-ta-i

indoors.[ shitsu-na-i-ni, okuna-i-ni ] induce.[〜sa-seru ] ex. What induced you to do such a thing? = dOshite kon-na koto-o suru yoni na-tta-no-desu-ka

This medicine will in¬

duce sleep. = kono kusuri-o nomu-to nemu-ku-narimasu

140

indulge-influence

indulge.[ suki-na yoni sa-seru, ~ ni fukeru ] ex. He indulges in drinking. = kare-wa sake-ni oborete-iru

industrial.[ san-gyo-no, kogyo-no ] ex. The Industrial Revolution started in England. = san-gyd kakume-i-wa i-girisu-ni hajima-tta

industrious.[ kin-ben-na, majime-na ] ex. Everybody must be industrious in his business. = daredemo jibu-n-no

shi-goto-ni

kin-ben-de-nakeィeba-

nara-na-i

inevitable.[ sake-rare-na-i ] ex. Death is inevitable. = shi-wa sake-rare-na-i mono-da

infancy.[ yonen-ki ] infant.[ yoji, nyu-yoji, shoki-no] 防

infant food = yoji-shoku

ex. Our tourist industry is still one

of the infant industries. = waga-kuni-no kanko-san-gyowa mada shoki-danka-i-no san-gyo-no hito-tsu-de-aru

infect.[ den-sen-sa-seru, e-ikyo-o ata-eru, utsusu ] ex. Clean your wound carefully so that it doesn’t get infected.= ba-i-kin-ga ha-ira-na-i-yd-ni kizu-gucn卜。yoku fukinasa~i

inferior.[ yori-oto-ru, yori-waru-i ] ex. This soap product is inferior to the one we use. = kono sekken-wa watashi-tachi-ga tsuka-tte-iru mono yon shitsu-ga waru-i

inflict.[ ata-eru ] ex. The typhoon inflicted a lot of damage on these fishing vil¬ lages. =ta-ifO-wa korera-no gyo-son-ni o-o-kina songa-i-o ata-eta

influence.[ e-ikyo] ex. The Western civilization had a great influence on the Japanese civilization. = se-iyo bu-n-me-i-wa nihon-no bun-me-i-ni o-o-kina e-ikyo-o ata-eta

141

inform-inn

inform.[ shira-seru ] ex. She informed me off his success. = ka-nojo-wa watashini kare-no se-iko-o shira-sete-kureta

I informed him that

I had bought a car. = watashi-wa kare-ni kuruma-o ka-tta koto-o shira-seta

information.[ joho, chi-shiki ] ex. Can you give me any information about him? = kare-ni tsuite nani-ka johd~ga ari-masu-ka

The book contains a lot

of useful information. = sono hon-niwa taku-san-no yakuni-tatsu chi-shiki-ga fuku-marete-iru

ingenious.[ kiyo-na, komyo-na ] ex. The ingenious boy made a model car. = sono kiyo-na shonen-wa moke-i-jidosha-o tsuku-tta

^ an ingenious

excuse = komyo-na i-i-wake

inhabit.[ sumu ] inherit.[ uke-tsugu, sozoku-suru ] ex. She inherited a large fortune from her father. = ka-nojo-wa chichi-oya-kara bakuda-i-na za-i-san-o sozoku shita

inheritance.[ sozoku, i-san ] ex. He became rich by inheritance. = kare-wa i-san-o sozoku-shite kane-mochi-ni na-tta

initiative.[ shudo-ken ] injure.[ kizu-tsuke-ru, ga-i-o ata-eru ] (= hurt) ex. He injured his legs in the accident. = kare-wa jiko-de ashi-ni kega-o shita

injury.[ kizu, songa-i ] ex. The player received an injury to his knee. = sen-shu-wa hiza-ni kega-o shita

injustice.[fuse-i, fuse-i-ko-i, fukohe-i ] ex. Never commit an injustice. = ke-sshite fuse-i-o suru-na

inn.[ yadoya, i-zaka-ya ] ex. He put up at an inn for the night. = kare-wa yadoya-ni ippaku-shita

142

inner-inside

inner.[ na-ibu-no, se-i-shin-teki-na ] ex. He had a knife hidden in his inner pocket. = kare-wa uchi-poke-tto-ni na-ifu-o kaku-shi mo-tte-ita

innocence.[ muza-i, ke-ppaku, mu-jaki ] ex. He could not prove his innocence. = kare-wa jibu-n-no ke-ppaku-o shome-i-deki-naka-tta

innocent.[ muza-i-no, ke-ppaku-na ] (一 guilty) innumerable.[ musu-no] ex. There are innumerable stars in the sky. = sora-niwa musu-no hoshi-ga aru

inoculate.[ yobo-se-sshu-o suru ] inoculation.[ yobo-se-sshu ] inquire.[ tazu-neru, kiku ] inquiry.[ shitsu-mon, chosa ] ex. Just make your inquiry at the information desk. = uketsuke-de cho-tto tazu-nete-goran

inscribe.[ horu, kiza-mu, kaku, ki-nyu-suru ] ex. He inscribed the book with his name. = kare-wa sono hon-ni nama-e-o ki-nyO-shita

This book I inscribe to my

wife. = hon-sho-o tsuma-ni okuru

inscription.[ hibu-n ] 跋

an inscription in Chinese characters = kanji-no hibu-n

insect.[ kon-chu ] ex. In summer many boys are busy collecting insects. = natsuwa o-oku-no shonen-ga kon-chu sa-i-sho-m i-sogashi-i

insert.[ sashi-komu ] ex. Being that it was dark, he could not insert his key into the lock. = kuraka-tta-node kare-wa jo-ni kagi-o ireru koto-ga deki-naka-tta

inside.[ na-ibu, uchi-gawa] ex. Show me the insides of your bag. = kaban-no uch卜 gawa-o mise-te-kudasa-i

143

insignificant-instruct

insignificant.[ kudara-na-i ] ex. Don’t waste time on insignificant talk. =

kudara-na-i

hana-shi-ni jikan-o muda-ni-suru-na

insist.[ shu-cho-suru ] ex. He insists that he will go alone. =

kare-wa hito-ri-de

yuku-to shu-chd-shite-iru

inspect.[ shira-beru, kensa-suru ] ex. Have you inspected the engine of my car? =

watashi-no

kuruma-no en-jin-o shira-be-mashi-ta-ka

inspector.[ kensa-kan 】 inspire.[ geki-re-i-suru, hage-masu ] sense-i-tachiwa mo-tto benkyo-suru yoni watashi-tach卜〇 hagemashi-ta

ex. The teachers inspired us to study harder. =

instance.[ re-i

】

ex. This is only a rare instance. =

desu

咏

for instance =

tato-eba

kore-wa mare-na re-iI love sports : for instance,

watashi-wa su-potsu-ga suki-desu, tato-eba，su-i-e-i，tenisu sore-kara basuke-tto-boru-desu

swimming, tennis and basketball. =

instant.[ shu-n-kan, sugu-no] 跋

instant death =

soku-shi

instead.[ kawari-ni ] ex. I will go there instead. =

watashi-ga kawari-ni soko-e

yuki-masu

instinct.[ hon-no, tense-i ] ex. Don’t do things only by instinct. =

hon-no dake-de

mono-goto-o suru-na

institute.[ kyo-iku kikan ] a cancer research institute = Institute =

gan kenkyu-jo

the Art

bi-jutsu ka-ikan

instruct.[ o-shi-eru, shira-seru 1 ex. My brother instructed me on how to change a tire. =

144

ani-ga

instruction-intend watashi-ni ta-iya-no kokan-no sh卜kata-o o-shi-etekureta

instruction.[ kyoju, sashi-zu ] ex. I receive instructions in art from her. = watashi-wa ka-

nojo-kara bi-jutsu-no kyoju-o u-kete-iru

instructive.[ tame-ni naru, yQ-eki-na, yaku-ni tatsu ] ex. This book is both interesting and instructive. = kono hon-

wa omo-shiroku mata tame-nimo naru

instructor.[ shido-sha, kyoshi ] instrument.[ dogu, kigu ] 防

musical instrument = ga-kki

insult.[ bujoku-suru, bujoku ] ex. It is very bad to insult people. = hito-o bujoku-suru-no-

wa ta-ihen waru-i Her words are an insult to our family.= ka-nojo-no kotoba-wa waga-ya-ni ta-i-suru bujoku-dearu

insurance.[ hoken, hoken-kin ] ex. He received a large amount of insurance for his burnt house. =kare-wa uchi-ga yake-te ta-gaku-no hoken-kin-o

uke-to-tta

insure.[ hosho-suru ] intellectual.[ chi-teki-na, shiko-so-na ]

some-i-na,

ka-

ex. The boy has an intellectual face. = sono shonen-wa

some-i-na ka-o-o shite-iru

intelligence.[ chi-no, joho] intelligent.[ chise-i-no aru ] ex. Man is an intelligent being. = nin-gen-wa chise-i-no aru

dd-butsu-desu

intend.[ suru tsumori-de-aru, yote-i-de-aru ] ex. He intends to go hiking. = kare-wa ha-i-kingu-ni yuku

tsumori-de-aru

These books are intended for boys.=

145

intense-international korera-no hon-wa shonen-muki-de-aru

intense.[ hage-shi-i, kyo-retsu-na ] 琢

an intense person = jo-netsu-ka

intensive.[ shuchu-teki-na, te-tte-i-teki-na ] isr intensive study = te-tte-i-teki kenkyO

=shucho iryo

咏

该

intensive care

intensive reading = se-i-doku

intent.[ ne-tchu-shite ] ex. He is intent on learning English. = kare-wa e-igo-no

benkyo-ni ne-tchd-shite-iru

intention.[ ito, i-shi, ki-mochi ] ex. He has no intention of coming. = kare-wa kuru i-shi-wa

na-i He told a lie with no intention of doing so. = kare-wa uso-o tsuku ki-mochi-ga na-i-noni uso-o i-tte-shima-tta

interest.[ kyomi, kan-shin, rishi ] ex. I have an interest in Japanese language. = watashi-wa

nihon-go-ni kyomi-ga aru

interesting.[ omo-shiro-i ] ex. It is an interesting novel for young girls. = sore-wa waka-i

on-na-no-ko-ni to-tte omo-shiro-i sho-setsu-desu

interfere.[ kan-sho-suru, boga-i-suru ] ex. You have no right to interfere with me. = a-nata-niwa

watashi-o boga-i-suru kenri-wa na-i

Don’t interfere in my

business. = watashi-no shi-goto-ni kan-sho-shi-na-i-de-

kudasa-i

interior.[ na-ibu-no, okuchi-no] ex. They traveled the inferior of Africa. = karera-wa A-fu-

rika-no okuchi-e ryoko-shita na-imu-sho

^ the Ministry of Interior =

internal.[ na-ibu-no, koku-na-i-no ] ex. The country’s internal troubles come to an end at last.=

sono koni-no koku-na-i monda-i-wa ya-tto kata-zu-ita

international.[ koku-sa-i-teki-na ] ex. The international conference will be held in Tokyo next year.

146

interpret-invade =sono koku-sa-i-ka-igi-wa ra-i-nen Tokyo-de hirakare-masu

interpret.[ ka-i-shaku-suru, tsuyaku-suru ] ex. How should I interpret this sentence? = kono bu-n-shO-o

do ka-i-shaku-shitara yo-i-no-dard I interpreted what the American said to the audience. = watashi-wa sono amerika-jin-ga choshu-ni i-tta koto-o tsuyaku-shita

interrupt.[ sa-e-giru, suru ]

jama-suru,

chudan-

ex. May I interrupt you for a moment? = cho-tto o-hana-shi-

no jama-o shite-mo yo-i-desu-ka

interval.[ kan-kaku, a-ima] ex. The trees are planted at ten-foot intervals. = ki-wa ji-ffito

kan-kaku-ni u-e-rareta

interview.[ ka-iken ] intimate.[ shita-shi-i ] ex. I was once intimate with him. = watashi-wa katsu-te

kare-to shita-shika-tta

跋

an intimate friend = shin-yO

introduce.[ shoka-i-suru ] ex. He introduced her to his parents. = kare-wa ka-nojo-o

ryoshin-ni shoka-i-shita

introduction.[ shoka-i, jobu-n, nyumon ] ex. Do you have a letter of introduction? = a-nata-wa shoka-

i-jo-o mo-tte-i-masu-ka

I advise you to read the book “An

Introduction to Japanese.” = watashi-wa a-nata-ni rnihon-

go nyumonj -to yO hon-o yomu yoni su-sume-masu

intrude ••••••[ shin-nyu-suru, jama-suru ] ex. A stranger intruded into my room. = mi-shira-nu hito-ga

watashi-no heya-ni shin-nyO-shita Don’t intrude on me when I am studying. = benkyo-shite-iru toki-wa jama-shina-i-de-kudasa-i

invade.[ shin-nyu-suru, oso-u ] ex. The enemy invaded the island. = teki-wa sono shima-ni

147

invalid-invitation shin-nyu-shita ex. Our rights have been invaded. = wareware-no kenri-ga shinga-i-sarete-iru

invalid.[ byojaku-na-hito] ex. He became an invalid following his unfortunate automobile accident. = kare-wa fukd-na kotsO-jiko-no ato byojaku-

ni na-tta

invariably.[ a-i-kawarazu, i-tsumo] ex. My father is invariably calm. = watashi-no chichi-wa i-

tsumo re-ise-i-de-aru

invent.[ hatsu-me-i-suru, tsukuri-a-geru ] ex. The boy invented a new machine. = sono shonen-wa a-

tara-shi-i kika-i-o hatsu-me-i-shita

invention.[ hatsu-me-i, tsukuri-goto] ex. Necessity is the mother of invention. (Proverb) = hitsu-yd-

wa hatsu-me-i-no haha (kotowaza) His story is a pure in¬ vention. =kare-no hana-shi-wa ma-ttaku-no tsukurigoto-desu

inventor.[ hatsu-me-i-sha] invest.[ toshi-suru ] ex. The rich man invested 1,000,000 yen in stocks. = sono

kane-mochi-wa kabu-ni hyaku-man-yen-o Wshi-shita

investigate.[ chosa-suru, kenkyu-suru ] ex. The committee investigated the cause of the accident. = /-

in-ka-i-wa jiko gen-in-o chosa-shita

investigation.[ chosa, kenkyQ ] ex. The matter is under investigation. = sono monda-i-wa

chDsa-chO-desu

%

invisible.[ me-ni mi-e-na-i ] ex. Many stars are invisible to the naked eye. = o-oku-no

hoshi-wa niku-gan-dewa mi-e-na-i

invitation.[ shota-i ] ex. I accepted an invitation to his birthday party. = watashi-wa

kare-no tanjo-bi-no patT-no shota-i-o u-keta

148

invite-item

invite.[ shota-i-suru ] ex. How nice of you to invite me to your wedding! = ke-kkon-

shiki-ni shdta-i-shite-kurete arigato!

iron.[ tetsu ] irony.[ hi-niku, fushi ] irregular.[ fu-ki-soku-na, dara-shi-na-i ] ex. The boy was irregular in his attendance at school. = sono

shonen-wa ga-kko-no shu-sseki-ga fu-ki-soku-da-tta

irrespective.[ kakawari-naku, kanke-i-naku ] ex. Any person, irrespective of age, may join the club. = dare-

demo nenre-i-ni kanke-i-naku kurabu-ni ha-ire-masu

irresponsible.[ mu-seki-nin-na ] irritate.[ ira-ira-sa-seru, hara-o tate-ru ] ex. The radio music was so loud it irritated me. = raji-o-no on-

gaku-ga amari-ni uru-saku-te watashi-wa ira-ira-shita

is.[〜de aru, desu ] ex. He is a clever boy. = kare-wa ka-shiko-i shonen-desu

island.[ shima ] isobar.[ to-atsu-sen ] isolate.[ koritsu-sa-seru, bu-nri-suru ] ex. This village becomes isolated by snow in winter. = kono

mura-wa fuyu-ni naru-to yuki-no se-i-de koritsu-shimasu

isolation.[ koritsu, bu-nri ] issue.[ dete-kuru, ha-kko-suru ] ex. The publisher issues ten kinds of magazines. = sono shu-

ppan-sha-wa ji-sshuru-i-no za-sshi-o ha-kko-shiteiru ^ New Year’s issue = shin-nen-go

it.[ sore-wa, sore-o ] itch.[ kayu-i ] Italy ••••■• [ i-tari-a ] item.[ komoku, hin-moku, shin-bu-n kiji ] iht item by item = komoku-goto-ni

跋

a news item =

149

itinerary-iww nyOsu kiji

itinerary.[ ryoko ni-tte-i, ryoko an-na-i ] itty-bitty.[ chi-tcha-i ] ■TV …. •• instructional television = kyo-iku terebi ivory.[ zoge ] **• a collection of carved ivories = zoge-no chOkoku-hin-no

shasha

ivory tower.[ zoge-no to] ivy.[ tsuta ] IWW •• •• Industrial Workers of the World = seka-i san-gyo rDdd-sha kumi-a-i

jack.[ ja-kki, mochi-a-geru ] Jack ex. All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. (Proverb)=

benkyo-bakari-shite a-soba-na-i-to kodomo-wa bakani naru (kotowaza)

jacket.[ uwagi, jake-tto ] jack-o’-lantern.[ kabo-cha chochin ] jail.[ ke-imu-sho] January.[ ichi-gatsu ] ex. It is rather warm for January. = ich-gatsu-no wari-niwa

ata-taka-i

Japan.[ nihon ] ex. Japan is famous for its cherry blossoms and Mt. Fuji.=

nihon-wa sakura-no hana-to Fuji-san-de yOme-i-desu

Japanese.[nihon-no, nihon-jin-no, nihon-go] ex. Some Japanese customs are strange to Europeans. = nihon-

no shukan-no aru mono-wa ydro-ppa-jin-ni to-tte-wa fu-shigi-de-aru He is said to be a second generation Japanese. = kare-wa ni-se-i nihon-jin-da-to iwareteiru What is the Japanese for “diligent = diligent (kinben-na)-ni a-taru nihon-go-wa nan-desu-ka ”？

jar.[ bin, tsubo] ex. Pass me the jar of jam. = jamu-no bin-o to-tte-kudasa-i

jaw.[ ago ] ex. He hit me on the lower jaw. = kare-wa watashi-no shita-

ago-o nagu-tta

jealous.[ shi-tto-buka-i, urayan-de ] ex. His wife is very jealous. = kare-no tsuma-wa to-temo

shi-tto-buka-i 151

jealousy-joyful

jealousy.[ shi-tto, neta-mi ] ex. He said such a thing out of jealousy. = kare-wa neta-mi-

kara son-na koto-o i-tta-noda

jest.[ jodan, hiyaka-shi ] ex. I told a lie half in jest. = watashi-wa jodan-han-bu-n-de

uso-o i-tta Don’t make a jest of her. = ka-nojo-o karakattewa ike-na-i

jewel.[ hoseki ] ex. Ladies want to wear jewels. = jose-i-wa hoseki-o mi-ni

tsuke-taga-ru

job.[ shi-goto] ex. Sweeping rooms is my job. = heya-o soji-suru-no-ga

watashi-no shi-goto-desu

join.[ sanka-suru, kuwawaru ] ex. Will you join us? = nakama-ni ha-iri-masen-ka

joint.[ kan-setsu, tsugi-me ] ex. His shoulder is out of joint. = kare-no kata-ga hazure-ta

joke.[ jodan ] ex. Don’t take jokes seriously. = jodan-o ma-ni-u-kete-wa

ike-na-i He said so half in joke. = kare-wa jodan-hanbu-n-de so i-tta-noda

jolly.[ tano-shi-i ] ex. We had a jolly time. = watashi-tachi-wa tano-shi-i toki-

o sugo-shita tenki-da-tta

It was jolly weather. = ki-mochi-no yo-i

journal.[ za-sshi ] journalism.[ janari-zumu, shin-bu-n-gyoka-i ] ex. He entered journalism. = kare-wa shin-bu-n-kisha-ni

na-tta

journey.[ ryoko ] ex. She went on a journey to Europe. = ka-nojo-wa yoro-

ppa-e ryoko-ni deka-keta

joyful.[ tano-shiso-na, ure-shi-i, tano-shi-i ] 152

judea-just

ex. She has a joyful look. = ka-nojo-wa tano-shiso-na kao-o

goto

shite-iru 球 a joyful event = tano-shi-i deki跋 a joyful heart = tano-shi-i kokoro

Judea.[ yudaya ] judge.[ sa-iban-kan, sa-iban-suru, han-dansuru ] ex. It is dangerous to judge others by their appearances. = ta-

nin-o ga-iken-de han-dan-suru-no-wa kiken-desu

judgement.[ sa-iban, han-dan, kanga-e ] ex. In my judgement she is about thirty. = watashi-no kanga-

e-dewa ka-nojo-wa san-ju-ssa-i-desho

juice.[ jusu ] ex. Which do you like better, fruit juice or coffee? = jusu-to

kohT-dewa dochira-ga suki-desu-ka

July.[ shichi-gatsu ] ex. The fourth of July is Independence Day. = shichi-gatsu

yo-kka-wa doku-ritsu ki-nen-bi-de-aru

jump.[ tobu, tobi-ko-eru ] ex. Even a boy can jump this brook. = kodomo-de-sa-e

kono o-gawa-o tobi-ko-eru koto-ga dekiru She jumped for joy at the sight. = ka-nojo-wa sono koke-i-o mite tobiaga-tte yorokon-da

June.[ roku-gatsu ] ex. Roses begin to bloom in June. = roku-gatsu-niwa bara-

ga saki-hajime-masu

junior.[ toshi-shita-no, koha-i ] ex. She is three years junior to me. = ka-nojo-wa watashi-

yori san-sa-i toshi-shita-desu He is my junior by three years. = kare-wa watashi-no san-nen koha-i-da

jury.[ ba-i-shin-in ] ex. The jury were divided in opinion. = ba-卜shin-in-wa iken-

ga waka-reta

just.[ cho-tto, chodo] 153

justice-juvenile ex. It is just five o’clock. = chodo go-j•卜desu

Just come

here. = cho-tto koko-e kite-kudasa-i

justice.[ se-igi, kohe-i ] 防

sense of justice = se-igi-kan

ex. The press fought for jus¬

tice against force. = shin-bu-n-wa se-igi-no tame-ni

boryoku-to tataka-tta

justify.[ se-ito-ka-suru, benka-i-suru ] ex. You are justified in doing so. = kimi-ga so suru-no-wa

Wzen-da He justified himself for his conduct. = kare-wa jibu-n-no oko-na-i-o benka-i-shita

jut.[ to-sshutsu-butsu ] juvenile.[ shonen-shojo-no, kodomo-rashi-i ] 琢

J

154

juvenile literature = jido bu-n-gaku

IX keen.[ surudo-i, ne-sshin-na ] ex. He is keen on tennis. = kare-wa tenisu-ga da-i-suki-

da iru

He is keen to see you. = kare-wa kimi-ni a-i-taga-tte-

keep.[ mo-tte-iru, ka-u, mamo-ru ] ex. May I keep this magazine? = watashi-wa kono hon-o

mo-tte-ite-mo i-i-desu-ka We keep a dog. = watashitacM-wa inu-o ka-tte-iru You must keep your promise.= a-nata-wa yaku-soku-o mamo-ra-neba-nara-na-i This meat will keep till tomorrow. = kono niku-wa asu-made motsu-desho

keeper.[ kanri-nin ] ex. A keeper at the zoo takes care of the animals. = dd-butsu-

en-no kanri-nin-wa dd-butsu-no sewa-o suru

kettle.[ kama, yakan ] ex. The kettle is boiling. = yakan-ga wa-ite-iru

key.[ kagi, hi-ketsu ] ex. The key to good health is to eat moderately. = kenko-no

hi-ketsu-wa hara-hachi-bu-ni shite-oku koto-desu

kick.[ keru ] ex. The horse kicked my dog. = sono uma-wa watashi-no

inu-o ke-tta

kid.[ koyagi,

koyagi-no

kawa,

kodomo

(=child)]

kill.[ korosu, tsubu-su ] ex. She killed herself with poison. = ka-nojo-wa doku-o

nonde ji-satsu-shita

Many men were killed in the railway

accident. = o-oku-no hito-ga tetsu-do-jiko-de shibo-

shita

He took a walk to kill time. = kare-wa jikan-tsubu-

155

kind-kitten shi-ni sanpo-shita

kind1.[shin-setsu-na, yasa-shi-i ] ex. Be kind to the old. = rojin-niwa shin-setsu-ni shi-nasa-

i It is kind of you to say so. = so i-tte-kurete arigato

kind2.[ shuru-i ] 跋

many kinds of flowers = taku-san-no shuru-i-no hana

ex. What kind of man is he? = kare-wa don-na hito-desu-

ka Coal is a kind of stone. = sekitan-wa i-sshu-no i-shidesu

kindly.[ shin-setsu-nimo, dozo] ex. Will you kindly open the door? = dozo do-a-o akete-

kure-masen-ka

跋

a kindly look = yasa-shi-i hyojo

kindness.[ shin-setsu, shin-setsu-na ko-i ] ex. He lent me some money out of kindness. = kare-wa shin-

setsu-shin-kara kane-o ikuraka watashi-ni ka-shitekureta He showed me many kindnesses. = kare-wa watashi-ni iro-iro shin-setsu-ni shite-kure-ta

king.[ o, kokuo] 防

an oil king = seki-yu-d

跋

king of beasts = hyaku-jO-

no o (= lion)

kingdom.[ okoku, ~ ka-i ] ^ the Kingdom of Sweden = Su-eden okoku kingdom = dd-butsu-ka-i

5 the animal

膝

kiss.[ kisu, se-ppun ] ex. He stole a kiss from me. = kare-wa watashi-ni ko-ssori

kisu-o shita

kitchen.[ da-i-dokoro, chori-ba ] ex. She is cooking in the kitchen. = ka-nojo-wa da-i-

dokoro-de ryOri-o shite-i-masu

kite.[ tako, tonbi ] ex. He is fond of flying a kite. = kare-wa tako-age-ga suki-

desu

kitten.[ ko-neko] 156

knapsack-korea

ex. She keeps a kitten. = ka-nojo-wa ko-neko-o ka-tte-iru

knapsack.[ na-ppuza-kku ] knave.[ goro-tsuki ] knee.[ hiza] ex. I prayed on my knees. = watashi-wa hizama-zu-i-te

ino-tta

kneel.[ hizama-zuku ] knit.[ amu ] ex. She is knitting gloves. = ka-nojo-wa tebu-kuro-o ande-

iru

knock.[ tataku, utsu, no-kku-suru ] ex. Knock at the door before you come in. = ha-iru ma-e-ni

do-a-o no-kku-shi-nasa-i

knot.[ musu-bi-me ] know.[ shi-tte-iru, wakaru ] ex. I know him very well. = watashi-wa kare-o yoku shi-

tte-iru. I knew him at once. = sugu kare-da-to wakatta He is known as a great scholar. = kare-wa ida-i-na gakusha-to-shite shira-rete-iru

know-how.[ shi-goto-no hi-ketsu ] 防

business know-how = shi-goto-no hi-ketsu

knowledge.[ chi-shiki, nin-shiki ] 跋

a knowledge of good and evil = zen-aku-no nin-shiki

Korea.[ chosen ] the Republic of Korea = da-ikan min-koku (mi-nami chosen) ^ the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea = chosen min-shu shugi jin-min kyowa-koku (kitachosen) 跟

157

label.[ ra-beru ] labor, labour.[ rodo] 跋

labor union = rodo kumi-a-i

laboratory.[ ji-kken-shitsu, kenkyu-jo] ex. He spent most of his time in the chemical laboratory.=

kare-wa da-i-bubu-n-no jikan-o kagaku-ji-kken-shitsude sugo-shita

laborer, labourer.[ rodo-sha ] 跋

a day laborer = hi-yato-i rodo-sha

lack.[ ketsu-bo, fu-soku ] ex. He has no lack of money. = kare-wa kane~ni fu-soku-

shi-na-i The plants died for lack of water. = sono shokubutsu-wa mizu-bu-soku-de kareta He lacks in common sense. = kare-wa joshiki-o kaku

lad.[ waka-i otoko, shonen, se-i-shonen ] (科

lass = shojo)

ladder.[ ha-shigo] lady.[ fujin ] ex. Ladies and gentlemen! = mina-san!

lake.[ mizu-umi ] the Great Lake = go-da-i-ko

防

Lake Biwa = biwa-ko

lamb.[ ko-hi-tsuji ] lame.[ a-shi-no waru-i ] ex. His son is lame in the right leg. = kare-no mu-suko-wa

migi-a-shi-ga fu-jiyo-desu

lament.[ kana-shimi, kana-shimu ] ex. Nothing could stop her lamenting. = nani-mo ka-nojo-no

kana-shimi-o nagu-sa-meru koto-wa deki-naka-tta

land.[ riku, riku-chi, chaku-riku-suru ] 158

landlord-late

ex. The airplane landed safely. = hiko-ki-wa buji chaku-

riku-shita

landlord.[ ji-nushi ] landscape.[ fuke-i, ke-shiki ] ex. We looked out over the lovely landscape. = watashi-tachi-

wa u-tsuku-sh卜i fdke-i-o mi-watashi-ta

lane.[ ko-michi ] language.[ kotoba,〜go ] ex. It is not easy to master a foreign language. = ga-i-koku-

go-o masuta-suru-no-wa yo-i-de-na-i Watch your lan¬ guage. =kotoba-zuka-i-ni ki-o tsuke-nasa-i

languish.[ genki-ga naku-naru, shi-oreru ] ex. The leaves languished from lack of water. = ha-wa mizu-

bu-soku-de shi-oreta

lap1.[hiza ] ex. I held the baby on my lap. = watashi-wa aka-chan-o

hiza-ni nose-ta lap2.[ i-sshu, hito-mawari ] ex. How many laps did you run? = a-nata-wa nan-shu hashiri-mashi-ta-ka

lapse.[ ke-ika ] ex. We met after a lapse of ten years. = watashi-tachi-wa jO-

nen-go-ni a-i-mashi-ta

large.[ o-oki-i ] ex. This coat is too large for me. = kono koto-wa watashi-

niwa o-oki-sugi-ru

lark.[ hibari ] lass.[ waka-i on-na, shojo] last.[ sa-igo-no, tsuzu-ku ] ^ at last = tsu-i-ni ex. The meeting lasted till ten. = sono ka-igo-wa ju-ji-made tsuzu-ita

late.[ okureta, naku-na-tta ] ex. I was late for school this morning. = watashi-wa kesa ga-

159

lately-lawyer kko-ni okureta My late father was a scholar. = watashi-no naku-na-tta chichi-wa gakusha-da-tta

lately.[ sa-ikin ] ex. It has not rained lately. = sa-ikin ame-ga fura-na-i

later.[ oso-ku, ato-de ] ex. He arrived two hours later than I. = kare-wa watashi-yori

ni-jikan oso-ku tsu-ita

latest.[ sa-ikin-no] ex. We have received the latest news from Washington. = ware-

ware-wa Wa-shinton-kara sa-ikin-no nyusu-o uke-to-tta

latitude.[ ido ]卜 longitude = ke-ido、 laugh.[ wara-u ] ex. We all laughed loudly. = watashi-tachi-wa o-o-go-e-de

wara-tta We had a good laugh at his joke. = watashi-tachiwa kare-no jodan-ni o-o-wara-i-shita

laughter.[ wara-i, wara-i-go-e ] ex. We heard sound of laughter in the next room. = watashi-

tachi-wa tonari-no heya-no wara-i-go-e-o ki-ita

laundry.[ sen-taku-mono, sen-taku-ya ] ex. Send this coat to the laundry. = kono koto-o sen-taku-

ya-ni dashi-te-kudasa-i Has the laundry come back?= sen-taku-mono-wa modori-mashi-ta-ka

laurel.[ ge-kke-i-kan ] law.[ horitsu, hosoku, hoki ] ex. It is the duty of everybody to obey the law. = hOritsu-ni shi-

taga-u-no-wa su-bete-no hito-no gimu-de-aru

lawful.[ se-ito-na, goho-teki-na ] ex. It is lawful for him to use the land. = kare-ga sono tochi-

o shiyo-suru~no-wa se-itd-da

lawn.[ shiba-fu ] ex. Keep off the lawn. = shiba-fu-ni ha-iru-bekarazu

lawsuit.[ sosho] lawyer ••••••[ bengo-shi ] 160

lay-league

ex. He studied law and became a lawyer. =

kare-wa horitsu-o

benkyo-shite bengo-sh卜ni na-tta

lay.[ oku, ta-mago(=

egg卜0

umu

ex. She laid her head on my shoulder. =

]

ka-nojo-wa a-tama-

o watashi-no kata-ni no-seta That hen lays an egg almost everyday. = sono men-dori-wa ho-tondo ma-i-nichi tamago-o umu lay out = se-kke-i-suru The hill is laid out as a small park. = sono oka-wa sho-ko-en-to-shite se-kke-i-sareta 防

laze.[ nora-kura kurasu ] lazy.[ bu-sho-na, nama-kete

] (* diligent =

kin-

ben-na) ^ in a lazy way =

dara-dara-to

lead.[ michi-biku, kurasu ] karera-o naka-e ire-nasa-i He led a kare-wa 卜naka-de shizuka-ni kura-shita What led you to think so? = nani-ga kimi-o so omo-u yoni shita-no-desu-ka 球 lead off 〜=〜o haji-

ex. Lead them in. =

quiet life in the country. =

meru,〜no kuchi-bi-o kiru

He always leads the conversa¬

tion off to some other topic. =

kare-ga i-tsumo kuchi-bi-o

ki-tte wada-i-o ka-e-masu

leader.[ shido-sha, rTda ] leadership.[ shido-ryoku, shido] ex. Kennedy showed great leadership. =

Kennedy-wa ida-i-

na shidd-ryoku-o ha-kki-shita

leading.[ omo-na, ichi-ryu-no] ex. The Prime Minister visited the leading countries of Europe.=

shu-sho-wa yoro-ppa-no omo-na shita 球 leading part = shu-yaku

kuni-o

hdmon-

leaf.[ ha] ter a dead leaf =

kare-ha

防

fallen leaves =

ochi-ba

league.[ ren-me-i ] ex. The League of Nations was formed in 1920. =

koku-sa-i-

161

leak-leave ren-me-i-wa 1920-nen-ni ke-sse-i-sareta

leak.[ more-ru, more, mora-su ] a water leak = mizu-more

joho-ga more-ta

ex. The news leaked out.=

I leaked the plan to the press. = watashi-

wa ke-i-kaku-o shin-bu-n-ni mora-shita

leakproof.[ more-boshi-no] lean1.[yase_ta fat = futo-tta) lean".[ yori-kakaru, mota-reru ] ](科

ex. Don’t lean on my arm. =

kakara-na-i-de-kudasa-i

watashi-no ude-ni yori-

You lean on him too much. = a-

nata-wa kare-no tasuke-ni tayori-su-gite-iru

leap.[ tobu, ha-neru ] ex. The frog leapt into the water. = ka-eru-wa mizu-no

naka-ni tobi-konda

learn.[ ma-nabu, naru ]

obo-eru,

shiru,

suru-yoni

ex. How many subjects do you learn at school? = a-nafa-wa

ga-kkd-de ikutsu-no ka-moku-o nara-i-masu-ka ter learn by heart = anki-suru

You must learn this poem by

heart. = a-nafa-wa kono shi-o anki-shi-nake-reba-nara-

na-i

You will learn to respect him before long. = a-nata-wa

sono-uchi kare-o sonke-i-suru yOni naru-desho

learned.[ gaku-mon-no-aru ] 防

the learned = gakusha-tachi

akaru-i,〜ni kuwa-shi-i

跋

be learned in

n/

〜=〜

ex. He is learned in astronomy.=

kare-wa ten-mon-gaku-ni kuwa-shi-i ty =ga-kka-i

防

a learned socie¬

*

learning.[ gaku-mon ] least.[ mo-ttomo suku-na-i ] ^ at least = suku-naku-tomo

leather.[ na-meshi-gawa ] leave1.[saru, wasu-reru, ku] 162

mama-n•卜 shite-o-

leave-length ex. When did he leave Paris? = kare-wa itsu pari-o sari-

mashi-ta-ka

Don’t leave the door open. = to-o aketa-

mama-ni shite-oka-na-卜de-kudasa-i

leave2.[ kyoka, yurushi, kyQka, wakare (= farewell)] 防

without leave = kyoka nashi-ni

take leave of = wa~

kare-o yu

leave-taking.[ i-toma-go-i ] lecture.[ kogi ] 跋

a lecture on literature = bu-n-gaku-no kogi

leek.[ nira ] leer.[ yoko-me, iro-me ] ex. He leered at me as I passed. = kare-wa watashi-ga to-

ori-sugi-ru-no-o yoko-me-de mita

left.[ hi-dari, hi-dari-no ]

(•*♦ right = migi, migi-no)

ex. My uncle writes with his left hand. = watashi-no oji-wa

hi-dari-te-de ji-o kaku

Keep to the left. = hi-dari-gawa

tsuko

leg.[ a-shi ] ex. Don’t sit with your legs crossed. = a-shi-o ku-nde koshi-

ka-keru-na

legal.[ horitsu-no, goho-teki, hote-i ] * legal fares = hote-i ryOkin

晚

rishi

球

跋

legal interest = hote-i

legal activities = goho katsu-do

legislation.[ horitsu, ri-ppo] ex. It is contrary to the spirit of legislation. = sore-wa ri-ppo-

no se-i-shin-ni han-suru

leisure.[ hima ] ex. I want more leisure time. = mo-tto hima-na jikan-ga

hoshi-i

I have more leisure in the morning. = watashi-wa

asa-no ho-ga hima-ga aru

lend.[ kasu borrow = kari-ru、 length.[ naga-sa, tate ] ](料

163

lengthen-library ex. The length of this stick is five inches. = kono bo-no naga-

sa-wa go-inchi-desu

lengthen.[ naga-ku suru

]

shorten = mijika-ku

suru) 防

lengthen a skirt = su-kato-o naga-ku suru

lessen.[ suku-naku suru, hera-su ] ex. You should lessen your load or you may not be able to carry it very far. = ni-motsu-o hera-sa-na-i-to to-oku-made mo-

tte ike-na-i-kamo-shire-na-i-yo

lesson.[ ju-gyo, ke-iko] ex. How many lessons do you have in the afternoon? = gogo-

wa nan-jikan ju-gyo-ga ari-masu-ka

Let’s begin at Les¬

son 3. = da-i-san-ka-kara hajime-yo

let.[〜sa-seru, shiyo, shi-masho] ex. Let’s go for a swim. = oyogi-ni yuko

Let’s play cards.=

to-ranpu-o shi-masho.

letter.[ te-gami, moji, ji ] ex. I wrote a letter of introduction to Mr. White. = watashi-wa

howa-ito-san-ni shdka-i-jO-o kaki-mashi-ta

level.[ su-ihe-i-ni suru, su-ihe-i ] ex. We levelled the tennis court this afternoon. = watashi-

tachi-wa kyd-no gogo te-nisu-kdto-o nara-shita

liable.[〜shi-yasu-i ] ex. He is liable to catch cold. = kare-wa kaze-o hiki-yasu-i

liar.[ uso-tsuki ] liberal.[ kima-e-no yo-i, jiyu-shugi-no] ex. My uncle is liberal with his money. = watashi-no oji-wa

o-kane-niwa

00-raka-de-aru

liberty.[ jiyO】 ex. You have the liberty to use this telephone. = anata-wa

kono denwa-o jiyO-ni tsuka-tte yo-i

library.[ tosho-kan ] ex. Our library has a large reading room. = watashi-tachi-no

164

license-light tosho-kan-niwa o-o-kina doku-sho-shitsu-ga ari-masu

license, licence.[ kyoka, menkyo-jo, menkyosho] ex. It is prohibited except under special license. = sore-wa

toku-betsu-no kyoka-ga na-i-to deki-masen

lick.[ na-meru ] ex. The cat licked the dish clean. = neko-wa sara-o kire-i-ni

na-meta

lid.[ futa] ex. Put the lid on the box. = hako-ni futa-o shi-nasa-i

lie1.[yoko-tawaru, aru ] ex. The cat was lying on the floor. = neko-ga yuka-ni yoko-

tawa-tte-ita en-jin-ni aru

The trouble lies in the engine. = kosho-wa You had better lie down for a while. = suko-

shi yoko-ni na-tta ho-ga yo-i

lie2.[ uso-o tsuku ] ex. It is not good to tell a lie. = uso-o tsuku-no-wa yoku-na-

i

He lied about his former life. = kare-wa i-zen-no se-i-

katsu-ni tsu-ite uso-o tsu-ita

life.[ se-i-katsu, i-ssho, ka-kki, iki-mono, inochi ] ex. Which do you prefer, town life or country life? = a-nata-wa

machi-no se-i-katsu-to i-naka-no se-i-katsu-to dochira-ga suki-desu-ka

Everything is full of life. = su-

bete-ga ka-kki-ni michi-te-iru.

You have seen nothing of

life. = a-nata-wa ma-ttaku seken-shira-zu-da

There is

no life on the moon. = tsuki-niwa iki-mono-ga ina-i

lifetime.[ shoga-i ] lift.[ mochi-a-geru ] light.[ hikari, hi, akaru-i, karu-i ] ex. We saw the lights of the town in the distance. = to-oku-ni

machi-no akari-ga mi-eta

It is now six o’clock but still

light. = mo roku-ji-daga mada akaru-i

I had a light meal

165

lighten—limit this morning. = watashi-wa kesa karu-i shoku-ji-o to-tta

lighten.[ karuku suru, karuku naru ] ex. My heart lightened when I heard his voice. = kare-no koe-o ki-ita-toki watashi-no kokoro-wa karuku na-tta

lightly.[ karuku ] ex. The wind was blowing lightly from the south. = kaze-wa

mi-nami-kara karuku fu-ite-ita

lightning.[ ina-zuma, kami-nari ] ex. The factory was struck by lightning. = sono kojo-ni kami-

nari-ga ochi-ta

like.[ suki-desu, ~ shi-ta-i, nite-iru, ra-shi-i ] ex. I like swimming. = watashi-wa su-i-e-i-ga suki-da

I

would like to go to the concert with you. = watashi-wa a-

nata-to kon-sato-ni yuki-ta-i “I like my tea sweet.” =

desu-kaj desuj

“How do you like your tea?”

rkocha-wa don-na-no-ga suki-

watashi-wa kocha-wa ama-i-no-ga suki-

「

The sisters are as like as two peas. = sono shima-i-

wa uri-futa-tsu-da

likely.[〜shiso-de-aru ] ex. He is not likely to come. = kare-wa kisd-mo-na-i

It is

likely to rain. = ame-ga furi-so-de-aru

likewise.[ o-naji yoni ] ex. Watch me and do likewise. = watashi-o mite o-naji yoni

shi-nasa-i

liking.[ kono-mi ] ex. It is much to my liking. = sore-wa to-temo ki-ni-i-tta

lily ……[yuri ]

,

ex. Be as pure as a lily. = yuri-no yoni ju-n-ketsu-de-are

limb.[ te-a-shi ] ex. My brother lost a limb in the accident. = ani-wa jiko-de a-

shi-o naku-shita

limit.[ genka-i, han-i, kagi-ri ] ex. There is a limit to my patience. = watashi-no ninta-i-nimo

166

limitation-little

kagi-ri-ga ari-masu

I’m willing to help you, within limits.=

dekiru han-i-de o-tasuke-shi-masu

limitation.[ genka-i，se-igen ] ex. I know my limitations well. =

watashi-wa jibu-n-no

genka-i-o yoku shi-tte-iru

limp.[ a-shi-o hikizuru ] ex. He limped all the way home. = kare-wa i-e-made zu-

tto-ashi-o hikizu-tte i-tta

line.[ sen, gyo, koro] ex. The children are standing in a line. = kodomo-tachi-wa

ichi-retsu-ni naran-de-iru ppa koro

球

the European line = yoro-

Let’s drop him a line. = kare-ni tegami-o kako

linger.[ guzu-guzu-suru, dara-dara-suru ] ex. He lingered on outside the room. = kare-wa heya-no

soto-de guzu-guzu-shite-ita

link.[ wa, ren-ketsu-suru, tsuna-garu ] ex. They are linked together by interest. = karera-wa riga-i-

kanke-i-de musu-bi-tsu-ite-iru

lip.[ kuchi-biru ] 琢

a lower (an upper) lip = shita (uwa)-kuchi-biru

ex. I put

a finger to my lips to indicate silence. = watashi-wa shizu-

ka-ni suru yoni kuchi-biru-ni yubi-o a-teta

liquor.[ aru-koru inryo] ex. He is under the influence of liquor. = kare-wa sake-ni

yo-tte-iru

list.[ me-ibo, ichi-ran-hyo, hyo, ri-suto ] ex. Make a list of things you want. = a-nata-ga hoshi-i

mono-no hyo-o tsuku-ri-nasa-i

Is my name listed?=

watashi-no nama-e-wa no-tte-卜masu-ka

listen.[ kiku ] ex. Listen to me. = watashi-no yu koto-o yoku kiki-nasa-i

literature.[ bu-n-gaku ] little •"•••[ chi-isa-i ] 167

live-loiter 防

not a little = suku-na-karazu

live.[ iki-ru, kurasu, sumu ] living-room.[ ima ] loaf.[ kata-mari ] ex. I bought two loaves of bread. = watashi-wa pan-o futa-

tsu ka-tta

loan.[ kasu ] ex. How much will you loan on this watch? = kono toke-i-de

ikura kashi-te-kure-masu-ka

local.[ chiho-no] locate.[ mitsu-keru ] ex. Can you locate Boston on the map? = chizu-de Bosu-ton-

o mitsu-keィare-masu-ka

location.[ ichi, ro-keshon ] ex. The location of the castle is on a high hill. = sono shiro-no

ichi-wa taka-i oka-no u-e-da

lock.[jo] ex. Tom left the key in the lock. = tomu-wa kagi-o jo-ni

tsuke-ta mama-ni-shita

locomotive.[ kikan-sha ] lodge.[ toma-ru, ge-shuku-suru ] ex. I can lodge you for a day or two. = watashi-wa a-nata-o

ichi-nichi-ya futsu-ka-wa tome-rare-masu

lofty.[ hijo-ni taka-i ] ex. The Matterhorn in Switzerland is a lofty mountain. = su-isu-

no Ma-ttB-horun-wa mjo-ni taka-i yama-da

log.[ maru-ta ]

,

ex. He ate like a horse and slept like a log. = kare-wa uma-no

yOni tabe, maru-ta-no yOni nemu-tta

loiter.[ bura-bura aruku, bura-bura sugo-su, bura-tsuku ] ex. Tom loitered about the church. = tomu-wa kyOka-i-no a-

tari-o bura-tsui-ta

168

Don’t loiter away your time. = jikan-o

lonely-lose dara-dara sugo-su-na

lonely.[ hito-ri-bo-tchi-no, sabi-shi-i ] ex. I felt lonely. =

watashi-wa sabi-shika-tta

lonesome.[ sabi-shi-i ] ex. This neighbourhood was very lonesome after dark. =

kono

a-tari-wa hi-ga kure-ru-to hijo-ni sabi-shika-tta

long.[ naga-i ] kono hashi-wa to-temo nagamamo-naku He will come before long. =kare-wa mamo-naku kuru-daro

ex. This bridge is so long! =

i

琢

before long =

longing.[ setsu-bo] ex. We have a great longing for peace. =

wareware-wa he-

iwa-o ta-ihen setsu-bo-shite-iru

look.[ mi-eru, miru ] watashi-ga yu-made miruna I am looking for my hat. = watashi-wa boshi-o sagashite-iru I am looking forward to seeing your uncle.= watashi-wa a-nata-no oji-san-ni a-u-no-o tano-shimi-ni shite-i-masu It looks like rain. = ame-ni nariso-da She has good looks. = ka-nojo-wa kiryo-ga yo-i ex. Don’t look till I tell you. =

loop.[ wa ] 跋

make a loop =

wa-o tsukuィu

loose.r yuru-nda, jiyu-na, dabu-dabu-no] ex. This coat is too loose for me. = kono koto-wa watashi-

niwa dabu-dabu-desu Your shoelace is loose. Tighten it.= kutsu himo-ga yuru-nde-iru-yo ka-taku shime nasa-i

loosen.[ yuru-meru, yuru-mu ] ex. You had better loosen your collar. =

kara-o yuru-meta

ho-ga yo-i

lord.[ shu, kami ] ex. Man is the lord of creation. =

nin-gen-wa ban-butsu-no

re-icho-de-aru

lose.[ naku-su, okureru ] 169

loss-loyal ex. I lost the key to the room. = watashi-wa heya-no kagi-o

naku-shita I lost my way. = watashi-wa michi-ni mayotta We lost the game. = watashi-tachi-wa shi-a-i-ni maketa I don’t mind whether I gain or lose. = watashi-wa toku-o shiyo-to son-o shiyo-to kamawa-na-i

loss.[ son-shitsu, son, ha-i-boku ] ex. Loss of health is more serious than loss of wealth. = kenko-

o soko-neru koto-wa tomi-o naku-su koto-yori joda-ide-aru at a loss = koma-tte-iru I am at a loss for an answer. = watashi-wa kota-e-ni koma-tte-iru ぽ

lot.[ taku-san-no, kuji J ex. I have lots of things to do. = watashi-niwa suru koto-ga

taku-san aru They drew lots as to who should go. = karerawa dare-ga yuku-ka-ni tsu-ite kuji-o hi-ita

loudly.[ o-o-go-e-de ] ex. Don’t speak so loudly. = son-na-ni o-o-go-e-de ha-

nasu-na

love.[ a-i, ko-i, a-i-suru ] ex. She dearly loved her son. = ka-nojo-wa mu-suko-o

fuka-ku a-i-shita

lovely.[ kawa-i-i, su-bara-shi-i, yuka-i-na ] ex. We had a lovely holiday. = watashi-tachi-wa yuka-i-na

kyu-jitsu-o sugo-shita

lover.[ a-iko-sha, ko-i-bito ] ex. This dance is popular with lovers of modern dance. = kono

dansu-wa modan-dansu a-ikd-sha-ni ninki-ga aru high = taka-i) ex. He speaks in a low voice. = kare-wa hiku-i ko-e-de hana-su He buys low and sells high. = kare-wa yasu-ku ka-tte taka-ku uru

low.[ hiku-i, yasu-ku

](科

loyal.[ se-i-jitsu-na, chu-jitsu-na ] ex. We should be loyal to our country. = wareware-wa jibu-

n-no kuni-ni cho-jitsu-de-aru-beki-da

170

luck-lust

luck.[ u-n, ko-u-n ] ex. May you have better luck this time! = kondo-wa go-se-

iko-o ino-ri-masu

lucky.[ u-n-ga yo-i ] luggage.[ te-ni-motsu ] (= baggage) ex. I had my luggage carried by a porter. = watashi-wa te-ni-

motsu-o pota-ni hakon-de-mora-tta

lull.[ osa-maru, nada-meru, shizu-meru ] ex. The storm was lulled. = arashi-ga osa-ma~tta

lullaby.[ ko-mori-uta ] lumber.[ za-i-moku ] ex. He is a dealer in lumber. = kare-wa za-i-moku-ya-desu

luminous.[ hikari-o dasu, akaru-i ] ex. Luminous paint is visible in the dark. = yako toryo-wa

kura-i tokoro-demo mi-eru

lump.[ kata-mari, kobu ] ex. Give me two lumps of sugar. = kaku-zato-o futa-tsu

kudasa-i

lump sugar.[ kaku-zato ] lunch.[ chushoku ] lung.[ ha-i ] ex. Do birds breathe with lungs? = tori-wa ha-i-de kokyO-

shi-masu-ka

lure.[ mi-ryoku ] ex. Young people feel the lure of adventure. = waka-mono-wa

boken-ni mi-ryoku-o kanji-ru

lurk.[ hiso-mu, kakure-te-iru ] ex. Someone is lurking in the dark. = dareka-ga kura-yami-

ni kakure-te-iru

lust.[ tsuyo-i yokubo] ex. He could not gratify his lust for power. = kare-wa ken-

ryoku-ni ta-i-suru yokubo-o manzoku-sa-seru koto-ga deki-naka-tta

171

lusty-lyric

lusty.[ kenko-na, genki-na, jobu-na, o-okina] 跋

a lusty child = jobu-na kodomo

luxuriance.[ hofu, han-mo-shite-iru ] luxuriant.[ hofu-na, yutaka-na, kon-mori shige-tta] 防

a luxuriant foliage = ha-ga kon-mori shige-tta ki

luxurious.[ ze-i-taku-na, goka-na ] 跋

a luxurious house = goka-na uchi

luxury.[ ze-i-taku, ze-i-taku-hin ] ex. My uncle lives in luxury. = watashi-no oji-wa ze-i-taku-

ni kura-shite-iru Necessities come before luxuries. = hitsuyo-hin-wa ze-i-taku-hin-yori tsune-ni yusen-sareru lyric.[ jojo-shi ] epic = joji-shi) a lyric drama = ka-geki 防

172

ma’am.[ oku-san, sense-i ] ex. “Is Tom present?” “Yes, ma’am.” = rTomu-wa i-masu-

kaj「ha-i i-masu, sense-ij

machine.[ kika-i ] ex. This machine works well. = kono kika-i-wa choshi-ga

yo-i

machinery.[ kika-i-ru-i, kika-i-sochi ] ex. The factory has a lot of machinery. = sono kdjd-niwa

kika-i-ga taku-san aru

mad.[ ki-ga kuru-tte-iru, iru ]

mu-chu-ni

na-tte-

ex. He must be mad to do such a thing. = son-na koto-o

suru-towa kare-wa ki-ga kuru-tte-iru-ni chiga-i-nai She is mad about drama. = ka-nojo-wa en-geki-ni muchu-ni na-tte-iru

madam.[ oku-sama ] ex. The bath is ready，madam. = oku-sama o-furo-no yo-i-

ga deki-mashi-ta

magazine.[ za-sshi ] ex. Do you take in any magazines every month? = ma-i-tsuki

nani-ka za-sshi-o to-tte-i-masu-ka

magic.[ maho, ki-jutsu, te-jina ] ex. In fairy tales, witches often use magic to change people into animals. = otogi-bana-shi-no naka-niwa majo-ga maho-

o tsuka-tte hito-o ddbutsu-ni ka-eru koto-ga yoku aru

magician.[ te-jina-shi ] magistrate.[ gyose-i-chokan, gyose-i-kan ] ex. The President is the chief magistrate of the United States.=

da-i-toryo-wa ame-rika-no sa-iko gyose-i-kan-de-aru

173

magnet-maintain

magnet.[ ji-shaku ] ex. A magnet attracts iron. = ji-shaku-wa tetsu-o hiki-

tsuke-ru

magnificent.[ soda-i-na, su-bara-shi-i ] ex. It is a magnificent plan. = sore-wa su-bara-shi-i ke-i-

kaku-da

magnify.[ kakuda-i-suru ] ex. This microscope magnifies an object 200 times. = kono bo-

en-kyo-wa mono-o ni-hyaku-ba-i-ni kakuda-i-suru

maid.[ shojo, mu-sume, o-te-tsuda-i ] ex. The maid had to sell flowers on the street corner. = sono

shojo-wa machi-kado-de hana-o ura-na-kereba-naranaka-tta

maiden.[ mi-kon-no, hajime-te-no] ex. “Maiden name” means a woman’s family name before mar¬ riage. =‘maiden name’ towa ke-kkon-ma-e-no fujin-no

se-i-no koto-de-aru This book was his maiden publication. =kono hon-wa kare-no shojo-shu-ppan da-tta

mail.[ yubin, yubin-butsu ] ex. Is there any mail for me today? = kyo-wa watashi-ni yObin-ga kite-i-masu-ka I will send this letter by air mail. =watashi-wa kono tegami-o kdkobin-de dashi-masu

main.[ omo-na] ex. Please tell me the main point of the story. = sono hana-

shi-no yoten-o hana-shite-kudasa-i

mainly.[ omo-ni, ichi-ban ] ex. You are mainly to blame. = kimi-ga ichi-ban waru-i-no-

da

maintain.[ mochi-tsuzu-keru, shiji-suru, shucho-suru ] ex. I have maintained friendly relations with him these ten years.

=kono ju-nen watashi-wa kare-to shita-shi-i kanke-io mochi-tsuzu-kete-i-masu I maintained his opinion.=

174

majestic-manhood watashi-wa kare-no iken-o shiji-shita

majestic.[ igen-no-aru ] ex. The king was not only majestic but merciful. = sono o-wa

igen-ga aru-dake-de-naku jihi-buka-i hito-de-a-tta

majesty.[ igen, he-ika ] ex. His Majesty the Emperor honored the company with an impe¬ rial message. = ten-no-he-ika-wa ichi-do-ni o-kotoba-o

tamawa-tta

major.[ shuyo-na, senko-ka-moku ] 跋

a major poet = ichi-ryO sn卜jm

ex. My major is physics.

=watashi-no senko-wa bu-tsuri-desu

majority.[ da-i-tasu, ka-hansu ] ex. The majority of people are against war. = da-i-tasu-no

hito-bito-wa sensd-ni hanta-i-de-aru

make.[ tsuku-ru ] ex. Mother made me a new suit. = haha-wa watashi-ni a-

tara-shi-i fuku-o tsuku-tte-kure-ta Two and three makes five. = ni tasu san-wa go I made my daughter clean her room. = watashi-wa mu-sume-ni heya-no soji-o saseta

maker.[ se-i-saku-sha male.[ danse-•卜 no] man.[ nin-gen, otoko ] manage.[ kanri-suru ]

】

ex. He is managed by his wife. = kare-wa oku-san-no shiri-

ni shika-rete-iru

management.[ tori-a-tsuka-i, kanri, ke-i-e-i ] ex. The management of this company is done very well. = kono

ka-i-sha-no ke-i-e-i-wa to-temo u-maku i-tte-iru

manager.[ shiha-i-nin, ke-i-e-i-sha ] ex. He is an assistant manager. = kare-wa fuku-shiha-i-nin-

desu

manhood.[ se-i-nen, se-i-jin ] ex. He has reached manhood. = kare-wa se-i-nen-ni ta-

175

manifest-maple sshita

manifest.[ me-i-kaku-na, akiraka-na ] ex. It is a manifest error. = sore-wa akiraka-na aya-mari-

da

manifold.[ iro-iro-na, tayo-na ] ex. He has manifold duties. = kare-wa iro-iro-na shi-goto-o

shite-iru

mankind.[ jinru-i, danse-i ] ex. He devoted his life to the welfare of mankind. = kare-wa

jinru-i-no fuku-shi-no tame-ni i-sshd-o sasa-geta

manly.[ otoko-ra-shi-i, danse-i-teki-na ] ex. Football is one of the manly sports. = fu-tto-bdru-wa

danse-i-teki-na su-pdtsu-de-aru

manner.[ gyogi, saho, shi-kata ] ex. He has no manners. = kare-wa gyogi-ga waru-i

I don’t

know the correct manner to introduce a person. = watashi-wa

tada-sh 卜 i hito-no shdka-i-no shi-kata-ga wakarimasen He handles people in a tender manner. = kare-wa yasa-shi-i ta-ido-de hito-o a-tsuka-u

mansion.[ da-i-te-i-taku ] manufacture.[ se-izo, se-izo-gyo, se-i-hin ] manufacturer.[ se-izo-gyosha ] ex. Henry Ford was the greatest moter-vehicle manufacturer in the world. = HenrT FDdo-wa seka-i-de mo-ttomo ida-i-

na jidOsha se-izd-gydsha-da-tta

manuscript.[ genko (= MS), sha-hon ] many.[ o-oku-no, taku-san-no] map.[ chizu ] ex. Look up the city on the map. = sono shi-o chizu-de

saga-sh 卜 nasa-i

maple.[ ka-ede ] ex. We took a walk under the scarlet maple leaves. = watashi-

tachi-wa shinku-no mo-miji-no shita-o sanpo-shita

176

marble-marshal

marble.[ da-iri-seki ] march.[ koshin-suru, koshin ] ex. The procession marched on slowly. = gyd-retsu-wa yu-

kkuri koshin-o tsuzu-keta

March.[ san-gatsu ] margin.[ heri, fuchi, majin, moke ] ex. The price leaves no margin of profit. = sono nedan-dewa

moke-ga na-i

marine.[ umi-no, fune-no] ex. The marine view from the hill is magnificent. = oka-kara-no

umi-no naga-me-wa soda-i-desu

mark.[ shiru-shi, chumoku-suru ] ex. Mark carefully how it is done. = sono yari-kata-ni yoku

cho-i-shi-nasa-i

market.[ ichi-ba, ichi, shijo] ex. Mother goes to the market everyday. = haha-wa ma-i-

nichi ichi-ba-e yuku The stock market is humming.= kabu-shiki shijo-wa ka-kki-ga aru

marriage.[ ke-kkon ] married.[ ke-kkon-shita ] 跋

a married man = kikon-no danse-i

He is married to his

sister’s friend. = kare-wa yujin-no imoto-to ke-kkon-shi-

mashi-ta

marry.[ ke-kkon-suru ] ex. He married at the age of thirty. = kare-wa san-j•卜ssa-i-de

ke-kkon-shi-mashi-ta

marsh.[ numa-chi ] ex. There are a lot of marshes in the region. = sono chiho-

niwa numa-chi-ga o-o-i

marshal.[ gensu-i, sho-cho] ex. His father is a marshal in the air force. = kare-no chichi-

oya-wa kugu-n-gensu-i-desu My father is a fire marshal. =watashi-no chichi-wa shobo-sho-cho-desu

177

martial-match

martial.[ senso-no, gu-n-no] w court martial = gu-npo ka-igi

^ martial law = ka-igen-

re-i

marvel.[ odoro-ki, fu-shigi, hibon-na hito] ex. How he passed the entrance examination is still a marvel to me. = doshite kare-ga nyOgaku-shiken-ni gdkaku-

shita-ka-wa ima-mo watashi-niwa fu-shigi-desu

marvelous, marvellous.[ odoro-ku-beki, shinjigata-i ] masculine.[ otoko-no, otoko-ra-shi-i, danse-iteki-na ] ex. She was a girl of masculine spirit. = ka-nojo-wa danse-i-

teki-na kisho-no on-na-deshi-ta

mash.[tsubu-su, suri-tsubu-su ] mason.[ i-shi-ya ] mass.[ shudan, kata-mari ] ex. We saw masses of dark clouds. = kuro-i kumo-no kata-

mari-ga mi-eta

massacre.[ da-i-gyaku-satsu, mina-goroshi ] massage.[ ma-ssaji ] mast.[ ma-suto] ex. The ship has three masts. = sono fune-niwa ma-suto-ga

san-bon aru

master.[ shujin, shutoku-suru ] ex. It is difficult to master a foreign language in a year or so.=

ichi-nen-ka sokora-de ga-i-koku-go-o shutoku-suru koto-wa mu-zuka-shi-i ，

masterpiece.[ ke-ssaku ] match1.[ma-tchi ] match2.[ shi-a-i, kyoso a-ite, chowa-suru ] ex. The baseball match between W and K was played yesterday. =W-to K-no yakyO-no shi-a-i-ga kino oko-nawa-re-

ta

178

I am no match for you in tennis. = watashi-wa te-nisu-

mate-mayor dewa kimi-ni ka-nawa-na-i These ribbons don’t match with your hat. = korera-no ribon-wa kimi-no boshi-to awa-na-i

mate.[ naka-ma, tomo-dachi, ha-igQ-sha ] ex. We are classmates. = watashi-tachi-wa ddkyO-se小

desu

material.[ za-iryo, genryo, bu-sshitsu-no] 赋

material civilization = bu-sshitsu-bu-n-me-i

mathematics.[ sQgaku ] ex. I like mathematics best. = watashi-wa sOgaku-ga ichi-

ban suki-desu

matter.[ monda-i, koto-gara ] ex. Is anything the matter with you? = doka shita-no-desu-

ka It is a matter for regret. = sore-wa zan-nen-na kotoda No matter what he says, don’t trust him. = kare-ga nan •卜 o i-ttemo shin-yo-shite-wa ike-na-i

mature.[ juku-suru ] ex. Pears mature in autumn. = nashi-wa aki-ni juku-suru

maximum.[ sa-ida-i-gen ]

minimum = sa-i-sho-

gen)

may.[〜kamo-shire-na-i, ~ shite-mo yo-i, ~ dekiru ] ex. He may come tomorrow morning. = kare-wa asu-no asa

kuru-kamo-shire-na-i “May I smoke?” “No, you may not.” =「tabako-o su-ttemo yo-i-desu-ka」「i-i-e ike-masenj

May.[ go-gatsu ] ex. In England May is the best season of the year. = i-girisu-

dewa go-gatsu-ga ichi-nen-de ichi-ban yo-i k•卜setsudesu

maybe.[ tabu-n, oso-raku ] ex. Maybe it wilt rain in the afternoon. = tabu-n gogo-wa

ame-ga furu-dard

mayor.[ shi-cho] 179

me-medal

me.[ watashi-o, watashi-ni, boku-ni (male)] ex. This is between you and me. = kore-wa na-i-sho-da-yo

meadow.[ sogen, bokuso-chi ] ex. Vast meadows streched to the eastward. = koda-i-na

sogen-ga higa-shi-no ho-ni hiroga-tte-ita

mean1.[imi-suru, tsumori-de-aru ] ex. What do you mean by that? = sore-wa doyu imi-desu-

ka I’m sorry I hurt you, I never meant to. = o-ki-ni-sawattara sumi-masen-ga soyO tsumori-dewa-naka-tta-nodesu

mean2.[ iya-na, gehin-na] ex. He is a very mean fellow. = kare-wa iya-na yatsu-da

meaning.[ imi, ito] means.[ hoho, shu-dan, za-i-san, shi-ryoku ] 跋

by some means or other = do-nika shite

There is no

means of reaching there. = soko-e yuku hoho-wa na_i

He

has no means to keep a car. = kare~wa kuruma-o motsu

shi-ryoku-ga na-i

measure.[ haka-ru, aru ] ex. The bridge measures forty meters. = sono hash •卜wa yon-

jO-metoru aru

measurement.[ su-npo] meat.[ niku ] ex. You should eat less meat and more vegetables. = a-nata-

wa niku-o suko-shi-ni shite yasa-i-o mo-tto tabe-nasa-i

mechanic.[ kika-i-ko] ex. He is a motor mechanic. = kare-wa jiddsha-kd-desu

mechanical.[ kika-i-no] 跋

the age of mechanical civilization = kika-i bu-n-me-i-no

jida-i

medal.[ me-daru ] ex. We won five gold medals. = wareware-wa kin-me-daru-

o itsu-tsu kaku-toku-shita

180

meddle-meeting

meddle.[ iji-ru, kansho-suru ] ex. The child meddled with this clock. = sono kodomo-ga

kono toke-i-o iji-tta Don’t meddle in other people’s busi¬ ness. =ta-nin-no koto-ni kansho-suru-na

medical.[ i-gaku-no] ex. He studied medical science in America. = kare-wa A-

merika-de i-gaku-o ma-nanda

medical examination.[ kenko shin-dan ] medicine.[ i-gaku, kusuri ] ex. He practices medicine. = kare-wa i-sha-o ka-i-gyo-

shite-iru He is always taking medicines. = kare-wa tsumo kusuri-o nonde-iru

卜

meditate.[ ji-tto kanga-eru, mokuso-suru ] ex. He often meditates about his past life. = kare-wa jibu-n-

no kako-no se-i-katsu-o ji-tto kanga-e-ru koto-ga yoku aru

meditation.[ mokuso] Mediterranean.[ chi-chu-ka-i ] ex. Our ship was sailing across the Mediterranean Sea. = ware-

ware-no fune-wa chi-cho-ka-i-o odan-shite-ita

medium.[ ba-ika-i-butsu ] ex. The air is a medium for sound. = koki-wa oto-o ba-ika-i-

suru Radio is one means of the mass media. = raji-o-wa masu-medi-a-no hito-tsu-desu

meek.[ o-tona-shi-i ] ex. She is as meek as a lamb. = ka-nojo-wa ko-hitsu-ji-no

yoni o-tona-shi-i

meet.[ de-a-u, de-muka-eru ] ex. I met him in the park yesterday. = kind watashi-wa kare-

ni ko-en-de de-a-tta

Would you meet me at the airport?=

kOko-ni muka-e-ni kite kure-masen-ka

meeting.[ ka-igo] ex. The meeting has been put off till next Monday. = sono ka-

181

melancholy-mental igo-wa ra小sho-no getsu-yobi-made enki-sareta

melancholy.[ yu-utsu-na, kana-shi-i ] ex. The moon appears melancholy to those who are sad. = tsu-

ki-wa kana-shi-i hito-niwa kana-shi-ku mi-eru

mellow.[ juku-shita] ex. This is a mellow apple. = kore-wa juku-shita ringoda

melody.[ me-rodT ] melt.[ toka-su ] ex. Heat melts iron. = netsu-wa tetsu-o toka-su

member.[ ka-i-in, gi-in ] ex. He is a member of Congress. = kare-wa ka-in-g卜m-

desu

membership.[ ka-i-in ] ex. The club has a large membership. = sono ku-rabu-wa

ka-i-in-ga o-o-i

memorial.[ ki-nen-no, tsu-ito-no] ex. This theatre was built as a memorial to Shakespeare. = kono

gekijo-wa Shei-kusu-pia-o ki-nen-shite tate-rare-ta

memorize.[ ki-oku-suru, anki-suru ] ex. Try to memorize these poems. = korera-no sm-o anki-

suru yOni shi-nasa-i

memory.[ ki-oku-ryoku, omo-ide ] ex. He has a good memory. = kare-wa ki-oku-ryoku-ga yo-

i Everything is sweet in my memory. = watashi-no omoide-no naka-dewa su-bete-ga u-tsuku-sm-i

menace.[ kyo-i, kyofu, oso-re ] mend.[ na-osu, shuri-suru ] ex. I must have my watch mended. = watashi-wa toke-i-o

na-o-shite-morawa-nakeィeba nara-na-i

mental.[ se-•卜shin-no, kokoro-no ] ex. He suffered a great mental blow by her death. = kare-wa

ka-nojo-no shi-ni yo-tte hijd-na se-i-shin-teki da-gekio u-keta 跋 mental arithmetic = an-zan

182

mention-messenger

mention.[ nobe-ru ] as mentioned above = joki-no to-ori

防

low =kaki-no to-ori

^ as mentioned be¬

ex. He cannot speak English, not to

mention French. = kare-wa fu-ransu-go-wa yu-made-mo

naku e-igo-mo hana-se-na-i

merchandise.[ shohin ] ex. They take great interest in Japanese merchandise.=

karera-wa nihon shohin-ni hijo-na kyomi-o mo-tte-iru

merchant.[ shonin ] mercury.[ su-i-gin，su-i-se-i (= Mercury)] mercy.[ jihi, awa-remi, nasa-ke ] ex. The king had no mercy. = sono kokuo-wa mujihi-daffa

跋

for mercy’s sake = gosho-dakara

mere.[ hon-no, tan-naru ] ex. I was a mere child when my father died. = chichi-ga

naku-natta toki watashi-wa hon-no kodomo-datta

merely.[ tada] ex. He is not merely wise but he is also diligent. = kare-wa ka-

shiko-i-dake-de-naku kin-ben-de-aru

merrily.[ tano-shiku ] ex. Little birds are singing merrily in the trees. = ko-tori-tachi-

wa kigi-no a-ida-de tano-shiku uta-tte-iru

merry.[ yoki-na, yuka-i-na, tano-shi-i ] ex. Merry Christmas! = kurisu-masu ome-detd!

mess.[ mecha-kucha, ka-i-shoku ] 防

be at mess = ka-i-shoku-shite-iru

跋

make a mess of =

da-i-nashi-ni suru ex. You have made a mess of your clothes. = kimi-wa fuku-o da-i-nashi-ni shita

message.[ den-gon, koto-zuke ] ex. Do you have any message for him? = kare-ni den-gon-ga

ari-masu-ka

messenger.[ shi-sha, ha-i-tatsu-nin, tsuka-iba-shiri ] 183

meta 卜 migrate

metal.[ kin-zoku ] ex. Gold and silver are precious metals. = kin-ya gin-wa ki-

kin-zoku-de-aru

method.[ hoho, hoshiki, suji-michi ] ex. There must be a better method in doing this work. = kono

shi-aoto-niwa mo-tto /-/ yar卜kata-ga aru-ni chiga-i-na-i

meter, metre.[ metoru ] ex. Who won the 100-meter race? = dare-ga hyaku-metoru-

kyoso-de kachi-mashi-ta-ka

metropolis.[ shuto ] ex. Tokyo has now grown into a giant metropolis. = Tokyo-wa

ima-ya kyoda-i-na shuto-ni na-tta

mew.[ nya-o ] (= miaow) mice.[ nezumi ] microphone.[ ma-i-kuro-hon ] ex. Don’t speak with your mouth too close to the microphone.=

ma-iku-ni kuchi-o chika-zuke-te hana-shite-wa ike-nai

microscope.[ kenbi-kyo] ex. These stripes are visible only through a microscope. = kono

shima-wa kenbi-kyd-o tsOjite-shika mi-e-na-i

middle.[ man-naka, chukan, a-ida ] ex. I will visit Japan in the middle of next month. = watashi-wa

ra-i-getsu-no

choju-n-ni

nihon-o

hdmon-shi-masu

“Middle age” means the period off life betweeen youth and old age. =「chdnen」-towa se-i-nen-to ronen-no a-ida-no

jiKi-no koto-desu

midnight.[ mayo-naka ] ex. He used to study past midnight. = kare-wa mayo-naka-

sugi-made benkyo-shita-mono-da

mighty.[ chikara-zuyo-i, tsuyo-i ] migrate.[ iju-suru, ido-suru, wataru ] ex. In autumn many birds migrate from Europe to Africa. = aki-

184

mild-minister ni naru-to o-oku-no tori-ga yDro-ppa-kara Afu-rika-e wataru

mild.[ onwa-na, yasa-shi-i, onko-na ] ex. The climate in Japan is mild. = nihon-no kiko-wa onwa-

desu

military.[ gu-n-ta-i-no, gu-n-yo-no] 咏

military police = kenpe-i-ta-i

milk.[ mi-ruku, gyu-nyu ] ex. It is no use crying over spilt milk. (Proverb) = fuku-su-i

bon-ni ka-erazu (kotowaza)

mill.[ kojo ] a water mill = su-i-sha-goya

^ a paper mill = se-i-shi

kojo

million.[ hyaku-man ] ex. More than ten million people live in Tokyo. = i-ssen-man

ijO-no hito-ga Tokyo-ni su-nde-iru

millionaire.[ hyaku-man choja ] mind.[ kokoro, se-i-shin ] ex. So many men, so many mind. (Proverb) = ja-nin to-iro

(kotowaza) I made up my mind to give up smoking.= watashi-wa tabako-o yame-ru koto-o ke-sshinshita He is out of his mind. = kare-wa ki-ga kuru-tte-iru

mine1.[ watashi-no mono ] mine2.[ kozan ] miner.[ kofu ] mineral.[ kobutsu, koseki ] mingle.[ maze-ru, kosa-i-suru ] miniature.[ ko-gata-moke-i, moke-i ] minimum.[ sa-i-sho, sa-i-te-i, sa-i-sho-gen ] mining.[ kogyO ] 咏

mining industry = kDgyo

minister.[ da-ijin, koshi ] kt Prime Minister = sOri da-ijin

球

the Minister of Education

185

ministry-misfortune =mon-bu dai-jm

ministry.[ na-i-kaku ] ex. The Ministry has resigned. = na-i-kaku-wa so-ji-shoku-

shita

minority.[ shosu ] majority = tasu) minus.[ re-ika, hiku ] ex. The temperature is minus three degrees. = ki-on-wa re-

ika san-do-da

Seven minus four is three. = shichi hiku

yon-wa san

minute1.[fu-n ] minute2.[ wazuka-na ] 琢

a minute difference = wazuka-na chiga-i

miracle.[ ki-seki ] ex. Her recovery is a miracle. = ka-nojo-no ka-i-fuku-wa ki-

seki-da

mirror.[ kagami ] (= looking glass) ex. The newspapers are a mirror of the times. = shin-bu-n-wa

jida-i-no kagami-da

mischief.[ ita-zura, fuzake ] ex. Boys are fond of mischief. = otoko-no-ko-wa ita-zura-ga

suki-da

miser.[ kechin-bo, kechi ] ex. A miser is a man who loves gold for gold’s sake. = kechin-

bO-towa Ogon-o Ogon-no tame-ni a-i-suru hito-desu

miserable.[ mijime-na, hisan-na, hido-i ] ex. The result was a miserable failure. = ke-kka-wa mijime-

na shi-ppa-i-da-tta

•

misery.[ mijime-sa, hin-kon, fuko] ex. Lots of people live in misery. = taku-san-no hito-ga

hisan-na se-i-katsu-o shite-iru

misfortune.[fu-u-n, sa-i-nan, fuko] ex. He had the misfortune to break his leg. = kare-wa fu-u-n-

nimo a-shi-o o-tte-shima-tta

186

misprint-mode

misprint.[ go-shoku ] miss.[ soko-na-u, i-nakute sabi-shiku-omo-u ] ex. I missed the bus. = basu-ni nori-soko-neta

We shall

miss you very much. = a-nata-ga i-naku-naru-to ta-ihen

sabi-shiku naru-desho

mission.[ shi-setsu, dendo] missionary.[ dendo-shi, senkyo-shi ] missionary work = dendo jigyo

^ missionary zeal =

senkyo-no netsu-i

misspell.[ tsu-zuri-o ma-chiga-eru ] mist.[ moya, kasumi ] ex. The morning mist has cleared. = asa-moya-ga hare-ta

mistake.[ ma-chiga-i, ma-chiga-eru ] ex. I made some careless mistakes. = watashi-wa ikutsu-ka

fu-cho-i-na ma-chiga-i-o shita

mistress.[ a-i-jin ] ex. My wife caught me with mistress last night. = yObe a-i-jin-

to i-ssho-ni iru tokoro-o tsuma-ni mitsu-ka-tta

misunderstand.[ goka-i-suru ] ex. I misunderstood his words. = watashi-wa kare-no koto-

ba-o goka-i-shita

mix.[ maze-ru, maza-ru ] ex. Oil and water will not mix. = abura-to mizu-wa maza-ra-

na-i

mixture.[ kongo, kongo-butsu ] moan.[ umeki-go-e ] ex. He fell with a moan of pain. = kare-wa ku-tsO-no umeki-

go-e-o tate-te ta-ore-ta

mob.[ boto, yaji_uma 】 ex. Mobs gathered round the court. = bdto-wa hdte-i-o tori-

kakon-da

mode.[ yoshiki, rytik5】 ex. His mode of life is strange. = kare-no se-i-katsu-yo-

187

model-monarch shiki-wa kawa-tte-iru She is always following the latest mode. = ka-nojo-wa i-tsumo sa-i-shin-no ryOkd-o o-tteiru

model.[ mohan, moke-i ] moderate.[ teki-to-na, teki-do-no] ex. This hotel charges moderate teas. = kono ho-teru-no

ryokin-wa te-goro-desu

modern.[ genda-i-no, kinse-i-no] rar modern science = genda-i ka-gaku

跋

modern conven¬

iences =genda-i-teki setsu-bi

modest.[ shito-yaka-na, hika-eme-no, kenkyona] ex. He is modest in his behavior. = kare-no furu-ma-i-wa

kenkyo-da Ours is a modest demand. = wareware-no yokyu-wa hika-eme-na yDkyu-da

modify.[ chose-i-suru, shuse-i-suru ] ex. He will not modify his opinions. = kare-wa jibu-n-no

iken-o shOse-i-sh •卜na-i-dard

moist.[ shime-tta, iru ]

shi-kke-no

aru,

nure-te-

ex. Her eyes were moist with tears. = ka-nojo~no me~wa

namida-de nure-te-ita

moisten.[ nura-su, shimera-seru ] moisture.[ shi-kke, su-ibu-n ] mole.[ mo-gura ] moment.[ shu-n-kan ] ex. Wait a moment. = cho-tto ma-tte-kudasa-i

防

at any

moment = itsu-demo

momentary.[ shu-n-kan-no, haka-na-i, tsukanoma-no] ex. I cannot afford to indulge in such a momentary joy. = son-

na tsuka-noma-no yorokobi-ni fuke-tte-wa-i-rare-na-i

monarch.[ ku-n-shu, o] 188

monarchy-moon

monarchy.[ ku-n-shu-koku ] Monday.[ getsu-yobi ] ex. This club meets every Monday. = kono ku-rabu-wa ma-i-

shu getsu-ydbi-ni ka-igd-ga ari-masu

money.[ o-kane, zeni ] money order.[ kawase ] ex. I shall have this money order cashed. = kono kawase-o

gen-kin-ni shite-mora-i-masu yubin kawase

monk.[ shudo-so ] monkey.[ saru ]

跋

a post money order =

nun = shudo-ni)

ex. The monkey has a long tail. = saru-niwa naga-i o-ga aru

monochrome.[ shiro-kuro-no] monogamy.[ i-ppu-i-ppu-se-i ](特 polygamy = /ppu-tasa-i-se-i)

monologue.[ hito-ri-zerifu, doku-haku ] monopoly.[ doku-sen, senba-i ] monotonous.[ tancho-na ] ex. The long sea trip was monotonous. = naga-i funa-tabi-wa

tanchd-da-tta

monster.[ ka-i-butsu ] month.[ tsuki ] 防

every month = ma-i-getsu，ma-i-tsuki

monthly.[ ma-i-getsu-no] 咏

a monthly magazine = ge-kkan-shi，ge-kkan za-sshi

monument.[ ki-nen-hi ] ex. They built a monument in his memory. = karera-wa kare-

no omo-ide-ni ki-nen-hi-o tate-ta

mood.[ kibu-n, ki-mochi ] ex. I am not in a mood to go to the movies. = watashi-wa e-

iga-ni iku kibu-n-dewa-na-i

moon.[ tsuki ] ex. There is a moon tonight. = kon-ya-wa tsuki-ga dete-

189

moonlight-motion iru

^ a man-made moon = jinko e-ise-i

moonlight.[ ge-kko, tsuki-no hikari ] moral.[ dotoku-teki-na, dotoku-jo-no] ex. This is not a legal, but a moral duty. = kore-wa ho-teki-

de-naku dotoku-jo-no gimu-de-aru

more.[ mo-tto o-o-i ] ex. He loves money more than anything else. = kare-wa nani-

yori-mo o-kane-o a-i-shite-iru She is more kind than wise. =ka-nojo-wa ka-shiko-卜to yu-yori mu-shiro shinsetsu-na ho-da He is wise, and what is more, modest.= kare-wa ka-shiko-i，sono-u-e, kenkyo-desu

moreover.[ sono-u-e ] ex. He is a good scholar, and moreover a good teacher. = kare-

wa ri-ppa-na gaku-sha-da，sono-u-e yo-i sense-i-desu

morning.[ asa, gozen ] 防

from morning till night = asa-kara ban-made

ex. Good

morning! = ohayo!, ohayo goza-i-masu

mosquito.[ ka] ex. I was bitten by mosquitoes. = watasni-wa ka-ni kuwa-

reta

moss.[ koke ] most.[ ta-ite-i-no] ex. Most people laughed at him. = ta-ite-i-no hito-wa kare-

o wara-tta ^ at most = se-ize-i I think she is seventeen at most. = ka-nojo-wa se-ize-i jO-nana-sa-i-da-to omo~u

moth.[ ga ] ex. Is this a butterfly or a moth? = kore-wa chO-desu-ka,

sore-tomo ga-desu-ka

mother.[ haha, haha-oya ] ex. Diligence is the mother of good luck. = kin-ben-wa ko-u-

n-no haha-desu

motion.[ u-ndo, u-nko] ex. I haven’t seen a lion in real-life motion. = watashi-wa ji-

190

motive-move ssa-i-ni ugo-ite-iru ra-i-on-o mita koto-ga na-i

motive.[ doki ] ex. He carried out his plan without any selfish motive. = kare-

wa suko-shi-mo riko-teki-na doki-nashi-ni sono ke-ikaku-o ji-kko-shita

motto.[ hyogo, mo-tto, zayu-no me-i ] ex. My motto is “Do your best.” = watashi-no mo-tto-wa 「sa-izen-o

tsuku-sej-de-aru

mould.[ kata-chi-o tsuku-ru, ke-ise-i-suru ] ex. Reading moulds our character. = doku-sho-wa watashi-

tach卜no jin-kaku-o ke-ise-i-suru

mound.[ tsuka, dote, chi-i-sana oka ] mount.[ noru, nobo-ru, yama ] ex. The children mounted the pony. = kodomo-tachi-wa ko-

uma-ni no-tta

瞭

Mt. Fuji = Fuji-san

mountain.[ yama, san-myaku ] 防

the Rocky Mountains = ro-kkT san-myaku

防

a mountain

of rubbish = yama-no yo-na gara-kuta, gara-kuta-no

yama

mountaineer.[ tozan-ka ] mountaineering.[ tozan, yama-nobo-ri ] mourn ..[ nage-ki-kana-shimu, ita-mu ] ex. He mourned the death of his friend. = kare-wa tomo-no

sni-o itan-da

mouse.[ hatsu-ka-nezumi ] mouth.[ kuchi ] ex. Good medicine is bitter in the mouth. (Proverb) = ryoyaku

kuchi-ni niga-shi (kotowaza)

move.[ ugo-kasu, kando-sa-seru ] ex. Our neighbors are moving this weekend. = tonari-no hito-

tachi-wa kondo-no shu-matsu-ni hi-kkoshi-masu I was deeply moved by his words. = watashi-wa kare-no kotobani fuka-ku kandd-shita

191

movie-muscle

movie.[ e-iga] ex. Let’s go to the movies this evening. = kon-ya e-iga-ni iko

much ••••••[ taku-san, hijo-ni, ta-ihen ] ex. How much is this? = kore-wa ikura-desu-ka for today. = Kyo-wa kore-de o-shima-i

So much

I ate too much for

lunch. = watashi-wa chushoku-o taku-san tabe-sugi-ta

mud.[ doro] ex. His boots were covered with mud. = kare-no kutsu-ni

doro-ga tsu-ite-ita

multiply.[ kake-ru ] ex. Six multiplied by five is thirty. = roku kake-ru gchwa

san-ju

multitude.[ tasu ] ex. A multitude of people gathered in front of the palace.=

tasO-no hito-ga kyuden-no ma-e-ni a-tsuma-tta

municipal.[ shi-no, shi-e-i-no, chiho-jichi-tai-no] ex. You will find a municipal office in the middle of this city.=

kono shi-no chu-O-ni shi-yaku-sho-ga ari-masu

murder.[ satsu-jin, korosu ] ex. He was found guilty of murder. = kare-ga satsu-jin-no

tsumi-o oka-shite-iru koto-ga waka-tta She tried to mur¬ der you with this knife. = ka-nojo-wa kono na-ifu-de kimio korosd-to-shita

murderer.[ satsu-jin-sha, hito-goro-shi ] ex. A murderer will be caught sooner or later. = satsu-jin-sha-

wa oso-kare-haya-kare tsuka-maruぐmono-da

murmur.[ ko-goto-o yu, sasa-yaku ] ex. He murmured words of love in her ear. = kare-wa ka-

nojo-no mimi-ni a-i-no kotoba-0 sasa-ya-ita

muscle.[ kin-niku ] ex. Exercise makes the muscles strong. = u-ndo-wa kin-niku-

o tsuyo-ku suru

192

muse-my

muse.[ fuka-ku kanga-eru, kanga-e-komu ] ex. He sat musing on my remarks. = kare-wa suwa-tte watashi-no kotoba-o kanga-e-konde-ita

museum.[ haku-butsu-kan ] ex. First of all I want to visit the British Museum. = mazu sa-isho-ni da-i-e-i-haku-butsu-kan-o tazu-ne-ta-i

mushroom.[ ki-noko] music.[ on-gaku, gaku-fu ] ex. Can you read music? = gaku-fu-o yome-masu-ka

musical.[ on-gaku-no] ex. Musicals have come to be popular in Japan. = myQji-karuga nihon-de haya-tte-kite-i-masu

球

musical instrument

=ga-kki

musician.[ on-gaku-ka ] ex. A musician must start training early in life. = on-gaku-kawa waka-i toki-ni ku-n-ren-o hajime-na-kereba-narana-i

music paper.[ gosen-shi ] must.[ neba-nara-na-i ] ex. I must go. = watashi-wa ika-neba-nara-na-i not = shite-wa ike-na-i

son-na koto-o i-tte-wa ike-na-i chiga-i-na-i

防

must

You must not say such a thing.= 球

must be 〜=〜nf

He must be hungry. = kare-wa o-naka-ga

su-ite-iru-ni chiga-i-na-i

mute.[ kuchi-no kike-na-i ] mutton.[ hitsu-ji-no niku, maton ] ex. Mutton is not as popular as beef in Japan. = nihon-dewa maton-wa gyO-niku-hodo ninki-ga na-i

mutual.[ sogo-no, taga-i-no] ex. Mutual understanding among nations is necessary for world peace. = sho-koku-kan-no sdgo-rika-i-ga seka-i-heiwa-no tame-ni hi-tsuyd-de-aru

my.[ watashi-no] 193

mysterious-myth 防

my book =

watashi-no hon

ex. My! =

ma!

mysterious.[ fu-shigi-na, shinpi-teki-na ] mystery.[ shinpi ] 跋

mystery story =

su-iri sho-setsu, tante-i sho-setsu

myth.[ shinwa] giri-sha shin-wa-niwa omo-shiro-i hana-shi-ga i-ppa-i ari-masu

ex. The Greek myths are full ot interesting stories. =

nail.[ tsume, kugi, byo] ex. Don’t grow your finger nails long. = tsume-o noba-shite-

oku-na I needed some nails. = watashi-wa kugi-ga hitsuyo-da-tta

naked.[ hadaka-no] 跋

naked child = hadaka-no kodomo

跋

naked eyes =

niku-gan

name.[ nama-e ] ex. My name is Robert Jones. = watashi-no nama-e-wa

Robato Jdnzu-desu

nameless.[ na-mo-na-i, mume-i-no] 防

a nameless writer = mume-i sa-kka

namely.[ tsumari, su-nawachi ] ex. Only one child, namely Bill was absent. = ta-tta hito-ri-no

kodomo tsumari Biru-dake yasu-nda

nap.[ u-tata-ne, i-nemu-ri-o suru ] ex. It must have happened while I was taking a nap. = sore-wa

watashi-ga chiga-i-na-i

u-tata-ne-shite-iru

a-ida-ni

oko-tta-ni

narration.[ mono-gata-ri, waho (grammar)] ex. Here ends her narration. = koko-de ka-nojo-no mono-

gata-ri-wa owa-tte-iru

Change the narration. = waho-o

ka-e-nasa-i

narrow.[ sema-i ] ex. The street is very narrow here. = koko-wa to-ori-ga nijo，

ni sema-i

nasty.[ iya-na ] ex. This fruit has a nasty smell. = kono kuda-mono-wa iya-

na ni-o-i-ga suru

195

nation-navy

nation.[ koku-min, kuni, ko-kka ] ex. Each nation has a flag of its own. = kuni-niwa sore-zore-

no ko-kki-ga aru

national.[ kuni-no] ter national flag = ko~kki

ex. This is a national holiday.=

kyo-wa kuni-no shuku-jitsu-desu

nationality.[ koku-seki ] ex. What is your nationality? = a-nata-no koku-seki-wa

dochira-desu-ka

native.[ kokyo-no, u-mare-tsuki-no] 球

a native village = kokyo-no mura mare-tsuki-no noryoku 防

natural.[ shi-zen-no, ata-rima-e-no]

native ability = u-

ten-nen-no,

tozen-no,

ex. We like to see natural beauty. = watashi-tachi-wa shi-

zen-no bi-o miru-no-ga suki-da It is natural that he should get angry. = kare-ga okoru-no-mo ata-rima-edesu

naturally.[ shi-zen-ni, fu-tsu-ni ] ex. You should not be so shy, just speak naturally. = ha-zuka-

sh •卜garazu-ni fu-tsu-ni hana-sh卜nasa-i

nature.[ shi-zen ] ex. We must know the laws of nature. = watashi-tachi-wa

shi-zen-no hdsoku-o shira-nake-reba-nara-na-i

naught.[ zero, mu ] ex. My efforts have come to naught. = watashi-no do-ryoku-

wa mu-ni na-tta

、

naughty.[ wan-paku-na, ita-zura-na ] naval.[ ka-i-gu-n-no] navigable.[ fune-ga to-o-reru ] navigate.[ koko-suru, soju-suru ] navigation.[ koka-i ] navy ••••••[ ka-i-gu-n ] 196

near-needle ex. The nation has a powerful navy. = sono kuni-niwa kyo-

ryoku-na ka-i-gu-n-ga aru i-gu-n-sho

球

the Navy Department = ka-

near.[ chika-ku-ni ] ex. The victory is near at hand. = shori-wa me-no-ma-e-

desu My house is very near here. = watashi-no uchi-wa sugu chika-ku-desu

nearly.[ mo suko-shi-de ] ex. It is nearly 8 o’clock. = mo soro-soro hachi-ji-desu

near-sighted.[ kin-shi-no, kin-gan-no] (= shortsighted)

neat.[ kichin-to shita, sa-ppari-to shita ] ex. Her room is always neat. = ka-nojo-no heya-wa i-tsumo

kichin-to shite-iru

necessary.[ hi-tsuyo-na, naku-tewa nara-nai] ex. It is necessary for you to take great care in aoing that job.=

sono shi-goto-o suru-niwa yohodo-no cho-i-ga hitsuyo-da

necessity.[ hi-tsuyo, hi-tsuyo-hin, kaku-kotono deki-na-i mono] ex. Out of necessity he changed his plan. = hi-tsuyd-kara

kare-wa ke-i-kaku-o henkd-shita Food and water are necessities. = shoku-ryd-to mizu-wa kaku-koto-no dekina-i mono-da

neck.[ kubi ] need.[ hi-tsuyo-to suru, hi-tsuyo-ga aru ] ex. I need to keep my temper. = watashi-wa ika-ri-o osa-e-

neba-nara-na~i There is no need to hurry. = i-sogu hitsuyo-wa ari-masen

needle.[ hari ] ex. Mother was doing needle work. = haha-wa hari-sm-goto-

o shite-ita

197

neglect-nest

neglect.[ okota-ru，mushi-suru ] ex. Don’t neglect your duty. = gimu-o okota-tte-wa ike-na-i

negotiation.[ kosho] ex. The negotiations came to an end. = sono kosho-wa

owari-ni na-tta

Negro.[ koku-jin ] neighbor, neighbour.[ tona-ri，rin-jin ] ex. England’s closest neighbor is France. = e-i-koku-ni ichi-

ban chika-i kuni-wa Fu-ransu-desu

neighborhood, neighbourhood.[ kinjo, kinjono hito-bito] ex. There are many sights in our neighborhood. = watashi-

tachi-no kinjo-niwa taku-san ken-butsu-suru tokoro-ga aru

neighboring, ri-no]

neighbouring.[ kinjo-no, tona-

ex. My uncle lives in a neighboring house. = watashi-no oji-

wa tona-ri-no uchi-ni su-nde-iru

neither.[ dochira-mo ~ na-i ] ex. Neither story is true. = dochira-no hana-shi-mo honto-

dewa-na-i Neither you nor I am wrong. = kimi-mo bokumo ma-chiga-tte-wa-i-na-i

nephew.[ o-i ] ex. One of my nephews is a doctor. = watashi-no o-i-no hito-

ri-wa i-sha-desu

nerve.[ shinke-i, shinke-i-shitsu ] ex. He got ill through nerve strain. = kar'e-wa shinke-i karo-

de bydki-ni na-tta

nervous.[ shinke-i-shitsu-na] ex. Don’t be nervous. = kin-chd-suru-na, shinpa-i-suru-na

nest.[ su ] ex. The birds are busy building their nests. = tori-wa su-o

tsuku-ru-no-ni i-soga-shi-i

198

net-nineteen

net.[ ami ] ex. He caught fish in a net. = kare-wa ami-de saka-na-o

to-tta

network.[ hoso-mo] a network of railways = tetsu-dd-md

nevertheless.[ sore-demo] ex. She was tired, nevertheless she kept on walking. = ka-

nojo-wa tsuka-rete-ita，sore-demo aruki-tsuzu-keta

new.[ a-tara-shi-i ] ex. Mary has a new doll. = Mary-wa a-tara-shi-i nin-gyo-o

mo-tte-i-masu

newspaper.[ shin-bu-n ] ex. What newspaper do you take? = nani shin-bu-n-o to-tte-

hmasu-ka

next.[ tsugi-no, tona-ri-ni ] 防

next Friday = tsugi-no (kondo-no) kin-yobi

ex. He

stood next to me. = kare-wa watashi-no tona-ri-ni ta-tta

nice.[ yo-i, tano-shi-i, bimyo-na ] ex. We had a nice time at the party. = watashi-tachi-wa patT-

de tano-shi-i toki-o sugo-shita It’s very nice of you.= go-shin-setsu arigaW-goza-i-masu

nicelooking.[ kawa-i-i ] nickname.[ a-i-sho, ada-na ] ex. Bob is a nickname for Robert. = Bobu-towa Robato-no

a-i-shd-de-aru

niece.[ me-i ] ex. A niece is the daughter of one’s brother or sister. = me-i-

towa kyoda-i-ya shima-卜no mu-sume-no koto-desu

night.[ yoru ] ex. He works night and day. = kare-wa yoru-mo hiru-mo

sh •卜goto-o suru

nine.[ kyu, kokono-tsu ] nineteen.[ ju-kyu ] 199

ninety-none

ninety.[ kyu-ju ] ninth.[ da-i-kyu, kyu-ban-me ] nitrogen.[ chi-sso] ex. Nitrogen is used as in compounds to make the land fertile.=

chi-sso-wa kagd-butsu-to-shite tochi-o koyasu tame-ni mochi-i-rare-ru

no.[ i-i-e ] 防

no more than 〜=〜shika

ex. I have no more than ten dol¬

lars. =watashi-wa jO-doru-shika mo-tte-i-na-i

nobility.[ ke-daka-sa ] ex. Captain Sccot was a man of great nobility. = Suko-tto ta-

ichd-wa jin-kaku-no hijo-ni ke-daka-i hito-deshi-ta

noble.[ koki-na, ko-ketsu-na ] ex. He is a man of noble birth. = kare-wa koki-na u-mare-

no hito-desu

nobody.[ dare-mo〜na-i ] ex. Nobody knows where he lives now. = kare-ga ima doko-

ni su-nde-iru-ka dare-mo shira-na-i

nod.[ u-nazu-ku, i-nemu-ri-suru ] ex. She nodded and smiled. = ka-nojo-wa u-nazu-ite wara-

tta He nodded off by the fire. = kare-wa danro-no sobade i-nemu-ri-o shita

noise.[ zatsu-on, so-on ] ex. Don’t make such a noise in this room. = heya-no naka-de

son-na~ni sawa-gu-na

noisy.[ sawaga-shi-i, yakama-shi-i ] ex. Don’t be noisy. = shizuka-ni shi-nasa-i

nominal.[ nama-e-no] 琢

a nominal list of students = se-ito me-ibo

nominate.[ shime-i-suru, nin-me-i-suru ] ex. He was nominated for the position of a director. = kare-wa

juyaku-ni nin-me-i-sareta

none.[ suko-sm-mo ~ na-i, dare-mo〜na-i ] 200

nonsense-notable ex. None of them are left. = dare-mo noko-tte-i-na-i

The

price is none too expensive. = nedan-wa suko-shi-mo

takaku-na-i

nonsense.[ baka-na, kudara-na-i ] ex.

Don’t talk nonsense. =

baka-na koto-o yu-u-na

Nonsense! = kudara-na-i!，baka-baka-shi-i!

nook.[ sumi, kata-sumi ] 琢

every nook and cranny = sumi-kara sumi-made

noon.[ shogo] ex. We are leaving at noon. = wareware-wa shogo-ni shu-

ppatsu-shi-masu

normal.[ se-ijo-na, fu-tsu-no] 防

normal temperature = he-i-netsu

ex. The normal tempera¬

ture of the human body is 98.6°F (degrees Fahrenheit). = hito-

no he-i-netsu-wa kashi kyQjO-hachi-ten roku-do (98.6°F = 37°C)-desu

north.[ kita ] ex. The North Star is seen to the north. = ho-kkyoku-se-i-wa

kita-no ho-ni mi-e-masu The city is in the north of the pre¬ fecture. =sono shi-wa ken-no hoku-bu-ni arimasu The city is 15 miles north of New York. = sono sm-wa Nyu-yoku-no kita ju-go-ma-iru-no tokoro-ni ari-masu

northern.[ kita-no, no]

kita-muK卜no,

kita-gawa-

ex. Our office is on the northern side of the building.=

watashi-tachi-no jimu-sho-wa sono tate-mono-no kitagawa-ni ari-masu

nose.[ hana ] ex. You breathe and smell through your nose. = hana-de

kokyO-shi-tari ni-o-i-o ka-i-dari-suru

not.[〜na-i ] ex. He is not young. = kare-wa waka-ku-na-i

notable.[ chumoku-ni

ata-i-suru,

ichi-jiru201

note-nourish

shi-i ] ex. His philosophy on life is notable. = kare-no jinse-i-ni ta-

i-suru kanga-e-kata-wa chumoku-ni ata-i-suru

note.[ noto, chumoku-suru, kaki-tome-ru ] ex. The students took notes on his lecture. = gaku-se-i-tachi-

wa kare-no kogi-no noto-o to-tta Now note what I do next. = sa tsugi-ni watashi-no suru koto-ni go-chiJ-ikudasa-i

notebook.[ noto, te-cho] ex. Whose notebook is this? = kore-wa dare-no ndto-desu-

ka

noted.[ yume-i-na ] ex. Japan is noted for Mt. Fuji and Kyoto. = nihon-wa Fuji-

san-ya Kydto-de yOme-i-desu

nothing.[ nani-mo〜na-i ] ex. I have nothing in my pocket. = watashi-wa poke-tto-ni

nani-mo mo-tte-na-i I have nothing to do with the matter.= watashi-wa sono jiken-ni nani-mo kanke-i arimasen His failure is nothing to me. = kare-no shi-ppa-iwa watashi-niwa nan-demo-na-i

notice.[ chu-i, ke-iji ] ex. Don’t put any notices on the wall. = kabe-ni ke-iji-o shi-

na-i-de-kudasa-i

notion.[ kanga-e ] notwithstanding.[〜nimo-kakawa-razu ] ex. I went on a picnic notwithstanding the rain. = watashi-wa

ame-nimo-kakawa-razu piku-n卜kkurni deka-keta

noun.[ me-i-shi ] 防

noun clause = me-i-sn卜setsu

防

noun phrase = me-i-

shi-ku

nourish.[ yashi-na-u, ida-ku ] ex. The parents nourish a hope in bringing up their child. = ryo-

shin-wa kodomo-o soda-teru koto-ni kibo-o ida-ite-iru

202

nourishing-number

nourishing.[ e-iyo-no aru ] nourishment.[ e-iyo-butsu ] novel.[ sho-setsu ] ex. This novel is full off action and adventure. = kono sho-

setsu-wa aku-shon-to boken-ga i-ppa-i-da

novelist.[ sho-setsu-ka ] ex. He wants to be a novelist. = kare-wa shd-setsu-ka-ni

nari-ta-i-to omo-tte-iru

November.[ ju-ichi-gatsu ] ex. The weather in November is quite pleasant. = jO-ichi~

gatsu-no tenko-wa naka-naka ka-i-teki-da

now.[ ima, sate, dewa, sa ] ex. What time is it now? = ima nan-ji-desu-ka play tennis. = sa te-nisu-o shiyo

Now, let’s

I’m coming right now.=

ima sugu ma-iri-masu from now on = kore-karawa Now I am older, I’ve changed my mind. = toshi-o to-ttanode ki-mochi-ga kawa-tta 跋

nowadays.[ ima-dewa, kono-goro-wa ] ex. Nowadays lots of people take trips around the world.=

kono-goro-wa taku-san-no hito-bito-ga seka-i i-ssho ryoko-o suru

nowhere.[ doko-nimo〜na-i ] ex. He was nowhere to be found. = kare-wa doko-nimo

mitsu-kara-na-i

nuclear.[ gen-shi-kaku-no] ex. The use of nuclear weapons must be avoided for world peace. =kaku-he-iki-no shiyo-wa seka-i-he-iwa-no tameniwa sake-neba-nara-na-i

nucleus.[ gen-shi-kaku ] nuisance.[ me-i-waku, urusa-i ] 防

What a nuisance! = urusa-i-na!

number.[ kazu, ban-go J ex. We are ten in number. = watashi-tachi-no ninzu-wa jQ-

203

nun-nymph nin-desu What is your telephone number? = denwa bango-wa nan-ban-desu-ka

nun.[ ama] ex. A nun is a woman devoted to a religious life under vows.=

ama-towa chika-i-o tate-te shinko-se-i-katsu-ni mi-o sasa-geta jose-i-o i-i-masu

nurse.[ kango-fu, o-mori-o suru ] ex. She served him just like a hospital nurse. = ka-nojo-wa

byd-in-no kango-fu-no yoni kare-ni tsuka-eta The mother was nursing her baby. = sono haha-oya-wa akanbo-no o-mori-o shite-ita

nurse-maid.[ ko-mori ] nut.[ ki-no-mi ] ex. The children went gathering nuts in the woods. = kodomo-

tachi-wa ki-no-mi-o a-tsume-ni mori-e i-tta

nutrition.[ e-iyo-shoku, e-iyo-butsu ] nymph.[ ninfu, yose-i ] ex. There is a beautiful nymph called Echo in Greek Myths.=

Giri-sha shinwa-niwa Eko-to yu u-tsuku-shi-i ninfu-ga iru

204

oak.[ kashi-no-ki, nara-no-ki ] ex. It is said that an oak tree is a noble tree. = kashi-no-ki-wa

ke-daka-i ki-da-to iwarete-iru

oath.[ chika-i ] ex. He made an oath before God. = kare-wa kami-no ma-e-

de chika-i-o tate-ta

obedience.[ fuku-ju, juju-n ] 防

in obedience to〜=〜m shita-ga-tte

ex. Act in obedi¬

ence to my order. = watashi-no me-ire-’卜ni shita-ga-tte

yari-nasa-i

obedient.[ joju-n-na, suna-o-na ] obey.[ shita-ga-u, yu koto-o kiku ] ex. You should obey your parents. = ryoshin-no yu koto-o

kika-naku-tewa-nara-na-i He obeyed the law. = kare-wa hd-ritsu-ni shita-ga-tta

object.[ mono, moku-teki, hanta-i-suru ] ex. He found a strange object in the dark. = kare-wa kurayami-de hen-na mono-o mitsu-keta What is the object in your going abroad? = a-nata-ga ga-i-koku-e yuku mokuteki-wa nan-desu-ka He objected to working on Sundays. =kare-wa nichi-yobi-ni hata-raku-no-ni hanta-i-shita

objection.[ hanta-i ] ex. I have no objection to your proposal. = watashi-wa

a-

nata-no te小an-ni hanta-i-dewa-na-i

obligation.[ gimu, ongi ] ex. One should fulfil one’s obligation. = hito-wa jibu-n-no

gimu-o hata-sa-neba-nara-na-i We are under an obliga¬ tion to him for his assistance. = watashi-tachi-wa kare-no

tasuke-ni ta-i-shite ongi-ga aru

205

oblige-occasion

oblige.[ muri-ni

sa-seru，shin-setsu-ni suru ]

〜

ex. He obliged me to go there. = kara-wa watashi-o soko-e

muri-ni yuka-seta Much obliged to you for your kindness.= go-shin-setsu honto-ni arigato

observance.[ mamo-ru koto] ex. What is needed is the strict observance of the doctor’s direc¬ tions. =hi-tsuyd-na koto-wa i-sha-no shiji-o genjo-ni

mamo-ru koto-desu

observation.[ kan-satsu, sho-ken ] 跋

keen observation = surudo-i kan-satsu-ryoku

ex. I

made a few observations on the event. = sono jiken-ni tsu-ite

ni-san-no sho-ken-o nobe-ta

observe.[ kan-satsu-suru, ki-zuku, mamo-ru ] ex. He observed the behavior of birds in the woods. = kare-wa

mori-no naka-de tor卜no se-ita-i-o kan-satsu-shita

observer.[ kan-satsu-sha ] ex. Writers must be real observers of human nature. = sa-kka-

wa nin-gen-se-i-no shin-no kan-satsu-sha-de-nakereba nara-na-i

obstacle.[ shoga-i, shoga-i-butsu ] ex. He won the first prize in an obstacle race. = kare-wa sho-

ga-i-butsu-kyoso-de yusho-shita

obstinate.[ ganko-na, gojo-na ] ex. Don’t be so obstinate. = son-na-ni gojo-o haru-na

obstruct.[ jama-suru, boga-i-suru ] obstruction.[ boga-i, shoga-i ] obtain.[ kaku-toku-suru, te-ni-ireru ] obvious.[ ha-kkiri-shita, me-i-haku-na, mi-esu-ita ] ex. It is obvious that one and two are three. = ichi-tasu ni-wa

san-de-aru-no-wa me-i-haku-na koto-da

occasion.[ ba-a-i, kika-i ] ex. This is not an occasion for laughter. = ima-wa wara-tte-

206

occasional-odor iru ba-a-i-dewa-na-i Please write to me on occasion.= ori-ni fure-te tayori-o kudasa-i

occasional.[ rinji-no, toki-ori ] ex. He paid an occasional visit to me. = kare-wa toki-ori

watashi-o homon-shita

occupation.[ shoku-gyo, senryo] ex. He has no fixed occupation. = kare-niwa te-i-shoku-ga

na-i

occupy.[ senryo-suru ] ex. They tried to occupy the enemy’s territory. = karera-wa

teki-no ryochi-o senryo shiyo-to shita

He occupied an

important position in his company. = kare-wa ka-i-sha-de

juyo-na chi-i-o shime-ta

occur.[ okoru, omo-i-u-kabu ] ex. This must not occur again. = kon-na koto-wa ni-do-to

a-tte-wa nara-na-i His name did not occur to me. = kareno nama-e-ga omo-i-u-kaba-naka-tta

ocean.[ ta-iyo ] ex. In old days it took many days to sail across the ocean.=

muka-shi-wa ta-iyo-o odan-suru-no-ni o-oku-no ni-ssuga kaka-tta

o’clock.[ ji ] ex. I get up at six o’clock every morning. = watashi-wa ma-i-

asa roku-ji-ni oki-masu

October.[ ju-gatsu ] ex. It is neither too hot nor cold in October. = ju-gatsu-wa

atsu-sugi-mo samu-sugi-mo shi-na-i

odd.[ fu-gawari-na, yobu-n-no, kisu-no] ex. He is a very odd fellow. = kare-wa ta-ihen fu-gawari-na

yatsu-da We made good use of our odd moments.= watashi-tachi-wa yoka-o jdzu-ni riyo-shita ^ odd num¬ ber =kisu

odor, odour.[ ni-o-i ] 207

offend-oil ex. There was an odour of roses in the room. = heya-wa bara-

no ni-o-i-ga shi-mashi-ta

offend.[ okora-seru, ki-ni sawa-ru ] ex. She is deeply offended by his conduct. = ka-nojo-wa

kare-no ko-i-o

ta-ihen oko-tte-iru I’m sorry If I’ve offended you. = o-ki-ni sawa-tta-no-nara o-yuru-shikudasa-i

offensive.[ iya-na, kogeki-teki-na] ex. The smell of the plant is very offensive. = sono shoku-

butsu-no n•卜o-•卜wa ta-ihen iya-da

* offensive weapons

球

=kogeki-yd buki

offer.[ moshi-deru, moshi-ide ] ex. He offered to help me. = kare-wa watashi-o enjo-shiyo-

to mDshi-deta He accepted the offer under several condi¬ tions. =kare-wa iku-tsuka-no joken-no moto-ni sono moshide-o u-keta

office.[ jimu-sho, yaku-sho] 防

a box office = nyujO-ken uri-ba

ぽ

a head office = hon-

sha

officer.[ shoko, yaku-nin ] ex. I wanted to become an army officer. = watashi-wa riku-

gu-n-shokO-ni nari-taka-tta

琢

the public officers =

komu-in

official.[ komu-in, kO-shiki-no] often.[ shiba-shiba, yoku ] ex. I have often been to that bar. = watashi-wa sono ba_e

nando-mo i-tta koto-ga ar卜masu

oh.[ oya, ma, o-o ] ex. Oh! What a pretty bird it is! =

nante kire-i-na tori-

nan-deshd

oil.[ abura, seki-yu ] ex. Oil does not mix with water. = abura-to mizu-wa maza-

ra-na-i

208

old-open

old.[ toshi-to-tta, furu-i ] a-nata-wa

nan-sa-i-desu-

ex.

How old are you? =

ka

Kyoto is an old city. = Kyoto-wa furu-i miyako-desu

old fashioned.[ kofu-na, jida-i-okure-no] ex. She went to the party wearing her old-fashioned dress. = ka-

nojo-wa jida-i-okure-no fuku-so-de patT-ni deka-keta

Olympic.[ orin-pi-kku ] omit.[ oko-taru, habu-ku, nuka-su ] ex. I will omit this page. = kono peji-wa habu-ki-masu

once.[ ichi-do, muka-shi ] once upon a time = muka-shi-muka-shi

ex. Once you

跋

understand this rule, you will have no further difficulties. = i-ttan

kono horitsu-o rika-i-shita-kara-niwa koto-wa na-i all at once = totsu-zen

muzuka-shi-i

跋

one.[ ichi, hito-tsu ] ex. I cannot go. For one thing I have no money. = boku-wa

yuke-na-i, hito-tsu-niwa kane-ga na-i hi

one day = aru

防

oneself.[ jibu-n-ji-shin-ni ] 跋

for oneself = doku-ryoku-de

ex. One can’t live for one¬

self. =hito-wa doku-ryoku-de ikite-yuku koto-wa deki-

na-i

^ by oneself = hito-ri-de It is not proper that one should live by oneself. = hito-ri-dake-de kurasu-bekidewa-na-i of oneself = hito-ride-ni 隊

onion.[ tama-negi ] ex. There was too much onion in the salad. = sono sarada-

niwa tama-negi-ga ha-ir卜sugi-te-ita

only.[ tada-hito-tsu-no ] 防

his only daughter = kare-no hito-ri-mu-sume

ex. You

have only to come tomorrow. = kimi-wa asu ki-sa-e-su-

reba yo-i

open.[ hira-ku, akeru, ka-igyo-suru ] ex. He opened the door to let me in. = kare-wa do-a-o akete

209

opening-opposition watashi-o naka-e ireta The race is open to all. = konoresu-wa tobi-iri jiyG-desu

opening.[ ka-i-shi, ka-ika-i ] ex. She arrived late for the opening of the meeting. = ka-nojo-

wa ka-ika-i-ni okurete tsu-ita

He made an opening

address at the meeting. = kare-wa sono ka-i-de ka-ika-i-

no a-i-satsu-o nobe-ta

operate.[ ugo-kasu, suru ]

sosa-suru,

shu-jutsu-

ex. The lift is operated by electric power. = ri-futo-wa den-

ryoku-de ugo-ku The doctor decided to operate upon her.= i-sha-wa ka-nojo-ni shu-jutsu-suru koto-o kime-ta

operator.[ kokan-shu ] 跋

a telephone operator = denwa kokan-shu

opinion.[ iken, kanga-e ] ex. In my opinion a war will not occur. = watashi-no kanga-

e-dewa sensd-wa okora-na-i-daro

I am of the opinion

that smoking is a bad habit. = watashi-wa kitsu-en-wa

waru-i shokan-da-to omo-i-masu

opium.[ ahen ] opportunity.[ kika-i ] ex. I’ll call on you at the first opportunity. = kika-i-ga ari-

shiaa-i o-ukaga-i ita-shi-masu

oppose.[ hanta-i-suru, te-iko-suru ] ex. She became angry when I opposed her plan. = ka-nojo-wa

watashi-ga ka-nojo-no ke-i-kaku-ni hanta-i-shita toki oko-tta

opposite.[ hanta-i-gawa-no, hanta-•卜no1 ex. The stranger went away in the opposite direction. = sono

mi-shira-nu hito-wa hanta-i-no hoko-e sa-tta

opposition.[ hanta-i, te-iko] ex. They acted in opposition to public opinion. = karera-wa

seron-ni hanta-i-no kodo-o shita

210

optician-order

optician.[ mega-ne-sho] optimist.[ raku-ten-ka ] option.[ sen-taku-no jiyu, sen-taku-no ken-ri ] ex. Fight or run ; it was my option. = tataka-u-ka nige-ru-ka

watashi-no jiyu-da-tta

or.[ mata-wa, ~ ka ] A or B = A-ka B_ka ex. You or I am to blame. = kimi-ka watashi-ka-ga waru-i-noda

防

oracle.[ kami-no o-tsuge, shin-taku, miko] oral.[ koto-no ] ^ an oral examination = kdtd-shiken，koto-shi-mon

orange.[ o-renji ] ex. Are oranges produced in warm districts? = o-renji-wa ata-

taka-i chiho-de deki-ru-no-desu-ka

orator.[ ben-shi, en-zetsu-sha ] oratorical.[ en-zetsu-no] oratorical contest = ben-ron ta-ika-i, yuben ta-ika-i

防

orchard.[ kaju-en ] ex. He sends me apples from his orchard every year. = kare-wa

ma-i-nen jibu-n-no kaju-en-de tore-ta ringo-o watashini oku-tte-kure-ru

orchestra.[ okesu-tora ] orcnid.[ ran ] ordain.[ sada-meru ] ex. God has ordained us to die. = kami-wa watashi-tachi-o

shisu-beki mono-to sada-me-tamota

order.[ me-ire-i-suru, chumon-suru ] ex. The doctor ordered me to stay in bed. =

watashi-ni nete-iru yoni me-iji-ta

i-sha-wa

I ordered some books

from America. = watashi-wa hon-o su-satsu Ame-rika-ni

chOmon-shita

防

a post money order = yubin kawase

ter out of order = kuru-tte-iru

My watch is out of order.=

watashi-no toke-i-wa kuru-tte-iru

^ in order that …may

211

ordinary-orphan (will)〜=…ga

suru yoni

〜

He works hard in order that he

kare-wa shiken-ni gokakusuru yoni i-sshd-ken-me-i benkyd-shite-iru

may pass the examination. =

ordinary.[ fu-tsQ-no, i-tsumo-no] ex. You should do it in an ordinary way. =

i-tsumo-no yari-

kata-de sore-o yaru-beki-de-aru

ore.[ koseki ] ex. The factory is treating iron ore. =

sono kojo-wa te-kkO-o

shori-shite-iru

organ.[ kikan, oru-gan ] ex. Something is wrong with your digestive organs. =

a-nata-

wa shdka-kikan-ga doko-ka waru-i

organization.[ so-shiki, danta-i, kumi-a-i ] organize.[ so-shiki-suru ] ex. They organized workers into a labor union. =

karera-wa

rOdO-sha-o so-shiki-shite rddO-kumi-a-i-o tsuku-tta Orient.[ toyo ] Occident = se-iydi ex. I live in the Orient. = watashi-wa toyd-ni sunde-i-masu

original.[ sa-i-sho-no, dokuso-teki-na] ^

an original study =

dokusO-teki-na kenkyu

originality.[ hon-mono, dokuso-ryoku ] originate.[ okoru, haji-maru, shojiru, ko-ansuru ] ex. The quarrel originated from a misunderstanding. =

sono

kenka-wa karera-no goka-i-kara shojita

originator.[ so-setsu-sha, ko-an-sha, sosakusha] ornament.[ soshoku-hin, oki-mono, kaza-ru ] o-okuno u-tsuku-shi-i oki-mono-ga tana-no u-e-ni oka-reteita The hall was ornamented with a lot of flowers. = sono

ex. Many beautiful ornaments were put on the shelf. =

horu-wa taku-san-no hana-de kazaィare-te-ita

orphan.[ koji ] 212

orphanage-ourselves ex. There is a great number of orphans in the world. =

jO-niwa kiwa-mete taku-san-no koji-ga iru asylum = yogo-shi-setsu

seka-卜

球orphan

orphanage.[ yogo-shi-setsu ] ostrich.[ da-cho] other.[ ta-no, betsu-no] kare-wa to-orino mukd-gawa-ni su-nde-iru 跋 each other = o-taga-ini They looked at each other and smiled. = karera-wa otaga-i-ni ka-o-o mi-awa-sete ni-kkori-shita others =ta-nin Be kind to others. = ta-nin-niwa shin-setsu-ni shi-nasa-i

ex. He lives on the other side of the street. =

暖

otherwise.[ betsu-no hoho-de, betsu-na fQni] ex. I think otherwise. =

watashi-wa betsu-na kanga-e-ga

ari-masu

otter.[ kawa-uso, kawa-uso-no ke-gawa ] ouch.[ ita-i ] ought.[ beki-de-aru, hazu-de-aru ] kimi-wa 卜sha-no chukoku-ni shita-ga-u-beki-de-aru He ought to have ar¬ rived there by this time. = kare-wa ima-goro soko-e tsu-ite-iru hazu-desu

ex. You ought to obey the doctor’s advice. =

ounce.[ onsu ] our.[ watashi-tachi-no, wareware-no ] ex. This is our school. =

kore-wa watashi-tachi-no ga-

kko-desu

ours.[ watashi-tachi-no mono] ex. Your family is bigger than ours. =

kimi-no kazoku-wa

watashi-tachi-no kazoku-yori o-o-i

ourselves.[ watashi-tachi-ji-shin ] ex. We enjoyed ourselves singing songs. =

watashi-tacni-wa

uta-o uta-tte tano-shinda

213

out-overcome

out.[ soto-e, hazu-rete ] kare-wa sanpo-ni dekaketa out of season = ki-setsu hazu-re outdoor.[ yaga-i-no ] indoor = oku-na-i-no) outdoor theatre = yaga-i gekijo ex. He went out for a walk. =

(特

跋

outlet.[ de-guchi, hake-guchi, hanro, ko-uriten ] ex. He wants an outlet for his energy. =

kare-wa se-i-ryoku-

no hake-guchi-o moto-mete-iru Many good outlets are necessary for manufacturers. = o-oku-no yo-i hanro-ga sei-san-sha-niwa hi-tsuyd-desu

outline.[ rin-kaku, ta-iyo, ga-iyo] ex. She gave us an outline of her experience. =

ka-nojo-wa

jibu-n-no ta-iken-no ta-iyo-o nobe-ta

outlive.[〜yori naga-iki-suru ] ex. He outlived his brothers. =

kare-wa kyoda-i-tachi-yori

naga-ik 卜 shita

out-of-date.[ ryuko-okure ] output.[ se-i-san-daka] ex. The factory has a daily output of 1,000 cars. =

sono kojo-

wa hibi sen-da-i-no jido-sha-o se-i-san-suru

outrage.[ ranbo, fuho-ko-i, ranbo-suru ] outside.[ soto-gawa, ga-ibu ] ex. He opened the door from the outside. =

kare-wa soto-

gawa-kara do-a-o ake-ta

over.[〜no u-e-ni, ~ ijo-no] oka-no u-e_ni kaka-tta kumo-o go-ran-nasa-i I heard the news over the radio.= watashi-wa sono nyOsu-o raji-o-de kiki-mashi-ta fall over = hi-kkuri-ka-eru He fell over and hurt his elbow. = kare-wa koro-nde hiji-o ita-meta ex. Look at the clouds over the hill. =

跋

overcome.[ uchi-katsu, ma-ira-seru, ma-iru ] ex. She overcame a lot of difficulties. =

214

ka-nojo-wa o-oku-no

overeat-own kon-nan-ni uchi-ka-tta She is overcome by lack ka-nojo-wa ne-bu-soku-no tame ma-i-tte-iru

of sleep.=

overeat.[ tabe-sugi-ru ] overflow.[ han-ran-suru, afu-reru ] ex. The river overflows its bank every year. =

sono kawa-wa

ma-i-nen han-ran-suru The crowd overflowed gu-n-shu-wa horu-no soto-made afu-re-deta

the hall.=

overlap.[ kasa-nari-a-u, chofuku-suru ] overpopulation.[ jinko-kajo] overseas.[ ka-iga-i-ni, ga-i-koku-e ] ^ an overseas broadcast program =

ka-iga-i-muke hoso-

ban-gumi

overtake.[ o-i-tsuku, o-i-nuku ] ex. You will overtake them on the way. =

kimi-wa to-chO-de

karera-ni o-i-tsuku-daro

overthrow.[ ta-osu, dato-suru ] overtime.[ choka-kin-mu, encho-sen ] ex. The game went into overtime. =

sono shi-a-i-wa encho-

sen-ni ha-i-tta

overturn.[ hi-kkuri-ka-esu, dato-suru ] ex. They planned to overturn the government. =

karera-wa

se-ifu-o dato-suru ke-i-kaku-o ne-tta

owe.[ sha-kkin-ga aru, okage-de-aru ]

kari-ga aru,〜no

boku-wa kare-ni sen-yen karite-iru I owe what I am to my father. = watashi-ga konnichi aru-no-wa chichi-no okage-desu

ex. I owe him 1,000 yen. =

owing.[ kari-ga aru ] owing to ~ =〜no

tame-ni Owing to the rain, we could not go there. = watashi-tachi-wa ame-no tame-ni soko-e ike-masen-deshi-ta 防

own.[ jibu-n-ji-shin-no, doku-toku-no] ex. He has his own car. =

kare-wa jibu-n-no jidosha-o

215

owner-ozone mo-tte-iru The fruit has its own flavor. mono-wa doku-toku-no aji-ga aru

=

sono kuda-

owner.[ mochi-nushi, shoyu-sha ] ex. He is the owner of that car. =

kare-ga sono kuruma-no

mochi-nushi-desu

ownership.[ shoyu-ken ] ox.[ o-u-shi ] ex. It is easy to tell an ox from a cow. =

o-u-shi-to me-u-shi-

o ku-betsu-suru-no-wa kan-tan-da

Oxford University.[ o-kkusu-fodo da-i-gaku ] oxygen.[ sanso] oyster.[ kaki ] ex. Oysters are used for food. =

ozone.[ ozon ]

216

kaki-wa shoku-yo-ni naru

pace.[ ho-cho, pesu ] Pacific.[ ta-ihe-i-yo ] ex. The ocean between Asia and America is called the Pacific.=

Aji-a-to Ame-rika-no a-ida-ni aru ta-iyo-wa ta-ihe-i-ydto yoba-reru

pack.[ tsu-tsumi, ni-zuku-ri-o suru ] kare-wa watashi-ga hon-o ni-zuku-ri-suru-no-o te-tsuda-tta

ex. He helped me pack my books. =

package.[ tsu-tsumi, ni-motsu ] page ……[peji] ex. Now, let us open the book at page 65. =

sa hon-no roku-

ju-go-peji-o hira-ko

pain.[ itami, ku-shin, hone-ori ] ex. I have a pain in my chest. =

watashi-wa mune-ga ita-i

painful.[ itama-shi-i ] kare-no shi-wa kare-no ryoshin-ni to-tte ta-ihen itama-shi-i koto-da-tta

ex. His death was painful to his parents. =

paint.[ e-o kaku, e-nogu ] ex. He painted this picture. =

kare-ga kono e-o ka-ita

painter.[ gaka, penki-ya] ex.

His father is a famous water-color painter. =

kare-no

chichi-oya-wa ydme-i-na su-i-sa-i-gaka-desu

painting.[ e-o kaku koto, ka-iga ] ex. My hobby is painting. =

watashi-no shumi-wa

e-o

kaku

koto-desu

pair.[ hito-kumi ] ex. She bought a new pair of shoes. =

ka-nojo-wa a-tara-

shi-i kutsu-o i-ssoku ka-tta

pal.[ tomo-dachi ] (= ^end) 217

palace-pant ex. I have a pen pal in America. =

watashi-wa Ame-rika-ni

pen-fu-rendo-ga i-masu

palace.[ kyuden ] 跋 the Imperial Palace =

kokyo

pale.[ a-o-jiro-i, usu-i ] ka-nojo-wa sono koke-iblue = usu-i a-o-iro

ex. She turned pale at the sight. =

o mite a-oku na-tta

^

a pale

palm.[ teno-hira] pamphlet.[ pan-fure-tto] ex. Have you any magazines or pamphlets on this subject?=

kono monda-i-ni kan-suru za-sshi-ka pan-fure-tto-o omochi-desu-ka

pan.[ nabe ] 跋

frying pan =

fura-i-pan

pane.[ mado-garasu ] ex. How many panes of glass were broken by the earthquake last

saku-ya-no ji-shin-de mado-garasu-ga nanma-i koware-masm-ta-ka

night? =

panel.[ hame-ita, pa-neru ] pang.[ itami, kuru-shimi ] ex. Once you tell a lie, you will suffer the pangs of conscience.=

ichi-do uso-o tsuke-ba rydshin-no kuru-shimi-o u-keru koto-ni naru

panic.[ pani-kku, awa-te futa-meku ] ex. When a fire broke out at the rock concert, the crowd panick¬ ed. =ro-kku

kon-sBto ka-ijo-de kaji-ga okoru-to gu-nsho-wa pani-kku-ni ochbi-tta

pansy.[ panjT, san-shoku-sumi-re ] ex. There are a lot of pansies in my garden. =

watashi-no

niwa-niwa taku-san-no panjT-ga aru

pant.[ a-egu, a-egi-nagara yu ] ex. The dog was panting very heavily. =

a-e-ide-ita

218

sono i-nu-wa hidoku

paper-parent

paper.[ kami, shin-bu-n ] dozo kami-o ichi-mapaper? = kyd-no shin-

ex. Please give me a piece of paper. =

i kudasa-i Have you read bu-n-o yomi-mashi-ta-ka

parade.[ gyoretsu, kasu ]

today’s

koshin-suru,

mise-bira-

J-suta-no paredo-o

ex. Let’s go and see the Easter Parade. =

mi-ni iko

paradise.[ ten-goku, raku-en ] kono kd-en-wa

ex. This park is a paradise for children. =

kodomo-no raku-en-da

paradox.[ gyaku-setsu ] ex. “More haste, less speed” is a paradox. =

「iso-gaba

mawarej-to yu-no-wa gyaku-setsu-da

paragraph.[ dan-raku, ku-giri ] ex. This essay consists of ten paragraphs. =

kono e-sse-i-wa

ji-ssetsu-kara na-tte-iru

parallel.[ he-iko, he-iko-sen ] ex. This road runs parallel to the railway. =

kono michi-wa

tetsu-do-to he-iko-shite hashi-tte-iru

paraphrase.[ i-i-ka-eru, i-yaku-suru ] ex. A good way of learning a language is to paraphrase difficult

kotoba-o mana-bu yo-i hoho-wa muzukashi-i bu-n-shd-o i-i-ka-eru koto-desu sentences. =

parcel.[ ko-zu-tsumi, tsu-tsumi ] ex. I sent a parcel to a friend of mine. =

watashi-wa yujin-ni

ko-zu-tsumi-o oku-tta

pardon.[ yuru-su ] sumi-masen， mo ichi-do i-ttefor being late. = okurete sumi-

ex. Beg your pardon. =

kudasa-i

Pardon me

masen

parent.[ oya, ryoshin ] ex. He tried to make his parents happy. =

kare-wa rydshin-o

219

paris-participate kofuku-ni shiyo-to tsuto-meta

Paris.[ pari ] park.[ ko-en, chusha-jo] ex. Let’s take a walk in the park. = kd-en-o sanpo-shiyo 跋

a national park = koku-ritsu ko-en

parley.[ wahe-i-kosho, te-•卜sen-ka-igi ] parliament.[ ko-kka-i, gika-i ] ex. The British Parliament consists of the House of Lords and the House of Commons. = e-i-koku-no ko-kka-i-wa jo-in-to

ka-in-kara na-tte-iru

parlor.[ ima ] (= 咏

Sitting room, living room)

a beauty parlor = biyo-in

parrot.[ omu ] ex. He only repeats what others say ; he is a parrot. = kare-wa

ta-nin-no yO koto-o kuri-ka-e-shite-iru-dake-desu ; kare-wa omu-no yd-da

part.[ ichi-bu, waka-reru (= part from), te-banaSU (= part with)] ex. I will tell you part of the story. = kimi-ni sono hana-shi-

no ichi-bu-o hana-so It is three years since I parted from her. = ka-nojo-to waka-rete-kara san-nen-ni naru The little girl refused to part with her old doll. = sono shOjo-wa furu-i nin-gyd_o te-bana-su-no-o koban-da

partake.[ sanka-suru ] ex. Did you partake in the meeting last night? = yube-wa shd-

ka-i-ni sanka-shi-masM-ta-ka

partial.[ ichi-bubu-n-no, eko-bi-iki-o suru ] ex. A teacher should not be partial to any one student.=

sense-i-wa jibu-n-no se-ito-ni eko-hi-iki-o su-beki-dena-i

participate.[ sanka-suru ] ex. We participated in the children’s game and had a very good time. =

220

watashi-tachi-mo kodomo-tachi-no gemu-ni

particular-passionate sanka-shite to-temo tano-shi-i jikan-o sugo-shita

particular.[ toku-betsu-no, doku-toku-no ] ex. I have nothing in particular to do today. = kyo-wa toku-ni

suru koto-wa nani-mo na-i

partly.[ bubu-n-teki-ni ] ex. I am learning English, partly because it gives me pleasure, and partly because it is useful to me. = boku-ga e-igo-o

benkyo-shite-iru-no-wa hito-tsu-niwa hito-tsu-niwa yaku-ni tatsu-kara-desu

tano-shi-i-shi

partner.[ naka-ma, a-ite, patona ] ex. Who is your partner in the tennis match? = kimi-no te-

nisu-no patona-wa dare-desu-ka

party.[ patT, to ] ex. I was invited to his birthday party. = watashi-wa kare-no

tanjd-bi-no patT-ni shota-i-sareta What party do you sup¬ port in this election? = kimi-wa kondo-no senkyo-de nanito-o shij卜suru-no-desu-ka 破 the Democratic Party = min-shu-td ^ a third party = da-i-san-sha I am a third party to this case. = watashi-wa konoken-dewa da-i-sansha-desu

pass.[ to-oru, gokaku-suru, su-gosu ] ex. He passed by me. = kare-wa watasm-no soba-o to-o-

tta I am not sure I will pass the exam. = watasm-wa shiken-ni gokaku-suru-dard-ka Pass me the salt, please. =dozo shi-o-o mawa-shite-kudasa-i

passage.[ tsQro, i-ssetsu ] (= stanza) passenger.[ jokyaku, tsuko-nin J ex. There were more than fifty passengers on the boat. = fune-

niwa goju-nin-ijo-no jokyaku-ga no-tte-ita

passion.[ gekijo, jonetsu ] ex. Passion is a sign of youth. = jonetsu-wa waka-sa-no

shiru-shi-de-aru

passionate.[ netsu-retsu-na ] 221

passive-pathetic ex. He made a passionate speech in defense of freedom.=

kare-wa jiyu-o mamo-ru tame-ni netsu-retsu-na enzetsu-o shita

passive.[ u-kemi-no] 球

passive voice = judd-ta-i

past.[ kako-no, kako] ex. His past life was a happy one. = kare-no kako-no se-i-

katsu-wa kofuku-na mono-da-tta It has been warm for the past two weeks. = kono ni-shG-kan-wa ata-taka-deshi-ta

paste.[ nori ] ex. Do you have any paste? = nori-o mo-tte-i-masen-ka

pastime.[ goraku, ki-bara-shi ] ex. Reading books is a good pastime. = doku-sho-wa yo-i

goraku-desu

^ by way of pastime = ki-bara-shi-ni

pasture.[ bokujo] pat.[ karu-ku tata-ku, pon-to tata-ku ] ex. He patted me on the back. = kare-wa watashi-no se-

naka-o pon-to tata-ita

patch.[ tsugi, tsugi-ate ] ex. He wore a coat with patches on the elbows. = kare-wa hiji-

ni tsugi-no aru uwagi-o kite-ita

patent.[ senba-i to-kkyo, to-kkyo ] ex. Our firm has the patent for this medicine. = ware-ware-

no ka-i-sha-ga kono kusuri-no to-kkyo-ken-o mo-tte-iru

path.[ ko-michi, michi ] ex. Is there any path through the mountains? = sono yama-o

to-ori-nuke-ru michi-ga ari-masu-ka

An opportunity will

come to everyone once or twice in his path of life. = koki-to yu

mono-wa dare-n•卜demo ichi-do-ya ni-do jinse-i-kdrono uchi-de ya-tte-kuru mono-da

pathetic.[ kana-shi-i, awa-re-na ] ex. This is the most pathetic story that I have ever heard.=

kore-wa watashi-ga ima-made ki-ita ichi-ban kana-

222

patience-pea s/7/-/ hana-shi-desu

patience.[ ninta-i, ninta-i-ryoku ] ex. I have no patience with such a selfish fellow. = boku-wa

an-na jibu-n-katte-na yatsu-ni gaman-dek•卜na-i

patient.[ shinbo-zuyo-i, gaman-zuyo-i, kanja ] ex. We should be patient with the children. = watashi-tachi-

wa kodomo-tachi-ni ta-i-shite shinbo-zuyoku aru-bekida The patient will get well in a month. = sono kanja-wa hito-tsuki-de yoku-naru-deshd

patriot.[ a-i-koku-sha] ex. He gave up his life for his country ; he is a true patriot.=

kare-wa i-ssho-o kuni-ni sasa-geta ; kare-wa shin-no a-i-koku-sha-desu

patriotic.[ a-i-koku-no, a-i-koku-shin-no tsuyo-i ] ex. All the people praised him for his patriotic deed. = zen-

koku-min-ga kare-no a-i-koku-teki ko-i-o home-ta

pattern.[ mohan, kata, mihon ] ex. Show me some patterns of cloth. = nuno-no mihon-o

suko-shi mise-te-kudasa-i

pause.[ kyushi, a-ima, yasu-mi ] ex. He made a short pause and then went on reading. = kare-

wa cho-tto yasu-nde mata yomi-tsuzu-keta

pavement.[ hodo ] (= sidewalk) paw.[ a-shi ] pay.[ shi-hara-u, hara-u, kyuryo ] ex. How much did you pay for the house? = sono uchi-ni

ikura shi-hara-i-mashi-ta-ka Please pay more attention to your work. = jibu-n-no shi-goto-ni mo-tto chO-i-o haratte-kudasa-i What is your pay? = kimi-no kyuryo-wa ikura-desu-ka

payment.[ shi-hara-i, hoshu ] pea.[ endo-mame ] 223

peace-peel

peace.[ he-iwa ] ex. He wants peace, not war. = kare-wa he-iwa-o ho-

sshite-iru，sensd-dewa-na-i

peaceful.[ he-iwa-na, oda-yaka-na ] ex. The typhoon has gone, and the sea is calm and peaceful again. = ta-ifO-wa sa-tte umi-wa futa-tabi shizuka-de

oda-yaka-ni na-tta

peach.[ momo] ex. There is a peach tree in my garden. = uchi-no niwa-ni

momo-no-ki-ga ari-masu

peacock.[ kujaku ] ex. Have you ever seen a peacock in his pride? = kujaku-ga

hane-o hiro-geta tokoro-o mita koto-ga ari-masu-ka

peak.[ sa-iko-ten, chojo] pear.[ nashi, se-iyo-nashi ] ex. The pear is now in season. = ima-wa nashi-no ki-

setsu-desu

pearl.[ shinju ] 跋

Pearl Harbor = Shinju-wan

peasant.[ nofu, i-naka-mono ] pebble.[ ko-i-shi ] peck.[ tsu-tsuku ] peculiar.[ tokuyu-na, myo-na ] ex. You look a little peculiar with that hat on. = kimi-ga sono

bOshi-o kabu-ru-to cho-tto hen-da

Language is peculiar

to man. = kotoba-wa nin-gen tokuyd-no mono-da

peculiarly.[ toku-ni ] 琢

,

She is peculiarly sensitive to smell. = ka-nojo-wa ni-o-i-ni

toku-ni bin-kan-de-aru

pedestrian.[ hoko-sha ](= walker) peel.[ kawa-o muku ] ex. I peeled him an apple. = watashi-wa kare-ni ringo-o

mu-ite age-ta

224

peep-pepper

peep.[ nozo-ku ] ex. I peeped into the room through a keyhole in the door.=

watashi-wa do-a-no kagi-ana-kara heya-no naka-o nozo-ita

peer.[ ji-tto mitsu-meru ] ex. The old man was peering at me over his spectacles. = sono

rojin-wa me-gane-goshi-ni watashi-o ji-tto mite-ita

penalty.[ batsu, ba-kkin ] pencil.[ en-pitsu ] ex. Don’t write a letter with a pencil. = tegami-o en-pitsu-de

ka-ite-wa ike-na-i

penetrate.[ tsura-nuku, shimi-komu ] ex. A bullet penetrated him and he fell dead. = dan-gan-ga

kare-o tsura-nuki kare-wa ta-o-rete shinda The rain was so heavy, my clothes were penetrated. = ame-ga hidokatta-node fuku-ga bisho-nure-ni na-tte shima-tta

peninsula.[ hanto] ex. There are a lot of fish in the sea around this peninsula.=

kono hanto-no shO-i-no umi-niwa taku-san saka-na-ga i-masu

penniless.[ mon-nashi ] Pennsylvania.[ Pen-shiru-bani-a ] pen pal.[ bu-n-tsu tomo-dachi ] pension.[ nen-kin, onkyu ] ex. My grandfather has gone to the bank to draw his pension.=

watashi-no o-ji-i-san-wa nen-kin-o oroshi-ni ginko-e dekake-mashi-ta

people.[ hito-bito, koku-min ] ex. Many people go skiing in winter. = fuyu-niwa taku-san-

no hito-bito-ga sukT-ni dekake-ru

The Japanese are an

industrious people. = nihon-jin-wa kin-ben-na koku-min-

desu

pepper.[ kosho] 225

per-perfume ex. Would you pass me the pepper? = kosho-o kochira-ni

mawa-shite kudasa-i-masen-ka

per.[〜ni tsuki ] ex. He was driving at 40 miles per hour. = kare-wa ji-soku yon-ju-ma-iru-de u-n-ten-shite-ita

per cent, percent.[ pa-sento] ex. Only ten per cent of the canditates were admitted to the uni¬ versity. =shi-gan-sha-no ta-tta ji-ppa-sento-shika sono

da-i-gaku-ni nyOgaku-o kyoka-sare-naka-tta

perch.[ toma-ri-gi, toma-ru ] ex. The bird perched on his shoulder. = kotori-wa kare-no

kata-ni toma-tta

perfect.[ kan-zen-na, moshi-bu-n-no ma-ttaku-no, kan-zen-ni shi-a-geru ]

na-i,

ex. The weather during the last few days has been perfect.=

koko sujitsu-no tenki-wa mdshi-bu-n-na-i You cannot perfect yourself in a foreign language in a month or so. = hito-

tsuki-ya soko-ira-de ga-i~koku-go-o kan-zen-ni mononi-suru kotowa deki-na-i

perfection.[ kan-zen ] ex. He aims at perfection in everything. = kare-wa nani-ooto

nimo kan-zen-o meza-su

perfectly.[ kan-zen-ni, ma-ttaku, moshi-bu-nnaku ] ex. You are perfectly right. = a-nata-wa ma-ttaku tada-shi-

i She sang the song perfectly. = ka-nojowa sono uta-o mdshi-bu-n-naku jOzu-ni uta-tta

perform.[ nashi-toge-ru, hata-su ] ex. You should perform what you have promised. = yaku-soku-

shita koto-wa kana-razu hata-su-beki-da

performance.[ su-iko, engi, enso] performer.[ ji-kko-sha, enso-sha ] perfume.[ kosu-i, yo-i ka-ori ] 226

perhaps-perpetual ex. I love the smell of some perfumes. = watashi~wa aru

kdsu-i-no ni-o-i-ga suki-desu

perhaps.[ tabu-n ] ex. Perhaps it will rain in the evening. = tabu-n yOgata-niwa

ame-ga furu-daro

peril.[ kiken ] ex. The mother tried to save her child at the peril of her own life. =haha-oya-wa mi-no kiken-o oka-shite jibu-n-no ko-

domo-o suku-o-to-shita

perilous.[ kiken-na ] (= dangerous) period.[ kikan, jikan ] ex. We have six class periods a day except on Saturday. = do-

yobi-no hoka-wa ichi-nichi-ni roku-jikan-no ju-gyo-ga ari-masu

perish.[ shi-nu (= die), kare-ru, ki-eru ] ex. Hundreds of people perished in the earthquake. = so-

hyaku-nin-no hito-bito-ga sono ji-shin-de shinda

permanent.[ naga-tsuzu-ki-suru, e-i-ky口-no ] temporary = ichi-ji-no, kari-no) ex. We all hope that permanent peace will be established in the world. = wareware-wa mina seka-i-ni e-i-kyO-no he-

iwa-ga kaku-ritsu-suru koto-o nozon-de-i-masu

permission.[ kyoka, yuru-shi ] ex. By whose permission did you enter my house? = dare-no

kyoka-de boku-no uchi-ni ha-i-tta-no-desu-ka

permit.[ yuru-su, kyoka-suru ] ex. Smoking is not permitted here. = koko-wa kin-en-

desu

跋

weather permitting = tenki-ga yoke-reba

The

situation does not permit any delay. = jita-i-wa i-kkoku-no

yuyo-mo yum-sa「6-na-i

perpetual.[ e-i-kyu-no, ta-ema-no na-i ] ex. She is tired of their perpetual chattering. = ka-nojo-wa

kare-ra-no ta-ema-no na-i o-shaberi-niwa u-n-zari-

227

perplex-pet shite-iru

perplex.[ koma-rase-ru, towaku-suru ] ex. I am perplexed at his conduct because he wishes me well.=

kare-wa watashi-o omo-tte-iru-node kare-no oko-na-iniwa koma-tte-iru

persecute.[ kuru-shime-ru, nayama-su ]

haku-ga-i-suru,

ex. They persecuted the minorities during the war. = karera-

wa senso-chu-ni shosO min-zoku-o haku-ga-i-shita

perseverance.[ ninta-i, konki ] persimmon.[ kaki, kaki-no ki ] persist.[ shu-cho-suru, i-i-haru ] ex. He persisted in his opinion. = kare-wa jibu-n-no iken-o

i-i-ha-tta

persistent.[ shi-tsuko-i, ganko-na ] ex. I have been suffering from a persistent headache.=

watashi-wa shi-tsuko-i zutsu-ni nayama-sare-te-iru

person.[ hito, kojin, jin-butsu ] ex. Not a person was to be seen in the street. = to-ori-niwa

hito-kko-hito-ri mirare-naka-tta He is a very important person. = kare-wa juyo jin-butsu-de-aru

personal.[ kojin-teki-na, yoshi-no] ex. My personal opinion differs from yours. = watashi-no kojin-teki-na iken-wa kimi-no-towa chiga-u I cannot help admiring her personal beauty. = boku-wa ka-nojo-no ydshino u-tsuku-shisa-o home-zu-niwa i-rare-na-i

personality.[ kose-i ]

,

ex. A man with little personality is not attractive. = kose-i-no

na-i hito-wa mi-ryoku-ga na-i

persuade.[ se-ttoku-suru ] ex. We persuaded him to do it again. = watashi-tachi-wa

kare-o se-ttoku-shite md ichi-do sore-o yara-seta

pet.[ o-kini-iri, pe-tto, a-i-gan-dobutsu ] 228

petition-photograph ex. She is the teacher’s pet. = ka-nojo-wa sense-i-no oki-

ni-iri-da

petition.[ tan-gan, tan-gan-sho] ex. The Government should listen to the humble petitions of the people. = se-ifu-wa jin-min-no tsu-tsuma-shi-i se-i-gan-

ni mimi-o kata-muke-ru-beki-de-aru

petrol.[ gaso-rin, ] (= gasoline) petroleum.[ seki-yu ] petty.[ sasa-i-na, tsuma-rana-i ] ex. They had a petty quarrel. = kare-ra-wa tsuma-rana-i

kenka-o shita

phantom.[ mabo-roshi, yure-i ] phase.[ men, kyoku-men, danka-i ] ex. She is going through a difficult phase in her life. = ka-nojo-

wa jinse-i-no mu-zuka-sh卜i kyoku-men-ni sashi-kakatte-iru

phenomenon.[ gen-sho] ex. A rainbow is one of the most beautiful phenomena of nature.

=niji-wa mo-ttomo u-tsuku-shi-i shi-zen-gen-sho-no hito-tsu-desu

philosopher.[ tetsu-gaku-sha ] ex. Socrates was a great philosopher. = Soku-rate-su-wa

ida-i-na tetsu-gaku-sha-da-tta

philosophy.[ tetsu-gaku ] phone.[ denwa, denwa-o kake-ru ] ex. If he comes, I will phone you. = kare-ga kita-ra kimi-ni

denwa-o kake-yo

photo.[ sha-shin ] ex. I had my photo taken by my father. = watashi-wa chichi-

ni sha-shin-o to-tte-mora-tta

photograph.[ sha-shin ] ex. Will you take a photograph of us? = watashi-tachi-no

sha-shin-o to-tte-kure-masen-ka

229

phrase-picturesque

phrase.[ ku, kotoba-zuka-i ] ex. That is his favorite phrase. = sore-wa kare-no toku-i-na

monku-desu

phrasebook.[ juku-go-shu ] physical.[ bu-sshitsu-no, shinta-i-no, bu-tsurigaku-no] ex. The physical world is full of wonder. = bu-sshitsu-no

seka-i-niwa fu-shigi-na koto-ga taku-san aru 球 a physical examination = shinta-i kensa ^ physical science =bu-tsuri-gaku

physician.[ i-sha, na-ika-i ] ex. Physicians are usually distinguished from surgeons. = na-

ika-i-wa fu-tsu geka-i-to ku-betsu-sare-ru

physics.[ bu-tsuri-gaku ] ex. Physics is a group of sciences dealing with matter and ener¬ gy. =bu-tsuri-gaku-towa bu-tta-i-ya ene-rugT-ni kan-

suru ichi-ren-no gaku-mon-desu

piano.[ pi-ano] ex. She is good at playing the piano. = ka-nojo-wa pi-ano-

gajDzu-desu

pick.[ tsumu, hiro-i-a-geru ] ex. She picked up a red rose. = ka-nojo-wa aka~i bara-o

tsumi-to-tta The boy picked up his cap and went away.= sono shonen-wa boshi-o hiro-tte tachi-sa-tta Which school did you pick? = dono gakko-o era-nda-no-desu-ka pickpocket.[ suri ]

picnic.[ en-soku, piku-ni-kku ] ex. They went on a picnic. = karera-wa piku-ni-kku-ni

deka-keta

picture.[ e, ka-iga, sha-shin, e-iga] ex. The picture in the frame was painted by my father. = sono

gaku-no e-wa cmchi-ga ka-ita mono-desu

picturesque.[ e-no yoni u-tsuku-shi-i ] 230

piece-pitch-dark ex. A picturesque village came into sight. = e-no yoni u~

tsuku-sh卜i mura-ga mi-ete-kita

piece.[ kake-ra ] 琢

a piece of bread = hito-kire-no pan

跋

a piece of paper

=kami ichi-ma-i

pier.[ san-bashi, funa-tsuki-ba ] pierce.[ sasu, tsuki-sasu ] ex. The arrow pierced the apple. = ya-wa ringo-o tsuki-to-o-

shita

pig.[ buta] pigeon.[ hato ] ex. A carrier pigeon is trained to carry letters. = den-sho-bato-

wa tegami-o hako-bu yoni kun-ren-sareru

pile.[ do-ssari ] 防

a pile of 〜=〜no yama

防

a pile of logs = moku-za-i-

no yama

pill.[ gan-yaku, kusuri ] pillar.[ enchu, ha-shira ] pillow.[ makura] pilot.[ an-na-i-nin, pa-iro-tto] pinch.[ hasa-mu, tsu-neru ] ex. He had his finger pinched in the door. = kare-wa do-a-ni

yubi-o hasa-mare-ta

pine.[ matsu, matsu-no-ki ] (= pine tree) pine cone.[ matsu-kasa ] ping-pong.[ ta-kkyu ] pink.[ pinku-iro ] ex. She was dressed in pink. = ka-nojo-wa pinku-iro-no

fuku-o kite-ita

pioneer.[ senku-sha, ka-i-taku-sha ] pit.[ ana, kubomi ] pitch-black.[ ma-kkuro-na ] pitch-dark.[ ma-kkura-na ] 231

pitcher-plan

pitcher1.[toshu, pi-tcha ] ex. He will make a good pitcher some day. = kare-wa i-tsuka-

wa i-i pi-tcha-ni naru-daro pitcher2.[ mizu-sashi ] ex. Pitchers have ears. (Proverb) = kabe-ni mimi-ari (koto-

waza)

pity.[ awa-remi, doku-na]

zan-nen-na,

o-shi-i,

ex. I feel pity for her. = ka-nojo-o awa-reni omo-u

kinoIt is a

great pity that he has failed. = kare-ga shi-ppa-i-shita-no-

wa ta-ihen zan-nen-desu What a pity it is that he has lost his precious notebook! = kare-ga ta-i-setsu-na noto-o

naku-shita-towa kino-doku-desu

place.[ basho, oku ] 跋

from place to place = achira-kochira-ni

ex. Don’t place

the bottle by the fire. = hi-no soba-ni bin-o oka-na-ide-

kudasa-i

plague.[ den-sen-byo, eki-byo ] ex. In London many people died of the plague in 1665. =sen-ro-ppyaku-roku-ju-go-nen-ni Rorhdon-dewa o-

oku-no hito-ga eki-byo-de shinda

plain.[ ha-kkiri-shita, tchoku-na, fu-tsu-no]

wakari-yasu-i,

so-

ex. This print is not plain. = kono in-satsu-wa ha-kkiri-

shite-i-na-i To be plain with you, I don’t like him. = ha-kkiri i-tte watashi-wa kare-ga kira-i-da He is a plain American boy. = kare-wa fu-tsu-no Ame-rica-no shonen-desu

plainly.[ me-•卜haku-ni, jimi-ni ] plan.[ ke-i-kaku, an, tsumori-de-aru ] ex. He took a long time to think out a plan. = kare-wa an-o

tate-ru-no-ni naga-i jikan-o kake-ta I plan to finish this work by five. = watashi-wa kono shi-goto-o go-ji-madeniwa o-eru-tsumori-desu

232

plane-plausible

plane.[ hiko-ki ] ex. They chartered a plane and started on a round-the-world trip. =karera-wa

hiko-ki-o kari-ki-tte seka-i-i-ssho-no tabi-ni deka-keta

planet.[ waku-se-i, yuse-i ] ex. I wonder how many planets there really are in the univers.=

uchO-niwa ji-ssa-i-ni iku-tsu-no waku-se-i-ga aru-nodaro

planetarium.[ pura-neta-ri-umu, ten-monkan ] planner.[ ritsu-an-sha, ke-i-kaku-sha ] plant.[ shoku-butsu，kojo, u-eru ] ex. He is eager to collect rare plants. = kare-wa mezura-shi-i

shoku-butsu-o a-tsume-taga-tte-iru

His uncle owns a

large manufacturing plant near here. = kare-no oji-wa kono

chika-ku-ni o-oki-na se-izo-kojo-o mo-tte-iru

Let us

plant white roses round the gate poles. = mon-chd-no mawa-

ri-ni shiro-i bara-o u-eyo

plantation.[ no-en, shoku-rin-chi ] ex. His uncle has a large coffee plantation in Brazil. = kare-no

oji-wa Bura-jiru-ni da-i kohT-en-o mo-tte-iru

plant louse.[ abura-mushi ] plaster.[ se-kko, shi-kku-i ] ex. He has a beautiful plaster statue. = kare-wa u-tsuku-shi-i

se-kkd-zo-o mo-tte-i-masu

plate.[ sara, ko-zara ] platform.[ en-dan, kyodan, pura-tto-homu ] ex. Which platform does the train arrive at? = sono kisha-wa

dono pura-tto-homu-ni tsuki-masu-ka

platinum.[ pura-china, ha-kkin ] plausible.[ mo-ttomo-rashi-i ] ex. He always makes a plausible excuse. = kare-wa i-tsumo

mo-ttomo-rashi-i i-i-wake-o suru

233

play-pledge

play.[ aso-bu, en-so-suru, suru, en-zuru ] ex. He played on the piano. = kare-wa pi-ano-o hi-ita you play golf? = kimi-wa goru-fu-o shi-masu-ka

Do Tom

played Shylock very well. = Tomu-wa Sha-iro-kku-o jozu-

ni en-jita

player.[ kyogi-sha, sen-shu ] ex. He is a good tennis player. = kare-wa te-nisu-ga jozu-

desu

playground.[ u-ndo-jo, gu-rando] ex. Our school is very famous for its large playground.=

watashi-tachi-no ga-kko-wa u-ndo-jo-ga hiro-i-node yGme-i-de-aru

playmate.[ aso-bi-tomo-dachi ] (= playfellow) ex. He was my playmate elementary school. = kare-wa boku-

no shoga-kko jida-i-no aso-bi-tomo-dachi-da-tta

playwright.[ geki-sa-kka, kyaku-hon-ka ] plea.[ tan-gan ] plead.[ bengo-suru ] ex. He is going to plead for his friend. = kare-wa yOjin-no

bengo-o suru tsumori-desu

pleasant.[ tano-shi-i, yuka-i-na] ex. It is pleasant to take a walk early in the morning. = asa-

haya-ku sanpo-suru-no-wa ki-mochi-ga yo-i

please.[ yoroko-basu, kini-iru, dozo] ex. I am sure the model plane will please your son. = sono

moke-i-hiko-ki-wa ki-tto bo-tchan-no kini-iri-masuyo Please be seated. = dozo o-kake-Hudasa-i NI do as I please. = watashi-wa suki-na-yoni yari-masu

pleasure.[ tano-shi-sa, yorokobi, man-zoku ] ex. “Will you come with me?” “With pleasure.” =厂watashi-to

i-ssho-ni ki-te-kure-masen-ka」「•卜i-desu-yo, tomo, e-e yoro-kondej

pledge.[ hosho, aka-shi, tanpo, chika-u ] 234

a /-/-

plentiful-poet ex. He pledged to love her always. = kare-wa i-tsumo ka-

nojo-o a-i-suru-to chika-tta He gave me a book as a pledge of friendship. = kare-wa yOjo-no shiru-shi-ni watashi-ni hon-o kure-ta

plentiful.[ hofu-na, taku-san-no] ex. His hair was black and plentiful in his twenties. = kare-wa

ni-jO-da-i-no koro-wa kami-ga kuro-kute o-oka-tta

plenty.[ taku-san, jubu-n ] ex. Don’t hurry. There’s plenty of time. = iso-gu-na. jikan-wa

jubu-n aru

plight.[ jota-i ] ex. He found himself in a miserable plight. = kare-wa jibu-n-

ga miji-me-na jota-i-ni iru-no-ni kizu-ita

plot.[ taku-rami, inbo, suji-gaki ] ex. They had a plot to kill the President. = karera-wa da-i-

toryo-o korosu inbo-o mo-tte-ita

plough (plow).[ suki ] plume.[ hane-kaza-ri

】

ex. She bought a hat with a plume. = ka-nojo-wa hane-

kaza-ri-no tsu-ita boshi-o ka-tta

plunder.[ uba-u, bu-n-dori-hin, ryaku-datsusuru ] ex. The man plundered me of my money. = sono otoko-wa

watashi-kara kane-o uba-tta

ply.[ 6fuku_suru, hage-mu ] p_m” P.M..[ gogo ]卜 a.m. = gozen) 防

the 9:30 p.m. express train = gogo ku-ji-han-no kyOko

poem.[ shi, uta ] ex. He has learned a lot of beautiful poems by heart. = kare-wa

taku-san-no u-tsuku-shi-i shi-o anki-shite-iru

poet.[ shi-jin ] ex. John Keats was a famous English poet. = Jon KTtsu-wa

yume-i-na e-i-koku-no shi-jm-desu

235

poetry-polish

poetry.[ shi ] point.[ ten, yoten, shi-tek•卜suru ] ex. My teacher pointed out my mistakes. = sense-i-wa

watashi-no ma-chiga-i-o shi-teki-shita It is rude to point hito-o yubi-sasu-no-wa shi-tsure-idesu be on the point of 〜ing = suru tokorodesu He was on the point of leaving for America. = kare~wa Ame-rika-ni tatsu tokoro-da-tta Our team gained three points. = wareware-no chTmu~wa san-ten to-tta at a person. = 防

〜

poison.[ doku ] poke.[ tsuku, tsu-kkomu ] pole.[ bo, sa-o] ex. The students gathered around the flag pole. = gaku-se-i-

tachi-wa hata-za-o-no mawari-ni a-tsuma-tta

police.[ ke-i-satsu ] ex. Where is the nearest police box? = ichi-ban chika-i

koban-wa doko-ni ari-masu-ka

policeman.[ ke-ikan ] ex. The policeman asked me where I was going so late at night. =ke-ikan-wa yoru kon-nani osoku doko-e yuku-noka-

to watashi-ni tazu-neta

policewoman.[ fujin ke-ikan ] policy.[ se-i-saku ] ex. His foreign policy is known as most efficient and positive.=

kare-no ga-iko-se-i-saku-wa mo-ttomo n6-ritsu-tekide se-kkyoku-teki-da-to shira-rete-iru

polish.[ miga-ku, sen-ren-suru ] ex. I had my shoes polished. = watashi~wa kutsu-o miga-

ite mora-tta Your manners need polishing. = kimi-wa taido-o johin-ni shi-nake-reba-nara-na-i

Polish.[ porando-no, porando-jin-no] ex. Chopin was a famous Polish composer. = Shopan-wa

yume-i-na PDrando-no sa-kkyoku-ka-da-tta

236

polite-ponder

polite.[ te-icho-na, re-igi-tada-shi-i, johin-na] ex. They were very polite to me. = karera-wa watashi-ni

hijd-ni te-ichd-de-a-tta shi-i gaku-se-i

隨

a polite student = re-igi-tada-

politely.[ te-ine-i-ni ] ex. He answered me politely. = kare-wa watashi-ni te-ine-i-

ni kota-eta

politeness.[ re-igi ] ex. He is wanting in politeness. = kare-wa re-igi-ni kake-

te-iru

political.[ se-iji-no] ex. Students now are not political. = ima-no gaku~se-i~wa

se-iji-zuki-dewa-na-i

跋

political party = se-ito

politician.[ se-iji-ka, se-iji-ya] ex. We respect a statesman but not a dishonest politician.=

watash卜tachi-wa se-iji-ka-o sonke-i-suru-ga fu-shojiki-na se-iji-ya-wa sonke-i-shi-na-i

politics.[ se-iji, se-iji-gaku ] ex. Politics does not interest my son very much. = watashi-no

mu-suko-wa se-iji-niwa ama-ri kyomi-ga na-i

poll.[ tohyo, tohyo-suru ] ex. The poll will be taken next week. = tohyo-wa ra-i-shO

oko-nawa ィe-masu

pollute.[ yogosu, kegasu, o-sen-suru ] (sr pollute water = mizu-o yogosu

跋

pollute one’s honor =

me-iyo-o kegasu

pollution.[ yog ore ] 防

noise pollution = so-on koga-i

pond ••••••[ ike ] ex. We went fishing in the pond. = watashi-tachi-wa ike-ni

tsuri-ni i-tta

ponder.[ kanga-e-komu, ju-kko-suru ] ex. I pondered the problem for several hours. = watashi-wa

237

pony-portable sono monda-i-ni tsu-ite sO-jikan-mo kanga-e-komimashi-ta

pony.[ ko-uma] pool.[ mizu-tama-ri ] 跋

a swimming pool = su-i-e-i puru

poor.[ mazu-shi-i na ]

rich}，heta-na,

(料

fu-toku-i-

ex. There are many poor people sleeping in the subway (under¬ ground). = oze-i-no hito-tachi-ga chika-tetsu-de nete-

iru

popular.[ ryuko-no, ninki-ga aru, jin-min-no] ex. The professor is popular with the students. = sono kyoju-

wa gaku-se-i-ni ninki-ga aru Do you happen to know what ‘Popular Front means? = ‘jin-min sen-sen'-towa doyu imika go-zonji-desu-ka ，

popularity.[ ninki ] population.[jinks] ex. Tokyo is gaining population every year. = Tokyo-no jinko-

wa ma-i-nen fu-ete-iru

The rural population of Japan is

said to be decreasing. = nihon-no noson-no jmko-wa gen-

sho-shite-iru-to iwarete-iru

pork.[ buta-niku ] ex. Which do you prefer, pork or beef? = buta-niku-to gyO-

niku-to dochira-ga suki-desu-ka

port.[ mi-nato] (= harbor) ex. Our ship will enter port at dawn. = wareware-no fune-wa

yo-ake-ni nyuko-suru-desho ^ a port of call = kikd-chi

portable.[ ke-ita-i-yo-no, dekiru ]

琢

a fishing port = gyoko

mochi-hako-bi-no

ex. My uncle bought me a portable radio as a birthday present.=

oji-wa tanjo-iwa-i-ni ke-ita-i-yo-no raji-o-o ka-tte-kureta

238

portion-possibility

portion.[ wake-ma-e, bubu-n ] ex. A great portion of the crop has been washed away by the = saku-motsu-no naga-sareta

flood.

da-i-bubu-n-wa

kozu-i-de

portrait.[ shozo-ga ] ex. My father had his portrait painted just before his death.=

chichi-wa shi-no choku-zen-ni jibu-n-no shozo-ga-o ka-i-te-mora-tta

Portuguese.[ poru-toga-ru-no] ex. I have never met Portuguese in my life. = watashi-wa

kore-made-ni poru-togaィu-jin-ni a-tta koto-ga na~i

position.[ tachi-ba, chi-i, basho] ex. He is in a difficult position. = kare-wa kuru-shi-i tachi-

ba-ni aru The man once held a high position in the govern¬ ment. =sono hito-wa katsu-te se-ifu-no taka-i chi-i-ni a-tta

positive.[ ta-shika-na, se-kkyoku-teki-na, me-ihaku-na] ex. Are you positive that you heard the bell ring? = beru-ga

naru-no-o ki-ita-no-wa ta-shika-desu-ka

possess.[ mo-tte-iru, shoyu-shite-iru ] ex. He is said to possess a large house in the country. = kare-

wa i-naka-ni o-oki-na uchi-o mo-tte-iru-to iwareteiru

possession.[ shoyu, za-i-san, shoyu-butsu ] ex. He gained possession of a large fortune. =kare-wa da-i-shisan-o te-ni ireta

possessive.[ doku-sen-suru ] ex. My brother is possessive about his records. = ani-wa jibu-

n-no rekodo-o doku-sen-shite-iru shoyu-ken

防

possessive rights =

possessor.[ mochi-nushi ] possibility.[kano-se-i, ari-uru koto] 239

possible-post-office ex. His resignation is a possibility. = kare-no ji-shoku-wa

ari-uru koto-da There is no possibility of miracles occurring. =ki-seki-no okoru kand-se-i-wa na-i

possible.[ dekiru, kano-na, ari-uru ] ex. Memorize the passage by tomorrow, if possible. = deki-

reba sono i-ssetsu-o asu-made-ni obo-e-nasa-i Is it possible to get there? = soko-e yuki-tsuku koto-ga dekimasu-ka Work as hard as possible. = dekiru-dake /• ssho-ken-me-i hata-raki-nasa-i possum. play possum = shira-na-i fur卜0 suru ぼ

post1.[ha-shira, ku-i ] 跋

a telegraph post = denchu

防

a starting (winning) post =

shu-ppatsu (ke-ssho)-ten

post".[yubin ] (= mail) ex. There is no post on Sundays. = nichi-ydbi-wa yubin-ga

ko-na-i post3.[ chi-i, shoku-ba ] 防

take the post of Finance Minister = o-o-kura da-•卜jin-ni

shunin-suru

postage.[ yubin-ryokin, yuso-ryo ] ex. What’s the postage for this parcel? = kono ko-zu-tsumi-

no yusO-ryO-wa ikura-desu-ka

postage stamp.[ yubin-ki-tte, ki-tte ] postal.[yubin-no] 防

by postal money order = yubin kawa-se-de

postcard.[ yubin-ha-gaki, ha-gaki ] posterity.[ shison, kose-i ancestry = senzo) postmark.[ keshi-in ] ](科

琢

a letter with a March 1 postmark on it = san-gatsu tsu-i-

tach卜no kesh卜m-no aru tegami

post-office.[ yubin-kyoku ] ex. Tell me where the nearest post-office is. = ichi-ban chika-i

yODin-kyoku-o oshi-ete-kudasa-i

240

postpone-practical

postpone.[ enki-suru ] ex. I postponed my departure till tomorrow. = watashi-wa shu-

ppatsu-o asu-made enki-shita The meeting was post¬ poned a week. = ka-i-wa i-sshu-kan enki-ni na-tta

postscript.[ tsu-i-shin ] (P.s., p.s) pot.[ nabe, tsubo] ex. She bought a kitchen pot. = ka-nojo-wa tyori-yo-no

nabe-o ka-tta

potato.[ jaga-imo] potential.[ senza-i-teki-na, kano-se-i-no aru ] 防

a potential ability = senza-i-teki noryoku

poultry.[ kakin, tori ] 跋

the price of poultry = tori-niku-no nedan

pour.[ soso-gu, tsugu, naga-re-deru ] ex. Don’t pour boiling water over good green tea. = joto-no

ryoku-cha-niwa

ne-tto-o soso-i-dewa-ike-na-i Tears poured down her cheeks. = ka-nojo-no ho-o-o namida-ga tome-do-naku naga-reta It is pouring with rain. = amega zaza fu-tte-iru He poured cold water on me. = kare-wa watashi-ni kechi-o tsuke-ta

poverty.[ binbo, ketsu-bo] 跋

live in poverty = binbo-na se-i-katsu-o suru

隊

a

poverty of vitamin A = bita-min-A-no ketsu-bo

powder.[ kona ] power.[ chikara, noryoku ] ex. You must acquire the power of speaking English. = a-nata-

wa e-igo-no ka-iwa-ryoku-o tsuke-nake-reba-nara-nai

powerful.[ chikara-zuyo-i, ryoku-na, sugo-i ] 跋

yuryoku-na,

a powerful navy = kyoryoku-na ka-igu-n

防

kyo-

a powerful

drink = tsuyoi sake

practical.[ jitsu-yo-teki-na, ji-ssa-i-no] 241

practical-precede ter practical English conversation = jitsu-yo e-i-ka-iwa

practical nurse.[ tsuki-so-i-nin, tsuki-so-ikango-fu ] practice.[ ren-shu, ke-iko] ex. I need more practice. = mo-tto ren-shO-no hi-tsuyo-ga

aru 琢 a teacher with 5 years of practice = go-nen-no ke-iken-no aru sense-i a doctor in practice = ka-i-gyd-i 防

practise.[ ren-shu-suru, ka-i-gyo-suru ] ex. You must practise dancing to the music. = on-gaku-ni

awa-sete dansu-no ren-shu-o shi-nake-reba-narimasen She practises golf to become thin. = ka-nojowa yase-ru tame-ni goru-fu-o shite-iru

praise.[ ho-meru ] ex. People praised the brave girl. = hito-bito-wa sono

yOkan-na shojo-o ho-me-tata-eta All the critics praised his new film. = hydron-ka-wa min-na kare-no a-tara-shi-i e-iga-o ho-meta

pray.[ i-noru ] ex. I prayed to God that I might succeed. = se-iko-suru yoni-

to watashi-wa kami-ni ino-tta

preach.[ se-kkyo-suru ] ex. Have you ever heard him preaching on the streets? = kare-

ga ga-itd-de se-kkyd-shite-iru-no-o ki-ita koto-ga arimasu-ka

precaution.[yojin ] ex. Being that it is windy we must take precautions against fires. =kaze-ga tsuyo-i-node kaji-ni yojin-shi-nake-reba-

nara-na-i

precede.[ ma-e-ni kuru, saki-ni kuru ] ex. In Japanese the object precedes the verb. = nihon-go-

dewa

moku-tek 卜 go-ga

doshi-no

ma-e-ni

kuru

Lightning precedes thunder. = ina-bikari-wa ra-i-me-i-yori

saki-ni kuru

242

precious-pregnant

precious.[ kicho-na, da-iji-na, koka-na ] ex. Human freedom is our most precious possession. = nin-

gen-no jiyO-koso watashi-tachi-no mo-ttomo da-iji-na shoyO-butsu-desu My precious child! = watashi-no kawa-i-i- ko-yo!

precise.[ se-i-kaku-na, me-i-kaku-na ] ex. I could not get a precise explanation from him. = watashi-

wa kare-kara se-i-kaku-na se-tsume-i-o e-rare-nakatta

precisely.[ se-i-kaku-ni, masa-shiku ] ex. Tell me precisely what you think. = omo-tte-iru koto-o

ha-kkiri i-tte-kudasa-i

predict.[ yogen-suru, yoho-suru, yoso-suru ] ex. Some scholars predict that there will be a great earthquake in the near future. = chika-i uchi-ni da-i-ji-shin-ga aru-to

yogen-shite-iru gaku-sha-mo iru

preface.[ jobu-n, hashi-gaki ] ex. The book has a preface by Dr. Jones. = sono hon-niwa

Jonzu haka-se-no jobu-n-ga aru

prefecture.[ ken ] 防

Akita Prefecture = Akita-ken

跋

Kyoto Prefecture =

Kyoto-fu

prefer.[〜no ho-ga suki-da,〜suru ho-ga suki-da,〜no ho-ga yo-i ] ex. I prefer tea to coffee. = kohPyori kocha-no ho-ga yo-

i I much prefer playing tennis to baseball. = watashi-wa yakyu-yori te-nisu-no ho-ga zu-tto yo-i

preference.[ konomi ] ex. I have a preference for Japanese food. = watashi-wa wa-

shoku-o konomi-masu

pregnant.[ nin-shin-shite-iru ] ex. She is seven months pregnant. = ka-nojo-wa nin-shin

nana-ka-getsu-desu

243

prejudice-present-day

prejudice.[ sen-nyu-kan, hen-ken ] ex. Everyone has at least one prejudice. =

dare-demo hito-

tsu-wa hen-ken-o mo-tte-iru

preliminary.[ yobi-no, araka-jime ] ex. I must make the preliminary arrangements with him for the

watash'hwa araka-jime kare-to ka-igo-no uchi-awa-se-o shi-nake-reba-nara-na-i

meeting. =

premier.[ shu-sho] (= prime minister) premium.[ o-ma-ke ] (= prize) preparation.[ ju-nbi, yo-i ] 咏

a preparation of dinner =

yushoku-no yo-i (ju-nbi)

prepare.[ ju-nbi-suru, yo-i-suru, kaku-go-saseru ] ex. They are busy preparing for their trip. =

karera-wa ryoko-

no ju-nbi-ni 卜soga-shi-i You’d better prepare yourself for a shock. = a-nata-wa sho-kku-o u-keru kaku-go-o shita ho-ga yo-i

prepay.[ ma-e-bara-i-suru, zen-no-suru ] prescribe.[ shire-i-suru, sa-shizu-suru, shohosuru ] ex. The doctor prescribed some medicine for the sick man. = /-

sha-wa sono byonin-ni kusuri-o shohd-shita

prescription.[ shiji, shoho-sen ] presence.[ shu-sseki ] ex. Your presence is requested. =

go-shu-sseki-o o-nega-

i-shi-masu

present1.[ okuri-mono, okuru,] ex. This is a present for you. =

a-nata-ni purezen-tchdesu

present2.[ shu-sseki-shite ] ex. Is he present at the party? =

kare-wa patT-ni shu-sseki-

shite-i-masu-ka

present-day.[ genda-i-no, kon-nichi-no, imano] 244

preserve-pretend 防

present-day social problems =

genda-i-no

shaka-i

monda-i

preserve.[ hozon-suru, hogo-suru, kinryo-ku ] ex. We preserve food in tins. = watashi-tachi-wa tabemono-o kan-zume-ni shite hozon-suru

球

a wildlife pre¬

serve =yase-i-ddbutsu hogo-chiku

preside.[ gicho-to naru, shika-i-o suru ] ex. Who will preside at the meeting? = ka-igi-dewa dare-ga gicho-ni naru-no-desu-ka

president.[ da-i-toryo, gaku-cho] ex. Abraham Lincoln was the 16th President of the United States. =Abu-ra-hamu Rin-kan-wa Ame-rica-no ju-roku-da-ime-no da-i-tdryo-da-tta

His uncle is the president of the

University of Chicago. = kare-no oji-san-wa Shika-go-dai-gaku-no gaku-cho-desu

press.[ osu, shi-iru, shin-bu-n, hodo] ex. It is not good to press a drink on a person. = hito-ni sakeo shi-iru-no-wa yoku-na-i no jiyu

freedom of press = hodd-

We pressed our guest to stay. = o-kyaku-ni toma-

tte-yuku yoni sema-tta

pressing.[ kyu-o yosuru ] ex. Is the matter pressing? = sono koto-wa kyu-o ydshimasu-ka

pressure.[ atsu-ryoku, kuru-shimi ] ex. She gave up her trip because of the pressure from her par¬ ents. =ka-nojo-wa rydshin-no atsu-ryoku-de ryoko-o yame-ta

琢

economic pressure = ke-iza-i-teK卜na kuru-

shimi

presume.[ omo-u, kanga-eru, su-ite-i-suru ] ex. I presume he is innocent. = watashi-wa kare-ga mujitsu-da-to omo-u

pretend.[ furi-o suru, shu-cho-suru ] ex. He pretended that he was ill. = kare-wa byoki-no furi-o

245

pretty-pride shita I don’t pretend to be a scholar. = watashi-wa gakusha-da-nado-to yd tsumori-wa na-i

pretty.[ kire-i-na, kawa-i-i, kana-ri ] ex. She is more pretty than beautiful. = ka-nojo-wa bijin-to

yO-yori kawa-i-i The situation seems pretty difficult. = keise-•卜wa kana-ri muzuka-shi-i

prevail.[ katsu, yuse-i-de-aru ] ex. Good will prevail against evil. = zen-wa aku-ni katsu-

mono-da This custom prevails widely. = kono fushu-wa hiro-ma-tte-iru

prevalent.[ ryuko-suru ] ex. Colds were prevalent during the winter. = kaze-wa fuyu-

no a-ida-ju ryuko-shita

prevent.[ jama-suru ] ex. The rain prevented me from coming yesterday. = ame-no

tame-ni watashi-wa kino kora-re-naka-tta I’ll come if nothing prevents me. = nani-mo nake-reba ki-masu

previous.[ ma-e-no, saki-no] ex. I met him on the previous day. = watashi-wa sono ma-e-

no hi-ni kare-ni a-i-mashi-ta Previous to buying a car you must learn how to drive. = kuruma-o ka-u ma-e-ni u-nten-no shi-kata-o narawa-nake-reba-nara-na-i prewar.[ sen-zen postwar = sengo) ](料

prey.[ ejiki ] price.[ nedan, bu-kka] ex. Prices go up every year. = bu-kka-wa ma-i-nen aga-

ru What is the price of this book? = kono hon-wa ikuradesu-ka ^ at any price. = zehi-tomo

prick.[ sasu, chiku-chiku ita-mu ] ex. I pricked my finger with a needle. = watashi-wa hari-de

yubi-o sashi-te shima-tta

pride.[ hokori, jison-shin ] ex. He takes pride in his work. = kare-wa jibu-n-no sh•卜

246

priest-priority goto-o jiman-shite-iru

priest.[ boku-shi ] primary.[ hajime-no, omo-na, shoki-no] 跋

primary education = shoto kyo-iku

primary color.[ gen-shoku ] ex. Red, blue and yellow are the three primary colors. 0,

= aka, a-

ki-wa san-gen-shoku-da

prime.[ da-i-ichi-no, shuyo-na, zen-se-iki ] ex. Who is the prime minister? = sori-da-i-jin-wa dare-

desu-ka His prime concern is the welfare of his family.= kare-no da-卜ichi-no kan-shin-ji-wa kazoku-no ko-fukude-aru We are now in the happy prime of youth. = watashitachi-wa se-i-shu-n-no ma-ttada-naka-ni aru

prince.[ oji ] ex. The prince disguised himself as a begger. = dji-wa kojiki-

ni hensd-shita

princess.[ ojo] principal.[ da-i-ichi-no, shuyo-na, kocho] 防

the principal exporting nations = shuyd yu-shu-tsu-

koku

防

a woman principal = jose-i-no kocho

principle.[ genri, gen-soku, shugi ] ex. The principle of both machines is the same. = ryoho-no

kika-i-no genri-wa o-naji-da

print.[ in-satsu-suru, in-satsu ] ex. This paper has clear print. = kono shin-bu-n-wa in-

satsu-ga ha-kkiri-shite-iru The book is out of print.= sono hon-wa ze-ppan-desu

printing.[ in-satsu ] ex. The book had a first printing of 20,000 copies. = sono hon-

wa shohan-o ni-man-bu su-tta

print-out.[ in-satsu joho ] priority.[ yusen-shite ] 防

by priority over all = su-bete-ni yusen-shite

247

prison-procedure

prison.[ ke-imu-sho ] ex. The criminal was put in prison. = sono za-i-nin-wa ke-

imu-sho-ni ire-rare-ta

prison breaker.[ datsu-goku-sha ] prisoner.[ shujin ] privacy.[ pura-iba-shT] private.[ shi-teki-na, kojin-teki-na, no]

himi-tsu-

ex. I have private reasons for wanting to stay home. = uchi-ni /-

ta-i _n-teki-na riyO-ga ari-masu I wish to speak to you in private. = a-nata-ni na-i-sho-de hana-shi-ta-i-nodesu-ga 防 a private car = jikayo-sha

privilege.[ toku-ten, to-kken ] ex. Members are given the privilege to use the library. = kai-in-

wa tosho-kan-o tsuka-u toku-ten-o ata-eraィete-iru

prize.[ sho, shohin ] ex. Dr. Yukawa won the Nobel Prize in 1949. = Yukawa haka-

se-wa 1949-nen-ni noberu-sho-o u-keta

probability.[ mi-komi, ariso-na koto, kano-sei] ex. There was little probability of change. = henka-no okoru

kand-se-i-wa ho-tondo naka-tta

probable.[ mi-komi, ariso-na ] ex. Success is possible but hardly probable. = se-ikd-wa

kano-da-ga sono mi-komi-wa ho-tondo na-i

probably.[ tabu-n, oso-raku ] ex. He will very probably come. = kare-wa tabu-n kuru-

desho

problem.[ monda-i ] ex. The housing problem still exists. = jotaku monda-i-wa

imada-ni sonza-i~suru

procedure.[ te-tsuzu-ki ] ex. He is familiar with export procedures. = kare-wa yu-shu-

248

proceed - profession tsu te-tsuzu-ki-niwa akaru-i What procedure should I fol¬ low in applying for a driver’s license? = u-n-ten menkyo-no moshi-komi-niwa don-na te-tsuzu-ki-ga hi-tsuyo-nanodesu-ka 球 a legal procedure = sosho te-tsuzu-ki

proceed.[ tori-kaka-ru, susu-mu, tsuzu-keru ] ex. Let us proceed to business at once. = sa-ssoku shi-goto-

ni tori-kaka-ri-masho The work is proceeding rapidly.= sono shi-goto-wa kyusoku-ni shinko-shite-iru

process.[ se-iho, tsuku-ri-kata, kate-i ] ex. By what process is cloth made from wool? = fuku-ji-wa

don-na se-iho-de yomo-kara tsuku-rare-masu-ka

procession.[ gyo-retsu, koshin ] ex. A long procession marched past him. = naga-i ovo-retsu-

ga kare-no ma-e-o kdshin-shita

proclaim.[ sen-gen-suru ] ex. War was proclaimed. = sen-sen fu-koku-sareta

procure.[ te-ni ireru ] ex. It is hard to procure water in a desert. = sa-baku-de

mizu-o te-m treru-no-wa muzuka-shi-i

produce.[ se-i-san-suru ] ex. This company produces electronic products. = kono ka-i-

sha-wa den-shi-kik•卜0 se-i-san-shite-iru

product.[ san-butsu ] ex. This district is rich in agricultural products. = kono chiho-

wa nosan-bustu-ga hdfu-da

production.[ se-i-san-butsu, se-i-hin ] ex. This car is one of the newest productions of this factory.=

kono jidosha-wa kono kojo-no sa-i-snm-no se-i-hin-no hito-tsu-desu

profess.[ me-i-gen-suru, kogen-suru ] ex. She professed a dislike for playing cards. = ka-nojo-wa to-

ranpu-wa kira-i-da-to ha-kkiri 卜tta

profession.[ shoku-gyo] 249

professiona 卜 prohibit ex. He is a lawyer by profession. = kare-no shoku-gyo-wa

bengo-shi-desu

professional.[ sen-mon-no, hon-shoku-no] 琢

a professional painter = hon-shoku-no gaka

professor.[ kyoju ] ex. There are seven foreign professors in this university. = kono

da-i-gaku-niwa shichi-nin-no ga-i-jin kyoju-ga i-masu

profit.[ ri-eki, moke, yaku-ni tatsu ] ex. I made a small profit in the stock market. = watashi-wa

kabu-de sukoshi ri-eki-o age-ta Experience has profited me more than education. = kyd-iku-yori ke-iken-no ho-ga watashi-niwa yaku-ni ta-tte-iru

profitable.[ yQri-na, tame-n naru ] •卜

ex. It is profitable to read good books. = yo-i hon-o yomu

koto-wa yu-eki-desu

profound.[ fuka-i ] ex. He is a profound scholar. = kare-wa gaku-shiki-no

fuka-i gaku-sha-desu

program.[ puro-gura-mu, ban-gumi, yote-i ] ex. What programs are on television today? = kyd-no terebi

ban-gumi-wa don-na mono-ga ari-masu-ka What’s the program today? = kyd-no yote-i-wa nan-desu-ka

progress.[ shinpo-suru, shin ]

jota-tsu-suru,

zen-

ex. The worms progressing step by step. = shi-goto-wa jojo-

ni hakado-tte-iru He is making rapid progress in his English. =kare-no e-igo-wa meki-meki jdtartsu-shite-iru

progressive.[ shinpo-teki-na ] ex. The progressive town council built a new recreation center.=

sono shinpo-teki-na chdgika-i-wa a-tara-shi-i go-rakusentB-o tate-ta

prohibit.[ kin-ziru, kin-shi-suru ] ex. Playing ball in the room is prohibited. = heya-de boru-

250

prohibition-proof aso-bi~suru-no-wa kinji-rare-te-iru Smoking prohibited.= kin-en

prohibition.[ kinshi-re-i ] project.[ ke-i-kaku, ki-kaku-suru ] ex. The project will take a long time to finish. = sono ke-i-

kaku-wa cho-kikan kakariso-da

prologue.[ jo-maku ] prolong.[ nobi-ru ] ex. The meeting was prolonged into the evening. = ka-igo-wa

yOgata-made nobi-ta

promise.[ yaku-soku, mi-komi-ga aru ] ex. Father promised me a new bicycle. = chichi-wa

a-

tara-shi-i jiten-sha-o ka-tte-kure-ru-to yaku-soku-o shita There is no promise of success. = se-iko-no mikomi-wa na-i

promising.[ zento-yubo-na, yubo-na ] ex. He has two promising sons. = kare-niwa futa-r卜no zen-

to-yubo-na mu-suko-ga iru

promote.[ shoshin-saseru, soku-shin-suru ] promoter.[ shiji-sha, ho-kki-nin ] prompt.[ su-baya-i, soku-za-no ] ex.He was prompt to obey. = kare-wa soku-za-ni shi-taga-

tta

pronounce.[ hatsu-on-suru, gen-suru ]

sen-koku,

sen-

ex. Pronounce your words clearly. = kotoba-o ha-kkiri

hatsu-on-shi-nasa-i The judge pronounced a fifteen year sentence on him. = sa-iban-kan-wa kare-ni jO-go-nen-no

ke-i-o sen-koku-shita

pronunciation.[ hatsu-on ] ex. His English pronunciation is good. = kare-no e-igo-no

hatsu-on-wa yo-i

proof.[ shome-i, shoko ] 251

propaganda-prose ex. The fingerprints were proof that he was guilty. = shi-mon-

ga kare-no ydza-i-de-aru shoko-de-a-tta

propaganda.[ sen-den ] ex. Advertising is a form of propaganda. =kokoku-wa sen-den-no ichi ke-i-shiki-de-aru

proper.[ tekito-na, tada-shi-i ] ex. This work is not proper for you. = kono shi-goto-wa kimi-

niwa tekito-dewa-na-i It is never proper to wear gloves while eating. = shoku-ji-chO-ni tebu-kuro-o shite-iru-nowa ke-sshite re-卜gi-tada-shiku-na-i

properly.[ ki-chin-to, tada-shiku ] ex. We must do our work properly. = watashi-tacm-wa jibu-

n-no shi-goto-o ki-chin-to yara-neba-nara-na-i

property.[ za-i-san, fudo-san ] ex. He lost all his property in the earthquake. = kare-wa zen-

za-i-san-o ji-shin-de u-shina-tta

prophesy.[ yogen-suru ] prophet.[ yogen-sha ] proportion.[ wari-a-i, hiri-tsu ] (ht the proportion of men to women = danjo-hi

proposal.[ moshi-komi, te-i-an ] ex. The comittee was very interested in my proposal. = i-inka-i-

wa watashi-no te-i-an-ni ta-ihen kyomi-o mo-tta

propose.[ moshi-deru, komu ]

ke-kkon-o

moshi-

ex. He proposed to the girl. = kare-wa sono on-na-no-ko-ni

ke-kkon-o moshi-konda

%

proposition.[ te-i-an, ke-i-kaku ] 防

the proposition that we spend our holiday in Hawaii =

Hawa-i-de kyOka-o su-gosO-to yu te-i-an

prose.[ sanbu-n ] ex. His prose has a deep feeling for beauty in nature. =kare-no sanbu-n-niwa

252

shizen-no bi-ni ta-i-suru

prospect-provide fuka-i kanju-se-i-ga aru

prospect.[ naga-me, koke-i, mito-o-shi, mikomi ] ex. From my office I have a good prospect of Mt. Fuji.=

watashi-no ka-i-sha-kara-wa Fuji-san-ga yoku mieru There is no prospect of his success. = kare~no se-ikono mi-komi-wa na-i

prosper.[ saka-eru, hanjo-suru ] ex. His business is prospering. = kare-no shoba-i-wa hanjo

shite-iru

prosperity.[ han-e-i

】

ex. I wish you all prosperity. = go-se-ikd-o o-ino-ri-shi-

masu

prostitution.[ ba-i-shu-n ] protect.[ hogo-suru, mamo-ru ] ex. We wear a helmet to protect our head. = a-tama-o hogo-

suru tame-ni heru-me-tto-o kabu-ru

protection.[ hogo, hogo-suru mono] 跋

protections against cold = bokan-gu

protein.[ tan-paku-shitsu ] protest.[ kogi-suru, shu-cho-suru ] ex. He protested against being called a traiter. = kare-wa ura-

giri-mono-to iwareta koto-ni kogi-shita

proud.[ jiman-no, hokori-ni omo-u ] ex. The boy is so clever that his father is quite proud of him.

=sono shonen-wa ta-ihen a-tama-ga yo-i-node chichi-oya-wa sugo-ku jiman-shite-iru

prove.[ shome-i-suru ] ex. He proved his courage in action. = kare-wa yuki-no aru

koto-o kodo-de shome-i-shita

proverb.[ kotowaza ] provide.[ yo-i-suru, kyokyD-suru, sona-eru ] ex. We must provide for the future.

253

province-puff =watashi-tachi-wa shdra-i-ni sona-ete

nake-rebanara-na-i Sheep provide us with wool. = hi-tsuji-wa watashi-tachi-ni yomo-o kyokyu-suru 卜

province.[ kuni, i-naka, chiho] ex. Where is your native province? = o-kuni-wa dochira-

desu-ka

provoke.[ okora-seru, hiki-okosu, hara-o tateru] ex. Her rude answer provoked him. = ka-nojo-no shi-tsure-i-

na kota-e-ni kare-wa oko-tta His self-conceit provoked her to fury. = kare-no u-nu-bore-ni ka-nojo-wa hijo-ni hara-o tate-ta

prudent.[ yojin-buka-i, shin-cho-na ] ex. A prudent man saves part of his wages. = yojin-buka-i

hito-wa kyuryo-no ichi-bu-o taku-wa-eru

^ a prudent

decision = shin-cho-na ke-tte-i

psalm.[ sanbi-ka ] ex. These songs are known as the psalms. = korera-no uta-

wa sanb卜ka-to-shite shira-rete-iru

psychology.[ shinri-gaku, shinri ] ex. Can you understand the psychology of criminals? = a-nata-

wa hanza-i-sha-no shinri-ga rika-i-deki-masu-ka

public.[ o-o-yake-no, koshu-no, i-ppan-no] 球

a public official = kdmu-in

shOch卜no shobu-n

跋

球

a public scandal =

in public = hito-ma-e-de

publication.[ shu-ppan ] public opinion poll.[ seron chosa ] publish.[ kohyo-suru, shu-ppan-suru ] ex. This dictionary was first published in 1980. = kono jisho-

wa sen-kyd-hyaku-hach 卜ju-nen-ni ppan-sareta

hajime-te

shu-

puff.[ pu-tto fuku ] ex. She puffed two or three times to put out the candle. = ka-

254

pull-purple nojo-wa rosoku-o kesd-to shite ni-san-do fu-ita

pull.[ hiku, hi-pparu ] ex. She pulled the door open. = ka-nojo-wa do-a-o hi-ppatte a-keta

pulse.[ myaku-haku, myaku-o utsu ] ex. My heart pulsed faster with excitement. = kofu-n-shite mune-no kodo-ga hayaku na-tta

punctual.[ jikan-o mamo-ru ] ex. She is punctual to the minute. = ka-nojo-wa i-ppun-mo taga-e-zu jikan-o mamo-ru

punish.[ ba-ssuru ] ex. Anybody who breaks the law wilt be punished. = daredemo horitsu-o yabu-ru mono-wa ba-sseraィeru

punishment.[ batsu ] pupil.[ se-ito] ex. There are fifty pupils in our class. = watashi-tachi-no kura-su-niwa go-ju-nin-no se-ito-ga iru

purchase.[ ka-u, kachi-toru ] ex. I purchased the portrait for 7,000 yen from him. = watashiwa sono shozd-ga-o nana-sen-yen-de kare-kara katta

They purchased freedom with much blood and tears.=

karera-wa o-oku-no chi-to namida-de jiyu-o kachi-totta

pure.[ ju-nsu-i-na, ma-ttaku-no ] ex. This ring is made of pure gold. = kono yubi-wa-wa ju-nkin-de dekite-iru

out of pure kindness = ma-ttaku-no

球

shin-setsu-kara

purge.[ kiyo-meru, tsu-iho-suru J ex. The girl purged herself by confessing what she had done.= sono shojo-wa jibu-n-no shita koto-o koku-haku-shite kokoro-o kiyo-meta

He has been purged from his party.=

kare-wa to-kara tsu-iho-sareta

purple.[ mura-saki-iro] 255

purpose-puzzle ex. His lips became purple with cold. = kare-no kuchi-biruwa samu-sa-de mura-saKi-iro-ni na-tta

purpose.[ moku-teki

】

ex. For what purpose do you want to go to France?

= a-nata-

wa don-na moku-teki-de fu-ransu-e yuki-ta-i-no-desuka

He is learning French for the purpose of becoming a good

cook. = kare-wa yo-i rydri-nin-ni naru tame-ni fu-ransugo-o benkyd-shite-iru

^ on purpose = ko-i-ni，waza-to

purse.[ sa-ifu ] ex. We keep money in a purse. = watashi-tachi-wa o-kaneo sa-ifu-ni irete-oku

pursuit.[ tsu-i-seki ] (= chase) ex. He gave up the pursuit of rabbits. = kare-wa usa-gi-no tsu-i-seki-o akira-meta

push.[ osu, o-shi-susu-mu ] ex. Don’t push against me. = watashi-o osu-na

We pushed

him to make a speech. = wareware-wa kare-ni en-zetsusuru yoni sema-tta

I pushed my way through the crowd.=

watashi-wa hito-gomi-o o-shi-susu-nda

put.[ oku ] ex. Put your book on the desk. = kimi-no hon-o tsuku-e-no u-e-ni o-ki-nasa-i

Put your name here, please. = dozo

koko-ni a-nata-no nama-e-o ka-ite-kudasa-i

I can’t put

up with your lies any longer. = kimi-no uso-niwa mo gaman-deki-na-i

Put this sentence into Japanese. = kono

bu-n-o nihon-go-ni yaku-shi-nasa-i

Never put off till

tomorrow what you can do today. (Proverb) = kyo dekiru kotoo asu-made noba-su-na (kotowaza)

put-up job.[ ya-o-cho ] puzzle.[ nan-mon, nazo, komara-seru, nayama-su ] ex. It is a puzzle to me how he learned English so quickly.= kare-ga ddshite son-na-ni hayaku e-igo-o obo-eta-no-

256

pyramid ka watashi-niwa nazo-da

She puzzled her teachers.=

ka-nojo-wa sense-i-o tekozura-seta

pyramid.[ pira-mi-ddo] ex. The ancient Egyptians built many pyramids. = koda-i ejiputo-jin-wa taku-san-no pira-mi-ddo-o tate-ta

quaint •••••• [ kofu-na, omo-shiro-i ] ex. Some American visitors to Japan admire quaint Japanese cus¬ toms. =nihon-o homon-suru ame-rica-jin-niwa nihon-no kofu-de omo-shiro-i shokan-ni kan-puku-suru hito-mo iru

qualification.[ menkyo-jo, shi-kaku ] ( = qua卜 ifications)

qualify.[ shi-kaku-ga aru, teki-nin-de-aru ] ex. She is qualified to teach English. = ka-nojo-wa e-igo-o o-shi-eru shi-kaku-ga aru

quality.[ shi-tsu, toku-shi-tsu ] ex. The shop sells goods of both high and low quality. = sono mise-wa yo-i shina-mono-mo waru-i shina-mono-mo utte-iru

quantity.[ ryo ] ex. We aim at quality rather than quantity. = watashi-tachi-wa ryo-yori shi-tsu-o moku-teki-to suru

quarrel.[ kuchi-genka, i-i-a-i ] ex. I have no quarrel with what you say. = watashi~wa kimino iken-ni izon-wa na-i

They are always quarreling.=

karera-wa sho-tcho kenka-baka-ri shite-iru

quarter.[ yon-bu-n-no ichi, ju-go-fu-n,] ex. It’s a quarter to eight. = hachi-ji jQ-go-fu-n ma-e

queer.[ kimyo-na, oka-shi-i ] ex. His way of talking is queer. = kare-no hana-sM-kata-wa oka-shi-i

question.[ shi-tsu-mon, monda-i ] ex. Do you have any questions in this lesson? = kono ka-ni shi-tsu-mon-ga ari-masu-ka

258

quick-quote

quick.[ haya-i ]

slow =

oso-/)

ex. He’s quick at learning. = kare-wa obo-e-ga haya-i

quicken.[ haya-maru, haya-meru ] ex. My pulse quickened. = watashi-no myaku-ga hayaku na-tta

quickly.[ suba-yaku, sugu-ni ] quiet.[ shizuka-na, oda-yaka-na ] ex. I enjoyed the quiet of the country. = watashi-wa i-nakano shizuke-sa-o tano-shin-da

quit.[ saru, yame-ru ] ex. Let’s quit work as it is noon. = hiru-dakara shi-goto-o yame-yo

I quit school at the age of 17. = watashi-wa ju-

nana-sa-i-de ga-kko-o yame-ta

quite.[ ma-ttaku, ka-nari, hijo-ni, ta-ihen ] ex. It is quite cold. = ta-ihen samu-i-desu-ne

quizmaster.[ ku-izu ban-gumi-no shika-i-sha ] quote.[ in-yo-suru ] ex. This passage is quoted from Shakespeare. = kono bu-nwa Shei-kusu-pia-kara in-yo-sarete-iru

259

rabbit.[ usa-gi ] race1.[kyoso ] ex. Don’t quit in the middle of the race. = kydso-no naka-bade yame-ru-na

race2.[ jin-shu ] racket.[ rake-tto ] ex. We hit a ball back and forth with rackets. = watashi-tachiwa rake-tto-de boru-o uchi-a-tta

radiant.[ kaga-yaku, hare-yaka-na ] ex. It was a radiant sunset. = kaga-yaka-sh卜i hi-no-iri-datta

防

radiant jewels = kira-meku hdseki

球

radiant

smiles = akaru-i bisho

radical.[ kihon-teki-na, ka-geki-na] 跋

a radical party = ka-geki-ha

radio.[ raji-o] ex. I heard the news over the radio. = watashi-wa raji-o-de sono nyusu-o ki-i-ta

Turn on the radio. = raji-o-o tsuke-

te-kudasa-i

rag.[ Doro-kire, boro-fuku ] ex. Do you have a rag to polish the car with? = kuruma-o miga-ku boro-kire-ga ari-masu-ka

ragged.[ boro-boro-no, gotsu-gotsu-no ] ex. What will you do with this ragged coat? = a-nata-wa kono boro-boro-no koto-o

dd-suru-no-desu-ka

球

ragged

rocks = gotsu-gotsu-shita iwa

railroad.[ te-tsudo ] (= railway) rain.[ ame, ame-ga furu ] ex. It rained all night. = hito-ban-jG ame-ga fu-tta heavy

260

(料

light) rain = o-o-ame

(料

ko-same)

跋

a

rainbow-rapid

rainbow.[ niji ] ex. A rainbow arched across the sky. = sora-ni niji-ga kakatta

raise.[ a-geru, ka-u, soda-teru ] ex. Many children raised their hands during the class. = jugyochu-ni taku-san-no kodomo-ga te-o age-ta

They raise

the national flag every morning. = karera-wa ma-i-asa kokki-o ke-iyd-shi-masu

Her wages were raised. = ka-nojo-

no kyOryo-ga aga-tta

The car raised a cloud of dust.=

kuruma-wa kumo-no yona hokori-o a-geta sheep = hi-tsuji-o ka-u iba-i-suru

跋

踩

raise

raise wheat = ko-mugi-o sa-

He was born, raised and educated in California.=

kare-wa Kari-foru-ni-a-de u-mare soda-cm kyd-iku-o u-keta

rake.[ kuma-de ] ex. A rake is used to gather dead leaves. = kuma-de-wa kare-ha-o a-tsumeru-no-ni tsuka-wareru

ramble.[ bura-tsuku, bura-bura aru-ku ] random.[ te-ata-ri-shida-i ] ex. He buys books at random. = kare-wa te-ata-ri-shida-i hon-o ka-u

range.[ san-myaku, renji ] ex. You can see a magnificent range of mountains from the sum¬ mit. =chojo-kara sdda-i-na san-myaku-o miru koto-ga dekiru

She bought a new kitchen range. = ka-nojo-wa a-

tara-shi-i renji-o ka-tta

rank.[ ka-ikyu, ju-n-i ] ex. His rank in the military was very low. = gu-n-ta-i-deno kare-no ka-i-kyO-wa to-temo hiku-ka-tta

She is a singer

of the first rank. = ka-nojo-wa ichi-ryO-no kashu-desu

rapid.[ haya-i, su-baya-i, kyuryu (= rapids)] ex. She is a rapid speaker. = ka-nojo-wa haya-kuchida

We shot the rapids in a boat. = watashi-tachi-wa fune-

261

rapidly-rate de kyuryu-o kuda-tta

rapidly.[ hayaku ] ex. He speaks English so rapidly that I can’t understand him.= kare-wa e-igo-o hayaku hana-su-node rika-i-deki-na-i

rapture.[ o-o-yorokobi, uchoten ] ex. The family was in raptures at the news. = kazoku-wa sono nyOsu-o ki-ite o-o-yorokobi-o shita

rare.[ mare-na, mezura-shi-i ]

commom = fu-

tsO-no) ex. It is very rare for her to arrive late. = ka-nojo-ga okureru-nante mezura-shi-i

This is a rare book. = kore-wa

mezura-shi-i hon-da

rarely.[ me-tta-ni

na-i ]

〜

ex. I rarely go to the movies. = boku-wa me-tta-ni e-iga-o mi-ni ika-na-i

rascal.[ goro-tsuki, ita-zura-kko] ex. He is quite a rascal. = kare-wa ma-ttaku-no gorotsuki-da

rash1.[haya-ma-tta, mu-cha-na, muko-mizuno] ex. You are rash to go out on such a stormy day. = kon-na arashi-no hi-ni deka-keru-nante mu-cha-da decision = ke-i-sotsu-na ke-tte-i

^ a rash

Forgive him. He is only a

rash young man. = kare-o yuru-shite-a-ge-nasa-i. karewa muko-mizu-na waka-mono-ni sugi-na-i-no-da-kara

rasrr.[ ha-sshin ] rat.[ nezumi ] rate.[ wari-a-i, soba ]

,

ex. The death rate has become lower in the last ten years.= kako ju-nen-kan shibd-ristu-ga saga-tte-iru

What’s the

exchange rate between dollars and yen today? = kyo-no doruto yen-no kdkan-ritsu-wa ikura-desu-ka =kono choshi-nara

262

防

at this rate

^ at any rate = toni-kaku

rather-reaction

rather.[ mu-shiro, yaya, iku-bu-n, mochi-ron ] ex. I feel rather better today. = kyd-wa kibu-n-ga iku-bu-n yo-i

“Do you like this?” “Rather!” =「kimi-wa kore-ga

suki-ka-ij「mochi-ron-desu」I feel rather tired. = sukoshi tsuka-re-mashi-ta

He arrived very late last night, or

rather in the early hours this morning. = kare-wa saku-ya osoku, to-yO-yori mu-shiro kesa hayaku tochaku-shita

ration.[ ha-ikyu, ha-ikyu-suru ] rational.[ rise-i-teki-na, gori-teki-na ] ex. He thinks in a rational way. = kare-wa gori-teki-ni mono-o kanga-eru

rattle.[ gata-gata naru ] ex. The window is rattling in the wind. = mado-ga kaze-de gata-gata na-tte-iru

raw.[ nama-no ] ex. Do you eat oyster raw? = a-nata~wa kaki-o nama-de tabe-masu-ka

Japan must import most of the raw materials

for her industries. = nihon-wa kogyo genryo-no ho-tondoo yu-nyO-shi-nake-reba-nara-na-i

ray1.[kosen, hosha-sen ] 跋

X-rays = X-sen

ray2 •• [ e-i ] (fish = saka-na) razor.[ kami-sori ] ex. I use a safety razor. = watashi-wa an-zen kami-sori-o tsuka-tte-i-masu

reach.[ tochaku-suru, todo-ku ] ex. i reached the city before dark. = watashi-wa kura-ku naru ma-e-ni machi-ni tsu-ita

Such luxury is beyond my

reach. = son-na ze-i-taku-niwa watashi-wa te-ga todoka-na-i

reaction.[ hando, han-no] ex. What was the general reaction to the news? = sono nyOsuni ta-i-suru i-ppan-no han-no-wa dd-deshi-ta-ka

263

read-reality

read.[ yomu, ka-ite-aru ] ex. I’ve read the book through. = watashi-wa sono hon-o

yon-da This ticket reads to Paris by way of Siberia. = kono ki-ppu-niwa Siberi-a-ke-iyu Pari-yuki-to ka-ite-aru

reader.[ doku-sha, toku-hon ] ex. The author has a great many young readers. = sono sa-

kka-wa o-oku-no waka-i doku-sha-o mchtte-iru

readily.[ yorokon-de ] ex. I would readily die for your sake. = watashi-wa a-nata-no

tame-nara yorokon-de shini-masu

reading.[ doku-sho] ex. I prefer reading to taking exercise. = watashi-wa u-ndo-

yori doku-sho-no hd-ga suki-desu

readout.[ joho hiki-dashi ] ready.[yo-i(= ju-nbi)-ga deki-te-iru, yorokonde ~ suru ] ex. We are ready to go on a trip. = watashi-tachi-wa tabi-ni

deka-keru yo-i-ga deki-te-iru He is always ready to help others. = kare-wa itsu-demo yorokon-de hito-no tedasuke-o suru He is ready with excuses. = kare-wa sugu i-卜wake-o suru

ready-made.[ kise-i-hin ]

made-to-order, custom-

order = chOmon-hin)

real.[ honto-no, hon-mono-no] ex. What is her real name? = ka-nojo-no hontO-no nama-e-

wa nan-desu-ka 球 the real thing = hon-mono real antique = hon-mono-no ko-tW-hin

防

the

real estate agent.[ fudosan kanri-nin ] realistically.[ genji-tsu-teki-ni ] reality.[ genji-tsu, shinji-tsu-se-i ] ex. He doubted the reality of what he had heard. = kare-wa

jibu-n-ga ki-ita koto-no shinji-tsu-se-i-o u-taga-tta I may look young, but in reality I am past forty. = watashi-wa

264

realize-recall waka-ku mi-eru-kamo-shire-na-i-ga jitsu-wa yon-jissa-i-o sugi-te-iru

realize.[ wakaru, satoru ] ex. I realized the book to be the key to my study. = sono hon-

ga watashi-no kenkyO-no kagi-ni naru-to waka-tta

really.[ ji-ssa-i-ni, honto-ni ] ex. What has really happened? = ji-ssa-i nani-ga oko-tta-

no-desu-ka

Not really! = masa-ka!

realm.[ okoku ] 防

the English realm = i-girisu okoku

reap.[ karu, shukaku-suru ] reap a cotton crop = wata-o shukaku-suru

rear.[ u-shiro-no] ex. I left the bus by the rear entrance. = watashi-wa u-shiro-

no iri-guchi-kara basu-o ori-ta

reason.[ riyu, dori ] ex.There is some reason in what you say. = a-nata-no yu

koto-niwa ichi-o-no dori-ga aru

reasonable.[ dori-ni te-goro-na ]

kana-tta,

mo-ttomo-na,

ex. You must be more reasonable. = kimi-wa mo-tto dori-o

wakima-e-neba-nara-na-i The price is reasonable.= sono nedan-wa te-goro-desu Your answer is not reason¬ able; think it over again. = kimi-no kota-e-wa ronri-tekidewa-na-i, mo-ichi-do yoku kanga-ete-goran

rebel.[ muhon-o-okosu, somu-ku ] rebellion.[ muhon ] ex. They raised a rebellion against the government. = karera-

wa se-ifu-ni ta-i-shite muhon-o oko-snita

rebuke.[ shika-ru ] ex. The mother rebuked her child for being lazy. = haha-oya-

wa kodomo-ga nama-kete-iru-no-o ki-tsuku shika-tta

recall.[ omo-i-dasu ] 265

receipt-reckon ex. I can’t recall where I met you. = doko-de a-nata-ni a-tta-

no-ka omo-i-dase-na-i

receipt.[ juryo, ryoshu-sho, u-ketori ] ex. On receipt of the news, father left for Sydney. = sono

shi-rase-o u-keto-tte sugu chichi-wa Sido-nT-ni mukete shu-ppatsu-shita Please make out a receipt. = dozo uketori-o ka-ite-kudasa-i

receive.[ u-ketoru, u-keru ] ex. He received a good education. = kare-wa ri-ppa-na kyd-

iku-o u-keta Any suggestion will be received with thanks.= go-chO-i-wa arigata-ku uke-tama-wari-masu

receiver.[ u-ketori-nin, juwa-ki ] ex. He took up the receiver. = kare-wa juwa-kho tori-a-

geta

recent.[ sa-ikin-no ] ex. What is the recent news? = sa-ikin-no nyusu-wa nan-

desu-ka

recently.[ kono-goro ] 琢

till quite recently = tsu-i sa-ikin-made

reception.[ kange-i-ka-i ] ex. The team was given a warm reception. = sono chTmu-wa

ata-taka-i kange-i-o u-keta ke-kkon hird-en

跋

a wedding reception =

recess.[ kyuke-i ] recitation.[ ansho, anki ] recite.[ ansho-suru, anki-suru ] ex. He recited the poem. = kare-wa shizO anshd-shita

reckon.[ ke-i-san-suru, mi-nasu, omo-u ] ex. Hire charges are reckoned from the date of delivery. = kari-

chin-wa ha-ita-tsu-bi-kara ke-i-san-sareru I reckon he is wise. = watashi-wa kare-o ka-shiko-i-to omo-u You can reckon on our help. = watashi-tachi-no enjo-o ate-ni shite-mo yo-i

266

recog n ition—recover

recognition.[ shonin, mito-me ] ex. He has changed beyond recognition. = kare-wa su-kkari

kawa-tte-shima-tta

recognize.[ mito-meru, wakaru, kizu-ku ] ex. He had changed so greatly that I could hardy recognize him. =kare-wa to-temo kawa-tta-node watashi-wa naka-

naka kare-da-to wakara-naka-tta

recollect.[ omo-i-dasu ] ex. I can’t recollect who he is. = kare-ga dare-da-ka

watashi-wa omo-i-dase-na-i

recollection.[ ka-iso, omo-ide, ki-oku ] ex. To the best of my recollection, such a thing has never hap¬ pened. =watashi-no ki-oku-suru kagi-ri-dewa，sono

yona koto-wa ke-ssite okora-naka-tta

recommend.[ su-i-sen-suru, susu-meru ] ex. Can you recommend me a good book? = yo-i hon-o

watashi-ni su-i-sen-shite-ita-dake-masu-ka

ex. I re¬

commend you to go by train. = watashi-wa a-nata-ga

kisha-de yuku koto-o

recommendation.[ su-i-sen-jo, kan-koku ] ex. I bought this book on the recommendation of the teacher.=

sense-i-no su-i-sen-de watashi-wa kono hon-o ka-tta

recompense.[ tsugu-na-u, muku-iru ] ex. The company recompensed him for his injury. = sono ka-i-

sha-wa kare-no fu-sho-o tsugu-na-tta

reconcile.[ waka-i-sa-seru, seru, chusa-i-suru ]

naka-na-ori-sa-

ex. I tried to reconcile her with her sister. = ka-nojo-o imoto-

to naka-na-ori-sa-seyo-to shita I reconciled the quarrel among the boys. = boku-wa shonen-tachi-no kenka-no chosa-i-o shita

record.[ rekodo, ki-roku ] recover.[ tori-modo-su, ka-i-fuku-suru ] 267

recreation-refine ex. She recovered her health. = ka-nojo-wa kenko-o ka-i-

fuku-shita modo-tta

He recovered himself. =

kare-wa shoki-ni

recreation.[ ki-bara-shi, go-raku ] red.[ aka-i ] ex. A red light is a sign of danger. = aka-i hikari-wa kiken-

shingd-desu

His business is in the red. = kare-no shoba-

i-wa aka-ji-da

redeem.[ ka-i-modo-su, ka-i-fuku-suru ] ex. He redeemed his camera from the pawn shop. = kare-wa

kame-ra-o shi-chi-ya-kara u-keda-shi-ta

reduce.[ gen-ziru, hera-su ] ex. I must reduce my expenses. = watashi-wa hiyo-o hera-

sa-neba-nara^na-i

reduction.[ wari-biki, kaku-sage ] ex. They sell everything at a reduction of 20 percent at the store.

=ano mise-dewa nan-demo ni-wari-biki-de u-tte-iru

reed.[ a-shi, yoshi ] ex. “A thinking reed” is a well-known expression. =「kanga-

eru a-shij-towa yoku shira-reta hyogen-desu

reel.[ maku, maki-toru ] ex. Reel the thread quickly. = ito-o iso-ide ma-ite-kure

refer.[ shirabe-sa-seru, san-sho-suru ] ex. The teacher referred us to this book. = sense-i-wa

watashi-tachi~ni kono hon-o shirabe-sa-seta p.30. = san-ji-ppeji-o san-sho-shi-nasa-i

Refer to

reference.[ san-sho, sanko] ex. By reference to this book, you will understand it. = kono

hon-o sanko-ni su-reba, sore-ga wakaru-desho Who are your references? = a-nata-no mi-moto-hoshd-nin-wa dare-desu-ka

refine.[ se-ise-i-suru, sen-ren-suru, johin-nisuru ] 268

refined-refreshment

refined.[ se-ise-i-sareta, johin-na ] ex. He is a man of refined taste. =

kare-wa jdhin-na shumi-

no hito-desu

reflect.[ han-sha-suru, u-tsuru, hanse-i-suru ] ex. The hills are reflected on the calm water. =

sono yama-wa

shizuka-na su-imen-ni u-tsu-tte-iru The pool reflected the mizu-tama-ri-ni ki-no kage-ga u-tsu-tte-ita I want time to reflect on myself. = watashi-wa hanse-i~suru jikan-ga hoshi_i trees. =

reflection, reflexion.[ han-sha ] ex. We could see the reflection of the mountains in the lake.=

mizu-um卜ni yama-no kage-ga u-tsu-tte-iru-no-ga mieta Her smile is a reflexion of her happiness. = ka-nojo-no bisho-wa kdfuku-no arawa-re-desu

reform.[ ka-izen-suru, shin-suru ]

ka-i-kaku-suru,

ex. He reformed the system of education. =

ka-i-

kare-wa kyO-iku

se-ido-o ka-i-kaku-shita The thief reformed himself and sono dorobd-wa ka-i-shin-shite yu-no-na shi-min-ni na-tta became a useful citizen. =

re-form.[ tsuku-ri-na-osu ] refrain.[ gaman-suru, osa-eru, tsu-tsu-shimu ] watashi-wa warai-o osa-eru koto-ga deki-naka-tta I refrained from tears.= watashi-wa namida-o kora-eta Please refrain from smok¬ ing. =tabako-wa go-enryo-kudasa-i ex. I could not refrain from laughter. =

refresh.[ soka-i-ni-suru, suru ] ex. A nap refreshed me. =

genki-o-ka-i-fuku-

hiru-ne-o shite watashi-wa

nenki-o ka-i-fuku-shita I refreshed myself with = o-cha-o nonde genki-o ka-i-fuku-shita

a cup of tea.

refreshment.[ genki ka-i-fuku, kibu-n-soka-i, saka] 269

refrigerator-regret refrigerator.[ re-izo-ko] refuge.[ hi-nan-jo] refugee.[ bome-i-sha, nan-min, tobo-sha ] refusal.[ kyohi, jita-i, kotowa-ri ] ex. He gave me a flat refusal. = kare-wa watashi-ni ki-ppari

kotowa-tta

refuse.[ kotowa-ru, kyohi-suru ] ex. He refused to speak. = kare-wa hana-su koto-o kyohi-

shita

regain.[ tori-modo-su, ka-i-fuku-suru ] ex. He regained his health. = kare-wa kenkd-o tori-modo

shita

regard.[ mi-nasu, kanga-eru ] ex. I regard him as a genius. = watashi-wa kare-o tensa-i-

da-to omo-u without regard to = /?/• kamawazu He acts without regard to others. = kare-wa ta-nin-ni kama-wazu furu-ma-u 球

〜

regardless.[ toni-kaku,

〜

kanke-i-naku ](=

anyway) ex. I like the author, regardless. = toni-kaku watashi-wa ano

sa-kka-ga suki-desu Everybody enjoyed the game, regard¬ less of age. = nenre-i-ni kanke-i-naku min-na gemu-o tano-shinda

region.[ chiho, ryo-iki, chi-iki ] ex. This newspaper is very popular in the rural regions. = kono

shin-bu-n-wa chiho-de to-temo nin-ki-ga aru

the

forest region = shin-rin chi-iki

register.[ ki-roku, toroku (-suru), me-ibo] ex. He registered as a university student. = kare-wa da-i-

gaku-se-i-to-shite tOroku-shita a hotel register = shuku-haku-sha me-ibo a registered letter = kaki-tome yubin 防

防

regret.[ koka-i-suru, zan-nen-ni omo-u, ki-no270

regular-relate

doku-ni omo-u ] ex. I regret to hear of his failure. = kare-no shi-ppa-i-o ki-

ite kino-doku-ni omo-u I regret that I cannot swim.= oyoge-na-i-no-ga zan-nen-desu I regret to say that I must decline your offer. = zan-nen-naga-ra a-nata-no mdshide-o o-kotowaィi-shi-nakeィeba-nari-masen

regular.[ ki-soku tada-shi-i, i-tte-i-no] ex. He has no regular income. = kare-niwa te-i-shunyu~ga

na-i 跋

防

keep regular hours = haya-ne haya-oki-o suru

a regular player = se-i-sen-shu

regulate.[ kise-i-suru, se-iri-suru ] ex. It is necessary to regulate the traffic sometimes. = toki-doki

kotsu-o kise-i-suru koto-ga hi-tsuyo-desu

regulation.[ ki-soku, chose-i ] ex. He is apt to break the traffic regulations. = kare-wa kotsO-

ihan-o shi-gachi-desu The regulation of prices is an urgent demand. = bu-kka-no chose-i-ga kinkyO-ni hi-tsuyo-na koto-desu

reject.[ kyo-zetsu-suru, kotowa-ru, su-teru ] ex. He rejected our proposal. = kare-wa wareware-no te-i-

an-o kyo-zetsu-shita

rejection.[ ha-iki-butsu ] rejoice.[ yoroko-bu, ure-shi-i, ure-shiku omo-

u] ex. I am rejoiced to hear of your safe arrival. = a-nata-ga buji

tochaku-shita-no-o ki-ite ure-shi-i They all rejoiced at the news. = karera-wa min-na sono smra-se~o ki-ite yorokon-da

relate.[ mono-gata-ru, kanke-i-zuke-ru, kanke-i-ga aru, musu-bi-tsuke-ru ] ex. The traveler related his adventures. = sono tabi-bito-wa

boken-dan-o shita

Just relate this phenomenon to what you

know. = kono gen-sho~o a-nata-ga shi-tte-iru koto-to

271

relation-religion cho-tto musu-bi-tsuke-te-goran-nasa-i

relation.[ kanke-i，shinru-i ] ex. These efforts brought about the friendly relations between Japan and America. = kono yona do-ryoku-ni-yori nichi-

be-i-kan-ni yuko kanke-i-ga dekita He is a relation of Mr. A by mother’s side. = kare-wa A-san-no haha-kata-no shinru-i-desu

relative.[ kanke-i-aru, hire-i-suru ] ex. Supply is relative to demand. = kyokyO-wa juyo-ni ta-i-

O-suru

relax.[ yuru-meru, nonbiri-sa-seru ] ex. Take a holiday and relax. = yasumi-o tchtte kyuyo-shi-

nasa-i

release.[ ka-iho-suru, fukiri-suru ] ex. They will release all the prisoners. = karera-wa horyo-o

zenbu ka-ihd-suru-dard The French film will soon be re¬ leased in Tokyo. = sono fu-ransu e-iga-wa mamo-naku Tokyo-de fokiri-ni naru

reliable.[ shinra-i-dekiru, shika-na ]

kaku-jitsu-na,

ta-

ex. I got the news from the reliable source. = watashi-wa ta-

shika-na suji-kara nyOsu-o eta

relic.[ i-seki, i-hin, i-butsu ] ex. He visited many places off interest and historic relics in Kyoto. =kare-wa Kyoto-no me-i-sho kyuseki-o taku-san otozu-reta

relieve.[ an-shin-sa-seru, geru, an-shin-suru ]

nozo-ku,

yawara-

ex. Fresh air will relieve your headache. = shin-sen-na kOki-

wa zutsO-o yawara-geru I was much relieved to hear that. =sore-o ki-ite to-temo an-shin-shita

religion.[ shukyo, shinko] ex. What religion do you believe in? = a-nafa-wa dono

272

religious-remedy shOkyo-o shinji-masu-ka

religious.[ shin-jin-buka-i ] ex. He is a very religious man. = kare-wa to-temo shin-jin-

buka-i

reluctant.[〜suru naga-ra ]

ki-ga

shi-na-i,

iya-iya-

ex. He was reluctant to go to the movies with her. = kare-wa

ka-nojo-to e-iga-ni yuku ki-ga shi-naka-tta 跋 a reluc¬ tant helper = iya-iya te-tsuda-u hito 跋 reluctant consent =shibu-shibu-no shodaku

rely.[ shinra-i-suru, suru ]

ate-ni-suru,

tayori-ni-

ex. You may rely on him. = kare-o tayori-ni-shite-mo yo-

i Rely upon it, he will help you. = ki-tto kare-wa tasukete-kure-ru

remain.[ noko-ru, tsuzu-keru ]

i-noko-ru,

a-i-kawa-razu,

ex. A doubt still remains in my mind. = u-taga-i-ga mada

watashi-no kokoro-ni noko-tte-iru She remained stand¬ = ka-nojo-wa a-i-kawa-razu tachi-tsuzuketa Much remains to be done. = suru koto-ga taku-san noko-tte-iru ing.

remark.[ kanso, shokan, iken, yu ] ex. He made a remark on the weather. = kare-wa tenko-ni

tsu-ite hito-koto nobe-ta He remarked that he would attend the meeting. = kare-wa sono ka-igd-ni shu-sseki-suru-to i-tta

remarkable.[ chumoku-su-beki, nara-nu ]

nami-nami-

ex. He has a remarkable ability. = kare-wa chumoku-su-

beki sa-ino-o mo-tte-iru

He is remarkable for his strong

memory. = kare-wa ki-oku-ryoku-ga sugu-rete-iru

remedy.[ chiryo-ho] 273

remember-render 防

a home remedy = kate-i ryoho

remember.[ obo-ete-iru, omo-i-dasu ] ex. I can’t remember his name. = kare-no nama-e-o omo-i-

dase-na-i Please remember me to her. = ka-nojo-ni yoroshiku I remember seeing that person somewhere. = dokoka-de ano hito-ni a-tta-no-o obo-ete-iru Please remem¬ ber to wake me at six. = dozo wasu-rezu-ni watashi-o roku-ji-ni oko-shite-kudasa-i remember the waitress. =wasu-rezu-ni u-e-ito-resu-ni chi-ppu-o watasu 防

remembrance.[ ki-oku, omo-ide ] ex. I have no remembrance of the fact. = watashi-wa sono ji-

jitsu-no ki-oku-ga na-i

remind.[ omo-i-dasa-seru ] ex. The song reminds me of my home. = sono uta-wa kokyO-

o omo-i-dasa-seru Remind me to answer these letters this evening. = kon-ban kono tegami-ni henj卜。kaku yoni cho-i-shite-kudasa-i

remnant.[ nokori, nokori-mono, omo-kage ] 跋

the remnant of a meal = shoku-j卜no nokori-mono

ex. He called up the last remnant of his courage. = kare-wa

sa-igo-no yuki-o furu-i-oko-shita

remorse.[ koka-i ] 跋

remorse of conscience = ryOshin-no ka-shaku

remote.[ to-o-i, henpi-na ] 防

an airport remote from the city = machi-kara to-oku

hana-reta hikd-jo

^ remote island = henpi-na shima

remove.[ nugu, torn, u-tsusu ] ex. He removed his coat. = kare-wa uwa-gi-o nu-ida

He

was removed from the post. = kare-wa sono chi-i-kara ka-

i-nin-sareta remove pins from a diaper = o-mutsu-kara pin-o tori-hazu-su Next year he will remove to Tokyo. = rai-nen kare-wa Tokyo-ni hi-kkosu-daro 跋

render.[〜ni suru,〜ni hon-yaku suru ] 274

renew—repetition ex. Render the following into Japanese. = tsugi-no bu-n-o

wa-yaku-seyo

renew.[ a-tara-shiku-suru, tori-ka-eru ] ex. We renewed the carpet. = kape-tto-o tori-ka-eta

renown.[ me-ise-i ] ex. He won his renown through his art. = kare-wa ge-i-jutsu-

ni yo-tte me-ise-i-o eta

rent.[ shiyo-ryo, kasu ] ex. How much rent do you pay each month? = ma-i-tsuki

yachin-o ikura hara-tte iru-no-desu-ka It cost fifty dollars to rent a car for one day. = ichi-nichi kuruma-o kari-ru-noni goju doru kaka-tta We rented a room to a student.= gaku-se-i-ni heya-o kashi-ta

repair.[ na-osu, shuri-suru ] ex. He repaired his house by himself. = kare-wa jibu-n-de

uchi-o na-o-shita It is dangerous repairing the roof yourself. =jibu-n-de yane-no shuri-o suru-no-wa kiken-da

repay.[ hara-i-modo-su, muku-iru ] ex. He repaid the money to me. = kare-wa watashi-ni kane-

o ka-e-shita We must repay others’ kindness. = watashitachi-wa ta-nin-no shin-setsu-ni muku-卜nake-rebanara-na-i

repeat.[ kuri-ka-esu, ansho-suru ] ex. He repeated that he was not wrong. = kare-wa jibu-n-wa

waru-ku-na-i-to kuri-ka-e-shite i-tta

Don’t repeat the

same error. = o-naji ma-chiga-i-o kuri-ka-e-su-na

The

students repeated the sentence after the teacher. = se-ito-

tachi-wa sense-i-no ato-ni tsu-ite bu_n-o kuri-ka-eshita 球 repeated failures = tabi-kasa-naru shi-ppa-i

repent.[ koka-i-suru, ku-i-arata-meru ] ex. Repent your sins. = tsumi-o ku-i-arata-me-nasa-i

repetition.[ kuri-ka-e-shi ] ex. That is only a repetition of what you said before. = sore-wa

275

replace-reproach kimi-ga ma-e-ni i-tta koto-no kur卜ka-e-shi-ni sugi-na-i

replace.[ to-tte-kawaru, modo-su ]

tori-ka-eru

moto-ni

ex. The school replaced the old teacher with a new one. = ga-

kko-wa toshi-o-ita sense-i-no kawari-ni a-tara-shi-i sense-i-o ireta He will replace John as catcher. = kare-wa hoshu-to-shite Jon-ni to-tte-kawaru-daro

reply.[ kota-eru, henji-suru ] ex. He replied to her question. = kare-wa ka-nojo-no shi-

tsu-mon-ni kota-eta I replied to the custom officer that I had lost my passport. = ze-ikan-in-ni pasu-pdto-o naku-shitato kota-eta I wrote him a reply in English. = watashi-wa eigo-de kare-ni henji-o ka-ita

report.[ hokoku-suru, hodo-suru ] ex. It is reported that a big typhoon is approaching. = o-gata

ta-ifu-ga se-kkin-chO-to hodo-sarete-iru

He is reported

to be in Paris. = kare-wa Pari-ni iru-sd-desu

represent.[ hyogen-suru, imi-suru, da-i-hyosuru ] ex. This picture represents the garden of Eden. = kono e-wa

Eden-no

sono-o

hyogen-shite-iru I represented our watashi-wa sono ka-igi-ni watashi-tachi-no ga-kkd-o da-i-hyo-shite shu-ssek卜 shita

school at the assembly. =

representative.[ da-i-hyo-sha ] ex. He was sent in the capacity of representative. = kare-wa

da-i-hyd-no shi-kaku-de haken-sareta He was the first American representative to Japan. = kare-wa nihon-e-no sa-i-sho-no Ame-rica-no da-i-hyd-da-tta

reproach.[ shika-ru, toga-meru, seme-ru, hinan-suru ] ex. Her eyes reproach me. =

ka-nojo-no me-tsuki-ga

watashi-o toga-mete-iru The teacher reproached them for

276

republic-reservation being late. = sense-i-wa karera-ga

okureta koto-o

shika-tta

republic.[ kyowa-koku ] reputation.[ me-ise-i，hyoban ] ex. The store has a good reputation for fair dealing. = sono

mise-wa kdse-i-na shoba-i-de hyoban-ga yo-i The teacher has the reputation of being strict. = sono sense-i-wa

kibi-shi-i-to yO hyoban-de-aru

request.[ ta-nomu, nega-i, yokyu ] ex. He requested me to attend the meeting. = kare-wa

watashi-ni ka-i-ni shu-sseki-shite-kudasa-i-to tanonda His request was granted. = kare-no yokyu-wa kiki-ire-rare-ta

require.[ hi-tsuyo-to suru, yokyu-suru ] ex. This matter requires haste. = kono koto-wa kyO-o yo-

suru What do you require of me? = a-nata-wa watashi-ni nani-o ydkyd-suru-no-desu-ka

rescue.[ suku-i-dasu ] ex. He rescued the child from the fire. = kare-wa sono kodo-

mo-o kaji-kara suku-i-dashi-ta

reseach.[chosa, kenkyu] resemble.[ nite-iru ] ex. She resembles her mother. = ka-nojo-wa haha-oya-ni

nite-iru

resent.[fu-n-ga-i-suru, kuya-shi-garu, hara-o tate-ru ] ex. He resented my attitude. = kare-wa watashi-no ta-ido-

ni hara-o tate-ta She seemed to resent his rude remarks.= ka-nojo-wa kare-no shi-tsure-i-na kotoba-ni fu-n-ga-ishite-iru-yo-da-tta

reservation.[ yo-yaku ] ex. I made a reservation at the hotel. = watashi-wa ho-teru-o

yo-yaku-shita

277

reserve-resolve

reserve.[ yo-yaku-suru, shite-oku, enryo]

to-tte-oku,

noko-

ex. I have reserved a seat fo『you. = watashi-wa kimi-no

seki-o yo-yaku-shite-aru Reserve some milk for tomorrow. =gyunyu-o suko-shi asu-ni noko-shite~oki-nasa-i He always speaks without reserve. = kare-wa i-tsumo enryonaku hana-shi-o suru

reside.[ sumu, chuza-i-suru ] ex. The Japanese ambassador to the United States resides in Washington. = chObe-i nihon-ta-i-shi-wa Washin-ton-ni

chuza-i-suru

residence.[ jutaku, jukyo] ex. A delightful residence is for sale. = su-bara-shi-i jotaku-

ga uri-ni dasa-rete-iru

resident.[ kyoju-sha, su-nde-iru hito] 跋

a resident of New York = Nyuyoku-ni za-ijO-shite-iru hito

resign.[ dan-nen-suru, ji-shoku-suru ] ex. I resigned my post as President. = watashi-wa da-i-

toryd-no posuto-o ji-shoku-shita

resist.[ te-iko-suru, gaman-suru, kora-eru ] ex. They resisted the enemy’s attack. = karera-wa teki-no

kogeki-ni te-ikd-shita I could not resist laughing.= watashi-wa wara-u-no-o gaman-deK卜naka-tta

resistance.[ te-iko, boga-i ] ex. They made no resistance to (against) the enemy. = karera-

wa teki-ni nani-mo te-ikd-shi-naka-tta

resolute.[ ketsu-zen-to shita, kata-i ] ex. He has a resolute will. = kare-wa i-shi-ga kata-i

resolution.[ ketsu-i, ke-sshin ] ex. He made a resolution not to smoke again. = kare-wa ni-

do-to tabako-o suwa-na-i-to ke-sshin-shita

resolve.[ kime-ru, ketsu-suru ] 278

ke-sshin-sa-seru,

ka-i-

resort-responsibility ex. This resolved us to go by ourselves. = kono tame

watashi-tachi-dake-de yuku koto-ni kime-ta All our doubts were resolved. = watashi-tachi-no u-taga-i-wa subete ka-i-ketsu-shita

resort.[ tayo-ri, koraku-chi (= a pleasure resort)] ex. You are my last resort. = a-nata-wa watashi-no sa-igo-

no tayo-ri-desu

resource.[ shi-gen, shu-dan 】 ex. America is rich in natural resources. = ame-rika-wa ten-

nen-shi-gen-ni tonde-iru no shu-dan-to-shite

^ as a last resource = sa-igo-

respect.[ sonke-i (-suru), soncho (-suru)] ex. You should show respect to your elders. = senpa-i-o

sonke-i-su-beki-desu

respectable.[ ri-ppa-na, kanari-no] ex. He is a respectable man. = kare-wa ri-ppa-na hito-

desu He earns a respectable income. = kare-wa kanari-no shunyO-ga aru 隨 respectable language = kichin-to-shita kotoba

respective.[ sore-zore-no, kaku-ji-no] ex. Go back to your respective rooms. = kaku-ji-no heya-ni

modo-ri-nasa-i

respectively.[ sore-zore-ni, me-ime-i-ni, betsu-betsu-ni ] respond.[ kota-eru, han-no-suru ] ex. We will respond to any questions. = don-na shitsu-mon-

nimo o-kota-e-shi-masu

response.[ henji, han-no] ex. I’m awaiting her response to my letter. = watashi-wa ka-

nojo-kara-no henji-o ma-tte-iru =kimi-ga yonda-node

防

in response to your call

responsibility.[ seki-nin ] ex. I did it on my own responsibility. = watashi-wa sore-o

279

responsible-restrict jibu-n-no seki-nin-de ya-tta

responsible.[ seki-nin-o o-u, shinra-■卜dekiru ] ex. Every citizen is responsible for knowing and obeying the law. =su-bete-no shi-min-wa horitsu-o siri mamoru sekinin-ga aru He gave the task to a responsible person.= kare-wa sono shi-goto-o shinra-i-dekiru hito-ni ata-eta

rest.[ yasumi, yasumu ]

kyusoku,

kyuke-i,

nokori,

ex. Let’s take a rest for some time. = shiba-raku yasumi-

masho What should the rest of us do? = nokori-no monowa do-sureba yo-i-no-desu-ka

restaurant.[ resu-to-ran ] ex. We had dinner at a restaurant. = watashi-tachi-wa resu-

to-ran-de yOshoku-o to-tta

rest house.[ shuku-haku-jo, hoyo-jo] restless.[ ochi-tsuka-na-i, fu-an-na ] ex. He passed a restless night. = kare-wa ochi-tsuka-na-i

ichi-ya-o sugo-shita

restore.[ fu-kkatsu-sa-seru,

ka-i-fuku-saseru ]

ex. He was restored to health after the operation. = kare-wa

shu-jutsu-o shite kenkO-o ka-i-fuku-shita

restrain.[ osa-eru, gaman-sa-seru ] ex. She could not restrain her curiosity. = ka-nojo-wa kdki-

shin-o osa-eru koto-ga deki-naka-tta

restraint.[yoku-se-i, enryo, tsutsu-shimi, jisei-shin ] ex. I lost all restraint at that time. = boKu-wa sono toki ma-

ttaku jise-i-shin-o naku-shita

restrict.[ se-igen-suru, gente-i-suru, kagi-ru ] ex. The doctor has restricted me to a light diet. = i-sha-wa

watash卜ni karu-i shoku-ji-ni se-igen-shita Our club membership is restricted to ten. = watashi-tachi-no ku-rabu ka-i-in-wa jo-nin-ni kagi-rarete-iru

280

restriction-reverse

restriction.[ se-igen, enryo] ex. Tell me without any restriction what you think about this sub¬ ject. =kono monda-i-ni tsu-ite enryo-naku kimi-no

kanga-ete-iru koto-o hana-shite-kudasa-i

result.[ ke-kka, se-i-seki ] ex. The meeting ended without result. = nan-no ketsu-ron-

mo dezu-ni ka-igd-wa owa-tta He got very good results. =kare-wa hijo-ni yo-i se-i-seki-o to-tta 防 cause and result = gen-in-to ke-kka

retain.[ tamo-tsu ] ex. She retains her youth and beauty. = ka-nojo-wa waka-

sa-to u-tsuku-shi-sa-o tamo-tte-iru

retire.[ ta-i-shoku-suru, inta-i-suru ] ex. I retired three years ago. = watashi-wa san-nen ma-e

ta-i-shoku-shi-mashi-ta

retreat.[ ta-i-kyaku-suru, kota-i-suru ] ex. The general ordered a retreat. = shogu-n-wa ta-i-kyaku-

o me-iji-ta

return.[ ka-e-tte-kuru, modo-ru, ka-e-su ] ex. Please return my pen when you’re through with it. = owa-

ttara watashi-no pen-o ka-e-shite-kudasa-i When do you expect him to return? = a-nata-wa kare-ga itsu ka-e-

tte-kuru-to omo-i-masu-ka

reveal.[ akiraka-ni suru, aka-su, mora-su ] ex. He did not reveal his secret plan to us. = kare-wa himi-

tsu-no ke-i-kaku-o aka-sa-naka-tta

It was revealed to be

a dishonest business. = sore-wa fu-se-i-na tori-hiki-de-

aru koto-ga akiraka-ni sareta

revenge.[ fuku-shu-suru, shika-e-shi-suru ] ex. I will revenge this insult. = kono bu-joku-o shika-e-shi-

suru tsumori-da

revenue.[ sa-i-nyu, shu-nyu ] reverse.[ hanta-i-no, gyaku-no, ura-no ] 281

review-revolve ex. Play the reverse side of the record. = rekodo-no ura-

gawa-o kake-te-kudasa-i The truth is almost the reverse. =shinso-wa ho-tondo sono gyaku-de-aru Please re¬ verse the glass. = ko-ppu-o fu-sete-kudasa-i

review.[ fuku-shu-suru, hihyo-suru ] ex. Review your lessons every day. = ma-i-nichi fuku-shu-

shi-nasa-i He reviewed her book favorably. = kare-wa kanojo-no hon-o kd-i-teki-ni hihyo-shita

reviewer.[ hyoron-ka, hihyo-ka ] revise.[ ka-ite-i-suru, arata-meru, ka-eru ] ex. I revised my manuscript. = watashi-wa genko-o te-na-

o-sh 卜 shita

revised.[ ka-ite-i-shita, shuse-i-shita ] 跋

a revised edition = ka-ite-i-ban

revival.[ ka-i-fuku ] revive.[ iki-ka-era-seru, yomiga-eru, i-shiki-o tori-modo-su ] ex. The faded flower revived in the water. = sono shi-o-reta

hana-wa mizu-ni ire-tara iki-ka-e-tta She revived after fainting. = ka-nojo-wa kize-tsu-shita ato i-shiki-o torimodo-shita

revocation.[ tori-keshi ] 跋

the revocation of a driver’s license = u-n-ten menkyo tori-

keshi

revolt.[ somu-ku, han-kan-o ida-ku, te-ikosuru ] revolution.[ kakume-i, ka-iten ] ex. The French Revolution broke out in 1789. = fu-ransu

kakume-i-wa sen-nana-hyaku-hachi-jo-kyd-nen-ni okotta The revolution of the earth causes day and night. = chikyO-no ka-iten-de yoru-to hiru-ga aru

revolve.[ ka-iten-suru, mawa-ru ] ex. The earth revolves around the sun. = chi-kyO-wa ta-iyd-

282

reward-rifle no mawari-o m a warn The earth revolves on its axis. = chikyu-wa chi-jiku-o chushin-ni jiten-suru

reward.[ hoshu, hobi, o-re-i ] ex. He cares little about his reward. = kare-wa hoshu-nado-

wa ho-tondo ki-ni-kakete-i-na-i

rhythm.[ rizu-mu ] rib.[ ro-kkotsu ] ex. Many kinds of animals have ribs. = ro-kkotsu-no aru

dobutsu-wa o-o-i

ribbon.[ ribon ] ex. Her hair was tied up with a ribbon. = ka-nojo-no kami-wa

ribon-de musu-barete-ita

rice.[ kome ] ex. This year we shall have a fine crop of rice. = koto-shi-wa

hosaku-desho

跋

early rice = wase

rich.[ kane-mochi, hofu-na, yutaka-na ] ex. He is rich in experience. = kare-wa ke-iken hofu-da

riddle.[ nazo] ex. He is a riddle wrapped in a mystery. = kare-wa shinpi-ni

tsu-tsuma-reta nazo-no jin-butsu-de-aru Can you solve this riddle? = kono nazo-ga toke-masu-ka

ride.[ noru, no-tte-iku, noru-koto] ex. Will you give me a ride in your car? = kuruma-ni no-

sete-kudasa-i

ridge.[ o-ne ] ex. The moon was shining on the ridge of the mountain. = tsu-

ki-ga yama-no o-ne-o tera-shite-ita

ridiculous.[ baka-geta, kke-i-na ]

ton-demo-na-i,

ko-

ex. You look ridiculous in such a dress. = son-na fuku-sd-o

shite-iru-to ko-kke-i-ni mi-e-masu

rifle.[ ra-i-furu-ju ] ex. The soldier rushed out with a rifle. = sono he-i-shi-wa ra-

283

right-rise i-furu-jQ-o mo-tte tobi-dashi-ta

right.[ migi, migi-no kenri ]

卜

left),

tada-shi-i

(一

wrong),

ex. In America trafic keeps to the right. = Ame-riKa-dewa

migi-gawa tsOko-desu You are quite right. = a-nata-no yu koto-wa ma-ttaku tada-shhi HI come right away.= ima sugu ma-iri-masu right and duty = kenri-to gimu fundamental human rights = kihon-teki jm-ken 防

ring1.[wa, yubi-wa ] ex. He gave her an engagement ring. = kare-wa ka-nojo-ni

kon-yaku yubi-wa-o oku-tta

ring2.[ nara-su, denwa-o suru ] ex. She rang the warning bell. = ka-nojo-wa ke-ihd-o nara-

shita I will ring you up later. = ato-de o-denwa-o ita-shimasu Give me a ring tomorrow afternoon. = asu-no gogo denwa-o kudasa-i

riot.[ b0d5 ] ex. A riot broke out in the jail. = ke-imu-sho-de bodo-ga

oko-tta

rip.[ saku, yabu-ru ] ex. I ripped my coat on the nail. = kugi-de uwagi-ga yabu-

keta

This cloth rips easily. = kono nu-no-wa sake-yasu-i

ripe.[ juku-shita, en-juku-shita ] ex. Are these grapes ripe enough to eat? = kono budo-wa

jubu-n juku-shite-i-masu-ka juku-shita

The time is ripe. = ki-wa

ripen.[ juku-suru ]

,

ex. Chestnuts ripen in autumn. = kuri-wa aki-ni juku-su

ripple.[ saza-nami, nami-u-tsu ] ex. The moon danced on the ripples of the lake. = tsuki-wa

kosu-i-no saza-nami-ni odo-tta The grass rippled in the breeze. = kaze-de kusa-ga nabi-ita

rise.[ nobo-ru, aga-ru, okiru ] 284

risk-rob ex. Prices still continue to rise. = bu-kka-wa mad a aga-ri-

tsuzu-kete-iru I saw smoke rise straight up in the air.= kemuri-ga sora-ni ma-ssugu-ni nobo-ru-no-ga mi-eta Do you want to rise in the world? = a-nata-wa shu-sseshi-ta-i-desu-ka

risk.[ kiken, boken ] ex. He started the work at the risk of his life. = kare-wa se-

ime-i-o kake-te sono shi-goto-o hajime-ta

Reckless

young people are fond of taking risks. = mubo-na waka-

mono-wa boken-o suru-no-ga suki-da ^ at any risk (= at all risks) = don-na kiken-o oka-shite-mo, zehi-tomo I will risk my life for this work. = watashi-wa kono shi-goto-ni i-nochi-o kake-masu

rival.[ kyoso a-ite, ra-i-baru ] ex. We are good rivals in tennis. = watashi-tachi-wa te-

nisu-no yo-i ra-i-baru-desu

river.[ kawa ] road.[ doro, michi ] ex. This road goes to Sapporo. = kono michi-wa Sa-pporo-

e tsOjite-iru

roam.[ aru-ki-mawaru, uro-uro-suru ] ex. I like roaming about the fields in spring. = watashi-wa

haru-ni nohara-o aru-ki-mawaru-no-ga suki-desu

roar.[ ho-eru, u-naru ] ex. I heard a lion roar in the distance. = to-oku-de ra-i-on-ga

ho-eru-no-ga kiko-eta I heard the roar of the waves.= nami-no todo-roki-ga kiko-eta

roast.[ yaku ] ex. Mary is good at roasting beef. = Mary-wa gyu-niku-o

yaku-no-ga toku-i-desu

rob.[ uba-u ] ex. They robbed him of his money. = karera-wa kare-kara

kane-o uba-tta

The tall buildings have robbed us of sunlight。

285

robber-roof =koso ken-chiku-wa watashi-tachi-kara ni-kko-o ubatta

robber.[ goto] ex. The robber was arrested on the spot. = goto-wa genba-

de tsuka-ma-tta

robin.[ koma-dori ] rock1.[iwa] ex. My will is as firm as a rock. = watashi-no i-shi-wa iwa-

no yoni kata-i The ship struck the rocks. = sono fune-wa zasho-shita

rock2.[ yure-ru，shindo-suru ] ex. The house rocked during the earthquake. = i-e-ga ji-shin-

no a-ida yure-ta

rocket.[ roke-tto ] ex. The rocket was launched to the moon. = roke-tto-wa tsu-

ki-ni muke-te ha-ssha-sareta

rod.[ sa-o,bo] 防

a rod and line = ito-no tsu-ita tsuri-za-o

ex. Spare the

rod and spoil the child, (proverb) = mu-chi-o o-shimu-to

kodomo-wa dame-ni naru (kotowaza) = kawa-hi koniwa tabi-o sa-seyo (kotowaza)

rogue.[ goro-tsuki ] (= rascal) ex. The rogue got his living by doing evil. = sono goro-tsuki-

wa akuji-o hata-ra-ite se-i-katsu-shite-ita

roll.[ me-ibo, shu-sseki-bo, koro-garu ] ex. My name was not on the roll. = watashi-no nama-e-wa

me-ibo-ni naka-tta A big rock rolled down. = o-o-kina iwa-ga koro-gari-ochi-ta

romantic.[ kuso-teki-na, roman-chi-kku-na] ex. She is a romantic girl and is fond of reading novels. = ka-

nojo-wa roman-chi-kku-na shojo-de shd-setsu-o yomuno-ga suki-desu

roof.[ yane ] 286

room-rough ex. A cat is walking on the roof. = neko-ga yane-no u-e-o

aru-ite-iru

room.[ heya, basho, yochi ] ex. How many rooms are there in your house? = a-nata-no

uchi-niwa heya-ga iku-tsu ari-masu-ka This table takes up too much room. = kono teburu-wa basho-o tor卜sugimasu There is no room for doubt. = u-taga-i-o ireru yochi-wa na-i

root.[ ne, konte-i, kiso] ex. This way of thinking is at the root of Japanese culture.=

kono kanga-e-kata-ga nihon-bu-nka-no kiso-o nashite-iru

rope.[ tsu-na, ropu ] ex. The dog was tied up with a long rope. = inu-wa naga-i

tsu-na-de tsu-naga-rete-ita

rose.[ bara ] ex. This is a red and white rose. = kore-wa aka-to shiro-no

mada-ra-no bara-desu-ne

rosy.[ bara-iro-no, akaru-i, yubo-na ] ex. She came in, rosy from a long bath. = ka-nojo-wa naga-

yu-de aka-ku natte ha-i-tte-kita The prospects are less rosy than you suppose. = zento-wa kimi-ga omo-u hodo akaru-ku-na-i

rot.[ kusa-ru, kusa-rase-ru ] ex. The wooden bridge was rotting away. = ki-no hasm-wa

kusa-tte kuzuィe-kake-te-ita

Rotary Club.[ rotarT ku-rabu ] ex. My father is a member of the Rotary Club. = watashi-no

chi chi-wa rotarT ku-rabu-no ka-i-in-desu

rotten.[ kusa-tta ] ex. Some of these eggs are rotten. = ta-mago-no iku-tsu-ka-

wa kusa-tte-iru

rough.[ ara-i, deko-boko-no ] 287

round-royal ex. We drove on a rough road. = wareware-wa deko-boko-

michi-o kuruma-de hashi-tta He is rough in manner.= kare-wa furu-ma-i-ga soya-da

round.[ maru-i, mawari-ni, maruku-suru ] ex. The pupils gathered round. = se-ito-tachi-wa mawari-ni

a-tsuma-tta Come round and see me tomorrow. = a-shita aso-bi-ni i-ra-ssha-i ぼ all the year round = ichi-nenju He traveled round the world. = kare-wa seka-i-i-sshdryoko-o shita

roundabout.[ mawari-michi, to-o-mawari ] rouse.[ me-o sama-sa-seru, genki-zuke-ru, fu-nki-sa-seru ] ex. A loud knock at the door roused me. = do-a-o tata-ku o-

oki-na oto-de me-ga sa-meta

He was roused to fury by

the remarks. = kare-wa sono kotoba-de ikari-ni kara-

reta I was roused by the bell. = boku-wa beru-no oto-de me-ga sa-meta

route.[ ro-sen, michi, ruto] ex. This route is not frequently used by travellers. = kono

michi-wa ryoko-sha-niwa ama-ri riyo-sare-na-i air route = koku-ro

跋

an

routine.[ kima-tta shi-goto] ex. We cannot be free from our daily routine. = watashi-tachi-

wa ma-i-nichi-no kima-tta shi-goto-kara noga-reru koto-wa deki-na-i

rove.[ uro-tsuku ] row1.[retsu ]

,

ex. There was a row of trees on either side of the road. = dOro-

no ryOgawa-ni nami-ki-ga a-tta

row2.[ kogu ] ex. We rowed a boat on the lake. = watashi-tachi-wa mizu-

umi-de bdto-o ko-ida

royal ••••••[ o-shitsu-no, 0-no ] 288

rub-rule the royal family = o-shitsu

防

ex. There is no royal road to

learning. (Proverb) = gaku-mon-ni ddo nashi (kotowaza)

rub.[ kosu-ru, sasu-ru ] ex. The boy rubbed his face with his hands. = shonen~wa kao-o te-de kosu-tta

He rubbed me on the back. = kare-wa

watashi-no se-naka-o sasu-tte-kure-ta kosu-tte kesu

跋

rub out =

rubber.[ gomu, keshi-gomu ] rubber band.[ gomu-wa ] rubbish.[ gara-kuta ] ex. There is a pile of rubbish in the corner of the room. = heya-

no sumi-ni gara-kuta-no yama-ga aru

rucksack.[ ryu-kku-sa-kku ] rude.[ shi-tsure-i-na, bu-re-i-na, bu-saho-na ] (料

polite, courteous = re-igi-tada-shi-i, te-ichd-na)

ex. You were rude to stare at people. = hito-o jiro-jiro mita-

no-wa shi-tsure-i-da

ruffle.[ kaki-mida-su, mida-su, shiwa-kuchani suru ] ex. You get easily ruffled. = kimi-wa sugu ira-ira-suru

rug.[ shiki-mono] rugged.[ gotsu-gotsu-shita ] 防

a rugged person (constitution) = ga-tchiri-shita hito (ta-i-

kaku)

ruin.[ hame-tsu, hame-tsu-sa-seru, ha-ikyo] ex. The affair ruined him. = sono jiken-de kare-wa hame-

tsu-shita

rule.[ ki-soku, osa-meru ]

kite-i,

kanre-i,

shiha-i-suru,

ex. It is against the road rules. = sore-wa dOro kotsu-ho

ihan-desu I make it a rule to get up early. = watashi-wa asa hayaku okiru koto-ni shite-i-masu Don’t be ruled by your passions. = kanjo-ni shiha-i-sare-tewa ike-na-i

289

rulebook-rustic

rulebook.[ ki-soku-sho] ruler.[ shiha-i-sha] rumour (rumor).[ u-wasa,u-wasa bana-shi ] ex. Rumor has it that they will get married. = futa-ri-wa ke-

kkon-suru-to yu u-wasa-desu

run.[ ha-shira-seru, tsuzu-ku ]

ke-i-e-i-suru,

ha-shiru,

ex. The boy ran his horse up and down the road. = shonen-wa

uma-o achi-kochi-ni ha-shira-seta The man is running two hotels. = sono hito-wa ho-teru-o futa-tsu ke-i-e-ishite-iru The bus runs every four minutes. = basu-wa yonpun goto-ni de-masu The play ran for a year. = sono geki-wa ichi-nen-kan tsuzu-ita The child was run over by a car. = kodomo-ga kuruma-ni hika-reta 防 run after = o-i-kakeru 球 run away = nige-ru 跋 in the long run = naga-i me-de mire-ba, ke-kkyoku

rupture.[ ketsu-retsu, naka-taga-i ] 跋

a rupture in diplomatic relations = ga-iko kanke-i-no

dan-zetsu

rural.[ i-naka-no ] ex. I love rural life. = watashi-wa den-en se-i-katsu-ga

suki-desu

rush.[ to-sshin-suru ] ex. An idea rushed into my mind. =

aru kanga-e-ga

watashi-no a-tama-ni u-kanda The boys rushed out of the shonen-tachi-wa kyO-shitsu-kara tobidashi-ta Don’t rush me. = seka-sa-na-i-de-kudasa-i

classroom. =

Russia.[ roshi-a, soren ] Russian.[ roshi-a-jin, roshi-a-go] rust.[ sabi ] rustic.[ i-naka-no] ex. I wish to live in rustic solitude. = watashi-wa i-naka-de

inkyo se-i-katsu-o shi-ta-i

290

rustle-rusty

rustle.[ sara-sara oto-o tate-ru ] ex. I heard the rustles of the leaves. = ki-no-ha-no sara-

sara-to yu oto-ga kiko-eta

rusty.[ sabi-ta ] ex. The sword got rusty. = sono kata-na-wa sabi-ta

sack.[ fu-kuro] 防

a flour sack = kona bu-kuro

sacred.[ shinse-i-na] ex. He devoted his life to the sacred duty. = kare-wa sono

shinse-i-na gimu-ni i-ssho-o sasa-geta

sacrifice.[ gise-i ] ex. He made a sacrifice of his holidays in order to finish the work. =kare-wa

sono shi-goto-o kanse-i-suru kyuka-o gise-i-ni shita

tame-ni

sad.[ kana-shi-i, kana-shiso-na ] ex. Everyone was sad over his death. = min-na kare-no shi-o

kana-shinc/a 球 sad to say = kana-shi-i koto-ni, zannen-na koto-ni

saddle.[ kura, kura-o tsuke-ru, owa-seru ] ex. Saddle the horse. = uma-ni kura-o tsuke-nasa-i

She

saddled him with debts. = ka-nojo-wa kare-ni sha-kkin-o

owa-seta

sadly.[ kana-shiso-ni ] 防

speak sadly = kana-shiso-ni hana-su

sadness.[ kana-shimi, hitan ] ex. He always has an air of sadness about him. = kare-wa i-

tsumo kana-shisD-na yOsu-o shite-iru

safe.[ an-zen-na, buji-na, kinko(= safes)] ex. He came back safe from the war. = kare-wa senso-kara

buji-ni ka-e-tte-kita Put the money in the safe. = kane-o kinko-m ire-nasa-i It is safe to skate on this ice. = kono ko-ori-no u-e-de suk^to-o shite-mo an-zen-da ^ as safe as houses = ma-ttaku an-zen-de-aru

safety ••••••[ an-zen, buji ]

292

sail-saloon 防

safety belt = an-zen beru-to

kami-sori

球

琢

safety razor = an-zen

safety zone = an-zen chita-i

sail.[ koka-i-suru, shu-ppan-suru ] ex. The ship sailed from Yokohama for San Francisco. = fune-

wa Yokohama-kara San-furan-shisu-ko-ni muka-tte shu-ppan-shita Can you sail a boat? = fune-o hashira-seru koto-ga deki-masu-ka

sailor.[ funa-nori, su-ifu, sen-in ] ex. Sailors were working hard on deck. = sen-in-tachi-wa

kan-pan-de i-sshd-ken-me-i hataィa-ite-i-ta

saint.[ se-i-jin, se-ija] ex. He lived a saint’s life. = kare-wa se-ija-no yona se-i-

katsu-o oku-tta

sake.[ tame-ni ] 防

for the sake of

=〜no tame-ni

〜

He worked harder for

the sake of making more money. = kare-wa mo-tto kane-o

ka-segu tame-ni sara-ni i-sshd-ken-me-i hata-ra-ita

salad.[ sarada ] salary.[ kyuryo ] ex. I work on a monthly salary. = watashi-wa ge-kkyd-se-i-

de hata-ra-ite-iru

sale.[ hanba-i, uri-a-ge ] ex. He offered the car for sale. = kare-wa kuruma-o uri-ni

dashi-ta

Eggs are on sale. = ta-mago-wa toku-ba-i-chO-

desu

salesman.[ hanba-i-in, ga-iko-in, ten-in ] ex. The salesman of the store give a good impression to the cus¬ tomers. =sono mise-no ten-in-wa kyaku-ni yo-i in-sho-

o ata-eru The salesman went from house to house. = sono ga-iko-in-wa i-kken-i-kken homon-snita

salmon.[ sake ] saloon.[ o-o-hiro-ma ] a dining saloon = da-i-shoku-dO

293

salt-satire salt.[ shi-o] 琢

table salt =

shoku-taku-en

salute.[ a-i-satsu-suru ] ex. He saluted me by raising his hat. =

kare-wa boshi-o a-

gete watashi-ni a-i-satsu-shita

same.[ o-naji j ex. He and I are in the same class. =

kare-to watashi-wa o-

naji kura-su-desu This is the same as I showed you before. =kore-wa ma-e-ni a-nata-ni mi-seta-no-to o-naj卜 desu ぼ at the same time = doji-ni, yahari, demo You can start today or tomorrow. It is all the same to me. = kimi-wa kyo shu-ppatsu-shite-mo asu shu-ppatsu-shite-mo yoi. watashi-wa dochira-demo yo-i

sample.[ mihon J ex. I want to see a sample of the cloth. =

watashi-wa sono

kij•卜no mihon-o mi-ta-i

sand.[ su-na] sandwich.[ sando-i-tchi ] watashi-no nee-san-wa sando-i-tchi-o tsuku-ru-no-ga jozu-desu

ex. My sister is good at making sanawiches. =

sanitary.[ e-ise-i-no, koshu e-ise-i-no, se-iketsu-na ] ex. Sanitary science is indispensable for public welfare.=

kDshu e-ise-i-gaku-wa kOshu-no fuku-sm-no tame-ni zehi hi-tsuyo-na mono-de-aru ^ a sanitary kitchen = se-i-ketsu-na da-i-dokoro

Satan.[ akuma ] ex. A man is often tempted by Satan. =

nin-gen-wa shiba-

shiba akuma-ni yuwaku-sareru

satire.[fushi, hi-niku ] ex. What he talks about is a satire on modern civilization.=

kare-ga i-tte-iru koto-wa genda-i bu-n-me-i-ni ta-isuru fOshi-de-aru

294

satisfaction-say satisfaction.[ man-zoku ] ex. He felt satisfaction in his work. = kare-wa jibu-n-no shi-

goto-ni man-zoku-shite-iru

satisfactory.[ man-zoku-na， na-i ]

moshi-bu-n-no

ex. These goods are quite satisfactory. = korera-no shina-

mono-wa ma-ttaku mdshi-bu-n-ga na-i

satisfied.[ man-zoku-na ] ex. She went out with a satisfied look. = ka-nojo-wa man-

zoku-shita ka-otsuki-de dete-i-tta

satisfy.[ man-zoku sa-seru, mita-su ] ex. I am satisfied with your explanation. = watashi-wa kimi-

no se-tsume-i-ni man-zoku-shite-iru curiosity = koki-shin-o mita-su

膝

satisfy one’s

Saturday.[ do-yobi ] ex. School is over before noon on Saturday. = ga-kko-wa do-

ydbi-niwa gozen-cho-ni owari-masu

saucer.[ uke-zara ] (dish = sara) savage.[ yaban-na, mika-i-no] save.[ suku-u, takuwa-eru, se-tsuya-ku-suru, cho-kin-suru ] ex. He jumped into the river and saved the child from drowning. =kare-wa kawa-ni tobi-konde kodomo-ga obo-reru-

no-o suku-tta

He worked day and night in order to save

money. = kare-wa kane-o takuwa-eru tame-ni nichi-ya

hata-ra-ita You have to save for your old age. = a-nata-wa rogo-no tame-ni takuwa-e-neba-nara-na-i I am saving up for a trip. = ryoko-suru tame-ni cho-kin-snite-iru

saw.[ noko-giri ] say.[ yu-u ] ex. He said, “Perhaps she won’t go_” =「tabu-n ka-nojo-wa

ika-na~i-daroj -to kare-wa i-tta

What do you say to taking

a walk? = sanpo-wa do-desu-ka

防

let’s say, = tato-

295

saying-scenery eba, sd-desu-ne I say, what are you doing? = ne-e nani shite-ru-no that is to say = i-i-ka-e-reba，tsumari ?跋

saying.[ kotowaza ] scandal.[ o-shoku, shubu-n, haji] a political scandal = se-iji o-shoku

su-kyan-daru, There have been

grave scandals in the company. = sono ka-i-sha-ni da-i-o-

shoku jiken-ga a-tta

scanty.[ wazuka-no, fu-jubu-n-na ] a scanty rice crop = wazuka-no kome-no shukaku

scar.[ kizu-ato ] ex. He has a little scar on his forehead. = kare-wa hita-i-ni

chi-i-sana kizu-ato-ga aru

scarcely.[ ho-tondo〜na-i, ya-tto ] ex. He can scarcely write his name. = kare-wa jibu-n-no

nama-e-o kaku-no-ga ya-tto-da

scare.[ odo-su, b•卜kkuri-sa-seru, kowa-garu J ex. A sudden noise in the dark scared the children. = kura-

yami-no naka-de totsu-zen oto-ga shita-node kodomotachi-wa kowa-ga-tta

scarlet.[ hi-iro, ma-kka-na ] ex. His face turned scarlet. = kare-no ka-o-wa ma-kka-ni

na-tta

scatter.[ maki-chira-su, bara-maku ] ex. Small islands are scattered in the bay. = chi-i-sana shi-

ma-ga wan-na-i-ni chira-ba-tte-iru

scene.[ bamen, koke-i, fuke-i, genba] ex. The police arrived quickly on the scene. = ke-ikan-wa

sugu genba-ni tsu-ita

scenery.[ ke-shiki, fuke-i ] ex. I was overlooking the surrounding scenery from the hill.=

watashi~wa oka-no u-e-kara mawari-no ke-shiki-o mioro-shite-i-mashi-ta

296

scent-scientist

scent.[ ni-o-i, ka-ori ] ex. The scent of roses filled the room. = bara-no ka-ori-ga

heya-o mita-shita

schedule.[ yote-i, suke-juru, yote-i-suru ] ex. According to schedule, we have a game next Sunday.=

yote-i-dewa watashi-tachi-wa tsugi-no nichi-yobi-ni shi-a-i-ga aru What’s your schedule this afternoon? = kyono gogo-no yote-i-wa do-na-tte i-masu-ka

scheme.[ ke-i-kaku, kiko, an, ritsu-an-suru ] ex. The scheme is now established. = sono ke-卜kaku-wa

ima-ya kaku-ritsu-shite-iru

scholar.[ gaku-sha ] ex. He is a great scholar. = kare-wa ida-i-na gaku-sha-da

scholarship.[ gaku-mon, shogaku-kin ] 防

win (receive) a scholarship = shd-gaku-kin-o mora-u

school.[ ga-kko, ju-gyo] ex. We have several schools in this city. = kono shi-niwa ga-

kko-ga iku-tsuka ari-masu We have no school today.= kyo-wa ju-gyo-ga ari-masen What will you do after school? = a-nata-wa hOka-go nani-o shi-masu-ka

schoolboy.[ dan-shi se-ito] schoolgirl.[jo-shi se-ito] schoolhouse.[ kosha, ga-kko] ex. Our schoolhouse can be seen from the station. = watashi-

tach卜no ga-kko-wa eki-kara mi-e-masu

science.[ ka-gaku, ~ gaku ] ex. He decided to study science. = kare-wa ka-gaku-o

benkyo-suru koto-ni kime-mashi-ta

^ political science

=se-iji-gaku

scientific.[ ka-gaku-teki-na, ka-gaku-no] 跋

a scientific method = ka-gaku-teki hoho

scientist.[ ka-gaku-sha] ex. Dr. Yukawa is one of the greatest scientist in the world.=

297

scissors-scramble Yukawa haka-se-wa seka-i-de mo-ttomo ida-i-na kagaku-sha-no hito-ri-desu

scissors.[ hasa-mi ] ex. These scissors are sharp. = kono hasa-mi-wa yoku

kire-ru

scold.[ shika-ru, ko-goto-o yu ] ex. Don’t scold me for being late. = okureta-kara-to i-tte

shika-ra-na-ide-kudasa-i She never scolded me even when I made a mistake. = ka-nojo-wa watashi-ga machiga-i-o shita-toki-demo ke-sshite shika-ra-naka-tta

scope.[ han-i ] ex. It is beyond the scope of science. = sore-wa ka-gaku-no

han-i-o ko-ete-iru

scorch.[ koga-su, koge-ru ] ex. She scorched my shirt while ironing. = ka-nojo-wa boku-

no sha-tsu-o a-iron-de koga-shita

score.[ toku-ten, ten-o torn, toku-ten-suru ] toku-ten-wa nan-ten-desuka Our team scored three points. = watashi-tachi-no chT mu-wa san-ten to-tta

ex. What is the score? =

scorn.[ ke-i-betsu-suru, ke-i-betsu ] ex. I feel scorn for him. = watashi-wa kare-ni ke-i-betsu-o

kanji-masu He scorned my advice. = kare-wa watashi-no chukoku-o ke-i-betsu-shita

scorpion.[ sa-sori ] 跋

Scorpion = sa-sori-za

Scotch.[ suko-tto-rando (-jin, -go)-no] Scotland.[ suko-tto-rando ] scramble.[ kaki-maze-ru, uba-i-toru, kinkyuha-sshin-suru ] ex. They scrambled for the seat. = karera-wa saki-o a-raso-

tte seki-o totta 跋

298

scrambled egg = iri-ta-mago

scrap-sea

scrap.[ kuzu-tetsu, kiri-nuki ] ex. He sold the bicycle as scrap. = kare-wa jiten-sha-o

kuzu-tetsu-to-shite u-tta These are scraps from the Japan Times. = korera-wa Japan Ta-i-muzu-no kiri-nuki-desu

scrape.[ kosu-ru, suri-komu ] ex. I fell and scraped my knee. = watashi-wa koron-de

hiza-o suri-mu-ita

scratch.[ hi-ttaku-ru, ha-shiri-gaki-suru ] ex. The cat scratched me. = neko-ga watashi-o hi-kka-

ita She scratched a few lines. = ka-nojo-wa ni-san-gyo ha-shiri-gaki-shita

scrawl.[ ha-shiri-gaki-suru ] scream.[ sa-kebu, sa-kebi-go-e, hime-i-o ageru ] ex. She screamed for help. = ka-nojo-wa tasu-ke-o moto-

mete sa-kenda Suddenly I heard a woman scream “murder”. = totsu-zen watashi-wa「hito-goro-shij -to yu onna-no sa-kebi-go-e-o ki-ita

screen.[ maku, tsu-i-tate, kana-ami ] a sliding screen = fusu-ma，shoji

跋

screw.[ neji j ex. One of the screws is loose. = neji-ga i-ppon yuru-nde-

iru

scribble.[ nagu-ri-gaki-suru, raku-gaki-suru ] ex. No scribbling. = raku-gaki kin-shi

scrub.[ kosu-ru ] ex. She scrubbed the floor with a brush. = ka-nojo-wa bura-

shi-de yuka-o kosu-tta

sculpture.[ chokoku, chokoku-hin ] ex. He is skilled in sculpture. = kare-wa chokoku-ga jozu-

de-aru

sea.[ umi ] 琢

the freedom of the seas = ka-iyo no jiyO

防

the high seas

299

seal-secondhand =koka-i

防

by sea = fune-de

seal1.[aza-rashi, aza-rashi-gari-o suru ] 防

go sealing = aza-rashi-gari-ni yuku

seal2.[ in-kan, hanko, in ] ex. The treaty was signed and sealed. = sono joyaku-wa

shome-i choin-sareta I put the seal on the paper.= watashi-wa shoru-i-m m-o o-shita

seam.[ nu-i-me, awase-me ] ex. He cut the seam open. = kare-wa nu-i-me-o hira-ita

search.[ saga-su, kensa-suru ] ex. They searched the woods for the missing child. = karera-

wa yuku-e-fume-i-no kodomo-o mitsuke-yo-to mori-o saga-shita I am searching for some temporary lodgings.= watashi-wa toza-no ge-shuku-o saga-shite-i-masu

seashell.[ ka-i-gara ] seashore.[ ka-i-gan ] ex. We gathered shells on the seashore. = watashi-tachi-wa

ka-i-gan-de ka-i-gara-o hiro-tta

seasick.[ funa-yo-i ] 琢

get seasick = fune-ni yo-u

seaside.[ hama-be, ka-i-gan ] season.[ ki-setsu, jiki ] ex. When does the rainy season begin? = uki-wa i-tsu-goro-

kara haji-mari-masu-ka

seat.[ za-seki, seki ] ex. Go back to your seat. = jibu-n-no seki-ni modo-ri-

nasa-i

Please be seated. = dOzo o-kake-kudasa-i

second1.[da-i-n•卜no, niban-me-no] ex. Osaka is the second largest city in Japan. = Osaka-wa

nihon-de niban-me-ni o-oki-na toshi-desu

second2.[ byo] ex. Give me a second. = cho-tto ma-tte-kudasa-i

secondhand.[ chuko-no] 300

secrecy-see ex. I dropped in at the secondhand book store. = watashi-wa

furu-hon-ya-ni tachi-yori-mashi-ta

secrecy.[ himi-tsu ] ex. The meeting was held in strict secrecy. = sono ka-igi-wa

gokuhi-no uchi-ni hira-kare-ta

secret.[ himi-tsu-no, na-i-sho-no, himi-tsu ] ex. I have no secrets from you. = watashi-wa a-nata-ni

nan卜mo himi-tsu-wa na-i

secretary.[ hisho, chokan ] ex. The secretary is busy making business arrangements and appointments. = hisho-wa shi-goto-no ju-nbi-ya yaku-

soku-o to-ttari suru-no-ni i-soga-shi-i The Secretary of State is due to come to Japan next month. = koku-mu chokan-wa ra-i-getsu nihon-ni kuru yote-i-desu

section.[ bu-mon, bubu-n ] ex. He belongs to the accounts section of the company. = kare-

wa ka-i-sha-no ka-ike-i-ka-ni sho-zoku-shite-iru

secure.[ an-zen-na, kaku-jitsu-na, te-ni ireru] ex. The building stands on a secure foundation. = sono biru-

wa shi-kkari-shita doda-i-ni ta-tte-iru

膝

secure informa¬

tion =joho-o te-ni ireru

security.[ an-zen, buji, hosho, tanpo] ex. She lives in Japan in security. = ka-nojo-wa buji-ni

nihon-de kura-shite-iru He does not lend money except on good security. = kare-wa kaku-jitsu-na tanpo-ga nakereba kane-o kasa-na-i

see.[ miru, mi-eru, wakaru, a-u ] ex. What do you see on the horizon? = chihe-i-sen-ni nani-

qa mi-e-masu-ka I see what you mean. = a-nata-no kanga-ete-iru koto-ga wakari-masu I went to see the movie yesterday. = kino watashi-wa sono e-iga-o mi-ni /7c/mashi-ta I see. = wakari-mashi-ta If you don’t believe

301

seed-seldom me, go and see for yourself. = watashi-o shmji-rare-na-i-

naraba jibu-n-de i-tte ta-shika-mete-mina-sa-i Do you See you later. = mata-ne， mata a-i-masho

see? = wakari-mashi-ta-ka

seed.[ tane ] ex. He planted seeds in the field. = kare-wa hata-ke-ni

tane-o ma-ita He always sows the seeds of quarrels.= kare-wa i-tsumo kenka-no tane-o maku

seek.[ saga-shi-moto-meru, moto-meru ] ex. This is just what I have long sought for. = kore-wa mass-

shiku watashi-ga saga-shi-moto-mete-ita monodesu He is always seeking after wealth. = kare-wa i-tsumo tomi-o moto-mete-iru

seem.[ rashi-i, yona ki-ga suru, yoni omowareru ] ex. He seems ill. = kare-wa byoki-rashi-i rain. = ame-ga furi-so-da

It seems likely to

It seems to me that he will not

come. = kare-wa ko-na-i-ydni omowa~reru

seeming.[ ga-iken-jo, u-wabe-dake-no ] 防

seeming kindness = u-wabe-dake-no shin-setsu

seemingly.[ u-wabe-wa, hyomen-wa ] ex. She is seemingly polite. = ka-nojo-wa u-wabe-wa re-

igi-tada-shi-i

seesaw.[ shTso ] Seine.[ senu-gawa ] seize.[ tsuka-mu, tora-eru, uba-u ] ex. He seized upon a chance at last. = kare-wa tsu-i-ni

chansu-o tsukan-da

seldom.[ me-tta-ni

na-i, mare-ni ]

〜

ex. He seldom smiles. = kare-wa me-tta-ni warawa-na~

i

It is seldom that a man lives to be a hundred years old.=

nin-gen-ga hyaku-sa-i-made iki-ru-no-wa mare-dearu not seldom = toki-doki, shiba-shiba 跋

302

select-senior

select.[ era-bu, senba-tsu-suru ] ex. They selected the leader by vote. = karera-wa tohyd-de

rTdS-o era-bi-mashi-ta He was selected out of a great num¬ ber of candidates. = kare-wa tasO-no koho-sha-no nakakara era-bareta

self.[ jiko, jiga ] self-confidence.[ ji-shin ] self-defense.[ jiko bo-e-i ] self-education.[ doku-gaku ] self-esteem.[ jison-shin ] self-government.[ jise-i, jichi ] self-help.[ jiri-tsu ] selfish.[ riko-teki-na, waga-mama-na ] ex. It is selfish of you to say so. = son-na koto-o yu-no-wa

kimi-no waga-mama-de-aru

self-respect.[ jison-shin ]

ru Leather goods are being sold at a bargain. = kawa-seihin-ga toku-ba-i-chO-desu The tickets are all sold out.= ki-ppu-wa zenbu uri-kire-ta sell off = uri-hara-u 琢

seller.[ uri-te, shonin ] senate.[join ] ex. He was distinguished in the Senate. = kare-wa join-de

chome-i-da-tta

send.[ okuru, haken-suru ] ex. I will send you a present. = a-nata-ni okuri-moncho

okuri-masu

Send for a doctor, please. = dOzo i-sha-o

yonde-kudasa-i

senior.[ toshi-u-e-no, senpa-i, jokyQ-se-i ] 防

Thomas Jones, Senior = chichi-no TOmasu JOnzu-

shi ex. He is my senior by three years. = kare-wa watasmyori mi-ttsu toshi-u-e-de-aru

303

seniority-separate

seniority.[ senpa-i, nencho-sha ] 咏

according to seniority = nenre-i-no ju-n-ni

sensation.[ kan-kaku, kando] ex. He felt a burning sensation in his legs. = kare-wa a-shi-ni

yake-ru yona kanji-o u-keta I had a sensation that I was falling in my dream. = watashi-wa yume-no naka-ni ochite-yuku yona kanji-ga shita

sense.[ kan-kaku, i-shiki ] ex. Their sense of responsibility is quite low. = karera-no

seki-nin-kan-wa kiwa-mete hiku-i He came to sense be¬ fore long. = kare-wa mamo-naku shoki-ni ka-e-tta in a sense = aru imi-dewa 跋 common sense = joshiki 跋

sensible.[ fu-n-betsu-no shiki-no aru ]

aru,

kizu-ku,

ryo-

ex. He is a sensible young man. = kare-wa rydshiki-no aru

se-i-nen-desu Few people are sensible of their own faults. =ho-tondo-no hito-wa jibu-n-no ke-tten-ni kizu-kana-i

sensitive.[ bin-kan-na, kanji-yasu-i ] ex. I am sensitive to cold. = watashi-wa samu-sa-ni bin-

kan-de-aru Don’t be so sensitive to such a rumour. = sonna u-wasa-o ama-ri ki-ni-suru-na

sentence.[ bu-n, bu-n-sho, sen-koku-suru ] ex. Write some sentences to tell about your trip. = a-nata-no

ryokd-ni tsu-ite nobe-ru bu-n-o kaki-nasa-i The court sentenced the accused to one year in prison. = hote-i-wa hikoku-ni cho-eki icm-nen-o sen-koku-shita

sentiment.[ jocho, kan-sho] ex. The new film is free from sentiment. = sono a-tara-shi-i

e-iga-wa kan-shd-teki-na tokoro-ga na-i

separate.[ waka-reta, betsu-betsu-no, hanarete ] ex. I live separate from my parents. = watashi-wa ryoshin-to

304

separation-serve betsu-ni kura-shite-i-masu We walked a mile together and then separated. = watashi-tachi-wa ichi-ma-iru-o i-sshoni aru-ki sore-kara waka-reta

separation.[ bu-nri, hana-rete-iru koto] ex. They were united again after years of separation. = karera-

wa su-nen-no wakare-no ato futa-tabi musu-bareta

September.[ ku-gatsu ] ex. In September Japan is visited by several typhoons. = ku-

gatsu-niwa nihon-wa iku-tsu-ka-no ta-ifO-no ra-i-sho-o u-keru

series.[ ren-zoku ] 跋

a series of discoveries = ichi-ren-no ha-kken

bought one of the “How to study” series. =

ex. He

kare-wa

rbenkyo-hdj shirTzu-no i-ssatsu-o ka-tta

serious.[ maji-me-na, shin-koku-na ]

honkPno,

juda-i-na,

ex. He looks serious. = kare-wa shin-koku-na ka-o-o

shite-iru

^ a serious problem = juda-i monda-i

seriously.[ shin-ken-ni, maji-me-ni, honki-de ] ex. Seriously, what do you really want? = maji-me-na hana-

shi a-nata-wa honto-ni nani-ga hosh卜卜no-desu-ka He is seriously ill. = kare-wa juta-i-desu Do you seriously mean what you say? = honki-de i-tte-iru-no-desu-ka

sermon.[ se-kkyo ] ex. Ministers preach sermons in church. = boku-sni-wa

kyoka-i-de se-kkyd-o suru

serpent.[ hebi ] ex. A serpent is a snake, especially a large one. = 'serpent1-

wa toku-ni o-oki-na hebi-no koto-desu

servant.[ meshi-tsuka-i ] 跋

civil servant = komu-in (= public servant)

serve.[ yaku-datsu, tsuto-meru ] ex. I shall be glad if I can serve you, = o-yaku-ni tate-ba

305

service-several ure-shi-i-desu This book will surely serve you very much.= kono hon-wa kana-razu a-nata-no yaku-ni tachimasu First come, first served. (Proverb) = haya-i-mono gachi (kotowaza)

service.[ hoshi, shi-setsu, ki-zuka-i, re-iha-i ] ex. Will you do me a service? = te-tsuda-tte i-tadake-

masen-ka There is no gas service in this town. = kono machi-niwa gasu-ga kite-na-i When does service begin? =re-iha-i-wa itsu haji-mari-masu-ka ^ a water service =kyO-su-i se-tsubi

sesame.[ goma, goma-no abura (= goma-yu)] session.[ ka-ika-i, ka-igi ] ^ in session = ka-ika-i-chQ kdsho

ぽ

summer session = kaki

set.[ oku, tori-kaka-ru ] ex. He set chairs around the table. = kare-wa teburu-no

mawari-ni isu-o o-ita The sun sets in the west. = ta-iyowa nishi-ni shizu-mu He set about his new work. = karewa a-tara-shhi shi-goto-ni tori-kaka-tta I always set apart some money. = watashi-wa i-tsumo tasho-no okane-o betsu-ni shite-oku

settle.[ ante-i-sa-seru, ochi-tsuku, ka-ike-tsusuru ] ex. We have already settled the trouble. = wareware-wa

sude-ni nanda-i-o ka-ike-tsu-shite-iru

settlement.[ ka-ike-tsu, shoku-min-chi ] 跋

foreign settlement = ka-iga-i shoku-min-chi

seven.[ shichi, nana-tsu ] seventeen.[ ju-shichi ] seventh.[ da-i-nana, na-na-ban-me ] seventy.[ shichi-ju, nana-ju ] ex. He is in his seventies. = kare-wa nana-jO-da-i-desu

several • ••…[iku-tsu-ka-no, sQ-〜] 306

severe-shaggy ex. Several young men started for Mt. Fuji. = su-nin-no waka-

mono-ga Fuji-san-ni muka-tte shu-ppatsu-shita

severe.[ kibi-shi-i, hido-i, gen-kaku-na ] ex. He is suffering from a severe pain. = kare-wa hido-i ita-

mi-ni kuru-shinde-iru sense-i

^ a severe teacher = kibi-shi-i

severely.[ kibi-shiku, hido-ku ] ex. He was severely scolded. = kare-wa hido-ku shika-

rare-ta

sew.[ nu-u ] 跋

sew a kimono = kimono-o nu-u

^ sewing machine =

mi-shin

sex.[ se-i, se-i-betsu ] 琢

the male sex = danse-i

跋

without distinction of sex = danjo-o towa-zu

防

the female sex = jose-i

sex appeal.[ se-i-teki mi-ryoku ] sexism.[ danjo sa-betsu shugi ] shabby.[ misu-bora-shi-i, hire-tsu-na] ex. He lives in a shabby house. = kare-wa misu-bora-sh卜i

uchi-ni su-nde-iru What a shabby fellow he is! = kare-wa nanto hire-tsu-na yatsu-da

shade.[ hi-kage, wazu-ka-no] ex. We took a rest in the shade. = watashi-tachi-wa hi-

kage-de yasu-nda

There is a shade of difference in mean¬

ing between these words. = korera-no kotoba-niwa im卜jo

bi-myo-na sa-ga ari-masu

shaded glass.[ ku-mori garasu J shadow.[ kage, mono-no kage ] 跋

the shadow of a person = hito-kage

shady.[ hi-kage-no ] ex. I took a walk along the shady road. = watashi-wa hi-

kage-no michi-o sanpo-shi-mashi-ta

shaggy.[ kemuku-jara-no, ke-buka-i ] 307

shake-share ier shaggy eyebrows = moja-moja-no mayu

shake.[furu, yure-ru ] ex. We shook hands with the boy. = watashi-tachi-wa sono

shdnen-to aku-shu-shi-mashi-ta I felt the earth shaking. =watashi-wa jimen-ga yureィu-no-o kanji-mashita He denied it with a shake of the head. = kare-wa atama-o yoko-ni fu-tte sore-o hite-i-shita

shall.[〜desho, ~ masho] ex. i shall be seventeen next year. = watasm-wa ra-i-nen jo-

shichi-ni nari-masu ake-mashd-ka

Shall I open the window? = mado-o

shallow.[ asa-i, asa-haka-na ] ex. Soon we came to the shallow stream. = mamo-naku

watashi-tachi-wa asa-i naga-re-ni kita

shame.[ haji, fu-me-iyo ] ex. It is a shame to be late. = okureru na-n-te hazuka-shi-i

koto-da For shame. (Shame on you!) = haji-o shiri-nasai What a shame! = nante koto-da ^ to one’s shame = hazuka-shi-i koto-desu-ga

shameful.[ hazuka-shi-i ] ex. Don’t you think that is a shameful conduct? = hazuka-shi-i

kO-i-da-to omo-i-masen-ka

shape.[ kata-chi, su-gata ] ex. What shape is it? = sore-wa don-na kata-chi-desu-

ka He put his idea into shape. = kare-wa jibu-n-no kanga-e-o mato-me-mashi-ta Her plan is shaping up. = kanojo-no ke-i-kaku-wa guta-i-ka-shi-tsutsu ari-masu

share.[ wake-ma-e, wake-a-u, tomo-ni-suru ] ex. He received his share of the profits from the business.=

kare-wa jigyo-no ri-eki-no wake-ma-e-o u-keto-tta

I

shared the room with him. = He and I shared the room.=

watashi-wa kare-to sono heya-de dokyo-shita

If I get

the winnings, I will share them with you. = moshi shokin-o

308

sharecropper-sheet mora-ttara kimi-to wake-yo yama-wake-suru

^ share and share alike =

sharecropper.[ ko-saku-nin ] shark.[ sa-me ] sharp.[ suru-do-i ] ex. He got angry at her sharp words. = kare-wa ka-nojo-no

suru-do-i kotoba-ni oko-tta

sharpen.[ togu, kezu-ru ] ex. He sharpened his knife. = kare-wa na-ifu-o to-ida 防

sharpen a pencil = enpi-tsu-o kezu-ru

shatter.[ kuda-ku ] ex. The vase was shattered by the stone. = kabin-wa i-shi-de

kona-gona-ni kuda-kareta

shave.[ soru ] ex. I must shave my beard. = boku-wa mge-o sora-neba-

nara-na-i

she.[ ka-nojo-wa] sheaf.[ taba ] 防

a sheaf of letters = hito-taba-no tegami

shear.[ kari-toru, ke-o karu ] ex. They are shearing wool from sheep. = karera-wa hi-

tsuji-no ke-o kari-to-tte-iru

shed1.[koya, mono-oki ] 琢

a tool shed = dogu~goya

shed2.[ naga-su ] 球

shed blood = chi-o naga-su

sheep.[ hi-tsuji ] ex. I saw a flock of sheep. = watashi-wa hi-tsuji-no mure-o

mita

God does not abandon a lost sheep. = kami-wa mayo-

eru hi-tsuji-o misu-te-na-i

sheep dog.[ hi-tsuji-no ban-ken ] sheet.[ shiki-fu, ichi-ma-i ] 防

a sheet of paper = ichi-ma-i-no kami

309

shelf-shock

shelf.[ tana] ex. Put the books back on the shelves. = hon-o tana-ni

modo-shi-nasa-i

shell.[ kara, ka-i-gara ] ex. One day I went to the beach to gather shells. = aru hi

watashi-wa ka-i-gara-o hiro-i-ni hama-be-ni i-tta

shelter.[ hi-nan-jo] ex. A lot of ships came into the port to take shelter from the storm. =taku-sarhno fune-ga arashi-o sake-ru tame-ni minato-ni ha-i-tta

shepherd.[ hi-tsuji-ka-i ] shift.[ u-tsusu, kawaru, kota-i ] ex. The wind has shifted to the east. = kaze-ga higa-shi-ni

kawa-tta He is on the night shift. = kare-wa yakindesu an eight-hour shift = hachi-jikan kota-i The mill is operating on three 8-hour shifts. = sono kOjo-wa hachijikan san-kdta-i-de sdgyd-shite-iru I will make shift with what I have. = mo-tte-iru mono-de yari-kuri-shi-masu 咏

shin.[ muko-zune ] shine.[ hikaru, kaga-yaku ] 跋

rain or shine = se-i-u-ni kaka-wara-zu

shiny.[ hare-ta ] 球

a shiny day = hare-ta hi

ship.[fune ] 防

go by ship = fune-de iku

shirt.[ sha-tsu ] shiver.[furu-eru ]

,

ex. The poor boy was shivering with cold. = shonen~wa

kawa-isd-ni samu-sa-de furu-ete-i-mashi-ta

shock.[ sho-totsu, shindo] ex. We had some pretty strong shocks in the earthquake this evening. = yugata kanari tsuyo-i j卜shin-no shindd-ga a-

tta

310

shocking-shoulder

shocking.[ bi-kkuri-suru-yona ] 防

shocking event = bi-kkuri-suru-yona deki-goto

shoe.[ kutsu ] shoemaker.[ kutsu-ya ] shoot.[ u-tsu ] ex. Someone has shot the bird. = dare-ka-ga tori-o u-

tta Buds shoot out in spring. = haru-niwa shoku-butsu-no me-ga de-masu

shop.[ mise ] shopkeeper.[ ten-shu ] shopman.[ten-in ] shopping.[ ka-i-mono] ex. She went out shopping. = ka-nojo-wa ka-i-mono-ni

deka-keta

shore.[ kishi ] short.[ miji-ka-i ] ex. You are shorter than I. = kimi-wa boku-yori se-ga hiku-

i We took a short cut across the meadow. = wareware-wa bokujo-o yoko-gi-tte chika-michi-o shita in short = ydsuru-ni 防

shortage.[ fu-soku ] 防

a food shortage = shoku-ryO bu-soku

ex. The long rain

has caused a shortage of vegetables. = naga-ame-de yasa-i

bu-soku-ni na-tta

shorten.[ miji-kaku suru ] ex. I want to have this coat shortened. = watashi-wa kono

kdto-o miji-kaku shite-mora-i-ta-i

shot.[ ha-ppo, dan-gan ] ex. Several shots were heard in the dark. = kura-yami-de sO-

hatsu-no jOse-i-ga kiko-e-mashi-ta

shoulder.[ kata] ex. Looking over his shoulder, he told me to follow him. = kare-

wa kata-goshi-ni furi-mu-ite watashi-ni tsu-ite-ko-i-to

311

shout-shy htta

shout.[ sake-bu ] ex. He shouted for joy. = kare-wa yorokobi-no sake-bi-

go-e-o a-geta

show.[ mise-ru, o-shi-eru, tenji-suru ] ex. I have a letter to show you. = kimi-ni mise-ta-i tegami-

ga aru He showed me how to use it. = kare-wa watashi-ni sore-no tsuka-i-kata-o o-shi-ete-kure-ta

shower.[ niwa-ka-ame, shawa ] ex. I took a shower. = watashi-wa shawa-o abi-mashi-ta

shrewd.[ nuke-me-no na-i ] ex. He is a shrewd businessman. = kare-wa nuke-me-no

nai jitsu-gyd-ka-desu

shriek.[ hime-i-o a-geru ] ex. He shrieked with terror. = kare-wa o-soro-shisa-de

hime-i-o a-geta

shrine.[ jinja ] ex. On New Year’s Day they visited Meiji Shrine. = gan-jitsu-ni

karera-wa Meiji-jingO-ni o-ma-iri-shita

shrink.[ chiji-mu, hiru-mu, iya-garu ] ex. This choth won’t shrink in the wash. = kono nuno-wa

sen-taku-shite-mo chij卜ma-na-i Why do you shrink from meeting him? = naze a-nata-wa kare-ni a-u-no-o iyagaru-no-desu-ka

shrub.[ kan-boku ] shut.[ toji-ru, shime-ru ] ex. Shut your eyes. = me-o toji-nasa-i

The window won’t

shut. = mado-ga ddshite-mo shima-ra-na-i

shy.[ ha-zuka-shi-gari-no, byo-na ] 琢

a shy girl = uchi-ki-na shDjo

uchi-ki-na,

oku-

ex. He greeted me with a

shy smile. = kare-wa ha-zuka-shisd-na bishO-o uka-

bete watashi-ni a-i-satsu-shita

312

sick-sign

sick.[ byoki-no, kibu-n-ga waru-i ] ex. We went to the hospital to see our sick friend. = watashi-

tachi-wa byoki-no tomo-dachi-o mima-i-ni bydin-ni ikimashi-ta I feel sick today. = boku-wa kyd-wa kibu-n-ga waru-i I am sick for the sight of home. = watashi-wa uchiga ko-i-shiku-te tama-ra-na-i

side.[ soba, yoko] ex. Place the books at your side. = hon-o kimi-no yoko-ni

oki-nasa-i We must consider the question from every side.= wareware-wa sono monda-i-o ara-yuru men-kara kanga-e-neba-nari-masen ^ side by side = narande He always takes sides with the weak. = kare-wa i-tsumo yowa-i ho-no mi-kata-o shi-masu

sidewalk.[ hodo] sideways.[ yoko-ni ] 防

look sideways at him = kare-o yoko-me-de miru

sift.[ furu-i-ni kakeru ] ex. Mother sifted the flour before baking. = haha-wa pan-o

yaku ma-e-ni kona-o furu-i-m Kaketa

sigh.[ tame-iki-o tsuku, tame-iki ] ex. He sighed over his unhappy fate. = kare-wa jibu-n-no fu-

u-n-o nage-ki tame-iki-o tsu-ita

sight.[ koke-i, ke-shiki, naga-me, shi-ryoku ] ex. It is a wonderful sight to see large ships from all parts of the world. = seka-i kaku-chi-kara kita o-oki-na fune-o

miru-no-wa su-bara-shi-i naga-me-desu At last we came in sight of the hill. = toto oka-no mi-eru tokoromade ya-tte-kita I know him only by sight. = watasm-wa tada kare-o mite shi-tte-iru-dake-desu Did you see the sight of Kyoto? = Kyoto ken，butsu-o shi-mashi-ta-ka 踩 out of sight = mi-e-na-i tokoro-ni

sign.[ shiru-shi, suru ]

kan-ban,

a-izu,

shome-i-

313

signal-silent ex. What does this sign represent? = kono shiru-shi-wa

nani-o ara-wasu-no-desu-ka Didn’t you notice these traffic signs? = a-nata-wa korera-no kotsO shingo-ni kizu-kanaka-tta-no-desu-ka I understood what he wanted through signs. = miburi-de kare-no nozo-nde-iru koto-ga wakatta I signed my name to the letter. = watashi-wa tegami-ni nama-e-o ka-ita

signal.[ a-izu, shingo] ex. A red light is a signal of danger. = aka-i hikari-wa kiken-

no a-izu-desu

跋

traffic signals = kotsu shingo

signature.[ shome-i ] ex. Even when you have typed your letter, sign it with your signa¬ ture. =tegami-o ta-ipu-de u-tta toki-demo shome-i-o

shi-nasa-i

significance.[ igi, imi ] ex. The real significance of his remarks was not grasped at the time. = kare-no kotoba-no honto-no imi-wa toji rika-i-

sare-naka-tta

significant.[ juyo-na, imi-buka-i ] ex. Your success today may be significant for your future.=

kyo-no kimi-no se-iko-wa kimi-no shora-i-ni to-tte juyo-ni naru-kamo-shire-na-i

signify.[ shime-su, arawa-su, imi-suru ] ex. He signified his consent with a nod. = kare-wa u-nazu-ite

shddaku-o shime-shita

silence.[ chin-moku, shizuke-sa ] ex. Speech is silver, silence is golden. (Proverb) = yOben-wa

gin, chin-moku-wa kin (kotowaza) Tm very sorry for my long silence. = naga-i a-ida go-bu-sata-shite moshiwake ari-masen

silent.[ mu-gon-no, oto-no shi-na-i, shizukana] ex. Be silent! = shizuka-ni shi-nasa-i!

314

Silent waters run

silently-simply deep. (Proverb) = oto-no shi-na-i kawa-wa fuka-i (koto-

waza)

silently.[ dama-tte, shizuka-ni ] silhouette.[ kage-e, shiru-e-tto] silk.[ kinu ] 防

silk stockings = kinu-no kutsu-shita

silken.[ kinu-no yona ] 跋

silken hair = kinu-no yona yawara-ka-i kami

silkworm.[ ka-iko] silly.[ baka-na, oroka-na ] ex. You were very silly to trust him. = kare-o shinyd-suru-

nante a-nata-wa baka-da-tta It is silly off you to do so.= a-nata-ga son-na koto suru-nante oroka-desu

silver.[ gin ] ex. These dishes are made of silver. = karera-no sara-wa

gin-se-i-desu (= gin-de tsukuィare-te-iru)

silver wedding.[ gin-kon-shiki ] similar.[ nite-iru ] ex. This is very similar to that. = kore-wa a-re-to yoku nite-

iru

simple.[ kan-tan-na, so-boku-na, tan-ju-n-na ] ex. He translated it into simple English. = kare-wa sore-o

kan-tan-na e-igo-ni yaku-shita He is living a simple life. =kare-wa ka-n-so-na se-i-katsu-o shite-i-masu How simple he is to believe such a story! = son-na hana-shi-o shin-yd-suru-nante kare-wa tan-ju-n-desu She is a lady of simple beauty. = ka-nojo-wa kaza-ri-ke-no na-i utsuku-shisa-o mo-tta fu-jin-desu a simple sentence = tan-bu-n 防

simplicity.[ ju-n-shin-sa, so-boku-sa, shi-sso] ex. His way of living is simplicity itself. = kare-no kura-shi-

kata-wa shi-sso sono-mono-desu

simply.[ tan-ni, tada, ma-ttaku ] 315

sin-single ex. I went there simply because I wanted to. = tada iki-ta-i-

kara i-tta-dake-desu

sin.[ tsumi, za-i-aku ] ex. I have committed a great sin. = watashi-wa o-oki-na tsu-

mi-o okashi-mashi-ta

since.[〜shite-kara,〜ira-i,〜node ] ex. Three years have passed since I came to Tokyo. = Tokyo-e

kite-kara san-nen-ni nari-masu Since he is old, this task must be too difficult for him. = kare-wa tosh•卜0 to-tte-irunode kono shi-goto-wa muzuka-shi-sugi-ru-ni chiga-ina-i

sincere.[ se-i-jitsu-na, makoto-no ] ex. He is sincere in his promises. = kare-wa yaku-soku-ni

se-i-jitsu-desu Is his grief sincere? = kare-no kanashimi-wa hon-mono-desho-ka

sincerely.[ kokoro-kara ] ex. I sincerely hope you succeed. = kokoro-kara go-se-ikd-

o ino-ri-masu

琢

Yours sincerely = ke-igu

sincerity.[ se-i-jitsu ] ex. “Sincerity” is my motto. =「se-i-jitsu」-ga watashi-no

mo-tto-desu

sing.[ uta-u, naku ] min-na i-ssho-ni uta-iBirds are singing merrily in the trees. = ko-tori-

ex. Let’s sing all together. =

masho

tachi-wa Kigi-no a-ida-de tano-shisd-ni na-ite-iru

He

sang old songs. = kare-wa furu-i uta-o uta-tta

singer.[ kashu ] ex. She is a popular singer. = ka-nojo-wa nink卜no aru

kashu-desu I fear I’m not a good singer. = koma-tta-ne， watashi-wa uta-wa jozu-dewa-na-i

single.[ nito-tsu-no, shin-no, hito-ri ]

kata-michi-no,

doku-

ex. He went out without a single word. = kare-wa hito-koto-

316

singular-situation mo iwa-na-ide dete-i-tta More people are choosing to re¬ main single. = doku-shin-o era-bu hito-ga fu-ete-imasu He bought a single ticket to Osaka. = kare-wa Osaka-made-no kata-michi ki-ppu-o ka-i-mashi-ta Is he married or single? = kare-wa ke-kkon-shite-i-masu-ka， sore-tomo doku-shin-desu-ka

singular.[ fu-gawari-na, hibon-na, tansu-no] ex. He has something singular about him. = kare-niwa doko-

ka fu-gawari-na tokoro-ga aru Give the singular forms of the followings. = tsugi-no tansO-ke-i-o shime-shi-nasa-i

sink.[ shizu-mu ] ex. The ship is about to sink. = fune-ga masa-ni shizu-mo-

to shite-iru My heart sank at the thought of it. = watashi-no kokoro-wa sore-o kanga-eru-to shizu-nda

sip.[ susu-ru, hito-susu-ri suru ] ex_ I’ll just take a sip. = hito-kuchi ita-daki-masho

sister.[ ane, imoto ] ex. My sister is two years older than I. = ane-wa watashi-yori

futa-tsu toshi-u-e-desu

sister-in-law.[ giri-no ane (imoto)] sit.[ suwa-ru, okite-iru ] ex. Sit down, please. = dozo o-kake-kudasa-i

He sat up

late last night. = kare-wa yube osoku-made okite-ita

site.[ basho, yochi, shiki-chi ] ex. Tokyo was the site of the 18th Olympic Games. = Tokyo-wa

da-i-ju-ha-kka-i Orin-pi-kku-no ka-isa-i-chi-deshi-ta

sitting room.[ ima] (= living room) situated.[〜ni aru, tachi-ba-ni aru ] ex. London is situated on the Thames. = Ron-don-wa Temu-

zu-gawa-no ho-tori-ni ari-masu I am badly situated.= boku-wa kuru-shi-i tachi-ba-ni aru

situation.[ tachi-ba, jota-i, jose-i ] ex. He is in a difficult situation. = kare-wa kon-nan-na jota-

317

six-skim i-ni ari-masu

跋

the housing situation = jutaku jose-i

six.[ roku ] sixteen.[ ju-roku ] sixth.[ da-i-roku, roku-ban-me-no] sixty.[ roku-ju ] size.[ o-oki-sa, su-npo, o-oki-i koto, haka-ru ] 5 a man of size = o-o-gara-na hito

錄

琢

size up political

situation = se-i-kyoku-o han-dan-suru

skate.[ su-keto-o suru ] 琢

go skating = su-keto-ni iku

skeleton.[ hone-gumi, ko-kkaku ] sketch.[ shase-i, shita-gaki, ga-i-ryaku ] ex. He made a sketch of the view. = kare-wa sono ke-shiki-

o shase-i-sh卜mashi-ta

A very short sketch of his life will be

given below. = kare-no ryaku-reki-o shita-ni shime-shi-

masu

ski.[ sukT-o suru ] 陳

go to school on ski = sukT-de ga-kkO-e iku

good at skiing. = watashi-wa sukT-ga jozu-desu

ex. I am 防

ski

ground = sukT-jd

skill.[ juku-ren, gi-ryo] ex. It takes skill to tune a piano. = pi-ano-no choritsu-niwa

juku-ren-o yoshi-masu

skillful.[ juku-ren-shita, sugu-reta, jozu-na ] ex. He is a skillful doctor. = kare-wa juku-ren-shita i-sha-

desu She is skillful in everything. = ka-nojo-wa nan-demo jozu-desu

skim.[ suku-i-toru, yomu ]

kasu-mete

tobu,

za-tto

ex. They skim the cream off milk. = karera-wa gyunyu-kara

kurTmu-o suku-i-tori-masu A bird skimmed the water.= ichi-wa-no tori-ga mizu-o kasu-mete tonda Read care¬ fully ;don’t skim. = cho-i-buka-ku yomi-nasa-i，za-tto

318

skin-slender

yonde-wa ike-masen

skin.[ kawa, hifu ] I am wet to the skin. = watashi-wa zubu-nuredesu Cows have thick skin. = u-sh卜no kawa-wa a-tsui He slipped on the banana skin. = kare-wa banana-no kawa-de sube-tte korobi-mashi-ta ex.

skip.[ tobi-kosu, toba-shite-yomu ] karera-wa mina o-gawa-o tobi-koshi-ta I skipped the dull parts of the book.= watashi-wa sono hon-no tsuma-ra-na-i tokoro-o tobashite yomi-mashi-ta ex. They all skipped a brook. =

sky.[ sora, ten ] ex. Not a cloud was to be seen in the sky. =

sora-niwa kumo

hito-tsu mi-e-naka-tta

skylark.[ hiba-ri ] skyline.[ chihe-i-sen ] slant.[ kata-muku, ke-i-sha ] ex. That picture is slanting to the right. =

kata-mu-ite-i-masu The roof has yane-wa ke-i-sha-ga kyu-desu

ano e-iva migi-ni sono

a sharp slant. =

slave.[ dore-i ] kare-wa imaya marude jibu-n-no ya-shin-no dore-i-to na-tta ex. He was now a slave to his own ambmons. =

sleep.[ nemu-ru ] sleepy.[ nemu-i ] watashi-wa me-o hira-ite i-mashi-ta-ga to-temo nemu-ka-tta

ex. I opened my eyes but felt very sleepy. =

sleeve.[ sode ] ex. He pulled me by the sleeve. =

kare-wa watashi-no

sode-o hi-ita

slender.[ hoso-naga-i, ssori-shita ] ex. Grace was a slender girl. =

sura-ri-to-shita,

ho-

Gu-resu-wa ho-ssori-shita

319

slice-slowly mu-sume-deshi-ta

slice.[ hito-kire ] ex. He had a slice of bread for breakfast. = kare-wa cho-

shoku-ni pan-o ichi-ma-i tabe-mashi-ta

slide.[ su-beru ] ex. Some children were sliding on the ice. = su-nin-no kodo-

mo-tachi-ga ko-ori-no u-e-o su-be-tte-i-mashi-ta

slight.[ wazuka-na, karu-i ] ex. There was a slight difference of opinion between us.=

watashi-tachi-no a-ida-niwa wazuka-na i-ken-no so-iga ari-mashi-ta I have a slight cold. = watashi-wa karu-i kaze-o hi-ite-iru

slightly.[ cho-tto, suko-shi ] ex. The arrow hurt his arm slightly. = kare-wa ya-de ude-o

suko-shi kizu-tsuke-mashi-ta

slim.[ ho-ssori-shita, hoso-i ] cbt a slim woman = ho-ssori-shita jose-i

slip.[ su-beru, su-be-tte koro-bu, nuke-ru ] ex. He slipped and broke his leg. = kare-wa su-be-tte koro-

bi a-shi-o o-tte-shima-tta He slipped away without being seen. = kare-wa mi-tsukara-na-ide kossori nukedashi-ta

slippery.[ su-beri-yasu-i ] ex. Watch your steps. The floor is slippery. = a-shi-moto-ni ki-

o tsuke-nasa-i. yuka-ga su-beri-yasu-i-desu-yo

slope.[ saka, sha-men ] ex. We went up the steep slope. = wareware-wa kyd-sha-

men-o nobo-tte-i-tta

slow.[ oso-i, noro-i ] ex. Spring is slow in coming here. = koko-dewa haru-ga

kuru-no-wa oso-i-desu He is slow of understanding.= kare-wa rika-i-suru-no-ga noro-i

slowly.[ noro-ku, yu-kkuri ] 320

sly-smoke ex. Speak more slowly. = mo-tto yu-kkuri hana-shite-

kudasa-i

sly.[ zuru-i，ita-zura-na ] 防

sly as a fox = kitsu-ne-no yoni zuru-i

small.[ chi-isa-i, wazuka-na ] ex. He earns a small income. =

kare-wa wazuka-na

shunyO-o ete-iru

smart.[ sha-reta, riko-na, suru-do-i ] ex. He is smart in dealings. = kare-wa tori-hiki-niwa

nukeme-ga na-i She is smart at her job. = ka-nojo-wa shi-goto-ga uma-i a smart student = a-tama-no yo-i gaku-se-i 防

smash.[ kona-gona-ni suru, o-o-ata-ri ( = a smash hit)]

smear.[ nuru, tsuke-ru ] 跋

smear bread with jam = pan-ni jamu-o nuru

smell.[ ni-o-i, ni-o-i-o kagu, ni-o-i-ga suru ] ex. The smell of this rose is very sweet. = kono bara-no ni-o-

hwa to-temo yo-i In hot weather meat soon begins to smell. =a-tsu-i kiko-ni naru-to niku-wa sugu iya-na ni-o-i-ga shi-haji-meru

smile.[ hoho-emu, ni-kkori-suru, hoho-emi J

bisho-suru,

ex. She smiled at him. = ka-nojo-wa kare-o mite hoho-

emi-mashi-ta She smiled and opened the door for me.= ka-nojo-wa ni-kkori wara-tte watashi-ni do-a-o aketekure-masm-ta

smirk.[ niya-niya wara-u ] smith.[ kaji-ya] ter blacksmith = kaji-ya

琢

tinsmith = bu-riki-ya

smog.[ sumo-ggu ] 跋

photochemical smog = ko-ka-gaku sumo-ggu

smoke.[ kemuri, tabako-o su-u ] 321

smoky-sneak ex. Mother does not smoke. = haha-wa tabako-o su-i-

masen

smoky.[ kemuri-no, kemu-i ] ter a smoky taste = koge-kusa-i aji

smooth.[ na-me-raka-na, yawara-geru ] ex. Her skin is as smooth as velvet. = ka-nojo-no hada-wa

beru-be-tto-no yoni na-me-raka-desu

What can I say to

smooth out the situation? = kono jokyo-o yawara-geru-

niwa nanto i-e-ba i-i-no-dard

smoothly.[ he-i-on-ni, nani-goto-mo naku, name-raka-ni ] ex. Our car ran smoothly on the highway. = wareware-no

kuruma-wa ha-i-u-e-i-o su-beru-yoni susu-nda

snake.[ hebi ] ex. Many people dislike snakes. = hebi-o kira-u hito-ga o〇-i

The snake coiled itself up. = hebi-ga togu-ro-o ma-

ite-ita

snaky.[ hebi-no yona, in-ken-na] 防

a snaky river = dako-suru kawa

snap.[ pu-tsu-n-to kire-ru, ore-ru, kami-tsuku ] ex. My patience snapped. = watashi-no ninta-i-no ito-ga pu-

tsu-n-to kire-ta The dog snapped at the mailman’s leg. = inuga yubin ha-i-tatsu-nin-no a-shi-ni kami-tsu-ita The branch snapped in the wind. = ki-no eda-ga kaze-ni poki-tto ore-ta

snare.[ wana] ex. A rabbit fell into a snare. = u-sagi-ga wana-ni kaka-tta

snatch.[ hi-tta-kuru, uba-i-toru ] ex. He snatched the letter out of my hand. = kare-wa watashi-

no te-kara sono tegami-o uba-i-to-tta

sneak.[ koso-koso ugo-ku, so-tto-ha-iru (deru)] ex. He sneaked into the classroom. = kare-wa kyo-shitsu-ni

so-tto ha-i-tte-kita

322

sneak-sober

sneak thief.[ koso-doro, akisu-nera-i ] sneer.[ aza-wara-u ] ex. She sneered at my ignorance. = ka-nojo-wa watashi-no

mu-chi-o aza-wara-tta

sneeze.[ ku-shami ] sniff.[ ni-o-i-o kagu, ni-o-i-o kan-jiru, hana-de a-shira-u ] ex. You should not sniff at such a kind offer. = kono yona shin-

setsu-na masen

moshi-de-o 跋

hana-de

a-shira-tte-wa

ike-

sniff at a flower = hana-no ni-o-i-o kagu

snooze.[ u-tata-ne-o suru, u-tata-ne ] 隊

have a snooze after lunch = chOshoku-go nito-nemu-ri-

suru

snore.[ i-biki-o kaku ] 隊

have an awful snore = sugo-i i-biki-o kaku

snow.[ yuki ] ex. We expect snow tomorrow. = a-shita-wa yuki-ga furu-

desho SO.[ SO] ex. Do you think so? = a-nata-wa so omoi-masu-ka

soap.[ se-kken ] ex. We wash our hands with soap and water. = watashi-tachi-

wa se-kken-to mizu-de te-o ara-i-masu

soar.[ sora-taka-ku tobu, taka-ku sobi-eru ] ex. The hawk soared high into the air. = taka-wa sora-taka-ku

ma-i-aga-tta The mountains soared above the surrounding plains. = yama-yama-wa mawari-no he-iya-ni sobi-e-tatte-ita

sob.[ susu-ri-naku ] ex. The little girl sobbed bitterly. = sono shojo-wa hage-shiku

naki-jaku-tte-i-mashi-ta

sober.[ maji-me-na, sake-ni yo-tte-i-na-i, shirafu-no] 323

sociable-soil ex. The policeman asked me if I had been sober at the time. = ke-

i-kan-wa watashi-ni sono toki sake-ni yotte-i-naka-ttaka do-ka-o tazu-neta He has kept a sober face all the time.= kare-wa zO-tto maji-me-na ka-o-o shite-i-mashi-ta

sociable.[ shako-teki-na, kosa-i-zuki-na, tanoshi-i ] ex. My mother is not very sociable. = watashi-no haha-wa

amari shako-teki-dewa-ari-masen

social.[ shaka-i-no] ex. It is important to be honest and kind in social life. = shaka-i

se-i-katsu-dewa shDjiki-de shin-setsu-ns koto-ga ta-isetsu-desu social work = shaka-i fuku-shi jigyo a social meeting = shin-boku-ka-i 琢

跋

socialism.[ shaka-i-shugi ] society.[ shaka-i,〜ka-i ] 防

human society = nin-gen shaka-i

sock.[ kutsu-shita ] ex. I bought a pair of socks yesterday. = watashi-wa kind ku-

tsu-shita-o i-ssoku ka-i-mashi-ta

sofa.[ sofa, isu ] ex. There was no bed in the room, so I slept on a sofa. = heya-

niwa be-ddo-ga naka-tta-node watashi-wa sofa-ni nemashi-ta

soft.[ yawara-ka-i, ama-i ] ex. She has skin as soft as silk. = ka-nojowa kinu-no yOna

yawara-ka-i hada-o shite-iru It is a mistake to be soft with him. = kare-ni ama-ku suru-nowa aya-mari-desu

soften.[ yawara-geru, yawara-ka-ni suru ] ex. Gentle words will soften a hard heart. = yasa-shi-i kotoba-

wa kata-kuna-na kokoro-o yawara-ge-masu

soil.[ tsu-chi, tochi, yogosu ] ex. The soil is rich here. = koko-wa tochi-ga ko-ete-

iru

324

Don’t soil your clothes. = fuku-o yoaosu-na

sojourn-somehow

sojourn.[ ta-iza-卜 suru ] 防

sojourn at a hotel = hote-ru-ni ta-iza-i-suru

soldier.[ gu-n-jin, he-i-shi ] solemn.[ ogo-soka-na ] ex. A solemn ceremony is going on in the halt. = horu-dewa

ogo-soka-na gi-shiki-ga oko-nawa-rete i-masu

solicit.[ neda-ru ] ex. My nephew solicited me fo『money. = o-i-ga watashi-ni

kane-o neda-tta

solid.[ kota-i-no ] solitary.[ hito-ri-no, kodoku-no ] ex. He was put in solitary confinement. = kare-wa hitori-de

toji-kome-rareta uchi

跋

a solitary house = hito-zato hana-reta

solitude.[ kodoku ] ex. He prefers solitude to company. = kare-wa tsuki-a-i-yori-

mo kodoku-o konomu

so long.[ sayo-nara ] solution.[ ka-ike-tsu ] 拔

a problem capable of solution = ka-ike-tsu dekiru monda-i

solve.[ toku ] ex. The problem was so difficult that I could not solve it. = sono

monda-i-wa muzuka-shi-kute watashi-niwa toku kotoga deki-naka-tta

some.[ iku-tsu-ka-no, suko-shi-no] 跋

some day = i-tsu-no hi-ka，sono-uchi-ni

ex. He hesitated

for some time. = kare-wa shiba-raku tame-ra-tta

somebody.[ dare-ka, aru hito] ex. There’s somebody at the door. = dare-ka gen-kan-ni /-

masu

somehow.[ nan-toka shite, do-nika shite, doyQ wake-ka ] ex. Somehow I want to get there before dark. = watashi-wa do-

325

someone-soothe nika shite kura-ku nara-na-i uchi-ni soko-e tsuki-ta-i-to omo-tte-i-masu Somehow I don’t like the girl. = doyO wakeka watashi-wa ano mu-sume-wa suki-de-na-i

someone.[ dare-ka ] ex. Someone called me by my name. = dare-ka-ga watashi-no

nama-e-o yonda

something.[ nani-ka, aru mono] ex. I want something to eat. = nani-ka tabe-mono-ga hoshi-i

sometime.[ sono-uchi, i-tsuka ] ex. Come to see us sometime. = sorto-uchi aso-bi-ni Chide-

kudasa-i

sometimes.[ toki-doki ] ex. I go there sometimes. = watashi-wa toki-doki sokoe iki-

masu

somewhat.[ iku-bu-n-ka, tasho, cho-tto] ex. He was somewhat surprised. = kare-wa chotto bi-kkuri-

shita

somewhere.[ doko-ka-e ] ex. I left my key somewhere. = watashi-wa doko-ka-e kagi-o

oki-wasu ィete-shima-tta

son.[ mu-suko] 跃

the eldest (first) son = cho-nan

song.[ uta] ex. She was singing her favorite song. = ka-nojo-wa toku-i-na

uta-o uta-tte-ita

soon.[ sugu, mamo-naku ] ex. Come as soon as you can. = dekiru-'dake hayaku o-ide-

kudasa-i He will come sooner or later. = kare-wa osokare haya-kare kuru-dard

soothe.[ nada-meru, yawara-geru ] ex. The mother soothed her crying baby. = haha-oya-wa na-

ite-iru aka-chan-o ayashi-ta This medicine will soothe an aching tooth. = kono kusuri-wa ha-ita-o yawara-ge-masu

326

sophomore-sound

sophomore.[ ni-nen-se_i ]

(钟

freshman = ichi-nen-

se-i)

sore.[ ita-i, hiri-hiri ita-mu ] ex. I feel sore all over. = watashi-wa karada-jO-ga ita-i

My

throat was sore from shouting. = watashi-wa sake-bi-sugi-te

nodoga ita-i

sorrow.[ kana-shimi ] ex. To my sorrow, I found the dog dead. = kana-shi-i koto-ni

inu-ga shinda koto-ga waka-tta

sorrowful.[ kana-shi-i ] ex. That was a sorrowful sight. = sore-wa kana-shi-i kdke-i-

deshi-ta

sorry.[ zan-nen-na, kino-doku-na ] ex. I am sorry that I can’t come. = zan-nen-desu-ga ma-ire-

masen

I am sorry for you. = o-kino-doku-desu

I’m sorry.

(Sorry!) = sumi-masen!

sort.[ shuru-i ] ex. What sort of book do you want? = doyu shuru-i-no hon-ga

hoshi-i-nodesu-ka He is a sort of intellect. = kare-wa chishiki-jin-no yona monoda sort of = ikura-ka I sort of like her. = mama ka-nojo-wa suki-na hd-desu 跋

SOS.[ esu-o-esu ] 防

send SOS = esu-o-esu-o so-shin-suru

so-so.[ mama] ex. “How is she?” “Just so-so" =「ka-nojo-wa ikaga-desu-

kaj「mama-desu-nej

soul.[ tama-shi-i, se-i-shin, nin-gen ] ex. Some people believe that the soul is immortal. = re-ikon-no

fu-metsu-o shin-jite-iru hito-mo i-masu The scientist put his whole soul into his work. = sono ka-gaku-sha-wa shi-

goto-ni zen-se-i-shin-o uchi-konda

sound1••…• [ ken-zen-na, jubu-n-na] ex. A sound mind in a sound body. (Proverb) = ken-zen~naru

327

sound-souvenir se-i-shin-wa ken-zen-naru shinta-i-ni yadoru (kotowaza) I had a sound sleep. = juku-su-i shi-mashi-ta.

sound2.[ oto, kiko-eru, omo-wa-reru ] 跋

a vowel sound = bo-in

ex. Not a sound was heard.=

mono-oto hito-tsu kiko-e-naka-tta It sounds strange.= kimyo-ni kiko-eru It sounds like a mistake to me. = watashiniwa ma-chiga-i-no yoni omo-wa-reru

soup.[ sQpu ] ex. I like tomato soup. = watashi-wa toma-to-supu-ga suki-

desu

sour.[ su-ppa-i ] 跋

a sour apple = su-ppa-i ring。These grapes taste sour.=

kono budo-wa su-ppa-i She made a sour face at him. = kanojo-wa kare-o mite ka-o-o shika-meta

source.[ mina-moto, dokoro ]

su-igen-chi,

moto,

de-

ex. The source of this river is a lake. = kono kawa-no su-igen-

wa kosu-i-desu What is the source of the news? = sono nyusu-no de-dokoro-wa doko-desu-ka Skiing is a source of much pleasure to me. = sukT-o suru koto-wa watashi-ni to-tte oo-kina tano-shimi-no moto-desu

south.[ mi-nami, nanbu, nanpo] ex. Our school is in the south of Tokyo. = watashi-tachi-no ga-

kkO-wa Tokyono nanbu-ni ari-masu The airport is to the south of the city. = sono kukO-wa shi-no nanpO-ni ari-masu

south-east.[ nanto ] southern.[ mi-nami-no] ex. There are a great many lakes in the southern part of the country.

=sono kuni-no nanbu-niwa mizu-umi-ga ta-kusa-n aru

South Pole.[ nan-kyoku ] souvenir.[ ki-nen-hin, o-miyage, kata-mi ] ex. They bought souvenirs for their friends. = karera-wa yOjin-ni

iro-iro omiyage-o ka-i-mashi-ta

328

soviet-speak

Soviet Union.[ sobi-eto renpo, so-ren ] sow.[ maku ] ex. Farmers sow wheat in autumn. = nofu-wa aki-ni ko-mugi-

o maku

space.[kukan, uchu, basho] 跋

time and space = jikan-to kukan

ex. There is not enough

space between the houses. = i-e-to i-e-no kan-kaku-ga jObu-n-de-na-i The rocket flew away into space. = roke-tto wa uchu-e tobi-sa-tta

span.[ kaka-ru, tsuka-no-ma ] ex. London Bridge spans the river Thames. = Ron-don-bashi-

wa Temu-zu-gawa-ni kaka-tte-iru A life is but a span.= jinse-i-wa hon-no tsuka-no-ma-desu

Spanish.[ supe-in-no, supe-in-jin, supe-in-go] ex. The Spanish are fond of bull-fights. = supe-in-jin-wa

togyu-ga suki-da

spare.[ tasu-keru, yobu-n-no] ex. Spare my life. = i-nochi baka-ri-wa o-tasu-ke-kudasa-

i Can you spare me a few minutes? = watashi-no tame-ni nisan-pu-n sa-ite kudasa-i-masen-ka They had no spare bed in the house. = sono uchi-niwa yobu-n-no be-ddoga naka-tta

spark.[ hi-bana ] sparkle.[ kira-kira kaga-yaku ] ex. The sea sparkled in the sunshine. = umi-wa ta-iyo-no hi-ni

kira-kira kaga-ya-ite-ita His eyes sparkled with hope.= kare-no me-wa kibo-ni kaga-ya-ita

sparrow.[ suzu-me ] ex. I was awakened by the chirping of sparrows. = watashi-wa

suzu-me-no chu-n-chu-n naku ko-e-de me-o sama-shimashi-ta

speak.[ hana-su, hana-shi-kakeru ] ex. He can speak English well. = kare-wa e-igo-o jozu-ni

329

speaker-speech hana-se-masu This is Sato speaking. = kochira-wa Satodesu, watashi Sato-desu He is, so to speak, a grown-up baby. = kare-wa iwa-ba o-o-kina akanbo-de-aru I never speak ill of others. = watashi-wa ta-nin-o ke-sshite waru-ku iwa-na-i

speaker.[ hana-su hito, en-zetsu-sha ] ex. He is a good speaker of English. = kare-wa e-igo-o jozu-ni

hana-shi-masu

spear.[ yari ] ex. The fisherman caught a fish with a spear. = rydshi-wa yari-

de saka-na-o tsuka-ma-e-mashi-ta

special.[ toku-betsu-no, rinji-no] ex. This desk has a special key. = kono tsuku-e-niwa toku-

betsu-no kagi-ga ar卜masu

specialist.[ sen-mon-ka ] specimen.[ mihon, hyohon ] ex. There are a great many stuffed specimens of birds in the museum. = sono haku-butsu-kan-niwa tori-no haku-se-i-

no hyohon-ga taku-san ari-masu

spectacle.[ koke-i, mise-mono, me-gane ] 咏

a pair of spectacles = me-gane hito-tsu

spectator.[ ken-butsu-nin, kan-kyaku ] ex. The spectators were moved to tears. = kan-kyaku-wa kan-

do-shite namida-o naga-shita

specter, spectre.[ yure-i (= ghost), kowa-i mono] speculation.[ kanga-e-goto, toki ]

o-bake,

ex. I am sorry to disturb your speculation. = kanga-e-goto-no

Chjama-o shite sumi-masen

He threw away all his property in

speculation. = kare-wa toki-ni te-o dashi-te zen-za-isan-o

naku-shite-smma-tta

speech.[ en-zetsu, kotoba, gen-ron ] ex. He made a speech at the party. = kare-wa patf-de en-

330

speed-spirit zetsu-o shi-mashi-ta Music is a common speech for humanity. = on-gaku-wa jinru-i-ni kyotsu-no gengo-desu free¬ dom of speech = gen-ron-no jiyu 防

speed.[ haya-sa, su-pTdo] ex. He came running at full speed. = kare-wa zen-soku-

ryoku-de hashi-tte-ki-mashi-ta

spell1.[tsuzu-ru ] ex. How do you spell your name? = a-nata-no nama-e-wa do

tsuzu-ri-masu-ka

spell2.[ tsuzu-ki ] ex. We’ve had a long spell of fine weather. = naga-i a-ida yo-i

tenki-ga tsuzu-ki-mashi-ta-ne

spelling.[ tsuzu-ri ] ex. The spelling of this word is wrong. = kono tango-no tsuzu-

ri-wa ma-chiga-tte-i-masu

spend.[ tsuka-u, sugo-su ] ex. He spends most of his time reading. = kare-wa da-i-bubu-

n-no jikan-o doku-shoni tsuka-u How did you spend your holiday? = yasu-mi-o do sugo-shi-mashi-ta-ka

spice.[ koryo] ex. Spices give flavor to a dish. = koryo-wa ryori-ni fOmi-o

ata-e-masu

spider.[ kumo] spill.[ kobo-su ] ex. I’ve spilt some soup on the table cloth. = watashi-wa

teburu-kake-ni supu-o kobo-shita

It is no use crying over

spilt milk. (Proverb) = fuku-su-i bon-ni ka-e-razu (koto-

waza)

spin.[ tsumu-gu, mawaru ] ex. Cotten is spun into thread. = wata-wa tsumu-gare-te ito-

ni naru

My head was spinning. = watashi-wa me-ga

mawa-tta

spirit.[ se-i-shin, ki-ryoku ] 331

spit-spray ex. This is the true spirit of the book. = kore-ga sono hon-no

honto-no se-i-shin-desu

She is in high spirits. = ka-

nojo-wa genki-ga yo-i

spit.[ tsuba-o haku ] ex. No spitting. = tsuba-o haku-na

spite.[ iji-waru ] ぽ

in spite of = nimo kaka-wara-zu

ex. He succeeded in

spite of all difficulties. = kare-wa ara-yuru kon-nan-nimo

kaka-wara-zu se-ikd-shita

splash.[ hane-kakeru, hane-kakaru ] ex. A car splashed me. = kuruma-ga watashi-ni doro-o

hane-kaketa The mud splashed my trousers. = zu-bon-ni doro-ga hane-ta

splendid.[ mi-goto-na, su-bara-shi-i, su-tekina, goka-na ] ex. We had a splendid time. = wereware-wa su-teki-na

toki-o sugo-shita We had a splendid meal at a hotel.= watashi-tachi-wa hote-ru-de gDka-na shoku-ji-o shimashi-ta

splendor.[ goka, kare-i, kaga-yaki, e-iko] ex. She was charmed with the splendor of the jewel. = ka-nojo-

wa hOseki-no kaga-yaki-ni mise-rare-ta

split.[ saku, warn ] ex. This kind of wood easily splits. = kono shu-no moku-za-

i-wa ware-yasu-i

spoil.[ da-i-nashi-ni suru ] ex. The picnic was spoiled by the rain. ,= piku-ni-kku-wa

ame-de da-i-nashi-ni na-tta

sponsor.[ hosho-nin, ko-en-sha, ho-kki-nin, su-ponsa ] sport.[ u-ndo, su-p5tsu ] spray.[ shibu-ki, fu-n-mu, fuki-kakeru ] ex. She sprayed the rose. = ka-nojo-wa bara-no hana-ni

332

spread-stable yaku-za-i-o fuki-kaketa

spread.[ hiro-geru, hiro-maru ] ex. The news is already spread all over the world. = nyusu-wa

mo seka-i-jO-ni hiro-matte-iru

He spread newspaper on

the grass. = kare-wa shin-bu-n-o shiba-fu-no u-e-ni

hiro-geta

spring.[ haru, bane, waki-deru ] ex. Many flowers come out in spring. = haru-niwa taku-san-

no hana-ga saku

sprinkle.[ furi-kakeru ] ex. She sprinkled the meat with pepper. = ka-nojo-wa niku-ni

kosho-o fur卜kaketa

sprout.[ me-ga deru, se-icho-shi-haji-meru ] ex. Leaves are beginning to sprout from the tree. = ki-kara ha-

ga de-haj卜meta

spy.[ supa-i ] ex. The man was shot as a spy. = sono otoko-wa supa-i-to-

shite sha-satsu-sare-ta

square.[ se-iho-ke-i, shi-kaku ] ex. The square building over there is our school. = muko-no

shi-kaku-i tate-mono-wa watashi-tachi-no ga-kkodesu They formed a square and sat down. = karera-wa shi-kakthku na-tte suwa-tta

squirrel.[ risu ] stab.[ tsuki-sasu ] ex. The robber stabbed the policeman with a knife. = goto-wa

ke-ikan-o tantd-de sashi-ta

stability.[ ante-i ] ex. The nation lacks political stability. = sono kuni-wa se-iji-

teki ante-i-o ka-ite-i-masu

stable1.[ante-i-shita, chaku-jitsu-na ] 防

a stable life = ante-i-shita se-i-katsu

stable^*.[ uma-goya ] 333

stadium-star

stadium.[ kyogi-jo, su-taji-amu ] ex. Please tell me the way to the National Stadium. = koku-

ritsu-kyogi-jo-ni yuku michi-o o-shi-ete-kudasa-i

staff.[ tsu-e, bo, shoku-in ] ex. The old man walked with a staff. = rojin-wa tsu-e-o tsu-

ite aru-ite-ita

跋

the editorial staff = hen-sho-bu-in

stage.[ buta-i, su-teji ] stagger.[ yoro-meku, gura-tsuku ] ex. He staggered and fell down. = kare-wa yoro-me-ite ta〇-reta

The punch staggered him. = panchi-de kare-wa

gura-tsu-ita

stagnation.[ fu-ke-iki ] stain.[ yogosu, shim卜0 tsuke-ru ] ex. I stained the floor with paint. = penki-de yuka-o yogo-

shite-shima-tta yogo-reta

Ink stained my fingers. = inku-de yubi-ga

stake.[ ku-i, bo] stammer.[ domo-ru ] ex. When he gets angry, he stammers. = kare-wa okoru-to

domo-ru

stamp.[ ki-tte ] stand.[tatsu, gaman-suru, mi-kata] ex. I was kept standing all the way. = watashi-wa zu~tto

tachi-tsuzu-keta I can’t stand the woman. = watashi-wa sono on-na-niwa gaman-deki-na-i I always stand by you. =watashi-wa tsu-ne-n^ a-nata-no mi-kata-desu

standard.[ hyoju-n ] 琢

standard English = hyoiu-n e-igo

standpoint.[ kan-ten, kenchi ] ex. We must consider the matter from a different standpoint.=

wareware-wa betsu-na kan-ten-kara sono monda-i-o kanga-e-neba-nara-na-i

star.[ hoshi, suta] 334

stare-stationary ex. Stars can be seen at night. = hoshi-wa yoru mi-eru

He

is a new star on the screen. = kare-wa e-iga-ka-i-no

shinse-i-da

stare.[ ji-tto miru, jiro-jiro miru ] ex. Mother stared me in the face. = haha-wa ji-tto watashi-

no ka-o-o mi-tsume-ta He stared me as if I were a stranger. =kare-wa watashi-o shira-na-i hito-no yoni jiro-jiro mita

start.[ shu-ppatsu-suru, haji-meru, haji-maru ] ex. He started for Europe yesterday. = kare-wa kino Yoro-

ppa-ni muke-te shu-ppatsu-shita The quarrel started from a misunderstanding. = kenka-wa goka-i-kara okotta The engine won’t start. = en-jin-ga doshite-mo kakara-na-i

startle.[ bi-kkuri-sa-seru ] ex. You startled me by coming in so suddenly. = kimi-ga /7c/-

nari ha-i-tte-kita-node bi-kkuri-shi-mashi-ta

starve.[ gashi-suru, u-eru ] 防

starve to death = gashi-suru

ex. I’m starving. = o-naka-

ga peko-peko-desu The child is starved for affection.= sono ko-wa a-ijo-ni u-ete-iru

state.[ ko-kka, shu ] 跋

the Department of State = koku-mu-sho

statement.[ se-ime-i, se-ime-i-sho] statesman.[ se-iji-ka ] ex. The statesman is very busy with affairs of state. = se-iji-ka-

wa koku-ji-de ta-ihen i-soga-shi-i

station.[ eki, sho] ex. I went to the station to see him off. = watashi-wa kare-o

mi-okuri-ni eki-e i-tta

There is a police station near my

house. = watashi-no uchi-no chika-ku-ni ke-i-satsu-

sho-ga ari-masu

防

a fire station = shobo-sho

stationary.[ ugo-ka-na-i ] 335

stationery-steep 防

a stationary desk = su-e-tsuke-no tsuku-e

琢

stationary

troops = churyu-gu-n

stationery.[ bu-nbo-gu ] statistics.[ toke-i-gaku, toke-i ] ex. Statistics showed that the number of fatalities has decreased recently. = Wke-i-ni yoreba sa-ikin shibo-sha-sO-ga

gensho-shite-i-masu

statue.[ chozo, ritsu-zo ] ex. A beautiful marble statue was set up in memory of the poet. =u-tsuku-shi-i da-iri-seki-zd-ga sono shijin-o ki-nen-

shite tate-rareta

stature.[ shin-cho] stay.[ iru, ta-iza-i-suru, toma-ru, ta-iza-i ] ex. We stayed late at the dance last night. = saku-ya-wa dan-

su patT-de osoku-made ita I am now staying at a hotel.= watashi-wa ima hoteィu-ni toma-tte-i-masu

staying power.[ jikyu-ryoku ] steadfast.[ shi-kkari-shita, fudo-no] 琢

steadfast friendship = kawara-nu yujO

steady.[ shi-kkari-shita, chaku-jitsu-na] steak.[ su-teki ] et beefsteak = bifu-teki

steal.[ nusu-mu ] ex. I had my purse stolen in the bus. = watashi-wa basu-no

naka-de sa-ifu-o nusu-mare-ta

steam.[ joki, yuge ] ex. Steam rose from the pot. = nabe-kara yuge-ga aga-tta

steamer.[ kisen ] ex. The steamer has just passed through the Panama Canal.=

sono kisen-wa ima Panama u-nga-o tsuka-shita

steep.[ kewa-shi-i, kyu-na ] ex. We climbed up a steep mountain. = watashi-tachi-wa

kewa-shhi yama-ni nobo-tta

336

steer-stir

steer.[ kaji-o torn ] ex. The boy could not steer the boat. = sono shonen-wa

boto-no kaji-o torn koto-wa deki-naka-tta

stem.[ kuki ] step.[ i-ppo, ka-idan ] ex. I cannot walk a step farther. = mo kore-ijo i-ppo-mo

aruke-masen He went up the steps. = kare-wa ka-idano aga-tte- 'htta

stern.[ kibi-shi-i, gen-kaku-na, senbi ] ex. This is 250 meters long from stem to stern. = kono fune-wa

sen-shu-kara senbi-made ni-hyaku-goju-metoru arimasu

stick.[ tsu-e ] sticky.[ koda-waru, neba-shita ]

mushi-a-tsu-i,

ex. It is a sticky day. = mushi-a-tsu-i hi-desu

nebaWhy are you

so sticky about your clothing? = dOshite son-na-ni fuku-sO-

ni koda-waru-no-desu-ka

still.[ mada, ji-tto, shizuka-na ] ex. It is still raining. = mada ame-ga fu-tte-iru

Stand still

while I take your picture. = sha-shin-o toru a-ida ji-tto ta-

tte-ite-kudasa-i The night was very still. = sono yoru-wa to-temo shizuka-da-tta

stimulate.[ shi-geki-suru, genki-zuke-ru ] ex. Wine stimulates my appetite. = wa-in-ga shoku-yoku-o

shi-geki-suru.

sting.[ sasu, hari ] ex. Several students were stung by angry wasps. = su-nin-no

se-ito-ga oko-tta suzu-me-bachi-ni sasa-reta has a sting. = mitsu-bachi-niwa hari-ga aru

A bee

stir.[ ugo-kasu, kaki-mawa-su ] ex. He stirred his tea with his spoon. = kare-wa su-pOn-de

kocha-o kaki-mawa-shita

Don’t stir, or you are a dead

337

stitch-story man. = ugo-ku-na samo-na-i-to koro-su-zo

stitch.[ hito-hari ] ex. A stitch in time saves nine. (Proverb) = kyo-no hito-hari-

wa asu-no kyO-hari-o habu-ku (kotowaza)

stock.[ kabu, chozo-suru ] ex. Much wine is stocked in this store. = kono mise-niwa ta-

iryo-no wa-in-ga chozo-sarete-iru The library is well stocked with rare books. = sono tosho-kan-niwa mezu-rashi-i hon-ga o-o-i

stomach.[ i, hara] ex. I have a stomach-ache. = fuku-tsu-ga suru, hara-ga ita-

i

stone.[ i-shi ] ex. Don’t throw stones in the pond. = ike-ni i-shi-o nage-

tewa-ike-masen

stoop.[ kaga-mu ] ex. He stooped to pick up something. = nani-ka-o hiro-d-to

shite kare-wa kagan-da

stop.[ yame-ru, tome-ru, te-iryu-jo] ex. A policeman stopped the car. = ke-ikan-wa kuruma-o

tome-ta There is a bus stop near my house. = watashi-no uchi-no chika-ku-ni basu-no te-iryO-jo-ga ari-masu

store.[ mise, taku-wa-e, taku-wa-eru ] ex. I bought a camera at the store. = watashi-wa sono mise-

de kamera-o ka-i-mashi-ta We stored fuel up for the win¬ ter. =wareware-wa fuyu-ni sona-ete nenryo-o takuwa-eta %

storm.[ arashi, are-ru ] ex. A storm is headed our way. = arashi-wa kochira-ni

muka-tte-iru

story.[ mono-gata-ri, hana-shi ] ex. She told me the story of her life. = ka-nojo-wa watash卜ni

mino-u-e-bana-shi-o shite-kure-mashi-ta

338

stout-strengthen

stout.[ tsuyo-i, ganjo-na] ex. I was tied with a stout rope. = ganjo-na tsuna-de shiba-

rare-ta

straight.[ ma-ssugu-na, ma-ssugu-ni ] ex. Go straight along this street. = kono michi-o ma-ssugu

yuki-nasa-i

strait.[ ka-ikyo] 防

the Cook Strait = ku-kku ka-ikyo

strange.[ hen-na, kimyo-na ] ex. It is strange that he should do that. = kare-ga son-na

koto-o suru-no-wa hen-da

There is nothing strange about

him. = kare-niwa nani-mo kawa-tta koto-wa na-i

stranger.[ shira-na-i hito] ex. I was spoken to by a stranger. = watashi-wa shira-na-i

hito-ni hana-shi-kake-rare-ta

strap.[ himo, shiba-ru, tsuri-kawa ] 練

strap a parcel = ko-ni-motsu-o himo-de shiba-ru

防

hang on to a strap = tsuri-kawa-ni tsuka-maru

straw.[ wara ] ex. A drowning man will catch at a straw. (Proverb) = obo-reru

mono-wa wara-omo tsuka-mu (kotowaza)

strawberry.[ ichigo] stream.[ o-gawa, naga-re ] ex. It is hard to swim against the stream. = naga-re-ni saka-

ra-tte oyogu-no-wa muzuka-shi-i

street.[ to-ori, machi ] ex. I met him on the street. = watashi-wa machi-de kare-ni

a-i-mashi-ta

strength.[ chika-ra, tsuyo-sa ] ex. She hasn’t the strength to walk upstairs. = ka-nojo-wa ni-

ka-i-ni aru-ite aga-ru chikara-mo na-i

strengthen.[ tsuyo-ku suru, kyoka-suru ] (科

weaken = yowa-ku suru)

339

stress-strip ex. The Second Five Year Plan has greatly strengthened the national economy. = da-i-n•卜ji go-ka-nen ke-i-kaku-wa o-

o-i-ni koku-min ke-iza-i-o kyoka-shita Three days of rest in bed strengthened my body. = mi-kka kan yasu-nda-node genki-ni na-tta

stress.[ kincho, kyocho-suru ] stretch.[ noba-su, hiro-geru ] ex. He stretched his arms and yawned. = kare-wa ude-o

noba-shite akubi-o shita

strict.[ kibi-shi-i, gen-kaku-na] 防

a strict teacher = kibi-shi-i sense-i

ex. You are too strict

with your children. = a-nata-wa kodomo-tachi-ni kibi-shi-

sugi-masu He is not very strict about it. = kare-wa sore-ni tsu-ite ama-ri gen-kaku-dewa-na-i

strictly.[ kibi-shiku, gen-mitsu-ni ] ex. Strictly speaking, that is not correct. = gen-mitsu-ni i-eba

sore-wa tada-shiku na~i

stride.[ o-o-mata-de aru-ku ] ex. The tall man strode down the street. = sono se-no taka-i

otoko-wa machi-o o-o-mata-de aru-ite-i-tta

strife.[ ara-so-i ] 琢

a strife between workers and employers = rdshi-kan-no

ara-so-i

strike.[ u-tsu, nagu-ru, tsuki-ata-ru ] ex. The boy struck me on the head. = sono shonen-wa

watashi-no a-tama-o nagu-tta fune-ga iwa-ni tsuki-ata-tta

The ship struck a rock.=

string.[ himo, ito] ex. The package is tied with a red string. = sono tsu-tsumi-

wa aka-i himo-de shiba-tte-aru

strip.[ hagu, nuga-seru ] ex. I stripped a banana. = watashi-wa banana-no kawa-o

mu-ita

340

stripe-struggle

stripe.[ shima, suji ] ex. Tigers have stripes. = tora-niwa shima-ga aru

strive.[ do-ryoku-suru, hage-mu, ken-me-i-ni do-ryoku-suru ] ex. He strove to overcome his bad habits. = kare-wa aku-

shChni uchi-katsu tame-ni do-ryoku-shita

stroke.[ ichi-geki, hito-fude, nade-ru ] ex. He gave the robber a stroke with a stick. = kare-wa bo-de

goto-ni ichi-geki-o kuwa-eta

This picture is painted with

vigorous strokes. = kono e-wa chikara-zuyo-i fude-hako-

bi-de ega-kare-te-i-masu Mother stroked down my hair. = o-ka-san-wa watashi-no kami-no-ke-o nade-ta

stroll.[ bura-bura aru-ku, bura-tsuku ] ex. After supper they strolled about through the town. = yu-

shoku-go karera-wa machi-o bura-tsuita

strong.[ tsuyo-i ] ex. Who is stronger, Bill or Tom? = biru-to tomu-to dochi-ra-

ga tsuyo-i-desu-ka This coffee is too strong for me.= kono kohT-wa watashi-niwa ko-sugi-masu

strongly.[ tsuyo-ku, hage-shiku, go-in-ni ] ex. He strongly opposed the scheme. = kare-wa sono ke-i-

kaku-ni tsuyo-ku hanta-i-shita

strong point.[ chosho, tsuyo-mi ] structure.[ kozo, kenzo-butsu, kose-i, shiki-ta-i ] 防

a stone structure =

shi-no kenzo-butsu

•卜

ture of a house = uchi-no kozo

琢

跋

so-

the struc¬

the structure of a novel =

sho-setsu-no kose-i

struggle.[ moga-ku, fu-nto-suru, ken-me-i-ni do-ryoku-suru ] ex. I've struggled to obtain a teacher’s license. = watashi-wa

ken-me-i-ni do-ryoku-shite sense-i-no shi-kaku-o torimashi-ta

341

stubborn-subject

stubborn.[ ganko-na, gojo-na ] 防

a stubborn old man = ganko-na rdjin

琢

a stubborn stain

=ganko-na shimi

stud.[ kaza-ri-byo ] student.[ gaku-se-i, kenkyu-ka ] ex. He is a student of this college. = kare-wa kono da-i-

gaku-no gaku-se-i-desu

^ a student of economics = ke-

iza-i kenkyu-ka

study.[ mana-bu, kenkyu-suru ] ex. I should like to study medicine. = watashi-wa i-gaku-o

kenkyu-shi-ta-i

stuff.[ mono, za-iryo, tsume-ru ] ex. There is a lot of stuff in this drawer. = kono hikida-shi-

niwa taku-san-no mono-ga ha-i-tte-i-masu stuff! = pi-ttari-da

That’s the

She stuffed the pillow with feathers.=

ka-nojo-wa maku-ra-ni hane-o tsume-ta

stumble.[ tsuma-zuku, yoro-meku ] ex. I stumbled on a stone and fell. = watashi-wa ishi-ni tsu-

ma-zu-ite koron-de-shima-tta

stump.[ kiri-kabu ] ex. We sat on the top of a stump. = watashi-tachi-wa kiri-

kabu-no u-e-ni suwa-tta

stupid.[ baka-na, oroka-na, kuda-ra-na-i ] ex. It was stupid of you to make such a mistake. = kon-na ma-

chiga-i o suru-nante kimi-wa oroka-da-tta

style.[ yoshiki, johin ] ex. I should like to live in style. = watashi-wa yOqa-ni kura-

shi-ta-i He has good style. = kare-wa jitsu-ni johindesu * Japanese style = nihon-shiki 錄

subject.[ ka-moku, shuda-i ] ex. He likes English best of all his subjects. = kare^wa zen-

ka-moku-no uchi-de e-igoga ichi-ban suki-desu us return to the subject. = shuda-i-ni modori-masho

342

Let

sublime-substitute 防

subject to =〜shi-gachi-na

I’m subject to colds.=

watashi-wa kaze-o hiki-yasu-i

sublime.[ sogon-na, kosho-na ] 跋

sublime poetry = kDshd-na shi

跋

sublime scenery =

yOda-i-na foke-i

submit.[ fuku-ju-suru, kofuku-suru, te-i-shu-tsusuru ] 跋

submit to the enemy = teki-ni kofuku-suru

application = gan-sho-o te-i-shu-tsu-suru

^ submit an ex. I shall sub¬

mit the report to the committee. = watashi-wa i-in-ka-i-ni

hokoku-sho-o te-i-shu-tsu-shi-masu

subscribe.[ yo-yaku-suru, kifu-no yaku-sokuo suru ] 防

subscribe for a newspaper = shin-bu-n-o yo-yaku-

suru ^ subscribe to a church = kyOka-i-ni kifu-no yakusoku-o suru

subscription.[ yo-yaku, kifu-kin, kikin ] 防

raise a subscription = kiKin-o tsu-noru

subsequent.[ tsugi-no, ato-no ] ex. Subsequent events showed that I was right. = ato-no

jiken-de watashi-ga tada-shi-i koto-ga waka-tta

substance.[ bu-sshi-tsu, na-iyo ] ex. Ice and water are the same substance in different forms.=

ko-ori-to mizu-wa ke-ita-i-ga chiga-u o-naji bu-sshitsu-de-aru

substantial.[ kanari-no, shita ]

soto-na,

Er a substantial profit = kanari-no ri-eki

shi-kkari^ a substantial

house = sh卜kkari-shita uchi

substitute.[ da-iyo-suru, kawari-ni naru, da-iyo-hin ] ex. Can’t you substitute this for that? = kore-o a-re-no

kawari-ni deki-masen-ka

343

subtle-successive

subtle.[ kasuka-na, bimyo-na, suru-do-i ] kasuka-na bara-no kakasuka-na bishD ^ subtle senses

Er a subtle fragrance of roses =

ori a subtle smile = =suru-do-i gokan ex. There is a subtle difference between these two. = kono ryosha-niwa bimyo-na sa-ga ari-masu

suburb.[ koga-i ] ex. His factory is in the suburbs. =

kare-no kojo-wa koga-i-

ni ari-masu

subway.[ chika-tetsu ] ex. I took the subway at Tokyo station. =

watashi-wa Tokyo

eki-de chika-tetsu-ni nori-mashi-ta

succeed.[ se-iko-suru, uma-ku-iku, sozokusuru ] ex. My plan succeeded beyond my expectations. =

watashi-no

ke-i-kaku-wa iga-卜ni uma-ku-i-tta He succeeded to his father’s estate. = kare-wa chichi-no za-i-san-o sozokushi-mashi-ta success.[ se-iko, se-iko-sha] (— failure = shippa-i) ex. She became a success as a TV star. = ka-nojo-wa terebi-no ninki-mono-to-shite se-iko-shita 跋 a great suc¬ cess =da-i-se-iko

successful.[ se-iko-shita] 跋

gokaku-sha, tosen-sha o-o-ataィi-no e-iga

a successful candidate =

successful movie =

跋

a

successfully.[ uma-ku, mi-goto-ni,] ex. His plan went on successfully. =

kare-no ke-i-kaku-wa

uma-ku i-tta

succession.[ ren-zoku, sozoku ] 球

a succession of victories =

ren-shO

successive.[ ren-zoku-shite, tsuzu-ite ] ex. It rained for five successive days. =

zu-ite fu-tta

344

ame-ga i-tsu-ka tsu-

successor-sufficient

successor.[ sozoku-nin, ko-nin-sha, ke-i-shosha] the principal’s successor = kocho-no ko-nin

防

the suc¬

cessor to the premier = shu-sho-no koke-i~sha

such.[ son-na, kon-na ] ex. I have never seen such a beautiful bird. = watashi-wa

kon-na u-tsuku-shi-i tori-o ima-made mita-koto-ga nai Such books as these are difficult to understand. = kono yona hon-wa rika-i-shi-niku-i and such = nado, sono hoka 跋

suck.[ su-u ] ex. A baby is sucking its mother’s breast. = akan-bo-wa o-

ka-san-no chichi-o su-tte-iru

sudden.[ totsu-zen-no] ex. They were caught in a sudden shower. = karera-wa niwa-

ka-ame-ni a-tta ^ a sudden illness = kyubyo a sud¬ den decision = awa-tada-shi-i ke-tte-i a sudden death =kyushi 防

跋

suddenly.[ totsu-zen, dashi-nuke-ni ] ex. Suddenly he ran out of the room. = totsu-zen kare-wa

heya-kara kake-dashi-ta

suffer.[ naya-mu, yuru-su, gaman-suru ] ex. The nation is suffering from overpopulation. = sono kuni-

wa jinkd-kajd-ni nayan-de-i-masu I cannot suffer such insults. = kono yona bu-joku-wa gaman-deki-na-i

suffering.[ kuru-smmi, ku-tsu, kuro] ex. How much suffering there is in the world ! = yono-naka-

niwa nante kuro-ga o-o-i-no-darO!

suffice.[ jubu-n-de-aru, man-zoku-sa-seru ] ex. This dictionary will suffice you. = kono jisho-de jubu-n-

desu-yo

sufficient.[ jubu-n-na ] ex. The money was sufficient for the trip. = sono o-kane-de

345

sugar-sum ryokd-niwa jobu-n-da-tta

sugar.[ sato] ex. Put some sugar in my coffee. = satD-o watashi-no kdhT-

ni irete-kudasa-i How many sugars do you want in your tea? =sato-o iku-tsu ire-mashd-ka

suggest.[ anji-suru, te-i-an-suru, hono-mekasu ] ex. I suggested a new plan to them. = karera-ni a-tara-shi-i

ke-i-kaku-o te-i-an-shita They suggested that he resign. =karera-wa kare-ga ji-shoku-su-beki-da-to hono meka-shita

suggestion.[ te-i-an ] ex. The friendship game was a good suggestion. = shin-zen-ji-

a-i-wa yo-i te-i-an-de-a-tta han-ni shi-taga-u

球

follow a suggestion = te-

suicide.[ ji-satsu ] ex. She committed suicide last night. = ka-nojo-wa saku-ya

ji-satsu-shita

suit.[ sutsu, teki-suru, a-u ] 防

an everyday suit = fudan-gi

ex. This room suits me.=

kono heya-wa watashi-ni mu-ite-iru

He is not suited to

be a teacher. = kare-wa sense-i-ni teki-sa-na-i

What

day will suit you best? = nan-nichi-ga ichi-ban go-tsugO-

ga yo-i deshd-ka

suitable.[ teki-to-na, fu-sawa-shi-i ] ex. This present is suitable for a little girl of ten. = kono okuri-

mono-wa ji-ssa-i-no shojo-ni fu-sawa-shi-i

sullen.[ mu-ttsuri-shita, bu-a-iso-na ] ex. He is sullen by nature. = kare-wa u-mare-tsuki bu-a-

isd-da

sultry.[ mushi-a-tsu-i ] 跋

a sultry day = mushi-a-tsu-i hi

sum.[ goke-i ] 346

summary-sunrise ぽ

a small sum of comfort = wazuka-na nagu-same

ex.

The sum of 2 and 3 and 4 is 9. = ni-to san-to yon-no goke-

i-wa kyu-de-aru He earned a large sum of money. = karewa ta-ikin-o kase-ida

summary.[ tekiyo, yoyaku ] ex. The book has a summary at the end of each chapter. = sono

hon-wa kaku-sho-no owari-ni yoyaku-ga ari-masu

summer.[ natsu ] 球

last summer = kyo-nen-no natsu

shoka

球

跋

early summer =

summer school = kaki koshu

summit.[ chojo, choten ] ex. He was at the summit of happiness. = kare-wa kofuku-no

ze-tchd-ni ita

跋

summit conference = shu-no ka-idan

summon.[ yobi-dasu, shokan-suru ] ex. The ambassador was summoned home. = ta-i-shi-wa hon-

goku-e shokan-sare-ta shi-cho-ni yoba-reta

I was summoned by the Mayor.=

sun.[ ta-iyo ] ex. The sun shines by day, and the moon by night. = ta-iyo-wa

hiru kaga-yaki tsuki-wa yoru kaga-yaki-masu

Some old

men are bathing in the sun. = su-nin-no rojm-tachi-ga ni-

kko-yoku-o shite-i-masu

sunbathe.[ ni-kko-yoku-o suru ] 防

sunbathe in the yard = niwa-de ni-kkd-yoku-o suru

sunbeam.[ ta-iyo kosen, ni-kko] Sunday.[ nichi-yobi ] ex. We go to church on Sundays. = watashi-tachi-wa nichi-

yObi-niwa kyoka-i-e yuki-masu

sunny.[ hi-ata-ri-no yo-i ] (ht a sunny room = hi-ata-ri-no yo-i heya

sunrise.[ hi-no-de ] ex. I have never seen such a beautiful sunrise as this. = kon-na

u-tsuku-sh卜i hi-no-de-wa mita koto-ga na-i

347

sunset-supposing

sunset.[ nichi-botsu, hi-no-iri ] sunshine.[ ni-kko] ex. We took a walk in the spring sunshine. = watashi-tachi-

wa haru-no ni-kko-no naka-o sanpo-shita

superexpress.[ cho-to-kkyu ] superior.[ sugu-reta, me-u-e-no hito

](抑

inferior

= oto-tta) ex. This meat seems superior to that in quality. = kono niku-

wa a-re-yori-mo hin-shitsu-ga yo-i-yoda

Young people

should respect their superiors. = waka-i hito-bito-wa me-u-

e-no hito-o sonke-i-su-beki-dusu

superstition.[ me-i-shin ] supper.[ yushoku ] ex. What did you have for supper? = yOshoku-ni nani-o

tabe-mashi-ta-ka

supply.[ kyokyu-suru, ata-eru, te-ikyo-suru ] ex. Books supply information. = hon-wa joho-o te-ikyD-

suru

^ school supplies = gakuyd-hin

support.[ sasa-eru, shiji-suru, fuyo-suru ] 防

support a family = kazoku-o yashi-na-u

candidate = koho-sha-o shij卜suru

琢

support a

ex. I hope to have your

support in the next election. = tsugi-no senkyo-dewa dOka

shiji-shite-kudasa-i

supporter.[ shiji-sha, ko-en-sha ] suppose.[ sozo-suru, kate-i-suru, omo-u ] ex. What do you suppose he did? = don-na koto-o kare-ga

shita-to omo-i-masu-ka

Let’s suppose we were living in

wartime. = senji-chu-ni se-i-katsu-shite-iru-to kate-i-

shiyd Suppose it is true. = sore-wa hontd-da-to kate-ishiyo I suppose you know what to do. = dOshita-ra yo-i-ka go-zonj•卜 deshd

supposing.[ moshi ~ naraba ] ex. Supposing it rains, what will we do then? = moshi ame-ga

348

suppress-surplus fu-ttara sono toki-wa nani-o shiyd-ka

suppress.[ chin-a-tsu-suru, osa-eru, gamansuru ] ex. The rebellion was suppressed with ease. = han-ran-wa

kan-tan-rii chin-a-tsu-sareta She suppressed a yawn.= ka-nojo-wa akubi-o gaman-shita She suppressed her feelings. = ka-nojo-wa kanjo-o osa-eta

supreme.[ sa-iko-no] 跋

the Supreme Count = sa-iko sa-iban-sho

sure.[ ta-shika-na, kaku-jitsu-na ] ex. There is only one sure way to succeed. = se-iko-suru ta-

shika-na hoho-wa tada hito-tsu-shika na-i He is sure to come. = kare-wa ki-tto ki-masu “Will you come?” “Sure•” =「kite-kure-masu-kaj「i-i-tomo」膝 sure enough = an-no-jO She overworked herself, and sure enough she got ill. =ka-nojo-wa hata-raki-sugi-te an-no-jd bydki-ni natta

surely.[ ta-shika-ni ] ex. “May I use the telephone?” “Surely.” =「denwa-o tsuka-

ttemo i-卜desu-ka」「i-i-desu-yo dozoj Surely you are not going alone. = masa-ka hito-ri-de yuku-no-dewa-nahdesho-ne

surface.[ hyomen, ga-ikan ] ex. This picture represents the surface of the moon. = kono

sha-shin-wa tsuki-no hyOmen-o arawa-shite-i-masu

surgeon.[ geka-i ] ex. He is not a physician, but a surgeon. = kare-wa na-ika-i-

de-naku geka-i-desu

surname.[ se-i, myoji ] surpass.[〜ni masa-tte-iru, sugu-rete-iru ] ex. Anna surpasses her sister in English. = An-na-wa ane-

yori e-igo-dewa masa-tte-i-masu

surplus.[ ama-ri, kajo, yojo ] 349

surprise-suspect 防

a large surplus of food = ta-iryo-no yojo shoku-ryo

surprise.[ odoro-kasu，odoro-ki ] ex. I was greatly surprised at the news. = watashi-wa sono

nyOsu-ni ta-ihen bi-kkuri-shi-mashi-ta

She showed no

surprise. = ka-nojo-wa odoro-ki-wa shina-katta pleasant surprise for you. = bi-kkuri-suru-ydna

ga ari-masu-yo

ぽ

1-1

Here’s a

shira-se-

by surprise = fu-i-ni

surprising.[ odoro-ku-beki, iga-i-na] ex. It is surprising how much he knows of everything. = kare-

no mono-shiri-niwa odoro-ki-masu There’s nothing sur¬ prising about that. = ano-koto-ni tsu-ite-wa suko-sh卜mo iga-i-na koto-wa ari-masen

surrender.[ ake-watasu, suru ]

kofuku-suru,

jishu-

ex. The captain had to surrender his ship to the enemy. = sen-

cho-wa fune-o teki-ni ake-watasa-neba-nara-nakatta He surrendered to the police. = kare-wa ke-i-satsu-ni jishthshita

surround.[ kako-mu, tori-maku ] ex. They surrounded the enemy. = karera-wa teki-o tori-

kako-nda Our house is surrounded with trees. = watashitachi-no uchi-wa ki-de kako-mare-te-i-masu

surrounding.[ shu-i, kankyo ] ex. The child was brought up in cheerful surroundings. = sono

ko-wa akaru-i kankyo-ni soda-chi-mashi-ta

survey.[ chosa-suru, soku-ryo-suru ] 跋

survey typhoon damage = ta-ifQ-no higa-i-o chdsa-

suru

跋

survey land = tochi-o soku-ryO-suru

survive.[ naga-iki-suru ] ex. She survived her husband for five years. = ka-nojo-wa o-

tto-yori go-nen naga-iki-sh卜mashi-ta

suspect.[ kan-zuku, omo-u, yogi-sha ] 350

〜no-dewa-na-i-ka-to

suspend-swap ex. He suspected danger. = kare-wa kiken-o kanji-ta

I

suspected him to be aware of the fact. = watashi-wa kare-ga

sono j卜jitsu-o shi-tte-iru-no-dewa-na-i-ka-to omotta The police arrested a suspect. = sono ke-ikan-wa ydgi-sha-o ta-iho-shita

suspend .[ tsuru-su, te-i-gaku-ni suru ] ex. The lamp was suspended from the ceiling. = ranpu-wa

tenjo-kara

tsuru-saga-tte-ita

He was suspended from

school for a week. = kare-wa i-ssho-kan-no te-i-gaku-

shobu-n-o u-keta

suspension.[ te-i-gaku, te-i-shoku ] 防

suspension from school = te-i-gaku

suspicious.[ uta-gawa-shi-i, ayashi-i ] ex. Your story sounds suspicious. = kimi-no hana-sni-wa

domo ayashi-i

sustain.[ ji-zoku-suru, sasa-eru, iji-suru ] ex. There is enough food to sustain life. = se-ime-i-o ij卜suru-

no-ni jobu-n-na shoku-ryo-wa aru

swallow1.[nomi-komu, u-nomi-ni suru ] ex. In a moment the waves swallowed up the little boat. = /-

sshu-n-no uchi-ni nami-wa chi-isa-na fune-o nomikonde-shima-tta He has the habit of swallowing any story. =kare-wa don-na hana-shi-demo u-nomi-ni suru kuse-ga ari-masu ^ at one swallow = hito-nomi-de

swallow2.[ tsu-bame ] ex. One swallow does not make a summer. (Proverb) = tsu-

bame-ga ichi-wa-de natsu-niwa nara-nu, haya-gatenwa kin-motsu (kotowaza)

swamp.[ numa-chi, shi-tchi ] swan.[ haku-cho] 跋

a black swan = koku-cho

swap.[ kokan-suru, tori-ka-eru ] ex. I swapped a guitar for a glove. = boku-wa gita-o gurobu

351

swarm-swell to kokan-shita

swarm.[ mure, o-oze-i, mura-garu ] 防

a swarm of ants = ari-no mure

ex. Doves came swarming

around him. = hato-ga kare-no mawari-ni mura-ga-tte-

kita

sway.[ yure-ru, yusu-buru, ugo-kasu ] ex. The branches swayed in the wind. = eda-ga kaze-ni yure-ta Nothing could sway my determination. = nanimono-mo watashi-no ketsu-i-o ugo-kasu koto-wa dekina-i

swear.[ chika-u, sen-gen-suru ] ex. Will you swear that what you have said is true? = a-nata-ga

i-tta koto-wa shin-jitsu-da-to sen-gen-shi-masu-ka I swear such a thing is impossible. = son-na koto-wa ari-ena-i-to chika-i-masu

sweat.[ ase, ase-o kaku ] ex. Do you sweat a lot? = a-nata-wa ase-kkaki-desu-ka

I

wiped the sweat from my face. = watashi-wa ka-o-no ase-o

fu-ita

sweep.[ haku, soji-suru ] ex. I can’t sweep without a broom. = hoki-ga nake-reba

sDji-wa deki-na-i

琢

sweep a room = heya-o sOji-suru

sweet.[ ama-i, kire-i-na, yasa-shi-i ] ex. This cake tastes too sweet. = kono keki-wa ama-sugi-

masu She has a sweet voice. = ka-nojo-wa ko-e-ga kirei-da That is very sweet of you. = go-shin-setsu-ni arigaW-goza-i-masu

sweetheart.[ ko-i-bito] ex. They are sweethearts. = futa-ri-wa ko-i-bito ddshi~desu

swell.[ fuku-ramu, fu-eru ] ex. The sails swelled out in the wind. = kaze-o u-kete ho-ga

fuku-randa My legs are swollen. = a-shi-ga muku-ndeiru His savings swelled. = kare-no chokin-ga fu-eta

352

swift-swordsmanship

swift.[ haya-i, su-baya-i ] ex. She is swift in action. = ka-nojo-wa kodo-ga su-baya~i

swim.[ oyo-gu, su-i-e-i-o suru ] ex. We go swimming everyday in summer. = watashi-tachi-wa

natsu-ni naru-to ma-i-nichi oyo-gi-ni yuki-masu

I swam

across the lake. = mizu-umi-o oyo-ide wata-tta

Let’s go

for a swim. = oyo-gi-ni yuko

swimming.[ su-i-e-i, mema-i ] ex. I am good at swimming. = watashi-wa su-i-e-i-ga uma-i

swindler.[ sagi-shi, peten-shi ] swine.[ buta ] swing.[ furu, yure-ru ] ex. The lamp was swinging for a while. = ranpu~wa shiba-

raku yure-te-i-mashi-ta

Swiss.[ su-isu, su-isu-jin ] ex. The Swiss are a diligent people. = su-isu-jin-wa kin-ben-

na koku-min-desu

switch.[ su-i-tchi, ka-eru ] ex. There’s an on-off switch on the wall. = kabe-ni ten-metsu

su-i-tchi-ga ari-masu I switched TV channels. = watashiwa tere-bi-no chan-neru-o ka-eta He switch the discus¬ sion to the weather. = kare-wa wada-i-o tenki-no koto-ni ka-e-ta Switch off the light. = denki-o keshi-nasa-i

swoon.[ ki-zetsu-suru ] ex. She easily falls into a swoon. = ka-nojo-wa ki-zetsu-shi-

yasu-i

sword.[ ken, kata-na, bu-ryoku ] 跋

appeal to the sword = bu-ryoku-ni u-tta-eru

ex. The pen

is mightier than sword. (Proverd) = pen-wa ken-yori tsuyo-

shi (kotowaza)

swordsman.[ ken-shi, ken-jutsu-ka ] 防

a good swordsman = ken-no tatsu-jm

swordsmanship.[ kendo, ken-jutsu ] 353

swot-systematic

swot.[ gari-ben, mo-benkyo-ka ] syllable.[ on-setsu, hito-koto ] ex. I don’t understand a syllable of what you say. = a-nata-no

yO koto-wa hito-koto-mo waka-ri-masen

symbol.[ shocho, fugo] ex. The dove is the symbol of peace. = hato-wa he-iwa-no

shocho-de-aru What does this symbol stand for? = kono fugo-wa nani-o arawa-shite-iru-no-desu~ka

sympathetic.[ ko-i-teki-na, dojo-teki-na ] ex. I can’t feel sympathetic toward such a person. = watashi-

wa an-na hito-ni dojo-deki-masen =dojo-teki-na yosu

膝

sympathetic looks

sympathize.[ dojo-suru ] ex. I sympathize with you, but I can see her side, too. = a-nafaniwa dojo-shi-masu-ga ka-nojo-no tachi-ba-mo watashi-wa yoku wakari-masu My mother sympathizes with my plan to be a doctor. = haha-wa watashi-ga •卜sha-ni naru ke-i-kaku-ni sanse-i-desu

sympathy.[ dojo, omo-i-yari ] ex. Let me express my deepest sympathy for you in your grief.=

kokoro-kara o-kuya-mi mdshi-a-ge-masu We are all in sympathy with your proposal. = watashi-tachi-wa mina anata-no te-i-an-ni sanse-i-desu

symphony orchestra.[ kokyo gaku-dan ] symptom.[ choko, kiza-shi ] a symptom of air pollution = ta-iki osen-no kiza-shi

synonym.[ ru-i-go, do-i-go, dogi-go] system.[ ta-ike-i, se-ido] 防

a public school system = koritsu ga-kko se-ido

systematic.[ so-shiki-teki, ke-i-kaku-teki ] 防

354

systematic plot = ke-i-kaku-teki inbo

tab.[ tsuma-mi ] ex. Pull the tab on the can and open it. = kan-no tsuma-mi-o

hi-ite akete-kudasa-i

table.[ teburu, shoku-taku ] ex. Mother is clearing the table. = haha-wa shoku-taku-o

kata-zuke-te-i-masu

There was a ring at the door while we

were at table. = shoku-ji-chO-ni gen-kan-no beru-ga na-

tta

tablet.[ ichi-jo, hito-tsubu ] ex. Take two tablets after every meal. = ma-i-shoku-go ni-jo

nomi-nasa-i

taboo.[ tabu ] ex. Such behavior is taboo in our village. = sono yona ko-i-

wa kono mura-dewa tabu-desu

tackle.[ dogu, tori-kumu ] fishing tackle = tsuri dogu

ex. I’ll tackle that book after

lunch. = chushoku-go sono hon-ni tori-kumu tsumori-

desu tag1.[fuda, tsu-ite-kuru ] ter a name tag = na-fuda ex. Why are you tagging along?= naze watashi-no ato-o tsu-ite-kuru-no-desu-ka

tag2

- •• [ oni-go-kko, ta-tchi-a-uto-ni suru ]

tsr play tag = oni-go-kko-o suru

tail.[o, shi-ppo, biko-suru ] ex. A dog came out, wagging its tail. = inu-ga shi-ppo-o furi-

naga-ra dete-ki-mashi-ta

Someone tailed me all the way

from the station. = dare-ka-ga eki-kara zO-tto watashi-o

tsuke-te-kita

^ a long-tailed cat = o-no naga-i neko

taillight.[ bits] 355

tailor-tap

tailor.[ yofuku-ya ] ex. Is there a tailor’s round here? = kono ata-ri-ni yofuku-

ya-ga ari-masu-ka

take.[ torn, tabe-ru, tsure-te-yuku, kaka-ru, ma-chiga-eru ] ex. I took several pictures. = watashi-wa sU-ma-i-no sha-

shin-o tori-mashi-ta I’ll take you wherever you like.= doko-demo suki-na tokoro-e tsure-te-yuki-masu I took you for an American. = a-nata-o ameィika-jin-to machiga-eta It took me three days to read through this book.= watashi-ga kono hon-o yomu-no-ni mi-kka kaka-tta

tale — [ hana-shi ] talent.[ sa-ino] ex. She has literary talent. = ka-nojo-wa bu-n-gaku-teki

sa-ind-ga aru

Without some kind of talent you will never be¬

come a movie star. = aru-shu-no sa-inO-ga nake-reba ke-

sshite e-iga sutB-niwa nare-na-i

talk.[ hana-su, shabe-ru ] ex. Let’s talk over the matter some other day. = sono koto-wa

betsu-no hi-ni sodan-shi-masho

tall.[ se-ga taka-i ](料 Short = se-ga hiku-i) ex. I see a tall chimney over there. = mukd-ni taka-i en-

totsu-ga mi-e-masu

tame.[ otona-shi-i, ka-i-nara-su

](料

wild = ran-

bD-na) a tame husband = otona-shi-i o-tto ^ a tame idea = tsumara-na-i kanga-e ex. She tames wild animals for a liv¬ ing. =ka-nojo-wa shi-goto-to-shite yase-•卜no ddbutsuo ka-i-nara-shite-i-masu 球

tamer.[ chokyO-shi ] tap1.[karu-ku tata-ku ] ex. The teacher tapped me on the shouldar. = sense-i-wa

watashi-no kata-o karu-ku tata-ita

356

tap-teaching

tap2.[ ja-guchi ] ex. Turn the tap off. = ja-guchi-o shimeィu-koto

target.[ mato, hyoteki, moku-hyo] ex. He hit the target. = kare-wa mato-o a-teta

task.[ shi-goto] ex. It is no easy task to solve these problems. = korera-no

monda-i-o ka-ike-tsu-suru koto-wa yasa-shi-i shi-gotodewa-na-i

taste.[ aji, aji-ga suru, shumi ] ex. Do you like the taste of this drink? = a-nata-wa kono

nomi-mono-no aji-wa suki-desu-ka This is not to my taste. = kore-wa watashi-no konomi-dewa-na-i This tastes of an apple. = kore-wa ringo-no aji-ga suru 跋 in good (bad) taste = hin-ga yo-i (waru-i)

tasteful.[ shumi-no yo-i, johin-na ] tax.[ ze-i, ze-ikin, kaze-i-suru ] ぼ

income tax = sho-toku ze-i

跋

a tax on commodities =

bu-ppin ze-i

taxi.[ taku-shT ] ex. You’d better take a taxi. = taku-shT-de i-tta hO-ga yo-i

tea.[ cha, o-cha ] ex. Won’t you have a cup of tea? = o-cha-o卜ppa-i ikaga-

desu-ka

teach.[ o-shi-eru ] ex. She teaches them English. = ka-nojo-wa karera-ni e-

igo-o o-shi-ete-i-masu I taught my class about pronounc¬ ing words correctly. = watashi-wa kotoba-o se-i-kaku-ni ha-tsu-on-suru yoni kura-su-ni o-shi-eta He taught him¬ self. =kare-wa doku-gaku-shita

teacher.[ sense-i, kyoshi ] 防

an enthusiastic teacher = ne-ssnm-na sense-i

teaching.[ o-shi-eru-koto, ju-gyo] ex. Teaching is no easy task. = o-sm-eru-koto-wa ke-

357

team-telegraph sshite yd-i-na koto-dewa-na-i

team.[ chTmu ] ex. The team are supposed to meet here at three. = chTmu-wa

san-ji-ni koko-ni a-tsumaru koto-ni na-tte-i-masu

tear1.[namida ] ex. I have never seen her shed tears. = watashi-wa ka-nojo-

ga namida-o naga-su-no-o mita koto-ga na-i

tear2.[ hiki-saku, haga-su, yabu-ru ] ex. Someone tore off the page from the book. = dare-ka-ga

sono peji-o hon-kara yabu-ri-to-tta

tease.[ kara-ka-u, iji-meru ] ex. They teased him because he couldn’t answer the question.=

karera-wa kare-ga monda-i-ni kota-e-rare-naka-ttanode kara-ka-tta

technical.[ kogyo-no, no]

gi-jutsu-no,

sen-mon-

ex. He graduated from a technical school. = kare-wa kogyO-

ga-kko-o sotsu-gyd-shi-mashi-ta

We must have know¬

ledge of technical terms to read the book. = sono hon-o yomu-niwa sen-mon-go-no chi-shiki-ga hi-tsuyo-desu

technicality.[ sen-mon-yogo] technique.[ giko, teku-ni-kku ] tedious.[ ta-iku-tsu-na,] 跋

a tedious talk = ta-iku-tsu-na hana-shi

teeth.[ ha] teenage.[ ju-da-i-no] 球

teenage girls = jo-da• •卜no shojo

teens.[ ju-da-i ] ぽ

,

girls in their late teens = ju-da-i kohan-no shojo

teetotaler.[ ze-tta-i kin-shu shugi-sha ] telegram.[ denpo] telegraph.[ denpo, den-shin ] ex. Shall I inform him by telegraph? = kare-ni denpo-de

358

telephone-tempest shira-se-mashd-ka

telephone.[ denwa, denwa-o kakeru ] ex. I talked with him by telephone. = denwa-de kare-to

hana-shi-o shi-mashi-ta You are wanted on the telephone. =a-nata-ni denwa-desu-yo

telescope.[ bo-en-kyo] ex. Look at the stars through a telescope. = bo-en-kyo-de

hoshi-o mite-goran-nasa-i

television.[ tere-bi ] ex. I watched the game on television. = watashi-wa sono

shi-a-i-o tere-bi-de mi-mashi-ta

tell.[ hana-su, i-u (yu-u), wakaru ] ex. Tell me the truth. = hontd-no koto-o i-i-nasa-i

He told

me to go. = kare-wa watashi-ni yuku yoni i-i-mashi-

ta Tell him not to go out alone. = kare-ni hito-ri-de dekake-na-i yoni i-i-nasa-i He cannot tell right from wrong. =kare-wa zen-aku-ga wakara-na-i You are telling me. =ma-ttaku sono to-ori-da 5 telling eyes = kuchihodo-ni mono-o yu me 膝

temper.[ ki-shitsu, kibu-n, kigen ] ex. He got into a temper. = kare-wa ka-tto na-tta his temper. = kare-wa kan-shaku-o oko-shita temper. = watashi-wa ikari-o ji-tto kora-eta

He lost I kept my

He was in a

good (bad) temper. = kare-wa jd (fu)-Kigen-da-tta

temperate.[ se-tsudo-ga aru ] ex. He is temperate in drinking. = kare-wa sake-ni se-

tsudo-ga aru

temperature.[ ta-i-on 】 ex. Let me take your temperature. = ta-i-on-o haka-ra-sete-

kudasa-i My temperature was a little below (above) normal.= watashi-no ta-i-on-wa fu-tsO-yori hiku(taka)-ka-tta

tempest.[ o-o-arashi ] (= storm) ex. A tempest arose and wrecked their ship. = o-o-arashi-ga

359

temple-tend okori karera-no fune-o nanpa-sa-seta

temple1.[kome-kami ] temple2.[ tera, shin_den ]卜 shrine = j_ 琢

the Temple of Apollo = Aporo shin-den

球

a Buddhist

temple = bu-kkyo-no o-tera

tempo.[ soku-do, tenpo] 防

the tempo of modern life = kinda-i se-i-katsu-no tenpo

temporary.[ ichi-ji-no, rinji-no]

kari-no,

haka-na-i,

ex. This is my temporary residence. = koko-ga watashi-no

kari-no suma-i-desu

ぽ

a temporary job = rinji-no shi-

goto

tempt.[ yuwaku-suru, soso-ru, ki-o hiku ] ex. The movie tempted me to read the book. = sono e-iga-o

mite sono hon-o yomi-taku na-tta The cake tempted my appetite. = sono keki-wa watashi-no shoku-yoku-o soso-tta The music tempted me to dance. = sono on-gakuo ki-ite watashi-wa odori-taku na-tta

temptation.[ yuwaku ] ex. Don’t yield to temptation. = yOwaku-ni ma-keru-na

ten.[ jQ ] ex. He was then a boy of ten. = kare-wa sono toki ji-ssa-i-

no shOnen-deshi-ta Ten to nine he will win. = ji-tchu hakku kare-wa katsu-darO

tenant.[ shaku-chi-nin, shaku-ya-nin ] ex. A tenant must pay rent. = shaku-ya-nin-wa ya-chin-o

hara-wa-neba-nara-m-i

tend1.[sewa-o suru, mend5,0 miru ] 防

tend a patient = bydnin-no sewa-o suru

=bara-no te-ire-o suru suru

球

^ tend roses tend a store = mise-ban-o

tend2.[ ke-iko-ga aru ] ex. We tend to forget sad things. = watashi-tachi-wa kana-

360

tendency - testify shi-i koto-o wasuィe-gachi-de-aru

tendency.[ ke-iko] 防

a tendency to higher prices = bu-kka joshO-no ke-

iko ex. He has a tendency to speak rapidly. = kare-wa haya-kuchi-no ke-ikd-ga ari-masu

tender1.[yasa-shi-i, yawara-ka-i ] 跋

tender hands = yawara-ka-i te

ex. He has a tender heart.

=kare-wa yasa-shi-i kokoro-no mochi-nushi-desu 防

tender meat = yawara-ka-i niku

tender.[ sashi-dasu, te-i-shu-tsu-suru ] ex. He tendered his thanks to her. = kare-wa o-re-i-no koto-

ba-o ka-nojo-ni nobe-mashi-ta

tennis.[ te-nisu ] ex. He is a good tennis player. = kare-wa te-nisu-ga uma-i

term.[ kikan, kigen, sen-mon-go] ex. The President’s term of office is four years. = da-i-tdryd-no

ninki-wa yo-nen-desu

跋

technical terms = sen-mon-

yogo

terminal.[ owari-no ] 防

a terminal examination = ga-kki-matsu shiken

防

a ter¬

minal station = shuchaku-eki

terrible.[ hido-i ] 跋

a terrible cold = hido-i kaze

terror.[ kyofu ] ex. She woke up in terror from a bad dream. = ka-nojo-wa

waru-i yume-ni obi-ete me_o sama-shita

test.[ shiken, kensa] 跋

a blood test = ketsu-eki kensa

跋

a nuclear test =

kaku ji-kken

testify.[ shogen-suru, shome-i-suru ] ex. The witness testified in favor of the accused. = shonin-wa

hi-koku-ni yGri-na shOgen-o shita

He testified that he had

seen the scene of the accident. = kare-wa jiko genba-o

361

text-theme mita-to shdgen-shita

text.[ genbu-n, honbu-n ] ex. This book contains 300 pages of text and 50 pages of notes.

=kono hon-wa san-byaku-pej卜no honbu-n-to go-jippBji-no choshaku-ga ari-masu

textbook.[ kyoka-sho ] ex. Open your textbook at page 15. = kyoka-shono jO-go-

peji-o hira-ki-nasa-i

Thailand.[ ta-i ] Thames.[ temu-zu gawa ] than.[〜yori ] ex. Health is better than wealth. = kenko-wa tomi-ni masa-

ri-masu

thank.[ kan-sha-suru ] ex. Thank you. = arigato

No, thank you. = i-i-e ke-kko-

desu We gave thanks to God. = watashi-tachi-wa kami-ni kan-sha-o sasa-geta Thanks to your advice, we were saved. =a-nata-no o-kage-de watashi-tachi-wa tasu-ka-tta

thanks.[ arigato] ex. Thanks a lot. = Many thanks. = ddmo arigato, arigato

goza-i-masu

Thanksgiving Day.[ kan-sha-sa-i ] that.[ a-re, ano] ex. “What’s that man?” “That’s a palmist.” =「ano hito-wa

nan-desu-ka」「tesd-mi-desuj

theater, theatre.[ geki-jo] ex. Do you sometimes go to the theater? = a-nata-wa toki-

niwa geki-jo-ni iki-masu-ka

their ••- "[karera-no] theirs … [ karera-no mono] them ••- …[karera-o ] theme " •— [ da-i-moku, tema] ex. “Human nature” was the speaker’s theme. = ko-en-sha-no

362

then-thin tema-wa「nin-gen-se-ij -de-a-tta

then.[ sore-dewa, sono toki ] ex. Then why did you go there? = sore-dewa naze soko-e

i-tta-no-desu-ka I had a bath and then went to bed.= furo-ni ha-i-tte sore-kara ne-mashi-ta

theory.[ riron, gaku-setsu ] there.[ soko,〜ga aru ] 拔

There is

=〜ga aru,〜ga iru

〜

ex. There is a book on

the desk. = tsuku-e-no u-e-ni hon-ga aru

over there

跋

=muko-ni

therefore.[ sore-yu-e-ni, dakara ] ex. I think; therefore I am. = ware omo-u; yu-e-ni ware ari

thermometer.[ ondo-ke-i ] ex. The thermometer rose (fell). = ondo-ke-i-ga aga-tta

(saga-tta)

these.[ korera-no, korera-o ] ex. These shirts are cheap. = korera-no sha-tsu-wa yasu-

i These are my books. = korera-wa watashi-no hon-desu

they.[ karera-wa, sorera-wa ] ex. Put the papers back where they were. = shorn-卜〇 moto-

no tokoro-e modo-shi-nasa-i

thick.[ a-tsu-i, ko-i, futo-i

](科

thin = usu-i)

ex. Snow lay thick on the ground. = yuki-ga jimen-ni a-tsu-

ku tsumo-tta He has a thick neck. = kare-wa kubi-ga futo-i ^ the thick forest = u-sso-to shita mori 琢 a thick beard = ko-i ago-hige

thickness.[ a-tsu-sa ] 跋

two meters in thickness = a-tsu-sa ni-metoru

thief.[ dorobo ] thigh.[futo-momo] thin.[ usu-i, hoso-i, yase-ta]

thick = a-tsu-i

# fat = futo-tta) ter a thin person = yese-ta hito

^ a thin soup = usu-i

363

thine-this supu

thine.[ nanji-no, nanji-no mono] ex. This is not thine. = kore-wa nanji-no mono-ni-ara-zu

thing.[ mono, koto, jijo, monda-i ] ex. Friendship is a valuable thing. = yujo-wa ta-卜setsu-na

mono-de-aru She is fond of sweet things. = ka-nojo-wa ama-i mono-ga suki-desu The thing is that I don’t have clothes to wear to the party. = monda-i-wa pa汀-ni kite-yuku fuku-ga na-i-to yO koto-de-su The foreigner has no know¬ ledge of things Japanese. = sono ga-i-koku-jin-wa nihonno jijo-o zen-zen shira-na-i It is a lucky thing that nobody got hurt in the fire. = sono kaji-de dare-mo kega-ga naka-tta-no-wa ko-u-n-na koto-desu

think.[ omo-u, kanga-eru ] ex. I think he will come. = kare-wa kuru-dard-to omo

u Think of me when I’m away. = watashi-ga i-tte-shimattara watashi~o omo-i-dashi-te-kudasa-i

thinking.[ kanga-eru, fu-n-betsu-no aru ] ex. Man is a thinking animal. = nin-gen-wa kanga-eru

dObutsu-de-aru We want to know the American way of think¬ ing. =watashi-tachi-wa ame-rika-jin-no kanga-e-katao shiri-ta-i-to omo-tte-i-masu

third.[ da-i-san-no] 跋 June third = roku-gatsu mi-kka 跋 two thirds = sanbu-n-no ni ex. She placed third in contest. = ka-nojo-wa konte-suto-de san-i-ni nari-mashi-ta

Third World.[ da-i-san seka-i ] thirsty.[ nodo-ga kawa-ita, katsu-bo-suru ] ex. Give me some water. I’m thirsty. = mizu-o kudasa-i.

nodo-ga kawa-ita He is thirsty for fame. = kare-wa meise-i-o katsu-bd-shite-iru

this.[ kore, kono] ex. Look at this picture. = kono e-o goran-nasa-i

364

This is

thorn-thousand Mary speaking. = kochira-wa Mary-desu

跋

this morning

=kesa

thorn.[ toge ] ex. No rose without a thorn. (Proverb) = toge-no na-i barawa na-/ = u-tsuku-shi-i mono-niwa toge-ga aru (koto-

waza)

thorough.[ kan-peki-na, kan-zen-na ] 跋

a thorough housekeeper = kan-peki-na kase-i-fu

thoroughfare.[ tsuro] ex. No thoroughfare! = to-ori-nuke deki-masen

those.[ sorera-no, sorera-o ] though.[ kere-domo, demo] ex. Though he is poor, he is happy. = kare-wa mazu-shi-i-

kere-domo kofuku-desu Though it was raining hard, he went out. = ame-wa hage-shiku fu-tte-ita-kere-domo

kare-wa

ga-i-shu-tsu-shi-mashi-ta

He slumped

his

head as though he was going to a funeral. = kare-wa marude

sD-shiki-ni iku-ka-no yoni u-nadare-ta though. = demo sore-wa hontd-da-tta

It was true,

thought.[ kanga-e, shiso, kanga-e-kata ] ex. What are your thoughts on the subject? = sono monda-i-

ni tsu-ite don-na kanga-e-desu-ka =se-iji shiso

球

political thought

thoughtful.[ omo-i-yari-no aru, kokoro-zuka-ino aru, kanga-e-konda] ex. He is very thoughtful of others. = kare-wa ta-nin-ni omo-

i-yari-ga aru He put us in a thoughtful mood. = kare-no se-i-de watashi-tachi-wa kanga-e-konde shima-tta

thoughtless.[ omo-i-yari-ga na-i, fu-chu-i-na] thousand.[ sen ] ex. This book cost me a thousand yen. = kono hon-wa sen-

en shi-mashi-ta

Every year thousands of people are killed in

traffic accidents. = ma-i-nen kotsO-jiko-de sO-sen-no

365

thrashing-through hito-bito-ga naku-nari-masu

thrashing.[ ha-i-boku ] 跋

get a good thrashing = zenpa-i suru

thread.[ ito] threat.[ odo-shi ] ex. He made threats against me. = kare-wa watashi-o odo-

shita

threaten.[ odo-su, kyohaku-suru ] ex. The hijackers threatened the pilot. = ha-i-ja-kku-no han-

nin-wa pa-iro-tto-o odo-shita I threatened to call the police. = ke-ikan-o yobi-masu-to i-tte odo-shita Do you mean to threaten? = odo-su ki-desu-ka

three.[ san, mi-ttsu ] thresh.[ da-kkoku-suru, momi-gara-o torn ] threshold.[ shiki-i, iri-guchi ] thrive.[ saka-eru, sakan-de-aru ] ex. Our business is thriving. = watashi-tachi-no shi-goto-

wa ju-n-cho-desu Education thrives in Japan. = nihon-wa kyd-iku-ga sakan-desu

throat.[ nodo] ex. He cleared his throat. = kare-wa seki-bara-i-o shita

throne.[ oza, o-i ] throng.[ gu-n-shu, mura-garu ] ex. People thronged the President. = hito-bito-wa da-i-

tOryo-ni mura-ga-tta

through.[ to-o-shite, choku-tsu-no, owa-tte ] ex. The rain lasted all through the night. = ame-wa hito-banjO furi-tsuzu-ita It was through him that I knew her. = kanojo-o shi-tta-no-wa kare-o tsOjite-deshi-ta Are you through with your homework? = shuku-da-i-wa su-mimashi-ta-ka I will be through in a minute. = sugu-ni owari-masu He committed an error through carelessness.= kare-wa fu-chd-i-kara ma-chiga-i-o shita Now we are

366

throw-tie through for today. = sa kyd-wa kore-de owari-desu

跋

a

through train = choku-tsu re-ssha

throw.[ nage-ru ] ex. He is throwing the stone into the river. = kare-wa kawa-ni

i-shi-o nage-te-i-masu

thumb.[ oya-yubi ] ex. He pinched ms thumb in the door. = kare-wa oya-yubi-o

do-a-ni hasan-da

thunder.[ kami-nari, kami-nari-ga naru ] ex. It thundered，but no rain fell. = kami-nari-ga na-tta-

kere~domo ame-wa fura-naka-tta

Thursday.[ moku-yobi ] 跋

next Thursday = kondo-no moku-yobi

thus.[ kono yoni ] ex. He spoke thus. = kare-wa kono yoni i-tta

ticket.[ ki-ppu, nyujo-ken ] ex. Do you want a single or a return ticket? = kata-michi kippu-ga hoshi-i-no-desu-ka sore-tomo ofuku-desuka Admission by ticket alone. = ki-ppu jisan-no kata-ni kagi-ri-masu

tickle.[ kusu-guru, kusu-gu-tta-i ] ex. My nose tickles. = hana-ga muzu-muzu-suru

tide.[ shi-o] ex. We go fishing at full tide and at low tide we gather shells.=

watashi-tachi-wa man-cho-no toki tsuri-o shite kancho-no toki-wa ka-i-o a-tsume-masu

tie.[ himo, musu-bu, kizu-na，tsuna-gu ] ex. We are united by some invisible tie. = watashi-tachi-wa

aru mi-e-na-i himo-de musu-bare-te-iru They strength¬ ened the ties of friendship. = karera-wa yujo-no kizu-na-o tsuyo-meta I tied my dog to a tree. = watashi-wa inu-o ki-ni tsuna-i-da I am tied to my work all day. = watashiwa ichi-nichi-jo shi-goto-ni shiba-rare-te-iru

367

tiger-tin

tiger.[ tora] tight.[ kitsu-i ] ex. My belt is too tight. = beru-to-ga kitsu-sugi-masu 跋

a tight schedule = gi-sshiri tsuma-tta ni-tte-i

tighten.[ smme-ru ] ex. I tightened my belt. = watashi-wa beru-to-o shime-ta

till.[ made ] ex. Go straight on till you come to a bridge. = hashi-ni tsukumade ma-ssugu yuki-nasa-i

It became darker and darker,

till he could see nothing. = dandan kura-ku na-tte tsu-i-ni nani-mo mi-e-naku-na-tta

timber.[ za-i-moku ] ex. He is a dealer in timber. = kare-wa za-i-moku-ya-desu

time.[ jikan, ~ ba-i, ~ ka-i ] ex. Don’t waste your time. = jikan-o muda-ni shite-wa-ikemasen

This is the time when good children should be in bed.

=yo-i ko-wa mO neru jikan-desu-yo

It’s time for us to

go home. = watashi-tachi-wa mo uchi-ni ka-eru jikandesu

What time shall I come tomorrow? = myo-nichi nan-

j•卜ni ma-iri-masho-ka

We had a merry time singing and

dancing. = uta-ttari odo-ttari-shite yuka-i-ni sugo-shimashi-ta

Take your time. = ddzo go-yu-kkuri shite-

kudasa-i

What is the time? = ima nan-ji-desu-ka

time for lunch. = chOshoku-no jikan-desu-yo in time. = sono-uchi wakaru-deshd hajime-te =toki-doki

^ on time = jikan do-ori 防

跋

It’s

You will see

for the first time =

跋

from time to time

three times faster = san-ba-i-mo hayaku

timetable.[ jikan-hyO] timid.[ oku-byo-na ] ex. That fellow is as timid as a rabbit. = a-itsu-wa u-sagi-no yOni oku-byO-da ex. This bottle is made of tin. = kono bin-wa suzu-se-i-

368

tingaling-together desu

咏

tin plate =

bu-riki

跋

tinned food =

kan-zume

tingaling.[ chi-rin chi-rin ] tip1.[hashi, saki, sen-tan ] 防

the northern tip of the island =

shima-no hoku-tan

tip2.[ kokoro-zuke, chi-ppu ] 防

tip a waiter =

uei-ta-ni chi-ppu-o yarn

tire1.[ta-iya ] tire“.[ tsuka-reru, tsuka-re-sa-seru, akiru ] kono shi-goto-wa tsuka-re= kodomo-wa ak卜yasu-i

ex. This work tires me. =

masu

Children tire easily.

tired.[ tsuka-reta, akita ] watashiwa ma-i-nichi ma-i-nichi o-naji koto-o suru-no-ni akimashi-ta She was tired out after the game. = shi-a-i-no ato ka-nojo-wa tsuka-re-ki-tte-ita ex. I am tired of doing the same thing day after day. =

tiresome.[ aki-aki-suru, ta-i-kutsu-na ] kare-no en-zetsu-wa ta-i-

ex. His speech is tiresome. =

kutsu-da

title.[ da-ime-i, da-i ] ^

hon-no da-ime-i ex. There is no title sono kyoku-niwa da-ime-i-ga ari-masen

the title off a book =

to the music. =

today.[ kyo, genda-i, kon-nichi-dewa ] kyo-no shin-bu-n-o mihome today. = haha-wa kyO

ex. Have you seen today’s paper? =

mashi-ta-ka Mother is not at fuza-i-desu Today there are few Japanese who cannot read. =kon-nichi-dewa ji-o yome-na-i nihon-jin-wa sukuna-i

toe.[ tsuma-saki ] ex. My shoes are tight at the toes. =

watashi-no kutsu-wa

tsuma-saki-ga kitsu-i

together.[ i-ssho-ni, tsuzu-kete ] ex.

Let’s sing all together. =

masho

min-na

•卜ssho-ni uta-iwatashi-wa

I worked hard for hours together. =

369

toil-too nan-jikan-mo tsuzu-kete shi-goto-o shi-mashi-ta

toil.[ i-ssho-ken-me-i hata-raku, kotsu-kotsu hata-raku ] csr toil for money = kane-no tame-ni kotsu-kotsu hata-

raku

toilet.[ to-ire, o-te-ara-i, sen-men-jo] ex. The toilet is at the end of the corridor. = o-te-ara-i-wa

roka-no tsuki-ata-ri-ni ari-masu

token.[ shiru-shi, ki-nen-hin ] ex. We bow in token of respect. = watashi-tachi-wa ke-i-i-

no shiru-shi-ni re-i-o shi-masu no shiru-shi

a token of love = a-i-

tomb.[ haka ] (= grave) tomboy.[ o-tenba-mu-sume ] tombstone.[ haka-i-shi ] tomorrow.[ myo-nichi, asu, a-shita, mira-i ] ex. If it is fine, I’ll go fishing tomorrow. = asu tenki-nara tsuri-

ni yuki-masu People tomorrow will have different ideas.= mira-i-no hito-wa chiga-tta kanga-e-o motsudesho 防 the day after tomorrow = asa-tte, myogo-nichi

tone.[ ne-iro, choshi, kucho] ex. He speaks in an angry tone. = kare-wa oko-tta yona

kucho-de hana-sm-masu 跋 sweet tones of a flute = furuto-no u-tsuku-shi-i ne-iro 跋 a friendly tone = shinsetsu-na chdshi

tongue.[ shita, koku-go] ex. Put out your tongue. — shita-o da-shi-nasa-i

Japanese

is our mother tongue. = nihon-go-wa watashi-tachi-no bo-

koku-go-desu

tonight.[ kon-ya ] ex. How beautiful the stars are tonight! = kon-ya-wa hoshi-ga

nanto kire-i-nan-desho

too.[〜mo mata, ama-ri ~ sugi-ru ] 370

tool-tortoise ex. “She lives in Detroit.” “Me too.” =「ka-nojo-wa Deto-ro

ito-ni su-nde-i-masu」「watashi-mo-desuj You cannot be too careful about spelling. = tsu-zuri-niwa ikura chO-ishite-mo shi-sugi-ru-to yO koto-wa na-i She was too much for me. = ka-nojo-wa to-temo watash卜no te-ni oe-naka-tta

tool.[ dogu ] ex. Carpenters use various tools when they build a house. = da-

iKu-wa uchi-o tate-ru toki sama-zama-na dogu-o tsuka-卜masu Books are the tools of a scholar. = hon-wa gaku-sha-no dOgu-desu

tooth.[ ha] toothache.[ ha-ita, shi-tsu ] ex. I have a bad toothache. = hido-ku ha-ga ita-i

toothpick.[ yoji, tsuma-yoji ] top1.[chojo] ^ the top of a map = chizu-no jobu 防 the top student = shu-seki-no gaku-se-i the top of bottle = bi-n-no futa 防

at the top of a hill = oka-no chojo-de

top2.[ koma ] ex. The boys are spinning tops. = shDnen-tacm-wa koma-o

mawa-shite-iru

topic.[ wada-i ] ex. He changed the topic of conversation. = kare-wa ka-iwa-

no wada-i-o ka-e-mashi-ta

Are you interested in current

topics? = a-nata-wa jiji-monda-i-ni kyomi-ga ari-masu-

ka

torch.[ ta-ima-tsu ] ex. Torches are lighted. = ta-ima-tsu-ga tomo-sareta

torment.[ kuru-shime-ru, nayama-su ] ex. I am tormented with a toothache. = shi-tsu-ni nayama-

sarete-iru

tortoise.[ kame ] 371

torture-towards

torture.[ kuru-shime-ru ] toss.[ nage-a-geru ] ex. He tossed away a cigarette butt. = kare-wa su-•卜gara-o

nage-su-teta

total.[ soke-i-no, sogaku ] ex. Our expenses reached a total of £100. = watashi-tachi-no

shu-ppi-wa sogaku hyaku-pondo-ni ta-sshita

touch.[ sawa-ru, kando-sase-ru ]

fure-ru,

se-sshoku-suru,

ex. Don’t touch this picture. = kono e-ni sawa-tte-wa-ike-

na-i Her story touched us all. = ka-nojo-no hana-shi-ni min-na kando-shi-mashi-ta I won’t touch the subject here. =koko-dewa sono monda-i-ni fure-na-i koto-ni shimasu

touch-and-go.[ i-sshoku-soku-hatsu-no, abuna-i, kiwa-do-i ] 跋

a touch-and-go situation = kiwa-do-i jOkyO

touching.[ awa-re-na, i-tama-shi-i ] 跋

a touching incident = i-tama-shi-i jiko

touchstone.[ shi-kin-seki ] tough.[ jobu-na, ganjo-na] ex. He was a tough worker. = kare-wa ganjo-na hata-raki-

te-desu 球 a tough wire = tsuyo-i hari-gane 琢 a tough guy = takuma-sh •卜i otoko ぽ a tough competition = kibishi-i kyOsO

tour.[ kanko-ryoko ] ex. He made a tour around the world. = kare-wa seka-i-i-

sshO-ryokO-o shita

%

tourist.[ kanko-kyaku ] ex. Many tourists visit Japan from every part of the world.=

seka-i kaku-chi-kara nihon-o oto-zure-masu

taku-san-no

kanko-kyaku-ga

towards.[〜no ho-e, ~ ni ta-i-suru ] 372

tower-trade ex. The birds are flying towards the north. = tori-wa kita-no

ho-e tonde-iru His attitude towards us was so cool. = wareware-ni ta-i-suru kare-no ta-ido-wa ta-ihen re-itan-datta

tower.[ to, tawa ] a control tower = kanse-i-W

to

防

防

Eiffel Tower = E-fferu-

Tokyo Tower = Tokyo-tawa

town.[ machi, toka-i ] ex. I would rather live in a town than in the country. = watashi-

wa i-naka yori-mo dochira-ka-to i-eba toka-i-ni sumita-i-to omo-tte-i-masu

toy.[ omo-cha ] ex. Children like to play with toys. = kodomo-wa omo-cha-

de aso-bu-no-ga suki-desu

trace.[ kaku, ato, ato-o tado-ru ] ex. The designer traced out the plan of my house. = sono se-

kke-i-sha-wa watashi-no uchi-no se-kke-i-zu-o kaita We traced the footsteps in the snow. = watashi-tachi-wa yuki-no u-e-no a-shi-ato-o tado-tte-i-tta There was no trace of struggle in the room. = heya-niwa araso-tta ato-wa ma-ttaku naka-tta

track.[ a-shi-ato] ex. We followed the tracks of the car. = watashi-tachi-wa

kuruma-no ato-o tado-tta

trade.[ bo-eki-suru, shita-dori-suru ]

aki-na-u,

kokan-suru,

ex. This company trades in furniture. = kono ka-i-sha-wa

kagu-o aki-na-tte-i-masu The firm trades with Australia.= sono shosha-wa Osuto-rar'ha-to bd-eki-shite-imasu It would be better for you to trade in your old car for a new one. = shin-sha-o ka-u-no-ni furu-i kuruma-o shitadori-shite-mora-tta ho-ga i-i-desu-yo

trade name.[ shohin-me-i ] 373

trader-trample

trader.[ shonin ] ex. He was a foreign trader. = kare-wa bo-eki-shonin-desu

tradition.[ dento, den-setsu ] ex. The English people value their tradition. = e-卜koku-min-

wa ji-koku-no dento-o omon-jiru According to tradition, a dragon lived in the lake. = den-setsu-ni yoreba sono mizu-umi-niwa ryu-ga su-nde-ita-soda

traffic.[ ora-i, kotsu ] ex. The street has a lot of traffic. = sono to-ori-wa kotsu-ryo-

ga oo-i Traffic accidents are increasing in number year by year. = kotsu-jiko-wa nen-nen fu-ete-iru tragedy.[ hi-geki ] comedy = ki-geki) ex. Her suicide is a case of “war tragedy.” = ka-nojo-no jisatsu-wa rsenso-no hi-gekij-no ichi-re-i-desu

tragic.[ hi-geki-no, hisan-na ] ex. The railway accident was the most tragic event I had ever ex¬ perienced. =sono tetsu-do jiko-wa watashi-ga ke-iken-

shita mo-ttomo hisan-na jiken-deshi-ta

trail.[ hiki-zuru, tsu-ite-yuku ] ex. The children trailed the parade. = kodomo-tachi-wa

par&do-ni tsu-ite-i-tta

train.[ re-ssha, ku-n-ren-suru ] ex. We went to Tokyo by train. = watashi-tachi-wa re-ssha-

de Tokyo-e yuki-mashi-ta Helen was trained as a nurse. =Heren-wa kango-fu-to-shite ku-n-ren-o uke-mashita

training.[ ku-n-ren ] ex. A jet-pilot requires special training. = je-tto-ki-no sojO-

snhwa sen-mon-no ku-n-ren-o uke-neba-nari-masen

traitor.[ han-gyaku-sha, ura-giri-mono ] ex. Caesar was murdered by traitors. = ST-za-wa han-gyaku-

sha-ni koro-sare-mashi-ta

trample.[ fumi-tsuke-ru, fumi-tsubu-su ] 374

tranquil-transportation ex. The boys trampled the flower. = shonen-tachi-wa hana-o

fumi-tsuke-ta

tranquil.[ shizuka-na, he-i-on-na] 防

a tranquil life = he-i-on-na se-i-katsu

防

the tranquil

surface of a pond = shizuka-na ike-no su-imen

transcribe.[ kaki-ka-eru, kaki-na-osu ] transfer.[ u-tsusu, nori-ka-eru ] ex. He transferred the book from the desk to the shelf. = kare-

wa hon-o tsuku-e-kara tana-e u-tsu-shi-mashi-ta I transferred from the train to the steamer. = watashi-wa ressha-kara fune-ni nori-ka-e-mashi-ta I transferred the property to my son. = watashi-wa za-isan-o mu-suko-ni yuzu-ri-mashi-ta

transform.[ ka-eru, henke-i-sa-seru ] ex. Transform each sentence into passive sentences. = sore-

zore-no bu-n-o u-kemi-no bu-n-ni ka-e-nasa-i A worm transforms itself into a fly. = uji-mushi-wa ha-e-ni naru

translate.[ hon-yaku-suru ] ex. He translated a French poem into English. = kare-wa Fu-

ransu-no shi-o e-igo-ni hon-yaku-shita

translation.[ hon-yaku ] tsr literal translation = choku-yaku =i-yaku

跋

跋

liberal (free) translation

in translation = hon-yaku-de

transparent.[ tome-i-na, mi-e-su-ita ] ex. The sky was clear as a transparent sapphire. = sora-wa

tome-i-na safa-i-a-no ydni su-nde-i-mashi-ta transparent excuse = mi-e-su-ita i-i-wake

^ a

transport.[ yuso, yuso-suru, yuso-sen ] ex. Our job was to transport goods from Boston to New York.=

wareware-no shi-goto-wa shohin-o Bosu-ton-kara Nyuyoku-e yuso-suru koto-deshi-ta

transportation.[ yuso, u-nso] ex. All transportation came to a stop during the storm. = su-

375

trap-treasury bete-no yuso-wa arashi-no a-ida te-i-shi-shi-ta

trap.[ wana, ke-i-ryaku, wana-ni kaka-ru ] ex. He fell into my trap. = kare-wa watashi-no ke-i-ryaku-

ni kaka-tta

travel.[ ryoko, ryoko-suru, susu-mu ] ex. Did you enjoy your travels in Europe? = yoro-ppa ryoko-

wa tano-shika-tta-desu-ka Light travels faster than sound. =hikari-wa oto-yori-mo hayaku susu-mi-masu 防 travel around the world = seka-i i-sshu-ryoko-o suru travel agency = ryoko an-na-i-jo

traveler.[ ryoko-sha ] traveling.[ ju-nka-i-no] 跋

a traveling library = ju-nka-i tosho-kan

traverse.[ yoko-giru, odan-suru ] ex. The railway traverses the desert. == sono tetsu-do-wa sa-

baku-o odan-shite-iru

tray.[ bon ] ex. Where is the ash tray? = ha-i-zara-wa doko-ni an-

masu-ka

treacherous.[ ura-giri-no] ex. The treacherous soldier carried reports to the enemy. = ura-

giri-mono-no he-ita-i-wa teki-ni tsoho-shita

tread.[ fumu, aru-ku ] ex. She trod lightly so as not to wake the baby. = ka-nojo-wa

akan-bO-o okosa-na-i yoni so-tto aru-ita Don’t tread on the flower beds. = kadan-o fu-n-dewa-ike-masen

treasure.[ za-iho, takara-mono, ta-i-setsu-ni suru ] , 跋

national treasures = koku-hd

ex. He treasures the watch

his father gave him. = kare-wa chichi-oya-ga kure-ta

toke-i-o ta-i-setsu-ni shite-i-masu

treasury.[ hoko] ex. Books are often regarded as a treasury of information.=

376

treat-trick hon-wa shiba-shiba chi-shiki-no hoko-to kanga-e-rareru

treat.[ a-tsuka-u, ogo-ru ] ex. He treats us like his own children. = kare-wa watashi-

tachi-o jibu-n-no kodomo-no yoni a-tsuka-u

I treated

the child to an ice cream. = watashi-wa sono ko-ni a-isu-

kunmu-o ogo-tta ogo-ri-desu

This is my treat. = kore-wa watashi-no

treatment.[ tori-a-tsuka-i, chiryo-ho] ex. She is under treatment in hospital. = ka-nojo-wa nyu-in-

shite chiryo-chu-desu

treaty.[ joyaku, kyote-i ] ex. The peace treaty was signed in San Francisco. = he-iwa

joyaku-wa san-furan-sisu-ko-de chd-in-sare-mashi-ta

tree.[ ki ] ex. There is a lot of fruit on that tree. = ano ki-niwa taku-

san-no mi-ga na-tte-i-masu

tremble.[ furu-eru ] ex. I trembled at his words. = watashi-wa kare-no kotoba-o

ki-ite furu-e-aga-tta

tremendous.[ susa-maji-i, mono-sugo-i ] ex. The ship was sunk by a tremendous explosion. = sono

fune-wa susa-maji_i baku-hatsu-o oko-shite shizunda ^ a tremendous expenditure = baku-da-i-na shu-ppi

trial.[ tame-shi, sa-iban ] ex. His trial period ends next week. = kare-no shiyo-kikan-

wa ra-i-shO-de owari-desu

She is on trial for shoplifting.

=ka-nojo-wa man-biki-de sa-iban-cho-desu flight = shiken hiko

防

^ trial trial and error = shiko saku-go

triangle.[ san-kaku-ke-i ] tribe.[ shu-zoku, bu-zoku, naka-ma ] trick.[ ge-ito, ge-i, hi-ketsu, kake-hiki, damasu ] 377

trifle-trophy ex. My dog knows no tricks. = watashi-no inu-wa ge-i-o

shi-na-i 跋 the trick of swimming = su-i-e-i-no hiketsu 防 learn the tricks of the trade = shoba-i-no torihiki-o obo-eru I was tricked by his flattery. = watashi-wa kare-no uma-i kotoba-ni dama-sare-mashi-ta

trifle.[ tsumara-na-i suko-shi ]

koto,

sasa-i-na

koto,

ex. Don’t quarrel over trifles. = sasa-i-na koto-de kenka-

suru-na She was forced to buy a trifle. = ka-nojo-wa tsumara-na-i-mono-o kawa-sare-te-shima-tta He seems a trifle angry. = kare-wa suko-shi oko-tte-iru-rashi-i

trifling.[ sasa-i-na] ex. Don’t be nervous about such a trifling error. = son-na

sasa-i-na aya-machi-o Ki-ni kake-tewa-ike-na-i

trim.[ kari-komu ] ex. Father is trimming the hedge. = o-to-san-wa kaki-ne-o

kire-i-ni kari-konde-i-masu

trip.[ ryoko, tabi ] ex. I am going to make a weekend trip to the seaside.=

watashi-wa shu-matsu ka-igan-e ryoko-suru yote-idesu

triumph.[ shori ] ex. The construction of the big ship is a triumph in modern en¬ gineering. =sono kyoda-i-sen-no kenzd-wa kinda-i

kogaku-no shori-desu

trivial.[ sasa-i-na, he-ibon-na ] 跋

trivial mistakes = sasa-i-na aya-mari

=he-ibon-na shi-goto

球

the trivial tasks

%

troop.[ mure, gu-nta-i ] 球

a troop of monkeys = saru-no mure

ex. The general will

lead his troops to victory. = shdgu-n-wa gu-nta-i-o shOri-ni

micm-biku-dard

trophy.[ torofT, yusho ki-nen ] 378

tropical-trust

tropical.[ ne-tta-i-no] ex. There are some tropical vegetation in the garden. = niwa-

niwa masu

iku-tsu-ka-no 防

ne-tta-i-shoku-butsu-mo

ari-

tropical fish = ne-tta-i-gyo

trouble.[ koma-rase-ru， kuno]

shinpa-i,

nayami,

ex. I’m sorry to trouble you, but will you call me around six?=

go-me-i-waku-desho-ga roku-ji-goro denwa-shite-itadake-masen-ka Let me trouble you with one more question. =sumi-masen-ga mo hito-tsu tazu-ne-ta-i koto-ga arimasu May I trouble you to pass me the salt? = sumimasen-ga shi-o-o to-tte-kure-masen-ka There arose political troubles between the countries. = ryokoku-kan-ni se-iji-teki monda-i-ga oko-tta

troublesome.[ ya-kka-i-na, mendo-na ] ex. That is just a troublesome job. = sore-wa cho-tto ya-

kka-i-na shi-goto-da

trousers.[ zu-bon ] ex. I bought a pair of trousers at the shop. = watashi-wa sono

mise-de zu-bon-o i-ppon ka-i-mashi-ta

truck.[ tora-kku ] ex. The farmer carried the vegetables to the market by truck.=

nofu-wa yasa-i-o tora-kku-de ichi-ba-e hakon-da (一 false = nise-no) ex. Is it true that you are going to study abroad? = a-nata-ga ryOgaku-suru-to yu-no-wa hontD-desu-ka True, he did his best, but he wasn’t careful enough. = naru-hodo kare-wa sa-izen-o tsuku-shita-ga chu-i-ga tari-naka-tta The same is true of Japan. = o-naji koto-ga nihon-nimo atehama-r卜masu 防 a true diamond = hon-mono-no da-

true.[ hontO-no ]

iya-mondo

trust.[ shin-yo, shin-yo-suru, azu-keru ] ex. He is not a man to be trusted. = kare-wa shin-yo deki-ru

379

truth-turn hito-dewa-na-i I can’t trust my money to him. = kare-niwa kane-o azu-keru koto-wa deki-masen

truth.[ shin-jitsu, shinri ] ex. The truth is I forgot to phone him. = jitsu-wa kare-ni de-

nwa-suru-no-o wasu-reta-no-desu To tell the truth, I can’t agree to your plan. = jitsu-o i-eba watashi-wa anata-no ke-卜kaku-niwa dd-i-deki-masen

try.[ tame-su, do-ryoku-suru, ya-tte-miru ] ex. Try it again. = mo ich卜do ya-tte-goran-nasa-i

May I

try this shirt on? = kono sha-tsu-o tame-shi-ni kite-mo i-

i-desu-ka

trying.[ tsura-i ] 跋

a trying situation = tsura-i tachi-ba

tub.[ oke ] Tuesday.[ ka-yobi ] 跋

Tuesday afternoon = ka-yobi-no gooo

on Tuesday =

咏

ka-ydbi-ni

tulip.[ churi-ppu ] tumble.[ ta-o-reru, koro-geru ] ex. She tumbled down the stairs. = ka-nojo-wa ka-idan-kara

koro-ge-ochi-ta 琢 tumble from a horse = uma-kara koro-ge-ochi-ru，raku-ba-suru

tuna (tuna fish).[ magu-ro] tune.[ kyoku, merodT, chowa ] ex. What he says is out of tune with what he does. = kare-no

yO koto-wa kare-no oko-na-i-to i-tchi-shi-na-i tunes = sanbi-ka-no mcrodT

防

hymn

tunnel.[ ton-neru ] turf.[ shiba-fu ] ex. I covered my garden with turf. = watashi~wa niwa-ni shi-

ba-fu-o u-eta

turkey.[ shichi-men-cho] turn.[ mawasu, muki-o ka-eru, ka-esu, ju-n380

turnout-twist

ban ] ex. He turned his horse round in haste. = kare-wa iso-ide

uma~no muki-o ka-eta Turn the page over. = pey7-o meku-ri-nasa-i The girl turned to me. = shojo-wa watashi-no ho-o furi-mu-ita The rumor turned out to be true. = sono u-wasa-wa hontd-da-to waka-tta Whose turn is it? = dare-no ban-desu-ka It’s your turn to sing.= kimi-ga uta-u ban-da-yo The wind turned to the south.= kaze-wa mi-nami-muki-ni kawa-tta

turnout.[ shu-sseki-sha ] (= attendant) tutor.[ kate-i-kyoshi, kojin-kyoju-o suru ] 防

tutor private students in Japanese = se-ito-ni nihon-go-o

kojin-kyoju-suru

twelfth.[ da-i-ju-ni, jQ-n卜ban-me ] twelve.[ ju-ni ] twentieth.[ da-i-ni-ju, ni-ju-ban-me ] twenty.[ ni-ju ] twice.[ ni-do, ni-ba-i ] ex. I have been abroad twice. = watashi-wa ni-do ga-i-

koku-e i-tta koto-ga ari-masu ni-ba-i-wa yon-de-aru

Twice two is four. = ni-no

twig.[ ko-eda ] twilight.[ taso-gare ] 防

at twilight = taso-gare-doki-ni

twin.[ futa-go ] ex. My sister and I are twins. = ane-to watashi-wa futa-go-

desu

twinkle.[ pika-pika hika-ru, kaga-yaku ] ex. Stars are twinkling in the sky. = hoshi-ga sora-ni pika-

pika hika-tte-iru

twist.[ neji-ru ] ex. He twisted a wet cloth. = kare-wa nure-ta nuno-o

shibo-tta

I twisted my ankle. = watashi-wa a-shi-kubi-o

381

two-tyre nenza-shita

two.[ ni, futa-tsu ] type.[ kata, tenke-i, ka-tsuji ] ex. She can type 50 words a minute. = ka-nojo-wa i-ppun-

kan-ni go-ju-ji ute-masu sa-i-shin-shiki-no fune

跋

a ship of the newest type =

typewriter.[ ta-ipu-ra-ita] typhoon.[ ta-ifu ] typical.[ tenke-i-teki-na] ex. It is typical of her to do that. =

so suru-no-wa ika-nimo

ka-nojo-rashi-i

typist.[ ta-ipi-suto] ex. She worked as a typist. = ka-nojo-wa ta-ipi-suto-to-

shite hata-ra-ita

tyranny.[ bo-gyaku, bose-i ] ex. The Romans suffered from Nero’s tyranny. = Roma koku-

min-wa Nero-no bose-i-ni kuru-shinda

tyrant.[ boku-n ] ex. The Roman Emperor Nero was a tyrant. = Roma kote-i

Nero-wa boku-n-deshi-ta

tyre.[ ta-iya ] (= tire)

382

ugly.[ mi-niku-i, fu-yuka-i-na,] an ugly story = fu-yuka-i-na hana-shi

球

an ugly figure

=mi-niku-i

ultimate.[ sa-i-shu-no, kyu-kyoku-no] ex. The ultimate end of the United Nations lies in securing world = koku-ren-no kyu-kyoku-no seka-i-he-iwa-no hoshd-ni ari-masu peace.

moku-teki-wa

umbrella.[ kasa, komori-gasa ] ex. Take an umbrella with you. = kasa-o mo-tte yuki-nasa-

i 跋 under the umbrella of the security treaty = an-zen hosho joyaku-no moto-de

unable.[ deki-na-i ] ex. He was unable to reach the summit. = kare-wa chojo-ni

to-tatsu-deki-naka-tta

unanimous.[ manjo i-tchi-no, igi-no na-i, doiken-no] ex. Critics are unanimous about it. = hyoron-ka-tachi-wa

sore-ni tsu-ite do-iken-deshi-ta

unaware.[ ki-zuka-na-i ] ex. I was unaware of the danger. = watashi-wa kiken-ni ki-

zuka-naka-tta

unbecoming.[ fusa-wa-shiku-na-i, na ] 防 防

fu-tekito-

unbecoming clothes = fusa-wa-shiku-na-i fukuso language unbecoming to an educated person = kyo-iku-

no-aru hito-niwa fusa-wa-shiku-na-i kotoba

unbelievable.[ shinji-rare-na-i ] uncertain.[ ta-shika-de-na-i, wakara-na-i ] ex. We are quite uncertain which side will win. = dochira-ga

383

uncle-underground katsu-ka ma-ttaku wakara-na-i

It is uncertain whether he

will agree. = kare-ga dd-i-suru-ka do-ka ta-shika-dewana-i

uncle.[ oji ] ex. My uncle is very fond of fishing. = watashi-no oji-wa tsuri-ga da-i-suki-desu

uncomfortable.[ fuka-i-na, koko-ch•卜yoku-na-

i] ex. This room is quite uncomfortable to live in. = kono heyawa ma-ttaku i-goko-chi-ga yoku-na-i

uncommon.[ mezura-shi-i, ijo-na ] ex. We can see uncommon insects in a museum. = hakubutsu-kan-dewa mezura-shi-i kon-chO-o miru kotoga deki-masu

unconditional.[ mu-joken-no] 防

demand unconditional surrender = mu-jDken kofuku-o

ydkyO-suru

unconscious.[ ki-zuka-na-i, no]

i-shiki-fume-i-

ex. I am unconscious of having said so. = watashi-wa so i-tta obo-e-wa ari-masen

uncover.[ o-o-i-o torn, uchi-akeru ] 防

uncover a dish of food = rydri-no o-o-i-o toru

under.[ shita-ni, shita-de,〜chu ] ex. This road is under repair. = kono ddro-wa shuri-chudesu

跋

under the tree = ki-no shita-de

跋

under these

circumstances = kono yona jOkyd-no moto-dewa

undergo.[ u-keru, ke-iken-suru ] ex. He underwent an operation. = kare-wa shu-jutsu-o uketa

underground.[ chika-no,

tetSU

chika-de,

chika-

] (= subway)

ex. Some workers work underground. = chika-de hata-raku

384

understand-unemployment hito-mo i-masu

understand.[ rika-i-suru, wakaru ] ex. I don’t understand you. = watashi-wa a-nata-no yO koto-ga wakara-na-i

Do you understand what I say?=

watashi-no yu koto-ga o-wakari-desu-ka

understanding.[ rika-i, sogo-rika-i ] ex. First of all we should have a clear understanding of the situa¬ tion. =mazu da-i-ichi-ni watashi-tachi-wa jdse-i-o mei-kaku-ni rika-i-shi-nakeィeba-nara-na-i

I have a good

understanding with him. = watashi-wa kare-o yoku rika-ishite-i-masu

undertaking.[ kigyo, jigyo] 防

the promising undertaking = yQbd-na jigyo

undo.[ hazu-su, moto-do-ori-ni suru ] undo a tie (a button) = neku-ta-i-o torn (botan-o hazu-

跋

su)

What is done cannot be undone. = ichi-do shita koto-

wa moto-niwa modo-ra-na-i

undoubtedly.[ ma-chiga-i-naku, naku ]

u-taga-i-

ex. You will undoubtedly succeed on the examination. = anata-wa ma-chiga-i-naku shiken-ni gdkaku-suru-deshd

undreamed-of.[ yume-nimo omo-wa-na-i ] 膝

undreamed-of luck = yume-nimo omo-wa-na-i kd-u-n

uneasy.[ fu-an-na, ki-ni kaka-ru, ochi-tsukiga na-i ] ex. We passed an uneasy night at the country inn. = watashitachi-wa i-naka-no yado-de fu-an-na ichi-ya-o sugoshita

I feel uneasy about my future. = watashi-wa shdra-i-

no koto-ga ki-ni kaka-ru

unemployment.[ shitsu-gyo] ex. There is less unemployment now than there was six months ago. = genza-i-wa ro-kka-getsu ma-e-yori-mo snitsuovo-wa suku-na-i

^ unemployment insurance = shitsu-

385

unexpectedly-unique gyo hoken

unexpectedly.[ omo-i-gake-naku ] ex. It happened quite unexpectedly. = sore-wa ma-ttaku omo-i-gake-naku oko-tta

unfair.[ fu-kohe-i-na, futo-na ] 跋

unfair advantage = futo-na ri-eki

unfit.[ teki-to-de-na-i, fu-muki-na] 跋

books unfit for children = kodomo-niwa fu-muki-na hon

unfortunate.[ fu-u-n-na, fuko-na ] ex. That accident is very unfortunate for him. = sono jiko-wa kare-ni to-tte ta-ihen fu-u-n-deshi-ta

ungrammatical.[ bu-npo-teki-ni tada-shiku-nai] ungrateful.[ on-shira-zu-na ] 跋

an ungrateful person = on-shira-zu-na hito

unhappy.[ fuko-na ] ex. When young, he lost his parents and lived an unhappy life.= kare-wa waka-i toki ryoshin-o naku-shite fuko-na se-ikatsu-o oku-tta

UNICEF = United Nations (International) Children's (Emergency) Fund.[ koku-sa-i rengo jido

kinkyu kikin ] uniform.[ o-naji-no, se-i-fuku ] ex. This room is kept at a uniform temperature throughout the year. = kono heya-wa ichi-nen-o tsoji-te o-naji ondo-ni tamo-tare-te-i-masu

union.[ ketsu-go, wago] ex. They lived happily in perfect union. = karera-wa ta-ihen naka-yoku kdfuku-ni kura-shita

unique.[ doku-toku-no, tad a hito-tsu-no] ex. This coin is unique in the world. = kono ko-in-wa seka-ide tada hito-tsu-dake-desu

I had a unique experience on

my trip. = watashi-wa ryoko-de mezura-shi-i ke-iken-o

386

unite unlike 一

shi-mashi-ta

unite.[ ketsu-go-suru, chikara-o awa-seru ] ex. Mercury will not unit with other metals. = su-i-gin-wa tano kin-zoku-towa yugo-shi-na~i

Let us unite in fighting pover¬

ty. =binbo-to tataka-u-no-ni chikara-o awa-se-masho

United Nations.[ koku-sa-i rengo] United States.[ ame-rika ga-sshu-koku ] universal.[ zen-seka-i-no] 防

universal peace = seka-i he-iwa

universe.[ uchu ] ex. Our earth is but a small part of the universe. = wareware-no chi-kyO-wa uchO-no hon-no ichi-bu-ni sugina-i

university.[ da-i-gaku ] ex. He has passed the entrance examination for the university.= kare-wa

sono

da-i-gaku-no

nyOgaku-shiken-ni

gokaku-sm-mashi-ta

unjust.[fuse-i-na] ex. He was blamed for his unjust conduct. = kare-wa fuse-ina ko-i-no tame-ni hi-nan-sareta

unkind.[ iji-waru-na, fu-shin-setsu-na ] ex. It is very unkind of you to say so. = son-na koto-o yunante a-nata-wa iji-waru-desu

unknown.[ shira-rete-i-na-i, michi-no, mumei-no] ex. He wanted to travel into unknown regions. = kare-wa michi-no chiho-ni ryoko-shi-ta-i-to omo-tta known writer = mume-i-no sa-kka

^ an un¬

^ for some unknown

reason = nani-ka fume-i-na riyu-de

unless.[〜de nake-reba ] ex. I shall go tomorrow unless it rains. = ame-ga fura-nakereba asu yuki-masu

unlike.[ nite-i-na-i, rashi-ku na-i ] 387

unlucky-unusual ex. The twins are quite unlike. = sono futa-go-wa ma-ttaku nite-i-na-i

It is unlike you to be so late. = kon-na-ni

okureru-nante a-nataィashi-ku na-i

unlucky.[ fu-u-n-na，u-n-no waru-i ] 球

an unlucky number = engi-no waru-i kazu

unnecessary.[ fu-hi-tsuyo-na ] ex. Don’t spend money on unnecessary things. = fu-hi-tsuyona mono-ni kane-o kakeru-na

unpleasant.[ fu-yuka-i-na，iya-na ] ex. His speech was unpleasant for me. = kare-no en-zetsuwa watashi-ni to-tte fu-yuka-i-da-tta

unreasonable.[ toho-mo-na-i, hoga-i-na] ex.

What an

unreasonable

price!

=

nante

hoga-i-na

nedan!

unscientific.[ hi-ka-gaku-teki-na ] unspeakable.[ nan-tomo i-e-na-i, kuchi-dewa i-e-na-i ] 防

unspeakable delight = kuchi-dewa i-i-arawa-se-na-i

yorokobi

untninkable.[ omo-i-mo yora-na-i ] 防

unthinkable act = o-mo-i-mo yora-na-i kO-i

until.[ made ] ex. Let’s wait until the rain stops. = ame-ga yamu-made machi-mashd

It was not until yesterday that I heard the news

of the accident. = kinO-ni na-tte hajime-te sono jiko-no nyusu-o kiki-mashi-ta

Until then, I knew nothing at all a-

bout it. = sono toki-made watashi-wa sore~o zenzen shiri-masen-deshi-ta

、

untimely.[ haya-sugi-ru, jiki-o e-na-i ] ^ untimely remarks = toki-o waki-ma-e-na-i hatsu-gen

unusual.[ fu-tsa-de-na-i, mezura-shi-i ] ex. It is unusual for him to be late. = kare-ga okureru-no-wa mezura-shi-i

388

unwilling-used

unwilling.[ ki-ga susu-ma-na-i, iya-garu ] ex. My sister was unwilling to take the examination. = imoto-wa shiken-o u-keru-no-o iya-ga-tta

unworthy.[ kachi-ga na-i ] ex. Such remarks are unworthy to attention. = son-na kotobani cho-i-o hara-u kach卜wa ari-masen

up.[ u-e-no ho-e, nobo-ri-no] ex. The up train arrives at 8. = nobo-ri re-ssha-wa hachi-jini Wchaku-shi-masu

upright.[ ma-ssugu-na, shojiki-na] ex. A tall tree stood upright in front of my house. = watashi~no uchi-no ma-e-ni taka-i ki-ga ma-ssugu ta-tte-i-masu

upset.[ hi-kkuri-ka-esu ] ex. John upset the bottle. = Jon-wa bin-o hi-kkuri-ka-eshita

upside down.[ saka-sa-ni ] ex. Turn the box upside down. = sono hako-o saka-sa-nishi-nasa-i

upstarirs.[ ni-ka-i, ka-ijo-ni ] ex. He went upstairs. = kare-wa ni-ka-i-e aga-tte-i-tta

up-to-date.[ sa-i-shin-shiki-no, genda-i-funa ] us.[ watashi-tachi-o, watashi-tachi-ni ] U.S.A..[ ame-rika ga-sshu-koku ] ex. What is the capital of the U.S.A.? = Ame-rika ga-sshukoku-no shu-to-wa doko-desu-ka

use.[ tsuka-u ] ex. May I use your telephone? = denwa-o karite-mo-yoroshi-i-desu-ka

This book is of great use to me. = ko-no

hon-wa watashi-niwa o-o-i-ni yaku-dachi-masu

used.[ yoku

〜shita-mono-da

]

ex. He used to drink when he was young. = kare-wa waka-i toki-wa yoku nonda-mono-desu

389

usefu 卜 utterly

useful.[ yaku-ni tatsu ] ex. This is a very useful book for young students. = kore-wa waka-i gaku-se-i-ni ta-ihen yaku-ni tatsu hon-desu

useless.[ yaku-ni tata-na-i ] ex. A car would be useless without gasoline. = kuruma-wa gaso-rin-ga nake-reba yaku-ni tachi-masen

usual.[ fu-tsQ-no, i-tsumo-no] ex. I came home at the usual time yesterday. = watashi-wa kind i-tsumo-no jikan-ni ka-eri-mashi-ta

It is usual for

him to be late. = kare-ga okureru-no-wa i-tsumo-nokoto-desu 跋

as is usual with me = i-tsumo-no koto-daga

usually.[ i-tsumo-wa, fu-tsu-wa ] ex. I usually travel by train. = watashi-wa fu-tsu re-ssha-de ryokd-shi-masu

utensil.[ yogu, kigu, yohin ] 膝

kitchen utensils = da-i-dokoro yOhin

ぽ

farming utensils

=nd-kigu

utmost.[ genka-i, gen]

sa-ida-i-gendo,

sa-ida-i-

ex. That is the utmost I can do. = sore-wa watashi-no dekiru genka-i-desu

Utopia.[ riso-kyo ] utter1.[ma-ttaku-no, kan-zen-na ] 防

an utter stranger = aka-no ta-nin

跋

to one’s utter

amazement = ma-ttaku odoro-ita koto-niwa

utter2.[ ko-e-o dasu, nobe-ru ] ex. She uttered a cry of pain. = ka-nojo-wa kutsu-no sakebi-go-e-o ha-sshita

I uttered my feelings. = watashi-wa

jibu-n-no Ki-mochi-o nobe-mashi-ta

utterance.[ hana-shi-buri, hyogen ] 防

a person of good utterance = ben-no tatsu hito

utterly.[ ma-ttaku ] 390

uxorious ex. He came home utterly exhausted. = kare-wa ma-ttaku tsuka-re-ha-tete ka-e-tte-ki-mashi-ta

uxorious.[ oku-san-koko, tsuma-ni ama-i ]

vacancy.[ aki-beya, aki-chi, ketsu-in ] ex. There are a few vacancies in his house. = kare-no uchi-

niwa a-ite-iru heya-ga ni-san ari-masu There is a vacan¬ cy in the accounting department. = ke-iri-bu-ni ichi-me-i-no ketsu-in-ga ari-masu

vacant.[ kara-no ] ex. Here are three vacant seats. = koko-ni kuseki-ga mi-ttsu

ari-masu

vacation.[ yasumi, kyuka ] ex. He is away on a vacation. = kare-wa kyuka-de rusu-

desu

vague.[ a-ima-i-na, baku-zen-to shite-iru, nanto-naku ] ex. He gave me a vague answer. = kare-wa watashi-ni a-

ima-i-na henji-o shita I had a vague feeling of danger.= watashi-wa nanto-naku kiken-o kanji-ta

vain.[ kyo-e-i-shin-no hana-ni kakeru ]

tsuyo-i,

muda-na,

ex. She is vain of her beauty. = ka-nojo-wa u-tsuku-shi-i-

no-o hana-ni kakete-iru All our efforts were in vain.= wareware-no do-ryoku-wa su-bete muda-da-tta

valiant.[ yukan-na ] ex. I was once a valiant soldier. = watashi-wa muka-shi-wa

yukan-na he-i-shi-deshi-ta

、

valley.[ tani ] ex. There was a village in the valley. = tani-ma-ni mura-ga

ari-mashi-ta

valuable.[ kicho-na, koka-na, yaku-ni tatsu ] ex. He is a valuable member of the team. = kare-wa chTmu-

392

value-vary no kicho-na menba-desu This book is valuable for the study of literature. = kono hon-wa bu-n-gaku-no benkyoni yaku-dachi-masu

value.[ kachi, ne-uchi ] ex. Health is of greater value than wealth. = kenko-wa tomi-

yori-mo jOyd-de-aru

vanish.[ ki-eru, mi-e-naku naru ] ex. The jet plane vanished from our sight in a moment. = je-tto-

ki-wa i-sshu-n-no uchi-ni mi-e-naku na-tta

vanity.[ kyo-e-i-shin, muna-shisa ] ex.His vanity caused him to live beyond his income. = kare-wa

kyo-e-卜shin-kara shu-nyu ijo-no kura-shi-o shi-mashita I realized the vanity of life. = watashi-wa hito-no yo-no muna-shisa-o satoィトmashi-ta

vanquish.[ uchi-katsu ] 防

the vanquished = ha-i-boku-sha

vapor.[ joki ] ex. Water changes into vapor when heated. = mizu-wa ne-

sse-rare-ru-to joki~ni nari-masu

vaporize.[ joha-tsu-sa-seru, joha-tsu-suru, kika-suru ] variety.[ sama-zama, tasa-i-sa, tayo-se-i, tashu tayo] ex. The store has a large variety of shoes. = sono mise-niwa

sama-zama-na kutsu-ga ari-masu life = tasa-i-na toka-i se-i-katsu

防

the variety of city

various.[ iro-iro-na ] ex. I tried to do it in various ways. = watashi-wa iro-iro te-o

tsuku-shite ya-tte-mi-mashi-ta

vary.[ chiga-u, machi-de-aru ]

ka-eru,

koto-naru,

machi-

ex. You had better vary your plan. = a-nata-wa ke-i-kaku-o

ka-eta ho-ga i-i

People vary very much in their ideas.=

393

vase-verb hito-no kanga-e-wa hijo-ni machi-machi-desu

vase.[ kabin, tsubo] = ka-nojo-wa

ex. She arranged the flowers in the vase.

kabin-ni hana-o ike-mashi-ta

vast.[ kyoda-i-na, koda-i-na ] 跋

the vast sea

= koda-i-na umi

球

vast wealth

= kyo-

man-no tomi

vault.[ maru-tenjo, chika-shi-tsu ] = kyoka-hno maru-tenjo wine vault = wa-in-no chika chozo-ko the vault of a church

^

a

veal.[ ko-u-shi-no niku ] vegetable.[ yasa-i ] = watashi-tachiwa ma小nichi shin-sen-na yasa-i-o tabe-neba-narimasen

ex. We must eat fresh vegetables every day.

vehicle.[ kuruma, nori-mono ] veil.[ beru, kaku-su J ex. Clouds veiled the sun. 跋

= kumo-ga ta-iyO-o o-o-tta = himi-tsu-no beru-ni tsu-tsu-

under the veil of secrecy

mare-te vein.[

jomyaku ] artery = domyaku) vengeance.[ kata-ki-uchi, fuku-sha, shi-ka-eshi ] ex. He made up his mind to take vengeance.

= kare-wa shi-

ka-e-shi-o suru ke-sshin-o shita

venture.[ boken, omo-i-ki-tte yaru ] ex. He ventured all his wealth on the chance.

= kare-wa zen-

za-isan-o sono chansu-ni kaketa He ventured a flight in a jet plane. = kare-wa omo-i-ki-tte je-tto-ki-de tonde-mimashi-ta

Venus.[ brnasu, bi-to a-i-no me-gami ] verb.[ doshi ] ter transitive verb = ta-doshi

394

跋

intransitive verb

= ji-doshi

verity-victory verify.[ ta-shika-meru,

kaku-nin-suru, shira-

beru ] ex. Please verify the figures in this report.

=

kono hokoku-no

sOji-o kaku-nin-shite-kudasa-i

version.[ hon-yaku ] very.[ hijo-ni, ta-ihen ] watashi-wa ta-ihen i-soga-shi-i I ama-ri yoku mi-e-masen Thank domo arigato goza-i-masu

ex. I am very busy.

=

cannot see very well. you very much.

=

=

vessel.[ yoki, ire-mono, kuda ] 跋

a blood vessel

=

ke-kkan

veteran.[ bete-ran ] 跋

a veteran teacher

=

bete-ran kyoshi

veterinary.[ ju-i ] veto.[ kyohi-ken ] vex.[ ira-ira-sa-seru, hara-ga tatsu, nayama-

seru ] ex. The teacher was vexed that so many students were late.=

ama-ri oze-i-no se-ito-ga chi-koku-shita-node sense-iwa ira-ira-shi-mashi-ta Want of money vexes many people. =kane-no na-i-no-ga o-oku-no hito-no nayami-desu

vibrate.[ shindo-sa-seru, furu-eru ] watashi-no uchi-wa re-ssha-ga to-oru toki shindo-shi-masu

ex. My house vibrates when a train passes.

=

vice.[ aku-shu, aku-toku ] ex. You can’t say smoking is not a vice.

sho-dewa-na-i-to-wa

=

kitsu-en-ga aku-

卜e-na-i

victim.[ gise-i-sha] victorious.[ shori-no] ex. The audience cheered not only the victorious team but also

kan-shu-wa shori chTmu-dake-de-naku make-ta chTmu-nimo d-en-shi-mashi-ta the defeated.

=

victory.[ shori, yusho] 395

view-violate

view.[ miru-koto, shika-i, iken ] nani-mo mi-e-naka-tta The = ryoka-kki-ga mi-eteki-mashi-ta in my view = watashi-no iken-dewa within one’s view = mi-eru tokoro-de ^ from a teacher’s point off view = sense-i-no tachi-ba-kara suru-to ex. Nothing was in view.

=

passenger airplane came into view. 琢

跋

viewpoint.[ kan-ten ] ex. We must consider this problem from another viewpoint.=

watashi-tachi-wa kono monda-i-o betsu-no kan-tenkara kanga-e-neba-nara-na-i

vigor, vigour.[ se-i-ryoku, ka-kki, genki ] ex. He is in full vigor.

=

kare-wa genki 卜ppa-i-desu

vigorous.[ genki-na, sakan-na ] ex. He is a very vigorous old man.

=

kare-wa hijo-ni genki-

na rdjin-desu

vile.[ gehin-na，gere-tsu-na，iya-na ] = kare-wa gehin-na hitoiya-na ni-o-i

ex. He is a man of vile character.

desu

防

a vile odor

=

village.[ mura] = watashiwa cmchi-ga u-mareta mura-o tazu-ne-mashi-ta

ex. I visited the village where my father was born.

villager.[ mura-bito, son-min ] ex. He was known to all the villagers.

=

kare-wa su-bete-no

mura-bito-ni shiraィete-i-masu

vine.[ tsuru, budo-no ki ] ex. The fruit grows on vines.

=

sono kucla-mono-wa tsuru-

ni nari-masu

vinegar.[ su ] vinegary.[ su-ppa-i ] vineyard.[ budo-en ] violate.[ ihan-suru ] ex. He violated the traffic regulations.

soku-m ihan-shita

396

=

kare-wa kotsu-ki-

violation-visit violation.[ ihan ] violence.[ bo-ryoku, ranbo] kare-wa do-a-o ranbo-ni aketa He is inclined to do violence to anyone. = karewa dare-ni-demo bo-ryoku-o furu-u ke-iko-ga aru

ex. He opened the door with violence.

=

violent.[ hage-shi-i, hido-i, ranbo-na ] 防

a violent wind

=

hido-i kaze

violently.[ hage-shiku, hido-ku, ranbo-ni ] violet.[ su-mire, su-mire-iro ] ex. “What color is a violet?” “It is deep purple.” =「su-mire-

wa nam-iro-desu-kaj 「ko-i mura-saki-iro-desu」 ultraviolet rays = shiga-i-sen

防

violin.[ ba-i-orin ] ex. She can play the violin very well.

=

ka-nojo-wa ta-ihen

jozu-ni ba-i-orin-o hike-masu

viper.[ doku-hebi ] virgin.[ shojo, ha-ji-mete kei-ken suru ] 琢

virgin snow = shin-setsu

跋

a virgin voyage (= a maiden

voyage) = shojo kOka-i

virtue.[ bi-toku, biten ] virtuous.[ te-i-shuku-na, ko-ketsu-na ] ex. She is a virtuous woman. = ka-nojo-wa te-i-setsu-na

fujin-desu

virus.[ bTru-su ] visa.[ biza] 防

give a visa to a person = hito-ni biza-o ha-kko-suru

visible.[ me-ni mi-eru, me-i-haku-na] ex. Not a star was visible in the sky. = sora-niwa hoshi hito-

tsu mi-e-naka-tta

vision.[ shi-ryoku, sen-ken ] ex. The ship came within the range of vision. = fune-ga shika-

i-ni ha-i-tte-ki-mashi-ta

visit.[ homon-suru, mima-u ] 397

visiting-voice ex. I’m just going to visit Mr. Smith. = watashi-wa Su-misu-

san-o homon-suru tokoro-desu Have you ever visited Paris? = pari-o otozu-reta koto-ga ari-masu-ka

visiting card.[ me-i-shi ] (= calling card) visitor.[ homon-kyaku, kanko-kyaku ] vista.[ mi-to-o-shi, tenbo] vital.[ se-ime-i-no, ta-i-setsu-na, naku-tewanara-na-i ] ex. Your help is now vital to getting this work done. = kono shi-

goto-o nashi-toge-ru-niwa a-nata-no tasu-ke-ga nakutewa-nara-na-i

vitality.[ katsu-ryoku, ka-kki ] vivid.[ iki-iki-to shita ] ex. The green of leaves was vivid. = ha-no midori-ga iki-

iki-to shite-i-mashi-ta The scene is still vivid in my memory. =sono kdke-i-wa ima-demo watashi-no k卜oku-ni nama-nama-shi-i

vocabulary.[ go-i ] ex. He has a rich vocabulary of German words. = kare-wa do-

i-tsu-go-no go-i-ga hdfu-desu

vocal.[ ko-e-no, onse-i-no ] 跋

vocal music = se-i-gaku

跋

a loudly vocal person =

kowa-daka-ni hana-su hito

vocational.[ shoku-gyo-no ] 城

vocational education = shoku-gyo kyd-iku

vogue.[ ryuko, haya-ri, ninki ] ex. Is disco music still m vogue? = disu-ko on-gaku-wa

mada ryuko-shite-i-masu-ka ぼ all the vogue = sa-ishin ryOkO-no 咏out of vogue = suta-reru, haya-ra-na-i

voice.[ ko-e, ta-i ] ex. Change the following into the passive voice. = tsugi-no bu-

n-o u-kemi-ni ka-e-nasa-i The voice of the people is the voice of God. (Proverb) = min-shu-no ko-e-wa kami-no ko-

398

volcano-vulture e (kotowaza)球 the voice of thunder = kami-nari-no oto

volcano.[ kazan ] ぽ

ka-kka-zan dormant volcano = kyu防 extinct volcano = shi-kazan

active volcano

kazan

=

防

volume.[ kan, satsu, ryo] 跋

ten volumes

ni-kan

防

=

ji-ssa-tsu, ji-kkan

Volume II

琢

=

da-i

a great volume of water = taryo-no mizu

voluntary.[ jiha-tsu-teki-na ] volunteer.[ yushi-no, boran-ti-a ] 防

volunteer help

=

yOshi-ni yoru enjo

vote.[ tohyo, tohyo-suru, senkyo-ken ] ex. The vote went against the proposal.

=

tohyo-no ke-kka

sono te-i-an-wa hi-ketsu-sareta

voter.[ tohyo-sha ] vow.[ chika-i, chika-u^ = karewa ka-i-sha-ni chOse-i-o tsuku-su koto-o chika-tta He is under a vow not to smoke. = kare-wa kin-en-no chika-io tate-te-iru sa-ichu-desu take a vow = chika-i-o tate-ru

ex. He vowed that he would be loyal to his company.

防

vowel.[ bo-in ] voyage.[ koka-i ] ex. The ship set out on her maiden voyage across the Pacific.=

sono fune-wa ta-ihe-i-yo odan-no shojo-kdka-i-ni shuppatsu-shita

vulgar.[ gehin-na, sho-min-no] gehin-na kotoba tion =min-kan-no me-i-shin 防

a vulgar language

=

球

vulgar supersti¬

vulture.[ hage-taka, hage-washi, kon-doru ]

399

wade.[ aru-ku ] ^ wade through a crowd of people = hito-gomi-o aru-ite-yuku 防

wade across a river = aru-ite kawa-o wata-ru

wag.[ furu ] ex. The dog came to me, wagging his tail. = inu-ga o-o furi-

naga-ra watashi-no ho-e ya-tte-Kita

wage.[ chin-gin, kyuryo] ex. My wages are $200 a week. = watashi-no kyuryo-wa

shu-ni ni-hyaku-doru-desu

wagon.[ basha ] waist.[ koshi, do-mawari ] ex. I measure 30 inches round the waist. = watashi-wa u-

esu-to-wa san-ju inchi ari-masu

wait.[ ma-tsu ] ex. Wait a minute, please. = cho-tto ma-tte-kudasa-i

I

waited for him for an hour. = watashi-wa kare-o ich卜jikan

machi-mashi-ta

waiting room.[ machi-a-i-shitsu ] wake.[ okiru, me-o sama-su ] ex. I usually wake up very early. = watashi-wa fu-tsO to-

temo haya~ku me-o sama-shi-masu Wake me up at five asu-no asa go-ji-ni oko-shitekudasa-i waking or sleeping = nete-mo sa-mete-mo

tomorrow morning. = 防

walk.[ aru-ku, sanpo-suru, sanpo] ex. Let’s get out of the car and walk a bit, shall we? = kuru-

ma-kara ori-te suko-shi aru-ki-masen-ka Will you go out for a walk with me? = i-ssho-ni sanpo-ni deka-kemasen-ka 味 take a walk = sanpo-suru 球 ten minutes’ walk = aru-ite ji-ppu-n

400

wall-warm

wall.[ kabe ] ex. Walls have ears. (Proverb) = kabe-ni mimi-ari (koto-

waza)

防

a stone wall = i-shi-gaki，i-sh •卜be-i

wallet.[ sa-ifu ] ex. I left my wallet in the guest room. = kyaku-ma-ni sa-ifu-o

wasu-rete-kita

walnut.[ kuru-mi ] wander.[ aru-ki-mawaru, sama-yo-u ] ex. We wandered for miles and miles in the mist. = watashi-

tachi-wa nan-ma-iru-mo kiri-no naka-o sama-yo-i-aruita

want.[ hoshi-i,〜shi-ta-i，fu-soku-suru, bo]

ketsu-

ex. I want something to drink. = nani-ka nomi-mono-ga

hoshi-i What do you want with jne ? = watashi-ni don-na go-yd-ga o-ari-nano-desu-ka I want you to be more care¬ ful. =mo-tto cho•卜shite-mora-i-ta-i Call me if I am wanted. = watashi-ni go-yO-nara yonde-kudasa-i You are wanted on the phone. = a-nata-ni denwa-ga kaka-ttei-masu-yo Many people are suffering from want of food. = ooku-no hito-ga shoku-ryo bu-soku-ni kuru-shinde-imasu

war.[ senso, ara-so-i ] ex. War broke out between the two countries. = senso-ga

sono futa-tsu-no kuni-no a-ida-de oko-tta

warehouse.[ soko] wavfare.[ ara-so-i ] ex. She is very skillful in legal warfare. = ka-nojo-wa ho-

ritsu-jo-no ara-so-i-niwa to-temo komyo-desu

warm.[ ata-taka-i, ata-tame-ru ] ex. It is getting warmer day by day. = hi-goto-ni ata-taka-ku

na-tte-ld-mashi-ta

Come and warm yourself in front of the

fire. = hi-no soba-ni kite karada-o ata-tame-nasa-i

401

warmly-waste

warmly.[ ne-sshin-ni, kokoro-kara, ata-ta-kaku ] ex. We were warmly welcomed. = watashi-tachi-wa kokoro-

kara kange-i-sare-mashi-ta

warn.[ ke-i-koku-suru, chu-i-suru ] ex. I’ll warn him to be more punctual. = mo-tto jikan-o

mamo-ru yoni kare-ni chu-i-shi-masho

warning.[ ke-i-koku, ima-shime, ma-e-bure, zencho] ex. A storm warning was issued. = bo-fu-u ke-iho-ga dasa-

re-mashi-ta This happened without the slightest warning.= kono koto-wa nan-no ma-e-bure-mo naku okori-mashita

warrant.[ re-ijo, ken-gen, hosho-nin ] ex. You have no warrant for doing that. = kimi-niwa son-na

koto-o suru ken-gen-wa na-i He is my warrant. = karewa watashi-no hosho-nin-desu

was.[〜deshi-ta，〜de-a-tta，〜de-ar•卜mashita] wash.[ ara-u ] ex. I washed my face in cold water. = watashi-wa tsume-ta-i

mizu-de ka-o_o ara-tta Does this cloth wash well ?= kono kiji-wa sen-taku-ga kiki-masu-ka Would you like to wash your hands ? = o-te-ara-i-ni iki-masu-ka

washing machine.[ sen-taku-ki ] Washington.[ wa-shin-ton ] ex. Washington is the capital of the United States. = Wa-shin-

ton-wa Ame-rika-no shu-to-desu

waste.[ muda-ni tsuka-u, rOhi-suru, kuzu, haiki-butsu ] ex. I wasted a lot of time going and returning. = ofuku-ni o-

oku-no jikan-o tsuka-tta Haste makes waste. (Proverb)= se-ite-wa koto-o shi-sonji-ru (kotowaza)踩 industrial

402

watch-way waste = san-gyO hai-ki-butsu

防

waste gas = ha-iki

gasu

watch.[ ude-doke-i, suru ]

miru,

mi-haru,

chQ-i-

ex. What time is it by your watch? = a-nata-no toke- 'hdewa

ima nanji-desu-ka

We were watching a baseball game on

TV. = watashi-tachi-wa tere-bi-de yakyu-no shi-a-i-o

mite-i-mashi-ta

Watch yourself. = yudan-suru-na

Watch

your step. (Mind your step.) = a-shi-moto-ni ki-o-tsuke-

nasa-i Watch out ! There’s a car coming. = ki-o-tsukenasa-i! kuruma-ga ki-masu-yo

watchful.[ ke-ika-i-suru ] ex. Be watchful of him. = kare-niwa ki-o yuru-su-na

water.[ mizu, mizu-o yarn ] ex. She is watering the flowers. = ka-nojo-wa hana-ni mizu-

o ya-tte-i-masu The road is under water. = doro-wa mizu-bita-shi-desu boiling water = o-yu, ne-tto drinking water = nomi-mizu, inryd-su-i 跋

防

waterfall.[ taki ] ex. We walked as far as the waterfall. = watashi-tachi-wa

sono taki-made aru-ki-mashi-ta

waterproof.[ bosu-i-no] wave.[ nami, furu ] ex. I waved to him as the car went by. = watashi-wa kuru-

ma-ga to-ori-sugi-ru toki kare-ni te-o fu-tta

wax.[ ro] ex. This doll is made of wax. = kono nin-gyO-wa rose-i-

desu

way.[ michi, tochu, hoho] ex. Will you tell me the way to the station? = eki-e yuku

michi-o o-shi-ete-kudasa-i-masen-ka I often see her on my way to school. = watashi-wa ga-kko-e yuku tochu kanojo-to toki-doki a小masu This is the way he speaks.=

403

we-weather kore-ga kare-no hana-shi-kata-desu You must change your way of thinking. = a-nata-wa kanga-e-kata-o ka-eneba-nari-masen Keep out of the way. = chika-yoruna ^ by the way = tokoro-de all the way = tochO zu-tto in a way = donika I think I see your point, in a way. = a-nata-no i-o-to suru koto-ga donika wakaru yoni omo-i-masu 防

防

we.[ watashi-tachi-wa, wareware-wa ] weak.[ yowa-i, usu-i ] ex. Do you like your coffee weak or strong? = kohT-wa usu-i

ho-ga i-i-desu-ka, ko-i ho-ga

i-desu-ka

卜

weaken.[ yowa-ku suru, yowa-ku naru ] ex. The patient is weakening day by day. = sono kanja-wa

hini-hini yowa-tte-i-masu

weakness.[ yowa-sa, jaku-ten, ke-tten ] ex. This is our Japanese weakness. = kore-ga ware ware

nihon-jin-no jaku-ten-desu

wealth.[ tomi, za-isan ] ex. Health is above wealth. = kenko~wa tomi-ni masa-ru

wealthy.[ yufuku-na ] ex. His father is a wealthy merchant. = kare-no chichi-oya-

wa yofuku-na shdnirhdesu

weapon.[ buki ] ex. It is a sin to use atomic energy as a war weapon. = gen-

sm-ryoku-o he-iki-to-shite tsuka-u-no-wa tsumi-de-aru

wear.[ kite-iru, i-fuku ] ex. He wore a black suit. — kare-wa kuro-no sOtsu-o kite-i-

masu It’s too good for everyday wear. = sore-wa fu-dangi-ni-shite-wa yo-sugi-masu

weary.[ tsuka-reta, aki-ta ] ex. I am weary with walking = watashi-wa aru-ki-tsukaィe-

mashi-ta

weather.[ tenki, tenko] 404

weather-weekly ex. Do you think the weather will hold? = kono tenko-ga mo-

tsu-to omo-i-masu-ka ^ under the weather = karada-no gu-a-i-ga waru-i She seems rather under the weather today. =ka-nojo-wa kyo kanari gu-a-i-ga waru-i yo-desu weather permitting = tenki-ga yoke-reba 防

weather bureau.[ ki-sho-cho] weather forecast.[ tenki-yoho] weave.[ oru, amu ] ex. Thread is woven into cloth. = ito-o o-tte nuno-ni suru

web.[ kumo-no su ] ex. The spider catches insects in its web. = kumo-wa kumo-

no su-de konchu-o tsuka-ma-e-masu

wedding.[ ke-kkon-shiki ] ex. They celebrated their golden wedding. = karera-wa kin-

kon-shiki-o muka-e-mashi-tも \ was invited to the wedding. =watashi-wa ke-kkon-shik卜ni shota-i-sareta

Wednesday.[ su-i-yobi ] weed.[ za-sso ] ex. I remove the weeds in the garden every week. = watashi-

wa ma-i-sho niwa-no za-ssd-tori-o shi-masu Father is weeding the garden. = chichi-wa niwa-no kusa-tori-o shite-i-masu

weedy.[ za-sso-no o-o-i ] 琢

weedy ground = za-ssd-no o-o-i tochi

week.[ shu ] weekday.[ he-i-jitsu ] ex. We’re open on weekdays. = he-i-jitsu-wa e-igyo-shite-i-

masu

weekend.[ shu-matsu ] 防

a weekend trip = shu-matsu ryoko

weekly.[ shu-no, ma-i-shu-no, shukan-shi ] ex. This is a weekly magazine. = kore-wa shokan-shi-

desu

I get a weekly wage of $100. = watashi-wa shukyu

405

weep-well hyaku-doru-desu

weep.[ naku, namida-o naga-su

】

ex. She wept at the news. = ka-nojo-wa sono nyOsu-o ki-

ite namida-o naga-shita We wept for joy. = watashitachi-wa ure-shi-naki-o shita

weigh.[ haka-ru, omo-sa-ga aru ] ex. How much does it weigh? = sore-wa dono-kura-i-no

omo-sa-desu-ka I am weighed down with cares.= watashi-wa shinpa-i-goto-de ki-ga omo-i His failure weighs upon my mind. = kare-no shi-ppa-i_ga watashi~no ki-ni kaka-ri-masu

weight.[ juryo, omo-sa, ta-iju ] ex. What is your weight? = ta-iju-wa ikura-ari-masu-ka

I

could not sleep well under the weight of my duty. = watashi-

wa shoku-mu-no omo-sa-de yoku nemu-re-naka-tta

welcome.[ kange-i, yokoso, kange-i-suru ] ex. Welcome home! = oka-eri-nasa-i !

Welcome to Japan!

=yokoso nihon-e! You are welcome. = dO-ita-shimashi-te The President was enthusiastically welcomed by large crowd. = da-i-tOryo-wa da-i-gu-n-shO-ni ne-kkyoteki-ni kange-i-sare-mashi-ta

welfare.[ kofuku, fuku-shi jigyo] ex. Miss Saito made a good plan for public welfare. = Sa-ito-

san-wa kdshu-no fuku-shi-no tame-ni yo-i ke-i-kaku-o tate-mashi-ta Where is the Welfare Ministry? = kose-isho-wa doko-ni ari-masu-ka 味on welfare = se-ikatsu-hogo-o u-kete 歧 welfare state = fuku-shi ko-kka

well1.[jozu-ni, uma-ku ] ex. Things are going well. = koto-ga

uma-ku i-tte-imasu He speaks English very well. = kare-wa e-igo-o totemo jOzu-ni hana-shi-masu He speaks French as well as English. = kare-wa e-igo-dake-de-naku fu-ransu-gomo hana-shi-masu You might as well throw your money into

406

well-what the sea as lend it to him. = kare-ni o-kane-o kasu kura-i-

nara umi-ni su-teta-hd-ga mashi-desu Well, then?= sore-de do-shita-no Well done! = yoku ya-tta era-i! well2.[ ido, izu-mi ] bore a well = ido-o horu 琢

well-bred.[ soda-chi-no yo-i, shi-tsuke-no yoi] well-known.[ yume-i-na] ex. Mr. Yoshida is a very well-known statesman. = Yoshida-

shi-wa hijo-ni yume-i-na se-iji-ka-desu

west.[nishi, nishi-no ho] ex. The mountain is to the west of the town. = sono yama-wa

machi-no nishi-no ho-ni ari-masu My room faces west.= watashi-no heya-wa nishi-muki-desu the west wind =nishi-kaze 跋

western.[ nishi-no, se-ibu-no, se-iyo-no] ex. Our school is in the western part of the city. = watashi-

tachi-no ga-kko-wa shi-no nishi-ni ari-masu civilization = se-iyd bu-n-mei

防

防

western

western countries = se-

iyo sho-koku

westward.[ nishi-no ho-e ] ex. John traveled westward. = Jon-wa nishi-e tabi-dachi-

mashi-ta

wet.[ nure-ta, shime-tta, nure-ru ] ex. My face is wet from sweat. = watasm-no ka-o-wa ase-

de nure-te-iru Don’t wet your feet. = a-shi-o nura-sa-nai-yo-ni shi-nasa-i Wet paint. = penki nuri-tate

whale.[ ku-jira ] ex. A whale is the largest animal living in the sea. = ku-jira-wa

umi-ni su-nde-iru mo-ttomo o-oki-i dobutsu-desu A whale blows. = ku-jira-wa shi-o-o fuku ^ a whale of a good time = to-temo tano-sh卜i jikan

what.[ nani, don-na] 407

whatever-whereas

_

ex. What is the price? = nedan-wa ikura-desu-ka

What

about your business? = shi-goto-no ho-wa ikaga-desu-

ka

What is this? = kore-wa nan-desu-ka

What color is

the pearl? = sono shinju-wa don-na-iro-desu-ka

What

do you say to going to the concert? = do, kon-sato-ni yuki-

masen-ka 球 what is called = what we call = iwayuru They must be what we call in love. = futa-ri-wa iwayuru ren-a-i-cho-desu

whatever.[ nan-demo] ex. Whatever I have is yours. = watashi-ga mo-tte-iru

mono-wa nan-demo a-nata-no mono-desu You may read whatever book you like. = suki-na hon-wa nan-demo yonde-yoro-sh 卜 i

wheat.[ ko-mugi ] 跋

a wheat field = ko-mugi bata-ke

wheel.[ sharin, kuruma] wheelchair = kuruma-isu

when.[ i-tsu, toki,〜noni ] ex.When did you finish the work? = shi-goto-wa i-tsu owari-

masn卜ta-ka It was raining when I arrived. = watashi-ga tsu-ita toki ame-ga fu-tte-i-mashi-ta She brought me a cup of coffee when I asked for beer. = watashi-ga bTru-o tanonda-noni ka-nojo-wa kohT-o mo-tte-kita

whenever.[ i-tsu-demo] ex. You may come whenever you like. = a-nata-ga ki-ta-i toki

i-tsu-demo ki-nasa-i

whereabouts.[ dono-hen ni, yuku-e ] ex. Whereabouts in New York do you Jive? = NyOyoku-no

dono hen-ni o-suma-卜desu-ka kare-no yuku-e

跋

his whereabouts =

whereas.[〜ni han-shite ] ex. She is slender, whereas her husband is stout. = ka-nojo-ga

ho-ssori-shite-iru-noni han-shite o-tto-wa ta-ikaku-ga

408

wherever-whirlpool yo-i

wherever.[ doko-demo] ex. He goes wherever he wishes. = kare-wa doko-demo

nozo-mu tokoro-e yuki-masu Wherever she went, people welcomed her. = ka-nojo-ga doko-e i-ttemo hito-bito-wa

ka-nojo-o kange-i-shi-mashi-ta

whether.[〜no-ka do-ka ] ex. Please tell me whether I am right or wrong. = watashi-wa

tada-shi-i-no-ka kudasa-i

ma-chiga-tte-iru-no-ka

o-shi-ete-

which.[ dochira, dono, dore ] ex. Which boy won the prize? = dono shonen-ga sho-o eta-

no-desu-ka Which way did you go? = dochira-no michi-o yuki-mashi-ta-ka It is impossible for me to tell which is which. = dochira-ga dochira-ka boku-niwa kube-tsudeki-masen

whichever.[ dochira-demo, i-tta-i dochira-o] ex.Whichever do you want to buy? = i-tta-i dochira-o ka-i-

ta-i-no-desu-ka Take whichever you like. = dochirademo suki-na ho-o tori-nasa-i

while.[ a-ida, daga, desu-ga] ex. While I was speaking, he said nothing. = watashi-ga

hana-shite-iru a-ida kare-wa nani-mo iwa-nakatta Walnut is a hard wood, while pine is soft. = kuru-mi-wa kata-i ki-desu-ga matsu-wa yawara-ka-i in a little while = suko-shi shite-kara, suko-shi ta-tte 防

whip.[ mu-chi, mu-chi-o ate-ru ] ex. The jockey whipped the horse on. = ki-shu-wa uma-ni

mu-chi-o ate-ta

whirl.[ mawaru, muki-o ka-eru ] ex. He whirled upon me. = kare-wa watashi-no ho-o mu-

ita

My head is whirling. = a-tama-ga kura-kura shi-masu

whirlpool.[ uzu, uzu-maki ] 409

whisker-whole

whisker.[ ho-o-hige, hige ] whisper.[ sasa-yaku, ko-go-e-de

hana-su,

sasa-yaki ] ex. I whispered my adieu to her. = watashi-wa ka-nojo-ni

ko-go-e-de sayo-nara-o i-tta He always speaks in a whis¬ per. =kare-wa i-tsumo ko-go-e-de koso-koso hanasu During the meeting I had to whisper not to disturb the speaker. = ka-igi-cho watashi-wa hana-shi-te-o b❹ga-ishi-na-i yoni ko-go-e-de hana-sa-neba-nara-naka-tta

whistle.[ kuchi-bu-e, kuchi-bu-e-o fuku ] ex. He whistled in the forest as a sign. = kare-wa mori-no

naka-de a-izu-to-shite kuchi-bu-e-o fu-ita

white.[ shiro-i, a-o-jiro-i ] ex. She is dressed in white. = ka-nojo-wa shiro-i fuku-o

kite-i-masu She turned white with fear. = ka-nojo-wa osoro-shisa-de a-oku na-tta WHO = World Health Organization.[ seka-i hoken kiko] who.[ dare, dare-ga, do-nata ] ex. Who is that lady? = ano fujin-wa dare-desu-ka Who is speaking, please? = do-nata-desu-ka Who do you want to see? = do-nata-ni a-i-ta-i-no-desu-ka

whoever.[ dare-demo, do-nata-demo] ex. Whoever comes will be welcome. = kuru hito-wa dare-

demo kange-i-shi-masu Whoever become President, there will be little change. = dare-ga da-i-tdryo-ni na-tte-mo hotondo henka-wa na-i-dard

whole.[ zenbu-no, zen 〜，maru

su-bete-

〜，

no] 琢

the whole world = zen seka-i

ichi-nichi

跋

跋

a whole day = maru

two whole days = maru futsu-ka

whole family = kare-no kazoku zen-in

^ his

ex. I respect him

with my whole heart. = watashi-wa kare-o kokoro-kara

410

wholesome-wide sonke-i-shite-i-masu

We must consider these matters as a

whole，not one by one. = watashi-tachi-wa korera-no

koto-gara-o hito-tsu hito-tsu-dewa-naku zenta-i-toshite kanga-e-neba-nari-masen

wholesome.[ kenko-ni yo-i, ken-zen-na ] ex. Milk is a wholesome food. = gyunyO-wa kenko-ni yo-i

shoku-motsu-desu wholesome recreation = kenko-na go-raku, ken-zen-na go-raku a wholesome diet = kenko-shoku 琢

防

wholly.[ ma-ttaku, kan-zen-ni, su-kkari ] ex. He is wholly cured. = kare-wa su-kkari na-ori-mashi-ta

whom.[ dare-o, dare-ni ] whomever.[ dare-demo] ex.You can invite whomever you like. = a-nata-no suki-na

hito-o dare-demo shota-i-shite-yo-i

whose.[ dare-no, dare-no mono] ex. Whose book is this? = kore-wa dare-no hon-desu-ka

why.[ naze, doshite ] ex. Why is she absent today? = ka-nojo-wa kyo naze yasu-

nde-iru-no-desu-ka I don’t know why she is absent. = kanojo-ga naze yasu-nde-iru-no-ka shiri-masen Why be ashamed? = doshite hazuka-shi-i-no? Why! Why! The cage is empty. = oya ma! tori-kago-ga kara-ppo-desu-ne

wicked.[ waru-i, hido-i ] ex. The wicked man was put in prison at last. = sono waru-i

hito-wa tsu-ini rd-ni ire-rare-ta

It is wicked of her to say

such a rude thing. = son-na shi-tsure-i-na koto-o yO-

nante ka-nojo-wa hido-i hito-desu-ne

wide.[ hiro-i, haba-no hiro-i, hazu-rete

](科

nar¬

row =sema-i) ex. The river is widest here. = kono kawa-wa koko-ga ichi-

ban hiro-i-desu How wide is this road? = kono doro-wa haba-ga dono-kura-i ari-masu-ka You’re very wide of the

411

widely-willing mark. = kimi-wa mato-hazu-re-da

widely.[ hiro-ku ] ex. The fact is widely known. = sono ji-jitsu-wa hiro-ku

shira-rete-i-masu

widow.[ mibo-jin ] ex. She is Fred’s widow. = ka-nojo-wa Fure-ddo-no mibo-

jin-desu widower.[ otoko-yamo-me ] width.[ haba, yoko] wife.[ tsuma, nyobo, oku-san ] husband = otto) ex. He took a wife. = kare-wa oku-san-o mora-tta 練 Mr. Smith and his wife = Su-misu fusa-i (一

wild.[ yase-i-no, ara-i, ne-kkyo-teki-na] ex. That fellow has a wild temper. = a-i-tsu-wa kishd-ga

ara-i The audience went wild. = choshu-wa ne-kkyoshita 球 wild animal = yase-i-no dobutsu 跋 wild party =ran-chiKi patT

wild boar.[ ino-shishi ] wildcat.[ yama-neko] wildlife.[ yase-i se-i-butsu ] ^ wildlife preserve = yase-i dobutsu kinryo-chi

will1.[〜daro,〜desho, tsumori,〜shitekure-masen-ka ] ex. That’ll be the milkman. = a-re-wa gyunyu-ya-desho Mother will be expecting me. = haha-wa watashi-ga kuru-

no-o ma-tte-iru-darO What kind of car will you buy?= don-na kuruma-o ka-u tsumori-desu-ka Will you lend me your pen? = pen-o ka-shite-kure-masen-ka will2.[ i-shi ] ex. He has a strong will. = kare-wa i-shi-ga tsuyo-i

willing.[ yoro-konde suru ] ex. I am willing to do anything for you. = a-nata-no tame-

412

willow-wine nara nan-demo yorokon-de ita-shi-masu I am quite will¬ ing to help you. = yorokon-de o-te-tsuda-i-shi-masu willow.[ yana-gi ] win.[ katsu, kaku-toku-suru, kachi-tora-seru ] ex. You win. = a-nata-no kachi-desu We won the game 5 to 2. = watashi-tachi-wa go-ta-i ni-de ka-tta He won the first prize. = kare-wa i-ttdsho-o to-tta This book won him the Nobel prize for literature. = kono hon-de kare-wa Noberu-bu~n-gaku-sho-o kaku-toku-shi-mashi-ta wind1.[kaze，〜fa,〜pQ ] ex. A strong wind is blowing now. = ima tsuyo-i kaze-ga fuite-i-masu The wind is in the north. = kaze-wa kitakaze-desu There wasn’t much wind yesterday. = kino-wa ama-ri kaze-ga naka-tta 球 wind and weather = fu-u, fusetsu a heavy (fair, slight, strong) wind = hido-i kaze (ju-n-pO, bi-fO, kyo-fu) before the wind = ju-n-pu-o u-kete 防

咳

wincT^.[ maku ] ex. The ivy winds round the tree. = tsuta-ga ki-ni maki-tsu-

ite-iru

windmill.[ fusha ] ex. This picture shows a windmill in Holland. = kono e-wa o-

randa-no fusha-no e-desu

window.[ mado] ex. Who broke the window? = mado-o kowa-shita-no-wa

dare-desu-ka

A sign in the window said : Sale of Men’s

Shirts. = sho-u-indo-ni rdan-shi-yd sha-tsu hanba-ij -

to ka-ite-ari-mashi-ta

windowpane.[ mado-gara-su ] windy.[ kaze-no tsuyo-i ] 琢

windy weather = kaze-no tsuyo-i tenki

wine.[ wa-in, budo-shu ] 跋

a glass of wine = i-ppa-i-no wa-in, wa-in i-ppa-i

413

wing-wish

wing.[tsuba-sa] ex. The bird flapped its wings. = tori-wa tsuba-sa-o haba-

taka-seta The bird spreads her wings. = tori-wa tsuba-sao hiro-geru

wink.[ maba-taki-suru, me-kuba-se-suru ] ex. He winked me to follow. = kare-wa watashi-ni tsu-ite-

kuru yoni me-kuba-se-shita

He gazed at me without a

wink. = kare-wa maba-taki-mo shi-na-ide watashi-o

mitsu-meta I couldn’t sleep a wink last night. = watashiwa saku-ya •卜ssu-i-mo deki-naka-tta ^ in a wink = mata-taku ma-ni winter.[ fuyu ] a mild winter = ata-taka-i fuyu 琢

wipe.[ fuku ] ex. Wipe your mouth and fingers. = kuchi-ya fe-o fuki-nasa-

i The wicked must be wiped out. = aku-nin-wa i-sso-sareneba-nara-na-i

wire.[ hari-gane, denpo] ex. A big dog was tied up with a wire. = o-oki-na inu-wa

hari-gane-de tsu-naga-rete i-mashi-ta I’ll let you know about it by wire. = sore-o denpo-de o-shira-se-shimasho

wireless.[ mu-sen-no] ex. He is a wireless operator. = kare-wa mu-sen gishi-

desu The correspondent sent the news by wireless. = tsOshin-in-wa mu-sen-de nyusu-o oku-tta

wisdom.[ chi-e, ken-me-i-sa] wise.[ ka-shiko-i, ken-me-i-na] ex. It was wise of him to participate in the meeting. = kare-ga

ka-igi-ni

sanka-shita-no-wa

ken-me-i-deshi-ta

He

found it wise to save money. = kare-wa chokin-suru-no-wa

ken-me-i-dato kizu-ita

wish.[〜de-a-reba yo-i-noni-to omo-u, nozo414

wishfu 卜 within mu, nega-u ] ex. I wish I were a bird. = watashi-wa tori-de-a-reba yo-i-

noni-to omo-u I wish to go to France. = watashi-wa Furansu-e yuki-ta-i Please give him my best wishes. = dozo kare-ni yoro-shiku tsuta-ete-kudasa-i Your wishes came true. = a-nata-no nega-i-ga kana-tta-ne I have got my wish, a new car. = boku-wa nozo-mi-ga kana-tte a-tarashi-i kuruma-o te-ni ire-mashi-ta

wishful.[ nozon-de-iru ] 跋

wishful eyes = mono-hoshi-sona me

wit.[ ki-chi, ton-chi ] ex. He is possessed of both wit and humor. = kare-wa ki-chi-

to yOmo-a-to ryoho mo-tte-i-masu

witch.[ aku-ma, majo ] with.[〜to i-ssho-ni,〜to tomo-ni,〜nimokaka-wara-zu ]

^

ex. I go to school with my brother. = watashi-wa otdto-to i-

ssho-ni ga-kko-e yuki-masu What’s the matter with you? =do-shita-no-desu-ka He is in bed with a cold. = karewa kaze-de nete-i-masu With all his learning, he has no common sense. = kare-wa gaku-mon-ga aru-nimo-kakawara-zu ma-ttaku hi-joshiki-desu withdraw.[ hi-kkome-ru, hiki-saga-ru, torikesu, te-kka-i-suru ] ex. I withdrew my head from a window. = watasm-wa atama-o mado-kara hi-kkome-mashi-ta He refused to withdraw his remarks. = kare-wa hatsu-gen-no te-kka-i-o kyohi-shita The army withdrew. = gu-n-wa te-tta-i-shita

wither.[ shi-o-reru ] ex. The flowers have withered away. = hana~wa shi-o-rete-

shima-tta within.[ ina-i-ni ] ex. You should live within your income. = a-nata-wa shunyO-

415

without-wonderful no han-i-na-i-de se-i-katsu-su-beki-de-aru The con¬ struction will be finished within a year. = sono koji-wa ichinen ina-i-de owaru-desho

without.[ shi-na-ide, nashi-de, nake-reba] ka-nojo-wa watashi~ni ki-zuka-na-ide to-ori-sugi-te i-tta Without your help, she could do nothing. = a-nata-no tasu-ke-ga nake-reba ka-nojo-wa nani-mo deki-masen I can do without this money till Friday. = kin-yobi-made-wa kono kane-ga naku-temo ya-tte-yuke-masu ex. She passed by without noticing me. =

withstand.[ te-iko-suru, saka-ra-u, ta-eru ] ex. He couldn’t withstand the temptation. = kare-wa yuwaku-

ni te-ikd-deki-masen-deshi-ta

witness.[ moku-geki-sha] ex. I heard about the accident from a witness. = moku-geki-

sha-kara sono jiko-ni tsu-ite kiki-mashi-ta He is a living witness to my innocence. = kare-wa watashi-no muza-i-no iki-shonin-desu

wolf.[ o-o-kami ] woman.[ fujin, on-na-no hito, on-na, jose-i ] ex. Men and women have equal rights. = danjo-wa doken-

desu

wonder.[ fu-shigi, odoro-ki, ~ ka-shira ] ex. The wonder is that we all finished on time. = fu-shigi-na-

no~wa watashi-tachi-ga min-na jikan-do-ori-ni owa-tta koto-desu It is a wonder that he should have refused the offer. = kare-ga sono moshi-de-o kotowa-tta koto-ga fu-shigi-desu I wonder if he will come. = kare-wa kuruka-shira ^ the Seven Wonders of the World = seka-i-no nana-fu-shigi

wonderful.[ fu-shigi-na, su-bara-shi-i ] ex. It is wonderful to see you again. = mata a-nata-ni a-eru-

nante su-bara-shi-i

416

wood-world

wood.[ ki, moku-za-i, mori ] ex. Most of our houses are built of wood. = watashi-tachi-no

uchi-wa ho-tondo moku-zo-desu He lost his way in the woods. = kare-wa mori-de michi-ni mayo-tte-shima-tta wooden.[ moku-zo-no] a wooden house = moku-zo ka-oku 跋

woodland.[ shin-rin chita-i ] wool.[ yomo, ke, uru ] ex. He likes to wear wool next to the skin. = kare-wa hada-ni

jika-ni Oru-o kiru-no-ga suki-desu woolen.[ yomo-no, uru-no] ex. He bought a pair of woolen socks. = kare-wa uru-no ku-

tsu-shita-o卜ssoku ka-i-mashi-ta

word.[ go, tango, kotoba, yaku-soku ] ex. Just how many English words must we know? = i-tta-i

dono-kura-i e-igo-no tango-o shira-nake-reba-narimasen-ka He always keeps his words. = kare-wa kanarazu yaku-soku-o mamo-ri-masu

work.[ shi-goto, saku-hin, hata-raku ] ex. I have a lot of work to do now. = watashi-niwa ima suru

shi-goto-ga taku-san ari-masu He works hard every day. =kare-wa ma-i-nichi yoku hata-raki-masu He is look¬ ing for work. = kare-wa shi-goto-o saga-shite-imasu This medicine works like magic. = kono kusuri-wa fu-shigi-ni yoku kiki-masu a work of art = ge-i-jutsu saku-hin ^ at work = shi-goto-chu out of work = shitsu-gyG-shite-iru 跋 hard workers = benkyO-ka 跋

防

world.[ seka-i, seken, yo-no-naka, ~ ka-i ] ex. How many countries are there in the world? = seka-i-niwa

nan-ka-koku ari-masu-ka He knows very little of the world. =kare-wa seken-ni uto-i, kare-wa seken-smra-zudesu all over the world = seka-i-jO ita-ru-tokoro the business world = jitsu-gyo~ka-i the world of 琢

跋

防

417

worm-wrap fashion = fa-sshon-ka-i

worm.[ mu-shi ] worry.[ shinpa-i-suru, kuyo-kuyo-suru, komarase-ru ] ex. Don’t worry. = kuyo-kuyo-suru-na, shinpa-i-suru-na

worse.[ waru-i, oto-tte-iru ] ex. This article is worse than that in quality. = kono shina-

mono-wa a-re-yori-mo shitsu-ga waru-i To make matters worse, he was taken ill. = waru-i koto-niwa kare-wa byokini na-tta I am treated worse than before. = watashi-wa ma-e-yori-mo waru-i ta-igu-o u-kete i-masu

worship.[ re-iha-i, suha-i ] worst.[ sa-i-aku ] ex.We must be prepared for the worst. = watashi-tachi-wa

sa-i-aku-o kaku-go-shi-nakeィeba-nari-masen

worth.[ kachi-ga aru, kachi ] ex. The film is worth seeing. = sono e-iga-wa miru kachi-

ga ari-masu Few people know his worth. = kare-no kachi-o shi-tte-iru hito-wa suku-na-i The museum is worth visiting. = sono haku-butsu-kan-wa i-tte-miru kach卜ga ari-masu

worthless.[ kachi-no na-i ] worthwhile.[ yari-ga-i-no aru ] 防

a worthwhile job = yari-ga-i-no aru shi-goto

worthy.[ kachi-no aru, ri-ppa-na ] ex. He is a worthy gentleman. = kare-wa ri-ppa-na shin-

shi-desu

wound.[ kizu, fu-sho, kizu-tsuke-ru ] ex. He received a fatal wound. = kare-wa chime-i-shd-o u-

keta

He was badly wounded in the war. = kare-wa senso-

de hido-i kizu-o o-tta

wrap.[ tsu-tsumu ] ex. She is wrapping something up in paper. = ka-nojo-wa

418

wrapper-writer nani-ka-o kami-ni tsu-tsu-nde i-masu Wrap yourself in something warm. = ata-taka-i mono-de karada-o kuru-mi nasa-i

wrapper.[ tsu-tsumi-gami ] wreath.[ hana-wa ] 防

a laurel wreath =

ge-kke-i-kan

wreck.[ nanpa, nanpa-saseru ] sono fune-wa koka-icho-ni nanpa-shita Our hopes were wrecked. = watashitacm-no kibo-wa dame-ni-nari-mashi-ta

ex. The ship was wrecked at sea. =

wren.[ miso-saza-i ] wrench.[ neji-ru, kuji-ku ] 防

wrench one’s ankle =

a-shi-kubi-o kuji-ku

wrestling.[ resu-ringu ] wring.[ shibo-ru, shibo-ri-dasu ] ex. She wrung out her wet clothes. =

ka-nojo-wa nure-ta

fuku-o shibo-tta

wrinkle.[ shiwa, hida ] 防

a face full of wrinkles =

shiwa-dara-ke-no ka_o

wrist.[ te-kubi, sode-guchi ] ex. I caught him by the wrist. =

kubi-o tsuka-ma-eta

防

watashi-wa kare-no teude doke-i

wrist watch =

write.[ kaku, tegami-o kaku ] kare-wa ta-ihen genki-de kura-shite-iru-to tegami-o kuremashi-ta He writes for a living. = kare-wa bu-n-pitsu-de kura-shite i-masu I wrote away for the catalog. = watashiwa kata-rogu-o tegami-de chumon-shi-mashi-ta He wrote to his father for money. = kare-wa chichi-oya-ni kane-o oku-tte-kure-ru-ydni tegami-o kaki-mashita 防 write out a receipt = ryoshO-sho-o kaku ex. He wrote me that he was getting along very well. =

writer.[ sa-kka, cho-sha] ex. He is a writer of mystery stories. =

kare-wa su-iri sa-kka-

419

writing-wrong desu

writing.[ kaku-koto ] ex. Your writing is easy to read. = a-nata-no ji-wa yomi-

yasu-i

wrong.[ waru-i, ma-chiga-tte-iru, ma-chiga-i ] ex. It was wrong of you to tease him. = a-nata-ga kare-o

kara-ka-tta-nowa waru-ka-tta Your answer is wrong. = anata-no kota-e-wa ma-chiga-tte i-masu I was in the wrong. = watashi~wa ma-chiga-tte i-mashi-ta It is wrong to steal money. = o-kane-o nusu-mu-no-wa waru-ikoto-desu Something is wrong with my stomach. = i-no choshi-ga waru-i Be careful not to do it wrong. = sono yari-kata-o ma-chiga-e-na-i yoni cho-i-shi-nasa-i What’s wrong with it ? = sore-ga do-shita-no-desu-ka (sore-de i-i-dewa-na-i-desu-ka)

420

Xmas.[ kuri-su-masu ] X-ray.[ x-sen, rento-gen ] ex. I had X-rays taken. = watashi-wa rento-gen-o to-tte-

mora-tta

^ X-ray examination = rento-gen kensa

421

yacht.[ yo-tto ] yah.[ ha-i ] yard.[ niwa, naka-niwa ] yarn.[ ito, ke-ito] ex. She is knitting socks from yam. = ka-nojo-wa ke-ito-de

kutsu-shita-o ande-i-masu

琢

woolen yarn = ke-ito

yawn.[ aku-bi, aku-bi-o suru ] ex. He stopped reading with a yawn. = kare-wa aku-bi-o

shite hon-o yomu-no-o yame-ta

year.[ nen, nenre-i, toshi, ~ sa-i ] ex. There are twelve months in a year. = ichi-nen-wa ju-ni-

ka-getsu-desu I am seventeen years old. = watashi-wa jd-nana-sa-i-desu 跋 a new year = shin-nen 防 this year = ko-toshi next year = ra-i-nen 琢 last year = kyo-nen, saku-nen 球

yearly.[ ichi-nen-no] 跋

a yearly income = nenshO

yearn.[ akoga-reru ] yell.[ sake-bu ] ex. He yelled at me with fury. = kare-wa wafashi-ni oko-tte

saken-da

yellow.[ ki-iro, ki-iro-no] ex. Yellow is a color easy to see. = ki-iro-wa mi-yasu-i iro-

desu

yes.[ ha-i ] yesterday.[ kino] ex. It was rainy yesterday. = kino-wa ame-deshi-ta-ne

It

was only yesterday that I came up to Tokyo. = watashi-ga

Tokyo-ni kita-no-wa tsu-i kino-desu

422

琢

yesterday’s paper

yet-yours =kino-no shin-bu-n

防

the day before yesterday = oto-

to-i,卜ssaku-jitsu

yet.[ mada, shika-shi ] ex. There is yet another chance. = mada chansu-ga ari-

masu He is still young, yet he is famous as a scientist.= kare-wa mada waka-i-ga ka-gaku-sha-to-shite yumei-desu

yield.[ u-mu, san-shutsu-suru ] ex. This tree yields fruit. = kono ki-niwa mi-ga nari-

masu masu

Cows yield milk. = me-u-shi-wa chichi-o dashi-

yolk.[ ran-o, kimi ] (— white = shiro-mi) yonder.[ muko-no, aso-ko-no] ex. They live in the yonder houses. = karera-wa aso-ko-no

uchi-ni su-nde-i-masu

you.[ a-nata, kimi (-wa, -ga, -o, _ni)] ex. You are a student. = a-nata-wa gaku-se-i-desu

I will

lend you this book. = a-nata-ni kono hon-o kashi-te-a-

geyo

young.[ waka-i ] ex. Work hard while you are young. = waka-i uchi-ni yoku

benkyd-shi-nasa-i She seems so young for her age. = kanojo-wa toshi-no wari-niwa to-temo waka-ku mi-emasu The night is still young. = yoru-wa mada fuke-te-ina-i 跋 a young country = shinko-koku ^ be young at a job = shi-goto-ni fu-nare-de-aru

youngster.[ waka-mono, se-i-nen ] your.[ a-nata-no, kimi-no] ex. I look forward to your coming. = a-nata-ga ira-ssharu-

no-o tano-shimi-ni shite-i-masu What’s your nationality ? =a-nata-no koku-seki-wa doko-desu-ka 跋 Your Majesty = he-ika, ka-kka

yours.[ a-nata-no mono, kimi-no mono ] 423

yourself - ymca ex. The victory is yours. =

desu

防

shori-wa kimi-no mono-

Yours truly = ke-igu

yourself.[ a-nata j卜shin, jibu-n ] ex. Do it yourself. = jibu-n-de yari-nasa-i

Please help your¬

self to the cake. = dozo jiyO-ni keki-o o-tori-kudasa-

i Just be yourself! = ochi-tsuki-nasa-i! ^ by yourself = hito-r卜de Do you live in the big house by yourself? = anata-wa sono o-oki-na uchi-ni hito-ri-de su-nde-iru-nodesu-ka ^ for yourself = jibu-n-de, doku-ryokude Did you do the homework for yourself? = jibu-n-de shuku-da-i-o yari-mashMa-ka

youth.[ waka-sa, se-i-nen, waka-i koro, wakamono] ex. The Japanese youth will soon strive for more freedom.=

chika-i uchi-ni nihon-no waka-mono-wa mo-tto jiyO-o moto-mete do-ryoku-suru-desho He was wild in his youth. = kare-wa waka-i koro ranbo-deshi-ta

youthful.[ waka-i, waka-waka-shi-i, se-i-nenrashi-i ] ex. They have youthful ambitions. = karera-wa se-i-nen-

rashi-i ya-shin-o mo-tte-iru 跋 a youthful mother = waka-waka-sh卜i haha-oya ^ a youthful hair style = waka-waka-shi-i kami-gata Y.M.C.A. = Young Men’s Christian Association.

[kiri-suto-kyo se-i-nen-ka-i ] (_ Y.W.C.A = kiri-suto-kyO joshi se-i-nen-ka-i)

424

zany.[ baka-na, hyokin-na, aho-na ] 練

the zany = hyokin-mono

zeal.[ ne-sshin-na, netsu-i ] ex. You lack zeal for your business. = kimi-wa jibu-n-no shi-

goto-ni netsu-i-ga tari-na-i 球 with zeal = ne-sshinni 防 zeal for music = on-gaku-netsu

zealous.[ ne-sshin-na ] ex. I am zealous to do this business with you. = boku-wa kono

shi-goto-o a-nata-to i-ssho-ni yari-ta-i-to kokoro-kara nozon-de-i-masu

zebra.[ shima-uma ] zebra crossing.[ odan-hodo] zero.[ zero] ex. The young pair started right from zero. = waka-i futa-ri-wa

zero-kara shu-ppatsu-shita

5 degrees above (below)

ぽ

zero = go-do (re-ika go-do)

zone.[ chita-i, chiku ] ex. His shop is in the business zone. = kare-no mise~wa

shdgyd chiku-ni ari-masu ^ green zone = ryoku-chita-i 防 a safety zone = an-zen chita-i 跋 temperate zone = onta-i

zoo.[ dobutsu-en ] ex. Yesterday I went to the zoo with my brothers. = kind

watashi-wa otdto-tachi-to i-ssho-ni ddbutsu-en-e i-tta

zoological.[ dobutsu-gaku-no] zoological garden.[ dobutsu-en ] zoologist.[ dobutsu-gaku-sha ] zoology.[ dobutsu-gaku ] zzz.[ gugu] 425

*

-

Appendix

A list of the examples Type A (Affirmative sentences) A good idea flashed through my mind. .Page 90 A jet-pilot requires special training. .374 A man with little personality is not attractive. .228 A murderer will be caught sooner or later..192 A policeman stopped the car. .338 A storm is headed our way. .338 A sudden noise in the dark scared the children. .296 A table is a piece of furniture. . 99 A tall tree stood upright in front of my house. .389 A teacher should not be partial to any one student. .220 A written guarantee is needed..112 After he graduation he went abroad. .*•••108 After resting I attacked the hard problem. . 26 All our efforts were in vain. .392 All the people praised him for his patriotic deed. .223 Both are mine. . 35 Dr.Sato made a new discovery. . 65 Even a boy can jump this brook..153 Every year thousands of people are killed in traffic accidents. .365 Everybody has merits and faults. . 85 Exercise makes the muscles strong..192 Father is trimming the hedge. .378 Few people are sensible of their own faults. .304 First of all I want to visit the British Museum..193 For what purpose do you want to go to France? .256 Frankly speaking,丨 know nothing about her. . 96 Grandmother is becoming very frail in her old age. .96 He accepted the offer under several conditions. .208 He acted as host at the party..129 He advised me to go there at once. . 22 He always takes sides with the weak. .313 He apologized to his teacher for coming late. . 24 He arrived two hours later than I..160 427

He became rich by inheritance..142 He belongs to the accounts section of the company. .301 He boast about his wealth. . 34 He buys books at random. .261 He came home utterly exhausted. .391 He came running at full speed. .331 He decided to be a doctor. . 61 He doubted the reality of what he had heard. .264 He expanded his business step by step. . 79 He found it wise to save money. .414 He gave me a book as a pledge of friendship. .235 He got angry at her sharp words. .309 He got ill through nerve strain..198 He greeted me with a shy smile. .312 He had a knife hidden in his inner pocket..143 He had his finger pinched in the door. .231 He has a bright future. . 100 He has a tendency to speak rapidly. ..361 He has changed beyond recognition. .267 He helped me pack my books. .217 He introduced her to his parents..147 He is a good speaker of English. .330 He is a lawyer by profession. .250 He is a man of refined taste. .269 He is able to speak Japanese well. . 21 He is ashamed of his ignorance. . 26 He is away on a vacation. .392 He is eager to collect rare plants. .233 He is fond of flying a kite..156 He is in a difficult position. .239 He is in his seventies. .306 He is inclined to be idle. . 139 He is liable to catch cold..、'.164 He is making rapid progress in his English. .250 He is managed by his wife..175 He is modest in his behavior..188 He is off duty today. . 69 He is sure to come. . 349 He is the owner of that car. .216 He is under a vow not to smoke. .399 428

He is very fussy about food..100 He is very thoughtful of others. .365 He is wise, and, what is more, modest..190 He lacks in common sense..158 He looks serious. .305 He made a friendly gesture to me..103 He made an oath before God. .205 He objected to working on Sundays. .205 He obliged me to go there. .206 He observed the behavior of birds in the woods. .206 He opened the door to let me in. .209 He passed by me. .221 He patted me on the back. .222 He pretended that he was ill. .245 He pulled me by the sleeve. .319 He requested me to attend the meeting. .277 He said so half in joke. . 152 He sat musing on my remarks..193 He seized upon a chance at last. .302 He showed me how use it. .312 He sold the bicycle as scrap. .299 He speaks English so rapidly that I can't understand him. .262 He speaks French as well as English. .406 He spent most of his time in the chemical laboratory..158 He spread newspaper on the grass. .333 He started the work at the risk of his life. .285 He stood next to me..199 He stooped to pick up something. .338 He succeeded in spite of all difficulties. .332 He takes pride in his work. . 246 He told a lie with no intention of doing so..146 He took a long time to think out a plan. .232 He took a walk to kill time..155 He traveled round the world. .288 He treasures the watch his father gave him. .376 He used to drink when he was young. . 389 He wants to be a novelist. .203 He was born in 1930. . 30 He was captivated by her beauty. .42 429

He was in a good (bad) temper. .359 He was nowhere to be found. .203 He was restored to health after the operation. .280 He was selected out of a great number of candidates..…303 He went out for a walk. .214 He will come sooner or later. .326 He worked harder for the sake of making more money. 293 He works hard in order that he may pass the examination. .212 Heavy taxes are imposed on beer..138 His business is in the red. .268 His failure is nothing to me. .202 His story hurt my feelings..132 I accepted an invitation to his birthday party..148 I am a third party to this case. .221 I am accustomed to getting up early. . 21 I am at a loss for an answer..:.170 I am busy this afternoon. . 39 I am grateful to you for your kind help..109 I am inclined to think so..139 I am looking for my hat..169 I am looking forward to seeing your uncle..169 I am now staying at a hotel. .336 I am quite comfortable in this hotel. . 51 I am rejoiced to hear of your safe arrival. .271 I am sorry that I can’t come. .327 I am tied to my work all day. .367 I am tormented with a toothache. .371 I am very familiar with the names of the plants. . 83 I am very glad to meet you..105 I am weary with walking. .404 I am wet to the skin. . 319 I’m willing to help you, within limits. ..167 I’m working in an oil company. . 52 I am zealous to do this business with you. .425 I asked him to come at once. .. 26 I ate too much for lunch..192 I beg you to come. .:.31 I beg your pardon. . 31 I bought two loaves of bread..168 430

breathed deeply in and out. . 37 came home at the usual time yesterday. .390 can afford to buy a new dress now. . 22 can lodge you for a day or two..168 did it on my own responsibility. .279 dropped in at the secondhand book store. .301 feel and scraped my knee. .299 feel hot here.. 129 gave Mary a doll..105 get up at six o’clock every morning. .207 guess they are very busy now..113 had a bath and then went to bed. .363 had a chat with him. . 47 had great fun at the party. . 98 had my photo taken by my father. .229 had my purse stolen in the bus. .336 had rather play than rest..115 have a lot of work to do now. ..417 have an income of 50,000 yen a week..139 Ve changed my mind. . 46 have lots of things to do..170 have often been to that bar. .208 heard about the accident from a witness. .416 hit on a bright idea..125 informed him that I had bought a car..142 kept my temper. . 359 know him only by sight. .313 left my key somewhere. . .326 left the bus by the rear entrance. .265 like mathematics best..179 live separate from my parents. .304 lost all restraint at that time. .280 lost my way..170 made a reservation at the hotel. .277 made an appointment to meet him at six o’clock. . 25 made some careless mistakes..187 made up my mind to give up smoking..185 make it a rule to get up early. .289 met him in the park yesterday..181 misunderstood his words. .W 431

I must have my watch mended..182 I need more practice. .242 I often think of my dead father. . 61 I ordered some books from America. .211 I peeled him an apple. .224 I plan to finish this work by five. .232 I pondered the problem for several hours. .237 I postponed my departure till tomorrow. .241 I prayed on my knees..157 I prefer tea to coffee. .243 I quit school at the age of 17. .259 I realized the vanity of life. .393 I refrained from tears. .269 I refreshed myself with a cup of tea. .269 I regret to say that I must decline your offer. .271 I remember seeing that person somewhere. .274 I respect him with my whole heart. •••.410 I retired three years ago. .281 I ripped my coat on the nail. .284 I sent a parcel to a friend of mine. . 219 I should like to study medicine. . 342 I skipped the dull parts of the book. .319 I sort of like her. .327 I suppose you know what to do. .348 I suspected him to be aware of the fact. .351 I swear such a thing is impossible. .352 I sympathize with you, but I can see her side, too. .354 I took the subway at Tokyo station. .344 I took you for an American. .356 I twisted my ankle. .381 I waited for him an hour..130 I want time to reflect on myself. .269 I want to have this coat shortened. .311 I was invited to his birthday party. .221 I was late for school this morning..159 I was once intimate with him..147 I was tricked by his flattery. .378 I went on a picnic notwithstanding the rain. .202 I will be through in a minute. .366 I’ll call on you at the first opportunity. .210 432

，ll come if nothing prevents me.

.246

will let you know where to get off..104 will make shift with what I have. .310 will omit this page.

.209

’ll ring you up later.

.284

will risk my life for this work.

.285

will send this letter by air mail..174 ’ll take you wherever you like.

.356

will tell you part of the story. .220 will visit Japan in the middle of next month..184 ’ll warn him to be more punctual.

.402

wish to speak to you in private. .248 work on a monthly salary. .293 would rather live in a town than in the country. .373 would readily die for your sake.

.264

wrote a letter of introduction to Mr. White..164 n the beginning God created the heaven and the earth. nk stained my fingers.

31

.334

t blows from the north in winter.

. 34

t has been warm for the past two weeks.

.222

t is a great pity that he has failed.

.232

t is a mistake to be soft with him.

.324

t’s a quarter to eight.

.258

t is an interesting novel for young girls..146 t is bold of you to contradict him.

. 34

t is certain to rain tonight. .45 t is dangerous repairing the roof yourself.

.r.275

t is getting warmer day by day. .401 t is impossible for me to tell which is which.

.409

t is natural that he should get angry..196 is necessary to regulate the traffic sometimes. .271 t is no inconvenience to me..139 is obvious that one and two are three.

.206

is prohibited except under special license..165 is rude to point at a person. .236 is selfish of you to say so.

.303

is three years since I parted from her.

.220

is unusual for him to be late. .388 ，s your turn to sing. .381 looks like rain..169

433

It must have happened while I was taking a nap..195 It seems to me that he will not come. It sounds like a mistake to me.

.302

..328

It takes an hour to go to the station on foot.

. 93

It was only yesterday that I came up to Tokyo. .422 It was wise of him to participate in the meeting.

.414

It was wrong of you to tease him. .420 Japan is famous for its cherry blossoms and Mt. r-uji..151 Let’s get out of the car and walk a bit, shall we? .400

しet’s go to the movies this evening..192 しet us plant white roses round the gate poles. .233 Let’s sing all together.

.316

Let’s take a rest for some time.

.280

Let’s talk over the matter some other day. .356 Let’s wait until the rain stops.

.388

Line’s busy. . 39 Man’s life is often compared to a candle. . 53 Many qood outlets are necessary for manufacturers.

.214

Many interesting pictures can be seen in the gallery..101 Many men were killed in the railway accident..155 Many stars are invisible to the naked eye..148 Members are given the privilege to use the library. .248 More than ten million people live in Tokyo..185 Most of the audience was Japanese.

. 27

Much obliged to you for your kindness. .206 My belt is too tight.

.368

My efforts have come to naught..196 My house is very near here..197 My major is physics..175 My personal opinion differs from yours. .228 My plan succeeded beyond my expectations. My teacher pointed out my mistakes. My watch is out of order.

.344

.236

.；.211

Nowadays lots of people take trips around the world. Our house is surrounded with trees.

.203

.350

Our office is on the northern side of the building. .201 Our school begins in April. .31 Our ship was sailing across the Mediterranean Sea..181 Our team gained three points.

.236

Out of necessity he changed his plan..197

434

Passion is a sign of youth. .221 People often act under the impulse of curiosity..138 People often slip on the icy street..134 People praised the brave girl.

.242

Previous to buying a car you must learn how to drive. .246 Prices still continue to rise.

.285

She arranged the flowers in the vase.

.394

She became angry when I opposed her plan. .210 She bought a new pair of shoes. .217 She brought me a cup of coffee when I asked for beer.

408

She can play the violin very well.

.397

She confided her troubles to me.

. 54

She gave us an outline of her experience.

.214

She has a baby in her arms. .25 She has brains and courage. She is a rapid speaker.

.36

.261

She is always following the latest mode..188 She is cooking in the kitchen..156 She is handy with a needle..117 She is hiding behind the door. .31 She is ignorant of the world..135 She is in the habit of eating too much..115 She is overcome by lack of sleep.

.215

She is peculiarly sensitive to smell. .224 She is seven months pregnant. .243 She is three years junior to me..153 She is under treatment in hospital.

.377

She is very skillful in legal warfare.

.401

She nodded and smiled. .200 She overcame a lot of difficulties. She practises golf to become thin.

.214 .

She scorched my shirt while ironing.

242

.298

She seems so young for her age. .423 She sprinkled the meat with pepper. .333 She turned white with fear.

.410

She welcomed me heartily..122 She wrung out her wet clothes. .419 Smoking is harmful to the health. Snow is falling.

.”8

. 83

Snow lay thick on the ground. .363

435

So much for today..192 Someone is lurking in the dark..171 Something is wrong with my stomach. Success depends on efforts.

.420

. 62

Such books as these are difficult to understand.

.345

Such remarks are unworthy to attention. .389 That accident is very unfortunate for him. .386 That fellow is as timid as a rabbit. .368 That is his favorite phrase.

.230

That is just a troublesome job. .379 That is the utmost I can do.

.390

That’s too bad. . 28 That picture slants to the right.

.319

The airplane landed safely..159 The airport is to the south of the city. .328 The baseball game was canceled due to rain. . 42 The boy broke the windowpane.

. 37

The boy struck me on the head.

.340

The boy was irregular in his attendance at school..149 The building stands on a secure foundation. .301 The bus runs every four minutes.

.290

The candles are burning bright. . 39 The child was run over by a car.

.290

The children are standing in a line..167 The city is in the north of the prefecture. .201 The committee investigated the cause of the accident.….148 The company recompensed him for his injury.

.267

The country’s internal troubles come to the end at last.….146 The criminal was put in prison.

.248

The dial rotates clockwise. . 50 The diameter of this circle is 12 inches. .64 The doctor decided to operate upon her. .210 The doctor forbade me to smoke.

.•'.93

The dog chased the cat out of the room. . 47 The enemy invaded the island..147 The factory has a daily output of 1,000 cars. The family was in raptures at the news. The firm trades with Australia.

.214

.262

.373

The friendship game was a good suggestion.

.346

The frog leapt into the water..162

436

The fruit has its own flavor.

...216

The girl turned to me. .381 The ground is covered with deep snow....ill The jury were divided in opinion..153 The location of the castle is on a high hill. ...168 The marine view from the hill is magnificent..177 The meeting lasted till ten..159 The Ministry has resigned..186 The mother rebuked her child for being lazy. The mountain is to the west of the town. The nation lacks political stability.

.265

.407

.333

The news is already spread all over the world.

.333

The night is still young. .423 The passenger airplane came into view. The patient will get well in a month.

.396

.223

The picnic was spoild by the rain. .332 The police arrested a suspect.

.351

The poll will be taken next week. The price is reasonable.

...237

.265

The professor is popular with the students. The purse is full of money.

.238

.98

The quarrel started from a misunderstanding. .335 The rain prevented me from coming yesterday.

.246

The result was a miserable failure..186 The river overflows its bank every year. .215 The robber was arrested on the spot. The rocket was launched to the moon.

.286 .286

The ship struck the rocks. .286 The song reminds me of my home.

.274

The spectators were moved to tears. .330 The store has a large variety of shoes.

.393

The street has a lot of traffic。.374 The street is very narrow here..195 The sun rises in the east. . 70 The teachers are in conference now.

. .54

The town is increasing in population..139 The train was delayed two hours. .62 The trouble lies in the engine..165 The up train arrives at 8. .389 The victory is near at hand..197

437

The work is progressing step by step.

.250

There are a few vacancies in his house.

.392

There are a lot of pansies in my garden. .218 There is a bus stop near my house. .338 There is a small shrine halfway up the mountain..116 There is enough food to sustain life. .351 There is some reason in what you say. There is yet another chance.

.265

.423

There was a bug at the bottom of my glass.

. 36

There was a tremendous increase in oil prices..139 There was too much onion in the salad.

.209

There were more than fifty passengers on the boat. They advanced through the woods at night with caution. They are busy preparing for their trip.

.221 . 22

.244

They beat the visiting basketball team. . 30 They looked at each other and smiled.

.213

They take great interest in Japanese merchandise..183 They were united again after years of separation.

.305

They were very polite to me. .237 This book belongs to me. . 32 This book is a good guide to Japan..113 This book is easy to read.

.70

This book sells well. .303 This book will surely serve you very much. .306 This cake tastes too sweet. .352 This coat is too large for me..159 This dictionary was first published in 1980. .254 This event will become historic..125 This fruit has a nasty smell..195 This is a national holiday..196 This is Mary speaking.

.364

This is my temporary residence.

.360

This is my treat. .、.377 This is very similar to that. .315 This matter requires haste.

.277

This meat seems superior to that in quality. .348 This medicine will soothe an aching tooth.

.326

This medicine works like magic. .

417

This neighbourhood was very lonesome after dark..169 This road runs parallel to the railway.

438

.219

This room is quite uncomfortable to live in. .384 This room suits me. .346 To be plain with you, I don’t like him. .232 Tokyo has now grown into a giant metropolis..184 Traffic accidents are increasing in number year by year. We aim at quality rather than quantity.

374

.258

We are leaving at noon. .201 We are quite uncertain which side will win. .383 We are ready to go on a trip.

.264

We are ten in number. .203 We bowed to our teacher. . 36 We had a good laugh at his joke..160 We had a jolly time..152 We had a nice time at the party..199 We heard sound of laughter in the next room..160 We hired a boat..125 We keep a dog.

.

155

We looked out over the lovely landscape..159 We met by chance on the street.

.46

We must consider the question from every side.

.313

We must defend our country. .62 We must do our work properly. .252 We persuaded him to do it again. We pushed him to make a speech.

.228 .256

We received the hospitality of the village people..129 We renewed the carpet. .275 We rowed a boat on the lake.

.288

We shall miss you very much..187 We took a rest in the shade.

.307

We took a walk in the spring sunshine. .348 We wear a helmet to protect our head. .253 We went fishing in the pond.

.237

We were deeply impressed with the story..138 We will respond to any questions. .279 When he gets angry, he stammers.

.334

Whoever comes will be welcome. .410 Without your help, she could do nothing. .416 Work is proceeding rapidly.

.249

You are justified in doing so..154 You are quite right.

.284

439

You are telling me.

.359

You are wanted on the phone. .401 You are welcome. ..406 You can invite whomever you like.

.411

You go first and I will follow you. . 92 You had better see a doctor at once.

. 67

You’d better take a taxi. .357 You had better vary your plan.

.393

You have only to come tomorrow. .209 You have to save for your old age.

.295

You look ridiculous in such a dress. You may come whenever you like.

.283 .408

You may read whatever book you like.

.408

You may rely on him. .273 You must keep your promise..155 You ought to obey the doctor’s advice. You should do it in an ordinary way.

.213 .212

You should eat less meat and more vegetables..180 You should live within your income. .415 You were very silly to trust him.

.315

You will learn to respect him before long..162 You will see a huge building on your right..131 Your behavior was admirable.

. 22

Your family is bigger than ours. .213

Type B (Negative sentences) He cannot speak English, not to mention French. " Page

183

He could not prove his innocence..143 He couldn’t withstand the temptation. He has no fixed occupation.

.416

.207

He is not likely to come..166 He will not modify his opinions...188 His name did not occur to me. .207 I am not in a mood to go to the movies..189 I cannot afford to indulge in such a momentary joy..188 I can’t feel sympathetic toward such a person. .354 I can’t help it..122 I cannot identify this with that..135 I cannot put up with your lies any longer.

440

.256

I cannot recall where I met you. .266 I can’t trust my money to him.

.380

I didn’t quiet catch what you said.

. 44

I don’t mind whether I gain or lose..170 I don’t want to lose my honor..127 I have never seen such a beautiful bird.

.345

I have no idea what to do with it..134 .I have nothing in particular to do today.

.221

I won’t touch the subject here. .372 If it is not inconvenient to you, Td like you to come..139 In my opinion a war will not occur. It has not rained lately.

.210

.

160

It is neither too hot nor cold in October. .207 It is not fit that you should say so. . 89 It is not good to press a drink on a person.

.245

Nobody knows where he lives now. .200 None of them are left.

.201

Not a person was to be seen in the street.

.228

Nothing could stop her lamenting..158 Oil and water will not blend. . 33 Somehow I don’t like the girl.

.326

There is no life on the moon..165 There is not enough space between the houses. This is not an occasion for laughter. This must not occur again.

.329

.206

.207

We can’t depend on him because he is still green..110

Type C (Interrogative sentences) Are these grapes ripe enough to eat?

.Page

284

Are you enjoying your summer holidays?.126 Can you cut it down to five dollars? . 59 Can you give me any information about him? ...142 Can you locate Boston on the map?.…"168 Can you recommend me a good book? Can you spare me a few minutes?

Didn’t you notice these traffic signs? Did you feel the earthquake?

...267

.329 .314

. 86

Did you partake in the meeting last night?

.220

Do you believe in ghosts?.104

441

Do you have a letter of introduction?.147 Do you like your coffee weak or strong?

.404

Do you mean to threaten? .366 Do you see?

.302

Do you seriously mean what you say? .305 Do you sometimes go to the theater? Do you sweat a lot?

.362

.352

Do you think the weather will hold? .405 Do you understand what I say? .385 Do you want a single or a return ticket? .367 Does this cloth wash well? .402 Has the laundry come back?.160 Have you ever visited Paris?

.398

Have you read today’s paper?

.219

How about taking a walk?.131 How are you getting on?.104 How deep is the pond?

....61

How did you spend your holiday?

.331

How do you like your tea?.166 How do you spell your name?

.331

How far is it from here to the park? . 84 How many lessons do you have in the afternoon?.164 How many sugars do you want in your tea? How much did you pay for the house?

.346

.223

Is anything matter with you?.179 Is he married or single? .317 Is he present at the party? .244 Is it possible to get there?

.240

Is it true that you are going to study abroad? .379 Is my name listed?.167 Is there any fresh news? . 97 Is this bird female or male? . 86 May I interrupt you for a moment?.、.147 May I keep this magazine?.155 May I smoke?.179 May I try this shirt on?

.380

May I use your telephone? .389 What are you afraid of?

.

What can I say to smooth out the situation? What day will suit you best?

442

.

22

.322 346

What did you have for lunch?.120 What do you have in your left hand?.116 What do you suppose he did? What do you want with me?

...348

.401

What does this bottle contain? . 55 What has really happened? .265 What’s her age?.

23

“What’s that man?” “That’s a palmist.” ....362 What’s the

exchange

rate

between

dollars and

today? .

yen .262

What is the Japanese for “diligent”？.….151 What’s the matter with you?.…415 What’s the postage for this parcel?

.240

What kind of man is he?.156 What led you to think so?.161 What newspaper do you take?.199 What programs are on television today?

.250

What sort of book do you want? .“.327 What time is it now? .203 What will you do after school?

.297

Where is the nearest police box?

.236

Whereabouts in New York do you live?

.408

Which boy won the prize? .409 Which do you like better, fruit juice or coffee?.153 Which do you prefer, pork or beef? .238 Which is your choice?

.48

Which platform does the train arrive at? .233 Whichever do you want to buy?

... •….409

Who are your references? .268 Who do you want to see? .410 Who is speaking, please? ...410 Who is stronger, Bill or Tom?

.341

Who is your partner in the tennis match?

.221

Who won the 100-meter race?.184 Whose notebook is this? ...202 Why are you going to be a dealer in fine arts? . Why are you so sticky about your clothing? Why do you shrink from meeting him? “Will you come?” “Sure.”

..

61 …337

...312

.349

Will you enlarge this photo?

. 74

443

Will you join us?.152 Will you tell me the way to the station? .403 Would you like to wash your hands? .402

Type D (Imperative sentences) Ask him if he saw her yesterday. .Page 135 Attention, please. . 27 Be careful not to break it. . 43 Be cautious about money affairs. . 45 Be kind to the old..156 Be watchful of him. .403 Bring me some water, please. ... 38 Call me if I am wanted. .401 Come to see us sometime. .326 Dig a big hole in the ground..126 Do it yourself. .....424 Don’t be afraid. . 22 Don’t be nervous about such a trifling error. .378 Don’t be noisy. .200 Don’t drop your cigarette ashes on the carpet. . 26 Don’t get so hot! Calm down..129 Don’t hurry. There’s plenty of time. .235 Don’t leave the door open..163 Don’t scold me for being late. .298 Don’t speak so loudly..170 Don’t spend money on unecessary things. .388 Don’t talk nonsense. .201 Don’t worry. .418 Don’t write a letter with a pencil. .225 Dry your hands on this towel. . 68 Fill in the blanks. . 33 Get me my hat. .、•.104 Get the doctor to come tomorrow..104 Give me something to drink. . 68 Go back to your seat. .300 Go straight on till you come to a bridge. .368 Just be yourself. .424 Just come here..154 Keep off the lawn..160 444

Knock at the door before you come in..157 at the clouds over the hill. ...214 Make haste with your work..119 Mind your own business. .39 Never commit an injustice..142 No matter what he says, don’t trust him..179 Pardon me for being late. .219 Pass me the salt, Please. .221 Please give me a piece of paper. .219 Please help yourself to the cake. .424 Please make out a receipt. .266 Please make yourself at home..127 Please remember me to her. .274 Please tell me whether I am right or wrong. .409 Put some sugar in my coffee. .346 Send for a doctor, please. .303 Show me some patterns of cloth. .223 Speak more slowly..…321 Stand still while I take your picture. .337 Take a step forward. .95 Take it easy. . 70 Tell me your idea on that matter..134 Try it again. .380 Turn the box upside down. .389 Wait a moment..188 Watch out! There’s a car coming. .403 し00k

Type E (Exclamatory sentences) Capital! .Page 42 Congratulations! . 54 Damn you! (Damn It!) . 60 (My) Darling! . 60 Far from it! . 84 How beautiful the stars are tonight! .370 Oh, bother! . 35 Oh, boy! . 36 That’s great!.109 What a shame! .308

445

•

-

-

English-Japanese Dictionary in ROma-Ji for one million foreigners 4卜国人のためのローマ字日本語辞典一 1991年4圬25日第1刷発行 1991年8月1日第2刷発行 著者/柴田正昭 発行者/井吹晋 発行所/株式会社創拓社

〒101東京都千代田区神田神保町2-38稲岡九段ビル6F TEし03 (3288)7100 FAX. 03 (3288)7164 振替=東京7-58550 装丁/川上成夫 本文設計/道吉剛+中村和代 印刷/株式会社萩原印刷所製本/大日本製本株式会社

*万一，落丁 •乱丁の場合はお取り替えいたします. Copyright © Masaaki Shibata 1991 Publisher/Susumu Ibuki Published by Sotakusha Publishing Co” LTD. Inaoka kudan building, 2-38 Kanda jimbocho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101,Japan All right reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in whole or in part, in any form, without permission in writting from Publisher. Printed in Japan

ISBN 4-87138-115-3 C0581

®For Japanese teachers 話しことばと日本人

水谷修

(『日本語の生態』改題）

普段何気なく使っている話しこ とばの特質を浮き彫りにする。

日本語教師ハンド'ブック

斎藤明•坂根慶子

日本語を外国人に 教える日本人の本

江副隆秀

外国人に教える 日本語文法入門 日本語教育学入門

日本語教育と国語教育の違い は？素朴な疑問(こ答える一冊。

豊かな日本語文化を伝えたいと 考える人のための日本語の本。

江副隆秀 日本語を学ふ’外国人のためにわ かりやすい日本語文法を提唱。

縫部義憲 外国語教育理論の成果をふまえ て，日本語教育学を創造する。

はじめて外国人に教える人の

永保澄雄

日本語直接教授法

略図' 身振りなどの視覚的手法 を駆使する直接教授法を解説。

声を出して読む日本語の本

西洋人の日本語発見

日本語の類意表現

経験の浅い日本

問題点の研究

塩原憒次朗 発音'発声のための滑舌例題集。 籲テープ別売

杉本つとむ キリシタンからヘボンまで，外 国人による日本語研究の歴史。

森田良行 何気なく使っている類似の表現 の，意味と用法の遠いを分析。

丸山敬介 教師が授業で直面する問題の原 因を分析し，解決方法を提示。

Roma-Ji

ISBN4-87138-115-3 C0581

P220OE

定価2200円(本体2136円）

EnglishJapanese Dictionary Roma-Ji for One Million Foreigners Masaaki Shibata

HTP 43/138 5154 94871381154 jn 15-10-14 13:42

H