Das Tierreich / The Animal Kingdom: Teilband/Part 108 Dermaptera. Eudermaptera II [Reprint 2020 ed.] 9783110872705, 9783110122985

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Henrik Steinmann Dermaptera Eudermaptera II

DAS TIERREICH The Animal Kingdom Eine Zusammenstellung und Kennzeichnung der rezenten Tierformen A Compilation and Characterization of the Recent Animal Groups nàvxa ¿eì

Sine systemate chaos Herausgeber

HEINZ WERMUTH

MAXIMILIAN FISCHER

(Wirbeltiere)

(Wirbellose)

Teilband

108

Part

w DE

G Walter de Gruyter • Berlin • New York 1993

Henrik Steinmann

Dermaptera Eudermaptera II

w DE

G Walter de Gruyter • Berlin • New York 1993

Author Dr. Henrik Steimnann D. Sc. (Biology) Hungarian Natural History Museum Zoological Department Aram u. 25 H-1193 Budapest Hungary Scientific and Managing Editor Hofrat Mag. Dr. Maximilian Fischer Naturhistorisches Museum Wien Burgring 7 A-1014 Wien Austria Citation Das Tierreich, Teilband 108 Henrik Steinmann Verlag Walter de Gruyter, Berlin • New York 1993

Deutsche Bibliothek Cataloguing in Publication Data Das Tierreich: eine Zusammenstellung und Kennzeichnung der rezenten Tierformen = The animal kingdom / Hrsg. Heinz Wermuth ; Maximilian Fischer. - Berlin ; New York ; de Gruyter. Teilw. hrsg. von Robert Mertens ; Willi Hennig. Teilw. Hrsg. Heinz Wermuth ... NE: Wermuth, Heinz [Hrsg.]; Mertens, Robert [Hrsg.]; PT Teilbd. 108. Dermaptera: Eudermaptera. - 2 . Henrik Steinmann. -1993 ISBN 3-11-012298-7 NE: Steinmann, Henrik © printed on acid free paper

© Copyright 1993 by Walter de Gruyter & Co., D-1000 Berlin 30. All rights reserved, including those of translation into foreign languages. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. - Printed in Germany. Typesetting and Printing: Tutte Druckerei GmbH, Salzweg-Passau. Binding: Dieter Mikolai, Berlin.

Systematic Index 6. Family Chelisochidae BURR 1. Subfamily Genitalatinae STEINMANN GENUS 1: GENITALATA KAPOOR

2 2

1. GENITALATA MAHAJANI KAPOOR

2. Subfamily Chelisochellinae

1

STEINMANN

3

4

GENUS 2: CHELISOCHELLA VERHOEFF

5

1. C. SUPERBA ( D O H R N )

5

2. C. DORIAE (BORMANS)

7

Genus 3: Kinesis

9

BURR

1 . K. WERNERI SRIVASTAVA 2. K. PUNCTULATA (BURR)

9 11

3. K. MOUNSEYI BURR

12

4. K. significant sp. nov 3. Subfamily Chelisochinae

13 15

BURR

GENUS 4: ADIATHETUS BURR 1. A. SHELF OR DI (BURR) 2 . A. DRAVIDIUS BURR 3. A. PROREOIDES RAMAMURTHI

16 17 18 20

4 . A. GLAUCOPTERUS (BORMANS)

21

5. A. NIGROCASTANEUS BURR

22

6. A. phoenix sp. nov 7. A. TENEBRATOR (KIRBY) GENUS 5: LAMPROPHORELLA MJÖBERG 1 . L. KERVILLEI (BURR)

Genus 6: Hamaxas

BURR

1 . H. SINGHI KAPOOR

23 24 25 26

27 28

VI 2 . H. WERNE RI SRI VASTA VA

29

3 . H. KEMPI B U R R

31

4 . H. QUADRITUBERCULATUS B U R R 5. H. FEAE (BORMANS)

32 33

6 . H. TENEBROSUS BRINDLE

34

7 . H. BIDENTATUS RAMAMURTHI

35

8 . H. NIGRORUFUS ( B U R R )

36

9 . H. VERSICOLOR BORELLI 1 0 . H. VARICORNIS (BORMANS) 1 1 . H. SEMILUTEUS (BORMANS)

38 39 40

1 2 . H. KOZLOVI SEMENOV & BEY-BIENKO

41

1 3 . H. FUSCUS (BORELLI)

43

1 4 . H. MELANOCEPHALUS ( D O H R N ) 1 5 . H. CRASSUS BORELLI 1 6 . H. PUSILLUS (BORELLI) ? DOHERTYI ( B U R R ) ?FLETCHERI(HEBARD)

GENUS 7: EUENKRATES R E H N 1. E. VARIEGATUM ( K I R B Y )

44 45 46 47 47

48 49

2 . E. SIMPLEX RAMAMURTHI

50

3 . E. BOESEMANI STEINMANN

51

4 . E. ELEGANS (BORMANS) GENUS 8: TAUROPYGIA BRINDLE 1. T. TRIDENTATA BRINDLE

GENUS 9 : GRESSITOLABIS BRINDLE 1. G. DELICATULA BRINDLE 2 . G. GURNEYI BRINDLE

GENUS 1 0 : ADIATHELLA BRINDLE 1. A. PHILIPPINENSIS SRIVASTAVA

52 54 54

55 56 57

58 59

2 . A. INCISA BRINDLE

60

3. A. LINGUA BRINDLE

61

4 . A. SPINOSA BRINDLE

62

GENUS 1 1 : EXYPNUS B U R R

63

1. E. CHINENSIS STEINMANN

64

2 . E. PULCHRIPENNIS (BORMANS)

65

3 . E. KOORGENSIS HEBARD

66

VII Genus 12: Schizochelisoches 1 . S. formosanus (BURR)

STEINMANN

2. S. BREVIPENNIS (BORELLI) 3. S. DIODONTUS (RAMAMURTHI) GENUS 13: CHELISOCHES SCUDDER

68 68 69 71 72

1. C. MORIO (FABRICIUS)

74

2. C. MALGACHUS BORMANS

76

3. C. CHOPARDI HINCKS

77

4 . C. FLAVIPENNIS (FABRICIUS)

78

5. C. PERSIMILIS MENOZZI

80

6. C. SEMIRUFUS BORELLI

81

7. C. AUSTRALICUS (LE GUILLON) 8. C. ATER BORMANS 9.

C. kimberleyensis

82 83

MJÖBERG

10. C. HANDSCHINI GÜNTHER

84 86

11. C. CALOPTERYX GÜNTHER

87

12. C. ANNULATUS BURR

88

13. C. CHEESMANAE HINCKS

? paravicinii

89

GÜNTHER

91

GENUS 14: SOLENOSOMA BURR

91

1. BIRMANUM (BORMANS) GENUS 15: SCHIZOPROREUS STEINMANN 1. S. RITSEMAE (BORMANS) 2. S. SHAFFII (BHARADWAJ & KAPOOR) 3. S. PERSUASUS SP. NOV 4. S. DELICATULUS (BURR) 5. S. DENTATUS (SRIVASTAVA) GENUS 16: PROREUS BURR 1. P.ORPHEUS SP. NOV

91 92 93 95 96 97 98 99 101

2. P. COALESCENS (BORELLI)

102

3. P. VARIOPICTUS (BORMANS)

103

4. P. INERMIS BEY-BIENKO

105

5. P. SOBRIUS (BORMANS)

106

6. P. TEZPURENSIS (SRIVASTAVA)

107

7. P. CORPORAALI BOESEMAN

108

8. P. LUDEKINGI (DOHRN)

109

9. P. TORREVILLASI SRIVASTAVA 10. P. SIMULANS (STÄL)

110 112

VIII 11. P MINOR (CAUDELL)

113

1 2 . P. LAETIOR ( D O H R N )

114

1 3 . P. DUROIDES HEBARD

115

1 4 . P. UNIDENTATUS BEY-BIENKO 1 5 . P. ABDOMINALIS RAMAMURTHI 1 6 . P. CUNCTATOR BURR 17. P. FUSCIPENNIS (DE H A A N ) 1 8 . P. WEISSI ( B U R R )

116 117 118 119 120

? HORSFIELDI (KIRBY)

122

? COLORATUS (BURR)

122

? LONGIFORCEPS RAMAMURTHI

122

? RAMAMURTHII KAPOOR

122

? CHATTERJEEI KAPOOR, BHARADWAJ & BENERJEE

122

? BIRATNAGARENSIS KAPOOR, MALLA & SHAH

122

7. FAMILY FORFICULIDAE STEPHENS

122

1. SUBFAMILY ANCISTROGASTRINAE VERHOEFF

124

GENUS 1: OSTEULCUS BURR

125

1. O. AFRICANUS BRINDLE

126

2. O. KERVILLEI (BURR)

127

GENUS 2 : LITOCOSMIA HEBARD

128

1. L. RORAIMAE HEBARD

129

GENUS 3: PARACOSMIA BORELLI

130

1. P. AMBESA ( M E N O Z Z I )

130

2 . P. DUGESI BORELLI

132

3. P. TRISTANI (BORELLI) 4 . P. SILVESTRII BORELLI ? GULOSA (SCUDDER) ? IMPENNIS (BORMANS) GENUS 4 : PRAOS BURR 1. P. ALFARI (BORELLI)

133 134 135 135 135 136

2 . P. BIOLLEYI (BORELLI)

137

3. P. CURIOSUS SP. NOV

139

4 . P. PERDITUS (BORELLI)

140

5. P. ROBUSTUS BORELLI

141

? INTERMEDINS (BURR)

142

? PAULENSIS (MOREIRA)

142

IX Genus 5: Sarcinatrìx REHN 1. S. ANOMALIA ( R E H N ) 2 . S. QUADRIMACULATA BRINDLE GENUS 6: ANCISTROGASTER STÀL

1. A. globalis sp. nov

142 143 145 146

147

2 . A. CHAMPIONI BORMANS

149

3. A.FESTAE BORELLI

150

4 . A. VARIEGATA ( D O H R N )

151

5. A. UNCINATA (BORELLI)

152

6. A. SIGNIFICANS STEINMANN

153

7. A. MENDESI MOREIRA

155

8. A. SCABIOSA STEINMANN

156

9 . A. SPINAX D O H R N

157

1 0 . A. ARTHRITICA SCUDDER

158

1 1 . A. MACULIFERA ( D O H R N )

159

12. A. MIXTA BORELLI

160

13. A. LUCTUOSA STÄL

162

? BURRI KIRBY

163

2. SUBFAMILY COSMIELLINAE STEINMANN

163

Genus 7: Brachycosmiella gen. nov

164

1. B. SOGAI (BRINDLE)

165

Genus 8: Paracosmiella gen. nov 1. P. SIMPLEX (BRINDLE) 1. P. DIVERSA (HINCKS) GENUS 9: FORCEPSIA MOREIRA 1. F. PULLA MOREIRA

Genus 10: Neocosmiella

166 166 167 168 169

HEBARD

1. N. ATRATA HEBARD

2. N. magnifica sp. nov

170 171

172

Genus 11: Liparura BURR

172

1. L. SIMPLEX BRINDLE

173

2. L. PUNCTATA (BURR) 3. L. MONTUOSA STEINMANN 4 . L. DENTATA SRIVASTAVA 5. L. KAMENGENSIS SRIVASTAVA 6. L. SERRATA SRIVASTAVA

174 176 177 178 179

X 7. L. TEGMINATA (STEINMANN) ? SINENSIS CHEN GENUS 12: OBELURA BURR 1. O. ASIATICA (BORMANS) 2 . O. TAMUL (BURR) GENUS 13: HYPOCOSMIELLA GEN. NOV I . H. VENEZUELICA (BRINDLE) GENUS 14: COSMIELLA VERHOEFF 1. C. BRASILIENSIS MOREIRA 2 . C. DECUI (STEINMANN)

180 182 182 182 183 184 185 186 188 189

3. C. REBUS (BURR)

190

4 . C. JAVANA (BORMANS)

191

5. C. APTERA VERHOEFF 6. C. TUBERCULATA (BORELLI) 7. C. NITENS (GÜNTHER) 8. C. DUBIA (BORMANS) 9 . C. CORNUTA (BEY-BIENKO) 1 0 . C. HYDRA STEINMANN I I . C. EXORNATA STEINMANN 12. C.FLAVICORNIS(HINCKS) 13. C. LONGIFORCEPS (BRINDLE)

192 194 195 195 196 197 198 199 201

14. C. MADAGASCARIENSIS (BRINDLE)

202

15. C. UNICOLOR (BRINDLE)

203

16. C. ERIDANA STEINMANN 17. C. ADOLFI (BURR) 18. C. PYGIDIATA (BRINDLE) 19. C. BILOBATA (BRINDLE) 2 0 . C. ARTIFICIOSA STEINMANN 2 1 . C . BICOLOR (BRINDLE) 2 2 . C . NEAVEI (BURR) 2 3 . C . LAEVIS (BRINDLE) 2 4 . C . MINIMA (BRINDLE)

204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212

2 5 . C . INTERMEDIA (BRINDLE)

213

2 6 . C . RUGOSA (BRINDLE)

214

GENUS 15: MIXOCOSMIA BORELLI

215

1. M.

TOLTECA (SCUDDER)

216

2 . M.

CAVERNICOLA BRINDLE

217

3. M.

CARRIKERI ( R E H N )

218

XI 4 . M.

VARIABILIS (BRINDLE)

219

5. M.

TRISTANI BORELLI

221

6. M. BORELLII MENOZZI

222

GENUS 16: KLETER BURR

223

1. K. REHNI (BURR)

224

2. K. BOESEMANI (BRINDLE)

225

3. K. SCAMPOLO SP. NOV

226

4 . K. ATERRIMUS (BORMANS)

227

5. K. AMAZONENSIS (BORMANS)

228

6 . K. AMERICANUS (BORMANS)

229

7 . K. BORELLII (BURR)

230

8. K. PER PLEXUS (KIRBY)

231

9 . K. DEVIANS ( D O H R N )

231

? NIGRIPENNIS (SCUDDER) GENUS 17: AFROCOSMIA HINCKS 1. A. BRUNNEA (BRINDLE)

232 232 233

2 . A. DENTICULATA HINCKS

234

3. A. RHODESIENSIS BRINDLE

235

GENUS 18: LIPODES BURR

236

1. L. FILIFORMES BORELLI

237

2 . L. VIVAX (BURR)

238

GENUS 19: COSMIOLA BEY-BIENKO 1. C. SIMPLEX BEY-BIENKO

238 239

3. SUBFAMILY OPISTHOCOSMIINAE VERHOEFF

240

GENUS 2 0 : CIPEX BURR

241

1 . C. SCHWARZI ( R E H N )

242

2 . C. ELONGATUS (BORMANS)

243

GENUS 2 1 : SONDAX BURR 1 . S. POTANINI BEY-BIENKO 2 . S. REPENS BURR GENUS 2 2 : PARASONDAX SRIVASTAVA 1. P. CANTRALLI SRIVASTAVA GENUS 2 3 : PARASYNTONUS GEN. NOV 1. P. ENSIFER (BURR)

244 245 246 246 247 248 248

XII Genus 24: Syntonus BURR

249

1 . S. AFRICANUS (BRINDLE)

250

2. S. SERRATUS SRIVASTAVA

251

3. S. SIMPLEX SRIVASTAVA 4 . S. NEOLOBOPHOROIDES ( B U R R )

252 253

5. S. MONTANUS HINCKS

254

6. S. venus sp. nov

255

Genus 25: Eutimomena

BEY-BIENKO

1 . E. PARADOXA BEY-BIENKO 2. E. VALIDA (STEINMANN) GENUS 2 6 : OPISTHOCOSMIA D O H R N 1. O. SILVESTRIS MOREIRA

256 256 258 259 259

2 . O. TENUIS HEBARD

261

3. O. LONGIPES (DE H A A N )

262

4 . O. CERVIPYGA KIRBY

263

5. O. CENTURIO D O H R N

264

? VIGILANS (STÄL)

266

GENUS 2 7 : NEOOPISTHOCOSMIA GEN. NOV 1 . N. GEIJSKESI (BRINDLE)

Genus 28: Pareparchus BURR

266 266

267

1 . P. MINUSCULUS (BORMANS)

268

2 . P. PELVIMETER HEBARD

269

Genus 29: Prosadiya

HEBARD

1. P. TRICOTA HEBARD

Genus 30: Hypurgus BURR 1 . H. POECILOCERUS (BORG)

270 270

271 273

2. H. OVA (BORMANS)

274

3. H. SANGUS ( R E H N )

276

4 . H. MICHELI (BURR) 5. H. UNIFORMIS BORELLI 6. H. GRATA (HEBARD) 7. H. DISCOLOR STEINMANN 8. H.FULVUS BURR 9 . H. HUMERALIS (KIRBY)

Genus 31: Timomenus BURR

276 278 279 280 281 282

283

XIII 1. T. BICUSPIS (STÄL) 2. T. JACOBSONI BORELLI 3. T. INERMIS BORELLI 4. T. JOSEPHI SRIVASTAVA 5. T. SHELFORDI (BURR) 6. T. BICOSTATUS BORELLI 7. T. LONGIFORCEPS SRIVASTAVA 8. T. UNIDENTATUS BORELLI 9. T. VICINUS (BURR) 10. T. LOBOPHOROIDES (DOHRN) 11. T. MORSUS STEINMANN 12. T. ITERATUS STEINMANN 13. T. HADDENI SRIVASTAVA

286 287 288 289 290 291 293 294 295 295 297 298 299

14. T. PIELI HINCKS

300

15. 7:TFRES(BURR)

301

16. T. AERIS (SHIRAKI) 17. T. ROBUSTUS SRIVASTAVA

302 303

18. T. NEVILLI (BURR)

304

19. T. LUGENS (BORMANS)

305

2 0 . T. AESCULAPIUS (BURR)

306

2 1 . T. OANNES (BURR)

307

2 2 . T. SINUATUS SRIVASTAVA

309

2 3 . T. KOMAROVI (SEMENOV) GENUS 32: PARATIMOMENUS STEINMANN

310 311

1 . P.FLAVOCAPITATUS(SHIRAKI)

312

2. P. BRAHMA (BURR)

313

3. P. NATHANI (SRIVASTAVA)

315

4 . P. ARCHIBOLDI SRIVASTAVA

316

5. P. INCOGNITUS SP. NOV

317

6. P. ELONGATUS (SRIVASTAVA) 7. P. SIMULANS (SRIVASTAVA) GENUS 33: EPARCHUS BURR

318 319 320

1. E. INSIGNIS (DE HAAN)

321

2. E. GLOBUS SP. NOV

323

3. E. FORCIPATUS (DE HAAN)

324

4 . E. CRUCENTATUS BURR

325

5. E. TENELLUS (DE HAAN)

326

6. E. BURRI (BORMANS)

328

7. E. MINDANENSIS GÜNTHER

329

8. E. SUBFLAVUS (STEINMANN)

330

XIV 9 . E. MERCATOR (STEINMANN) 10. E. SIMPLEX (BORMANS)

331 332

11. E. BIROI (BURR)

334

12. E. DUX (BORMANS)

335

? YEZOENSIS (SHIRAKI) ? BECCARRII (BORMANS) GENUS 3 4 : ACANTHOCORDAX GÜNTHER 1. A. SPINOSUS GÜNTHER 2 . A. DORSALIS BRINDLE 3. A. SATANUS STEINMANN 4 . A. RHACHYNOTUS (HEBARD) 5. A. PAPUANUS GÜNTHER 6. A. SPATULATUS RAMAMURTHI

GENUS 3 5 : CORDAX BURR 1. C. BIFURCATUS BRINDLE

336 336 336 337 338 340 341 342 343

344 345

2 . C. FORMOSUS ( B U R R )

346

3. C. ARMATUS (DE H A A N )

347

4 . C. GOLIATH SP. NOV 5. C. VANKAMPENI BURR 6 . C. CEYLONICUS (MOTSCHULSKY) 7. C. VANDERMEERMOHRI MENOZZI ? POLITUS BURR

GENUS 3 6 : SPINOSOCORDAX STEINMANN 1. S. EXCELSIOR STEINMANN

GENUS

?: CHAETOCOSMIA NISHIKAWA ? TAIWANICA NISHIKAWA

349 350 351 352 353

353 353

354 354

4 . SUBFAMILY DIAPERASTICINAE BURR

355

GENUS 3 7 : DIAPERASTICUS BURR

355

1. D. BONCHAMPSI (BURR)

357

2 . D. SUDANICUS STEINMANN 3. D. KRAUSEI STEINMANN 4 . D. SANSIBARICUS (KARSCH) 5. D. ERYTHROCEPHALUS (OLIVIER) 6. D. WITTEI HINCKS 5. SUBFAMILY ALLODAHLINAE VERHOEFF

358 359 360 362 364 365

XV Genus 38: Eulithinus H I N C K S

367

1. E. ANALIS (RAMBUR)

367

2 . E. MONTANUS (STEINMANN)

368

GENUS 3 9 : BRINDLEIANA STEINMANN 1. B. ATLAS STEINMANN

Genus 40: Allodahlia

370 370

VERHOEFF

371

1. A. SCABRIUSCULA (SERVILLE)

373

2 . A. OCHROPTERA BRINDLE

374

3 . A. AHRIMANES ( B U R R )

375

4 . A. GUPTAE KAPOOR

376

5. A. DINESHI G A N G O L A

377

6 . A. ANCYLURA ( D O H R N ) 7 . A. BISPINA BEY-BIENKO 8. A. CORIACEA (BORMANS) 9 . A. MARTENSI BRINDLE

379 380 381 382

1 0 . A. MACROPYGA (WESTWOOD)

384

1 1 . A. JULKAI SRIVASTAVA

385

1 2 . A. OXYPYGA BEY-BIENKO

386

6. Subfamily Anechurinae

BURR

GENUS 4 1 : NEOPTERYGIDA SRIVASTAVA 1. N. CIRCULATA ( D O H R N )

Genus 42: Pterygida

VERHOEFF

1. P. LONGIFORCEPS (SRIVASTAVA) 2 . P. INTERMEDIA (BORELLI) 3 . P. FERRARLA ( B U R R ) 4 . P. HARPYA STEINMANN 5. P. VISHNU ( B U R R ) 6 . P. GRACILIS (BRINDLE) 7 . P. EURYPYGA (BEY-BIENKO) 8 . P. ORNATICAPITATA (SHIRAKI) 9 . P. CORNUTA (RAMAMURTHI) 1 0 . P. TEMORA ( B U R R ) 1 1 . P . ANNANDALEI ( B U R R ) 1 2 . P. JAGORI ( D O H R N ) 1 3 . P. TAGALENSIS (BORELLI) 1 4 . P. BURGURSI ( B U R R ) 1 5 . P. BOSEI (BHARADWAJ & K A P O O R ) ? PULCHRIPES (BORMANS)

387 389 390

391 392 393 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 409

XVI ? POULTONI (BURR)

409

? CLAVIGER (BURR)

409

? MACULATA (BEY-BIENKO)

409

GENUS 4 3 : CHELIDURA LATREILLE 1. C. SEMENOVI (BEY-BIENKO)

409 411

2. C. SPECIFICA STEINMANN

412

3. C. APFELBECKI WERNER

413

4 . C. CHELMOSENSIS (MARAN)

415

5. C. CARPATHICA (STEINMANN & KIS) SP. NOV

416

6. C. APTERA (MEGERLE) 7. C. BOLIVARI DUBRONY 8. C. REDUX (SEMENOV) 9. C. ACANTHOPYGIA (GENE) 10. C. EUXINA (SEMENOV) 11. C. RUSSICA (STEINMANN)

417 419 420 421 423 424

12. C. NURISTANICA STEINMANN

425

13. C. PRZEWALSKII (SEMENOV)

427

14. C. TIBETANA (SEMENOV & BEY-BIENKO)

428

15. C. MUTICA KRAUSS

429

16. C . PYRENAICA (BONELLI)

430

17. C. TRANSSILVANICA (EBNER) GENUS 4 4 : EUMEGALURA BEY-BIENKO 1. E. MANDARINA BEY-BIENKO GENUS 4 5 : PERIRRHYTUS BURR 1 . P. EDENTULUS (WOLLASTON)

431 433 433 434 435

2. P. MADEIRENSIS (BORELLI)

436

3. P. LUNDBLADI HINCKS

437

GENUS 4 6 : PSEUDOCHELIDURA VERHOEFF 1. P. SINUATA (LAFRESNAYE) 2. P. MINOR STEINMANN

438 439 440

3. P. MONTUOSA STEINMANN

442

4 . P. ORSINII (GENE)

443

GENUS 4 7 : MESASIOBIA SEMENOV 1. M. HEMIXANTHOCARA SEMENOV GENUS 4 8 : OREASIOBIA SEMENOV 1. O. FEDTSCHENKOI (SAUSSURE)

444 445 446 447

XVII 2. O. CHINENSIS STEINMANN 3. O. CALCIATA (BORELLI)

448 449

4. O. SIMILIS STEINMANN

451

5. O. PIGER STEINMANN

452

6. O. STOLICZKAE (BURR)

GENUS 4 9 : ANECHURA SCUDDER

453

454

1. A. POTANINI BEY-BIENKO

456

2. A. SENATOR STEINMANN

457

3. A. FORFICULIFORMIS SEMENOV & BEY-BIENKO

459

4. A. HARMANDI (BURR)

459

5. A. LEWISI (BURR)

461

6. A.JAPONICA

462

(BORMANS)

7. A. LUCIFER STEINMANN

463

8. A. GLOBALIS STEINMANN

464

9. A. NAYYARI KAPOOR

466

10. A. FILCHNERI (BURR)

467

11. A. MODESTA BEY-BIENKO

468

12. A. PRIMARIA BEY-BIENKO

469

13. A. QUELPARTA OKAMOTO

469

14. A. PIRPANJALAE KAPOOR

471

15.

472

ZUBOVSKII SEMENOV

16. A. TORQUATA BURR

473

17. A. CRINITATA (SHIRAKI)

474

18. A. BIPUNCTATA (FABRICIUS) 19. A. SVENHEDINI BEY-BIENKO ? SOKOTRANA BURR ? NIGRESCENS SHIRAKI ? RUBICAPITIS LIU 7. SUBFAMILY NEOLOBOPHORINAE BURR

475 411 478 478 478 478

GENUS 50: EUDOHRNIA BURR

479

1. E. METALLICA (DOHRN)

480

2. E. UNIFORMIS BRINDLE ? ZEAE (LIU)

GENUS 51: TRISTANELLA BORELLI 1. T. TUBERCULATA BORELLI

481 483

483 483

2. T. BIACULEATA BORELLI

484

3. T. INERMIS BORELLI

485

XVIII Genus 52: Setocordax

BRINDLE

1. S. GURNEYI BRINDLE

Genus 53: Neolobophora

487 487

SCUDDER

1. N. INCA BRINDLE

488 489

2. N. BOGOTENSIS SCUDDER

490

3. N. HANDLIRSCHI BURR

491

? BICOLOR BORELLI

492

Genus 54: Metresura REHN

492

1. M. PYGMAEA BRINDLE

493

2 . M.

RUGOSA BRINDLE

3. M.

INSOLITA (BORELLI)

4 . M.

BORELLII (BURR)

496

5. M.

RUFICEPS (BURMEISTER)

497

6. M.

VOLSELLA (SCUDDER)

7. M. FLAVICEPS BRINDLE 8. M. FLAVIPES BRINDLE

494 495

498 499 500

8. Subfamily Forficulinae VERHOEFF

500

Genus 55: Chamaipites BURR

501

1. C. HERMES (BURR)

501

Genus 56: Skalistes BURR

502

1. S . INOPINATA (BURR)

504

2. S. LUGUBRIS ( D O H R N )

505

3. S. CORNUTA (BURR)

506

4 . S. CACAOENSIS (CAUDELL)

507

5. S. BIOLLEYI (BORELLI) 6 . S. VARA (SCUDDER)

508 509

7. S. LUCASI BRINDLE

510

8. S. COLUMBIANA STEINMANN

511

9 . S. VIDUA (BURR) 1 0 . S. LINSLEYI BRINDLE

512 513

11. S. SMITHI (BORMANS)

514

? PERUVIANA BRINDLE

514

Genus 57: Parlax BURR 1. P. NIEUWENHUISI ( B U R R )

Genus 58: Dorn BURR 1. D. SPICULIFERUM (KIRBY)

516 516

517 519

XIX 2 . D. DOHRNI STEINMANN

520

3. D. ALBIPES (FABRICIUS)

521

4 . D. LEUCOPTERYX BURR

522

5. D. ROBUSTUM BRINDLE

523

6. D. PLATENSIS BORELLI

524

7. D. TURBATOR STEINMANN 8. D. UNICOLOR BRINDLE 9 . D. BEYBIENKOI STEINMANN

526 527 528

1 0 . D. LINEARE (ESCHSCHOLTZ)

529

1 1 . D. TAENIATUM ( D O H R N )

530

1 2 . D. ACULEATUM (SCUDDER)

532

13. D. CINCINNATOI MACHADO

533

14. D. LUTEIPES ("SCUDDER)

533

15. D. GRACILIS (BURMEISTER)

535

GENUS 5 9 : ELAUNON BURR

536

1. E. BIPARTITUS (KIRBY)

536

? GANGOLI GANGOLA

538

GENUS 6 0 : APTERYGIDA WESTWOOD

539

1. A. MEDIA (HAGENBACH)

539

2. A. TUBERCULOSA SHIRAKI 3. A. TUMIDA SHIRAKI GENUS 6 1 : AFROFORFICULA GEN. NOV 1. A. KAFFIR ( B U R R )

541 541 542 543

2 . A. NIGERRIMA (BRINDLE)

544

3. A. CAPENERI (HINCKS)

545

4 . A. BRONGERSMAI (BOESEMAN)

546

GENUS 6 2 : PROFORFLCULA GEN. NOV 1. P. STUCKENBERGI (BRINDLE) 2 . P. PERINGUEYI (BURR)

547 548 549

3. P. PURCELLI (BURR)

550

4 . P. ANGOLENSIS (BRINDLE)

551

5. P. PROMONTORII ( B U R R )

552

GENUS 6 3 : GUANCHIA BURR

554

1. G. TAYLORI (POPHAM)

556

2. G. RUGULOSA (HINCKS)

557

3. G. CRASSA (BRINDLE)

558

4 . G. REHNI ( B U R R )

559

XX 5. G. BITUBERCULATA (BRINDLE)

560

6. G. TRIANGULATA (HINCKS)

561

7. G. SJOESTEDTI (BURR)

563

8. G. BREVITARSIS (CHOPARD)

564

9. G. SCHMITZI (BORELLI)

565

10. G. CANADENSIS (BURR)

566

1 1 . G. UXORIS (HELLER)

567

12. G. GUANCHARIA (HELLER)

568

13. G. FERNANDEZI MARTIN

569

14. G. CABRERAE (BOLIVAR)

570

15. G. TENERIFENSIS MARTIN 16. G. BANDAMAENSIS MARTIN 17. G. TRANSVERSA BRINDLE 1 8 . G. STORAI CHOPARD 1 9 . G. GOMERENSIS MARTIN 2 0 . G. KAZNAKOVI (SEMENOV) 2 1 . G. CIRCINATA (FINOT) 2 2 . G. PUBESCENS (GENE) 2 3 . G. OBTUSANGULA (KRAUSS)

571 572 573 575 576 577 578 578 580

2 4 . G. BÙGNOLA (TAGLIANTI)

581

2 5 . G. HINCKSI (BURR)

582

2 6 . G. MEDICA BURR

583

2 7 . G. LUCENS (BRINDLE)

584

2 8 . G. DISTENDENS (BRINDLE)

585

2 9 . G. UVAROVI (SEMENOV & BEY-BIENKO)

586

3 0 . G. BICARINATA HINCKS

587

3 1 . G. CHIRURGO BURR

588

GENUS 6 4 : FORFICULA LINNAEUS

589

1. F. COLONIAE (BURR)

595

2. F. CHOPARDI (HINCKS)

596

3. F. CAVALLII (BORELLI) 4 . F. PICTA KIRBY

597 598

5. F. LUCASI D O H R N

599

6. F. BEELZEBUB (BURR)

601

7. F. AURICULARIA LINNAEUS

603

8. F. BORELLII BRINDLE 9. F.FISTULASP. NOV

605 606

1 0 . F. BROLEMANNI BORELLI

607

1 1 . F. SENEGALENSIS SERVILLE

608

12. F APENNINA COSTA 13. F. LESNEI FINOT

609 611

XXI 1 4 . F. SILANA COSTA

612

1 5 . F. AETOLICA BRUNNER

613

1 6 . F. DECIPIENS GENE

614

1 7 . F. IBERICA STEINMANN

616

18. F. HIROMASAI NISHIKAWA

617

19. F. TOMIS (KOLENATI)

618

2 0 . F. SCUDDERI BORMANS

620

2 1 . F. PARATOMIS STEINMANN

621

2 2 . F. SMYRNENSIS SERVILLE

622

2 3 . F. MIKADO BURR

624

2 4 . F. LAEVIFORCEPS CHOPARD 2 5 . F. ABRUTIANA BORELLI

625 626

2 6 . F. RUFICOLLIS FABRICIUS

627

2 7 . F. RIFFENSIS BURR

629

2 8 . F. SAGITTA SEMENOV

630

2 9 . F. VICARIA SEMENOV

631

3 0 . F. LURIDA FISCHER

632

3 1 . F. PUELLA STEINMANN

634

3 2 . F. BEEBEI BURR 3 3 . F. CHERAPUNJIAE KAPOOR 3 4 . F. KASHMIRENSIS SRIVASTAVA

635 636 637

3 5 . F. KAMBAITENSIS HINCKS

638

3 6 . F. MACROBASIS BEY-BIENKO

639

3 7 . F. EXTERNA BEY-BIENKO

641

3 8 . F. FONTANA STEINMANN

642

3 9 . F DAVIDI BURR

643

4 0 . F. MEENAE KAPOOR

644

4 1 . F. MOGUL BURR

645

4 2 . F. SUBAURICULARIA BEY-BIENKO 4 3 . F. BEREZOVSKYI BEY-BIENKO 4 4 . F. SINICA BEY-BIENKO 4 5 . F. WITTMERI SRIVASTAVA

646 647 648 650

4 6 . F. PLANICOLLIS KIRBY

651

4 7 . F. CRISTATA SRIVASTAVA

652

4 8 . F. BAIJALI KAPOOR 4 9 . F. BIPLAGA BEY-BIENKO 5 0 . F. TAWANGENSIS SRIVASTAVA 5 1 . F.JAYARAMI

SRIVASTAVA

5 2 . F GREENI (BURR) 5 3 . F. INDIAE KAPOOR

653 655 655 657 658 659

5 4 . F. HARBEREI BURR

660

5 5 . F. ABBOTTABADIENSIS BHARADWAJ & KAPOOR

661

XXII 5 6 . F. INTERROGANS BURR

662

5 7 . F. BHUTANENSIS BRINDLE

663

5 8 . F. CALMAR STEINMANN

664

5 9 . F. CICERO STEINMANN 6 0 . F. MANDARINA BORELLI 6 1 . F. GENITALIA KAPOOR 6 2 . F.FLAVALIS BRINDLE 6 3 . F. HINNULEA HINCKS 6 4 . F. SCHLAGINTWEITI ( B U R R )

665 666 668 669 670 671

6 5 . F. ORNATA BORMANS

672

6 6 . F. SPLENDIDA BEY-BIENKO

673

6 7 . F. VILMI STEINMANN 6 8 . F. BURGERSI GÜNTHER ? CAPENSIS THUNBERGER ? MABILLEI ROCHENBERG ?FLEXUOSAFABRICIUS ? DOUMERCI SERVILLE

674 676 677 677 677 677

? ALBERTISII DUBRONY

677

? GRAVELYI BURR

677

? KINFOMONTIS L I U

677

? FASCIATA THUNBERGER

677

GENUS ?: MESOLABIA SHIRAKI ? NIITAKAENSIS SHIRAKI

678 678

REFERENZES

679

INDEX

703

Family 6: Chelisochidae

BURR

1907 Chelisochidae BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. London, 1907: 124. - Genus typicum: Chelisoches SCUDDER, 1 8 7 6 .

1909 Chelisochinae (in family Forficulidae) - BURR, Dt. ent. Z., 1909: 325. 1911 Chelisochidae - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 62. 1989 Chelisochidae - STEINMANN, World Catalogue of Dermaptera, Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, p. 5 9 7 . L i t e r a t u r e : BEY-BIENKO, 1 9 3 6 ; BORELLI, 1 9 1 5 ; BRINDLE, 1 9 7 0 , 1 9 7 1 , 1 9 7 2 , 1 9 7 3 ; BURR, 1 9 1 0 ; HINCKS, 1 9 4 7 , 1 9 5 7 ; KAPOOR, 1 9 6 7 ; POPHAM, 1 9 6 5 , 1 9 6 8 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 1 , 1 9 8 2 ; SHIRAKI, 1 9 2 8 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 7 5 , 1 9 8 1 , 1 9 8 3 , 1 9 8 7 ; ZACHER, 1 9 1 1 , 1 9 1 2 .

Description: A relatively small family, entirely Old World in distribution except for Chelisoches morio (FABRICIUS, 1 7 7 5 ) recorded as an adventive in North America. A very distinct and characteristic group of the Dermaptera. Generally dark, often black. A common and very characteristic feature is the peculiar development of the tarsomeron mediale, which bears a peg-shaped, obtuse process, extending visibly and strikingly under the ventral surface of the metatarsus and there accumbent below the last joint, indiscernible from above. In a laterial view it is also very distinct, longer, and occasionally several times longer, than the last joint. The most highly developed group of the forficuloid-type Eudermaptera. Body slenderer, legs longer, wings well-developed or absent. The majority of species with a cylindrical and only slightly flattened body. A common characteristic is the male paramere, possessing on the apical surface one genital lobe with included virga in most species. Base of virga with a basal vesicle, or this vesicle absent. The systematic position of the Chelisochidae presents a number of problems. The original classification of the earwigs by VERHOEFF ( 1 9 0 2 ) , and ZACHER ( 1 9 1 1 ) placed it near the Labiidae and Forficulidae, but the revision of the general systematics of the order by POPHAM ( 1 9 6 5 ) , and STEINMANN ( 1 9 7 5 ) placed the Chelisochidae as a separate family in the subordo Eudermaptera, as it showed parallel trends of evolution towards the possession of the single penis lobe to those of the Forficulidae. The Chelisochidae resemble the Allostethinae (family Labiduridae) in having acuminate external parameres in the male genitalia. If this feature is a primitive one, it implies that the Chelisochidae separated from the main forficuloid stock at an early stage, possibly soon after a reniform vesicle had evolved at the base of the virga.

2 Distribution: Ethiopean, Oriental, and Indo-Austral regions. 3 subfamilies. Identification key to the subfamilies 1

Entirely apterous. Male genitalia undeveloped, not of Chelisochid-type; genital lobe present or absent, but distal lobe without virga subfamily 1: Genitalatinae, p. 2 1' Tegmina and wings present; tegmina short, wings abortive, or tegmina and wings normally developed; male genitalia fully developed, genital lobe prominent 2 2 Laterial margins of tegmina with a ridge-like keel, occasionally not extending along entire segment. Antero-lateral angles of pronotum more or less elongate. Forceps robust, mostly thickened, inner margins dentate subfamily 2: Chelisochellinae, p. 4 2' Lateral margins of tegmina without a ridge-like edge. Of extremely varying shape and with considerable sexual dimorphism, even with a number of species displaying a certain range of individual (or subspecific?) variation. Tibia smooth or striated, nearly reaching end of abdomen, or shorter and extending only to half its length. Forceps highly varyied; short and simple, or elongate, serrately dentate on their inner margins along a shorter or a longer section. Anterior margin of external parameres of male genitalia strongly constricted or normal subfamily 3: Chettsochinae, p. 15

Subfamily 1: Genitalatinae

STEINMANN

1987 Genitalatinae STEINMANN, Annls hist.-nat. Mus. natn. hung., 79: 114. - Genus typicum: Genitalata

KAPOOR, 1 9 7 4 .

Description: Totally apterous; moderately large, slender species. Antennae 36—(?) jointed; third antennal joint long, slender and nearly as long as 4, 5 and 6th joints combined. Pronotum narrower than head, slightly widened posteriorly. Legs long and slender, first tarsal segment longer than the 2nd and 3rd combined; second produced as a small lobe below the 3rd. Abdomen slender, elongated, and parallel-sided; ultimate tergite short and transverse. Pygidium very small. Male forceps contiguous, long and slender. Penultimate sternite ample, and broadly rounded. Male genitalia very characteristic, undeveloped; central parameral plate broad, genital lobe present, but very simple, with a narrow median incision; distal lobe without virga. External parameres broad and elongated, nearly of equal width throughout, apex slightly narrowed towards inner margin. Distribution: Indian subregion. Single genus. Genus

1:

Genitalata

KAPOOR

1974 Genitalata KAPOOR, Zool. J. Linn. Soc., 55: 83. - Species typica: Genitalata mahajani KAPOOR, 1974.

Literature:

SAKAI, 1 9 8 2 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 8 3 , 1 9 8 7 , 1 9 8 9 .

Description: Entirely apterous; body large and slender. Antennae multisegmented; first joint shorter than second, third long, slender and nearly as long as 4, 5 and 6th joints combined. Pronotum narrower than head, slightly

2 Distribution: Ethiopean, Oriental, and Indo-Austral regions. 3 subfamilies. Identification key to the subfamilies 1

Entirely apterous. Male genitalia undeveloped, not of Chelisochid-type; genital lobe present or absent, but distal lobe without virga subfamily 1: Genitalatinae, p. 2 1' Tegmina and wings present; tegmina short, wings abortive, or tegmina and wings normally developed; male genitalia fully developed, genital lobe prominent 2 2 Laterial margins of tegmina with a ridge-like keel, occasionally not extending along entire segment. Antero-lateral angles of pronotum more or less elongate. Forceps robust, mostly thickened, inner margins dentate subfamily 2: Chelisochellinae, p. 4 2' Lateral margins of tegmina without a ridge-like edge. Of extremely varying shape and with considerable sexual dimorphism, even with a number of species displaying a certain range of individual (or subspecific?) variation. Tibia smooth or striated, nearly reaching end of abdomen, or shorter and extending only to half its length. Forceps highly varyied; short and simple, or elongate, serrately dentate on their inner margins along a shorter or a longer section. Anterior margin of external parameres of male genitalia strongly constricted or normal subfamily 3: Chettsochinae, p. 15

Subfamily 1: Genitalatinae

STEINMANN

1987 Genitalatinae STEINMANN, Annls hist.-nat. Mus. natn. hung., 79: 114. - Genus typicum: Genitalata

KAPOOR, 1 9 7 4 .

Description: Totally apterous; moderately large, slender species. Antennae 36—(?) jointed; third antennal joint long, slender and nearly as long as 4, 5 and 6th joints combined. Pronotum narrower than head, slightly widened posteriorly. Legs long and slender, first tarsal segment longer than the 2nd and 3rd combined; second produced as a small lobe below the 3rd. Abdomen slender, elongated, and parallel-sided; ultimate tergite short and transverse. Pygidium very small. Male forceps contiguous, long and slender. Penultimate sternite ample, and broadly rounded. Male genitalia very characteristic, undeveloped; central parameral plate broad, genital lobe present, but very simple, with a narrow median incision; distal lobe without virga. External parameres broad and elongated, nearly of equal width throughout, apex slightly narrowed towards inner margin. Distribution: Indian subregion. Single genus. Genus

1:

Genitalata

KAPOOR

1974 Genitalata KAPOOR, Zool. J. Linn. Soc., 55: 83. - Species typica: Genitalata mahajani KAPOOR, 1974.

Literature:

SAKAI, 1 9 8 2 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 8 3 , 1 9 8 7 , 1 9 8 9 .

Description: Entirely apterous; body large and slender. Antennae multisegmented; first joint shorter than second, third long, slender and nearly as long as 4, 5 and 6th joints combined. Pronotum narrower than head, slightly

3 expanded posteriorly. Legs comparatively long and slender, first tarsal segment longer than the second and third combined. Second tarsal segment produced as a small lobe below the third. Abdomen slender, elongated and parallel-sided, without tubercles. Ultimate tergite short and transverse. Male forceps contiguous, long and slender. Penultimate sternite broadly rounded at posterior margin. Male genitalia undeveloped, not of Chelisochid-type. Notes by KAPOOR ( 1 9 7 4 : 83): "This monotypic genus is typical in its characters. The only justification to place it in Chelisochidae is that the 2nd tarsal segment is produced as a short lobe below the 3rd, otherwise in many characters it is very different from the other known genera of this family." Distribution: India. Single species. 1. Genitalata mahajani KAPOOR 1974 Genitalata mahajani KAPOOR, Zool. J. Linn. Soc., 55: 83, fig. 1 (male ultimate tergite with forceps), 2 (male penultimate sternite), 3 (genitalia of holotype), 4 (genitalia of paratype). Terra typica: India: Himachal Pradesh (Type male: Nation. Collection zool. Survey India, Calcutta). 1983 Genitalata mahajani - STEINMANN, Annls hist.-nat. Mus. natn. hung., 75: 144, fig. 4 (male ultimate tergite with forceps), 5 (penultimate sternite), 6 (male genitalia) (in doubtful position). 1987 Genitalata mahajani - STEINMANN, Annls hist.-nat. Mus. natn. hung., 79: 114 (transference to subfamily Genitalatinae). L i t e r a t u r e : SAKAI, 1 9 8 2 .

Description: Male black, sides of pronotum and legs testaceous. Head with short fine hairs, distinctly longer than wide; frons slightly tumid between eyes; occiput depressed; postfrontal and coronal sutures thick. Eyes small, smaller

Fig. 1 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Genitalata mahajani KAPOOR. After KAPOOR.

Fig. 2 mahajani

Genitalia of holotype of Genitalata KAPOOR. A f t e r KAPOOR.

4 than genae. Antennae 36-jointed (broken in holotype); first joint club-shaped and slightly shorter than the second and third combined, second very short and about one-third length of 3rd; 6th and 7th joints very slightly longer than 4th and 5th joints, the rest gradually lengthening but none becoming longer than third. Pronotum a little longer than wide, postero-median area depressed, anterior margin nearly straight, sides parallel, posterior margin rounded; median longitudinal furrow distinct. Mesonotum with sides oblique and gently concave postero-medially, a yellow longitudinal line present antero-medially. Metanotum triangular, deeply concave postero-medially, forming a V-shaped structure. Abdomen parallel-sided, finely pubescent without tubercles, yellow patches present laterally. Ultimate tergite short, transverse, sides oblique, convex anteriorly and gently sinuated posteriorly. Pygidium very small, with a small postero-middle part concave. Forceps long and slender, slightly widened at base, then gently narrower towards apex, apices pointed and slightly curved; inner margins denticulated exceptat the tips. Penultimate sternite rounded posteriorly (Fig. 1). Genitalia (Fig. 2) broad and elongated; genital lobe undeveloped and with a short, median and longitudinal incision anteriorly; genital lobe without virga. External parameres broad, and obtuse apically. - Female unknown. Length of body with forceps: 18-28 mm. Distribution: India: Himachal Pradesh. Subfamily 2: Chelisochellinae

STEINMANN

1975 Chelisochellinae STEINMANN, Acta zool. hung., 21: 214. - Genus typicum:

Chelisochella

VERHOEFF, 1 9 0 2 . Literature: SAKAI, 1 9 8 2 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 8 3 . 1 9 8 7 , 1 9 8 9 .

Description: Lateral margins of tegmina with a ridge-like edge, sometimes not extending along entire segment. Tegmina present, dilated, broad and ample or square, truncate. Postfrontal and coronal sutures of head deep, well-marked or feeble. Male forceps more or less well-developed, broader or narrower basally, inner margins with smaller or larger tooth or teeth. Male genitalia of Chelisoches-type, with a very long virga, and base of virga with one or two sclerotized sacs. Distribution: Oriental region. 2 genera. Identification key to the genera 1

Body length usually over 12 mm. Tegmina dilated, broad and ample. Antennal joints 4 and 5 equally long, together longer than third. Head tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures deep, well-marked. Tegmina powerful, wings long and prominent . . . Genus 2: Chelisochella, p. 5 1' Body length not more than 12 mm. Tegmina square, truncate. Antennae with third joint relatively short; fourth cylindrical, a little shorter; fifth about equal to third. Head smooth, postfrontal and coronal sutures feeble. Tegmina short, wings abortive Genus 3: Kinesis, p. 9

5 Genus 2: Chelisochella

VERHOEFF

1902 C7iefooc/ie//a VERHOEFF, Zool. Anz., Leipzig, 25 (665): 196. - Species typica: Lobophora superba DOHRN, 1865 (for family Forficulidae). 1907 Chelisochella - BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. London, 1907: 127 (in family Chelisochidae). 1911 Chelisochella - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 63 (in subfamily Chelisochminae). 1975 Chelisochella - STEINMANN, Acta zool. hung., 21: 214 (in subfamily Chelisochellinae). Literature: BURR,, 1 9 1 0 ; KAPOOR, 1 9 6 7 ; KIRBY, 1 9 0 4 ; POPHAM, 1 9 6 5 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1968; SAKAI, 1971, 1982; SRIVASTAVA, 1976; STEINMANN, 1983, 1987, 1989; TOWNES, 1945.

Description: Large, powerful species. Head comparatively small, rounded posteriorly; frons tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures deep, well marked. Joints 4 and 5 of antennae equally long, together longer than 3. Pronotum as wide as the head, not widened posteriorly. Tegmina ample, very broad, smooth and shiny, with a distinct laterial longitudinal keel. Wings long and prominent. Legs long and slender; tibiae compressed, smooth above, not flattened or furrowed; tarsi long and slender. Abdomen stout, broad and depressed; ultimate tergite of male large, smooth, and tuberculate. Pygidium small in both sexes. Forceps stout, depressed, elongate, toothed. Notes by BURR ( 1 9 1 0 ) : "This genus is very inaptly named by VERHOEFF, who gives it a diminutive termination, though it includes the largest species of the family, and one of the largest known species of earwigs. It is characterized by the broadened elytra with a sharp and distinct keel running the entire length of the costal fold." Distribution: Oriental region. 2 species.

Identification key to the species 1

Male forceps comparatively straight or less curved (Figs 3-4); male genitalia with narrower external parameres (Fig. 5) at anterior margin of central parameral plate; virga of Chelisochid-type, with two sclerotized plates basally 1. Chelisochella superba, p. 5 1' Male forceps comparatively arcuate and strongly curved (Fig. 7); male genitalia with wider external parameres (Fig. 8) at anterior margin of central parameral plate; virga some what resembling Forficula-type, with a well-developed sclerotized section basally 2. Chelisochella doriae, p. 7

1. Chelisochella superba

(DOHRN)

1865 Lobophora superba DOHRN, Stettiner ent. Ztg., 26: 71. - Terra typica: Burma (Type male, gen.prep. No. 351, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN: Instytut Zoologiczny, Warszawa). 1876 Chelisoches superbus - SCUDDER, Proc. Boston Soc. nat. Hist., 18: 309. 1879 Lobophora superba - DUBRONY, Annali Mus. civ. Stor. nat., Genova, 14: 348. 1900 Chelisoches superbus-BORMKNS &KRAUSS, Das Tierreich, Berlin, 11: 83; fig. 32 (male in dorsal view) (Malakka, Borneo). 1902 Chelisochella superba - VERHOEFF, Zool. Anz., Leipzig, 25 (665): 196. 1979 Chelisochella superba - STEINMANN, Folia ent. hung., 32: 163; fig. 25 (holotype abdominal end with forceps), 26 (genitalia of holotype, gen.prep. No. 351, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN), 27 (female ultimate tergite with forceps).

6 Literature: BOESEMAN, 1954; BORELLI, 1932; BRINDLE, 1965; BURR, 1910, 1911; HEBARD, 1929; HINCKS, 1947; KIRBY, 1904; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1968; SAKAI, 1971, 1982; SRIVASTAVA, 1976; STEINMANN, 1983, 1987, 1989.

Description: Male very large, powerful; general colour black or dark reddish, sometimes brownish, black with a purple sheen. Head broad and depressed, somewhat sinuate posteriorly; postfrontal and coronal sutures very deep, distinct; frons tumid. Antennae multi-segmented, with (?) 23 joints; first joint well developed, long, longer than the length of head behind eyes; second quadrate, third subclavate, longer than fourth; fourth joint half as long as third, sixth equal to third. Eyes normally developed, but shorter than scape. Pronotum comparatively small, as wide as the head, longer than wide; anterior margin truncate, sides parallel, posterior margin rounded, reaching well over the tegmina; prozona somewhat tumid, with a median longitudinal furrow, and an impression on each side. Tegmina comparatively short, but very broad, well rounded at the shoulders, and lateral longitudinal keel prominent. Wings present, sometimes with yellow spot at apical portion. Tarsal spine distinct. Abdomen broad, rather depressed; ultimate tergite ample, transverse; posterior portion depressed in the middle, with a crenulated, transverse, crested tubercle on each side over the roots of the forceps. Penultimate sternite ample, rounded posteriorly. Pygidium very short, almost hidden. Forceps (Figs 3-4) remote at the base, depressed, elongated and robust; inner margins with some larger and smaller teeth.

Fig. 3 Macrolabic male forceps with ultimate tergite of Chelisochella superba (DOHRN). Originai.

Fig. 4 Microlabic male forceps with ultimate tergite of Chelisochella superba (DOHRN). Originai.

Fig. 5 Male genital armature of Chelisochella superba (DOHRN). After STEINMANN.

7 Genitalia (Fig. 5) elongate; central paramere with unpaired genital lobe rather ellipsoid. Genital lobe medium-long, at rest slightly projecting beyond external parameres in median line. External parameres long, after a relatively wide basal section visibly attenuating, then apically strikingly attenuating and (in the lectoparatype) terminating in a strongly and strikingly exclinate acicular apex. Virga long and thin, basally with a recurving sclerotized sack (characteristic for the species of the family) and a long, narrow plate. - Female similar to male, but ultimate tergite slightly widened towards posterior margin, its dorsal surface with characteristic and striking paired protuberances near posterior margin. Pygidium slightly more elongate than that of male, median section of plate with a slightly elongate but apically rounded section. Forceps (Fig. 6) more elongate, largely straight, only the attenuated apices slightly inclinate. Dentation of inner margins resembling that of male, but margin lamellately excavated. - Length of body with forceps: male: 31-36 mm, female: 26-38 mm. Distribution: India, Burma, Malaysia, Indonesia: Sumatra and Borneo.

Fig. 6 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Chelisochella superba (DOHRN). Original.

2.

Chelisochella doriae

(BORMANS)

1900 Chelisoches doriae BORMANS, Annali Mus. civ. Stor. nat., Genova, (2) 20: 463. - Terra typica: Sikkim (type male: Mus. Naturkunde, Berlin). 1910 Chelisoches doriae - BURR, F a u n a brit. India, Dermaptera: 131 [proposed synonymy with superba (Dohrn, 1865)]. 1911 Chelisoches doriae - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 63 [incorrect synonymy with superba

(DOHRN), 1865)].

1987 Chelisochella doriae - STEINMANN, Annls hist.-nat. Mus. natn. hung.,79:114 (as valid taxon). Literature: BURR, 1901; KIRBY, 1904; SAKAI, 1971; SRIVASTAVA, 1976; STEINMANN, 1 9 8 3 .

8 Description: Male general colour dark reddish-brown to black; antennae brown, tegmina and wings brownish-black, shiny. Head comparatively large, broad; postfrontal and coronal sutures well-marked, deep. Antennae multisegmented; first joint long, a little longer than distance between antennal bases, second quadrate, third and rest similar to superba (DOHRN). Eyes large, but a little shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Pronotum a little longer than wide, all angles rounded; median longitudinal furrow present, distinct. Tegmina well-developed, broad, but comparatively short, lateral longitudinal keel prominent. Wings present. Abdomen depressed, glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 present, large. Ultimate tergite transverse, expanded posteriorly in dorsal view; posterior section with two low-built protuberances; posterior margin trisinuate. Pygidium small, more or less trigonal or hidden. Penultimate sternite ample, and rounded posteriorly. Forceps (Fig. 7) strongly arcuate, trigonal in cross-section basally, and cylindrical medially and apically; inner margins with two large denticles basally, and two smaller, but prominent, teeth medially, apical section with a distinct tooth near apex. Genitalia (Fig. 8) characteristic; central parameral plate narrower than in superba, but genital lobe normaly developed; virga specific, somewhat recembling Forficula-type, long, and with strongly sclerotized basal section; external parameres comparatively broad, with an

Fig. 7 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Chelisochella doriae (BORMANS). Original.

Fig. 8 Male genital armature of Chelisochella doriae (BORMANS). Original.

9 expanded median section. - Female unknown to me. - Length of body with forceps: 28-35 mm. Distribution: India. Genus 3: Kinesis

BURR

1907 Kinesis BURR, Trans, r. ent. Soc. London, 1907: 126. - Species typica: Chelisoches

punctulatus

BURR, 1 8 9 7 .

1911 Kinesis - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 63 (in subfamily Chelisochinae). 1972 Kinesis - BRINDLE, Entomologist's Rec., 84: 199 (key to species). 1975 Kinesis - STEINMANN, Acta zool. hung., 21: 214 (transference to subfamily Chelisochellinae). L i t e r a t u r e : POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1968; SAKAI, 1971, 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 8 3 , 1 9 8 7 , 1989; TOWNES, 1 9 4 5 .

Description: Size medium, body length not more than 12 mm. Antennae with third joint relatively short; fourth joint cylindrical, a little shorter, fifth about equal to third. Head smooth, postfrontal and coronal sutures feeble. Eyes comparatively small. Pronotum moderately large, but about as long as head, and more or less as long as tegmina. Both plates of tegmina short, truncate, square, with a sharp lateral longitudinal keel running almost the whole length of the tegmen. Wings abortive. Ultimate tergite of abdomen inflated in the male, with or without dorsal tubercles. Male forceps stout; short, arcuate in male, and straight in female. Distribution: Oriental region. 4 species. Identification key to the species Male pygidium very large, characteristic, not of Kinesis-type; male forceps armed at base with a strong obtuse tooth (Figs 9 - 1 0 ) 1. Kinesis werneri, p. 9 V Male pygidium scarcely visible from above; male forceps not armed at base 2 2 Pronotum longer than wide; abdominal punctation rather stronger; male forceps without large median or apical denticle, but with two small tubercles medially (Fig. 12) 2. Kinesis punctulata, p. 11 2' Pronotum transverse; abdominal punctation somewhat weaker; male forceps with large median (Fig. 14) or apical (Fig. 17) denticle 3 3 Male forceps wider, depressed basally, inner tooth or denticle large, obtuse, as in Fig. 14; male genitalia with broader central parameral plate (Fig. 15), and apex of external paramere excised; female forceps simple, without depressed section at basal half (Fig. 16) 3. Kinosis mounseyi, p. 12 3' Male forceps narrower, strongly trigonal in cross-section basally; inner tooth or denticle acuminate apically, as in Fig. 17; male genitalia with narrower central parameral plate (Fig. 18), and apex of external paramere pointed; female forceps with a longer depressed section en basal half (Fig. 19) 4. Kinsesis significans, p. 13 1

1. Kinesis werneri SRIVASTAVA 1978 Kinesis werneri SRIVASTAVA, EOS, Madrid, 52: 287; fig. 47 (head, pronotum, and tegmina), 48 (male ultimate tergite with forceps in dorsal view), 49 (ditto), 50 (ditto, in ventral view), 51 (genitalia of holotype). - Terra typica: Mindanao (Type male: Field Mus. nat. Hist., Chicago). L i t e r a t u r e : STEINMANN, 1 9 8 7 , 1 9 8 9 .

9 expanded median section. - Female unknown to me. - Length of body with forceps: 28-35 mm. Distribution: India. Genus 3: Kinesis

BURR

1907 Kinesis BURR, Trans, r. ent. Soc. London, 1907: 126. - Species typica: Chelisoches

punctulatus

BURR, 1 8 9 7 .

1911 Kinesis - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 63 (in subfamily Chelisochinae). 1972 Kinesis - BRINDLE, Entomologist's Rec., 84: 199 (key to species). 1975 Kinesis - STEINMANN, Acta zool. hung., 21: 214 (transference to subfamily Chelisochellinae). L i t e r a t u r e : POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1968; SAKAI, 1971, 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 8 3 , 1 9 8 7 , 1989; TOWNES, 1 9 4 5 .

Description: Size medium, body length not more than 12 mm. Antennae with third joint relatively short; fourth joint cylindrical, a little shorter, fifth about equal to third. Head smooth, postfrontal and coronal sutures feeble. Eyes comparatively small. Pronotum moderately large, but about as long as head, and more or less as long as tegmina. Both plates of tegmina short, truncate, square, with a sharp lateral longitudinal keel running almost the whole length of the tegmen. Wings abortive. Ultimate tergite of abdomen inflated in the male, with or without dorsal tubercles. Male forceps stout; short, arcuate in male, and straight in female. Distribution: Oriental region. 4 species. Identification key to the species Male pygidium very large, characteristic, not of Kinesis-type; male forceps armed at base with a strong obtuse tooth (Figs 9 - 1 0 ) 1. Kinesis werneri, p. 9 V Male pygidium scarcely visible from above; male forceps not armed at base 2 2 Pronotum longer than wide; abdominal punctation rather stronger; male forceps without large median or apical denticle, but with two small tubercles medially (Fig. 12) 2. Kinesis punctulata, p. 11 2' Pronotum transverse; abdominal punctation somewhat weaker; male forceps with large median (Fig. 14) or apical (Fig. 17) denticle 3 3 Male forceps wider, depressed basally, inner tooth or denticle large, obtuse, as in Fig. 14; male genitalia with broader central parameral plate (Fig. 15), and apex of external paramere excised; female forceps simple, without depressed section at basal half (Fig. 16) 3. Kinosis mounseyi, p. 12 3' Male forceps narrower, strongly trigonal in cross-section basally; inner tooth or denticle acuminate apically, as in Fig. 17; male genitalia with narrower central parameral plate (Fig. 18), and apex of external paramere pointed; female forceps with a longer depressed section en basal half (Fig. 19) 4. Kinsesis significans, p. 13 1

1. Kinesis werneri SRIVASTAVA 1978 Kinesis werneri SRIVASTAVA, EOS, Madrid, 52: 287; fig. 47 (head, pronotum, and tegmina), 48 (male ultimate tergite with forceps in dorsal view), 49 (ditto), 50 (ditto, in ventral view), 51 (genitalia of holotype). - Terra typica: Mindanao (Type male: Field Mus. nat. Hist., Chicago). L i t e r a t u r e : STEINMANN, 1 9 8 7 , 1 9 8 9 .

10 Description: Male head yellowish-orange, antennae and legs brown; pronotum, tegmina and forceps blackish-red, abdomen gradually becoming darker distally. Build stout. Head as long as wide, cardiform; frons depressed; postfrontal and coronal sutures weak. Eyes comparatively small, much shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae 15-jointed; first joint stout, shorter than distance between antennal bases; second small, third cylindrical, fourth joint slightly shorter than third. Pronotum as long as wide, very slightly narrowed anteriorly with margin convex, sides diverging posteriorly and reflexed, posterior angles and margin rounded; median longitudinal furrow faint. Tegmina smooth, slightly longer than the pronotum, humeral angles weak, posterior margin truncate, a distinct keel running along entire length, a small triangular scutellum visible. Wings lacking. Legs typical. Abdomen finely and densely punctate, gradually enlarging from base to 8th tergite; glandular folds on tergite 3 obliterated, but on 4th tergite weakly marked. Ultimate tergite transverse, almost smooth, gently expanded posteriorly with angles prominent, convex in middle with V-shaped bordered by small tubercles of which inner ones are slightly bigger, the area below it depressed, tumid above the roots of forceps. Penultimate sternite transverse, broadly rounded posteriorly. Pygidium prominent, characteristic (Fig. 9), not of Kinesis-type; square, posterior margin straight and angles produced into blunt lobes. Both branches of forceps remote at base, stout, incurved, apices pointed; shorter (Fig. 9) or longer (Fig. 10); inner margin

Fig. 9 Brachylabic male forceps with ultimate tergite of Kinesis werneri

Fig. 10 Macrolabic male forceps with ultimate tergite of Kinesis werneri

Fig. 11 Genitalia of holotype of Kinesis werneri

SRIVASTAVA.

SRIVASTAVA.

SRIVASTAVA.

SRIVASTAVA.

After

SRIVASTAVA.

After

SRIVASTAVA.

After

11 at base armed with a large, obtuse, dorsal denticle, and a ventral emargination. Genitalia (Fig. 11) of JOhesis-type; central parameral plate comparatively narrow, and a little expanded medially; virga within genital lobe moderately long with paired recurving sclerotized sacs. External parameres normally developed, broad basally and medially, extended apically, apices pointed. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 14-15 mm. Distribution: Philippine Islands: Mindanao. 2.

Kinesis punctulata

(BURR)

1897 Chelisoches punctulatus BURR, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., London, (6) 20: 315. - Terra typica: Celebes (Type female: Brit. Mus. nat. Hist., London). 1907 Kinesis punctulata - BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. London, 1907: 126. 1911 Kinesis punctulata - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 63; pi. 5, fig. 16 (head, pronotum, and tegmina), pi. 7, fig. 6 (male in dorsal view). 1972 Kinesis punctulata - BRINDLE, Entomologist's Rec., 84: 202; fig. 2 (holotype head, and thoracal nota), 3 (forceps of holotype), 4 (male forceps). Literature: BORMANS & KRAUSS, 1 9 0 0 ; BURR, 1912; KIRBY, 1904; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1968; SAKAI, 1971, 1982; SRIVASTAVA, 1976; STEINMANN, 1983, 1987, 1 9 8 9 .

Description: Male general colour dark brownish-black; antennae and tarsi yellowish or yellowish-brown, abdomen a little reddish. Head comparatively large, broad; frons tumid, occiput depressed. Eyes typical, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae normal; first joint long, but a little shorter than distance between antennal bases; second transverse, rest typical of the genus. Pronotum longer than wide, more or less as wide as head; lateral margins straight, posterior angles and margin broadly rounded; median longitudinal furrow distinct. Tegmina short, specific, strongly depressed, except lateral longitudinal ridge, prominent; posterior margin truncate or finely obliquely truncate. Wings absent. Abdomen a little depressed with stronger punctation

Fig. 12 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Kinesis punctulatus (BURR). After BRINDLE.

Fig. 13 Female ultimate tergi te with forceps of Kinesis punctulatus (BURR). After BRINDLE.

12 dorsally; glandular fold on 3rd and 4th tergites well-marked, prominent. Ultimate tergite well-developed, expanded posteriorly; dorsal surface characteristic, with two lateral depressions near posterior margin, and two series tubercles medially; posterior margin trisinuate. Pygidium hidden. Penultimate sternite broadly rounded posteriorly. Forceps robust, but comparatively short, only a little longer than the length of ultimate tergite; a little depressed basally, and cylindrical medially and apically; inner margin with two smaller teeth (Fig. 12). Genitalia unknown to me. - Female very similar to male, but ultimate tergite simple, without dorsal tubercles and lateral depressions; forceps (Fig. 13) contiguous, tapering. - Length of body with forceps: male 15-16 mm, female; 12.5-13 mm. Distribution: Indonesia: Celebes, and Java. 3.

Kinesis mounseyi

BURR

1916 Kinesis mounseyi BURR, Jl. R. microsc. Soc., London, 1916: 9; pi. 2, fig. 9 (genitalia of holotype. - Terra typica: Mindanao (Type male: Brit. Mus. nat. Hist., London) (in the original description only male genitalia described and drawn). 1972 Kinesis mounseyi - BRINDLE, Entomologist's Rec., 84: 200; fig. 1 (holotype in dorsal view) (redescription). 1978 Kinesis mounseyi - SRIVASTAVA, Eos, Madrid, 52: 286; fig. 43 (head, pronotum, and tegmina), 44 (male forceps in dorsal view), 45 (ditto, in ventral view), 46 (male genitalia). L i t e r a t u r e : SAKAI, 1 9 7 1 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 8 3 , 1 9 8 7 , 1 9 8 9 .

Description: Male head reddish-yellow; antennae yellowish-brown, first joint darker; pronotum brown, lateral margins yellowish; tegmina brown, somewhat translucent; legs yellowish; abdomen and forceps reddish-brown. Cuticle of head almost smooth and impunctate, that of pronotum and tegmina coriaceous, impunctate; cuticle of abdominal tergites, except last, punctured on basal two-thirds or more, leaving a smooth posterior border, the punctures large and deep, separated by about their own diameter, and more marked on basal half of tergite, distal part having shallower punctures. Head transverse; frons weakly depressed; postfrontal and coronal sutures obliterated. Eyes small, clearly shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint nearly as long as distance between antennal bases; second transverse, third joint twice as long as wide or rather longer, fourth one and a half times as long as wide. Pronotum transverse, lateral margins slightly rounded, and with a rather wide explanate lateral margin; median longitudinal furrow present. Tegmina short, exposing a scutellum, both tegmina with a well-marked lateral explanate margin forming a lateral ridge. Abdomen broad, lateral glandular folds on third tergite very small, those on fourth small. Ultimate tergite transverse, depressed medially near posterior margin, posterior margin oblique laterally. Penultimate sternite with posterior margin almost evenly rounded, but with apex slightly truncate. Pygidium short, transverse, declivent, postero-lateral angles slightly produced. Branches of forceps (Fig. 14) elliptical in cross-section basally, then wider,

13 arcuate, glabrous, and with a dorso-median tooth or denticle before mid-point. Genitalia (Fig. 15) characteristic; central parameral plate broad, and large, expanded medially; virga within genital lobe comparatively short, with typical, paired recurving sclerotized sacs. External parameres characteristic, strongly widened medially, and apices excised. - Female similar to male but ultimate tergite strongly narrowed apically; penultimate sternite triangular with posterior margin rounded. Pygidium rounded, small. Forceps (Fig. 16) with branches contiguous, straight, tapering, apices pointed and gently incurved, inner margin finely crenulate in basal one-third. - Length of body with forceps: male: 10,5-11 mm, female: 10-12 mm. Distribution: Philippine Islands: Mindanao.

Fig. 14 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Kinesis mounseyi BURR. After SRIVASTAVA.

Fig. 15 Male genital armature of Kinesis mounseyi BURR. After SRIVASTAVA.

Fig. 16 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Kinesis mounseyi BURR. Original.

4. Kinesis significans sp. nov Terra typica; S. Sulawes (Celebes), Malino, 24. I. '79, H. HELOU, gen. prep. No. 809, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN. - Type male: Természettudomànyi Muzeum, Budapest. - Paratypes: ditto, 2 females.

Description: Male general colour uniformly dark reddish-brown , shiny. Head broad, depressed. Eyes comparatively small, clearly shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint moderately long, about as long as distance

14 between antennal bases; second transverse, the rest typical. Pronotum transverse, lateral margins parallel, straight, posterior angles and margin rounded; median longitudinal furrow present and well marked in prozona. Tegmina short, depressed; with weaker punctation; lateral longitudinal keel distinct; posterior margin truncate. Wings entirely absent. Abdomen a little depressed, oval; abdominal punctation somewhat weaker; glandular folds on tergites 3 and 4 promnient. Ultimate tergite very transverse, broad, depressed, medially near posterior margin; last trisinuate. Pygidium hidden. Penultimate sternite broad, with posterior margin rounded. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 17) narrow, strongly trigonal in cross-section basally, cylindrical medially and apically; inner margins with a significants denticle on apical section; the denticle is directed backwards. Genitalia (Fig. 18) specific; central parameral plate comparatively narrow, narrower than the width of external parameres; virga moderately short, with Chelisoches-type, paired recurving sacs. External parameres very wide, strongly expanded medially, apices acuminate. - Female similar to male, but pygidium prominent, with basal part and pointed apex. Ultimate tergite narrowed apically, simple; forceps (Fig. 19) strongly depressed at basal half, and with prominent, parallel margins basally. - Length of body with forceps in both sexes: 10-10.5 mm. Distribution: Indonesia: Celebes.

Fig. 17 Holotype ultimate tergite with forceps of Kinesis significans sp.n. Original.

Fig. 18 Holotype genital armature of Kinesis significans sp.n. Original.

Fig. 19 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Kinesis significans sp.n. Original.

15 Subfamily 3: Chelisochinae

BURR

1907 Chelisochinae BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. London, 1907: 125. - Genus typicum: Chelisoches SCUDDER, 1876 (for family Forficulidae). 1911 Chelisochinae - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles. 122: 62 (in family Chelisochidae). L i t e r a t u r e : BOESEMAN, 1 9 5 4 ; BORELLI, 1 9 1 5 , 1 9 3 1 , 1 9 3 2 ; BEY-BIENKO, 1 9 3 6 ; B U R R , 1 9 0 9 , 1 9 1 0 , 1 9 1 6 ; HEBARD, 1 9 2 9 ; KIRBY, 1 9 0 4 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 1 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 7 5 , 1 9 8 3 , 1 9 8 7 , 1 9 8 9 ; W u ,

1935.

Description: Lateral margins of tegmina without a ridge-like edge. Tegmina short, posterior margin transverse or obliquely truncate. Wings absent, or tegmina well, sometimes fully developed and wings present. Head normally developed, postfrontal and coronal sutures well-marked or indistinct. Tibiae not obviously flattened laterally, or sulcate or flattened only at extreme apex, or tibiae sulcate or flattened at most in distal 1/4. Male genitalia well or fully developed, with a distal lobe; external parameres varying. Distribution: Ethiopean, Oriental and Indo-Australian faunal regions. 13 genera.

Identification key to the genera 1 Tibiae not obviously furrowed, flattened laterally 1' Tibiae sulcate or flattened only at extreme apex, or at most in distal 1/4 2 Tarsi long and slender, together about as long as the width of pronotum. Antennae with 20 joints; third joint long, but shorter than the fourth and fifth combined. Head tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures distinct. Male forceps ample, stout, depressed and broad; those of female elongate and less stout Genus 4: Adiathetus, p. 2' Tarsi shorter than the width of the pronotum 3 Body strongly depressed. Antennae with fourth joint scarcely longer than wide; fifth about equal to the sixth. Head smooth, depressed. Tegmina and wings ample, smooth Genus 5: Lamprophorella, p. 3' Body not strongly depressed 4 Head depressed, postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct; occiput tumid on each side. Tegmina and wings well-developed. Male forceps depressed, arcuate Genus 6: Hamaxas, p. 4' Head smooth, postfrontal and coronal sutures present. Tegmina and wings well-developed. Male forceps short, arcuate, swollen at base, inner margins with indistinct denticles at base Genus 7: Euenkrates, p. 5 Tibiae sulcate or flattened only at extreme apex 5' Tibiae sulcate or flattened at most in distal 1/4 6 Tegmina short, posterior margin obliquely truncate; wings absent. Male forceps undulate and both branches with 3 teeth. Female forceps with long, slender branches. External parameres of male genitalia widest distally Genus 8: Tauropygia, p. 6' Tegmina longer, posterior margin not obliquely truncate; wings present. Male forceps otherwise shaped 7 Male forceps similar in shape and length to those of the female, those of the male with inner teeth; pygidium of both sexes excised on posterior margin, that of female narrower than that of male. External parameres of male genitalia widest medially Genus 9: Gressitolabis, p. 7' Male and female forceps dissimilar in length and shape; pygidia normally sexually dimorphic. External parameres of male genitalia parallel-sided except at apices Genus 10: Adiathella, p.

2 5

16 3

25 4 27

48 6 8

54 7

55

58

16 8 8' 9 9' 10

10'

11 11' 12 12'

Legs long and slender, the third reaching at least to the 7th abdominal segment or further. Antennae with about 20 joints; third joint equal in length to fourth and fifth combined. Head tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures distinct Genus 11: Exypnus, p. Legs short or moderately long Antennae thicker, the 4th and 5th joints shorter than the 3rd, often globular, all more or less thickened at apex; antennae 15 -20-jointed. Head tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures distinct Antennae slender, all joints slender and cylindrical or semi-pyriform, 4th and 5th longer than 3rd Apical part of paired external paramere deeply cleft, forming two big, sharply divided and equal or unequal lobes. Apical cleavage dividing external paramere into two, inner and outer, obtuse or pointed tusk-like teeth, of which inner one usually ends in sharply elongated tip Genus 12: Schizochelisoches, p. Paired external parameres not cleft aplically, original outer lobe forming uniform and distinct tooth, its tip frequently elongated, original inner lobe strongly and generally unrecognizably reduced, and forming only the extremely variable dentation or tooth on inner margin of uniform plate Genus 13: Chelisoches, p. Long and slender earwig; forceps as long as abdomen. Tegmina short, and wings absent. Abdomen depressed, parallel-sided laterally in dorsal view Genus 14: Solenosoma, p. Forceps shorter than abdomen. Tegmina and wings perfectly developed. Abdomen cylindrical, only a little expanded medially Apical part of paired external parameres deeply cleft, thus forming two smaller or bigger, equal or unequal, lobes Genus 15: Schizoproreus, p. Paired external parameres not cleft apically, original outer lobe forming a uniform and distinct plate Genus 16: Proreus, p.

Genus

4:

Adiathetus

63 9 10 11

68

72 91 12 92 99

BURR

1907 Adiathetus BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. London, 1907: 132. - Species typica: Chelisoches shelfordi BURR, 1 9 0 0 . BURR, 1 9 1 0 , 1 9 1 1 ; K A P O O R , 1 9 6 7 ; P O P H A M , 1 9 6 5 ; P O P H A M & B R I N D L E , 1 9 6 8 ; S A K A I , 1 9 7 1 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1976; STEINMANN, 1 9 7 5 , 1 9 8 3 , 1 9 8 7 , 1 9 8 9 ; TOWNES, 1 9 4 5 .

Literature:

Description: Size medium or large. General colour dark brownish-black or lighter, yellowish-brown; tegmina often metallic. Head tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures distinct. Antennae with 20 joints, the third long, but shorter than the fourth and fifth united; fourth joint half as long as third, clavate; fifth clavate, nearly as long as third. Pronotum parallel-sided or widened posteriorly. Tegmina ample, smooth, without lateral longitudinal keels. Wings present. Legs rather slender, tibiae not flattened nor furrowed above except at the extreme apex. Abdomen convex, parallel-sided, lateral glandular folds distinct. Ultimate tergite of male ample, smooth, often with strong tubercles, in the female ample, simpler. Pygidium and forceps of male and female various. Distribution: Oriental and Indo-Australian regions. 7 species. Identification key to the species 1

Ultimate tergite of male with two strong and prominent crested tubercles (Fig. 20); male forceps comparatively short, inner margins with large denticles basally; female forceps elongate, with two sharp teeth 1. Adiathetus shelfordi, p. 17

16 8 8' 9 9' 10

10'

11 11' 12 12'

Legs long and slender, the third reaching at least to the 7th abdominal segment or further. Antennae with about 20 joints; third joint equal in length to fourth and fifth combined. Head tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures distinct Genus 11: Exypnus, p. Legs short or moderately long Antennae thicker, the 4th and 5th joints shorter than the 3rd, often globular, all more or less thickened at apex; antennae 15 -20-jointed. Head tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures distinct Antennae slender, all joints slender and cylindrical or semi-pyriform, 4th and 5th longer than 3rd Apical part of paired external paramere deeply cleft, forming two big, sharply divided and equal or unequal lobes. Apical cleavage dividing external paramere into two, inner and outer, obtuse or pointed tusk-like teeth, of which inner one usually ends in sharply elongated tip Genus 12: Schizochelisoches, p. Paired external parameres not cleft aplically, original outer lobe forming uniform and distinct tooth, its tip frequently elongated, original inner lobe strongly and generally unrecognizably reduced, and forming only the extremely variable dentation or tooth on inner margin of uniform plate Genus 13: Chelisoches, p. Long and slender earwig; forceps as long as abdomen. Tegmina short, and wings absent. Abdomen depressed, parallel-sided laterally in dorsal view Genus 14: Solenosoma, p. Forceps shorter than abdomen. Tegmina and wings perfectly developed. Abdomen cylindrical, only a little expanded medially Apical part of paired external parameres deeply cleft, thus forming two smaller or bigger, equal or unequal, lobes Genus 15: Schizoproreus, p. Paired external parameres not cleft apically, original outer lobe forming a uniform and distinct plate Genus 16: Proreus, p.

Genus

4:

Adiathetus

63 9 10 11

68

72 91 12 92 99

BURR

1907 Adiathetus BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. London, 1907: 132. - Species typica: Chelisoches shelfordi BURR, 1 9 0 0 . BURR, 1 9 1 0 , 1 9 1 1 ; K A P O O R , 1 9 6 7 ; P O P H A M , 1 9 6 5 ; P O P H A M & B R I N D L E , 1 9 6 8 ; S A K A I , 1 9 7 1 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1976; STEINMANN, 1 9 7 5 , 1 9 8 3 , 1 9 8 7 , 1 9 8 9 ; TOWNES, 1 9 4 5 .

Literature:

Description: Size medium or large. General colour dark brownish-black or lighter, yellowish-brown; tegmina often metallic. Head tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures distinct. Antennae with 20 joints, the third long, but shorter than the fourth and fifth united; fourth joint half as long as third, clavate; fifth clavate, nearly as long as third. Pronotum parallel-sided or widened posteriorly. Tegmina ample, smooth, without lateral longitudinal keels. Wings present. Legs rather slender, tibiae not flattened nor furrowed above except at the extreme apex. Abdomen convex, parallel-sided, lateral glandular folds distinct. Ultimate tergite of male ample, smooth, often with strong tubercles, in the female ample, simpler. Pygidium and forceps of male and female various. Distribution: Oriental and Indo-Australian regions. 7 species. Identification key to the species 1

Ultimate tergite of male with two strong and prominent crested tubercles (Fig. 20); male forceps comparatively short, inner margins with large denticles basally; female forceps elongate, with two sharp teeth 1. Adiathetus shelfordi, p. 17

17 1' Ultimate tergite of male without strong, prominent crested tubercles, but sometimes with smaller, toothlike projections 2 Pronotum parallel-sided; head strongly sinuate posteriorly; male forceps with a prominent tooth basally near pygidium, and a second one medially (Fig. 22); female forceps and pygidium as in Fig. 23 2. Adiathetus dravidius, p. 2' Pronotum widened posteriorly; head not strongly sinuate caudad 3 Tegmina golden-yellow or with brilliant green metallic sheen 3' Tegmina dull black, or blackish-brown 4 Tegmina golden-yellow, wings dark brown; male forceps very long, slender and comparatively straight, cylindrical (Fig. 24), and broad at base, tapering to apex, with a smaller tooth medially 3. Adiathetus proreoides, p. 4' Tegmina and wings with brilliant green metallic sheen; male forceps with a larger inner tooth basally, and a second one on apical half (Fig. 25), or a very large, blunt, obtuse tooth medially (Fig. 26) 4. Adiathetus glaucopterus, p. 5 Male forceps very short, and strongly curved apically, as in Fig. 28 5. Adiathetus nigrocastaneus, p. 5' Male forceps elongated, and less curved apically 6 Inner margins of male forceps with ventral and dorsal edge, both branches of forceps strongly trigonal in cross-section basally (Fig. 29); male genitalia with very long virga within genital lobe (Fig. 30) 6. Adiathetus phoenix, p. 6' Inner margins of male forceps flattened basally, both branches of forceps elliptical in cross-section basally (Fig. 31); male genitalia with median long virga within genital lobe (Fig. 32) 7. Adiathetus tenebrator, p. 1.

Adiathetus shelfordi

2

18 3 4 5

20

21 22 6

23

24

(BURR)

1900 Chelisoches shelfordi BURR, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., London (7) 6: pi. 4, fig. 4 (female in dorsal view). - Terra typica: Borneo (Type female: Sarawak Mus.). 1900 Chelisoches hercules BURR, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., London, (7) 6: 96; pi. 4, fig. 2 (male in dorsal view). - Terra typica: Borneo (Type male: Sarawak Mus.). 1904 Chelisochella shelfordi - KIRBY, Syn. Cat. Orth., London, 1: 35. 1904 Chelisoches hercules - KIRBY, Syn. Cat. Orth., London, 1: 35 [proposed synonymy with shelfordi

(BURR, 1900)].

1907 Adiathetus shelfordi 1912 Adiathetus shelfordi 1979 Adiathetus shelfordi genitalia, gen. prep.

- BURR, Trans, ent. Soc., London, 1907: 133. - ZACHER, Zeitschr. Wiss. Insektenbiol., 8: 278; fig. 3 (male genitalia). - STEINMANN, Folia ent. hung., Budapest, 32: 164 (description of male No. 422, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN).

Literature: BRINDLE, 1965; BURR, 1 9 0 5 , 1 9 1 0 , 1 9 1 1 ; HEBARD, 1929; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1968; SAKAI, 1971, 1982; SRIVASTAVA, 1976; STEINMANN, 1 9 8 3 , 1987, 1 9 8 9 .

Description: Male large and robust; general colour reddish-black, the whole body covered with a golden pubescence; the tegmina bright purple. Antennae 20-jointed; first joint long, about as long as distance between antennal bases; second transverse or quadrate, third almost cylindrical, fourth ovate, about half as long as third, fifth cylindrical, as long as third; black, with two or three yellowish joints before the apex. Eyes prominent, only a little shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Pronotum longer than wide, anterior margin and sides straight, posterior margin rounded; prozona tumid, with an impression on each side and a median longitudinal furrow. Sternal plates rather wide, truncate posteriorly. Tegmina ample, strongly rounded at the shoulders, finely granulose, with a brilliant purple sheen. Wings present, well-developed. Legs long and slender; femora and tibiae dark brown, the tarsi paler. Lobe of second segment

18 long and prominent. Abdomen parallel-sided, convex, very finely punctulate; lateral glandular folds distinct. Ultimate tergite ample, smooth, nearly square; in the middle of the posterior margin there is a pair of strong, parallel, compressed, prominent tubercles (Fig. 20), obliquely truncate at the apex, directed upwards and backwards and densely hairy. Penultimate sternite rounded posteriorly. Pygidium stout, obtuse, almost hidden. Both branches of forceps very strongly flattened and broadened in the basal half, the inner margin of this part being strongly serrate. Genitalia (Fig. 21, gen.prep. No. 422, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) characteristic; central parameral plate comparatively narrow, virga within genital lobe moderately long; external parameres somewhat excised at outer margin near apical portion. - Female very similar to male, but forceps remote at the base, rather depressed and trigonal, sinuously elongate with a prominent sharp tooth one-third the way down, and another two-thirds down. - Length of body with forceps: male: 19-26 mm, female: 28-32 mm. Distribution: India (Sikkim), Malaysia, and Indonesia: Borneo, Sumatra.

2. Adiathetus dravidius

BURR

1910 Adiathetus dravidius BURR, Fauna brit. India, Dermaptera: 143; fig. 46 (male in dorsal view). Terra typica: Madras (Type male: Nation. Coll. zool. Survey India, Calcutta). L i t e r a t u r e : BURR, 1 9 1 1 , 1916; KAPOOR, 1967; POPHAM & BRINDLE, SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 8 3 , 1 9 8 7 , 1 9 8 9 .

1968; SAKAI, 1 9 7 1 ,

1982;

Description: Male general colour deep brownish-black, tegmina with a bright orange spot on the posterior margin; wings black, with a bright orange basal

19 spot, which is the continuation of the spot on the tegmina; legs uniform dull greenish-brown. Head smooth, shiny; postfrontal and coronal sutures deep and well-marked; occiput depressed in the middle, tumid on each side behind the eyes; posterior margin decidedly sinuate. Pronotum parallel-sided, a little longer than wide; smooth. Prozona tumid, metazona depressed. Tegmina smooth, well-developed; wings long. Tarsi long, the first segment longer than the third. Abdomen parallel-sided; lateral glandular folds on third and fourth segment distinct. Ultimate tergite transverse, smooth, shiny, depressed in middle with three ridges. Penultimate sternite broad, rounded, gently emarginate in middle of the posterior border. Pygidium short, quadrangular, obtuse, the sides slightly concave and posterior margin slightly convex. Forceps (Fig. 22) with the branches remote at the base, stout, depressed, rather long, straight at first, arcuate apically, with a strong tooth near the base and another beyond the middle. Genitalia unknown to me. - Female similar to male, but pygidium large, depressed, tapering in basal half, rectangular, posterior margin slightly emarginate. Forceps (Fig. 23) a little less stout, elongate, nearly straight, very gently curved inwards near apex. - Length of body with forceps: male: 12-15 mm, female: 13-19 mm. Distribution: Southern India.

Fig. 22 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Adiathetus dravidius BURR. After BURR.

Fig. 23 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Adiathetus dravidius BURR. Original.

20 3.

Adiathetus proreoides

RAMAMURTHI

1967 Adiathetus proreoides RAMAMURTHI, Ent. Meddr, 35: 252; fig. 33 (male ultimate tergite with forceps). - Terra typica: New Britain: Yalom (Type male: Zool. Mus., Kabenhavn). L i t e r a t u r e : SAKAI, 1 9 7 1 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 8 3 , 1 9 8 7 ,

1989.

Description: Male head, prozona of pronotum and ultimate tergite orange, sides of pronotum, legs and forceps golden-yellow, antennae, wings and abdomen dark brown. Head somewhat depressed, transverse, frons and cheeks moderately flattened. Eyes somewhat shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae 17 —( + ?) jointed; first about as long as distance between antennal bases; second quadrate, third long, clavate, 4th short, oval, the rest gradually elongated, subcylindrical. Pronotum narrower than head, widened posteriorly; lateral margin truncate, posterior margin deeply convex; median longitudinal furrow distinct. Tegmina and wings fully developed. Legs typical. Abdomen cylindrical, tergites 1 - 9 punctulate, 4 - 8 with a row of fine tubercles along posterior border. Ultimate tergite smooth; median longitudinal sulcus very weak, basal region tumid above base of forceps, posterior margin feebly sinuate mesad. Pygidium characteristic, short and broad, deeply sinuate mesad. Penultimate sternite broad, rectangular, posterior margin rounded, emarginate mesad. Forceps (Fig. 24) very long and slender, cylindrical in cross-section, broader at base, tapering to apex, compressed for a short distance basad, with a prominent tooth less than half the distance from base, a few indistinct tubercles inside on apical half. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps; 15 mm. Distribution: Bismarck Islands: New Britain.

Fig. 24 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Adiathetus proreoides RAMAMURTHI. After RAMAMURTHI.

21 4.

Adiathetus glaucopterus

(BORMANS)

1888 Chelisochesglaucopterus BORMANS, Annali Mus. civ. Stor. nat. Genova (2) 6:441; figs (female in dorsal view, and female pygidium). - Terra typica: Burma (Type female: Mus. civ. Stor. nat., Genova). 1910 Adiathetus glaucopterus - BURR, Fauna brit. India, Dermaptera: 144; fig. 47 (male in dorsal view), 47a (female forceps). Literature: BEY-BIENKO, 1959; BORMANS & KRAUSS, 1900; BURR, 1 9 0 7 , 1911; HINCKS, 1947; KIRBY, 1904; P O P H A M & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 1 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 7 9 , 1 9 8 3 , 1987, 1989.

Description: Male general colour metallic green and bright chestnut-red. Head smooth and tumid, especially posteriorly; postfrontal and coronal sutures well-marked. Eyes comparatively small, much shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae 16 — (+?) jointed; first joint shorter than distance between antennal bases; second transverse, third gently clavate, fourth subclavate, about half as long as third, fifth ovate, longer than fourth but shorter than third. Pronotum a little longer than wide, widened posteriorly; surface with a copper-green lustre; posterior margin broadly rounded. Prozona of pronotum with a faint median longitudinal furrow. Tegmina ample, well-rounded at the shoulders, broad, gently emarginate at the apex; brilliant, lustrous, metallic green. Wings prominent with a small orange spot at the extreme apex. Legs blackish, the tarsi somewhat paler. Abdomen with distinct lateral glandular folds

Fig. 25 Male ultimate tergite with macrolabic forceps of Adiathetus

Fig. 26 Male ultimate tergite with brachylabic forceps of Adiathetus

glaucopterus

glaucopterus (BORMANS). A f t e r BEY-BIENKO.

glaucopterus

Original.

Original.

(BORMANS).

Fig. 27 Male genital armature of Adiathetus (BORMANS).

22 on tergite 3 and 4. Ultimate tergite ample, transverse, smooth, black, shaded with red; posterior margin tumid over the roots of the forceps, depressed in the middle, with a pair of small tubercles in the depression. Pygidium very short or hidden. Penultimate sternite broadly rounded. Forceps with branches slenderer (form macrolabia, Fig. 25), or shorter (form brachylabia, Fig. 26), with a larger inner tooth basally, and a second one on apical half, or a very large, blunt, obtuse tooth medially. Genitalia (Fig. 2 7 , gen. prep. No. 4 3 0 , det. Dr. H . STEINMANN) comparatively large and broad; central parameral plate oval, virga within genital lobe short. External parameres strongly widened medially. - Female similar to male, but each branch of forceps lanceolate, elongate, nearly straight, gently curved inwards at the apex, the inner margin denticulate. - Length of body with forceps: male: 12-17 mm, female: 15-20 mm. Distribution: India, Burma, China: Yunnan. 5.

Adiathetus nigrocastaneus

BURR

1910 Adiathetus nigrocastaneus BURR, Fauna brit. India, Dermaptera: 145; fig. 48 (male in dorsal view). - Terra typica: India: Bombay (Type male: Pusa Collection). Literature: BORELLI, 1 9 3 2 ; BURR, 1 9 1 1 ; K A POOR, 1967; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 1 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 8 3 , 1 9 8 7 , 1 9 8 9 .

Description: Male general colour black, varied with chestnut, wings clear orange, with a fuscous outer margin; femora reddish-chestnut, blackish at the base, tibiae blackish, and forceps reddish in both sexes. Head smooth, tumid; postfrontal and coronal sutures deep. Eyes comparatively small, significantly shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae 19 —(+?) jointed; first long, about as long as distance between antennal bases, second short, quadrate, third not very long and second shorter than the third, ovate. Pronotum with a distinct median longitudinal furrow and an impression on both sides in the prozona; about as long as wide, widened posteriorly. Tegmina smooth, jet-black, broad, wings prominent. Legs not very long; tarsi with golden pubescence. Abdomen broad and depressed, parallel-sided. Ultimate tergite transverse, ample, smooth, with a short folded ridge at each corner, tumid over the insertion of the forceps, depressed in the middle, with two parallel compressed longitudi-

Fig. 28 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Adiathetus nigrocastaneus BURR. A f t e r BURR.

23 nal ridges. Pygidium hidden. Penultimate sternite ample, broad, posterior margin rounded. Forceps (Fig. 28) very short, stout, remote at base, depressed, and strongly curved; inner margins with three small teeth. Genitalia unknown. Female very similar to male, but pygidium produced into a depressed plate, slightly widened apically and deeply emarginate. Forceps strongly depressed, elongate, and nearly straight. - Length of body with forceps male: 10.5-11 mm, female: 10-12 mm. Distribution: India, and Malaysia. 6. Adiathetus phoenix sp. nov. Terra typica: S. India, Madura District. Shembaganur, Astruc., gen.prep. No. 394, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN. - Type male: Termeszettudomanyi Muzeum, Budapest.

Description: Male general colour dark brownish-red; forceps dark orange. Head comparatively small, about as wide as the width of pronotum anteriorly; postfrontal and coronal sutures deep; frons tumid. Eyes typical, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae 16 —( + ?) jointed; first long, but slightly shorter than distance between antennal bases; second quadrate, third long, longer than fourth, cylindrical, fourth a little shorter than fifth, subcylindrical. Pronotum a little longer than wide, lateral margins expanded posteriorly; posterior angles and margin broadly rounded; median longitudinal furrow on prozona. Tegmina well-developed, smooth, well-rounded at the shoulders, broad, gently emarginate at the apex. Wings normally developed. Abdomen

Fig. 29 Holotype ultimate tergite with forceps of Adiathetus phoenix sp.n. Original.

Fig. 30 Holotype genitalia of phoenix sp.n. Original.

Adiathetus

24 gently dilated, densely punctulate; lateral glandular folds on tergite 3 and 4 prominent. Ultimate tergite transverse, ample, smooth, depressed in the middle, with two pairs of small tubercles in the depression; posterior margin trisinuate. Pygidium more or less quadrate, with apex truncate. Penultimate sternite broadly rounded posteriorly. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 29) characteristic; strongly trigonal in cross-section basally and medially, dorsal edges or dorsal inner margins with one large denticle, and ventral inner margins with specific denticulation, as in Fig. 29. Genitalia (Fig. 30) specific; central parameral plate broad basally and strongly narrowed apically, virga within genital lobe very long, with a longer and a shorter sclerotized sac basally. External parameres narrow, with apices acuminate. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 28 mm. Distribution: South India. 7. Adiathetus tenebrator (KIRBY) 1891 Chelisoches tenebrator KIRBY, J. Linn. Soc., London, 23: 521; pi. 12, fig. 5 (female in dorsal view). - Terra typica: India (Type female: Brit. Mus. nat. Hist., London). 1910 Adiathetus tenebrator - BURR, Fauna brit. India, Dermaptera: 146 (redescription of female). 1916 Adiathetus tenebrator -BURR, Jl. R. microsc. Soc. London, 1916: 9; pi. 2, fig. 7 (male genitalia). Literature: BORELLI, 1 9 3 1 ; BURR, 1 9 1 1 , KIRBY; 1 9 0 4 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 ; RAMAMURTHI, 1 9 6 8 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 1 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 0 , 1976; STEINMANN, 1 9 8 3 , 1987, 1 9 8 9 .

Description: Male medium size; general colour dark blackish-brown, forceps dark reddish-orange; antennae brown, with a pale ring before the apex. Head comparatively small, depressed; postfrontal and coronal sutures distinct. Eyes normal, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae 19 — (— ?) jointed; first joint well-developed, but a little shorter than distance between antennal bases; second transverse, third long, cylindrical, fourth little over half as long as third, fifth about equal to fourth. Pronotum more or less as long as wide, gently widened posteriorly. Tegmina and wings ample, smooth. Legs short, abdomen more or less parallel-sided, densely punctulate, lateral glandular folds distinct. Ultimate tergite transverse, depressed medially; posterior margin trisinuate. Pygidium short and small, truncate posteriorly. Penultimate sternite broadly rounded caudad. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 31) elongate, strongly depressed basally, inner margins with specific crenulation, and a single, small tubercle near apex. Genitalia (Fig. 32, gen.prep. No. 6 6 , det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) characteristic; central parameral plate oval, strongly narrowed apically, virga within genital lobe comparatively long, with strongly sclerotized plates basally. External parameres very narrow, as in Fig. 32. - Female similar to male, but abdomen gently dilated, ultimate tergite transverse, smooth, depressed in the middle, with a pair of small tubercles in the depression, and tumid over the forceps. Pygidium deflexed, triangular, with the apex truncate and reflexed, and a small tubercle on each side. Forceps (Fig. 33) with the branches remote at the base, trigonal, nearly

25 straight; incurved at the apex itself, the inner margins with a strong tooth near the base and a small tooth beyond the middle. - Length of body with forceps: male: 24-28 mm, female: 27-30 mm. Distribution: India, and Indonesia: Borneo.

Fig. 31 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Adiathetus tenebrator

Fig. 32 Male genital armature of Adiathetus

(KIRBY). O r i g i n a l .

Original.

tenebrator

Genus 1911 Lamprophorus kervillei

5:

Fig. 33 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Adiathetus tenebrator

(KIRBY).

Lamprophorella

(KIRBY). O r i g i n a l .

MJOBERG

BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 66. - Species, typica:

Mecomera

BURR, 1 9 0 5 .

1924 Lamprophorella

MJOBERG, Ark. Zool., Uppsala, 16 (21): 11 (new name for Lamprophorus

BURR

1 9 1 1 , p r e o c c u p i e d b y Lamprophorus GEMMINGER & HAROLD, 1 8 6 9 i n C o l e o p t e r a ) . Literature: BRINDLE, 1 9 6 6 ; GILES, 1970; KAPOOR, 1967; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1968; SAKAI, 1 9 7 1 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 ; STEINMANN, 1975, 1983, 1987, 1989; TOWNES, 1945.

Description: Body strongly depressed. Head smooth, depressed; antennae with fourth joint scarcely longer than wide, the fifth about equal to the sixth. Pronotum longer than wide, parallel-sided, rounded posteriorly. Tegmina and wings ample, smooth, without lateral longitudinal keels. Legs comparatively short, compressed. Tibiae smooth above; tarsi rather broad, moderately long. Abdomen broad and depressed, parallel-sided. Distribution: Oriental region. Single species.

25 straight; incurved at the apex itself, the inner margins with a strong tooth near the base and a small tooth beyond the middle. - Length of body with forceps: male: 24-28 mm, female: 27-30 mm. Distribution: India, and Indonesia: Borneo.

Fig. 31 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Adiathetus tenebrator

Fig. 32 Male genital armature of Adiathetus

(KIRBY). O r i g i n a l .

Original.

tenebrator

Genus 1911 Lamprophorus kervillei

5:

Fig. 33 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Adiathetus tenebrator

(KIRBY).

Lamprophorella

(KIRBY). O r i g i n a l .

MJOBERG

BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 66. - Species, typica:

Mecomera

BURR, 1 9 0 5 .

1924 Lamprophorella

MJOBERG, Ark. Zool., Uppsala, 16 (21): 11 (new name for Lamprophorus

BURR

1 9 1 1 , p r e o c c u p i e d b y Lamprophorus GEMMINGER & HAROLD, 1 8 6 9 i n C o l e o p t e r a ) . Literature: BRINDLE, 1 9 6 6 ; GILES, 1970; KAPOOR, 1967; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1968; SAKAI, 1 9 7 1 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 ; STEINMANN, 1975, 1983, 1987, 1989; TOWNES, 1945.

Description: Body strongly depressed. Head smooth, depressed; antennae with fourth joint scarcely longer than wide, the fifth about equal to the sixth. Pronotum longer than wide, parallel-sided, rounded posteriorly. Tegmina and wings ample, smooth, without lateral longitudinal keels. Legs comparatively short, compressed. Tibiae smooth above; tarsi rather broad, moderately long. Abdomen broad and depressed, parallel-sided. Distribution: Oriental region. Single species.

26 1. Lamprophorella kervillei

(BURR)

1905 Mecomera kervillei BURR, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., London, (7) 16:489. - Terra typica: Java (Type male: Brit. Mus. nat. Hist., London) (in family Labiidae). 1911 Lamprophorus kervillei - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 66; pi. 6, fig. 7 (antenna), 7 a (pronotum), 7 b (hind leg). 1924 Lamprophorella kervillei - MJOBERG, Ark. Zool., Uppsala, 16 (21): 10; pi. i, fig. 2a (male in dorsal view), 2d (male pygidium). 1976 Lamprophorella kervillei - SRIVASTAVA, Misc. Publ. Occ., (Calcutta), 2: 53 (India: Assam, West Bengal). Literature: POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1968; SAKAI, 1971, 1982; STEINMANN, 1983, 1987, 1989.

Description: Male general colour dark brownish-red, shiny. Head comparatively large, rounded posteriorly; postfrontal and coronal sutures present; depressed. Eyes large, but shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae 17 —( + ?) jointed; first joint moderately long, but shorter than distance between antennal bases; second quadrate, third long and cylindrical, fourth scarcely longer than wide, fifth about equal to the sixth. Pronotum more or less as long as wide, lateral margins straight, posterior margin rounded; median longitudinal furrow present on prozona. Tegmina and wings well-developed, smooth. Abdomen depressed, segments at the posterior margin with a transverse row of tubercles; rugulose. Ultimate tergite strongly transverse, deeply channelled in the middle of the posterior margin. Pygidium well-developed, characteristic in shape, sinuate at the sides and at the posterior margin. Penultimate sternite rounded posteriorly. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 34) long, slightly curved, broader at the base and there provided with obtuse teeth. Branches strongly

Fig. 34 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Lamprophorella kervillei (BURR). Original.

Fig. 35 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Lamprophorella kervillei (BURR). Original.

27 depressed basally, and less depressed medially, cylindrical apically. Genitalia unknown to me. - Female similar to male, but ultimate tergite slightly sinuate at the sides, pygidium smaller, and forceps (Fig. 35) slender, tapering. - Length of body with forceps: male: 16-17 mm, female: 16.5-18 mm. Distribution: India, and Indonesia: Java. Genus 6: Hamaxas 1907 Hamaxas

BURR

BURR, Trans, ent. Soc., London, 1907: 133. - Species typica: Chelisoches

feae

BORMANS, 1 8 9 4 . L i t e r a t u r e : BEY-BIENKO, 1936; BORELLI,1926; BRINDLE, 1 9 7 0 , 1972; BURR, 1 9 1 0 , 1 9 1 1 ; GILES, 1 9 7 0 ; HEBARD, 1927; KAPOOR, 1967; POPHAM&BRINDLE, 1968; SAKAI, 1 9 7 1 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 6 9 , 1976; STEINMANN, 1 9 7 5 , 1 9 8 3 , 1 9 8 7 , 1989; TOWNES, 1 9 4 5 .

Description: Smaller species; colour red, varied with black. Head smooth, depressed, postfrontal and coronal sutures obscure, indistinct; occiput tumid on each side. Antennae multi-jointed, third, joint rather short, subconical, fourth and fifth ovate, together equalling third, the rest elongate, subconical. Pronotum as wide as head, generally a little longer than wide, subovate, not or only a little widened posteriorly, all margins subconvex or rounded. Tegmina and wings well or fully developed. Legs comparatively short, very pubescent, tibiae smooth above. Abdomen fusiform, more or less depressed, generally parallel-sided. Male forceps depressed or subcylindrical basally, and cylindrical apically. Distribution: from Mongolia to New Zealand. 16 species (and 2 species in doubtful position). Identification key to the species 1 Male forceps without tooth or teeth at basal section V Male forceps with dorsal or inner tooth or teeth at basal portion 2 Apices of external parameres of the male genitalia directed inwards (Fig. 37); male forceps very short, pygidium, as in Fig. 37 1. Hamaxas singhi, p. 2' Apex of external paramere of male genitalia directed forwards or outwards; male forceps comparatively longer 3 Posterior margin of male pygidium with three minute points, one median dorsal and two ventro-lateral, margin itself convex in middle (Fig. 38); external parameres of male genitalia less expanded medially (Fig. 39) 2. Hamaxas werneri, p. 3' Posterior margin of male pygidium simple, a little emarginate in middle (Fig. 40), or rounded (Fig. 41); external parameres of male genitalia strongly expanded medially (Fig. 42) 3. Hamaxas kempi, p. 4 Male forceps with sharp, characteristic, paired dorsal and ventral denticles, or with one dorsal tooth basally 4' Male forceps without paired or unpaired dorsal tooth basally 5 Male forceps with paired, characteristic basal teeth (Fig. 43); male pygidium specific, posterior margin deeply emarginate; male genitalia as in Fig. 44 4. Hamaxas quadrituberculatus, p. 5' Male forceps with only a single dorsal tooth basally, and inner margin with or without further tooth at apical portion 6 Apices of external parameres of the male genitalia directed inwards (Figs 45 and 49); male forceps with dorsal tooth basally (Figs 45 and 48)

2 4 28 3

29

31 5 12

32 6 7

27 depressed basally, and less depressed medially, cylindrical apically. Genitalia unknown to me. - Female similar to male, but ultimate tergite slightly sinuate at the sides, pygidium smaller, and forceps (Fig. 35) slender, tapering. - Length of body with forceps: male: 16-17 mm, female: 16.5-18 mm. Distribution: India, and Indonesia: Java. Genus 6: Hamaxas 1907 Hamaxas

BURR

BURR, Trans, ent. Soc., London, 1907: 133. - Species typica: Chelisoches

feae

BORMANS, 1 8 9 4 . L i t e r a t u r e : BEY-BIENKO, 1936; BORELLI,1926; BRINDLE, 1 9 7 0 , 1972; BURR, 1 9 1 0 , 1 9 1 1 ; GILES, 1 9 7 0 ; HEBARD, 1927; KAPOOR, 1967; POPHAM&BRINDLE, 1968; SAKAI, 1 9 7 1 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 6 9 , 1976; STEINMANN, 1 9 7 5 , 1 9 8 3 , 1 9 8 7 , 1989; TOWNES, 1 9 4 5 .

Description: Smaller species; colour red, varied with black. Head smooth, depressed, postfrontal and coronal sutures obscure, indistinct; occiput tumid on each side. Antennae multi-jointed, third, joint rather short, subconical, fourth and fifth ovate, together equalling third, the rest elongate, subconical. Pronotum as wide as head, generally a little longer than wide, subovate, not or only a little widened posteriorly, all margins subconvex or rounded. Tegmina and wings well or fully developed. Legs comparatively short, very pubescent, tibiae smooth above. Abdomen fusiform, more or less depressed, generally parallel-sided. Male forceps depressed or subcylindrical basally, and cylindrical apically. Distribution: from Mongolia to New Zealand. 16 species (and 2 species in doubtful position). Identification key to the species 1 Male forceps without tooth or teeth at basal section V Male forceps with dorsal or inner tooth or teeth at basal portion 2 Apices of external parameres of the male genitalia directed inwards (Fig. 37); male forceps very short, pygidium, as in Fig. 37 1. Hamaxas singhi, p. 2' Apex of external paramere of male genitalia directed forwards or outwards; male forceps comparatively longer 3 Posterior margin of male pygidium with three minute points, one median dorsal and two ventro-lateral, margin itself convex in middle (Fig. 38); external parameres of male genitalia less expanded medially (Fig. 39) 2. Hamaxas werneri, p. 3' Posterior margin of male pygidium simple, a little emarginate in middle (Fig. 40), or rounded (Fig. 41); external parameres of male genitalia strongly expanded medially (Fig. 42) 3. Hamaxas kempi, p. 4 Male forceps with sharp, characteristic, paired dorsal and ventral denticles, or with one dorsal tooth basally 4' Male forceps without paired or unpaired dorsal tooth basally 5 Male forceps with paired, characteristic basal teeth (Fig. 43); male pygidium specific, posterior margin deeply emarginate; male genitalia as in Fig. 44 4. Hamaxas quadrituberculatus, p. 5' Male forceps with only a single dorsal tooth basally, and inner margin with or without further tooth at apical portion 6 Apices of external parameres of the male genitalia directed inwards (Figs 45 and 49); male forceps with dorsal tooth basally (Figs 45 and 48)

2 4 28 3

29

31 5 12

32 6 7

28 6' Apices of external parameres of the male genitalia directed forwards; male forceps with specific crenulated section medially (Fig. 50), or with further tooth at apical portion . . . . 7 Legs yellowish brown; posterior margin of male pygidium concave (Fig. 45) 5. Hamaxas feae, p. 7' Legs with at least tibiae and femora blackish-brown; posterior margin of male pygidium straight, or a little convex (Fig. 48) 6. Hamaxas tenebrosus, p. 8 Both branches of male forceps with a specific crenulated section medially (Fig. 50); posterior margin of pygidium rectangularly excised; male genitalia, as in Fig. 51 7. Hamaxas bidentatus, p. 8' Both branches of male forceps without median crenulated section; posterior margin of male pygidium not rectangular 9 Legs yellowish-brown 9' Legs with at least tibiae and femora blackish-brown; male forceps strongly curved (Fig. 52); posterior margin of male pygidium with two small tubercles medially; external parameres of male genitalia strongly dilated medially (Fig. 53) 8. Hamaxas nigrorufus, p. 10 External parameres of male genitalia specific, trigonal (Fig. 56); female forceps with a crenulated and parallel section medially (Fig. 57) 9. Hamaxas versicolor, p. 10' External paramere of male genitalia strongly dilated medially (Figs 59, and 63); female forceps without parallel section medially (Figs 60, and 64) 11 Virga within genital lobe of the male genitalia comparatively long, outer margin of external parameres broadly rounded, as in Fig. 59; female pygidium with small apical portion (Fig. 60) 10. Hamaxas varicoritis, p. 11' Virga within genital lobe of the male genitalia comparatively short, outer margin of external parameres as in Fig. 63; female pygidium simple (Fig. 64) . . . . 11. Hamaxas semiluteus, p. 12 Male forceps with three pairs of inner teeth (Fig. 66); virga very long 12. Hamaxas kozlovi, p. 12' Male forceps with a large, blunt inner tooth on basal half 13 Male forceps characteristic (Fig. 67), strongly depressed basally, and inner margins with a large, blunt denticle 13. Hamaxas fuscus,p. 13' Male forceps less depressed basally, and inner margin with a narrower, tooth-like projection 14 Outer margins of external parameres deeply cut out (Fig. 69); basal tooth of both branches of male forceps comparatively small, and directed inwards (Fig. 68) 14. Hamaxas melanocephalus, p. 14' Outer margins of external parameres intact, not cut out (Figs 72, and 75); basal tooth of both branches of male forceps comparatively large, directed upwards or backwards 15 Large basal tooth of male forceps directed upwards (Fig. 71); external parameres of male genitalia expanded at apical half (Fig. 72) 15. Hamaxas crassus, p. 15' Large basal tooth of male forceps directed backwards (Fig. 74); external parameres of male genitalia expanded at medial portion (Fig. 75) 16. Hamaxas pusiUus, p.

8 33 34

35 9 10

36 38 11

39 40 41 13 43 14

44 15 45 46

1. Hamaxas singhi KAPOOR 1966 Hamaxas singhi KAPOOR, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., London, (13) 9: 395; fig. 14 (antenna), 15 (pronotum, tegmina and wings), 16 (male ultimate tergite with forceps), 17 (male penultimate sternite), 18 (male forceps in ventral view), 19 (genitalia of holotype). - Terra typica: North-West Himalayas (Type male: Nation. Coll. zool. Survey India, Calcutta). L i t e r a t u r e : BHARADWAJ & KAPOOR, 1 9 6 7 , 1 9 7 0 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 1 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 ; STEINMANN, 1983, 1987, 1989.

Description: Male general colour reddish-brown, head somewhat piceous. Head smooth, frons slightly tumid between the eyes; occiput prominently depressed; postfrontal and coronal sutures nearly obsolete. Eyes comparatively small, slightly shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae 11 — ( + ?) jointed; first moderately short, considerably shorter than distance between

29 antennal bases, club-shaped, but clearly longer than the second and third combined; fourth about three-fourths the length of the third, fifth nearly equal to third. Pronotum as wide as head, clearly longer than wide, sides parallel; posterior margin slightly concave in the middle, posterior angles sometimes rounded; median longitudinal furrow distinct. Tegmina and wings well-developed, apices rounded. Legs simple. Abdomen more or less parallel-sided, pubescent. Ultimate tergite transverse, smooth, posterior margin feebly subsinuate, median longitudinal sulcus present. Pygidium transverse, posterior margin with two emarginations, angles pointed. Penultimate sternite comparatively small, rounded posteriorly. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 36) very short, depressed basally and medially, inner margins with two pairs of teeth. Genitalia (Fig. 37) characteristic; central parameral plate large, oval, virga within genital lobe not of Hamaxas-type, peculiar, with a pair of strongly sclerotized, chitinous lobes basally. External parameres present; remarkable structures, with the tendency of forming a broad lateral lobe by external dilation carried to an extreme. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 12,5 mm. Distribution: North-West Himalayas (Kulu Valley).

Fig. 36 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Hamaxas singhi KAPOOR. After KAPOOR.

2.

Hamaxas werneri

Fig. 37 Holotype genital armature of Hamaxas singhi KAPOOR.

SRIVASTAVA

1978 Hamaxas werneri SRIVASTAVA, EOS, Madrid, 52: 292; fig. 55 (male forceps), 56 (genitalia of holotype). - Terra typica: Palawan (Type male: Field Mus. nat. Hist., Chicago). Literature: SAKAI, 1 9 8 2 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 8 3 , 1 9 8 7 , 1 9 8 9 .

30 Description: Male head, pronotum, tegmina and wings dark brownish-black, pronotum yellowish on sides, legs brownish-yellow, abdomen and forceps blackish-red. Head cardiform, depressed, occiput weakly raised, postfrontal and coronal sutures obsolete, in place of transverse suture a depression present, posterior margin sinuate in middle. Antennae broken in holotype; first joint large and narrowed at base, second small, third smaller than fourth, which is equal to fifth. Pronotum slightly longer than wide, sides briefly and posteriorly wellrounded, median longitudinal furrow faint; prozona tumid and well-differentiated from flat metazona. Tegmina slightly longer than pronotum, finely punctulate, from each follicle there aries a fine hair, posterior margin obliquely truncate. Wings about half as long as tegmina with similar colour and texture. Abdomen finely punctulate, dilated at about middle. Ultimate tergite transverse with a V-shaped depression in middle posteriorly, a pair of longitudinal tubercles in the anterior part of depression with a short median sulcus in-between, tumid above the roots of forceps, with a small tubercle internally, posterior margin faintly emarginate in middle with a pair of minute tubercles in middle. Pygidium short, semivertical, declivent, gently contracted posteriorly, and provided with three minute points, one median dorsal and two ventro-lateral; margin itself convex in middle. Penultimate sternite transverse, finely punctulate, posterior margin broadly rounded with slight emargination in middle. Forceps (Fig. 38) depressed, remote at base, inner margin with a small sharp tooth on basal third and another similar but slightly larger one on apical third. Genitalia (Fig. 39) comparatively small; central parameral plate oval, virga within genital lobe

Fig. 38 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Hamaxas werneri SRIVASTAVA. After

Fig. 39 Holotype genital armature of Hamaxas werneri SRIVASTAVA. After

SRIVASTAVA.

SRIVASTAVA.

31 short; external parameres divided medially, and narrower basally. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 8.5 mm. Distribution: Philippine Islands: Palawan. 3.

Hamaxas kempi

BURR

1913 Hamaxaskempi BURR, Ree. Indian Mus., Calcutta, 8 (2): 144. - Terra typiea: India (Type male: Brit. Mus. nat. Hist., London). L i t e r a t u r e : POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 1 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1976; STEINMANN, 1 9 8 3 , 1 9 8 7 , 1989.

Description: Male general colour uniformly brownish or yellowish-brown, sometimes reddish-brown; legs yellowish-brown. Head depressed, frons tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures obsolete, in place of transverse depression; posterior margin sinuate in middle. Eyes small, considerably shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint comparatively long, about as long as distance between antennal bases; second quadrate, third long, cylindrical, fourth shorter than third. Pronotum essentially longer than broad, lateral margins straight, a little narrowed posteriorly, of Auchenomus-type; posterior angles and margin broadly rounded. Tegmina and wings well-developed, posterior margin of tegmina transversaly truncate. Abdomen fusiform, a little widened medially; distinct lateral glandular folds on tergite 3 and 4. Ultimate tergite transverse, smooth, posterior margin trisinuate. Pygidium transverse, short, posterior margin with smaller emargination or rounded. Penultimate sternite broadly rounded posteriorly. Forceps slender, elliptical in cross-section basally, cylindrical medially and apically, inner margin with very small tubercles

Fig. 40 Male ultimate tergite with macrolabic forceps of Hamaxas kempi BURR. Originai.

Fig. 41 Male ultimate tergite with microlabic forceps of Hamaxas kempi BURR. Originai.

Fig. 42 Male genital armature of Hamaxas kempi BURR. Originai.

32 (Fig. 40, form macrolabic), or strongly depressed basally and medially, elliptical in cross-section apically, inner margin with blunt, large tubercles (Fig. 41, form microlabic). Genitalia (Fig. 42, gen.prep. No. 969, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) with very large external parameres. - Female unknown to me. - Length of body with forceps: 12-13 mm. Distribution: North India. 4.

Hamaxas quadrituberculatus

BURR

1915 Hamaxas quadrituberculatus BURR, Tijd. Ent. Suppl., 58: 117. - Terra typica: Simalur Island (Type male: Rijksmus. natuurl. Hist., Leiden - type det. BURR, "jungle" nymph). L i t e r a t u r e : BOESEMAN, 1954; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 1 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, STEINMANN, 1 9 8 3 , 1 9 8 7 , 1 9 8 9 .

1976;

Description: Male head and lateral margins of pronotum yellowish; femora, tibiae, tegmina with wings, and abdomen brownish; forceps reddish-brown; tarsi yellow. Head depressed, frons tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures fine, occiput near posterior margin depressed, last margin sinuate in middle. Eyes small, essentially shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint well-developed but shorter than distance between antennal bases, second quadrate, third long, fourth shorter than third, and a little shorter than the fifth; joint 10 whitish. Pronotum about as long as wide, lateral margins widened posteriorly, last margin and posterior angles rounded; median longitudinal furrow on prozona. Tegmina and wings fully developed. Abdomen a little depressed, distinct laterial glandular folds on tergite 3 and 4. Ultimate tergite transverse, with two small tubercles near posterior margin. Pygidium characteri-

Fig. 43 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Hamaxas quadrituberculatus BURR. Originai.

Fig. 44 Male genital armature of Hamaxas quadrituberculatus BURR. Originai.

33 stic, posterior margin deeply concave. Penultimate sternite broad, posterior margin with a smaller excision medially. Forceps (Fig. 43) specific, both branches of forceps depressed basally, inner margins with a pair of dorsal and ventral denticles near pygidium. Genitalia (Fig. 44, gen.prep. No. 982, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) well-developed; central parameral plate oval, virga within genital lobe very long, with two sclerotized sacs basally; external parameres expanded medially, outer margins broadly rounded. - Female similar to male, but forceps tapering, contiguous, simple. - Length of body with forceps: in both sexes: 12-14 mm. Distribution: Indonesia: Simalur Island. 5.

Hamaxas feae

(BORMANS)

1894 Chelisochesfeae BORMANS, Annali Mus. civ. Stor. nat., Genova, 34: 393. - Terra typica: Burma (Type male: Mus. civ. Stor. nat., Genova). ' 1907 Hamaxas feae - BURR, Trans, ent. Soc., London, 1907: 134. 1910 Hamaxas feae - BURR, Fauna brit. India, Dermaptera: 148; fig. 88 (male in dorsal view) (Burma, New Guinea, New Zealand). 1926 Hamaxas feae - BORELLI, Treubia, Buitenzorg, 8: 269 (Sumatra, Java, Burma, Philippines). Literature: BOESEMAN, 1954; BEY-BIENKO, 1 9 5 9 ; BORELLI, 1 9 3 2 ; BORMANS & KRAUSS, 1900; BURR, 1 9 1 1 ; HEBARD, 1 9 2 7 ; HINCKS, 1 9 4 7 ; KIRBY, 1 9 0 4 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 1 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 ; STEINMANN, 1987, 1 9 8 9 .

Description: Male comparatively small, body length 8 - 9 mm; black, shading to orange; pubescent. Head black, lateral margins narrowly bordered with orange. Head rounded, strongly depressed, postfrontal and coronal sutures present. Eyes typical, small, slightly shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae 19-jointed; first joint long, about as long as distance between antennal bases; second transverse, third long, cylindrical, shorter than fourth and fifth combined. Pronotum a little longer than wide, lateral margins convex, posterior margin broadly rounded; median longitudinal furrow distinct. Tegmina and wings well-developed, ample and long, well-rounded at the shoulders, very finely and densely punctulate, black. Abdomen more or less parallel-sided; lateral glandular folds present on tergite 3 - 4 . Ultimate tergite transverse, smooth, with a transverse oval depression near the posterior margin, ruguse. Pygidium short, transverse, tumid, posterior margin finely sinuate, the angles pointed. Penultimate sternite simple, rounded posteriorly. Branches of forceps (Fig. 45) remote at the base, slender, elongate, gently arcuate, with a short sharp tooth near the base dorsally. Genitalia (Fig. 46) large; central parameral plate broad, virga within genital lobe comparatively short, external parameres specific, apex directed inwards. - Female very similar to male, but pygidium with two lateral spines, forceps (Fig. 47) short, simple, straight, and contiguous. - Length of body with forceps: male: 11-12 mm, female: 8-10.5 mm. Distribution: Oriental region from South China to Borneo, and New Guinea, New Zealand.

34

Fig. 45 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Hamaxas feae (BORMANS). After BURR.

Fig. 46 Male genital armature of Hamaxas feae (BORMANS). Original.

6.

Hamaxas tenebrosus

Fig. 47 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Hamaxas feae (BORMANS). Original.

BRINDLE

1968 Hamaxas tenebrosus BRINDLE, Ark. Zool., Uppsala, 20 (25): 546; fig. 23 (male forceps), 15 (external paramere of male genitalia). - Terra typica: Siargao (Type male: Naturhist. Riksmus., Stockholm). Literature: SAKAI, 1982; SRIVASTAVA, 1976; STEINMANN, 1983, 1987, 1989.

Description: Male general colour dark brownish-black. Head broad, rather depressed, punctate, the punctures rather sparse; lateral margins converging posteriorly, posterior margin slightly concave. Eyes small, considerably shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae broken in holotype; first joint broad and long, about equal in length to distance between antennal bases; second small, quadrate, third twice as long as wide, fourth rather shorter than third. Pronotum quadrate, lateral and posterior margins rounded, posterior angles absent; posterior half of disc more strongly punctured than anterior half. Tegmina about twice as long as pronotum, lateral margins curved outwards longitudinally; closely punctate, and with dense black hairs laterally. Wings similar in texture and colour to tegmina, shorter than pronotum in length. Femora dilated. Abdomen a little depressed, closely punctate. Ultimate tergite transverse, sparsely punctate laterally, plate almost impunctate; posterior margin with a broad low tubercle above the base of both branches of the forceps. Forceps (Fig. 48) arcuate, cylindrical, inner margin of both branches with a small, but sharp dorsal tooth towards base, and sometimes with small irregular dentations beyond. Genitalia of Hamaxas-type; central parameral plate oval, well-developed, virga within genital lobe normally developed; external para-

35 meres (Fig. 49) specific, strongly produced laterally. - Female similar to male, but both branches of the forceps cylindrical for most of length and with a short dorsal ridge at base; branches more or less contiguous, or less contiguous, straight, with apices incurved. The base of each branch is excavated and accommodates the quadrate pygidium, the distal margin of which is wider than rest so that the lateral margins curve outwards distally. - Length of body with forceps: male: 9-9.5 mm, female: 9.5-10 mm. Distribution: Philippine Islands: Siargao Island.

Fig. 48 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Hamaxas tenebrosus BRINDLE. After BRINDLE.

Fig. 49 External paramere of male genitalia of Hamaxas tenebrosus BRINDLE. After BRINDLE.

7.

Hamaxas bidentatus

RAMAMURTHI

1965 Hamaxas bidentatus RAMAMURTHI, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., London, (13) 8: fig. 11 (male ultimate tergite with forceps), 12 (genitalia of holotype). - Terra typica: South India (Type male: RAMAMURTHI'S Collection, Madras). L i t e r a t u r e : BHARADWAJ & KAPOOR, 1 9 7 0 ; RAMAMURTHI, 1 9 6 8 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 1 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 8 3 , 1 9 8 7 , 1 9 8 9 .

Description: Male head, first antennal joint and abdomen dark; pronotum, tegmina, wings and legs deep yellow; forceps orange-red. Head depressed, moderately pubescent; postfrontal and coronal sutures fairly distinct; posterior margin sinuate in the middle. Eyes small, considerably shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae 14 —( + ?) jointed; first normal, shorter than distance between antennal bases; second transverse, third longer, subcylindrical. Pronotum as wide as long, sides more or less straight, posterior angles and margin broadly rounded; median longitudinal furrow present. Tegmina and wings well-developed, posterior margin of tegmina sinuate mesad. Abdomen mode-

36 rately depressed, short sensory hairs restricted to sides, tergites weakly punctate, with second and third carrying glandular areas. Ultimate tergite transverse, basal region with a rectangular depression mesad, with two tubercles near base of plate; median longitudinal sulcus weak and not reaching disc. Pygidium transverse, with the dorsal aspect cut into two very distinct pyramidal elevations, with the apex of the pyramid facing upwards. Penultimate sternite rectangular, smooth. Forceps (Fig. 50) broad at base, tapering smoothly, arcuate; a well-developed tooth from the dorsal aspect overlaps the pygidium; inner margins with a crenulated section medially. Genitalia (Fig. 51) comparatively small; central parameral plate oval, virga within genital lobe with one sclerotized sac(!) basally. External parameres of Hamaxas-type, expanded medially. Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 13 mm. Distribution: South India.

Fig. 50 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Hamaxas bidentatus RAMAMURTHI. After

Fig. 51 Holotype genital armature of Hamaxas bidentatus RAMAMURTHI. After

RAMAMURTHI.

RAMAMURTHI.

8.

Hamaxas nigrorufus

(BURR)

1902 Spongiphora nigrorufa BURR, Termeszetr. Fuzetek, Budapest, 25: 480 pi. 20, fig. 3 (male in dorsal view). - Terra typica: New Guinea (Type male: lost). 1909 Hamaxas papuanus BURR, Nova Guinea, 9: 23. - Terra typica: Papua (Type male: Brit. Mus. nat. Hist., London). 1911 Spongovostox nigrorufus - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 52. 1914 Hamaxas nigrorufus - BURR, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., London, (8) 13: 584. 1922 Sparattina nigrorufa - HEBARD, OCC. Paper, B.P. Bishop Mus., 8: 323. 1941 Hamaxas esakii MENOZZI, Mushi, 13: 78. - Terra typica: Babelthuap (Type male: Kyushu Mus.). 1948 Sparattina nigrorufa - ZIMMERMANN, Insects of Hawaii, 2: 207. 1954 Hamaxas nigrorufus - BOESEMAN, Zool. Verh., Leiden, 21: 99.

37 1954 Hamaxas papuensis (misprint) - BOESEMAN, Zool. Verh., Leiden, 21: 99 [as synonym of nigrorufus

(BURR, 1902)].

1972 Hamaxas nigrorufus - BRINDLE, Insects of Micronesia, 5 (2): 169; fig. 20 a (male in dorsal view), 20 b (male genitalia), 20 c (female forceps), 20 d (tarsus of hind leg) (Celebes, New Guinea, Bismarck Archipelago, Solomon Islands, Caroline Islands to Samoa, The Society Islands, and Hawaii). 1972 Hamaxas esakii - BRINDLE, Insects of Micronesia, 5 (2): 169 [proposed synonymy with nigrorufus

(BURR, 1902)].

1989 Hamaxas papuanus - STEINMANN, World Catalogue of Dermaptera, Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, p. 626 [proposed synonymy with nigrorufus (BURR, 1902)]. Literature: BORELLI, 1915; BRINDLE, 1970, 1976; BURR, 1916; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1968; RAMAMURTHI, 1 9 6 7 ; SAKAI, 1971, 1982; SRIVASTAVA, 1976; STEINMANN, 1983, 1 9 8 7 .

Description: Male head, pronotum, tegmina and wings dark brownish-black; lateral margins of pronotum yellowish, abdomen brown, forceps orange; legs light, but tibiae and femora shaded dark brown or blackish-brown. Head depressed, frons tumid, posterior margin sinuate in the middle; postfrontal and coronal sutures obsolete. Eyes typical, small, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint well-developed, about as long as distance between antennal bases; second quadrate, third longer than fourth. Pronotum a little longer than wide, lateral margins finely convex, posterior margin and angles rounded; median longitudinal furrow present. Tegmina and wings fully developed. Abdomen depressed; ultimate tergite transverse, smooth, posterior part depressed near last margin. Pygidium various, generally with two small tubercles medially, apex concave. Penultimate sternite normal. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 52) strongly arcuate, more or less cylindrical in cross-section, except a short basal section; dorsal tooth small, but sharp; inner margin with a small tuberle

Fig. 52 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Hamaxas nigrorufus (BURR). A f t e r BURR.

Fig. 53 Male genital armature of Hamaxas nigrorufus (BURR). Original.

Fig. 54 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Hamaxas nigrorufus (BURR). A f t e r BRINDLE.

38

near apical part. Genitalia (Fig. 53, gen.prep. No. 2 5 5 , det. Dr. H . STEINMANN) characteristic, of Hamaxas-type; central parameral plate very broad, expanded medially, virga comparatively short, basal sacs strongly sclerotized; external parameres characteristic, strongly widened medially, as in Fig. 53. - Female similar to male, but pygidium with smaller or larger median projection apically; forceps trigonal in cross-section basally and medially, dorsal edge sharp, ventral edge crenulated (Fig. 54). - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 1 2 - 1 5 mm. Distribution: Indonesia: Celebes; New Guinea, Bismarck Archipelago, Solomon Islands, in the Pacific from the Palau and Caroline Islands to Samoa, the Society Islands and Hawaii. 9.

Hamaxas versicolor

BORELLI

1923 Hamaxas versicolor BORELLI, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. Univ., Torino, 38: 14. - Terra typica: Luzon (Type male: Mus. 1st. Zool. sist. Univ. Torino). 1923 Hamaxas versicolor var. a BORELLI, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. Univ., Torino, 38: 14. 1923 Hamaxas versicolor var. b. BORELLI, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. Univ., Torino, 38: 16. 1923 Hamaxas versicolor var. c. BORELLI, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. Univ., Torino, 38: 16. 1968 Hamaxas versicolor - BRINDLE, Ark. Zool., Uppsala, 20 (25): 548; fig. 24 (male forceps) (Mindoro). 1968 Hamaxas versicolor var. a, b, c - BRINDLE, Ark. Zool. Uppsala, 20 (25): 549. L i t e r a t u r e : SAKAI, 1 9 7 1 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 8 3 , 1 9 8 7 , 1 9 8 9 .

Description: Male variable in colour: head and pronotum reddish-yellow (typical form) or dark brown, blackish (var. a, and b); tegmina and wings yellowish-brown (var. a) or blackish-brown (var. b); legs yellowish-brown (typical form and var. a, and b) or legs with femora and tibiae blackish (var. c). Head rounded, depressed; frons tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures obsolete. Eyes small, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae multi-jointed; first joint well developed, about as long as the distance between antennal bases; second quadrate or transverse, third long, cylindrical. Posterior margin of head sinuate in the middle. Pronotum a little longer than wide, lateral margins straight or a little convex, posterior margin rounded. Tegmina and wings well or fully developed. Abdomen depressed, finely punctate and with sparse hairs laterally and posteriorly. Ultimate tergite transverse, smooth. Pygidium simple, transverse, posterior margin straight, truncate. Penultimate sternite simple, rounded posteriorly. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 55) arcuate, more or less cylindrical in cross-section, dorsal tooth prominent basally. Genitalia of Hamaxas-type; central parameral plate oval, virga within genital lobe median size; external parameres (Fig. 56) specific, trigonal. - Female similar to male, but forceps (Fig. 57) characteristic, with a crenulated parallel section medially. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 11-14 mm. Distribution: Philippine Islands: Luzon, Mindoro, Siargao.

39

Fig. 55 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Hamaxas versicolor

Fig. 56 External paramere of male genitalia of Hamaxas versicolor

Fig. 57 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Hamaxas versicolor

BORELLI. A f t e r BRINDLE.

BORELLI. A f t e r BRINDLE.

BORELLI. Original.

10. Hamaxas varicornis (BORMANS) 1903 Chelisoches varicornis BORMANS, in BURR, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., London, (7) 11: 265. - Terra typica: Celebes (Type male: BRUNNER'S Collection, type No. 2 0 . 7 3 4 ) . 1911 Hamaxas variicornis - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 67. L i t e r a t u r e : BURR, 1 9 1 2 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 1 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 ; STEINMANN, 1983, 1987,

1989.

Description: Male general colour light brownish-orange or darker brown; legs yellowish-brown, antennal joints 1 3 - 1 4 whitish. Head rounded, depressed, posterior margin sinuate in the middle; postfrontal and coronal sutures well-marked. Eyes small, considerably shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae multi-jointed; first long, about as long as distance between antennal bases; second quadrate, sometimes transverse, third and rest typical. Pronotum essentionally longer than wide, lateral margins convex, posterior margin and posterior angles broadly rounded; median longitudinal furrow distinct. Tegmina and wings well or fully developed, posterior margin of tegmina concave. Abdomen parallel-sided, with long hairs laterally; lateral glandular folds prominent. Ultimate tergite transverse with deep median depression near posterior margin medially, and with two smaller or larger teeth. Pygidium transverse, posterior margin finely concave. Penultimate sternite simple. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 58) more or less cylindrical in cross-section, each branches with one tooth on basal and apical portions. Genitalia (Fig. 59, gen. prep. No. 9 8 4 , det. Dr. H. STEINMANN from Borneo) characteristic; central parameral plate comparatively narrow, strongly narrower than the width of external parameres; virga within genital lobe comparatively long; external

40 parameres specific, outer margins strongly rounded and expanded medially. Female similar to male, but ultimate tergite narrowed posteriorly, and disc without strongly median depression and teeth; forceps (Fig. 60) strongly depressed basally, elliptical in cross-section medially, and cylindrical apically. Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 11.5-13 mm. Distribution: Indonesia: Celebes, and Borneo.

Fig. 58 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Hamaxas varicornis

Fig. 59 Male genital armature of Hamaxas varicornis (BORMANS). Original.

(BORMANS). Original.

11.

Hamaxas semiluteus

Fig. 60 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Hamaxas varicornis (BORMANS). Original.

(BORMANS)

1899 Chelisoches semiluteus BORMANS, in BURR, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., London, (7) 4: 259. - Terra typica: Java (Type male: Naturhist. Mus., Wien). 1911 Hamaxas semiluteus - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122:67; pi. 5, fig. 22 (male in dorsal view), pi. 6, fig. 8 (tarsus), 8 a (head, and pronotum), 8 b (antenna). L i t e r a t u r e : BOESEMAN, 1 9 5 4 ; BORELLI, 1 9 2 6 ; BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 ; BURR, 1 9 0 7 , 1 9 1 2 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 1 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 8 3 , 1 9 8 7 , 1 9 8 9 .

Description: Male general colour brownish and yellowish; head, tegmina, and wings brown, or pronotum yellowish and shaded with brown; abdomen and forceps orange or orange-brown. Head broad, depressed, frons tumid; postfrontal and coronal sutures well-marked with depressions. Eyes comparatively small, essentially shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint well-developed, about as long as distance between antennal bases; second transverse, third and rest typical. Pronotum longer than wide, all margins convex, posterior margin broadly rounded; median longitudinal furrow present.

41 Tegmina and wings well-developed, very finely and densely punctate. Abdomen depressed, smooth, shiny, of the same texture as the tegmina, tergites with sparse hairs laterally. Ultimate tergite transverse, smooth, a little depressed medially near posterior margin. Pygidium various, transverse, and with or without lateral-posterior tubercles. Penultimate sternite simple, rounded posteriorly. Forceps longer (Fig. 61) or shorter (Fig. 62), branches more or less cylindrical in cross-section, with two pairs of smaller or larger teeth. Genitalia (Fig. 63, gen.prep. No. 972, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) with narrow central parameral plate; virga within genital lobe very short, external parameres expanded medially, outer margins strongly rounded. - Female very similar to male, but forceps (Fig. 64) simple, depressed basally and medially, tapering, contiguous. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 1 1 - 1 4 mm. Description: Indonesia: Java and Borneo.

Figs 61-62 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Hamaxas semiluteus (BORMANS). Original.

Fig. 63 Male genital armature of Hamaxas semiluteus (BORMANS). Original.

Fig. 64 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Hamaxas semiluteus (BORMANS). Original.

12. H a m a x a s kozlovi SEMENOV & BEY-BIENKO 1934 Hamaxas kozlovi SEMENOV & BEY-BIENKO, Bull. Soc. ent. Fr., 3 9 : 5 6 . - Terra typica: Mongolia (Type male: Zool. Inst. Mus. Acad. Sci. USSR, Leningrad). 1936 Hamaxas kozlovi - BEY-BIENKO, Faune de l'URSS, Dermaptera; 119; fig. 33 (male ultimate tergite with forceps). 1976 Hamaxas kozlovi - SRIVASTAVA, Misc. Publ. Occ., (Calcutta), 2: 54 (Burma, China: Yunnan, and Mongolia).

42 Literature: BEY-BIENKO, 1959; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1968; SAKAI, 1 9 7 1 , 1 9 8 2 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 8 3 , 1 9 8 7 ,

1989.

Description: Male generally dark brownish-black and reddish-brown; legs uniformly reddish-brown, lateral margins of pronotum, tegmina and wings lighter brown; shiny. Head black, depressed, rounded, posterior margin with a very small emargination in the middle; frons tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures well visible. Eyes very small, considerably shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint long, well-developed, but a little shorter than distance between antennal bases; second transverse, third comparatively short, but a little longer than fourth. Pronotum more or less quadrate, sometimes a little longer than wide; lateral margin finely convex, posterior margin broadly rounded; median longitudinal furrow present. Tegmina and wings well-developed, posterior margins of tegmina slightly concave. Abdomen depressed, tergites with a series of very small tubercles near posterior margins. Ultimate tergite broad, finely rugose medially near posterior margin. Pygidium broad, posterior margin a little concave. Penultimate sternite transverse, simple, rounded posteriorly. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 65) very short, strongly depressed except in apical portion; inner margin with three pairs of denticles (sometimes first pair near pygidium very small). Genitalia (Fig. 66, gen.prep. No. 985, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN, drawn without external parameres) characteristic; central paramere small, narrowed basally, expanded apically; virga within genital lobe very long, not of Hamaxas-type; external parameres unknown to me. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 12-13 mm. Distribution: Mongolia, China, and Burma.

Fig. 65

Male ultimate tergite with forceps of

Hamaxas kozlovi SEMENOV & BEY-BIENKO. A f t e r BEY-BIENKO.

Fig. 66 Male genital armature without external parameres of Hamaxas kozlovi SEMENOV & BEY-BIENKO. O r i g i n a l .

43 13. Hamaxas fuscus

(BORELLI)

1927 Proreus fuscus BORELLI, Suppl. Ent., 15: 73. - Terra typica: Sumatra (Type male: unknown locality). 1927 Hamaxasnitidulus HEBARD, Proc. Acad. nat. Sci., Philadelphia, 79:44.-Terra typica: Sumatra (Type male: HEBARD'S Collection, type No. 1086). 1929 Hamaxas nitidulus - HEBARD, Trans. Am. ent. Soc., 55: 338 [proposed synonymy with fuscus (BORELLI, 1927)]. L i t e r a t u r e : POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1968; SAKAI, 1 9 7 1 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1976; STEINMANN, 1983, 1 9 8 7 , 1989.

Description: Male comparatively small, body length about 7 mm. General colour blackish-brown, wings and tibiae paler. Head broad, depressed, posterior margin weakly concave; postfrontal and coronal sutures present. Eyes typical, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint shorter than distance between antennal bases; second transverse, third longer than fourth. Pronotum very slightly longer than wide; glabrous; lateral margins straight and very faintly divergent posteriorly; last margin broadly convex; median longitudinal furrow present. Tegmina and wings fully developed, glabrous. Abdomen a little depressed, with glands distinct, surface glabrous or finely punctulate. Ultimate tergite moderately inflated meso-caudad, then declivent and weakly concave to posterior margin between forceps; plate with four very small tubercles near posterior margin medially. Pygidium hidden, or weakly trapezoidal, and posterior margin feebly convex between very weak latero-caudal tubercles. Penultimate sternite typical. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 67) characteristic; comparatively short, strongly depressed, with a flattened denticle on inner margins. - Female very similar to male, but forceps simple, tapering, contiguous. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 8,5-10 mm. Distribution: Indonesia: Sumatra.

Fig. 67 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Hamaxas fuscus (BORELLI). Original.

44 14.

Hamaxas melanocephalus

(DOHRN)

1865 Lobophora melanocephala DOHRN, Stettiner ent. Ztg., 26: 75. - Terra typica: India (Type male: WESTERMANN'S C o l l e c t i o n ) .

1876 1907 1927 1976

Chelisoches melanocephalus - SCUDDER, Proc. Boston nat. Sci. Hist., 18: 308. Proreus melanocephalus - BURR, Trans, ent. Soc., London, 1907: 130. Hamaxas melanocephalus - HEBARD, Proc. Acad. nat. Sci., Philadelphia, 79: 44. Hamaxas melanooephalus - SRIVASTAVA, Misc. Publ. Occ., (Calcutta), 2: 54 (India, Burma, Java).

L i t e r a t u r e : BOESEMAN, 1 9 5 4 ; BURR, 1 9 1 0 , 1 9 1 1 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 ; KAPOOR, 1 9 6 7 ; KIRBY, 1 9 0 4 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 1 , 1 9 8 2 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 8 3 , 1 9 8 7 ,

1989.

Description: Male head, antero-medial part of pronotum, tegmina and wings black, abdomen and forceps reddish; lateral part of pronotum, and legs yellowish or yellowish-brown. Head broad, smooth, postfrontal and coronal sutures well visible; posterior margin sinuate in the middle; depressed. Eyes typical, very short, essentially shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First joint of antenna about as long as distance between antennal bases; second quadrate, third slightly longer than fourth. Pronotum longer than wide, lateral margins straight, posterior angles and margin broadly rounded; median longitudinal furrow present. Tegmina and wings well developed, finely punctate or glabrous; posterior margin of tegmina finely convex. Abdomen depressed, normally developed; ultimate tergite transverse, with a smaller depression medially near posterior margin, and two smaller, obtuse tubercles. Pygidium transverse,

Fig. 68 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Hamaxas melanocephalus (DOHRN). Original.

Fig. 69 Male genital armature of Hamaxas melanocephalus ( D O H R N ) . Original.

Fig. 70 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Hamaxas melanocephalus (DOHRN). Original.

45 simple. Penultimate sternite broad, posterior margin with a very slight emargination medially. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 68) comparatively short, strongly depressed basally, flattened medially, and more or less cylindrical in cross-section apically; branches with a sharp tooth basally, which is directed inwards; median section with a crenulated part ventrally. Genitalia (Fig. 69, gen.prep. No. 970, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) well developed; central parameral plate narrow basally, and expanded apically; virga within genital lobe comparatively short, distinct; external parameres deeply cut out on outer margin. - Female very similar to male, but forceps specific (Fig. 70), arcuate, less depressed, inner margin with a characteristic fine crenulation. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 12-14 mm. Distribution: India, Burma, and Indonesia: Java. 15. Hamaxas crassus

BORELLI

1926 Hamaxas crassus BORELLI, Res. biol., 1 (5): 77. - Terra typica: Mindoro (Type male: Osservatorio di Fitopatología, Chiavari). Literature: BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 1 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 8 3 , 1 9 8 7 , 1 9 8 9 .

Description: Male head, pronotum, tegmina and wings are blackish in colour, this darker colour gradually extending so that all the segments are dark brown beyond the 9th or 10th; basal antennal joints yellow, and the distal joints have the apices dark brown. Head broad, depressed, posterior margin sinuate in the

Fig. 71 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Hamaxas crassus BORELLI. Original.

Fig. 72 Male genital armature of Hamaxas crassus BORELLI. Original.

Fig. 73 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Hamaxas crassus BORELLI. Original.

46 middle; postfrontal and coronal sutures well visible. Eyes very small, quite shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint well developed, about as long as distance between antennal bases; second transverse, third longer than fourth. Pronotum longer than wide, lateral margins more or less straight or finely convex; posterior margin rounded; median longitudinal furrow distinct. Tegmina and wings well developed, punctulate. Abdomen depressed, with hairs laterally and occasionally posteriorly. Ultimate tergite transverse, the disc with four (sometimes only two) very fine tubercles medially. Pygidium hidden or very short, transverse, simple. Penultimate sternite broad, convex posteriorly. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 71) various in shape, longer or shorter; depressed basally, elliptical medially and cylindrical apically; inner margins with a large, blunt, obtuse tooth or denticle, with tooth generally directed upwards. Genitalia (Fig. 72, gen.prep. No. 986, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) of Hamaxas-type; central parameral plate narrow, virga within genital lobe medium size, external parameres expanded medially or in the apical half. - Female similar to male, but ultimate tergite with a series of very small tubercles, and forceps (Fig. 73) straight, contiguous, tapering. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 11-13,5 mm.

Distribution: Philippine Islands: Mindoro. 16. Hamaxas pusillus (BORELLI) 1918 Proreus pusillus BORELLI, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. Univ., Torino, 32 (721): 2. - Terra typica: Philippines (Type male: Mus. 1st. Zool. sist. Univ., Torino). 1927 Hamaxas pusillus - HEBARD, Proc. Acad. nat. Sci., Philadelphia, 79: 44. 1971 Proreus pusillus - SAKAI, Derm. Cat. Prael., Tokyo, 6: 87. 1976 Hamaxas pusillus - SRIVASTAVA, Misc. Publ. Occ., (Calcutta), 2: 55. 1983 Proreus pusillus - SRIVASTAVA, Boll. Mus. Reg. Sci. nat., Torino, 1 (2): 236; fig. 24 (male in dorsal view), 25 (penultimate sternite). 1987 Hamaxas pusillus - STEINMANN, Annls hist.-nat. Mus. natn. hung., 79: 115. Literature: SAKAI, 1982; STEINMANN, 1983, 1989.

Description: Male general colour light brownish-yellow; tegmina shaded with brownish colour on humeral portions; forceps orange. Head depressed, comparatively large, a little wider than the width of pronotum; posterior margin sinuate in the middle; postfrontal and coronal sutures well marked. Eyes typical, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint yellow, about as long as distance between antennal bases; second transverse, third joint a little longer than fourth. Pronotum longer than wide, lateral margins straight, widened posteriorly; posterior margin rounded; median longitudinal furrow present. Tegmina comparatively short, wings well developed. Abdomen depressed, smooth. Ultimate tergite transverse, with two smaller or larger tubercles medially near posterior margin. Pygidium moderately short, posterior margin convex. Penultimate sternite simple, rounded posteriorly. Forceps (Fig. 74) straight except at apical portion; inner margins with a large ventral tooth, which is

47

directed backwards, and with a further tooth on apical section. Genitalia (Fig. 75, gen. prep. No. 722, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) specific; central parameral plate narrow, virga within genital lobe comparatively short; external parameres expanded medially. - Female similar to male, but forceps simple, tapering, contiguous. - Length of body with forceps: male: 12-14 mm, female: 11,515 mm. Distribution: Philippine Islands: Mindanao.

Fig. 74 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Hamaxas pusillus (BORELLI). Original.

Fig. 75 Male genitalia of Hamaxas pusillus (BORELLI). Original.

Doubtful position ? Hamaxas dohertyi (BURR) 1899 Chelisoches dohertyi BURR, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., London, (7) 4: 258. - Terra typica: Celebes (Type male: Brit. Mus. nat. Hist., London - strongly broken). 1911 Hamaxas dohertyi - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 67. 1976 Hamaxas dohertyi - SRIVASTAVA, Misc. Publ. Occ., (Calcutta), 2: 53 (Celebes). 1982 Hamaxas dohertyi - SAKAI, Bull. Daito Bunka Univ., Tokyo, 20: 45 (Madagascar!).

? Hamaxas fletcheri (HEBARD) 1923 Proreus fletcheri HEBARD, Mem. Dept. agr. India, 7: 221; pi. 20, fig. 16 (male ultimate tergite with forceps). - Terra typica: India (Type male: HEBARD'S Collection, type No. 774 - lost). 1927 Hamaxas fletcheri - HEBARD, Proc. Acad. nat. Sci., Philadelphia, 79: 44. 1968 Proreus fletcheri - POPHAM & BRINDLE, Entomologist, London, 101: 133. 1976 Hamaxas fletcheri - SRIVASTAVA, Misc. Publ. Occ., (Calcutta), 2: 54 (India: Assam).

48 Genus 7: Euenkrates

REHN

1907 Enkrates BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. London, 1907: 131. - Species typica: Forficula flavipennis FABRICIUS, 1 7 9 3 .

1927 Euenkrates REHN (new name for Enkrates BURR, 1907), Ent. News, 38: 148. Species typica: Sphingolabis variegata KIRBY, 1891. L i t e r a t u r e : BRINDLE, 1 9 7 3 ; BURR, 1 9 1 1 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 1 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 7 5 , 1 9 8 3 , 1 9 8 7 , 1 9 8 9 ; TOWNES, 1 9 4 5 .

Description: Very similar to the genus Chelisoches SCUDDER, 1 8 7 6 , differing mainly in the longer antennal joints which are less cylindrical, and by the rather distinctive shape of the normal male forceps. Fourth antennal joint almost globular, the fifth short, all subclavate. Head smooth, sutures obsolete or finely visible. Pronotum ample, tegmina smooth, without lateral longitudinal keels. Wings present. Legs rather long; tibiae smooth above, tarsi rather long and slender. Male forceps well developed, variously armed, more or less depressed and remote. Notes by BRINDLE (1973):"Enkrates BURR was erected for Forficula flavipennis FABRICIUS but the synonymy given for this species in BURR ( 1 9 0 7 , and 1 9 1 1 ) refers to a distinct species, Sphingolabis variegata KIRBY. REHN ( 1 9 2 4 ) pointed out that flavipennis FABRICIUS and variegata KIRBY, previously confused, were two distinct species, and quoted the original description to show that flavipennis FABRICIUS is the same species as plagiate FAIRMAIRE. This latter species is placed in Chelisoches in BURR ( 1 9 0 7 , and 1 9 1 1 ) . REHN ( 1 9 2 4 ) therefore transferred flavipennis FABRICIUS to Chelisoches, and plagiata FAIRMAIRE became a synonym offlavipennis. In consequence Enkrates BURR became a synonym of Chelisoches SCUDDER, and variegata KIRBY required a new genus. REHN ( 1 9 2 7 ) proposed the name Euenkrates for this species." Distribution: Old World. 4 species.

Identification key to the species 1 1' 2 2' 3 3' 4 4'

African species. Male forceps strongly trigonal in cross-section basally and medially, with a very large, thorn-like inner tooth on ventral ridge (Fig. 76) 1. Euenkrates variegatum, p. Oriental or Indo-Australian species Pronotum as wide as long; postfrontal sutures obsolete; abdomen more or less parallel-sided 2. Euenkrates simplex, p. Pronotum longer than wide; postfrontal sutures finely visible; abdomen expanded medially 3. Euenkrates boesemani, p. Male forceps with a larger and a smaller inner tooth medially (Fig. 82) 4. Euenkrates elegans f. typica, p. Male forceps without inner teeth medially Male forceps elongate, with large inner teeth on basal portion (Fig. 83) 4. Euenkrates elegans var. burri, p. Male forceps very short, without inner teeth (Fig. 84) 4. Euenkrates elegans var. inermis, p.

49 2 50 51 52 4 52 52

49 1.

Euenkrates variegatum

(KIRBY)

1891 Sphingolabis variegata KIRBY, J. Linn. Soc., London, 23: 527. - Terra typica: Sierra Leone (Type female: Brit. Mus. nat. Hist., London). 1900 Forficula variegata - BORMANS & KRAUSS, Das Tierreich, Berlin, 11: 127. 1903 Chelisoches vittatus BURR, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., London, (7) 11: 274. - Terra typica: Nigeria (Type male: Brit. Mus. nat. Hist., London). 1904 Chelisoches limbatus BORG, Ark. Zool., Uppsala, 1: 575.-Terra typica: Cameroon (Type male: Naturhist. Riksmus., Stockholm). 1911 Enkratesflavipennis (FABRICIUS, 1793), BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 66 (synonymy only). 1927 Euenkrates variegatum - REHN, Ent. News, 38: 149. 1973 Euenkrates variegatum - BRINDLE, The Dermaptera of Africa, 1: 230; fig. 311 (male in dorsal view), 313 (male genitalia) (Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast, Nigeria, Cameroon, Principe Island, Angola). 1973 Chelisoches vittatus - BRINDLE, The Dermaptera of Africa, 1: 230 [as synonym of variegatum (KIRBY, 1891)].

1973 Chelisoches limbatus - BRINDLE, The Dermaptera of Africa, 1: 230 (as synyonym of variegatum (KIRBY, 1891)).

1989 Chelisoches limbatus - STEINMANN, World Catalogue of Dermaptera, Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, p. 619 (proposed synonymy with variegatum (KIRBY, 1891)]. Literature: BORELLI, 1907, 1923; BRINDLE, 1968; BURR, 1912; HINCKS, 1952, 1956; HUXLEY, 1968; KIRBY, 1904; MENOZZI, 1935; REHN, 1945; SAKAI, 1971, 1982; STEINMANN, 1981, 1989.

Description: Male dark reddish-brown, antennae brown, one or more distal joints whitish; head reddish, tegmina blackish-brown with a wide median yellowish longitudinal band, which is sometimes widened so that most of the tegmina is yellow; wings brownish, broadly yellow on external margin and at apices; legs yellow. Head tumid, posterior margin finely sinuate in the middle;

Fig. 76 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Euenkrates variegatum (KIRBY). Original.

Fig. 77 Male genital armature of Euenkrates variegatum

Original.

(KIRBY).

Fig. 78 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Euenkrates variegatum (KIRBY). Original.

50

eyes small, essentially shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint comparatively short, shorter than distance between antennal bases; second transverse, third longer. Pronotum a little transverse or subquadrate, slightly widened posteriorly, posterior margin convex. Tegmina and wings well developed. Legs comparatively slender, femora broad. Abdomen depressed, closely punctate, punctures deeper in male than in female. Ultimate tergite depressed medially near posterior margin to form a triangular area which has a number of small tubercles. Pygidium transverse, short, posterior margin concave. Penultimate sternite simple. Forceps (Fig. 76) trigonal in cross-sextion basally and finely medially, with a short blunt dorsal longitudinal ridge; branches evenly curved, inner margins very slightly crenulated, and with one large thorn-like tooth on inner margins about one-third from base, with this tooth occasionally absent or reduced in size. Genitalia (Fig. 7 7 , gen.prep. No. 3 5 , det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) simple; central parameral plate oval, virga within genital lobe comparatively short, external parameres a little expanded medially, apex acuminate. - Female very similar to male, ultimate tergite scarcely depressed medially, narrower, with or without small tubercles. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 78) straight, evenly narrowed distally, inner margins slightly crenulated. - Length of body with forceps, male: 11-16 mm, female: 12-15 mm. Distribution: West-Central Africa, from Sierra Leone eastwards to the Congo Republic and south-west to Angola. 2.

Euenkrates simplex

RAMAMURTHI

1967 Euenkrates simplex RAMAMURTHI, Ent. Meddr., 35: 253; fig. 34 (male ultimate tergite with forceps in dorsal view), 35 (ditto, in ventral view), 36 (genitalia of holotype). - Terra typica: New Ireland (Type male: Zool. Mus., Kabenhavn). L i t e r a t u r e : SAKAI, 1 9 7 1 , 1 9 8 2 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 8 3 , 1 9 8 7 , 1 9 8 9 .

Description: Male general colour uniformly reddish-brown, except narrow lateral areas of pronotum, pale yellow. Head tumid, smooth, postfrontal and coronal sutures obsolete; posterior margin sinuate in the middle. Eyes small, considerably shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae 17 — ( + ?) jointed; first joint large and swollen, shorter than distance between antennal bases; second smallest, transverse, third and fifth subequal, fourth shorter than third. Pronotum as wide as long, slightly contracted posteriorly, sides convex, anterior and posterior margins truncate; prozona tumid and well separated from the depressed sides, with slightly elevated metazone; median longitudinal furrow strong and extending to more than three-fourths the distance of metazona. Tegmina and wings well developed. Abdomen moderately depressed, parallelsided, very feebly punctulate, glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 present. Ultimate tergite transverse, mooth, simple. Pygidium short, posterior margin deeply concave. Penultimate sternite broadly rounded, feebly emarginate mesad. Forceps (Fig. 79) comparatively short, arcuate, swollen at base, slender and

51 tapering beyond, inner margins with indistinct denticles or tubercles at base. Genitalia (Fig. 80) typical; central parameral plate well developed, virga within genital lobe moderately short, external parameres narrow, apex acuminate. Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 9,5-11,5 mm. Distribution: Bismarck Islands: New Ireland.

Fig. 79 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Euenkrates simplex RAMAMURTHI. After RAMAMURTHI.

3.

Fig. 80 Holotype genital armature of Euenkrates simplex RAMAMURTHI. After RAMAMURTHI.

Euenkrates boesemani

STEINMANN

1981 Euenkrates boesemani STEINMANN, Acta zool. hung., 27: 206; fig. 56 (holotype ultimate tergite with forceps). - Terra typica: Sumatra (Type female: Amsterdam Mus.). Literature: SAKAI, 1982; STEINMANN, 1983, 1987, 1989.

Description: Female general colour reddish- or blackish-brown. Head red, antennae brown, except yellow first and 11th joints, legs yellowish-red, tegmina and wings dark brown, abdomen reddish-brown medially, black laterally. Head tumid, smooth; postfrontal sutures finely visible; posterior margin sinuate in the middle. Eyes small, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae 14-jointed (broken in holotype); first joing long, longer than eye, about as long as distance between antennal bases; second transverse, third longer, shorter than first, but longer than fourth. Pronotum longer than wide, lateral margins parallel, posterior margin rounded; median longitudinal furrow finely visible. Tegmina and wings fully developed, shiny. Abdomen a little depressed, punctate dorsally; glandular folds present on tergite 3 - 4 . Ultimate tergite broad, a little narrowed posteriorly; posterior margin concave. Pygidium moderately small, posterior margin concave. Penultimate sternite broadly rounded posteriorly.

52 Both branches of forceps (Fig. 81) elongate, symmetrical, tapering, contiguous. Male unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 12,5 mm. Distribution: Indonesia: Sumatra.

Fig. 81 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Euenkrates boesemani STEINMANN. After STEINMANN.

4.

Euenkrates elegans

(BORMANS)

Chelisoches elegans BORMANS, Annali Mus. civ. Stor. nat., Genova, ( 2 ) 2 0 : 4 6 4 . - Terra typica: Sumatra (Type male: Mus. civ. Stor. nat., Genova). 1902 Apterygida lingua BURR, Termeszetr. Fiizetek, Budapest, 2 5 : 486; pi. 20,fig.8 (female in dorsal view). - Terra typica: Java (Type female: unknown locality). 1909 Proreus elegans - BURR, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., London, (8) 13: 256. 1911 Enkrates elegans - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 1 2 2 : 67; pi. 6, fig. 5 (male in dorsal view). 1911 Apterygida lingua - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 1 2 2 : 66 [proposed synonymy with elegans (BORMANS, 1900)]. 1954 Enkrates elegans - BOESEMAN, Zool. Verh., Leiden, 2 1 : 97. 1954 Enkrates elegans var. burri BOESEMAN, Zool. Verh., Leiden, 21:97; fig. 23 e (male ultimate tergite with forceps). - Terra typica: Java (Type male: Rijksmus. natuurl. Hist., Leiden). 1954 Enkrates elegans var. inermis BOESEMAN, Zool. Verh., Leiden, 2 1 : 97; fig. 23 f. (male ultimate tergite with forceps). - Terra typica: Java (Type male: Rijksmus. natuurl., Hist., Leiden). 1971 Chelisoches elegans - SAKAI, Derm. Cat. Prael., Tokyo, 6: 164. 1976 Euenkrates elegans - SRIVASTAVA, Misc. Publ. Occ., (Calcutta), 2: 53 (Sumatra, Java). Literature: BURR, 1912; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1968; SAKAI, 1982; STEINMANN, 1983, 1987, 1989. 1900

Description: Male brownish- or reddish-yellow; antennae brown, sometimes with joints 12-13, yellow; forceps red or orange. Head broad, tumid, posterior margin emarginate in the middle; postfrontal and coronal sutures finely visible or well marked. Eyes small, slightly shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint comparatively short, essentially shorter than distance between antennal bases; second quadrate or subquadrate, third short, about as long as fourth. Pronotum quadrate or a little transverse, lateral margins

53

converging posteriorly; posterior margin convex; median longitudinal furrow distinct or indistinct. Tegmina and wings well or fully developed. Abdomen a little depressed, finely or scarcely punctulate. Ultimate tergite transverse, with median depression near posterior margin; posterior margin trisinuate. Pygidium various in size and shape (Figs 82-84), generally broad. Penultimate sternite

Fig. 82 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Euenkrates elegans (BORMANS). A f t e r B U R R .

Fig. 83 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Euenkrates elegans var. burri BOESEMAN. After BOESEMAN.

Fig. 84 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Euenkrates elegans var. inermis

After

Fig. 85 Male genital armature of Euenkrates elegans (BORMANS). Original.

BOESEMAN. BOESEMAN.

Fig. 86 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Euenkrates elegans (BORMANS). Original.

54 broad, rounded posteriorly. Both branches of forceps of medium size, with sharp median teeth on internal margins (Fig. 82, form typical), elongate, with basal teeth and crenulated section on internal margins (Fig. 83, var. burri), or very short, depressed, and without inner teeth (Fig. 84, var. inermis). Genitalia (Fig. 85, gen.prep. No. 942, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) simple; central parameral plate small and oval, virga within genital lobe of medium size or comparatively short; external parameres well developed, narrow, apices acuminate, pointed. Female very similar to male, but pygidium distinct, various in size and shape, depressed; forceps (Fig. 86) elongated, a little trigonal in cross-section basally, straight, contiguous. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 12-18 mm. Distribution: Indonesia: Sumatra and Java. Genus 8: Tauropygia

BRINDLE

1970 Tauropygia BRINDLE, Pacific Insects, 12 (3): 691. - Species typica: Tauropygia

tridentata

BRINDLE, 1 9 7 0 . L i t e r a t u r e : SAKAI, 1 9 7 1 , 1 9 8 2 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 7 5 , 1 9 8 3 , 1 9 8 7 ,

1989.

Description: Robust species; antennal joints elongated, tegmina broad but short, obliquely truncate posteriorly; wings absent or concealed. Legs long, abdomen broad, widest posteriorly in male, fusiform in female. Cuticle glabrous. Forceps dimorphic, those of the male undulate and branches with inner teeth, those of female slender and contiguous. Male genitalia of Chelisochid-type, with one genital lobe, a prominent virga and paired sclerotized sacs; external parameres widest distally, short, apices narrowed. Distribution: Solomon Islands. Single species. 1. Tauropygia tridentata BRINDLE 1970 Tauropygia tridentata BRINDLE, Pacific Insects, 12 (3): 691; fig. 53 (male in dorsal view), 54 (male forceps in lateral view), 55 (genitalia of holotype), 56 (female pygidium). - Terra typica: Bougainville (Type male: Bishop Mus., Honolulu). L i t e r a t u r e : SAKAI, 1 9 7 1 , 1 9 8 2 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 8 3 , 1 9 8 7 ,

1989.

Description: Male black, and shiny; antennae and mouthparts yellow or yellowish-brown, pronotum yellow on lateral margins legs yellow, distal part of femora vaguely darker, pygidium and forceps yellowish-brown. Head transverse, depressed on occiput, and with two narrow, short, curved longitudinal depressions between bases of antennae. Eyes small, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint elongate, longer than distance between antennal bases, second transverse, the rest smaller. Pronotum longer than wide, parallel-sided, posterior margin convex; prozona with two small elliptical depressions on each side of a very short weak longitudinal ridge. Tegmina short, wings absent. Legs long, tip of posterior tarsi reaching beyond tip of abdomen. Abdomen depressed, broadened gradually to ultimate tergite; cuticle, except that

54 broad, rounded posteriorly. Both branches of forceps of medium size, with sharp median teeth on internal margins (Fig. 82, form typical), elongate, with basal teeth and crenulated section on internal margins (Fig. 83, var. burri), or very short, depressed, and without inner teeth (Fig. 84, var. inermis). Genitalia (Fig. 85, gen.prep. No. 942, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) simple; central parameral plate small and oval, virga within genital lobe of medium size or comparatively short; external parameres well developed, narrow, apices acuminate, pointed. Female very similar to male, but pygidium distinct, various in size and shape, depressed; forceps (Fig. 86) elongated, a little trigonal in cross-section basally, straight, contiguous. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 12-18 mm. Distribution: Indonesia: Sumatra and Java. Genus 8: Tauropygia

BRINDLE

1970 Tauropygia BRINDLE, Pacific Insects, 12 (3): 691. - Species typica: Tauropygia

tridentata

BRINDLE, 1 9 7 0 . L i t e r a t u r e : SAKAI, 1 9 7 1 , 1 9 8 2 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 7 5 , 1 9 8 3 , 1 9 8 7 ,

1989.

Description: Robust species; antennal joints elongated, tegmina broad but short, obliquely truncate posteriorly; wings absent or concealed. Legs long, abdomen broad, widest posteriorly in male, fusiform in female. Cuticle glabrous. Forceps dimorphic, those of the male undulate and branches with inner teeth, those of female slender and contiguous. Male genitalia of Chelisochid-type, with one genital lobe, a prominent virga and paired sclerotized sacs; external parameres widest distally, short, apices narrowed. Distribution: Solomon Islands. Single species. 1. Tauropygia tridentata BRINDLE 1970 Tauropygia tridentata BRINDLE, Pacific Insects, 12 (3): 691; fig. 53 (male in dorsal view), 54 (male forceps in lateral view), 55 (genitalia of holotype), 56 (female pygidium). - Terra typica: Bougainville (Type male: Bishop Mus., Honolulu). L i t e r a t u r e : SAKAI, 1 9 7 1 , 1 9 8 2 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 8 3 , 1 9 8 7 ,

1989.

Description: Male black, and shiny; antennae and mouthparts yellow or yellowish-brown, pronotum yellow on lateral margins legs yellow, distal part of femora vaguely darker, pygidium and forceps yellowish-brown. Head transverse, depressed on occiput, and with two narrow, short, curved longitudinal depressions between bases of antennae. Eyes small, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint elongate, longer than distance between antennal bases, second transverse, the rest smaller. Pronotum longer than wide, parallel-sided, posterior margin convex; prozona with two small elliptical depressions on each side of a very short weak longitudinal ridge. Tegmina short, wings absent. Legs long, tip of posterior tarsi reaching beyond tip of abdomen. Abdomen depressed, broadened gradually to ultimate tergite; cuticle, except that

55 of last tergite, punctate; glandular fold on tergite 4 relatively large. Ultimate tergite smooth, posterior margin raised above the bases of each branch of the forceps, each of the raised areas bearing one large and one small tubercle. Pygidium characteristic (Fig. 87), short, transverse, with two large cylindrical and slightly curved processes. Forceps depressed at basal half, and cylindrical apically; both branches angled at base, forming a ventral projection, then directed dorso-posteriorly to about mid-point, then curved ventrally; on the inner-basal margins is a larger thorn-like tooth, directed medially. Genitalia (Fig. 88) of Hamaxas-type', central parameral plate oval, well developed, virga within genital lobe strongly sclerotized, moderately short; external parameres wide, apices pointed. - Female as male, but both branches of forceps (Fig. 89) long and slender, excavated at base to accommodate a smaller or larger pygidium, the apices deeply excised. - Length of body with forceps: male: 16-18 mm, female: 16-17 mm. Distribution: Solomon Islands: Bougainville.

Fig. 87 Holotype ultimate tergite with forceps of Tauropygia tridentata BRINDLE. A f t e r BRINDLE.

Fig. 88 Holotype genital armature of Tauropygia tridentata BRINDLE. A f t e r BRINDLE.

Genus 9: Gressitolabis

Fig. 89 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Tauropygia tridentata BRINDLE. Originai.

BRINDLE

1970 Gressitolabis BRINDLE, Pacific Insects, 12 (3): 285. - Species typica: Gressitolabis

delicatula

BRINDLE, 1 9 7 0 . L i t e r a t u r e : BRINDLE, 1 9 7 2 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 1 , 1 9 8 2 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 7 5 , 1 9 8 3 , 1 9 8 7 , 1 9 8 9 .

Description: Rather small, slender species. Eyes small, scape long, all antennal joints elongated and slender; tegmina and wings fully developed. Legs long,

55 of last tergite, punctate; glandular fold on tergite 4 relatively large. Ultimate tergite smooth, posterior margin raised above the bases of each branch of the forceps, each of the raised areas bearing one large and one small tubercle. Pygidium characteristic (Fig. 87), short, transverse, with two large cylindrical and slightly curved processes. Forceps depressed at basal half, and cylindrical apically; both branches angled at base, forming a ventral projection, then directed dorso-posteriorly to about mid-point, then curved ventrally; on the inner-basal margins is a larger thorn-like tooth, directed medially. Genitalia (Fig. 88) of Hamaxas-type', central parameral plate oval, well developed, virga within genital lobe strongly sclerotized, moderately short; external parameres wide, apices pointed. - Female as male, but both branches of forceps (Fig. 89) long and slender, excavated at base to accommodate a smaller or larger pygidium, the apices deeply excised. - Length of body with forceps: male: 16-18 mm, female: 16-17 mm. Distribution: Solomon Islands: Bougainville.

Fig. 87 Holotype ultimate tergite with forceps of Tauropygia tridentata BRINDLE. A f t e r BRINDLE.

Fig. 88 Holotype genital armature of Tauropygia tridentata BRINDLE. A f t e r BRINDLE.

Genus 9: Gressitolabis

Fig. 89 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Tauropygia tridentata BRINDLE. Originai.

BRINDLE

1970 Gressitolabis BRINDLE, Pacific Insects, 12 (3): 285. - Species typica: Gressitolabis

delicatula

BRINDLE, 1 9 7 0 . L i t e r a t u r e : BRINDLE, 1 9 7 2 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 1 , 1 9 8 2 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 7 5 , 1 9 8 3 , 1 9 8 7 , 1 9 8 9 .

Description: Rather small, slender species. Eyes small, scape long, all antennal joints elongated and slender; tegmina and wings fully developed. Legs long,

56 femora only slightly broadened. Forceps of both sexes similar in length and thickness, both branches slender and long. Genitalia of Chelisochid-type, with a single genital lobe, a prominent virga, and paired genital sclerites. Distribution: Solomon Islands. 2 species. Identification key to the species (after

BRINDLE)

Body almost uniformly blackish-brown; femora and tibiae yellow, each with a broad dark brown median ring; forceps of male with two teeth on the inner margin of each branch (Fig. 90); pygidium with posterior margin strongly concave; external parameres of male genitalia broadened medially (Fig. 91) 1. Gressitolabis delicatula, p. 56 1' Body variegated in colour, reddish yellow, yellowish brown and black; femora yellow, blackish distally, tibiae uniformly blackish; forceps of male with a single tooth on the inner margin of each branch (Fig. 93); pygidium with posterior margin slightly concave; external parameres of male genitalia narrow, more or less parallel-sided, except at apices (Fig. 94) 2. Gressitolabis gurneyi, p. 57 1

1.

Gressitolabis delicatula

BRINDLE

1970 Gressitolabis delicatula BRINDLE, Pacific Insects, 12 (3): 687; fig. 63 (male in dorsal view), 64 (female forceps), 65 (penultimate sternite), 66 (genitalia of holotype). - Terra typica: Bougainville (Type male: Bishop Mus., Honolulu). L i t e r a t u r e : BRINDLE, 1 9 7 2 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 1 , 1982; STEINMANN, 1 9 8 3 , 1 9 8 7 , 1989.

Description: Male blackish-brown, shiny; legs characteristic, dark brown, bases and apices of femora yellow, bases and distal V* or more of tibiae yellow, tarsi yellowish-brown; forceps reddish-brown to brown, apices whitish-yellow. Head transverse, mainly tumid, depressed slightly on occiput on each side of coronal suture; two small elliptical depressions occur between antennal bases. Eyes shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint long, as long as or slightly longer than distance between antennal bases, second transverse, the rest elongated and slender. Pronotum longer than wide, slightly widened posteriorly, lateral margins almost straight, posterior margin convex. Tegmina and wings well developed. Abdomen slender, parallel-sided, glandular fold on tergite 4 large; cuticle strongly punctate. Ultimate tergite transverse, posterior margin depressed between bases of branches of forceps, and with two tubercles above base of each branch. Pygidium transverse, short, with dorsal and ventral parts. Penultimate sternite broad, postero-lateral angles oblique, posterior margin excised. Forceps (Fig. 90) very slender, trigonal at extreme base only, cylindrical distally, slightly undulate, inner margins with a small tooth '/¡from base, directed slightly dorso-medially, and a second tooth, larger and ventral in position, at mid-point. Genitalia (Fig. 91) of Hamaxas-type; central parameral plate broad, e little widened apically, virga within genital lobe typical; external parameres wide, with distinct apex. - Female similar to male, but abdominal tergites much less punctate; ultimate tergite with posterior margin concave

57 medially. Both branches of forceps long and slender (Fig. 92), almost straight except at apex; pygidium triangular, apex deeply excised. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 11-12,5 mm. Distribution: Solomon Islands: Bougainville.

Fig. 90 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Gressitolabis delicatula BRINDLE. After BRINDLE.

Fig. 91 Holotype genital armature of Gressitolabis delicatula BRINDLE. After BRINDLE.

2. Gressitolabis gurneyi

Fig. 92 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Gressitolabis delicatula BRINDLE. After BRINDLE.

BRINDLE

1972 Gressitolabis gurneyi BRINDLE, Entomologist's Rec., 84: 281; fig. 1 (male in dorsal view), 2 (genitalia of holotype), 3 (male forceps in lateral view), 4 (penultimate sternite). - Terra typica: Bougainville (Type male: US nation. Mus., Washington). L i t e r a t u r e : SAKAI, 1 9 8 2 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 8 3 , 1 9 8 7 ,

1989.

Description: Male head, pronotum and abdomen reddish-yellow, antennae blackish; tegmina characteristic, yellowish-brown, broadly black along sutures; wings similar in colour to tegmina but black band diagonally, leaving most of the sutural margin yellowish-brown; femora yellow, distal half or so black, tibiaer blackish. Tegmina and wings coriaceous, impunctate and glabrous; shiny. Head transverse, tumid, posterior margin straight except at vertex, which is faintly concave. Eyes comparatively large, but shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint long and slender, longer than distance between antennal bases; second transverse, third and fifth joints two and half times as long as wide, fourth twice as long as wide. Pronotum almost quadrate, widened posteriorly, posterior margin convex. Tegmina and wings fully developed, very long. Legs relatively slender, with short pubescence and a few longer yellow hairs. Abdomen broadened medially, short; lateral glandular folds on third

58 tergite absent, those on fourth relatively large and blackish, conspicuous. Ultimate tergite broad, posterior margin trisinuate. Pygidium black, short, narrowed, distally, with two short projections on posterior margin. Penultimate sternite broadly rounded, slightly truncate at apex. Forceps (Fig. 93) a little depressed at base, with a short, dorsal, longitudinal ridge; inner margins with a few isolated teeth. Genitalia (Fig. 94) of Gressitolabis-type; virga within genital lobe long and strongly sclerotized, and associated with two basal virgal sacs. Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 8,5 mm. Distribution: Solomon Islands: Bougainville.

Gressitolabis gurney

After

BRINDLE.

1970 Adiathella BRINDLE, Pacific Insects, 1 2 (3): 688. - Species typica: Adiathella lingua 1970. Literature: SAKAI, 1971, 1982; STEINMANN, 1983, 1987, 1989.

BRINDLE,

BRINDLE.

After

BRINDLE.

Gressitolabis gurneyi

Genus 10: Adiathella

BRINDLE.

BRINDLE

Description: Rather large and robust species. Antennal joints elongated; pronotum relatively large, tegmina and wings short or normally developed, or rather long, impunctate and glabrous; legs long, tibiae sulcate at apex. Abdomen broad, tergites punctate. Male forceps with long branches, the branches almost straight or short, and strongly curved. Male genitalia of Chelisochoid-type. Distribution: Solomon, and Philippine Islands. 4 species. Identification key to the species 1

Pronotum longer than wide; male forceps (Fig. 95) robust, strongly depressed. Philippinean species 1. Adiathella philippinensis, p. 59

58 tergite absent, those on fourth relatively large and blackish, conspicuous. Ultimate tergite broad, posterior margin trisinuate. Pygidium black, short, narrowed, distally, with two short projections on posterior margin. Penultimate sternite broadly rounded, slightly truncate at apex. Forceps (Fig. 93) a little depressed at base, with a short, dorsal, longitudinal ridge; inner margins with a few isolated teeth. Genitalia (Fig. 94) of Gressitolabis-type; virga within genital lobe long and strongly sclerotized, and associated with two basal virgal sacs. Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 8,5 mm. Distribution: Solomon Islands: Bougainville.

Gressitolabis gurney

After

BRINDLE.

1970 Adiathella BRINDLE, Pacific Insects, 1 2 (3): 688. - Species typica: Adiathella lingua 1970. Literature: SAKAI, 1971, 1982; STEINMANN, 1983, 1987, 1989.

BRINDLE,

BRINDLE.

After

BRINDLE.

Gressitolabis gurneyi

Genus 10: Adiathella

BRINDLE.

BRINDLE

Description: Rather large and robust species. Antennal joints elongated; pronotum relatively large, tegmina and wings short or normally developed, or rather long, impunctate and glabrous; legs long, tibiae sulcate at apex. Abdomen broad, tergites punctate. Male forceps with long branches, the branches almost straight or short, and strongly curved. Male genitalia of Chelisochoid-type. Distribution: Solomon, and Philippine Islands. 4 species. Identification key to the species 1

Pronotum longer than wide; male forceps (Fig. 95) robust, strongly depressed. Philippinean species 1. Adiathella philippinensis, p. 59

59 1' Pronotum quadrate or transverse; male forceps elongate, slender. Solomon species 2 Pronotum quadrate, lateral margins straight, posterior margin only weakly convex; tegmina and wings short; elongated male pygidium bifid (Fig. 98) 2. Adiathella incisa, p. 2' Pronotum transverse, lateral margins curved, posterior margin strongly convex; elongated male pygidium without deep excision apically 3 Tegmina and wings blackish, unicolorous (Adiathetus sp. after BRINDLE from San Cristobal). 3' Tegmina and wings brown, the latter yellow at base 4 Male pygidium spatulate (Fig. 100); female forceps relatively short, about 3 mm 3. Adiathella lingua, p. 4' Male pygidium pointed distally (Fig. 101); female forceps relatively long, about 6 mm 4. Adiathella spinosa, p.

1.

Adiathella philippinensis

2 60 3 4 61 62

SRIVASTAVA

1976 Adiathella philippinensis SRIVASTAVA, Pacific Insects, 17(1): 126; fig. 58 (male in dorsal view), 59 (genitalia of holotype). 60 (female forceps). - Terra typica: Mindanao (Type male: Bishop Mus., Honolulu, type No. 10.228). Literature: SAKAI, 1982; STEINMANN, 1983, 1987, 1989.

Description: Male head and forceps brownish-orange; pronotum blackishbrown, in the centre brownish-orange; tegmina and wings dark blackish-brown, legs blackish with apical part of femora, tibiae and tarsi yellowish-brown; abdomen reddish, ultimate tergite black. Head triangular, tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures deeply marked; posterior margin emarginate in the middle. Eyes comparatively large, about as long as the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint almost equal to distance between antennal bases; second quadrate, third longer than fourth but equal to fifth. Pronotum longer than wide, sides straight, parallel, gently reflexed; posterior margin rounded; median longitudinal furrow faint. Tegmina twice as long as pronotum, smooth, glabrous, sides slightly convex in middle; posterior margin truncate. Wings fully developed. Abdomen elongate, convex, impunctate. Ultimate tergite transverse, smooth, with a median depression posteriorly and tumid above roots of forceps, a pair of compressed tubercles in middle of depression and several minute ones present on the tumid elevations. Pygidium short, gently narrowed posteriorly. Penultimate sternite transverse, broadly rounded posteriorly with slight emargination in the middle. Forceps (Fig. 95) stout, remote at base, tapering to gently hooked apices, trigonal at base, internally with several minute tubercles dorsally as well as ventrally up to the apical 'A where a small, sharp, conical tooth is present, afterwards unarmed. Genitalia (Fig. 96) large; central parameral plate broad apically, narrower basally, virga within genital lobe short; external parameres well developed, apices acuminate. - Female similar to male, but pygidium longer than wide and forceps (Fig. 97) with small tubercles all along the internal margins and with a sharp, triangular spine a little before middle. - Length of body with forceps: male: 16-17,5 mm, female: 17-18 mm. Distribution: Philippine Islands: Mindanao.

60

^

^f

M

Fig. 97 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Adiathella philippinensis

SRIVASTAVA. A f t e r

SRIVASTAVA. A f t e r

Fig. 96 Holotype genital armature of Adiathella philippinensis SRIVASTAVA. After SRIVASTAVA.

Fig. 95 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Adiathella philippinensis

SRIVASTAVA.

SRIVASTAVA.

2.

Adiathella incisa

BRINDLE

1970 Adiathella incisa BRINDLE, Pacific Insects, 12 (3): 690; fig. 59 (pronotum), 60 (male forceps). Terra typica: Guadalcanal (Type male: Brit. Mus. nat. Hist., London). L i t e r a t u r e : SAKAI, 1 9 7 1 , 1 9 8 2 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 8 2 ,

1987,1989.

Description: Male reddish-brown, head and pronotum blackish-brown, the latter yellow laterally; antennae brown, basal joints yellow; legs yellow. Head tumid, occiput, behind postfrontal sutures, slightly inflated; posterior margin rounded. Eyes moderately large, but a little shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint long, about as long as distance between antennal bases; second short, quadrate, the rest elongated. Pronotum quadrate, lateral margins straight, posterior margin only weakly convex; median longitudinal furrow very fine. Tegmina short, only a little longer than pronotum. Wings short, less than Vi as long as pronotum. Abdomen long, tergites strongly punctate, punctures deep. Ultimate tergite transverse, simple, smooth, posterior margin trisinuate. Pygidium long, narrowed distally, apex incised, bifid. Penultimate sternite broad, simple. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 98), long, elliptical in cross-section at base, cylindrical distally, inner margins with very small teeth or large tooth near base, and a second tooth near mid-point. Genitalia unknown. Female similar to male, but lighter in colour; abdominal tergites much less strongly punctate, punctures shallow and sparse; both branches of forceps (Fig. 99) trigonal at base, cylindrical distally, almost straight, apex incurved,

61

Adiathella incisa

BRINDLE.

After

BRINDLE.

of Adiathella incisa

BRINDLE.

After

BRINDLE.

inner margins finely dentated at base. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 16-17,5 mm. Distribution: Solomon Islands: Guadalcanal. 3.

Adiathella lingua

BRINDLE

1970 Adiathella lingua BRINDLE, Pacific Insects, 1 2 (3): 689; fig. 57 (male in dorsal view). - Terra typica: Guadalcanal (Type male: Bishop. Mus., Honolulu). L i t e r a t u r e : SAKAI, 1 9 7 1 , 1 9 8 2 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 8 3 , 1 9 8 7 , 1 9 8 9 .

Description: Male reddish-brown, head reddish, antennae brown, but basal joints yellow; pronotum blackish-brown medially, with wide yellow lateral margins; legs yellowish-brown, wings yellow at base. Head tumid, lateral margins curved, posterior margin weakly concave; two short elliptical longitudinal impressions occur between antennal bases. Eyes comparatively large, but shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint as long as distance between antennal bases (remaining joints missing). Pronotum transverse, lateral margins curving smoothly into convex posterior margin, almost distal half reflexed over base of tegmina. Tegmina very long, posterior margin convex; wings well developed. Legs long, femora not strongly broadened, tibia shorter than femora. Abdomen long, tergites punctate, punctures shallow and separated by slightly more than their own diameter; glandular fold on tergite 4 prominent. Tergites 5 - 7 each with a transverse row of small tubercles near posterior margin. Ultimate tergite broad, smooth, but with numerous small tubercles irregularly arranged transversely near posterior margin. Pygidium

62 characteristic, spatulate, as in Fig. 100. Penultimate sternite transverse, posterior margin concave medially. Forceps (Fig. 100) trigonal basally, cylindrical distally, inner ventral edge of basal part with very small irregular teeth. Genitalia unknown to me. Notes by BRINDLE (in original description): "Genitalia similar to Tauropygia tridentata BRINDLE, 1970, but parameres not widened, more or less parallel-sided, with apices strongly narrowed." - Female similar to male, but pronotum slightly widened posteriorly, abdominal tergites 5 - 7 without tubercles near posterior margin. Both branches of forceps widened at base, narrowed distally, almost straight except at apices, inner margins dentated on basal half; pygidum small, rounded. - Length of body with forceps: male: 19 mm, female: 14 mm. Distribution: Solomon Islands: Guadalcanal.

Fig. 100 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Adiathella lingua BRINDLE. After BRINDLE.

4.

Adiathella spinosa BRINDLE

1970 Adiathella spinosa BRINDLE, Pacific Insects, 12 (3): 690; fig. 58 (pronotum), 61 (male forceps), 62 (female forceps). - Terra typica: Solomon Islands, New Georgia Group (Type male: Bishop Mus., Honolulu). L i t e r a t u r e : SAKAI, 1 9 7 1 , 1982; STEINMANN, 1 9 8 3 , 1 9 8 7 , 1989.

Description: Male general colour reddis-brown, antennae brown, antennae brown, basal joints yellow; lateral margins of pronotum and base of wings yellow; legs yellowish, femora darkened; pygidium and forceps reddish-yellow. Head tumid, smooth; postfrontal and coronal sutures finely visible. Eyes moderately large, but a little shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint long, about as long as distance between antennal bases, second quadrate, the rest longer, and all joints pubescent, hairs short and brown. Pronotum transverse, lateral margins convex, all angles and posterior margin

63 broadly rounded. Tegmina and wings fully developed. Abdomen long, tergites mainly deeply punctate, punctures separated by width of their diameter; posterior margins of tergites 5 - 8 with short longitudinal ridges on posterior margin. Ultimate tergite smooth, with several small tubercles irregularly arranged near posterior margin medially. Pygidium long and spine-like. Penultimate sternite simple. Forceps (Fig. 101) elliptical in cross-section at base, cylindrical distally, very long. Genitalia unknown to me. - Female very similar to male, but ultimate tergite with only indications of tubercles near posterior margin. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 102) very long, about 6 mm, trigonal basally, cylindrical distally, inner margins dentated for basal half; pygidium rounded. - Length of body with forceps: male: 26-27 mm, female: 17-18 mm. Distribution: Solomon Islands, New Georgia Group. -A

Fig. 101 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Adiathella spinosa BRINDLE. After BRINDLE.

Fig. 102 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Adiathella spinosa BRINDLE. After BRINDLE.

Genus 11: Exypnus

BURR

1907 Exypnus BURR, Trans, ent. Soc., London, 1907:128. - Species typica:

Chelisochespulchripennis

BORMANS, 1 8 8 3 .

Literature:

BURR,

1910,

1 9 1 1 ; KAPOOR,

1 9 6 7 ; POPHAM &

BRINDLE,

1 9 6 8 ; SAKAI,

1971,

1982;

STEINMANN, 1 9 7 5 , 1 9 8 3 , 1 9 8 7 , 1 9 8 9 ; TOWNES, 1 9 4 5 .

Description: Head tumid, broad, finely depressed; postfrontal and coronal sutures distinct; posterior margin more or less sinuate in the middle. Pronotum normally developed, as wide as the head, but not dilated posteriorly, parallel or

63 broadly rounded. Tegmina and wings fully developed. Abdomen long, tergites mainly deeply punctate, punctures separated by width of their diameter; posterior margins of tergites 5 - 8 with short longitudinal ridges on posterior margin. Ultimate tergite smooth, with several small tubercles irregularly arranged near posterior margin medially. Pygidium long and spine-like. Penultimate sternite simple. Forceps (Fig. 101) elliptical in cross-section at base, cylindrical distally, very long. Genitalia unknown to me. - Female very similar to male, but ultimate tergite with only indications of tubercles near posterior margin. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 102) very long, about 6 mm, trigonal basally, cylindrical distally, inner margins dentated for basal half; pygidium rounded. - Length of body with forceps: male: 26-27 mm, female: 17-18 mm. Distribution: Solomon Islands, New Georgia Group. -A

Fig. 101 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Adiathella spinosa BRINDLE. After BRINDLE.

Fig. 102 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Adiathella spinosa BRINDLE. After BRINDLE.

Genus 11: Exypnus

BURR

1907 Exypnus BURR, Trans, ent. Soc., London, 1907:128. - Species typica:

Chelisochespulchripennis

BORMANS, 1 8 8 3 .

Literature:

BURR,

1910,

1 9 1 1 ; KAPOOR,

1 9 6 7 ; POPHAM &

BRINDLE,

1 9 6 8 ; SAKAI,

1971,

1982;

STEINMANN, 1 9 7 5 , 1 9 8 3 , 1 9 8 7 , 1 9 8 9 ; TOWNES, 1 9 4 5 .

Description: Head tumid, broad, finely depressed; postfrontal and coronal sutures distinct; posterior margin more or less sinuate in the middle. Pronotum normally developed, as wide as the head, but not dilated posteriorly, parallel or

64 widened posteriorly. Tegmina broad, rather rounded, with or without brilliant purple sheen. Forceps various in both sexes. Distribution: Oriental and Indo-Australian regions. 3 species. Identification key to the species Lateral margins of pronotum widened posteriorly; male forceps with single tooth basally on inner margin (Fig. 103); external parameres of male genitalia excised apically (Fig. 104); inner margins of female forceps with small tubercles or teeth (Fig. 105) 1. Exypnus chinensis, p. 64 Y Lateral margins of pronotum more or less parallel; male forceps with weakly bilobate projection basally on inner margin (Fig. 106) or with two pairs of teeth medially (Fig. 109) 2 2 Antennae 20-jointed; tegmina black with a brilliant purple sheen; male forceps depressed, with a strong depressed and bifid tooth basally (Fig. 106); external parameres of male genitalia comparatively narrow in width, as in Fig. 107 2. Exypnus pulchripennis, p. 65 2' Antennae 18-jointed; tegmina without a brilliant purple sheen; male forceps wrinkled, strongly depressed, with two pairs of prominent teeth medially (Fig. 109); external parameres strongly widened medially (Fig. 110) 3. Exypnus koorgensis, p. 66 1

1. Exypnus chinensis STEINMANN 1974 Exypnus chinensis STEINMANN, Folia ent. hung., 27:195; fig. 21 (head, pronotum, and tegmina), 22 (male forceps), 23 (female forceps), 24 (genitalia of holotype). - Terra typica: China: Fujian (Type male, gen.prep. No. 439, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN: Zool. Forschinst., Mus., Bonn). L i t e r a t u r e : SAKAI, 1 9 8 2 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 8 3 , 1 9 8 7 , 1 9 8 9 .

Description: Male dark brown to blackish. Head black, scape shiny black, wings with a wide yellow stripe along longitudinal axis. Anterior legs blackish brown, middle and posterior legs yellowish brown. Head broad, a little depressed; posterior margin rounded, with a fine median emargination. Eyes comparatively small, essentially shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae 17-jointed; first joint short, considerably shorter than distance between antennal bases; second transverse, third longer than fourth, but not as long as combined length of joints 4 and 5. Pronotum longer than wide, lateral margins strongly widened posteriorly; straight, posterior margin convex. Tegmina and wings fully developed; tegmina strongly convex medially and laterally; posterior margins truncate. Abdomen normal, smooth or finely punctate. Ultimate tergite transverse, pygidium broad, posterior margin as in Fig. 103. Penultimate sternite broadly rounded posteriorly. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 103) strong, with large teeth on inner margins at pygidium and at middle. Genitalia (Fig. 104) specific; central parameral plate well developed, virga within genital lobe normal developed with characteristic sclerotized sacs basally; external parameres arching into an oval, apically aciculately elongate. Female as male, but forceps (Fig. 105) narrower yet longer, almost straight, inner margins with minute teeth or tubercles. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 21-23 mm. Distribution: China: Fujian.

65

\ Fig. 103 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Exypnus chinensis STEINMANN. After

/

Fig. 104 Holotype genital armature of Exypnus chinensis STEINMANN. After STEINMANN.

Fig. 105 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Exypnus chinensis STEINMANN. Original.

STEINMANN.

2.

Exypnus pulchripennis

(BORMANS)

1883 Chelisochespulchripennis BORMANS, Annls Soc. ent. Belg., 27: 78; pi. 3, fig. 15 (male in dorsal view). - Terra typica: Sumatra (Type male: Mus. civ. Stor. nat., Genova). 1902 Chelisochella pulchripennis - VERHOEFF, Zool. Anz., Leipzig, 25 (665): 196. 1904 Chelisoches pulchripennis - Kirby, Syn. Cat., Orth., 1: 33. 1907 Exypnus pulchripennis - Burr. Trans, ent. Soc., London, 1907: 128. 1911 Exypnus pulchripennis - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 63; pi. 5, fig. 17 (tegmen), 17a (hind leg), 17b (tarsus) (Birma, Borneo, New Guinea). 1974 Exypnus pulchripennis - STEINMANN, Folia ent. hung., Budapest, 27: 196; fig. 25 (male genitalia). Literature: BORELLI, 1 9 2 6 ; BRINDLE, 1 9 6 5 ; BURR, 1 9 1 0 ; BORMANS & KRAUSS, 1 9 0 0 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 1 , 1 9 8 2 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 8 3 , 1987. 1 9 8 9 .

Description: Male brownish-black, with a purple sheen; antennae brown, tegmina black, wings purplish-blue with an orange apical spot, abdomen reddish-black. Head broad, rounded posteriorly; frons tumid, occiput rather depressed. Eyes typical, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae about 20-jointed; first joint shorter than distance between antennal bases; second quadrate, third slender, cylindrical. Pronotum as wide as long, lateral margins more or less parallel, rounded posteriorly; prozona tumid with a median longitudinal furrow and two impressions; metazona depressed. Tegmina and wings fully developed. Legs long and slender, rather compressed, black, tarsi paler. Abdomen parallel-sided, ultimate tergite transverse, rectangular, ample, slightly depressed near posterior margin, with a transverse, crested, crenulate tubercles on each side over the root of the forceps. Pygidium short, broad, rounded or hidden. Penultimate sternite broadly rounded posteriorly. Forceps

66 (Fig. 106) strongly depressed basally, elliptical medially, and cylindrical apically; inner margin with a blunt, depressed and bifid tooth near pygidium; and a crenulated section medially. Genitalia (Fig. 107, gen. prep. No. 496, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) specific; central parameral plate comparatively narrow and long, virga within genital lobe long, external parameres moderately narrow, strongly curved medially. - Female similar to male, but forceps (Fig. 108) strongly trigonal in cross-section, dorsal and ventral ridges sharp, inner ventral edge with characteristic teeth, as in fig. 108. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 20-24 mm. Distribution: Burma, Vietnam, Sumatra, Borneo, and New Guinea.

Fig. 106 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Exypnus pulchripennis (BORMANS). Original.

Fig. 107 Male genital armature of Exypnus pulchripennis

(BORMANS).

Original.

3.

Exypnus koorgensis

Fig. 108 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Exypnus pulchripennis (BORMANS). Original.

HEBARD

1923 Exypnus koorgensis HEBARD, Mem. Dept. Agr. India, 7: 218; pi. 20, fig. 14 (male forceps), 15 (female forceps). - Terra typica: India (type male: U.S. nation. Mus., Washington, type No. 7 7 3 ) .

Literature:

BORELLI, 1932; SAKAI, 1 9 7 1 , 1982; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 8 3 , 1 9 8 7 , 1 9 8 9 .

Description: Male general colour black, but posterior part of head, lateral and posterior margin of pronotum, tegmina and wings dark reddish-brown, tarsi yellowish-brown; shiny. Head depressed, broad, posterior margin sinuate in the middle. Eyes small, essentionally shorter than the length of head behind eyes.

67 Antennae 18-jointed; first joint long, but a little shorter than distance between antennal bases; second transverse, third a little longer than fourth. Pronotum finely longer than wide, lateral margin more or less parallel, sometimes a little convex; posterior margin rounded; median longitudinal furrow present at prozona. Tegmina and wings fully developed, tegmina convex posteriorly. Abdomen parallel-sided. Ultimate tergite broad, with two smaller median, and two larger medio-lateral tubercles near posterior margin; the plate with two blunt, broad projections near pygidium at posterior margin. Pygidium broad, depressed, posterior margin with smaller tubercles. Penultimate sternite simple, broadly rounded posteriorly. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 109) characteristic, rugose dorsally; depressed; inner margins with two pairs prominent teeth medially; branches strongly curved apically. Genitalia (Fig. 110, gen. prep. No. 13, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN from New Guinea) specific; central parameral plate oval, strongly narrowed basally and apically; virga within genital lobe long, of Chelisochid-type basally; external parameres characteristic, large, expanded medially with acuminate apex. - Female very similar to male, but forceps tapering, a little trigonal in cross-section, contiguous. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 14-17 mm. Distribution: India, Malaysia, and New Guinea.

Fig. 109 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Exypnus koorgensis HEBARD. Original.

Fig. 110 Male genital armature of Exypnus koorgensis HEBARD. Original.

68 Genus 12: Schizochelisoches

STEINMANN

1987 Schizochelisoches STEINMANN, Annls hist.-nat. Mus. natn. hung., 79: 117. - Species typica: Chelisoches formosanus B U R R , 1 9 1 2 .

Description: Head tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures fairly distinct. Pronotum as wide as head, truncate anteriorly; posterior margin rounded posteriorly. Tegmina and wings well or fully developed. Legs rather short, femora not very stout; tibiae flattened, furrowed in the apical half above; tarsi very short, pubescent, rather broad. Abdomen more or less parallel-sided, lateral glandular folds distinct on tergite 3 - 4 . Male forceps various, inner margins armed with large tooth or teeth. Male genitalia characteristic; apical part of paired external parameres deeply cleft, thus forming two big, sharply divided and equal or unequal lobes. Apical cleavage dividing external parameres into two, inner and outer, obtuse or pointed tusk-like teeth, of which inner one ending usually in sharply elongated tip. Distribution: Oriental region, and Bismarck Archipelago. 3 species. Identification key to the species Pronotum quadrate; external parameres of male genitalia very long, specific, as in Fig. 112. Taiwan species 1. Schizochelisoches formosanus, p. 68 1' Pronotum longer than wide; external parameres of male genitalia normally developed, not elongate 2 2 Tegmina and wings with blue-greenish metallic sheen; male pygidium transverse, posterolateral angles not rounded, various, with more or less sharp tubercles (Fig. 113). Oriental species 2. Schizochelisoches brevipennis, p. 69 2' Tegmina and wings without metallic sheen; male pygidium with rounded postero-lateral angles (Fig. 116). Bismarck species 3. Schizochelisoches diodontus, p. 71 1

1. Schizochelisoches formosanus ( B U R R ) 1912 Chelisoches formosanus BURR, Annln. naturhist. Hofmus., Wien, 26: 339. - Terra typica: Formosa (Type male, gen.prep. No. 973, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN: M U S . Naturkunde, Berlin). 1932 Chelisoches formosanus - SHIRAKI, Nippon Kontyu Zuhan: 2031; fig. 3990 (male in dorsal view). 1987 Schizochelisoches formosanus - STEINMANN, Annls hist.-nat. Mus. natn. hung., 79: 117. Literature: BURR,

1914,

1 9 2 2 ; POPHAM &

BRINDLE,

1968;

SAKAI,

1971,

1982;

SHIRAKI,

1928;

SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 8 3 , 1 9 8 9 .

Description: Male head, pronotum, wings, anterior abdominal tergites blackish; legs dark brown, abdomen reddish-brown posteriorly, forceps red; tegmina yellowish-red. Head large, depressed near sutures, posterior margin sinuate in the middle; eyes very small, slightly shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint long, about as long as distance between antennal bases; second quadrate, third long, longer than fourth. Pronotum more or less quadrate, sometimes a little longer than wide, tumid, deplanate posteriorly. Tegmina one and half times longer than pronotum, posterior margin obliquely

69 concave. Wings well or fully developed. Abdomen parallel-sided, lateral glandular folds on tergite 3 - 4 present. Ultimate tergite smooth medially, punctate laterally and posteriorly; posterior margin trisinuate. Pygidium small, rounded, apex with a small excision medially. Penultimate sternite rounded posteriorly. Both branches of forceps (Fig. I l l ) various, generally trigonal in cross-section, dorsal edges sharp, inner ventral edges with two or three pairs of smaller or larger teeth. Genitalia (Fig. 112) characteristic; central parameral plate comparatively short, narrow; virga within genital lobe moderately short, external parameres specific, very long and narrow, apex of paramere with narrow inner, and broader outer lobe. - Female unknown to me. Similar to male, but forceps contiguous, tapering, simple. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 15-17 mm. Distribution: Taiwan.

Fig. I l l Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Schizochelisoches formosanus (BURR). Original.

Fig. 112 Male genital armature of Schizochelisoches formosanus (BURR). Original.

2. Schizochelisoches brevipennis

(BORELLI)

1923 Chelisoches brevipennis BORELLI, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. Univ., Torino, 38: 12. - Terra typica: Palawan (Type male, gen.prep. No. 739, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN: MUS. Inst. Zool. sist. Univ., Torino). 1929 Chelisoches bimmamatus HEBARD, Trans. Am. ent. Soc., 55: 339; pi. 12, fig. 1 (male in dorsal view), 2 (female forceps). - Terra typica: Selangor (Malaysia) (Type male: Brit. Mus. nat. Hist., London). 1932 Chelisoches bimmamatus - BORELLI, Bull. Raffles Mus., Singapore, 7: 91 [proposed synonymy w i t h brevipennis

(BORELLI, 1923)].

70 1978 Chelisoches brevipennis - SRIVASTAVA, EOS, Madrid, 52: 290; fig. 52 (male ultimate tergite with forceps). 53 (penultimate sternite), 54 (male genitalia) (Mindanao). 1987 Schizochelisoches brevipennis - STEINMANN, Annls hist.-nat. Mus. natn. hung., 79: 117. Literature: POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 1 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1976: STEINMANN, 1 9 8 3 , 1 9 8 9 .

Description: Male general colour shiny black; head, pronotum, and tegmina with metallic bluish sheen, wing (sometimes with tegmina only) blue-greenish. Head cordiform, a little depressed near sutures; posterior margin emarginate in the middle. Eyes typical, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint more or less as long as distance between antennal bases; second transverse, third and remaining joints elongated, cylindrical. Pronotum longer than wide; lateral margins straight and parallel or a little convex; prozona tumid, median longitudinal furrow present, metazona deplanate; posterior margin rounded. Tegmina and wings well or fully developed. Abdomen a little depressed, parallel-sided. Ultimate tergite smooth, transverse, with two or three small tubercles near posterior margin; posterior margin trisinuate. Pygidium strongly declivent, and feebly projecting, apex with four small tubercles. Penultimate sternite broadly rounded posteriorly. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 113) strongly depressed, inner margins with two pairs of large teeth at median section. Genitalia (Fig. 114) specific; central parameral plate narrow basally, oval apically; virga within genital lobe comparatively short; external parameres undulate, inner lobe directed forwards. - Female very similar to male, but forceps

Fig. 113 Holotype ultimate tergite with forceps of Schizochelisoches

Fig. 114 Holotype genital armature of Schizochelisoches

Fig. 115 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Schizochelisoches

brevipennis

brevipennis

brevipennis

Original.

(BORELLI).

Original.

(BORELLI).

Original.

(BORELLI).

71 (Fig. 115) simple, straight, tapering. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 16-20 mm. Distribution: Philippine Islands, Malaysia, and Indonesia: Sumatra. 3.

Schizochelisoches diodontus

(RAMAMURTHI)

1967 Chelisoches diodontus RAMAMURTHI, Ent. Meddr., 35: 251; fig. 32 (male ultimate tergite with forceps). - Terra typica: Lavongai (Type male: Zool. Mus. Univ. K0benhavn). 1987 Schizochelisoches diodontus - STEINMANN, Annls hist.-nat. Mus. natn. hung., 79:117. L i t e r a t u r e : SAKAI, 1 9 7 1 , 1 9 8 2 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 8 3 , 1 9 8 9 .

Description: Male black, limbs golden-yellow. Head comparatively large, with inflated frons and occipital regions. Eyes typical, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint moderately long, about as long as distance between antennal bases, sometimes shorter; second quadrate, third longer than fourth. Pronotum longer than wide, not wider than head anteriorly, slightly expanded posteriorly; posterior margin rounded, cephalic angles sharp, anterior margin convex, sides truncate; median longitudinal furrow present, but short. Tegmina and wings well developed. Abdomen smooth, parallel-sided, cylindrical. Ultimate tergite transverse, tumid above base of forceps, a little trisinuate posteriorly. Pygidium short but distinct, strongly emarginate, appearing bilobed seen from above. Penultimate sternite broadly rounded posteriorly. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 116) depressed, broad at base, inner margins with two strong peg-like teeth half way from base. Genitalia (Fig. 117) narrow; central

Fig. 116 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Schizochelisoches diodontus (RAMAMURTHI).

Fig. 117 Holotype genital armature of Schizochelisoches diodontus (RAMAMURTHI).

A f t e r RAMAMURTHI.

A f t e r RAMAMURTHI.

72 parameral plate elongate, virga within genital lobe long, external parameres of Schizochelisoches-type, with inner and outer lobes apically. - Female unknown. Length of body with forceps: 13 mm. Distribution: Bismarck Islands: Lavongai. Genus 13: Chelisoches

SCUDDER

1839 Lobophora SERVILLE, Hist. nat. Ins., Orth., Paris: 32. - Species typica: Lobophora rufitarsis SERVILLE, 1839.

1876 Chelisoches SCUDDER, Proc. Boston Soc. nat. Hist., 18: 252. - Species typica: Forficula morio FABRICIUS, 1775 (new name for Lobophora SERVILLE, 1839, a junior primary homonymy of Lobophora CURTIS, 1828, Lepidoptera). 1907 Enkrates BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. London, 1907: 131. - Species typica: Forficula flavipennis FABRICIUS, 1793.

1911 Kleiduchus BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 64. - Species typica: Forficesila australicus Le GUILLON, 1841. Literature: BEY-BIENKO, 1936; BEIER, 1959; BRINDLE, 1970, 1972, 1973; BURR, 1910, 1911; GILES, 1970; HINCKS, 1957; KIRBY, 1904; BORMANS & KRAUSS, 1900; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1968; REHN, 1924; SAKAI, 1 9 7 1 , 1 9 8 2 ; SHIRAKI, 1928; SRIVASTAVA, 1976; STEINMANN, 1 9 7 5 , 1 9 8 3 , 1 9 8 7 , 1 9 8 9 ; TOWNES, 1945; ZIMMERMANN, 1948.

Description: Size medium. Head tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures fairly distinct. Antennae 15-20-jointed. Pronotum various, longer than wide, quadrate, or transverse; truncate anteriorly, the sides diverging as it widens posteriorly. Tegmina ample, smooth, wings well or fully developed. Legs rather short, femora not very stout; tribiae flattened, furrowed in the apical half above; tarsi very short, pubescent. Abdomen more or less parallel-sided, ultimate tergite generally punctate. Male forceps various, generally armed with tooth or teeth on inner margins. Male genitalia with external parameres normal, not cleft on apical part, original outer lobe forming a uniform and distinct tooth, its tip frequently elongated, original inner lobe strongly and generally unrecognizably reduced, forming only the extremely variable dentation or tooth on inner margin of uniform plate. Distribution: Old World. 13 species (and 1 species in doubtful position).

Identification key to the species 1 1' 2 2' 3 3' 4

Malagasy or African species 2 Oriental or Indo-Australian species 6 Malagasy species 3 African species (Ethiopian region) 5 Entirely black, without yellow bands along the tegmina 1. Chelisoches morio, p. 74 Black with yellow bands along the tegmina 4 Pronotum quadrate; abdominal punctation less strong; male pygidium transverse but apex produced slightly medially; both branches of male forceps (Fig. 122) broad, and with strong inner tooth at or less than half-way from base 2. Chelisoches malgachus, p. 76

72 parameral plate elongate, virga within genital lobe long, external parameres of Schizochelisoches-type, with inner and outer lobes apically. - Female unknown. Length of body with forceps: 13 mm. Distribution: Bismarck Islands: Lavongai. Genus 13: Chelisoches

SCUDDER

1839 Lobophora SERVILLE, Hist. nat. Ins., Orth., Paris: 32. - Species typica: Lobophora rufitarsis SERVILLE, 1839.

1876 Chelisoches SCUDDER, Proc. Boston Soc. nat. Hist., 18: 252. - Species typica: Forficula morio FABRICIUS, 1775 (new name for Lobophora SERVILLE, 1839, a junior primary homonymy of Lobophora CURTIS, 1828, Lepidoptera). 1907 Enkrates BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. London, 1907: 131. - Species typica: Forficula flavipennis FABRICIUS, 1793.

1911 Kleiduchus BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 64. - Species typica: Forficesila australicus Le GUILLON, 1841. Literature: BEY-BIENKO, 1936; BEIER, 1959; BRINDLE, 1970, 1972, 1973; BURR, 1910, 1911; GILES, 1970; HINCKS, 1957; KIRBY, 1904; BORMANS & KRAUSS, 1900; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1968; REHN, 1924; SAKAI, 1 9 7 1 , 1 9 8 2 ; SHIRAKI, 1928; SRIVASTAVA, 1976; STEINMANN, 1 9 7 5 , 1 9 8 3 , 1 9 8 7 , 1 9 8 9 ; TOWNES, 1945; ZIMMERMANN, 1948.

Description: Size medium. Head tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures fairly distinct. Antennae 15-20-jointed. Pronotum various, longer than wide, quadrate, or transverse; truncate anteriorly, the sides diverging as it widens posteriorly. Tegmina ample, smooth, wings well or fully developed. Legs rather short, femora not very stout; tribiae flattened, furrowed in the apical half above; tarsi very short, pubescent. Abdomen more or less parallel-sided, ultimate tergite generally punctate. Male forceps various, generally armed with tooth or teeth on inner margins. Male genitalia with external parameres normal, not cleft on apical part, original outer lobe forming a uniform and distinct tooth, its tip frequently elongated, original inner lobe strongly and generally unrecognizably reduced, forming only the extremely variable dentation or tooth on inner margin of uniform plate. Distribution: Old World. 13 species (and 1 species in doubtful position).

Identification key to the species 1 1' 2 2' 3 3' 4

Malagasy or African species 2 Oriental or Indo-Australian species 6 Malagasy species 3 African species (Ethiopian region) 5 Entirely black, without yellow bands along the tegmina 1. Chelisoches morio, p. 74 Black with yellow bands along the tegmina 4 Pronotum quadrate; abdominal punctation less strong; male pygidium transverse but apex produced slightly medially; both branches of male forceps (Fig. 122) broad, and with strong inner tooth at or less than half-way from base 2. Chelisoches malgachus, p. 76

73 4' Pronotum slightly transverse; abdominal punctation stronger; male pygidium transverse and emarginate at apex; both branches of male forceps (Fig. 123) with Forficula-type inner lamellation at about two-thirds of the length from the base . . . 3. Chelisoches chopardi, p. 5 Tegmina black; male pygidium simple, without apical projections laterally (Figs 118-119); almost entirely black species, legs mainly black 1. Chelisoches mono, p. 5' Tegmina yellowish-brown to light brown; male pygidium with specific projections laterally (Fig. 125); dark coloured species variegated with a reddish head, pronotum whitish posteriorly, and with yellow legs 4. Chelisoches Jlavipennis, p. 6 Oriental species 6' Indo-Australian species 7 Male forceps very short, robust, shorter than 3 mm (Fig. 128); posterior part of ultimate tergite of the male depressed but without medial tubercles; sclerotized sacs of male virga comparatively large and broad (Fig. 129) 5. Chelisoches persimilis, p. 7' Male forceps longer except the cyclolabic form of morio, but longer than 5 mm; posterior part of ultimate tergite of the male with medial tubercles; sclerotized sacs of male virga comparatively narrow 8 Pronotum black; male forceps various, generally depressed basally, elliptical medially, and cylindrical apically, or strongly depressed at basal half, but inner margins without large denticles (Fig. 119); outer margins of external parameres of the male genitalia convex (Fig. 120) 1. Chelisoches morio, p. 8' Pronotum testaceous; male forceps depressed basally and medially, inner margin with two large denticles (Fig. 130); outer margin of external parameres of the male genitalia undulate (Fig. 131) 6. Chelisoches semirufus, p. 9 Australian species 9' Indo-Australian, but not continental species 10 Tegmina yellow; basal part of male forceps strongly depressed, and with a shorter or longer lamellation along inner margin (Fig. 133); male genitalia as in fig. 134 7. Chelisoches australicus, p. 10'Tegmina black; basal part of male forceps elliptical or trigonal in cross-section 11 Male forceps with sharp dorsal edge (Fig. 136); posterior margin of male pygidum rounded medially 8. Chelisoches ater, p. 11' Male forceps more or less elliptical or cylindrical, without sharp dorsal edge 12 Male forceps more or less traight, with prominent denticle medially (Fig. 137); male pygidium quadrate, posterior margin finely convex; female pygidium rounded in dorsal view (Fig. 138) 9. Chelisoches kimberleyensis, p. 12' Male forceps strongly curved, with two or three pairs of smaller or larger teeth (Fig. 139); male pygidium transverse, posterior margin emarginate; female pygidium of Doru-type, very long, spine-like (Fig. 141) 10. Chelisoches handschini, p. 13 Tegmina and wings with bluish metallic sheen; male forceps with basal inner tooth, which is strongly curved and directed backwards (Fig. 142) 11. Chelisoches calopteryx, p. 13' Tegmina and wings with or without metallic sheen, but male forceps without curved tooth near pygidium 14 Depressed part of male forceps with a large denticle dorsally (Fig. 145); male genitalia comparatively large, apices of external parameres extended (Fig. 146) 12. Chelisoches annulatus, p. 14' Depressed part of male forceps without dorsal denticle; apices of external parameres not extended 15 Head, pronotum and tegmina metallic bluish-green, shoulder, sutures and wings violet; male forceps and genitalia as in Figs 148-149 13. Chelisoches cheesmanae, p. 15' Black generally, but sometimes tegmina and wings metallic bluish or green, or sometimes the whole insect is almost uniformly reddish-brown; male forceps and genitalia as in Figs 118 - 1 2 0 1. Chelisoches morio, p.

77 74

78 7 9 80 8

74

81 10 13

82 11 83 12 84 86 87 14 88 15 89 74

74 1.

Chelisoches morio

(FABRICIUS)

1775 Forficula morio FABRICIUS, Syst. Ent., 2: 270. - Terra typica: Tahiti (Type male: Brit. Mus. nat. Hist., London). 1839 Lobophora rufitaris SERVILLE, Hist. nat. Ins., Orth., Paris: 33.-Terra typica: Java (Type female: unknown locality). 1842 Forficula albomarginate DE HAAN, Verh. nat. Gesch. Nederl. Bezitt. Orth.: 241. - Terra typica: Sumatra. - Type unknown. 1853 Forficula tasmanica BLANCHARD, Voy. Pole Sud., 4: 350; pi. 1, fig. 2 (male in dorsal view). Terra typica: Tasmania (Type male: unknown locality). 1860 Lobophora nigronitens STÄL, Eugeneies Resa Ins.: 305. - Terra typica and type unknown. 1860 Lobophora cincticornis STÄL, Eugenies Resa Ins.: 305. - Terra typica and type unknown. 1860 Lobophora tartarea STÄL, Eugenies Resa Ins.: 305. - Terra typica and type unknown. 1865 Lobophora morio - DOHRN, Stettiner ent. Ztg., 26: 70. 1876 Chelisoches comprimens SCUDDER, Proc. Boston Soc. nat. Hist., 18: 252. - Terra typica: "Africa" (Type female: US nation. Mus., Washington). 1888 Labidura nigricornis KIRBY, Proc. zool. Soc., London, 1888: 564. - Terra typica: unknown (Type male: Brit. Mus. Nat. Hist., London). 1888 Chelisoches morio - BORMANS, Annali Mus. civ. Stor. nat., Genova, (2) 6: 440. 1900 Lobophora rufitarsis - BORMANS & KRAUSS, Das Tierreich, Berlin, 11: 85 [as synonym of morio (FABRICIUS, 1775)].

1900 Forficula tasmanica - BORMANS & KRAUSS, Das Tierreich, Berlin, 11: 85 [as synonym of morio (FABRICIUS, 1775)].

1900 Lobophora nigronitens - BORMANS & KRAUSS, Das Tierreich, Berlin, 11: 85 [as synonym of morio

(FABRICIUS, 1775)].

1900 Lobophora tartarea - BORMANS & KRAUSS, Das Tierreich, Berlin, 11: 85 [as synonym of morio (FABRICUS, 1775)].

1900 Chelisoches comprimens - BORMANS & KRAUSS, Das Tierreich, Berlin, 11: 85 [as synonym of morio

(FABRICIUS, 1775)].

1900 Sphingolabis insularis KIRBY, Dist. Ins. Transvaal: 13; pi. 1, fig. 3 (male in dorsal view). - Terra typica: Transvaal (Type male: unknown locality). 1904 Chelisoches cincticornis - KIRBY, Syn. Cat. Orth., 1: 33. 1904 Chelisoches albomarginatus - KIRBY, Syn. Cat. Orth., 1: 34. 1904 Chelisoches nigricornis - KIRBY, Syn. Cat. Orth., 1: 34. 1904 Chelisoches tasmanicus - KIRBY, Syn. Cat. Orth., 1: 35. 1906 Chelisoches stratioticus REHN, Proc. US natn. Mus., Washington, 29: 509. - Terra typica: Burma (Type male: US Nation. Mus., Washington). 1908 Chelisoches lilyanus HOLDHAUS, Denkschr. math. Naturw. Akad. Wiss., Wien, 84: 16. - Terra typica: Samoa (Type female: Naturhist. Mus., Wien). 1911 Forficula albomarginate - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 65 [as synonym of morio (FABRICIUS, 1775)].

1911 Forficula tasmanica - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 65 [as synonym of morio (FABRICIUS, 1775)].

1911 Labidura nigricornis - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 65 [as synonym of morio (FABRICIUS, 1775)].

1911 Chelisoches stratioticus - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 65 [as synonym of morio (FABRICIUS, 1775)].

1913 Chelisoches tigris BURR, Ree. Indian Mus., Calcutta, 8 (2): 143. - Terra typica: India (Type male: Brit. Mus. Nat. Hist., London). 1957 Sphingolabis insularis - HINCKS, South African Animal Life, 4: 82 [proposed synonymy with morio (FABRICIUS, 1775)]. 1967 Chelisoches imitator RAMAMURTHI, Ent. Meddr., 35: 250. - Terra typica: Bismarck Islands: Lavongai (Type male: Zool. Mus. Univ., Kabenhavn). 1967 Chelisoches tigris - KAPOOR, Agra Univ. J. Res. (Sei.). 16 (1): 24 [proposed synonymy with morio (FABRICIUS) 1775)].

75 1976 Lobophora cincticornis - SRIVASTAVA, Misc. Publ. Occ., (Calcutta), 2: 51 [as synonym of morio (FABRICIUS, 1775)].

1989 Chelisoches lilyanus - STEINMANN, World Catalogue of Dermaptera, Akademiai Kiadö, Budapest, p. 614 [proposed synonymy with morio (FABRICIUS, 1775)]. 1989 Chelisoches imitator - STEINMANN, World Catalogue of Dermaptera, Akademiai Kiadö, Budapest, p. 614 [proposed synonymy with morio (FABRICIUS, 1775)]. Literature: BEY-BIENKO, 1936; BOESEMAN, 1954; BRINDLE, 1972, 1973, 1976; BURR, 1907, 1910; GÜNTHER, 1934; HUDSON, 1973; KIRBY, 1891; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1968; SAKAI, 1971, 1982; STEINMANN, 1974, 1979, 1981, 1983, 1987.

Fig. 118 Male ultimate tergite with macrolabic forceps (only left half) of Chelisoches morio (FABRICIUS). Original. Fig. 119 Male ultimate tergite with brachylabic forceps (only right half) of Chelisoches morio (FABRICIUS). After BRINDLE.

Fig. 120 Male genital armature of Chelisoches morio (FABRICIUS). Original.

Fig. 121 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Chelisoches morio (FABRICIUS). Original.

76 Description: Male various in size and shape; generally black, sometimes very dark brownish- or reddish-black; legs black, the tarsi orange or yellowish. Body feebly shiny, the entire dorsal surface punctulate. Head broad, posterior margin sinuate in the middle; postfrontal and coronal sutures depressed, well marked. Eyes comparatively small, essentially shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae 21-jointed; first long, but shorter than distance between antennal bases, second transverse or quadrate, third longer than fourth. Pronotum a little longer than wide, expanded posteriorly, prozona tumid, with median longitudinal furrow; lateral margins straight, posterior margin rounded. Tegmina and wings well developed. Abdomen broad, more or less parallel-sided. Ultimate tergite smooth, transverse, posterior part with smaller tubercles near last margin. Pygidium short, small, simple. Penultimate sternite broadly rounded posteriorly. Forceps of male of two types: flattened, but less broad, and elongate, with a broad, flat denticulated dilation near the base on inner margin, beyond which the branches are gradually incurved, with inner margins smooth, and with one or more smaller or larger teeth (Fig. 118); or, branches remote at base, stout, rather short, very broad and flat, with strong prominent irregular teeth on the inner margins near the base or in the basal half (Fig. 119). Genitalia (Fig. 120, gen. prep. No. 165, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) comparatively broad, large; central parameral plate simple, virga within genital lobe moderately short, external parameres broad. - Female similar to male, but pygidium prominent, broad, short and tumid, the posterior margin produced into a rectilinear lobe, slightly dilated, the apex of which is greatly sinuate and each angle terminated in small tubercle or blunt point. Forceps (Fig. 121) a little depressed, trigonal basally, elongate, nearly straight, inner margin finely crenulate. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 15-28 mm. Distribution: Cosmopolitan. 2.

Chelisoches malgachus BORMANS

1903 Chelisoches malgachus BORMANS, in BURR, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., London, (7) 11: 265. - Terra typica: Madagascar (Type male: Mus. civ. Stor. nat., Genova). 1904 Brachylabis malgacha (nec BURR, 1904) - BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. London, 1904: 292. 1911 Chelisoches malgachus ~ BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 65. L i t e r a t u r e : BRINDLE, 1966, 1969; HINCKS, 1953; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1968; SAKAI, 1971, 1982; STEINMANN, 1983, 1987, 1989.

Description: Male general colour dark brownish-red; lateral margins of pronotum yellowish, tegmina with or without a narrow yellowish stripe near humeral suture. Head large, a little depressed, posterior margin concave; postfrontal and coronal sutures distinct. Eyes small, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint normal, shorter than distance between antennal bases or about as long as this distance. Pronotum well developed, a little wider than head, lateral margins finely concave, posterior margin rounded.

77

Prozona tumid, with short median longitudinal furrow; metazona deplanate. Tegmina and wings normally developed. Abdomen somewhat depressed, lateral margins parallel; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct. Ultimate tergite transverse, smooth, simple, somewhat depressed medially near posterior margin. Pygidium transverse but apex produced slightly medially. Penultimate sternite simple, broadly rounded posteriorly. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 122) broad, somewhat depressed at basal half, and inner margins with a large, strong tooth near mid-point. Genitalia unknown. - Female similar to male, but body smaller, and forceps tapering, more or less straight except apices, and contiguous. Length of body with forceps: male: 29-32 mm, female: 25-26.5 mm. Distribution: Madagascar.

Fig. 122 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Chelisoches malgachus BORMANS. After BRINDLE.

3.

Chelisoches chopardi

HINCKS

1951 Kleiduchus flavipennis CHOPARD, Mem. Inst, scient., Madagascar, 5A (88): 148. - Terra typica: Madagascar (Type male: Mus. nation. Hist, nat., Paris). 1953 Chelisoches chopardi HINCKS, Mem. Inst, scient. Madagascar, (E) 4: 377 (new name for Kleiduchus flavipennis CHOPARD, 1951, a junior secondary homonymy of Forficula flavipennis FABRICIUS, 1 7 9 3 ) . L i t e r a t u r e : BRINDLE, 1 9 6 6 , 1 9 6 9 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 1 , 1 9 8 2 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 8 3 , 1 9 8 7 , 1 9 8 9 .

Description: Male generally black, but tegmina with yellow band along the sutures; tarsi and apex of tibia yellow. Head rounded, a little depressed; postfrontal and coronal sutures present. Eyes shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint long, but a little shorter than distance between antennal bases, second transverse, third and the rest elongate, cylindrical. Pronotum slightly transverse; lateral margin more or less straight, posterior margin and angles rounded; median longitudinal furrow well marked at anterior half of disc. Tegmina well developed, about twice as long as pronotum; posterior

78 margin finely convex. Wings comparatively short. Abdomen a little depressed, parallel-sided. Ultimate tergite transverse, smooth, posterior part with six small tubercles near posterior margin. Pygidium transverse and emarginate at apex. Penultimate sternite typical, broadly rounded posteriorly. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 123) specific, of Forficula-type, strongly depressed and laminated basally and medially, cylindrical in cross-section apically; inner margins of laminated section with fine crenulation. Genitalia unknown to me. - Female very similar to male, but ultimate tergite without tubercles; pygidium characteristic, strongly longer than broad, apex excised; both branches of forceps (Fig. 124) straight, simple, inner margins crenulated basally near pygidium. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 22-28 mm. Distribution: Madagascar.

O Fig. 123 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Chelisoches chopardi HINCKS. After BRINDLE.

Fig. 124 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Chelisoches chopardi HINCKS. A f t e r BRINDLE.

4.

Chelisoches flavipennis (FABRICIUS)

1793 Forficula flavipennis FABRICIUS (nec CHOPARD, 1951), Ent. Syst., 2: 5. - Terra typica: Senegal (Type lost). 1858 Forficula plagiata FAIRMAIRE, in THOMSON, Arch. Ent., 2: 257. - Terra typica: Gabon (Type female: unknown locality). 1900 Forficula flavipennis - BORMANS & KRAUSS, Das Tierreich, Berlin, 11: 55 (incorrect synonymy with Spongiphora croceipennis SERVILLE, 1831). 1904 Chelisoches plagiatus - BORG, Ark. Zool., Uppsala, 1: 574 (Cameroon). 1907 Chelisoches flavipennis - BORELLI, Annali Mus. civ. Stor. nat., Genova, 43: 384. 1911 Enkrates flavipennis - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 66; pi. 6, fig. 6 (head, and pronotum) (West Africa).

79 1916 EnkratesflavipennisBURR, J1 R. microsc. Soc., London, 1916: 9; pi. 2, fig. 10 (male genitalia). 1924 Chelisoches flavipennis - REHN, Bull. Amer. Mus. nat. Hist., 49: 383. 1973 Chelisoches flavipennis - BRINDLE, The Dermaptera of Africa, 1: 227; fig. 312 (male in dorsal view), 314 (male genitalia), 316 (female forceps) (Nigeria, Gabon, Cameroon, Congo). 1973 Forficula plagiata - BRINDLE, The Dermaptera of Africa; 1: 227 [as synonym of flavipennis (FABRICIUS, 1793)]. Literature: BORELLI, 1914, 1 9 2 3 ; BRINDLE, 1966, 1 9 6 7 , 1968, 1 9 6 9 ; BURR, 1 9 1 2 ; HINCKS, 1 9 5 5 , 1 9 5 6 ; KIRBY, 1 9 0 4 ; MENOZZI, 1 9 2 8 , 1 9 3 0 ; REHN, 1 9 4 5 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 1 , 1 9 8 2 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 8 3 , 1 9 8 7 , 1989.

Description: Male head black anteriorly, reddish behind postfrontal sutures, antennae dark brown to black, one or more distal joints white; pronotum black anteriorly, yellow or whitish posteriorly; tegmina yellowish-brown to light brown, sometimes reddish-brown, wings black, extreme sutural apex yellow, legs reddish or yellow, abdomen and forceps dark reddish-brown. Head transverse, broad; posterior margin convex in the middle. Eyes comparatively large, but a little shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint slightly shorter than distance between antennal bases; second transverse, the rest typical. Pronotum longer than wide; lateral margins straight and widened posteriorly, posterior margin strongly convex. Tegmina and wings fully developed. Legs moderately short. Abdomen broad, rather depressed, lateral glandular folds on fourth tergite large; abdominal tergites punctate, punctures relatively shallow. Ultimate tergite depressed near posterior margin between the bases of the branches of the forceps, the depression with two teeth anteriorly. Pygidium broad, with specific projections laterally, posterior margin excised. Penultimate sternite broadly rounded posteriorly. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 125)

Fig. 125 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Chelisoches flavipennis

flavipennis

(FABRICIUS). A f t e r BRINDLE.

Original.

Fig. 126 Male genital armature of Chelisoches (FABRICIUS).

Fig. 127 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Chelisoches flavipennis (FABRICIUS). O r i g i n a l .

80 characteristic, broad, short, basal half broadened into a tooth flange. Genitalia (Fig. 126, gen.prep. No. 740, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) of Chelisoches-type; central parameral plate short, oval, virga within genital lobe comparatively short, external parameres typical, simple, rounded laterally. - Female similar to male, but forceps (Fig. 127) longer and slender, both branches elliptical in crosssection, inner margins crenulated, almost contiguous; pygidium declivent, ventral surface projecting beyond dorsal part into a quadrangular process. Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 15-23 mm. Distribution: West-Central Africa. 5.

Chelisoches persimilis

MENOZZI

1933 Chelisoches persimilis MENOZZI, Misc. zool. Sum., 77: 1; fig. 1 (genitalia of holotype, and male ultimate tergite with forceps). - Terra typica: Sumatra (Type male: MENOZZI'S Collection). Literature: SAKAI, 1 9 7 1 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 8 3 , 1 9 8 7 , 1 9 8 9 .

Description: Male general colour dark brownish, sometimes reddish-black; lateral margins of pronotum, and tarsi light brown or yellowish-brown. Head broad, a little depressed posteriorly; postfrontal and coronal sutures distinct; posterior margin sinuate in the middle. Eyes short, slightly shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint typical, shorter than distance between antennal bases; second transverse, third longer, cylindrical. Pronotum a little longer than wide, lateral margins straight, but expanded posteriorly; median longitudinal furrow present, well marked at prozona. Tegmina and wings developed. Abdomen broad, a little depressed; lateral glandular folds on tergites

Fig. 128 Holotype ultimate tergite with forceps of Chelisoches persimilis MENOZZI.

Fig. 129 Holotype genital armature of Chelisoches persimilis MENOZZI. After

A f t e r MENOZZI.

MENOZZI.

81 3 - 4 present. Ultimate tergite transverse, the disc depressed medially near posterior margin, and with two lateral protuberances; posterior margin trisinuate. Pygidium hidden. Penultimate sternite broadly rounded posteriorly. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 128) very short, robust, depressed except apically; inner margins with two large, blunt denticles basally. Genitalia (Fig. 129) normally developed; central parameral plate oval, virga within genital lobe short, with two comparatively large and broad sclerotized sacs basally. - Female unknown. Length of body with forceps: 13-17 mm. Distribution: Indonesia: Sumatra. 6.

Chelisoches semirufus

BORELLI

1926 Chelisoches semirufus BORELLI, Res. biol., 1 (1): 7; fig. 7 (male ultimate tergite with forceps), 7 a (genitalia of holotype), 8 (female forceps). - Terra typica: Mentawei Island (Type male: Raffles Mus., Singapore). Literature: BORELLI, 1 9 3 2 ; POPHAM & STEINMANN, 1 9 8 3 , 1 9 8 7 , 1 9 8 9 .

BRINDLE,

1 9 6 8 ; SAKAI,

1971,

1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA,

1976;

Description: Male general colour dark brownish-black, tegmina testaceous, abdomen and forceps reddish. Head broad, frons tumid, occiput a little depressed; postfrontal and coronal sutures distinct; posterior margin sinuate in the middle. Eyes typical, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint slightly shorter than distance between antennal bases; second transverse or quadrate, third and rest elongated, cylindrical, joints 9 - 1 0 whitish (after BORELLI). Prono turn a little longer than wide, lateral margins straight,

Fig. 130 Holotype ultimate tergite with forceps of Chelisoches semirufus

Fig. 131 Holotype genital armature of Chelisoches semirufus BORELLI. After

Fig. 132 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Chelisoches semirufus

BORELLI. A f t e r BORELLI.

BORELLI.

BORELLI. A f t e r BORELLI.

82

finely widened posteriorly, posterior margin rounded; median longitudinal furrow present. Tegmina and wings well developed. Abdomen parallel laterally, lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 present. Ultimate tergite broad, with four very small tubercles near posterior margin medially, and two medio-lateral projections; posterior margin trisinuate. Pygidium short, broad, posterior margin emarginate or convex medially, with or without two very small tubercles laterally. Penultimate sternite broad, rounded posteriorly. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 130) depressed basally and medially, inner margins with two large, blunt denticles. Genitalia (Fig. 131) specific; central parameral plate comparatively narrow, virga within genital lobe moderately long, external paramere with outer margins undulate. - Female very similar to male, but forceps (Fig. 132) elongate, trigonal in cross-section basally and medially, dorsal edge sharp; pygidium longer than wide, apex excised. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 13-15 mm. Distribution: Malaysia, and Indonesia: Sumatra, Mentawei Island, Java. 7. Chelisoches australicus (Le

GUILLON)

1841 Forficesila australica Le GUILLON (nec DUBRONY, 1897), Revue Zool., 4: 292. - Terra typica: Australia (Type female: unknown locality). 1853 Forficula australica - BLANCHARD, Voy. Pole Sud., 4: 351. 1865 Lobophora australica - DOHRN, Stettiner ent. Ztg., 26: 72. 1900 Chelisoches australicus - BORMANS & KRAUSS, Das Tierreich, Berlin, 11: 87. 1911 Kleiduchus australicus - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 64; pi. 5, fig. 18 (hind leg) (Northern Australia, and New Guinea). 1912 Chelisoches australicus - ZACHER, Zeitschr. Wiss. Insektenbiol., 8: 279; fig. 6 (male genitalia). L i t e r a t u r e : BRINDLE, 1 9 6 5 ; GÜNTHER, 1 9 3 4 ; HEBARD, 1 9 3 3 ; KIRBY, 1 9 0 4 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 1 , 1 9 8 2 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 8 3 , 1 9 8 7 , 1 9 8 9 .

Description: Male general colour black, except tegmina and wings, yellow or yellowish-red, orange, sometimes lateral margins of tegmina shaded black. Head large, frons tumid, occiput depressed near postfrontal sutures, coronal suture very short; posterior margin strongly sinuate in the middle. Eyes small, essentially shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint well developed, about as long as distance between antennal bases or a little longer; second quadrate, third finely longer than fourth. Pronotum considerably longer than broad; lateral margins straight, widened posteriorly, posterior margin with rounded posterior angles; median longitudinal furrow short, prozona tumid, metazone deplanate. Tegmina fully developed, posterior margins obliquely convex, wings well developed. Abdomen parallel-sided, all tergites with a series of very small tubercles transversaly, near posterior margin. Ultimate transverse, broad, dorsal plate with a lamellated projection medially near posterior margin, and the projection with four small tubercles. Pygidium short, apex rounded, excised. Penultimate sternite broadly rounded posteriorly. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 133) well developed, elongate; basal part strongly depressed, the

83 depression with three, sometimes four, smaller, but sharp denticles. Genitalia (Fig. 1 3 4 , gen.prep. No. 9 7 1 , det. Dr. H . STEINMANN) specific; central parameral plate well developed, but narrow, strongly narrowed basally; virga within genital lobe comparatively short, external parameres narrow, a little expanded medially, and pointed apically. - Female very similar to male, but forceps (Fig. 135) straight, strongly trigonal in cross-section, with sharp dorsal edge, ventral inner ridge saw-like, the teeth directed backwards. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 20-28 mm. Distribution: Northern Australia, and New Guinea.

Fig. 134 Male genital armature of Chelisoches

Fig. 133 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Chelisoches australiens (LE GUILLON). Original.

australiens

(LE GUILLON).

Original.

8.

Chelisoches ater

Fig. 135 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Chelisoches australicus (LE GUILLON). Original.

BORMANS

1897 Psalidophora australica DUBRONY, Annali Mus. civ. Stor. nat. Genova, 14: 361, fig. (male in dorsal view). - Terra typica: Somerset (Australia) (Type male: Mus. civ. Stor. nat. Genova). 1900 Chelisoches ater BORMANS & KRAUSS, Das Tierreich, Berlin, 11: 85 (new name for Psalidophora australica DUBRONY, 1897, a junior secundary homonymy oiForficesila australica Le GUILLON, 1841).

1904 Spongiphora australica - KIRBY, Syn. Cat. Orth., 1: 30. 1911 Chelisoches ater - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 65. Literature: HEBARD, 1933; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1968; SAKAI, 1 9 7 1 , 1982; STEINMANN, 1983, 1987, 1989.

84 Description: Male similar to australicus (Le GUILLON), but tegmina and wings black, shiny, sometimes with metallic sheen. Head normally developed, rounded; frons tumid, occiput a little depressed; posterior margin sinuate in the middle. Eyes small, essentially shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint long, about as long as distance between antennal bases, or shorter; second transverse, third and the rest slender, cylindrical. Pronotum about as long as wide, or sometimes a little tranverse; lateral margins straight, widened posteriorly; median longitudinal furrow present at prozona; posterior angles slightly rounded, posterior margin convex. Tegmina and wings well developed, but shorter than the length of abdomen. Abdominal tergites punctate, parallel-sided; tergites 3 - 4 with large, prominent lateral glandular folds. Ultimate tergite transverse, smooth, simple, with median depression near posterior margin. Pygidium characteristic, posterior margin with two promient lateral teeth. Penultimats sternite typical, broadly rounded posteriorly. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 136) with sharp dorsal edge; branches strongly trigonal in cross-section, inner ventral ridge with or without smaller or larger denticles or tubercles; apical part of forceps with a specific tooth. Genitalia unknown to me. Female similar to male, but forceps straight, tapering, contiguous, with or without fine crenulation on inner margin basally, sometimes medially. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 17-23 mm. Distribution: North Australia.

Fig. 136 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Chelisoches ater BORMANS. After DUBRONY.

9.

Chelisoches kimberleyensis

MJÒBERG

1913 Chelisoches kimberleyensis MJÒBERG, Ent. Tidskr., 34: 329. - Terra typica: Australia (Type male: Naturhist. Riksmus., Stockholm).

85 Kleiduchus kimberleyensis - MJOBERG, Ark. Zool., Uppsala, 1 6 ( 2 1 ) : 9 ; pi. dorsal view), 2 b (male forceps), 2 c (tarsus). 1933 Chelisoches kimberleyensis - SJOSTEDT, Ark. Zool., Uppsala, 25A (20): 4. 1924

1,

fig. 2a (male in

L i t e r a t u r e : SAKAI, 1 9 7 1 , 1982; STEINMANN, 1 9 8 3 , 1 9 8 7 , 1 9 8 9 .

Description: Male body elongate, depressed, slightly shiny; colour generally black, tegmina rufous. Head broad, a little depressed posteriorly; postfrontal and coronal sutures distinct; posterior margin sinuate in the middle. Eyes typical, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae 24-jointed (after MJOBERG); first joint long, but a little shorter than distance between antennal bases; second transverse, third about twice as long as second. Pronotum distinctly longer than wide; lateral margins straight, a little widened posteriorly, posterior margin broadly sinuate. Tegmina and wings fully developed. Abdomen medium size; tergites with a series of small tubercles near posterior margin. Ultimate tergite transverse, smooth, median longitudinal sulcus present. Pygidium prominent, about as long as wide, posterior margin convex. Penultimate sternite broadly rounded posteriorly. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 137) straight, a little depressed, elliptical in cross-section basally and medially, cylindrical apically; inner margins with a large, obtuse tooth medially. Genitalia unknown. - Female very similar to male, but pygidium short, rounded posteriorly, and forceps (Fig. 138) trigonal in cross-section; ventral inner edge with a distinct tooth near pygidium basally. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 13-17 mm. Distribution: Australia (North-West Territory).

Fig. 137 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Chelisoches kimberleyensis MJOBERG.

Fig. 138 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Chelisoches kimberleyensis MJOBERG.

A f t e r MJOBERG.

A f t e r MJOBERG.

86 10. Chelisoches handschini

GÜNTHER

1934 Chelisoches handschini GUNTHER, Revue suisse Zool., 41 (34): 539; fig. 2A (male in dorsal view), 2 B (female forceps). - Terra typica: Australia (Kadarii) (Type male: Naturhist. Mus., Basel). 1983 Chelisoches handschini - STEINMANN, Reichenbachia, Dresden, 21 (7): 50; fig. 9 (male genitalia, g e n . p r e p . N o . 6 4 6 , d e t . D r . H . STEINMANN). Literature: SAKAI, 1 9 7 1 , 1982; STEINMANN, 1 9 8 3 , 1 9 8 7 , 1 9 8 9 .

Description: Male general colour very dark brownish-black. Head broad, rounded, frons tumid, occiput a little depressed; postfrontal sutures well marked, coronal suture short. Eyes small, essentially shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint about as long as distance between antennal bases; second quadrate, third longer, fourth short, shorter than third and fifth joints. Pronotum as long as wide, lateral margins straight, and parallel; posterior angles rounded, posterior margin convex; median longitudinal furrow distinct. Tegmina comparatively short, posterior margin obliquely truncate, wings well developed. Abdomen elongate, parallel-sided; lateral glandular folds on tergite 3 small, tergite 4 large. Ultimate tergite broad, transverse, depressed medially near posterior margin. Pygidium specific, broad and short, posterior margin emarginate, with two smaller or larger beeth or tubercles laterally. Penultimate sternite typical. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 139) arcuate, more or less cylindrical or elliptical in cross-section, inner margins with smaller and larger teeth. Genitalia (Fig. 1 4 0 , gen.prep. No. 6 4 6 , det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) specific; central parameral plate narrow, virga within genital lobe comparatively short, external parameres narrow and long, pointed. - Female similar to male, but pygidium (Fig. 141) of

Fig. 139 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Chelisoches handschini

Fig. 140 Paratype genital armature of Chelisoches

GÜNTHER. A f t e r GÜNTHER.

Original.

handschini

GÜNTHER.

Fig. 141 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Chelisoches handschini GÜNTHER. A f t e r GÜNTHER.

87 Doru-type, very long, spicate; both branches of forceps simple, cylindrical. Length of body with forceps, male: 11-13, female: 12.,5-15 mm. Distribution: Northern Australia. 11. Chelisoches calopteryx GÜNTHER 1929 Chelisoches calopteryx GÜNTHER, Mitt. zool. Mus. Berlin, 15 (1): 77. - Terra typica: New Guinea (Type male: Mus. Naturkunde, Berlin). 1970 Chelisoches calopteryx - BRINDLE, Pacific Insects, 12 (3): 696; fig. 73 (female forceps) (Solomon Islands: Bougainville). Literature: POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 1 , 1982; STEINMANN, 1 9 8 3 , 1 9 8 7 , 1 9 8 9 .

Description: Male general colour black; antennae dark brown, and tarsi yellow; pronotum, tegmina and wings with brilliant metallic bluish-green sheen. Head depressed, comparativelly small; frons tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures depressed, well marked; posterior margin convex in the middle. Eyes normally developed, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae 18-jointed (after GÜNTHER), first long, but a little shorter than distance between antennal bases; second transverse, third joint long, longer than fourth. Pronotum slightly longer than wide; lateral margins straight, a little widened posteriorly; posterior angles present, posterior margin convex; prozona tumid, with short median longitudinal furrow, and metazona deplanate. Tegmina and wings comparatively short; posterior margin of tegmina truncate, straight. Abdomen elongate, parallel-sided; cuticle punctate, and all tergites with a series of tubercles

Fig. 142 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Chelisoches calopteryx GÜNTHER. Original.

Fig. 143 Male genital armature of Chelisoches calopteryx

Original.

GÜNTHER.

Fig. 144 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Chelisoches calopteryx GÜNTHER. A f t e r BRINDLE.

88 on the posterior margin. Ultimate tergite transverse, smooth, a little depressed medially near posterior margin, the depression with four very small tubercles. Pygidium with apex convex. Penultimate sternite broad, posterior margin with a short emargination medially. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 142) specific, less curved, more or less cylindrical in cross-section, inner margins with a sharp and large denticle basally, the spine-like denticle or tooth directed backwards; inner ventral surfaces with a further tooth medailly. Genitalia (Fig. 143, gen.prep. No. 940, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) simple; central parameral plate narrow, convex laterally, virga within genital lobe comparatively short with two Chelisochidtype sclerotized small sacs; external parameres narrow, pointed apically. Female similar to male, but ultimate tergite without dorsal tubercles near posterior margin; forceps (Fig. 144) straight, a little depressed, inner margin armed with smaller or larger teeth or denticles; pygidium longer than wide, posterior margin with two blunt teeth or tubercles laterally. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 14.5-17 mm. Distribution: New Guinea, Solomon Islands, and Fiji. 12. Chelisoches annulatus

BURR

1906 Chelisoches annulatus BURR, Nova Guinea, 5: 10. - Terra typica: New Guinea (Type male: Inst. Tax. Zoöl., Amsterdam). Literature: BOESEMAN, 1954; BURR, 1911; GÜNTHER, 1929; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1968; SAKAI, 1 9 7 1 , 1982; STEINMANN, 1 9 8 3 , 1 9 8 7 , 1989.

Description: Male general colour dark brownish-black, tarsi yellowish, and abdominal tergites and forceps reddish-brown; shiny. Head normally developed, frons tumid, occiput a little depressed, postfrontal and coronal sutures distinct; posterior margin of head convex in the middle. Eyes small, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint comparatively long, about as long as distance between antennal bases; second quadrate, third essentially longer than fourth, and fourth a little shorter than fifth. Pronotum about as long as wide, sometimes a little longer; lateral margins straight, finely widened posteriorly; posterior angles and margin broadly rounded; prozona tumid, with a short median longitudinal furrow. Tegmina and wings of Chelisoches-type, comparatively short, but well developed, convex laterally, obliquely truncate posteriorly. Abdomen moderately short, tergites with a series of small tubercles near posterior margin. Ultimate tergite transverse, with a wide depressed portion near posterior margin. Pygidium small, rounded posteriorly. Penultimate sternite simple, typical. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 145) strongly depressed at basal half, and elliptical in cross-section at apical half. Laminated portion with a specific dorsal denticle, the projection directed dorsally; inner margin with or without bi-lobed tooth medially, and with smaller or larger tooth at the mid-point of the apical portion. Genitalia (Fig. 146, gen.prep. No. 829, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN from Sulawesi) characteristic; central parameral plate narrowed

89 basally and apically, widened medially; virga within genital lobe comparatively long, with two large sclerotized sacs of Chelisochid-type; external parameres extended apically. - Female very similar to male, but forceps strongly trigonal, with sharp dorsal and crenulated ventral edges; pygidium similar to handschini G Ü N T H E R of Dorw-type, spine-like (Fig. 1 4 7 ) . - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 13-18 mm. Distribution: New Guinea, and Indonesia: Celebes.

Fig. 145 Holotype ultimate tergite with forceps of Chelisoches annulatus

Fig. 146 Male genital armature of Chelisoches annulatus BURR. Original.

BURR. O r i g i n a l .

13. Chelisoches cheesmanae

Fig. 147 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Chelisoches annulatus BURR. Original.

HINCKS

1952 Chelisoches cheesmanae HINCKS, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., London, (12) 5: 203. - Terra typica: Banks Islands (Type male: Brit. Mus. Nat. Hist., London). 1976 Chelisoches cheesmanae - BRINDLE, Rec. S. Austr. Mus., 17 (13): 238; fig. 25 (male in dorsal view), 26 (male genitalia) (New Hebrides).

Literature:

SAKAI, 1 9 7 1 , 1 9 8 2 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 8 3 , 1 9 8 7 ,

1989.

Description: Male general colour black, shiny; head, pronotum, and tegmina with metallic sheen; generally, the head and pronotum strongly metallic blue-green, and tegmina similarly coloured, the shoulders and suture broadly violet; wings violet; legs black, but tarsi fuscous. Head depressed, frons not tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures strongly impressed. Eyes normally developed, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae broken in

90 holotype; first antennal joint comparatively short, shorter than distance between antennal bases; second transverse, third a little longer than fourth. Pronotum much longer than wide, parallel-sided, posterior angles rounded, posterior margin convex; median longitudinal furrow clearly marked in prozona; prozona slightly tumid, metazona deplanate, the two areas little differentiated and not separated by distinct transverse groove or depression. Tegmina about one and a half times longer than pronotum, slightly rounded at sides; surface with microscopic reticulation and very diffuse large shallow punctures. Abdomen parallel-sided, tergites strongly punctate. Ultimate tergite transverse, punctation largely confined to two areas on either side of more or less unsculptured median area. Pygidium not prominent, more or less triangular with truncate caudal margin. Penultimate sternite simple. Forceps (Fig. 148) similar to those of morio (FABRICIUS), but with short basal lamellation having two tooth-like prominences on inner margins; a small tooth present on inner margins at two-thirds length of forceps. Genitalia (Fig. 149) of Chelisochid-type; central parameral plate comparatively large, broad; virga within genital lobe long, and external parameres broad medially, pointed apically. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 18 mm. Distribution: New Hebrides (endemic).

Fig. 148 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Chelisoches cheesmanae HINCKS. After BRINDLE.

Fig. 149 Male genital armature of Chelisoches cheesmanae HINCKS. After BRINDLE.

91

Doubtful position ? Chelisoches paravicinii

GÜNTHER

1933 Chelisoches paravicinii GÜNTHER, Verh. naturf. Ges. Basel, 44: 162. - Terra typica: Solomon Islands (Type male: lost, originally in the Naturhist. Mus., Basel).

Genus

14:

Solenosoma

BURR

1907 Solenosoma BURR, Trans, ent. Soc., London, 1907:131.- Species typica: Auchenomus birmanus BORMANS, 1888. Literature: BURR, 1910, 1911; KAPOOR, 1967; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1968; SAKAI, 1971, SRIVASTAVA, 1976; STEINMANN, 1975, 1983, 1987, 1989; TOWNES, 1945.

1982;

Description: Body slender and cylindrical. Head depressed, posterior margin truncate. Pronotum narrower than the head anteriorly, somewhat wider posteriorly. Tegmina short, truncate, without lateral longitudinal keels. Wings absent. Sternal plates narrow. Legs rather short, slender, tibiae flattened above in the apical third, not strongly furrowed; second tarsal segment slender, short and cylindrical. Abdomen slender, depressed, parallel-sided and elongate. Ultimate tergite square. Pygidium small, simple. Penultimate sternite ample. Male forceps very long and slender. Distribution: Oriental region. Single species. 1. Solenosoma birmanum (BORMANS) 1888 Auchenomus birmanus BORMANS, Annali Mus. civ. Stor. nat., Genova, (2) 6: 436; figs (male in dorsal view, and male forceps). - Terra typica: Burma (Type male: Mus. civ. Stor. nat., Genova). 1900 Chelisoches birmanus - BORMANS & KRAUSS, Das Tierreich, Berlin, 11: 85. 1907 Solenosoma birmanum - BURR, Trans, ent. Soc., London, 1907: 131. 1911 Solenosoma birmanum - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 64; pi. 5, fig. 20 (head), 20 a (pronotum, and tegmina) (Burma, Assam). Literature: BEY-BIENKO, 1959; BURR, 1910; KIRBY, 1904; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1968; SAKAI, 1971, 1982; SRIVASTAVA, 1976; STEINMANN, 1983, 1987, 1989.

Description: Male colour deep reddish chestnut; lateral margin of pronotum pale, legs testaceous. Head a little depressed, longer than wide, frons finely tumid, occiput a little impressed, postfrontal sutures distinct. Eyes normally developed, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint long, about as long as distance between antennal bases or shorter; second transverse, third longer than fourth. Pronotum trapezoidal, rectilinear, decidedly longer than wide, narrower than the head anteriorly, as wide as the head posteriorly; posterior angles gently rounded; median longitudinal furrow distinct. Tegmina quite smooth, comparatively short, posterior margin obliquely truncate. Wings entirely absent. Abdomen parallel-sided, finely punctulate; lateral glandular folds distinct. Ultimate tergite smoother than the abdomen, quadrangular,

91

Doubtful position ? Chelisoches paravicinii

GÜNTHER

1933 Chelisoches paravicinii GÜNTHER, Verh. naturf. Ges. Basel, 44: 162. - Terra typica: Solomon Islands (Type male: lost, originally in the Naturhist. Mus., Basel).

Genus

14:

Solenosoma

BURR

1907 Solenosoma BURR, Trans, ent. Soc., London, 1907:131.- Species typica: Auchenomus birmanus BORMANS, 1888. Literature: BURR, 1910, 1911; KAPOOR, 1967; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1968; SAKAI, 1971, SRIVASTAVA, 1976; STEINMANN, 1975, 1983, 1987, 1989; TOWNES, 1945.

1982;

Description: Body slender and cylindrical. Head depressed, posterior margin truncate. Pronotum narrower than the head anteriorly, somewhat wider posteriorly. Tegmina short, truncate, without lateral longitudinal keels. Wings absent. Sternal plates narrow. Legs rather short, slender, tibiae flattened above in the apical third, not strongly furrowed; second tarsal segment slender, short and cylindrical. Abdomen slender, depressed, parallel-sided and elongate. Ultimate tergite square. Pygidium small, simple. Penultimate sternite ample. Male forceps very long and slender. Distribution: Oriental region. Single species. 1. Solenosoma birmanum (BORMANS) 1888 Auchenomus birmanus BORMANS, Annali Mus. civ. Stor. nat., Genova, (2) 6: 436; figs (male in dorsal view, and male forceps). - Terra typica: Burma (Type male: Mus. civ. Stor. nat., Genova). 1900 Chelisoches birmanus - BORMANS & KRAUSS, Das Tierreich, Berlin, 11: 85. 1907 Solenosoma birmanum - BURR, Trans, ent. Soc., London, 1907: 131. 1911 Solenosoma birmanum - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 64; pi. 5, fig. 20 (head), 20 a (pronotum, and tegmina) (Burma, Assam). Literature: BEY-BIENKO, 1959; BURR, 1910; KIRBY, 1904; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1968; SAKAI, 1971, 1982; SRIVASTAVA, 1976; STEINMANN, 1983, 1987, 1989.

Description: Male colour deep reddish chestnut; lateral margin of pronotum pale, legs testaceous. Head a little depressed, longer than wide, frons finely tumid, occiput a little impressed, postfrontal sutures distinct. Eyes normally developed, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint long, about as long as distance between antennal bases or shorter; second transverse, third longer than fourth. Pronotum trapezoidal, rectilinear, decidedly longer than wide, narrower than the head anteriorly, as wide as the head posteriorly; posterior angles gently rounded; median longitudinal furrow distinct. Tegmina quite smooth, comparatively short, posterior margin obliquely truncate. Wings entirely absent. Abdomen parallel-sided, finely punctulate; lateral glandular folds distinct. Ultimate tergite smoother than the abdomen, quadrangular,

92 decidedly wider than long, the posterior margin sinuate with a row of small compressed tubercles. Pygidium small, thick and obtuse, with a short, narrow, parallel-sided lobe terminating in two short sharp points. Penultimate sternite simple, broadly rounded posteriorly. Forceps (Fig. 150) with the branches remote at the base, depressed and slightly dilated at the base itself, then attenuate, bent gently downwards and elongate, very slender, almost straight, slightly converging and gently hooked at the apices; the inner margins near the base have a few minute denticulations. Genitalia (Fig. 151, gen.prep. No. 533, det. Dr. H . STEINMANN from Yunnan) of Spongiphora-type (penis broken basally); virga long, external parameres undulate, extending apically. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 13-16 mm. Distribution: South China: Yunnan, Burma, India.

Fig. 150 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Solenosoma birmanum (BORMANS). After BORMANS.

Fig. 151 Male genitalia (only apical part) of Solenosoma birmanum (BORMANS). Original.

Genus 15: Schizoproreus

STEINMANN

1987 Schizoproreus STEINMANN, Annls hist.-nat. Mus. natn. hung., 79: 117. - Species typica: Chelisoches ritsemae BORMANS, 1883.

Description: Closely related to Proreus, but apical part of paired external parameres deeply cleft, thus forming two smaller or larger, equal or unequal inner and outer lobes, similar to Schizochelisoches, or Schizodiplatys species. Antennae slender, and the fourth joint ovate or cylindrical, and not thickened or clubbed. Male forceps comparatively short, generally depressed and flattened, inner margins with smaller or larger tooth or teeth. Distribution: Oriental region. 5 species.

92 decidedly wider than long, the posterior margin sinuate with a row of small compressed tubercles. Pygidium small, thick and obtuse, with a short, narrow, parallel-sided lobe terminating in two short sharp points. Penultimate sternite simple, broadly rounded posteriorly. Forceps (Fig. 150) with the branches remote at the base, depressed and slightly dilated at the base itself, then attenuate, bent gently downwards and elongate, very slender, almost straight, slightly converging and gently hooked at the apices; the inner margins near the base have a few minute denticulations. Genitalia (Fig. 151, gen.prep. No. 533, det. Dr. H . STEINMANN from Yunnan) of Spongiphora-type (penis broken basally); virga long, external parameres undulate, extending apically. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 13-16 mm. Distribution: South China: Yunnan, Burma, India.

Fig. 150 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Solenosoma birmanum (BORMANS). After BORMANS.

Fig. 151 Male genitalia (only apical part) of Solenosoma birmanum (BORMANS). Original.

Genus 15: Schizoproreus

STEINMANN

1987 Schizoproreus STEINMANN, Annls hist.-nat. Mus. natn. hung., 79: 117. - Species typica: Chelisoches ritsemae BORMANS, 1883.

Description: Closely related to Proreus, but apical part of paired external parameres deeply cleft, thus forming two smaller or larger, equal or unequal inner and outer lobes, similar to Schizochelisoches, or Schizodiplatys species. Antennae slender, and the fourth joint ovate or cylindrical, and not thickened or clubbed. Male forceps comparatively short, generally depressed and flattened, inner margins with smaller or larger tooth or teeth. Distribution: Oriental region. 5 species.

93

Identification key to the species 1 V 2 2' 3

3'

4

4'

External parameres of the male genitalia with very deep excision apically (Figs 153,156, and 158); inner and outer lobes of external parameres more or less equal (Figs 153, and 158), or unequal (Fig. 156) External parameres of the male genitalia with smaller excision apically (Figs 162, and 164); inner and outer lobes of external parameres unequal Male forceps with a large dorsal tooth basally near pygidium (Fig. 152); inner and outer lobes of external parameres more or less equal (Fig. 153) 1. ScMzoproreus ritsemae, p. Male forceps without large dorsal tooth near pygidium, but with two large inner teeth at basal half (Fig. 155), or inner margin with specific depressed portion basally (Fig. 157); inner and outer lobes of external parameres unequal (Fig. 156), or more or less equal (Fig. 158) . . . Inner margins of male forceps with two pairs of large denticles near pygidium basally (Fig. 155), apical part of male forceps comparatively short, strongly curved; inner and outer lobes of external parameres of the male genitalia unequal (Fig. 156); virga short 2. Schizoproreus shqffii, p. Inner margins of male forceps with a distinct, parallel section near pygidium basally (Fig. 157); male pygidium pentagonal; apical part of male forceps comparatively long, less curved; inner and outer lobes of external parameres of the male genitalis more or less equal (Fig. 158); virga long 3. Schizoproreus persuasus, p. Excision of external parameres of the male genitalia broadly rounded, inner lobe very narrow, spine-like, outer lobe with smaller, but distinct rounded apex (Fig. 162); male forceps various in size and shape (Figs 159-161, after BRINDLE); pygidium of male straight or convex at posterior margin 4. Schizoproreus delicatulus, p. Excision of external parameres of the male genitalia not broadly rounded, inner lobe broad basally, not spine-like, outer lobe pointed apically (Fig. 164); male forceps robust, with distinct dorsal edge; inner denticles similar to delicatulus form typica; pygidium rounded apically (Fig. 163) 5. Schizoproreus dentatus, p. 1.

Schizoproreus ritsemae

2 4 93 3

95

96

97

98

(BORMANS)

1883 Chelisoches ritsemae BORMANS, Notes Leyden Mus., 5:185. - Terra typica: Sumatra (Type male: Rijksmus. natuurl. Hist., Leiden). 1907 Proreus ritsemae - BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. London, 1907: 130. 1910 Proreus ritsemae - BURR, Fauna brit. India, Dermaptera: 139; fig. 87 (male in dorsal view) (Burma). 1911 Proreus ritsemae - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 65 (Java, Sumatra, Burma). 1916 Proreus ritsemae - BURR, J1 R. Microsc. Soc., London, 1916: 10; pi. 2, fig. 13 (male genitalia). 1954 Proreus ritsemae - BOESEMAN, Zool. Verh., Leiden, 21: 91; fig. 23 a (male forceps), 23 b (female forceps). 1971 Proreus ritsemae - SAKAI, Derm. Cat. Prael., Tokyo, 6: 74 (Sumatra, Burma, Borneo, Malaya, Java, Philippines, and South-West China). 1987 Schizoproreus ritsemae - STEINMANN, Annls hist.-nat. Mus. natn. hung., 79:117. Literature: BEY-BIENKO, 1959; BORELLI, 1933; BORMANS & KRAUSS, 1900; BURR, 1912; HEBARD, 1929; HINCKS, 1947; KIRBY, 1904; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1968; SAKAI, 1982; SRIVASTAVA, 1976; STEINMANN, 1 9 8 3 , 1989.

Description: Male medium size; general colour dull earthly-brown; pronotum yellowish-brown, tegmina and wings dull yellowish-brown. Head comparatively large and broad, slightly wider then the pronotum; frons a little tumid, occiput depressed near postfrontal sutures; posterior margin more or less straight or a little convex. Eyes comparatively large, but shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae 20-jointed (after BURR); first joint well developed, but strongly narrowed basally, about as long as distance between antennal bases;

94 second quadrate, third considerably longer than fourth. Pronotum elongate, lateral margins straight and widened posteriorly; prozona tumid, metazona deplanate; median longitudinal furrow distinct; posterior margin slightly rounded or convex. Tegmina and wings prominent, well developed, dull yellowish-brown and shaded laterally; posterior margin of tegmina convex. Abdomen parallel-sided, finely punctulate. Ultimate tergite ample, broad, quadrangular, punctulate, with a median posterior depression, and a pair of compressed tubercles in the middle, and further, obtuse projections lateromedially. Pygidium short, transverse, truncate or rounded posteriorly. Penultimate sternite simple, rounded caudad. Forceps (Fig. 152) with branches stout, depressed and broad, rather short, more or less traight basally and medially, and armed on the distal surface with a large, blunt denticle, and on the inner margins near base with one or two strong conical teeth. Genitalia (Fig. 153, gen.prep. mounted by SRIVASTAVA) characteristic; central parameral plate comparatively short, broad, virga within genital lobe moderately short, with two undulate sclerotized sacs basally; external parameres with more or less equal inner and outer lobes apically; apical part of external parameres with very deep excision. Female similar to male, but pygidium short, transverse, obtuse with a rectangular truncate lobe on posterior margin. Forceps (Fig. 154) simple, slender, nearly

Fig. 152 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Schizoproreus ritsemae

Fig. 153 Male genital armature of Schizoproreus

(BORMANS). Originai.

Originai.

ritsemae

(BORMANS).

Fig. 154 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Schizoproreus ritsemae (BORMANS). Originai.

95 straight, with a conical tooth near the base, denticulate along inner margin. Length of body with forceps: male: 11-15 mm, female: 15-16 mm. Distribution: Philippine Islands, Burma, China: Yunnan, Malaysia, and Indonesia: Sumatra, Java, Borneo. 2.

Schizoproreus shaffii

(BHARADWAJ & KAPOOR)

1967 Proreus shaffii BHRADWAJ & KAPOOR, Bull. Ent., 8 (2): 4; fig. 7 (male forceps), 8 (penultimate sternite), 9 (genitalia of holotype). - Terra typica: Andaman Island (Type male: SHAFFI'S Collection). 1987 Schizoproreus shaffii - STEINMANN, Annls hist.-nat. Mus. natn. hung., 79: 118. Literature: SAKAI, 1971, 1982; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 8 3 , 1989.

Description: Male head light brown; pronotum fulvous; tegmina of a slightly deeper brown colour then pronotum, wings flavescent with inner and lateral margins brownish; abdomen castaneous, forceps reddish. Body small and slender. Head longer than wide; frons tumid, occiput depressed laterally so that the extreme lateral margins are swollen; postfrontal sutures feebly distinct. Eyes a little shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae broken in holotype, and unknown to me. Pronotum longer than wide, narrower than head, a little widened posteriorly; anterior margin truncate, sides nearly straight, posterior margin gently rounded; prozona greatly tumid, metazona depressed; median longitudinal furrow distinct. Tegmina about three and a half times longer than wide; wings well developed. Legs short and slender. Abdomen comparatively short, parallel-sided; lateral glandular folds present. Ultimate tergite transverse,

Fig. 155 Holotype ultimate tergite with forceps of Schizoproreus shaffii (BHARADWAJ & KAPOOR). A f t e r BHARADWAJ & KAPOOR.

Fig.

156

Holotype genital armature of

Schizoproreus shaffii (BHRADWAJ & KAPOOR). A f t e r BHARADWAJ & KAPOOR.

96 sides nearly straight, posterior margin subsinuate with feebly developed tumid projections over the roots of the forceps; a pair of tubercles on the posterior margin medially. Pygidium small and nearly obtuse, posterior margin slightly sinuate and with rounded angles. Penultimate sternite ample, broadly rounded posteriorly. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 155) short, stout and depressed; a pair of large teeth on each branch near the base and the middle. Genitalia (Fig. 156) narrower anteriorly; virga within genital lobe short, smaller than the external parameres and connected at the base with a pair of sclerotized sacs. External parameres with a larger inner, and narrower outer lobe. - Female unknown. Length of body with forceps: 11 mm. Distribution: Andaman Islands. 3. Schizoproreus persuasus sp. nov. Terra typica: Borneo, Samarinda, 24 - V - 1909, H.A. LORENTZ, gen.prep. No. 987, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN. - Type male: Természettudomànyi Mùzeum, Budapest).

Description: Male general colour a uniform light reddish-brown. Head strongly depressed, large, broad, a little wider than pronotum; postfrontal sutures well marked; posterior margin broadly convex in the middle. Eyes comparatively small, essentially shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae 20-jointed; first joint well developed, considerably longer than

Fig. 157 Holotype ultimate tergite with forceps of Schizoproreus persuasus sp.n. Original.

Fig. 158 Holotype genital armature of Schizoproreus persuasus sp.n. Original.

97 distance between antennal bases; second quadrate, third a little longer than fourth, and fifth longer than fourth, the rest elongate, cylindrical. Pronotum longer than wide, lateral margin finely widened posteriorly, posterior angles and margin broadly rounded; prozona tumid, with short median longitudinal furrow, metazona deplanate. Tegmina and wings well developed. Abdomen a little depressed, slightly widening posteriorly. Ultimate tergite specific, tumid medially, with four smaller, but distinct teeth near posterior margin, and the disc with two lateral projections, as in Fig. 157. Pygidium characteristic, not of Chelisochid-type, pentagonal. Penultimate sternite simple, convex posteriorly. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 157) strongly depressed basally, with specific lamellation on the basal portion, the depression with a crenulated parallel-sided section. Genitalia (Fig. 158, gen.prep. No. 987, det. Dr. H . STEINMANN) characteristic; central parameral plate very narrow, virga within genital lobe comparatively long, with two very long sclerotized lobes basally; external parameres with deep excision, and more or less equal inner and outer lobes apically. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 16 mm. Distribution: Indonesia: Borneo. 4.

Schizoproreus delicatulus

(BURR)

1911 Proreusdelicatulus BURR, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal., 4: 789.-Terra typica: Ceylon (Type male: Brit. Mus. nat. Hist., London). 1927 Hamaxas delicatulus - HEBARD, Proc. Acad. nat. Sci., Philadelphia, 79: 44. 1932 Proreus delicatulus - BORELLI, J. Fed. Malay St. Mus., Singapore, 17 (1): 190. 1976 Hamaxas delicatulus - SRIVASTAVA, Misc. Publ. Occ., Calcutta, 2: 53 (North India, Ceylon, Malaya, Borneo). 1987 Schizoproreus delicatulus - STEINMANN, Annls hist.-nat. Mus. natn. hung., 79: 118. Literature: BURR, 1916, BRINDLE, 1971; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1968; SAKAI, 1971, 1 9 8 2 ; STEINMANN, 1983, 1989.

Description: Male general colour black, but antennae, legs, and lateral and posterior margins of pronotum light brown, tegmina and wings yellowish orange with brownish portions laterally. Head rounded, large, about as wide as pronotum posteriorly; frons tumid, occiput depressed medially; postfrontal sutures distinct. Eyes small, essentially shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae 15-jointed ( + ?); first joint well developed, long, about as long as distance between antennal bases; second very narrow, transverse, third slightly longer than fourth, the remaining joints elongate. Pronotum longer than wide, lateral margins straight, but widened posteriorly, posterior angles and margin broadly rounded; prozona tumid, metazona deplanate. Wings with tegmina fully developed. Abdomen more or less parallel-sided or a little expanded to last tergite; tergites punctulate. Ultimate tergite strongly transverse, smooth, with two small tubercles medially near posterior margin. Pygidium transverse, short, posterior margin truncate, straight or finely convex. Penultimate sternite broadly rounded posteriorly. Forceps various (Figs 159-161), generally a little depressed

98 basally, elliptical in cross-section medially, and cylindrical apically; inner margins with one smaller or larger tooth on the basal half, and sometimes a further one on the apical half. Genitalia (Fig. 162, gen.prep. No. 814, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN from Ternate in the Indonesia: Moluccas group) specific; central parameral plate comparatively long, oval, virga within genital lobe very long; external parameres characteristic, excision of apex rounded, inner lobe very narrow, spine-like, outer lobe obtuse, with rounded apex. - Female very similar to male, but forceps simple, tapering, contiguous. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 7 - 1 3 mm. Distribution: Sri Lanka, India, Malaysia, and Indonesia: Borneo, Ternate (Moluccas).

Fig. 159 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Schizoproreus delicatulus

Figs 160-161 Male ultimate tergite with various forceps of Schizoproreus delicatulus

(BURR). A f t e r BRINDLE.

(BURR). A f t e r BRINDLE.

4. Schizoproreus dentatus

Fig. 162 Male genital armature of Schizoproreus delicatulus

(BURR).

Original.

(SRIVASTAVA)

1976 Proreus dentatus SRIVASTAVA, Pacific Insects, 17 (1): 122; fig. 50 (anterior portion of body), 51 (male ultimate tergite with forceps), 52 (genitalia of holotype). - Terra typica: Mindanao (Type male, type No. 10.227: Bishop. Mus., Honolulu). 1987 Schizoproreus dentatus - STEINMANN, Annls hist.-nat. Mus. natn. hung., 79: 118. Literature: SAKAI, 1982; STEINMANN, 1983, 1989.

Description: Male general colour shiny blackish-brown or reddish-black; pronotum testaceous, brown laterally; abdomen reddish, and blackish on sides. Head depressed, frons a little tumid, occiput weakly raised, glabrous, slightly wider than long; sutures obsolate; posterior margin emarginate in the middle. Eyes small, slightly shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal

99 joint a little shorter than distance between antennal bases; second small, third stout, gently expanded apically, slightly longer than fourth and equal to fifth. Pronotum longer than wide, lateral margins straight, gently widened posteriorly; posterior margin rounded; median longitudinal furrow faint; prozona weakly raised, metazona flat. Tegmina and wings well developed, sparsely punctate; posterior margin of tegmina obliquely concave. Abdomen depressed, parallelsided, faintly punctate. Ultimate tergite transverse, longitudinal stripes of smooth and punctate areas alternating, faintly raised above bases of forceps and depressed in the middle. Pygidium short, rounded posteriorly. Penultimate sternite transverse, punctate, broadly rounded posteriorly, slightly emarginate in middle. Branches of forceps (Fig. 163) remote at base, stout, faintly trigonal in cross-section basally and medially; inner margins with a large triangular tooth, and a further tooth medially. Genitalia (Fig. 164) narrow; central parameral plate expanded apically, virga within genital lobe short, with a large sclerotized plate (after SRIVASTAVA) basally; external parameres with larger inner, and smaller outer lobes apically. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 8.5-9 mm. Distribution: Philippine Islands: Mindanao.

Fig. 163 Holotype ultimate tergite with forceps of Schizoproreus dentatus (SRIVASTAVA). After SRIVASTAVA.

Fig. 164 Holotype genital armature of Schizoproreus dentatus (SRIVASTAVA). After SRIVASTAVA.

Genus 16: Proreus

BURR

Proreus BURR, Trans, ent. Soc., London, 1 9 0 7 : 1 2 9 . - Species typica: Forficula simulons STÂL, I860. 1910 Erotesis BURR, Fauna brit. India, Dermaptera: 114. - Species typica: Spongiphore sphinx BURR, 1901 (for family Labiidae). 1907

99 joint a little shorter than distance between antennal bases; second small, third stout, gently expanded apically, slightly longer than fourth and equal to fifth. Pronotum longer than wide, lateral margins straight, gently widened posteriorly; posterior margin rounded; median longitudinal furrow faint; prozona weakly raised, metazona flat. Tegmina and wings well developed, sparsely punctate; posterior margin of tegmina obliquely concave. Abdomen depressed, parallelsided, faintly punctate. Ultimate tergite transverse, longitudinal stripes of smooth and punctate areas alternating, faintly raised above bases of forceps and depressed in the middle. Pygidium short, rounded posteriorly. Penultimate sternite transverse, punctate, broadly rounded posteriorly, slightly emarginate in middle. Branches of forceps (Fig. 163) remote at base, stout, faintly trigonal in cross-section basally and medially; inner margins with a large triangular tooth, and a further tooth medially. Genitalia (Fig. 164) narrow; central parameral plate expanded apically, virga within genital lobe short, with a large sclerotized plate (after SRIVASTAVA) basally; external parameres with larger inner, and smaller outer lobes apically. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 8.5-9 mm. Distribution: Philippine Islands: Mindanao.

Fig. 163 Holotype ultimate tergite with forceps of Schizoproreus dentatus (SRIVASTAVA). After SRIVASTAVA.

Fig. 164 Holotype genital armature of Schizoproreus dentatus (SRIVASTAVA). After SRIVASTAVA.

Genus 16: Proreus

BURR

Proreus BURR, Trans, ent. Soc., London, 1 9 0 7 : 1 2 9 . - Species typica: Forficula simulons STÂL, I860. 1910 Erotesis BURR, Fauna brit. India, Dermaptera: 114. - Species typica: Spongiphore sphinx BURR, 1901 (for family Labiidae). 1907

100 1911 Erotesis - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 64 (proposed synonymy with Proreus BURR, 1 9 0 7 ) . L i t e r a t u r e : BEY-BIENKO, 1 9 3 6 ; BRINDLE, 1 9 7 0 , 1 9 7 2 ; BURR, 1 9 1 2 , 1 9 1 6 ; GILES, 1 9 7 0 ; KAPOOR, 1 9 6 7 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 1 , 1 9 8 2 ; SHIRAKI, 1 9 2 8 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 7 5 , 1 9 8 3 , 1 9 8 7 , 1989; TOWNES, 1 9 4 5 .

Description: Head tumid, or a little depressed anteriorly, and flattened posteriorly; posterior margin emarginate. Antennae multi-jointed. Pronotum various, longer than wide, quadrate or transverse. Tegmina and wings well or fully developed. The species are smaller and weaker, and the colour is almost invariably some shade of red or brown. The forceps are of the same kind as in Chelisoches, but in the typical species the branches are slender. External parameres of the male genitalia without inner or outer lobe, outer margin generally convex. Distribution: Oriental and Indo-Australian regions. 18 species (and 6 species in the doubtful position).

Identification key to the species 1 1' 2 2' 3 3' 4 4' 5 5' 6 6' 7 7' 8 8' 9

Both branches of male forceps with characteristic depressed portion basally (Figs 165, 167, and 1 6 8 ) 2 Both branches of male forceps without depressed portion basally 4 Both branches of male forceps trigonal in cross-section basally; depressed portion is flange-like, ending in a large denticle, which is directed backwards (Fig. 165); ultimate tergite 1. Proreus orpheus, p. 101 with some minute tubercles and teeth near posterior margin Both branches of male forceps flattened basally, as in Figs 167-168; depressed portion not flange-like; ultimate tergite without sharp dorsal tubercles or teeth 3 Flattened portion of male forceps with crenulated parallel-sided, apical or cylindrical portion with two (sometimes one) sharp minute tubercles (Fig. 167 2. Proreus coalescens, p. 102 Flattened portion of male forceps with blunt, generally bifurcated lobes, and apical or cylindrical portion without inner teeth (Fig. 168) 3. Proreus variopictus, p. 103 Male forceps simple, longer or shorter, but inner margins without teeth 5 Male forceps armed with smaller or larger inner tooth or teeth 6 Male pygidium short, broadly rounded posteriorly; ultimate tergite strongly transverse; both branches of male forceps (Fig. 171) elongate, less arcuate 4. Proreus inermis, p. 105 Male pygidium hidden; ultimate tergite less transverse; both branches of male forceps (Fig. 172) very short, strongly arcuate 5. Proreus sobrius, p. 106 Both branches of male forceps with conspicuous sharp or obtuse dorsal tooth on basal portion (Figs 173, 175, 176, and 178) 7 Both branches of male forceps without dorsal tooth, but inner margins with (Figs 175 and 176), or without (Fig. 178) tooth or teeth 10 Ultimate tergite of male with a pair of sharp spine-like denticles medio-laterally near posterior margin (Fig. 173), and a further pair of smaller teeth medially . 6. Proreus tezpurensis, p. 107 Ultimate tergite of male without paired spine-like processes near posterior margin 8 Male pygidium very large and broad, not of Proreus-type (Fig. 175); both branches of male forceps with a fine or sharper dorsal edge medially 7. Proreus corporaali, p. 108 Male pygidium hidden or very short; both branches of male forceps without dorsal edge medially 9 Dorsal tooth of male forceps not sharp, directed backwards; inner margin with a larger and further smaller tubercles medially and apically (Fig. 176); male genitalia characteristic, central parameral plate very broad, as in Fig. 177 8. Proreus ludekingi, p. 109

101 9' Dorsal tooth of male forceps sharp, directed inwards; inner margin without teeth medially and apically (Fig. 178); male genitalia of Proreus-type, central parameral plate not widened strongly (Fig. 179) 9. Proreus torrevillasi, p. 110 10 Male ultimate tergite with specific projection, an outer pair with posterior margin truncate, and an inner pair of sharp tubercles medially (Fig. 181); female ultimate tergite similar to male, but with inner teeth smaller (Fig. 183) 10. Proreus simulans, p. 112 10' Ultimate tergite in both sexes otherwise 11 11 Inner margins of male forceps with three or more teeth 12 11' Inner margins of male forceps with one or two teeth 14 12 Smaller species, body length 7 mm without forceps; colour light brown; male pygidium scarcely projecting apically subtruncate; Philippinean species 11. Proreus minor, p. 113 12'Larger species, body length more than 10 mm without forceps; colour blackish brown generally; male pygidium hidden or sometimes distinct, but very short, transverse 13 13 Both branches of male forceps more or less straight, inner margins with three pairs of larger or smaller denticles (Fig. 184); female pygidium longer than wide, conspicuous (Fig. 186) 12. Proreus laetior, p. 114 13' Both branches of male forceps slightly curved on the basal portion, inner margins with specific basal, medial, and apical tooth or teeth (Fig. 187); female pygidium short, transverse, posterior margin with a small tubercle medially (Fig. 188) 13. Proreus duroides, p. 115 14 Male forceps without median tooth 15 14' Male forceps with median tooth 16 15 Male pygidium strongly transverse, posterior margin truncate or convex with pointed, small tubercles laterally (Fig. 189); male genitalia with comparatively short and broad central parameral plate (Fig. 190), external parameres swollen 14. Proreus unidentatus, p. 116 15' Male pygidium trigonal (Fig. 191); male genitalia with comparatively narrow and elongated central parameral plate (Fig. 192) 15. Proreus abdominalis, p. 117 16 Male forceps with the branches remote, not trigonal in cross-section basally, stout, and strongly arcuate with two minute teeth about the middle on the inner margins 16. Proreus cunctator, p. 118 16' Male forceps with the branches straight, trigonal in cross-section basally, and with one smaller or larger tooth about the middle of the inner margins 17 17 Median tooth of the male forceps very small; both branches straight, except apically, arcuate; in the apical portion with a very small tubercle (Fig. 194); central parameral plate of the male genitalia strongly widened, oval, robust (Fig. 195) 17. Proreus fuscipennis, p. 119 17' Median tooth of the male forceps large; both branches straight, but apex arcuate; in the apical portion without tubercles (Fig. 196); central parameral plate of the male genitalia comparatively narrow (Fig. 197) 18. Proreus weissi, p. 120

1. Proreus orpheus, sp.nov. Terra typica: Chimbu Vy, N. G. (Bismarck Rge), open, 5-7500 ft, Oct' 44, DARLINGTON, gen.prep. No. 983, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN (Type male: Termeszettudomanyi Muzeum, Budapest).

Description: Male general colour shiny black, posterior part of head, and postclypeus dark red; tegmina and wings dark brown; tarsi and apices of tibiae yellowish; cuticle finely punctate. Head rounded, finely tumid; postfrontal sutures indistinct; posterior margin convex in the middle. Eyes comparatively large, but shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae 17 — ( + ?) jointed; first joint long, but shorter than distance between antennal bases; second quadrate, third longer than fourth. Pronotum about as long as wide; lateral margins straight, expanded posteriorly, posterior angles and margin broadly rounded; median longitudinal furrow distinct, prozona tumid, metazona

102 deplanate. Tegmina normally developed, posterior margin truncate; wings short. Abdomen large, lateral margins more or less parallel; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 present. Ultimate tergite transverse, posterior portion of disc with some smaller and larger tubercles and teeth near posterior margin. Pygidium small, rounded in dorsal view. Penultimate sternite simple, broadly rounded posteriorly. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 165) specific, with inner lamellation basally, strongly trigonal in cross-section near laminated portion; inner margins of depressed part ending in a large tooth, white the projection directed backwards. Genitalia (Fig. 166, gen.prep. No. 983, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) characteristic; central parameral plate comparatively narrow, narrower than the width of external parameres; virga within genital lobe very long, external parameres widened medially, and extended apically. - Female unknown. Length of body with forceps: 16.5 mm. Distribution: Bismarck Archipelago.

Fig. 165 Holotype ultimate tergite with forceps of Proreus orpheus sp.n. Original.

2. Proreus coalescens

(BORELLI)

1927 Chelisoches coalescens BORELLI, Suppl. Ent., 15: 75. - Terra typica: Manila (Type male: Mus. Ist. Zool. sist. Univ., Torino) (holotype without penis). 1929 Proreus coalescens - HEBARD, Trans. Am. ent. Soc., 55: 338. 1976 Proreus coalescens-SRIVASTAVA, Misc. Publ. Occ., (Calcutta): 2:49 (Philippines and Sumatra). Literature: BRINDLE, 1971; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1968; SAKAI, 1971, 1982; STEINMANN, 1983, 1987, 1989.

103 Description: Male large, uniformly dull yellowish- or reddish-brown species, similar in general features to large specimens of simulans (STAL, 1 8 6 0 ) . Head rounded, a little depressed; frons tumid, postfrontal sutures distinct, posterior margin sinuate in the middle. Eyes comparatively small, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint well developed, but a little shorter than distance between antennal bases; second transverse, third typical, a little longer than fourth. Pronotum however is quadrate, lateral margins straight, posterior margin strongly convex; median longitudinal furrow present on the prozona. Tegmina and wings normally developed. Abdomen a little depressed, lateral glandular folds on tergite three small, but on fourth, large. Ultimate tergite transverse, depressed dorsally near posterior margin. Pygidium prominent, posterior margin convex. Penultimate sternite simple, broadly rounded posteriorly. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 167) strongly widened basally, with basal part forming an inner, dentated ridge which; apical part of forceps with two small tubercles on inner margins. Genitalia unknown to me. - Female very similar to male, but forceps tapering, contiguous, simple. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 1 5 . 5 - 1 7 mm. Distribution: Philippine Islands, and Indonesia: Sumatra.

Fig. 167 Holotype ultimate tergite with forceps of Proreus coalescens (BORELLI). Original.

3. Proreus variopictus (BORMANS) 1900 Chelisoches variopictus BORMANS, Annali Mus. civ. Stor. nat., Genova, (2) 20: 462. - Terra typica: Mentawei Island (Type male: Mus. civ. Stor. nat., Genova). 1900 Spongiphora rubiceps BURR, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., London, (9) 6: 89. -Terra typica: Java (Type male: Brit. Mus. Nat. Hist., London). 1 9 1 1 Spongiphora rubiceps - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 1 2 2 : 6 5 [proposed synonymy with variopictus (BORMANS, 1 9 0 0 ) ] . 1926 Chelisoches rubiceps - BORELLI, Treubia, Buitenzorg, 8: 268; fig. 5 a (male genitalia) (as valid taxon).

104 1932 Chelisoches rubiceps - BORELLI, Bull. Raffles Mus., Singapore, 7:91; fig. 8 (male ultimate tergite with forceps). 1968 Proreus variopictus - POPHAM & BRINDLE, Entomologist, London, 101: 134. Literature: KIRBY, 1 9 0 4 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 1 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 8 3 , 1 9 8 7 , 1 9 8 9 .

Description: Male general colour brownish-red, sometimes yellowish-brown; femora yellowish, but dark brown basally, and tibiae apically. Head rounded, flattened; frons normally developed, a little tumid; postfrontal sutures distinct; posterior margin emarginate in the middle. Eyes very small, essentially shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint well developed, about as long as distance between antennal bases; second quadrate, third typical, a little longer than fourth. Pronotum longer than wide; lateral margins straight, more or less parallel, posterior angles and margin broadly rounded, sometimes convex; median longitudinal furrow present. Tegmina and wings well developed, elongate. Abdomen comparatively short, broad, depressed; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 present. Ultimate tergite transverse, a little depressed medially near posterior margin. Pygidium present or hidden. Penultimate sternite broadly rounded posteriorly. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 168) comparatively short, strongly depressed and flattened basally, inner margins of flattened part various, generally with one or two large, blunt, obtuse denticle or denticles. Genitalia (Fig. 169, gen.prep. No. 349, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN from Sumatra) comparatively narrow; central parameral plate simple, elongate, virga within genital lobe long, sclerotized basal sacs moderately small. - Female very similar to male, but forceps contiguous, tapering, straight, inner margins

Fig. 168 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Proreus variopictus (BORMANS). Original.

Fig. 169 Male genital armature of Proreus variopictus

Original.

(BORMANS).

Fig. 170 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Proreus variopictus (BORMANS). Original.

105 crenulated basally (Fig. 170). - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 11-15,5 mm. Distribution: Philippine Islands, Malaysia, Indonesia: Sumatra, and Java. 4.

Proreus inermis

BEY-BIENKO

1959 Proreus inermis BEY-BIENKO, Ent. Obozr., Moscow, 38: 613; fig. 31 (male ultimate tergite with forceps). - Terra typica: China: Yunnan (Type male: u n k n o w n locality, perhaps in Peking Mus.). 1975 Proreus inermis - STEINMANN, Folia ent. hung., Budapest, 28: 158; fig. 23 (paratype ultimate tergite with forceps). L i t e r a t u r e : SAKAI, 1 9 7 1 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 8 3 , 1 9 8 7 ,

1989.

Description: Male general colour dark brownish-black, or brownish-red. Head broad, frons tumid, occiput strongly depressed; postfrontal sutures well marked; posterior margin excised in the middle. Eyes small, slightly shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint well developed, but a little shorter than distance between antennal bases; second transverse, third typical, a little longer than fourth. Pronotum longer than wide, lateral margins straight, posterior angles absent, posterior margin broadly rounded; prozona tumid, metazona deplanate; median longitudinal furrow present. Tegmina and wings normally developed. Abdomen fusiform, a little depressed, lateral glandular folds on tergite 3 - 4 prominent. Ultimate tergite strongly transverse, posterior margin trisinuate, the disc a little depressed medially and laterally, near posterior margin. Pygidium short, simple, convex posteriorly. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 171) very simple, arcuate, more or less cylindrical or a little elliptical in cross-section, inner margins without tubercles or teeth. I have seen a single male paratype in the Leningrad Museum, without its genital organs. - Female unknown to me. - Length of body with forceps: 15 mm. Distribution: China: Yunnan.

Fig. 171 Holotype ultimate tergite with forceps of Proreus inermis BEY-BIENKO. After BEY-BIENKO.

106 5.

Proreus sobrius

(BORMANS)

1884 Chelisoches sobrius BORMANS, Notes Leyden Mus., 6:188. - Terra typica: Sumatra (Type male: unknown locality). 1900 Chelisoches sobrius - BORMANS & KRAUSS, Das Tierreich, Berlin, 1 1 : 1 2 8 (in doubtful position). 1927 Proreus sobrius - HEBARD, Proc. Acad. nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 79: 43. 1968 Chelisoches sobrius - P O P H A M & BRINDLE, Entomologist, London, 1 0 1 : 134. 1976 Proreus sobrius - SRIVASTAVA, Misc. Publ. Occ., (Calcutta), 2: 50 (Sumatra, Borneo). 1982 Chelisoches sobrius - SAKAI, Bull. Daito Bunka Univ., Tokyo, 20: 44. 1987 Proreus sobrius - STEINMANN, Annls hist.-nat. Mus. natn. hung., 79: 117. Literature: BOESEMAN, 1954; B U R R , 1911; SAKAI, 1971, SRIVASTAVA, 1976; STEINMANN, 1983, 1989.

Description: Male general colour dark brown; tegmina brownish-yellow, wings darker, brownish along the internal margin, and pronotum yellowish near lateral margins. Head about as long as wide, frons tumid, occiput depressed; postfrontal sutures well marked; posterior margin emarginate in the middle. Eyes typical, considerably shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint long, but a little shorter than distance between antennal bases; second transverse; third cylindrical, moderately longer than fourth. Pronotum about as long as wide; lateral margins faintly convex; posterior margin rounded; median longitudinal furrow present on the prozona; metazona deplanate. Tegmina well, wings fully, developed. Abdomen normally developed, lateral margins parallel; lateral glandular fold on tergite 4 prominent. Ultimate tergite smooth, shiny, slightly tumid before insertions of forceps, the median area subconcave. Pygidium rectangular or hidden, sometimes (after BOESEMAN) with strong projecting lateral apical angles, but (after HEBARD) without a median rounded projection. Penultimate sternite simple, broadly rounded posteriorly. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 172) slightly depressed, very short, and strongly curved; inner margins without teeth. Genitalia unknown. - Female unknown. Length of body with forceps: 10-12 mm. Distribution: Indonesia: Sumatra, and Borneo.

Fig. 172 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Proreus sobrius (BORMANS). After BOESEMAN.

107 6.

Proreus tezpurensis

(SRIVASTAVA)

1969 Hamaxas tezpurensis SRIVASTAVA, Zool. Anz., Leipzig, 182:136; fig. 1 (penultimate sternite), 2 (male ultimate tergite with forceps), 3 (genitalia of holotype). - Terra typica: India (Type male: BHATTACHARYA'S Collection, Tezpur, India). 1976 Proreus tezpurensis - SRIVASTAVA, Misc. Publ. Occ., (Calcutta), 2: 50. 1982 Hamaxas tezpurensis - SAKAI, Bull. Daito Bunka Univ., Tokyo, 20: 45. 1987 Proreus tezpurensis - STEINMANN, Annls hist.-nat. Mus. natn. hung., 79: 117. L i t e r a t u r e : SAKAI, 1 9 7 1 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 8 3 ,

1989.

Description: Male head, antennae dark brown, pronotum dark brown with sides paler, tegmina brownish-yellow, legs light brown, abdomen and forceps blackish-brown. Head triangular, depressed but occiput slightly tumid; postfrontal sutures obliterated; posterior margin concave in the middle. Eyes very small, essentially shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae 19-jointed (after SRIVASTAVA), first joint a little shorter than distance between antennal bases; second transverse, third equal to the combined length of the second and fourth. Pronotum slightly longer than wide; lateral margins straight and parallel, posterior angles rounded, and posterior margin truncate; prozona gently tumid, median longitudinal furrow faint, metazona flat. Tegmina a little abbreviated, but longer than pronotum, posterior margin truncate. Wings rudimentary, not extending beyond tegmina. Abdomen a little depressed, smooth, glandular folds on third and fourth tergites prominent. Ultimate tergite transverse, with longitudinal stripes of punctures and oblong patches of smooth areas; posterior margin gently concave with two pairs of posteriorly directed small tubercles, first pair being situated on sides, over the bases of forceps close to inner margin, and second pair in the middle. Pygidium scarcely visible from

Fig. 173 Holotype ultimate tergite with forceps of Proreus tezpurensis (SRIVASTAVA).

Fig. 174 Holotype genital armature of Proreus tezpurensis (SRIVASTAVA). After

After SRIVASTAVA.

SRIVASTAVA.

108 above, vertical, trapezoidal. Penultimate sternite ample, broadly rounded with posterior margin feebly emarginate. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 173) remote and heavy at base, stout, depressed, strongly curved; with sharp, prominent dorsal tooth near pygidium. Genitalia (Fig. 174) comparatively small, narrow; central parameral plate elongate, virga within genital lobe very short, external parameres well developed. - Female similar to male, but penultimate sternite somewhat triangular with posterior margin obtusely rounded. Pygidium prominent, vertical, trapezoidal, posterior margin distinctly concave between lateral tubercles. Forceps straight, trigonal, slightly curved at apex; inner margins faintly crenulate. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 10.5-12 mm. Distribution: India. 7. Proreus corporaali

BOESEMAN

1954 Proreus corporaali BOESEMAN, Zool. Verh. Leiden, 21: 90; fig. 19e (male ultimate tergite with forceps), 19f (antenna). - Terra typica: Sibolangit (Type male: Inst. Taxon. Zool., Amsterdam, holotype without abdomen). L i t e r a t u r e : SAKAI, 1 9 7 1 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 8 1 , 1 9 8 3 , 1 9 8 7 ,

1989.

Description: Male general colour brownish-yellow, but head and pronotum orange; pronotum with a very dark brown anterior margin, and a testaceous metazona; tegnina and wings brown, a rather vague lighter longitudinal band along lateral margins; abdomen reddish-brown, pygidium black, and forceps lightly testaceous. Head rather flat, postfrontal sutures distinct; posterior margin emarginate in the middle. Eyes typical, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint well developed, but a little shorter than distance between antennal bases; second very short, third twice the length of second or slightly longer, fourth joint shorter, subconical. Pronotum more or less as long as wide, lateral margins straight, posterior margin rounded. Median longitudinal

V

Fig. 175 Holotype ultimate tergite with forceps of Proreus corporaali BOESEMAN. After BOESEMAN.

109 furrow distinct. Tegmina and wings normally developed. Abdomen a little depressed; punctulate. Ultimate tergite transverse, smooth, only slightly tumid before base of forceps, median part hardly concave. Pygidium with a steeply sloping basal part, gradually becoming less steep towards the sublaminate rectangular apical part. Penultimate sternite broadly rounded posteriorly. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 175) gently curved, with a blunt and slightly bicuspid internal tooth projecting above pygidium, and a small additional denticle dorso-caudate at the base of these teeth; an inner ventral ridge with a strong tooth at about one third the length of the forceps, a second at two-thirds or three-fifths, sometimes bicuspid, one or two inconspicuous denticles on distal third. Genitalia unknown. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 13.5 mm. Distribution: Indonesia, Sumatra. 8.

Proreus ludekingi (DOHRN)

1865 Lobophora ludekingi DOHRN, Stettiner ent. Ztg., 26: 73. - Terra typica: Sumatra (Type male: unknown locality). 1884 Chelisoches ludekingi - BORMANS, Notes Leyden Mus., 6: 199. 1907 Proreus ludekingi - BURR, Trans, ent. Soc., London, 1907: 131. 1954 Proreus ludekingi - BOESEMAN, Zool. Verh., Leiden, 21: 90 (Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Malay Peninsula). Literature: BORELLI, 1932; BRINDLE, 1971; BORMANS & KRAUSS, 1900; BURR, 1911; HEBARD, 1929; KIRBY, 1904; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1968; RAMAMURTHI, 1967; SAKAI, 1971, 1982; SRIVASTAVA, 1976; STEINMANN, 1979, 1983, 1987, 1989.

Description: Male head, median part of pronotum and legs light brown; anterior part of pronotum, distal antennal joints, tegmina (except medial, longitudinal yellowish patches) and wings dark brown, sometimes brownishblack; abdomen and forceps reddish. Head depressed; frons finely tumid, postfrontal sutures well marked; posterior margin convex. Eyes comparatively large, but shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint long, about as long as distance between antennal bases; second quadrate, third longer, about as long as sixth joint, fourth and fifth joints shorter. Pronotum considerably longer wide; lateral margins straight, slightly widened posteriorly, posterior margin broadly rounded; prozona gently tumid with well-marked median longitudinal furrow, metazona flat. Tegmina and wings well developed, tegmina with longitudinal, yellow patches well conspicuous. Abdomen elongate, a little depressed, all tergites finely punctulate. Ultimate tergite transverse, with four obtuse and irregular, varied projections near posterior margin. Pygidium hidden, or sometimes short, simple. Penultimate sternite broad, rounded posteriorly, but posterior margin truncate in the middle. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 176) with dorsal tooth or denticle various, generally not sharp, sometimes bifurcated, or obtuse; inner margin with further denticles medially and apically; branches more or less straight, less curved, except at apical portion,

110 strongly curved. Genitalia (Fig. 1 7 7 , after SRIVASTAVA, gen.prep. mounted to specimen) conspicuous; central parameral plate broad, virga within genital lobe short, external parameres well developed. Male genitalia (after RAMAMURTHI, 1967: 251; Fig. 31) very narrow, virga within genital lobe very long, external parameres comparatively small. - Female very similar to male, but pygidium transverse, and forceps slender, a little widened basally, cylindrical medially and apically. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 13-18 mm. Distribution: Oriental Region.

Fig. 176 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Proreus ludekingi (DOHRN). Original.

9.

Fig. 177 Male genital armature of Proreus ludekingi (DOHRN). Original.

Proreus torrevillasi

SRIVASTAVA

1976 Proreus torrevillasi SRIVASTAVA, Pacific Insects, 17(1): 123; fig. 53 (anterior portion of body), 54 (male ultimate tergite with forceps), 55 (genitalia of holotype). - Terra typica: Mindanao (Type male: Bishop Mus., Honolulu). Literature: SAKAI, 1982; STEINMANN, 1983, 1987, 1989.

Description: Male head reddish-testaceous, frons dark brown, occiput with two oblique brownish stripes; pronotum testaceous yellow, but lighter laterally and posteriorly; tegmina and wings blackish-brown, abdomen with forceps reddish. Head slightly longer than wide, smooth, glabrous, depressed, occiput very slightly raised, postfrontal sutures obliterated; posterior margin emarginate

Ill in the middle. Eyes essentially shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint about as long as distance between antennal bases, second transverse, third and fifth almost equal, fourth subclavate. Pronotum about as long as wide, convex anteriorly, sides straight, very slightly divergent posteriorly, posterior margin broadly rounded; median longitudinal furrow distinct. Tegmina well developed, wings short. Abdomen moderately convex, faintly punctate, parallel-sided; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 strongly developed. Ultimate tergite transverse, longitudinal stripes with alternating punctate and smooth areas, depressed in middle posteriorly with two pairs of minute tubercles, inner pair slightly larger, situated in the middle on either side of the median longitudinal sulcus, faintly tumid above roots of forceps with two small tubercles. Pygidium generally hidden. Penultimate sternite broadly rounded posteriorly with slight emargination in the middle. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 178) stout, short, depressed, faintly punctate, tapering, gradually curving from base to pointed apex; branches with a sharp dorsal tooth at basal portion. Genitalia (Fig. 179) comparatively narrow; central parameral plate strongly narrowed basally, expanded apically, virga within genital lobe medium size, external parameres somewhat resembling Schizoproreus-type, but not excised apically. - Female as male, but head with frons and occiput not differentiated; pygidium strongly declivent; forceps (Fig. 180) comparatively longer, less stout, inner margins strongly crenulated. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 10-11.5mm. Distribution: Philippine Islands: Mindanao.

Fig. 178 Holotype ultimate tergite with forceps of Proreus torrevillasi SRIVASTAVA. After

Fig. 179 Holotype genital armature of Proreus torrevillasi SRIVASTAVA.

Fig. 180 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Proreus torrevillasi SRIVASTAVA. After

SRIVASTAVA.

A f t e r SRIVASTAVA.

SRIVASTAVA.

112 10. Proreus simulans (STAL) I860 Forficula simulans STAL, Eugenies Resa Ins.: 302. - Terra typica: Java (Type male: Naturhist. Riksmus., Stockholm). 1860 Forficula modesta STAL, Eugenies Resa Ins.: 302. - Terra typica: Java (Type male: Naturhist. Riksmus., Stockholm). 1865 Lobophora simulans - DOHRN, Stettiner ent. Ztg., 26: 74. 1865 Lobophora modesta - DOHRN, Stettiner ent. Ztg., 26: 74. 1876 Chelisoches simulans - SCUDDER, Proc. Boston Soc. nat. Hist., 18: 309. 1900 Chelisoches simulans - BORMANS & KRAUSS, Das Tierreich, Berlin, 11: 87; fig. 34a (male in dorsal view), 34 b (female ultimate tergite with forceps). 1901 Spongophora sphinx BURR, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., London, (7) 6: 91. - Terra typica: Sarawak (Type male: Brit. Mus. nat. Hist., London). 1906 Labidurodes okinawaiensis SHIRAKI, Trans. Sapporo nat. Hist. Soc., 1: 92. - Terra typica: Okinawa (Type male: unknown locality). 1906 Labidurodes formosanus SHIRAKI, Trans. Sapporo nat. Hist. Soc., 1: 92; fig. 2 (male in dorsal view). - Terra typica: Formosa (Type male: unknown locality). 1910 Erotesis sphinx - BURR, Fauna brit. India, Dermaptera: 114. 1910 Proreus simulans - BURR, Fauna brit. India, Dermaptera: 137; fig. 85 (male in dorsal view) (Bombay, Bengal, Burma). 1911 Proreus simulans - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 64; pi. 5, fig. 21 (male in dorsal view), pi. 6, fig. 3 (antenna). 1911 Forficula modesta - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 64 [proposed synonymy with simulans

(STAL, I860)].

1911 Spongophora sphinx - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 64 [proposed synonymy with simulans

(STAL, I860)].

1913 Labidurodes okinawaiensis - BURR, Ent. Mitt., 2: 64 [proposed synonymy with simulans (STAL, I860)]. 1916 Proreus simulans - BURR, J1 R. microsc. Soc., London, 1916: 9; pi. 2, fig. 8 (male genitalia). 1928 Labidurodes formosanus - SHIRAKI, Insecta matsum., 3 (1): 14 [proposed synonymy with simulans ^STAL, I860)]. L i t e r a t u r e : BEY-BIENKO, 1936; 1959; BOESEMAN, 1954; BRINDLE, 1971; BURR, 1912; KIRBY, 1904; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1968; SAKAI, 1 9 7 1 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1976, 1983;STEINMANN, 1 9 7 4 , 1 9 7 9 , 1981, 1983, 1987, 1989.

Description: Male general colour orange-red or yellowish-brown varied with tawny; antennae red, head clar brick-red, tegmina orange-yellow, with a narrow dark band along the suture and the costal fold. Head depressed, but the frons a little tumid; postfrontal sutures distinct, posterior margin convex. Eyes small, considerably shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae 20-jointed (after BURR); first joint fully developed, long, longer than distance between antennal bases, second quadrate, third a little longer than fourth; fifth almost as long as third, the rest long, all cylindrical and slender. Pronotum longer than wide, slightly narrower than head, truncate anteriorly, slightly widened posteriorly, lateral margins straight, posterior angles absent, posterior margin rounded. Prozona somewhat tumid, orange-red; sides and metazona depressed, clear yellow. Tegmina long, rather narrow, smooth, wings prominent. Legs rather short, orange-yellow. Abdomen broad, depressed and parallel-sided; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct. Ultimate tergite ample, rectangular, smooth, with two small compressed tubercles in the middle, and crenulated obtuse projections on each side. Pygidium very short, transverse, not prominent.

113 Penultimate sternite broadly rounded posteriorly. Branches of forceps (Fig. 181), remote at the base, depressed but not dilated, rather slender, with a sharp triangular, sometimes bifurcated tooth on the inner margin medially (occasionally obsolete), and sometimes a second smaller tooth near apex. Genitalia (Fig. 182, gen.prep. No. 444, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN), very narrow; virga within genital lobe very long, external parameres moderately broad with acuminate apex. - Female similar to male, but pygidium larger (sometimes indistinct), and forceps (Fig. 183) almost straight, remote at base, and inner margins crenulate. Length of body with forceps: male: 14-15 mm, female: 13-14 mm. Distribution: Oriental region.

Fig. 181 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Proreus simulans (STÀL). Original.

Fig. 182 Male genital armature of Proreus simulans (STÀL). Original.

Fig. 183 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Proreus simulans (STÀL). Original.

11. Proreus minor (CAUDELL) 1904 Auchemonus minor CAUDELL, Jl. New York Ent. Soc., 12: 108. - Terra typica: Luzon (Type male, type No. 7885: U.S. nation. Mus., Washington). 1910 Proreus minor - BURR, Proc. U . S . natn. Mus., Washington, 3 8 : 458. Literature: BURR, 1 9 1 1 ; P O P H A M & B R I N D L E , 1968;SAKAI, 1971,1982; SRIVASTAVA, 1976; STEINMANN, 1983, 1987, 1989.

Description: Male general colour light brown; antennae, frons, tips of the tegmina and the dorsal surface of the abdomen a little darker, and the projecting portions of the wings lighter. Head rounded, a little depressed; postfrontal sutures distinct; posterior margin convex. Eyes small, shorter than the length of

114 head behind eyes. Antennae 19-jointed; first a little shorter than distance between antennal bases, second very small, third, fourth and fifth joints subequal in length, less than twice as long as wide. Pronotum slightly longer than wide, lateral margins more or less straight, and a little widened posteriorly; posterior margin rounded. Tegmina about twice as long as pronotum, apically broadly concave; wings extending beyond the tips of the tegmina for a distance equal to the width of the pronotum. Abdomen depressed, lateral margins parallel. Ultimate tergite transverse, smooth, simple. Pygidium scarcely projecting, apically subtruncate. Penultimate sternite typical, broadly rounded posteriorly. Both branches of forceps slender and incurved, and armed on the inner margin on the basal half with three or four variably sized teeth (the holotype having four minute teeth on the right branch and two larger and one small one on the left). Genitalia unknown. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 9 mm. Distribution: Philippine Islands: Luzon. 12. Proreus laetior

(DOHRN)

1865 Lobophora laetior DOHRN, Stettiner ent. Ztg., 26: 73. - Terra typica: Batchian (Type female: presumably in the Zool. Inst., Warszawa). 1879 Lobophora laetior - DUBRONY, Annali Mus. civ. Stor. nat., Genova, 14: 374; figs (female in dorsal view, female and male ultimate tergite with forceps). 1900 Chelisoches laetior - BORMANS & KRAUSS, Das Tierreich, Berlin, 11: 87. 1907 Proreus laetior - BURR, Trans, ent. Soc., London, 1907: 130. 1972 Proreus laetior - BRINDLE, Insecta of Micronesia, 5 (2): 163; fig. 18 a (male in dorsal view), 18b (male genitalia), 18c (female forceps) (Celebes, New Guinea, Bismarck Archipelago, and Solomon Islands). Literature: BORELLI, 1 9 2 6 ; BRINDLE, 1970; BURR, 1 9 1 1 ; KIRBY, 1 9 0 4 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 1 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 ; STEINMANN, 1983, 1 9 8 7 , 1 9 8 9 .

Description: Male head, anterior and medial parts of pronotum, abdomen with forceps, shiny black; antennae brown, lateral and posterior parts of pronotum, legs yellowish, tegmina and wings reddish-orange medially, darker brown on the lateral and sutural portions. Head longer than wide, strongly depressed; postfrontal sutures well marked; posterior margin convex. Eyes very small, considerably shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint long, a little longer than distance between antennal bases; second quadrate, third a little longer than fourth. Pronotum longer than wide, lateral margins straight, finely widened posteriorly; prozona tumid, median longitudinal furrow indistinct; metazone flat. Tegmina and wings well developed. Abdomen elongate, all tergites punctate; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 prominent. Ultimate tergite transverse, smooth, a little depressed medially near posterior margin; last margin trisinuate. Pygidium hidden or very short, transverse. Penultimate sternite typical, broadly rounded posteriorly. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 184) straight, a little elliptical in cross-section basally and medially, cylindrical apically; inner margins with three pairs of smaller or larger obtuse teeth. Genitalia (Fig. 1 8 5 , gen.prep. No. 8 9 0 , det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) with central

115 parameral plate small, oval; virga within genital lobe comparatively long, external parameres of Proreus-type, broad, and acuminate apically. - Female very similar to male, but pygidium prominent, elongate, narrower or broader, apex pointed or shorter, truncate; forceps, as in Fig. 186. - Length of body with forceps: male: 11-14 mm, female: 10.5-16 mm. Distribution: Indonesia: Borneo, and Celebes; New Guinea, Bismarck Islands, and Solomon Islands.

Fig. 184 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Proreus laetior (DOHRN). After BRINDLE.

Fig. 185 Male genital armature of Proreus laetior (DOHRN). After BRINDLE.

13. Proreus duroides

Fig. 186 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Proreus laetior (DOHRN). After BRINDLE.

HEBARD

1933 Proreus duroides HEBARD, Mem. Queensl. Mus., 10 (3): 151; fig. 1 (male ultimate tergite with forceps), 2 (ditto, female). - Terra typica: Queensland (Type male, type No. 1220: HEBARD'S Collection). Literature: POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1968; SAKAI, 1971, 1982; STEINMANN, 1983, 1987, 1989.

Description: Male head, proximal portions of antennae, abdomen with forceps shiny blackish-brown; pronotum and tegmina very slightly paler, the former with narrow lateral portions which widen caudad, translucent brown; wings cream colour. Head large, wider than pronotum, moderately flattened; posterior margin convex. Eyes small, clearly shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint elongate, about as long as distance between antennal bases, and almost equal to combined length of second, third and fourth jointo; third joint half again as long as wide, subpyriform. Pronotum glabrous, longer than wide, lateral margins very faintly divergent to the rather broadly convex

116 posterior margin. Tegmina and wings fully developed, glabrous. Abdomen a little flattened, surface microscopically very finely punctate. Ultimate tergite transverse, posterior portion conspicuously tuberculate. Pygidium hidden or vertical, simple, rounded with apex truncate. Penultimate sternite with apex broadly and shallowly emarginate. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 187) well developed, curved on the basal portion; elliptical in cross-section; inner margins with basal, medial and apical tubercles. Genitalia unknown. -Female similar to male, but forceps (Fig. 188) short, simple, tapering. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 13-15 mm. Distribution: Australia: Queensland.

14.

Proreus unidentatus

BEY-BIENKO

1970 Proreus unidentatus BEY-BIENKO, Zool. Zh., Moscow, 49: 1817; pi. 2, fig. 5 (male ultimate tergite with forceps), 6 (genitalia of holotype). - Terra typica: China: Yunnan (Type male: Zool. Inst. Mus. Acad. Sci. USSR, Leningrad). L i t e r a t u r e : SAKAI, 1 9 8 2 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 7 5 , 1 9 8 3 , 1 9 8 7 ,

1989.

Description: Male general colour dark brownish-red; head ochraceous-yellow, antennae dark with some basal joints light. Head rounded, frons tumid, occiput depressed; postfrontal sutures distinct; posterior margin of head convex. Eyes small, considerably shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint comparatively long, about as long as distance between antennal bases; second transverse, third slightly longer than fourth. Pronotum a little longer than wide, lateral margins straight, slightly widened posteriorly; median longitudinal furrow distinct; prozona tumid, metazona typical, flat. Tegmina and wings

117 normally developed, elongate. Abdomen a little depressed, all tergites finely punctate; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 prominent. Ultimate tergite simple, transverse, a little depressed medially near posterior margin, posterior part of disc with very fine tubercles. Pygidium short, transverse, posterior margin convex, with two small tubercles laterally. Penultimate sternite broad, rounded posteriorly. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 189) elliptical in cross-section basally and medially, cylindrical apically, inner margins with only one denticle on apical portion. Genitalia (Fig. 190) very broad; central parameral plate wide, and comparatively short, genital lobe of anterior margin medium long at rest, not reaching the apices of external parameres, but extending beyond their middle. Base of external parameres narrow, medially strongly widened, lateral margins there arcuately rounded, apices narrowly elongated. - Female unknown. Length of body with forceps: 15-17 mm. Distribution: China: Yunnan.

Fig. 189 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Proreus unidentatus BEY-BIENKO.

Fig. 190 Holotype genital armature of Proreus unidentatus BEY-BIENKO.

After BEY-BIENKO.

After BEY-BŒNKO.

15. Proreus abdominalis

RAMAMURTHI

1965 Proreus abdominalis RAMAMURTHI Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., London, (13) 8: 61; fig. 8 (male ultimate tergite with forceps). 9 (female forceps), 10 (genitalia of holotype). - Terra typica: India (Type male: RAMAMURTHI'S Collection). L i t e r a t u r e : BHARADWAJ & KAPOOR, 1 9 7 0 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 1 , 1 9 8 2 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 8 3 , 1 9 8 7 , 1 9 8 9 .

Description: Male head orange-red, tegmina flavous with fuscous bands along humeral and suturai margins, abdomen piceous. Head depressed, postfrontal sutures distinct; posterior margin convex. Eyes very small, considerably shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae 22-jointed; first elongate, but a

118 little shorter than distance between antennal bases; second short, third, fourth and fifth short, cylindrical, the rest gradually elongated and subcylindrical. Pronotum longer than wide, lateral margins straight, posterior margin rounded; prozona tumid, orange-red with narrow dark bands on either side of the furrow. Tegmina and wings well developed. Abdomen a little depressed, parallel-sided, tergites punctate with scarce pubescence. Ultimate tergite transverse, simple, smooth. Pygidium triangular, small. Penultimate sternite ample, broadly rounded posteriorly. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 191) slender, slightly broader at base, arcuate, inner margins irregularly serrated and with a few tubercles in the basal half, and a distinct subapical tooth. Genitalia (Fig. 192) very narrow and elongate; central parameral plate finely oval, virga within genital lobe very long; external parameres widened medially with apex pointed. Female as male, but pygidium broad, convex posteriorly, forceps (Fig. 193) simple, straight, inner margins with uniform serration. - Length of body with forceps: male: 16-20 mm, female: 19 mm. Distribution: India.

Fig. 191 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Proreus abdominalis RAMAMURTHI. After

Fig. 192 Holotype genital armature of Proreus abdominalis RAMAMURTHI. A f t e r RAMAMURTHI.

RAMAMURTHI.

Fig. 193 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Proreus abdominalis RAMAMURTHI. After RAMAMURTHI.

16. Proreus cunctator

BURR

1911 Proreus cunctator BURR, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 7(11): 789. - Terra typica: India (Type male: Brit. Mus. nat. Hist., London). Literature: POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 1 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1976; STEINMANN, 1 9 8 3 , 1 9 8 7 , 1989.

119 Description: Male general colour blackish to dark brown; tegmina orangeyellow, with indistinct narrow fuscous bands along the suture and costal margin. Head broad, flattened; postfrontal sutures distinct; posterior margin convex in the middle. Eyes small, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint black, stout, shorter than distance between antennal bases; second transverse, third longer, but not very much longer than fourth; fourth nearly as long as third, the rest a little longer, all slender and subcylindrical. Pronotum a little longer than wide, lateral margins parallel, posterior margin gently rounded; median longitudinal furrow distinct. Tegmina comparatively short, scarcely longer than the pronotum, truncate posterorly. Wings absent. Abdomen depressed, more or less parallel-sided. Ultimate tergite ample, smooth, transverse, posterior margin trisinuate, with a short, conical, minute tubercle above on each side of the middle. Pygidium not prominent, transverse. Penultimate sternite broadly rounded posteriorly. Branches of forceps remote, a little depressed, but not trigonal in cross-section; stout and strongly arcuate with two minute teeth about the middle of the inner margins (only cyclolabic form is known). - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 7-8.5 mm. Distribution: India. 17. Proreus fuscipennis ( D E

HAAN)

1842 Forficula (Psalidophora) fuscipennis DE HAAN, Verh. nat. Gesch. Nederl. Overz. Bezitt. Orth.: 241. - Terra typica: Sumatra (Type male: Rijksmus. Natuurl. Hist., Leiden). 1865 Lobophora fuscipennis - DOHRN, Stettiner ent. Ztg., 26: 75. 1900 Chelisoches fuscipennis - BORMANS & KRAUSS, Das Tierreich, Berlin 11: 86; fig. 33a (male in dorsal view), 33 b (female forceps). 1912 Proreus fuscipennis - ZACHER, Z. wiss. Insektenbiol., 8: 279; fig. 5 (male genitalia). 1926 Chelisoches fuscipennis - BORELLI, Boll. Musei Zool. Anat. comp. Univ., Torino, 1: 6; fig. 6 (male forceps), 6a (male genitalia). 1932 Proreus fuscipennis - BORELLI, Bull. Raffles Mus., Singapore, 7: 90. Literature: BOESEMAN, 1954; BURR, 1911; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1968; SAKAI, 1971, 1982; SRIVASTAVA, 1976; STEINMANN, 1983, 1987, 1989.

Description: Male general colour dark reddish-brown, head and forceps reddish, sometimes head orange. Head large, frons a little tumid, occiput depressed; postfrontal sutures distinct; posterior margin emarginate in the middle. Eyes comparatively large, but a little shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae 18-jointed (after BORMANS); first joint well developed, about as long as distance between antennal bases; second transverse, third slightly longer than fourth, and fourth slightly shorter than fifth. Pronotum longer than wide, lateral margins more or less straight or a little concave, and slightly narrowed posteriorly; prozona tumid, with short median longitudinal furrow, metazona flat. Tegmina and wings fully developed. Abdomen a little flattened, lateral margins parallel; all tergites finely punctulate, except last tergite, which is smooth, glabrous. Ultimate tergite large, simple, but a little depressed medially near posterior margin; posterior margin trisinuate. Pygidium distinct, a

120 little transverse, posterior margin convex. Penultimate sternite broadly rounded posteriorly. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 194) straight, a little trigonal in cross-section basally, but dorsal ridge faint; inner margins with a short crenulated section basally, a sharp, but minute tooth medially, and a very small dorsal tubercle on the apical portion. Genitalia (Fig. 195, gen.prep. No. 348, det. Dr. H . STEINMANN) specific; central parameral plate broad, oval; virga within genital lobe comparatively short, external parameres strongly broadened medially, with pointed apex. - Female similar to male, but forceps simple, tapering, contiguous. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 16-19 mm. Distribution: Indonesia: Sumatra, Java; Malaysia, and New Guinea.

Proreus fuscipennis (DE HAAN). Original.

fuscipennis (DE HAAN). Original.

18. Proreus weissi

(BURR)

Mecomera weissi BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. London, 1 9 0 4 : 3 0 2 . - Terra typica: Tonkin (Type male: Mus. nation. Hist, nat., Paris). 1911 Proreus weissi - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 1 2 2 : 64. 1 9 1 6 Proreus weissi- BORELLI, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. Univ., Torino, 3 1 ( 7 1 5 ) : 5 (Mindanao). 1 9 5 9 Proreus weissi (subsp.?) - BEY-BIENKO, Ent. Obozr., Moscow, 3 8 : 6 1 3 (China: Yunnan). 1 9 7 5 Proreus weissi-STEINMANN, Folia ent. hung. 2 8 : 1 5 8 ; fig. 2 3 (male abdominal end with forceps). 1904

L i t e r a t u r e : BURR, 1 9 1 2 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 1 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 ; STEINMANN, 1983, 1987,

1989.

121 Description: Male head black; first antennal joint black, joints 2 - 5 , and 14, yellow, and 6-13, dark brown; body with legs generally yellowish. Head rounded, a little flattened; postfrontal sutures indistinct; posterior margin faintly convex in the middle. Eyes small, essentially shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint shorter than distance between antennal bases, second very short, transverse, third short, but a little longer than fourth. Pronotum longer than wide, lateral margins straight, and widened posteriorly, posterior angles rounded, posterior margin convex; median longitudinal furrow faint. Tegmina and wings well developed. Abdomen depressed, all tergites punctulate. Ultimate tergite transverse, smooth, finely depressed medially near posterior margin. Pygidium distinct, transverse, simple. Penultimate sternite typical, broadly rounded posteriorly. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 196) short, stout, a little trigonal in cross-section basally, inner margins with a larger median tooth, and sometimes a further smaller tooth on apical half. Genitalia (Fig. 197, gen. prep. No. 532, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) typical, of Proreus-type; central parameral plate well developed, broad, virga within genital lobe comparatively long, external parameres broadened on outer margin with pointed apex. Female similar to male, but pygidium longer, forceps (Fig. 198) slender, elongate, a little depressed, simple, inner margins without teeth. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 9 - 1 3 mm. Distribution: Philippine Islands: Mindanao; Vietnam, and Southern China.

Fig. 196 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Proreus weissi ( B U R R ) . Original.

Fig. 197 Male genital armature of Proreus weissi (BURR). Original.

Fig. 198 Female forceps of Proreus weissi ( B U R R ) . Original.

122 Doubtful position ? Proreus horsfieldi

(KIRBY)

1891 Sparatta horsfieldi KIRBY, J. Linn. Soc. London, 23: 519. - Terra typica: Java (Type female: Brit. Mus. N a t . Hist., London - lost). 1911 Proreus horsfieldi - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 64.

? Proreus coloratus

(BURR)

1906 Labidurodescoloratus BURR, Nova Guinea, 5 : 9 . - T e r r a typica: New Guinea (Type female: Inst. Tax. Zool. Amsterdam - lost). 1954 Proreus coloratus - BOESEMAN, Zool. Verh., Leiden, 21: 90; fig. 19c (hind leg), 19d (female forceps). 1966 Anisolabis coloratus - POPHAM, Entomologist, London, 99: 274. 1970 Anisolabis coloratus - SAKAI, Derm. Cat. Prael., Tokyo, 1: 66. 1971 Proreus coloratus - SAKAI, Derm. Cat. Prael., Tokyo, 6: 83.

? Proreus longiforceps 1962 Proreus longiforceps unknown).

RAMAMURTHI

RAMAMURTHI, Ent. Loyola Coll., 3: 41. - Terra typica: India (Type

? Proreus ramamurthii

KAPOOR

1967 Proreus ramamurthii KAPOOR, Oriental Insects, 1: 55. - Terra typica: South India (Type male: Zool. Coll. surv. India, Calcutta).

? Proreus chatterjeei

KAPOOR, BHARADWAJ & BENERJEE

1971 Proreus chatterjeei KAPOOR, BHARADWAJ & BENERJEE, Bull. Ent., 12 (1): 33. - Terra typica: India (Type male: Zool. Coll. surv. India, Calcutta).

? Proreus biratnagarensis

KAPOOR, MALLA & SHAH

1978 Proreus biratnagarensis KAPOOR, MALLA & SHAH, J. nat. Hist. Mus., Kathmandu, 2: 58. - Terra typica: Nepal (Type male: unknown). Fig. 1 (male ultimate tergite with forceps), 2 (male penultimate sternite), 3 (male genitalia), 4 (female ultimate tergite with forceps).

Family 7: Forficulidae

STEPHENS

1829 Forficulidae STEPHENS, Cat. Brit. Ins., 1: 299 (in Orthoptera). - Genus typicum: Forficula LINNAEUS, 1 7 5 8 .

1900 Forficulidae - BORMANS & KRAUSS, Das Tierreich, Berlin, 11: 1 (for all species in order Orthoptera). 1907 Forficulidae - BURR, Trans, ent. Soc., London, 1907: 91 (key to subfamilies: Chelidurinae, Anechurinae, Eudohrninae, Diaperasticinae, Opisthocosmiinae, Ancistrogasterinae, Forficulinae, Skendylinae, Neolobophorinae, Eparchinae, and Doratinae - in order Dermaptera). 1911 Forficulidae- BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 68 (key to subfamilies: Chelidurinae, Anechurinae, Forficulinae, Eudohrninae, Neolobophorinae, Ancistrogastrinae, Opisthocosmiinae, and Diaperasticinae).

122 Doubtful position ? Proreus horsfieldi

(KIRBY)

1891 Sparatta horsfieldi KIRBY, J. Linn. Soc. London, 23: 519. - Terra typica: Java (Type female: Brit. Mus. N a t . Hist., London - lost). 1911 Proreus horsfieldi - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 64.

? Proreus coloratus

(BURR)

1906 Labidurodescoloratus BURR, Nova Guinea, 5 : 9 . - T e r r a typica: New Guinea (Type female: Inst. Tax. Zool. Amsterdam - lost). 1954 Proreus coloratus - BOESEMAN, Zool. Verh., Leiden, 21: 90; fig. 19c (hind leg), 19d (female forceps). 1966 Anisolabis coloratus - POPHAM, Entomologist, London, 99: 274. 1970 Anisolabis coloratus - SAKAI, Derm. Cat. Prael., Tokyo, 1: 66. 1971 Proreus coloratus - SAKAI, Derm. Cat. Prael., Tokyo, 6: 83.

? Proreus longiforceps 1962 Proreus longiforceps unknown).

RAMAMURTHI

RAMAMURTHI, Ent. Loyola Coll., 3: 41. - Terra typica: India (Type

? Proreus ramamurthii

KAPOOR

1967 Proreus ramamurthii KAPOOR, Oriental Insects, 1: 55. - Terra typica: South India (Type male: Zool. Coll. surv. India, Calcutta).

? Proreus chatterjeei

KAPOOR, BHARADWAJ & BENERJEE

1971 Proreus chatterjeei KAPOOR, BHARADWAJ & BENERJEE, Bull. Ent., 12 (1): 33. - Terra typica: India (Type male: Zool. Coll. surv. India, Calcutta).

? Proreus biratnagarensis

KAPOOR, MALLA & SHAH

1978 Proreus biratnagarensis KAPOOR, MALLA & SHAH, J. nat. Hist. Mus., Kathmandu, 2: 58. - Terra typica: Nepal (Type male: unknown). Fig. 1 (male ultimate tergite with forceps), 2 (male penultimate sternite), 3 (male genitalia), 4 (female ultimate tergite with forceps).

Family 7: Forficulidae

STEPHENS

1829 Forficulidae STEPHENS, Cat. Brit. Ins., 1: 299 (in Orthoptera). - Genus typicum: Forficula LINNAEUS, 1 7 5 8 .

1900 Forficulidae - BORMANS & KRAUSS, Das Tierreich, Berlin, 11: 1 (for all species in order Orthoptera). 1907 Forficulidae - BURR, Trans, ent. Soc., London, 1907: 91 (key to subfamilies: Chelidurinae, Anechurinae, Eudohrninae, Diaperasticinae, Opisthocosmiinae, Ancistrogasterinae, Forficulinae, Skendylinae, Neolobophorinae, Eparchinae, and Doratinae - in order Dermaptera). 1911 Forficulidae- BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 68 (key to subfamilies: Chelidurinae, Anechurinae, Forficulinae, Eudohrninae, Neolobophorinae, Ancistrogastrinae, Opisthocosmiinae, and Diaperasticinae).

123 1915 Forficulidae- ZACHER, Zool. Anz., Leipzig, 45: 528 (in superfamily Forficulales, in the suborder Eudermaptera). 1954 Forficulidaes - auct. - BRUES, MELANDER & CARPENTER, Classification of Insects, Cambridge (Mass.): 116 (key to families: Cheliduridae, Anechuridae, Forficulidae, Eudohrnidae, Neolobophoridae, Ancistrogastridae, Opisthocosmiidae, and Diaperaticidae). 1965 Forficulidae - POPHAM, Entomologist, London, 98: 134 (key to subfamilies: Anechurinae, Forficulinae, Eudohrninae, Neolobophorinae, Ancistrogastrinae, Opisthocosmiinae, and Diaperasticinae). 1975 Forficulidae - STEINMANN, Acta zool. hung., 21: 215 (key to subfamilies: Ancistrogastrinae, Sarcinatrinae, Cosmiellinae, Opisthocosmiinae, Diaperasticinae, Allodahlinae, Anechurinae, Eudohrninae, Rhyacolabinae, Neolobophorinae, and Forficulinae). 1989 Forficulidae - STEINMANN, World Catalogue of Dermaptera, Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, p. 648 (revision and systematical list). Literature: BEY-BIENKO, 1936; BOESEMAN, 1954; BORELLI, 1926; BRINDLE, 1968, 1973; BURR, 1904, 1 9 1 0 , 1 9 1 2 , 1 9 1 6 ; CHOPARD, 1922; DOHRN, 1965; CAUDELL, 1913; HINCKS, 1 9 3 8 , 1 9 5 7 ; KAPOOR, 1967; KIRBY, 1904; KEVAN, 1951; MACCAGNO, 1933; REICHARDT, 1971; RAMME, 1929; REHN, 1924; SAKAI, 1971, 1982; STRIVASTAVA, 1976; STEINMANN, 1981, 1989; SHIRAKI, 1928; TILLYARD, 1926; TOWNES, 1945.

Description: A large family in the suborder Eudermaptera, the insects are about equal in size to those of the family Labiidae, but the species of the Forficulidae are typically larger; the family is distinctive in the structure of the second tarsal segment. The third tarsal joint (praetarsus) is usually about half as long as the first, and generally cylindrical. In the other Forficulidae and genera Tagalina (Pygidicranidae) it is widened and dilated into a heart-shaped lobe, or euplantula. Arolium absent between the claws. Generally winged or secondarily apterous species. Tegmina fully developed, abbreviated, rudimentary and represented by lateral flaps, which can also be absent. Male forceps various, generally symmetrical, with inner margins toothed or simple, unarmed. The male genitalia are much simpler in structure than in most other families, those the genus Forfícula being particularly uniform in structure in the different species. The characteristic features of the forficulid male genital armature are the weakly sclerotized external parameres, and the often short virga, which is widened basally to form a basal vesicle. This is more typical of the Forficulinae and Diaperasticinae, and some species of the other subfamilies have a simple virga without a basal vesicle. Distribution: Nearly all over the World. 8 subfamilies. Identification key to the subfamilies 1

Antennal joint 4 more or less longer than joint 3, but never shorter; all antennal joints relatively long, and narrow (except Liparura BURR, 1907) 2 1' Antennal joint 4 visibly shorter than joint 3; proximal joints relatively short, and wider . 5 2 Mesosternum wide, more or less transversal, generally visibly wider than long. American species groups subfamily 1: Ancistrogastrinae, p. 124 2' Mesosternum quadratic, about as long as wide 3 3 Tibia short; when stretched posteriorad, hind tibia by far not reaching base of forceps, terminating usually in middle of abdomen. Not araneiform earwig. Forceps comparatively short, their inner margins usually with lamelliform teeth, or much elongated. Pygidium

124

3' 4

4'

5 5' 6

6'

7

7'

lamelliform, wide and flat in dorsal view. Male genitalia simple, external parameres moderately long. African species subfamily 4: Diaper astieinae, p. 355 Tibia long and thin; when streched posteriorad, hind tibia reaching or considerably projecting beyond base of forceps. Slightly araneiform earwig 4 Lateral margins of tegmina with a longitudinal ridge-like edge. Tegmina shortened, occasionally also vestigal, or wholly developed. Male forceps very characteristic: simple, originating near each other or removed from each other. Male genitalia wider or narrower, in latter case the external parameres narrower or wider. Generally distributed subfamily 2: Cosmiellinae, p. 163 Lateral margins of tegmina without a ridge-like edge. In some species tegmina also very abbreviated, and wings absent. Forceps long, thin, elongate, and together with the long legs, suggesting a thin-legged araneiform animal. Male genitalia comparatively wide, external parameres relatively large, the enclosed genital lobe at rest longer or shorter than parameral apex, it may be slightly shorter, well visibe so. Generally distributed subfamily 3: Opisthocosmiinae, p. 240 6 Mesosternum wide, transverse, visibly wider than long. Body generally squat, abdomen wide Mesosternum quadratic, about as wide as long. Body generally more slender, abdomen narrowed 7 Lateral margins of tegmina with a longitudinal ridge-like edge. Palaearctical and Oriental species with highly characteristic, convex ("hump-backed") tegmina subfamily 5: AUodahlinae, p. 365 Lateral margins of tegmina without ridge-like edge. Tegmina various, represented by lateral flaps, rudimentary, abbreviated or normally developed. Squat and compact dermapterans with a wide body. Palaearctical and Oriental species subfamily 6: Anechurinae, p. 387 Forceps thin, awl-shaped, basal section of ita inner margins not flattened, not lamelliform. Elongated forceps with a small tooth only near base beside pygidium, and with minute, setiform teeth in inner margin, or inner margins of forceps visibly and widely at basal section, there serrately or finely dentate subfamily 7: Neolobophorinae, p. 478 Forceps wider, in the majority of species visibly and lamellately flattened dorso-ventrally, not awl-, but pincer-shaped, weakly arcuate, elongate, inner margins finely dentate or inner margins variously widened in basal portion; this basal widening broad or serrately narrow, the latter case also can hove a single tooth present beyond serrate section, or tooth absent, or the teeth not inclinate and opposite each other but projecting dorsally subfamily 8: Forflculinae, p. 500

Subfamily 1: Ancistrogastrinae 1902 Ancistrogastrinae

VERHOEFF

VERHOEFF, Zool. Anz., Leipzig, 25 (665): 193. - Genus typicum:

Ancistroga-

ster STAL, 1 8 5 5 .

1910 1911 1912 1916 1954 1965 1969 1971 1975

Ancistrogastrinae (as tribe) - ZACHER, Beitr. Rev. Derm.: 33. Ancistrogastrinae - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 84 (key to genera). Ancistrogastrinae - ZACHER, Zeitschr. Wiss. Insektenbiol., 8: 283. Ancistrogastrinae - BURR, JL. R. Microsc. Soc., London, 1916: 17. Ancistrogastridae - BRUES, MELANDER & CARPENTER, Classification of Insects, Cambridge (Mass.): 117. Ancistrogastrinae - POPHAM, Entomologist, London, 98: 135. Ancistrogastrinae - BRINDLE, Entomologist's month. Mag., 105:113 (proposed synonymy with Opisthocosmiinae). Ancistrogastrinae - REICHARDT, Pap. Avulsos zool. S. Paulo, 24 (12): 171. Sarcinatricinae STEINMANN, Acta zool. hung., 21: 216. - Genus typicum: Sarcinatrix REHN, 1903.

1975 Rhyacolabinae 1921.

STEINMANN, Acta zool. hung., 21: 219. - Genus typicum: Rhyacolabis

REHN,

125 1989 Sarcinatricinae - STEINMANN, World Catalogue of Dermaptera, p. 650 (proposed synonymy with Ancistrogastrinae VERHOEFF, 1989 Rhyacolabinae - STEINMANN, World Catalogue of Dermaptera, p. 650 (proposed synonymy with Ancistrogastrinae VERHOEFF,

Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, 1902). Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, 1902).

Literature: BOESEMAN, 1954; BRINDLE, 1966; BURR, 1907, 1910, HEBARD, 1917; MOREIRA, 1932; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1968; SAKAI, 1971, 1982; STEINMANN, 1982.

Description: Joints of antennae long and slender, fourth joint quite or almost as long as third. Tegmina rudimentary, abbreviated or well developed; lateral longitudinal ridge-like edge well marked or slightly visibe. Sternum rather broad, mesosternum rounded posteriorly; metasternum transverse, truncate. Body rather depressed, abdomen moderately or strongly dilated, the sides of some of the segments in the male often produced into spines and hooks. Posterior margin of penultimate sternite with or without lateral spines or lobes. Male forceps various, generally depressed basally, with or without dilated tooth near pygidium. Distribution: Neotropical region (with one single African species). 6 genera. Identification key to the genera 1 Penultimate sternite simple, posterior margin without spines or lobes on the lateral angles 2 1' Penultimate sternite characteristic, posterior margin with spines or lobes on the lateral angles 3 2 Posterior margin of penultimate sternite convex. Tegmina abbreviated with a short keel laterally; wings absent Genus 1: Osteulcus, p. 125 2' Posterior margin of penultimate sternite concave. Tegmina and wings fully developed, lateral longitudinal ridge-like edge indistinct Genus 2: Litocosmia, p. 128 3 Tegmina abbreviated, obliquely or transversaly truncate posteriorly 4 3' Tegmina, and usually wings also, perfectly developed, lateral longitudinal ridge-like edge prominent 5 4 Male forceps with dilated tooth at the base Genus 3: Paracosmia, p. 130 4' Male forceps unarmed at the base laterally Genus 4: Praos, p. 135 5 Thoracal keel very narrow. Lateral margins of male abdominal tergites not produced into spines or hooks Genus 5: Sarcinatrix, p. 142 5' Thoracal keel normally developed. Lateral margins of male abdominal tergites produced smaller or larger, sometimes sharp, flat spines and recurved hooks Genus 6: Ancistrogaster, p. 146

Genus

1:

Osteulcus

BURR

1907 Osteulcus BURR, Trans, ent. Soc., London, 1907:106. - Species typica: Ancistrogaster kervillei BURR, 1905.

1973 Osteulcus - SAKAI, Derm. Cat. Prael., Tokyo, 7: 106 (in subfamily Ancistrogasterinae). 1975 Osteulcus - STEINMANN, Acta zool. hung., 21: 216 (in subfamily Ancistrogasterinae). Literature: BRINDLE, 1968; BURR, 1911; POPHAM, 1965; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1968; REICHARDT, 1971; SAKAI, 1982; TOWNES, 1945.

Description: Head large, pronotum a little transverse. Tegmina short, subquadrate, abbreviated with a short ridge-like edge laterally; posterior margin obliquely truncate. Wings absent. Legs long and slender. Abdomen depressed, dilated about the middle, narrowed towards the apex. Sides of fifth, sixth and

125 1989 Sarcinatricinae - STEINMANN, World Catalogue of Dermaptera, p. 650 (proposed synonymy with Ancistrogastrinae VERHOEFF, 1989 Rhyacolabinae - STEINMANN, World Catalogue of Dermaptera, p. 650 (proposed synonymy with Ancistrogastrinae VERHOEFF,

Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, 1902). Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, 1902).

Literature: BOESEMAN, 1954; BRINDLE, 1966; BURR, 1907, 1910, HEBARD, 1917; MOREIRA, 1932; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1968; SAKAI, 1971, 1982; STEINMANN, 1982.

Description: Joints of antennae long and slender, fourth joint quite or almost as long as third. Tegmina rudimentary, abbreviated or well developed; lateral longitudinal ridge-like edge well marked or slightly visibe. Sternum rather broad, mesosternum rounded posteriorly; metasternum transverse, truncate. Body rather depressed, abdomen moderately or strongly dilated, the sides of some of the segments in the male often produced into spines and hooks. Posterior margin of penultimate sternite with or without lateral spines or lobes. Male forceps various, generally depressed basally, with or without dilated tooth near pygidium. Distribution: Neotropical region (with one single African species). 6 genera. Identification key to the genera 1 Penultimate sternite simple, posterior margin without spines or lobes on the lateral angles 2 1' Penultimate sternite characteristic, posterior margin with spines or lobes on the lateral angles 3 2 Posterior margin of penultimate sternite convex. Tegmina abbreviated with a short keel laterally; wings absent Genus 1: Osteulcus, p. 125 2' Posterior margin of penultimate sternite concave. Tegmina and wings fully developed, lateral longitudinal ridge-like edge indistinct Genus 2: Litocosmia, p. 128 3 Tegmina abbreviated, obliquely or transversaly truncate posteriorly 4 3' Tegmina, and usually wings also, perfectly developed, lateral longitudinal ridge-like edge prominent 5 4 Male forceps with dilated tooth at the base Genus 3: Paracosmia, p. 130 4' Male forceps unarmed at the base laterally Genus 4: Praos, p. 135 5 Thoracal keel very narrow. Lateral margins of male abdominal tergites not produced into spines or hooks Genus 5: Sarcinatrix, p. 142 5' Thoracal keel normally developed. Lateral margins of male abdominal tergites produced smaller or larger, sometimes sharp, flat spines and recurved hooks Genus 6: Ancistrogaster, p. 146

Genus

1:

Osteulcus

BURR

1907 Osteulcus BURR, Trans, ent. Soc., London, 1907:106. - Species typica: Ancistrogaster kervillei BURR, 1905.

1973 Osteulcus - SAKAI, Derm. Cat. Prael., Tokyo, 7: 106 (in subfamily Ancistrogasterinae). 1975 Osteulcus - STEINMANN, Acta zool. hung., 21: 216 (in subfamily Ancistrogasterinae). Literature: BRINDLE, 1968; BURR, 1911; POPHAM, 1965; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1968; REICHARDT, 1971; SAKAI, 1982; TOWNES, 1945.

Description: Head large, pronotum a little transverse. Tegmina short, subquadrate, abbreviated with a short ridge-like edge laterally; posterior margin obliquely truncate. Wings absent. Legs long and slender. Abdomen depressed, dilated about the middle, narrowed towards the apex. Sides of fifth, sixth and

126 seventh abdominal segments tuberculate. Posterior margin of penultimate sternite convex. Distribution: Venezuela, and Cameroon. 2 species. Identification key to the species 1

African species. Pronotum less transverse. Male forceps with specific ventro-medial tooth (Fig. 199) 1. Osteulcus africanus, p. 126 V American species. Pronotum transverse. Male forceps (Fig. 201) undulate horizontally 2. Osteulcus kervillei, p. 127

1. Osteulcus africanus BRINDLE 1978 Osteulcus africanus BRINDLE, The Dermaptera of Africa, 2:194; fig. 348 (female ultimate tergite with forceps), 349 (male in dorsal view). - Terra typica: Cameroon (Type male: Brit. Mus. nat. Hist., London). Literature: SAKAI, 1 9 8 2 .

Description: Male generally black, antennae brown, and 10th antennal joint whitish-yellow; base of femora paler and tarsi yellowish-brown, tibiae brown to blackish. Head transverse, frons a little tumid; postfrontal and coronal sutures weak; posterior margin of head more or less straight. Eyes large, but a little shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint long, longer than distance between antennal bases; second quadrate, third joint nearly three times as long as wide, and fourth joint rather longer. Pronotum less transverse, sides slightly convex, flattened and curved dorsally, median longitudinal furrow depressed anteriorly. Tegmina short, exposing a triangular scutellum; posterior margins obliquely truncate; lateral longitudinal ridge-like edge very faint; wings absent. Abdomen very strongly widened medially and strongly depressed; lateral glandular folds on third tergite small, those on fourth large and conspicuous. Cuticle of first abdominal tergite coriaceous, but slightly wrinkled transversely, tergites 2 - 3 confusedly and weakly punctate on basal two-thirds, with some transverse striations, distal third smooether; tergites 4 - 7 more strongly punctate. Tergite 8 with a short lateral longitudinal ridge which does not reach posterior margin. Ultimate tergite strongly narrowed posteriorly, almost smooth. Pygidium conical, apex rounded. Penultimate sternite convex posteriorly. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 199) cylindrical, narrowed distally, curved; inner margins with a smaller ventro-medial tooth and with a larger, prominent ventro-medial tooth or about distal two-thirds. Genitalia unknown. - Female very similar to male, but abdomen much less widened and depressed, and forceps (Fig. 200) straighter than in male, with narrow, inner margins with a faint crenulation near pygidium. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 13-15 mm. Notes by BRINDLE (1978: 195): "This is the first recorded species of Ancistrogastrinae from Africa. This is an additional connection of the Der-

w 127

Fig. 199 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Osteulcus africanus BRINDLE. After BRINDLE.

Fig. 200 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Osteulcus africanus BRINDLE. After BRINDLE.

maptera fauna of Africa with that of South America, and is not an isolated feature." Distribution: Cameroon. 2.

Osteulcus kervillei (BURR)

1905 Ancistrogaster kervillei BURR, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., London, (7) 16: 490. - Terra typica: Venezuela (Type male: Brit. Mus. nat. Hist., London). 1907 Osteulcus kervillei - BURR, Trans, ent. Soc., London, 1907: 106. 1911 Osteulcus kervillei - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 85; pi. 7, fig. 18 (pronotum and tegmina). Literature: BRINDLE, 1968; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1968; REICHARDT, 1971; SAKAI, 1971, 1982; STEINMANN, 1 9 8 9 .

Description: Male general colour very dark reddish-black; lateral margins of pronotum, and basal portions of femora light brownish-yellow. Cuticle punctate and shiny. Head large, tumid; postfrontal sutures indistinct; posterior margin more or less straight or a little convex. Eyes large, but a little smaller than africanus BRINDLE; shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint about as long as distance between antennal bases; second quadrate, third and the rest typical. Pronotum transverse; lateral margins straight and parallel; posterior margin convex; median longitudinal furrow faint. Tegmina very short, posterior margin obliquely truncate. Wings entirely absent. Abdomen strongly widened medially; all tergites punctate; tergite 3 with very small tubercle, fourth tergite with large glandular folds laterally. Tergites 4 - 7 with small lateral spines. Ultimate tergite transverse, a little depressed medially near posterior margin. Pygidium hidden. Penultimate sternite broadly rounded posteriorly. Both

128

éi ) jt

Fig. 201 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Osteulcus kervillei After BRINDLE.

(BURR).

Fig. 202 Male genital armature of Osteulcus kervillei (BURR). Original.

Fig. 203 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Osteulcus

kervillei

(BURR).

Original.

branches of forceps (Fig. 201) more or less cylindrical in cross-section, strongly curved medially, strongly undulate horizontally; inner margins with a small tooth at apical portion. Genitalia (Fig. 202, gen.prep. No. 770, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) characteristic; central parameral plate broad, virga within genital lobe well developed, simple, strongly sclerotized and a little expanded basally; external parameres normal, obtuse apically. - Female very similar to male, but forceps slender, straight, simple (Fig. 203). - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 15-17 mm. Distribution: Venezuela. Genus

2:

Litocosmia

HEBARD

1917 Litocosmia HEBARD, Proc. Acad. nat. Sci., Philadelphia, 69: 247. - Species typica: Litocosmia roraimae HEBARD, 1 9 1 7 (for subfamily Ancistrogastrinae). 1973 Litocosmia - SAKAI, Dermapterorum Cat. Prael., Tokyo, 7: 106 (in subfamily Opisthocosmiinae). 1975 Litocosmia - STEINMANN, Acta zool. hung., 21: 216 (in subfamily Cosmiellinae). Literature: REICHARDT, 1 9 7 1 ; SAKAI, 1 9 8 2 .

Description: First antennal joint equal to combined length of second, third and fourth joints; fourth joint distinctly longer than third. Pronotum subquadrate. Tegmina keeled only at shoulders, well developed; wings fully developed.

128

éi ) jt

Fig. 201 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Osteulcus kervillei After BRINDLE.

(BURR).

Fig. 202 Male genital armature of Osteulcus kervillei (BURR). Original.

Fig. 203 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Osteulcus

kervillei

(BURR).

Original.

branches of forceps (Fig. 201) more or less cylindrical in cross-section, strongly curved medially, strongly undulate horizontally; inner margins with a small tooth at apical portion. Genitalia (Fig. 202, gen.prep. No. 770, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) characteristic; central parameral plate broad, virga within genital lobe well developed, simple, strongly sclerotized and a little expanded basally; external parameres normal, obtuse apically. - Female very similar to male, but forceps slender, straight, simple (Fig. 203). - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 15-17 mm. Distribution: Venezuela. Genus

2:

Litocosmia

HEBARD

1917 Litocosmia HEBARD, Proc. Acad. nat. Sci., Philadelphia, 69: 247. - Species typica: Litocosmia roraimae HEBARD, 1 9 1 7 (for subfamily Ancistrogastrinae). 1973 Litocosmia - SAKAI, Dermapterorum Cat. Prael., Tokyo, 7: 106 (in subfamily Opisthocosmiinae). 1975 Litocosmia - STEINMANN, Acta zool. hung., 21: 216 (in subfamily Cosmiellinae). Literature: REICHARDT, 1 9 7 1 ; SAKAI, 1 9 8 2 .

Description: First antennal joint equal to combined length of second, third and fourth joints; fourth joint distinctly longer than third. Pronotum subquadrate. Tegmina keeled only at shoulders, well developed; wings fully developed.

129 Abdomen gradually widened to seventh dorsal segment, then gradually narrowing. Pygidium simple, minute. Distribution: Brazil. Single species. 1.

Litocosmia roraimae

HEBARD

1917 Litocosmia roraimae HEBARD, Proc. Acad. nat. Sci., Philadelphia, 69: 247; pi. 16, fig. 10 (male in dorsal view), 11 (penultimate sternite of male in ventral view). - Terra typica: Brazil (Type male: U.S. nation. Mus., Washington). L i t e r a t u r e : MENOZZI, 1 9 3 2 ; REICHARDT, 1 9 7 1 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 ,

1982.

Description: Male head, prozona and dorsal surface of abdomen tawny; forceps dull chestnut. Head normally developed, broad, a little wider than the pronotum; postfrontal sutures indistinct; posterior margin of head straight. Eyes large, but a little shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint long, about as long as distance between antennal bases; second quadrate, third shorter, than fourth. Pronotum comparativelly small, lateral margins straight and parallel, posterior margin rounded; median longitudinal furrow weak; prozona moderately convex, lateral portion of metazone strongly ascendent to lateral margins; caudal portion feebly convex. Tegmina and wings fully developed. Abdomen with lateral margins convex. Ultimate tergite with sides straight and very feebly convergent caudad, surface weakly convex, except mesodistad where it is very feebly concave and distad on each side; above the base of the forceps is found a more convex area. Pygidium declivent, longer than wide (in ventral view). Penultimate sternite (Fig. 204) with posterior margin concave. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 205) slender, shaft evenly and not strongly curved, moderately flattened, cylindrical, stout proximad with a heavy truncate tooth,

Fig. 204 Posterior margin of male penultimate sternite of Litocosmia roraimae HEBARD. After HEBARD.

Fig. 205 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Litocosmia roraimae HEBARD. After HEBARD.

130 then narrow in proximal third to a sharp medio-internal tooth, this portion with a row of minute, well-spaced projections. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 14-15 mm. Distribution: Brazil. Genus 3: Paracosmia

BORELLI

1909 Paracosmia BORELLI, Boll. Lab. Zool. gen. agr., Portici, 3: 323. - Species typica: Paracosmia silvestrii BORELLI, 1909. 1911 Paracosmia - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 86 (in subfamily Ancistrogastrinae). 1973 Paracosmia - SAKAI, Dermapterorum Cat. Prael., Tokyo, 7:109 (in subfamily Opisthocosmiinae). 1975 Paracosmia - STEINMANN, Acta zool. hung., 21: 216 (in subfamily Ancistrogastrinae). Literature: HEBARD, 1 9 1 7 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 ; REICHARDT, 1 9 7 1 ; SAKAI, 1 9 8 2 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 8 3 ; TOWNES, 1 9 4 5 .

Description: Tegmina abbreviated, comparatively short, obliquely or transversely truncate posteriorly; lateral longitudinal keel distinct. Wings absent. Antennae with joints long and slender, cylindrical. Abdomen convex, ultimate tergite sloping and gently narrowed. Penultimate sternite transverse, external angles with a small pointed spine or lobe (Figs 207 and 214). Male forceps armed with outer and inner teeth. Virga within male genital lobe generally long or very long. Distribution: South and Central America. 4 species (and 2 species in doubtful position). Identification key to the species 1

Lateral angles of male penultimate sternite with bifurcated apices, the posterior margin of lateral angles concave, with two very small tubercles (Fig. 207); basal tooth of male forceps prominent (Fig. 206) 1. Paracosmia ambesa, p. 130 V Lateral angles of male penultimate sternite with one lobe 2 2 Apex of male forceps with a specific serrated section on inner margin between the apical tooth and cercal apex (Fig. 210); posterior margin of male tegmina transversely truncate (Fig. 209) 2. Paracosmia dugesi, p. 132 2' Apex of male forceps without serrated section between the apical tooth and cercal apex on inner margin; posterior margin of tegmian obliquely truncate 3 3 Inner margin of male forceps with large, prominent median tooth (Fig. 212) 3. Paracosmia tristani, p. 133 3' Inner margin of male forceps without median tooth, but with wide flattened portion basally near pygidium; lateral spine of male penultimate sternite directed outwards (Fig. 215) 4. Paracosmia silvestrii, p. 134

1. Paracosmia ambesa (MENOZZI) comb.nov. 1929 Vlax ambesus MENOZZI, Mem. Soc. ent. ital., 8 (1): 13; fig. 12 (male forceps), 13 (ditto, in lateral view), 14 (penultimate sternite of male), 15 (genitalia of holotype). - Terra typica: Colombia (Type male: Mus. civ. Stor. nat., Genova). 1968 Praos ambesus - POPHAM & BRINDLE, Entomologist, London, 101: 197. L i t e r a t u r e : REICHARDT, 1971; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 .

130 then narrow in proximal third to a sharp medio-internal tooth, this portion with a row of minute, well-spaced projections. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 14-15 mm. Distribution: Brazil. Genus 3: Paracosmia

BORELLI

1909 Paracosmia BORELLI, Boll. Lab. Zool. gen. agr., Portici, 3: 323. - Species typica: Paracosmia silvestrii BORELLI, 1909. 1911 Paracosmia - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 86 (in subfamily Ancistrogastrinae). 1973 Paracosmia - SAKAI, Dermapterorum Cat. Prael., Tokyo, 7:109 (in subfamily Opisthocosmiinae). 1975 Paracosmia - STEINMANN, Acta zool. hung., 21: 216 (in subfamily Ancistrogastrinae). Literature: HEBARD, 1 9 1 7 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 ; REICHARDT, 1 9 7 1 ; SAKAI, 1 9 8 2 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 8 3 ; TOWNES, 1 9 4 5 .

Description: Tegmina abbreviated, comparatively short, obliquely or transversely truncate posteriorly; lateral longitudinal keel distinct. Wings absent. Antennae with joints long and slender, cylindrical. Abdomen convex, ultimate tergite sloping and gently narrowed. Penultimate sternite transverse, external angles with a small pointed spine or lobe (Figs 207 and 214). Male forceps armed with outer and inner teeth. Virga within male genital lobe generally long or very long. Distribution: South and Central America. 4 species (and 2 species in doubtful position). Identification key to the species 1

Lateral angles of male penultimate sternite with bifurcated apices, the posterior margin of lateral angles concave, with two very small tubercles (Fig. 207); basal tooth of male forceps prominent (Fig. 206) 1. Paracosmia ambesa, p. 130 V Lateral angles of male penultimate sternite with one lobe 2 2 Apex of male forceps with a specific serrated section on inner margin between the apical tooth and cercal apex (Fig. 210); posterior margin of male tegmina transversely truncate (Fig. 209) 2. Paracosmia dugesi, p. 132 2' Apex of male forceps without serrated section between the apical tooth and cercal apex on inner margin; posterior margin of tegmian obliquely truncate 3 3 Inner margin of male forceps with large, prominent median tooth (Fig. 212) 3. Paracosmia tristani, p. 133 3' Inner margin of male forceps without median tooth, but with wide flattened portion basally near pygidium; lateral spine of male penultimate sternite directed outwards (Fig. 215) 4. Paracosmia silvestrii, p. 134

1. Paracosmia ambesa (MENOZZI) comb.nov. 1929 Vlax ambesus MENOZZI, Mem. Soc. ent. ital., 8 (1): 13; fig. 12 (male forceps), 13 (ditto, in lateral view), 14 (penultimate sternite of male), 15 (genitalia of holotype). - Terra typica: Colombia (Type male: Mus. civ. Stor. nat., Genova). 1968 Praos ambesus - POPHAM & BRINDLE, Entomologist, London, 101: 197. L i t e r a t u r e : REICHARDT, 1971; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 .

131 Description: Male general colour brown, tegmina reddish, abdomen dark brownish-black with forceps dark brownish-red. Head more or less rounded, postfrontal and coronal sutures distinct but shallowly marked; posterior margin of head broadly rounded. Eyes normally developed, a little shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae 12-jointed (after MENOZZI); first joint long, about as long as distance between antennal bases, or sometimes a little longer; second quadrate, third cylindrical; the rest of the joints elongate, slender. Pronotum a little longer than wide, lateral margins straight, posterior margin rounded. Tegmina of Paracosmia-type, short, abbreviated; wings absent. Abdomen fusiform, narrowed anteriorly and posteriorly. Ultimate tergite transverse, smooth, a little depressed medially near posterior margin. Pygidium small, convex posteriorly. Penultimate sternite broad, posterior margin more or less straight, lateral angles characteristic, as in Fig. 207. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 206) well developed, strongly flattened basally, and basal portion with a prominent tooth on inner margins near pygidium; branches undulate in lateral view, with a large, prominent median tooth, directed medio-ventrally. Apical tooth comparatively small. Genitalia (Fig. 208) moderately small; central parameral plate narrowed basally, expanded and oval apically, virga within genital lobe very long; external parameres comparatively small, with apex obtuse. - Female unknown to me. - Length of body with forceps: 17-17.5 mm. Distribution: Colombia and Brazil.

Fig. 206 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Paracosmia ambesa

Fig. 207 Posterior margin of male penultimate sternite of Paracosmia ambesa

Fig. 208 Male genital armature of Paracosmia ambesa (MENOZZI). After

(MENOZZI). A f t e r MENOZZI.

(MENOZZI). A f t e r MENOZZI.

MENOZZI.

132 2.

Paracosmia dugesi

BORELLI

1909 Paracosmia dugesi BORELLI, Boll. Lab. Zool. gen. agr., Portici, 3: 326; fig. 3 (male in dorsal view). - Terra typica: Mexico (Type male: unknown locality). Literature: BURR, 1 9 1 1 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 ; REICHARDT, 1 9 7 1 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 .

Description: Male general colour dark brown. Head comparatively large, a little tumid; postfrontal and coronal sutures faintly visibly; posterior margin of head more or less straight. Eyes moderately small, essentially shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae 13-jointed (after BORELLI), first joint moderately short, considerably shorter than distance between antennal bases; second transverse, rest typical, cylindrical, slender and elongate. Pronotum transverse, lateral margins straight, posterior margin convex; median longitudinal furrow present. Tegmina abbreviated (Fig. 209), slightly longer than the length of pronotum; posterior margin transversely truncate. Wings absent. Abdomen elongate, lateral margins more or less straight and parallel. Ultimate tergite well developed, median depression present near posterior margin. Pygidium very small, indistinct in dorsal view rounded posteriorly. Penultimate sternite with posterior margin truncate, plate with lateral spines. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 210) elongate, depressed basally, flattened portion of forceps prominent with two (sometimes only one) pairs of denticles; apical portion characteristic, with specific serration between apical tooth and cercal apex. Genitalia unknown. - Female very similar to male, but forceps simple, tapering, contiguous. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 14.5-17 mm. Distribution: Mexico, and Nicaragua.

Fig. 209 Pronotum and tegmina of Paracosmia dugesi BORELLI. Original.

Fig. 210 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Paracosmia dugesi BORELLI. Original.

133 3. Paracosmia tristani (BORELLI) comb.nov. 1907 Ancistrogaster tristani BORELLI, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. Univ., Torino, 22 (574): 3; fig. (male in dorsal view). - Terra typica: Costa Rica (Type male: Mus. Inst. Zool. sist. Univ., Torino, holotype without penis). Literature: BURR, 1 9 1 1 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1968; REICHARDT, 1 9 7 1 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 .

Description: Male general colour dark brownish-black; lateral margins of pronotum brown, sometimes yellowish-brown, and abdomen dark reddishbrown. Head broad; postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct; posterior margin of head faintly convex. Eyes comparatively large, but shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae 12-jointed (after BORELLI); first joint moderately long, a little longer than distance between antennal bases; second quadrate, third and rest typical, cylindrical, slender, elongate. Pronotum transverse; lateral margins straight, more or less parallel; posterior margin faintly convex. Tegmina (Fig. 211) short, lateral longitudinal ridge-like edge well marked; posterior margins obliquely truncate. Wings entirely absent. Abdomen elongate, lateral margins a little convex; lateral glandular folds on tergite 3 - 4 distinct. Ultimate tergite transverse, posterior portion with three large, obtuse projections near posterior margin. Pygidium hidden. Penultimate sternite with smaller lateral spines, posterior margin faintly concave. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 212) depressed basally and medially, cylindrical apically; with a prominent outer tooth, and a pair of basal teeth near ultimate tergite, median tooth distinct, directed medio-ventrally; apical tooth prominent. Genitalia unknown. - Female similar to male, but forceps simple, tapering, slender, more or less straight, contiguous. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 18-20 mm. Distribution: Costa Rica.

Fig. 211 Pronotum and tegmina of Paracosmia tristani (BORELLI). Original.

Fig. 212 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Paracosmia tristani (BORELLI). Original.

134 4.

Paracosmia silvestrii

BORELLI

1909 Paracosmia silvestrii BORELLI, Boll. Lab. Zool. gen. agr., Portici, 3: 324; fig. 2 (male in dorsal view). - Terra typica: Mexico (Type male: Mus. Inst. Zool. sist. Univ., Torino, gen.prep. N o . 7 5 0 , d e t . D r . H . STEINMANN).

1911 Paracosmia silvestrii - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 86; pi. 7, fig. 19(tegmen), 19 a (male abdominal end with forceps). Literature: POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 ; REICHARDT, 1 9 7 1 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 .

Description: Male general colour dark reddish-brown to brownish-black; lateral margins of pronotum lighter brown. Head large, rounded, frons tumid; postfrontal and coronal sutures faintly marked; posterior margin of head convex. Eyes comparatively small, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal bases comparatively short, slightly shorter than distance between antennal bases; second transverse, third and the rest of the joints typical, slender, elongate. Pronotum transverse, lateral margins straight, more or less parallel; posterior angles rounded, posterior margin truncate; median longitudinal furrow present. Tegmina of Paracosmia-type, abbreviated, posterior margins obliquely truncate. Wings absent. Abdomen a little depressed, and expanded medially; lateral glandular folds on tergite 3 - 4 small. Ultimate tergite transverse, smooth, simple. Pygidium very small or hidden. Penultimate sternite (Fig. 215) with distinct lateral spines, which are directed outwards. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 213) with narrower or wider flattened portion basally, and between the apical tooth and cercal apex with or without a short denticulated margin

Fig. 214- Apex of male forceps of Paracosmia silvestrii BORELLI. Original.

Fig. 213 Holotype ultimate tergite with forceps of Paracosmia silvestrii BORELLI. Original.

Fig. 215 Posterior margin of male penultimate sternite of Paracosmia silvestrii BORELLI. Original.

Fig. 216 Holotype genital armature of Paracosmia silvestrii BORELLI. Original.

135 (Fig. 214). Genitalia (Fig. 216, gen.prep. No. 750, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) elongate; central parameral plate narrow, virga within genital lobe very long, external parameres well developed, apex blunt, and sometimes directed inwards. - Female very similar to male, but forceps simple, straight, tapering. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 17-19 mm. Distribution: Mexico, Nicaragua and Costa Rica. Doubtful position ? Paracosmia gulosa

(SCUDDER)

1876 Ancistrogaster gulosa SCUDDER, Proc. Boston Soc. nat. Hist., 18: 259. - Terra typica: Mexico (Type male: U.S. natn. Mus., Washington). 1911 Sarakas gulosus - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 86 1917 Paracosmia gulosa - HEBARD, Trans. Am. ent. Soc., 43: 428.

? Paracosmia impennis

(BORMANS)

1893 Ancistrogaster impennis BORMANS, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Orth.: 10; pi. 2, fig. 14 (male in dorsal view), 15 (ditto, female). - Terra typica: Mexico (Type male: Brit. Mus. nat. Hist., London). 1911 Praos impennis - BURR, Genera Insectorum. Bruxelles, 122: 86. 1917 Paracosmia impennis - HEBARD, Trans. Am. ent. Soc., 43: 426.

Genus

4:

Praos

BURR

1907 Praos BURR, Trans, ent. Soc., London, 1907: 107. - Species typica: Ancistrogaster

perdita

BORELLI, 1 9 0 6 .

1907 Vlax (partim) — BURR, Trans, ent. Soc., London, 1907: 108. 1921 Rhyacolabis REHN, Trans. Am. ent. Soc., 47: 312. - Species typica: Rhyacolabis anachoreta REHN, 1921 (for subfamily Opisthocosmiinae). 1945 Rhyacolabis - TOWNES, Annls ent. Soc. Amer., 38: 345 (proposed synonymy with Praos BURR, 1907).

1966 Rhyacolabis - BRINDLE, Mitt. Zool. Mus., Hamburg, 3 (56): 18. 1975 Rhyacolabis - STEINMANN, Acta zool. hung., 21: 219 (in subfamily Rhyacolabinae). 1989 Rhyacolabis— STEINMANN, World Catalogue of Dermaptera, Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, p. 660 (as synonym of Praos BURR, 1907). Literature: BEIER, 1 9 5 9 ; BURR, 1 9 1 0 , 1 9 1 1 , REICHARDT, 1 9 7 1 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 .

1 9 1 2 ; POPHAM

1 9 6 5 ; POPHAM &

BRINDLE,

1968;

Description: Body a little depressed; head smooth, emarginate posteriorly; antennae slender. Tegmina abbreviated, but free, exposing an ample scutellum with a strong percurrent lateral longitudinal keel; wings absent. Legs long and slender. Abdomen strongly depressed, segments 5 - 7 with larger (Fig. 217) or smaller (Fig. 219) lateral spines. Ultimate tergite of male very short, and transverse. Male forceps various, generally armed with on inner tooth or teeth. Female forceps simple, not with on inner tooth. Male genitalia with comparatively long central plate, and moderately shorter external parameres. Distribution: Neotropical region. 5 species (and 2 species in doubtful position).

135 (Fig. 214). Genitalia (Fig. 216, gen.prep. No. 750, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) elongate; central parameral plate narrow, virga within genital lobe very long, external parameres well developed, apex blunt, and sometimes directed inwards. - Female very similar to male, but forceps simple, straight, tapering. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 17-19 mm. Distribution: Mexico, Nicaragua and Costa Rica. Doubtful position ? Paracosmia gulosa

(SCUDDER)

1876 Ancistrogaster gulosa SCUDDER, Proc. Boston Soc. nat. Hist., 18: 259. - Terra typica: Mexico (Type male: U.S. natn. Mus., Washington). 1911 Sarakas gulosus - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 86 1917 Paracosmia gulosa - HEBARD, Trans. Am. ent. Soc., 43: 428.

? Paracosmia impennis

(BORMANS)

1893 Ancistrogaster impennis BORMANS, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Orth.: 10; pi. 2, fig. 14 (male in dorsal view), 15 (ditto, female). - Terra typica: Mexico (Type male: Brit. Mus. nat. Hist., London). 1911 Praos impennis - BURR, Genera Insectorum. Bruxelles, 122: 86. 1917 Paracosmia impennis - HEBARD, Trans. Am. ent. Soc., 43: 426.

Genus

4:

Praos

BURR

1907 Praos BURR, Trans, ent. Soc., London, 1907: 107. - Species typica: Ancistrogaster

perdita

BORELLI, 1 9 0 6 .

1907 Vlax (partim) — BURR, Trans, ent. Soc., London, 1907: 108. 1921 Rhyacolabis REHN, Trans. Am. ent. Soc., 47: 312. - Species typica: Rhyacolabis anachoreta REHN, 1921 (for subfamily Opisthocosmiinae). 1945 Rhyacolabis - TOWNES, Annls ent. Soc. Amer., 38: 345 (proposed synonymy with Praos BURR, 1907).

1966 Rhyacolabis - BRINDLE, Mitt. Zool. Mus., Hamburg, 3 (56): 18. 1975 Rhyacolabis - STEINMANN, Acta zool. hung., 21: 219 (in subfamily Rhyacolabinae). 1989 Rhyacolabis— STEINMANN, World Catalogue of Dermaptera, Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, p. 660 (as synonym of Praos BURR, 1907). Literature: BEIER, 1 9 5 9 ; BURR, 1 9 1 0 , 1 9 1 1 , REICHARDT, 1 9 7 1 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 .

1 9 1 2 ; POPHAM

1 9 6 5 ; POPHAM &

BRINDLE,

1968;

Description: Body a little depressed; head smooth, emarginate posteriorly; antennae slender. Tegmina abbreviated, but free, exposing an ample scutellum with a strong percurrent lateral longitudinal keel; wings absent. Legs long and slender. Abdomen strongly depressed, segments 5 - 7 with larger (Fig. 217) or smaller (Fig. 219) lateral spines. Ultimate tergite of male very short, and transverse. Male forceps various, generally armed with on inner tooth or teeth. Female forceps simple, not with on inner tooth. Male genitalia with comparatively long central plate, and moderately shorter external parameres. Distribution: Neotropical region. 5 species (and 2 species in doubtful position).

136 Identification key to the species 1 1' 2 2' 3 3' 4 4'

Lateral spines of abdominal tergites 5 - 7 very large, of Ancistrogaster-iypc (Fig. 217); lateral lobe of male penultimate sternite obtuse, rounded apically 1. Praos alfari, p. 136 Lateral spines of abdominal tergites 5 - 7 smaller; lateral lobe of male penultimate sternite acumiante 2 Male forceps strongly curved, with large, prominent median tooth (Fig. 219); lateral spines of male abdominal tergites 5 - 7 flattened 2. Praos biolleyi p. 137 Male forceps less curved, without large median tooth, but with very small tubercles; lateral spines of male abdominal tergites 5 - 7 ridge-like 3 Small species, body length without forceps 7 - 8 mm; general colour light brownish-yellow; tegmina whitish-yellow. Male forceps as in Fig. 221 3. Praos curiosus, p. 139 Larger species, body length more than 10 m m without forceps; general colour dark reddish-brown; tegmina dark brown 4 Pronotum more or less as long as wide, tegmina about as long as pronotum; virga within male genital lobe without recurved section basally (Fig. 224) 4. Praos perditus; p. 140 Pronotum longer than wide, tegmina considerably longer than pronotum; virga within male genital lobe with conspicuous recurved section basally (Fig. 226) . . . 5. Praos robustus, p. 141 1.

Praos alfari

(BORELLI)

comb.nov.

1906 Ancistrogaster alfari BORELLI, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. Univ., Torino, 21 (531): 14. - T e r r a typica: Costa Rica (Type male, gen.prep. No. 745, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN: MUS. Inst. Zool. sist. Univ., Torino). 1982 Ancistrogaster alfari - STEINMANN, Annls hist.-nat. Mus. natn. hung., 74: 78; fig. 5 (holotype ultimate tergite with forceps), 6 (genitalia of holotype, gen.prep. No. 745, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN). Literature: BURR, 1 9 1 1 ; PICADO, 1 9 1 3 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 ; REICHARDT, 1 9 7 1 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1982.

Description: Male external characteristics very conspicuous. General colour dark chestnut; legs light brown, tegmina darker, but with a yellowish lateromedian patch. Head broad, tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures well marked; posterior margin emarginate in the middle, surface of head with yellowish-white setae. Eyes comparatively large, but a little shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint very long, about as long as distance between antennal bases, second quadrate, third and the rest of Ancistrogastrid-type, slender, cylindrical and long; 9th joint yellow on the apical half. Pronotum longer than wide; lateral margins straight, faintly narrowed posteriorly; posterior angles and margin rounded; prozona tumid, with median longitudinal furrow, metazona flat. Tegmina short, but a little longer than pronotum; wings entirely absent. Abdomen depressed, very narrow anteriorly, strongly expanded medially and narrow posteriorly; tergites 3 - 4 with large glandular folds, and tergites 5 - 7 with very large, flattened lateral spines. Ultimate tergite transverse, median longitudinal sulcus distinct, the disc with two smaller, but prominent, tubercles near posterior margin. Pygidium transverse, simple. Penultimate sternite with lateral lobes, but these lobes not acuminate, rounded apically. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 217) characteristic, strongly trigonal in cross-section basally and medially; dorsal edges prominent with a smaller and a larger, sharp, tubercle near pygidium, the ventral edges with a flattened tooth medially. Genitalia (Fig. 218,

137

Fig. 217 Holotype ultimate tergite with forceps of Praos alfari (BORELLI). Original.

Fig. 218 Holotype genital armature of Praos alfari (BORELLI). Original.

gen.prep. No. 745, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) narrow; central parameral plate very long, virga within genital lobe elongate; external parameres moderately small, with apex pointed. - Female similar to male, but forceps simple, tapering, straight, very narrow. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 18-20 mm. Distribution: Costa Rica. 2. Praos biolleyi (BORELLI) comb.nov. 1907 Ancistrogaster biolleyi BORELLI, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. Univ., Torino, 22 (574): 1; fig. (male in dorsal view). - Terra typica: Costa Rica (Type male, gen.prep. No. 742, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN: MUS. Inst. Zool. sist. Univ., Torino). 1982 Ancistrogaster biolleyi- STEINMANN, Annls hist.-nat. Mus. natn. hung., 74: 77; fig. 3 (posterior part of abdomen of male), 4 (genitalia of holotype, gen.prep. No. 742, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN). Literature: BURR, 1911; 1916; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1968; REICHARDT, 1971; SAKAI, 1973, 1982.

Description: Male general colour dark reddish-brown, lateral margins of pronotum yellow. Head large, tumid; postfrontal and coronal sutures present, but indistinct; posterior margin of head emarginate in the middle. Eyes normally developed, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint very long, longer than distance between antennal bases; second quadrate, third shorter than fourth. Pronotum more or less as long as wide; lateral margins

138 straight, or a little undulate, posterior angles rounded, last margin convex; prozona tumid, median longitudinal furrow faintly visible; metazona flat. Tegmina smooth, lateral longitudinal keel prominent, well curved posteriorly, and turned inwards. Wings absent. Abdomen strongly expanded medially, depressed; lateral glandular folds on tergite 3 - 4 small; lateral spines on tergites 3 - 8 smaller, on tergite 5 - 7 flattened. Ultimate tergite strongly transverse, the disc with prominent depressions and projections near posterior margin. Pygidium short, transverse. Penultimate sternite with sharp, pointed lateral spines. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 219) strongly curved; more or less cylindrical in cross-section, but dorsal edge present, indistinct at basal portion; median tooth large, prominent, directed medio-ventrally. Genitalia (Fig. 220, gen.prep. No. 742, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) characteristic; central parameral plate comparatively broad, and short, virga within genital lobe very long, straight, external parameres very large, broad, and obtuse apically. - Female similar to male, but forceps slenderer, tapering, inner margins crenulate, but without spines of teeth. - Length of body with forceps: male: 25-26 mm, female: 24-25 mm. Distribution: Costa Rica, and Nicaragua.

Fig. 219 Holotype abdominal end with forceps of Praos biolleyi (BORELLI). Original.

Fig. 220 Holotype genital armature of Praos biolleyi (BORELLI). Original.

139 3. Praos curiosus sp.nov. Terra typica: Panama, El Volcan, Aug. 9 - 1 4 , 1950, Chickering, gen.prep. No. 998, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN. - Type male: Mus. comp. Zool., Cambridge. - Paratype female: ditto, 1 ex.: Mus. comp. Zool., Cambridge, and female 1 ex.: Termeszettudomanyi Muzeum, Budapest.

Description: Male comparatively small, and lighter; general colour light brownish-yellow, tegmina whitish-yellow, legs and forceps yellowish. Head normally developed, tumid; postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct; posterior margin a little emarginate in the middle. Eyes small, slightly shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint well developed, about as long as distance between antennal bases; second quadrate, third shorter than fourth. Pronotum transverse, lateral margins straight, more or less parallel, posterior margin convex; median longitudinal furrow distinct. Tegmina short, only a little longer than the length of pronotum, posterior margins obliquely truncate. Wings entirely absent. Abdomen depressed, oval in dorsal view, lateral margins convex; lateral spines of abdominal tergites 5 - 7 ridge-like, very small, indistinct. Ultimate tergite strongly transverse, depressed medially near posterior margin. Pygidium short, transverse, simple. Penultimate sternite with acuminate lateral lobes; posterior margin faintly concave between lateral spines. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 221) cylindrical in cross-section, but with longitudinal inner ridge; inner ridge armed with three very small tubercles. Genitalia (Fig. 222, gen.prep. No. 988, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) of Praos-type, a little similar to robustus (BORELLI, 1 9 1 1 ) ; central parameral plate narrowed basally, and expanded apically, virga within genital lobe long, with a sclerotized sac basally; external parameres normally developed, apex obtuse. - Female similar to male, but

Fig. 221 Holotype ultimate tergite with forceps of Praos curiosus sp.n. Original.

Fig. 222 Holotype genital armature of Praos curiosus sp.n. Original.

140 general colour yellowish-brown, tegmina reddish; forceps very simple, cylindrical, straight. - Length of body with forceps: male: 11 mm, female: 12-13 mm. Distribution: Panama. 4.

Praos perditus

(BORELLI)

1893 Neolobophora bogotensis BORMANS (nec SCUDDER, 1875), Biol. Centr. Amer., Orth.: 8. - Terra typica: Costa Rica (Type female, type No. 782: HEBARD'S Collection). 1906 Ancistrogaster perdita BORELLI, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. Univ., Torino, 21 (531): 16. Terra typica: Costa Rica (Type male: Mus. 1st. Zool. sist. Univ., Torino). 1911 Praos perditus - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 86; pi. 7, fig. 21 (pronotum, and tegmina). 1921 Rhyacolabis anachoreta REHN (new name for Neolobophora bogotensis BORMANS, 1983 - nec SCUDDER, 1875), Trans. Am. ent. Soc., 47: 313; pi. 17, fig. 2 (female head, pronotum, and tegmina). 1945 Rhyacolabis anachoreta - TOWNES, Annls ent. Soc. Amer., 38: 355 (proposed synonymy with perditus

(BORELLI, 1 9 0 6 ) ) .

1966 Rhyacolabis anachoreta - BRINDLE, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Hamb., 3 (56): 18 (as good species). 1971 Rhyacolabis anachoreta -REICHARDT, Pap. Avulsoszool., S. Paulo, 24(12): 175 [as synonym of perditus (BORELLI, 1906)]. Literature: BRINDLE, 1970; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 7 5 , 1 9 8 9 .

Description: Male general colour dark reddish-brown, unicolour. Head large, tumid; postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct; posterior margin emarginate in the middle. Eyes comparatively small, essentially shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint very long, longer than distance between antennal bases; second quadrate, third typical, shorter than fourth. Pronotum transverse, lateral margins straight and parallel; posterior margin convex, posterior angles rounded. Median longitudinal furrow distinct on prozona.

Fig. 223 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Praos perditus (BORELLI). Original.

Fig. 224 Male genital armature of Praos perditus (BORELLI). Original.

141 Tegmina about as long as pronotum, lateral longitudinal ridge-like edge prominent; posterior margin obliquely truncate. Wings absent. Abdomen a little depressed, tergites only a little expanded medially; tergites 5 - 7 with narrow, very small spines laterally. Ultimate tergite very transverse, simple, a little depressed medially near posterior margin. Pygidium transverse. Penultimate sternite with triangular lateral lobes; posterior margin between the lobes faintly convex. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 223) elliptical in cross-section basally, cylindrical medially and apically, a little depressed basally, inner margins with one or two small tubercles; with a sharp apical tooth. Genitalia (Fig. 224, gen.prep. No. 747, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) specific; central parameral plate narrow and elongate, virga within genital lobe very long, external parameres well developed with obtuse apex. - Female very similar to male, but forceps very slender, straight, simple. - Length of body with forceps: male: 13-14 mm, female: 12-16 mm. Distribution: Costa Rica, Nicaragua, and Panama. 5.

Praos robustus

BORELLI

1911 Praos robustus BORELLI, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. Univ., Torino, 26 (644): 5; fig. 2 (male ultimate tergite with forceps). - Terra typica: Costa Rica (Type male, gen.prep. No. 746, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN: M U S . 1st. Zool. sist. Univ., Torino). 1982 Ancistrogaster robusta-STEINMANN, Annls hist.-nat. Mus. natn. hung., Budapest, 74: 77; fig. 1 (male ultimate tergite with forceps), 2 (genitalia of holotype, gen.prep. No. 746, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN).

Literature: REICHARDT, 1971; SAKAI, 1973, 1982.

Description: Male general colour dark reddish-brown, antennae and legs light brown. Head broad, tumid; postfrontal and coronal sutures distinct; posterior margin emarginate in the middle. Eyes comparatively large, but shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint well developed, longer than distance between antennal bases; second quadrate, third and rest typical. Pronotum slightly longer than broad; lateral margins parallel, a little convex; posterior angles and margin rounded; median longitudinal furrow present. Tegmina considerably longer than pronotum, lateral longitudinal ridge-like edge well marked. Wings absent. Abdomen depressed, lateral glandular folds on tergite 3 - 4 present, lateral spines of abdominal tergites 5 - 7 comparatively small. Ultimate tergite simple, a little depressed between the roots of the forceps near posterior margin. Pygidium transverse. Penultimate sternite with acuminate lateral spines-like lobes; posterior margin faintly convex. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 225) very long, a little depressed, with inner ridges; median teeth or tubercles various in size and shape; apical tooth prominent. Genitalia (Fig. 226, gen.prep. No. 746, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) narrow, and elongate; central parameral plate a little expanded apically; virga within genital lobe with conspicuous recurved section basally; external paramere small, obtuse. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 2 0 - 2 8 mm. Distribution: Costa Rica.

142

Fig. 225 Holotype ultimate tergite with forceps of Praos robustus BORELLI. Original.

Fig. 226 Holotype genital armature of Praos robustus BORELLI. Original.

Doubtful position ? Praos intermedius

(BURR)

1900 Ancistrogaster intermedius BURR, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., London, (7) 6: 87. - Terra typica: Peru (Type male: Brit. Mus. nat. Hist., London). 1907 Vlax intermedius - BURR, Trans, ent. Soc., London, 1907: 108. 1968 Praos intermedius - POPHAM & BRINDLE, Entomologist, London, 101: 197.

? Praos paulensis

(MOREIRA)

1932 Vlax paulensis MOREIRA, Rev. Ent., 2 (3): 285; fig. 9 (male thorax), 10 (male forceps), 11 (female forceps). - Terra typica: Brazil (Type male: Zool. Mus. Univ., Säo Paulo). 1968 Praos paulensis - POPHAM & BRINDLE, Entomologist, London, 101: 197.

Genus 5: Sarcinatrix 1903 Sarcinatrix anomalia

REHN

REHN, Proc. Acad. nat. Sei., Philadelphia, 55: 308. - Species typica:

Opisthocosmia

REHN, 1 9 0 3 .

1911 Sarcinatrix - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 87 (in subfamily Ancistrogasterinae). 1917 Sarcinatrix - HEBARD, Trans. Am. ent. Soc., 43: 332 (in subfamily Opisthocosmiinae). 1966 Vara BRINDLE, Ent. Mitt. Zool. Hamb., 3 (56): 115.-Species typica: Vara nevermanniBRINDLE, 1966.

1967 Vara - BRINDLE, Ent. Mitt. Zool. Mus., Hamb., 3 (59): 189 (proposed synonymy with Sarcinatrix

REHN, 1 9 0 3 ) .

142

Fig. 225 Holotype ultimate tergite with forceps of Praos robustus BORELLI. Original.

Fig. 226 Holotype genital armature of Praos robustus BORELLI. Original.

Doubtful position ? Praos intermedius

(BURR)

1900 Ancistrogaster intermedius BURR, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., London, (7) 6: 87. - Terra typica: Peru (Type male: Brit. Mus. nat. Hist., London). 1907 Vlax intermedius - BURR, Trans, ent. Soc., London, 1907: 108. 1968 Praos intermedius - POPHAM & BRINDLE, Entomologist, London, 101: 197.

? Praos paulensis

(MOREIRA)

1932 Vlax paulensis MOREIRA, Rev. Ent., 2 (3): 285; fig. 9 (male thorax), 10 (male forceps), 11 (female forceps). - Terra typica: Brazil (Type male: Zool. Mus. Univ., Säo Paulo). 1968 Praos paulensis - POPHAM & BRINDLE, Entomologist, London, 101: 197.

Genus 5: Sarcinatrix 1903 Sarcinatrix anomalia

REHN

REHN, Proc. Acad. nat. Sei., Philadelphia, 55: 308. - Species typica:

Opisthocosmia

REHN, 1 9 0 3 .

1911 Sarcinatrix - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 87 (in subfamily Ancistrogasterinae). 1917 Sarcinatrix - HEBARD, Trans. Am. ent. Soc., 43: 332 (in subfamily Opisthocosmiinae). 1966 Vara BRINDLE, Ent. Mitt. Zool. Hamb., 3 (56): 115.-Species typica: Vara nevermanniBRINDLE, 1966.

1967 Vara - BRINDLE, Ent. Mitt. Zool. Mus., Hamb., 3 (59): 189 (proposed synonymy with Sarcinatrix

REHN, 1 9 0 3 ) .

143 Literature: BRINDLE, 1971; BURR, 1 9 1 0 ; POPHAM, 1 9 6 5 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 ; REICHARDT, 1971; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; STEINMANN, 1975, 1 9 8 9 .

Description: External characteristic of Opisthocosmid-type. Tegmina well developed, gently rounded at the shoulder, with weak but distinct lateral longitudinal keels. Antennal joints rather short and thick. Head tumid, pronotum more or less as wide as the head, and a little longer than wide or transverse. Abdomen very slender and narrow, and the forceps of both sexes are simple, but the most distinctive characteristic of the male is the structure of the penultimate sternite. The posterior margin of the penultimate sternite is drawn out into long, pointed processes, which are strongly curved upwards. Notes by BRINDLE ( 1 9 7 1 ) : "This genus has only known species, anomalia REHN. When REHN ( 1 9 0 3 ) originally described this species he regarded Sarcinatrix as a subgenus of Opisthocosmia. BURR ( 1 9 0 7 ) raised Sarcinatrix to generic rank and included a second species, rehni, in the genus. S. rehni was described as new in the same paper and the genus was retained in the subfamily Opisthocosmiinae. In 1910 BURR transferred rehni to a new genus Dinex, so leaving Sarcinatrix with the single species, anomalia. BURR ( 1 9 1 1 ) however included Sarcinatrix in the subfamily Ancistrogastrinae, which is an error, since this subfamily is characterized by the broad body, and HEBARD ( 1 9 1 7 ) transferred Sarcinatrix back to the subfamily Opisthocosmiinae." Distribution: Central and South America. 2 species.

Identification key to the species 1

Tegmina and wings uniformly brown to blackish; pronotum as wide as long; abdominal tubercles (glandular folds) less prominent; posterior margin of male penultimate sternite less convex 1. Sarcinatrix anomalia, p. 143 1' Tegmina and wings blackish, both tegmina with a median yellow spot; wings yellow at base; pronotum transverse; abdominal tubercles very large; posterior margin of male penultimate sternite deeply convex 2. Sarcinatrix quadrimaculata, p. 145

1. Sarcinatrix anomalia (REHN) 1903 Opisthocosmia anomalia REHN, Proc. Acad. nat. Sei. Philadelphia, 55: 308. - Terra typica: Costa Rica (Type male: U.S. natn. Mus., Washington). 1907 Sarcinatrix anomalia - BURR, Trans, ent. Soc., London, 1907: 102. 1911 Sarcinatrix anomalia - BURR, Genera Insectorum, 122: 87; pi. 8 fig. 17 (male in dorsal view), 17a (female ultimate tergite with forceps) (Costa Rica, Brazil). 1966 Vara nevermanni BRINDLE, Ent. Mitt. Zool. Mus., Hamb., 3 (56): 116; fig. 1 (male in dorsal view), 2 (female forceps), 3 (genitalia of holotype), 4 (penultimate sternite of male). - Terra typica: Costa Rica (Type male: Zool. Mus., Hamburg). 1967 Vara nevermanni - BRINDLE, Ent. Mitt. Zool. Mus., Hamb., 3 (59): 189 [proposed synonymy with anomalia

(REHN, 1903)].

Literature: BRINDLE, 1 9 7 1 ; BURR, 1910; MOREIRA, 1 9 3 0 ; POPHAM, 1965; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 ; REICHARDT, 1971; SAKAI, 1 9 8 2 .

144 Description: Male general colour brownish-yellow, head and abdomen dark brown, tegmina and wings uniformly brown to black; legs yellowish. Head tumid and smooth anterior to coronary suture; lateral margins of head strongly narrowed posteriorly, posterior angles well rounded. Eyes large, but a little shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae 12-jointed; first joint longer than distance between antennal bases; second quadrate, third about twice as long as second, fourth rather longer than third. Pronotum as wide as long, lateral margins more or less straight and parallel, posterior angles and margin rounded; prozona tumid, with median longitudinal furrow, metazona flat. Tegmina and wings well developed, elongate. Tegmina about twice as long as pronotum, wings rather less than half the length of tegmina. Abdomen slender, subcylindrical, strongly but not closely punctate; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 less prominent. Ultimate tergite broad, with a shallow median triangular depression, posterior margin with small or larger angle laterally. Penultimate sternite emarginate posteriorly. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 227) simple, contiguous, straight except at apices, inner margins evenly dentated. Genitalia (Fig. 228) small; central parameral plate short, wide, virga within genital lobe long, simple; external parameres with large apical portion. - Female similar to male, but abdomen less punctate; penultimate sternite simple; ultimate tergite narrowed posteriorly; forceps simple, as in fig. 229. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 9 - 1 1 mm. Distribution: Costa Rica, Panama, Brazil, Peru, Ecuador, and Bolivia.

Fig. 227 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Sarcinatrix anomalia

Fig. 228 Male genital armature of Sarcinatrix anomalia (REHN). After

Fig. 229 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Sarcinatrix anomalia

(REHN). A f t e r BURR.

BRINDLE.

(REHN). A f t e r BURR.

145 2.

Sarcinatrix quadrimaculata

BRINDLE

1971 Sarcinatrix quadrimaculata BRINDLE, Pap. Avulsos zool., S. Paulo, 23 (20): 169; fig. 12 (male in dorsal view), 13 (genitalia of holotype), 14 (penultimate sternite of male in ventral view), 15 (ditto, laterally), 16 (male pygidium). - Terra typica: Brazil. (Type male: Mus. Zool. Univ., Sao Paulo). Literature: REICHARDT, 1 9 7 1 ; SAKAI, 1 9 8 2 .

Description: Male generally blackish-brown; antennae and legs dark reddishyellow; pronotum broadly reddish-yellow laterally and posteriorly; a vaguely defined, but conspicuous reddish-yellow, sometimes yellow, spot placed medially on each tegmen, wings with a large basal reddish yellow spot; forceps reddish. Head transverse, rather depressed, cuticle rugose. Eyes large, about as long as the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint long, about as long as distance between antennal bases, or a little longer; second quadrate, third shorter than fourth. Pronotum transverse, small, lateral margins slightly convex, posterior margin strongly convex, cuticle pubescent and with short dark brown and yellow setae; metazona strongly depressed. Tegmina and wings long, rather narrow. Legs long, femora not strongly widened, tibiae almost equal in length to femora, tarsi shorter. Abdomen fusiform, cuticle coriaceous, and with yellow pubescence; lateral glandular fold on third tergite relatively large, those on fourth segment very large. Ultimate tergite broad, declivent, with a quadrate projection below the base of each branch of the forceps. Penultimate sternite deeply convex posteriorly. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 230) cylindrical, simple, straight, inner margins dentated almost to apex. Genitalia (Fig. 231) characteristic;

Fig. 230 Holotype ultimate tergite with forceps of Sarcinatrix quadrimaculata

Fig. 231 Holotype genital armature of Sarcinatrix quadrimaculata BRINDLE. After

BRINDLE. A f t e r BRINDLE.

BRINDLE.

146 central parameral plate oval, virga within genital lobe normally developed with large, strongly sclerotized sclerite basally; external parameres narrowed apically, apex obtuse. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 8.5 mm. Distribution: Brazil. Genus 6: Ancistrogaster

STAL

1855 Ancistrogaster STAL, Ofvers. K. svenska Vetensk Akad. Forh., 12: 349. - Species typica: Ancistrogaster luctuosa STAL, 1855. 1900 Ancistrogaster - BORMANS & KRAUSS, Das Tierreich, Berlin, 11: 89 (key to species). 1907 Vlax BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. London, 1907: 108. - Species typica: Ancistrogaster championi BORMANS, 1 8 9 3 .

1917 Vlax - HEBARD, Trans. Am. ent. Soc., 43: 426 (proposed synonymy with Praos BURR, 1907). 1982 Ancistrogaster - STEINMANN, Annls hist-nat. Mus. natn. hung., 74: 79 (revision, key to species). Literature: BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 ; BURR, 1 9 1 1 ; DOHRN, 1985; HEBARD, 1 9 1 7 ; KIRBY, 1 9 0 4 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 ; REICHARDT, 1 9 7 1 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1982; SCUDDER, 1 8 7 6 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 7 5 , 1 9 8 9 ; TOWNES, 1 9 4 5 .

Description: Body with forceps large, rather depressed. Joints of antennae long and slender, first joint long; fourth joint quite or almost as long as third, or longer. Pronotum with or without median longitudinal furrow. Tegmina and wings well or fully developed. Sides of abdominal tergites 4 - 7 with smaller or larger, sometimes very prominent lateral spines. Ultimate tergite large, penultimate sternite with points or obtuse spines at the postero-lateral angles. Forceps subcontiguous, strongly bowed, apically hooked. Male genitalia elongated, a little expanded apically or parallel-sided, virga within genital lobe of Ancistrogaster-typs, characteristically curved basally or straight; external parameres sometimes asymmetrical. Distribution: Neotropical region. 13 species (and 1 species in doubtful position). Identification key to the species 1

Sides of male abdominal tergites 4 - 7 with comparatively small, sometimes only ridge-like spines (Fig. 235). Pronotum quadrate 2 V Sides of male abdominal tergites 4 - 7 with large, or very large and broad, depressed lateral spines (Fig. 238) 4 2 Yellowish-brown species. Sides of male abdominal tergites 4 - 7 with very small, generally ridge-like spines laterally; male forceps with bifurcated basal, and a small, single median tooth on inner margin (Fig. 232) 1. Ancistrogaster globalis, p. 147 2' Dark brownish-black species. Sides of male abdominal tergites 4 - 7 with small lateral spines 3 3 Lateral spines of male penultimate sternite comparatively elongate, acuminate; male forceps slender, elongated, inner margins with a very small basal, and two further median, and moderately large apical teeth (Fig. 235) 2. Ancistrogaster championi, p. 149 3' Lateral spines of male penultimate sternite comparatively short, obtuse; male forceps strongly curved, inner margins with a very large basal, and a prominent median, tooth (Fig. 237) 3. Ancistrogaster festae, p. 150 4 Lateral spines of male abdominal tergites 4 - 7 very large and broad, as in Fig. 238; male forceps oval, specific, inner margins trigonal, and ventral edge of inner margin crenulate; male genitalia narrow apically, external parameres moderately small, virga within genital lobe as in Fig. 239 4. Ancistrogaster variegata, p. 151

146 central parameral plate oval, virga within genital lobe normally developed with large, strongly sclerotized sclerite basally; external parameres narrowed apically, apex obtuse. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 8.5 mm. Distribution: Brazil. Genus 6: Ancistrogaster

STAL

1855 Ancistrogaster STAL, Ofvers. K. svenska Vetensk Akad. Forh., 12: 349. - Species typica: Ancistrogaster luctuosa STAL, 1855. 1900 Ancistrogaster - BORMANS & KRAUSS, Das Tierreich, Berlin, 11: 89 (key to species). 1907 Vlax BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. London, 1907: 108. - Species typica: Ancistrogaster championi BORMANS, 1 8 9 3 .

1917 Vlax - HEBARD, Trans. Am. ent. Soc., 43: 426 (proposed synonymy with Praos BURR, 1907). 1982 Ancistrogaster - STEINMANN, Annls hist-nat. Mus. natn. hung., 74: 79 (revision, key to species). Literature: BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 ; BURR, 1 9 1 1 ; DOHRN, 1985; HEBARD, 1 9 1 7 ; KIRBY, 1 9 0 4 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 ; REICHARDT, 1 9 7 1 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1982; SCUDDER, 1 8 7 6 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 7 5 , 1 9 8 9 ; TOWNES, 1 9 4 5 .

Description: Body with forceps large, rather depressed. Joints of antennae long and slender, first joint long; fourth joint quite or almost as long as third, or longer. Pronotum with or without median longitudinal furrow. Tegmina and wings well or fully developed. Sides of abdominal tergites 4 - 7 with smaller or larger, sometimes very prominent lateral spines. Ultimate tergite large, penultimate sternite with points or obtuse spines at the postero-lateral angles. Forceps subcontiguous, strongly bowed, apically hooked. Male genitalia elongated, a little expanded apically or parallel-sided, virga within genital lobe of Ancistrogaster-typs, characteristically curved basally or straight; external parameres sometimes asymmetrical. Distribution: Neotropical region. 13 species (and 1 species in doubtful position). Identification key to the species 1

Sides of male abdominal tergites 4 - 7 with comparatively small, sometimes only ridge-like spines (Fig. 235). Pronotum quadrate 2 V Sides of male abdominal tergites 4 - 7 with large, or very large and broad, depressed lateral spines (Fig. 238) 4 2 Yellowish-brown species. Sides of male abdominal tergites 4 - 7 with very small, generally ridge-like spines laterally; male forceps with bifurcated basal, and a small, single median tooth on inner margin (Fig. 232) 1. Ancistrogaster globalis, p. 147 2' Dark brownish-black species. Sides of male abdominal tergites 4 - 7 with small lateral spines 3 3 Lateral spines of male penultimate sternite comparatively elongate, acuminate; male forceps slender, elongated, inner margins with a very small basal, and two further median, and moderately large apical teeth (Fig. 235) 2. Ancistrogaster championi, p. 149 3' Lateral spines of male penultimate sternite comparatively short, obtuse; male forceps strongly curved, inner margins with a very large basal, and a prominent median, tooth (Fig. 237) 3. Ancistrogaster festae, p. 150 4 Lateral spines of male abdominal tergites 4 - 7 very large and broad, as in Fig. 238; male forceps oval, specific, inner margins trigonal, and ventral edge of inner margin crenulate; male genitalia narrow apically, external parameres moderately small, virga within genital lobe as in Fig. 239 4. Ancistrogaster variegata, p. 151

147 4' Lateral spines of abdominal tergites 4 - 7 of the male smaller, but prominent; male forceps curved at basal or median sections 5 6 5 Male forceps without prominent, but small, tooth on inner margins basally 5' Male forceps with prominent, but generally small, tooth on inner margins basally 8 6 Pronotum transverse. Lateral spines of male abdominal tergites 4 - 7 broadly rounded laterally (Fig. 240); inner margins of male forceps slightly crenulated 5. Ancistrogaster uncinata, p. 152 6' Pronotum longer than wide, or quadrate. Lateral spines of male abdominal tergites 4 - 7 straight or faintly convex laterally; inner margins of male forceps smooth or with very fine serrations 7 7 Pronotum longer than wide. Tegmina bicolour, dark brown with humeral patch yellow. Lateral spines of male abdominal tergites 4 - 7 strongly pointed, as in Fig. 243. Male genitalia comparatively large, virga within genital lobe as in Fig. 244 6. Ancistrogaster significans, p. 153 7' Pronotum quadrate. Tegmina unicolour, without humeral patch yellow. Lateral spines of male abdominal tergites 4 - 7 , as in Fig. 245. Male genitalia comparatively narrow, virga within genital lobe as in Fig. 46 7. Ancistrogaster mendesi, p. 155 8 Inner margins of male forceps with two small, but prominent, teeth basally (Fig. 247). Lateral spine of male abdominal tergite 5 specific, bifurcated. Male genitalia of Ancistrogaster-lype, elongated, virga within genital lobe, as in Fig. 248 8. Ancistrogaster scabiosa, p. 156 8' Inner margins of male forceps with one tooth basally. Lateral spine of male abdominal tergite 5 acute 9 9 Basal teeth on inner margin of male forceps prominent, almost meeting; branches strongly curved medially, as in Fig. 250. Male genitalia not of Ancistrogaster-type, virga within genital lobe straight (Fig. 251) 9. Ancistrogaster spinax, p. 157 9' Basal teeth on inner margins of male forceps small, well separated 10 10 4th abdominal tergite of male with spine very broad, slightly wider than the length of forceps (Fig. 253) 10. Ancistrogaster arthritica, p. 158 10' 4th abdominal tergite of male with spine broad, but the segment shorter than the length of forceps 11 11 Male forceps with inner margins trigonal, and the edge of inner margin crenulate ventrally, as in Fig. 254, similar to variegata (DOHRN), but not oval . . 11. Ancistrogaster maculifera, p. 159 11' Male forceps with inner margins normal. Pronotum transverse or quadrate 12 12 Pronotum transverse. Lateral spines of male abdominal tergites 4 - 7 rounded laterally. Male forceps comparatively slenderer, apical section as in Fig. 256. Male genitalia moderately narrow, sclerotized section of virga within genital lobe as in Fig. 257 12. Ancistrogaster mixta, p. 160 12' Pronotum quadrate. Lateral spines of male abdominal tergites 4 - 7 well marked laterally. Male forceps with depressed apical section, as in Fig. 258. Male genitalia with broad central parameral plate, virga within genital lobe, as in Fig. 259 . . 13. Ancistrogaster luctuosa, p. 162

1. Ancistrogaster globalis sp.nov. Terra typica: Panama, Boquete, Aug. 1 - 8 , 1950, Chickering, gen.prep. No. 990, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN. - Type male: Mus. comp. Zool., Cambridge. - Paratype female: Panama, EL Volcan, Aug. 9 - 1 4 , 1950, Chickering, 1 ex.: Mus. Comp. Zool., Cambridge, and male, 1 ex.: Panama, Boquete, Aug. 1 - 8 , 1950, Chickering: Termeszettudomanyi Muzeum, Budapest.

Description: Male general colour brown, lateral margins of pronotum, wings basally, and dorsal parts of femora basally, yellowish. Head smooth, rounded, tumid; postfrontal and coronal sutures distinct; postero-lateral margins of head behind eyes broadly rounded, posterior margin faintly emargiante in the middle. Eyes well developed, but shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae 12-jointed; first joint long, a little longer than distance between antennal bases;

148 second quadrate, third faintly shorter than fourth. Pronotum about as long as wide, lateral margins straight, posterior angles and margin broadly rounded; prozona tumid with short median longitudinal furrow, metazona flat. Tegmina fully developed, elongate, lateral longitudinal keels very narrow, posterior margin convex. Wings well developed. Abdomen oval, a little depressed; lateral glandular folds on tergite 3 - 4 prominent, sides of abdominal tergites 4 - 7 with very small, a little ridge-like, spines. Ultimate tergite transverse, the plate with large and obtuse lateral tubercles. Penultimate sternite of Ancistrogaster-type, posterior margin more or less straight, truncate, lateral spines prominent, but short, acuminate. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 232) cylindrical, depressed basally; basal depressed portion ending a bifurcated tooth directed inwards; inner margins with a small, but prominent, median tooth, and a well-marked apical tubercle. Genitalia (Fig. 2 3 3 , gen.prep. No. 9 9 0 , det. D R . H . STEINMANN) elongate; central parameral plate more or less parallel-sided, virga within genital lobe damaged, external parameres normally developed, outer margins straight. Female very similar to male, but ultimate tergite without lateral tubercles, and forceps (Fig. 234) straight, contiguous, tapering, simple. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 16-20 mm. Distribution: Panama.

Fig. 232 Holotype ultimate tergite with forceps of Ancistrogaster globalis sp.n. Original.

Fig. 233 Holotype genital armature of Ancistrogaster globalis sp.n. Original.

Fig. 234 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Ancistrogaster globalis sp.n. Original.

149 2.

Ancistrogaster championi

BORMANS

1909 Ancistrogaster championi BORMANS, Biol. Centr. Amer., Orth., 1:10; pi. 2, fig. 13 (male in dorsal view). - Terra typica: Panama (Type male: Brit. Mus. nat. Hist., London). 1907 Vlax championi - BURR, Trans, ent. Soc., London, 1907: 108. 1917 Praos championi - HEBARD, Trans. Am. ent. Soc., 43: 330. 1982 Ancistrogaster championi - STEINMANN, Annls hist.-nat. Mus. natn. hung., 74: 79; fig. 7 (male posterior part of abdomen with forceps) (Costa Rica, Panama). Literature: BORMANS & KRAUSS, 1900; BURR, 1911; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1968; REICHARDT, 1971; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1982.

Description: Male colour dark reddish-black; tegmina and wings brownishblack to black; lateral margins of pronotum, and legs yellowish-brown. Head rounded, tumid; postfrontal and coronal sutures well marked; posterior margin emarginate in the middle. Eyes normally developed, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint long, about as long as distance between antennal bases or a little longer, black, second quadrate, third about as long as fourth, or shorter. Pronotum more or less quadrate, lateral margins parallel or a little convex; posterior margin with last angles rounded; prozona tumid, with well-marked median longitudinal furrow; metazona flat. Tegmina and wings fully developed. Abdomen a little depressed; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 very small; sides of tergites 4 - 7 with very small lateral spines. Ultimate tergite transverse, inner margins with very prominent dorsal protuberances

\

Fig. 235 Male abdominal end with forceps of Ancistrogaster championi BORMANS. Original.

Fig. 236 Male genital armature of Ancistrogaster championi BORMANS. Original.

150 laterally. Penultimate sternite of Ancistrogaster-type, with acute lateral lobes. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 235) cylindrical; inner margins with one basal, and two median, teeth, apices of forceps pincers. Male genitalia (Fig. 236, gen.prep. No. 9 8 9 , det. Dr. H . STEINMANN from Venezuela) specific; central parameral plate very narrow and elongate, virga within genital lobe very long, external parameres asymmetrical, comparatively well developed. - Female very similar to male, but sides of abdominal tergites without spines, and forceps slenderer, with inner margins crenulate. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 17.5-20 mm. Distribution: Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, and Venezuela. 3.

Ancistrogaster festae

BORELLI

1906 Ancistrogaster festae BORELLI, Boll. Mus. Zool. A n a t . c o m p . Univ., Torino, 21 (528): 1. - Terra typica: E c u a d o r (Type male (without penis): Mus. 1st. Zool. sist. Univ., Torino). 1911 Vlax festae - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 87. 1968 Praos festae ~ POPHAM & BRINDLE, Entomologist, L o n d o n , 101: 197. L i t e r a t u r e : R E I C H A R D T , 1 9 7 1 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 ,

1982.

Description: Male general colour very dark brownish-black, unicolour. Head longer than wide, tumid frontally, depressed medially near postfrontal sutures; posterior margin convex in the middle. Eyes comparatively smaller, slightly shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint well developed, longer than distance between antennal bases; second quadrate, third and the rest elongate, slender, cylindrical or subcylindrical. Pronotum about as long as wide; lateral margins straight and parallel, posterior margin broadly rounded; median longitudinal furrow on prozona; metazona flat. Tegmina fully developed, posterior margin convex; wings well developed, sometimes yellow at humeral apices. Abdomen depressed, elongate; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 present, but small; lateral sides with very small spines. Ultimate tergite broad,

Fig. 237 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Ancistrogaster festae BORELLI. Original.

151 median part depressed near posterior margin. Penultimate sternite with small, obtuse lateral spines. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 237) strongly curved basally, basal part depressed, with fully developed tooth on inner margin; median part subcylindrical, median tooth prominent, apical part not of Ancistrogaster-type, without inner tooth near apex. - Female very similar to male, but forceps very slender, tapering, contiguous, simple. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 18-22 mm. Distribution: Ecuador. 4. Ancistrogaster variegata (DOHRN) 1865 Opisthocosmia variegata DOHRN, Stettiner ent. Ztg., 26: 78. - Terra typica: Venezuela (Type male: Naturhist. Mus., Wien). 1 8 6 5 Forficula appendiculata CHARPENTIER, in D O H R N , Stettiner ent. Ztg., 2 6 : 7 8 . [in litt., as synonym of variegata (DOHRN, 1865)]. 1900 Ancistrogaster variegata - BORMANS & KRAUSS, Das Tierreich, Berlin, 1 1 : 91 (Venezuela, Nicaragua, Panama). 1906 Ancistrogasterfalcifera REHN, Proc. U.S. natn. Mus., Washington, 29: 510; fig. 7 (male in dorsal view). - Terra typica: Peru (Type male, type No. 8172: U.S. natn. Mus., Washington). 1973 Ancistrogaster falcifera - SAKAI, Derm. Cat. Prael., Tokyo, 7: 121 (incorrect synonymy with mixta

BORELLI, 1 9 0 6 ) .

1982 Ancistrogaster variegata - STEINMANN, Annls hist.-nat. Mus. natn. hung., 74: 79; fig. 8 (posterior part of male abdomen with forceps), 9 (male genitalia, gen.prep. No. 768, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN).

1982 Ancistrogaster falcifera - STEINMANN, Annls hist.-nat. Mus. natn. hung., Budapest, 74: 79 [as synonym of variegata ( D O H R N , 1 8 6 5 ) ] . L i t e r a t u r e : BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 ; B U R R , 1 9 1 1 ; K I R B Y , 1 9 0 4 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 ; REICHARDT, 1 9 7 1 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 .

Description: Male colour dark reddish-black; lateral margins of pronotum, and a rounded patch of wings, yellowish. Head depressed and a little elongated; frons tumid, occiput flat; posterior margin of head convex. Eyes comparatively large but a little shorter than or sometimes aboutes long as the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint long, about as long as distance between antennal bases; second quadrate, the rest typical. Pronotum slightly longer than wide; lateral margins faintly narrowed posteriorly, last margin convex; median longitudinal furrow present. Tegmina and wings fully developed, latter with yellow patches medially (sometimes laterally). Abdomen strongly expanded medially; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 prominent; lateral spines of abdominal tergites 4 - 7 very broad, prominent, as in Fig. 238. Ultimate tergite transverse, smooth, without dorsal protuberances. Lateral spines of penultimate sternite well developed, pointed. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 238) specific, oval, trigonal in cross-section, ventral edge crenulate on inner margins; apices of forceps pincers. Male genitalia (Fig. 239, gen.prep. No. 768, det. DR. H. STEINMANN) of Ancistrogaster-type; central parameral plate broad medially, and narrowed apically; virga within genital lobe with characteristic sclerotized section basally; external parameres very small. - Female similar to male, but

152 abdomen slender, without lateral spines, and forceps simple, tapering, contiguous. - Length of body with forceps: male: 16-19 mm, female: 17.5-18.5 mm. Distribution: Central America: Mexico to Panama, and Venezuela, Colombia, and Peru.

5.

Ancistrogaster uncinata

(BORELLI)

1915 Praos uncinatus BORELLI, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. Univ., Torino, 30 (699): 3. - Terra typica: Mexico (Type male: Mus. 1st. Zool. sist. Univ., Torino (holotype without penis). 1917 Ancistrogaster uncinatus - HEBARD, Trans. Am. ent. Soc., 43: 429 (description of female from Mexico). L i t e r a t u r e : REICHARDT, 1 9 7 1 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 8 2 .

Description: Male colour reddish-brown to black; first antennal joint, median part of pronotum, femora except apices, abdomen and forceps dark brown to black; lateral margins of pronotum, apices of femora and wings, yellow. Head longer than wide, tumid; postfrontal and coronal sutures faintly marked; posterior margin of head rounded laterally, and emarginate in the middle. Eyes of Ancistrogaster-typs, comparatively large, but a little shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint long, about as long as distance between antennal bases; second transverse, third and the rest typical. Pronotum subquadrate, lateral margins more or less parallel, posterior angles and margin

153 broadly rounded; pronoza tumid, with shorter median longitudinal furrow, and metazona flat. Tegmina and wings fully developed, the yellow wings very conspicuous. Abdomen slightly depressed, lateral glandular fold on tergite 3 small, and in tergite 4 very large. Sides of abdominal tergites 4 - 7 with lateral spines, but median in size, as in Fig. 240. Ultimate tergite broad, smooth. Penultimate sternite with posterior margin specific, posterior margin broadly convex (Fig. 241). Both branches of forceps (Fig. 240) characteristic on holotype, inner margins crenulated, but I have a single male specimen from Mexico, with forceps with inner teeth basally, and with inner crenulation very faint. Genitalia (Fig. 242, gen.prep. No. 991, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) very narrow; central parameral plate with lateral margins parallel, virga within genital lobe of Ancistrogaster-type, external parameres asymmetrical. - Female unknown. Length of body with forceps: 16.5 mm. Distribution: Mexico.

Fig. 240 Male abdomen with forceps of Ancistrogaster uncinata

Fig. 241 Posterior margin of male penultimate sternite of Ancistrogaster uncinata

Fig. 242 Male genital armature of Ancistrogaster uncinata (BORELLI). After

(BORELLI). Original.

(BORELLI). Original.

STEINMANN.

6.

Ancistrogaster significans

STEINMANN

1982 Ancistrogaster significans STEINMANN, Annls hist.-nat. Mus. natn. hung., 74: 80; fig. 11 (holotype abdominal end with forceps), 12 (genitalia of holotype). - Terra typica: Brazil (Type male, gen.prep. No. 380, dt. Dr. H. STEINMANN: Termeszettudomanyi Muzeum, Budapest).

154 Description: Male general colour dark brownish-black, very similar to mendesi in colour, but tegmina and wings with significant yellowish humeral patches. Head a little depressed; postfrontal and coronal sutures well marked; posterior angles of head broadly rounded, last margin more or less straight except at median section, emarginate. Eyes comparatively large, slightly longer than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae broken in holotype; first joint very long, longer than distance between antennal bases. Pronotum longer than wide, lateral margins straight, and narrowed posteriorly; last margin rounded; median longitudinal furrow distinct on anterior pronotal section. Tegmina well developed, posterior margin transversely truncate; wings fully developed. Legs slender, femora unicolour, dark brown. Abdomen a little depressed and expanded medially; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 prominent; abdominal tergites 4 - 7 with specific, very narrow, and acuminate lateral spines, as in Fig. 243. Ultimate tergite transverse, posterior margin concave medially. Penultimate sternite with Ancistrogaster-type lateral lobes. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 243) slender, cylindrical; slightly curved at basal section; apical portion trigonal, with inner tooth. Genitalia (Fig. 244, gen.prep. No. 380, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) comparatively large; central parameral plate broad, lateral margins of paramere more or less parallel at apical portion; virga within genital lobe characteristic, sclerotized section strongly curved basally; external parameres normal, obtuse. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 13 mm. Distribution: Brazil. MOREIRA

Fig. 243 Holotype abdominal end with forceps of Ancistrogaster significans

Fig. 244 Holotype genital armature of Ancistrogaster significans STEINMANN. After

STEINMANN. A f t e r STEINMANN.

STEINMANN.

155 7.

Ancistrogaster mendesi

MOREIRA

1930 Ancistrogaster mendesi MOREIRA, Bol. Inst. biol. Def. agr., Rio de Janeiro, 7:28; fig. 6 a (male in dorsal view), 6 b (female forceps). - Terra typica: Brazil (Type male: Inst. Biol. Def. Agr., Rio de Janeiro). Literature: P O P H A M & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 ; R E I C H A R D T , 1 9 7 1 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 8 2 .

Description: Male general colour dark brownish-black; apex of tibia, apices of wings, yellowish; abdomen with forceps dark reddish-brown. Head tumid, longer than wide; posterior margin concave; postfrontal and coronal sutures faintly marked. Eyes normally developed, about as long as the length of head behind eyes. Antennae 11-jointed; first joint long, slightly longer than distance between antennal bases; second quadrate, third shorter than fourth. Pronotum about as long as wide; lateral margins parallel, a little convex; posterior margin rounded; prozona tumid, median longitudinal furrow indistinct; metazona flat. Tegmina and wings well developed. Abdomen broad, considerably expanded medially; lateral glandular folds on tergite 3 - 4 indistinct; sides of tergites 4 - 7 with well developed spines, as in Fig. 245. Ultimate tergite smooth, transverse, posterior margin with two protuberances at bases of forceps. Penultimate sternite with prominent lateral lobes. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 245) slender, cylindrical, slightly curved medially; inner margins with small but prominent tooth apically. Genitalia (Fig. 2 4 6 , gen.prep. No. 9 9 2 , det. Dr. H. S T E I N M A N N from Venezuela) narrow; central parameral plate elongate, lateral margins more or less parallel; virga within genital lobe of Ancistrogaster-type, long; external

Fig. 245 Male abdominal end with forceps of Ancistrogaster mendesi MOREIRA. Original.

Fig. 246 Male genital armature of Ancistrogaster mendesi MOREIRA. Original.

156 parameres asymmetrical. - Female similar to male, but sides of abdominal tergites 4 - 7 without lateral spines, and forceps slenderer, tapering, contiguous. — Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 13 —15 mm. Distribution: Brazil. 8.

Ancistrogaster scabiosa

STEINMANN

1982 Ancistrogaster scabiosa STEINMANN, Annls hist.-nat. Mus. natn. hung., 74: 81; fig. 14 (holotype abdominal end with forceps), 15 (genitalia of holotype). - Terra typica: Venezuela (Type male, gen.prep. No. 769, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN: Termeszettudomanyi Muzeum, Budapest). L i t e r a t u r e : STEINMANN, 1 9 8 9 .

Description: Male colour reddish-brown and brown; head, ultimate tergite and forceps yellowish-brown, pronotum castaneous. Heas broad, tumid, with characteristic angles posteriorly; postfrontal and coronal sutures distinct, posterior margin concave. Eyes comparatively small, but more or less as long as the length of head behind eyes. Antennae broken in holotype; first joint long, slightly longer than distance between antennal bases. Pronotum about as long as wide, lateral margins straight, and narrowed posteriorly; posterior margin rounded. Tegmina and wings well developed; wings yellow basally. Abdomen depressed, expanded medially; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 small; sides of abdominal tergites 4 - 7 with prominent lateral spines; the lateral spine of 5th

Fig. 247 Holotype abdominal end with forceps of Ancistrogaster scabiosa STEINMANN. After STEINMANN.

Fig. 248 Holotype genital armature of Ancistrogaster scabiosa STEINMANN. After STEINMANN.

Fig. 249 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Ancistrogaster scabiosa STEINMANN. Original.

157 tergite bifurcated. Ultimate tergite transverse, posterior margin straight, but a little concave at medially. Penultimate sternite with typical lateral lobes. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 247) cylindrical, inner margins with two small but prominent teeth at basal section; branches of forceps curved medially, apices pincer-shaped. Genitalia (Fig. 248, gen.prep. No. 769, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) of Ancistrogaster-type; central parameral plate narrow, virga within genital lobe sclerotized with specific curvature basally. - Female similar to male, but forceps (Fig. 249) slenderer, tapering, simple. - Length of body with forceps: 13.5 mm. Distribution: Venezuela. 9. Ancistrogaster spinax

DOHRN

1862 Ancistrogaster spinax DOHRN, Stettiner ent. Ztg., 23: 229; pi. 1, fig. 1 (male in dorsal view). Terra typica: Mexico (Type male, gen.prep. No. 501, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN: Inst. Zool., Warszawa). 1865 Opisthocosmia spinax - DOHRN, Stettiner ent. Ztg., 26: 78. 1 9 0 0 Ancistrogaster spinax - BORMANS & KRAUSS, Das Tierreich, Berlin, 11: 9 0 (Mexico, Guatemala). 1982 Ancistrogaster spinax - STEINMANN, Annls hist.-nat. Mus. natn. hung., 74: 82; fig. 16 (male abdominal end with forceps), 17 (genitalia of holotype). Literature: BURR, 1910, 1 9 1 1 ; HEBARD, 1 9 1 7 ; KIRBY, 1904; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1968; REICHARDT, 1971; SAKAI, 1973, 1 9 8 2 .

Description: Male colour light or dark brown; head, pronotum, legs, abdomen and forceps dark brown, tegmina and wings light brown. Head large, broad,

Fig. 250 Male abdominal end with forceps of Ancistrogaster spinax DOHRN. After STEINMANN.

Fig. 251 Male genital armature of Ancistrogaster spinax DOHRN. After

Fig. 252 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Ancistrogaster spinax

STEINMANN.

DOHRN. Original.

158 tumid; postfrontal and coronal sutures distinct. Eyes large, slightly longer than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint well developed, a little longer than distance between antennal bases; second quadrate, third a little shorter than fourth. Pronotum broad, about as long as wide or transverse; lateral margins with posterior angles and margin, rounded; prozona tumid, median longitudinal furrow present. Tegmina and wings fully developed. Abdomen strongly depressed; lateral glandular fold on tergite 3 very small, and on tergite 4 very large, conspicuous; sides of abdominal tergites 4 - 7 with laminated spines laterally. Ultimate tergite broad, median longitudinal sulcus present. Penultimate sternite with Ancistrogaster-type lateral lobes. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 250) specific, slightly curved medially; inner margins with small, but prominent tooth basally; apices pincers. Genitalia (Fig. 251, gen.prep. No. 501, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) characteristic, not of Ancistrogaster-type; central parameral plate narrow, elongate, virga within genital lobe long, strongly sclerotized, straight; external parameres normal, length of medium size. - Female similar to male, but sides of abdominal tergites without lateral spines, forceps (Fig. 252) slender, tapering, simple. - Length of body with forceps: male: 15-18 mm, female: 14.5-17 mm. Distribution: Mexico, Nicaragua, and Guatemala. 10. Ancistrogaster arthritica

SCUDDER

1876 Ancistrogaster arthritica SCUDDER, Proc. Boston Soc. nat. Hist., 18: 253. - Terra typica: Brazil (Type male: unknown locality). 1876 Forficula hirsuta SCUDDER, Proc. Boston Soc. nat. Hist., 18: 256. - Terra typica: Brazil (Type female: unknown locality). 1900 Ancistrogaster arthritica - BORMANS & KRAUSS, Das Tierreich, Berlin, 11: 91; fig. 35a (male in dorsal view), 35 b (female forceps). 1900 Ancistrogaster hirsuta - BORMANS & KRAUSS, Das Tierreich, Berlin, 11: 93. 1982 Ancistrogaster arthritica - STEINMANN, Annls hist.-nat. Mus. natn. hung., 74: 82; fig. 18 (male abdominal end with forceps). 1982 Forficula hirsuta - STEINMANN, Annls hist.-nat. Mus. natn. hung., 74: 82 (proposed synonymy with arthritica SCUDDER, 1876). L i t e r a t u r e : BURR, 1 9 1 1 ; KIRBY, 1 9 0 4 ; MOREIRA, 1 9 3 0 ; POPHAM BRINDLE, 1968; REICHARDT, 1 9 7 1 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 .

Description: Male general colour reddish-brown to black; lateral margins of pronotum, and sometimes the bases of wings, yellowish. Head rounded, frons tumid, occiput a little depressed; postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct; posterior margin of head emarginate in the middle. Eyes normally developed, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint long, a little longer than distance between antennal bases; second quadrate, third slightly shorter than fourth. Pronotum more or less as long as wide; lateral margins straight, and parallel, posterior margin with posterior angles rounded; median longitudinal furrow distinct. Tegmina and wings fully developed. Abdomen very broad medially; depressed; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 prominent;

159 sides of abdominal tergites 4 - 7 with very large and broad lateral spines, as in Fig. 253. Ultimate tergite broad, but simple, a little depressed medially near posterior margin. Penultimate sternite with Ancistrogaster-type lateral lobes. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 253) cylindrical, slightly curved medially; inner margins with small tooth basally, apices of branches pincers. Genitalia unknown to me. - Female very similar to male, but abdomen without lateral spines medially, abdomen fusiform; forceps slender, simple, typical. - Length of body with forceps; male: 16-18.5 mm, female: 15-17.5 mm. Distribution: Brazil and Colombia.

11. Ancistrogaster maculifera (DOHRN) 1865 Opisthocosmia maculifera DOHRN, Stettiner ent. Ztg., 26: 77. - Terra typica: Venezuela (Type male: Mus. Naturkunde, Berlin). 1877 Forficula petropolis WOOD, Ins. Abroad, London: 279. - Terra typica: "South America" (Type unknown). 1900 Ancistrogaster maculifera - BORMANS & KRAUSS, Das Tierreich, Berlin, 11: 90. 1900 Forficula petropolis - BORMANS & KRAUSS, Das Tierreich, Berlin, 11: 90 [proposed synonymy with maculifera (DOHRN, 1865)]. 1911 Ancistrogaster maculifer - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 87; pi. 7, fig. 20 (antenna), pi. 9, fig. 21 (male abdominal end with forceps), 21 a (tegmina). Literature: BRINDLE, 1968; KIRBY, 1 9 0 4 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1968; REICHARDT, 1971; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 8 2 .

Description: Male general colour dark brownish-black; antennae brown, legs and forceps light brown, sometimes reddish-brown. Head rectangular, frons tumid, occiput a little flattened; posterior margin convex in the middle; postfrontal and coronal sutures distinct, well marked. Eyes very prominent, but a little shorter, sometimes as long as the length of head behind eyes. First antennal

160 joint very long, essentially longer than distance between antennal bases; second quadrate, third faintly shorter than fourth. Pronotum slightly longer than wide; lateral margins more or less parallel, faintly narrowed posteriorly; prozona tumid, median longitudinal furrow present; metazona flat. Tegmina and wings fully developed. Abdomen very expanded medially; sides of abdominal tergites 4 - 7 with very large lateral spines, as in Fig. 254. Ultimate tergite transverse, simple. Penultimate sternite with large, acute lateral lobes. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 254) slightly curved at basal portion; branches trigonal in crosssection with crenulated ventral edge; inner tooth at basal section small, but prominent; apices of branches pincers. Genitalia unknown to me. - Female similar to male in colour, abdomen without lateral spines medially; forceps (Fig. 255) very long, slender, simple. - Length of body with forceps: male: 16-18 mm, female: 15.5-19 mm. Distribution: Mexico, Venezuela, and Brazil.

Fig. 254 Male abdominal end with forceps of Ancistrogaster maculifera ( D O H R N ) . After STEINMANN.

Fig. 255 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Ancistrogaster maculifera ( D O H R N ) . Original.

12. Ancistrogaster mixta

BORELLI

1906 Ancistrogaster mixta BORELLI, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. Univ., Torino, 21 (531): 12; fig. (male in dorsal view). - Terra typica: Costa Rica (Type male, gen.prep. No. 744, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN: M U S . 1st. Zool. sist. Univ., Torino). 1911 Ancistrogaster mixta - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 87 (as synonym of falcifera REHN, 1 9 0 6 ) .

161 1912 Ancistrogaster mixta - BURR, Annls naturh. Mus., Wien, 26: 388 (proposed synonymy with variegata

(DOHRN, 1 8 6 5 ) ) .

1982 Ancistrogaster mixta - STEINMANN, Annls hist.-nat. Mus. natn. hung., 74: 83; fig. 20 (posterior abdominal portion with forceps), 21 (genitalia of holotype, gen.prep. No. 744, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) (as valid taxon). Literature: REICHARDT, 1 9 7 1 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 .

Description: Male unicolorous dark brown, except bases of wings, yellow. Head normally developed, broad, frons tumid, occiput faintly depressed; postfrontal and coronal sutures distinct; posterior margin of head rounded. Eyes very large, slightly longer than the length of head behind eyes. Vertex sometimes with small yellowish spots posteriorly. First antennal joint fully developed, and longer than distance between antennal bases; second typical, quadrate, third a little shorter than fourth. Pronotum more or less quadrate; lateral margins parallel, or a little convex, posterior angles with posterior margin broadly rounded; prozona tumid, with well-marked median longitudinal furrow; metazona typical, flat. Tegmina and wings fully developed. Abdomen depressed, strongly expanded medially; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 prominent but small; sides of abdominal tergites 4 - 7 with large lateral spines, as in Fig. 256. Ultimate tergite broad, tumid anteriorly, and a little depressed near posterior margin; posterior margin trisinuate. Penultimate sternite typical, lateral lobes prominent. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 256) curved at median or antero-

Fig. 256 Male abdominal end with forceps of Ancistrogaster mixta BORELLI.

Fig. 257 Holotype genital armature of Ancistrogaster mixta BORELLI.

A f t e r STEINMANN.

A f t e r STEINMANN.

162

median section; inner margins with small but prominent tooth basally; apices of branches pincers. Genitalia (Fig. 2 5 7 , gen.prep. No. 7 4 4 , det. Dr. H . STEINMANN) of Ancistrogaster-type; central parameral plate very long and narrow, virga within genital lobe long, with strongly sclerotized basal section; external parameres comparatively small, obtuse apically. - Female very similar to male in colour, abdomen without lateral spines medially, and forceps simple, tapering, contiguous. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 1 4 - 1 6 . 5 mm. Distribution: Costa Rica. 13. Ancistrogaster luctuosa

STAL

1855 Ancistrogaster luctuosa STAL, Ofvers. K. svenska Vetensk Akad. Foth., 12: 349. - Terra typica: Brazil (Type male: Naturh. Riksmus., Stockholm). 1865 Opisthocosmia luctuosa - DOHRN, Stettin ent. Ztg., 26: 78. 1 9 0 0 Ancistrogaster luctuosa - BORMANS & KRAUSS, Das Tierreich, Berlin, 1 1 : 9 0 (Brazil, Panama, Guatemala). 1911 Ancistrogaster luctuosa - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 87; pi. 8, fig. 18 (male in dorsal view) (South America). 1982 Ancistrogaster luctuosa - STEINMANN, Annls hist.-nat. Mus. natn. hung., 74: 84; fig. 22 (male abdominal end with forceps), 23 (male genitalia, gen.prep. No. 401, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN). L i t e r a t u r e : KIRBY, 1 9 0 4 ; REICHARDT, 1 9 7 1 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 8 3 .

Description: Male general colour dark reddish-brown; lateral margins of pronotum, tibiae, and humeral portions of tegmina, light brown; forceps dark

Fig. 258 Male abdominal end with forceps of Ancistrogaster luctuosa STAL. After STEINMANN.

Fig. 259 Male genital armature of Ancistrogaster luctuosa

After

STAL.

STEINMANN.

Fig. 260 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Ancistrogaster luctuosa STAL. Original.

163 red. Head transverse; frons strongly tumid, occiput a little depressed; postfrontal and coronal sutures well marked; posterior margin of head convex. Eyes large, but a little shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae of Ancistrogaster- type; first joint long, longer than distance between antennal bases; second quadrate, third a little shorter than fourth, the rest of the joints cylindrical, elongated. Pronotum slightly longer than wide; lateral margins more or less parallel, or sometimes convex; posterior angles and margin broadly rounded; median longitudinal furrow present. Tegmina and wings fully developed, wings reddish-brown, sometimes yellowish basally. Abdomen depressed, and expanded medially; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 prominent, sides of abdominal tergites 4 - 7 with specific lateral spines, as in Fig. 258. Ultimate tergite transverse, smooth, simple, posterior margin trisinuate. Penultimate sternite with large lateral lobes posteriorly. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 258) slender, cylindrical; inner margins with prominent tooth basally; apices of branches depressed. Genitalia (Fig. 2 5 9 , gen.prep. No. 4 0 1 , det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) characteristic; central parameral plate broad, narrowed basally, and parallel-sided apically; virga within genital lobe straight and long, with sclerotized curvature basally; external parameres comparatively small, obtuse apically, asymmetrical. - Female typical of genus, abdomen without lateral spines medially; forceps (Fig. 260) slender, tapering, simple. - Length of body with forceps: male: 1 6 - 1 7 mm, female: 1 5 . 5 - 1 8 mm. Distribution: from Mexico to Brazil.

Doubtful position ? Ancistrogaster burri

KIRBY

1883 Ancistrogaster luctuose BORMANS, Ann. Soc. ent. Belg., 27: 83. - Terra typica: Mexico (Type unknown). 1903 Ancistrogaster burri KIRBY (new name for Ancistrogaster luctuosa BORMANS, 1883 - nec STÀL, 1855), Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., London, (11) 7: 68.

Subfamily 2: Cosmiellinae STEINMANN 1975 Cosmiellinae STEINMANN, Acta zool. hung., 21: 216. - Genus typicum: Cosmiella VERHOEFF, 1902.

1982 Cosmiellinae - SAKAI, Bull. Daito Bunka Univ., Tokyo, 20: 48. 1989 Cosmiellinae - STEINMANN, World Catalogue of Dermaptera, Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, p. 666. L i t e r a t u r e : STEINMANN, 1 9 8 3 .

Description: Joints of antennae long and slender; the fourth joint quite or almost as long as third, or slightly longer. Tegmina represented by lateral flaps, rudimentary, or abbreviated and associated with a short or long section medially, or normally developed. Mesosternum about as long as wide, rounded or

164

rectangular. Lateral margins of tegmina with a faintly visibly or well-marked lateral longitudinal ridge-like edge. Male forceps various, but generally simple, elongated. Distribution: Generally distributed. 13 genera. Identification key to the genera 1 V 2 2' 3 3' 4 4' 5 5'

6' 7 7' 8 8' 9 9' 10 10' 11 11' 12 12'

Tegmina represented by lateral flaps (Fig. 261). Madagascar species Genus 7: Brachycosmiella, p. 164 Tegmina rudimentary, abbreviated or normally developed 2 Tegmina rudimentary, associated with a very short section medially or not touching (Fig. 266) Genus 8: Paracosmiella, p. 166 Tegmina abbreviated, shorter or longer, and associated with a longer section medially, or well developed 3 Tegmina abbreviated, about as long as wide, and posterior margin obliquely truncate (Fig. 269) 4 Tegmina short, but longer than wide or well developed 7 Male forceps very long, about as long as the length of abdomen, or longer. Neotropical groups 5 Male forceps shorter than the length of abdomen 6 Branches of male forceps straight, less curved at basal portion (Fig. 270) Genus 9: Forcepsia, p. 168 Branches of male forceps strongly curved at basal portion (Fig. 272) Genus 10: Neocosmiella, p. 170 Ultimate tergite of male strongly narrowed; tegmina with an entire and strongly marked keel Genus 11: Liparura, p. 172 Ultimate tergite of male not strongly narrowed; tegmina keeled but not strongly marked Genus 12: Obelura, p. 182 Tegmina short, posterior margin straight or obliquely truncate 8 Tegmina and wings well or fully developed 9 Tegmina short, and posterior margin transversely truncate . Genus 13: Hypocosmiella, p. 184 Tegmina short, but posterior margin obliquely truncate Genus 14: Cosmiella, p. 186 New World species 10 Old World species 11 Branches of male forceps with characteristic basal tooth near pygidium Genus 15: Mixocosmia, p. 215 Branches of male forceps well separated basally, without basal tooth Genus 16: Kleter, p. 223 Ethiopical or Malagasy species, male forceps with specific teeth or tubercles Genus 17: Afrocosmia, p. 232 Oriental or Indo-Austral species 12 Male forceps fully developed, conspicuously elongated Genus 18: Lipodes, p. 236 Male forceps normally developed Genus 19: Cosmiola, p. 238

Genus 7: Brachycosmiella gen.nov. Species typica: Emboros sogai BRINDLE, 1966.

Description: Very similar in general character to Cosmiella VERHOEFF, but tegmina shortened, conspicuous, strongly reduced, and represented by lateral flaps; lateral longitudinal ridge-like edge or keel of tegmina well developed. Wings entirely absent. Body a little depressed, black and shiny. Male forceps

164

rectangular. Lateral margins of tegmina with a faintly visibly or well-marked lateral longitudinal ridge-like edge. Male forceps various, but generally simple, elongated. Distribution: Generally distributed. 13 genera. Identification key to the genera 1 V 2 2' 3 3' 4 4' 5 5'

6' 7 7' 8 8' 9 9' 10 10' 11 11' 12 12'

Tegmina represented by lateral flaps (Fig. 261). Madagascar species Genus 7: Brachycosmiella, p. 164 Tegmina rudimentary, abbreviated or normally developed 2 Tegmina rudimentary, associated with a very short section medially or not touching (Fig. 266) Genus 8: Paracosmiella, p. 166 Tegmina abbreviated, shorter or longer, and associated with a longer section medially, or well developed 3 Tegmina abbreviated, about as long as wide, and posterior margin obliquely truncate (Fig. 269) 4 Tegmina short, but longer than wide or well developed 7 Male forceps very long, about as long as the length of abdomen, or longer. Neotropical groups 5 Male forceps shorter than the length of abdomen 6 Branches of male forceps straight, less curved at basal portion (Fig. 270) Genus 9: Forcepsia, p. 168 Branches of male forceps strongly curved at basal portion (Fig. 272) Genus 10: Neocosmiella, p. 170 Ultimate tergite of male strongly narrowed; tegmina with an entire and strongly marked keel Genus 11: Liparura, p. 172 Ultimate tergite of male not strongly narrowed; tegmina keeled but not strongly marked Genus 12: Obelura, p. 182 Tegmina short, posterior margin straight or obliquely truncate 8 Tegmina and wings well or fully developed 9 Tegmina short, and posterior margin transversely truncate . Genus 13: Hypocosmiella, p. 184 Tegmina short, but posterior margin obliquely truncate Genus 14: Cosmiella, p. 186 New World species 10 Old World species 11 Branches of male forceps with characteristic basal tooth near pygidium Genus 15: Mixocosmia, p. 215 Branches of male forceps well separated basally, without basal tooth Genus 16: Kleter, p. 223 Ethiopical or Malagasy species, male forceps with specific teeth or tubercles Genus 17: Afrocosmia, p. 232 Oriental or Indo-Austral species 12 Male forceps fully developed, conspicuously elongated Genus 18: Lipodes, p. 236 Male forceps normally developed Genus 19: Cosmiola, p. 238

Genus 7: Brachycosmiella gen.nov. Species typica: Emboros sogai BRINDLE, 1966.

Description: Very similar in general character to Cosmiella VERHOEFF, but tegmina shortened, conspicuous, strongly reduced, and represented by lateral flaps; lateral longitudinal ridge-like edge or keel of tegmina well developed. Wings entirely absent. Body a little depressed, black and shiny. Male forceps

165 long and slender. Virga within male genital lobe elongate, with a strongly sclerotized plate near basal section. Distribution: Madagascar. Single species. 1. Brachycosmiella sogai (BRINDLE) comb.nov. 1966 Emboros sogai BRINDLE, Trans. R. ent. London, 118: 252; fig. 58 (head, pronotum, and tegmina), 64 (genitalia of holotype). - Terra typica: Madagascar (Type male: Inst. Recherches scient., Madagascar). Literature: BRINDLE, 1969; SAKAI, 1973, 1982.

Description: Male generally black, shiny; lateral margins of pronotum yellowish. Head broad, tumid, smooth; postfrontal and coronal sutures distinct; posterior margin more or less straight with rounded posterior angles. Eyes comparatively small, essentially shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint long, slightly longer than distance between antennal bases; second quadrate, third joint about as long as fourth, or shorter, and equal to fifth. Pronotum quadrate; lateral margins straight, and parallel, posterior margin convex; median longitudinal furrow short, but distinct at prozona; metazona short, flat. Tegmina (Fig. 261) undeveloped, represented by a lateral flaps. Wings entirely absent. Abdomen elongate, shiny and impunctate; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 prominent. Ultimate tergite narrowed posteriorly, simple. Branches of forceps very simple, narrow, slender, contiguous, except at base, reddish. Genitalia (Fig. 262) well developed; central parameral plate narrowed

Fig. 261 Thoracal nota of Brachycosmiella sogai (BRINDLE). After BRINDLE.

Fig. 262 Holotype genital armature of Brachycosmiella sogai (BRINDLE). After BRINDLE.

166 basally and broadened apically, virga within genital lobe long, with a strongly sclerotized plate near base; external parameres fully developed, large. - Female similar to male, but abdomen more dilated; forceps contiguous and slender, pygidium hidden. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 11.5-12.5 mm. Distribution: Madagascar. Genus 8: Paracosmiella gen.nov. Species typica: Emboros (¡¡versus HINCKS, 1953.

Description: Very similar in general character to Cosmiella VERHOEFF. Head tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures distinct. Eyes moderately small, less than length of head behind eyes. Antennae with first joint longer than distance between antennal bases. Tegmina rudimentary, and associated with a very short section medially or not touching; lateral longitudinal ridge-like edge present. Wings absent. Abdomen with lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 well developed; abdomen dilated to segments 6 - 7 then narrowed; ultimate tergite narrowed posteriorly in both sexes. Forceps usually simple, inner margins with or without median tooth. Male genitalia comparatively short and wide, virga within genital lobe with specific curvature basally. Distribution: East Africa and Madagascar. 2 species. Identification key to the species 1

Tegmina comparatively short, and associated with a short section medially; male forceps short and wide, simple, inner margins without median tooth (Fig. 263); male genitalia with longer virga, and virga without sclerotized plate basally (Fig. 264). African species 1. Paracosmiella simplex, p. 166 1' Tegmina comparatively long, and not touching medially; male forceps longer and slender, inner margins with median tooth (Fig. 267); male genitalia with shorter virga, and virga with sclerotized plate basally (Fig. 268). Malagasy species 2. Paracosmiella diversa, p. 167

1. Paracosmiella simplex (BRINDLE) comb.nov. 1966 Archidux simplex BRINDLE, Revue Zool. Bot. afr., Bruxelles, 74: 47; fig. 23 (male ultimate tergite with forceps), 24 (genitalia of holotype), 25 (female forceps). - Terra typica: Tanzania (Type male: Mus. R. afr. Centr., Tervuren). Literature: BRINDLE, 1973, 1975; SAKAI, 1973, 1 9 8 2 .

Description: Male small and blackish; head yellowish-red. Head tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct; posterior margin rounded. Eyes smaller, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae 11-jointed; first joint as long as distance between antennal bases; second quadrate, third slightly shorter than fourth, fifth and the rest of the joints long and rather moniliform. Pronotum slightly transverse, anterior angles with prominent lateral ridges but actual antero-lateral angles blunt; lateral margins more or less straight, posterior margin almost straight, but posterior angles rounded. Tegmina short, posterior

166 basally and broadened apically, virga within genital lobe long, with a strongly sclerotized plate near base; external parameres fully developed, large. - Female similar to male, but abdomen more dilated; forceps contiguous and slender, pygidium hidden. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 11.5-12.5 mm. Distribution: Madagascar. Genus 8: Paracosmiella gen.nov. Species typica: Emboros (¡¡versus HINCKS, 1953.

Description: Very similar in general character to Cosmiella VERHOEFF. Head tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures distinct. Eyes moderately small, less than length of head behind eyes. Antennae with first joint longer than distance between antennal bases. Tegmina rudimentary, and associated with a very short section medially or not touching; lateral longitudinal ridge-like edge present. Wings absent. Abdomen with lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 well developed; abdomen dilated to segments 6 - 7 then narrowed; ultimate tergite narrowed posteriorly in both sexes. Forceps usually simple, inner margins with or without median tooth. Male genitalia comparatively short and wide, virga within genital lobe with specific curvature basally. Distribution: East Africa and Madagascar. 2 species. Identification key to the species 1

Tegmina comparatively short, and associated with a short section medially; male forceps short and wide, simple, inner margins without median tooth (Fig. 263); male genitalia with longer virga, and virga without sclerotized plate basally (Fig. 264). African species 1. Paracosmiella simplex, p. 166 1' Tegmina comparatively long, and not touching medially; male forceps longer and slender, inner margins with median tooth (Fig. 267); male genitalia with shorter virga, and virga with sclerotized plate basally (Fig. 268). Malagasy species 2. Paracosmiella diversa, p. 167

1. Paracosmiella simplex (BRINDLE) comb.nov. 1966 Archidux simplex BRINDLE, Revue Zool. Bot. afr., Bruxelles, 74: 47; fig. 23 (male ultimate tergite with forceps), 24 (genitalia of holotype), 25 (female forceps). - Terra typica: Tanzania (Type male: Mus. R. afr. Centr., Tervuren). Literature: BRINDLE, 1973, 1975; SAKAI, 1973, 1 9 8 2 .

Description: Male small and blackish; head yellowish-red. Head tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct; posterior margin rounded. Eyes smaller, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae 11-jointed; first joint as long as distance between antennal bases; second quadrate, third slightly shorter than fourth, fifth and the rest of the joints long and rather moniliform. Pronotum slightly transverse, anterior angles with prominent lateral ridges but actual antero-lateral angles blunt; lateral margins more or less straight, posterior margin almost straight, but posterior angles rounded. Tegmina short, posterior

167 margins obliquely truncate; lateral longitudinal ridge-like edge well defined, and equal in length to pronotum; sutural margins short, the length less than half the length of the pronotum. Legs long, femora slightly dilated; tibiae shorter than femora; first tarsal joint as long as both second and distal segments in posterior legs, comparatively shorter in the four anterior legs. Abdomen shiny, and strongly punctate; dilated to segments 4 - 6 , then narrowed; lateral glandular fold on third tergite small, and well developed on fourth. Ultimate tergite transverse, almost smooth; pygidium hidden. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 263) cylindrical, short, broad at base, slightly curved proximally, but curved sharply near apex. Genitalia (Fig. 264) short and broad; central parameral plate oval, virga within genital lobe comparatively long, without sclerotized plate basally; external parameres evenly rounded, equal in size and shape. - Female similar to male, but usually lighter in colour, including the legs; ultimate tergite narrowed posteriorly, with a single median depression on posterior margin; forceps (Fig. 265) slenderer than in male, tapered distally, branches straight except towards apices which are strongly curved mesad. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 9.5-10 mm. Distribution: Tanzania.

Fig. 263 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Paracosmiella simplex (BRINDLE). After BRINDLE.

Fig. 264 Holotype genital armature of Paracosmiella simplex (BRINDLE). After BRINDLE.

Fig. 265 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Paracosmiella simplex (BRINDLE). After BRINDLE.

2. Paracosmiella diversa (HINCKS) comb.nov. 1953 Emboros diversus HINCKS, Mém. Inst, scient. Madag., (E) 4:378; fig. 21 (male in dorsal view), 22 (genitalia of holotype). - Terra typica: Madagascar (Type male: Mus. nation. Hist, nat., Paris). L i t e r a t u r e : BRINDLE, 1 9 6 6 , 1 9 6 9 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 .

Description: Male general colour brown; tibiae, and tarsi, third antennal joints light brown, forceps yellowish-red. Head broad, frons tumid; postfrontal and

168

coronal sutures distinct; posterior margin of head convex in the middle. Eyes normally developed, but shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint long, a little longer than distance between antennal bases; second quadrate, third shorter than fourth. Pronotum longer than wide; lateral margins straight, and a little expanded posteriorly; posterior margin convex; median longitudinal furrow present, and long. Prozona tumid, metazona flat, narrow, transverse. Tegmina (Fig. 266) specific, not touching medially; lateral margins convex with sharp longitudinal keels. Wings entirely absent. Abdomen elongate, lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 small. Ultimate tergite narrowed posteriorly, transverse, with smaller depression medially near posterior margin. Pygidium small, posterior margin with two very small tubercles laterally. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 267) slender, more or less cylindrical or subcylindrical in cross-section, inner margins with a small, but prominent median tooth. Genitalia (Fig. 268) short and broad; central parameral plate narrowed basally, virga within genital lobe comparatively short, with (sometimes without) sclerotized plate basally; external parameres normally developed, obtuse. Female very similar to male, but abdomen shorter, and broader, forceps simple, tapering, contiguous. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 13-14.5 mm. Distribution: Madagascar.

Fig. 266 Thoracal nota of Paracosmiella diversa (HINCKS). After HINCKS. After HINCKS.

Fig. 267 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Paracosmiella diversa (HINCKS). After HINCKS.

Genus 9: Forcepsia

Fig. 268 Holotype genital armature of Paracosmiella diversa (HINCKS). After HINCKS.

MOREIRA

1930 Forcepsia MOREIRA, Bol. Inst. biol. Def. agr., Rio de Janeiro, 7: 9. - Species typica: Forcepsia pulla MOREIRA, 1930 (for subfamily Pygidicraninae). 1932 Forcepsia - MENOZZI, Rev. Ent., 2 (2): 165 (transferred to subfamily Neolobophorinae).

168

coronal sutures distinct; posterior margin of head convex in the middle. Eyes normally developed, but shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint long, a little longer than distance between antennal bases; second quadrate, third shorter than fourth. Pronotum longer than wide; lateral margins straight, and a little expanded posteriorly; posterior margin convex; median longitudinal furrow present, and long. Prozona tumid, metazona flat, narrow, transverse. Tegmina (Fig. 266) specific, not touching medially; lateral margins convex with sharp longitudinal keels. Wings entirely absent. Abdomen elongate, lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 small. Ultimate tergite narrowed posteriorly, transverse, with smaller depression medially near posterior margin. Pygidium small, posterior margin with two very small tubercles laterally. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 267) slender, more or less cylindrical or subcylindrical in cross-section, inner margins with a small, but prominent median tooth. Genitalia (Fig. 268) short and broad; central parameral plate narrowed basally, virga within genital lobe comparatively short, with (sometimes without) sclerotized plate basally; external parameres normally developed, obtuse. Female very similar to male, but abdomen shorter, and broader, forceps simple, tapering, contiguous. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 13-14.5 mm. Distribution: Madagascar.

Fig. 266 Thoracal nota of Paracosmiella diversa (HINCKS). After HINCKS. After HINCKS.

Fig. 267 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Paracosmiella diversa (HINCKS). After HINCKS.

Genus 9: Forcepsia

Fig. 268 Holotype genital armature of Paracosmiella diversa (HINCKS). After HINCKS.

MOREIRA

1930 Forcepsia MOREIRA, Bol. Inst. biol. Def. agr., Rio de Janeiro, 7: 9. - Species typica: Forcepsia pulla MOREIRA, 1930 (for subfamily Pygidicraninae). 1932 Forcepsia - MENOZZI, Rev. Ent., 2 (2): 165 (transferred to subfamily Neolobophorinae).

169 1975 Forcepsia - STEINMANN, Acta zool. hung., 21: 219 (transferred to subfamily Rhyacolabinae). 1989 Forcepsia - STEINMANN, World Catalogue of Dermaptera, Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, p. 676 (transferred to subfamily Cosmiellinae). Literature: BRINDLE, 1970; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1968; REICHARDT, 1971; SAKAI, 1973, 1982; TOWNES, 1945.

Description: In 1 9 3 0 M O R E I R A separated a genus within the family Pygidicranidae (subfamily Pygidicraninae) in which the male forceps is strongly elongated and the tegmina abbreviated. Body shiny black when fully mature. Eyes very small, and occiput not inflated. Cuticle coriaceous anteriorly, abdominal tergites lightly punctate. Male forceps with branches slender, about as long as the length of abdomen, or a little longer. Forceps of female with branches slender, shorter, almost straight, and contiguous. Distribution: Brazil. Single species. 1.

Forcepsia pulla

MOREIRA

1930 Forcepsia pulla MOREIRA, Bol. Inst. biol. Def. agr., Rio de Janeiro, 7: 9; fig. 1 a (male in dorsal view), 1 b (female abdominal end with forceps). - Terra typica: Brazil (Type male: Inst. Biol. Def. Agr., Rio de Janeiro). Literature: BRINDLE, 1970; MENOZZI, 1932; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1968; REICHARDT, 1971; SAKAI, 1973, 1982; STEINMANN, 1 9 7 5 .

Description: Male general colour black; tarsi yellowish-brown, antennae brown, basal joint black; shiny. Cuticle coriaceous anteriorly, and lightly punctate posteriorly. Head rounded; postfrontal and coronal sutures distinct; posterior margin faintly convex in the middle. Eyes very small, essentially shorter

Fig. 269

Thoracal nota of Forcepsia pulla

MOREIRA. A f t e r MOREIRA.

Fig. 270

Male ultimate tergite with forceps of

Forcepsia

pulla

MOREIRA. A f t e r MOREIRA.

170 than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae 12-jointed; first joint long, about as long as distance between antennal bases; second quadrate, third shorter than fourth, the rest elongate, slender, cylindrical. Pronotum rectangular, with a wide area of mesonotum visible beyond posterior margin; lateral margins more or less straight and parallel, posterior margin convex; median longitudinal furrow indistinct. Tegmina (Fig. 269) abbreviated, about as long as wide, and posterior margin obliquely truncate; lateral margins convex, with longitudinal ridge-like edge. Wings absent. Abdomen elongate, lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 small but prominent. Ultimate tergite transverse, simple, sometimes with a smaller depression medially near posterior margin. Pygidium small, apex excised medially. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 270) slender, widely separated basally, slightly curved basally, then almost straight; inner margins with a well-marked basal, and a smaller, but prominent, median tooth. Genitalia (unknown to me) of Cosmiella-type; central parameral plate broad and a little oval, virga within genital lobe comparatively long, external parameres normally developed, obtuse. - Female similar to male, but forceps with branches slenderer, shorter, almost straight, and contiguous. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 12-14mm. Distribution: Brazil. Genus 10: Neocosmiella 1919 Neocosmiella

HEBARD

HEBARD, Trans. Am. ent., Soc., 45: 95. - Species typica: Neocosmiella atrata (for subfamily Opisthocosmiinae). - STEINMANN, Acta zool. hung., 21: 219 (transferred to subfamily Rhyacolabi-

HEBARD, 1 9 1 9

1975 Neocosmiella nae). 1989 Neocosmiella - STEINMANN, World Catalogue of Dermaptera, Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, p. 687 (transferred to subfamily Cosmiellinae). L i t e r a t u r e : BRINDLE, 1 9 7 0 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 ; R E H N , 1 9 2 2 ; REICHARDT, 1 9 7 1 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; TOWNES, 1 9 4 5 .

Description: Tegmina abbreviated, about as long as wide, and posterior margins obliquely truncate. This genus has the tegmina keeled to near the distal portion and the dorsal abdominal segments neither recurved or acute laterad on males. General external characteristic similar to Cosmiella VERHOEFF. Pronotum more or less as long as wide or transverse. Abdomen elongate, somewhat fusiform, with ultimate tergite transverse. Male forceps elongate, branches strongly curved at basal portion, with sharp basal tooth on inner margins. Female forceps with branches simple, tapering, cylindrical. Distribution: Neotropical region. 2 species. Identification key to the species 1

P r o n o t u m quadrate, more or less as long as wide, or sometimes a little longer; lateral longitudinal keel of tegmina comparatively short (Fig. 271); head, p r o n o t u m , and abdomen shiny black 1. Neocosmiella atrata, p. 171

170 than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae 12-jointed; first joint long, about as long as distance between antennal bases; second quadrate, third shorter than fourth, the rest elongate, slender, cylindrical. Pronotum rectangular, with a wide area of mesonotum visible beyond posterior margin; lateral margins more or less straight and parallel, posterior margin convex; median longitudinal furrow indistinct. Tegmina (Fig. 269) abbreviated, about as long as wide, and posterior margin obliquely truncate; lateral margins convex, with longitudinal ridge-like edge. Wings absent. Abdomen elongate, lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 small but prominent. Ultimate tergite transverse, simple, sometimes with a smaller depression medially near posterior margin. Pygidium small, apex excised medially. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 270) slender, widely separated basally, slightly curved basally, then almost straight; inner margins with a well-marked basal, and a smaller, but prominent, median tooth. Genitalia (unknown to me) of Cosmiella-type; central parameral plate broad and a little oval, virga within genital lobe comparatively long, external parameres normally developed, obtuse. - Female similar to male, but forceps with branches slenderer, shorter, almost straight, and contiguous. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 12-14mm. Distribution: Brazil. Genus 10: Neocosmiella 1919 Neocosmiella

HEBARD

HEBARD, Trans. Am. ent., Soc., 45: 95. - Species typica: Neocosmiella atrata (for subfamily Opisthocosmiinae). - STEINMANN, Acta zool. hung., 21: 219 (transferred to subfamily Rhyacolabi-

HEBARD, 1 9 1 9

1975 Neocosmiella nae). 1989 Neocosmiella - STEINMANN, World Catalogue of Dermaptera, Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, p. 687 (transferred to subfamily Cosmiellinae). L i t e r a t u r e : BRINDLE, 1 9 7 0 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 ; R E H N , 1 9 2 2 ; REICHARDT, 1 9 7 1 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; TOWNES, 1 9 4 5 .

Description: Tegmina abbreviated, about as long as wide, and posterior margins obliquely truncate. This genus has the tegmina keeled to near the distal portion and the dorsal abdominal segments neither recurved or acute laterad on males. General external characteristic similar to Cosmiella VERHOEFF. Pronotum more or less as long as wide or transverse. Abdomen elongate, somewhat fusiform, with ultimate tergite transverse. Male forceps elongate, branches strongly curved at basal portion, with sharp basal tooth on inner margins. Female forceps with branches simple, tapering, cylindrical. Distribution: Neotropical region. 2 species. Identification key to the species 1

P r o n o t u m quadrate, more or less as long as wide, or sometimes a little longer; lateral longitudinal keel of tegmina comparatively short (Fig. 271); head, p r o n o t u m , and abdomen shiny black 1. Neocosmiella atrata, p. 171

171 1' Pronotum transverse, strongly broader than long; lateral longitudinal keel of tegmina long (Fig. 273); head, pronotum, and abdomen brown 2. Neocosmiella magniflca, p. 172 1.

Neocosmiella atrata

HEBARD

1919 Neocosmiella atrata HEBARD, Trans. Am. ent. Soc., 45: 96; pi. 16, fig. 4 (male in dorsal view). Terra typica: Colombia (Type male, type No. 443: Acad. Sci., Philadelphia). Literature: BRINDLE, 1966, 1970; MARIA, 1 9 3 7 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1968; REICHARDT, 1 9 7 1 ; SAKAI, 1973, 1982.

Description: Male head, pronotum, and abdomen shiny black, antennae deep chestnut, excepting scape which is shiny black; tegmina, and legs dark brownish red. Head short, convex, with twin impressions between eyes and with several weak concavities mesad on the moderately convex occiput. Eyes normally developed, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint long, a little longer than distance between antennal bases; second quadrate, third shorter than fourth, rest broken in holotype. Pronotum ample, about as long as wide; lateral margins straight and parallel, posterior margin faintly convex; median longitudinal furrow indistinct. Tegmina (Fig. 271) abbreviated, with a well-developed, but short, lateral longitudinal keel, becoming sharp near distal margin. Wings entirely absent. Abdomen elongate, a little depressed; lateral glandular folds small, but prominent on tergites 3 - 4 . Ultimate tergite simple, ample, transverse. Pygidium inconspicuous, declivent, surface weakly convex. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 272) elongate, cylindrical, very slender, smooth, but armed with a large basal tooth near pygidium; branches weakly curved in basal half, inner margins of basal section crenulate; apical section straight, except near apex. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 18 mm. Distribution: Colombia.

Fig. 271 Thoracal nota of Neocosmiella atrata HEBARD. After HEBARD.

Fig. 272 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Neocosmiella atrata HEBARD. After HEBARD.

172 2. Neocosmiella magnifica sp.nov. Terra typica: Costa Rica, Vara Blanca, 2000m, zwischen Barba & Poas, H. SCHMIDT. - Type female: Termeszettudomanyi, Muzeum, Budapest. - Paratype female, 1 ex.: Costa Rica, Rancho Redondo, 5 - X I - 2300 m, C. W. DODGE ( M U S . comp. Zool., Cambridge).

Description: Female body generally brown; lateral margins of pronotum and legs, yellowish-brown. Head broad; postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct; posterior margin of head convex in the middle. Eyes normally developed, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint long, cylindrical, longer than distance between antennal bases; second quadrate, third a little shorter than fourth. Pronotum transverse; lateral margins straight and parallel; posterior margin convex; median longitudinal furrow present. Tegmina abbreviated (Fig. 273), obliquely truncate posteriorly; lateral margins convex with sharp and long longitudinal keels. Abdomen comparatively short, a little depressed, and oval in dorsal view; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 well developed. Ultimate tergite narrowed apically, simple, smooth, but a little depressed medially near posterior margins. Pygidium small, rounded apically. Penultimate sternite simple, rounded posteriorly. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 274) a little depressed basally, cylindrical in cross-section medially and apically; inner margins very faintly serrated. - Male unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 12-15 mm. Distribution: Costa Rica.

Fig. 273 Thoracal nota of Neocosmiella magnifica sp.n. Original.

Fig. 274 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Neocosmiella magnifica sp.n. Original.

Genus 11: Liparura

BURR

1907 Liparura BURR, Trans, ent. Soc., London, 1907: 119. - Species typica: Neolobophora

asiatica

BORMANS, 1897 (nec BURR, 1907) (for subfamily Neolobophorinae).

1910 Liparura-BURR, Fauna brit. India, Dermaptera: 181 (transferred to subfamily Opisthocosmiinae).

172 2. Neocosmiella magnifica sp.nov. Terra typica: Costa Rica, Vara Blanca, 2000m, zwischen Barba & Poas, H. SCHMIDT. - Type female: Termeszettudomanyi, Muzeum, Budapest. - Paratype female, 1 ex.: Costa Rica, Rancho Redondo, 5 - X I - 2300 m, C. W. DODGE ( M U S . comp. Zool., Cambridge).

Description: Female body generally brown; lateral margins of pronotum and legs, yellowish-brown. Head broad; postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct; posterior margin of head convex in the middle. Eyes normally developed, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint long, cylindrical, longer than distance between antennal bases; second quadrate, third a little shorter than fourth. Pronotum transverse; lateral margins straight and parallel; posterior margin convex; median longitudinal furrow present. Tegmina abbreviated (Fig. 273), obliquely truncate posteriorly; lateral margins convex with sharp and long longitudinal keels. Abdomen comparatively short, a little depressed, and oval in dorsal view; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 well developed. Ultimate tergite narrowed apically, simple, smooth, but a little depressed medially near posterior margins. Pygidium small, rounded apically. Penultimate sternite simple, rounded posteriorly. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 274) a little depressed basally, cylindrical in cross-section medially and apically; inner margins very faintly serrated. - Male unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 12-15 mm. Distribution: Costa Rica.

Fig. 273 Thoracal nota of Neocosmiella magnifica sp.n. Original.

Fig. 274 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Neocosmiella magnifica sp.n. Original.

Genus 11: Liparura

BURR

1907 Liparura BURR, Trans, ent. Soc., London, 1907: 119. - Species typica: Neolobophora

asiatica

BORMANS, 1897 (nec BURR, 1907) (for subfamily Neolobophorinae).

1910 Liparura-BURR, Fauna brit. India, Dermaptera: 181 (transferred to subfamily Opisthocosmiinae).

173 1975 Liparura - STEINMANN, Acta zool. hung., 21: 216 (transferred to subfamily Cosmiellinae). L i t e r a t u r e : BURR, 1 9 1 1 ; KAPOOR, 1967; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1968; SAKAI, 1973, 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 , 1 9 7 7 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 8 3 ; TOWNES, 1 9 4 5

Description: Head weakly convex, sutures faint or distinct; antennae long and slender, 3rd and 4th subequal but shorter than fifth. Tegmina abbreviated, about as long as wide, and obliquely truncate posteriorly; lateral longitudinal keels sharp, well developed; wings absent. Legs long and slender, first tarsal joint longer than the remaining two segments together. Abdomen punctate, greatly expanded in middle; ultimate tergite transverse, strongly sloping backwards and gently narrowed. Male forceps various, elongated, internally armed; female forceps simple, and straight. Distribution: South Asia. 7 species (and 1 species in doubtful position). Identification key to the species 1 V 2 2' 3

3' 4 4' 5

5' 6

6'

Pronotum quadrate. Male forceps simple, cylindrical in cross-section and without teeth or dorsal edge, as in Fig. 275 1. Liparura simplex, p. 173 Pronotum transverse or slightly longer than wide. Male forceps with inner tooth or teeth or dorsal edge basally 2 Male forceps subcontiguous, straight and with a dorsal ridge above, close to inner margin in basal third only (Fig. 276) 2. Liparura punctata, p. 174 Male forceps without dorsal ridge basally, but with inner tooth or teeth 3 Male ultimate tergite with smaller, but well-marked lateral spine (Fig. 279); male forceps very slender; central parameral plate of male genitalia comparatively large, virga very long (Fig. 280) 3. Liparura montuosa, p. 176 Male ultimate tergite without lateral spine; male forceps normally developed, with one tooth or two teeth on inner margin 4 Pronotum slightly longer than wide. Male froceps a little depressed or cylindrical, inner margins with two teeth (Fig. 281) 4. Liparura dentata, p. 177 Pronotum transverse. Male forceps more or less cylindrical, inner margins with one smaller or larger median tooth 5 Abdomen faintly punctate, sides of segments 4 - 7 not recurved, and oblique ridge present on the sides of segments 5 and 6 only. Male forceps as in Fig. 284 5.Liparura kamengensis, p. 178 Abdomen deeply punctate 6 Ultimate tergite with four black longitudinal stripes; male forceps with a smaller inner tooth on the ventral edge (Fig. 287); virga within male genital lobe with a specific sclerotized curvature basally (Fig. 288) 6. Liparura serrata, p. 179 Ultimate tergite without longitudinal stripes; male forceps with a larger inner tooth, which is directed dorsally (Fig. 289); virga within male genital lobe without sclerotized curvature basally (Fig. 290) 7. Liparura tegminata, p. 180 1.

Liparura simplex

BRINDLE

1975 Liparura simplex BRINDLE, Ent. basiliensia, 1: 55; fig. 61 (male in dorsal view). - Terra typica: Bhutan (Type male: Naturhist. Mus., Basel). Literature: SAKAI, 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 7 .

Description: Male very dark reddish or yellowish-brown, abdomen blackish; antennae yellow, basal segment brown; legs reddish-brown. Cuticle of head

174 sparsely punctate and pubescent, pronotum smooth and shiny, tegmina coriaceous, dull; abdomen smooth, shiny, with very large and deep punctures. Head transverse, tumid, except for a transverse depressed area along the postfrontal sutures, and with two small depressions between the antennal bases. Eyes large, but a little shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint long, a little longer than distance between antennal bases; second quadrate, third nearly three times as long as wide, fourth nearly equal in length to third. Pronotum quadrate, lateral margins slightly curved and reflexed dorsally, posterior margin weakly convex; two small transverse elliptical depressions occur on each side of anterior half and a longitudinal median furrow extends almost the entire length. Tegmina short, exposing a part of the mesonotum and a triangular area (scutellum); both tegmina with a narrow explanate border curved dorsally, forming a lateral keel. Abdomen strongly narrowed anteriorly and posteriorly, wide at tergites 5-6; lateral glandular folds on third tergite relatively large, those on fourth very large. Ultimate tergite narrow, simple. Pygidium hidden. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 275) cylindrical, gradually narrowed distally and curved beyond midpoint; simple. - Female similar to male, but forceps slenderer, tapering, contiguous (new record from India). - Length of body with forceps: male: 13,5-14 mm, female: 14.5 mm. Distribution: Bhutan and India.

2. Liparura punctata

(BURR)

1907 Neolobophora asiatica BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. London, 1907: 119. - Terra typica: India (Type male: Mus. nation. Hist. nat. Paris). 1910 Liparura punctata BURR, Fauna brit. India, Dermaptera: 182; fig. 64 (male in dorsal view) (new name for Neolobophora asiatica BURR, 1907, a junior secondary homonymy of Neolobophora asiatica BORMANS, 1897).

175 Literature: BORELLI,

1 9 2 7 ; BURR, 1 9 1 1 ; KAPOOR, 1 9 6 7 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ;

SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 7 ; STEINMANN,

1983.

Description: Male general colour dark brownish-black except antennae, tibiae and tarsi, yellowish-brown. Head smooth, about as long as wide; frons convex with two faint depressions in the middle, posterior margin emarginate in the middle. Eyes prominent, but shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint slender and long, longer than distance between antennal bases; second small, quadrate; third and 4th almost equal but shorter than fifth. Pronotum smooth, weakly transverse, slightly narrowed posteriorly, sides straight, gently reflexed; prozona tumid with a faint round depression on either side of median longitudinal furrow; metazona flat. Tegmina abbreviated, smooth; lateral margin with a sharp ridge, posterior margin obliquely truncate. Wings absent. Abdomen deeply punctate, convex above, greatly enlarged in middle; lateral glandular folds weakly marked on third and well developed on fourth tergite, sides of segments rounded. Ultimate tergite with punctate and smooth stripes alternating, transverse, strongly sloping, narrowed posteriorly. Penultimate sternite punctate, transverse, triangular. Branches of forceps (Fig. 276) long and cylindrical, contiguous and straight in basal third, with a faint ridge above, running close to inner margin, afterwards strongly curved enclosing on oval space, apices pointed. Genitalia (Fig. 277) of Liparura-type; central parameral plate short and broad, virga within genital lobe comparatively elongated with sclerotized curvature basally; external parameres large, obtuse. -

Fig. 276 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Liparura punctata (BURR). After BURR.

Fig. 277 Male genital armature of Liparura punctata (BURR). After SRIVASTAVA.

Fig. 278 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Liparura punctata (BURR). Original.

176 Female similar to male, but penultimate sternite broadly rounded posteriorly; ultimate tergite strongly narrowed posteriorly and weakly sloping; forceps (Fig. 278) simple and straight, inner margins faintly crenulate. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 14-18 mm. Distribution: India, Bhutan, China: Yunnan. 3.

Liparura montuosa

STEINMANN

1983 Liparura montuosa STEINMANN, Revue suisse Zool., 90 (3): 553; fig. 9 (holotype ultimate tergite with forceps), 10 (genitalia of holotype). - Terra typica: Nepal (Type male, gen.prep. No. 788, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN: MUS. d'Hist. nat., Geneve).

Description: Male general colour dark reddish-brown; end of abdomen and forceps black, shiny. Head large, tumid; postfrontal and coronal sutures well marked; posterior margin of head convex in the middle. Eyes prominent, but a little shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae 10-jointed; first joint very long, longer than distance between antennal bases; second transverse, third long, about as long as fourth. Pronotum transverse, a little wider than long; lateral margins parallel, posterior angles rounded, last margin convex; median longitudinal furrow present; prozona large, tumid, lateral portion of plate deplanate. Tegmina abbreviated, short, with well-marked lateral longitudinal keels; posterior margins obliquely truncate. Wings absent. Abdominal tergites with faint punctures; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 well marked. Ultimate tergite transverse, anterior portion of plate tumid, and ending laterally

V Fig. 279 Male abdominal end with forceps of Liparura montuosa STEINMANN. After

Fig. 280 Holotype genital armature of Liparura montuosa STEINMANN.

STEINMANN.

A f t e r STEINMANN.

177 in characteristic lobe; posterior portion depressed. Penultimate sternite normal, rounded posteriorly. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 279) elongated, slender, with specific narrowed portion basally. Genitalia (Fig. 280, gen.prep. No. 788, det. Dr. H . STEINMANN) with comparatively large and broad central parameral plate; virga within genital lobe very long, with smaller, but strongly sclerotized, plate basally; external parameres fully developed, somewhat sclerotized. - Female very similar to male, but forceps slender, tapering, contiguous. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 14-18 mm. Distribution: Nepal. 4.

Liparura dentata

SRIVASTAVA

1977 Liparura dentata SRIVASTAVA, Oriental Insects, 11 (2): 190; fig.3e (male in dorsal view), 3f (penultimate sternite), 3g (genitalia of holotype), 3h (female forceps). - Terra typica: India (Type male: Nation. Coll. Zool. Survey India, Calcutta). Literature: SAKAI, 1982.

Description: Male head, pronotum, legs and forceps testaceous brown, abdomen blackish-brown. Head smooth, about as long as wide; postfrontal and coronal sutures distinct; posterior margin faintly convex. Eyes prominent, but essentially shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae 11-jointed; first joint long, longer than distance between antennal bases; second short, third and fourth almost equal, the remaining joints gradually increasing in length apically. Pronotum slightly longer than wide, lateral margins straight and reflexed above, posterior margin rounded; pronoza slightly raised with a faint depression on

Fig. 281 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Liparura dentata SRIVASTAVA. After SRIVASTAVA.

Fig. 282 Holotype genital armature of Liparura dentata SRIVASTAVA. After SRIVASTAVA.

Fig. 283 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Liparura dentata SRIVASTAVA. After SRIVASTAVA.

178 either side of median longitudinal furrow; metazona flat. Tegmina abbreviated, smooth, lateral margins with a sharp and complete ridge, posterior margins obliquely truncate. Wings absent. Abdomen greatly enlarged in middle, surface with deep punctures, punctation slightly finer on anterior and posterior segments, sides of segments convex, deeply and closely punctate; weak lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 . Ultimate tergite transverse, punctation sparse, contracted and sloping backwards, sides gently concave in middle, faintly tumid above the roots of forceps and slightly depressed in the middle. Pygidium small, rounded. Penultimate sternite transverse, broadly rounded posteriorly. Branches of forceps (Fig. 281) stout, remote at base, depressed, tapering apically, straight, gradually diverging in basal two-thirds, afterwards strongly curved with apices gently hooked; inner margins armed with a strong tooth situated a little beyond middle, followed by another weaker tooth a little before apex. Genitalia (Fig. 282) comparatively small; central parameral plate short and broad, virga within genital lobe of Liparura-type, elongate; external parameres well developed, obtuse. - Female as male, but forceps (Fig. 283) simple, inner margins without teeth. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 12-14 mm. Distribution: India. 5.

Liparura kamengensis

SRIVASTAVA

1977 Liparura kamengensis SRIVASTAVA, Oriental Insects, 11 (2): 192; fig. 4 a (male in dorsal view), 4 b (penultimate sternite), 4c (genitalia of holotype), 4 d (female forceps). - Terra typica: India (Type male: Nation. Coll. Zool. Survey India, Calcutta). Literature: SAKAI,, 1982.

Description: Male general colour blackish-brown, pronotum on the lateral margins, and legs brownish-yellow; ultimate tergite with four black longitudinal stripes. Head longer than wide, moderately convex, smooth, postfrontal and coronal sutures faint; posterior margin somewhat emarginate in the middle. Eyes prominent, but shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae 11 -jointed; first joint long, about as long as distance between antennal bases; second short, third slightly longer than fourth. Pronotum transverse, smooth, lateral margins straight and gently reflexed, median longitudinal furrow distinct; posterior margin briefly rounded. Tegmina abbreviated, smooth, lateral longitudinal keels well developed; posterior margins gently oblique, a small triangular scutellum visible. Wings absent. Legs slender and long, typical for the genus. Abdomen greatly enlarged in middle, faintly punctate, a few apical tergites almost smooth, lateral glandular folds on third tergite weak and on fourth tergite strongly developed; sides of abdominal tergites 1 - 4 acute but not recurved, a faint oblique carina present on the sides of segments 5th to 7th only. Ultimate tergite weakly transverse, depressed, almost smooth, somewhat narrowed posteriorly. Penultimate sternite broadly rounded posteriorly. Branches of forceps (Fig. 284) subremote at base, long and slender, tapering apically, almost straight, curved a

179

Fig. 285 Holotype genital armature of Liparura

Fig. 284 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Liparura kamengensis

kamengensis

SRIVASTAVA.

A f t e r SRIVASTAVA.

After

SRIVASTAVA.

Fig. 286 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Liparura kamengensis SRIVASTAVA. O r i g i n a l .

SRIVASTAVA.

little before apex, tip hooked and pointed; inner margins with a prominent tooth medially. Genitalia (Fig. 285) typical for the genus; central parameral plate short, narrowed basally, expanded apically; virga within genital lobe of medium size, external parameres well developed, obtuse. - Female similar to male, but ultimate tergite larger, and forceps (Fig. 286) straight, cylindrical, simple. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 10-11,5 mm. Distribution: India. 6.

Liparura serrata

SRIVASTAVA

1977 Liparura serrata SRIVASTAVA, Oriental Insects, 11 (2): 193; fig. 4 e (male in dorsal view), 4 f (penultimate sternite), 4 g (genitalia of holotype). - Terra typica: India (Type male: Nation. Coll. Zool. Survey India, Calcutta). Literature: SAKAI, 1982.

Description: Male general colour blackish-brown, lateral margins of pronotum, legs, and posterior margins of tergites yellowish-brown, ultimate tergite with four black longitudinal stripes. Head smooth, longer than wide, frons and occiput convex; postfrontal and coronal sutures distinct; posterior margin almost straight. Eyes prominent, but shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint long and slender, about as long as distance between antennal bases; second quadrate, third about as long as fourth. Pronotum transverse, smooth, shiny, lateral margins faintly convex and slightly narrowed posteriorly; median longitudinal furrow faint. Tegmina abbreviated, lateral margins with well-marked longitudinal ridges; posterior margin obliquely truncate. Wings

180 absent. Abdomen greatly enlarged in middle, tergites deeply punctured; lateral glandular folds on third tergite weak, but on fourth strongly developed; sides of segments acute, recurved and with an oblique serrated ridge. Ultimate tergite transverse, sloping backwards, punctation as compared to abdominal tergites weaker, gently contracted posteriorly, slightly raised above the bases of the forceps and depressed in middle with a short and deeply marked median longitudinal sulcus. Penultimate sternite punctate, rounded posteriorly. Branches of forceps (Fig. 287) stout, depressed, remote, tapering posteriorly, apices pointed and gently hooked; inner margins with a sharp and distinct tooth medially. Genitalia (Fig. 288) of Liparura-type; central parameral plate comparatively narrow, but oval apically; virga within genital lobe long, with sclerotized curvature basally; external parameres simple, well developed, obtuse. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 14 mm. Distribution: India.

Fig. 287 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Liparura serrata SRIVASTVA. After SRIVASTAVA.

Fig. 288 Holotype genital armature of Liparura serrata SRIVASTAVA. After SRIVASTAVA.

7. Liparura tegminata (STEINMANN) comb.nov. 1983 Brachylabis tegminata STEINMANN, Revue suisse Zool., 90 (3): 547; fig. 5 (female ultimate tergite with forceps). - Terra typica: West Bengal (Type female: Mus. Hist, nat., Geneva).

Description: Male general colour black, shiny; first antennal joint dark, joints 2-10, light brown, tarsi yellowish-brown. Cuticle strongly and deeply punctured, the puncturation faintly on tegmina. Head broad, frons tumid; postfrontal and coronal sutures present; posterior margin of head convex in the middle. Eyes prominent, but a little shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae

181 10-jointed; first joint long, well developed, slightly longer than distance between antennal bases; second quadrate, third about as long as fourth, the rest of the joints elongate, slender, cylindrical. Pronotum transverse, lateral margins straight and a little narrowed posteriorly, posterior margin convex; median longitudinal furrow present. Tegmina abbreviated, lateral longitudinal keels sharp, well marked, posterior margins obliquely truncate. Legs very long, slender, typical of the genus. Abdomen strongly narrowed anteriorly and posteriorly, and expanded medially, lateral margins rounded in dorsal view; lateral glandular folds on tergite 3 very small, and on fourth large, prominent. Sides of abdominal tergites 4 - 7 acute, but without an oblique serrated ridge. Ultimate tergite narrow, comparatively small, simple, without black longitudinal stripes. Penultimate sternite simple, broadly rounded posteriorly. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 289) conspicuous, very slender, cylindrical in cross-section; anterior portion straight and parallel, median section with a large, sharp and acute dorsal tooth, latter directed postero-dorsally; apical portion strongly curved, apices hooked and acute. Genitalia (Fig. 290, gen.prep. No. 995, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) typical for the genus; central parameral plate narrowed basally, widening apically; virga within genital lobe elongate, but without sclerotized curvature basally; external parameres normally developed, obtuse. - Female very similar to male, but forceps very slender, cylindrical, and branches curved, as in Fig. 291. - Length of body with forceps: male: 15-16 mm, female: 12-14 mm. Distribution: Nepal.

Ö Fig. 289 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Liparura tegminata

Fig. 290 Male genital armature of Liparura

(STEINMANN). Original.

Original.

tegminata

(STEINMANN).

Fig. 291 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Liparura tegminata (STEINMANN). Original.

182 Doubtful position ? Liparura sinensis

CHEN

1935 Liparura sinensis CHEN, Sinensia, 6: 219. - Terra typica: China: Kwangsi (Type unknown).

Genus 12: Obelura

BURR

1907 Obelura BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. London, 1907:119. - Species typica: Neolobophora tamul BURR, 1901 (for subfamily Neolobophorinae). 1909 Obelura - BURR, Dt. ent. Z., 1909: 327 (transferred to subfamily Opisthocosmiinae). 1975 Obelura - STEINMANN, Acta zool. hung., 21: 216 (transferred to subfamily Cosmiellinae). Literature: BURR, 1 9 1 0 , 1 9 1 1 ; KAPOOR, 1967; POPHAM, 1965; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1968; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1982; SRIVASTAVA, 1976; STEINMANN, 1986; TOWNES, 1 9 4 5 .

Description: Head smooth, rounded, antennae with joints long and slender. Pronotum as wide as head. Tegmina abbreviated, about as long as wide, trapezoidal, keeled along the outer margin; inner or humeral margin shorter than the outer or costal, thus forming a small scutellum; posterior margin obliquely truncate. Wings abortive. Legs long and slender. Abdomen with lateral tubercles very distinct, smooth; ultimate tergite of male not strongly narrowed, smooth. Forceps with branches subcontiguous at base, very elongate and slender. Distribution: Southern India and Sri Lanka. 2 species. Identification key to the species Tegmina with axillary sternite of male with a 1' Tegmina with axillary penultimate sternite of

1

margin very short, thus exposing a broad scutellum; penultimate spine on each side 1. Obelura asiatica, p. 182 margin scarcely shorter than costal margin, scutellum very small; male unarmed 2. Obelura tamul, p. 183 1.

1 8 9 7 Neolobophora

asiatica

Obelura asiatica

(BORMANS)

BORMANS, i n BOLIVAR ( n e c BURR, 1 9 0 7 ) , A n n l s S o c . e n t . F r . , 6 6 : 2 8 5 ;

pi. 1, fig. 2 (male in dorsal view), 2 a (male forceps in lateral view), 2 b (female ultimate tergite with forceps). - Terra typica: India (Type male: unknown locality). 1907 Obelura asiatica - BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. Lond., 1907: 119. Literature: BORMANS & KRAUSS, 1900; BURR, 1910, 1911; KAPOOR, 1967; KIRBY, 1904; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1968; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1982; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 .

Description: Male reddish-chestnut, shiny, all the legs dirty testaceous. Head broad, about as wide as pronotum, frons a little depressed, occiput convex, almost circumvallate; postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct; posterior margin convex. Eyes small, essentially shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint long, about as long as distance between antennal bases; second quadrate, third a little shorter than fourth. Pronotum longer than wide, lateral margins straight, and a little expanded posteriorly; posterior angles and margin broadly rounded; median longitudinal furrow present. Tegmina small,

182 Doubtful position ? Liparura sinensis

CHEN

1935 Liparura sinensis CHEN, Sinensia, 6: 219. - Terra typica: China: Kwangsi (Type unknown).

Genus 12: Obelura

BURR

1907 Obelura BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. London, 1907:119. - Species typica: Neolobophora tamul BURR, 1901 (for subfamily Neolobophorinae). 1909 Obelura - BURR, Dt. ent. Z., 1909: 327 (transferred to subfamily Opisthocosmiinae). 1975 Obelura - STEINMANN, Acta zool. hung., 21: 216 (transferred to subfamily Cosmiellinae). Literature: BURR, 1 9 1 0 , 1 9 1 1 ; KAPOOR, 1967; POPHAM, 1965; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1968; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1982; SRIVASTAVA, 1976; STEINMANN, 1986; TOWNES, 1 9 4 5 .

Description: Head smooth, rounded, antennae with joints long and slender. Pronotum as wide as head. Tegmina abbreviated, about as long as wide, trapezoidal, keeled along the outer margin; inner or humeral margin shorter than the outer or costal, thus forming a small scutellum; posterior margin obliquely truncate. Wings abortive. Legs long and slender. Abdomen with lateral tubercles very distinct, smooth; ultimate tergite of male not strongly narrowed, smooth. Forceps with branches subcontiguous at base, very elongate and slender. Distribution: Southern India and Sri Lanka. 2 species. Identification key to the species Tegmina with axillary sternite of male with a 1' Tegmina with axillary penultimate sternite of

1

margin very short, thus exposing a broad scutellum; penultimate spine on each side 1. Obelura asiatica, p. 182 margin scarcely shorter than costal margin, scutellum very small; male unarmed 2. Obelura tamul, p. 183 1.

1 8 9 7 Neolobophora

asiatica

Obelura asiatica

(BORMANS)

BORMANS, i n BOLIVAR ( n e c BURR, 1 9 0 7 ) , A n n l s S o c . e n t . F r . , 6 6 : 2 8 5 ;

pi. 1, fig. 2 (male in dorsal view), 2 a (male forceps in lateral view), 2 b (female ultimate tergite with forceps). - Terra typica: India (Type male: unknown locality). 1907 Obelura asiatica - BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. Lond., 1907: 119. Literature: BORMANS & KRAUSS, 1900; BURR, 1910, 1911; KAPOOR, 1967; KIRBY, 1904; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1968; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1982; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 .

Description: Male reddish-chestnut, shiny, all the legs dirty testaceous. Head broad, about as wide as pronotum, frons a little depressed, occiput convex, almost circumvallate; postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct; posterior margin convex. Eyes small, essentially shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint long, about as long as distance between antennal bases; second quadrate, third a little shorter than fourth. Pronotum longer than wide, lateral margins straight, and a little expanded posteriorly; posterior angles and margin broadly rounded; median longitudinal furrow present. Tegmina small,

183 nearly triangular, showing a scutellum; posterior margin obliquely. Wings absent. Abdomen elongate, convex, dilated a little beyond the middle; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct. Ultimate tergite strongly narrowed posteriorly. Penultimate sternite with a sharp spine at each side. Branches of forceps (Fig. 292) subcontiguous at the base, depressed and compressed, with a sharp tooth on the upper surface; cylindrical as far as a strong spine, directed backwards, situated about the middle. - Female similar to male, but ultimate tergite sloping, penultimate sternite without lateral spine, and forceps (Fig. 293) long, slender, nearly straight, unarmed and contiguous, points hooked. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 11-16 mm. Distribution: India.

Obelura asiatica (BORMANS). After BORMANS.

of Obelura asiatica (BORMANS). After BORMANS.

2. Obelura tamul

(BURR)

1901 Neolobophora tamul BURR, J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc., 14: 67; pi. B, fig. 1 (male in dorsal view). Terra typica: Ceylon (Type male: Brit. Mus. nat. Hist., London). 1907 Obelura tamul - BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. London, 1907: 119. 1910 Obelura tamul - BURR, Fauna brit. India, Dermaptera: 184, fig. 65 (male in dorsal view). Literature: BRINDLE, 1971,1978; BURR, 1911; KAPOOR, 1967; KIRBY, 1904; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1968; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 .

Description: Male slender and small; entirely testaceous. Head rather broad, smooth, and tumid; postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct; posterior margin faintly concave in the middle. Eyes small, slightly shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint long, about as long as distance between antennal bases, or a little longer; second transverse, third about as long as fourth or

184 shorter. Pronotum square, about as wide as head and longer than wide; lateral margins straight, more or less parallel, posterior angles and margin broadly rounded; median longitudinal furrow present at prozona. Tegmina trapezoidal, abbreviated; posterior margin obliquely truncate. Wings absent. Legs slender, not very long, tarsi rather short. Abdomen comparatively short, smooth, dirty yellow, and expanded to the middle; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 prominent. Ultimate tergite transverse (after BURR: very narrow), smooth, somewhat depressed in the middle near posterior margin. Penultimate sternite simple. Branches of forceps (Fig. 294) slender and cylindrical, dirty yellow, contiguous at the base, rather compressed and straight in the basal quarter, then very long and slender, gently diverging and arched in to form a long ellipse, which is not complete as the points do not meet; about the middle, on the inner margins, there are three or four small sharp teeth. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: l l - 1 2 m m . Distribution: Sri Lanka.

Fig. 294 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Obelura tamul (BURR). After BURR.

Genus 13: Hypocosmiella gen.nov. Species typica: Kleter venezuelicus BRINDLE, 1973.

Description: Reddish or dark yellowish-brown species. Head transverse, first antennal joint comparatively short, not of Cosmiella-type. Tegmina abbreviated, short, but longer than the length of pronotum; posterior margin transversely truncate. Abdomen moderately short, enlarged to the middle; ultimate tergite transverse. Male forceps with characteristic dorsal tooth near apex. Penultimate sternite in both sexes without postero-lateral projections. Distribution: Venezuela. Single species.

184 shorter. Pronotum square, about as wide as head and longer than wide; lateral margins straight, more or less parallel, posterior angles and margin broadly rounded; median longitudinal furrow present at prozona. Tegmina trapezoidal, abbreviated; posterior margin obliquely truncate. Wings absent. Legs slender, not very long, tarsi rather short. Abdomen comparatively short, smooth, dirty yellow, and expanded to the middle; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 prominent. Ultimate tergite transverse (after BURR: very narrow), smooth, somewhat depressed in the middle near posterior margin. Penultimate sternite simple. Branches of forceps (Fig. 294) slender and cylindrical, dirty yellow, contiguous at the base, rather compressed and straight in the basal quarter, then very long and slender, gently diverging and arched in to form a long ellipse, which is not complete as the points do not meet; about the middle, on the inner margins, there are three or four small sharp teeth. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: l l - 1 2 m m . Distribution: Sri Lanka.

Fig. 294 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Obelura tamul (BURR). After BURR.

Genus 13: Hypocosmiella gen.nov. Species typica: Kleter venezuelicus BRINDLE, 1973.

Description: Reddish or dark yellowish-brown species. Head transverse, first antennal joint comparatively short, not of Cosmiella-type. Tegmina abbreviated, short, but longer than the length of pronotum; posterior margin transversely truncate. Abdomen moderately short, enlarged to the middle; ultimate tergite transverse. Male forceps with characteristic dorsal tooth near apex. Penultimate sternite in both sexes without postero-lateral projections. Distribution: Venezuela. Single species.

185 1. Hypocosmiella venezuelica (BRINDLE) comb.nov. 1973 Kleter vénézuéliens BRINDLE, Rev. Fac. agr. Maracay, 7 (1): 49; fig. 5 (male forceps in lateral view), 6 (male in dorsal view). - Terra typica: Venezuela (Type male: Inst. Zool. agr., Maracay). Literature: SAKAI, 1982.

Description: Male general colour dark yellowish-brown; abdominal tergites and tegmina reddish; antennae brown, one or part of two joints yellow, legs yellow or yellowish-brown. Cuticle coriaceous, almost glabrous. Head transverse, tumid, except for two depressions between the antennal bases; posterior margin rounded; postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct. Eyes large, about as long as length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint comparatively short, shorter than the distance between antennal bases; second transverse, third two and a quarter times as long as wide, distal joints four times as long as wide, or more, slightly widened towards apex, actual apex and base of each joint narrowed; all joints pubescent, hairs brown, most very short, but with longer hairs admixed. Pronotum transverse, lateral margins slightly convex, posterior margin rounded; explanate borders wide, surface of pronotum with an interrupted median longitudinal furrow, at each side of which is a slight circular depression on the anterior half of plate. Tegmina short, posterior margins straight, with short and faint lateral longitudinal ridge on the anterior angles. Wings absent (or sometimes completely concealed). Legs relatively slender, tibiae nearly as long as femora but slenderer; tarsi short, basal segment long, slightly wider distally, as long as both distal segments combined, second segment short, strongly flattened and bi-lobed, third segment widened distally, curved and with two curved apical claws. Abdomen widened medially, lateral glandular folds on third tergite small, those on fourth large. Ultimate tergite transverse, simple. Penultimate sternite broadly rounded posteriorly. Both branches of

Fig. 295 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Hypocosmiella venezuelica (BRINDLE). After BRINDLE.

Fig. 296 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Hypocosmiella venezuelica (BRINDLE). Original.

186

forceps (Fig. 295) more or less cylindrical, slightly widened near base, curved, and with a dorsal tooth near apex; apices pointed. - Female similar to male, but forceps with each branch straight, broader at base, narrowed distally, inner margins weakly dentated, branches contiguous (Fig. 296). - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 8 - 9 mm. Distribution: Venezuela. Genus 1902

Cosmiella

VERHOEFF,

14:

Cosmiella

Zool. Anz., Leipzig,

VERHOEFF

2 5 (665): 195.

- Species typica: Opisthocosmia rebus

BURR, 1 9 0 0 .

1907 Emboros BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. London, 1907: 103. - Species typica: Opisthocosmia

dubia

B U R R , 1 9 0 4 ( n e c BORMANS, 1 8 9 4 ) .

1907 Skendyle

BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. London, 1907: 118. - Species typica: Cosmiella

aptera

VERHOEFF, 1 9 0 2 .

1907 Skendylinae BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. London, 1907:117. - Genus typicum: Skendyle BURR, 1907. 1909 Archidux BURR, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., London, (8) 4: 123. - Species typica: Archidux adolfi BURR, 1909.

1947 Cosmicula HINCKS, Ark. Zool. Uppsala, 39 A (1): 39. - Species typica: Cosmicula flavicornis HINCKS, 1 9 4 7 .

1989 Cosmiella - STEINMANN, Acta zool. hung., 35: 143 (revision, key to species). 1989 Emboros - STEINMANN, World Catalogue of Dermaptera, Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, (proposed synonymy with Cosmiella VERHOEFF, 1 9 0 2 ) . 1989 Skendyle - STEINMANN, World Catalogue of Dermaptera, Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, (proposed synonymy with Cosmiella VERHOEFF, 1 9 0 2 ) . 1989 Archidux - STEINMANN, World Catalogue of Dermaptera, Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, (proposed synonymy with Cosmiella VERHOEFF, 1 9 0 2 ) . 1989 Cosmicula- STEINMANN, World Catalogue of Dermaptera, Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, (proposed synonymy with Cosmiella VERHOEFF, 1902). L i t e r a t u r e : BRINDLE,

1966; 1969,

1973; BURR, 1910, 1911,

1 9 1 6 ; K I R B Y , 1 9 0 4 ; MOREIRA,

p. 668 p. 668 p. 668 p. 668 1930;

POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 7 5 ; TOWNES,

1945.

Description: Head rounded, tumid; posterior margin more or less convex; antennae with joints elongate, and slender. Pronotum various, longer than wide, quadrate or transverse. Tegmina short, generally obliquely truncate posteriorly; lateral margins with shorter or longer, generally sharp, well-marked longitudinal keels. Wings entirely absent, or sometimes present but concealed. Legs long and slender. Abdomen a little depressed, fusiform. Branches of male forceps simple, unarmed or with dorsal, basal, medial, and apical tooth or teeth. Female forceps generally very simple, straight, contiguous. Distribution: all faunal regions. 26 species. Identification key to the species 1 New World species 2 1' Old World species 3 2 Male forceps with dorsal tooth basally (Fig. 297); branches of Kleter-type; tegmina comparatively long, wings absent, or sometimes present, but concealed; pronotum longer than wide 1. Cosmiella brasiliensis, p. 188

186

forceps (Fig. 295) more or less cylindrical, slightly widened near base, curved, and with a dorsal tooth near apex; apices pointed. - Female similar to male, but forceps with each branch straight, broader at base, narrowed distally, inner margins weakly dentated, branches contiguous (Fig. 296). - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 8 - 9 mm. Distribution: Venezuela. Genus 1902

Cosmiella

VERHOEFF,

14:

Cosmiella

Zool. Anz., Leipzig,

VERHOEFF

2 5 (665): 195.

- Species typica: Opisthocosmia rebus

BURR, 1 9 0 0 .

1907 Emboros BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. London, 1907: 103. - Species typica: Opisthocosmia

dubia

B U R R , 1 9 0 4 ( n e c BORMANS, 1 8 9 4 ) .

1907 Skendyle

BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. London, 1907: 118. - Species typica: Cosmiella

aptera

VERHOEFF, 1 9 0 2 .

1907 Skendylinae BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. London, 1907:117. - Genus typicum: Skendyle BURR, 1907. 1909 Archidux BURR, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., London, (8) 4: 123. - Species typica: Archidux adolfi BURR, 1909.

1947 Cosmicula HINCKS, Ark. Zool. Uppsala, 39 A (1): 39. - Species typica: Cosmicula flavicornis HINCKS, 1 9 4 7 .

1989 Cosmiella - STEINMANN, Acta zool. hung., 35: 143 (revision, key to species). 1989 Emboros - STEINMANN, World Catalogue of Dermaptera, Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, (proposed synonymy with Cosmiella VERHOEFF, 1 9 0 2 ) . 1989 Skendyle - STEINMANN, World Catalogue of Dermaptera, Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, (proposed synonymy with Cosmiella VERHOEFF, 1 9 0 2 ) . 1989 Archidux - STEINMANN, World Catalogue of Dermaptera, Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, (proposed synonymy with Cosmiella VERHOEFF, 1 9 0 2 ) . 1989 Cosmicula- STEINMANN, World Catalogue of Dermaptera, Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, (proposed synonymy with Cosmiella VERHOEFF, 1902). L i t e r a t u r e : BRINDLE,

1966; 1969,

1973; BURR, 1910, 1911,

1 9 1 6 ; K I R B Y , 1 9 0 4 ; MOREIRA,

p. 668 p. 668 p. 668 p. 668 1930;

POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 7 5 ; TOWNES,

1945.

Description: Head rounded, tumid; posterior margin more or less convex; antennae with joints elongate, and slender. Pronotum various, longer than wide, quadrate or transverse. Tegmina short, generally obliquely truncate posteriorly; lateral margins with shorter or longer, generally sharp, well-marked longitudinal keels. Wings entirely absent, or sometimes present but concealed. Legs long and slender. Abdomen a little depressed, fusiform. Branches of male forceps simple, unarmed or with dorsal, basal, medial, and apical tooth or teeth. Female forceps generally very simple, straight, contiguous. Distribution: all faunal regions. 26 species. Identification key to the species 1 New World species 2 1' Old World species 3 2 Male forceps with dorsal tooth basally (Fig. 297); branches of Kleter-type; tegmina comparatively long, wings absent, or sometimes present, but concealed; pronotum longer than wide 1. Cosmiella brasiliensis, p. 188

187 2' Male forceps without dorsal tooth basally (Fig. 298); branches of Cosmiella-type, curved horizontally at apical portion; tegmina short, wings entirely absent; pronotum transverse 2. Cosmiella decui, p. 189 3 Oriental or Indo-Austral species 4 3' Malagasy or African species 13 4 Tegmina keeled through not more than half the length of the disc 5 4' Tegmina keeled throughout entire length 9 5 Male forceps with dorsal tooth basally (Fig. 300); branches a little depressed basally, and strongly curved medially and apically; male genitalia with well-developed external parameres; virga within genital lobe more or less straight (Fig. 301), female forceps as in Fig. 300 3. Cosmiella rebus, p. 190 5' Male forceps without dorsal tooth basally 6 6 Branches of male forceps strongly curved medially, and with a well-marked, prominent apical tooth on inner margins (Fig. 302) 4. Cosmiella javana, p. 191 6' Branches of male forceps less curved medially, and without apical tooth on inner margins 7 7 Branches of male forceps straight, inner margins with a small, but conpicuous, tooth medially (Fig. 303) 5. Cosmiella aptera, p. 192 7' Branches of male forceps simple, without inner tooth medially. Male abdominal tergites 4 - 7 with smaller lateral tubercles 8 8 Sides of male tergites 4 - 7 with faintly marked lateral tubercles; branches of male forceps straight horizontally and more or less cylindrical in cross-section at basal half (Fig. 305) 6. Cosmiella tuberculata, p. 194 8' Sides of male abdominal tergites 4 - 7 with well-marked tubercles; branches of male forceps (Fig. 307) curved horizontally and flattened, elliptical in cross-section at basal half 7. Cosmiella nitens, p. 195 9 Pronotum quadrate, more or less as long as wide; male forceps very simple, narrowed, elongate, nearly straight 8. Cosmiella dubia, p. 195 9' Pronotum transverse; male forceps armed with dorsal or other inner tooth basally or apically 10 10 Branches of male forceps with dorsal tooth or edge, but not strongly depressed portion basally 11 10' Branches of male forceps with strongly expanded and depressed portion basally (Fig. 308) 9. Cosmiella cornuta, p. 196 11 Branches of male forceps with sharp dorsal edge basally (Fig. 309); sclerotized basal section of virga of the male genital lobe very narrow (Fig. 310) 10. Cosmiella hydra, p. 197 11' Branches of male forceps without dorsal edge basally, but with conspicuous obtuse, blunt, lobe-like dorsal tooth near base (Fig. 312), or with sharp, trigonal dorsal tooth near base (Fig. 315) 12 12 Femora yellow or light brown, with three transversel dark brown bands; branches of male forceps with conspicuous lobe-like dorsal tooth near base (Fig. 312); male genitalia, as in Fig. 313 .11. Cosmiella exornata, p. 198 12' Femora black; branches of male forceps with a triangular dorsal tooth near base (Fig. 315); male genitalia as in Fig. 316 12. Cosmiella flavicornis, p. 199 13 Malagasy species 14 13' African species 16 14 Tegmina entirely dull; male forceps extremely long (Fig. 317), and very narrow, slender, evenly curved; female forceps as in Fig. 319 13. Cosmiella longiforceps, p. 201 14' Tegmina rather shiny, but not as shiny as pronotum; male and female forceps shorter . . . 15 15 Branches of male forceps with specific curvature basally, branches depressed near pygidium, and with a characteristic crenulated section near the depression (Fig. 320) 14. Cosmiella madagascariensis, p. 202 15' Branches of male forceps without curvature basally, branches cylindrical near pygidium, and without crenulated section on basal half (Fig. 321) 15. Cosmiella unicolor, p. 203 16 Pronotum longer than wide; left branch of male (holotype) forceps undeveloped, the right branch cylindrical, with well-marked apical tooth near apex (Fig. 324); male genitalia with virga very long, as in Fig. 325 16. Cosmiella eridana, p. 204 16' Pronotum as wide as long, or transverse (originally Archidux species) 17 17 Pronotum as wide as long; larger species, body length 12 mm or more; abdomen parallel-

188 sided, scarcely wider medially; branches of male forceps very long and slender, as long as rest of insect, pygidium small, posterior margin excised (Fig. 326) . . . . 17. Cosmiella adolfi, p. 205 17' Pronotum transverse; smaller species, body length 10-11 mm or less; abdomen fusiform, widened medially, and comparatively wider; branches of male forceps less elongated . . . . 18 18 Male pygidium with posterior margin deeply excised (Figs 329, 331, and 333) 19 18' Male pygidium with posterior margin not excised or only slightly excised 21 19 Pronotum more strongly transverse, strongly widened posteriorly; smaller species, body length 7 - 9 mm, dark reddish-brown, head concolorous with pronotum; male pygidium large, less deeply excised posteriorly (Fig. 329) 18. Cosmiella pygidiata, p. 206 19' Pronotum transverse, widened posteriorly, or sometimes parallel-sided; larger species, body length 8 - 1 0 mm 20 20 Blackish species with head yellow; male pygidium deeply excised on posterior margin, forming two triangular lobes (Fig. 331); returned section of virga of the male genital lobe comparatively long, as in Fig. 332 19. Cosmiella bilobata, p. 207 20' Dark, uniformly reddish-brown with head dark orange; male pygidium deeply excised on posterior margin, forming two finger-like lobes (Fig. 333); returned section of virga of the male genital lobe comparatively short, as in Fig. 334 20. Cosmiella artificiosa, p. 208 21 Head reddish, rest of body yellowish-brown to black; legs yellowish-brown to brown, or with distal half of femora darkened; male forceps with each branch sharply curved dorsoposteriorly towards apex 22 21' Head and rest of body blackish; legs mainly blackish or with tibiae and tarsi paler in colour; male forceps with each branch strongly sinuate, or almost straight, sometimes with apical part curved dorsally 24 22 Smaller species, body length 7 mm or less; femora yellow, distal half blackish; branches of male forceps straight, with larger apical tooth near apex (Fig. 335) 21. Cosmiella bicolor, p. 209 22' Larger species, body length 8 mm or more 23 23 Posterior margin of male pygidium without smaller tubercles laterally; general colour deep reddish-black, legs brown, femora yellow at base 22. Cosmiella neavei, p. 210 23' Posterior margin of male pygidium armed with smaller tubercles laterally (Fig. 337); general colour dark yellowish-brown, legs yellowish with a darker band on distal half of femora, apices of femora yellow 23. Cosmiella laevis, p. 211 24 Inner margins of male forceps without smaller or larger ventro-medial tooth (Fig. 338); smaller species, body length 7 - 8 mm 24. Cosmiella minima, p. 212 24' Inner margins of male forceps with smaller or larger ventro-medial tooth; larger species, body length 9 - 1 2 mm 25 25 Legs black; lateral margin of pronotum curving dorsally, and ending in an anterior tooth which is not sharp as in rugosa BRINDLE; ventro-medial tooth of male forceps large (Fig. 340) 25. Cosmiella intermedia, p. 213 25' Legs yellowish-brown; lateral margin of pronotum slightly convex, and ending in an anterior tooth which is sharper than in intermedia BRINDLE; ventro-medial tooth of male forceps small 26. Cosmiella rugosa, p. 214 1.

Cosmiella brasiliensis

MOREIRA

1930 Cosmiella brasiliensis MOREIRA, Boi. Inst. biol. Def. agr., Rio de Janeiro, 7: 30; fig. 7 (male in dorsal view). - Terra typica: Brazil (Type male: Inst. Biol. Def. agr., Rio de Janeiro). L i t e r a t u r e : MENOZZI, 1 9 3 2 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 ; REICHARDT, 1 9 7 1 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 .

Description: Male head black, antennae with joints brown; tegmina brownishblack, abdomen and forceps reddish-brown. Head comparatively large and broad, a little wider than the pronotum; postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct; posterior margin of head convex in the middle. Eyes normally developed, but a little shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae

189 10-jointed (after MOREIRA), first joint long, about as long as distance between antennal bases; second quadrate, the rest elongate and slender. Pronotum longer than wide; lateral margins straight and parallel, posterior angles rounded, posterior margin truncate; prozona somewhat tumid, with well-marked median longitudinal furrow; metazona deplanate. Tegmina comparatively long, with faintly lateral longitudinal keels; wings absent, sometimes present but concealed. Abdomen and legs elongate. Abdominal tergites punctate and pubescent, lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 . Ultimate tergite transverse, smooth, simple. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 297) well developed, a little depressed basally, cylindrical medially and apically; with trigonal basal tooth near pygidium, and with apical tooth. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 15-16 mm. Distribution: Brazil.

Fig. 297 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Cosmiella brasiliensis MOREIRA. After MOREIRA.

2.

Cosmiella decui

(STEINMANN)

1987 Kleter decui STEINMANN, Faune de subterranea de Venezuela, Bucuresti, 1: 171; fig. 7 (male ultimate tergite with forceps), 8 (genitalia of holotype). - Terra typica: Venezuela (Type male, gen.prep. No. 832, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN: Inst. Spéol., Bucuresti). 1989 Cosmiella decui - STEINMANN, World Catalogue of Dermaptera, Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, p. 670.

Description: Male colour dark brownish-black, except antennae, brown, and legs light brown. Head large, tumid; postfrontal and coronal sutures distinct; posterior margin convex. Eyes comparatively large, but slightly shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae with joints long; first joint long, longer than distance between antennal bases; second quadrate, third about as long as fourth, the rest elongate, cylindrical. Pronotum faintly narrower than head; lateral margins parallel, straight, posterior margin convex. Median longitudinal furrow on anterior portion of pronotum. Tegmina short, smooth, posterior margin obliquely truncate. Wings entirely absent. Legs very long, and slender. Abdomen cylindrical, narrowed basally, and widened to tergites 5 - 6 ; lateral

190 glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct. Ultimate tergite strongly narrowed apically, simple. Pygidium hidden. Penultimate sternite with lateral carinae; posterior margin rounded. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 298) elongate, more or less cylindrical in cross-section; branches with sharp and elongated dorsal tooth on apical portion; apical part of forceps curved horizontally. Genitalia (Fig. 299, gen.prep. No. 832, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) with broad, large central parameral plate; virga within genital lobe moderately short, and simple; external parameres comparatively small, broadly rounded apically. - Female very similar to male, but forceps simple, straight, and slender, branches with very faint tubercles on inner margins. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 15-18 mm. Distribution: Venezuela.

Fig. 298 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Cosmiella decui (STEINMANN). After STEINMANN.

3.

Fig. 299 Holotype genital armature of Cosmiella decui (STEINMANN). After STEINMANN.

Cosmiella rebus

(BURR)

1900 Opisthocosmia rebus BURR, Ann. Soc. ent. Belg., 44: 53; pi. 9, fig. 17 (female in dorsal view). Terra typica: Java (Type female: Brit. Mus. nat. Hist., London). 1 9 0 2 Cosmiella rebus - VERHOEFF, Zool. Anz., Leipzig, 2 5 ( 6 6 5 ) : 1 9 6 . 1904 Opisthocosmia rebus - KIRBY, Syn. Cat. Orth., 1: 38. 1904 Cosmiella rebus - BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. London, 1904: 303. 1911 Cosmiella rebus - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 91; pi.9, fig. 17a (tegmen). Literature: BOESEMAN, 1 9 5 4 ; BURR, 1907; HEBARD, 1 9 2 7 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1982; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 .

Description: Male general colour dark reddish-brown, legs lighter brown, sometimes yellowish-brown. Head large, frons tumid, occiput a little depressed;

191 postfrontal and coronal sutures well marked; posterior margin convex in the middle. Eyes comparatively large, but a little shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae 12-jointed; first joint well developed, elongate, about as long as distance between antennal bases, or a little longer; second quadrate, third joint cylindrical, about as long as fourth. Pronotum a little longer than wide; lateral margins straight and parallel, posterior angles and margin rounded; median longitudinal furrow distinct. Tegmina short, keeled through not more than half the length the disc; posterior margin obliquely truncate. Wings absent. Legs long and slender, typical for the genus. Abdomen subcylindrical, strongly narrowed basally and apically, enlarged medially; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct, and prominent. Ultimate tergite strongly narrowed apically, smooth, simple. Pygidium hidden or very small. Penultimate sternite broadly rounded posteriorly. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 300) somewhat depressed basally, and strongly curved medially and apically; branches undulate in lateral view, basal portion of forceps with sharp, prominent dorsal tooth. Genitalia (Fig. 301, gen.prep. No. 947, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) well developed; central parameral plate elongate, virga within genital lobe very long; external parameres broad, and obtuse apically. - Female similar to male, but forceps very slender, elongate, and cylindrical. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 1 6 - 1 9 mm. Distribution: Java and Sumatra.

Fig. 300 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Cosmiella rebus (BURR). Original.

Fig. 301 Male genital armature of Cosmiella rebus (BURR). Original.

4. Cosmiella javana (BORMANS) 1903 Ancistrogaster javanus BORMANS, in BURR, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (7) 11:266. - Terra typica: Java (Type male, type No. 19.991: BRUNNER'S Collection).

192 1911 Skendyle javana - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 91: pi. 9, fig. 16 (male abdominal end with forceps), 16 a (tegmina). 1989 Cosmiella javana - STEINMANN, World Catalogue of Dermaptera, Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, p. 6 7 2 . L i t e r a t u r e : BOESEMAN, 1954; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 .

BORELLI,

1926; POPHAM &

BRINDLE,

1968;

SAKAI,

1973,

1982;

Description: Male general colour dark brown; forceps reddish-brown. Head broad, frons tumid, occiput a little depressed; postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct; posterior margin convex medially. Eyes normally developed, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae 11-jointed; first joint long, about as long as distance between antennal bases, or a little longer; second quadrate, third and the rest elongate, cylindrical. Pronotum longer than wide; lateral margins straight, more or less parallel, posterior margin convex; median longitudinal furrow present. Tegmina short, keeled through not more than half the length of disc, sometimes the keel on each side very inconspicuous. Wings absent. Abdomen fusiform, narrowed basally and apically, expanded medially; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 prominent, sides of abdominal tergites 5 - 8 carinate. Ultimate tergite simple, narrowed apically. Penultimate sternite broadly rounded posteriorly. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 302) strongly curved medially, and with a well-marked, prominent apical tooth on inner margins. Female unknown to me. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 12-13 mm. Distribution: Indonesia: Java.

Fig. 302 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Cosmiella javana (BORMANS). After BURR.

5.

Cosmiella aptera

VERHOEFF

1902 Cosmiella aptera VERHOEFF, Zool. Anz., Leipzig, 25 (665): 195. - Terra typica: Java (Type unknown). 1904 Opisthocosmia aptera - BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. London, 1904: 303. 1907 Skendyle aptera - BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. London, 1907: 105. 1911 Skendyle aptera- BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 91; pi.9, fig. 12 (male abdominal end with forceps), 12a (tegmina). 1954 Skendyle aptera - BOESEMAN, Zool. Verh., Leiden, 21: 110 (Java, Bali).

193 1976 Skendyle aptera - SRIVASTAVA, Misc. Pub. Occ., Calcutta, 2: 68 (Java, and Philippines). L i t e r a t u r e : BORELLI, 1 9 2 3 , 1 9 2 6 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 ,

1982.

Description: Male general colour dark brownish-black; antennae and legs dark brown; lateral margins of pronotum light brown, and forceps very dark reddish-brown. Head broad, frons tumid, occiput somewhat depressed; postfrontal and coronal sutures well marked; posterior margin of head convex in the middle. Eyes large, prominent, but a little shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint long, a little longer than distance between antennal bases; second quadrate, third about as long as fourth, the rest of the joints cylindrical, elongate. Pronotum a little longer than wide; lateral margins straight and more or less parallel, or very faintly narrowed posteriorly; median longitudinal furrow present; posterior margin convex. Tegmina short, lateral keels as long as half the length of the pronotum; posterior margin obliquely truncate. Wings entirely absent. Abdomen strongly enlarged medially; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 prominent; sides of abdominal tergites 4 - 7 faintly carinate. Ultimate tergite strongly narrowed posteriorly; depressed medially near posterior margin. Pygidium hidden. Penultimate sternite simple, broadly rounded posteriorly. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 303) straight, subcylindrical basally, cylindrical medially and apically; inner margins with a smaller, but prominent, tooth medially. Genitalia (Fig. 304, gen.prep. No. 948, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) well developed; central parameral plate broad, virga within genital lobe straight, with shorter sclerotized curvature basally; external parameres simple. - Female very similar to male, but forceps contiguous, tapering, straight. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 15-17.5 mm. Distribution: Philippine Islands, Indonesia: Java and Bali.

Fig. 303 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Cosmiella aptera VERHOEFF. Original.

Fig. 304 Male genital armature of Cosmiella aptera VERHOEFF. Original.

194 6.

Cosmiella tuberculata

(BORELLI)

1924 Skendyle tuberculata BORELLI, Treubia, Buitenzorg, 5 (4): 337. - Terra typica: Buru (Type male: Zool. Mus., Buitenzorg). 1989 Cosmiella tuberculata - STEINMANN, World Catalogue of Dermaptera, Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, p. 674. Literature: SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 .

Description: Male general colour dark brownish-black; abdomen and forceps dark reddish-brown. Head large, frons tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures well marked; posterior margin emarginate in the middle. Eyes comparatively large, but somewhat shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae 13-jointed (after BORELLI), first joint long, about as long as distance between antennal bases; second quadrate, third and the rest cylindrical, elongate. Pronotum about as long as wide; lateral margins straight and parallel; posterior margin rounded; median longitudinal furrow distinct. Tegmina short, lateral keels prominent; posterior margins obliquely truncate. Wings absent. Abdomen fusiform, lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct; sides of abdominal tergites 4 - 7 with characteristic lateral protuberances. Ultimate tergite simple, narrowed posteriorly; posterior margin strongly trisinuate. Pygidium hidden. Penultimate sternite simple, broadly rounded posteriorly. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 305) strongly curved; straight in horizontal view, and cylindrical in cross-section. Holotype without penis. - Female similar to male, sides of abdominal tergites 4 - 7 without faintly marked lateral tubercles; forceps (Fig. 306) straight, simple, tapering. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 15.5-17.5 mm. Distribution: Buru.

Fig. 305 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Cosmiella tuberculata (BORELLI). Original.

Fig. 306 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Cosmiella tuberculata (BORELLI). Original.

195 7.

Cosmiella nitens

(GÜNTHER)

1934 Skendyle nitens GÜNTHER, Revue suisse Zool., 41 (34): 542; fig. 3A (male in dorsal view), 3B (male forceps in lateral view). - Terra typica: Java (Type male: Naturhist. Mus., Basel). 1989 Cosmiella nitens - STEINMANN, World Catalogue of Dermaptera, Akademiai Kiadö, Budapest, p. 673. L i t e r a t u r e : SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1982; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 .

Description: Male general colour dark brown, shiny. Head comparatively large, a little wider than the pronotum; frons tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures distinct; posterior margin emarginate in the middle. Eyes well developed, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint comparatively short, somewhat shorter than distance between antennal bases; second transverse, third and the rest typical for the genus. Pronotum longer than wide; lateral margins straight and parallel on anterior portion, and a little narrowed posteriorly on last portion; posterior angles rounded, posterior margin straight; median longitudinal furrow distinct. Tegmina very short, but of Cosmiella-type, keeled through not more than half the length of the pronotum; posterior margins obliquely truncate. Wings entirely absent. Legs very long and slender, typical for the genus. Abdomen somewhat depressed and widened medially; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 very small, indistinct; sides of tergites 2 - 7 carinate. Ultimate tergite strongly narrowed apically, and depressed medially near posterior margin. Pygidium hidden. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 307) somewhat flattened and elliptical in cross-section, straight, but apical portion, strongly curved, apices directed inwards. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 12 mm. Distribution: Indonesia: Java.

Fig. 307 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Cosmiella nitens (GÜNTHER). After GÜNTHER.

8.

Cosmiella dubia

(BORMANS)

1894 Opisthocosmia dubia BORMANS (nec BURR, 1904), Ann. Mus. civ. Stor. nat., Genova, 34: 399. Terra typica: Burma (Type female: Mus. civ. Stor. nat. Genova). 1902 Cosmiella dubia - VERHOEFF, Zool. Anz., Leipzig, 25 (665): 195. 1907 Emboros dubia - BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. London, 1907: 104.

196 1911 Emboros dubia - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 90; pi. 9, fig. 14 (pronotum), 14a (tegmina) (Burma, and Madagascar). 1978 Obelura dubia - BRINDLE, Ent. Rec., 90: 315. 1989 Cosmiella dubia - STEINMANN, World Catalogue of Dermaptera, Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, p. 670. L i t e r a t u r e : BRINDLE, 1 9 6 6 , 1 9 6 9 ; BURR, 1 9 1 0 ; KIRBY, 1904; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 .

Description: Female general colour dark chestnut; antennae with the five basal joints greyish-testaceous; shiny. Head broad, frons tumid; postfrontal and coronal sutures distinct; posterior margin of head emarginate in the middle. Eyes comparatively large, but shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint long, about as long as distance between antennal bases; second quadrate, the rest elongate and cylindrical. Pronotum quadrate, somewhat narrower than the head, lateral margins straight, more or less parallel, posterior margin rounded; prozona and metazona seperated by a transverse depression. Tegmina short, dull brown, one and a half times as long as the pronotum; lateral longitudinal keels short. Wings absent. Legs long and slender, greyish-testaceous, apical half of femora darker. Abdomen oval, dilated at about threequarters of the length. Ultimate tergite transverse, strongly narrowed apically. Pygidium hidden. Forceps unarmed, slender, trigonal, nearly straight, not contiguous but very nearly so, points curved in. - Male unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 11 mm. Distribution: Burma, and Madagascar.

9.

Cosmiella cornuta

(BEY-BIENKO)

1959 Cosmicula cornuta BEY-BIENKO, Ent. Obozr., 38: 625; fig. 40 (male ultimate tergite with forceps). - Terra typica: China: Yunnan (Type male: Zool. Inst. Mus. Acad. Sci., U S S R , Leningrad (holotype without penis). 1989 Cosmiella cornuta - STEINMANN, World Catalogue of Dermaptera, Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, p. 670. L i t e r a t u r e : BEY-BIENKO, 1 9 6 8 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 .

Description: Male general colour brownish-black, head reddish-brown, dull. Head large, somewhat depressed, but frons tumid; postfrontal and coronal sutures distinct; posterior margin of head emarginate medially. Eyes normally developed, prominent, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae 11-jointed; first joint long, about as long as distance between antennal bases; or sometimes shorter; second quadrate, third and the rest of the joints typical for the genus. Pronotum transverse, lateral margins straight or sometimes faintly convex; posterior margin rounded; prozona tumid, metazona flat. Tegmina short, lateral longitudinal keels distinct; posterior margins obliquely truncate. Wings absent. Abdomen somewhat depressed, oval; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct; tergites punctate. Ultimate tergite characteristic, strongly narrowed apically, and plate with prominent tubercles on each side laterally. Pygidium hidden. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 308) specific, not of Cosmiella-

197

type; branches strongly depressed basally, and very slender, cylindrical apically; apical portion of forceps with small inner tooth. - Female very similar to male, but ultimate tergite without lateral spines, and forceps slender, simple, tapering, straight. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 15-18 mm. Distribution: China: Yunnan.

10. Cosmiella hydra

STEINMANN

1989 Cosmiella hydra STEINMANN, Acta zool. hung., 35: 151; fig. 15 (holotype ultimate tergite with forceps), 16 (holotype genital armature, gen. prep. No. 242, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN). Terra typica: New Guinea (Type male: Termeszettudomanyi Muzeum, Badapest).

Description: Male head reddish-orange; antennae with joints 1 - 6 bicolour, yellowish basally, and light brown apically; median portion of pronotum, tegmina, and abdominal tergites, light brown, lateral margins of pronotum and forceps, yellow; legs yellowish, femora and tibiae with darker bands transversally; abdominal tergites ornamented with two smaller blackish series of spots near lateral margins. Head normally developed, frons tumid; postfrontal and coronal sutures faintly visible; posterior margin of head more or less straight. Eyes prominent, but shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae 13-jointed; first long, about as long as distance between antennal bases; second quadrate, third about as long as fourth, the rest elongate, cylindrical. Pronotum transverse; lateral margins straight, widened posteriorly; posterior angles rounded, posterior margin convex. Tegmina short, unicolour, simple, lateral longitudinal keels sharp, prominent; posterior margin obliquely truncate. Wings entirely absent. Legs very long and slender, typical for the genus. Abdomen oval, subcylindrical; lateral glandular fold on tergite 3 very small, on tergite 4 large; sides of

198 abdominal tergites without lateral ridge or tubercles. Ultimate tergite strongly narrowed, posteriorly, simple. Pygidium hidden. Ultimate sternite broadly rounded posteriorly. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 309) characteristic; with sharp dorsal edge basally; margin of dorsal edge directed dorso-medially; apical part of forceps very slender, cylindrical in cross-section and curved. Genitalia (Fig. 310, gen.prep. No. 242, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) typical for the genus; central parameral plate very narrow and slender, virga within genital lobe long, with less sclerotized section basally; external parameres comparatively large, obtuse. - Female very similar to male, but lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 uniformly large, and forceps (Fig. 311) very slender, straight. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 12-15 mm. Distribution: New Guinea.

Fig. 309 Holotype ultimate tergite with forceps of Cosmiella hydra STEINMANN. Original

Fig. 310 Holotype genital armature of Cosmiella hydra STEINMANN. Original.

11. Cosmiella exornata

Fig. 311 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Cosmiella hydra STEINMANN. Original.

STEINMANN

1989 Cosmiella exornata STEINMANN, Acta zool. hung., 35:152; fig. 18 (holotype ultimate tergite with forceps), 19 (holotype genital armature, gen. prep. No. 218, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN), 20 (female ultimate tergite with forceps). - Terra typica: New Guinea (Type male: Természettudomànyi Mùzeum, Budapest).

Description: Male general colour dark reddish-brown; all antennal joints light brown except a narrow yellow ring on each joint basally; femora yellow, with three transversal brown stripes; head and ultimate tergite very dark brown. Head large, tumid, smooth, postfrontal and coronal sutures faintly marked; posterior margin convex in the middle. Eyes prominent, but shorter than the length of head

199 behind eyes. Antennae 13-jointed; first joint long, but shorter than the distance between antennal bases; second quadrate, the rest of the joints elongate, slender, cylindrical. Pronotum transverse, lateral margins straight and a little widened posteriorly; posterior angles rounded, last margin faintly convex; prozona tumid, well-separated from the flat metazona. Tegmina short, lateral longitudinal keels sharp, prominent; posterior margins obliquely truncate. Wings absent. Abdomen fusiform, lateral glandular folds on tergite 3 - 4 indistinct, small; sides of abdominal tergites simple, ecarinate. Ultimate tergite strongly narrowed posteriorly, with two blunt protuberances laterally; posterior margin trisinuate. Pygidium hidden. Penultimate sternite simple, broadly rounded posteriorly. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 312) characteristic, somewhat of Eparchus-type; with large, obtuse, blunt dorsal tooth basally, the tooth directed upwards; a little depressed laterally basally, and cylindrical medially and apically. Genitalia (Fig. 313, gen.prep. No. 218, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) typical for the genus; central parameral plate a little expanded apically, virga within genital lobe comparatively long, with specific sclerotized curvature and plate basally; external parameres moderately large, obtuse. - Female similar to male, but both branches of forceps (Fig. 314) very slender and long, cylindrical, simple. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 11-14 mm. Distribution: New Guinea.

Fig. 312 Holotype ultimate tergite with forceps of Cosmiella exornata STEINMANN. Original

12.

Fig. 313 Holotype genital armature of Cosmiella exornata STEINMANN. Original.

Cosmiella flavicornis

Fig. 314 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Cosmiella exornata STEINMANN. Original.

(HINCKS)

1947 Cosmiculaflavicornis HINCKS, Ark. Zool., Uppsala, 39A (1): 40; fig. 22 (male in dorsal view), 23 (genitalia of holotype). - Terra typica: Burma (Type male: Riksmus. Naturhist., Stockholm).

200 1989 Cosmiella flavicornis - STEINMANN, World Catalogue of Dermaptera, Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, p. 671. Literature: BEY-BIENKO, 1959; POPHAM, 1965; SAKAI, 1973, 1982; SRIVASTAVA, 1976.

Description: Male generally black, except antennae which are yellow beyond the two fuscous basal joints, yellowish tarsi and tips of forceps. Head smooth, tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures distinct; posterior margin of head convex; eyes moderately small, slightly shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae 10 —(+?) jointed; first joint joint very long, essentially longer than the distance between antennal bases; second and the rest typical. Pronotum transverse, slightly contracted caudad, broadly reflexed laterad, posterior margin convex; prozona and metazona almost equally, and slightly, tumid; median longitudinal furrow present. Tegmina minutely granulose, impunctate and hairless; lateral longitudinal keel complete, rounded in front and behind forming a strong raised border to the otherwise rather flat disc; posterior margin obliquely truncate. Wings entirely absent. Abdomen evenly dilated from base to about segment six, then contracted. Ultimate tergite narrowed posteriorly, simple. Penultimate sternite transverse, punctulate, moderately hairy, posterior margin rounded. Branches of forceps (Fig. 315) remote basally, cylindrical, slightly approximate just beyond base, where there is a triangular tooth on upper surface, beyond which they are gently and regularly curved to the considerably apices; just before the middle of forceps there is a small tooth directed inwards; in lateral view the portion beyond the basal tooth is lightly concave. Genitalia (Fig. 316) specific; central parameral plate elongate, strongly narrowed basally, and expanded apically; virga within genital lobe very long with smaller but

Fig. 315 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Cosmiella flavicornis (HINCKS). After HINCKS.

Fig. 316 Holotype genital armature of Cosmiella flavicornis (HINCKS). After HINCKS.

201 conspicuously sclerotized sac basally; external parameres well developed, outer margins rounded. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 16-17 mm. Distribution: Burma. 13. Cosmiella longiforceps

(BRINDLE)

1966 Emboros longiforceps BRINDLE, Trans. R. ent. Soc. Lond., 118: 252; fig. 61 (genitalia of holotype), 66 (male in dorsal view), 68 (female forceps). - Terra typica: Madagascar (Type male: Mus. nation. Hist, nat., Paris). 1989 Cosmiella longiforceps - STEINMANN, World Catalogue of Dermaptera, Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, p. 672. Literature: BRINDLE, 1 9 6 9 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 .

Description: Male general colour black, but head reddish; lateral margins of pronotum and tibiae red, abdomen shiny black. Head rounded; postfrontal and coronal sutures distinct; posterior margin somewhat concave in the middle; eyes normally developed, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint long, about as long as distance between antennal bases; second quadrate, the rest long and cylindrical. Pronotum longer than wide; anterior angles pointed, lateral margins finely expanded posteriorly; posterior margin convex. Tegmina dull, coriaceous, rather longer than pronotum; posterior margin obliquely truncate; lateral longitudinal keels well marked. Wings absent. Abdomen transversely striate, lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 well developed. Ultimate tergite long, narrowed posteriorly, caudal margin trisi-

Fig. 317 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Cosmiella longiforceps (BRINDLE). After BRINDLE.

Fig. 318 Holotype genital armature of Cosmiella longiforceps (BRINDLE). After BRINDLE.

Fig. 319 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Cosmiella longiforceps (BRINDLE). After BRINDLE.

202 nuate. Penultimate sternite simple, broadly rounded posteriorly. Branches of forceps (Fig. 317) very long, remote at base, slender, cylindrical, curved evenly throughout their length. Genitalia (Fig. 318) comparatively long; central parameral plate strongly depressed, virga within genital lobe long, basal sclerite well developed; external parameres obtuse. - Female very similar to male, but antennae mainly reddish, black only at tip of first joint; ultimate tergite narrower; forceps (Fig. 319) slender, slightly curved. - Length of body with forceps: male: 1 6 mm, female: 1 3 - 1 4 m m . Distribution: Madagascar. 14.

Cosmiella madagascariensis

(BRINDLF.)

Opisthocosmia dubia BURR (NEC BORMANS, 1 8 9 4 ) , Trans ent. soc. London, 1904: 3 3 0 3 . - Terra typica: Madagascar (Type male: Brit. Mus. Nat, Hist., London). 1907 Emboros dubia - BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. London, 1907: 104. 1 9 7 8 Emboros madagascariensis BRINDLE (new name for Opisthocosmia dubia B U R R , 1 9 0 4 - nec de BORMANS, 1 8 9 4 ) , Entomologist's Rec., 90: 61; fig. 1 (male in dorsal view), 2 (tegmina), 3 and (cross-sections of left tegmen, diagrammatic), 4 (tegmina). 1989 Cosmiella madagascariensis - STEINNMANN, World Catalogue of Dermaptera, Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, p. 673. 1904

Literature: SAKAI, 1982

Description: Male colour blackish anteriorly, antennae yellow, basal two joints darker; legs yellow, femora vaguely darkened; forceps dark yellow. Head convex, slightly depressed on vertex; postfrontal and coronal sutures weak. Eyes rather large, but shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Posterior margin of head straight medially. First antennal joint long slender, about as long as distance between antennal bases. Pronotum narrow, longer than wide; anterior angles

/ Fig. 320 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Cosmiella madagascariensis (BRINDLE). After BRINDLE.

203 poited, lateral margins more or less parallel with narrow explanate sides curved slightly dorsad. Tegmina typical for the genus, lateral longitudinal keels present; posterior margins obliquely truncate. Wings absent. Abdomen widened medially, smooth, shining. Ultimate tergite large, slightly depressed between bases of forceps. Penultimate sternite broad, rounded poteriorly. Both branches or forceps (Fig. 320) swolleen at base, parallel-sieded for most part, apice narrowed and incurved, inner margins with small denticulations basally. - Female as male, but forceps contiguous, elongate, cylindrical. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes; 8 - 1 0 mm. Distribution: Madagascar. 15. Cosmiella unicolor

(BRINDLE)

1966 Emboros unicolor BRINDLE, Trans. R. ent. Soc. London, 118; 255; fig. 62 (genitalia of holotype, 65 (male in dorsal view). - Terra typica: Madagascar (Type male: Mus. nation. Hist, nat., Paris). 1989 Cosmiella unicolor - STEINMANN, World Catalogue of Dermaptera, Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, p. 675. Literature: BRINDLE, 1 9 6 9 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 .

Description: Male almost uniformly yellowish-brown, but with the legs rather lighter. Head comparatively short, rounded; postfrontal and coronal sutures well marked; posterior margin convex. Eyes prominent, but shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint very long, longer than distance between antennal bases. Pronotum smooth and shiny, quadrate; plate with median longitudinal impressed line; explanate lateral margins narrow anteriorly wider posteriorly. Tegmina rather longer than pronotum, coriaceous, duller than

Fig. 321 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Cosmiella unicolor (BRINDLE). After BRINDLE.

Fig. 322 Holotype genital armature of Cosmiella unicolor (BRINDLE). After

Fig. 323 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Cosmiella unicolor

BRINDLE.

(BRINDLE). Original.

204 pronotum; lateral longitudinal keel curved mesad on apical half; posterior margins obliquely truncate; wings absent. Abdomen shiny coriaceous, hardly dilated posteriorly; basal half of segments 3 - 4 punctate. Ultimate tergite transverse, as in Fig. 321. Penultimate sternite simple, posterior margin broadly rounded. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 321) long and slender, simple, denticulate on inner margin on basal half. Genitalia (Fig. 322) comparatively short and broad; central parameral plate expanded apically, virga comparatively short, and basal sac large; external parameres normally developed, obtuse. - Female similar to male, but forceps (Fig. 323) almost contiguous, wider basally, tapering distally, straight except at tips, which curve mesad. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 8-9.5 mm. Distribution: Madagascar. 16. Cosmiella eridana

STEINMANN

1989 Cosmiella eridana STEINMANN, Acta zool. hung., 35:156; fig. 30 (holotype ultimate tergite with forceps), 31 (holotype genital armature, gen. prep. No. 911, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN). - Terra typica: Nyassaland (Type male: Mus. Comp. Zool., Cambridge, Mass.).

Description: Male general colour vary dark reddish-brown, head brownish anteriorly and reddish posteriorly; forceps red. Head longer than wide, tumid, smooth, shiny; postfrontal and coronal sutures distinct; posterior margin convex in the middle. Eyes comparatively small, essentially shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae broken in holotype; first joint long, about as long as distance between antennal bases. Pronotum somewhat longer than wide, lateral

Fig. 324 Holotype ultimate tergite with forceps of Cosmiella eridana STEINMANN. Orginal

Fig. 325 Holotype genital armature of Cosmiella eridana STEINMANN. Original.

205 margins convex, posterior angles and margins broadly rounded; prozona tumid, metazona deplanate. Tegmina moderately short, lateral longitudinal keel well marked, straight; posterior margin obliquely truncate. Wings entirely absent. Abdomen widened medially, lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct. Ultimate tergite transverse, simple, somewhat depressed between bases of forceps. Penultimate sternite simple, broadly rounded posteriorly. Left branch of forceps undeveloped. Right branch (Fig. 324) elongate, cylindrical in crosssection, more or less straight, inner margin with a well marked tooth on apical half, directed ventrally. Genitalia (Fig. 325, gen.prep. No. 911, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) well developed; central parameral plate strongly narrowed basally, virga within genital lobe very long with characteristic sclerotized plates basally; external parameres simple, obtuse. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 13.5 mm. Distribution: Zimbabwe-Rhodesia. 17. Cosmiella adolfi

(BURR)

1909 Archidux adolfi BURR, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (8) 4:124.-Terra typica: Uganda (Type male: Brit. Mus. Nat. Hist., London). 1916 Archidux adolfi - BURR, Jl. R. microsc. Soc., London, 1916: 18; pi. 4, fig. 11 (male genitalia). 1973 Archidux adolfi - BRINDLE, The Dermaptera of Africa, 1: 292; fig. 395 (male forceps), 396 (female forceps), 405 (male genitalia) (Rwanda, Tanzania). 1989 Cosmiella adolfi - STEINMANN, World Catalogue of Dermaptera, Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, p. 668. Literature: BORELLI, 1923; BURR, 1911, 1912; HINCKS, 1953; MENOZZI, 1935; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1968; SAKAI, 1973, 1 9 8 2 .

Description: Male general colour shiny black; tegmina somewhat duller, tips of tibiae and all tarsi yellowish-brown. Head transverse, mainly tumid, but vertex slightly depressed, posterior angles rounded; postfrontal and coronal sutures not visible, but sometimes the coronal suture distinct on vertex. Eyes prominent, but shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint long, about as long as distance between antennal bases, or a little shorter. Pronotum as wide as long or slightly longer, rectangular, lateral margins curving dorsally and ending anteriorly in a sharp tooth. Tegmina short, coriaceous, posterior margins obliquely truncate, both tegmina with a well-marked lateral longitudinal keel. Wings absent. Abdomen long, almost parallel-sided, tergites 1 - 5 duller, the rest shiny, all segments strigose on posterior half, lateral tubercles small on third, large on fourth tergite. Ultimate tergite transverse, swollen above the base of each branch of the forceps. Pygidium small, posterior margin excised. Penultimate sternite simple, rounded posteriorly. Forceps (Fig. 326) very long, cylindrical, rather flattened medially, especially near base, inner margin finely denticulated on about basal half, and with a small ventro-median tooth near the middle. Genitalia (Fig. 327) comparatively short and broad; central parameral plate broad, flattened. Virga within genital lobe normally developed, and turned

206

Fig. 326 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Cosmiella adolfi ( B U R R ) .

Fig. 327 Male genital armature of Cosmiella adolfi ( B U R R ) . A f t e r BRINDLE.

After BRINDLE.

Fig. 328 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Cosmiella adolfi ( B U R R ) . After BRINDLE.

basally. - Female similar to male, but ultimate tergite narrowed posteriorly; both branches of forceps (Fig. 328) slender, almost straight, except at apex. - Length of body with forceps: male: 22-30 mm, female: 18-23 mm. Distribution: West Africa. 18. Cosmiella pygidiata

(BRINDLE)

1973 Archidux pygidiatus BRINDLE, The Dermaptera of Africa, 1: 298; fig. 403 (male forceps), 404 (female forceps). - Terra typica: Kenya (Type male: Nat. Mus., Nairobi). 1989 Cosmiella pygidiata - STEINMANN, World Catalogue of Dermaptera, Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, p. 674. Literature: SAKAI, 1 9 8 2 .

Description: Male general colour dark reddish-brown; antennae, legs, and forceps yellowish-brown; lateral margins of pronotum yellow, and lateral parts of abdomen darkened. Head transverse, mainly tumid, but depressed on vertex; postfrontal and coronal sutures visible; posterior margin of head convex in the middle. Eyes normally developed, somewhat shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint long, about as long as distance between antennal bases. Pronotum transverse, slightly widened posteriorly, anterior angles blunt, posterior margin almost straight. Tegmina short, exposing a triangular scutellum, posterior margin obliquely truncate. Legs long, femora of anterior pair of legs wider than those of posterior four legs. Abdomen widening to tergites 5 - 7 , the narrowing; lateral glandular folds on third tergite small, those on fourth

207

jwr

11

Fig. 329 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Cosmiella pygidiata (BRINDLE). After BRINDLE.

Fig. 330 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Cosmiella pygidiata (BRINDLE). After BRINDLE.

large. Ultimate tergite transverse, sides almost parallel, tergite depressed medially near posterior margin and swollen above the base of each branch of the forceps. Pygidium comparatively large, apex deeply excised. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 329) cylindrical, widely separated at base, rather broad, with one ventro-median tooth towards apex. - Female similar to male; ultimate tergite narrower, and both branches of forceps (Fig. 330) slender, straight except at apex, contiguous. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 1 0 - 1 2 . 5 mm. Distribution: Kenya. 19. Cosmiella bilobata (BRINDLE) 1973 Archidux bilobatus BRINDLE, The Dermaptera of Africa, 1: 299; fig. 408 (female forceps), 409 (male forceps in lateral view), 407 (male forceps). - Terra typica: Kenya (Type male: Brit. Mus. nat. Hist., London). 1989 Cosmiella bilobata - STEINMANN, World Catalogue of Dermaptera, Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, p. 670. L i t e r a t u r e : SAKAI, 1 9 8 2 .

Description: Male general colour black, head yellow; antennae dark brown, legs and forceps dark brown or somewhat paler. Head transverse, tumid, but depressed along sutures, lateral margins almost parallel, postero-lateral angles rounded, posterior margin almost straight. Eyes comparatively large, but shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint typical, about as long as distance between antennal bases. Pronotum transverse, widened posteriorly. Tegmina short, obliquely truncate posteriorly. Abdomen fusiform, rather depressed; lateral glandular folds on tergite third, small, those on fourth tergite large. Ultimate tergite transverse, swollen above the bases of the branches of the forceps, and strongly depressed medially on posterior margin between the

208 swollen areas. Pygidium moderately large, widened posteriorly, deeply excised on posterior margin, and forming two triangular lobes. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 331) elliptical in cross-section basally, cylindrical distally, inner margins with small isolated rounded teeth arranged longitudinally, slightly arcuate; towards the apex is a ventro-median tooth, and from this tooth on the branch curves sharply dorso-posteriorly. Genitalia (Fig. 332) specific; central parameral plate oval, virga within genital lobe characteristic, very long and turned basally, not of Cosmiella-type; external parameres comparatively small, obtuse apically. - Female similar to male; both branches of forceps very slender, almost straight, tapering distally, inner margins slightly crenulated; contiguous. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 12-14.5 mm. Distribution: Kenya.

Fig. 331 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Cosmiella bilobata (BRINDLE). After BRINDLE.

20.

Fig. 332 Male genital armature of Cosmiella bilobata (BRINDLE). Originai.

Cosmiella artificiosa

STEINMANN

1989 Cosmiella artificiosa STEINMANN, Acta zool. hung., 35: 159; fig. 39 (holotype ultimate tergite with forceps), 40 (holotype genital armature, gen. prep. No. 944, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN). Terra typica: Tanzania (Type male: Univ. Zool. Mus., Kobenhavn).

Description: Male general colour dark red; head orange, and legs light brown. Head large, tumid; postfrontal and coronal sutures very deep; posterior margin strongly convex in the middle. Eyes normally developed, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae 12-jointed; first joint long, about as long as distance between antennal bases; second quadrate, third somewhat shorter than fourth; the rest elongate, cylindrical. Pronotum transverse, lateral margins

209 deplanate and finely convex; posterior margin convex; median longitudinal furrow faint. Tegmina short, lateral longitudinal keel well marked, posterior margin obliquely truncate; surface conspicuous, granulate. Wings absent. Abdomen elongate, all tergites punctulate, lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 large. Ultimate tergite transverse, tumid anteriorly, and depressed posteriorly. Pygidium specific, posterior margin deeply excised, with two narrow finger-like protuberances laterally. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 333) very long and slender, cylindrical in cross-section; inner margins finely crenulate on the basal third. Genitalia (Fig. 334, gen.prep. No. 944, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) simple; central parameral plate broad and short, virga within genital lobe median size, and turned basally; external parameres oval. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 21 mm. Distribution: Tanzania.

Fig. 333 Holotype ultimate tergite with forceps of Cosmiella artificiosa STEINMANN. Original.

Fig. 334 Holotype genital armature of Cosmiella artificiosa STEINMANN. Original.

21. Cosmiella bicolor

(BRINDLE)

1973 Archidux bicolor BRINDLE, The Dermaptera of Africa, 1: 296; fig. 402 (male in dorsal view). Terra typica: Tanzania (Type male: Manchester Mus.). 1989 Cosmiella bicolor - STEINMANN, World Catalogue of Dermaptera, Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, p. 6 6 9 . L i t e r a t u r e : SAKAI, 1 9 8 2 .

Description: Male colour yellowish-brown to blackish-brown; head reddish, antennae yellowish-brown, legs yellow, but distal half of femora darkened. Cuticle coriaceous, except for abdominal tergites, which are sparsely punctate

210

and pubescent. Head transverse, tumid, lateral margins more or less parallel, posterior angles rounded, and posterior margin slightly concave; postfrontal and coronal sutures distinct. Eyes normally developed, a little shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint comparatively short, shorter than the distance between antennal bases. Pronotum transverse, almost parallel-sided, but slightly widened posteriorly, posterior margin weakly convex. Tegmina short, about as long as pronotum measured along lateral margins, the tegmina obliquely truncate, so that the sutural margins are short; lateral longitudinal keel perfect. Abdomen broad, depressed, rather short, but possibly retracted in the present specimens; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct. Ultimate tergite transverse, simple. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 335) cylindrical, slightly wider at base, inner surface with small, isolated, rounded teeth; towards the apex is a large, almost ventral tooth, the apical part of branch beyond this tooth is narrow and incurved, and curved dorsally. - Female similar to male, but forceps short, wider at base, almost straight and simple, branches contiguous. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 9 - 1 1 mm. Distribution: Tanzania.

Fig. 335 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Cosmiella bicolor (BRINDLE). After BRINDLE.

22. Cosmiella neavei

(BURR)

1914 Archidux neavei BURR, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (8) 4: 422. - Terra typica: Tanzania (Type male: Brit. Mus. Nat. Hist., London). 1989 Cosmiella neavei - STEINMANN, World Catalogue of Dermaptera. Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, p. 673. L i t e r a t u r e : BRINDLE, 1973; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1982.

Description: Male general colour deep reddish-black; head red, legs brown, femora yellow at base. Head transverse, smooth, postfrontal and coronal sutures

211 not visible; posterior margin convex in the middle. Eyes normally developed, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint about as long as distance between antennal bases, or somewhat shorter. Pronotum slightly transverse, rectangular; lateral margin faintly convex, posterior angles and margin rounded. Tegmina short, exposing mesonotum in the form of a wide scutellum, posterior margins obliquely truncate; sutural margins shorter than lateral margins. Wings absent. Abdomen short, somewhat depressed, lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 large. Ultimate tergite simple, transverse, somewhat depressed medially near posterior margin. Branches of forceps (Fig. 336) widely separated from each other at base, elongated, parallel, straight; just before apex, on upper margin, is an erect slender acute spine. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 15-15.5 mm. Distribution: Tanzania.

23. Cosmiella laevis

(BRINDLE)

1975 Archidux laevis BRINDLE, Revue zool. bot. Afr., 89: 694; fig. 4 (male in dorsal view). - Terra typica: Tanzania (Type male: Mus. r. Afr. centr., Tervuren). 1989 Cosmiella laevis - STEINMANN, World Catalogue of Dermaptera, Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, p. 672. L i t e r a t u r e : BRINDLE, 1 9 7 8 ; SAKAI, 1 9 8 2 .

Description: Male dark yellowish-brown, head reddish-brown; legs yellowish with a broad darker band on distal half of femora, apices of femora yellow. Cuticle glabrous, impunctate, rather shiny; tegmina very finely coriaceous. Head transverse, depressed along line of postfrontal sutures, which are well marked; coronal suture distinct; posterior margin of head convex. Eyes medium size, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennal joints elongated and narrow, first joint a somewhat shorter than distance between antennal bases.

212 Pronotum transverse, margins more or less straight. Tegmina short, exposing a wide area of mesonotum and the scutellum, and the first abdominal tergite; posterior margins obliquely truncate. Wings absent. Abdomen slightly widened to tergites 7 - 8 , and only slightly depressed; glandular folds on third tergite small, those on fourth large and prominent. Ultimate tergite transverse, lateral margins sinuate, posterior margin thickened and darkened, median surface near posterior margin striated and raised above the base of each branch of the forceps, but depressed medially along the margin. Pygidium comparatively small, ventral surface ending bluntly with a small postero-lateral projection on each side. Forceps (Fig. 337) cylindrical, slightly widened at base, and slightly sinuate, inner margins with small denticulations basally, and with a small median tooth beyond midpoint. - Female similar to male, branches of forceps simple, shorter and slender. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 14-15 mm. Distribution: Tanzania.

24.

Fig. 337

Male ultimate tergite with forceps of

Cosmiella

laevis (BRINDLE). A f t e r BRINDLE.

Cosmiella minima

(BRINDLE)

1966 Archidux minimus BRINDLE, Revue zool. bot. Afr., 73: 56; fig. 14 (male abdominal end with forceps), 15-16 (ditto, laterally), 20 (genitalia of holotype), 23 (pronotum). - Terra typica: Kivu (Type male: Mus. r. Afr. centr., Tervuren). 1989 Cosmiella minima - STEINMANN, World Catalogue of Dermaptera, Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, p. 673. Literature: BRINDLE, 1973; SAKAI, 1973, 1982.

Description: Male colour pitchy, rather shiny, with antennae, sides of pronotum, and sides of tegmina testaceous. Head broad, vertex somewhat depressed; postfrontal and coronal sutures fairly distinct; posterior margin of head convex in the middle. Eyes normally developed, a little shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint shorter than distance between antennal bases; dilated on distal half, and as long as joints 2 - 4 combined; second

213 short, quadrate, third shorter than fourth. Pronotum narrower than head, smooth and shiny and rather transverse; explanate lateral margins reflexed slightly dorsad, posterior margin not reflexed. Tegmina short, coriaceous, shiny picth-colored, testaceous about suture and basal part; lateral longitudinal keel well marked; posterior margins obliquely truncate. Wings absent. Abdomen short and dilated posteriorly, tergites punctate on basal half, glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 large; abdominal segments 7 - 9 with raised rugose areas on each side, placed dorso-laterally. Ultimate tergite transverse, with a circular area raised over the base of each branch of the forceps. Pygidium transverse, slightly emargiante apically. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 338) cylindrical on basal third, then flattened on inner surfaces, both dorsal edges and ventral edges of this flattened surface end in large dorso-median and ventro-median teeth. Genitalia (Fig. 339) simple; central parameral plate short, virga within genital lobe medium size with Cosmiella-type curvature basally; external parameres club-shaped, smoothly rounded at tips. - Female as male, but ultimate tergite narrowed posteriorly, and swollen over the base of the forceps; forceps slender and subcontiguous, tapered distally, straight proximally and curved at apices. Pygidium hidden. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 10-13 mm. Distribution: Rwanda: Lake Kivu.

Fig. 338 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Cosmiella minima (BRINDLE). After BRINDLE.

Fig. 339 Holotype genital armature of Cosmiella minima (BRINDLE). After BRINDLE.

25. Cosmiella intermedia

(BRINDLE)

1966 Archidux intermedius BRINDLE, Revue zool. bot. Afr., 73: 54; fig. 21 (genitalia of holotype), 24 (pronotum), 13 (male forceps), 17 (ditto, laterally). - Terra typica: Kivu (Type male: Mus. r. Afr. centr., Turvuren). 1989 Cosmiella intermedia - STEINMANN, World Catalogue of Dermaptera, Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, p. 672. Literature: BRINDLE, 1973; SAKAI, 1973, 1982.

214 Description: Male general colour shiny black. Head smooth, postfrontal and coronal sutures obsolete, except for coronary suture, which is distinct; posterior margin convex. Eyes convex, small, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae 11-jointed (after BRINDLE); first joint shorter than distance between antennal bases; second transverse, third joint about one third as long as first, fourth about as long as third. Pronotum narrower than head, quadrate; lateral margins curving slightly dorsad and ending anteriorly in a tooth. Tegmina short, coriaceous, lateral longitudinal keels pronounced; posterior margins obliquely truncate. Wings absent. Abdomen rather dilated posteriorly; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 prominent. Ultimate tergite transverse, simple. Pygidium rounded dorsally, and excised ventrally. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 340) slender and elongate, dilated or flattened basally, cylindrical medially and apically; inner margins with a ventral tooth medially. Genitalia (Fig. 341) of Cosmiella-type; central parameral plate comparatively narrow, virga within genital lobe long with a smaller or larger sclerotized plate basally. - Female similar to male, but ultimate tergite narrowed posteriorly, and forceps subcontiguous, tapering, simple. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 13-14,5 mm. Distribution: Rwanda: Lake Kivu.

Fig. 340 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Cosmiella intermedia (BRINDLE). After

Fig. 341 Holotype genital armature of Cosmiella intermedia (BRINDLE). After

BRINDLE.

BRINDLE.

26. Cosmiella rugosa (BRINDLE) 1975 Archidux rugosus BRINDLE, Revue zool. bot. Afr., 89:693. - Terra typica: Tanzania (Type male: Mus. r. Afr. centr., Tervuren). 1989 Cosmiella rugosa - STEINMANN, World Catalogue of Dermaptera, Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, p. 674. Literature: BRINDLE, 1978; SAKAI, 1982.

215 Description: Male general colour blackish, but antennae dark brown, joint 12 and part of 11 usually whitish; head brownish-red; lateral part of pronotum dark brown; legs yellowish-brown, darkened on distal half of femora and on basal half ormore of tibiae. Cuticle shiny, almost glabrous, hairs short, sparse, and dark. Tegmina strongly and deeply punctate, the punctures large and tending to coalesce, forming irregular ridges. Head transverse, postfrontal sutures well marked and depressed; posterior margin convex in the middle. Eyes small, slightly shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae typical. Pronotum transverse, antero-lateral angles with a small tooth, lateral margins slightly convex and posterior margin weakly convex. Tegmina short, with a well-marked lateral longitudinal keel. Abdomen long and parallel-sided, lateral glandular folds on third tergite small, those on fourth large. Ultimate tergite narrow, rugose posteriorly, and slightly swollen above the base of each branch of the forceps. Forceps long and slender, basal half with small denticulations, and each branch with a small ventro-median teeth near middle. Pygidium convex dorsally, posterior margin of ventral surface with a short postero-lateral projection on each side. - Female similar to male, but broader, abdomen broader and widened medially; both branches of forceps shorter, braoder at base, narrowed distally, excavated at extreme base near pygidium, inner margins with small denticulations. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 17-19 mm. Distribution: Tanzania. Genus 15: Mixocosmia

BORELLI

1909 Mixocosmia BORELLI, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. R. Univ., Torino, 24 (611): 14. - Species typica: Mixocosmia tristani BORELLI, 1909 (for subfamily Ancistrogastrinae). 1968 Mixocosmia - BRINDLE, Stud. Fauna Surinam-Guyanas, 10: 47 (proposed synonymy with Sarakas BURR, 1907). 1968 Mixocosmia - POPHAM & BRINDLE, Entomologist, 101: 198 (as valid genus). 1971 Mixocosmia - REICHARDT, Pap. Avulsos zool. S. Paulo, 24 (12): 172 (as synonym of Sarakas BURR, 1907). 1973 Mixocosmia - SAKAI, Dermapterorum Cat. Prael., Tokyo, 7: 19 (as synonym of Kleter BURR, 1907).

1975 Mixocosmia - STEINMANN, Acta zool. hung., 21: 216 (as valid genus, and transferrence to subfamily Cosmiellinae). Literature: BURR, 1 9 1 1 ; TOWNES, 1 9 4 5 .

Description: New World species. Head rounded or a little longer than wide; eyes more or less normally developed, prominent. Pronotum transverse, rounded posteriorly. Tegmina perfect, normally or fully developed, with sharply lateral longitudinal keels; wings prominent. Abdomen of male feebly dilated about the middle; ultimate tergite transverse, feebly sloping. Penultimate sternite of mlae with pointed lobes at the angles. Branches of male forceps with characteristic basal tooth near pygidium on inner margins. Virga within male genital lobe generally straight and elongate. Distribution: Neotropical region.

215 Description: Male general colour blackish, but antennae dark brown, joint 12 and part of 11 usually whitish; head brownish-red; lateral part of pronotum dark brown; legs yellowish-brown, darkened on distal half of femora and on basal half ormore of tibiae. Cuticle shiny, almost glabrous, hairs short, sparse, and dark. Tegmina strongly and deeply punctate, the punctures large and tending to coalesce, forming irregular ridges. Head transverse, postfrontal sutures well marked and depressed; posterior margin convex in the middle. Eyes small, slightly shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae typical. Pronotum transverse, antero-lateral angles with a small tooth, lateral margins slightly convex and posterior margin weakly convex. Tegmina short, with a well-marked lateral longitudinal keel. Abdomen long and parallel-sided, lateral glandular folds on third tergite small, those on fourth large. Ultimate tergite narrow, rugose posteriorly, and slightly swollen above the base of each branch of the forceps. Forceps long and slender, basal half with small denticulations, and each branch with a small ventro-median teeth near middle. Pygidium convex dorsally, posterior margin of ventral surface with a short postero-lateral projection on each side. - Female similar to male, but broader, abdomen broader and widened medially; both branches of forceps shorter, braoder at base, narrowed distally, excavated at extreme base near pygidium, inner margins with small denticulations. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 17-19 mm. Distribution: Tanzania. Genus 15: Mixocosmia

BORELLI

1909 Mixocosmia BORELLI, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. R. Univ., Torino, 24 (611): 14. - Species typica: Mixocosmia tristani BORELLI, 1909 (for subfamily Ancistrogastrinae). 1968 Mixocosmia - BRINDLE, Stud. Fauna Surinam-Guyanas, 10: 47 (proposed synonymy with Sarakas BURR, 1907). 1968 Mixocosmia - POPHAM & BRINDLE, Entomologist, 101: 198 (as valid genus). 1971 Mixocosmia - REICHARDT, Pap. Avulsos zool. S. Paulo, 24 (12): 172 (as synonym of Sarakas BURR, 1907). 1973 Mixocosmia - SAKAI, Dermapterorum Cat. Prael., Tokyo, 7: 19 (as synonym of Kleter BURR, 1907).

1975 Mixocosmia - STEINMANN, Acta zool. hung., 21: 216 (as valid genus, and transferrence to subfamily Cosmiellinae). Literature: BURR, 1 9 1 1 ; TOWNES, 1 9 4 5 .

Description: New World species. Head rounded or a little longer than wide; eyes more or less normally developed, prominent. Pronotum transverse, rounded posteriorly. Tegmina perfect, normally or fully developed, with sharply lateral longitudinal keels; wings prominent. Abdomen of male feebly dilated about the middle; ultimate tergite transverse, feebly sloping. Penultimate sternite of mlae with pointed lobes at the angles. Branches of male forceps with characteristic basal tooth near pygidium on inner margins. Virga within male genital lobe generally straight and elongate. Distribution: Neotropical region.

216

Identification key to the species 1 Y 2 2' 3 3' 4 4' 5 5'

Branches of male forceps with ventral and dorsal teeth on apical portion (Fig. 342). Lateral spines of male penultimate sternite comparatively short but acuminate (Fig. 343); male genitalia as in Fig. 344 1. Mixocosmia tolteca, p. 216 Branches of male forceps with only one dorsal or one ventral tooth, or with some inner tubercles 2 Branches of male forceps with only one dorsal or one ventral tooth 3 Branches of male forceps widened apically, or with smaller tubercles on inner margins . . 4 Pronotum transverse, posterior margin convex. Legs yellow; tegmina dark brown, and wings with basal yellow spot 2. Mixocosmia cavernicola, p. 217 Pronotum subequal, posterior margin broadly rounded. Legs dark; tegmina with a poorly defined pre-median spot, and wings dark brown 3. Mixocosmia carrikeri, p. 218 Branches of male forceps strongly widened apically (Fig. 348), and with two smaller tubercles medially on inner margins. External parameres of male genitalia fully developed, as in Fig. 349 4. Mixocosmia variabilis, p. 219 Branches of male forceps without strongly widened apical portion. External parameres of male genitalia as in Figs 352 and 354 5 Branches of male forceps arcuate, with smaller inner tubercles medially and apically (Fig. 351); male genitalia conspicuous, very narrow, as in Fig. 352 5. Mixocosmiatristani, p. 221 Branches of male forceps strongly curved on apical third, with smaller inner tubercles medially (Fig. 353); male genitalia normally developed, as in Fig. 354 . . . . 6. Mixocosmia borelli, p. 222

1. Mixocosmia tolteca (SCUDDER) 1876 Forficula tolteca SCUDDER, Proc. Boston Soc. nat. Hist., 18: 261. - Terra typica: Mexico (Type female: U.S. nation. Mus., Washington). 1893 Ancistrogaster tolteca - BORMANS, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Orth.: 10; pi. 2, fig. 11 (male in dorsal view), 12 (ditto, female). 1907 Vlax toltecus - BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. Lond., 1907: 108. 1911 Vlax toltecus - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 87; pi. 9, fig. 20 (tegmina), 20a (abdominal end with forceps). 1917 Paracosmia tolteca -HEBARD, Trans. Am. ent. Soc., 43:427; pi. 28, fig. 17-19 (variation of male forceps). 1929 Vlax tolteca - MENOZZI, Mem. Soc. ent. Ital., 8 (1): 15; fig. 16 (male genitalia). 1968 Praos toltecus - POPHAM & BRINDLE, Entomologist, 101: 197. 1971 Paracosmia tolteca - REICHARDT, Pap. Avulsos zool. S. Paulo, 24 (12): 174 (Mexico, Guatemala). Literature: BORMANS & KRAUSS, 1 9 0 0 ; KIRBY, 1 9 0 4 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 .

Description: Male general colour more or less uniformly brown, sometimes yellowish brown or light brown. Head comparatively large, somewhat wider than pronotum; postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct; posterior margin of head convex in the middle. Eyes moderately large, but a little shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint long, longer than distance between antennal bases, and strongly narrowed basally; second quadrate, third joing slightly shorter than the fourth. Pronotum transverse, lateral margins more or less straight, and somewhat narrowed posteriorly; posterior margin obtuseangles. Tegmina fully developed, lateral longitudinal keels well marked; uniformly brown. Wings well developed, without yellowish basal spot. Abdomen somewhat depressed, oval, expanded medially; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 prominent. Ultimate tergite transverse, smooth, somewhat depressed

217

medially near posterior margin. Pygidium hidden. Penultimate sternite of Mixocosmia-type, as in Fig. 343. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 342) characteristic, strongly curved; flattened basally, and cylindrical medially, broadened apically; apical portion with a ventral and a dorsal tooth. Genitalia (Fig. 344, gen.prep. No. 943, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) well developed; central parameral plate broad, virga within genital lobe of Mixocosmia-type, straight, with narrower and wider sections; external parameres comparatively short, obtuse. Female similar to male, but forceps slender, tapering, contiguous, simple, and penultimate sternite without laberal lobes. - Length of body with forceps: male: 1 1 , 5 - 1 3 , 5 , female: 1 0 - 1 2 mm. Distribution: Mexico, and Guatemala.

Fig. 342 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Mixocosmia tolteca (SCUDDER). Original.

Fig. 343 Posterior margin of male penultimate sternite of Mixocosmia tolteca (SCUDDER). Original.

2.

Mixocosmia cavernicola

Fig. 344 Male genital armature of Mixocosmia tolteca (SCUDDER). Original.

BRINDLE

1979 Mixocosmia cavernicola BRINDLE, Entomologist's month. Mag., 115:153; fig. 6 (male in dorsal view). - Terra typica: Mexico (Type male: U.S. nation. Mus., Washington). L i t e r a t u r e : SAKAI, 1 9 8 2 .

Description: Male dark reddish-or yellowish-brown; antennae dark brown with one or more of the distal joints partially paler; basal joints yellow; pronotum yellowish laterally and posteriorly; legs yellow, wings with a basal yellow spot. Head transverse, tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures present; posterior margin convex medially. Eyes large, but slightly shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint slender, longer than the distance between antennal bases; second nearly quadrate, third two and a half times as long as wide; distal joints very long, slender, more or less cylindrical, about six times as

218 long as wide; all joints pubescent, hairs yellow to brown. Pronotum relatively small, transverse, lateral margins convex, posterior margin rounded. Tegmina and wings fully developed. Legs long and slender. Abdomen slightly depressed, narrowed anteriorly and posteriorly, lateral glandular folds on third tergite prominent, those on fourth larger. Ultimate tergite transverse, depressed between the bases of the forceps. Penultimate sternite broad, posterior margin convex, with two small angular postero-lateral projections. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 345) cylindrical, except at base where each branch widens interally to form a blunt cone-shaped blackish projection. The branch is nearly straight, but curved dorsally, ending in an incurved apex; before the apex is a small ventro-median tooth; isolated denticulations occur on the inner surface. Female similar to male, but abdomen more strongly narrowed posteriorly; both branches of forceps simple, straight, without a distal ventro-median tooth or basal projection, and inner surface with more evenly distributed denticulations. Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 8-9,5 mm. Distribution: Mexico.

Fig. 345 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Mixocosmia cavernicola BRINDLE. After BRINDLE.

3. Mixocosmia carrikeri (REHN) comb. nov. 1921 Paracosmia carrikeri REHN, Trans. Am. ent. Soc., 47: 316; pi. 17, fig. 4 (male in dorsal view), 5 (penultimate sternite), 6 (male abdominal end, laterally). - Terra typica: Costa Rica (Type male: HEBARD'S Collection, Philadelphia). L i t e r a t u r e : REICHARDT, 1 9 7 1 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 7 8 .

Description: Male general colour brown, lateral margins of pronotum clear chestnut; femora with proximal portion distinctly ochraceous, tibiae ferruginous. Head cordiform, slightly longr than wide; posterior margin rounded, postfrontal and coronal sutures distinct. Eyes comparatively large, but shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint long, about as long as distance between antennal bases, or sometimes a little longer. Pronotum with

219 length subequal to width; lateral margins faintly arcuate and faintly converging posteriorly, posterior margin broadly rounded; median longitudinal furrow distinct. Tegmina well developed, about twice as long as pronotum; carinate throughout their length. Wings with exposed portion slightly shorter than length of pronotum. Abdomen subfusiform, widened medially. Ultimate tergite transverse. Penultimate sternite (Fig. 347) subrectangulate, transverse, greatest length shorter then one and one-half times its greatest width; lateral margins slightly converging caudad; surface of segment with a faint median sulcus succeded caudad by a small median pit near the posterior margin, latter very slightly but broadly arcuate. Lateral angles of penultimate sternite with two spines. Forceps (Fig. 346) elongate, strongly widened basally, and cylindrical medially and apically; inner margins with a small apical tooth. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 18-19 mm. Distribution: Costa Rica.

Fig. 346 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Mixocosmia carrikeri (REHN). After REHN.

Fig. 347 Posterior margin of male penultimate sternite of Mixocosmia carrikeri (REHN). A f t e r REHN.

4. Mixocosmia variabilis (BRINDLE) comb.nov 1973 Kleter variabilis BRINDLE, Rev. Fac. agr. Maracay, 7 (1): 50; fig. 1 (male in dorsal view), 2 (female forceps), 3 (penultimate sternite). - Terra typica: Venezuela (Type male: Inst. Zool. Agr., Maracay).

Description: Male head reddish, antennae yellowish-brown, scape darker; pronotum dark brown medially, broadly yellow laterally, tegmina and wings dark brown, wings yellow at base; legs yellow, with a slight dark ring towards the apex of each femora; abdomen reddish or reddish-brown, forceps yellowish-

220 brown. Cuticle coriaceous, almost glabrous. Head transverse, tumid, except for two slight depressions between antennal bases; postero-lateral angles rounded, and posterior margin straight. Eyes large, about as long as the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint long, about as long as distance between antennal bases; second transverse, third two and half times as long as wide. Pronotum transverse, lateral margins slightly convex, posterior margin convex, surface with an interrupted median longitudinal furrow, and anterior part with a small circular depression on each side of furrow. Tegmina and wings fully developed, both tegmira with a very narrow but well-defined lateral longitudinal keel along the side. Abdomen widened medially, rather depressed, lateral glandular folds in third tergite small, those on fourth large and prominent; segments 5 - 6 each with a small imcomplete dorso-lateral longitudinal fold or ridge towards each side. Ultimate tergite transverse, swollen above the base of each branch of forceps. Penultimate sternite with a long, almost cylindrical, projection at each posterolateral angle. Forceps (Fig. 348) almost cylindrical, with a weak dorsal longitudinal ridge near base, wider near base and with an inner, more strongly sclerotized bidentate projection; the branch is curved near base, then almost straight, curved again medially about distal third; on the straight part are two inner teeth, the one nearest the base being ventro-median and the other distal tooth position is median. Genitalia (Fig. 349, gen.prep. No. 944, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) specific, but of Mixocosmia-type; central parameral plate elongate, virga within genital lobe very long and straight, external parameres characteristic, broaded basally,

Fig. 348 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Mixocosmia variabilis

Fig. 349 Male genital armature of Mixocosmia

(BRINDLE). O r i g i n a l .

Original.

variabilis

(BRINDLE).

Fig. 350 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Mixocosmia variabilis (BRINDLE). A f t e r BRINDLE.

221

and narrowed and curved apically. - Female similar to male, but abdominal tergites 5 - 6 simple, both branches of forceps (Fig. 350) straight, slender, wider towards, base, with inner margins weakly dentated. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 9 - 1 1 mm. Distribution: Venezuela. 5. Mixocosmia tristani

BORELLI

1909 Mixocosmia /rwtom BORELLI, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. R. Univ., Torino, 24(611): 15; fig. 7 (male in dorsal view). - Terra typica: Costa Rica (Type male, gen.prep. No. 745, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN: MUS. 1st. Zool. sist. Univ., Torino). 1911 Mixocosmia tristani- BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122:88; pi. 9, fig. 24 (tegmina), 24a (abdomen with forceps). 1971 Sarakas tristani - REICHARDT, Pap. Avulsos zool. S. Paulo, 24 (12): 173. 1973 Kleter tristani - SAKAI, Dermapterorum Cat. Prael., Tokyo, 7: 25. 1982 Mixocosmia tristani - SAKAI, Bull. Daito Bunka Univ., 20: 50. Literature: POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1968.

Description: Male general colour dark reddish brown, or sometimes a little darker; antennae and legs lighter brown. Head transverse, tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct; posterior angles rounded, posterior margin straight. Eyes comparatively small, essentially shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae 12-jointed (after BORELLI); first joint moderately short, shorter than the distance between antennal bases; second quadrate, the rest elongate. Pronotum transverse, lateral margins faintly convex, posterior angles and margin broadly rounded; median longitudinal furrow distinct. Tegmina and wings fully developed. Abdomen comparatively short and wide, depressed, lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct. Ultimate tergite transverse, median longitudinal sulcus prominent medially. Penultimate sternite broad,

Fig. 351 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Mixocosmia tristani BORELLI. Original.

Fig. 352 Holotype genital armature of Mixocosmia tristani BORELLI. Original.

222 simple, posterior margin convex, lateral angles with two small lobes. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 351) arcuate; a somewhat depressed, sometimes flattened basally, elliptical in cross-section medially, and cylindrical apically; inner margins with small tubercles, and one medium size tooth apically. Genitalia (Fig. 352, gen.prep. No. 745, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) (contracted in the examined specimen) very long and narrow; central parameral plate simple, virga within genital lobe very long, strongly curved and expanded basally; external parameres small, obtuse. - Female very similar to male, but forceps simple, straight, tapering, contiguous. - Length of body of forceps, male: 15-16 mm, female: 13-14 mm. Distribution: Costa Rica. 6.

Mixocosmia borellii

MENOZZI

1929 Mixocosmia borellii MENOZZI, Mem. Soc. ent. Ital., 8 (1): 16; fig. 9 (male forceps). 10 (genitalia of holotype). - Terra typica: Costa Rica (Type male: MENOZZI's Collection). 1971 Sarakas borellii (MENOZZI, 1929 nec BURR, 1912).-REICHARDT, Pap. Avulsos zool. S. Paulo, 24 (12): 172.

1982 Mixocosmia borellii - SAKAI, Bull. Daito Bunka Univ., 20: 50. Literature: POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 .

Description: Male general colour yellowish-brown to reddish-brown; lateral margins of pronotum lighter; legs light brown; abdomen dark brown and forceps reddish. Head cordiform, tumid; postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct; posterior angles and margin convex. Eyes normally developed, somewhat shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae 12-jointed (after

Fig. 353 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Mixocosmia borellii MENOZZI. After MENOZZI.

Fig. 354 Holotype genital armature of Mixocosmia borellii MENOZZI. After MENOZZI.

223 MENOZZI); first joint long, about as long as distance between antennal bases. Pronotum rectangular, lateral margins faintly convex, posterior margin rounded; median longitudinal furrow present. Tegmina and wings fully developed, but somewhat shorter than the type-form of genus. Abdomen comparatively short, depressed; lateral glandular folds on tergite thrid small, and on tergite 4 larger. Ultimate tergite transverse, depressed medially near posterior margin. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 353) of Mixocosmia-type, strongly flattened basally, with inner margins ending a sharp, triangular tooth; median section elliptical in cross-section, inner margins with three small tubercles medially. Genitalia (Fig. 354) typical; central parameral plate moderately wide, virga within genital lobe straight and long; external parameres as in Fig. 354. - Female very similar to male, but forceps simple, tapering, contiguous, more or less straight. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 18-21 mm. Distribution: Costa Rica. Genus 16: Kleter BURR 1907 Kleter BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. Lond., 1907: 104. - Species typica: Opisthocosmia amazonensis BORMANS, 1899 (for subfamily Opisthocosmiinae). 1907 Sarakas BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. Lond., 1907: 106. - Species typica: Opisthocosmia devians DOHRN, 1865 (for subfamily Ancistrogastrinae). 1910 Dinex BURR, Proc. U.S. natn. Mus., 38: 461. - Species typica: Opisthocosmia americana BORMANS, 1893 (for subfamily Opisthocosmiinae). 1969 Sarakas - BRINDLE, Entomologist's month. Mag., 105: 112 (proposed synonymy with Kleter BURR, 1907).

1969 Dinex - BRINDLE, Entomologist's month. Mag., 105: 112 (proposed synonymy with Kleter BURR, 1907).

1975 Kleter - STEINMANN, Acta zool. hung., 21: 216 (transference to subfamily Cosmiellinae). Literature: BOESEMAN, 1954; BRINDLE, 1966, 1968; BURR, 1911, 1916; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1968; REICHARDT, 1971; SAKAI, 1973, 1982; TOWNES, 1945.

Description: Size generally medium; build slender. First antennal joint very long, essentially longer than the distance between antennal bases. Head comparatively large, vertex strongly depressed. Pronotum various, longer than wide, as long as wide or transverse, but generally narrower than the head. Tegmina and wings well or fully developed, lateral longitudinal keels more or less present. Abdomen elongated, tergites 5 - 8 with or without oblique ridges laterally in the males. Penultimate sternite broadly rounded posteriorly. Distribution: Neotropical region. 9 species (and 1 species in doubtful position). Identification key to the species 1

Pronotum transverse or quadrate. Male abdominal tergites 5 - 8 smooth, without oblique ridges laterally 2 1' Pronotum longer than wide. Male abdominal tergites 5 - 8 with oblique ridges laterally . . 3 2 Lateral longitudinal keels of tegmina long but unexpressed. Pronotum transverse. Male forceps without dorsal tooth (Fig. 355). Male genitalia as in Fig. 356 . . 1. Kleter rehni, p. 224

223 MENOZZI); first joint long, about as long as distance between antennal bases. Pronotum rectangular, lateral margins faintly convex, posterior margin rounded; median longitudinal furrow present. Tegmina and wings fully developed, but somewhat shorter than the type-form of genus. Abdomen comparatively short, depressed; lateral glandular folds on tergite thrid small, and on tergite 4 larger. Ultimate tergite transverse, depressed medially near posterior margin. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 353) of Mixocosmia-type, strongly flattened basally, with inner margins ending a sharp, triangular tooth; median section elliptical in cross-section, inner margins with three small tubercles medially. Genitalia (Fig. 354) typical; central parameral plate moderately wide, virga within genital lobe straight and long; external parameres as in Fig. 354. - Female very similar to male, but forceps simple, tapering, contiguous, more or less straight. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 18-21 mm. Distribution: Costa Rica. Genus 16: Kleter BURR 1907 Kleter BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. Lond., 1907: 104. - Species typica: Opisthocosmia amazonensis BORMANS, 1899 (for subfamily Opisthocosmiinae). 1907 Sarakas BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. Lond., 1907: 106. - Species typica: Opisthocosmia devians DOHRN, 1865 (for subfamily Ancistrogastrinae). 1910 Dinex BURR, Proc. U.S. natn. Mus., 38: 461. - Species typica: Opisthocosmia americana BORMANS, 1893 (for subfamily Opisthocosmiinae). 1969 Sarakas - BRINDLE, Entomologist's month. Mag., 105: 112 (proposed synonymy with Kleter BURR, 1907).

1969 Dinex - BRINDLE, Entomologist's month. Mag., 105: 112 (proposed synonymy with Kleter BURR, 1907).

1975 Kleter - STEINMANN, Acta zool. hung., 21: 216 (transference to subfamily Cosmiellinae). Literature: BOESEMAN, 1954; BRINDLE, 1966, 1968; BURR, 1911, 1916; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1968; REICHARDT, 1971; SAKAI, 1973, 1982; TOWNES, 1945.

Description: Size generally medium; build slender. First antennal joint very long, essentially longer than the distance between antennal bases. Head comparatively large, vertex strongly depressed. Pronotum various, longer than wide, as long as wide or transverse, but generally narrower than the head. Tegmina and wings well or fully developed, lateral longitudinal keels more or less present. Abdomen elongated, tergites 5 - 8 with or without oblique ridges laterally in the males. Penultimate sternite broadly rounded posteriorly. Distribution: Neotropical region. 9 species (and 1 species in doubtful position). Identification key to the species 1

Pronotum transverse or quadrate. Male abdominal tergites 5 - 8 smooth, without oblique ridges laterally 2 1' Pronotum longer than wide. Male abdominal tergites 5 - 8 with oblique ridges laterally . . 3 2 Lateral longitudinal keels of tegmina long but unexpressed. Pronotum transverse. Male forceps without dorsal tooth (Fig. 355). Male genitalia as in Fig. 356 . . 1. Kleter rehni, p. 224

224 2' Lateral longitudinal keels of tegmina short and undeveloped. Pronotum quadrate. Male forceps with prominent dorsal tooth (Fig. 358). Male genitalia as in Fig. 359 2. Kleter boesemani, p. 225 3 Tegmina with conspicuous yellow spot at humeral portion anteriorly; wings yellow at base 3. Kleter scampolo, p. 226 3' Tegmina and wings unicolour, without yellow or yellowish spots 4 4 Male abdominal tergites 5 - 7 with smaller or larger obliquely ridges laterally 5 4' Male abdominal tergites 6 - 7 or 6 - 8 with generally smaller oblique ridges laterally 8 5 Male abdominal tergites 5 - 7 with larger, sharp and contiguous oblique ridges laterally . 6 5' Male abdominal tergites 5 - 7 with smaller, unexpressed oblique ridges laterally 7 6 Male forceps strongly curved with a large, conspicuous tooth on the dorsal surface (Fig. 360); male genitalia fully developed, central parameral plate very broad, specific (Fig. 362) 4. Kleter aterrimus, p. 227 6' Male forceps almost straight, contiguous, with only a very small dorsal tooth 5. Kleter amazonensis, p. 228 7 Dorsal tooth of male forceps visible in the basal half of the branch (Fig. 363). Male genitalia characteristic, central parameral plate very broad, fully developed (Fig. 365) 6. Kleter americanus, p. 229 7 Dorsal tooth of male forceps visible in the apical half of the branch (Fig. 366). Male genitalia normally developed, as in Fig. 367 7. Kleter borellii, p. 230 8 Male abdominal tergites 6 - 7 with smaller oblique ridges laterally. Male forceps laterally compressed with strong triangular tooth 8. Kleter perplexus, p. 231 8' Male abdominal tergites 6 - 8 with smaller oblique ridges laterally. Male forceps with a strong rectangular tooth beyond the middle 9. Kleter devians, p. 231

1. Kleter rehni (BURR) 1907 Sarcinatrix rehni BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. Lond., 1907:103. - Terra typica: Mexico (Type male: Brit. Mus. nat. Hist., London). 1910 Dinex rehni - BURR, Proc. U.S. natn. Mus., 38: 461. 1911 Dinex rehni - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 94; pi. 9, fig. 22 (penultimate sternite), 22a (tarsus). 1968 Dinex rehni - BRINDLE, Acta biol. Ven., 6: 48; fig. 13 (male forceps) (Venezuela). 1969 Kleter rehni - BRINDLE, Entomologist's month. Mag., 105: 113. 1971 Kleter rehni - BRINDLE, Stud. Fauna Curacao-Carib., 38: 62; fig. 60 (pronotum), 59 (male forceps), 64 (male genitalia) (Trinidad). Literature: REICHARDT, 1971, SAKAI, 1973.

Description: Male head reddish-brown, pronotum blackish, widely yellow laterally; tegmina and wings brown, sometimes darkened along sutures; legs yellow, abdomen reddish-brown, lateral parts sometimes darker; forceps reddish-yellow. Head transverse, tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct. Eyes comparatively large, but a little shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint elongate, essentially longer than the distance between antennal bases. Pronotum small, transverse, posterior margin strongly convex; prozona tumid, metazona deplanate. Tegmina and wings normally developed, lateral longitudinal keels of tegmina well developed, long, but narrow. Legs long and slender. Abdomen fusiform; tergites 3 - 4 with lateral glandular folds. Ultimate tergite transverse, smooth, simple. Penultimate sternite broad, posterior margin convex, lateral angles with smaller, but prominent,

225 lobes. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 355) slender, simple, widely separated from each other at base; inner and dorsal surfaces without teeth. Genitalia (Fig. 356) simple; central parameral plate normally developed, virga within genital lobe comparatively small and short, with sclerotized sac basally; external parameres moderately large, obtuse. - Female very similar to male, but wings yellow basally, and forceps (Fig. 357) slender, straight, branches with dorsal edge. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 12-14 mm. Distribution: Mexico, Trinidad, Venezuela.

Fig. 355 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Kleter rehni (BURR). After

Fig. 356 Male genital armature of Kleter rehni

Fig. 357 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Kleter

(BURR). A f t e r BRINDLE.

rehni

(BURR). O r i g i n a l .

BRINDLE.

2. Kleter boesemani

(BRINDLE)

1968 Dinex boesemani BRINDLE, Stud. Fauna Surinam-Guyanas, 10 (36): 50; fig. 58 (male forceps), 61 (pronotum), 66 (genitalia of holotype). - Terra typica: Surinam (Type male: Rijksmus. natuul. Hist., Leiden). 1969 Kleter boesemani - BRINDLE, Entomologist's month. Mag., 105: 113. Literature: REICHARDT, 1971; SAKAI, 1973, 1982.

Description: Male general colour dark brown to dark reddish-brown; antennal joints 3 - 4 yellow, legs yellowish-brown. Head large, tumid, narrowing posteriorly; postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct, posterior margin of head concave. Eyes comparatively large, but a somewhat shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint long, longer than the distance between antennal bases, and hardly dilated distally; second joint quadrate, third about twothirds as long as first; fourth equal in length to third; fifth and sixth longer, more moniliform. Pronotum smooth, more or less quadrate, lateral and

226 posterior margins rounded. Tegmina twice as long as pronotum, smooth, with very faint lateral longitudinal keels; posterior margin truncate. Legs comparatively short, especially tarsi, which are much shorter than the tibiae. Abdomen dilated to segments 7 - 8 , then narrowing slightly; segments 1 - 4 punctured on anterior half, the rest of the segments smooth. Ultimate tergite transverse, posterior margin angular, the part between the bases of forceps projecting in the form of a horizontal ridge. Penultimate sternite with a small lateral projection, visible from a dorsal view. Forceps (Fig. 358) remote at base, arcuate basally, straight and parallel distally, the former part with a strong dorsal tooth on each branch, basally with small rounded teeth. Genitalia (Fig. 359) broad; central parameral plate comparatively short and wide, virga within genital lobe very short with associated sclerites or denticulations basally; external parameres specific, strongly curved, obtuse. - Female unknwon. - Length of body with forceps: 10 mm. Distribution: Surinam.

Kleter boesemani

(BRINDLE). After BRINDLE.

boesemani

(BRINDLE). After BRINDLE.

3. Kleter scampolo sp.nov. Terra typica: Costa Rica, Turrialba, Aug. 29.1966, domanyi Muzeum, Budapest).

ROBIN ANDREWS

Coll. (Type female: Termeszettu

Description: Female colourful; head, scape and mouthparts dark orange, basal part of femora, central part of pronotum, tegmina and wings dark brown, but tegmina with oval, yellow spots anteriorly, and wings yellow basally. Tips of wings with small, yellow spots. Abdomen and forceps dark reddish-brown. Head cordiform, frons tumid, occiput strongly depressed, postfrontal and coronal sutures absent; posterior angles of head weak, posterior margin concave. Eyes prominent, large, but a little shorter than the length of head behind eyes.

227 Antennae 10-jointed; first very long, essentially longer than the distance between antennal bases; second quadrate, third and the rest elongate, cylindrical; joint 9 whitish. Pronotum small, longer than wide, lateral margins faintly convex, and narrowed posteriorly, posterior angles absent, posterior margin broadly rounded; lateral margins with broad yellow stripes. Tegmina and wings fully developed. Abdomen widened medially, conspicuously narrowed anteriorly and posteriorly; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 prominent. Ultimate tergite narrowed posteriorly, simple, smooth. Pygidium hidden. Penultimate sternite simple, rounded posteriorly. Both branches of forceps of Kleter-type, simple, straight, tapering. - Male unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 16 mm. Distribution: Costa Rica. 4. Kleter aterrimus (Bormans) 1883 Ancistrogaster aterrima BORMANS, Annls Soc. ent. Belg., 27: 83. - Terra typica: Ecuador (Type male: Naturhist. Mus., Wien). 1907 Sarakas aterrimus - BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. Lond., 1907: 106. 1911 Kleter aterrimus - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 90; pi. 9, fig. 23 (tegmina), 23 a (male penultimate sternite) (Amazonas). Literature: BORMANS & KRAUSS, 1900; BRINDLE, 1969; CAUDELL, 1 9 0 7 ; HEBARD, 1 9 1 7 ; MENOZZI, 1 9 3 2 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 ; REICHARDT, 1 9 7 1 ; SAKAI, 1973, 1 9 8 2 .

Description: Male general colour dark brownish-brown, sometimes blackish; antennae dark brown, forceps sometimes dark, reddish black. Head large, frons tumid, vertex depressed near postfrontal sutures; coronal suture distinct; posterior angles of head weak, posterior last margin more or less straight. Eyes large, about as long as the length of head behind eyes or a little shorter. First antennal joint very long, essentially longer than the distance between antennal bases, narrowed basally; second quadrate, third shorter than fourth, the rest of the joints elongate, cylindrical. Pronotum longer than wide, lateral margins more or less straight and faintly narrowed posteriorly; posterior angles and margin broadly rounded; median longitudinal furrow present. Tegmina and wings fully developed. Abdomen comparatively short and depressed; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct; tergites 5 - 7 with sharp oblique ridges laterally. Ultimate tergite transverse, somewhat depressed medially near posterior margin. Pygidium hidden. Penultimate sternite (Fig. 361) rounded posteriorly. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 360) arcuate, somewhat depressed basally, elliptical in crosssection medially, and apically. Branches with finger-shaped dorsal tooth medially, and inner margins with a large, triangular tooth apically. Genitalia (Fig. 362 gen.prep. No. 945, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) very broad; central parameral plate short, virga within genital lobe very short, external parameres conspicuous, expanded medially, tips obtuse. - Female similar to male, but abdominal tergites 5 - 7 without oblique ridges laterally, and forceps simple, tapering, contiguous. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 16-19 mm. Distribution: Central and South America.

228

Fig. 360 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Kleter

Fig. 361 Male penultimate sternite of Kleter aterrimus

Fig. 362 Male genital armature of Kleter aterrimus

aterrimus

(BORMANS). A f t e r BURR.

(BORMANS). Original.

(BORMANS).

Original.

5.

Kleter amazonensis

(BORMANS)

1899 Opisthocosmia amazonensis BORMANS, in BURR, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (7) 3:164. - Terra typica: Brazil (Type male: BORMANS'S Collection). 1907 Kleter amazonensis - BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. Lond., 1907: 104. 1911 Opisthocosmia amazonensis - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 90 [proposed synonymy with aterrimus (BORMANS, 1 8 8 3 ) ] . 1969 Kleter amazonensis - BRINDLE, Entomologist's month. Mag., 105: 112 (rev.nov.). Literature: BORMANS & KRAUSS, 1 9 0 0 ; BURR, 1 9 0 4 ; REICHARDT, 1 9 7 1 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 .

Description: Male general colour very dark brownish-black, antennae and legs dark brown, abdominal tergites and forceps dark reddish-brown. Head broad, tumid, occiput depressed; postfrontal and coronal sutures distinct, sometimes deeply marked. Posterior margin of head more or less straight or concave. Eyes large, about as long as the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint long, slightly longer than the distance between antennal bases; second transverse, third shorter than fourth. Pronotum longer than wide, lateral margins faintly narrowed posteriorly, posterior margin with posterior angles broadly rounded. Tegmina and wings fully developed. Abdomen fusiform, widened medially; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct, tergites 5 - 7 with sharp oblique ridges laterally. Ultimate tergite transverse, typical, posterior margin trisinuate. Penultimate sternite broadly rounded posteriorly. Both branches of forceps very similar to aterrimus (BORMANS), but almost straight, contiguous, with only very small dorsal tooth. Genitalia unknown. - Female similar to male, but abdominal tergites 5 - 7 without oblique ridges laterally, and forceps straight, simple, without teeth. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 15-18 mm. Distribution: Brazil.

229

Fig. 363 Male ultimate tergite with forceps oi Kleter americanus (BORMANS). Original.

Fig. 364 Posterior margin of male penultimate sternite of Kleter americanus (BORMANS). Original.

Fig. 365 Male genital armature of Kleter americanus (BORMANS). Original.

6. Kleter americanus (BORMANS) 1893 Opisthocosmia americanus BORMANS, Biol. Centr.-Amer. Orth.: 8; pi. 1, fig. 23 (male in dorsal view). - Terra typica: Mexico (Type female: unknown locality). 1910 Dinex americanus - BURR, Proc. U.S. natn. Mus., 38: 181. 1917 Dinex americanus - HEBARD, Trans. Am. ent. Soc., 43: 331 (Panama). 1969 Kleter americanus - BRINDLE, Entomologist's month. Mag., 105: 113 (Mexico, and Central America). Literature: BORMANS & KRAUSS, 1 9 0 0 ; BURR, 1 9 0 7 ; CAUDELL, 1 9 0 7 ; MENOZZI, 1 9 3 2 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 ; REICHARDT, 1 9 7 1 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 .

Description: Male general colour dark brownish-black, lateral margins of pronotum yellowish, tips of wings with yellow spot at humeral margins. Head large, frons tumid, vertex depressed; postfrontal and coronal sutures well marked; posterior margin concave in the middle. Eyes large, but a little shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint very long, slightly longer than the distance between antennal bases; second quadrate, the rest of the joints elongate and slender. Pronotum longer than wide, lateral margins faintly convex, posterior margin broadly rounded; prozona tumid, metazona deplanate. Tegmina and wings fully developed. Abdomen elongate, somewhat depressed, and widened medially; tergites 5 - 7 with smaller oblique ridges laterally. Ultimate tergite transverse, median portion with an oval depression near posterior margin. Penultimate sternite broad, simple (Fig. 364), rounded posteriorly. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 363) somewhat depressed, arcuate on basal half, and straighter on apical half; branches with sharp dorsal tooth. Genitalia (Fig. 365, gen.prep. No. 946, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) very broad, similar to aterrimus

230 (BORMANS); virga within genital lobe short with strongly sclerotized sections medially and basally; external parameres normally developed, obtuse. - Female similar to male, but abdominal tergites 5 - 7 simple, and forceps straight, contiguous, tapering. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 15-18 mm. Distribution: Mexico, Guatemala, Panama, Venezuela, Colombia, Surinam, Brazil, and Peru.

7. Kleter borellii

(BURR)

1912 Sarakas borellii BURR (nec Meisiozzi, 1929), Annl. naturh. Mus., Wien, 26:105.-Terra typica: Peru (Type male: Naturhist. Mus., Wien). 1969 Kleter borellii - BRINDLE, Entomologist's month. Mag., 105: 113. 1971 Dinex borellii - REICHARDT, Pap. Avulsos zool. S. Paulo, 24 (12): 179. 1973 Kleter borellii - SAKAI; Dermapterorum Cat. Prael., Tokyo, 7: 25. Literature: BOESEMAN, 1954; SAKAI, 1982.

Description: Male general colour dar, brownish-black; antennae and legs dark brown, forceps reddish-brown, and lateral margins of pronotum yellowish. Head tumid; postfrontal and coronal sutures present; posterior margin concave in the middle. Eyes prominent, but shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint very long, essentially longer than the distance between antennal bases; second quadrate, the rest elongate and cylindrical. Pronotum longer than wide; lateral margins convex, posterior angles visible, posterior margin rounded. Tegmina and wings fully developed, lateral longitudinal keels of tegmina undeveloped. Abdomen normally developed, somewhat depressed, and widened medially; lateral glandular folds on third and fourth tergites distinct; tergites 5 - 7 with unexpressed oblique ridges laterally. Ultimate tergite transverse, simple. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 366) elongate, somewhat flattened basally,

Fig. 366 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Kleter borellii (BURR). Original.

Fig. 367 Male genital armature of Kleter borellii (BURR). Original.

231 elliptical in cross-section medially and cylindrical apically. Dorsal tooth prominent, visible at apical portion of the branch. Genitalia (Fig. 367) simple; central parameral plate short, virga within genital lobe very short, and associated with a sclerotized plate basally; external parameres comparativly small. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 14-16 mm. Distribution: Peru, and Surinam. 8.

Kleter perplexus

(KIRBY)

1891 Sphingolabisperplexus KIRBY, J. Linn. Soc. L o n d o n , Zool., 23: 529. - Terra typica: Brazil (Type male: Brit. M u s . nat. Hist., London). 1900 Ancistrogaster perplexa - BORMANS & KRAUSS, D a s Tierreich, Berlin, 11: 93. 1911 Sarakas perplexus - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 86. 1969 Kleter perplexus - BRINDLE, Entomologist's m o n t h . Mag., 105: 113. Literature: KIRBY, 1904; MOREIRA, 1930; REICHARDT, 1971; SAKAI, 1973, 1982.

Description: Male general colour dark brown, shiny; antennae and forceps light brown, antennal joint 9 with a wide yellow band medially. Head normally developed, frons tumid, vertex somewhat depressed; postfrontal and coronal sutures distinct; posterior margin of head concave in the middle. Eyes typical for the genus, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae 12-jointed; first elongate, slightly longer than the distance between antennal bases. Pronotum longer than wide, lateral margins more or less parallel and straight, posterior angles and margin rounded; prozona tumid, metazona deplanate; median longitudinal furrow present. Tegmina and wings fully developed, wings yellowish basally. Abdomen fusiform, somewhat depressed; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct; tergites 6 - 7 with smaller and undeveloped oblique ridges laterally. Ultimate tergite simple, transverse. Both branches of forceps compressed laterally with strong triangular tooth on inner margin apically. - Female very similar to male, but abdominal tergites 6 bitergite simple, transverse. Both branches of forceps compressed laterally with strong triangular tooth on inner margin apically. - Female very similar to male, but abdominal tergites 6 - 7 without oblique ridges laterally, and forceps simple, straight, and comparatively short. - Length of body with forceps: male: 9 - 1 2 mm, female: 8 - 1 0 mm. Distribution: Brazil. 9.

Kleter devians

(DOHRN)

1865 Opisthocosmia devians DOHRN, Stettiner ent. Ztg. 26: 79. - Terra typica: Brazil (Type male: Naturhist. Mus., Wien). 1876 Forficula variicornis SCUDDER (nec SMITH, 1876), Proc. Boston Soc. nat. Hist., 18: 255. - Terra typica: Brazil (Type male: u n k n o w n locality). 1891 Sphingolabis meridionalis KIRBY, J. Linn. Soc. L o n d o n , Zool., 23: 529. - Terra typica: Brazil (Type male: Brit. Mus. nat. Hist., L o n d o n ) . 1900 Ancistrogaster devians - BORMANS & KRAUSS, D a s Tierreich, Berlin, 11: 93. 1900 Forficula devians - BORMANS & KRAUSS, D a s Tierreich, Berlin, 11: 93 [as synonym of devians (DOHRN, 1865)].

232 1900 Apterygida meridionalis - BORMANS & KRAUSS, Das Tierreich, Berlin, 11: 116. 1911 Sarakas devians - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 86. 1930 Apterygida meridionalis - MOREIRA, Bol. Inst. biol. Def. agr., Rio de Janeiro, 7: 25 [incorrect synonymy with Doru lineare (ESCHSCHOLTZ, 1822)]. 1969 Kleter devians - BRINDLE, Entomologist's month. Mag., 105: 113. 1969 Sphingolabis meridionalis - BRINDLE, Entomologist's month. Mag., 105: 113 [proposed synonymy with devians (DOHRN, 1865)]. 1969 Forfícula variicornis - BRINDLE, Entomologist's month. Mag., 105:113 [as synonym of devians (DOHRN, 1865)]. L i t e r a t u r e : BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 ; KIRBY, 1 9 0 4 ; REICHARDT, 1 9 7 1 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 .

Description: Male general colour dark brownish-black to blackish; lateral margins of pronotum testaceous, antennal joint 8, and sometimes the extremity of joint 7, white; forceps dark reddish. Head broad, tumid, vertex somewhat depressed near posterior margins; coronal suture distinct. Eyes normally developed, slightly shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae 9-jointed (after KIRBY); first joint elongate, about as long as the distance between antennal bases, or sometimes a little longer; second quadrate, the rest of the joints long and cylindrical. Pronotum longer than wide, lateral margins faintly concave; posterior angles and margin rounded; median longitudinal furrow present. Tegmina and wings well developed. Abdomen fusiform, somewhat depressed, and widened medially; lateral glandular fold on tergite 3 smaller, on tergite four larger; tergites 6 - 8 with smaller oblique ridges laterally. Ultimate tergite simple, transverse, posterior margin trisinuate. Both branches of forceps elongate, with a strong rectangular tooth beyond the middle. Genitalia unknown to me. - Female similar to male, but antennae 13-jointed (after KIRBY), darker at base. Forceps shaped as in the male, minutely denticulated on the inner margin, but without larger tooth. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 15-16 mm. Distribution: Brazil. Doubtful position ? Kleter nigripennis

(SCUDDER)

1869 Spongophora nigripennis SCUDDER, Proc. Boston Soc. nat. Hist., 12: 344. - Terra typica: Ecuador (Type male: unknown locality). 1900 Spongiphora nigripennis - BORMANS & KRAUSS, Das Tierreich, Berlin, 11: 58 (Peru). 1911 Spongophora nigripennis - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 52 (as synonym of Vostox confusus

(BORELLI, 1 9 0 5 ) ) .

1924 Sarakas nigripennis - HEBARD, Proc. Acad. nat. Sci. Philad., 76: 117. 1982 Kleter nigripennis - SAKAI, Bull. Daito Bunka Univ., Tokyo, 20: 49.

Genus 17: Afrocosmia

HINCKS

1960 Afrocosmia HINCKS, Proc. R. ent. Soc. Lond., (B) 29: 158. - Species typica: Afrocosmia denticulata HINCKS, 1860 (in subfamily Opisthocosmiinae). 1973 Afrocosmia - BRINDLE, The Dermaptera of Africa, 1: 286 (revision, and key to species).

232 1900 Apterygida meridionalis - BORMANS & KRAUSS, Das Tierreich, Berlin, 11: 116. 1911 Sarakas devians - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 86. 1930 Apterygida meridionalis - MOREIRA, Bol. Inst. biol. Def. agr., Rio de Janeiro, 7: 25 [incorrect synonymy with Doru lineare (ESCHSCHOLTZ, 1822)]. 1969 Kleter devians - BRINDLE, Entomologist's month. Mag., 105: 113. 1969 Sphingolabis meridionalis - BRINDLE, Entomologist's month. Mag., 105: 113 [proposed synonymy with devians (DOHRN, 1865)]. 1969 Forfícula variicornis - BRINDLE, Entomologist's month. Mag., 105:113 [as synonym of devians (DOHRN, 1865)]. L i t e r a t u r e : BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 ; KIRBY, 1 9 0 4 ; REICHARDT, 1 9 7 1 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 .

Description: Male general colour dark brownish-black to blackish; lateral margins of pronotum testaceous, antennal joint 8, and sometimes the extremity of joint 7, white; forceps dark reddish. Head broad, tumid, vertex somewhat depressed near posterior margins; coronal suture distinct. Eyes normally developed, slightly shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae 9-jointed (after KIRBY); first joint elongate, about as long as the distance between antennal bases, or sometimes a little longer; second quadrate, the rest of the joints long and cylindrical. Pronotum longer than wide, lateral margins faintly concave; posterior angles and margin rounded; median longitudinal furrow present. Tegmina and wings well developed. Abdomen fusiform, somewhat depressed, and widened medially; lateral glandular fold on tergite 3 smaller, on tergite four larger; tergites 6 - 8 with smaller oblique ridges laterally. Ultimate tergite simple, transverse, posterior margin trisinuate. Both branches of forceps elongate, with a strong rectangular tooth beyond the middle. Genitalia unknown to me. - Female similar to male, but antennae 13-jointed (after KIRBY), darker at base. Forceps shaped as in the male, minutely denticulated on the inner margin, but without larger tooth. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 15-16 mm. Distribution: Brazil. Doubtful position ? Kleter nigripennis

(SCUDDER)

1869 Spongophora nigripennis SCUDDER, Proc. Boston Soc. nat. Hist., 12: 344. - Terra typica: Ecuador (Type male: unknown locality). 1900 Spongiphora nigripennis - BORMANS & KRAUSS, Das Tierreich, Berlin, 11: 58 (Peru). 1911 Spongophora nigripennis - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 52 (as synonym of Vostox confusus

(BORELLI, 1 9 0 5 ) ) .

1924 Sarakas nigripennis - HEBARD, Proc. Acad. nat. Sci. Philad., 76: 117. 1982 Kleter nigripennis - SAKAI, Bull. Daito Bunka Univ., Tokyo, 20: 49.

Genus 17: Afrocosmia

HINCKS

1960 Afrocosmia HINCKS, Proc. R. ent. Soc. Lond., (B) 29: 158. - Species typica: Afrocosmia denticulata HINCKS, 1860 (in subfamily Opisthocosmiinae). 1973 Afrocosmia - BRINDLE, The Dermaptera of Africa, 1: 286 (revision, and key to species).

233 1975 Afrocosmia - STEINMANN, Acta zool. hung., 21: 217 (transferrence to subfamily Cosmiellinae). Literature: BRINDLE, 1 9 7 0 ; POPHAM, 1965; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1968; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 .

Description: Head tumid, transverse, postfrontal and coronal sutures not visible. Eyes comparatively large. First antennal joint slightly longer than the distance between antennal bases, and not greatly widening distally. Pronotum relatively small. Tegmina and wings fully developed, and tegmina with lateral longitudinal keels. Legs long and slender, femora not strongly widened. Abdomen fusiform, strongly narrowed to base and to apex. Forceps of both sexes cylindrical, those of male well separated at base, those of female more contiguous and almost straight. Distribution: Madagascar and Africa. 3 species. Identification key to the species Both branches of male forceps with smaller inner teeth basally and medially (Fig. 368). Malagasy species 1. Afrocosmia brunnea, p. 233 1' Both branches of male forceps with larger dorsal teeth medially (Figs 370 and 371) 2 2 Posterior margin of pronotum strongly convex; basal antennal joints longer and more cylindrical; both branches of male forceps (Fig. 370) with one inner tooth towards apex, and with smaller teeth medially 2. Afrocosmia denticulata, p. 234 2' Posterior margin of pronotum weakly convex; basal antennal joints shorter, more narrowed towards bases; both branches of male forceps (Fig. 371) with one inner tooth towards apex and with no smaller teeth medially 3. Afrocosmia rhodesiensis, p. 235 1

1.

Afrocosmia brunnea

(BRINDLE)

1966 Emboros brunneus BRINDLE, Trans. R. ent. Soc. London, 118: 255; fig. 63 (genitalia of holotype), 67 (male in dorsal view). - Terra typica: Madagascar (Type male: Mus. nation. Hist, nat., Paris). 1989 Afrocosmia brunnea - STEINMANN, World Catalogue of Dermaptera, Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, p. 666. Literature: BRINDLE, 1 9 6 9 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 .

Description: Male generally dark brown, pronotum darker, legs lighter, wings and forceps faintly reddish-brown. Head broad, irons tumid, vertex a little depressed; postfrontal and coronal sutures distinct; posterior margin more or less straight. Eyes prominent, large, but a little shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae brown, except fore distal half on eight and all ninth joint, white; first joint very long, essentially longer than distance between antennal bases. Pronotum quadrate, shiny and smooth; lateral margins faintly convex; posterior margin more or less straight or a little convex; median longitudinal furrow indistinct. Tegmina and wings fully developed. Abdomen long, coriaceous, shiny, surface striate; lateral glandular fold on tergites 3 - 4 distinct. Ultimate tergite transverse, narrowed posteriorly, swollen over bases of forceps with median depression on posterior margin. Pygidium hidden. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 368) remote at base, slender, with ventral tooth towards apex.

234 Genitalia (Fig. 369) well developed; central parameral plate comparatively large, virga within genital lobe of medium size, with smaller but well-sclerotized sag basally; external parameres typical, obtuse. - Female similar to male, but ultimate tergite narrower; forceps slenderer and without ventral tooth; straight basally, curved apically. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 9 - 1 2 mm. Distribution: Madagascar.

Fig. 368 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Afrocosmia brunnea (BRINDLE). After

Fig. 369 Holotype genital armature of Afrocosmia brunnea (BRINDLE). After

BRINDLE.

BRINDLE.

2. Afrocosmia denticulata

HINCKS

1960 Afrocosmia denticulata HINCKS, Proc. R. ent. Soc. London, (B) 29: 159; fig. 4 (pronotum), 5 (male ultimate tergite with forceps). - Terra typica: Mozambique (Type male: Brit. Mus. nat. Hist., London). Literature: POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 ; BRINDLE, 1973; SAKAI, 1973, 1 9 8 2 .

Description: Male slightly variable in colour; reddish-brown or darker; antennae brown, basal joints yellow; pronotum blackish, yellow laterally; tegmina reddish-brown or darker; legs yellow (light form) or dark brown with only tarsi yellow (dark form), one or more distal antennal joints pale. Head transverse, with two elliptical depressions between the antennal bases; postfrontal and coronal sutures distinct. Eyes large, slightly longer than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint long, a little longer than the distance between antennal bases. Pronotum small, narrower than head, lateral margins curved and posterior margin strongly convex. Tegmina and wings fully developed, wings yellow on extreme sutural apices. Femora slightly widened, long; tibiae nearly as long as anterior pair, but two-thirds of length of tibiae in

235 posterior pair. Cuticle of body coriaceous and impunctate, except for sides of tergites 7 - 9 , which are rather rugose on posterior half. Ultimate tergite very transverse. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 370) cylindrical, wider at base, curved outwards from base, then curved medially, ventral inner edge dentated, and with a few isolated small dorso-median teeth; towards the apex is a larger ventral tooth. - Female similar to male, but forceps with branches cylindrical, slender, narrowing gradually and evenly from base to apex, inner margins scarcely dentated. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 12-14,5 mm. Distribution: Mozambique, and Tanzania.

Fig. 370 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Afrocosmia denticulata H I N C K S . After H I N C K S .

3. Afrocosmia rhodesiensis

BRINDLE

1973 Afrocosmia rhodesiensis BRINDLE, The Dermaptera of Africa, 1: 288; fig. 389 (male in dorsal view), 390 (antenna), 391 (female forceps). - Terra typica: South Rhodesia (Type male: Mus. r. Afr. centr., Tervuren). Literature: SAKAI, 1982.

Description: Male dark yellowish-brown to blackish-brown; antennae dark brown, basal joints yellow, and one or more distal joints pale; pronotum blackish, lateral margins yellow, legs yellowish-brown, distal third of femora and basal two-thirds of tibiae darkened; extreme sutural apex of each wings yellow. Cuticle coriaceous and impuncatate, except for sides of some abdominal tergites. Head transverse, tumid, with two small elliptical depressions between the antennal bases. Eyes large, about as long as the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint rather longer than the distance between antennal bases, basal joints shorter and broader, narrowing towards bases, distal joints more elongated and less narrow towards bases. Pronotum small, narrower than head, lateral margins rounded, posterior margin weakly convex. Tegmina comparatively short, each tegmen with a well-marked lateral longitudinal keel; wings long. Abdomen fusiform, tergites coriaceous and impunctate except laterally on

236 tergites 8 - 9 , which are slightly rugose on posterior half. Ultimate tergite transverse, posterior margin depressed between the bases of the branches of the forcepo, and produced and raised above each base. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 371) cylindrical, wider at base, curved outwards for nearly basal half, then curved medially, with small teeth on ventral inner edge for basal half, dorsal inner edge with 2 - 3 isolated small teeth beyond midpoint. - Female similar to male, but ultimate tergite narrowed distally, raised over the base of each branch of the forceps, both branches (Fig. 372) cylindrical, wider at base, narrowed distally, apex curved medially, branches contiguous. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 10-13 mm. Distribution: Zimbabwe.

Fig. 371 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Afrocosmia rhodesiensis BRINDLE. After

Fig. 372 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Afrocosmia rhodesiensis BRINDLE. After

BRINDLE.

BRINDLE.

Genus

18:

Lipodes

BURR

1907 Lipodes BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. London, 1907:100. - Species typica: Opisthocosmia vivax BURR, 1905 (for subfamily Opisthocosmiinae). 1911 Lipodes - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 74 (in doubtful position). 1967 Lipodes - KAPOOR, Agra Univ. J. Res. (Sci.), 16 (1): 29 (in subfamily Anechurinae). 1982 Lipodes - SAKAI, Bull. Daito Bunka Univ., 20: 54 (in subfamily Allodahlinae). 1989 Lipodes - STEINMANN, World Catalogue of Dermaptera, Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, p. 683 (transferred to subfamily Cosmiellinae). L i t e r a t u r e : BURR, 1 9 1 0 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 ; TOWNES, 1 9 4 5 .

Description: Build robust; head broad, frons deeply impressed. Pronotum ample, as wide as head, sides gently converging posteriorly, last margin rounded. Prosternum short, broad, hardly longer than wide; mesosternum broad, rounded, and metasternum transverse, its at widest point greater than its length.

236 tergites 8 - 9 , which are slightly rugose on posterior half. Ultimate tergite transverse, posterior margin depressed between the bases of the branches of the forcepo, and produced and raised above each base. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 371) cylindrical, wider at base, curved outwards for nearly basal half, then curved medially, with small teeth on ventral inner edge for basal half, dorsal inner edge with 2 - 3 isolated small teeth beyond midpoint. - Female similar to male, but ultimate tergite narrowed distally, raised over the base of each branch of the forceps, both branches (Fig. 372) cylindrical, wider at base, narrowed distally, apex curved medially, branches contiguous. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 10-13 mm. Distribution: Zimbabwe.

Fig. 371 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Afrocosmia rhodesiensis BRINDLE. After

Fig. 372 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Afrocosmia rhodesiensis BRINDLE. After

BRINDLE.

BRINDLE.

Genus

18:

Lipodes

BURR

1907 Lipodes BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. London, 1907:100. - Species typica: Opisthocosmia vivax BURR, 1905 (for subfamily Opisthocosmiinae). 1911 Lipodes - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 74 (in doubtful position). 1967 Lipodes - KAPOOR, Agra Univ. J. Res. (Sci.), 16 (1): 29 (in subfamily Anechurinae). 1982 Lipodes - SAKAI, Bull. Daito Bunka Univ., 20: 54 (in subfamily Allodahlinae). 1989 Lipodes - STEINMANN, World Catalogue of Dermaptera, Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, p. 683 (transferred to subfamily Cosmiellinae). L i t e r a t u r e : BURR, 1 9 1 0 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 ; TOWNES, 1 9 4 5 .

Description: Build robust; head broad, frons deeply impressed. Pronotum ample, as wide as head, sides gently converging posteriorly, last margin rounded. Prosternum short, broad, hardly longer than wide; mesosternum broad, rounded, and metasternum transverse, its at widest point greater than its length.

237 Tegmina ample, granulose, with a lateral longitudinal keel. Abdomen broad, depressed, smooth, wider about the middle: lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct. Pygidium prominent. Forceps elongate, remote at base, cylindrical. Distribution: Oriental region. 2 species. Identification key to the species Bornean species. Smaller, body length without forceps 7,5-12 mm. Male pygidium specific, with two finger-like projections apically 1. Lipodes filiformes, p. 237 V Indian species. Larger, body length without forceps 2 7 - 2 8 mm. Pygidium parallel-sided, prominent, with a deep triangular incision at the apex 2. Lipodes vivax, p. 238 1

1.

Lipodes filiformes

BORELLI

1932 Lipodes filiformes BORELLI, J. Fed. Malay St. Mus., 1 7 (1): 197; fig. 6 (head and pronotum), 7 (male abdominal end with forceps), 8 (female abdominal end with forceps). - Terra typica: Borneo (Type male: Sarawak Museum). Literature: S A K A I , 1973, 1982; SRIVASTAVA, 1976.

Description: Male general colour dark brownish-breck to dark reddish-brown. Head broad, rounded; postfrontal and coronal sutures distinct; frons depressed medially and the portion between antennal bases with two prominent depressions. Eyes well developed, but a little shorter than the length of head behind

Fig. 373 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Lipodes filiformes BORELLI. After BORELLI.

Fig. 374 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Lipodes filiformes BORELLI. After BORELLI.

238 eyes. Antennae 12-jointed; first joint long and narrow, about as long as distance between antennal bases. Pronotum more or less as long as wide; lateral margins faintly narrowed posteriorly, straight; posterior angles rounded, posterior margin straight. Tegmina and wings well developed; lateral longitudinal keel of tegmina well marked. Abdomen fusiform, somewhat widened medially and depressed; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct. Ultimate tergite simple, smooth; pygidium prominent, posterior ventral part with two finger-like spines. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 373) very long, cylindrical in cross-section, inner margins with some small tubercles basally, and with a small, single tooth medially. - Female very similar to male, but forceps (Fig. 374) straight, inner margins without teeth. - Length of body with forceps: male: 19-20 mm, female: 18-19 mm. Distribution: Borneo. 2.

Lipodes vivax

(BURR)

1905 Opisthocosmia vivax BURR, Jl. Proc. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 1 (2): 30. - Terra typica: India (Type unknown). 1907 Lipodes vivax - BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. London, 1907: 101. Literature: BURR, 1 9 1 0 , 1911; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 .

Description: Sex of holotype unknown. Body large and robust; general colour tawny brown. Head broad, postfrontal and coronal sutures deep, dividing the head into three wide, markedly tumid, portions; the frons deeply impressed. Antennae missing. Pronotum ample, as wide as the head, sides gently converging posteriorly, posterior margin rounded. Tegmina ample, granulose, with wellmarked lateral longitudinal keel. Legs missing in holotype (after B U R R , 1910). Abdomen broad, depressed, smooth, widest about the middle, lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 very distinct. Ultimate tergite narrower then the body, transverse, rectangular. Pygidium prominent, parallel-sided, with a deep triangular incision at the apex, the lobes pointed. Forceps remote at base, punctulate, cylindrical, elongate, gently sinuate; inner margin denticulate, incurved at the apex. - Length of body with forceps: 27-28 mm. Distribution: India. Genus 19: Cosmiola

BEY-BIENKO

1959 Cosmiola BEY-BIENKO, Ent. Obozr., 38: 624. - Species typica: Cosmiola simplex BEY-BIENKO, 1959 (for subfamily Opisthocosmiinae). 1975 Cosmiola - STEINMANN, Acta zool. hung., 21: 217 (transferrence to subfamily Cosmiellinae). Literature: BEY-BIENKO, 1 9 6 8 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 .

Description: Head broad, frons normally developed, vertex with a well-marked transversal depression medially. Antennae with very slender joints; first joint about as long as the distance between antennal bases. Tegmina fully developed, with lateral longitudinal keel; wings normal. First tarsal joint about one and half

238 eyes. Antennae 12-jointed; first joint long and narrow, about as long as distance between antennal bases. Pronotum more or less as long as wide; lateral margins faintly narrowed posteriorly, straight; posterior angles rounded, posterior margin straight. Tegmina and wings well developed; lateral longitudinal keel of tegmina well marked. Abdomen fusiform, somewhat widened medially and depressed; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct. Ultimate tergite simple, smooth; pygidium prominent, posterior ventral part with two finger-like spines. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 373) very long, cylindrical in cross-section, inner margins with some small tubercles basally, and with a small, single tooth medially. - Female very similar to male, but forceps (Fig. 374) straight, inner margins without teeth. - Length of body with forceps: male: 19-20 mm, female: 18-19 mm. Distribution: Borneo. 2.

Lipodes vivax

(BURR)

1905 Opisthocosmia vivax BURR, Jl. Proc. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 1 (2): 30. - Terra typica: India (Type unknown). 1907 Lipodes vivax - BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. London, 1907: 101. Literature: BURR, 1 9 1 0 , 1911; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 .

Description: Sex of holotype unknown. Body large and robust; general colour tawny brown. Head broad, postfrontal and coronal sutures deep, dividing the head into three wide, markedly tumid, portions; the frons deeply impressed. Antennae missing. Pronotum ample, as wide as the head, sides gently converging posteriorly, posterior margin rounded. Tegmina ample, granulose, with wellmarked lateral longitudinal keel. Legs missing in holotype (after B U R R , 1910). Abdomen broad, depressed, smooth, widest about the middle, lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 very distinct. Ultimate tergite narrower then the body, transverse, rectangular. Pygidium prominent, parallel-sided, with a deep triangular incision at the apex, the lobes pointed. Forceps remote at base, punctulate, cylindrical, elongate, gently sinuate; inner margin denticulate, incurved at the apex. - Length of body with forceps: 27-28 mm. Distribution: India. Genus 19: Cosmiola

BEY-BIENKO

1959 Cosmiola BEY-BIENKO, Ent. Obozr., 38: 624. - Species typica: Cosmiola simplex BEY-BIENKO, 1959 (for subfamily Opisthocosmiinae). 1975 Cosmiola - STEINMANN, Acta zool. hung., 21: 217 (transferrence to subfamily Cosmiellinae). Literature: BEY-BIENKO, 1 9 6 8 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 .

Description: Head broad, frons normally developed, vertex with a well-marked transversal depression medially. Antennae with very slender joints; first joint about as long as the distance between antennal bases. Tegmina fully developed, with lateral longitudinal keel; wings normal. First tarsal joint about one and half

239 times as long as the third joint. Abdomen narrowed anteriorly and posteriorly, somewhat depressed medially. Male forceps normally developed, simple. Distribution: China. Single species. 1. Cosmiola simplex

BEY-BIENKO

1959 Cosmiola simplex BEY-BIENKO, Ent. Oboz., 38: 624; fig. 39 (male ultimate tergite with forceps). - Terra typica: China: Yunnan (Type male: Zool. Inst. Mus. Acad. Sci. URSS, Leningrad). L i t e r a t u r e : BEY-BIENKO, 1 9 6 8 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 .

Description: Male general colour dark brownish-black; head reddish-brown. Head large, broad, frons tumid, vertex depressed; postfrontal and coronal sutures well marked; posterior margin rounded. Eyes normally developed, about as long as the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint long, about as long as distance between antennal bases. Pronotum quadrate, lateral margins more or less straight, but with posterior angles and margin broadly rounded; median longitudinal furrow distinct. Tegmina fully developed, shiny, wings elongate, dark brown with yellowish apex on humeral margin. Abdomen simple, somewhat widened medially; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct. Ultimate tergite transverse, with two lateral tuberles near posterior margin. Pygidium hidden. Penultimate sternite simple, broadly rounded posteriorly. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 375) simple, more or less cylindrical in crosssection medially and basally; inner margins without teeth. Genitalia (Fig. 376, gen.prep. No. 151, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN from New Guinea) characteristic;

Fig. 375 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Cosmiola simplex BEY-BIENKO. After BEYBIENKO.

Fig. 376 Male genital armature of Cosmiola simplex BEY-BIENKO. Original.

240 central parameral plate simple, lateral margins undulate, virga within genital lobe comparatively short, with characteristic sclerotized plate basally; external parameres conspicuous, broadly rounded apically. - Female similar to male, but forceps straight, contiguous, simple. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 16-17 mm. Distribution: China: Yunnan, and New Guinea. Subfamily

3:

Opisthocosmiinae

VERHOEFF

1902 Opisthocosmiinae VERHOEFF, Zool. Anz., Leipzig, 25 (665): 195. - Genus typicum: Opisthocosmia DOHRN, 1 8 6 5 .

1907 1911 1915 1916

Opisthocosmiinae - BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. Lond., 1907: 98 (key to genera). Opisthocosmiinae - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 88 (key to genera). Opisthocosmiidae ZACHER, Zool. Anz., Leipzig, 45: 528 (in superfamily Forficules). Opisthocosmiinae - BURR, Jl. R. microsc. Soc., 1916: 15. 1 9 5 4 Opisthocosmiidae - BRUES, MELANDER & CARPENTER, Classification of Insects, Cambridge (Mass.): 116. 1957 Opisthocosmiinae - HINCKS, South African Animal Life, 4: 89. 1988 Opisthocosmiinae - STEINMANN, Acta zool. hung., 34: 303 (key to New Guinea geneva). 1989 Opisthocosmiinae - STEINMANN, World Catalogue of Dermaptera, Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, p. 690. Literature: BEY-BIENKO, 1936; BOESEMAN, 1954; BRINDLE, 1966, 1968, 1971, 1973; BURR, 1909, 1910; GANGOLA, 1965; HINCKS, 1947; GÜNTHER, 1929; POPHAM, RAMAMURTHI, 1 9 6 0 ; REHN, 1922, 1924; REICHARDT, 1971; SAKAI, 1973, 1982; ZACHER, 1911.

Description: Hind wings wanting. Tegmina rudimentary, and represented by lateral flaps or abbreviated, or well developed. Lateral margins without longitudinal ridges. Antennae with long or very long joints, first joint about as long as the distance between antennal bases or longer; scape depressed, bicarinate, gibbous and strongly narrowed basally or normally developed, cylindrical in cross-section. Abdomen elongate, generally widened medially; ultimate tergite of male transverse trapezoid, rather depressed or sloping. Male forceps remote, slender, variously armed. Distribution: Tropical Asia, Africa and America. 17 genera. Identification key to the genera 1 1' 2 2' 3 3' 4

First as well as second tarsal joint strongly dilated Genus 20: Cipex, p. 241 Only second tarsal joint dilated 2 Totally apterous insect or tegmina rudimentary, and represented by lateral flap 3 Tegmina abbreviated or perfect 4 Totally apterous Genus 21: Sondax, p. 244 Tegmina rudimentary, represented by lateral flaps Genus 22: Parasondax, p. 246 Tegmina abbreviated, posterior margins obliquely or transversaly truncate, wings absent (sometimes concealed) 5 4' Tegmina perfect, well or fully developed 6 5 Male ultimate tergite armed with a median, vertical and pointed spine; posterior margins of tegmina transversely truncate Genus 23: Parasyntonus, p. 248 5' Male ultimate tergite without median, vertical and pointed spine; posterior margins of tegmina generally obliquely truncate Genus 24: Syntonus, p. 249

241 6 First anntenal joint strongly depressed, bicarinate Genus 25: Eutimomena, p. 256 6' First antennal joint not depressed, gibbous or cylindrical 7 7 Ultimate tergite of male transverse trapezoid, rather depressed, not strongly sloping: male forceps widely separated at base 8 7' Ultimate tergite of male narrowing and sloping to about half abdominal width; forceps subcontiguous 14 8 Pronotum considerably longer than wide, and broadly rounded posteriorly Genus 26: Opisthocosmia, p. 259 8' Pronotum transverse or subquadrate, more or less as long as wide, sometimes faintly longer than wide 9 9 Male forceps strongly depressed basally, inner basal margin conspicuously serrated with a specific, sharp tooth, which in directed inwards; ultimate tergite with a postero-lateral spine Genus 27: Neoopisthocosmia, p. 266 9' Male forceps without sharp inward-directed basal tooth on inner margins; branches generally elliptical, sometimes a little depressed basally and cylindrical in cross-section apically . . . 10 10 Pronotum transverse; first antennal joint not very long, third barely half as long as the first, fourth shorter than third, the rest somewhat longer, all cylindrical and rather thick Genus 28: Pareparchus, p. 267 10' Pronotum subquadrate, more or less as long as wide, narrowed or parallel anteriorly; first antennal joint very long 11 11 Pronotum conspicuously narrowed anteriorly Genus 29: Prosadyia, p. 270 11' Pronotum not narrowed anteriorly, more or less parallel 12 12 First tarsal joint slender, considerably longer than second and third together; pronotum concave anteriorly; metasternal lobe short, transverse, rectangular; sides of abdominal tergites simple or with smaller recurved angles Genus 30: Hypurgus, p. 271 12' First tarsal joint about equal to the third 13 13 External parameres of male genitalia extremely narrow and acicular, enclosing unpaired, or central parameral, plate wide, as least five times wider than greatest width of external parameres. Genital lobe at rest reaching to base of external parameres, when erected occasionally reaching apices of external parameres Genus 31: Timomenus, p. 283 13' External parameres of male genitalia normal, typical, their median section visibly widened, enlosing unpaired genital lobe as wide apically as, or slightly wider than, greatest width of external parameres. External parameres not narrow and thin, not aciculately elongate, but thick, apically slightly but visibly curved inwards. Genital lobe at rest projecting beyond base of external parameres, when erected approaching or considerably projecting beyond apices of external parameres Genus 32: Paratimomenus, p. 311 14 First tarsal joint long and slender; pronotum about as long as wide, truncate anteriorly and generally rounded posteriorly Genus 33: Eparchus, p. 320 14' First tarsal joint about equal in length to the third 15 15 Pronotum considerably longer than wide, with a pair of anterior lateral spines 16 15' Pronotum without anterior lateral spines Genus 35: Cordax, p. 344 16 Male ultimate tergite simple, without paired, sharp, strongly curved spines medially Genus 34: Acanthocordax, p. 336 16' Male ultimate tergite characteristic, with paired, sharp, strongly curved spines medially Genus 36: Spinosocordax, p. 353

Genus 20: Cipex

BURR

1911 Cipex BURR, Proc. U.S. natn. Mus., 38: 462. - Species typica: Forficula schwarzi REHN, 1906 (for subfamily Anechurinae). 1911 Cipex - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 77 (in subfamily Forficulinae). 1971 Cipex - BRINDLE, Stud. F a u n a Curacao-Carib. Isl., 38 (131): 59 (in subfamily Opisthocosmiinae). Literature: POPHAM, 1 9 6 5 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 9 ; REICHARDT, 1971; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; TOWNES, 1945.

241 6 First anntenal joint strongly depressed, bicarinate Genus 25: Eutimomena, p. 256 6' First antennal joint not depressed, gibbous or cylindrical 7 7 Ultimate tergite of male transverse trapezoid, rather depressed, not strongly sloping: male forceps widely separated at base 8 7' Ultimate tergite of male narrowing and sloping to about half abdominal width; forceps subcontiguous 14 8 Pronotum considerably longer than wide, and broadly rounded posteriorly Genus 26: Opisthocosmia, p. 259 8' Pronotum transverse or subquadrate, more or less as long as wide, sometimes faintly longer than wide 9 9 Male forceps strongly depressed basally, inner basal margin conspicuously serrated with a specific, sharp tooth, which in directed inwards; ultimate tergite with a postero-lateral spine Genus 27: Neoopisthocosmia, p. 266 9' Male forceps without sharp inward-directed basal tooth on inner margins; branches generally elliptical, sometimes a little depressed basally and cylindrical in cross-section apically . . . 10 10 Pronotum transverse; first antennal joint not very long, third barely half as long as the first, fourth shorter than third, the rest somewhat longer, all cylindrical and rather thick Genus 28: Pareparchus, p. 267 10' Pronotum subquadrate, more or less as long as wide, narrowed or parallel anteriorly; first antennal joint very long 11 11 Pronotum conspicuously narrowed anteriorly Genus 29: Prosadyia, p. 270 11' Pronotum not narrowed anteriorly, more or less parallel 12 12 First tarsal joint slender, considerably longer than second and third together; pronotum concave anteriorly; metasternal lobe short, transverse, rectangular; sides of abdominal tergites simple or with smaller recurved angles Genus 30: Hypurgus, p. 271 12' First tarsal joint about equal to the third 13 13 External parameres of male genitalia extremely narrow and acicular, enclosing unpaired, or central parameral, plate wide, as least five times wider than greatest width of external parameres. Genital lobe at rest reaching to base of external parameres, when erected occasionally reaching apices of external parameres Genus 31: Timomenus, p. 283 13' External parameres of male genitalia normal, typical, their median section visibly widened, enlosing unpaired genital lobe as wide apically as, or slightly wider than, greatest width of external parameres. External parameres not narrow and thin, not aciculately elongate, but thick, apically slightly but visibly curved inwards. Genital lobe at rest projecting beyond base of external parameres, when erected approaching or considerably projecting beyond apices of external parameres Genus 32: Paratimomenus, p. 311 14 First tarsal joint long and slender; pronotum about as long as wide, truncate anteriorly and generally rounded posteriorly Genus 33: Eparchus, p. 320 14' First tarsal joint about equal in length to the third 15 15 Pronotum considerably longer than wide, with a pair of anterior lateral spines 16 15' Pronotum without anterior lateral spines Genus 35: Cordax, p. 344 16 Male ultimate tergite simple, without paired, sharp, strongly curved spines medially Genus 34: Acanthocordax, p. 336 16' Male ultimate tergite characteristic, with paired, sharp, strongly curved spines medially Genus 36: Spinosocordax, p. 353

Genus 20: Cipex

BURR

1911 Cipex BURR, Proc. U.S. natn. Mus., 38: 462. - Species typica: Forficula schwarzi REHN, 1906 (for subfamily Anechurinae). 1911 Cipex - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 77 (in subfamily Forficulinae). 1971 Cipex - BRINDLE, Stud. F a u n a Curacao-Carib. Isl., 38 (131): 59 (in subfamily Opisthocosmiinae). Literature: POPHAM, 1 9 6 5 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 9 ; REICHARDT, 1971; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; TOWNES, 1945.

242 Description: Build slender. Antennae slender and cylindrical, the third and fourth joints about equal. Pronotum subquadrate, rounded posteriorly. Tegmina and wings well developed. Sternal plates rather narrow. Legs short, tarsi shorter than the tibiae; all three joints about equal in length; first stout and, as second, strongly dilated; third slender (Fig. 378). Abdomen long and parallel. Male pygidium distinct, prominent, spined or lamellated. Ultimate tergite in both sexes transverse. Male forceps armed on inner margins, female forceps simple. Distribution: Cuba. 2 species. Identification key to the species Pygidium of male spiniform (Fig. 377), of Doru-type; first tarsal joint with large and broad dilated lobe (Fig. 378) 1. Cipex schwarzi, p. 242 Pygidium of male strongly flattened (Fig. 380), not of Doru-type; first tarsal joint with narrower dilated lobe (Fig. 381) 2. Cipex elongatus, p. 243 1.

Cipex schwarzi

(REHN)

1906 Forficula schwarzi REHN, Proc. U.S. natn. Mus., 29: 513; fig. 9 (female in dorsal view). - Terra typica: Cuba (Type female, type N o . 8169; U.S. natn. Mus., Washington). 1907 Sphingolabis schwarzi - CAUDELL, J. N Y ent. Soc., 15: 170 (description of male). 1911 Cipex schwarzi - BURR, Proc. U.S. natn. Mus., 38: 462; fig. 8 (tarsus). 1911 Cipex schwarzi - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 78; pi. 7, fig. 12 (female in dorsal view), 12 b (male forceps). Literature: BRINDLE, 1971; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1969; REICHARDT, 1971, SAKAI, 1973, 1982.

SkU

Fig. 377 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Cipex schwarzi (REHN). A f t e r BURR.

Fig. 378

Tarsi of Cipex

schwarzi (REHN). A f t e r BURR.

Fig. 379 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Cipex schwarzi (REHN). After REHN.

243 Description: Male general colour light brown generally; abdominal tergites darker, ultimate tergite reddish-brown. Head broad; postfrontal and coronal sutures distinct; posterior margin convex. Eyes comparatively small, esentially shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint long, slightly longer than the distance between antennal bases; second quadrate, third joing slightly longer than the second. Pronotum subquadrate, with lateral and posterior margins rounded; median longitudinal furrow present. Tegmina and wings fully developed. Abdomen slightly inflated mesad; lateral glandular folds present on tergites 3 - 4 . Ultimate tergite transverse, somewhat depressed medially near posterior margins. Pygidium spiniform, of Dora-type. Tarsus specific (Fig. 378), first joint with large, broad dilated lobe, second joint with of forficuloid-type eupulvillus. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 377) arcuate, elliptical in cross-section basally and medially, cylindrical apically; inner margins with a smaller basal and apical tooth, and with a larger tooth near the midpoint. Female similar to male, but forceps (Fig. 379) flattened basally with a prominent tooth; tarsi strongly depressed, the second joint distinctly cordiform and extending considerably beneath the third joint. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: about 20 mm. Distribution: Cuba. 2. Cipex elongatus (BORMANS) 1888 Anechura elongata BORMANS, in BOLIVAR, Mem. Soc. Zool. Fr., 1: 120. - Terra typica: Cuba (Type male: Inst. Biol. Acad. Cienc., Havanna). 1900 Anechura elongata-BORMANS &KRAUSS, Das Tierreich, Berlin, 11:103; fig. 38 a (male in dorsal view), 38 b (male forceps in lateral view), 38 c (penultimate sternite). 1911 Cipex? elongata - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 78. 1971 Cipex elongata - BRINDLE, Stud. Fauna Curacao-Carib. Isl., 38 (131): 60; fig. 48 (male in dorsal view), 52 (male forceps), 53 (ditto, laterally), 54 (tarsi). Literature: BURR, 1909; REICHARDT, 1971; SAKAI, 1973, 1982; ZAYAS, 1968.

Description: Male head reddish, pronotum yellow, disc orange, and a median longitudinal band brown; tegmina and wings yellowish-brown, sutures and external margins paler in colour; abdomen dark reddish-brown, legs yellowishbrown, pygidium reddish. Head broad, tumid; postfrontal and coronal sutures faintly visible; posterior margin more or less straight. Eyes typical for the genus, small, essentially shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint comparatively short, about as long as distance between antennal bases. Pronotum longer than wide, strongly widened posteriorly, posterior margin convex. Tegmina and wings fully developed. Abdomen long, slender, depressed. Ultimate tergite large, posterior margin trisinuate; depressed medially near posterior margin, and with three longitudinal ridges, the outer ones rather oblique. Pygidium flattened, transverse, large, posterior margin with two prominent teeth. Tarsal joints slenderer then schwarzi (REHN), as in Fig. 3 8 1 . Both branches of forceps (Fig. 380) long and slender, slightly sinuate, wider at

244 extreme base, where there is an inner tooth; distal part with three inner teeth, the first tooth about one-third from base is small, the median tooth about two-thirds from base is large and directed slightly ventro-medially, whil the third tooth, about three-quarters from the base is small. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 17-19 mm. Distribution: Cuba.

Fig. 3 8 0 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Cipex elongata (BORMANS). After BRINDLE.

Genus

21:

Fig. 3 8 1 Tarsi of Cipex elongata After BRINDLE.

Sondax

(BORMANS).

BURR

1 9 1 0 Sondax BURR, Fauna brit. India, Derm.: 1 7 7 . - Species typica: Sondax repens BURR, 1 9 1 0 . Literature: BEY-BIENKO, 1 9 3 4 ; BURR, 1 9 1 1 ; KAPOOR, 1 9 6 7 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 9 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 . TOWNES, 1 9 4 5 .

Description: Entirely apterous insect; build slender. Head broad, smooth, tumid. Antennae cylindrical. Pronotum as wide as the head, wider than long, slightly wider posteriorly than anteriorly; sides all straight, almost rectangular. Mesonotum smooth. Legs slender and long; first and third tarsal joints about equally long. Abdomen with lateral glandular folds prominent, dilated before the apex and then narrowing. Ultimate tergite sloping, trapezoidal, strongly narrowed posteriorly. Forceps with branches contiguous at the base, long and slender or shorter and strongly curved. Distribution: Oriental region. 2 species.

244 extreme base, where there is an inner tooth; distal part with three inner teeth, the first tooth about one-third from base is small, the median tooth about two-thirds from base is large and directed slightly ventro-medially, whil the third tooth, about three-quarters from the base is small. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 17-19 mm. Distribution: Cuba.

Fig. 3 8 0 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Cipex elongata (BORMANS). After BRINDLE.

Genus

21:

Fig. 3 8 1 Tarsi of Cipex elongata After BRINDLE.

Sondax

(BORMANS).

BURR

1 9 1 0 Sondax BURR, Fauna brit. India, Derm.: 1 7 7 . - Species typica: Sondax repens BURR, 1 9 1 0 . Literature: BEY-BIENKO, 1 9 3 4 ; BURR, 1 9 1 1 ; KAPOOR, 1 9 6 7 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 9 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 . TOWNES, 1 9 4 5 .

Description: Entirely apterous insect; build slender. Head broad, smooth, tumid. Antennae cylindrical. Pronotum as wide as the head, wider than long, slightly wider posteriorly than anteriorly; sides all straight, almost rectangular. Mesonotum smooth. Legs slender and long; first and third tarsal joints about equally long. Abdomen with lateral glandular folds prominent, dilated before the apex and then narrowing. Ultimate tergite sloping, trapezoidal, strongly narrowed posteriorly. Forceps with branches contiguous at the base, long and slender or shorter and strongly curved. Distribution: Oriental region. 2 species.

245 Identification key to the species 1

Male forceps strongly curved, with one very small tubercle on inner margins basally (Fig. 382) 1. Sondax potanini, p. 245 1' Male forceps elongate, strongly flattened on basal half (Fig. 383) . . . 2. Sondax repens, p. 246 1.

Sondax potanini

BEY-BIENKO

1934 Sondax potanini BEY-BIENKO, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (10) 13: 414; fig. 8 (male in dorsal view). Terra typica: China: Szechwan (Type male: unknown locality). L i t e r a t u r e : BEY-BIENKO, 1 9 3 6 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 7 5 .

Description: Male general colour shiny blackish-brown; head pale reddish, antennae, legs and prosternum dirty pale reddish; forceps reddish-brown. Head large, broad, wider than the pronotum; postfrontal and coronal sutures distinct; posterior angles of head broadly rounded, posterior margin convex in the middle. Eyes comparatively small, essentially shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint short, about as long as the distance between antennal bases or faintly shorter; third and fifth joints subequal in length, cylindrical. Pronotum smooth, transverse, with a feeble tumidity in anterior part and with depressed lateral margins, half again as wide as long, with straight, scarcely divergent, lateral margins; posterior margin rounded. Tegmina and wings completely absent. Mesosternum transverse, practically twice as wide as long. Legs short, depressed, hind metatarsus half as long again as the third joint. Abdomen smooth, with very indistinct sparse punctation. Ultimate tergite narrowing to the apex; with two very feeble spherical inflations over the roots of the forceps. Branches of forceps (Fig. 382) in the basal fourth dilated and depressed, practically contiguous along inner margins; inner margins with a very small tubercle. - Female similar to male but larger; abdomen parallel-sided with narrowed apex; forceps simple, thick, strongly sharpened, and feebly incurved on the apex. - Length of body with forceps, male: 10-11 mm, female: 13-14 mm. Distribution: China: Szechwan.

Fig. 382 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Sondax potanini BEY-BIENKO. A f t e r BEY-BIENKO.

246 2.

Sondax repens

BURR

1910 Sondax repens BURR, Fauna brit. India Derm.: 177; fig. 63 (male in dorsal view). - Terra typica: Madras (Type male: Univ. Mus., Oxford). Literature: B U R R , 1 9 1 1 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 .

Description: Male uniform light reddish-ochraceous. Head smooth and tumid, broad, wider than the pronotum; posterior angles broadly rounded, posterior margin convex in the middle. Eyes small, essentially shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint comparatively short, shorter than the distance between antennal bases. Pronotum more or less as wide as long; slightly wider posteriorly than anteriorly; lateral margins more or less straight, posterior margin faintly convex; median longitudinal furrow present. Tegmina and wings totally absent. Mesonotum smooth. Legs slender and long, first and third tarsal joints about equally long. Abdomen expanded medially, sloping caudad; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 present, distinct. Ultimate tergite sloping, trapezoidal, strongly narrowed posteriorly; smooth, posterior margin with a slight tumid elevation on each side. Branches of forceps (Fig. 383) very slender, elongate, contiguous at the base with a vertical spine or tooth directed somewhat backwards, then slender, elongate, and arcuate, enclosing a long elliptical area. Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 11 mm. Distribution: India.

Fig. 383 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Sondax repens B U R R . After B U R R .

Genus

22:

Parasondax

SRIVASTAVA

1978 Parasondax SRIVASTAVA, Bull. Zool. Surv. India, 1 (1): 74. - Type species: Parasondax

cantralli

SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 8 .

Literature: SAKAI, 1982.

Description: Build slender. Antennae long and slender; eyes smaller than genae in length; pronotum anteriorly as wide as head, all margins straight except

246 2.

Sondax repens

BURR

1910 Sondax repens BURR, Fauna brit. India Derm.: 177; fig. 63 (male in dorsal view). - Terra typica: Madras (Type male: Univ. Mus., Oxford). Literature: B U R R , 1 9 1 1 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 .

Description: Male uniform light reddish-ochraceous. Head smooth and tumid, broad, wider than the pronotum; posterior angles broadly rounded, posterior margin convex in the middle. Eyes small, essentially shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint comparatively short, shorter than the distance between antennal bases. Pronotum more or less as wide as long; slightly wider posteriorly than anteriorly; lateral margins more or less straight, posterior margin faintly convex; median longitudinal furrow present. Tegmina and wings totally absent. Mesonotum smooth. Legs slender and long, first and third tarsal joints about equally long. Abdomen expanded medially, sloping caudad; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 present, distinct. Ultimate tergite sloping, trapezoidal, strongly narrowed posteriorly; smooth, posterior margin with a slight tumid elevation on each side. Branches of forceps (Fig. 383) very slender, elongate, contiguous at the base with a vertical spine or tooth directed somewhat backwards, then slender, elongate, and arcuate, enclosing a long elliptical area. Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 11 mm. Distribution: India.

Fig. 383 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Sondax repens B U R R . After B U R R .

Genus

22:

Parasondax

SRIVASTAVA

1978 Parasondax SRIVASTAVA, Bull. Zool. Surv. India, 1 (1): 74. - Type species: Parasondax

cantralli

SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 8 .

Literature: SAKAI, 1982.

Description: Build slender. Antennae long and slender; eyes smaller than genae in length; pronotum anteriorly as wide as head, all margins straight except

247

posterior margin lightly rounded. Tegmina rudimentary, represented by lateral flaps on mesonotum. Wings absent. Legs long and slender. Abdomen convex, greatly dilated in middle. Forceps long, slender, contiguous and straight at base for a short distance, with or without vertical tooth, turned backwards. Distribution: India. Single species. 1. Parasondax cantralli

SRIVASTAVA

Parasondax cantralli SRIVASTAVA, Bull. Zool. Surv. India, 1 ( 1 ) : 7 6 ; fig. 2 G (male in dorsal view), 2H (genitalia of holotype), 21 (male forceps), 2J (female forceps). - Terra typica: India (Type male: Nation. Coll. Zool. Surv. India, Calcutta). Literature: S A K A I , 1 9 8 2 . 1978

Description: Male general colour testaceous-brown with traces of black in part. Head about as long as wide, smooth, frons weakly convex, postfrontal and coronal sutures obliterated; posterior margin scarcely emarginate in the middle. Eyes normally developed, but a somewhat shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae 13-jointed; first joint stout, about as long as distance between antennal bases; second transverse, third and fourth subequal, but both shorter then fifth. Pronotum weakly transverse, with all margins straight, laterally gently reflexed, median longitudinal furrow obliterated; prozona convex and metazona flat. Mesonotum transverse, posteriorly straight, with rudimentary ovate flap laterally. Metanotum with posterior margin emarginate. Legs long and slender,

Fig. 384 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Parasondax cantralli SRIVASTAVA.

After

SRIVASTAVA.

Fig. 385 Holotype genital armature of Parasondax cantralli SRIVASTAVA. After SRIVASTAVA.

Fig. 386 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Parosondax cantralli SRIVASTAVA. After SRIVASTAVA.

248 hind metatarsus slightly longer than the third joint; second briefly lobed. Abdomen convex, greatly enlarged in middle, smooth above, sides rounded, finely striate. Ultimate tergite strongly declivent and narrowed posteriorly, low tumid elevations above the roots of forceps. Penultimate sternite broadly rounded posteriorly. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 384) depressed basally, cylindrical in cross-section medially and apically; internally dentate in basal one-fourth with a vertical tooth, apex of which is bifid and turned backwards, afterwards branches strongly bowed, compressed, tapering, with apices pointed. Genitalia (Fig. 385) comparatively short and broad; central parameral plate a little expanded apically, virga within genital lobe very long; external parameres moderately narrow. - Female similar to male, but forceps (Fig. 386) simple, straight, contiguous and internally finely dentate throughout. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 11-13 mm. Distribution: India. Genus 23: Parasyntonus gen.nov. Species typica: Syntonus ensifer BURR, 1912.

Description: Build slender, head a little wider than pronotum. Pronotum longer than wide. Tegmina abbreviated, posterior margin transversely truncate, straight. Wings entirely absent. Legs normally developed, long and slender. Abdomen somewhat depressed, widened medially, narrowed basally and caudad; ultimate tergite broad, transverse, with a median, vertical, pointed spine. Distribution: Peru. Single species. 1. Parasyntonus ensifer (BURR) comb.nov. 1912 Syntonus ensifer BURR, Annln naturh. Mus., Wien, 26: 107; fig. 3 (in p. 332) (male in dorsal view). - Terra typica: Peru (Type male: Naturhist. Mus., Wien). 1978 Neolobophora ensifer - BRINDLE, Entomologist's Rec., 90: 315; fig. 1 (male in dorsal view). L i t e r a t u r e : BURR, 1 9 1 4 ; REICHARDT, 1 9 7 1 ; SAKAI, 1973, 1 9 8 2 .

Description: Male general colour dark reddish-brown. Head broad, smooth, frons tumid; postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct; posterior angles rounded, posterior margin convex in the middle. Eyes normally developed, but shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint long, about as long as the distance between antennal bases. Pronotum longer than wide, lateral margins faintly convex and widened posteriorly; posterior margin rounded; median longitudinal furrow present; prozona tumid, metazona flattened. Tegmina abbreviated, more or less as long as the length of pronotum, or a little longer; posterior margins transverse, straight. Wings entirely absent. Abdomen fusiform, narrowed anteriorly and posteriorly; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct. Ultimate tergite transverse, somewhat depressed medially near

248 hind metatarsus slightly longer than the third joint; second briefly lobed. Abdomen convex, greatly enlarged in middle, smooth above, sides rounded, finely striate. Ultimate tergite strongly declivent and narrowed posteriorly, low tumid elevations above the roots of forceps. Penultimate sternite broadly rounded posteriorly. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 384) depressed basally, cylindrical in cross-section medially and apically; internally dentate in basal one-fourth with a vertical tooth, apex of which is bifid and turned backwards, afterwards branches strongly bowed, compressed, tapering, with apices pointed. Genitalia (Fig. 385) comparatively short and broad; central parameral plate a little expanded apically, virga within genital lobe very long; external parameres moderately narrow. - Female similar to male, but forceps (Fig. 386) simple, straight, contiguous and internally finely dentate throughout. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 11-13 mm. Distribution: India. Genus 23: Parasyntonus gen.nov. Species typica: Syntonus ensifer BURR, 1912.

Description: Build slender, head a little wider than pronotum. Pronotum longer than wide. Tegmina abbreviated, posterior margin transversely truncate, straight. Wings entirely absent. Legs normally developed, long and slender. Abdomen somewhat depressed, widened medially, narrowed basally and caudad; ultimate tergite broad, transverse, with a median, vertical, pointed spine. Distribution: Peru. Single species. 1. Parasyntonus ensifer (BURR) comb.nov. 1912 Syntonus ensifer BURR, Annln naturh. Mus., Wien, 26: 107; fig. 3 (in p. 332) (male in dorsal view). - Terra typica: Peru (Type male: Naturhist. Mus., Wien). 1978 Neolobophora ensifer - BRINDLE, Entomologist's Rec., 90: 315; fig. 1 (male in dorsal view). L i t e r a t u r e : BURR, 1 9 1 4 ; REICHARDT, 1 9 7 1 ; SAKAI, 1973, 1 9 8 2 .

Description: Male general colour dark reddish-brown. Head broad, smooth, frons tumid; postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct; posterior angles rounded, posterior margin convex in the middle. Eyes normally developed, but shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint long, about as long as the distance between antennal bases. Pronotum longer than wide, lateral margins faintly convex and widened posteriorly; posterior margin rounded; median longitudinal furrow present; prozona tumid, metazona flattened. Tegmina abbreviated, more or less as long as the length of pronotum, or a little longer; posterior margins transverse, straight. Wings entirely absent. Abdomen fusiform, narrowed anteriorly and posteriorly; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct. Ultimate tergite transverse, somewhat depressed medially near

249 posterior margin; the plate with a characteristic median, dorsal, pointed spine. Penultimate sternite broadly rounded posteriorly. Pygidium small, rounded in dorsal view. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 387) arcuate, depressed basally, elliptical medially and cylindrical in cross-section apically; inner margins with a small tooth. - Female unknwon. - Length of body with forceps: 13-14 mm. Distribution: Peru.

Fig. 387 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Parasyntonus ensifer (BURR). After BURR.

Genus 24: Syntonus

BURR

1910 Syntonus BURR, Fauna brit. India Derm.: 199. - Type species: Opisthocosmia

neolobophoroides

BURR, 1 9 0 1 .

1978 Syntonus - BRINDLE, Entomologist's Rec., 90: 314 (proposed synonymy with Obelura BURR, 1907).

1978 Syntonus - SRIVASTAVA, Eos, Madr., 52: 299 (revision, and key to species). Literature: BURR, 1911; POPHAM, 1965; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1968; REICHARDT, 1971; SAKAI, 1973, 1982; SRIVASTAVA, 1976; STEINMANN, 1989; TOWNES, 1945.

Description: Build slender; head large, tumid; postfrontal and coronal sutures distinct or indistinct. Eyes normally developed, antennae with joints elongate. Tegmina abbreviated, short, wings absent, or sometimes present but concealed. First tarsal joint only as long as the third. Abdomen fusiform, narrowed anteriorly and strongly narrowed posteriorly. Male forceps various, generally very slender and elongate. Distribution: African, Oriental and Indo-Australian regions. 6 species. Identification key to the species 1

Pronotum longer than wide, broadly rounded posteriorly. African species 1. Syntonus africanus, p. 250 1' Pronotum quadrate or transverse. Oriental and Indo-Australian species 2 2 Pronotum rounded posteriorly 3 2' Pronotum truncate posteriorly 4

249 posterior margin; the plate with a characteristic median, dorsal, pointed spine. Penultimate sternite broadly rounded posteriorly. Pygidium small, rounded in dorsal view. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 387) arcuate, depressed basally, elliptical medially and cylindrical in cross-section apically; inner margins with a small tooth. - Female unknwon. - Length of body with forceps: 13-14 mm. Distribution: Peru.

Fig. 387 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Parasyntonus ensifer (BURR). After BURR.

Genus 24: Syntonus

BURR

1910 Syntonus BURR, Fauna brit. India Derm.: 199. - Type species: Opisthocosmia

neolobophoroides

BURR, 1 9 0 1 .

1978 Syntonus - BRINDLE, Entomologist's Rec., 90: 314 (proposed synonymy with Obelura BURR, 1907).

1978 Syntonus - SRIVASTAVA, Eos, Madr., 52: 299 (revision, and key to species). Literature: BURR, 1911; POPHAM, 1965; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1968; REICHARDT, 1971; SAKAI, 1973, 1982; SRIVASTAVA, 1976; STEINMANN, 1989; TOWNES, 1945.

Description: Build slender; head large, tumid; postfrontal and coronal sutures distinct or indistinct. Eyes normally developed, antennae with joints elongate. Tegmina abbreviated, short, wings absent, or sometimes present but concealed. First tarsal joint only as long as the third. Abdomen fusiform, narrowed anteriorly and strongly narrowed posteriorly. Male forceps various, generally very slender and elongate. Distribution: African, Oriental and Indo-Australian regions. 6 species. Identification key to the species 1

Pronotum longer than wide, broadly rounded posteriorly. African species 1. Syntonus africanus, p. 250 1' Pronotum quadrate or transverse. Oriental and Indo-Australian species 2 2 Pronotum rounded posteriorly 3 2' Pronotum truncate posteriorly 4

250 3

Sides of abdominal tergites acute, a crenulate longitudinal ridge present on segments 5 - 7 ; forceps with branches depressed (Fig. 391), straight and serrated internally in basal two-thirds, afterwards strongly tapering, curved and smooth internally 2. Syntonus serratus, p. 251 3' Sides of abdominal tergites obtuse, segments 5 and 6 with numerous small tubercles arranged longitudinally; forceps with branches long and cylindrical, almost straight, gently curved apically with tip pointed, unarmed internally (Fig. 392) 3. Syntonus simplex, p. 252 4 Postfrontal and coronal sutures of the head indistinct; male forceps specific, as in Fig. 393 4. Syntonus neolobophoroides, p. 253 4' Postfrontal and coronal sutures of the head distinct, very well marked 5 5 Smaller species, body length with forceps about 10 mm; pronotum slightly transverse, rectangular; male forceps with a short internal flange basally . . . 5. Syntonus montanus, p. 254 5' Larger species, body length with forceps about 15 mm; pronotum quadrate; male forceps with a longer internal flange basally 6. Syntonus venus, p. 255

1.

Syntonus africanus

(BRINDLE)

comb.nov.

1973 Cordax africanus BRINDLE, The Dermaptera of Africa, 1: 306; fig. 417 (male in dorsal view), 418 (female forceps), 419 (male forceps in lateral view), 420 (genitalia of holotype). - Terra typica: Cape Province (Type male: Brit. Mus. nat. Hist., London). Literature: SAKAI, 1 9 8 2 .

Description: Male general colour reddish-yellow to yellowish-brown, abdomen dark reddish or reddish-brown. Cuticle of head, pronotum, and tegmina finely and sparsely punctate and pubescent, hairs short and yellow; abdominal tergites strongly and closely punctate, punctures relatively large, and closer than their own diameter to each other, pubescence relatively sparse, hairs short and yellow. Head transverse, frons slightly swollen; postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct, posterior margin straight in the middle. Eyes large and rather protuberant, a little shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Only first antennal joints of each antennae remaining in holotype, there longer than the distance between antennal bases. Pronotum longer than wide, almost parallelsided, posterior margin rounded posteriorly; anterior part tumid, leaving a well-marked transverse depression near distal two-thirds, last third reftexed over the base of mesonotum, lateral borders explanate and directed dorsally. Tegmina short, obliquely truncate posteriorly, and leaving a small scutellum visible. Legs long, rather slender, but anterior femora wider. Abdomen fusiform, widened from base, almost parallel-sided from tergite 4 to tergite 8, tergites 9 - 1 0 narrowed; glandular folds on third tergite well marked, those of fourth very large; tergites 7 - 9 each with a rounded lobe-like projection on postero-lateral angles. Ultimate tergite strongly narrowed posteriorly, posterior margin almost convex. Branches of forceps (Fig. 388) contiguous on basal half, then arcuate, inner margins evenly crenulated on basal third; on basal third is a short rounded dorsal process, in lateral view the branch is sharply curved dorsally at this process. Genitalia (Fig. 389) comparatively large, oval; central parameral plate short, virga within genital lobe moderately short with expanded basal sclerotized section; external parameres obtuse. - Female similar to male, darker in general

251

Fig. 388 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Syntonus africanus

Fig. 389 Holotype genital armature of Syntonus africanus (BRINDLE). After BRINDLE.

(BRINDLE). A f t e r BRINDLE.

Fig. 390 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Syntonus africanus (BRINDLE). A f t e r BRINDLE.

colour, ultimate tergite narrower, both branches of forceps (Fig. 390) slender, simple, inner margins slightly crenulated. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 12-14 mm. Distribution: Cape Province. 2.

Syntonus serratus

SRIVASTAVA

1978 Syntonus serratus SRIVASTAVA, Eos, Madrid, 52: 300; fig. 65 (head, pronotum, and tegmina), 66 (leg), 67 (male abdominal end with forceps), 68 (penultimate sternite). - Terra typica: Mindanao (Type male: Field Mus., Chicago).

Description: Male general colour shiny testaceous brown, body finely pubescent. Head triangular, tumid, as long as wide; postfrontal and coronal sutures obliterated; posterior margin straight. Eyes large, prominent, about as long as the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint long, slightly narrowed basally, equal to second, third and fourth together; third joint about as long as fourth. Pronotum about as long as wide, anterior margin and sides straight, posterior margin rounded posteriorly. Tegmina short, about as long as head, smooth, posterior margin obliquely truncate. Wings absent. Legs long and cylindrical, tarsi with thick pubescence on underside; hind tarsi with first joint slightly longer than third. Abdomen faintly depressed above, smooth, greatly enlarged in middle, lateral glandular folds on third tergite weak and on fourth well marked; sides of abdominal tergites 4 - 8 acute but segments 5 - 7 with a

252 faintly serrated ridge. Ultimate tergite convex, strongly sloping and narrowed posteriorly, broad elevations corresponding to the roots of the forceps present, with a slight depression in between, posterior margin incrassate and gently sinuate in middle and oblique laterally above the bases of forceps. Branches of forceps (Fig. 391) remote at base, long, depressed and almost straight in basal two-thirds, after wards abruptly and strongly tapering and incurved with apices hooked and pointed; inner margins finely serrate in basal two-thirds only. Female as male, but slightly darker in colour; sides of abdominal tergites convex, devoid of any ridge. Ultimate tergite more strongly contracted posteriorly; forceps simple. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 12-14 mm. Distribution: Philippine Islands: Mindanao.

Fig. 391 Syntonus

Male ultimate tergite with forceps of serratus SRIVASTAVA.

A f t e r SRIVASTAVA.

3.

Syntonus simplex

SRIVASTAVA

1978 Syntonus simplex SRIVASTAVA, EOS, Madrid, 52: 303; fig. 69 (head pronotum, and tegmina), 70 (male abdominal end with forceps), 71 (penultimate sternite). - Terra typica: Mindanao (Type male: Field Mus., Chicago).

Description: Male general colour blackish-brown; occiput slightly reddish, antennal joints blackish, but one or two ante-apical joints partially or wholly whitish. Legs yellowish-brown. Body finely pubescent. Head as long as wide, tumid; postfrontal and coronal sutures obliterated; posterior margin gently sinuate. Eyes normally developed, about as long as the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint long, essentially longer than the distance between antennal bases. Pronotum quadrate, lateral margins faintly convex, posterior margin broadly rounded; median longitudinal furrow distinct; prozona gently tumid and metazona flat. Tegmina abbreviated, slightly longer than head, posterior margin obliquely truncate. Abdomen gently convex, finely punctulate, greatly enlarged in middle; glandular fold on tergite third weakly and on 4th distinctly marked; sides of abdominal tergites with angles obtuse, but segments

253 5th and 6th provided with numerous small tubercles arranged longitudinally. Ultimate tergite contracted and sloping posteriorly, smooth and finely punctulate areas alternating, broad tubercles corresponding to bases of forceps present, with slightly depressed area in middle. Branches of forceps (Fig. 392) remote and constricted at base, cylindrical, almost straight, tapering with apices pointed and gently hooked, inner margins unarmed. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 11.5 mm. Distribution: Philippine Islands: Mindanao.

Fig. 392 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Syntonus simplex SRIVASTAVA. After SRIVASTAVA.

4.

Syntonus neolobophoroides

(BURR)

1901 Opisthocosmia neolobophoroides BURR, J. Bombay nat. Hist., Soc., 14: 335. - Terra typica: Ceylon (Type male: Brit. Mus. nat. Hist., London). 1904 Cosmiella neolobophoroides - KIRBY, Syn. Cat. Orth., 1: 38. 1910 Syntonus neolobophoroides - BURR, Fauna brit. India, Derm.: 200; fig. 62 ("winged" male in dorsal view). 1978 Obelura neolobophoroides - BRINDLE, Entomologist's Rec., 90: 314; fig. 3 (male in dorsal view). 1978 Syntonus neolobophoroides - SRIVASTAVA, EOS, Madrid, 52: 300. Literature: BRINDLE, 1971; BURR, 1911; SAKAI, 1973, 1982; SRIVASTAVA, 1976.

Description: Male build small and graceful; general colour yellowish or yellowish-red, shading to darker. Head large, postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct; posterior angles broadly rounded and last margin more or less straight. Eyes comparatively short, essentially shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint well developed, very long, longer than the distance between antennal bases; second quadrate, the rest of the joints slender and elongate. Pronotum somewhat transverse, lateral margins straight and more or less parallel, faintly convex; posterior margin truncate; median longitudinal furrow present. Tegmina short, not rounded at all at the shoulders, obliquely

254 truncate posteriorly; smooth; axillary angle weak, so that a very short transverse, space is visible as a small scutellum between the base of the tegmina and the pronotum. Wings entirely absent. Legs slender. Abdomen smooth, shiny, reddish-brown; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct. Ultimate tergite smooth, strongly narrowed posteriorly, sloping. Branches of forceps (Fig. 393) contiguous at the base, and for the first quarter of their length slender and somewhat depressed, with a sharp dorsal edge, which ends in a conspicuous dorsal tooth; branches of forceps cylindrical in cross-section medially and apically. Genitalia (Fig. 3 9 4 , gen.prep. No. 1 0 0 4 , det. Dr. H . STEINMANN) characteristic; central parameral plate very narrow and elongate, virga within genital lobe indistinct, external parameres essentially small, narrow and short. Female very similar to male, but forceps simple, straight and cylindrical. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 11-13 mm. Distribution: Sri Lanka, and Burma.

Fig. 393 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Syntonus neolobophoroides (BURR). Original.

5.

Fig. 394 Male genital armature of Syntonus neolobophoroides (BURR). Original.

Syntonus montanus

HINCKS

1947 Syntonus montanus HINCKS, Ark. Zool., Uppsala, 39A (1): 38. - Terra typica: Burma (Type male: Naturhist. Riksmus., Stockholm). 1978 Obelura montana - BRINDLE, Entomologist's Rec., 90: 315. Literature: SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1982; SRIVASTAVA, 1976.

Description: Male colour fulvous, sides of pronotum and legs lighter; forceps fuscous. Head slightly broader than pronotum, tumid; postfrontal and coronal sutures distinct; posterior margin of head convex in the middle. Eyes normally developed, but shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint long, longer than the distance between antennal bases; 3 and 4 subequal, 5 as long

255

as second and third together. Pronotum slightly transverse, rectangular, almost truncate caudad; prozona somewhat tumid; metazona not markedly depressed and not differentiated from prozona. Tegmina very short, shorter than pronotum, posterior margins truncate; surface with sparse, large, round, shallow punctures. Wings absent. Abdomen widest at sixth tergite; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 present. Ultimate tergite transverse, decidedly narrowed distad, declivent; distal margin truncate behind a median depression, sinuate lateral and angulate of corners. Forceps long, slender, remote at extreme base but soon almost contiguous for a short distance at the level of a short internal flange, after which gently and regularly curved to apex. Pygidium hidden. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 10 mm. Distribution: Burma. 6. Syntonus venus sp.nov. Terra typica: North Queensland, Malanda, xi, 6. 50. W. L. BROWL, gen.prep. No. 1003, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN (Type male: Természettudomànyi Muzeum, Budapest).

Description: Male head dark reddish-brown; antennae with joints brown, legs lighter brown; lateral margins of pronotum yellowish, median part of pronotum, tegmina, abdomen and forceps dark brownish-black. Head large, somewhat longer than wide, and faintly wider than pronotum; postfrontal and coronal sutures distinct, well marked; posterior margin emarginate in the middle. Eyes comparatively large, prominent, but a little shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae broken in holotype; first joint long, longer than the distance between antennal bases; second quadrate, third shorter than the fourth.

Fig. 395 Holotype ultimate tergite with forceps of Syntonus venus sp.n. Original.

Fig. 396 Holotype genital armature of Syntonus venus sp.n. Original.

256 Pronotum about as long as wide; lateral margins parallel, more or less straight, posterior margin truncate; median longitudinal furrow distinct. Tegmina short, obliquely truncate posteriorly. Wings entirely absent. Abdomen convex, lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 prominent. Ultimate tergite strongly narrowed posteriorly, sloping, smooth. Branches of forceps (Fig. 395) very similar to montanus HINCKS, slender, remote at extreme base, but with a longer internal flange; branches depressed basally, cylindrical in cross-section medially and apically. Genitalia (Fig. 396, gen.prep. No. 1003, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) specific; central parameral plate oval apically, and strongly narrowed basally; virga within genital lobe long, with characteristic basal sac; external parameres comparatively small, as in Fig. 396. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 15 mm. Distribution: Australia: Queensland. Genus

25:

Eutimomena

BEY-BIENKO

1970 Eutimomena BEY-BIENKO, Zool. Zh., Moscow, 49:1819. - Type species: Eutimomena

paradoxa

BEY-BIENKO, 1 9 7 0 . L i t e r a t u r e : SAKAI, 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 8 2 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 7 5 , 1 9 8 9 .

Description: Build slender and elongate; head large, postfrontal sutures indistinct, coronal suture present. Pronotum somewhat longer than wide, posterior margin broadly rounded. Tegmina and wings fully developed. First antennal joint similar to Eudohrnia BURR in subfamily Forficulinae, strongly depressed, bicarinate. Male abdominal tergites 6 - 9 with or without lateral tubercles. Distribution: Oriental region. 2 species. Identification key to the species 1

Male abdominal tergites 6 - 9 with lateral tubercles; male genitalia with more or less parallel-sided central parameral plate, virga within genital lobe characteristic, as in Fig. 398 1. Eutimomena paradoxa, p. 256 V Male abdominal tergites 6 - 9 without lateral tubercles; male genitalia strongly expanded, central parameral plate widened apically and strongly narrowed basally; virga within genital lobe normally developed, as in Fig. 401 2. Eutimomena valida, p. 258

1. Eutimomena paradoxa

BEY-BIENKO

1970 Eutimomena paradoxa BEY-BIENKO, Zool. Zh., Moscow, 49: 1819. - Terra typica: Vietnam (Type male: Zool. Inst. Mus. Acad. Sci. USSR, Leningrad). 1975 Eutimomena paradoxa - STEINMANN, Folia ent. hung., 28:168; fig. 48 (male ultimate tergite with forceps). 1982 Eutimomena paradoxa - SRIVASTAVA, Ann. Mus. civ. Stor. nat. Genova, 84: 103; fig. 9 (antennae), 10 (scape in cross-section), 11 (male ultimate tergite with forceps). Literature: SAKAI, 1982.

256 Pronotum about as long as wide; lateral margins parallel, more or less straight, posterior margin truncate; median longitudinal furrow distinct. Tegmina short, obliquely truncate posteriorly. Wings entirely absent. Abdomen convex, lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 prominent. Ultimate tergite strongly narrowed posteriorly, sloping, smooth. Branches of forceps (Fig. 395) very similar to montanus HINCKS, slender, remote at extreme base, but with a longer internal flange; branches depressed basally, cylindrical in cross-section medially and apically. Genitalia (Fig. 396, gen.prep. No. 1003, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) specific; central parameral plate oval apically, and strongly narrowed basally; virga within genital lobe long, with characteristic basal sac; external parameres comparatively small, as in Fig. 396. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 15 mm. Distribution: Australia: Queensland. Genus

25:

Eutimomena

BEY-BIENKO

1970 Eutimomena BEY-BIENKO, Zool. Zh., Moscow, 49:1819. - Type species: Eutimomena

paradoxa

BEY-BIENKO, 1 9 7 0 . L i t e r a t u r e : SAKAI, 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 8 2 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 7 5 , 1 9 8 9 .

Description: Build slender and elongate; head large, postfrontal sutures indistinct, coronal suture present. Pronotum somewhat longer than wide, posterior margin broadly rounded. Tegmina and wings fully developed. First antennal joint similar to Eudohrnia BURR in subfamily Forficulinae, strongly depressed, bicarinate. Male abdominal tergites 6 - 9 with or without lateral tubercles. Distribution: Oriental region. 2 species. Identification key to the species 1

Male abdominal tergites 6 - 9 with lateral tubercles; male genitalia with more or less parallel-sided central parameral plate, virga within genital lobe characteristic, as in Fig. 398 1. Eutimomena paradoxa, p. 256 V Male abdominal tergites 6 - 9 without lateral tubercles; male genitalia strongly expanded, central parameral plate widened apically and strongly narrowed basally; virga within genital lobe normally developed, as in Fig. 401 2. Eutimomena valida, p. 258

1. Eutimomena paradoxa

BEY-BIENKO

1970 Eutimomena paradoxa BEY-BIENKO, Zool. Zh., Moscow, 49: 1819. - Terra typica: Vietnam (Type male: Zool. Inst. Mus. Acad. Sci. USSR, Leningrad). 1975 Eutimomena paradoxa - STEINMANN, Folia ent. hung., 28:168; fig. 48 (male ultimate tergite with forceps). 1982 Eutimomena paradoxa - SRIVASTAVA, Ann. Mus. civ. Stor. nat. Genova, 84: 103; fig. 9 (antennae), 10 (scape in cross-section), 11 (male ultimate tergite with forceps). Literature: SAKAI, 1982.

257 Description: Male general colour dark reddish-brown; lateral margins of pronotum yellowish, medially brownish-black; tegmina and wings dark orange or light reddish-brown, humeral sutures with dark brown stripe medially. Head smooth, postfrontal sutures indistinct, coronal suture present; posterior margin of head convex. Eyes small, essentially shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint long, depressed, and strongly keeled; second quadrate, and cylindrical; the rest elongate and slender. Pronotum longer than wide, lateral margins with posterior angles and margin broadly rounded; median longitudinal furrow present at prozona; the latter tumid, metazona flat. Tegmina and wings fully developed. Abdomen elongate, lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct. Ultimate tergite narrow, lateral margins convace; posterior margin elongated, with obtuse angles at the corners. Pygidium in dorsal view not visible. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 397) long and narrow, basal section widened, originating removed from each other; the widened portion long, slightly arcuate, dorsally with one minute (sometimes two) tooth each, inner margins finely dentate; this widened basal section projecting beyond median dividing line and terminating in a large inner tooth; forceps subsequently tapering and strongly incurving. Holotype without penis. Genitalia (Fig. 398, gen.prep. No. 1002, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN, deposited ar the Institut voor Taxonomische Zoologie, Amsterdam), of Timomenus-type; central parameral plate specific, lateral margins more or less parallel, virga within genital lobe characteristic, as in

Fig. 397 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Eutimomena paradoxa BEYBIENKO. A f t e r STEINMANN.

Fig. 398 Male genital armature of Eutimomena paradoxa BEY-BIENKO. Original.

Fig. 399 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Eutimomena paradoxa BEY-BIENKO. Original.

258 fig. 398; external parameres small, short and narrow. - Female very similar to male, but forceps (Fig. 399) simple, straight and very long. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 18-20 mm. Distribution: Vietnam, Sumatra, and Taiwan. 2.

Eutimomena valida

(STEINMANN)

comb.nov.

1982 Timomenus validus STEINMANN, Acta zool. hung., 28: 371; Fig. 20 (male ultimate tergite with forceps), 21 (genitalia of holotype). - Terra typica: Perak (Malaysia) (Type male, gen.prep. No. 772, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN: Termeszettudomanyi Muzeum, Budapest).

Description: Male shiny, head, central part of pronotum and legs black; lateral margins of pronotum yellowish; tegmina and wings reddish-brown, without humeral stripe; forceps dark red. Head tumid, rounded; postfrontal sutures indistinct, coronal sutures present; posterior margin of head convex. Eyes comparatively small, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae broken in holotype; first joint long, longer than the distance between antennal bases, and strongly depressed; second joint quadratic, the rest of the joints long, and slender. Pronotum a little longer than wide, slightly narrowed posteriorly, all margins rounded; median longitudinal furrow distinct. Tegmina and wings fully developed. Abdomen depressed, somewhat expanded medially, sides of the abdominal tergites without lateral tubercles or ridges; lateral glandular folds present on tergites 3-4. Ultimate tergite broad, smooth, simple. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 400) trigonal basally, with strongly dorsal keel basally, inner tooth prominent, with acute apices, apical part of forceps strongly curved. Genitalia (Fig. 401, gen.prep. No. 772, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) very broad;

Fig. 400 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Eutimomena valida (STEINMANN). After

Fig. 401 Holotype genital armature of Eutimomena valida (STEINMANN). After

STEINMANN.

STEINMANN.

259 central parameral plate expanded medially, anterior margin straight between external parameres; genitalia of Timomenus-type; virga within genital lobe sclerotized, without basal sac; external parameres small, short, and acicular. Female unknwon. - Length of body with forceps; 14,5 mm. Distribution: Malaysia. Genus 1865 Opisthocosmia

26:

Opisthocosmia

DOHRN

DOHRN, Stettiner ent. Ztg. 26: 76. - Type species: Opisthocosmia

centurio

DOHRN, 1 9 6 5 .

1900 Opisthocosmia 1907 Opisthocosmia

- BORMANS & KRAUSS, Das Tierreich, Berlin, 11: 93 (key to species). - BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. London, 1907: 99 (key to species).

Literature: BURR, 1901, 1910, 1 9 1 1 ; KIRBY, 1891, 1904; REHN, 1 9 2 4 ; SAKAI, 1973, 1982; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 7 5 , 1 9 8 9 ; TOWNES, 1 9 4 5 .

Description: Build slender; head tumid, with generally distinct sutures. Pronotum longer than wide, narrower than the head. First antennal joint long, longer than the distance between antennal bases; cylindrical in cross-section. Tegmina and wings well or fully developed, ample, rounded at the shoulders, not keeled. Legs long or very long, slender. Abdomen convex and moderately dilated, gently narrowed in the male. Ultimate tergite of male transverse, trapezoid, rather depressed, not strongly sloping. Male forceps widely separated at base, remote, slender, elongate and variously toothed. Distribution: Neotropical, and Oriental regions. 5 species (and 1 species in doubtful position). Identification key to the species 1

1' 2

2' 3 3' 4 4'

American species; male forceps not of Opisthocosmia-type, branches a little flattened at basal quarter, and median portion with specific crenulation on inner margins (Fig. 402); male genitalia without Opisthocosmia-lype virga (Fig. 403) 1. Opisthocosmia silvestris, p. 259 Oriental (and New Guinean) species; male forceps of Opisthocosmia-lype; branches elongated, slender, without flattened basal section 2 Male forceps without dorsal tooth on basal portion, but armed with apical teeth on inner margins (Fig. 404); male ultimate tergite with conspicuous dorsal spines laterally 2. Opisthocosmia tenuis, p. 261 Male forceps with sharp, smaller or larger dorsal tooth basally; male ultimate tergite without lateral spines dorsally 3 Outer margins of external parameres of the male genitalia broadly rounded (Fig. 407); dorsal tooth of male forceps large and acuminate (Fig. 406) 3. Opisthocosmia longipes, p. 262 Outer margins of external parameres of the male genitalia depressed; dorsal tooth of male forceps shorter 4 Dorsal tooth of male forceps directed inwards (Fig. 409); male genitalia comparatively short and broad, as in Fig. 410 4. Opisthocosmia cervipyga, p. 263 Dorsal tooth of male forceps directed backwards (Fig. 411); male genitalia elongate, as in Fig. 412 5. Opisthocosmia centurio, p. 264

1. Opisthocosmia silvestris MOREIRA 1930 Opisthocosmia silvestris MOREIRA, Bol. Inst. biol. Def. agr. Rio de Janeiro, 7: 31; fig. 8 (male in dorsal view). - Terra typica: Brazil (Type male: Inst. biol. Def. Agr., Rio de Janeiro).

259 central parameral plate expanded medially, anterior margin straight between external parameres; genitalia of Timomenus-type; virga within genital lobe sclerotized, without basal sac; external parameres small, short, and acicular. Female unknwon. - Length of body with forceps; 14,5 mm. Distribution: Malaysia. Genus 1865 Opisthocosmia

26:

Opisthocosmia

DOHRN

DOHRN, Stettiner ent. Ztg. 26: 76. - Type species: Opisthocosmia

centurio

DOHRN, 1 9 6 5 .

1900 Opisthocosmia 1907 Opisthocosmia

- BORMANS & KRAUSS, Das Tierreich, Berlin, 11: 93 (key to species). - BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. London, 1907: 99 (key to species).

Literature: BURR, 1901, 1910, 1 9 1 1 ; KIRBY, 1891, 1904; REHN, 1 9 2 4 ; SAKAI, 1973, 1982; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 7 5 , 1 9 8 9 ; TOWNES, 1 9 4 5 .

Description: Build slender; head tumid, with generally distinct sutures. Pronotum longer than wide, narrower than the head. First antennal joint long, longer than the distance between antennal bases; cylindrical in cross-section. Tegmina and wings well or fully developed, ample, rounded at the shoulders, not keeled. Legs long or very long, slender. Abdomen convex and moderately dilated, gently narrowed in the male. Ultimate tergite of male transverse, trapezoid, rather depressed, not strongly sloping. Male forceps widely separated at base, remote, slender, elongate and variously toothed. Distribution: Neotropical, and Oriental regions. 5 species (and 1 species in doubtful position). Identification key to the species 1

1' 2

2' 3 3' 4 4'

American species; male forceps not of Opisthocosmia-type, branches a little flattened at basal quarter, and median portion with specific crenulation on inner margins (Fig. 402); male genitalia without Opisthocosmia-lype virga (Fig. 403) 1. Opisthocosmia silvestris, p. 259 Oriental (and New Guinean) species; male forceps of Opisthocosmia-lype; branches elongated, slender, without flattened basal section 2 Male forceps without dorsal tooth on basal portion, but armed with apical teeth on inner margins (Fig. 404); male ultimate tergite with conspicuous dorsal spines laterally 2. Opisthocosmia tenuis, p. 261 Male forceps with sharp, smaller or larger dorsal tooth basally; male ultimate tergite without lateral spines dorsally 3 Outer margins of external parameres of the male genitalia broadly rounded (Fig. 407); dorsal tooth of male forceps large and acuminate (Fig. 406) 3. Opisthocosmia longipes, p. 262 Outer margins of external parameres of the male genitalia depressed; dorsal tooth of male forceps shorter 4 Dorsal tooth of male forceps directed inwards (Fig. 409); male genitalia comparatively short and broad, as in Fig. 410 4. Opisthocosmia cervipyga, p. 263 Dorsal tooth of male forceps directed backwards (Fig. 411); male genitalia elongate, as in Fig. 412 5. Opisthocosmia centurio, p. 264

1. Opisthocosmia silvestris MOREIRA 1930 Opisthocosmia silvestris MOREIRA, Bol. Inst. biol. Def. agr. Rio de Janeiro, 7: 31; fig. 8 (male in dorsal view). - Terra typica: Brazil (Type male: Inst. biol. Def. Agr., Rio de Janeiro).

260 Opisthocosmia silvestris - M A C H A D O , Bol. Mus. nac., Rio de Janeiro, ( N S ) Zool., 2 3 1 : 1; figs (male in dorsal view, pronotum, male ultimate tergite with forceps, and male genitalia). Literature: M E N O Z Z I , 1 9 3 2 ; RIBEIRO, 1 9 3 1 ; R E I C H A R D T , 1 9 7 1 ; S A K A I , 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 . 1962

Description: Male general colour dark brownish-red to brownish-black; scape light-brown, legs yellowish; lateral margins of pronotum lighter. Head tumid; postfrontal and coronal sutures present; posterior margin of head strongly emarginate in the middle. Eyes prominent, a little shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae 10-jointed (after MOREIRA); first joint typical, long, about as long as the distance between antennal bases; second transverse, the rest elongate, cylindrical. Pronotum longer than wide, but shorter than the typical form of Opisthocosmia-type; lateral margins more or less straight and parallel; posterior margin convex; median longitudinal furrow distinct. Tegmina and wings well developed, but comparatively short. Abdomen fusiform, somewhat depressed, and widened medially; lateral glandular folds on tergite 3 smaller, and on tergite 4 larger. Ultimate tergite transverse, simple; median portion somewhat depressed near posterior margin. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 402) characteristic, not of Opisthocosmia-type; basal part somewhat depressed, and median portion with specific crenulation on inner margins; apical part armed with a larger dorsal, and a smaller ventral, tooth. Genitalia (Fig. 403, gen.prep. No. 1007, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) conspicuous; central parameral plate normally developed, but slender and narrow; virga within genital lobe not of Opisthocosmia-type, as in Fig. 403; external parameres comparatively small and short. Female very similar to male, but forceps straight, tapering, contiguous, simple. Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 11-13 mm. Distribution: Brazil.

Fig. 402 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Opisthocosmia silvestris M O R E I R A . After MOREIRA.

Fig. 403 Male genital armature of Opisthocosmia silvestris M O R E I R A . Original.

261 2.

Opisthocosmia tenuis

HEBARD

1929 Opisthocosmia tenuis HEBARD, Trans. Am. ent. Soc.,55: 340; pi. 12, fig. 3 (male in dorsal view), 4 (female forceps). - Terra typica: Semangko (Malaysia) (Type male: Brit. Mus. nat. Hist., London). Literature: POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 .

Description: Male general colour dark brownish-black; tegmina and apices of wings showing a chocolate shade in some lights. Head comparatively small, globose, with two irregular impressions between the antennal sockets; postfrontal and coronal sutures deep; posterior margin of head faintly convex in the middle. Eyes distinct, prominent, about as long as the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint very long, essentially longer than the distance between antennal bases. Pronotum very small, decidedly longer than wide, lateral margins virtually parallel, posterior margin broadly convex; dorsal surface laterad deeply and rather broadly sulcate, a shallower and broader transverse sulcation meso-caudad, a very fine and weak longitudinal furrow which changes to a faint carina caudad. Tegmina and wings fully developed, the former very broad, pinched latero-cephalad towards shoulders, but without trace of a keel. Abdomen not depressed, expanding to 8th tergite; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 perfect. Ultimate tergite strongly transverse, declivent caudad with surface showing two adjacent low convexities mesad before a narrow submarginal impressed area, terminated on each side by a low, evenly rounded node, unarmed. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 404) very slender, and elongate, moderately divergent proximad, then becoming very gradually convergent to the

Fig. 404 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Opisthocosmia tenuis HEBARD. After HEBARD.

Fig. 405 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Opisthocosmia tenuis HEBARD. After HEBARD.

262 somewhat more incurved slender apices; apical part with two prominent but small teeth. - Female similar to male, but ultimate tergite with trisinuate posterior margin; forceps (Fig. 405) very slender, almost straight, very gradually convergent distad. - Length of body with forceps, male: 2 5 - 2 8 mm, female: 23-24 mm.

Distribution: Malay Peninsula. 3.

Opisthocosmia longipes

(DE

HAAN)

1842 Forficula longipes DE HANN, Verh. naturf. Ges. Nederl. Over. Bezitt.: 242; pi. 23, fig. 13 (male in dorsal view). - Terra typica: Sumatra (Type male: unknown locality). 1865 Opisthocosmia longipes - DOHRN, Stettiner ent. Ztg., 26: 81. 1910 Sarakas longipes - ZACHER, Beitr. Rev. Derm.: 17. 1911 Opisthocosmia longipes - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 92. Literature: BOESEMAN, 1 9 5 4 ; BORELLI, 1 9 2 6 ; BORMANS & KRAUSS, 1 9 0 0 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 .

Description: Male general colour dark brownish-black to black; antennae dark brown, but 7th joint whitish, except for a narrow brown ring basally; tegmina dark reddish-brown with a smaller yellowish patch anteriorly, and wings yellow but shaded in colour brownish humerally; legs uniformly brown. Head comparatively small, tumid; postfrontal and coronal sutures deep; frons with two prominent swellings; posterior margin of head emarginate in the middle. Eyes prominent, large, but a little shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint very long, essentially longer than the distance between antennal bases. Pronotum of Opisthocosmia-type, comparatively small, consider ably longer than wide; lateral margins narrowed posteriorly, more or less straight; posterior angles present, posterior margin somewhat angular; median longitudinal furrow distinct; prozona tumid, metazona flat. Tegmina and wings fully developed; tegmina considerably widened anteriorly and narrowed caudad. Legs very slender and long. Abdomen faintly depressed, narrowed anteriorly; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 comparatively small. Ultimate tergite transverse, simple, smooth. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 406) slender and long, basal portion with sharp dorsal edge and a large, acuminate dorsal tooth; median part cylindrical in cross-section, with a large ventral tooth; apical portion strongly curved with a prominent apical tooth, which is directed inwards. Genitalia (Fig. 4 0 7 , gen.prep. No. 1 0 0 5 , det. Dr. H. S T E I N M A N N ) conspicuous; central parameral plate elongate, strongly narrowed basally and expanded apically; virga within genital lobe very long, with a smaller but strongly sclerotized sac basally; external parameres specific, outer margins broadly rounded. - Female very similar to male, but forceps (Fig. 408) very slender, almost straight, and very grandually convergent distad. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 2 4 - 2 8 mm. Distribution: Philippine Islands, Indonesia: Sumatra, Java, Borneo, and New Guinea.

263

Fig. 406 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Opisthocosmis longipes (DE HAAN). Original.

Fig. 408 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Opisthocosmia longipes (DE HAAN). Original.

Fig. 407 Male genital armature of Opisthocosmia longipes (DE H A A N ) . Original.

4.

Opisthocosmia cervipyga

KIRBY

1891 Opisthocosmia cervipyga KIRBY, J. Linn. Soc. London. Zool., 2 3 : 523; pi. 12, fig. 12 (male in dorsal view), 12a (male forceps in lateral view). - Terra typica: Sarawak (Type male: Brit. Mus. Nat. Hist., London). Literature: BORMANS & KRAUSS, 1 9 0 0 ; BURR, 1 9 0 4 , 1 9 1 1 ; KIRBY, 1 9 0 4 ; RAMAMURTHI, 1 9 6 7 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 .

Description: Male very similar in external charcteristics to longipes (DE H A A N ) ; but general colour black; eyes red; occiput reddish-brown, tegmina and wings dull black, the latter very narrowly edged on the outside with reddish. Head comparatively small, vertex smooth; frons devirded by a deep channel running between the eyes; it, as well as the vertex, is slightly depressed on the median line. Eyes normally developed, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae with joints elongate; first joint very long, essentially longer than the distance between antennal bases, all joints brown, except joint 7 white but with a narrow basal ring. Pronotum of Opisthocosmia-type, comparatively small, longer than wide; lateral margins more or less straight, somewhat narrowed posteriorly. Tegmina and wings fully developed. Abdomen very finely punctured, narrow at the base, but widely expanded beyond, the first 4 segments tuberculated on the sides, the terminal segment with the extremity depressed, with 2 slight elevations at the base of the forceps, and the hind edge raised. Branches of forceps (Fig. 409) stout, raised, diverging, and then converging; with smaller dorsal tooth basally, a

264 sharp one medially, and a small one apically; the median and apical teeth directed somewhat ventrally. Genitalia (Fig. 410) comparatively large and broad; central parameral plate expanded apically; virga within genital lobe long with a larger basal sac; external parameres moderately large, obuse. - Female very similar to male, but forceps very slender, almost straight, and very gradually convergent distad. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 24 - 26 mm. Distribution: Indonesia: Borneo, and Philippine Islands: Palawan.

Fig. 409 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Opisthocosmia cervipyga KIRBY. After KIRBY.

5.

Fig. 410 Male genital armature of Opisthocosmia cervipyga KIRBY. Original.

Opisthocosmia centurio

DOHRN

1865 Opisthocosmia centurio D O H R N , Stettiner ent. Ztg, 2 6 : 79. - Terra typica: Luzon (Type male: unknown locality). 1 9 0 0 Opisthocosmia centurio - BORMANS & KRAUSS, Das Tierreich, Berlin, 1 1 : 9 5 ; fig. 36a (male in dorsal view), 36b (male forceps in lateral view), 36c (female forceps). 1954 Opisthocosmia centurio var. bidentata BOESEMAN, Zool. Verh., Leiden, 2 1 : 111; fig. 26c (male forceps), 26d (ditto, laterally). - Terra typica: Java (Type male: Rijksmus. nat. Hist., Leiden). L i t e r a t u r e : BORELLI, 1 9 3 2 ; BOESEMAN, 1 9 5 4 ; BURR, 1 9 0 4 , 1 9 1 1 ; KIRBY, 1 9 0 4 ; HEBARD, 1 9 2 3 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; SJOSTEDT, 1 9 3 3 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 .

Description: Male very similar in external characteristics to longipes (DE HAAN). Head reddish-brown; pronotum, and abdominal tergites dark brown to black; tegmina and wings brown, both tegmina with yellowish or sometimes dark reddish humeral patches, and wings yellow; forceps dark red. Head typical for the genus, comparatively small, postfrontal and coronal sutures distinct, frons dwirded by a deep channel running between the eyes; posterior margin of head emarginate in the middle. Eyes large, but a little shorter than the length of head

265 behind eyes. First antennal joint very long, essentially longer than the distance between antennal bases. Pronotum comparatively small; longer than wide, lateral margins straight and narrowed posteriorly; median longitudinal furrow distinct. Tegmina and wings fully developed. Abdomen somewhat depressed; lateral glandular folds on tergite 3 - 4 distinct. Ultimate tergite transverse, depressed medially near posterior margin. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 411) elongate, somewhat trigonal in cross-section basally, with a smaller dorsal tooth, which is directed backwards; median tooth large, directed ventrally, and branches with a smaller, but prominent, apical tooth. Genitalia (Fig. 412, gen. prep. No. 1006, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) of Opisthocosmia-type, specific; central parameral plate narrow and elongate, virga within genital lobe very long and widened basally; external parameres large, narrowed basally and apically, widened medially, apex obtuse. - Female similar to male, but forceps (Fig. 413) very slender, more or less straigt or somewhat curved medially. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 2 2 - 2 5 mm. Distribution: Philippine Islands, Thailand, Indonesia: Sumatra, Java, and Borneo.

tergite with forceps of Opisthocosmia centuno DOHRN. Original.

Fig. 412 Male genital armature of Opisthocosmia centuno DOHRN. Original.

Fig. 413 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Opisthocosmia centuno DOHRN. Original.

266 Doubtful position Opisthocosmia vigilans

(STAL)

1855 Forficula vigilans STAL, Ofvers. K. svenska Vetensk Akad. Forh., 12: 350. - Terra typica: Java (Type unknown). 1865 Opisthocosmia vigilans - DOHRN, Stettiner ent. Ztg. 26: 82.

Genus 27: Neoopisthocosmia, gen. nov. Species typica: Dinex geijskesi BRINDLE, 1968.

Description: Head comparatively large, frons tumid; sutures indistinct. First antennal joint long, but only a little longer than the distance between antennal bases. Pronotum tranverse. Tegmina and wings fully developed, lateral margins without longitudinal ridge or keel. Male ultimate tergite transverse, and posterior angles with finger-like spine laterally. Male forceps strongly depressed basally, and inner basal margin conspicuously serrated with a specific, sharp tooth, which is directed inwards (Fig. 414). Distribution: Surinam. Single species. 1.

Neoopisthocosmia geijskesi

(BRINDLE),

comb. nov.

1968 Dinex geijskesi BRINDLE, Stud. Fauna Surinam-Guyanas, 10 (36): 49; fig. 55 (male in dorsal view), 63 (genitalia of holotype). - Terra typica: Surinam (Type male: Rijksmus. nat. Hist., Leiden). 1969 Kleter geijskesi - BRINDLE, Entomologist's Month. Mag., 105: 113. 1971 Dinex geijskesi - REICHARDT, Pap. Avulsos zool. S. Paulo, 24 (12): 179. 1973 Kleter geijskesi - SAKAI, Dermapterorum Cat. Prael., Tokyo, 7: 23. L i t e r a t u r e : SAKAI, 1 9 8 2 .

Description: Male general colour dark reddish-brown; tegmina lighter in colour, wings partially yellow; male forceps dark red. Head tumid, broad, narrowing somewhat posteriorly, postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct; posterior margin straight. Eyes moderately large, about as long as the length of head behind eyes. Antennae 12-jointed; first joint long, about as long as the distance between antennal bases; second transverse; first joint black, joints 3 - 6 yellow, the rest dark brown; third joint about half the length of first; fourth slightly shorter than fifth. Pronotum transverse, smooth, lateral and posterior margins well rounded, blackish, but with wide lateral and posterior whitish borders. Tegmina smooth, twice as long as pronotum laterally, lateral keels absent; posterior margins concave. Wings yellow, with wide brown margins. Legs yellow, short, tibiae as long as femora; tarsi much shorter than tibiae. Abdomen dilated to segments 6 - 7 , then narrowed, cylindrical or almost so; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 prominent; surface punctate on segments 1 - 3 , remainder smooth; ultimate tergite transverse, smooth, slightly depressed

266 Doubtful position Opisthocosmia vigilans

(STAL)

1855 Forficula vigilans STAL, Ofvers. K. svenska Vetensk Akad. Forh., 12: 350. - Terra typica: Java (Type unknown). 1865 Opisthocosmia vigilans - DOHRN, Stettiner ent. Ztg. 26: 82.

Genus 27: Neoopisthocosmia, gen. nov. Species typica: Dinex geijskesi BRINDLE, 1968.

Description: Head comparatively large, frons tumid; sutures indistinct. First antennal joint long, but only a little longer than the distance between antennal bases. Pronotum tranverse. Tegmina and wings fully developed, lateral margins without longitudinal ridge or keel. Male ultimate tergite transverse, and posterior angles with finger-like spine laterally. Male forceps strongly depressed basally, and inner basal margin conspicuously serrated with a specific, sharp tooth, which is directed inwards (Fig. 414). Distribution: Surinam. Single species. 1.

Neoopisthocosmia geijskesi

(BRINDLE),

comb. nov.

1968 Dinex geijskesi BRINDLE, Stud. Fauna Surinam-Guyanas, 10 (36): 49; fig. 55 (male in dorsal view), 63 (genitalia of holotype). - Terra typica: Surinam (Type male: Rijksmus. nat. Hist., Leiden). 1969 Kleter geijskesi - BRINDLE, Entomologist's Month. Mag., 105: 113. 1971 Dinex geijskesi - REICHARDT, Pap. Avulsos zool. S. Paulo, 24 (12): 179. 1973 Kleter geijskesi - SAKAI, Dermapterorum Cat. Prael., Tokyo, 7: 23. L i t e r a t u r e : SAKAI, 1 9 8 2 .

Description: Male general colour dark reddish-brown; tegmina lighter in colour, wings partially yellow; male forceps dark red. Head tumid, broad, narrowing somewhat posteriorly, postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct; posterior margin straight. Eyes moderately large, about as long as the length of head behind eyes. Antennae 12-jointed; first joint long, about as long as the distance between antennal bases; second transverse; first joint black, joints 3 - 6 yellow, the rest dark brown; third joint about half the length of first; fourth slightly shorter than fifth. Pronotum transverse, smooth, lateral and posterior margins well rounded, blackish, but with wide lateral and posterior whitish borders. Tegmina smooth, twice as long as pronotum laterally, lateral keels absent; posterior margins concave. Wings yellow, with wide brown margins. Legs yellow, short, tibiae as long as femora; tarsi much shorter than tibiae. Abdomen dilated to segments 6 - 7 , then narrowed, cylindrical or almost so; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 prominent; surface punctate on segments 1 - 3 , remainder smooth; ultimate tergite transverse, smooth, slightly depressed

267 medially on posterior margin, and with a short longitudinal median sulcus. At each side of the ultimate tergite is a short projection. Penultimate sternite with posterior margin evenly rounded. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 414) characteristic; strongly depressed basally; inner margin of basal portion conspicuously serrated, with a large inner tooth; distal part of each branch sharply curved mesally, and of unequal thickness. Genitalia (Fig. 415, gen. prep. No. 709, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) inconspicuous; central parameral plate normally developed; virga within genital lobe of median size, with a sharp curvature basally; external parameres comparatively narrow, obtuse. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 11-13 mm. Distribution: Surinam.

Fig. 414 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Neoopisthocosmia geijskesi (BRINDLE). Original.

Fig. 415 Male genital armature of Neoopisthocosmia geijskesi (BRINDLE). Original.

Genus 28: Pareparchus

BURR

1911 Pareparchus BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 92. - Species typica: minuscula BORMANS, 1884. Literature: KAPOOR, 1 9 6 7 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA,

Opisthocosmia 1 9 7 6 ; TOWNES,

1945.

Description: Build small, slender. First antennal joint not very long, third barely half as long as first; head smooth and globose. Pronotum transverse, almost semicircular. Tegmina and wings ample, former not keeled. Legs slender; tarsi with first and third joints about equal, the second strongly dilated. Abdomen gently dilated about the middle and gently narrowed at the apex. Male ultimate tergite transverse, sloping, but slightly narrowed, nearly rectangular. Distribution: Oriental region. 2 species.

267 medially on posterior margin, and with a short longitudinal median sulcus. At each side of the ultimate tergite is a short projection. Penultimate sternite with posterior margin evenly rounded. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 414) characteristic; strongly depressed basally; inner margin of basal portion conspicuously serrated, with a large inner tooth; distal part of each branch sharply curved mesally, and of unequal thickness. Genitalia (Fig. 415, gen. prep. No. 709, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) inconspicuous; central parameral plate normally developed; virga within genital lobe of median size, with a sharp curvature basally; external parameres comparatively narrow, obtuse. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 11-13 mm. Distribution: Surinam.

Fig. 414 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Neoopisthocosmia geijskesi (BRINDLE). Original.

Fig. 415 Male genital armature of Neoopisthocosmia geijskesi (BRINDLE). Original.

Genus 28: Pareparchus

BURR

1911 Pareparchus BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 92. - Species typica: minuscula BORMANS, 1884. Literature: KAPOOR, 1 9 6 7 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA,

Opisthocosmia 1 9 7 6 ; TOWNES,

1945.

Description: Build small, slender. First antennal joint not very long, third barely half as long as first; head smooth and globose. Pronotum transverse, almost semicircular. Tegmina and wings ample, former not keeled. Legs slender; tarsi with first and third joints about equal, the second strongly dilated. Abdomen gently dilated about the middle and gently narrowed at the apex. Male ultimate tergite transverse, sloping, but slightly narrowed, nearly rectangular. Distribution: Oriental region. 2 species.

268 Identification key to the species 1

Male forceps more or less straight, basal portion with a blunt inner, or a small dorsal, teeth (Fig. 416); branches with a further, large, sharp tooth on the apical third 1. Pareparchus minusculus, p. 268 1' Male forceps gently curved, branches without basal and apical teeth, but with a large, curved spine-like tooth medially (Fig. 417) 2. Pareparchus pelvimeter, p. 269 1.

Pareparchus minusculus

(BORMANS)

Opisthocosmia minuscula BORMANS, Notes Leyden Mus., 6 : 1 9 0 . - Terra typica: Sumatra (Type female: unknown locality). 1907 Eparchus minusculus - BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. London, 1907: 102. 1911 Pareparchus minusculus - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122:92; pi. 8, fig. 12a (head and pronotum), 12b (antenna), 12c (tarsus), 12d (male forceps) (Borneo). Literature: BOESEMAN, 1954; BORMANS & KRAUSS, 1900; KIRBY, 1904; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1968; 1884

SAKAI, 1973, 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 .

Description: Male build small, slender. General colour dark reddish-brown; antennae brown, lateral margins of pronotum lighter; forceps reddish. Head rounded, tumid; postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct; posterior margin convex. Eyes comparatively large, about as long as the length of head behind eyes; prominent. First antennal joint not very long, about as long as the distance between antennal bases or sometimes a little shorter; second quadrate, third and fourth comparatively short. Pronotum transverse, almost semicircular, lateral and posterior margins broadly rounded, posterior angles entirely absent. Tegmina and wings ample, former not keeled; well developed. Legs slender, tarsi with fist and third joints about equal, the second strongly dilated. Abdomen gently dilated about the middle and gently narrowed at the apex; lateral glandular folds present on tergites 3 - 4 . Ultimate tergite transverse, sloping, but

Fig. 416 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Pareparchus minusculus (BORMANS). After BURR.

269 slightly narrowed, nearly rectangular; dorsal surface with three impressions medially and laterally. Branches of forceps (Fig. 416) subcontiguous, more or less straight; basal portion with a blunt inner tooth, which is directed somewhat upwards; inner margin of median part with some very small tubercles: a further, large, sharp tooth on the apical area. - Female very similar to male, but ultimate tergite smooth, simple, and forceps contiguous, straight, simple. - Length of body with forceps, in bots sexes: 10-13 mm. Distribution: Indonesia: Sumatra, and Borneo. 2. Pareparchus pelvimeter

HEBARD

1923 Pareparchus pelvimeter HEBARD, Mem. Dept. Agr. India, 7 (11): 236; pi. 21, fig. 28 (male in dorsal view). - Terra typica: India (Type male: HEBARD'S Collection, type No. 780). 1969 Pareparchus pelvimeter - KAPOOR, Entomologist, London, 102: 177; fig. (male genitalia). L i t e r a t u r e : BHARADWAJ & KAPOOR, 1 9 7 0 ; KAPOOR, 1 9 6 7 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 .

Description: Male head, abdomen and forceps shiny blackish-chestnut brown; antennae and tegmina dark chestnut brown; pronotum with prozona very dark, shiny brown, the lateral and caudal portions translucent honey yellow. Head weakly convex; postfrontal and coronal sutures sub-obsolate; posterior margin transverse with only a trace of a convexity on each side. Eyes small, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae with joints comparatively short, first as long as cheek, and a little shorter than the distance between antennal bases;

Fig. 417 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Pareparchus pelvimeter HEBARD. After

Fig. 418 Male genital armature of Pareparchus pelvimeter HEBARD. After

HEBARD.

KAPOOR.

270 second quadrate, third slightly more than twice as long as second; fourth as long as third. Pronotum transverse, semicircular; lateral and posterior margins broadly rounded; prozona weakly tumid, other portions deplanate. Tegmina and wings fully developed. Abdomen almost parallel-sided; lateral glandular folds of third tergite very small and poorly developed. Ultimate tergite transverse, sloping moderately caudad, the lateral margins showing very weak convergence caudad; surface impresso-punctulate, but with four narrow longitudinal smooth areas, very weakly tumid distad at bases of forceps, with posterior margin bluntly produced there, weakly concave between the bases and on each side with posterior margin there weakly concave. Branches of forceps (Fig. 417) evenly diverging to distal portions, which are curved inward so that the apices meet; armed just beyond area of contact with a very large, dorsal tooth, which is directed dorso-caudad, with base strongly longitudinal. Genitalia (Fig. 418) large and broad; central parameral plate well developed, virga within genital lobe very long, rather more than two and a half times longer than external parameres, coiled anteriorly and forming an angle with the basal sac; the sac forms a tubular structure, as in Fig. 418; external parameres large, with rounded apex. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 10-11 mm. Distribution: India. Genus 29: Prosadiya

HEBARD

1923 Prosadiya HEBARD, Mem. Dept. Agr. India, 7 (11): 233. - Species typica: Prosadiya

tricota

HEBARD, 1 9 2 3 .

Literature: KAPOOR,

1 9 6 7 ; POPHAM, 1 9 6 5 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 5 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA,

1 9 7 6 ; TOWNES, 1 9 4 5 .

Description: Size small for subfamily, form slender and showing no flattening, surface decidedly hirsute. Head with frons moderately and lateral portions of occiput decidedly tumid and separated by deep sutures. Pronotum medium small, length approximately the same as width, lateral margins weakly divergent caudad, so that the cephalic is appreciably less than the caudal width. Tegmina and wings fully developed. Abdomen with surface convex. Male forceps straight to the weakly incurved apices, without teeth. Distribution: India. Single species. 1. Prosadiya tricota HEBARD 1923 Prosadiya tricota HEBARD, Mem. Dept. Agr. India, 7 (11): 234; pi. 21, fig. 27 (male in dorsal view). - Terra typica: India (Type male: HEBARD'S Collection, type No. 778). Literature: BHARADWAJ & KAPOOR, 1 9 7 0 ; KAPOOR, 1 9 6 7 ; POPHAM, 1 9 6 5 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 .

Description: Male general colour yellowish-brown; head with frons and mouthparts blackish-chestnut brown, occiput cinnamon-rufous in sharp cont-

270 second quadrate, third slightly more than twice as long as second; fourth as long as third. Pronotum transverse, semicircular; lateral and posterior margins broadly rounded; prozona weakly tumid, other portions deplanate. Tegmina and wings fully developed. Abdomen almost parallel-sided; lateral glandular folds of third tergite very small and poorly developed. Ultimate tergite transverse, sloping moderately caudad, the lateral margins showing very weak convergence caudad; surface impresso-punctulate, but with four narrow longitudinal smooth areas, very weakly tumid distad at bases of forceps, with posterior margin bluntly produced there, weakly concave between the bases and on each side with posterior margin there weakly concave. Branches of forceps (Fig. 417) evenly diverging to distal portions, which are curved inward so that the apices meet; armed just beyond area of contact with a very large, dorsal tooth, which is directed dorso-caudad, with base strongly longitudinal. Genitalia (Fig. 418) large and broad; central parameral plate well developed, virga within genital lobe very long, rather more than two and a half times longer than external parameres, coiled anteriorly and forming an angle with the basal sac; the sac forms a tubular structure, as in Fig. 418; external parameres large, with rounded apex. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 10-11 mm. Distribution: India. Genus 29: Prosadiya

HEBARD

1923 Prosadiya HEBARD, Mem. Dept. Agr. India, 7 (11): 233. - Species typica: Prosadiya

tricota

HEBARD, 1 9 2 3 .

Literature: KAPOOR,

1 9 6 7 ; POPHAM, 1 9 6 5 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 5 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA,

1 9 7 6 ; TOWNES, 1 9 4 5 .

Description: Size small for subfamily, form slender and showing no flattening, surface decidedly hirsute. Head with frons moderately and lateral portions of occiput decidedly tumid and separated by deep sutures. Pronotum medium small, length approximately the same as width, lateral margins weakly divergent caudad, so that the cephalic is appreciably less than the caudal width. Tegmina and wings fully developed. Abdomen with surface convex. Male forceps straight to the weakly incurved apices, without teeth. Distribution: India. Single species. 1. Prosadiya tricota HEBARD 1923 Prosadiya tricota HEBARD, Mem. Dept. Agr. India, 7 (11): 234; pi. 21, fig. 27 (male in dorsal view). - Terra typica: India (Type male: HEBARD'S Collection, type No. 778). Literature: BHARADWAJ & KAPOOR, 1 9 7 0 ; KAPOOR, 1 9 6 7 ; POPHAM, 1 9 6 5 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 .

Description: Male general colour yellowish-brown; head with frons and mouthparts blackish-chestnut brown, occiput cinnamon-rufous in sharp cont-

271 rast. Tegmina brown, wings antimony yellow, broadly suffused with marsh brown in proximal half of sutural margin, head a little transverse; postfrontal and coronal sutures distinct; posterior margin straight. Eyes comparatively large, but a little shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint about as long as the distance between antennal bases, the rest of the joints comparatively short and cylindrical. Pronotum subquadrate, conspicuously narrowed anteriorly; lateral margins straight, posterior angles and margin broadly rounded. Abdomen comparatively short, strongly widened medially; lateral glandular fold of third tergite minute, of fourth tergite large. Ultimate tergite transverse, simple. Pygidium declivent, sloping ventro-caudad, narrow and fitting tightly between the branches of the forceps, with caudal face deplanate. Branches of forceps (Fig. 419) touching beyond the very narrowly separated bases, elongate, slender and straight to the very broadly incurved acute apices. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 10 mm. Distribution: India.

Fig. 419 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Prosadiy tricota HEBARD. After HEBARD.

Genus 30: Hypurgus 1907 Hypurgus

BURR, KIRBY, 1 8 9 1 .

Trans, ent. Soc. London,

1907:101.

BURR

- Species typica:

Opisthocosmiahumeralis

1910 Hypurgus - BURR, Fauna brit. India Derm.: 187 (key to the Indian species). 1911 Hypurgus - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 78 (in subfamily Forficulinae). 1911 Thalperus BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 92. - Species typica: Hypurgus kuhlgatzi BURR, 1 9 0 9 .

1923 Sadiya HEBARD, Mem. Dept. Agr. India, 7 (11): 230. - Species typica: Sadiya grata HEBARD, 1923. 1967 Hypurgus - BRINDLE, Ark. Zool. Uppsala, 2 0 (7): 161 (in subfamily Opisthocosmiinae). 1967 Thalperus - BRINDLE, Ark. Zool. Uppsala, 2 0 (7): 161 (proposed synonymy with Hypurgus BURR, 1907).

271 rast. Tegmina brown, wings antimony yellow, broadly suffused with marsh brown in proximal half of sutural margin, head a little transverse; postfrontal and coronal sutures distinct; posterior margin straight. Eyes comparatively large, but a little shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint about as long as the distance between antennal bases, the rest of the joints comparatively short and cylindrical. Pronotum subquadrate, conspicuously narrowed anteriorly; lateral margins straight, posterior angles and margin broadly rounded. Abdomen comparatively short, strongly widened medially; lateral glandular fold of third tergite minute, of fourth tergite large. Ultimate tergite transverse, simple. Pygidium declivent, sloping ventro-caudad, narrow and fitting tightly between the branches of the forceps, with caudal face deplanate. Branches of forceps (Fig. 419) touching beyond the very narrowly separated bases, elongate, slender and straight to the very broadly incurved acute apices. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 10 mm. Distribution: India.

Fig. 419 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Prosadiy tricota HEBARD. After HEBARD.

Genus 30: Hypurgus 1907 Hypurgus

BURR, KIRBY, 1 8 9 1 .

Trans, ent. Soc. London,

1907:101.

BURR

- Species typica:

Opisthocosmiahumeralis

1910 Hypurgus - BURR, Fauna brit. India Derm.: 187 (key to the Indian species). 1911 Hypurgus - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 78 (in subfamily Forficulinae). 1911 Thalperus BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 92. - Species typica: Hypurgus kuhlgatzi BURR, 1 9 0 9 .

1923 Sadiya HEBARD, Mem. Dept. Agr. India, 7 (11): 230. - Species typica: Sadiya grata HEBARD, 1923. 1967 Hypurgus - BRINDLE, Ark. Zool. Uppsala, 2 0 (7): 161 (in subfamily Opisthocosmiinae). 1967 Thalperus - BRINDLE, Ark. Zool. Uppsala, 2 0 (7): 161 (proposed synonymy with Hypurgus BURR, 1907).

272 1967 Hypurgus - KAPOOR, Agra Univ. J. Res. (Sci.), 16 (1): 29 (in subfamily Forficulinae). 1976 Hypurgus - SRIVATAVA, Misc. Publ. Occ., Calcutta, 2: 69 (in subfamily Forficulinae). 1976 Sadiya - SRIVASTAVA, Misc. Publ. Occ., Calcutta, 2: 69 (proposed synonymy with Hypurgus BURR, 1 9 0 7 ) .

1989 Hypurgus - STEINMANN, World Catalogue of Dermaptera, Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, p. 706 (in subfamily Opisthocosmiinae). L i t e r a t u r e : BRINDLE, 1 9 7 3 ; HINCKS, 1 9 4 7 , 1 9 5 4 ; POPHAM, 1 9 6 5 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; TOWNES, 1 9 4 5 .

Description: Head smooth and convex, postfrontal and coronal sutures not very well marked. Pronotum almost as wide as the head, concave posteriorly, lateral margins more or less parallel. Tegmina and wings normally or fully developed, sometimes tegmina shorter and wings concealed. Legs long, relatively slender. Abdomen fusiform, ultimate tergite narrow. Forceps with branches short, cylindrical, the branches of the male usually wider than those of the female, those of the latter contiguous, slender and straighter, the inner margins often dentated in male or unarmed; inner margins less dentated in famales, or almost completely smooth. Genitalia of Forficulid-type, with a slender virga, widened at base to form a reniform vesicle or sac, and with weakly sclerotized external parameres. Distribution: Widely distributed in the African, Malagasy, Oriental and IndoAustralian faunal regions. 9 species. Identification key to the species 2 1 African or Malagasy species 1' Oriental or Indo-Australian species 5 2 Pronotum strongly narrowed posteriorly; usually dark brown or blackisch species, legs yellow, apices of femora blackish; pronotum sometimes yellow, wings mainly yellow, lighter in colour than tegmina 1. Hypurgus poecibcerus, p. 273 2' Pronotum not strongly narrowed posteriorly; usually brown species or darker, tegmina often with a yellow longitudinal band, sometimes entirely black; wings when present similarly coloured to tegmina 3 3 Pronotum with lateral margins rounded; wings and tegmina normally developed 2. Hypurgus ova, p. 274 3' Pronotum with lateral margins straight, almost parallel-sided; tegmina shorter, wings sometimes concealed 4 4 Larger species, body length 13.5 mm, forceps 3.5 mm; basal portion of male forceps flattened; inner margins without tooth (Fig. 426) 3. Hypurgus sangus, p. 276 4' Smaller species, body length 10 mm, forceps 2 mm or shorter; basal portion of male forceps somewhat depressed, and inner margins with strong tooth apically (Fig. 427) 4. Hypurgus micheti, p. 276 5 Male forceps simple, straight, inner margins without apical tooth 6 5' Male forceps curved, with larger apical tooth 7 6 Posterior margin of male ultimate tergite broadly rounded (Fig. 430); inner margins of male forceps with a small tooth basally 5. Hypurgus uniformis, p. 278 6' Posterior margin of ultimate tergite transversely truncate (Fig. 431); inner margins of male forceps without tooth basally 6. Hypurgus grata, p. 279 7 Basal portion of male forceps flattened, inner margins of flattened part crenulated (Fig. 433); virga within male genital lobe comparatively short (Fig. 434) . . . . 7. Hypurgus discolor, p. 280 7' Basal portion of male forceps not flattened, but elliptical in cross-section; virga within male genital lobe comparatively long 8

273 8

Tegmina and wings uniformly brown or brownish-red; branches of male forceps strongly curved, as in Fig. 435; apices of external parameres of the male genitalia directed inwards (Fig. 436) 8. Hypurgus fulvus, p. 281 8' Tegmina and wings bicolour; branches of male forceps less curved, as in Fig. 438; apices of external parameres of the male genitalia directed forwards (Fig. 439) 9. Hypurgus humeralis, p. 282 1.

Hypurgus poecilocerus

(BORG)

1904 Ancistrogaster poecilocera BORG, Ark. Zool. Uppsala, 1: 576; pi. 16, fig. 8 (female in dorsal view). - Terra typica: Cameroon (Type female: Naturh. Riksmus., Stockholm) 1905 Opisthocosmia poecilocera - BURR, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (7) 4: 492 (male, Cameroon). 1916 Opisthocosmia poecilocera - BURR, J1 R. microsc. Soc., 1916: 15; pi. 4, fig. 2 (male genitalia). 1933 Ancistrogaster poecilocera - SJOSJEDT, Ark. Zool., Uppsala, 25a (14): 4. 1936 Sadiya poecilocera - RJEHN, Proc. Acad. nat. Sci. Philad., 88: 516 (proposed synonymy with Cordax formosus

(BURR, 1905).

1954 Thalperus poecilocerus - HINCKS, Mem. Inst. f. Afr. noire, 40 (2): 114; fig. 16 (pronotum). 1967 Hypurgus poecilocerus - BRINDLE, Ark. Zool., Uppsala, 20: 162. 1973 Hypurgus poecilocerus - BRINDLE, The Dermaptera of Africa, 1: 307; fig. 421 (male in dorsal view) (Ivory Coast). Literature: BRINDLE, 1966; BORELLI, 1907; BURR, 1907, 1911, 1912; HINCKS, 1954; HEBARD, 1923; SAKAI, 1973, 1982;

Description: Male head black, pronotum yellow or blackish; tegmina variable in colour from yellowish-brown to blackish; wings partially yellow; first antennal joint black, the rest brown, with one distal joint whitish (usually the ninth, tenth, or eleventh). Legs yellow, apices of femora conspicuously blackish. Cuticle of head, pronotum, tegmina and wings coriaceous, that of tegmina and wings with sparse short yellow hairs. Cuticle of abdomen rather strongly coriaceous, slightly

Fig. 420 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Hypurgus poecilocerus (BORG). Original.

Fig. 421 Male genital armature of Hypurgus poecilocerus (BORG). After BURR.

Fig. 422 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Hypurgus poecilocerus (BORG). Original.

274 punctate, sides of tergites 5 - 8 rugose but without lateral ridges. Head transverse, tumid, more or less smooth; posterior margin straight. Eyes large, but shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint slightly shorter than the distance between antennal bases. Pronotum transverse, strongly narrowed posteriorly; lateral and posterior margins convex. Tegmina and wings fully developed. Legs relatively long, rather slender. Abdomen fusiform, strongly narrowed to base and to apex; lateral glandular folds on third tergite small, those on fourth large. Ultimate tergite transverse, simple, with a smaller depression near posterior margin medially. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 420) elliptical in cross-section basally, cylindrical medially and apically, slightly sinuate, with a ventro-median tooth towards apex, the tooth sometimes being very small; branches close together at base. Genitalia (Fig. 421) broad and large; central parameral plate oval, virga within genital lobe long and slender with a typical curvature and sclerotized sac basally; external parameres large, obtuse. - Female similar to male, but ultimate tergite strongly narrowed apically and forceps (Fig. 422) with slender and almost straight branches, without a ventro-median tooth, branches contiguous. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 8 - 1 0 mm. Distribution: Equatorial Africa. 2. Hypurgus ova

(BORMANS)

1883 Neolobophora ova BORMANS, Annali Soc. ent. Belg., 27:80; pi. 3, fig. 16 (female in dorsal view). Terra typica: Madagascar (Type female: N a t u r h . Mus., Wien). 1900 Opisthocosmia hova - BORMANS & KRAUSS, Das Tierreich, Berlin, 11: 95. 1906 Opisthocosmia roccattii BORELLI, Boll. Musei Zool. Anat. comp. R. Univ., Torino, 21 (533): 2. Terra typica: Ibanda (Type male: Mus. 1st. Zool. sist. Univ., Torino). 1911 Thalperus hova - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 92. 1911 Thalperus roccattii - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 92. 1923 Thalperus inermis BORELLI, Revue Zool. Bot. afr., 11 (4): 4 3 1 . - T e r r a typica: Tanganyika (Type male: Mus. r. Afr. centr., Tervuren). 1954 Hypurgus hova - HINCKS, Mem. Inst. fr. Afr. noire, 40 (2): 114; fig. 14 (pronotum). 1954 Thalperus roccattii - HINCKS, Mem. Inst. fr. Afr. noire, 40 (2): 114 [proposed synonymy with ova (BORMANS, 1883)].

1973 Hypurgus ova- BRINDLE, The Dermaptera of Africa, 1: 309; fig. 422 (female forceps), 423 (male forceps) (Guinea, Ivory Coast, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Congo). 1973 Thalperus inermis - BRINDLE, The Dermaptera of Africa, 1: 309 [as synonym of ova (BORMANS, 1883)]. L i t e r a t u r e : BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 , 1 9 6 9 , 1 9 7 0 ; BURR, 1 9 0 7 , 1 9 0 8 ; HEBARD, 1 9 2 3 ; HINCKS, 1 9 5 5 ; HUXLEY, 1 9 6 8 ; KIRBY, 1 9 0 4 ; MORALES-AGACINO, 1 9 5 1 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 .

Description: Male generally reddish-or yellowish-brown, tegmina often with a yellow longitudinal median band and wings partially yellow, the tegminal band rather oblique, nearer the lateral margins anteriorly; uniformly brown specimens occur, and the colour is sometimes much darker, almost blackish specimens having been recorded; legs yellowish; antennae brown, one or more distal joints whitish (usually the tenth or eleventh). Cuticle of head, pronotum, wings and

275 tegmina coriaceous, on tegmina and wings rather sparse, but long, yellowish hairs are usually inconspicuous medially but more prominent laterally. Head transverse, tumid; lateral margins straight, posterior angles rounded and posterior margin slightly concave medially. Eyes comparatively small, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennal joints typical for the genus. Pronotum as wide as long or slightly transverse; lateral margins rounded and posterior margin convex. Tegmina and wings always present, sometimes fully developed but sometimes rather short. Abdomen more or less fusiform, somewhat variable, in some specimens the abdomen is greatly narrowed anteriorly and posteriorly, and often the median abdominal tergites are more or less telescoped; lateral glandular folds on third tergite small, those on fourth large. Ultimate tergite transverse, relatively small, with swellings above the base of each branch of the forceps. Forceps (Fig. 423) somewhat of Forficula-type\ elliptical in cross-section at base, cylindrical apically; inner margins often widening at base, forming a narrow flange which ends distally in a small tooth, or entirely simple. Genitalia (Fig. 424) normally developed; central parameral plate broad, oval; virga within genital lobe moderately wide and with a sclerotized basal sac; external parameres simple, obtuse. - Female similar to male, but ultimate tergite narrower, both branches of forceps (Fig. 425) elliptical in cross-section basally, cylindrical medially and apically; branches contiguous. Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 10-14 mm. Distribution: Equatorial Africa and Madagascar.

Fig. 423 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of

Fig. 424 Male genital armature of Hypurgus ova

Fig. 425 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of

Hypurgus

(BORMANS). A f t e r BRINDLE.

Hypurgus

Original.

ova (BORMANS).

Original.

ova

(BORMANS).

276 3.

Hypurgus sangus

(REHN)

1936 Thalperus sanga REHN, Proc. Acad. nat. Sci. Philad., 88:522; fig. 8 (male in dorsal view), 9 (male abdominal end with forceps in lateral view). - Terra typica: Congo (Type male, type No. 5555: Acad. nat. Sci., Philadelphia). 1967 Hypurgus sanga - BRINDLE, Ark. Zool. Uppsala, 20 (7): 112. L i t e r a t u r e : BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 , 1 9 7 3 ; HINCKS, 1 9 5 4 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 .

Description: Male general colour ochraceous orange; head darker, tegmina brown, broadly bordered along sutural margin and with the whole of the deflected external field fuscous; abdomen chestnut. Head cordiform, tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures faintly marked; posterior margin convex in the middle. Eyes normally developed, prominent, but a little shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint about as long as the distance between antennal bases. Pronotum subquadrate, greatest width faintly more than greatest length; lateral margins regularly weak arcuate, rather narrowly passing to the equally weak arcuate posterior margin. Tegmina normally developed, sometimes a little shorter, wings present or not evident. Abdomen moderately depressed, fusiform, greatest width across sixth and seventh tergites nearly equal to one and one-half times that across the abdominal base. Lateral glandular folds on tergites. 3 - 4 pliciform. Ultimate tergite trapezoidal, subtransverse, proximally 1.5 times as wide as along middle line long. Pygidium very narrow, almost hidden between the forceps bases. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 426) slightly tapering and subparallel in the proximal two-thirds, then slightly flattened and regularly arcuate inwards. Inner margins of forceps finely and regularly crenulato-denticulate in proximal three-fifths. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 16-17 mm. Distribution: Congo Republic.

Fig. 426 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Hypurgus sangus (REHN. After REHN).

4.

Hypurgus micheli

(BURR)

1904 Opisthocosmia micheli BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. London. 1904: 307. - Terra typica: Abyssinia (Type male: Mus. nation. Hist, nat., Paris).

277 1909 Hypurgus kuhlgatzi BURR, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (8) 4: 116. - Terra typica: Togo (Type male: Mus. Naturkunde, Berlin). 1911 Hypurgus micheli- BURR, Annls S. Afr. Mus., 10: 16 (Rhodesia). 1911 Thalperus micheli - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 92. 1973 Hypurgus micheli - BRINDLE, The Dermaptera of Afrika, 1: 310; fig. 424 (male genitalia) (Congo, Tanzania, Rhodesia). 1973 Hypurgus kuhlgatzi - BRINDLE, The Dermaptera of Africa, 1: 312 [as synonym of micheli (BURR, 1904)]. Literature: BORELLI, 1923; BRINDLE, 1968, 1969; BURR, 1912; HINCKS, 1948, 1953, 1954, 1957; MENOZZI, 1935; REHN, 1924; SAKAI, 1973, 1982.

Description: Male almost completely blackish, but tegmina brown with a yellowish stripe or with a yellow spot; the tegmina may also be unicolorous. Head somewhat transverse, tumid; postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct; posterior margin concave in the middle. Eyes prominent, about as long as the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint normally developed, about as long as the distance between antennal bases; second quadrate, third somewhat longer than fourth. Pronotum more or less as long as wide; lateral margins parallel, faintly convex; posterior angles with posterior margin rounded; median longitudinal furrow present. Tegmina and wings fully developed. Abdomen fusiform, narrowed basally and apically; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct. Ultimate tergite sloping, narrowed apically and lateral margins concave; posterior margin trisinuate. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 427) variable, from a form with simple branches to forms with wider branches, with these usually having the basal half flattened to form an inner flange, the distal slender part

Fig. 427 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Hypurgus

Original.

micheli

(BURR).

Fig. 428 Male genital armature of Hypurgus micheli (BURR). After

Fig. 429 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of

BRINDLE.

Original.

Hypurgus

micheli

(BURR).

278 often being curved distally. Genitalia (Fig. 428) broad and oval; central parameral plate normally developed, virga within genital lobe long, with Hypurgus-type curvature and sclerotized sac basally; external parameres large and obtuse. - Female very similar to male, but forceps (Fig. 429) slender, straight, tapering, and simple. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes:. 12 mm. Distribution: West-Central Africa, from Guinea and Sierra Leone eastwards to the Congo, North-east to Ethiopia, and Southern Rhodesia. 5.

Hypurgus uniformis

BORELLI

1923 Hypurgus uniformis BORELLI, Boll. Musei Zool. Anat. comp. R. Univ. Torino, 38 (13): 18. Terra typica: Mindanao (Type male: Mus. 1st. Zool. sist. Univ., Torino), L i t e r a t u r e : BORELLI, 1 9 3 2 , SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 .

Description: Male general dark brownish-black; lateral margins of pronotum yellowish; legs lighter brown; forceps a little reddish. Head rounded; frons tumid; postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct; posterior margin of head concave in the middle. Eyes normally developed, somewhat shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae 10-jointed (after BORELLI); first joint long, about as long as the distance between antennal bases. Pronotum almost as wide as the head, concave posteriorly, lateral margins more or less parallel. Tegmina and wings well developed. Abdomen fusiform, narrowed basally and apically; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct. Ultimate tergite transverse, tumid, posterior margin broadly rounded. Branches of forceps (Fig. 430) not of Hypurgus-type, straight, simple, without inner teeth; a little depressed, strongly elliptical in cross-section basally and medially, cylindrical apically. - Female very similar to male, but forceps slenderer, tapering, contiguous. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 11-13 mm. Distribution: Philippine Islands: Mindanao, and Malaysia.

Fig. 430 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Hypurgus uniformis BORELLI. Original.

279 6.

Hypurgus grata

(HEBARD)

1923 Sadiya grata HEBARD, Mem. Dept. Agr. India, 7(11): 232; fig. 25 (male in dorsal view). - Terra typica: Assam (Type male, type No. 777: HEBARD'S Collection). 1970 Sadiya grata - BHARADWAJ & KAPOOR, Entomologist, London, 101: 276 [incorrect synonymy w i t h humeralis

(KIRBY, 1891)].

1976 Hypurgus grata - SRIVASTAVA, Misc. Pub. Occ., Calcutta, 2: 69. 1982 Sydiya grata - SAKAI, Bull. Daito Bunka Univ., Tokyo, 20: 46. Literature: HINCKS, 1 9 4 7 , 1954; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1968; SAKAI, 1973.

Description: Male head, pronotum and abdomen kaiser brown, the pronotum darker caudad, due to its translucence there and the darker colour of the tegmina beneath. Exposed portion of wings chestnut brown in internal half, antimony yellow in external half. Head longer than wide, frons faintly depressed; postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct; posterior margin more or less straight. Eyes large, about as long as the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint about as long as the distance between antennal bases. Pronotum comparatively small, lateral margins convergent caudad and almost straight, showing very weak convexity, rounding into the moderately convex posterior margin. Tegmina and wings fully developed; width of each tegmen slightly greater than greatest width of pronotum. Abdomen fusiform; tergites very minutely tuberculose laterad, except ultimate tergite which is smooth and polished, weakly tumid above the forceps with area between impressed, its posterior margin showing very weak concavity mesad. Forceps (Fig. 431) sub-attingent, showing a weak bisinuation with acute apices overlapping when in normal position; dorsal surface weakly convex; inner margins without teeth. - Female very similar to male, but forceps (Fig. 432) decidedly slenderer, separated by a narrow space and straight to the weakly incurved apices. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 10-12 mm. Distribution: India.

Fig. 431 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Hypurgus grata (HEBARD). After HEBARD.

Fig. 432 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Hypurgus grata (HEBARD). Original.

280 7.

Hypurgus discolor

STEINMANN

1983 Hypurgus discolor STEINMANN, Zool. Zh., Moscow, 62: 1746; fig. 1 (holotype ultimate tergite with forceps), 2 (holotype genital armature, gen. prep. No. 760, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN). - T e r r a typica: Vietnam (Type male: Zool. Inst. Mus. Acad. Sci. USSR, Leningrad).

Description: Male colour various, head yellowish-brown, antennae light brown, unicolourous; pronotum brown, but yellowish laterally; tegmina brown with humeral yellowish tint, wings brown, with a greater basal and smaller apical patch; legs light yellow, abdomen dark brown, and forceps yellow. Head rounded, postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct; posterior margin faintly concave in the middle. Eyes comparatively large, but a little shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint long, a little longer than the distance between antennal bases; second joint quadrate, the rest longer than wide. Pronotum more or less as long as wide; lateral margins parallel, posterior margin rounded; median longitudinal furrow distinct. Tegmina and wings fully developed. Abdomen simple, somewhat expanded medially; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 present, distinct. Ultimate tergite transverse, faintly depressed medially near posterior margin. Forceps (Fig. 433) well developed, basal portion flattened, somewhat of Forficula-type, inner margins of flattened part crenulated; median part elliptical in cross-section with a large inner tooth and apical portion cylindrical, strongly curved and hooked. Genitalia (Fig. 434), gen. prep. No. 7 6 0 , det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) broad; central parameral plate large, virga within genital lobe elongate, somewhat widened basally; external parameres broad, obtuse apically. - Female very similar to male, but forceps simple, cylindrical, tapering. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 1 0 . 5 - 1 1 mm. Distribution: Vietnam.

Fig. 433 Holotype ultimate tergite with forceps of Hypurgus discolor STEINMANN. After

Fig. 434 Holotype genital armature of Hypurgus discolor STEINMANN. After

STEINMANN.

STEINMANN.

281 8.

Hypurgus fulvus

BURR

1911 Hypurgus fulvus BURR, Stettiner ent. Ztg., 72: 341. - Terra typica: Sumatra (Type male: Naturhist. Riksmus., Stockholm (?)). 1911 Hypurgus fulvus - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 78; pi. 7, fig. 12 (male in dorsal view). Literature: BRINDLE, 1 9 6 7 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 .

Description: Male general colour dark reddish-brown; median part of pronotum darker, legs lighter brown. Head large, cordiform, frons faintly tumid; postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct; eyes large, prominent, but a little shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint long, about as long as the distance between antennal bases, or sometimes a little longer. Pronotum about as long as wide, lateral margins more or less straight and converging posteriorly; posterior margin somewhat angular; median longitudinal furrow distinct; prozona strongly tumid, metazona deplanate. Tegmina and wings fully developed, typical. Abdomen somewhat depressed, tergites with faint punctures; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 prominent. Lateral sides of abdominal tergites with abtuse carina. Ultimate tergite transverse, depressed dorsally near posterior margin. Pygidium not visible in dorsal view. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 435) strongly curved, basal part somewhat depressed, but branches cylindrical medially and apically; apical part with a large tooth on inner margin, the tooth directed inwards. Genitalia (Fig. 436, gen. prep. No. 5, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN from New Guinea) with characteristic external parame-

Fig. 435 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Hypurgus fulvus BURR. Original.

Fig. 436 Male genital armature of Hypurgus fulvus BURR. Original.

Fig. 437 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Hypurgus fulvus BURR. Original.

282 res, apices of external parameres directed inwards; central parameral plate broad, widened apically and strongly narrowed basally; virga within genital lobe very long, with strongly sclerotized plate basally. - Female similar to male in general characteristics, but forceps (Fig. 437) somewhat undulate, branches cylindrical medially and apically and somewhat depressed basally; inner margins without teeth. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 16-19 mm. Distribution: Philippine Islands, Burma, Indonesia: Sumatra, and New Guinea. 9. Hypurgus humeralis (KIRBY) 1891 Opisthocosmia humeralis KIRBY, J. Linn. Soc. London. Zool., 23: 523. - Terra typica: Ceylon (Type female: brit. Mus. nat. Hist., London). 1907 Hypurgus humeralis - BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. London. 1907: 101. 1910 Hypurgus humeralis - BURR, Fauna brit. India Derm.: 188, fig. 68 (male in dorsal view). 1911 Hypurgus humeralis var. vittatus BURR, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 7(11): 799. - Terra typica: India (Type unknown). 1916 Hypurgus humeralis - BURR, J1 R. microsc. Soc., 1916: 14; pi. 3, fig. 6 (male genitalia). L i t e r a t u r e : BEY-BIENKO, 1 9 5 9 ; BORELLI, 1 9 3 1 ; BRINDLE, 1 9 6 7 ; BURR, 1 9 1 1 ; HINCKS, 1 9 4 7 ; KAPOOR, 1 9 6 7 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 .

Description: Male build rather stout; general colour deep chestnut with orange-red spots; head shiny orange red, smooth; pronotum deep reddish brown with sides broadly orange, sometimes yellowish-brown; tegmina deep brown, with a prominent oval orange or yellow spot at the shoulders. Wings with basal half of scale bright orange red, apical half deep brown. Abdomen and forceps dark reddish-brown. Head comparatively small, tumid; postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct; posterior margin concave. Eyes prominent, large, but somewhat shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint comparatively short, somewhat shorter than the distance between antennal bases; second transverse, third and fourth rather short, about equal in length, the fifth and following distinctly longer. Pronotum about as long as wide, comparatively small; lateral margins more or less parallel or very gently convex, posterior margin broadly rounded; median longitudinal furrow present. Tegmina and wings fully developed, ample, smooth, tegmina well rounded at the shoulders, truncate posteriorly. First tarsal joint longer than the second and third combined. Abdomen widest about the middle and narrowed apically, especially in the female; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 very distinct. Ultimate tergite ample, smooth, sloping and narrowed posteriorly; posterior margin trisinuate, angles rounded, tumid over the roots of the forceps. Branches of forceps (Fig. 438) less curved, nearly contiguous at the base, stout, rather depressed in the basal third, which is straight and crenulate along the inner margin; then attenuate and arched gently inwards to a sharp strong tooth on the inner margin. Genitalia (Fig. 4 3 9 , gen. prep. No. 4 2 , det. Dr. H. STEINMANN from India) well developed; central parameral plate elongate, oval, virga within genital

283

Fig. 438 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Hypurgus humeralis (KIRBY). Original.

Fig. 439 Male genital armature of Hypurgus humeralis (KIRBY). Original.

lobe very long and associated with a well-sclerotized plate basally; external parameres typical, obtuse apically. - Female very similar to male, but forceps contiguous, simple, very slender, and rather long. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 7.5-13 mm. Distribution: China: Yunnan, India, Sri Lanka, Burma, Thailand. Vietnam, and Indonesia: Borneo. Genus 31: Timomenus BURR 1907 Timomenus BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. London, 1907: 96. - Species typica: Opisthocosmia oannes BURR, 1900 (for subfamily Anechurinae). 1907 Rhadamanthus BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. London. 1907: 121. - Species typica: Forficula lobophoroides DOHRN, 1865 (for subfamily Eparchinae). 1909 Timomenus - BURR, Dt. ent. Z., 1909: 327 (transferrence to subfamily Opisthocosmiinae). 1968 Timonenus - BRINDLE, Entomologist's month. Mag., 104: 243 (revision, and key to species). 1982 Timomenus - STEINMANN, Acta zool. hung., 28: 362 (revision, and key to species). 1982 Rhadamanthus - STEINMANN, Acta zool. hung., 28: 362 (proposed synonymy with Timomenus BURR, 1907).

1989 Timomenus - STEINMANN, World Catalogue of Dermaptera, Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, p. 7 2 4 . Literature: BEY-BIENKO, 1 9 3 6 ; BURR, 1 9 1 0 , 1 9 1 1 ; KAPOOR, 1 9 6 7 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 ; SHIRAKI, 1 9 2 8 ; TOWNES, 1 9 4 5 .

Description: Slender, yellowish brown to brownish-black species. Head depressed at vertex; postfrontal and coronal sutures present. Antennae with slender joints; first joint comparatively long, gibbous or normally developed and cylindrical; fourth joint more or less longer than joint 3, but never shorter. Mesosternum quadratic, about as long as wide. Tegmina and wings normally developed; tegmina without lateral longitudinal keels, and as in other genera of

283

Fig. 438 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Hypurgus humeralis (KIRBY). Original.

Fig. 439 Male genital armature of Hypurgus humeralis (KIRBY). Original.

lobe very long and associated with a well-sclerotized plate basally; external parameres typical, obtuse apically. - Female very similar to male, but forceps contiguous, simple, very slender, and rather long. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 7.5-13 mm. Distribution: China: Yunnan, India, Sri Lanka, Burma, Thailand. Vietnam, and Indonesia: Borneo. Genus 31: Timomenus BURR 1907 Timomenus BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. London, 1907: 96. - Species typica: Opisthocosmia oannes BURR, 1900 (for subfamily Anechurinae). 1907 Rhadamanthus BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. London. 1907: 121. - Species typica: Forficula lobophoroides DOHRN, 1865 (for subfamily Eparchinae). 1909 Timomenus - BURR, Dt. ent. Z., 1909: 327 (transferrence to subfamily Opisthocosmiinae). 1968 Timonenus - BRINDLE, Entomologist's month. Mag., 104: 243 (revision, and key to species). 1982 Timomenus - STEINMANN, Acta zool. hung., 28: 362 (revision, and key to species). 1982 Rhadamanthus - STEINMANN, Acta zool. hung., 28: 362 (proposed synonymy with Timomenus BURR, 1907).

1989 Timomenus - STEINMANN, World Catalogue of Dermaptera, Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, p. 7 2 4 . Literature: BEY-BIENKO, 1 9 3 6 ; BURR, 1 9 1 0 , 1 9 1 1 ; KAPOOR, 1 9 6 7 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 ; SHIRAKI, 1 9 2 8 ; TOWNES, 1 9 4 5 .

Description: Slender, yellowish brown to brownish-black species. Head depressed at vertex; postfrontal and coronal sutures present. Antennae with slender joints; first joint comparatively long, gibbous or normally developed and cylindrical; fourth joint more or less longer than joint 3, but never shorter. Mesosternum quadratic, about as long as wide. Tegmina and wings normally developed; tegmina without lateral longitudinal keels, and as in other genera of

284 the Opisthocosmiinae. Forceps without or with tooth or teeth on dorsal or inner margins. Male genitalia characteristic, external parameres of central parameral plate extremely narrow and acicular, enclosed unpaired genital lobe very wide, at least five times wider than greatest width of external parameres. Distribution: Mainly distributed in mountainous regions extending from Northern Korea through Southern China, Taiwan, Vietnam, Northern India to Borneo. 23 species.

Identification key to the species 1

Ultimate tergite of male with two larger or smaller prominent tubercles, directed backwards at posterior margin 2 1' Ultimate tergite of male without spines posteriorly. Inner margins of male forceps without or with dorsal or inner teeth or tooth 4 2 Dark brownish-black species; tibiae dark brown, femora yellow except apical end, brown. Posterior tubercles of male ultimate tergite large (Fig. 440), forceps stout, the inner margins without ventral crenulation. Male genitalia as in Fig. 441 1. Timomenus bicuspis, p. 286 2' Light yellowish species; tibiae and femora unicolorous, yellow. Posterior tubercles of male ultimate tergite small (Fig. 442), forceps slender, trigonal basally and medially, inner margins with central crenulation. Male genitalia as in Fig. 443 2. Timomenus jacobsoni, p. 287 3 Male forceps slender, elongated, but unarmed, not of Timomenus-type, inner margins without dorsal or inner tooth 4 3' Male forceps of Timomenus-type, with one dorsal or inner tooth or with two dorsal and inner teeth 5 4 Male forceps with very long, slender branches; inner margins simple, smooth, without fine tuberculations. Body brownish-black, mat. Ultimate tergite with lateral spines on dorsal surface (Fig. 444) 3. Timomenus inermis, p. 288 4' Male forceps stout, with fine tuberculations in basal half (Fig. 445). Body black with bluish-green sheen. Ultimate tergite smooth on dorsal surface. Male genitalia characteristic (Fig. 446) virga within genital lobe with specific basal section 4. Timomenus josephi, p. 289 5 Male forceps with one dorsal or inner tooth 6 5' Male forceps with dorsal and inner teeth 17 6 Male forceps with one dorsal tooth, but without inner tooth on median or basal sections 7 6' Male forceps with on inner tooth, but without dorsal tooth 11 7 Dorsal tooth of the male forceps is near midpoint 8 7' Dorsal tooth of the male forceps is in basal position 10 8 General colour dark reddish-brown. Ultimate tergite broad, forceps (Fig. 448) strongly curved, dorsal tooth comparatively small. Male genitalia as in Fig. 449 5. Timomenus shelfordi, p. 290 8' General colour shiny black. Pronotum about as long as wide or transverse 9 9 Pronotum about als long as wide, rectangular; dorsal tooth of male forceps comparatively large, as in Fig. 451. Virga within male genital lobe narrow, as in Fig. 452 6. Timomenus bicostatus, p. 291 9' Pronotum transverse; dorsal tooth of male forceps comparatively small, as in Fig. 454. Virga within male genital lobe broad and strongly sclerotized, as in Fig. 455 7. Timomenus longiforceps, p. 293 10 Head reddish-brown, pronotum dark brown, wings and abdomen reddish. Male forceps (Fig. 456) very similar to vicinus (BURR), as in Fig. 457; dorsal tooth of male forceps blunt, larger. Distributed in South China 8. Timomenus unidentatus, p. 294 10' Head black, pronotum brown except lateral margins, yellow; wings and abdomen reddish-

285 brown. Male forceps with dorsal tooth, the latter smaller than in unidentatus BORELLI. Distributed in Borneo 9. Timomenus vicinus, p. 295 11 Pronotum narrowed posteriorly 12 11' Pronotum not narrowed posteriorly 15 12 Virga within genital lobe of male genitalia with large, bifurcated basal vesicle 13 12' Virga within genital lobe of male genitalia with or without basal vesicle, the latter not bifurcated 14 13 Dark brownish-black species; head red or dark reddish-black. First antennal joint long and cylindrical. Male forceps (Fig. 458) more or less parallel along basal half. External parameres comparatively long, as in Fig. 459 10. Timomenus lobophoroides, p. 295 13' Light brownish-yellow species; head yellowish. First antennal joint gibbous. Male forceps (Fig. 461) expanded on basal half, as in figure. External parameres comparatively short, as in Fig. 462 11. Timomenus morsus, p. 297 14 Male forceps very long, slender and comparatively straight (Fig. 463); external parameres of male genitalia moderately short and small (Fig. 464) 12. Timomenus iteratus, p. 298 14' Male forceps shorter, as in Fig. 465; external parameres of male genitalia moderately long and large (Fig. 466) 13. Timomenus haddeni, p. 299 15 Basal part of inner margins of male forceps straight, more or less parallel; inner tooth as in Fig. 467. Male genitalia (Fig. 468) specific, virga within genital lobe sclerotized and strongly curved 14. Timomenus pieli, p. 300 15' Basal part of inner margins of male forceps not parallel, diverging at inner teeth 16 16 Branches of male forceps very similar to aeris (SHIRAKI), but comparatively shorter, as in Fig. 469. Distributed in Borneo 15. Timomenus ares, p. 301 16' Branch of male forceps very similar to ares (BURR), but comparatively longer, as in Fig. 470. Distributed in Taiwan 16. Timomenus aeris, p. 302 17 Pronotum narrowed posteriorly 18 17' Pronotum not narrowed posteriorly 21 18 Dorsal tooth of male forceps very small, as in Fig. 472; branches comparatively straight and more or less parallel on basal and medial portions 17. Timomenus robustus, p. 303 18' Dorsal tooth of male forceps well developed, sharp; branches somewhat depressed and curved basally and medially 19 19 Sides of abdominal tergites 6 - 8 with blunt, but well-marked lateral spines. Male forceps with prominent dorsal keel and tooth basally (Fig. 474). Virga within genital lobe of male genitalia specific, S-shaped (Fig.475) 18. Timomenus nevilli, p. 304 19' Sides of abdominal tergites 6 - 8 without lateral spines. Virga within genital lobe with specific curvature, of Timomenus-type 20 20 Dark brown species, body uniformly unicolorous. Male forceps with a prominent basal curve when seen from the side, both branches with a strong dorsal tooth and a smaller inner tooth (Fig. 477). Male genitalia widened apically, virga typical, strongly sclerotized basally (Fig. 478) 19. Timomenus lugens, p. 305 20' Black species, except tegmina orange, and wings brown. Male forceps without a basal curve when seen from the side, both branches with a strong dorsal and a smaller inner tooth (Fig. 479). Male genitalia narrowed apically, virga typical, as in Fig. 480 20. Timomenus aesculapius, p. 306 21 Smaller species, body length without forceps about 12 mm. Male forceps rather straight basally, more strongly curved on apical half, both branches with a dorsal and a much smaller inner tooth, sometimes with two inner teeth (Fig. 481). External parameres of male genitalia very long, as in Fig. 482 21. Timomenus oannes, p. 307 21' Larger species, body length without forceps 13,5 to 15,5 mm. External parameres of male genitalia comparatively short and small 22 22 Pronotum slightly longer than wide or about the same median section of male forceps with a smaller dorsal and a smaller inner tooth (Fig. 483); male genitalia as in Fig. 484 22. Timomenus sinuatus, p. 309 22' Pronotum with greatest width slightly more than the greatest length; dorsal tooth larger at basal portion, and inner margin with a prominent, but small tooth medially (Fig. 485); male genitalia as in Fig. 486 23. Timomenus komarovi, p. 310

286 1. I860

1900 1904 1907 1982

Timomenus bicuspis

(STAL)

Forficula bicuspis STAL, Eugenies Resa Ins.: 3 0 1 . - Terra typica: Java (Type male, gen. prep. No. 781, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN: Termeszettudomanyi Muzeum, Budapest). Apterygida bicuspis - BORMANS & KRAUSS, Das Tierreich, Berlin, 11: 114. Sphingolabis bicuspis - KIRBY, Syn. Cat. Orth., 1: 46. Timomenus bicuspis - BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. London. 1907: 96. Timomenus bicuspis - STEINMANN, Acta zool. hung., 28: 364; fig. 1 (male ultimate tergite with forceps), 2 (male genitalia, gen. prep. No. 781, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN).

Literature: BORELLI, 1 9 2 6 ; BRINDLE, 1968; BURR, 1 9 1 1 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; SJOSTEDT, SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 , 1 9 8 2 .

1933;

Description: Male very dark; head and central portion of pronotum, black, body brownish-black, tegmina brown, but femora yellow except at apical portion. Head broad, large, frons tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct; posterior margin concave in the middle. Eyes comparatively small, but prominent, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint cylindrical, well developed, but a little shorter than the distance between antennal bases; second quadrate, the rest typical. Pronotum more or less as long as wide, lateral margins with posterior margin broadly rounded; prozona tumid, metazona flattened; median longitudinal furrow distinct. Tegmina and wings complete. Abdomen oval, somewhat depressed; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 present. Ultimate tergite large, with two characteristic, very large, blunt protuberances (Fig. 440), directed backwards. Forceps not of Timomenustype, somewhat depressed basally, cylindrical and curved apically; inner margins

Fig. 440 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Timomenus bicuspis (STÀL). Original.

Fig. 441 Male genital armature of Timomenus bicuspis (STÀL). Original.

287 without teeth, but with very small, faint tubercles, sometimes the branches strongly curved apically, and inner margins with a small, indistinct tooth. Genitalia (Fig. 4 4 1 , gen. prep. No. 7 8 1 , det. Dr. H . STEINMANN) very large, broad; central parameral plate wide at anterior part; virga within genital lobe angularly curved, with sclerotized plate basally, or sometimes virga roundly curved and without sclerotized plate. External parameres small, and very narrow, with apices acuminate. - Female similar to male, but abdomen slenderer, ultimate tergite without dorsal protuberances, and forceps simple, tapering. Length of body with forceps; male: 13-16 mm, female: 14-15 mm. Distribution: Indonesia: Java, and Malaysia. 2.

Timomenus jacobsoni

BORELLI

1927 Timomenus jacobsoni BORELLI, Suppl. Ent., 36: 78. - Terra typica: Sumatra (Type male: Mus. 1st. Zool. sist. Univ., Torino). 1968 Timomenus jacobsoni - BRINDLE, Entomologist's month. Mag., 104: 246 [proposed synonymy with bicuspis (STAL, 1980)]. 1976 Timomenus jacobsoni - SRIVASTAVA, Misc. Publ. Occ. (Calcutta), 2: 70 (proposed synonymy with bicuspis (STAL, 1860). 1982 Timomenus jacobsoni - STEINMANN, Acta zool. hung., 28: 365 (as valid taxon); fig. 3 (male ultimate tergite with forceps), 4 (male genital armature, gen. prep. No. 780, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) (Sumatra, Java). Literature: SAKAI, 1973, 1982.

Description: Male light yellowish, abdomen reddish-yellow, tibiae and femora unicolorous, yellow; antennae light brown. Head broad, a little wider than the width of pronotum; frons tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures distinct; posterior margin concave in the middle. Eyes small, but prominent, essentially shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint cylindrical, slightly longer than the distance between antennal bases; second transverse, the rest typical. Pronotum faintly transverse, lateral margins more or less parallel and straight, posterior angles and margin rounded; median longitudinal furrow present, prozona less tumid. Tegmina moderately short, but slightly longer than pronotum. Abdomen slender, fusiform, somewhat depressed; lateral glandular folds present on 3 - 4 tergites. Ultimate tergite with smaller protuberances on posterior margin (Fig. 442), directed backwards. Forceps unarmed, branches somewhat trigonal basally, cylindrical medially and apically; inner margins with very faint or without ventral crenulations. Genitalia (Fig. 443, gen. prep. No. 7 8 0 , det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) specific, slightly wider at anterior part; virga within genital lobe strongly curved, with shorter sclerotized basal vesicle; external parameres typical, slender and very narrow. - Female similar to male, but abdomen expanded medially ultimate tergite without dorsal protuberances, and forceps slender, simple, straight, tapering and contiguous. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 16-18 mm. Distribution: Indonesia: Sumatra, Borneo, Java.

288

«

Fig. 442 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Timomenus jacobsoni BORELLI. Original.

3.

Fig. 443 Male genital armature of Timomenus jacobsoni BORELLI. Original.

Timomenus inermis

BORELLI

1915 Timomenus inermis BORELLI, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. R. Univ., Torino, 30 (698): 5. Terra typica: China (Type male: Mus. Ist. Zool. sist. Univ., Torino). 1928 Timomenus simplicis SHIRAKI, Insecta matsum., 3 (1): 23; fig. 8a (pronotum, tegmina and wings), 8b (male abdominal end with forceps). - Terra typica: Formosa (Type male: unknown locality). 1968 Timomenus simplicis - BRINDLE, Entomologist's month. Mag., 104: 248 [proposed synonymy w i t h inermis BORELLI, 1 9 1 5 ) ] . BEY-BIENKO, 1 9 3 6 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 8 2 , 1 9 8 9 .

Literature:

Description: Male head and pronotum black, tegmina blackish-brown, wings and abdomen black. Head rounded, frons tumid; postfrontal and coronal sutures finely distinct; posterior margin concave medially. Eyes typical, essentially shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint about as long as distance between antennal bases; second joint transverse, the rest of the joints typical. Pronotum about as long as wide, lateral margins with posterior angles and margin broadly rounded; median longitudinal furrow distinct. Tegmina and wings well developed. Abdomen fusiform, somewhat depressed; lateral glandular folds present on tergites 3 - 4 . Ultimate tergite quadratic, posterior margin concave medially; dorsal surface with well-marked tubercles laterally. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 444) slender, elongated, but unarmed, not of Timomenus-type; somewhat laminate basally, cylindrical and less curved apically; inner margins without dorsal or inner teeth. Genitalia unknown to me. - Female similar to male, but ultimate tergite without dorsal tubercles laterally, and forceps simple, straight, elongate. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 17-21 mm. Distribution: China: Kiau-Tchou, and Taiwan.

289

Fig. 444 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Timomenus inermis BORELLI. A f t e r SHIRAKI.

4.

Timomenus josephi

SRIVASTAVA

1977 Timomenus josephi SRIVASTAVA, Dt. ent. Z., 24:290; fig. 4 (male ultimate tergite with forceps), 5 (holotype genital armature), 6 (female ultimate tergite with forceps). - Terra typica: India (Type male: Zool. Surv. India, Calcutta) 1982 Timomenus josephi - STEINMANN, Acta zool. hung., 28: 366, fig. 6 (male ultimate tergite with forceps), 7 (male genitalia). L i t e r a t u r e : SAKAI, 1 9 8 2 .

Description: Male general colour shiny black with bluish-green sheen; antennae with two or three ante-apical joints and whole of tarsi brownish; tegmina dull black and tip of wing yellow. Head triangular, smooth, postfrontal and coronal sutures obsolete; posterior margin almost straight. Eyes small, typical. Antennae 12-jointed; first about as long as the length of head behind eyes; second small, third and fourth equal but shorter than fifth. Pronotum about as long as wide, smooth, hardly narrower than head, sides gently convex, slightly contracted posteriorly with margin rounded; median longitudinal furrow obsolete. Tegmina ample, smooth, posterior margin obliquely truncate; wings well developed. Abdomen gradually enlarging posteriorly, sides of segments 7 - 9 acute with a small tubercle apically. Ultimate tergite almost smooth, slightly sloping backwards, sides faintly emarginate, weakly tumid above the roots of forceps. Pygidium short, subvertical, narrowed apically. Forceps (Fig. 445) stout, branches somewhat depressed, remote near base for a short distance then contiguous, afterwards again strongly diverging up to apical two-thirds. Genitalia (Fig. 446) large; central parameral plate strongly narrowed basally and expanded apically, virga within genital lobe strongly curved and with a broad sclerotized section basally; external parameres typical, of Timomenus-type. Female similar to male, but ultimate tergite strongly narrowed posteriorly and

290 lacking tumid elevations above the roots of forceps; pygigium obtuse, with a very small excision apically; forceps (Fig. 447) straight, contiguous, somewhat depressed, and internally with minute crenulation. - Length of body with forceps: male: 15.5 mm, female: 15-16 mm. Distribution: India

Fig. 445 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Timomenus josephi SRIVASTAVA. After

Fig. 446 Holotype genital armature of Timomenus josephi SRIVASTAVA. After SRIVASTAVA.

SRIVASTAVA.

Fig. 447 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Timomenus josephi SRIVASTAVA. After SRIVASTAVA.

5.

Timomenus shelfordi

(BURR)

1904 Opisthocosmia shelfordi BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. London, 1904: 312. - Terra typica: Sarawak (Type male: Brit. Mus. nat. Hist., London). 1907 Eparchus shelfordi - BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. London, 1907: 121. 1911 Timomenus shelfordi - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 93. 1968 Timomenus shelfordi - B R I N D L E , Entomologist's month. Mag., 104: 247 (Vietnam, China: Canton). 1982 Timomenus shelfordi - STEINMANN, Acta zool. hung., 28: 366; fig. 8 (male ultimate tergite with forceps), 9 (male genital armature, gen. prep. No. 773, det. Dr. H. S T E I N M A N N ) (Borneo, Vietnam, China: Kanton, and Formosa). Literature: BORELLI, 1927; SAKAI, 1973, 1982; SRIVASTAVA, 1976; Wu, 1935.

Description: Male bicolorous, head, pronotum, legs, abdomen and forceps dark reddish-brown to black, tegmina and basal portion of wings orange, sometimes red, and lateral margins of pronotum yellowish. Head rounded, tumid; postfrontal and coronals sutures indistinct; posterior margin concave. Eyes typical, small, essentially shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint normally developed, about as long as distance between antennal bases; second quadrate, the rest typical, elongate and slender, cylindrical.

291 Pronotum about as long as wide, narrowed posteriorly, lateral margins convex, posterior angles with posterior margin rounded; median longitudinal furrow present. Tegmina and wings fully developed. Abdomen slender, fusiform; lateral glandular folds on 3 - 4 tergites small; sides of tergites 4 - 7 rugoso-striate, but without longitudinal lateral ridges. Ultimate tergite broad, slightly narrowed apically, posterior margin trisinuate. Forceps (Fig. 448) without a basal curve when seen from the side, each branch with a strong dorsal tooth but no inner tooth. Genitalia (Fig. 449, gen. prep. No. 773, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) comparatively narrow; ventral parameral plate large, virga within genital lobe characteristic, with sclerotized basal vesicle; external parameres comparatively long, acuminate. - Female similar to male, but tegmina and wings yellowish, forceps (Fig. 450) slender, contiguous, tapering. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 11-13.5 mm. Distribution: Taiwan, China, Vietnam, and Indonesia: Borneo.

Fig. 448 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Timomenus shelfordi ( B U R R ) . After STEINMANN.

6.

Fig. 449 Male genital armature of Timomenus shelfordi (BURR). After

Fig. 450 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Timomenus shelfordi

STEINMANN.

(BURR). O r i g i n a l .

Timomenus bicostatus

BORELLI

1932 Timomenus bicostatus BORELLI, Bull. Raffles Mus., 7: 93, fig. 9 (male ultimate tergite with forceps), 9a (genitalia of holotype), 10 (female ultimate tergite with forceps). - Terra typica: Pehang (Type male: Raffles Mus., Singapore). 1982 Timomenus bicostatus - SRIVASTAVA, Ann. Mus. civ. Stor. nat. Genova, 84: 389; fig. 35 (head, and pronotum), 36 (antenna), 37 (hind tarsus), 38 (male ultimate tergite with forceps), 39 (forceps in lateral view), 40 (male genitalia). Literature: BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 .

292 Description: Male general colour dark reddish-brown; lateral margins of pronotum yellowish, legs and antennae light brown. Head as long as wide, tumid; postfrontal and coronal sutures represented by shallow depressions; posterior margin scarcely emarginate in middle. Eyes typical, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae 12-jointed; first about as long as distance between antennal bases; second quadrate, third and fourth about equal in length. Pronotum rectangular, about as long as wide; lateral margins more or less straight, posterior-lateral angles and posterior margin broadly rounded; median longitudinal furrow indistinct. Tegmina and wings normally developed. Legs typical, hind tarsi with first segment compressed, about as long as third, second lobed with hind margin emarginate in middle. Abdomen fusiform, somewhat depressed; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct. Ultimate tergite transverse, dorsal surface with a larger depression near posterior margin medially. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 451) characteristic; strongly trigonal in cross-section basally, with dorsal edge ending in a large and obtuse dorsal tooth medially; branches cylindrical apically. Genitalia (Fig. 452) comparatively narrow; central parameral plate elongate, virga within genital lobe moderately short with specific sclerotized plate basally; external parameres typical. - Female as male, but ultimate tergite strongly narrowed apically, and forceps (Fig. 453) slender, undulate, more or less cylindrical in cross-section; inner margin unarmed. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 17-19 mm. Distribution: Malaysia.

Fig. 451 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Timomenus bicostatus

Fig. 452 Holotype genital armature of Timomenus bicostatus BORELLI. After

Fig. 453 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Timomenus bicostatus

BORELLI. A f t e r BORELLI.

BORELLI.

BORELLI. A f t e r BORELLI.

293 7.

Timomenus longiforceps

SRI VASTA VA

1978 Timomenus longiforceps SRIVASTAVA, EOS, Madrid, 52:297; fig. 60 (antenna), 61 (pronotum), 62 (leg), 63 (male ultimate tergite with forceps), 64 (genitalia of holotype). - Terra typica: Mindanao (Type male: Field Mus., Chicago). 1982 Timomenus longiforceps - STEINMANN, Acta zool. hung., 28: 367; fig. 10 (male ultimate tergite with forceps), 11 (male genitalia). Literature: SAKAI, 1 9 8 2 .

Description: Male general colour shiny black. Head triangular, tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct; posterior margin gently emarginate. Eyes typical. Antennae broken in holotype; first joint normally developed, about as long as distance between antennal bases; second quadrate, third and fourth about equal in length; fifth longer. Pronotum as long as wide, anterior margin straight, sides and posterior margin rounded; median longitudinal furrow distinct; prozona weakly tumid and poorly differentiated from flat metazona. Tegmina ample, smooth. Wings present. Tarsi provided with long and short pubescence ventrally; first jount equal to third. Abdomen narrowed apically, sides of tergites obtuse with a faint longitudinal keel on segments 6 and 7. Ultimate tergite transverse, strongly sloping and narrowed apically; median longitudinal sulcus at median section. Pygidium scarcely visible from above, rounded, with two faint longitudinal ridges and the area in between faintly depressed. Forceps (Fig. 454) remote at base, long and cylindrical, gradually tapering and diverging from base up to middle, then strongly curved so as to leave an elliptical space; branches with strong dorsal tooth. Genitalia (Fig. 455) very broad; anterior margin of paramere straight, wide; central parameral plate

Fig. 454 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Timomenus longiforceps SRIVASTAVA.

Fig. 455 Holotype genital armature of Timomenus longiforceps SRIVASTAVA. After

A f t e r SRIVASTAVA.

SRIVASTAVA.

294 strongly narrowed basally; virga within genital lobe strongly curved, with sclerotized basal vesicle. External parameres long and narrow. - Female: unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 16-18 mm. Distribution: Philippine Islands: Mindanao.

8.

Timomenus unidentatus

BORELLI

1915 Timomenus unidentatus BORELLI, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. R. Univ. Torino, 30 (698): 4. Terra typica: China (Type male: Mus. 1st. Zool. sist. Univ., Torino - holotype without abdomen). 1982 Timomenus unidentatus - STEINMANN, Acta zool. hung., 28: 368; fig. 12 (male ultimate tergite with forceps - reconstructed figure based on original description). L i t e r a t u r e : BEY-BIENKO, 1 9 3 6 ; BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 ; W u ,

1935.

Description: Male head reddish-brown, pronotum dark brown, tegmina, wings and abdomen reddish. Head broad, a little cordiform, tumid; postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct; posterior margin concave in the middle. Eyes normally developed, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint about as long as distance between antennal bases; second transverse, third and fourth equal in length. Pronotum more or less quadrate, lateral margins convex, posterior margin with postero-lateral angles rounded; median longitudinal furrow present; prozona tumid, metazona flat. Tegmina and wings comparatively short. Abdomen fusiform, somewhat depressed, lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct. Ultimate tergite transverse, smooth, simple; posterior margin trisinuate, and concave medially. Forceps (Fig. 456) (reconstructed figure based on original description) with branches more or less parallel, with a dorsal, prominent tooth on each branch; inner margin crenulate basally. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 17 mm. Distribution: China: Kiau-Tschou.

Fig. 456 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Timomenus unidentatus BORELLI. Recostructed figure based on original description.

295 9.

Timomenus vicinus

(BURR)

1904 Opisthocosmia vicina BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. Lond., 1904: 309. - Terra typica: Borneo (Type male: Brit. Mus. Nat. Hist., London). 1907 Eparchus vicina - BURR, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1907: 121. 1911 Timomenus vicinus - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 93. 1982 Timomenus vicinus - STEINMANN, Acta zool. hung., 28: 368; fig. 13 (male ultimate tergite with forceps). L i t e r a t u r e : BRINDLE, 1968; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 .

Description: Male general colour shiny black; pronotum broadly yellow laterally; abdomen and forceps reddish-brown. Head rounded, smooth, postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct; posterior margin concave in the middle. Eyes typical, essentially shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint well developed, about as long as the distance between antennal bases; second transverse, the rest elongate and slender. Pronotum more or less as long as wide, lateral margins straight, parallel, posterior angles and margin rounded; madian longitudinal furrow distinct. Tegmina and wings fully developed. Abdomen slightly expanded medially; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 comparatively small. Ultimate tergite broad, smooth, posterior margin with two small tubercles between the bases of forceps. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 457) relatively short and narrow, curved apically; dorsal tooth prominent basally and directed inwards; inner tooth absent, inner margins crenulate basally. - Female similar to male, but forceps slenderer, and without dorsal tooth basally. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 13-14.5 mm. Distribution: Indonesia: Borneo.

Fig. 457 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Timomenus vicinus (BURR). After STEINMANN.

10. Timomenus lobophoroides

(DOHRN)

1865 Forficula lobophoroides DOHRN, Stettin, ent. Ztg, 26: 96. - Terra typica: Philippines (Type female: Természettudomânyi Mûzeum, Budapest). 1891 Chelisoches picticornis KIRBY, J. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., 23: 522. - Terra typica: Philippines (Type male: Brit. Mus. nat. Hist., London).

296 1907 Rhadamanthus lobophoroides - BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. Lond., 1907: 121. 1911 Rhadamanthus lobophoroides - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 93; pi. 9, fig. 19 (tarsus), 19a (tibia). 1911 Chelisoches picticornis - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 93 [as synonymy of lobophoroides (DOHRN, 1865)]. 1982 Timomenus lobophoroides - STEINMANN, Acta zool. hung., 28: 368; fig. 14 (male ultimate tergite with forceps), 15 (male genitalia, gen. prep. No. 771, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN). Literature: BORELLI, 1 9 1 5 ; BRINDLE, 1 9 6 5 ; BORMANS & KRAUSS, 1 9 0 0 ; KIRBY, 1 9 0 4 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 .

Description: Male colour reddish-brown; lateral margins of pronotum yellowish (light form), or general colour dark brownish-black, pronotum uniformly black (dark form). Head rounded or a little angular posteriorly; frons tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct; posterior margin concave medially. Eyes small, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint cylindrical, about as long as the distance between antennal bases; second quadrate, third and fourth about equal in length. Pronotum quadrate or sometimes faintly longer than wide; lateral margins parallel, posterior margin rounded; median longitudinal furrow distinct at prozona. Tegmina and wings well developed. Abdomen elongate, slightly expanded to median section; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 prominent. Ultimate tergite broad, narrowed posteriorly, posterior margin concave medially. Forceps (Fig. 458) trigonal in cross-section basally and medially, cylindrical apically; branches straight at basal

Fig. 458 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Timomenus lobophoroides (DOHRN). Original.

Fig. 459 Male genital armature of Timomenus lobophoroides (DOHRN). Original.

Fig. 460 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Timomenus lobophoroides (DOHRN). Original.

297 and median parts, strongly curved apically; inner margins with prominent tooth. Genitalia (Fig. 4 5 9 , gen. prep. No. 7 6 3 , det. Dr. H . STEINMANN from Luzon) broad; central parameral plate wide, anterior margin of paramere straight, of Timomenus-type; virga within genital lobe curved, with sclerotized basal vesicle; external parameres narrow, acicular. - Female very similar to male, but forceps (Fig. 460) without inner tooth medially. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 16-28 mm. Distribution: Philippine Islands. 11.

Timomenus morsus

STEINMANN

1982 Timomenus morsus STEINMANN, Acta zool. hung., 2 8 : 369; fig. 16 (male ultimate tergite with forceps), 17 (genitalia of holotype). - Terra typica: Formosa (Type male, gen. prep. No. 762, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN: Termeszettudomany Muzeum, Budapest).

Description: Male light brownish-red; head and thoracic nota yellowish. Head rounded, slightly depressed; postfrontal and coronal sutures finely marked; posterior margin more or less straight. Eyes comparatively small, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae broken in holotype; first joint long and gibbous, longer than the distance between antennal bases; second joint quadratic, third very long, fourth joint longer than third. Pronotum somewhat longer than wide; prallel-sided anteriorly and narrowed posteriorly; last margin rounded; median longitudinal furrow well marked. Tegmina and wings well developed. Abdomen elongated, sides of abdominal tergites 5 - 6 with small, but prominent, spines laterally. Ultimate tergite broad, slightly depressed laterally

Fig. 461 Holotype ultimate tergite with forceps of Timomenus morsus STEINMANN. After STEINMANN.

Fig. 462 Holotype genital armature of Timomenus morsus STEINMANN. After STEINMANN.

298 on dorsal surface. Forceps (Fig. 461) of Timomenus-type, straight on basal half and strongly curved on apical portion; inner margins with a very large tooth. Genitalia (Fig. 462) strongly expanded medially; central parameral plate large, anterior margin of paramere straight, typical; virga within genital lobe characteristic, with sclerotized plates and vesicle basally; external parameres comparatively small, short, acicular. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 18 mm. Distribution: Taiwan. 12. Timomenus iteratus

STEINMANN

1982 Timomenus iteratus STEINMANN, Acta zool. hung., 28: 370, fig. 18 (male ultimate tergite with forceps), 19 (genitalia of holotype). - Terra typica: Formosa (Type male: gen. prep. No. 776, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN: Termeszettudomany Muzeum, Budapest).

Description: Male general colour reddish-brown; tegmina and wings reddishorange; sides of pronotum yellow. Head tumid, broad, rounded; postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct. Eyes small, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae broken in holotype; first joint gibbous, very long, longer than distance between antennal bases; second quadratic, third long, but somewhat shorter than the fourth. Pronotum slightly longer than wide; lateral and posterior margin rounded; median longitudinal furrrow indistinct, plate depressed on posterior part. Tegmina and wings fully developed. Abdomen slender, fusiform, sides of abdominal tergites 5 - 6 with small but well-marked lateral spines.

Fig. 463 Holotype ultimate tergite with forceps of Timomenus iteratus STEINMANN.

Fig. 464 Holotype genital armature of Timomenus iteratus STEINMANN. After

A f t e r STEINMANN.

STEINMANN.

299 Ultimate tergite slightly narrowed posteriorly, posterior margin trisinuate. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 463) very long, somewhat similar to those of longiforceps SRIVASTAVA, but parallel, with large inner tooth medially. Penultimate sternite transverse, broadly roundeed posteriorly. Genitalia (Fig. 464) characteristic; central parameral plate expanded medially or anteriorly, and narrowed basally; virga within genital lobe of Timomenus-type, strongly curved and with sclerotized basal vesicle; external parameres very small, acicular. Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 23 mm. Distribution: Taiwan. 13. Timomenus haddeni

SRIVASTAVA

1976 Timomenus haddeni SRIVASTAVA, Pacific Insects, 17 (1): 132; fig. 72 (male in dorsal view), 73 (penultimate sternite), 74 (genitalia of holotype). - Terra typica: Luzon (Type male: Bishop Mus., Honolulu). L i t e r a t u r e : SAKAI, 1 9 8 2 .

Description: Male head, pronotum, tegmina and wings shiny blackish brown, pronotum lighter on sides; abdomen shiny reddish-black, darker on sides; ultimate tergite posteriorly and forceps, black. Head triangular, very slightly depressed in middle, smooth, postfrontal and coronal sutures fine but fairly distinct; posterior margin straight. Eyes small, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint somewhat longer than distance between antennal bases; second small, third and fourth subequal, but shorter than fifth. Pronotum with anterior margin straight, gently contracted posteriorly, sides convex, converging posteriorly, gently reflexed, posterior margin rounded; median longitudinal furrow faint. Tegmina smooth, wings projecting well

Fig. 465 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Timomenus haddeni SRIVASTAVA. After SRIVASTAVA.

Fig. 466 Holotype genital armature of Timomenus haddeni SRIVASTAVA. After SRIVASTAVA.

300 beyond the tegmina. Abdomen gradually enlarging from base up to 7th tergite, then gently contracted, convex, lateral glandular folds on third tergite weakly and on fourth strongly developed; side of fifth to seventh segments obtuse, with a faint oblique ridge. Ultimate tergite transverse, smooth, declivent, contracted posteriorly, weakly tumid above bases of forceps and depressed in-between, posterior margin trisinuate. Forceps (Fig. 465) long and slender, somewhat depressed basally and medially; trigonal and cylindrical apically; internally with faint dorsal ridge, ventrally faintly crenulate in basal half, where a small, pointed tooth is present. Genitalia (Fig. 466) normally developed; central parameral plate comparatively narrow, elongate, virga within genital lobe small, short; external parameres well developed, of Timomenus-type, aciculate. - Female unknown. - Lenth of body with forceps: 22 mm. Distribution: Philippine Islands: Luzon. 14. Timomenus pieli

HINCKS

1940 Timomenus pieli HINCKS, Notes ent. Chin., 8: 61. - Terra typica: Hainan (Type male: Heude Mus.). 1982 Timomenus pieli - STEINMANN, Acta zool. hung., 28: 371; fig. 22 (male ultimate tergite with forceps), 23 (male genitalia, gen. prep. No. 777, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN from Vietnam) (Hainan, and Vietnam). L i t e r a t u r e : BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 ; HINCKS, 1 9 4 5 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 .

Description: Male colour blackish, except tegmina, wings and abdominal tergites, yellowish-red. Head tumid, shiny; postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct; posterior margin faintly convex. Eyes prominent, but small, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint gibbous, long, about as

Fig. 467 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Timomenus pieli HINCKS. After STEINMANN.

Fig. 468 Male genital armature of Timomenus pieli HINCKS. After STEINMANN.

301 long as distance between antennal bases; second short, third and fourth subequal in length. Pronotum quadratic, narrower than head, lateral and posterior margins broadly rounded; prozona tumid, metazona depressed. Tegmina and wings well developed. Abdomen narrow, elongated, fusiform, tergites simple laterally; lateral glandular folds on tergite 3 smaller, on tergite 4 large. Ultimate tergite broad, a little depressed medially near posterior margin, last margin undulate. Forceps (Fig. 467) elongated, parallel basally, curved posteriorly, branches more or less oval or cylindrical in cross-section; inner tooth prominent, cruciate, and directed inwards. Genitalia (Fig. 468) specific; central parameral plate broad, lateral margins more or less parallel, undulate; virga within genital lobe strongly curved and sclerotized, but without basal vesicle; external parameres typical, but comparatively short and narrow. - Female similar to male, but forceps without inner tooth medially. - Length of body with forceps: male: 15-16.5 mm, female: 14-17 mm. Distribution: Hainan, and Vietnam. 15. Timomenus ares

(BURR)

1900 Forficula ares BURR, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (7) 6: 100; pi. 4, fig. 5 (male in dorsal view), 6 (penultimate sternite). - Terra typica: Borneo (Type male: Brit. Mus. nat. Hist., London). 1911 Timomenus ares - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 93. 1982 Timomenus ares - STEINMANN, Acta zool. hung., 28: 372; fig. 24 (male ultimate tergite with forceps). Literature: BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 .

Description: Male general colour dull black, and pronotum not yellow laterally; abdomen and forceps dark reddish-black or sometimes reddish-brown. Head rounded, tumid; postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct; posterior margin concave in the middle. Eyes typical, small, but prominent, somewhat shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint cylindrical, long, about as long as distance between antennal bases; second transverse, the rest of

Fig. 469 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Timomenus ares (BURR). After BURR.

302 the joints typical. Pronotum somewhat transverse; lateral margin faintly convex, posterior margin rounded; median longitudinal furrow indistinct; prozona tumid, metazona slightly depressed. Tegmina and wings fully developed. Abdomen slender, somewhat depressed, sides of tergites smooth, without lateral longitudinal ridges; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct. Ultimate tergite smooth, trasverse, posterior margin concave medially. Forceps (Fig. 469) comparatively short, basal half only slightly curved and lamitate, apical half strongly curved and cylindrical in cross-section; inner tooth prominent. - Female unknown. - Lenght of body with forceps: 15 mm. Distribution: Indonesia: Borneo. 16. Timomenus aeris

(SHIRAKI)

1905 Apterygida aeris SHIRAKI, Trans. Sapporo nat. Hist. Soc., 1 : 9 . - Terra typica: F o r m o s a (Type male: unknown). 1911 Timomenus aeris - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 93; pi. 8, fig. 16 (head, and pronotum). 1928 Timomenus taboensis SHIRAKI, Insecta matsum., 3: (1): 23; fig. 8c (male ultimate tergite with forceps), 8d (male in dorsal view). - Terra typica: Formosa (Type male: u n k n o w n locality). 1 9 4 3 Timomenus

taboensis

- TAKAHASHI, SHOKUBUTSU & DOHBUTSHU, P l a n t s a n d A n i m a l s , 1 0 (4):

334 [proposed synonymy with aeris (SHIRAKI, 1905)]. 1968 Timomenus aeris - BRINDLE, Entomologist's month. Mag., 104: 245; fig. (pronotum), 8 (male forceps). 1982 Timomenus aeris - STEINMANN, Acta zool. hung., 28: 373; fig. 26 (male ultimate tergite with forceps), 27 (male genitalia, gen. prep. N o . 723, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN). Literature: BRINDLE, 1 9 6 7 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 .

Description: Male general colour dark reddish-brown; lateral margins of pronotum yellowish, tegmina and wings dark reddish-orange, but humeral margins of tegmina with broad brown, longitudinal stripe. Head somewhat longer than wide, tumid; postfrontal and coronal sutures absent; posterior margin rounded. Eyes comparatively small, slightly shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint gibbous, longer than the distance between antennal bases; second quadratic, third faintly shorter than fourth; the rest very long, cylindrical. Pronotum about as long as wide, with lateral and posterior margins rounded; median longitudinal furrow distinct. Tegmina and wings fully developed. Abdomen narrow, elongated, cylindrical or a little depressed; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 prominent. Ultimate tergite smooth, transverse, posterior margin concave in the middle. Forceps (Fig. 470) very long, more or less straight on basal half and contiguous, the apical half of each branch strongly curved; inner tooth large, directed inwards. Genitalia (Fig. 471) large; central parameral plate strongly narrowed basally, virga within genital lobe strongly sclerotized and curved basally; external parameres comparatively small, acicular. - Female similar to male, but forceps without inner tooth medially. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 15-19 mm. Distribution: Taiwan.

303

Fig. 470 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Timomenus aeris (SHIRAKI). After SHIRAKI.

Fig. 471 Male genital armature of Timomenus aeris ( S H I R A K I ) . After STEINMANN.

17. Timomenus robustus

SRIVASTAVA

1976 Timomenus robustus SRIVASTAVA, Pacific Insects, 17 (1): 134; fig. 78 (male in dorsal view), 79 (penultimate sternite), 80 (genitalia of holotype). - Terra typica: Luzon (Type male; type No. 10.232: Bishop Mus., Honolul). Literature: SAKAI, 1982.

Description: Male general colour blackish-brown, abdomen and forceps somewhat darker; antennae testaceous-brown. Head triangular, smooth, convex; postfrontal and coronal sutures obliterated; posterior margin straight. Eyes small, essentially shorter than the length of head beehind eyes. First antennal joint long, about as long as distance between antennal bases; second quadrate, the rest typical. Pronotum a little wider than long, anterior margin straight, sides slightly convex, posterior angles and margin broadly rounded; median longitudinal furrow distinct. Tegmina and wings fully developed. Abdomen convex, enlarged posteriorly, lateral glandular folds on third tergite weak and on fourth prominent; sides of segments broadly convex. Ultimate tergite transverse, strongly declivent posteriorly, faintly tumid above bases of forceps, depressed in middle, posterior margin trisinuate. Pygidium short. Forceps (Fig. 472) stout, long, cylindrical, tapering, almost straight, only slightly arched a little before apex, tips pointed, gently hooked and crossing; internally with dorsal tooth on basal section and another one somewhat beyond middle. Genitalia (Fig. 473) comparatively small; central parameral plate narrow, virga within genital lobe very short, external parameres of Timomenus-type, very narrow and pointed. Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 20 mm. Distribution: Philippine Islands: Luzon.

304

Fig. 472 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Timomenus robustus SRIVASTAVA. After

Fig. 473 Holotype genital armature of Timomenus robustus SRIVASTAVA.

SRIVASTAVA.

18. Timomenus nevilli (BURR) 1904 Opisthocosmia nevilli BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. London. 1 9 0 4 : 309. - Terra typica: Bhutan (Type male: Mus. nation. Hist, nat., Paris). 1907 Eparchus nevilli - BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. London, 1 9 0 7 : 121. 1910 Timomenus nevilli - BURR, Fauna brit. India Derm.: 197;fig.71 (male in dorsal view). 1982 Timomenus nevilli - STEINMANN, Acta zool. hung., 2 8 : 373;fig.28 (male ultimate tergite with forceps), 29 (male genitalia, gen. prep. No. 467, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN from China) (Northern India, Bhutan, and China: Fukien). Literature: BRINDLE, 1968; BURR, 1911; SAKAI, 1973, 1982; SRIVASTAVA, 1976.

Description: Male general colour dark brown, sometimes blackish or a little reddish; tegmina and wings somewhat lighter reddish-brown. Head broad, tumid; postfrontal and coronal sutures well marked; posterior margin emarginate medially. Eyes typical, small, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint long, longer than distance between antennal bases; second quadratic; third and fourth joints subequal. Pronotum narrowed posteriorly; lateral and posterior margins rounded; median longitudinal furrow present. Tegmina and wings well or fully developed. Abdomen expanded medially, sides of abdominal tergites 5 - 7 with blunt spines laterally; lateral glandular folds on tergite 3 smaller, and on tergite 4 large. Ultimate tergite transverse, smooth, posterior margin concave between the bases of forceps. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 474) without a basal curve when seen from the side, but very long, with a strong dorsal and inner tooth. Genitalia (Fig. 475) specific; central parameral plate with anterior margin of Timomenus-type, but virga within genital lobe characteristic, without curvature, S-shaped; external parameres typical, very narrow, acicular. - Female very similar to male, but abdomen without lateral

305

Fig. 474 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Timomenus nevilli (BURR). After STEINMANN.

Fig. 475 Male genital armature of Timomenus nevilli (BURR). After STEINMANN.

Fig. 476 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Timomenus nevilli (BURR). Original.

spines, and forceps (Fig. 476) simple, tapering, contiguous. - Length of body with forceps, male: 18-25 mm, female: 19-23,5 mm. Distribution: North India, Bhutan, and South China. 19. Timomenus lugens

(BORMANS)

1894 Opisthocosmia lugens BORMANS, Ann. Mus. civ. Stor. nat. Genova, 14: 398. - Terra typica: Burma (Type male: Mus. civ. Stor. nat. Genova). 1907 Eparchus lugens - BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. London, 1 9 0 7 : 121. 1910 Timomenus lugens -BURR, Fauna brit. India. Derm.: 198; fig. 72 (male in dorsal view) (Burma, Assam). 1976 Timomenus lugens - STEINMANN, Acta zool. hung., 28: 374; fig. 30 (male ultimate tergite with forceps), 31 (male genitalia, gen. prep. No. 468, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN). Literature: BORELLI, 1932; BEY-BIENKO, 1959; BORMANS & KRAUSS, 1900; BRINDLE, 1968; BURR, 1911; HINCKS, 1 9 4 7 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 .

Description: Male colour dark brownish-black, sometimes colour brilliant lustrous blue-black; pronotum without lateral longitudinal yellow stripe. Head large, broad, smooth, postfrontal and coronal sutures distinct. Eyes normal, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae 13-jointed (after BURR); first joint gibbous, somewhat shorter than the distance between antennal bases; second quadrate, third and fourth about subequal. Pronotum narrower posteriorly; lateral and posterior margins rounded; prozona tumid, sharply distinct from the depressed metazona. Tegmina well developed, wings yellow basally, and

306

Fig. 477 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Timomenus lugens (BORMANS). After

Fig. 478 Male genital armature of Timomenus lugens (BORMANS). After

STEINMANN.

STEINMANN.

dark brown apically, with a yellowish spot at the apex of the suture. Abdomen slender, sides of abdominal tergites 5 - 7 with smaller, but prominent, lateral spines; the latter blunt, obtuse. Ultimate tergite transverse, sloping, posterior margin straight in the middle. Forceps (Fig. 477) with the branches elongate, subcontiguous basally, cylindrical, gently diverging at first, then gently arcuate; branches with a strong dorsal tooth and a large inner tooth. Genitalia (Fig. 478) large; central parameral plate broad on apical half, anterior margin straight; virga within genital lobe strongly curved, sclerotized, with basal vesicle; external parameres of Timomenus-type, acicular. - Female similar to male, but forceps almost straight, gently diverging, denticulate along inner margin, then gently curved in at the points. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 17.5-19.5 mm. Distribution: Burma, South West China, Malaysia, and Indonesia: Borneo. 20.

Timomenus aesculapius (BURR)

1905 Opisthocosmia aesculapia BURR, Boi. Soc. esp. Hist, nat., 1 9 0 5 : 230. - Terra typica: Bhutan (Type male: Mus. Cienc. nat., Madrid). 1907 Eparchus aesculapius - BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. London, 1 9 0 7 : 121. 1910 Timomenus aesculapius - BURR, Fauna brit. India Derm.: 196; fig. 70 (male in dorsal view). 1936 Timomenus aesculapius - BEY-BIENKO, Faune de l'URSS, Derm.: 200 (China). 1954 Timomenus aesculapius - BOESEMAN, Zool. Verh., Leiden, 2 1 : 112 (Java, Sumatra). 1982 Timomenus aesculapius - STEINMANN, Acta zool. hung., 2 8 : 375; fig. 32 (male ultimate tergite with forceps), 33 (male genitalia, gen. prep. No. 778, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN from Vietnam) (Eastern China, Bhutan, Northern India, Vietnam, Java, Sumatra). Literature: BURR, 1911; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1968; SAKAI, 1973,1982; SRIVASTAVA, 1976; Wu, 1935.

307 Description: Male general colour blackish, except tegmina and wings, reddish-yellow, shiny. Head tumid, smooth, shiny; postfrontal and coronal sutures absent; posterior margin more or less straight. Eyes comparatively small, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae 12-jointed (after BURR); first very thick, clubbed; second transverse, the rest slender and cylindrical. Pronotum about as wide as long or slightly wider; lateral and posterior margins rounded; prozona tumid, with a well-marked median longitudinal furrow; metazona depressed. Tegmina ample, smooth, broad, concave posteriorly; wings well developed, apices yellow. Abdomen elongated, smooth, finely punkctured, sides of tergites 5 - 7 with small but prominent spines laterally. Ultimate tergite smooth, subquadrate or sometimes transverse; posterior margin trisinuate; sloping. Forceps (Fig. 479) with the branches subcontiguous at the base, rather slender; both branches with a strong dorsal and a small inner tooth. Genitalia (Fig. 480) large, broad; central parameral plate well developed, virga within genital lobe elongated, strongly curved, with sclerotized basal section; external parameres of Timomenus-type, typical. - Female similar to male, but general colour reddish-brown, abdomen without lateral spines, and forceps simple, tapering, contiguous. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 17-21 mm. Distribution: Eastern China, Bhutan, Northern India, Vietnam, Indonesia: Java, Sumatra, and Borneo.

Fig. 479 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Timomenus aesculapius (BURR). After

Fig. 480 Male genital armature of Timomenus aesculapius (BURR). After

STEINMANN.

STEINMANN.

21. Timomenus oannes

(BURR)

1900 Opisthocosmia oannes BURR, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (7) 6: 85. - Terra typica: Assam (Type male: Brit. Mus. Nat. Hist., London).

308 1 9 0 7 Timomenus oannes - BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. London, 1907: 9 6 . 1910 Timomenus oannes - BURR, Fauna brit. India Derm.: 195, fig. 69 (male in dorsal view), 104 (ditto, coloured figure) (Assam, Vietnam). 1959 Timomenus oannes - BEY-BIENKO, Ent. Obozr., Moscow, 3 8 : 623, (China: Yunnan). 1982 Timomenus oannes - STEINMANN, Acta zool. hung., 2 8 : 377; fig. 36 (male ultimate tergite with forceps), 37 (male genitalia, gen. prep. No. 466, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN from China: Fukien) (Assam, Vietnam, China: Yunnan and Fujian). L i t e r a t u r e : BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 ; BURR, 1 9 0 5 , 1 9 1 1 ; KIRBY, 1 9 0 4 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 .

Description: Male general colour dark reddish- or brownish-black; head black, lateral margins of pronotum, tegmina and wings reddish, apices of wings yellow; abdomen and forceps brown, or sometimes reddish-brown, legs dark. Head tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct or sometimes well marked; posterior margin of head more or less straight. Eyes small, essentially shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint cylindrical, well developed, long, longer than distance between antennal bases; second quadratic, the rest elongated and slender. Pronotum more or less as long as wide, about as wide as head; almost semicircular, lateral margins a little, posterior margin broadly, rounded; prozona tumid, metazona deplanate. Tegmina ample, smooth, uniform reddish-orange or with two indistinct blackish bands. Wings reddish-orange, blackish on borders. Abdomen slightly expanded medially, sides of tergites 5 - 7 with small tubercles. Ultimate tergite transverse, depressed at median part, rectangular, narrower than the abdomen, tumid; posterior margin trisinuate. Forceps (Fig. 481) characteristic, branches long, cylindrical in cross-

Fig. 481 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Timomenus oannes ( B U R R ) . After STEINMANN.

Fig. 482 Male genital armature of Timomenus oannes (BURR). After STEINMANN.

309 section, more or less straight apically, strongly curved. The dorsal tooth very large in the basal third, conical and directed upwards; inner tooth or teeth smaller. Genitalia (Fig. 482) of Timomenus-type; central parameral plate broad, oval, anterior margin of paramere straight; virga within genital lobe characteristic, with sclerotized chitinous plate, as in Fig. 482; external parameres elongated, and very narrow, acuminate. - Female similar to male, but without lateral abdominal spines and without teeth in the forceps. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 17-19 mm. Distribution: India: Assam, South China, North Vietnam. 22.

Timomenus sinuatus

SRIVASTAVA

1976 Timomenus sinuatus SRIVASTAVA, Pacific Insects, 17 (1): 132; fig. 75 (male in dorsal view), 76 (penultimate sternite), 77 (genitalia of holotype). - Terra typica: Luzon (Type male: Bishop Mus., Honolulu). Literature: SAKAI, 1982.

Description: Male general colour dark brownish-black; antennae testaceous brown, a few posterior abdominal tergites with a shade of red. Head about as long as wide, smooth, convex; postfrontal and coronal sutures obliterated; posterior margin of head almost straight. Eyes typical, very small, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae partly broken in holotype; first joint long, somewhat longer than the distance between antennal bases; second quadrate; third and fourth almost equal, but slightly shorter than fifth. Pronotum about as long as wide, anteriorly convex, sides gently reflexed and

Fig. 483 Holotype ultimate tergite with forceps of Timomenus sinuatus SRIVASTAVA.

Fig. 484 Holotype genital armature of Timomenus sinuatus SRIVASTAVA. After

A f t e r SRIVASTAVA.

SRIVASTAVA.

310 feebly converging posteriorly with margin rounded; median longitudinal furrow faintly marked; prozona tumid and metazona weakly so. Tegmina ample, smooth, comparatively short, wings normal. Abdomen gradually enlarging from base to a little beyond middle, then gently contracted, convex, lateral glandular folds on third tergite weakly, on fourth strongly, developed; sides of tergites 7 - 9 broadly convex. Ultimate tergite transverse, smooth, declivent, contracted posteriorly, tumid above the roots of forceps; depressed in middle, posterior margin faintly sinuate in middle and laterally oblique. Forceps (Fig. 483) long, tapering, cylindrical, almost straight in basal two-thirds, afterwards gently incurved with apices pointed and hooked; internally with a smaller dorsal tooth, and another one a little beyond middle. Genitalia (Fig. 484) specific; central parameral plate strongly narrowed basally and expanded apically; virga within genital lobe short, external parameres typical. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 23 mm. Distribution: Philippine Islands: Luzon. 23. Timomenus komarovi (SEMENOV) Opisthocosmia komarovi SEMENOV, RUSS. ent. Obozr., 1 : 9 8 . - Terra typica: Korea (Type male: Zool. Inst. Mus. Acad. Sci. USSR, Leningrad). 1907 Timomenus komarovi - BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. London, 1907: 96. 1 9 1 3 Apterygida femorata MATSUMURA, Thous. Ins. Jap. Add., 1:2; pi. 2 , fig. 2 (male in dorsal view). - Terra typica: Formosa (Type male: unknown locality). 1 9 2 8 Apterygida femorata - SHIRAKI, Insecta matsum., 3 ( 1 ) : 2 2 [proposed synonymy with komarovi 1901

(SEMENOV, 1 9 0 1 ) ] .

1936 Timomenus komarovi - BEY-BIENKO, Faune de l'URSS, Derm.: 199; fig. 64 (male in dorsal view), 65 (female in dorsal view), 66 (male forceps in lateral view) (Korea, China). 1982 Timomenus komarovi - STEINMANN, Acta zool. hung., 28: 376;fig.34 (male ultimate tergite with forceps), 35 (male genitalia, gen. prep. No. 469, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) (Korea, Northern China, Formosa, and Philippines). Literature: BEY-BIENKO, 1959; BRINDLE, 1971; B U R R , 1911; K I R B Y , 1904; SAKAI, 1973, 1982; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 ; W u ,

1935.

Description: Male bicolorous; head, tegmina, wings and ultimate tergite reddish-brown or reddish-orange, pronotum, abdominal tergites black; legs bicolorous: tibiae with tarsi reddish, femora black. Head broad, tumid; postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct, posterior margin of head more or less straight or faintly concave in middle. Eyes comparatively small, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint long, cylindrical, about as long as distance between antennal bases; second quadrate, the rest elongated and cylindrical. Pronotum as long as wide, lateral margins more or less parallel, posterior margin rounded; prozona tumid, matazona deplanate. Tegmina and wings fully developed. Abdomen finely punctured, shiny, sides of tergites 5 - 7 with small tubercles laterally. Ultimate tergite broad, simple, somewhat depressed medially near posterior margin between the roots of forceps. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 485) slender, cylindrical; basal half straight, apical half

311 with curved branches, dorsal tooth prominent, inner tooth smaller but sharp. Genitalia (Fig. 486) large, anterior margin of central parameral plate short and wide, very striking, virga within genital lobe fragmentary, and basal vesicle small; external parameres of Timomenus-type. - Female similar to male, but abdomen without lateral tubercles, and forceps (Fig. 487) simple, without dorsal and inner teeth. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 17.5-23 mm. Distribution: Korea, Northern China, Taiwan, and Philippines Islands.

Fig. 485 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Timomenus komarovi

Fig. 486 Male genital armature of Timomenus komarovi (SEMENOV). After

Fig. 487 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Timomenus komarovi

(SEMENOV). Original.

STEINMANN.

(SEMENOV). Original.

Genus

32:

Paratimomenus

STEINMANN

1974 Paratimomenus STEINMANN, Folia ent. hung., 27 (2): 200. - Species typica: Opisthocosmia flavocapitata

Literature:

SHIRAKI, 1905.

SHRIVASTAVA,

1982;

STEINMANN,

1975, 1982, 1989.

Description: Body very similar in external characteristic to Timomenus BURR. Antennae with joints elongated, and slender; first joint generally longer than the distance between antennal bases or about equal. Tegmina and wings well, or fully, developed. Male forceps slender, more or less cylindrical in cross-section, with or without dorsal or inner teeth. Male genital armature characteristic, not of Timomenus-type: external parameres typical, generally broad and obtuse. Unpaired genital lobe normally developed, its apical width not, or insignificantly, greater than greatest width of external parameres. External parameres not

311 with curved branches, dorsal tooth prominent, inner tooth smaller but sharp. Genitalia (Fig. 486) large, anterior margin of central parameral plate short and wide, very striking, virga within genital lobe fragmentary, and basal vesicle small; external parameres of Timomenus-type. - Female similar to male, but abdomen without lateral tubercles, and forceps (Fig. 487) simple, without dorsal and inner teeth. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 17.5-23 mm. Distribution: Korea, Northern China, Taiwan, and Philippines Islands.

Fig. 485 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Timomenus komarovi

Fig. 486 Male genital armature of Timomenus komarovi (SEMENOV). After

Fig. 487 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Timomenus komarovi

(SEMENOV). Original.

STEINMANN.

(SEMENOV). Original.

Genus

32:

Paratimomenus

STEINMANN

1974 Paratimomenus STEINMANN, Folia ent. hung., 27 (2): 200. - Species typica: Opisthocosmia flavocapitata

Literature:

SHIRAKI, 1905.

SHRIVASTAVA,

1982;

STEINMANN,

1975, 1982, 1989.

Description: Body very similar in external characteristic to Timomenus BURR. Antennae with joints elongated, and slender; first joint generally longer than the distance between antennal bases or about equal. Tegmina and wings well, or fully, developed. Male forceps slender, more or less cylindrical in cross-section, with or without dorsal or inner teeth. Male genital armature characteristic, not of Timomenus-type: external parameres typical, generally broad and obtuse. Unpaired genital lobe normally developed, its apical width not, or insignificantly, greater than greatest width of external parameres. External parameres not

312

narrow and thin, not aciculately elongate, but thick, apically slightly, but visibly, curved inwards. Distribution: Oriental region and Papua New Guinea. 7 species. Identification key to the species 1 Head yellow 2 1' Head dark 3 2 Legs brown, dark brownish-black or dark reddish-brown, but not yellow. Male forceps with a sharp inner tooth on basal section (Fig. 488); external parameres of male genitalia comparatively large (Fig. 489) 1. Paratimomenus fla.vocapita.tus, p. 312 2' Legs yellow. Male forceps with a sharp inner tooth medially (Fig. 491); external parameres of male genitalia comparatively small and short (Fig. 492) . . . . 2. Paratimomenus brahma, p. 313 3 Male forceps unarmed, branches without dorsal or inner teeth (Fig. 493); external parameres of male genitalia characteristic, very large, with apices acuminate, directed inwards (Fig. 494) 3. Paratimomenus nathani, p. 315 3' Male forceps with smaller or larger dorsal tooth; external parameres of male genitalia comparatively smaller, with apices obtuse 4 4 Tegmina brownish black, with an irregular yellow stripe in middle; male forceps comparatively short, dilated in basal portion with internal margins serrated (Fig. 495) 4. Paratimomenus archiboldi, p. 316 4' Tegmina without an irregular yellowish stripe, and male forceps elongated, less dilated in basal half 5 5 Male forceps strongly curved in apical third, with a sharp, prominent inner tooth apically (Fig. 497), and a comparatively large dorsal tooth basally 5. Paratimomenus incognitus, p. 317 5' Male forceps less curved in apical half, and inner margin without sharp, prominent apical tooth 6 6 Head black; male forceps very similar to simulans (SRIVASTAVA); external parameres of male genitalia expanded medially, broadly rounded on outer margins (Fig. 500) 6. Paratimomenus elongatus, p. 318 6' Head brownish; male forceps very similar to elongatus (SRIVASTAVA); external parameres of male genitalia expanded apically, outer margins straight basally and medially, rounded apically (Fig. 503) 7. Paratimomenus simulans, p. 319 1.

Paratimomenus flavocapitatus

(SHIRAKI)

1905 Opisthocosmia ftavocapitata SHIRAKI, Trans. Sapporo nat. Hist. Soc., 1: 9. - Terra typica: Formosa (Type unknown). 1 9 1 1 Timomenus flavocapitatus - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 1 2 2 : 9 3 , pi. 8, fig. 15 (male in dorsal view), pi. 9, fig. 15 (tarsus). 1974 Paratimomenusflavocapitatus - STEINMANN, Folia ent. hung., 27 (2): 201 ; fig. 38 (male genitalia, gen. prep. No. 4 7 2 , det. Dr. H. STEINMANN from China: Fujian) (China). Literature: BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; SHIRAKI, 1 9 2 8 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 8 3 .

Description: Male head yellow, labrum dark brown; antennae, median part of pronotum and femora, dark brownish-black; tegmina and wings dark reddishbrown, abdomen and forceps dark red. Head large, rounded, frons tumid; postfrontal and coronal sutures present; posterior margin of head convex. Eyes prominent but small, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint about as long as distance between antennal bases, second quadratic, third

313

Fig. 488 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Paratimomenus flavocapitatus (SHIRAKI). Original.

Fig. 489 Male genital armature of Paratimomenus flavocapitatus (SHIRAKI). A f t e r STEINMANN.

Fig. 490 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Paratimomenus flavocapitatus (SHIRAKI). Original.

and fourth shorter than fifth. Pronotum about as long as wide; lateral and posterior margins rounded, prozona tumid, metazona flat. Tegmina and wings fully developed. Abdomen elongated, gently dilated before the apex; lateral glandular folds on tergite 3 very small, on tergite 4 larger. Ultimate tergite transverse, almost rectangular, with a pair of low tumid elevations over the roots of the forceps. Pygidium hidden. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 488) slender, and elongated; branches somewhat oval in cross-section basally, cylindrical medially and apically; inner margins with a smaller but prominent dorsal tooth, directed inwards. Genitalia (Fig. 489) of Opisthocosmia-type; central parameral plate large, virga within genital lobe well developed and sclerotized; external parameres comparatively large, well developed, obtuse. - Female very similar to male, but forceps (Fig. 490) simple, branches trigonal in cross-section, dorsal edge sharp, sometimes indistinct; inner margins unarmed. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 22-28 mm. Distribution: Taiwan, China: Fujien. 2. Paratimomenus brahma (BURR) comb. nov. 1904 Opisthocosmia brahma BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. London, 1904: 310. - Terra typica: India (Type male: Mus. nation. Hist, nat., Paris).

314 1907 Kosmetor brahma - BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. Lond., 1907: 123; pi. 4, fig. 5 (male in dorsal view). 1975 Timomenus brahma - BRINDLE, Ent. Basil., 1: 57; fig. 63 (male in dorsal view) (Bhutan). 1982 Paratimomenus brahma - STEINMANN, Acta zool. hung., 28: 373; fig. 25 (male ultimate tergite with forceps) (North Bengal, and Bhutan). Literature: BURR, 1 9 1 0 , 1 9 1 1 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 .

Description: Male general colour blackish-brown; head and legs yellow, lateral margins of pronotum yellowish; abdomen and forceps somewhat reddishbrown. Head rounded, tumid; postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct; posterior margin faintly concave in the middle. Eyes typical, small, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae 12-jointed (after BURR); first joint well developed, about as long as distance between antennal bases; second small, third as long as fourth. Pronotum about as wide as the head, and about as long as wide; anterior margin truncate, sides parallel, posterior margin rounded; median longitudinal furrow present; prozona tumid, metazona depressed. Tegmina smooth, parallel-sided, long and black; wings long, smooth and black, with a small yellowish spot at the apex of the suture. Legs rather short, slender. Abdomen gently dilated before the apex, tergites punctulate; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 prominent. Ultimate tergite transverse, almost rectangular, posterior margin straight or trisinuate; the corners distinctly rectangular, with a pair of low tumid elevations over the roots of the forceps. Pygidium forming a short stumpy tubercle medially. Forceps (Fig. 491) with the branches remote at the base, cylindrical in cross-section, elongate and nearly straight, very gently sinuate, incurved at the apex, armed at the middle of the inner margin with a

Fig. 491 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Paratimomenus brahma (BURR). After STEINMANN.

Fig. 492 Male genital armature of Paratimomenus brahma (BURR). Original.

315 flattened, strong, sharp tooth directed backwards. Genitalia (Fig. 492, gen. prep. No. 7 7 4 , det. Dr. STEINMANN) elongate; central parameral plate well developed, virga within genital lobe very long with a specific strongly sclerotized plate basally; external parameres comparatively small and short, with obtuse apices. Female similar to male, but forceps simple, tapering, contiguous, straight. Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 16-19 m. Distribution: North Bengal, Vietnam and Bhutan. 3. Paratimomenus nathani 1969

1974

(SRIVASTAVA)

Timomenus nathani SRIVASTAVA, EOS, Madrid, 4 4 : 4 2 8 ; fig. 5 (first antennal joint), 6 (penultimate sternite), 7 (male ultimate tergite with forceps), 9 (genitalia of holotype). - Terra typica: India (Type male: Nation. Coll. Zool. Survey India, Calcutta). Paratimomenus nathani - STEINMANN, Folia ent. hung., 2 7 ( 2 ) : 2 0 1 ; fig. 3 9 (male genitalia).

L i t e r a t u r e : SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 .

Description: Male head, pronotum and abdomen shining black with greenish purple sheen; lateral margins of pronotum dirty white, antennae and legs dark blackish-brown; tegmina dark brown, wings yellowish-brown with a yellow spot at tip; forceps black. Head triangular, almost as wide as long; frons tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures deeply marked, faint tubercles on either side of coronal suture near posterior margin, which is straight. Eyes small, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae 12-jointed (after SRIVASTAVA); first joint club-shaped, thick; second small; fourth joint longer than third. Pronotum

Fig. 493 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Paratimomenus nathani (SRIVASTAVA). After

Fig. 494 Holotype genital armature of Paratimomenus nathani (SRIVASTAVA). After

SRIVASTAVA.

SRIVASTAVA.

316 as wide as long; lateral margins feebly convex, posterior margin rounded; median longitudinal furrow distinct; prozon tumid and metazona weakly so. Tegmina slightly less than double the length of pronotum, smooth, without lateral ridges. Abdomen smooth except for 9th tergite, which is sparsely punctate in anterior half; narrowed basally; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct. Ultimate tergite transverse, smooth, sloping and contracted posteriorly, lateral margins sinuate, posterior margin between the bases of forceps deeply emarginate, above the roots oblique and faintly emarginate, with an oblique ridge exteending from posterior angles to the middle of tergite. Forceps (Fig. 493) with branches long and cylindrical, subremote at base, rather depressed in basal third on oblique ridge dorsally; inner margins unarmed, but sometimes with numerous small tubercles. Genitalia (Fig. 494) specific; central parameral plate comparatively short, virga within genital lobe long, external parameres moderately large with apices acuminate, directed inwards. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 19.5-20 mm. Distribution: India. 4.

Paratimomenus archiboldi

SRIVASTAVA

1982 Paratimomenus archiboldi SRIVASTAVA, Rec. Zool. Surv. India, 80: 501; fig. 3A (male in dorsal view), 3B (genitalia of holotype). - Terra typica: New Guinea (Type male: Amer. Mus. nat. Hist., New York).

Description: Male general colour chocolate brown; tegmina and wings brownish-black, former with longitudinal irregular yellow stripe in middle and the latter with an oblique yellow stripe medially. Head slightly longer than wide, smooth, postfrontal and coronal sutures finely distinct; posterior margin feebly emarginate in the middle. Eyes small, shorter then the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint stout, somewhat shorter than distance between antennal bases, but longer than combined length of second and third joint. Pronotum smooth, slightly wider than long; lateral margins convex, posterior angles rounded, posterior margin more or less straight; median longitudinal furrow faint, prozona raised and well demarcated from flat metazona. Tegmina and wings well developed. Abdomen spindle-shaped, convex, tergites smooth, sides of segments smooth, convex. Ultimate tergite transverse, smooth, convex above, sloping backwards, narrowed posteriorly with posterior margin trisinuate. Forceps (Fig. 495), somewhat resembling Forficula-type, stout, depressed in basal third, internally strongly serrated, dorsally with an oblong depression, afterwards branches gently raised, tapering, compressed and strongly curved, enclosing an oval space. Armed above with a sharp vertical, posteriorly directed tooth, a little before middle. Genitalia (Fig. 496) with paramere broad, narrowed basally; virga within genital lobe long, external parameres flat, obtuse. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 12.5 mm. Distribution: New Guinea.

317

Fig. 495 Holotype ultimate tergite with forceps of Paratimomenus archiboldi SRIVASTAVA. After SRIVASTAVA.

Fig. 496 Holotype genital armature of Paratimomenus archiboldi SRIVASTAVA. After SRIVASTAVA.

5. Paratimomenus incognitus sp. nov. Terra typica: Formosa, VII-14-34, gen. prep. No. 1016, det. Dr. H. Termeszettudomanyi Muzeum, Budapest).

STEINMANN

(Type male:

Description: Male head, pronotum, abdominal tergites very dark brownishblack; antennae and legs dark brown, tegmina and wings dark reddish-brown, and forceps dark reddish-black. Head somewhat longer than broad; postfrontal and coronal sutures faintly distict; frons tumid; posterior margin emarginate in the middle. Eyes comparatively large, but somewhat shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint very long, cylindrical, essentially longer than distance between antennal bases; second quadratic, third about as long as fourth. Pronotum a little longer than wide, lateral margins faintly convex, posterior angles and margin broadly rounded; median longitudinal furrow present; prozona tumid, metazona flat. Tegmina and wings well developed, unicolorous. Abdomen narrowed anteriorly, lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 comparatively small. Ultimate tergite sloping, strongly narrowed posteriorly; dorsal surface with two very small, but sharp, tubercles laterally. Forceps (Fig. 497) of Eparchus-type; branches somewhat depressed basally, with sharp, prominent dorsal tooth, and with a prominent apical tooth on inner margin. Genitalia (Fig. 498) of Paratimomenus-type; central parameral plate moderately narrow, virga within genital lobe long, with strongly sclerotized section basally; external parameres gibbous, outer margins broadly rounded. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps. 17.5 mm. Distribution: Taiwan.

318

Fig. 497 Holotype ultimate tergite with forceps of Paratimomenus incognitus sp.n. Original.

6.

Paratimomenus elongatus

Fig. 498 Holotype genital armature of Paratimomenus incognitus sp.n. Original.

(SRIVASTAVA)

comb. nov.

1976 Timomenus elongatus SRIVASTAVA, Pacific Insects, 17 (1): 134; fig. 81 (male in dorsal view), 82 (penultimate sternite), 83 (genitalia of holotype), 84 (female ultimate tergite with forceps). Terra typica: Negros (Type male, type No. 10.233: Bishop Mus., Honolulu). Literature: SAKAI, 1982.

Description: Male general colour shiny black; antennae dark brownish-black; pronotum yellow on sides, tegmina and wings dark brownish-black. Head as wide as long, convex, smooth, postfrontal and coronal sutures faint, posterior margin straight. Eyes small, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint stout, about as long as distance between antennal bases; second small and short, third and fourth subequal. Pronotum slightly wider than long, lateral margins convex, posterior angles and margin broadly rounded; median longitudinal furrow faint, prozona tumid and well differentiated from flat metazona. Tegmina and wings well or fully developed, smooth, former with posterior margin obliquely concave. Abdomen long, gradually enlarging from base to 7th tergite, then gently contracted, strongly but sparsely punctate; lateral glandular folds on third tergite weak and on fourth prominent. Ultimate tergite transverse, gently contracted and sloping posteriorly, stripes of punctate and smooth areas alternating, tumid above the roots of forceps and faintly depressed in-between; posterior margin trisinuate. Forceps (Fig. 499) similar to simulans (SRIVASTAVA); long, straight, tapering posteriorly, subcontiguous basally and medially, strongly bowed apically, apices pointed. Genitalia (Fig. 500) comparatively large; central parameral plate typical, virga within genital lobe very long and associated with a sclerotized curvature basally; external parameres somewhat expanded medially, broadly rounded on outer margins. - Female very similar

w

319

I

(

Fig. 499 Holotype ultimate tergite with forceps of Paratimomenus elongatus

Fig. 500 Holotype genital armature of Paratimomenus

(SRIVASTAVA). After

After

elongatus

(SRIVASTAVA).

SRIVASTAVA.

SRIVASTAVA.

Fig. 501 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Paratimomenus elongatus (SRIVASTAVA). After SRIVASTAVA.

to male, but forceps (Fig. 501) simple, straight. - Length of body with forceps, male: 16-17 mm, female: 13-14 mm. Distribution: Philippine Islands: Negros. 7. Paratimomenus simulans

(SRIVASTAVA)

comb. nov.

1976 Timomenus simulans SRIVASTAVA, Pacific Insects, 17 (1): 134; fig. 85 (male in dorsal view), 86 (penultimate sternite), 87 (genitalia of holotype). - Terra typica: Negros (Type male, type No. 10.234: Bishop Mus., Honolulu). Literature: SAKAI, 1982.

Description: Male general colour shiny dark brownish-black, antennae and forceps a little lighter. Head smooth, triangular, postfrontal and coronal sutures obsolete, posterior margin straight. Eyes typical, very small, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint stout, clavate, about as long as distance between antennal bases; second quadrate, third subclavate, equal to fourth, but shorter than fifth. Pronotum somewhat wider than long, sides very slightly converging posteriorly with margin rounded; median longitudinal furrow faint; prozona tumid and well differentiated from flat metazona. Tegmina and wings fully developed. Abdomen with forceps (Fig. 502) very similar to elongatus (SRIVASTAVA). Genitalia (Fig. 5 0 3 ) comparatively large, central parameral plate narrowed basally and expanded apically; virga within genital lobe median size, with sclerotized section basally; external parameres somewhat expanded apically, outer margins straight basally and medially, rounded apically. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 17 mm. Distribution: Philippine Islands: Negros.

320

Fig. 502 Holotype ultimate tergite with forceps of Paratimomenus simulans

Fig. 503 Holotype genital armature of Paratimomenus simulans (SRIVASTAVA). After

(SRIVASTAVA). A f t e r SRIVASTAVA.

SRIVASTAVA.

Genus 33: Eparchus

BURR

1907 Eparchus BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. London. 1907: 120. - Species typica: Forficula insignis DE HAAN, 1842 (for subfamily Eparchinae). 1908 Taipinia SHIRAKI, Trans. Sapporo nat. Hist. Soc., 2 (1 -2): 105. - Species typica: Taipiniapulla SHIRAKI, 1908 (for subfamily Opisthocosmiinae). 1911 Eparchus - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 94 (in subfamily Opisthocosmiinae). 1911 Taipinia -BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 94 (as synonym of Eparchus BURR, 1907). 1911 Narberia BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 94. - Species typica: Opisthocosmia biroi BURR, 1 9 0 2 . - s y n . n . .

1989 Eparchus - STEINMANN, World Catalogue of Dermaptera, Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, p. 697. L i t e r a t u r e : BEY-BIENKO, 1 9 3 6 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 7 5 ; TOWNES, 1 9 4 5 .

1 9 8 2 ; SHIRAKI,

1928;

Description: Head smooth. Antennae with joints slender and cylindrical; third and fourth joints about the same length. Pronotum, about as long as wide or somewhat longer than wide, and about as wide as the head. Tegmina well developed, well rounded at the shoulders and tapering apically. Wings prominent or absent. Legs long and slender; tarsi slender, first joint longer than second and third together. Abdomen spindle-shaped, narrow at the base, ditaled about the middle, strongly convex and attenuate apically. Male forceps various, more or less straight or undulate in the lateral view, branches with or without dorsal or inner tooth. Female forceps simple, tapering, contiguous. Distribution: Oriental and Indo-Australian regions. 12 species (and 2 species in doubtful position). Identification key to the species 1

Sides of male abdominal tergites with smaller or larger lateral tubercles on tergites 6 - 8 or 5 - 8 . Dorsal tooth of male forceps very large, blunt, directed upwards

2

320

Fig. 502 Holotype ultimate tergite with forceps of Paratimomenus simulans

Fig. 503 Holotype genital armature of Paratimomenus simulans (SRIVASTAVA). After

(SRIVASTAVA). A f t e r SRIVASTAVA.

SRIVASTAVA.

Genus 33: Eparchus

BURR

1907 Eparchus BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. London. 1907: 120. - Species typica: Forficula insignis DE HAAN, 1842 (for subfamily Eparchinae). 1908 Taipinia SHIRAKI, Trans. Sapporo nat. Hist. Soc., 2 (1 -2): 105. - Species typica: Taipiniapulla SHIRAKI, 1908 (for subfamily Opisthocosmiinae). 1911 Eparchus - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 94 (in subfamily Opisthocosmiinae). 1911 Taipinia -BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 94 (as synonym of Eparchus BURR, 1907). 1911 Narberia BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 94. - Species typica: Opisthocosmia biroi BURR, 1 9 0 2 . - s y n . n . .

1989 Eparchus - STEINMANN, World Catalogue of Dermaptera, Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, p. 697. L i t e r a t u r e : BEY-BIENKO, 1 9 3 6 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 7 5 ; TOWNES, 1 9 4 5 .

1 9 8 2 ; SHIRAKI,

1928;

Description: Head smooth. Antennae with joints slender and cylindrical; third and fourth joints about the same length. Pronotum, about as long as wide or somewhat longer than wide, and about as wide as the head. Tegmina well developed, well rounded at the shoulders and tapering apically. Wings prominent or absent. Legs long and slender; tarsi slender, first joint longer than second and third together. Abdomen spindle-shaped, narrow at the base, ditaled about the middle, strongly convex and attenuate apically. Male forceps various, more or less straight or undulate in the lateral view, branches with or without dorsal or inner tooth. Female forceps simple, tapering, contiguous. Distribution: Oriental and Indo-Australian regions. 12 species (and 2 species in doubtful position). Identification key to the species 1

Sides of male abdominal tergites with smaller or larger lateral tubercles on tergites 6 - 8 or 5 - 8 . Dorsal tooth of male forceps very large, blunt, directed upwards

2

321 1' Sides of male abdominal tergites simple, convex, without lateral tubercles. Dorsal tooth of male forceps present or absent 3 2 Prono turn longer than wide; wings present, normally developed. Sides of male abdominal tergites 6 - 7 or 6 - 8 with smaller or larger lateral tubercles, but tergite 5 without protuberance. Dorsal tooth of male forceps in perpendicular direction (Fig. 504). External parameres of male genitalia comparatively large, virga within genital lobe with large sclerotized plate 1. Eparchus insigáis, p. 321 2' Prono turn about as long as wide; wings absent. Sides of male abdominal tergites 5 - 8 with larger lateral tubercles. Dorsal tooth of male forceps in latero-vertical position (Fig. 507). External parameres of male genitalia comparatively small, virga within genital lobe without sclerotized plate 2. Eparchus globus, p. 323 3 Male forceps undulate in lateral view, branches with large, prominent, generally sharp, pointed dorsal tooth on median or basal portion 4 3' Male forceps more or less straight or arched, but not undulate in lateral view 7 4 Pronotum somewhat longer than wide; male forceps with sharp, conspicuous apical tooth on inner margin; dorsal tooth in post-median position (Fig. 509) .. 3. Eparchus forcipatus, p. 324 4' Pronotum about as long as wide; male forceps without apical tooth 5 5 Virga within male genital lobe turned back (Fig. 513), basal vesicle somewhat resembling Forficula-type; apical portion of male forceps angularly curved (Fig. 512) 4. Eparchus crucentatus, p. 325 5' Virga within male genital lobe undulate; basal vesicle not of Forficula-type; apical portion of male forceps normally curved 6 6 Wings yellow; male forceps elongated, comparatively straight, branches without sharp inner tooth neear the dorsal tooth (Fig. 515) 5. Eparchus tenellus, p. 326 6' Wings brown, but humeral margins ornamented with narrow yellowish bands; male forceps strongly curved apically, branches with inner tooth near the dorsal tooth 6. Eparchus burri, p. 328 7 Male forceps with generally small, but prominent, dorsal tooth (Fig. 519); male genitalia characteristic, not of Eparchus-type, virga within genital lobe straight (Fig. 520). 7. Eparchus mindanensis, p. 329 T Male forceps without dorsal tooth, but with or without dorsal edge basally; virga within male genital lobe undulate 8 8 Inner margins of male forceps parallel basally or sometimes medially 9 8' Inner margins of male forceps not parallel 10 9 General colour yellow; male forceps comparatively elongate and slender (Fig. 522); external parameres of male genitalia conspicuously narrow (Fig. 523), virga within genital lobe associated with a strongly sclerotized plate basally 8. Eparchus subflavus, p. 330 9' General colour dark brown; male forceps comparatively short and wide (Fig. 525); external parameres of male genitalia normally developed (Fig. 526), virga within genital lobe not associated with a strongly sclerotized plate basally 9. Eparchus mercator, p. 331 10 Pronotum somewhat longer than wide; male forceps with shorter or longer, generally sharp, dorsal edge basally (Fig. 527); male genitalia various, external parameres comparatively large (Fig. 528) 10. Eparchus simplex, p. 332 10' Pronotum about as long as wide, broadly rounded posteriorly; male forceps without sharp dorsal edge; external parameres of male genitalia moderately small or normally developed 11 11 Coronal suture with praevertical section; male forceps as in Fig. 529 11 .Eparchus biroi, p. 334 11' Coronal suture without praevertical section; male forceps various, as in Fig. 532 12. Eparchus dux, p. 335

1. Eparchus insignis (DE

HAAN)

1842 Forficula insignis DE HAAN, Verh. natur. Ges. Nederl. Overz. Bezitt.: 243; pi. 23, fig. 15 (male in dorsal view). - Terra typica: Java (Type male: unknown locality). 1865 Opisthocosmia insignis - DOHRN. Stettin, ent. Ztg., 26: 81.

322 1907 Eparchus insignis - BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. London, 1907: 120. 1916 Eparchus insignis - BURR, J1R. microsc. Soc., 1916: 16; pi. 5, fig. 4 (male genitalia). Literature: BEY-BIENKO, 1936; BORELLI, 1932; BURR, 1910, 1911; GANGOLA, 1965; HINCKS, 1947; KIRBY, 1904; RAMAMURTHI, 1960; SAKAI, 1973, 1982; SRIVASTAVA, 1976; ZACHER, 1911.

Description: Male general colour dark reddish-chestnut, somewhat varying to almost black. Head smooth, somewhat tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures distinct; posterior margin emarginate in the middle. Eyes small, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae 12-jointed; first well developed, about as long as distance between antennal bases; second quadratic. Pronotum about as wide as head, slightly longer than wide; anterior margin truncate, sides almost parallel, posterior angles and margin broadly rounded; median longitudinal furrow distict; prozona fairly strongly elevated, metazona depressed. Tegmina broad, well rounded at the shoulders, chestnut, generally paler and reddish at the shoulders, or almost testaceous. Wings long and prominent, yellow with brown markings, sometimes almost obsolete, sometimes strong and pronounced, in the form of a dark band crossing obliquely from the base of the suture to the extreme apical corner. Abdomen strongly dilated about the middle and strongly attenuated basally and apically. Sides of tergites 6 - 7 or 6 - 8 with smaller or larger conical stout tubercles. Ultimate tergite strongly attenuate, very strongly sloping, with two blunt elevations above the roots of the forceps. Forceps (Fig. 504) with branches subcontiguous at the base, fairly stout, and gradually

Fig. 504 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Eparchus

Originai.

insignis (DE HAAN).

Fig. 505 Male genital armature of Eparchus insignis (DE HAAN). After

Fig. 506 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of

BURR.

Originai.

Eparchus

insignis (DE HAAN).

323 converging; quite near the base, on the dorsal surface, there is on each branch a vertical knob, blunt and rounded at the apex. Genitalia (Fig. 505) normally developed; central parameral plate comparatively short, virga within genital lobe associated with a larger sclerotized plate; external parameres comparatively large. - Female similar to male, but sides of abdominal tergites without lateral tubercles, and forceps (Fig. 506) simple, straight and very narrow; branches sometimes with long dorsal keel. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 13.5-18 mm. Distribution: Oriental region. 2. Eparchus globus sp. nov. Terra typica: Java, K. Frustorfer S., gen. prep. No. 959, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN. (Type male: Termeszettudomanyi Muzeum, Budapest).

Description: Male general colour dark reddish-brown, antennae and legs brown. Head broad, tumid; postfrontal and coronal sutures distinct; posterior margin more or less straight. Eyes moderately large, about as long as the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint well developed, cylindrical, about as long as distance between antennal bases, the rest broken in holotype. Pronotum about as long as wide; lateral margin faintly convex, posterior margin rounded; median longitudinal furrow indistinct; prozona tumid, metazona flat. Tegmina well developed, rounded at the shoulders, posterior margins straight. Wings

Fig. 507 Holotype abdominal end with forceps of Eparchus globus sp.n. Original.

Fig. 508 Holotype genital armature of Eparchus globus sp.n. Original.

324 absent. Abdomen strongly narrowed basally and apically, depressed and expanded medially; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct, sides of tergites 5 - 8 with smaller or larger, blunt tubercles. Ultimate tergite transverse, very strongly sloping. Forceps (Fig. 507) with branches subcontiguous at the base, fairly stout, and gradually converging; dorsal surface of branches ornamented with a very large, blunt tubercle, which is directed latero-vertically. Inner margins with a further tooth internally near the apex. Genitalia (Fig. 508) of Eparchus-type\ central parameral plate normally developed, somewhat narrowed basally and widened apically; virga within genital lobe long, without sclerotized plate basally; external parameres comparatively short and small. Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 20 mm. Distribution: Indonesia: Java. 3.

Eparchus forcipatus

(DE

HAAN)

1842 Forficulaforcipata DE HAAN, Verh. natur. Ges. Nederl. Overz. Bezitt.: 243; pi. 23, fig. 2 (male in dorsal view). - Terra typica: Sumatra (Type male: Rijksmus, natuurl. Hist., Leiden). 1865 Opisthocosmia forcipata - DOHRN, Stettiner ent. Ztg., 26: 81. 1904 Opisthocosmia errois BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. London, 1904: 308. - Terra typica: Sarawak (Type male: Mus. nation. Hist, nat., Paris). 1911 Cordax forcipatus - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 95 (Borneo, Sumatra, India). 1911 Opisthocosmia errois -BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 95 [as synonym o f f o r c i p a t a (DE HAAN, 1842)]. 1926 Cordax forcipatus var. brevipennis BORELLI, Treubia, Buitenzorg, 8: 273 (Java). 1954 Cordax forcipatus var. brevicontigua BOESEMAN, Zool. Verh., Leiden, 21: 188; fig. 26e (male forceps) (Sumatra). 1954 Cordax forcipatus var. formosana BOESEMAN, Zool. Verh., Leiden, 21: 118; fig. 26f (male forceps) (Formosa). 1976 Eparchus forcipatus - SRIVASTAVA, Misc. Pub. Occ. (Calcutta), 2: 73 (India, Burma, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Lombok, Celebes, and Taiwan). 1976 Eparchus oberthuri BORELLI, 1912, SRIVASTAVA, Misc. Publ. Occ. (Calcutta), 2: 73 [incorrect synonymy with forcipatus (DE HAAN, 1842)]. 1976 Eparchus inermis HEBARD, 1923, SRIVASTAVA, Misc. Publ. Occ. (Calcutta), 2: 73 [incorrect synonymy with forcipatus (DE HAAN), 1842)]. L i t e r a t u r e : BORMANS & KRAUSS, 1 9 0 0 ; BURR, 1 9 1 0 ; BRINDLE, 1 9 6 5 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 .

Description: Male general colour dark brownish-red; lateral margins of pronotum and apices of wings, yellowish. Head large, broad, tumid; postfrontal and coronal sutures distinct; posterior margin emarginate in the middle. Eyes normally developed, about as long as the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint fully developed, somewhat longer than disance between antennal bases; second quadrate, the rest typical, cylindrical. Pronotum somewhat longer than wide, lateral margins faintly convex, posterior angles and margin rounded; median longitudinal furrow present; prozona tumid, metazona flat. Tegmina and wings fully developed. Abdomen fusiform, narrowed anteriorly and posteriorly; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct. Sides of abdominal tergites smooth. Ultimate tergite strongly sloping, simple. Forceps (Fig. 509) elongate and narrow; branches undulate in lateral view, with prominent dorsal tooth;

325

Fig. 509 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Eparchus forcipatus (DE HAAN). Original.

Fig. 510 Male genital armature of Eparchus forcipatus (DE HAAN). After SRIV ASTAVA.

Fig. 511 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Eparchus forcipatus (DE HAAN). Original.

cylindrical in cross-section except for a short median section, faintly depressed near dorsal tooth; apical part strongly curved, with prominent inner tooth. Genitalia (Fig. 510) typical; central parameral plate narrow, virga within genital lobe long, with specific curvature basally; external parameres medium size. Female similar to male, but forceps (Fig. 511) very slender, narrow, simple. Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 14-19 mm. Distribution: India, Burma, Taiwan, Indonesia: Java, Borneo, Celebes, Sumatra, Lombok, and New Guinea. 4. Eparchus cruentatus BURR 1909 Eparchus cruentatus BURR, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (8) 4:115. - Terra typica: Lombok (Type male: Brit. Mus. nat. Hist., London). 1911 Eparchus cruentatus -BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122:94; pi. 8, fig. 10 (male in dorsal view). 1932 Pareparchus cruentatus - BORELLI, J1 Malay. St. Mus., 17 (1): 200. 1932 Eparchus tenellus cruentatus - GÜNTHER, Sber. Ges. naturf. Freunde Berlin, 1932: 483. Literature: BOESEMAN, 1954; BORELLI, 1926; HINCKS, 1954; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1982; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 .

Description: Male general colour very dark reddish-brown; pronotum, humeral margins of wings, and legs yellowish-brown. Head broad, tumid; postfrontal and coronal sutures faintly marked; posterior margin convex in the middle. Eyes comparatively small, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint well developed, about as long as distance between antennal

326

bases, the rest typical. Pronotum about as long as wide; lateral margins convex, posterior angles and margin broadly rounded; median longitudinal furrow distinct; prozona fairly strongly elevated and metazona depressed. Tegmina and wings normally developed, smooth. Abdomen a little widened medially; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 normally developed; sides of tergites smooth. Ultimate tergite transverse, and strongly sloping, with two blunt elevations above the roots of the forceps; posterior margin concave medially. Forceps (Fig. 512) strongly undulate in lateral view, dorsal tooth prominent, sharp, directed upwards; branches cylindrical in cross-section, more or less straight, subcontiguous basally and medially, angularly curved apically. Genitalia (Fig. 513, gen. prep. no. 9 6 1 , det. Dr. H . STEINMANN from Sunda) with Forficulatype specific virga, but virga turned back apically; external parameres comparatively large, simple. - Female very similar to male, but forceps (Fig. 514) simple, branches somewhat depressed, inner margins unarmed. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 1 0 . 5 - 1 3 mm. Distribution: Philippine Islands, Indonesia: Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Celebes, Lombok, Flores, Sunda, Bali, and New Guinea.

Fig. 512 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Eparchus crucentatus BURR. Original.

Fig. 513 Male genital armature of Eparchus crucentatus BURR. Original.

5.

Fig. 514 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Eparchus crucentatus BURR. Original.

Eparchus tenellus (DE HAAN)

1842 Forficula tenella DE HAAN, Verh. naturf. Ges. Nederl. Overz. Bezitt.: 243. - Terra typica: Java (Type female: Rijksmus. naturi. Hist., Leiden). 1865 Opisthocosmia tenella - DOHRN, Stettiner ent. Ztg., 26: 82. 1910 Eparchus tenellus - BURR, Fauna brit. India, Derm.: 193; fig. 100 (male in dorsal view) (Burma, Java, Borneo, Sumatra, Celebes).

327 1934 Eparchus tenellus tenellus - GÜNTHER, Ent. Beitr., 1: 102. 1934 Eparchus tenellus continentalis GÜNTHER, Ent. Beitr., 1:102.-Terra typica: Burma (Type male: Mus. Naturkunde, Berlin), syn. n. 1934 Eparchus tenellus obesus GÜNTHER, Ent. Beitr., 1:102. - Terra typica: Borneo (Type male: Mus. Naturkunde, Berlin), syn. n. 1934 Eparchus tenelluspallidus GÜNTHER, Ent. Beitr., 1:102.-Terra typica: New Guinea (Type male: Mus. Naturkunde, Berlin), syn. n. 1934 Eparchus tenellussumatrensis GÜNTHER, Ent. Beitr., 1:102. - T e r r a typica: Sumatra (Type male: Mus. Naturkunde, Berlin) syn. n. Literature: BORELLI, 1 9 2 6 ; BORMANS & KRAUSS, 1 9 0 0 ; BOESEMAN, 1 9 5 4 ; BRINDLE, 1971; HEBARD, 1 9 2 7 ; KIRBY, 1 9 0 4 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 .

Description: Male general colour dark brownish-black, varied with yellowish markings; lateral margins of pronotum and wings totally or partially, yellow. Head comparatively small, tumid; postfrontal and coronal sutures obsolete; posterior margin emarginate in the middle. Eyes prominent but small, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae with 1 0 - 1 2 joints (after BURR); first joint well developed, longer than distance between antennal bases; second transverse or quadratic; the rest typical, slender and cylindrical. Pronotum about as wide as the head, and about as long as wide; anterior margin truncate, lateral margins faintly convex, posterior angles and margin broadly rounded; median longitudinal furrow distict; prozona tumid, and well separated from flat metazona. Tegmina and wings well or fully developed. Legs long and slender, the base of the femora, apex of the tibiae, and the tarsi sometimes yellow or yellowish. Abdomen fusiform, somewhat or sometimes strongly widened medially, decidedly convex and tapering towards the apex; sides of tergites

Fig. 515 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Eparchus tenellus (DE HAAN). Original.

Fig. 516 Male genital armature of Eparchus tenellus (DE HAAN). Original.

328 unarmed, smooth. Ultimate tergite various, longer than wide, quadrate or transverse, but strongly sloping and decidedly narrowed posteriorly or less sloping, and simple. Forceps (Fig. 515) various, generally slender, cylindrical in cross-section, contiguous at the base, more or less straight or sometimes curved, principally at apical section; dorsal surface ornamented with a large, sharp tooth. Genitalia (Fig. 516, gen. prep. No. 960 det. Dr. H. STEINMANN from Sumatra) comparatively large and broad; central parameral plate strongly narrowed basally, and expanded medially; virga within genital lobe elongate; external parameres well or fully developed. - Female very similar to male, but forceps simple, tapering, contiguous, unarmed. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 11-15 mm. Distribution: Oriental and Indo-Australian regions.

6. Eparchus burri (BORMANS) 1903 Opisthocosmia burri BORMANS, in BURR, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (7) 11: 267. - Terra typica: Celebes (Type male, type No. 20.866: BRUNNER'S Collection). 1910 Eparchus burri - BURR, Fauna brit. India, Derm.: 194. 1934 Eparchus tenellus burri - GÜNTHER, Ent. Beitr., 1: 102. 1954 Eparchus burri - BOESEMAN, Zool. Verh., Leiden, 21: 114 (Java). L i t e r a t u r e : BORELLI, 1 9 1 6 ; BURR, 1 9 1 1 , 1 9 1 2 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 .

1982;

Description: Male general colour light or dark yellowish-brown; sutural margins of wings yellow. Head broad, tumid; postfrontal and coronal sutures obsolete; posterior margin faintly convex in the middle. Eyes prominent, but shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint long, cylindrical, about as long as distancee between antennal bases; second quadrate, the rest typical. Pronotum about as long as wide; lateral margins straight, more or less parallel, posterior margin rounded; median longitudinal furrow indistinct; prozona and metazona well separated. Tegmina and wings well developed. Abdomen typical, fusiform, somewhat widened medially, narrowed basally and apically; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 present. Ultimate tergite strongly sloping. Forceps (Fig. 517) characteristic, of Eparchus-type; branches more or less straight and parallel basally and medially, cylindrical in cross-section; dorsal surface ornamented with a large, sharp tooth; inner margins near dorsal tooth serrated or crenulated, and ending in a prominent inner tooth; apical portion of forceps strongly curved. Genitalia (Fig. 518, gen. prep. No. 536, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN from Java) very broad; central parameral plate comparatively short and wide; virga within genital lobe normally developed, medium-size, with a specific, sclerotized plate basally; external parameres comparatively large and long. - Female very similar to male, but forceps simple, tapering, contiguous. Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 13-15 mm. Distribution: Philippine Islands: Mindanao; Indonesia: Celebes and Java.

329

Fig. 517 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Eparchus burri (BORMANS). Original.

7.

Eparchus mindanesis

Fig. 518 Male genital armature of Eparchus burri (BORMANS). Original.

GÜNTHER

stat. nov.

1934 Eparchus tenellus ssp. mindanesis GÜNTHER, Ent. Beitr., 1:102. - Terra typica: Mindanao (Type male: Mus. Naturkunde, Berlin). Literature: SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 8 3 .

Description: Male general colour dark reddish-brown; antennae, legs and forceps dark brown; humeral margins of wings ornamented with wide yellowish bands. Head comparatively small, tumid, smooth; postfrontal and coronal sutures obsolete; posterior margin convex in the middle. Eyes prominent, only slightly shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint long and cylindrical, about as long as distance between antennal bases; second transverse, the rest typical. Pronotum about as long as wide; lateral margins with posterior angles and margin broadly rounded; median longitudinal furrow present; prozona fairly strongly elevated and metazona depressed. Tegmina and wings fully developed. Abdomen somewhat depressed; lateral glandular folds on tergite 3 small, and on tergite 4 large. Ultimate tergite transverse, sloping, simple. Forceps (Fig. 519) of Eparchus-type; branches with more or less straight basal and median sections, and strongly or angularly curved apical portion. Dorsal surface ornamented with a smaller, but prominent, sharp tooth. Genitalia (Fig. 5 2 0 , gen. prep. No. 9 6 2 , det. Dt. H. STEINMANN from cotype) characteristic; central parameral plate narrowed basally and widened apically; virga within genital lobe conspicuous, straight, not of Eparchus-type; external parameres normally developed, large. - Female very similar to male, but forceps (Fig. 521)

330

Fig. 519 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Eparchus mindanensis

mindanensis

GÜNTHER. Original.

Original.

Fig. 520 Male genital armature of Eparchus GÜNTHER.

Fig. 521 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Eparchus mindanensis GÜNTHER. Original.

comparatively short and depressed, straight, tapering, simple. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 9 - 1 1 mm. Distribution: Philippine Islands: Mindanao. 8.

Eparchus subflavus (STEINMANN) comb. nov.

1983 Narberia subflava STEINMANN, Zool. Zh., Moscow, 62: 1747; fig. 5 (male ultimate tergite with forceps), 6 (genitalia of holotype). - Terra typica: Vietnam (Type male, gen. prep. No. 765, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN: Zool. Inst. Mus. Acad. Sci. URSS, Leningrad).

Description: Male general colour light yellowish-brown and yellow; lateral margins of pronotum, humeral margins and tips of wings, whitish. Head comparatively large, somewhat wide than pronotum; postfrontal and coronal sutures distinct; posterior margin faintly convex in the middle: Eyes normally developed, about as long or a little shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint very long, essentially longer than distance between antennal bases; second transverse, the rest joints slightly longer than wide, or elongated, cylindrical. Pronotum comparatively small, longer than wide; lateral margins more or less parallel-sided, posterior margin rounded; median longitudinal furrow distinct; median part of pronotum tumid, lateral parts depressed, flat. Tegmina and wings fully developed. Abdomen somewhat depressed, fusiform, tergites ornamented with strong puncturation. Ultimate tergite smooth, sloping; posterior margin concave in the middle. Forceps (Fig. 522) with flat basal section, inner margins basally and medially parallel and crenulated, the parallel section ending in a smaller but prominent inner tooth. Genitalia (Fig. 523)

331

Fig. 522 Holotype ultimate tergite with forceps of Eparchus subflavus (STEINMANN). After STEIN-

Fig. 523 Holotype genital armature of Eparchus subflavus (STEINMANN). After STEINMANN.

Fig. 524 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Eparchus subflavus (STEINMANN). Original.

characteristic; central parameral plate strongly narrowed basally, and widened medially, virga within genital lobe associated with a strongly sclerotized plate basally; external parameres conspicuously narrow, specific. - Female very similar to male, but forceps (Fig. 524) slender, more or less cylindrical, simple. Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 8.5-9.5 mm. Distribution: Vietnam. 9.

Eparchus mercator

(STEINMANN)

comb. nov.

1983 Narberia mercator STEINMANN, Zool. Zh., Moscow, 62: 1747; fig. 3 (male ultimate tergite with forceps), 4 (genitalia of holotype). - Terra typica: Vietnam (Type male, gen. prep. No. 764, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN: Zool. Inst. Mus. Acad. Sci. URSS, Leningrad).

Description: Male head light brown frontally, and yellowish-brown vertically; antennae light brown, pronotum dark brown; tegmina and wings brownish, but wings with small whitish patches apically; legs yellow, and abdomen and forceps dark brown. Head rounded, tumid; postfrontal and coronal sutures well marked; posterior margin emarginate in the middle. Eyes prominent, but somewhat shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint very long, essentially longer than distance between antennal bases; second quadratic, the rest long, longer than wide, cylindrical. Pronotum small, longer than wide, lateral margins parallel, posterior margin rounded; median longitudinal furrow distinct. Tegmina and wings fully developed. Abdomen oval, somewhat widened medially; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 present. Ultimate tergite

332 somewhat sloping, narrowed posteriorly, median portion depressed near posterior margin. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 525) characteristic, comparatively short and broad, depressed basally and medially, inner margins crenulate on basally, and with a sharp tooth medially; apical portion curved and cylindrical. Genitalia (Fig. 526) large; central parameral plate broad apically, narrowed basally, virga within genital lobe elongated, with a specific curvature basally; external parameres broad, obtuse apically. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 9,5 mm. Distribution: Vietnam.

Fig. 525 Holotype ultimate tergite with forceps of Eparchus mercator (STEINMANN). After STEINMANN.

10. Eparchus simplex

Fig. 526 Holotype genital armature of Eparchus mercator (STEINMANN). After STEINMANN.

(BORMANS)

1894 Opisthocosmia simplex BORMANS, Ann. Mus. civ. Stor. nat. Genova, (2) 14: 396. - Terra typica: Burma (Type male: Mus. civ. Stor. nat. Genova). 1 9 0 6 Anechura crinitata BURR (nec SHIRAKI, 1 9 0 5 ) , Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (8) 8 : 52. - Terra typica: Formosa (Type male: Brit. Mus. nat. Hist., London). 1908 Taipinia pulla SHIRAKI, Trans. Sapporo, nat. Hist. Soc., 1: 105. - Terra typica: Formosa (Type unknown), syn. n. 1910 Hypurgus simplex BURR, Fauna brit. India Derm.: 189 (Burma, Ceylon, Malay Archipelago). 1912 Eparchus oberthuri BORELLI, Bull. Mus. natn. Hist. nat. Paris, 1912: 19; fig. 4 (male abdominal end with forceps). - Terra typica: Bhutan (Type male: Mus. nation. Hist, nat., Paris). 1921 Narberia tuberculoid BORELLI, Bull. Mus. natn. Hist. nat. Paris, 2: 160. - Terra typica: Borneo (Type male: Mus. nation. Hist, nat., Paris), syn. n. 1923 Eparchus inermis HEBARD, Mem. Dept. agr. India, 7: 237. - Terra typica: India (Type male: Acad. nat. Hist., Philadelphia). 1959 Eparchus panfilovi BEY-BIENKO, Ent. Obozr., Moscow, 38 (3): 624. - Terra typica: China: Yunnan (Type male: unknown locality).

333 1976 Eparchus inermis - SRIVASTAVA, Misc. Publ. Occ. (Calcutta), 2: 73 [incorrect synonymy with forcipatus (DE HAAN, 1842)]. 1981 Eparchus simplex-SRIVASTAVA, Ann. Mus. civ. Stor. nat. Genova, 83: 302; fig. 42 (male dorsal view except ultimate tergite and forceps), 43 (tarsus), 44 (abdominal end with forceps in lateral view), 45 (male forceps), 46 (ditto, laterally), 47 (male genitalia). 1981 Eparchus oberthuri - SRIVASTAVA, Ann. Mus. civ. Stor. nat. Genova, 83: 302 [proposed synonymy with simplex (BORMANS, 1894)]. 1981 Eparchus inermis - SRIVASTAVA, Annali Mus. civ. Stor. nat. Genova, 83: 302 [proposed synonymy with simplex (BORMANS, 1894)]. 1981 Eparchus panfilovi - SRIVASTAVA, Ann. Mus. civ. Stor. nat. Genova, 83: 302 [proposed synonymy with simplex (BORMANS, 1894)]. Literature: BEY-BIENKO, 1 9 3 6 ; BURR, 1 9 1 1 ; KIRBY, 1 9 0 4 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 .

Description: Male general colour deep chestnut with orange-red spots or sometimes reddish-brown, and tips of wings yellow. Head large, smooth, tumid; postfrontal and coronal sutures present; posterior margin more or less straight. Eyes large, about as long as the length of head behind eyes or a little shorter. Antennae 11-jointed (after BURR); first joint long, about as long as distance between antennal bases; second quadratic, third and fourth rather short, about equal in length, the fifth and following distinctly longer. Pronotum longer than wide; lateral margins parallel or very gently convex, posterior margin rounded. Tegmina ample, smooth, well rounded at the sides and shoulders, truncate posteriorly; generally deep brown with a prominent oval orange spot at the shoulders. Abdomen widest about the middle and narrowed apically; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 very distinct. Ultimate tergite ample, smooth,

Fig. 527 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Eparchus simplex (BORMANS). After SRIVASTAVA.

Fig. 528 Male genital armature of Eparchus simplex (BORMANS). After SRIVASTAVA.

334 sloping and narrowed posteriorly; tumid over the roots of the forceps. Branches of forceps (Fig. 527) various, with shorter or longer, generally sharp, dorsal edge basally; nearly contiguous at the base, stout, rounded but rather depressed in the basal third, which is straight and crenulate along the inner margin. Genitalia (Fig. 528, gen. prep. No. 375, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) with comparatively short central parameral plate; virga within genital lobe very long and associated with a larger sclerotized plate basally; external parameres moderately large. - Female similar to male, but ultimate tergite smooth, posterior margin straight and angles rounded; forceps simple, slender, subcontiguous and straight. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 15-19 mm. Distribution: Oriental region. 11. Eparchus biroi (BURR) comb. nov. 1902 Opisthocosmia biroi BURR, Termeszetr. Füz., Budapest, 25: 485; pi. 20, fig. 7 (male in dorsal view). - Terra typica: New Guinea (Type male: unknown locality). 1907 Hypurgus biroi - BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. London, 1907: 102. 1911 Narberia biroi - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 95; pi. 9, fig. 18 (tarsus), 18a (antennae), 18b (pronotum). L i t e r a t u r e : BOESEMAN, 1 9 5 4 ; BURR, 1 9 0 4 ; GÜNTHER, 1 9 2 9 , 1 9 3 0 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 8 3 .

Description: Male general colour dark reddish-brown, but I have a single male exemplar from Mentawei Island, which is light yellowish-brown, with wings, yellow. Head large, broad, a little wider than the width of pronotum; tumid;

Fig. 529 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Eparchus biroi (BURR). Original.

Fig. 530 Male genital armature of Eparchus biroi (BURR). Original.

Fig. 531 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Eparchus biroi (BURR). Original.

335 postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct; posterior margin concave in the middle. Eyes well developed, but a little shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint elongate, longer than distance between antennal bases; the rest typical. Pronotum about as long as wide, lateral margins converging posteriorly, posterior angles and margin broadly rounded; median longitudinal furrow present, prozona tumid, metazona flat. Tegmina and wings well developed. Abdomen typical, somewhat depressed, widened medially; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct. Ultimate tergite smooth, sloping, simple. Forceps (Fig. 529) with branches oval in cross-section basally, cylindrical medially and apically; dorsal tooth absent, inner margins faintly crenulate basally, with an obtuse tooth or protuberance medially. Genitalia (Fig. 530, gen. prep. No. 9 6 3 , det. Dr. H. STEINMANN from Mentawei Island) comparatively small; central parameral plate narrow, convex laterally; virga within genital lobe long, with a sclerotized sac basally; external parameres normally developed. Female very similar to male, but forceps (Fig. 531) simple, tapering and very slender, pointed. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 15-19 mm. Distribution: New Guinea, and Mentawei Islands. 12. Eparchus dux (BORMANS) 1894 Opisthocosmia dux BORMANS, Annali Mus. civ. Stor. nat. Genova, (2) 14 395. - Terra typica: Burma (Type male: Mus. civ. Stor. nat. Genova). 1907 Eparchus dux - BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. London, 1907: 121. 1912 Hypurgus dux - BURR, Annin naturh. Mus., Wien, 26: 98. 1929 Eparchus dux - GÜNTHER, Mitt. Zoöl. Mus. Berlin, 15: 65 (New Guinea). 1981 Eparchus dux - SRIVASTAVA, Ann. Mus. civ. Stor. nat. Genova, 83: 300; fig. 34, (male in dorsal view), 35 (hind tarsus), 36 (male genitalia), 37 (male, paralectotype), 38 (enlarged view of portion of a few abdominal tergites and ultimate tergite), 39-41 (male forceps in lateral view). L i t e r a t u r e : BORMANS & KRAUSS, 1 9 0 0 ; BURR, 1 9 1 0 , 1 9 1 1 ; KIRBY, 1 9 0 4 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 .

Description: Male build slender; general colour chestnut with yellowish markings; lateral margins of pronotum paler, wings with a round yellowish spot at the base, and a little narrow yellow line at the apex. Head broad, tumid; postfrontal and coronal sutures indistict; posterior margin faintly convex in the middle. Eyes normally developed, but somewhat shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae 10-jointed (after BURR); first joint very long, longer than distance between antennal bases, the rest typical. Pronotum as wide as the head, nearly semicircular; anterior margin straight; prozona tumid, metazona and sides depressed. Tegmina ample, smooth, well rounded at the shoulders; wings prominent. Abdomen smooth, strongly dilated, lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 very distinct. Sides of tergites 5 - 7 smooth or sometimes produced into a smaller and strong obtuse triangular lobe. The original description by BORMANS is adequate, but it my be mentioned here that there exists some variation in the degree of development of lateral spines on the sides of abdominal

336

\

Fig. 532 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Eparchus dux (BORMANS). After SRIVASTAVA.

Fig. 533 Male genital armature of Eparchus dux (BORMANS). After SRIVASTAVA.

segments and the shape of the forceps. Ultimate tergite sloping, simple. Forceps (Fig. 532) very various, slender, elongate, straight or curved apically. Genitalia (Fig. 533) with very narrow central parameral plate, virga within genital lobe long, with smaller but sclerotized plate basally; external parameres various, obtuse. Female unknown to me. - Length of body with forceps: 15-21 mm. Distribution: Burma, and New Guinea. Doubtful position ? Eparchus yezoensis

(SHIRAKI)

Labia yezoensis SHIRAKI, J . Sapporo Agr. Coll., 2: 80; fig. l a (male in dorsal view), l b (female forceps). - Terra typica: Sapporo (Type male: unknown locality). 1928 Eparchus yezoensis - SHIRAKI, Insecta matsum., 3 (1): 25. 1905

? Eparchus beccarrii

(BORMANS)

1900 Opisthocosmia beccarrii BORMANS, Ann. Mus. civ. Stor. nat. Genova, 2 (20): 465. - Terra typica: Sumatra (Type male: unknown locality). 1911 Narberia beccarrii - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 95.

Genus 34: Acanthocordax

GÜNTHER

1929 Acanthocordax GÜNTHER, Mitt. zool. Mus. Berlin, 15 (1): 80. - Species typica: Acanthocordax spinosus GÜNTHER, 1 9 2 9 . 1 9 3 3 Stenixus HEBARD, Mem. Qd. Mus., 10: 1 5 4 . - Species typica: Stenixus rhachynotus HEBARD, 1933.

336

\

Fig. 532 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Eparchus dux (BORMANS). After SRIVASTAVA.

Fig. 533 Male genital armature of Eparchus dux (BORMANS). After SRIVASTAVA.

segments and the shape of the forceps. Ultimate tergite sloping, simple. Forceps (Fig. 532) very various, slender, elongate, straight or curved apically. Genitalia (Fig. 533) with very narrow central parameral plate, virga within genital lobe long, with smaller but sclerotized plate basally; external parameres various, obtuse. Female unknown to me. - Length of body with forceps: 15-21 mm. Distribution: Burma, and New Guinea. Doubtful position ? Eparchus yezoensis

(SHIRAKI)

Labia yezoensis SHIRAKI, J . Sapporo Agr. Coll., 2: 80; fig. l a (male in dorsal view), l b (female forceps). - Terra typica: Sapporo (Type male: unknown locality). 1928 Eparchus yezoensis - SHIRAKI, Insecta matsum., 3 (1): 25. 1905

? Eparchus beccarrii

(BORMANS)

1900 Opisthocosmia beccarrii BORMANS, Ann. Mus. civ. Stor. nat. Genova, 2 (20): 465. - Terra typica: Sumatra (Type male: unknown locality). 1911 Narberia beccarrii - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 95.

Genus 34: Acanthocordax

GÜNTHER

1929 Acanthocordax GÜNTHER, Mitt. zool. Mus. Berlin, 15 (1): 80. - Species typica: Acanthocordax spinosus GÜNTHER, 1 9 2 9 . 1 9 3 3 Stenixus HEBARD, Mem. Qd. Mus., 10: 1 5 4 . - Species typica: Stenixus rhachynotus HEBARD, 1933.

337 1969 Acanthocordax - BRINDLE, Entomologist's month. Mag., 105: 275 (revision, and key to species). 1969 Stenixus - BRINDLE, Entomologist's month. Mag., 105: 275 (as synonym of Acanthocordax GÜNTHER, 1929).

1988 Acanthocordax - STEINMANN, Annls hist.-nat. Mus. natn. hung., 80: 51 (revision, key to species). 1989 Acanthocordax - STEINMANN, World Catalogue of Dermaptera, Akademiai Kiadö, Budapest, p.691. Literature: POPHAM, 1965; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1968; RAMAMURTHI, 1967; SAKAI, 1973, 1982; TOWNES, 1945.

Description: Slender and elongated species. Antennal joints greatly elongated and more or less cylindrical. Eyes normally developed. Pronotum specific, relatively small, quadrate or longer than wide, antero-lateral angles produced into teeth or spines; posterior part of pronotum reflexed over base of tegmina. Tegmina and wings well or fully developed. Legs slender. Abdomen generally fusiform, ultimatee tergite sloping. Male forceps slender, more or less cylindrical in cross-section, dorsal surface with or without tooth. Forceps of female with branches simple, straight and contiguous. Distribution: New Guinea and Bismarck Islands. 6 species. Identification key to the species 1 1' 2 2' 3 3' 4 4' 5 5'

Pronotum with pronotal spines greatly elongated; distal part of both branches of male forceps strongly narrowed (Fig. 534) 1 .Acanthocordax spinosus, p. 337 Pronotum with pronotal spine small; distal part of male forceps not strongly narrowed . 2 Pronotum quadrate or almost so; both branches of male forceps with a smaller or larger dorsal tooth 3 Pronotum longer than wide; both branches of male forceps without a dorsal tooth 4 Dorsal tooth of male forceps very long and straight, directed upwards (Fig. 535); external parameres of male genitalia comparatively large (Fig. 536) 2. Acanthocordax dorsaUs, p. 338 Dorsal tooth of male forceps short, strongly curved, directed inwards (Fig. 538); external parameres of male genitalia comparatively short (Fig. 540) 3. Acanthocordax satanus, p. 340 Both branches of male forceps straight, except at apices, distal part not strongly curved (Fig. 541); external parameres of male genitalia comparatively short (Fig. 542) 4. Acanthocordax rhachynotus, p. 341 Both branches of male forceps with distal part strongly curved; external parameres of male genitalia comparatively large 5 Distal part of male forceps more strongly curved (Fig. 543) 5. Acanthocordax papuanus, p. 342 Distal part of male forceps less strongly curved (Fig. 546) 6. Acanthocordax spatulatus, p. 343

1. Acanthocordax spinosus GÜNTHER 1929 Acanthocordax spinosus GÜNTHER, Mitt. zool. Mus. Berlin, 15 (1): 81; fig. 9 (male in dorsal view). - Terra typica: New Guinea (Type male: Mus. Naturkunde, Berlin). 1969 Acanthocordax spinosus -BRINDLE, Entomologist's month. Mag., 105:276; fig. 7 (pronotum), 6 (male forceps) (West Irian and new Guinea). Literature: POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1968; SAKAI, 1973, 1982.

338 Description: Male head blackish-brown, antennae brown, pronotum blackish, tegmina and wings reddish-brown; wings with a yellow spot on the inner margin near apex; abdomen reddish to blackish brown; last tergite lighter in colour; forceps reddish-brown, darker basally. Head comparatively short and broad; frons tumid, smooth, postfrontal and coronal sutures distinct; posterior margin convex. Eyes moderately small, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint very long, essentially longer than distance between antennal bases; second and the rest typical, elongated and cylindrical. Pronotum a little longer than wide, with elongated spines anteriorly; lateral margins parallel, posterior angles and margin broadly rounded; median longitudinal furrow distinct. Tegmina and wings fully developed, tegmina with broadly rounded shoulders. Abdomen elongated, lateral margins convex in dorsal view. Ultimate tergite large, sloping, simple. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 534) slender, rather swollen distally before the narrow spine-like part; dorsal surface with a sharp tooth medially. - Female similar to male, but forceps straight, cylindrical in crosssection, tapering, simple. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 11.5-13 mm. Distribution: New Guinea.

Fig. 534 Holotype ultimate tergite with forceps of Acanthocordax spinosus GÜNTHER. A f t e r GÜNTHER.

2.

Acanthocordax dorsalis

BRINDLE

1969 Acanthocordax dorsalis BRINDLE, Entomologist's month. Mag., 105: 276; fig. 1 (male in dorsal view), 2 (male abdominal end with forceps in lateral view). - Terra typica: New Guinea (Type male: Manchester Mus.) Literature: SAKAI, 1973, 1982.

Description: Male almost uniformly reddish-brown or lighter; antennae, legs and forceps reddish or yellowish; extreme apex of inner margin of wings yellow.

339 Head transverse, tumid, but depressed along lines of sutures; posterior margin straight. Eyes comparatively large, but shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennal joints long, first joint almost cylindrical, much longer than distance between antennal bases; second quadrate, third joint nearly four times as long as wide; fourth joint equal in length to third. Pronotum quadrate or almost so; lateral margins parallel, posterior margin convex; small tooth at each antero-lateral angle; posterior part of pronotum reflexed over base of tegmina; median longitudinal furrow indistinct. Tegmina and wings fully developed, reaching to beyond fourth tergite, coriaceous, smooth. Legs very long and slender, femora only slightly widened. Basal joint of tarsi long and cylindrical, longer than second and third joints combined. Abdomen fusiform, tergites coriaceous; lateral glandular folds on third tergite small, those on fourth tergite large and prominent. Ultimate tergite narrow, transverse, slightly narrowed posteriorly. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 535) slender, slightly widened at extreme apex; inner margins with small isolated teeth or tubercles towards base; distal part evenly narrowed to apex, divergent basally, then convergent to apex; a large dorsal tooth just beyond midpoint. Genitalia (Fig. 536, gen. prep. No. 244, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) normally developed; central parameral plate comparatively short, narrowed basally, virga within genital lobe with strongly curved section basally; external parameres moderately large, obtuse. - Female very similar to male, but forceps (Fig. 537) simple, branches a little depressed in

Fig. 535 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Acanthocordax dorsalis BRINDLE. Original.

Fig. 536 Male genital armature of Acanthocordax dorsalis BRINDLE. Original.

Fig. 537 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Acanthocordax dorsalis BRINDLE. Original.

340 cross-section basally, cylindrical medially and apically; straight except near apex. - Length of body with forceps: male: 10-11.5 mm, female: 9-10.5 mm. Distribution: New Guinea. 3.

Acanthocordax satanus

STEINMANN

1988 Acanthocordax satanus STEINMANN, Annls hist.-nat. Mus. natn. hung., 80: 53; fig. 5 (holotype ultimate tergite with forceps), 6 (ditto, laterally), 7 (holotype genital armature). - Terra typica: New Guinea (Type male, gen. prep. No. 213, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN).

Description: Male general colour yellowish-brown; head, median part of pronotum dark brown; antennae and tegmina light brown, and legs yellow. Head comparatively large, wider than the pronotum; tumid, shiny; postfrontal and coronal sutures distinct; posterior margin concave in the middle. Eyes prominent, but shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae with elongated joints; first joint very long, essentially longer than distance between antennal bases, second quadrate, third about as long as fourth. Pronotum about as long as wide, and narrower than the head; small tooth at each antero-lateral angle; lateral margins parallel and straight, posterior margin rounded; median longitudinal furrow indistinct. Tegmina and wings normally developed, or wings concealed. Abdomen fusiform, simple, somewhat depressed, smooth; lateral glandular folds present on tergites 3 - 4 . Ultimate tergite transverse, sloping, „smooth, simple. Forceps (Fig. 538) straight, except the distal part, curved; dorsal tooth characteristic, comparatively short, but sharp and curved inwards. Forceps in lateral view (Fig. 539) strongly curved, undulate. Genitalia (Fig. 540,

Fig. 538 Holotype ultimate tergite with forceps of Acanthocordax satanus STEINMANN. Original.

Fig. 539 Male abdominal end with forceps in lateral view of Acanthocordax satanus STEINMANN. Original.

Fig. 540 Holotype genital armature of Acanthocordax satanus STEINMANN. Original.

341 gen. prep. No. 1 0 0 1 , det. Dr. H . STEINMANN from Bismarck Islands, paratype) characteristic; central parameral plate oval, virga within genital lobe long, with S-shaped curvature basally; external parameres moderately small, obtuse. Female very similar to male, but forceps simple, straight, tapering. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 9 . 5 - 1 0 mm. Distribution: New Guinea and Bismarck Islands. 4. Acanthocordax rhachynotus (HEBARD) 1933 Stenixus rhachynotus HEBARD, Mem. Qd. Mus., 10: 154; fig. 3 (male forceps), 4 (pronotum). Terra typica: New Guinea (Type male: Nat. Mus., Sydney). 1934 Acanthocordax rhachynotus - GÜNTHER, Konowia, 13: 289. 1967 Acanthocordax papuanus rhachynotus - RAMAMURTHI, Ent. Meddr, 35: 257. 1968 Acanthocordax rhachynotus - POPHAM & BRINDLE, Entomologist, London, 1 0 1 : 278. Literature: BRINDLE, 1 9 6 9 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 .

Description: Male head, and pronotum black or dark brown; antennae yellowish-brown, basal two joints darker; tegmina and wings dark brown, reddish-brown to black; legs yellow; abdomen and forceps brown. Head large, wider than the width of pronotum; tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures distinct, well marked; posterior margin convex in the middle. Eyes large, prominent, but somewhat shorter than distance between antennal bases, second quadratic, third and fourth about equal in length. Pronotum longer than wide; small tooth on each antero-lateral angle; lateral margins straight and parallel, posterior margin rounded; median longitudinal furrow distinct. Tegmina and wings fully developed. Abdomen fusiform, somewhat widened medially, narro-

Fig. 541 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Acanthocordax rhachynotus (HEBARD). Original.

Fig. 542 Male genital armature of Acanthocordax rhachynotus (HEBARD). Original.

342 wed anteriorly and posteriorly; lateral glandular folds present on tergites 3 - 4 . Ultimate tergite sloping, smooth, simple, typical. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 541) slender, almost straight, slightly widened at extreme base, distal part with inner margins excavated and with a ventro-median tooth; dorsal tooth absent. Genitalia (Fig. 542, gen. prep. No. 115, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) simple; central parameral plate oval, virga within genital lobe elongate; external parameres comparatively short and small. - Female very similar to male, but forceps straight, slender, tapering. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 13-16mm. Distribution: New Guinea. 5. Acanthocordax papuanus

GÜNTHER

1929 Acanthocordaxpapuanus GÜNTHER, Mitt. zool. Mus. Berl., 15: 82; fig. 10 (male abdominal end with forceps). - Terra typica: New Guinea (Type male: Mus. Naturk., Berlin). 1969 Acanthocordax papuanus - BRINDLE, Entomologist's month. Mag., 105: 276; fig. 3 (male forceps in lateral view), 4 (male forceps in dorsal view), 8 (pronotum) (New Guinea, West Irian and Papua). L i t e r a t u r e : POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 .

Description: Male apparently rather variable in colour; uniformly dark or blackish brown, or with abdomen reddish; head and pronotum may be yellow, or frons and pronotum blackish; tegmina dark brown to reddish-brown, or with a large median yellow elliptical patch; wings with a yellow spot on inner margin near apex; legs yellow. Head of Acanthocordax-type; frons tumid, postfrontal

Fig. 543 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Acanthocordax papuanus GÜNTHER. Original.

Fig. 544 Male genital armature of Acanthocordax papuanus

Original.

GÜNTHER.

Fig. 545 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Acanthocordax papuanus GÜNTHER. Original.

343 and coronal sutures distinct, posterior margin convex in the middle. Eyes large, but slightly shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint dark, very long, longer than distance between antennal bases, the rest yellow, slender and cylindrical. Pronotum longer than wide; small tooth on each antero-lateral angle; lateral margins straight, parallel; posterior margin rounded; median longitudinal furrow well marked. Tegmina and wings fully developed. Abdomen fusiform, or sometimes faintly widened to 8th tergite; ultimate tergite transverse, sloping, median part with a smaller depression near posterior margin. Forceps (Fig. 543) slender, elongated; branches cylindrical in cross-section; distal part more strongly curved; inner margins of distal part with a smaller but prominent tooth. Genitalia (Fig. 544, gen. prep. No. 39, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) large; central parameral plate parallel-sided anteriorly, virga within genital lobe strongly curved basally; external parameres comparatively large, apices obtuse and directed somewhat inwards. - Female very similar to male, but forceps (Fig. 545) straight, more or less trigonal in cross-section. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 9.,5-13 mm. Distribution: New Guinea: Papua, and West Irian. 6.

Acanthocordax spatulatus

RAMAMURTHI

1967 Acanthocordax spatulatus RAMAMURTHI, Ent. Meddr, 35: 257; fig. 38 (male ultimate tergite with forceps), 39 (female forceps), 40 (genitalia of holotype). - Terra typica: New Britain (Type male: Zool. Mus. Univ., K0benhavn). L i t e r a t u r e : BRINDLE, 1 9 6 9 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 .

Description: Male uniformly reddish-brown, body with external characteristics very similar to papuanus GÜNTHER. Head tumid, smooth; postfrontal and coronal sutures distinct; posterior margin convex in the middle. Eyes larger, but somewhat shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae 12-jointed; first joint long and thick, longer than distance between antennal bases, second very short, third to sixth subequal, shorter than first, the rest longer. Pronotum long and narrow; lateral margins thick leaving a fine groove along entire length; prozona tumid, separated from depressed metazona by a transverse ridge. Tegmina smooth, shoulders broadly rounded; wings well developed. Abdomen fusiform, tergites finely granulöse; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 typical. Ultimate tergite transverse, sloping, simple. Forceps (Fig. 546) long, more or less cylindrical in cross-section, inner margins crenulate; distal part less strongly curved, with a smaller, but prominent, inner tooth. Genitalia (Fig. 547) characteristic; central parameral plate comparatively short and wide, virga within genital lobe short and strongly curved; external parameres moderately short and broad. - Female very similar to male, but pygidium more distinct, and forceps (Fig. 548) simple, straight, cylindrical, tapering. - Length of body with forceps, male: 9 - 1 2 mm, female: 13 mm. Distribution: Bismarck Islands: New Britain.

344

Fig. 546 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Acanthocordax spatulatus RAMAMURTHI. After

Fig. 547 Holotype genital armature of Acanthocordax spatulatus RAMAMURTHI. After RAMAMURTHI.

RAMAMURTHI.

Fig. 548 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Acanthocordax spatulatus RAMAMURTHI. After RAMAMURTHI.

Genus 35: Cordax

BURR

1 9 1 0 Cordax BURR, Fauna brit. India Derm.: 1 8 4 . - Species typica: Forficula armata DE H A A N , 1973 Cordax - BRINDLE, The Dermaptere of Africa, 1: 301 (key to African species). Literature: BRINDLE, 1 9 7 0 ; BURR, 1 9 1 1 , 1 9 1 2 ; KAPOOR, 1 9 6 7 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 ; REHN,

1842. 1936;

SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 ; STEINMANN 1 9 7 5 , 1 9 8 9 ; TOWNES, 1 9 4 5 .

Description: Head tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures not visible. Eyes comparatively large. First antennal joint long and cylindrical. Pronotum relatively small, narrow. Tegmina smooth, well rounded at the shoulders, lateral longitudinal keels absent. Wings generally well developed. Legs long and slender; femora scarcely thickened; tibiae compressed, first tarsal joint longer than second and third combined. Abdomen convex, fusiform. Male forceps slender, the branches remote, cylindrical in both sexes. Dorsal tooth of male forceps distinct, sharp or absent. Distribution: African and Oriental regions. 7 species (and 1 species in doubtful position). Identification key to the species 2 1 African species 1' Oriental species 3 2 Tegmina unicolorous or lighter medially; male forceps shorter and broader, apices bifurcated (Figs 549-550); forceps of female shorter (Fig. 551) 1. Cordax bifurcatus, p. 345 2' Tegmina usually with an anterior yellow spot; male forceps slender, apices simple (Fig. 552); forceps of female simple, long and slender (Fig. 554) 2. Cordax formosus, p. 346

344

Fig. 546 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Acanthocordax spatulatus RAMAMURTHI. After

Fig. 547 Holotype genital armature of Acanthocordax spatulatus RAMAMURTHI. After RAMAMURTHI.

RAMAMURTHI.

Fig. 548 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Acanthocordax spatulatus RAMAMURTHI. After RAMAMURTHI.

Genus 35: Cordax

BURR

1 9 1 0 Cordax BURR, Fauna brit. India Derm.: 1 8 4 . - Species typica: Forficula armata DE H A A N , 1973 Cordax - BRINDLE, The Dermaptere of Africa, 1: 301 (key to African species). Literature: BRINDLE, 1 9 7 0 ; BURR, 1 9 1 1 , 1 9 1 2 ; KAPOOR, 1 9 6 7 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 ; REHN,

1842. 1936;

SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 ; STEINMANN 1 9 7 5 , 1 9 8 9 ; TOWNES, 1 9 4 5 .

Description: Head tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures not visible. Eyes comparatively large. First antennal joint long and cylindrical. Pronotum relatively small, narrow. Tegmina smooth, well rounded at the shoulders, lateral longitudinal keels absent. Wings generally well developed. Legs long and slender; femora scarcely thickened; tibiae compressed, first tarsal joint longer than second and third combined. Abdomen convex, fusiform. Male forceps slender, the branches remote, cylindrical in both sexes. Dorsal tooth of male forceps distinct, sharp or absent. Distribution: African and Oriental regions. 7 species (and 1 species in doubtful position). Identification key to the species 2 1 African species 1' Oriental species 3 2 Tegmina unicolorous or lighter medially; male forceps shorter and broader, apices bifurcated (Figs 549-550); forceps of female shorter (Fig. 551) 1. Cordax bifurcatus, p. 345 2' Tegmina usually with an anterior yellow spot; male forceps slender, apices simple (Fig. 552); forceps of female simple, long and slender (Fig. 554) 2. Cordax formosus, p. 346

345 3 Distal part of male forceps spatulate; branches armed with sharp or obtuse dorsal tooth 4 3' Distal part of male forceps spatulate; branches unarmed with dorsal tooth 6 4 Dorsal tooth of male forceps in basal position; the tooth thin and pointed (Fig. 555); distal part of branches with very small tubercle 3. Cordax armatus, p. 347 4' Dorsal tooth of male forceps in median position; the tooth thick and angular; distal part of branches with larger inner tooth 5 5 Dorsal tooth of male forceps circumscribed (Fig. 557); virga within male genital lobe very long (Fig. 558); external parameres large, with apices obtuse 4. Cordax goliath, p. 349 5' Dorsal tooth of male forceps triangular, specific (Fig. 559); virga within male genital lobe comparatively short (Fig. 560); external parameres smaller and rounded apically 5. Cordax vankampeni, p. 350 6 Basal part of male forceps with inner margins parallel (Fig. 561 ), median and apical parts very narrow, with two small inner teeth 6. Cordax eeylonicus, p. 351 6' Basal part of male forceps depressed and ending in a large inner tooth near pygidium (Fig. 563), median and apical parts normally developed, with a larger inner tooth 7. Cordax vandermeermohri, p. 352 1.

Cordax bifurcatus

BRINDLE

1970 Cordax bifurcatus BRINDLE, Revue biol. Gabonica, 6 (1): 23; fig. 13 (male in dorsal view), 14 (male forceps in lateral view), 15 (apex of male forceps), 16 (female forceps). - Terra typica: Gabon (Type male: Mus. nation. Hist, nat., Paris). Literature: BRINDLE, 1 9 7 3 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 .

Description: Male head black, pronotum blackish-brown, yellow laterally; tegmina and wings dark brown to blackish, or with the median part largely reddish-brown; wings yellow at extreme apex; antennal joints variegated in colour; legs yellowish-brown, apices of femora dark brown; abdomen reddishbrown, forceps brown. Head transverse, tumid; posterior margin concave in the middle. Eyes normally developed, or large, about as long as the length of head

V

Fig. 549 Holotype ultimate tergite with forceps of Cordax bifurcatus BRINDLE. After BRINDLE.

Fig. 550 Apex of male forceps of Cordax bifurcatus BRINDLE. After BRINDLE.

Fig. 551 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Cordax bifurcatus BRINDLE. After BRINDLE.

346 behind eyes or somewhat shorter. Antennae typical. Pronotum relatively small, as wide as long, lateral margins more or less parallel and straight, posterior angles and margin broadly rounded. Temina and wings well developed. Abdomen fusiform; lateral glandular folds on third tergite small, those on fourth large. Ultimate tergite transverse, simple, posterior margin trisinuate. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 549) cylindrical except at extreme base, where each has a short dorsal ridge, branches slightly sinuate, comparatively broad, and bifurcated at apices (Fig. 550), each branch forming a larger dorsal spine-like process and a shorter ventral process. - Female similar to male, but ultimate tergite narrower, branches of forceps (Fig. 551) simple, slender, straight, contiguous. - Length of body with forceps, in bot sexes: 10-12 mm. Distribution: Gabon. 2. Cordax formosus (BURR) 1905 Opisthocosmia formosa BURR, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (7) 16: 492. - Terra typica: Cameroon (Type male: Brit. Mus. nat. Hist., London). 1911 Opisthocosmia formosa - BURR, Genera Insectorum, 122: 92 [incorrect synonymy with Hypurgus

poecilocerus

(BORG, 1904)].

1936 Cordax formosus - REHN, Proc. Acad. nat. Sci. Philad., 88: 517. 1973 Cordax formosus - BRINDLE, The Dermaptera of Africa, 1: 302; fig. 415 (male forceps), 416 (female forceps) (Cameroon, Central African Republic, Congo). Literature: BRINDLE, 1968, 1969, 1970; HINCKS, 1953; HUXLEY, 1968; MORALES-AGACINO, 1951; SAKAI, 1973, 1982.

Decription: Male dark reddish-brown to blackish-brown; mouthparts brown; lateral margins of pronotum, usually an anterior yellow spot on each tegmina, and base of wings yellow; sometimes the wings are mainly yellow. Legs yellow, distal quarter of femora conspicuously darker and tibiae vaguely darker. Head transverse, tumid; postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct; posterior margin of head emarginate in the middle. Eyes comparatively large, prominent, but somewhat shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint very long, essentially longer than distance between antennal bases; second joint quadrate, the rest long, slender, cylindrical. Pronotum relatively small, narrow, lateral margins only slightly curved, posterior margin weakly convex, distal third or less reflexed over the base of the tegmina. Tegmina and wings normally developed, cuticle with sparse stiff yellow hairs, mainly anteriorly and on shoulders; wings glabrous. Legs long and slender, femora not strongly widened, those of anterior pair wider than others; tibiae almost as long as femora, tarsi short, about half length of tibiae in anterior four legs, longer in posterior pair. Abdomen fusiform; coriaceous and pubescent, hairs yellow and sparse. Lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct. Ultimate tergite transverse, simple, somewhat depressed medially near posterior margin. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 552) slender, very long, slightly sinuate, and with one small tooth on inner margin near midpoint. Genitalia (Fig. 553, gen. prep. No. 75, det. Dr. H.

347 STEINMANN from Congo Republic) comparatively small; central parameral plate moderately short and narrow; virga within genital lobe long; external parameres conspicuously large, gibbous, rounded apically. - Female very similar to male, but last tergite narrower, both branches of forceps (Fig. 554) shorter, slender, branches contiguous. - Length of body with forceps, male: 15-22 mm, female: 12-16 mm. Distribution: West-Central Africa, from Ghana eastwards to the Congo Republic and also extending South-west to Angola.

Fig. 552 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Cordax formosus (BURR). Original.

Fig. 553 Male genital armature of Cordax formosus (BURR). Original.

3.

Cordax armatus (DE

Fig. 554 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Cordax formosus (BURR). Original.

HAAN)

1842 Forficula armata DE HAAN, Verh. naturf. Ges. Nederl. Overz. Bezitt. Orth.: 243; pl. 23, fig. 12 (male in dorsal view). - Terra typica: Sumatra (Type male: Rijksmus. naturi. Hist., Leiden). 1865 Opisthocosmia armata - DOHRN, Stettiner ent. Ztg, 26: 80. 1910 Cordax armatus - BURR, Fauna brit. India Dermaptera: 185, fig. 66 (male in dorsal view) (Burma). 1911 Cordax armatus - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 95; pl. 8, fig. 9a (head, and pronotum), 9b (abdomen), 9c (tarsus) (Burma, Malay Archipelago). Literature: BOESEMAN, 1 9 5 4 ; BORMANS & KRAUSS, 1 9 0 0 ; BURR, 1 8 9 9 , 1 9 0 4 ; KIRBY, 1 9 0 4 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 ; SARAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 .

Description: Male general colour dark reddish-chestnut; tegmina and wings red with narrow dark bands; antennae fuscous, joints 8 - 9 whitish; abdomen

348 dark reddish-brown. Head comparatively large, rounded, tumid; postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct; posterior margin of head concave in the middle. Eyes normally developed, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae 10-jointed (after BURR); first joint very long, slender, longer than the distance between antennal bases; second quadrate, third and the rest elongated, slender, cylindrical. Pronotum comparatively small, narrow, narrower than the head; longer than wide; smooth; lateral margins subparallel, posterior margin rounded. Tegmina well developed, ample, broadly rounded at the shoulders, the costal fold strongly marked, almost forming a ridge (after BURR); brick-red, with a narrow or sometimes broader dark band along the humeral margin. Wings long, of the same colour as the tegmina. Abdomen widened medially, very narrow at the base and very convex, strongly attenuate near the apex; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct, black. Ultimate tergite smooth, typical, sloping and attenuate. Forceps (Fig. 555) subcontiguous at the base, long and slender; subtrigonal near the base, horizontal and straight; gently sinuate for the first half of their length; with a sharp, conspicuous tooth on the dorsal surface; apical part of branches strongly curved, cylindrical. - Female very similar to male, but ultimate tergite less sloping, simple, smooth; forceps (Fig. 556) straight, elongated, simple. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 16-19 mm. Distribution: Burma, Malaysia, Indonesia: Celebes, and Sumatra.

Fig. 555 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Cordax armatus (DE HAAN). Original.

Fig. 556 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Cordax armatus (DE HAAN). Original.

349 4. Cordax goliath sp. nov. Terra typica: C. Borneo, Sg. Pajau, leg. MJOBERG, 1925; gen. prep. No. 761, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN (Type male: Természettudomànyi Mùzeum, Budapest).

Description: Male general colour very dark brownish-black; 8th antennal joint, and tarsi, yellowish; forceps dark red. Head broad, frons tumid; postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct, vertex with two smaller, rounded protuberances medially, near posterior margin; posterior margin of head convex in the middle. Eyes normally developed, somewhat shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint of Cordax-type, very long, essentially longer than distance between antennal bases; second quadratic, the rest slender and elongate. Pronotum somewhat narrower than the head; longer than wide; lateral margins faintly narrowed posteriorly, posterior angles and margin broadly rounded; prozona tumid, metazona deplanate. Tegmina and wings fully developed; tegmina ample, broadly rounded at the shoulders; unicolour. Wings long, of the same colour as the tegmina. Abdomen fusiform, strongly narrowed anteriorly and posteriorly, widened medially; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct. Ultimate tergite smooth, sloping, simple. Forceps (Fig. 557) cylindrical in cross-section, branches subcontiguous on anterior half; dorsal tooth circumscribed, sharp; apical half of branches strongly curved, with a well-marked inner tooth. Genitalia (Fig. 558) characteristic; central parameral plate well developed, narrowed basally, somewhat widened apically, virga within genital lobe very long and associated with a smaller, sclerotized plate basally; external parameres fully developed. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 22 mm. Distr" " * ' "

Fig. 557 Holotype ultimate tergite with forceps of Cordax goliath sp.n. Original.

Fig. 558 Holotype genital armature of Cordax goliath sp.n. Original.

350 5.

Cordax vankampeni

BURR

1913 Cordax vankampeni BURR, Ent. Tijds., 56: 315. - Terra typica: New Guinea (Type male: Brit. Mus. nat. Hist., London). 1916 Cordax vankampeni - BURR, J1R. microsc. Soc., 1916: 15; pi. 4, fig. 3 (male genitalia). L i t e r a t u r e : BOESEMAN, 1954; BURR, 1 9 1 4 ; GÜNTHER, 1 9 2 9 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 .

Description: Male general colour dark reddish-, sometimes brownish-black; antennae, and legs lighter, forceps dark red. Head rounded; frons tumid; postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct; posterior margin of head emarginate in the middle. Eyes typical, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint longer than the distance between antennal bases; second quadrate, third and the rest elongate, slender, cylindrical. Pronotum somewhat longer than wide, lateral margins more or less parallel, posterior angles and margin broadly rounded. Tegmina and wings well developed. Abdomen fusiform, narrowed anteriorly and posteriorly; lateral glandular folds present on tergites 3 - 4 . Ultimate tergite sloping, smooth, somewhat depressed medially near posterior margin. Forceps (Fig. 559) somewhat depressed in cross-section basally and medially, cylindrical apically; branches more or less straight on basal half, which section ends in a large, depressed tooth on the inner margin; apical part of forceps strongly curved, inner tooth prominent. Genitalia (Fig. 560) comparatively small; central parameral plate narrow, virga within genital lobe moderately short, external parameres rounded apically. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 14-17 mm. Distribution: New Guinea.

Fig. 559 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Cordax vankampeni BURR. Original.

Fig. 560 vankampeni

I

Male genital armature of Cordax BURR. A f t e r BURR.

351 6.

Cordax ceylonicus

(MOTSCHULSKY)

1863 Labia ceylonica MOTSCHULSKY, Bull. Soc. Imp. Moscou, 36: 4. - Terra typica: Ceylon (Type female: unknown). 1865 Opistocosmia ceylonica - DOHRN, Stettiner ent. Ztg, 26: 83 1910 Cordax ceylonicus - BURR, Fauna brit. India Dermaptera: 186; fig. 67 (male in dorsal view). Literature: BORMANS & KRAUSS, 1 9 0 0 ; BRINDLE, 1 9 7 1 ; BURR, 1 9 0 7 , 1 9 1 1 , 1 9 1 2 ; KIRBY, 1 9 0 4 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 .

Description: Male general colour brown, abdomen and forceps reddishbrown. Head large, rounded, smooth, frons tumid; postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct; posterior margin concave in the middle. Eyes normally developed, somewhat shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae 12-jointed; fist joint long, somewhat longer than distance between antennal bases; second quadratic, the rest elongate, slender, cylindrical, with sharp, sparse hairs. Pronotum narrower than head, the sides strongly reflexed, posterior margin rounded; shiny. Tegmina twice as long as pronotum, uniform brown, truncate at the apex. Wings projecting well beyond the tegmina, brown, with a faint yellow spot on the outer side at the base and at the apex of the suture. Abdomen elongate; lateral glandular folds present on tergites 3 - 4 . Ultimate tergite sloping, with a deep impression in the middle. Forceps (Fig. 561) with branches contiguous at the base, parallel, then curved moderately outwards, incurved to meet at the apex, flat beneath, the dorsal surface with a long, narrow, crest-shaped lump near the base, and two teeth in the middle. Genitalia unknown to me. - Female similar to male, but forceps (Fig. 562) simple, straight, unarmed. - Length of body with forceps: male: 12-13 mm, female: 9.5-11 mm. Distribution: Sri Lanka.

Fig. 561 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Cordax ceylonicus (MOTSCHULSKY). After BURR.

Fig. 562 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Cordax ceylonicus (MOTSCHULSKY). Original.

352 7.

Cordax vandermeermohri

MENOZZI

1933 Cordax vandermeermohri MENOZZI, Misc. Zool. Sum., 77: 3; fig. 2 (male in dorsal view, and genitalia of holotype). - Terra typica: Sumatra (Type male: Mus. civ. Stor. nat. Genova). 1 9 7 8 Cordax vandermeermohri - SRIVASTAVA, EOS. Madrid, 52: 3 0 4 ; fig. 7 2 (pronotum), 7 3 (male forceps) (Palawan). L i t e r a t u r e : SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 .

Description: Male general colour brownish, inner angle of wings yellow. Head large, rounded, smooth; postfrontal and coronal sutures obliterated or weakly marked; posterior angles broadly rounded, posterior margin of head emarginate in the middle. Eyes prominent, large, but somewhat shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae 12-jointed; first joint very long, essentially longer than the distance between antennal bases; second quadrate, third and the rest elongated, slender, cylindrical. Pronotum narrower than head; longer than wide; lateral margins narrowed posteriorly, posterior angles and margin broadly rounded; median longitudinal furrow distinct. Tegmina normally developed, about twice as long as pronotum, broadly rounded at the shoulders. Wings fully developed. Abdomen narrowed anteriorly, and widened medially; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct. Ultimate tergite sloping, with smaller but prominent tubercle medially near posterior margin (after MENOZZI) or without dorsal tubercle (after SRIVASTAVA). Both branches of forceps (Fig. 5 6 3 , after MENOZZI, and Fig. 5 6 4 , after SRIVASTAVA) somewhat depressed basally, cylindrical medially and apically; inner margins with or without tooth apically. Genitalia (Fig. 565) comparatively short; central parameral plate widened

9 Fig. 563 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Cordax vandermeermohri MENOZZI. After MENOZZI.

Fig. 564 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Cordax vandermeermohri MENOZZI. After SRIVASTAVA.

Fig. 565 Male genital armature of Cordax vandermeermohri MENOZZI. After MENOZZI.

353 apically, virga within genital lobe moderately long, and associated with a smaller, but strongly sclerotized, plate basally; external parameres normally developed. Female very similar to male, but forceps simple, tapering, contiguous, simple. Length of body with forceps: male: 17-19 mm, female: 13-16 mm. Distribution: Indonesia: Sumatra, and Philippine Islands: Mindanao. Doubtful position ? Cordax politus

BURR

1911 Cordax politus BURR, J. Asiat Soc. Bengal, 7 (11): 798. - Terra typica: Burma (Type male: unknown).

Genus 36: Spinosocordax

STEINMANN

1988 Spinosocordax - STEINMANN, Acta zool. hung., 34: 302. - Species typica: Spinosocordax excelsior

STEINMANN, 1988.

Description: Build slender, elongated; very similar in external characteristics to Acanthocordax GÜNTHER. Head large, wider than pronotum. Eyes normally developed. First antennal joint very long, about twice as long as the distance between antennal bases. Pronotum of Acanthocordax-type; narrow, small, with sharp and acuminate anterior tooth laterally. Tegmina and wings well developed. Abdomen elongated, slender; ultimate tergite characteristic, with two very large, tusk-like spines, directed backwards. Male forceps somewhat undulate in lateral view, branches armed with a pair of large dorsal teeth basally, a very small inner, and a larger ventral, tooth apically. Distribution: New Guinea. Single species. 1. Spinosocordax excelsior STEINMANN 1988 Spinosocordax excelsior STEINMANN, Acta zool. hung., 34: 302; fig. 13 (holotype ultimate tergite with forceps), 14 (ditto, in lateral view), 15 (holotype genital armature). - Terra typica: New Guinea (Type male, gen. prep. No. 722, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN).

Description: Male general colour dark brownish-black; vertex reddish, basal part of femora dark brown. Head large, broad, frons tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures distinct; posterior margin concave in the middle. Eyes prominent, normally developed, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint very long, about twice as long as the distance between antennal bases; second quadratic, the rest broken in holotype. Pronotum of Acenthocordax-type; narrower than head; lateral margins more or less straight, faintly narrowed posteriorly; disc quite longer than wide; anterior angles with sharp, acuminate tooth; posterior margin rounded; median longitudinal furrow present. Tegmina and wings fully developed. Legs very long, slender, tarsomeron

353 apically, virga within genital lobe moderately long, and associated with a smaller, but strongly sclerotized, plate basally; external parameres normally developed. Female very similar to male, but forceps simple, tapering, contiguous, simple. Length of body with forceps: male: 17-19 mm, female: 13-16 mm. Distribution: Indonesia: Sumatra, and Philippine Islands: Mindanao. Doubtful position ? Cordax politus

BURR

1911 Cordax politus BURR, J. Asiat Soc. Bengal, 7 (11): 798. - Terra typica: Burma (Type male: unknown).

Genus 36: Spinosocordax

STEINMANN

1988 Spinosocordax - STEINMANN, Acta zool. hung., 34: 302. - Species typica: Spinosocordax excelsior

STEINMANN, 1988.

Description: Build slender, elongated; very similar in external characteristics to Acanthocordax GÜNTHER. Head large, wider than pronotum. Eyes normally developed. First antennal joint very long, about twice as long as the distance between antennal bases. Pronotum of Acanthocordax-type; narrow, small, with sharp and acuminate anterior tooth laterally. Tegmina and wings well developed. Abdomen elongated, slender; ultimate tergite characteristic, with two very large, tusk-like spines, directed backwards. Male forceps somewhat undulate in lateral view, branches armed with a pair of large dorsal teeth basally, a very small inner, and a larger ventral, tooth apically. Distribution: New Guinea. Single species. 1. Spinosocordax excelsior STEINMANN 1988 Spinosocordax excelsior STEINMANN, Acta zool. hung., 34: 302; fig. 13 (holotype ultimate tergite with forceps), 14 (ditto, in lateral view), 15 (holotype genital armature). - Terra typica: New Guinea (Type male, gen. prep. No. 722, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN).

Description: Male general colour dark brownish-black; vertex reddish, basal part of femora dark brown. Head large, broad, frons tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures distinct; posterior margin concave in the middle. Eyes prominent, normally developed, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint very long, about twice as long as the distance between antennal bases; second quadratic, the rest broken in holotype. Pronotum of Acenthocordax-type; narrower than head; lateral margins more or less straight, faintly narrowed posteriorly; disc quite longer than wide; anterior angles with sharp, acuminate tooth; posterior margin rounded; median longitudinal furrow present. Tegmina and wings fully developed. Legs very long, slender, tarsomeron

354 mediale with comparatively small lobe. Abdomen slender, elongate; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct. Ultimate tergite conspicuous, dorsal surface with two sharp, large spines, that are directed backwards, as in Figs 566-567. Penultimate sternite broadly rounded posteriorly. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 566) somewhat similar to Anechura-type, a little depressed basally, cylindrical medially and apically; branches with large, sharp dorsal tooth basally, which is directed upwards (Fig. 567). Genitalia (Fig. 568) characteristic; central parameral plate comparatively narrow, virga within genital lobe medium-size, external parameres moderately large. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 14-15 mm. Distribution: New Guinea: West Irian.

Fig. 566 Holotype ultimate tergite with forceps of Spinosocordax excelsior STEINMANN. Original.

Fig. 567 Male abdominal end with forceps of Spinosocordax excelsior STEINMANN in lateral view. Original.

Fig. 568 Holotype genital armature of Spinosocordax excelsior

STEINMANN.

Original.

Doubtful position ? Genus Chaetocosmia 1973 Chaetocosmia

NISHIKAWA

NISHIKAWA, loc. cit. SAKAI, Bull. Daito Bunka Univ., (1982), 20: 48.

? Chaetocosmia taiwanica

NISHIKAWA

1973 Chaetocosmia taiwanica NISHIKAWA, loc. cit. SAKAI, Bull. Daito Bunka Univ., (1982), 20: 48.

355 Subfamily 4: Diaperasticinae

BURR

1907 Diaperasticinae BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. London, 1907: 97. - Genus typicum: Diaperasticus BURR, 1 9 0 7 .

1954 Diaperasticidae BRUES, MELANDER & CARPENTER, Classification of Insects, Cambridge (Mass.): 117.

1957 Diaperasticinae - HINCKS, South African Animal Life, 4: 90. 1989 Diaperasticinae - STEINMANN, World Catalogue of Dermaptera, Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, p. 733. L i t e r a t u r e : BOESEMAN, 1 9 5 4 ; BORELLI, 1 9 2 6 ; BRINDLE, 1 9 7 1 , 1 9 7 3 , BURR, 1 9 1 1 , 1 9 1 2 , 1 9 1 6 ; HINCKS, 1 9 5 4 , 1 9 5 5 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 ; REHN, 1924; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 .

Description: Head tumid, as wide as long and slightly transverse. Basal antennal joints longer, the first joint much longer than the distance between the antennal bases, or basal antennal joints shorter, and the first joint as long as or shorter than the distance between antennal bases. Pronotum more or less quadrangular. Tegmina and wings usually fully developed, or tegmina short and wings absent or concealed in some species or varieties. Abdomen depressed, more or less parallel-sided. Forceps dimorphic in the sexes; branches of male forceps separated at base, and of female slender, wider at base. Male genitalia with external parameres weakly sclerotized; virga relatively long or shorter and with a basal vesicle. Distribution: Africa and Madagascar. Single genus. Genus 37: Diaperasticus 1907 Diaperasticus sansibaricus

BURR

BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. London, 1907: 98. - Species typica: Sphingolabis KARSCH, 1886.

1973 Diaperasticus - BRINDLE, The Dermaptera of Africa, 1: 272 (key to species). 1977 Diaperasticus - STEINMANN, Acta zool. hung., 23: 416 (revision, and key to species). L i t e r a t u r e : BOESEMAN, 1 9 5 4 ; BORELLI, 1926; BRINDLE, 1 9 7 1 , 1 9 7 3 ; BURR, 1 9 1 1 , 1 9 1 2 , 1 9 1 6 ; HINCKS, 1 9 5 4 , 1 9 5 5 , 1 9 5 7 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 ; REHN, 1 9 2 4 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 7 5 , 1 9 7 7 , 1 9 8 3 , 1 9 8 9 ; TOWNES, 1 9 4 5 ; ZACHER, 1 9 1 1 .

Description: General characteristics similar to Z)or«-species. Head tumid, normally developed; occiput behind eyes inflated in males. Eyes comparatively small. Pronotum more or less quadrangular. Tegmina and wings usually well or fully developed, or tegmina short and wings concealed, sometimes absent. Branches of male forceps separated at base, arcuate, usually with a basal inner tooth; pygidium large, transverse. Branches of female forceps slender, broader at base, evenly narrowed distally, base recessed to accomodate a triangular pygidium. Central paramere of male genitalia medium-developed, its anterior margin with an unpaired genital lobe. Anterior margin of this lobe in general transversally truncate at rest. Beyond a generally parallel decurrence of the external parameres, the apical third is of various dimensions: thicker or thinner, but invariably several times, at least four times, longer than wide; thee apices slightly incurved. Medial part of paramere with a short virga at rest, of a

355 Subfamily 4: Diaperasticinae

BURR

1907 Diaperasticinae BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. London, 1907: 97. - Genus typicum: Diaperasticus BURR, 1 9 0 7 .

1954 Diaperasticidae BRUES, MELANDER & CARPENTER, Classification of Insects, Cambridge (Mass.): 117.

1957 Diaperasticinae - HINCKS, South African Animal Life, 4: 90. 1989 Diaperasticinae - STEINMANN, World Catalogue of Dermaptera, Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, p. 733. L i t e r a t u r e : BOESEMAN, 1 9 5 4 ; BORELLI, 1 9 2 6 ; BRINDLE, 1 9 7 1 , 1 9 7 3 , BURR, 1 9 1 1 , 1 9 1 2 , 1 9 1 6 ; HINCKS, 1 9 5 4 , 1 9 5 5 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 ; REHN, 1924; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 .

Description: Head tumid, as wide as long and slightly transverse. Basal antennal joints longer, the first joint much longer than the distance between the antennal bases, or basal antennal joints shorter, and the first joint as long as or shorter than the distance between antennal bases. Pronotum more or less quadrangular. Tegmina and wings usually fully developed, or tegmina short and wings absent or concealed in some species or varieties. Abdomen depressed, more or less parallel-sided. Forceps dimorphic in the sexes; branches of male forceps separated at base, and of female slender, wider at base. Male genitalia with external parameres weakly sclerotized; virga relatively long or shorter and with a basal vesicle. Distribution: Africa and Madagascar. Single genus. Genus 37: Diaperasticus 1907 Diaperasticus sansibaricus

BURR

BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. London, 1907: 98. - Species typica: Sphingolabis KARSCH, 1886.

1973 Diaperasticus - BRINDLE, The Dermaptera of Africa, 1: 272 (key to species). 1977 Diaperasticus - STEINMANN, Acta zool. hung., 23: 416 (revision, and key to species). L i t e r a t u r e : BOESEMAN, 1 9 5 4 ; BORELLI, 1926; BRINDLE, 1 9 7 1 , 1 9 7 3 ; BURR, 1 9 1 1 , 1 9 1 2 , 1 9 1 6 ; HINCKS, 1 9 5 4 , 1 9 5 5 , 1 9 5 7 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 ; REHN, 1 9 2 4 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 7 5 , 1 9 7 7 , 1 9 8 3 , 1 9 8 9 ; TOWNES, 1 9 4 5 ; ZACHER, 1 9 1 1 .

Description: General characteristics similar to Z)or«-species. Head tumid, normally developed; occiput behind eyes inflated in males. Eyes comparatively small. Pronotum more or less quadrangular. Tegmina and wings usually well or fully developed, or tegmina short and wings concealed, sometimes absent. Branches of male forceps separated at base, arcuate, usually with a basal inner tooth; pygidium large, transverse. Branches of female forceps slender, broader at base, evenly narrowed distally, base recessed to accomodate a triangular pygidium. Central paramere of male genitalia medium-developed, its anterior margin with an unpaired genital lobe. Anterior margin of this lobe in general transversally truncate at rest. Beyond a generally parallel decurrence of the external parameres, the apical third is of various dimensions: thicker or thinner, but invariably several times, at least four times, longer than wide; thee apices slightly incurved. Medial part of paramere with a short virga at rest, of a

356 generally Forficulid-type. The duct originating laterally on the basel vesicle straightens and elongates itself and this curvature increases the elongability of the virga, or, in other words, the contraction observable at rest secures the elasticity of the duct. The basal vesicle is seen as a narrow evagination in the basal section of the virga in the Diaperasticus species, an easily recognizable characteristic of the group. Distribution: Africa, and Madagascar. 6 species. Identification key to the species 1 1' 2

2' 3

3' 4

4'

5

5'

Basal antennal joints longer, the first joint much longer than the distance between the antennal bases; male occiput with inflated areas widely separated, the distance between the areas being greater than the width of the first antennal joint 2 Basal antennal joints shorter, thee first joint as long as or shorter than the distance between antennal bases; male occiput with inflated areas approximate, the distance between the areas being equal to or less than the width of the first antennal joint 5 A wingless species (BRINDLE, 1967: 151, and 1973: 284, records it as winged). Male forceps definitely short (Fig. 569); the inner margins without a dentiform projection, provided at most with minute, dentiform warts or denticles. Forceps of a wholly different type than in preceding species; the basal section especially differs conspicuously. Sclerotized plate of male genital apparatus as shown in Fig. 570. Posterior section of female plate of vertex narrow, that is, plates behind eyes approaching each other closely 1. Diaperasticus bonchampsi, p. 357 Winged species. Wings discernibly and elongatedly projecting from below posterior margin of tegmina. Male forceps elongated, sigmoid 3 Basal vesicle at base of virga in male genital apparatus large (Fig. 573); similarly to that of erythocephalus (OLIVIER), vesicle representing a widening of the characteristic curvature. Sclerotized plate near virga in genital lobe of a characteristic, simple, lemon-shaped form. Wings absent. Posterior section of occiput narrow. Male forceps elongated; inner margin of the basal section with a ledge-shaped widening. Pygidium very wide, nearly four times wider than long (Fig. 572) 2. Diaperasticus sudamcus, p. 358 Basal vesicle at base of virga in male genitalia comparatively small (Figs 575, and 577); virga within genital lobe essentially short, slightly widened beyond its characteristic basal curvature. Sclerotized plate near virga in genital lobe intricate 4 Male forceps comparatively short, inner margins with sharp ventral tooth near pygidium (Fig. 574); pygidium moderately narrow, about two and a half times as wide as long. External parameres of male genitalia comparatively short and straight (Fig. 575) 3. Diaperasticus krausei, p. 359 Male forceps comparatively long, inner margins with smaller or larger inner tooth near pygidium, with the tooth directed inwards (Fig. 576); pygidium moderately wider, about three times as wide as long. External parameres of male genitalia comparatively long and curved (Fig. 577). Posterior section of occiput in female wide, i. e. plate behind eyes far removed from each other 4. Diaperasticus sansibaricus, p. 360 Larger species, body length at least 8 mm; male forceps longer, about one and a half times width of ultimate tergite (Fig. 579); female forceps longer, about twice as long as width of ultimate tergite (Fig. 581). Tegmina and wings, when present, yellow, prominently darkened along sutures, or entirely blackish; head yellow or reddish. Male genitalia as in Fig. 580 5. Diaperasticus erythrocephalus, p. 362 Smaller species, body length 7 mm, or less; male forceps shorter, less than one and a half times as long as width of ultimate tergite (Fig. 582); female forceps shorter, about one and a half times as long as width of ultimate tergite (Fig. 584). Head black or almost so; tegmina short, yellowish, sutures not or only slightly darkened. Male genitalia as in Fig. 583 6. Diaperasticus wittei, p. 364

357 1.

Diaperasticus bonchampsi

(BURR)

1904 Apterygida bonchampsi BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. London, 1907: 317. - Terra typica: Abyssinia (Type male: Mus. natn. Hist, nat., Paris). 1911 Diaperasticus bonchampsi - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 96. 1924 Diaperasticus bonchampsi - REHN, Bull. Am. Mus. nat. Hist., 49: 397 (Congo, Ethiopia, Sudan, Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi). 1977 Diaperasticus bonchampsi - STEINMANN, Acta zool. hung., 23: 317; fig. 2 (male genitalia, gen. prep. No. 566, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) (Ethiopia, Tanzania, Kenya). Literature: BRINDLE, 1 9 6 7 , 1 9 6 8 , 1 9 7 3 ; BURR, 1 9 1 2 ; HINCKS, 1 9 5 4 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; STEINMANN, 1983.

Description: Male head, pronotum, and antennae pale yellow to reddishyellow; legs yellowish, abdomen and forceps reddish-brown to blackish-brown; wings (if present) darkened. Cuticle shiny, smooth, glabrous; abdominal tergites strongly punctured. Head transverse, slightly depressed, occiput behind eyes swollen, but the areas widely separated on vertex; posterior margin of head concave in the middle. Eyes comparatively short, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. The first antennal joint long, longer than the distance between antennal bases. Pronotum longer than wide, more or less parallel-sided, or slightly widened posteriorly; postero-lateral angles and posterior margin convex. Tegmina and wings reduced or normally developed. Abdomen broad, depressed, more or less parallel-sided, or slightly widened posteriorly; lateral glandular folds on third tergite small, those on fourth large, tubercles often darkened in paler specimens. Ultimate tergite transverse, irregularly punctured, with a tubercle

Fig. 569 Male forceps of Diaperasticus bonchampsi

Fig. 570 Male genital armature of Diaperasticus

(BURR). Original.

bonchampsi

Original.

(BURR).

Fig. 571 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Diaperasticus bonchampsi (BURR). O r i g i n a l .

358 near the posterior margin above the base of each branch of the forceps, the tubercles not circular, but somewhat flattened longitudinally. Both branches of forceps slightly trigonal with an inner tooth at base, distal part cylindrical, arcuate, inner margin with a small number of small, isolated teeth (Fig. 569). Pygidium transverse. Genitalia (Fig. 570) slightly wider, especially anterior third of genital lobe on anterior margin widened; anterior margin transversally truncate. Genital lobe slightly elongated, reaching or projecting beyond median line of external parameres. The latter robust, apices more strongly curved in distal third. Virga within genital lobe of Forficulid-type, its characteristic curvature - slightly thickened - forming a basal vesicle. Adjacent sclerotized plate narrow, its more strongly sclerotized plate of a complicated form. - Female similar to male, but abdomen narrowed posteriorly, ultimate tergite transverse; both branches of forceps (Fig. 571) slender, wider at base, tapering distally, excavated at base at the side of the pygidium, inner margin crenulated for basal two-thirds or more. Pygidium longer than wide, narrowed distally. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 12-14,5 mm. Distribution: East Africa. 2.

Diaperasticus sudanicus

STEINMANN

1977 Diaperasticus sudanicus STEINMANN, Acta zool. hung., 23: 417; fig. 3 (genitalia of holotype), 8 (head, and prothorax), 9 (male forceps). - Terra typica: Sudan (Type male, gen. prep. No. 462, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN: Termeszettudomanyi Muzeum, Budapest). L i t e r a t u r e : SAKAI, 1 9 8 2 .

Description: Male distinguishable by its colour at the first glance from all of its congeners. Head ochraceous yellow, shiny; tegmina dark brown; legs bicolorous: femora dark brown, nearly black, but at genu rapidly lighter: turning, together with tibia and tarsal joints, stramineous; forceps rufous brown. Head large, broad, occiput with inflated areas widely separated, the distance between the areas being greater than the width of the first antennal joint; posterior margin of head truncate. Eyes comparatively small, essentially shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae 13-jointed; first long, thick, robust, longer than distance between antennal bases; second short, about half as long as third, which again are about as long as fourth; joint 5 longer, about as long as combined length of joints 2 - 4 . Pronotum longer than wide, posterior margin not discernible, absent. Abdomen elongated; tergites finely punctate, with a greasy sheen; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct. Ultimate tergite transverse, with two small tubercles laterally, near posterior margin. Forceps (Fig. 572) elongated, slender, inner margins of basal section lamellate, widened, margin bearing minute, black, usually obtuse, wart-like pegs or teeth. Pygidium very wide, nearly four times wider than long. Genitalia (Fig. 573) narrow and relatively long. Genital lobe on its anterior margin narrow, but slightly extending beyond median line of external parameres. Anterior margin of genital lobe

359 transversally truncate, when at rest, ist typical virga observable about the middle. Basal vesicle large in characteristic curvature, which follows a straight section, of virga. Sclerotized plate barely observable, its more heavily sclerotized portion discernible in its anterior section, lemon-shaped. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 15.5 mm. Distribution: Sudan.

Fig. 572 Holotype ultimate tergite with forceps of Diaperasticus sudanicus STEINMANN.

Fig. 573 Holotype genital armature of Diaperasticus sudanicus STEINMANN. After

A f t e r STEINMANN.

STEINMANN.

3. Diapersaticus krausei

STEINMANN

1983 Diaperasticus kransei STEINMANN, Reichenbachia, 21 (7): 53; fig. 15 (male ultimate tergite with forceps), 16 (genitalia of holotype). - Terra typica: Sudan (Type male, gen. prep. No. 786, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN: M U S . Tierkunde, Dresden).

Description: Male bicolorous: head with antennae and mouthparts, and thorax with legs and wings, yellow, abdomen with forceps dark brownish-red. Head large, broad, flattened, occiput with inflated areas widely separated; posterior margin faintly concave. Eyes normal, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint very long, slightly longer than distance between antennal bases; second transverse, the rest elongated, cylindrical. Pronotum longer than wide, lateral margins somewhat expanded posteriorly; posterior margin rounded; median longitudinal furrow present. Tegmina and wings fully developed, unicolorous. Abdomen shiny, punctured; fusiform; lateral glandular folds present on tergites 3 - 4 . Ultimate tergite broad; median longitudinal sulcus

360 indistinct; posterior margin with two large blunt tubercles. Pygidium very broad, about two and a half times as wide as long. Penultimate sternite with rounded excision at medial margin posteriorly. Forceps (Fig. 574) comparatively short, inner margin with sharp ventral tooth near pygidium; branches cylindrical medially and apically, inner margin with small tubercles medially, and with a smaller tooth apically. Genitalia (Fig. 575) well developed; central parameral plate narrow, genital lobe on its anterior margin narrow, but slightly extending beyond median line of external parameres. Anterior margin of genital lobe transversally truncate when at rest, its typical virga observable about its middle. Basal vesicle small in characteristic curvature, which follows a straight section, of virga. External parameres narrow, simple, straight. - Female very similar to male, but forceps slender, contiguous, tapering; trigonal basally, cylindrical apically; inner margin with some blunt and small tubercles basally. - Length of body with forceps: male: 17 mm, female: 13 mm. Distribution: Sudan.

Fig. 574 Holotype ultimate tergite with forceps of Diaperasticus krausei STEINMANN. After STEINMANN.

4.

Fig. 575 Holotype genital armature of Diaperasticus krausei STEINMANN. After STEINMANN.

Diaperasticus sansibaricus

(KARSCH)

1886 Sphingolabis sansibarica KARSCH, Beri. ent. Z., 3 0 : 90; pi. 3,fig.8 (male indorsai view). - Terra typica: Zanzibar (Type male: Mus. Naturk., Berlin). 1900 Apterygida sansibarica - BORMANS & KRAUSS, Das Tierreich, Berlin, 1 1 : 112. 1900 Apterygida mackinderi BURR, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (7) 6: 83.-Terra typica: Kenya (Type male: Hope Mus., Oxford).

361 1907 Diaperasticus sansibaricus - BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. London, 1907: 98. 1915 Diaperasticus sansibaricus var. fuscata BORELLI, Voy. Alluaud et Jeannel, Afr. Orth., 1: 18 (Africa Orient.). 1 9 6 7 Apterygida mackinderi- BRINDLE, Trans. R . ent. Soc. London, ( B ) 3 6 ( 9 - 1 0 ) : 151 [proposed synonymy with sansibaricus (KARSCH, 1886)]. 1977 Diaperasticus sansibaricus - STEINMANN, Acta zool. hung., 23: 416; fig. 1 (male genitalia, gen. prep. No. 461, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) (Tanzania, Kenya, Natal). Literature: BORELLI, 1923; BRINDLE, 1967,1970,1973; BURR, 1909,1911,1912; HINCKS, 1938,1953, 1 9 5 5 , 1 9 5 7 , 1 9 5 9 ; KIRBY, 1 9 0 4 ; MENOZZI, 1 9 3 5 ; MORALES-AGACINO, 1 9 5 1 ; REHN, 1 9 2 2 , 1 9 3 6 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 .

Description: Male head, pronotum, tegmina and wings yellowish, or sometimes reddish-yellow, the tegmina and wings almost unicolorous or with sutures, and sometimes with lateral margins darkened; antennae yellowish to brown; legs yellowish-brown, abdomen reddish-brown to blackish, and forceps dark red. Cuticle coriaceous anteriorly, abdominal tergites strongly punctured, glabrous. In variety fuscata the head is blackish or reddish, pronotum, tegmina and wings blackish, antennae brown, legs yellowish to brown, abdomen reddish to almost reddish-black. Head transverse, rather tumid, with occiput behind each eye inflated or swollen, but the swollen areas widely separated. Eyes normally developed, somewhat shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint long, longer than distance between antennal bases. Pronotum longer than wide, slightly widened posteriorly, lateral margins almost straight, posterior margin convex. Tegmina and wings fully developed or short, sometimes wings

Fig. 576 Male forceps of Diaperasticus sansibaricus (KARSCH). After STEINMANN.

Fig. 577 Male genital armature of Diaperasticus sansibaricus (KARSCH). After STEINMANN.

Fig. 578 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Diaperasticus sansibaricus (KARSCH). After BRINDLE.

362 absent or concealed. Abdomen long, depressed, almost parallel-sided, but sometimes wider medially or distally; lateral glandular folds on third tergite small, those on fourth rather large and sometimes blackish. Ultimate tergite transverse, posterior margin with two large, blunt tubercles. Pygidium moderately wider, about three times as wide as long. Forceps (Fig. 576) trigonal at base, cylindrical distally, sinuate, with a median tooth near midpoint and inner margins with a short triangular flange at base, the margins of the flange serrated; isolated small teeth on inner margin of both branches between median tooth and base. Genitalia (Fig. 577) medium developed, anterior margin of genital lobe, originating on its anterior margin, transversally truncate. External parameres, observable near lobe, about 5 times longer than wide. External parameres slightly swollen, their apical third slightly incurved. Virga within genital lobe short, largely of the Forficulid-type, but its basal vesicle situated in curvature of duct, relatively short and narrow. Virga with adjacent sclerotized plate, followed by another, heavily sclerotized additional plate. - Female similar to male, but ultimate tergite with rather numerous tubercles (Fig. 578) near posterior margin, the tubercles variable in size and number; both branches of forceps elongated, slender, simple. - Length of body with forceps, male: 13-21 mm, female: 12-17 mm. Distribution: The typical form has been recorded from Central and East Africa as far south as the Cape, and var. fuscata BORELLI, is known from Tanzania, Kenya and Natal. 5.

Diaperasticus erythrocephalus

(OLIVIER)

1791 Forficula erythrocephala OLIVIER, Encycl. Meth., 6: 468. - Terra typica: Cape of Good Hope (Type female: unknown). 1805 Forficula jackeryensis BEAUVOIS, Ins. rec. Afr.-Amer.: 36. - Terra typica: Nigeria (Type female: unknown). 1839 Forficula serrata SERVILLE, Hist. nat. Ins., Orth. Paris: 40. - Terra typica: Senegal (Type male: unknown). 1855 Forficula natalensis STAL, Ofvers. K. svensk Akad. Forh., 12: 348. - Terra typica: Natal (Type male: Naturhist. Riksmus., Stockholm). 1865 Forficula africana DOHRN, Stettiner ent. Ztg, 25: 86. - Terra typica: Senegal (Type male: Naturhist. Mus., Wien). 1876 Forficula variana SCUDDER, Proc. Boston Sci. nat. Hist., 18: 253. - Terra typica: Liberia (Type female: Mus. Comp. Zool., Cambridge, Mass.). 1883 Chelisoches pulchellus GERSTAECKER, Mitt. Ver. Neu Vorpomm., 14: 42. - Terra typica: Cameroon (Type male: Greifswald Mus.). 1900 Apterygida erythrocephala - BORMANS & KRAUSS, Das Tierreich, Berlin, 1 1 : 112. 1906 Apterygida cagnii BORELLI, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. R. Univ. Torino, 21 (541): 3. - Terra typica: Uganda (Type male: Mus. 1st. Zool. sist. Univ., Torino). 1907 Apterygida erythrocephala var. aptera BORELLI, Annali Mus. civ. Stor. nat. Genova, 43: 386 (Ferando Po). 1907 Elaunon erythrocephalus - BURR, Berl. ent. Z., 52: 206. 1911 Diaperasticus erythrocephalus - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 96; pi. 7, fig. 11 (male in dorsal view), 11a (head), l i b (ultimate tergite), 11c (leg) (Africa). 1911 Forficula jackeryensis - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 96 (in doubtful position).

363 1911 Forficula serrata - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122:96 [as synonym of erythrocephalus (OLIVIER, 1791)].

1911 Forficula natalensis - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 96 [as synonym of erythrocephalus

(OLIVIER, 1791)].

1911 Forficula africana - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 96 [as synonym of erythrocephalus (OLIVIER, 1791)].

1911 Chelisoches pulchellus - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 96 [as synonym of erythrocephalus

(OLIVIER, 1791)].

1914 Diaperasticus erythrocephalus var. diezi BORMANS, loc. cit. BORELLI, Boll. Lab. Zool. gen. agr. Portici, 8: 273 (Nigeria). 1914 Diaperasticus erythrocephalus var. maculipes BORELLI, Boll. Lab. Zool. gen. agr. Portici, 8: 274 (French Guinea). 1967 Forficula variana - BRINDLE, Trans. R. ent. Soc. London, (B) 36 (9-10): 151 [as synonym of erythocephalus

(OLIVIER, 1791)].

1967 Apterygida cagnii - BRINDLE, Trans R. ent. Soc. London, (B) 36 (9-10): 151 [as synonym of erythrocephalus

(OLIVIER, 1791)].

1977 Diaperasticus erythrocephalus - STEINMANN, Acta zool. hung., 23: 419; fig. 4 (male genitalia, gen. prep. No. 99, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) (Madagascar). Literature: BORELLI, 1914, 1915, 1923; BORG, 1904; BRINDLE, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1973; BURR, 1902, 1 9 0 7 , 1 9 0 8 , 1 9 1 0 , 1 9 1 2 , 1 9 1 3 ; HINCKS, 1 9 4 8 , 1 9 5 2 , 1 9 5 3 , 1 9 5 4 , 1 9 5 5 , 1 9 5 6 , 1 9 5 7 , 1 9 5 9 ; HUXLEY, 1968; KIRBY, 1904; MENOZZI, 1928, 1 9 3 0 , 1 9 3 6 , 1938; MORALES-AGACINO, 1951; REHN, 1924, 1936; SAKAI, 1973, 1982.

Description: Male head reddish or reddish-yellow; pronotum, tegmina and wings yellow, temina and wings with the sutures broadly darkened; antennae brown; legs yellow, rarely with the femora darkened medially; abdomen dark reddish-brown, forceps dark red. Cuticle shiny, more or less glabrous, mainly

0 Fig. 579 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Diaperasticus erythrocephalus

Original.

(OLIVIER).

Fig. 580 Male genital armature of Diaperasticus erythrocephalus (OLIVIER). After STEINMANN.

Fig. 581 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Diaperasticus erythrocephalus

Original.

(OLIVIER).

364 coriaceous, but abdominal tergites punctured. Head transverse, broad, rather tumid, but with occiput behind each eye inflated or swollen, the swollen areas extending to within a short distance of each other on the vertex; posterior margin of head faintly concave in the middle. Eyes normally developed, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint short, basal joints relatively short, each joint more or less cylindrical, but slightly wider distally, and pubescent. Pronotum quadrate or slightly transverse, lateral margins parallel and posterior margin convex; median longitudinal furrow distinct. Tegmina and wings usually fully developed. Abdomen somewhat depressed, lateral margins of tergites more or less parallel; lateral glandular folds on third tergite small, those of fourth larger. Ultimate tergite transverse, with a rounded swelling or tubercle above the base of each branch of the forceps. Pygidium transverse. Forceps (Fig. 579) arcuate, trigonal basally, cylindrical distally, the base broadened to form a flattened inner flange, the flange forming a triangular tooth; inner margins with small, well-isolated tubercles. Genitalia (Fig. 580) normally developed; external parameres, originating on their anterior margin, medium elongated, characteristic, slender, apically slightly incurved. Anterior margin of enclosed genital lobe transversally truncate, extending at rest to about half length of external parameres. Virga within genital lobe moderately long and straight, slightly widened, then in characteristic curvature significantly widened. - Female similar to male, but both branches of forceps straight, except at apex, broader at base, evenly narrowed distally (Fig. 581); inner margin crenulated basally. Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 10-14 mm. Distribution: Africa and Madagascar.

6.

Diaperasticus wittei

HINCKS

1955 Diaperasticus wittei HINCKS, Explor. Parcnatn. Upemba, Miss., (1)35:12; fig. 4 (male in dorsal view), 5 (genitalia of holotype). - Terra typica: Congo (Type male: Zool. Inst. Pare Nat., Upemba). 1977 Diaperasticus wittei - STEINMANN, Acta zool. hung., 23: 419; fig. 5 (male genitalia, gen. prep. No. 100, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) (Tanzania, Congo, Sudan). Literature: BRINDLE, 1967, 1973; SAKAI, 1973, 1982.

Description: Male head blackish, or dark red with swollen areas of occiput black; antennae dark red to dark brown; pronotum, tegmina, basal abdominal tergites, and legs yellow, posterior abdominal tergites, from third or fourth distally, dark red, ultimate tergite blackish; forceps yellow or yellowish-brown. Head broad, frons depressed, occiput and genae behind eyes swollen, the swollen areas approaching on vertex, not widely separated. Eyes normally developed, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint about as long as or shorter than the distance between antennal bases. Pronotum rather longer than wide, more or less parallel-sided, lateral margins straight, posterior margin convex. Tegmina short, about as long as pronotum, wings absent or concealed.

365 Abdomen parallel-sided or only slightly wider medially, depressed, lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 small. Ultimate tergite transverse, simple, posterior margin with two smaller tubercles above the base of each branch of the forceps. Pygidium rectangular, transverse. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 582) trigonal at base, cylindrical distally, inner margin with a serrated triangular flange near base. Genitalia (Fig. 583) closely resembling those of erythrocephalus, but anterior margin of genital lobe at rest wider. Basal vesicle in characteristic curvature of virga larger, more swollen. Sclerotized plate near virga short and narrow, the adjacent, more heavily sclerotized portion, with a wider base, its apex elongated. - Female similar to male, but occiput not swollen; both branches of forceps (Fig. 584) slender, almost straight, tapering distally, inner margin crenulated basally. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 8 - 1 0 mm. Distribution: Congo Republic, Sudan, Tanzania.

Fig. 582 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Diaperasticus wittei HINCKS. After HINCKS.

Fig. 583 Male genital armature of Diaperasticus wittei HINCKS. After STEINMANN.

Subfamily 1902

Allodahliinae

VERHOEFF,

5:

Allodahlinae

Zool. Anz., Leipzig,

Fig. 584 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Diaperasticus wittei HINCKS. Original.

VERHOEFF

2 5 (665): 194.

- Genus typicum: Allodahlia

VERHOEFF, 1 9 0 2 .

1911 Allodahliinae - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 71 (proposed synonymy with A n e c h u r i n a e BURR, 1 9 0 7 ) .

1975 Allodahliinae - STEINMANN, Acta zool. hung., 21: 218. 1975 Allodahliinae - STEINMANN, Annls hist.-nat. Mus. natn. hung., 67: 71 (revision, and key to genera).

366 1989 Allodahlinae - STEINMANN, World Catalogue of Dermaptera, Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, p. 737.

Description: Pronotum quadratic, lateral margins parallel or nearly so; usually wide, wider than long, or only slightly longer than wide. Tegmina shortened, about as long as pronotum, or considerably longer than pronotum; lateral margins with a well-discernible but narrow and not lamelliform edges, or with an expressed ridge-like rim, more or less lamelliform. Wings absent or present. Male forceps various, generally elongated, arcuate, inner margins with smaller or larger tooth or teeth. Notes by STEINMANN (1975: 71): "In 1902, VERHOEFF (Zool. Anz., 2 5 (665): 194) separated and under the name Allodahlia assigned to a new genus those Anechura SCUDDER species which display a ledge-like rim along the lateral margins of the tegmina. This highly characteristic plesiomorphous feature served as the basis for the elevation of the group to subfamily rank by later classifiers, and the Oriental Allodahlia VERHOEFF species, together with the palaearctic Eulithinus analis RAMBUR, have ever since been considered as the subfamily Allodahliinae." The species of the group have been studied by BURR, DE H A A N , BEY-BIENKO, and BRINDLE, and the quite well defined classification is rather well known today. Phylogenetically, a certain relationship can be observed with the Timomenus BURR and Acanthocordax GÜNTHER species, relegated to the subfamily Opisthocosmiinae, in spite of their easy separation by external morphological characteristics. However, their mesosternum, body habit and the highly characteristic male forceps connect them with the Anechurids, and are separable only by the ledge-shaped rim of the tegmina. The characteristic development of the forceps - observable in general outline, but in a simplified form also in the Anechura - leaves no doubt that the Northern Oriental and Palaearctic species of the Anechura are derivable from the Allodahliinae. Distribution: Oriental and Palaearctic regions. 3 genera. Identification key to the genera 1

Tegmina shortened, about as long as pronotum, or slightly shorter; lateral margins with a well-discernible but narrow and not lamelliform ridge; wingless species 2 Y Tegmina not shortened, considerably longer than pronotum, lateral margins with an expressed ridge-like rim, more or less lamelliform; winged species Genus 40: Allodahlia, p. 371 2 First antennal joint short, about as long as half distance between antennal bases; antennae, when bending into eyes, reaching their anterior margins. Basal section on inner margin of male forceps with a well-discernible characteristic pair of teeth (Fig. 585), and margin without further tooth, or branches without basal tooth, but with inner tooth medially (Fig. 588). European species Genus 38: Eulithinus, p. 367 2' First antennal joint long, almost as long as distance between antennal bases; antennae, when bending into eyes, reaching nearly their posterior margins. Basal section on inner margin of male forceps without a pair of teeth, subsequent margin with two pairs of teeth, characteristic for Allodahlia species. Oriental species Genus 39: Brindleiana, p. 370

367 Genus 38: Eulithinus

HINCKS

1909 Lithinus BURR, Dt. ent. Z., 1909: 327. - Species typica: Forficula analis RAMBUR, 1938. 1935 Eulithinus HINCKS, Entomologist's month. Mag., 71: 274 (new name for Lithinus BURR, 1909, a junior primary homonymy of Lithinus KLUG, 1833 - Coleoptera). 1965 Eulithinus - POPHAM, Entomologist, London, 98: 135 (in subfamily Anechurinae). 1975 Eulithinus- STEINMANN, Acta zool. hung., 21: 218 (transference to subfamily Allodahliinae). 1976 Eulithinus - HARZ & KALTENBACH, Die Dermapteren Europas, 3: 81 (in subfamily Forficulinae). 1984 Eulithinus - STEINMANN, Acta zool. hung., 30: 203 (revision, and key to species). Literature: POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1968; SAKAI, 1973, 1982; TOWNES, 1945.

Description: Head wide, smooth, eyes small, essentially shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint short, about as long as half distance between antennal bases; only slightly longer than wide. Pronotum wide, transverse, flat. Tegmina shortened, about as long as pronotum, rather squamiform, their posterior margin meeting in an obtuse angle; lateral margins with prominent keels longitudinally. Wings entirely absent. Male genitalia of Forficula-type; virga within genital lobe comparatively short, with Forficula-type curvature basally. Distribution: South Europe. 2 species. Identification key to the species Larger species, body length with forceps 10-12 mm. General colour brownish or somewhat yellowish-brown. Male forceps strongly curved in basal section, and apically straightened; inner margins with one prominent tooth basally (Fig. 585). Pygidium ornamented with a lateral tooth 1. Eulithinus analis, p. 367 1' Smaller species, body length with forceps 7,5-8 mm. General colour dark reddish-brown or a little blackish. Male forceps strongly curved basally and apically; inner margins with a small tooth medially (Fig. 588). Pygidium ornamented with two lateral teeth 2. Eulithinus montanus, p. 368

1

1. Eulithinus analis (RAMBUR) 1838 Forficula analis RAMBUR, Faune Ent. Andal., 2:10.-Terra typica: Spain (Sierra Nevada) (Type male: Brit. Mus. nat. Hist., London). 1878 Chelidura analis - DUBRONY, Ann. Mus. civ. Stor. nat. Genova, 12: 439; figs (male in dorsal view, male forceps, and female in dorsal view). 1909 Lithinus analis - BURR, Dt. ent. Z., 1909: 327. 1911 Lithinus analis - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 72; pi. 6, fig. 14 (tegmina). 1935 Eulithinus analis - HINCKS, Entomologist's month. Mag., 71: 274. Literature: BORMANS & KRAUSS, 1900; BOESEMAN, 1954; HARZ & KALTENBACH, 1976; SAKAI, 1973, 1982; STEINMANN, 1975, 1984.

Description: Male general colour dark reddish-brown to brownish-black; shiny. Head wide, smooth, frons tumid; postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct; posterior margin faintly concave in the middle. Eyes moderately small, essentially shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint short, signifiquantly shorter than distance between antennal bases, only slightly longer

368 than wide. Pronotum strongly transverse, lateral margins somewhat widened posteriorly, posterior angles rounded, posterior margin convex; median longitudinal furrow distinct. Tegmina short, somewhat shorter than the length of the pronotum, posterior margin obliquely truncate; lateral keel well discernible, but not lamelliform. Wings absent. Abdomen short, somewhat depressed, tergites punctured; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 small. Ultimate tergite strongly transverse; depressed medially near posterior margin, and with two larger blunt protuberances laterally. Pygidium wide, trapezoid, lateral angles peg-shaped; ornamented with a sharp lateral tooth. Posterior margin of penultimate sternite broadly rounded. Forceps (Fig. 585) characteristic; branches strongly depressed basally, with a flattened ventral tooth near pygidium. Genitalia (Fig. 586, gen. prep. No. 621, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) normally developed; central parameral plate somewhat narrowed basally, and expanded apically; virga within genital lobe of Forficula-type, short; external parameres comparatively long, straight, obtuse apically. - Female very similar to male, but forceps (Fig. 587) very short, depressed. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 10-12 mm. Distribution: Spain.

Fig. 585 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Eulithinus analis (RAMBUR). Original.

Fig. 586 Male genital armature of Eulithinus analis (RAMBUR). Original.

Fig. 587 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Eulithinus analis (RAMBUR). Original.

2. Eulithinus montanus (STEINMANN) comb. nov. 1981 Pseudochelidura montana STEINMANN, Folia ent. hung., 4 2 (34): 189; fig. 37 (male ultimate tergite with forceps), 38 (genitalia of holotype). - Terra typica: Spain (Type male, gen. prep. No. 717, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN: Termeszettudomanyi Muzeum, Budapest).

369 1984 Eulithinus hispanicus STEINMANN, Acta zool. hung., 30: 202; fig. 25 (male ultimate tergite with forceps), 26 (genitalia of holotype). - Terra typica: Spain (Type male, gen. prep. No. 813, det. Dr. H . STEINMANN: MUS. civ. Stor. nat., Verona). - syn. n.

Description: Male general colour dark reddish-brown or a little blackish. Head broad, somewhat wider than pronotum, frons tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct; posterior margin of head concave in the middle. Eyes comparatively small, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint relatively long, but shorter than distance between antennal bases; second quadrate, third and the rest cylindrical. Pronotum very transverse, lateral margins straight, more or less parallel, or sometimes a little widened posteriorly; median longitudinal furrow present. Tegmina short, slightly shorter than the length of the pronotum; lateral keels prominent. Wings entirely absent. Abdomen depressed, gently dilated in the middle; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 small. Ultimate tergite broad, transverse. Pygigium characteristic, large, trigonal, and ornamented with two lateral, sharp teeth. Forceps (Fig. 588) strongly curved, branches depressed, somewhat trigonal basally, cylindrical medially and apically; inner margins with a single, small tooth medially, which is directed inwards. Posterior margin of penultimate sternite broadly rounded. Genitalia (Fig. 589) simple, of Forficula-type; central parameral plate well

Fig. 588 Holotype ultimate tergite with forceps of Eulithinus montanus (STEINMANN). After STEINMANN.

Fig. 589 Holotype genital armature of Eulithinus montanus (STEINMANN). After STEINMANN.

370 developed, broad, oval, virga within genital lobe short, with basal vesicle; external parameres fully developed, more or leess straight, with a very small spine at tips. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 7.5-8 mm. Distribution: Spain. Genus 39: Brindleiana

STEINMANN

1975 Brindleiana STEINMANN, Annls hist.-nat. Mus. natn. hung., 67: 74. - Species typica: Brindleiana atlas STEINMANN, 1975.

Literature:

SAKAI, 1 9 8 2 .

Description: Head wide, convex, frons tumid. Eyes small, but prominent. First antennal joint comparatively long, almost as long as distance between antennal bases; joint strongly narrowed basally, somewhat gibbous apically. Pronotum transverse, lateral margins weakly arcuate. Tegmina shortened, about as long as pronotum, lateral margins with a narrow, not lamelliform ledge-like, but still clearly visible rim. Wings absent. Abdomen broad. Male forceps strongly curved, undulate horizontaly and verticaly. Distribution: Burma. Single species. 1. Brindleiana atlas STEINMANN 1975 Brindleiana atlas STEINMANN, Annls hist.-nat. Mus. natn. hung., 67: 75; fig. 13 (male ultimate tergite with forceps), 14 (genitalia of holotype). - Terra typica: Burma (Type male, gen. prep. No. 396, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN: Termeszettudomanyi Muzeum, Budapest). Literature: SAKAI, 1 9 8 2 .

Description: Male general colour dark brownish-black; head and forceps dark red, head wide, large; frons tumid; postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct; posterior margin of head emarginate in the middle. Eyes small, typical, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae pale brown, 11-jointed; first joint moderately long, about as long as distance between antennal bases; second quadrate, the rest typical, cylindrical. Pronotum considerably widened, essentially wider than long, lateral margins arcuate, posterior margin arcuately rounded; median longitudinal furrow distinct on prozona. Tegmina shortened, posterior margin obliquely truncate. Wings entirely absent. Abdomen widest medially, with a greasy shine, entire body extremely finely punctate; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct. Ultimate tergite with lateral margins transitional into posterior margin. Pygidium triangular, strongly developed, its projecting apex rounded. Forceps (Fig. 590) extremely robust, completely of the Anechuratype, strongly curved and undulate horizontally and vertically. In a lateral view, forceps displaying, beyond a wide basal section, an Anechuroid curvature; teeth on the inner margins prominent medially and apically. Genitalia (Fig. 591) squat, medium elongate. Anterior section of central parameral plate slightly constricted, external parameres strongly widened, curving inwards, apically roun-

370 developed, broad, oval, virga within genital lobe short, with basal vesicle; external parameres fully developed, more or leess straight, with a very small spine at tips. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 7.5-8 mm. Distribution: Spain. Genus 39: Brindleiana

STEINMANN

1975 Brindleiana STEINMANN, Annls hist.-nat. Mus. natn. hung., 67: 74. - Species typica: Brindleiana atlas STEINMANN, 1975.

Literature:

SAKAI, 1 9 8 2 .

Description: Head wide, convex, frons tumid. Eyes small, but prominent. First antennal joint comparatively long, almost as long as distance between antennal bases; joint strongly narrowed basally, somewhat gibbous apically. Pronotum transverse, lateral margins weakly arcuate. Tegmina shortened, about as long as pronotum, lateral margins with a narrow, not lamelliform ledge-like, but still clearly visible rim. Wings absent. Abdomen broad. Male forceps strongly curved, undulate horizontaly and verticaly. Distribution: Burma. Single species. 1. Brindleiana atlas STEINMANN 1975 Brindleiana atlas STEINMANN, Annls hist.-nat. Mus. natn. hung., 67: 75; fig. 13 (male ultimate tergite with forceps), 14 (genitalia of holotype). - Terra typica: Burma (Type male, gen. prep. No. 396, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN: Termeszettudomanyi Muzeum, Budapest). Literature: SAKAI, 1 9 8 2 .

Description: Male general colour dark brownish-black; head and forceps dark red, head wide, large; frons tumid; postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct; posterior margin of head emarginate in the middle. Eyes small, typical, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae pale brown, 11-jointed; first joint moderately long, about as long as distance between antennal bases; second quadrate, the rest typical, cylindrical. Pronotum considerably widened, essentially wider than long, lateral margins arcuate, posterior margin arcuately rounded; median longitudinal furrow distinct on prozona. Tegmina shortened, posterior margin obliquely truncate. Wings entirely absent. Abdomen widest medially, with a greasy shine, entire body extremely finely punctate; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct. Ultimate tergite with lateral margins transitional into posterior margin. Pygidium triangular, strongly developed, its projecting apex rounded. Forceps (Fig. 590) extremely robust, completely of the Anechuratype, strongly curved and undulate horizontally and vertically. In a lateral view, forceps displaying, beyond a wide basal section, an Anechuroid curvature; teeth on the inner margins prominent medially and apically. Genitalia (Fig. 591) squat, medium elongate. Anterior section of central parameral plate slightly constricted, external parameres strongly widened, curving inwards, apically roun-

371 ded. Apex of unpaired genital lobe slightly transversely truncate at rest, virga within genital lobe thick and long, with specific, strongly sclerotized sclerites basally. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 25 mm. Distribution: Burma.

Fig. 590 Holotype ultimate tergite with forceps of Brindleiana atlas STEINMANN. After

Fig. 591 Holotype genital armature of Brindleiana atlas STEINMANN. After

STCINMANN.

STEINMANN.

Genus 1902

Allodahlia

VERHOEFF,

40:

Allodahlia

Zool. Anz., Leipzig, 2 5

VERHOEFF

(665): 194.

- Species typica: Forficula scabriuscula

SERVILLE, 1 8 3 9 .

1907 1910 1975 1975

Allodahlia Allodahlia Allodahlia Allodahlia

-

BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. London, 1907: 95 (in subfamily Anechurinae). BURR, Fauna brit. India Dermaptera: 149 (key to Indian species). STEINMANN, Acta zool. hung., 21: 218 (transference to subfamily Allodahliinae). STEINMANN, Annls hist.-nat. Mus. natn. hung., 67: 72 (key to species).

L i t e r a t u r e : BORELLI, 1 9 2 6 ; BRINDLE, 1 9 7 2 ; BEY-BIENKO, 1 9 3 6 ; BURR, 1 9 1 1 ; KAPOOR, 1 9 6 7 ; POPHAM, 1 9 6 5 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 ; TOWNES, 1 9 4 5 ; W u ,

1935.

Description: Robust insects, with a wide body. Generally black, blackishbrown or brown. Antennae shorter, joint 4 about as long as or shorter than joint 3. Mesosternum wide. Tegmina with lateral longitudinal keels. Male forceps characteristic, longer or shorter, but horizontally and vertically more or less arcuate; inner margins with one or two pairs of teeth. Pygidium with specific features quite visible in superior view; useful in identification of species. Female

371 ded. Apex of unpaired genital lobe slightly transversely truncate at rest, virga within genital lobe thick and long, with specific, strongly sclerotized sclerites basally. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 25 mm. Distribution: Burma.

Fig. 590 Holotype ultimate tergite with forceps of Brindleiana atlas STEINMANN. After

Fig. 591 Holotype genital armature of Brindleiana atlas STEINMANN. After

STCINMANN.

STEINMANN.

Genus 1902

Allodahlia

VERHOEFF,

40:

Allodahlia

Zool. Anz., Leipzig, 2 5

VERHOEFF

(665): 194.

- Species typica: Forficula scabriuscula

SERVILLE, 1 8 3 9 .

1907 1910 1975 1975

Allodahlia Allodahlia Allodahlia Allodahlia

-

BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. London, 1907: 95 (in subfamily Anechurinae). BURR, Fauna brit. India Dermaptera: 149 (key to Indian species). STEINMANN, Acta zool. hung., 21: 218 (transference to subfamily Allodahliinae). STEINMANN, Annls hist.-nat. Mus. natn. hung., 67: 72 (key to species).

L i t e r a t u r e : BORELLI, 1 9 2 6 ; BRINDLE, 1 9 7 2 ; BEY-BIENKO, 1 9 3 6 ; BURR, 1 9 1 1 ; KAPOOR, 1 9 6 7 ; POPHAM, 1 9 6 5 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 ; TOWNES, 1 9 4 5 ; W u ,

1935.

Description: Robust insects, with a wide body. Generally black, blackishbrown or brown. Antennae shorter, joint 4 about as long as or shorter than joint 3. Mesosternum wide. Tegmina with lateral longitudinal keels. Male forceps characteristic, longer or shorter, but horizontally and vertically more or less arcuate; inner margins with one or two pairs of teeth. Pygidium with specific features quite visible in superior view; useful in identification of species. Female

372

forceps simpler, elongate. Male genitalia simple; genital lobe unpaired, virga within genital lobe long, more or less sclerotized, or only basally so. Distribution: Oriental region. 12 species. Identification key to species 1

Tegmina tuberculate; almost entirely dull blackish species when fully mature. Pronotum with anterior angles produced. Posterior margin of male pygidium more or less truncate. Forceps of male (Fig. 592) comparatively thin, narrow and long; slightly arcuate as compared to those of its congeners, inr margins with a well-discernible tooth \. Allodahlia scabriuscula, p. 373 1 Tegmina not tuberculate, sometimes strongly rugose. Pronotum not produced at anterior angles. Posterior margin of male pygidium produced medially or with spines 2 2 Wings entirely yellow, or yellow at base; tegmina darker in colour 3 2' Wings and tegmina concolorous, blackish- to reddish-brown, wings at most with a very small apical spot 5 3 Wings entirely yellow. Both branches of male forceps (Fig. 595) more or less undulate, either strongly or weakly curved, and with one, two or three teeth on the inner margin of each branch 2. Allodahlia ochroptera, p. 374 3' Wings not entirely yellow, the yellow confined to bases. Both branches of male forceps not undulate, slightly sinuate or evenly curved, with or without inner teeth on each branch . . 4 4 Tegmina reddish anteriorly, dark brown posteriorly. Male forceps with branches slender, long, with two large inner teeth (Fig. 597). Pygidium in superior view wide, with a smaller or larger tooth on medio-posterior margin 3. Allodahlia ahrimanes, p. 375 4' Tegmina unicolorous, reddish-black. Male forceps with branches shorter, simple (Fig. 599). Pygidium in superior view comparatively narrow, basal section visibly wider, medio-posterior margin without a toothlet 4. Allodahlia guptae, p. 376 5 Abdomen finely punctured. Male forceps with branches slender, each branch with one inner tooth (Fig. 601). Pygidium in superior view extremely wide, visibly wider than basal width of forceps; medio-posterior margin with a small, obtuse tooth 5. Allodahlia dineshi, p. 377 5' Abdomen strongly punctured or rugose 6 6 Abdomen strongly and closely punctured. Male forceps wide, strongly arcuate, inner margins without pair of teeth medially, but apical section with tooth in form of an obtuse peg (Fig. 604). Pygidium well developed, its medio-posterior section with a strongly elongate peg 6. Allodahlia ancylura, p. 379 6' Abdomen punctured or rugose 7 7 Male forceps narrow, slender, median section of inner margins without a pair of teeth, apical pair well visible (Fig. 607). Both angles of posterior margin of pygidium with a minute tooth, somewhat resembling that of type-species, except and the angles of the wide and flat pygidium of the latter species are without toothlets 7. Allodahlia bispina, p. 380 7' Male forceps wide, robust, thick; inner margins with two pairs of teeth each 8 8 Pronotum as wide as long, or slightly wider than long. Male forceps long, nearly parallel up to evenly incurving apices (Fig. 608). Pygidium wide, medio-posterior margin with reclínate, minute, hardly discernible tooth 8. Allodahlia coriacea, p. 381 8' Pronotum considerably widened, visibly wider than long. Male forceps widest in basal third, then gradually and arcuately narrowing 9 9 Tegmina short, obliquely truncate posteriorly, wings absent or concealed. Branches of male forceps (Fig. 610) not undulate from a lateral view, and broader, pygidium of male directed dorsally, with apex concave 9. Allodahlia martensi, p. 382 9' Tegmina and wings normally developed 10 10 Dorsal surface of temina and abdomen finely granulóse, extremely dark, nearly black. Male pygidium very wide, medio-posterior section with a thin, aciculiform tooth (Fig. 613) 10. Allodahlia macropyga, p. 384 10' Tegmina and abdomen dorsally nearly smooth 11

373 11 Male pygidium broader at base, medially produced into a long tapering spine with blunt tip (Fig. 616) U . Allodahlia julkai, p. 385 11' Male pygidium broader at base, medially produced into a long tapering spine with tip acuminate (Fig. 619) 12. Allodahlia oxypyga, p. 386 1.

Allodahlia scabriuscula

(SERVILLE)

1839 Forficula scabriuscula SERVILLE, Hist. nat. Ins., Orth., Paris: 38. - Terra typica: "Amérique méridionale" (loc. erroneanus) (Type male: Naturhist. Mus., Wien). 1842 Forficula brachynota DE HAAN, Verh. nat. Ges. Nederl. Overz. Bezitt. Orth.: 243. - Terra typica: Sumatra (Type male: Rijksmus. natuurl. Hist., Leiden). 1900 Forficula brachynota - DE BORMANS & KRAUSS, Das Tierreich, Berlin, 11: 103 [as synonym of scabriuscula

(SERVILLE, 1839)].

1902 Allodahlia scabriuscula - VERHOEFF, Zool. Anz., Leipzig, 25 (665): 194. 1911 Allodahlia scabriuscula - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 71; pl. 6, fig. 13 (pronotum), 13a (tegmina) (India, Burma, Java, Borneo, Sumatra). 1936 Allodahlia scabriuscula - BEY-BIENKO, Faune de l'URSS, Dermaptera: 150; fig. 49 (male in dorsal view) (Bhutan, Sikkim, Burma). Literature: BOESEMAN, 1954; BORMANS, 1888; BRINDLE, 1966, 1972; BURR, 1900, 1907, 1910, 1911, 1912; KIRBY, 1904; SAKAI, 1973, 1982; SRIVASTAVA, 1976, 1978; STEINMANN, 1975, 1983.

Description: Male general colour dark reddish-brown; body entirely dull. Tegmina and wings scattered and with relatively large tubercles, together with more numerous very small tubercles; abdominal tergites strongly and closely punctured. Head broad, widened posteriorly; postfrontal and coronal sutures very distinct, posterior margin of head sinuate. Eyes very small, essentially shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae 12-jointed; first shorter than distance between antennal bases. Pronotum transverse, anterior angles

Fig. 592 Male forceps of Allodahlia scabriuscula (SERVILLE). After STEINMANN.

Fig. 593 Male genital armature of Allodahlia scabriuscula

Original.

(SERVILLE).

Fig. 594 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Allodahlia scabriuscula (SERVILLE). Original.

374 strongly produced, lateral and posterior margins broadly rounded, sides slightly reflexed; prozona with five blunt longitudinal tubercles. Tegmina ample, strongly rounded at the shoulders, convex, posterior margin sinuate; the lateral and longitudinal carina is very sharp and distinct, dying out just before the posterior margin; the disc of the tegmina is covered with a dense mass of small tubercles and a few scattered larger points, so that it is entirely rough and scabrous; the lateral portion is densely rugose without the larger points. Wings rugose and scabrous. Abdomen somewhat flattened, constricted at the base, dilated about the middle and attenuate apically; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct. Ultimate tergite transverse, slightly sloping; posterior margin incrassate and slightly reflexed and smooth. Pygidium short, transverse. Forceps (Fig. 592) with branches elongated, variable in length, both branches slender, not or scarcely undulate, with one tooth on the inner margin. Genitalia (Fig. 593, gen. prep. No. 172, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) large; central parameral plate broad, virga within genital lobe very long and associated with a sclerotized section basally; external parameres comparatively short and broad, rounded apically. - Female similar to male, but forceps (Fig. 594) subcontiguous, straight, slightly excavate at the base itself to admit the pygidium quite straight and parallel for two-thirds of length, then suddenly attenuate and very gently arcuate, the tips crossing. Length of body with forceps, male: 19-28 mm, female: 17-21 mm. Distribution: Oriental region. 2.

Allodahlia ochroptera BRINDLE

1972 Allodahlia ochroptera BRINDLE, Entomologist's month. Mag., 108: 27; fig. 9 (male forceps). Terra typica: Burma (Type male: Brit. Mus. nat. Hist., London). L i t e r a t u r e : SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 7 5 .

Description: Male dark brown to blackish uniformly, wings yellow. Cuticle rather dull, body faintly punctured. Head broad, transverse, frons tumid; postfrontal and coronal sutures distinct; lateral margins slightly convex, posterior angles rounded, posterior margin straight. Eyes short, smaller than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint well developed, about as long as distance between antennal bases; second quadrate, third joint twice as long as wide. Pronotum strongly transverse, lateral margins converging posteriorly, posterior margin slightly convex; anterior angles produced, but tips rounded; cuticle deeply and closely punctured posteriorly; two smooth, slightly raised circular areas anteriorly on each side of median longitudinal furrow. Tegmina relatively short, distal margin concave, cuticle very strongly and densely punctured; lateral longitudinal keel sharp. Wings impunctate. Legs long, tibiae almost as long as femora in posterior pair of legs; tarsi with basal joint much longer than both distal joints in posterior pair. Abdomen somewhat depressed; lateral glandular folds on third tergite small, those on fourth tergite large. Pygidium broad, posterior margin with a smaller tubercle medially. Forceps

375 (Fig. 595) of Allodahlia-type, arcuate, branches more or less cylindrical in cross-section; inner margins with two or three pairs of teeth. Genitalia unknown. - Female very similar to male, but branches of forceps (Fig. 596) slender, simple, with apex incurved, contiguous. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 16-18 mm. Distribution: Burma.

Fig. 595 Male forceps of Allodahlia ochroptera BRINDLE. After BRINDLE.

3.

Fig. 596 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Allodahlia ochroptera BRINDLE. Original.

Allodahlia ahrimanes (BURR)

1900 Anechura ahrimanes BURR, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (7) 6: 79; pi. 6, fig. 5 (male in dorsal view). Terra typica: Sikkim (Type male: brit. Mus. nat. Hist., London). 1910 Allodahlia ahrimanes - BURR, Fauna brit. India Dermaptera: 154; fig. 98 (male in dorsal view) (Sikkim, Assam).

Literature:

BRINDLE, 1 9 7 2 ; BURR, 1 9 1 1 ; HINCKS, 1 9 4 7 ; KIRBY, 1 9 0 4 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA,

1 9 7 6 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 7 5 .

Description: Male head and antennae dark reddish; pronotum black, brown laterally; tegmina reddish for anterior half or more, sutures and posterior part dark brown; legs with femora reddish-brown, apices darkened, tibiae and tarsi yellowish-brown; wings dark brown with basal half yellow; abdomen and forceps brownish-red. Cuticle finely punctulated. Head broad, tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct; posterior margin concave. Eyes small, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint about as long as distance between antennal bases, the rest typical. Pronotum large, a little wider than the head; transverse; lateral margins parallel, posterior margin convex; median longitudinal furrow present. Tegmina broad, obliquely truncate posteriorly. Wings prominent. Abdomen large, broad, depressed; lateral glandular folds on tergites

376

3 - 4 distinct; abdominal tergites punctured, punctures deeper than those on tegmina but their diameter smaller, the punctures deeper on basal half of each tergite. Ultimate tergite transverse, with a small rounded lateral projection slightly raised above the base of each branch of the forceps. Pygidium characteristic, in superior view wide, with a smaller or larger tooth on posterior margin medially. Forceps (Fig. 597) long, slightly sinuate, remote at the base and tricarinate there, slightly diverging at first, then subsinuate until the apices meet and cross; branches with two inner teeth, the median tooth large and directed inwards, and the distal tooth smaller and directed more ventrally. Genitalia (Fig. 598, gen. prep. No. 1017, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) characteristic; central parameral plate oval and broad apically, slender basally; virga within genital lobe very long; external parameres comparatively small and short, broadly rounded apically. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 18-25 mm. Distribution: Sikkim, Assam, Bengal, Vietnam, and Burma.

\ Fig. 597 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Allodahlia ahrimanes (BURR). Original.

4.

Fig. 598 Male genital armature of Allodahlia ahrimanes (BURR). Original.

Allodahlia guptae

KAPOOR

1968 Allodahliaguptae KAPOOR, Entomologist, London, 101:80; fig. 2 (male forceps), 3 (penultimate sternite of male), 4 (genitalia of holotype). - Terra typica: Sikkim (Type male: KAPOOR'S Collection). Literature: BRINDLE, 1 9 7 2 ; SAKAI, 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 7 5 .

377 Description: Male general colour dark reddish-black; wings with an oval yellow spot near base. Head longer than wide; frons tumid, occiput depressed, postfrontal and coronal sutures faint; posterior margin of head concave in the middle. Eyes typical, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae 12-jointed (after KAPOOR); first joint club-shaped, longer than the second and third combined, fourth smaller than third, fifth nearly equal to third, the rest gradually lengthening and cylindrical. Pronotum wider than long, anterior margin truncate, lateral margins straight and posterior margin rounded; median longitudinal furrow distinct; prozona very tumid and greatly demarcated from the much depressed metazona. Tegmina normally developed, about three times longer than wide with broadly rounded shoulders. Wings present. Abdomen narrowed towards the apex and slightly depressed in middle, lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct. Ultimate tergite transverse, dorsal surface with a larger depression medially near posterior margin. Forceps (Fig. 599) elongate, slightly remote, depressed basally, with a pair of small blunt teeth near the base followed by a crest and then gently arcuate with apices meeting. Genitalia (Fig. 600) characteristic; central parameral plate well developed, narrowed basally, virga within genital lobe very long, with a specific sclerotized plate and a curvature basally; external parameres large, broad, conspicuous. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 12,5 mm. Distribution ^in^m

Fig. 599 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Allodahlia guptae KAPOOR. After KAPOOR.

Fig. 600 Holotype genital armature of Allodahlia guptae KAPOOR. After KAPOOR.

5. Allodahlia dineshi

GANGOLA

1965 Allodahlia dineshi GANGOLA, Entomologist, London, 98: 235; fig. 18 (genitalia of holotype), 19 (male head, pronotum, and tegmina), 20 (fore leg), 21 (male forceps). - Terra typica: North India (Type male: GANGOLA'S Collection). L i t e r a t u r e : BRINDLE, 1 9 7 2 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 7 5 .

378 Description: Male head brownish-black, tegmina and wings light reddishbrown, legs and forceps brick-red, abdomen chestnut, pygidium dull black. Tegmina punctured, wings with a yellow spot on inner apical margin at extreme apex. Head broad, smooth, frons tumid; postfrontal and coronal sutures distinct; posterior margin emarginate in the middle. Eyes typical, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae 13-jointed; first joint somewhat shorter than distance between antennal bases. Pronotum strongly transverse, slightly narrowed posteriorly; posterior margin convex; prozona having two well-marked depressions and metazona flat; disc finely punctulate. Tegmina dilated, short, punctulate, sides convex and not parallel, lateral longitudinal keels well developed and complete, posterior margins obliquely truncate. Wings resembling tegmina except at the inner tips where there are two yellow spots facing each other. Abdomen dilated about the middle; tergites finely punctulate; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct. Ultimate tergite transverse, short, sides concave, posterior margin sinuate. Pygidium prominent, terminating in a sharp triangular spine in middle. Forceps (Fig. 601) remote, slender, straight, smooth, with a sharp tooth projecting downwards on inner margins, dividing the inner boundary of the forceps into two marked areas, the apices gently incurved. Genitalia (Fig. 602) well developed; central parameral plate large, virga within genital lobe very long, of Allodahlia-type; external parameres broad with apices rounded. - Female very similar to male, but forceps slender, tapering, simple,

Fig. 601 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Allodahlia dineshi GANGOLA. After GANGOLA.

Fig. 602 Holotype genital armature of Allodahlia dineshi GANGOLA. After GANGOLA.

Fig. 603 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Allodahlia dineshi GANGOLA. Original.

379 straight and elongate (Fig. 603). - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 16-18 mm. Distribution: North India. 6.

Allodahlia ancylura

(DOHRN)

1865 Forficula ancylura DOHRN, Stettiner ent. Ztg, 26: 91. - Terra typica: Philippines (Type male: SEMPER'S Collection). 1883 Anechura ancylura - BORMANS, Annls Soc. ent. Belg., 27 (2): 88; pi. 3, fig. 22 (male in dorsal view). 1910 Allodahlia ancylura - BURR, Fauna brit. India Dermaptera: 151 [proposed synonymy with macropyga (WESTWOOD, 1839)]. 1911 Allodahlia ancylura-BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122:71 (as valid taxon) (Himalayas, Burma, Philippines). 1966 Allodahlia spinosa BRINDLE, Ark. Zool., Uppsala, 18 (18): 444; fig. 7 (genitalia of holotype), 8 (ditto), 9 (female forceps). - Terra typica: Philipinnes (Type male: Naturhist. Riksmus., Stockholm). 1972 Allodahlia spinosa - BRINDLE, Entomologist's month. Mag., 108: 29 [proposed synonymy with ancylura (DOHRN, 1865)]. Literature: BORMANS & KRAUSS, 1 9 0 0 ; KIRBY, 1 9 0 4 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, STEINMANN, 1 9 7 5 , 1 9 8 9 .

1976;

Description: Male head and pronotum black, tegmina blackish-brown, slightly tinged with red, wings brownish, yellow at extreme apex; femora reddish, black at apices, tibiae and tarsi blackish-brown, abdomen dark red, forceps blackish. Head comparatively small, frons tumid; postfrontal and coronal sutures distinct;

Fig. 604 Male forceps of Allodahlia ancylura (DOHRN). Original.

Fig. 605 Male genital armature of Allodahlia ancylura (DOHRN). Original.

Fig. 606 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Allodahlia ancylura (DOHRN). Original.

380 posterior margin concave. Eyes prominent but small, essentially shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint normally developed, about as long as distance between antennal bases; the rest typical. Pronotum transverse, lateral margins convex, somewhat narrowed posteriorly, posterior margin rounded; median longitudinal furrow present. Tegmina short, unicolorous, lateral longitudinal keels sharp. Wings present. Abdomen short, broad, somewhat depressed, tergites punctured; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct. Ultimate tergite transverse, with obtuse lateral tubercles. Pygidium transverse, posterior margin with a long median spine. Forceps (Fig. 604) curved and undulate, with or without an angle near base, and with a ventral inner tooth towards apex. Genitalia (Fig. 6 0 5 , gen. prep. No. 3 9 8 , det. Dr. H . STEINMANN from Burma) well developed; central parameral plate broad, narrowed basally, expanded apically, virga within genital lobe very long with specific, and strongly sclerotized, plate basally, external parameres short and broad, with obtuse apices. - Female very similar to male, but forceps (Fig. 606) long, slender, gradually curved outwards, then curved more sharply inwards near apex; pygidium small and with a smaller spine. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 16-21 mm. Distribution: Philippine Islands, Burma, and India: Himalayas.

7.

Allodahlia bispina

BEY-BIENKO

1959 Allodahlia bispina BEY-BIENKO, Ent. Obozr., Moscow, 38: 620; fig. 37 (male ultimate tergite with forceps). - Terra typica: China: Yunnan (Type male: Zool. Inst. Mus. Acad. Sci. URSS, Leningrad). L i t e r a t u r e : BRINDLE, 1 9 7 2 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 7 5 .

Description: Male general colour dark brownish-black, very similar to scabriuscula (SERVILLE), but tegmina not tuberculate. Head broad, a little widened posteriorly; postfrontal and coronal sutures distinct; posterior margin concave. Eyes typical, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint shorter than the distance between antennal bases. Pronotum transverse, lateral and posterior margins broadly rounded; median longitudinal furrow distinct. Tegmina and wings normally developed, lateral longitudinal keels of tegmina sharp. Abdomen comparatively short and broad, somewhat depressed, lateral glandular folds on tergite 3 small, those on fourth tergite large. Ultimate tergite transverse. Surface of abdominal tergites punctured or rugose. Pygidium transverse, specific, with minute tooth laterally. Forceps (Fig. 607) of Allodahliatype, branches somewhat depressed basally, cylindrical medially and apically, inner margins with a well-isolated tooth. Genitalia unknown. - Female very similar to male, but pygidium simple, small, and forceps slender, straight, typical. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 2 0 - 2 3 mm. Distribution: China: Yunnan.

381

Fig. 607 bispina

Holotype forceps of Allodahlia

BEY-BIENKO. A f t e r BEY-BIENKO.

8.

Allodahlia coriacea

(BORMANS)

1894 Anechura coriacea BORMANS, Ann. Mus. civ. Stor. nat. Genova, 34: 403. - Terra typica: Burma (Type male: Mus. civ. Stor. nat. Genova). 1910 Allodahlia coriacea - BURR, Fauna brit. India Dermaptera: 153; fig. 51 (male in dorsal view) (Bhutan, Burma). 1954 Allodahlia coriacea - BOESEMAN, Zool. Verh., Leiden, 21: 102 (Sumatra, Borneo). 1959 Allodahlia coriacea signata BEY-BIENKO, Ent. Obozr., Moscow, 38: 620. - Terra typica: China: Yunnan (Type male: unknown locality). 1972 Allodahlia coriacea - BRINDLE, Entomologist's month. Mag., 108: 26; fig. 2 (male forceps) (North India, Bhutan, Burma, Vietnam, China: Yunnan, Borneo). 1975 Allodahlia coriacea signata - STEINMANN, Folia ent. hung., 28: 164 [proposed synonymy with coriacea

(BORMANS, 1 8 9 4 ) ] .

1975 Allodahlia coriacea - STEINMANN, Annls hist.-nat. Mus. natn. hung., 67: 74; fig. 8 (male ultimate tergite with forceps), 9 (male genitalia). Literature: BORMANS & KRAUSS, 1 9 0 0 ; BURR, 1 9 1 1 ; KIRBY, 1 9 0 4 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1976.

Description: Male colour reddish brown, head reddish; legs reddish-brown, apices of femora darker; antennae black, sometimes with one or two joints pale yellowish. Head convex, tumid; postfrontal and coronal sutures distinct; posterior margin concave in the middle. Eyes typical, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint relatively long, about as long as distance between antennal bases, the rest typical. Pronotum rectangular, somewhat wider than long, anterior margin truncate, anterior angles rather sharp; lateral margins quite straight, gently reflexed, very slightly converging posteriorly, posterior margin very faintly convex. Prozona tumid, with an impressed spot on each side of the median longitudinal furrow; the metazona is flattened and coriaceous. Tegmina ample and broad at the shoulders; lateral longitudinal keels sharp, prominent. Wings with punctulation almost obsolete, almost smooth; black with a very small yellowish spot at the apex. Abdomen somewhat depressed, the whole surface densely and finely punctulate; sloping. Pygidium short, transverse and

382 rectangular, with a median longitudinal impression, and somewhat tumid on each side, produced in the middle of the posterior margin into a short, compressed, protruding lobular fold. Forceps (Fig. 608) remote, slender, elongate; inner margins armed with two smaller, sometimes larger, teeth medially. Genitalia (Fig. 609) characteristic; central parameral plate large, virga within genital lobe very long with a specific and strongly sclerotized plate basally; external parameres comparatively large, broad, with apices obtuse. - Female similar to male, but pygidium short and obtuse, forceps with branches subcontiguous, excavate at the base on the inner margin to admit the pygidium, nearly straight, elongate, simple and unarmed. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 19-21 mm. Distribution: India, Burma, China, Vietnam, Indonesia: Borneo and Sumatra.

Fig. 608 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Allodahlia coriacea (BORMANS). After

Fig. 609 Male genital armature of Allodahlia coriacea (BORMANS). After STEINMANN.

BRINDLE.

9. Allodahlia martensi

BRINDLE

1974 Allodahlia martensi BRINDLE, Senckenberg. biol., 55 (1 - 3): 154; fig. 13 (male in dorsal view), 14 (male pygidium in lateral view), 15 (male forceps), 16 (genitalia of holotype), 17 (female forceps). - Terra typica: Nepal (Type male: Brit. Mus. nat. Hist., London). Literature: SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 8 3 .

383 Description: Male black, or with head partly or entirely reddish; antennae dark brown, femora blackish-brown, tibiae and tarsi brown to dark brown. Cuticle glabrous, head sparsely punctured, pronotum punctured and partially rugose posteriorly, tegmina punctured and somewhat rugose, each tegmen with a well-developed lateral longitudinal keel forming an explanate margin which is curved dorsally; abdominal tergites finely and sparsely punctured. Head transverse, tumid, or with vertex slightly depressed; postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct. Eyes small, essentially shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint relatively short, shorter than distance between antennal bases; second quadrate, third joint threee times as long as wide, the rest normal, cylindrical, distal joints evenly and gradually narrowed to base. Pronotum strongly transverse, lateral margins straight, posterior margin convex. Tegmina short, posterior margins obliquely truncate; wings absent or concealed. Abdomen broad, somewhat depressed, lateral margins convex; lateral glandular folds on third tergite small, those on fourth large. Ultimate tergite broad, depressed medially near posterior margin, and with a low, broad tubercle above the base of each branch of the forceps. Forceps (Fig. 610) elliptical in cross-section, broader at base, cylindrical distally, somewhat variable in length, and evenly curved; inner margins with a median tooth towards base and a second ventro-median tooth distally. Pygidium broad, thick, and flattened, narrowed distally and with apex concave, entire pygidium directed dorsally. Genitalia (Fig. 611) comparatively small; central parameral plate narrow, virga within genital lobe long and

Fig. 610 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Allodahlia mar tens i

Fig. 611 Holotype genital armature of Allodahlia martensi BRINDLE. After

Fig. 612 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Allodahlia martensi

BRINDLE. A f t e r BRINDLE.

BRINDLE.

BRINDLE. A f t e r BRINDLE.

384 with an elongated basal vesicle; external parameres moderately long and narrow. - Female similar to male, but ultimate tergi te narrower; forceps (Fig. 612) with very short branches, which are broad at base, narrowed distally, dorsal part of pygidium broadly triangular. - Length of body with forceps, male: 13-15 mm, female: 11-11.5 mm. Distribution: Nepal.

10. Allodahlia macropyga

(WESTWOOD)

1836 Forficula macropyga WESTWOOD, in ROYLE, 111. Bot. nat. Hist. Himalaya. Mts., 2: 9. - Terra typica: Himalayas (Type male: Univ. Mus., Oxford). 1865 Forficula huegeli DOHRN, Stettiner ent. Ztg, 26: 92. - Terra typica: India (Type male: Naturhist. Mus., Wien). 1900 Anechura macropyga - BORMANS & KRAUSS, Das Tierreich, Berlin, 11: 103. 1900 Forficula huegeli - BORMANS & KRAUSS, Das Tierreich, Berlin, 11: 103 [as synonym of macropyga

(WESTWOOD, 1836)].

1911 Allodahlia macropyga - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 71; pi. 6, fig. 12 (male in dorsal view), 12a (thoracal sterna), pi. 7, fig. 5 (male abdominal end with forceps), 5a (thoracal sterna). 1961 Allodahlia macropyga - BHARADWAJ & BHATNAGAR, Zool. Anz., Leipzig, 167: 288; fig. 12 (pronotum), 13 (male ultimate tergite with forceps), 14 (penultimate sterni te), 15 (male genitalia), 16 (female forceps).

Literature:

BRINDLE, 1 9 7 2 ; BURR, 1 9 1 0 ; KIRBY, 1 9 0 4 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 7 5 , 1 9 8 9 .

Description: Male general colour dark reddish-brown to black; antennae and legs reddish-brown or darker; cuticle shiny, sometimes with a brassy sheen. Head large, broad, frons tumid; postfrontal and coronal sutures distinct; posterior margin of head somewhat concave in the middle. Eyes typical, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint somewhat shorter than distance between antennal bases, the rest typical. Pronotum strongly transverse, anterior margin subsinuate, the anterior angles slightly produced; lateral margins somewhat incrassate subconvex, posterior margin slightly convex; the surface is depressed, and finely rugulose, the prozona not tumid, the median logitudinal furrow obselete, with no impressions at the sides. Tegmina not dilated, and with deep and large punctures, almost rugose; the keel extending almost to the posterior margin, which is truncate. Wings well developed, more finely punctulate. Abdomen depressed, somewhat dilated towards the apex, with upper surface punctate; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct. Ultimate tergite short and transverse. Pygidium short, thick, conical, produced posteriorly in the form of a blunt triangle, or with a distinct spine. Forceps (Fig. 613) with the branches widely remote at the base, rather stout and compressed at the base itself; generally undulate, and with two inner teeth close together. Genitalia (Fig. 614) specific; central parameral plate comparatively narrow and short, virga within genital lobe very long; external parameres conspicuously wide. Female similar to male, but pygidium small, triangular, and forceps (Fig. 615)

385

/ Fig. 613 Male forceps of Allodahlia macropyga (WESTWOOD). Original.

Fig. 614 Male genital armature of Allodahlia macropyga (WESTWOOD). After BRINDLE.

Fig. 615 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Allodahlia macropyga (WESTWOOD). Original.

slender, straight, simple. - Length of body with forceps, male: 15-19 mm, female: 14-16 mm. Distribution: India, South China, Bhutan, Thailand, Vietnam, and Burma. 11.

Allodahlia julkai

SRIVASTAVA

1978 Allodahliajulkai SRIVASTAVA, Entomologist's month. Mag., 1 1 4 : 2 3 1 , fig. 1 (pronotum), 2 (male forceps), 3 (genitalia of holotype), 4 (basal portion of virga), 5 (female forceps). - Terra typica: India (Type male: Nation. Coll. Zool. Survey India, Calcutta). Literature: SAKAI, 1982.

Description: Male general colour reddish black, abdomen darker, legs and forceps slightly lighter. Head large, convex, smooth; postfrontal and coronal sutures fine, but distinct; posterior margin emarginate in the middle. Eyes prominent, but shorter than thee length of head behind eyes. Antennae typical, joints long and slender. Pronotum transverse, anterior margin straight, with angles a little projecting, sides almost straight, reflexed, gently converging posteriorly; posterior margin briefly rounded; median longitudinal furrow faint, prozona tumid and well differentiated from flat metazona. Tegmina well developed, lateral longitudinal keels distinct, the disc shallowly punctate. Wings scarcely visible beyond the tegmina, smooth. Abdomen with slightly heavier punctation than tegmina, convex above, gradually enlarging from base to ultimate tergite; lateral glandular folds on tergite 3 weakly, those on tergite 4 large. Ultimate tergite transverse, posterior margin faintly concave in the middle,

386 laterally oblique. Pygidium broader at base, medially produced into a long tapering spine with tip blunt, in profile gently curved in middle. Forceps (Fig. 616) with branches remote at base, strongly curved in basal two-thirds, distally straight with apices gently hooked and pointed; inner margins with a pair of teeth, in profile branches undulate in basal two-thirds, distally almost horizontal. A second pair of teeth in apical portion. Genitalia (Fig. 617) small; central parameral plate narrow, virga within genital lobe very long, with a strongly sclerotized plate basally; external parameres normally developed. Female as male, but pygidium triangular, and forceps (Fig. 618) simple and straight. - Length of body with forceps, male: 28 mm, female: 14 mm. Distribution: India.

Fig. 616 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Allodahlia julkai

armature of Allodahlia julkai SRIVASTAVA. After

Fig. 618 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Allodahlia julkai

SRIVASTAVA. After

SRIVASTAVA.

SRIVASTAVA. After SRIVASTAVA.

SRIVASTAVA.

12.

Allodahlia oxypyga

BEY-BIENKO

Allodahlia oxypyga BEY-BIENKO, Zool. Zh., Moscow, 4 9 : 1 8 1 8 ; pi. 2 , fig. 7 (male ultimate tergite with forceps). - Terra typica: Vietnam (Type male: Zool. Inst. Mus. Acad. Sci. URSS, Leningrad). Literature: SAKAI, 1 9 8 2 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 7 5 . 1970

Description: Male head dark brownish-black; scape, median part of pronotum, tegmina, wings and abdomen, dark brown; antennae without scape, and forceps, brown, lateral parts of pronotum, basal part of femora, tibiae and tarsi light brown or yellowish-brown, apical part of femora reddish-brown. Head

387

rounded, convex; postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct, posterior margin convex. Eyes prominent but short, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint about as long as distance between antennal bases, second transverse, the rest elongate, slender, cylindrical. Pronotum about as long as wide, lateral margins convex and converging posteriorly, posterior margin rounded; median longitudinal furrow present. Tegmina and wings normally developed. Abdomen somewhat depressed, somewhat widened medially; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct. Ultimate tergite transverse. Pygidium large, broad basally, posterior margin produced by a median spine. Forceps (Fig. 619) strongly curved and undulate, branches somewhat depressed basally, cylindrical medially and apically; inner margins with two teeth. Genitalia unknown to me. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 17 mm. Distribution: Vietnam.

V Fig. 619 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Allodahlia oxypyga BEY-BIENKO. A f t e r BEY-BIENKO.

Subfamily 6. Anechurinae

BURR

1901 Chelidurinae VERHOEFF, Sber. Ges. naturf. Freunde Berlin, 1901: 15 (for genus Chelidura LATREILLE, 1 8 2 5 ) .

1902 Anechuritii VERHOEFF, Zool. Anz., Leipzig, 25 (665): 196. 1907 Anechurinae BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. London, 1907: 94. - Genus typicum: Anechura SCUDDER, 1876.

1911 Chelidurinae - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122, 69 (key to genera Chelidura LATREILLE, 1 8 2 5 , Mesochelidura

VERHOEFF, 1 9 0 2 , a n d Burriola

SEMENOV, 1 9 0 8 ) .

1911 Anechurinae - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 70 (key to genera

Mesasiobia

SEMENOV, 1 9 0 0 , Allodahlia VERHOEFF, 1 9 0 2 , Lithinus BURR, 1 9 0 9 , Pterygida, VERHOEFF, 1 9 0 2 , Lithinus BURR, 1 0 9 , Pseudochelidura VERHOEFF, 1 9 0 2 , a n d Anechura SCUDDER, 1 8 7 6 ) .

1936 Anechurinae - BEY-BIENKO, Faune de l'URSS, Dermaptera: 120 (proposed synonymy with Forficulinae). 1954 Anechuridae BRUES, MELANDER & CARPENTER, Classification of Insects, Cambridge (Mass.): 116.

388 1968 Anechurinae - POPHAM & BRINDLE, Entomologist, 101: 198 (key to genera). 1989 Anechurinae - STEINMANN, World Catalogue of Dermaptera, Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, p. 745. Literature: BOESEMAN, 1 9 5 4 ; BORELLI, 1 9 0 6 ; BRINDLE, 1 9 6 9 ; HINCKS, 1 9 3 8 ; MAAAN, 1 9 6 5 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; SEMENOV, 1 9 0 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 7 5 , 1 9 7 7 .

Description: This group is still not completely clarified, and the present place in the system of many of the species included in it still disputable. The Anechurinae may be distinguished from the other species of Forficulidae by their mesosternum being wider than long. Accordingly, the habitus of these insects is wide and robust, constituting a group designable generally as being of the Chelidura- or Anechura-type. The forceps of Anechurinae are cylindrical, their basic section not flattened, as in the Forficula-type, or in the other Forficulid earwigs which have a narrow mesosternum and with forceps differing from the Anechura-type. However, the evaluation of these characteristics is by far not an easy task, and Anechurinae, especially certain Anechura species, can be separated from other Forficulids only on the basis of experience and skill. An acceptable systematic survey is to be expected only from a study of the comparative morphological analysis of the genital apparatus - the more so as it was already proven that a recourse to the structure of the genitalia has in essence solved all similar suprageneric problems in the other families of the order. Even a cursory glance at the various structures serves as corroboration of this statement, and thus it is all the more unfortunate that the genitalia of the great majority of Forficulid species are unknown and that new species are still described without the study and publication of their genital apparatuses. VERHOEFF and BURR have stated that the secondary shortening and complete reduction, respectively, of the tegmina and wings is an important feature in the classification of the species constituting the group. On the basis of these characteristics, they have distinguished and separated the species belonging in the genera Chelidura, Mesochelidura, Chelidurella, and Mesasiobia, as well as a part of the Anechura species for which SEMENOV established the genus Burriola in 1908. Later some transitional speciees have been found (for which SEMENOV erected the genus Borelliola), until the generic application of these features became unfeasible in view of the fact that the characteristic of the tegmina mentioned above was found to occur at nearly every level of development in the divers Anechura species. At present, the genus Anechura contains all those species which cannot generically be relegated to any other genus of the subfamily. The other taxonomically evaluable feature of the group, namely the configuration of the forceps, is also very difficult to interpret even by comparative morphological investigation, owing to the form-groups macrolabia and microlabia, and to the intermediate forms. Distribution: Palaearctic region. 9 genera.

389

Identification key to the genera 1 1' 2 2' 3 3' 4 4' 5 5' 6 6' 7 7' 8 8'

Body more or less depressed or comparatively flattened; male penultimate sternite with or without median excision 2 Body subcylindrical or cylindrical 3 Posterior margin of male penultimate sternite with a deep excision in middle (Fig. 620), and a small median ridge present apically Genus 41: Neopterygida, p. 389 Posterior margin of male penultimate sternite without median excision Genus 42: Pterygida, p. 391 Tegmina rudimentary or abbreviated; wings absent 4 Tegmina short or normally developed; wings absent or present 7 Tegmina rudimentary, and associated with a shorter section medially 5 Tegmina abbreviated, and associated with a longer section medially; posterior margins of tegmina obliquely truncate 6 Pygidium of male strongly transverse, smaller or larger, but not funneliform Genus 43: Chelidura, p. 409 Pygidium of male characteristic, funneliform Genus 44: Eumegalura, p. 433 Male forceps simply arcuate; pygidium of male prominent . . . . Genus 45: Perirrhytus, p. 434 Male forceps not simply arcuate, and pygidium of male not prominent Genus 46: Pseudochettdura, p. 438 Tegmina short, not covering metanotum, posterior margins transverse, bow-shaped, excised; male ultimate tergite with paired, strongly depressed lateral lobes Genus 47: Mesasiobia, p. 444 Tegmina normally developed, wings absent, concealed or perfect; male ultimate tergite with or without paired, dorsal, spine-like tubercles, but without strongly depressed lateral lobes posteriorly 8 Male ultimate tergite with paired, spine-like tubercles posteriorly or branches armed with produced lamellate dilatation on the inner margins basally Genus 48: Oreasiobia, p. 446 Male ultimate tergite without conspicuous spine-like tubercles posteriorly, and branches normally depressed or cylindrical basally Genus 49: Anechura, p. 454

Genus

41:

Neopterygida

SRIVASTAVA

1984 Neopterygida SRIVASTAVA, Bull. zool. Surv. India, 5 (2-3): 159. - Species typica: Forfícula circuíala

DOHRN, 1865.

Description: Head depressed, postfrontal and coronal sutures marked by faint depression. Antennae with basal joints narrowed basally. Pronotum about as long as wide. Tegmina and wings well developed, former smooth and ecarinate along the costal margin. Legs long and slender; hind first tarsal joint slightly longer than third, second lobed, with posterior margin deeply emarginate. Prosternum longer than wide, gently narrowed apically; mesosternum transverse with posterior margin entire and metasternum beyond hind coxae projecting as narrow lobe with posterior margin faintly emarginate. Penultimate sternite rounded posteriorly but with a deep cleft in middle, a small median ridge present apically. Distribution: India. Single species.

389

Identification key to the genera 1 1' 2 2' 3 3' 4 4' 5 5' 6 6' 7 7' 8 8'

Body more or less depressed or comparatively flattened; male penultimate sternite with or without median excision 2 Body subcylindrical or cylindrical 3 Posterior margin of male penultimate sternite with a deep excision in middle (Fig. 620), and a small median ridge present apically Genus 41: Neopterygida, p. 389 Posterior margin of male penultimate sternite without median excision Genus 42: Pterygida, p. 391 Tegmina rudimentary or abbreviated; wings absent 4 Tegmina short or normally developed; wings absent or present 7 Tegmina rudimentary, and associated with a shorter section medially 5 Tegmina abbreviated, and associated with a longer section medially; posterior margins of tegmina obliquely truncate 6 Pygidium of male strongly transverse, smaller or larger, but not funneliform Genus 43: Chelidura, p. 409 Pygidium of male characteristic, funneliform Genus 44: Eumegalura, p. 433 Male forceps simply arcuate; pygidium of male prominent . . . . Genus 45: Perirrhytus, p. 434 Male forceps not simply arcuate, and pygidium of male not prominent Genus 46: Pseudochettdura, p. 438 Tegmina short, not covering metanotum, posterior margins transverse, bow-shaped, excised; male ultimate tergite with paired, strongly depressed lateral lobes Genus 47: Mesasiobia, p. 444 Tegmina normally developed, wings absent, concealed or perfect; male ultimate tergite with or without paired, dorsal, spine-like tubercles, but without strongly depressed lateral lobes posteriorly 8 Male ultimate tergite with paired, spine-like tubercles posteriorly or branches armed with produced lamellate dilatation on the inner margins basally Genus 48: Oreasiobia, p. 446 Male ultimate tergite without conspicuous spine-like tubercles posteriorly, and branches normally depressed or cylindrical basally Genus 49: Anechura, p. 454

Genus

41:

Neopterygida

SRIVASTAVA

1984 Neopterygida SRIVASTAVA, Bull. zool. Surv. India, 5 (2-3): 159. - Species typica: Forfícula circuíala

DOHRN, 1865.

Description: Head depressed, postfrontal and coronal sutures marked by faint depression. Antennae with basal joints narrowed basally. Pronotum about as long as wide. Tegmina and wings well developed, former smooth and ecarinate along the costal margin. Legs long and slender; hind first tarsal joint slightly longer than third, second lobed, with posterior margin deeply emarginate. Prosternum longer than wide, gently narrowed apically; mesosternum transverse with posterior margin entire and metasternum beyond hind coxae projecting as narrow lobe with posterior margin faintly emarginate. Penultimate sternite rounded posteriorly but with a deep cleft in middle, a small median ridge present apically. Distribution: India. Single species.

390 1. Neopterygida circulata (DOHRN) 1865 Forficula circulata DOHRN, Stettiner ent. Ztg, 26: 95. - Terra typica: India (Type male: Naturhist. Mus., Wien). 1900 Aperygida circulata - BORMANS & KRAUSS, Das Tierreich, Berlin, 11:116; fig. 42 (male in dorsal view). 1910 Pterygida circulata - BURR, Fauna brit. India Dermaptera: 158; fig. 96 (male in dorsal view). 1984 Neopterygida circulata — SRIVASTAVA, Bull. zool. Surv. India, 5(2-3): 160; fig. 1 (male in dorsal view), 2 (penultimate sternite). L i t e r a t u r e : BURR, 1 9 1 1 , SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 .

1 9 1 2 ; KIRBY,

1 9 0 4 ; POPHAM &

BRINDLE,

1 9 6 8 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 ,

1982;

Description: Male head, pronotum and abdomen up to middle, black; basal antennal joint, posterior half of abdomen and forceps reddish-brown; legs with femora black; tibiae and tarsi somewhat reddish; ultimate tergite with four faint blackish longitudinal stripes; tegmina yellowish-brown, wings yellow in apical half and black in remaining half. Head smooth, triangular, slightly longer than wide, moderately depressed, postfrontal and coronal sutures marked by faint depression. Eyes very small, essentionally shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint about as long as distance between antennal bases. Pronotum quadrate, sides gently convex, posterior margin broadly rounded; median longitudinal furrow distinct. Tegmina and wings well developed, impunctate; posterior margins of tegmina truncate. Second tarsal joint lobed, with posterior margin deeply emarginate. Abdomen strongly depressed, enlarged in middle, contracted anteriorly as well as posteriorly, punctation rather obscure; lateral glandular folds on tergite 3 small, those on tergite 4 larger. Ultimate tergite transverse, smooth, depressed. Penultimate sternite characteri-

Fig. 620 Penultimate sternite of Neopterygida circulata (DOHRN).

Fig. 621 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Neopterygida circulata (DOHRN).

A f t e r SRIVASTAVA.

A f t e r SRIVASTAVA.

391 stic, broadly rounded posteriorly with a deep emargination in middle (Fig. 620). Pygidium subvertical, transverse, with two triangular lobes laterally. Forceps (Fig. 621) remote at base, regularly curved, tapering apically, branches compressed. Genitalia unknown. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 2 0 mm. Distribution: India. Genus

42:

Pterygida

VERHOEFF

1902 Pterygida VERHOEFF, Zool. Anz., Leipzig, 25 (665): 197. - Species typica: Forficula jagori DOHRN, 1 8 6 5 .

1907 Kosmetor BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. London, 1907:122. - Species typica: Opisthocosmia annandalei BURR, 1904 (for subfamily Eparchinae). 1929 Kosmetor - HEBARD, Trans. Am. ent. Soc., 55: 342 (proposed synonymy with Timomenus BURR, 1907).

1928 Paradohrnia SHIRAKI, Insecta matsum., 3 (1): 21. - Species typica: Paradohrnia

ornaticapitata

SHIRAKI, 1 9 2 8 .

1984 Kosmetor - SRIVASTAVA, Bull. zool. Surv. India, 5 (2-3): 162 (proposed synonymy with Pterygida VERHOEFF, 1902). 1989 Paradohrnia - STEINMANN, World Catalogue of Dermaptera, Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, p. 776 (proposed synonymy with Pterygida VERHOEFF, 1902). Literature: BURR, 1 9 1 0 , 1 9 1 1 , 1 9 1 4 ; KIRBY, 1 9 0 4 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 ; RAMAMURTHI, 1 9 6 8 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 ; TOWNES, 1 9 4 5 .

Description: Body more or less depressed, and broad. Head depressed, truncate posteriorly. Pronotum slightly longer than wide, anterior margin truncate, posterior margin generally rounded. Tegmina ample, costal margin not keeled; wings well or fully developed. Abdomen strongly flattened and dilated about the middle, oval and narrowed towards the apex. Pygidium transverse. Male forceps with the branches slender, elongate and arcuate. Distribution: Oriental region and New Guinea. 15 species (and 4 species in doubtful position).

Identification key to the species 2 1 Pronotum transverse 1' Pronotum about as long as wide, or longer than wide 7 2 Male forceps very long, generally somewhat asymmetrical, inner margins with numerous small tubercles (Fig. 622) 1. Pterygida longiforceps, p. 392 2' Male forceps various in shape, but not very long, inner margins with or without teeth, but without numerous small tubercles 3 3 Male pygidium large, broad, sometimes strongly transverse 4 3' Male pygidium smaller 6 4 Posterior margin of male pygidium with smaller or larger tubercle medially (Fig. 624) 2. Pterygida intermedia, p. 393 4' Posterior margin of male pygidium concave 5 5 Male forceps comparatively narrow and elongate; posterior margin of male pygidium strongly concave, lateral angles rounded (Fig. 627) 3. Pterygida ferraría, p. 395 5' Male forceps comparatively broad and short; posterior margin of male pygidium less concave, lateral angles sharp (Fig. 628) 4. Pterygida harpya, p. 396

391 stic, broadly rounded posteriorly with a deep emargination in middle (Fig. 620). Pygidium subvertical, transverse, with two triangular lobes laterally. Forceps (Fig. 621) remote at base, regularly curved, tapering apically, branches compressed. Genitalia unknown. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 2 0 mm. Distribution: India. Genus

42:

Pterygida

VERHOEFF

1902 Pterygida VERHOEFF, Zool. Anz., Leipzig, 25 (665): 197. - Species typica: Forficula jagori DOHRN, 1 8 6 5 .

1907 Kosmetor BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. London, 1907:122. - Species typica: Opisthocosmia annandalei BURR, 1904 (for subfamily Eparchinae). 1929 Kosmetor - HEBARD, Trans. Am. ent. Soc., 55: 342 (proposed synonymy with Timomenus BURR, 1907).

1928 Paradohrnia SHIRAKI, Insecta matsum., 3 (1): 21. - Species typica: Paradohrnia

ornaticapitata

SHIRAKI, 1 9 2 8 .

1984 Kosmetor - SRIVASTAVA, Bull. zool. Surv. India, 5 (2-3): 162 (proposed synonymy with Pterygida VERHOEFF, 1902). 1989 Paradohrnia - STEINMANN, World Catalogue of Dermaptera, Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, p. 776 (proposed synonymy with Pterygida VERHOEFF, 1902). Literature: BURR, 1 9 1 0 , 1 9 1 1 , 1 9 1 4 ; KIRBY, 1 9 0 4 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 ; RAMAMURTHI, 1 9 6 8 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 ; TOWNES, 1 9 4 5 .

Description: Body more or less depressed, and broad. Head depressed, truncate posteriorly. Pronotum slightly longer than wide, anterior margin truncate, posterior margin generally rounded. Tegmina ample, costal margin not keeled; wings well or fully developed. Abdomen strongly flattened and dilated about the middle, oval and narrowed towards the apex. Pygidium transverse. Male forceps with the branches slender, elongate and arcuate. Distribution: Oriental region and New Guinea. 15 species (and 4 species in doubtful position).

Identification key to the species 2 1 Pronotum transverse 1' Pronotum about as long as wide, or longer than wide 7 2 Male forceps very long, generally somewhat asymmetrical, inner margins with numerous small tubercles (Fig. 622) 1. Pterygida longiforceps, p. 392 2' Male forceps various in shape, but not very long, inner margins with or without teeth, but without numerous small tubercles 3 3 Male pygidium large, broad, sometimes strongly transverse 4 3' Male pygidium smaller 6 4 Posterior margin of male pygidium with smaller or larger tubercle medially (Fig. 624) 2. Pterygida intermedia, p. 393 4' Posterior margin of male pygidium concave 5 5 Male forceps comparatively narrow and elongate; posterior margin of male pygidium strongly concave, lateral angles rounded (Fig. 627) 3. Pterygida ferraría, p. 395 5' Male forceps comparatively broad and short; posterior margin of male pygidium less concave, lateral angles sharp (Fig. 628) 4. Pterygida harpya, p. 396

392 6

Inner margin of male forceps ornamented with a small tooth, the inner tooth in medio-basal position (Fig. 630) 5. Pterygida visknu, p. 397 6' Inner margin of male forceps ornamented with a large tooth, the inner tooth in medium position (Fig. 632) 6. Pterygida gracilis, p. 398 7 Pronotum about as long as wide 8 T Pronotum longer than wide 13 8 Male pygidium very large, conspicuous, broad, expanded posteriorly (Fig. 633), last margin specific, more or less truncate with a paired serration, and a small, but prominent, tubercle medially 7. Pterygida eurypyga, p. 399 8' Male pygidium small or hidden 9 9 Male forceps of Forficula-type, strongly flattened basally (Fig. 634) 8. Pterygida ornaticapitata, p. 400 9' Male forceps not of Forficula-type, trigonal or cylindrical in cross-section basally 10 10 Male forceps strongly trigonal in cross-section basally and medially, dorsal edge with a large median tooth, which is directed inwards (Fig. 635) 9. Pterygida cornuta, p. 401 10' Male forceps more or less cylindrical or subcylindrical in cross-section basally and medially 11 11 Inner margin of male forceps with two smaller or larger teeth (Fig. 638) 10. Pterygida temora, p. 402 11' Inner margin of male forceps with one smaller or larger tooth medially, or branches unarmed 12 12 Inner margin of male forceps with a smaller or larger tooth medially 11. Pterygida annandalei, p. 403 12' Inner margin of male forceps without median tooth, but branches with numerous, small tubercles basally (Fig.639) 12.Pterygida jagori, p.404 13 Dorsal surface of male forceps with a flattened and sharp edge (Fig. 642) ih. Pterygida tagalensis, p. 405 13' Dorsal surface of male forceps without a flattened and sharp edge 14 14 Branches of male forceps characteristic, strongly curved basally, and straight medially; inner margins ornamented with a smaller but prominent tooth, the tooth in basal position (Fig. 643) 14. Pterygida burgursi, p. 406 14' Branches of male forceps normally developed, very long; inner margins ornamented with a smaller but prominent tooth, which is in median position (Fig. 645) 15. Pterygida bosei, p. 407 1.

Pterygida longiforceps

(SRIVASTAVA)

1979 Paradohrnia longiforceps SRIVASTAVA, Ceylon J. Sci. (Biol. Sci.), 1 3 (1-2): 25; fig. 2A (male ultimate tergite with forceps), 2B (male penultimate sternite), 2C (genitalia of holotype). - Terra typica: India (Type male: Nation. Coll. zool. Survey India, Calcutta). 1989 Pterygida longiforceps - STEINMANN, World Catalogue of Dermaptera, Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, p. 780. Literature: SAKAI, 1982.

Description: Male general colour dull brownish-black, head and pronotum darker, abdomen with greenish sheen. Head about as long as wide, smooth, frons gently raised, postfrontal and coronal sutures faint, posterior margin slightly emarginate in middle. Eyes small, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint long and cylindrical; third and fourth subequal. Pronotum pentagonal, slightly wider than long, lateral margins straight, diverging posteriorly, posterior angles and margin rounded; median longitudinal furrow faint, prozona tumid and smooth, two faint rounded depressions in middle, metazona weakly tumid and rugosely striate. Tegmina slightly more than double the length of pronotum, strongly punctate, posterior margins straight. Wings well developed, deeply punctate. Abdomen long and depressed, gradually enlarging

393 posteriorly, sides convex; lateral glandular folds on tergite 3 weak, those on tergite 4 large. Ultimate tergitee transverse, strongly sloping posteriorly, with smooth and punctate stripes alternating, tumid above the roots of forceps and depressed in the middle. Pygidium comparatively small, subvertical, bi-lobed posteriorly. Forceps (Fig. 622) characteristic, very long, and slender, tapering apically, crossing at apical one-third and curved; tip pointed and strongly hooked; inner margins with numerous small tubercles. Genitalia (Fig. 623) simple; central parameral plate narrow and small, virga within genital lobe comparatively short, simple, unsclerotized; external parameres small, normally developed. - Female similar to male, but general colour light brown, shaded with black in parts; abdomen with brownish metallic sheen and forceps simple, straight, with inner margins crenulate basally. - Length of body with forceps, male: 30 mm, female: 17-18 mm. Distribution: India.

Fig. 622 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Pterygida longiforceps (SRI VAST A VA). After SRIVASTAVA.

2. 1918

Pterygida intermedia

Fig. 623 Holotype genital armature of Pterygtida longiforceps (SRIVASTAVA). After SRIVASTAVA.

(BORELLI)

comb. nov.

Kosmetor intermedius BORELLI, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. R . Univ. Torino, Terra typica: Philippines (Type male: Mus. Ist. Zool. sist. Univ., Torino).

3 3 (726): 4.

-

394 1976 Kosmetor intermedius - SRIVASTAVA, Pacific Insects, 17 (1): 128; fig. 63 (pronotum), 6 4 - 6 7 (male ultimate tergite with forceps), 68 (male genitalia) (Luzon). 1983 Kosmetor intermedius - SRIVASTAVA, Boll. Mus. Reg. Sci. nat. Torino, 1 (2): 240; fig. 28 (anterior portion of body), 29 (male ultimate tergite with forceps), 30 (hind tarsus). L i t e r a t u r e : BRINDLE, 1 9 7 1 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 .

Description: Male general colour ranges from testaceous brown to black; wings and legs normally yellow, sometimes darker. Head brown, frons tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures present, posterior margin emarginate in the middle. Eyes normally developed, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint typical, about as long as distance between antennal bases. Pronotum transverse, lateral margins straight, and diverging posteriorly, posterior angles and margin broadly rounded; median longitudinal furrow present. Tegmina and wings normally developed. Abdomen depressed, lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct. Ultimate tergite and forceps vary greatly, and can be placed under the following categories (after SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 : 128):" 1. Ultimate tergite slightly narrowed posteriorly, tumid elevations above the roots of forceps almost obsolete, hind margin gently reflexed and emarginate in middle. Forceps compressed, gradually curving from base to apex, internal margin, ventrally, provided with minute tubercles. - 2. Ultimate tergite not narrowed posteriorly, distinctly tumid above the bases of forceps and the area in between depressed, provided with fine striations, posterior margin in middle almost straight. Forceps almost straight in basal 2/3, afterwards gently arcuate with apices pointed and crossing, remote at base, trigonal above with ridge

Fig. 624 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Pterygida intermedia

Fig. 625 Male genital armature of Pterygida intermedia (BORELLI). After

Fig. 626 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Pterygida intermedia

(BORELLI). A f t e r SRIVASTAVA.

SRIVASTAVA.

(BORELLI). O r i g i n a l .

395 extending in basal 1/3 only, afterwards depressed, internally in basal 1/2 provided with minute teeth ventrally and at about middle a large, triangular tooth. - 3. Ultimate tergite not narrow, posteriorly, tumid elevations corresponding to bases of forceps prominent, postero-lateral angles projectin with an oblique ridge, posterior margin straight in middle. Forceps (Fig. 624) representing an intermediate stage between the former 2 forms, armed internally at middle with a sharp tooth, basal 1/2 ventrally provided with several minute teeth." Genitalia (Fig. 625) specific; central parameral plate simple, narrowed basally, somewhat widened apically, virga within genital lobe short, S-shaped; external parameres well developed, with obtuse apices. - Female similar to male, but forceps (Fig. 626) simple, straight, elongate. - Length of body with forceps, male: 9 - 1 5 mm, female: 9 - 1 1 mm. Distribution: Philippine Islands: Luzon. 3.Pterygida ferraria

(BURR)

1911 Kosmetor ferrarius BURR, Stettiner ent. Ztg., 72: 342. - Terra typica: Java (Type male: Brit. Mus. nat. Hist., London). 1911 Kosmetor ferrarius - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 83; pi. 7, fig. 16 (male in dorsal view). 1989 Pterygida ferraria - STEINMANN, World Catalogue of Dermaptera, Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, p. 779.

Literature:

POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 .

Description: Male head, anterior part of pronotum, black; tegmina, wings abdominal tergites and forceps brownish-yellow; tarsi yellow; antennae brownish, except joint 10, yellow. Head broad, tumid; postfrontal and coronal sutures present, posterior margin concave. Eyes small, shorter than the length of head

Fig. 627 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Pterygida ferraria (BURR). After BURR.

396 behind eyes. Antennae 12-jointed; first joint about as long as distance between antennal bases. Pronotum transverse, lateral margins straight, and somewhat widened posteriorly, posterior margin convex; median longitudinal furrow distinct. Tegmina and wings well developed. Abdomen depressed, lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct. Ultimate tergite transverse, smooth, depressed medially. Pygidium comparatively large, posterior margin deeply convex, lateral angles broadly rounded. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 627) simple, arcuate, somewhat depressed basally, cylindrical in cross-section medially and apically; inner margins unarmed, without teeth. - Female unknown. Length of body with forceps: 17 mm. Distribution: Indonesia: Java. 4.

Pterygida harpya

STEINMANN

1979 Paradohrnia punctata SRIVASTAVA, Ceylon J. Sci. (Biol. Sci.), 13 ( 1 - 2 ) : 23; fig. 1A (male ultimate tergite with forceps), IB (penultimate sternite), 1C (genitalia of holotype). - Terra typica: India (Type male: Nation. Coll. zool. Survey India, Calcutta). 1989 Pterygida harpya STEINMANN, World Catalogue of Dermaptera, Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, p. 779 (new name for Paradohrnia punctata SRIVASTAVA, 1979, a junior secondary homonymy of Kosmetor punctata SRIVASTAVA, 1976). Literature: SAKAI, 1982.

Description: Male general colour dull brownish-black; legs with femora reddish-brown, tibiae and tarsi black; head, antennae, pronotum, abdomen and forceps dull black. Abdominal tergites with greenish purple sheen; tegmina and wings dull brown, inner tips of wings blackish. Head about as long as wide,

Fig. 628 Holotype ultimate tergite with forceps of Pterygida harpya STEINMANN. After

Fig. 629 Holotype genilal armature of Pterygida harpya STEINMANN. After

SRIVASTAVA.

SRIVASTAVA.

397 smooth, frons convex, postfrontal and coronal sutures fine, posterior margin feebly emarginate in middle. Eyes prominent, but small, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint long and cylindrical, second transverse, third and fourth subequal. Pronotum transverse, gently widened posteriorly, anterior and lateral margins straight, posterior angles and margin broadly rounded; median longitudinal furrow faint, prozona weakly raised and metazona comparatively less so. Tegmina well developed, rugosely punctate, posterior margin straight. Wings normally developed, smooth. Abdomen elongate, gradually enlarging posteriorly, strongly punctate and provided with numerous tubercles, sides of tergites convex, lateral glandular folds on tergite 3 weak, and on tergite 4 large. Ultimate tergite transverse, stripes of smooth and punctate areas alternating, sloping posteriorly, low tumid elevation above the bases of forceps. Pygidium transverse, subertical, very slightly narrowed posteriorly with angles produced into minute points, margin concave. Forceps (Fig. 628) smooth, remote at base, tapering apically, regularly curved, with apices pointed, apices meeting, inner margins with numerous minute teeth or tubercles in basal two-thirds only. Genitalia (Fig. 629) specific; central parameral plate comparatively small, short and narrow, virga within genital lobe well developed, strongly sclerotized basally, external parameres moderately short. - Female unknown. Length of body with forceps: 1 9 - 2 0 mm. Distribution: India. 5.

Pterygida vishnu

(BURR)

1904 Apterygida vishnu BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. London, 1904: 3 1 8 . - T e r r a typica: India (Type male: Mus. nation. Hist, nat., Paris). 1907 Kosmetor vishnu - BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. London, 1907: 123. 1910 Kosmetor vishnu - BURR, F a u n a brit. India Dermaptera: 202; fig. 74 (male in dorsal view) (Sikkim). 1989 Pterygida vishnu - STEINMANN, World Catalogue of Dermaptera, Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, p. 7 8 2 . L i t e r a t u r e : BORELLI, 1 9 3 2 ; BURR, 1 9 1 1 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 2 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1976.

Description: Male head, pronotum brown or blackish, tegmina yellowish, wings orange, with a big fuscous spot; abdomen deep chestnut. Head rounded, a little wider than pronotum, smooth, postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct, posterior margin convex. Eyes small, essentially shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae 10-jointed (after B U R R ) ; first joint comparatively small, shorter than distance between antennal bases; second transverse, fourth somewhat shorter than third. Pronotum slightly wider than long, lateral margins more or less parallel, posterior angles and margin rounded; median longitudinal furrow distinct. Tegmina ample, smooth, well developed. Wings normally developed. Legs rather longer than in the other species of the genus, slender. Abdomen spine-shaped, gently tapering to the apex, lateral glandular folds on

398 tergites 3 - 4 distinct. Ultimate tergite rectangular, transverse, with a pair of low tumid elevations over the roots of the forceps. Pygidium very small. Forceps (Fig. 630) with branches remote at the base, elongate, cylindrical and very slender, gently arched to form an elongate ellipse, with a very distinct tooth in the middle. Genitalia (Fig. 631) narrow; central parameral plate elongate, virga within genital lobe very long, external parameres normally developed with apices rounded. - Female similar to male, but forceps contiguous, straight, elongate, hooked at the apices. - Length of body with forceps, male: 13-18 mm, female: 14-15 mm. Distribution: India, and Malaysia.

Fig. 630 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Pterygida vishnu ( B U R R ) . After SRIVASTAVA.

6.

Fig. 631 Male genital armature of Pterygida vishnu ( B U R R ) . After SRIVASTAVA.

Pterygida gracilis

(BRINDLE)

1975 Kosmetor gracilis, BRINDLE, Ent. Basil., 1: 53; fig. 62 (male forceps). - Terra typica: Bhutan (Type male: Naturhist. Mus., Basel). 1989 Pterygida gracilis - STEINMANN, World Catalogue of Dermaptera, Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, p. 779. L i t e r a t u r e : SAKAI, 1 9 8 2 .

Description: Male dark reddish-brown, tegmina and wings slightly paler; lateral margins of the pronotum whitish-yellow; wings with a large basal yellow spot on outer margin. Cuticle shiny, head, pronotum, tegmina and wings impunctate, abdominal tergites punctured, the punctures small but tending to form transverse striation on at least the basal parts of the tergites. Head transverse, tumid but depressed along the postfrontal sutures; two shallow

399 triangular depressions occur between the antennal bases. Eyes small, essentially shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint short, shorter than distance between antennal bases; second quadrate, third nearly twice as long as wide. Pronotum transverse, lateral margins slightly convex, posterior margin rounded; median longitudinal furrow distinct. Tegmina and wings fully developed. Abdomen slender, almost parallel-sided, slightly narrowed posteriorly; lateral glandular folds on third tergite almost absent, those on fourth small. Ultimate tergite transverse, rugosely punctured but with two longitudinal irregular smooth bands medially. Pygidium very small, triangular. Forceps (Fig. 632) straight except at apex, slightly widened basally, cylindrical in cross-section apically; inner margins with a large thorn-like tooth just before midpoint. Genitalia unknown. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: no reference in BRINDLE'S original description. Distribution: Bhutan.

7.Pterygida eurypyga

(BEY-BIENKO)

comb. nov.

1959 Kosmetor eurypyga BEY-BIENKO, Ent. Obozr., Moscow, 38: 621; fig. 38 (male ultimate tergite with forceps). - Terra typica: China: Yunnan (Type male: unknown locality). L i t e r a t u r e : SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 .

Description: Male general colour light brownish; median part of pronotum brown; abdominal tergites reddish-brown, forceps dark red. Head rounded, large, frons tumid; postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct, posterior margin concave in the middle. Eyes typical, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint about as long as distance between antennal bases, second quadrate, the rest elongate, typical. Pronotum about as long as wide; lateral

400 margins straight, faintly diverging posteriorly, posterior margin convex. Tegmina and wings normally developed. Legs long and selnder. Abdomen depressed, punctulate; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct. Ultimate tergite transverse, posterior margin trisinuate. Pygidium characteristic, very large, lateral margins convex, widened posteriorly, posterior margin crenulate, with a smaller tubercle medially. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 633) arcuate, more or less oval in cross-section basally, cylindrical medially and apically; inner margins with a prominent, sharp tooth medially. Genitalia unknown. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 20-21 mm. Distribution: China: Yunnan.

Fig. 633 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Pterygida eurypyga (BEY-BIENKO). After BEY-BIENKO.

8.

Pterygida ornaticapitata

(SHIRAKI)

1928 Paradohrnia ornaticapitata SHIRAKI, Insecta matsum., 3 (1): 21; fig. 7a (pronotum, and tegmina), 7b (male ultimate tergite with forceps). - Terra typica: Formosa (Type male: OKUNI'S Collection). 1989 Pterygida ornaticapitata - STEINMANN, World Catalogue of Dermaptera, Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, p. 781. Literature: BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 .

Description: Male occiput reddish-yellow, frons with metallic greenish sheen; scape reddish, the rest of antennal joints brown; prozona of pronotum lighter, and metazona darker brown; tegmina similar to frons in colour, wings yellowish; abdominal tergites and forceps reddish-brown. Head broad, tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct, posterior margin concave in the middle. Eyes small, essentially shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae typical. Pronotum quadrate, lateral margins convex, narrowed posteriorly, posterior angles and margin broadly rounded; median longitudinal furrow distinct.

401 Tegmina comparatively short, wings normally developed. Abdomen slender, depressed, lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 present. Ultimate tergite transverse, smooth, posterior margin trisinuate. Pygidium small, rouded in superior view. Branches of forceps (Fig. 634) asymmetrical (after SHIRAKI), basal parts of branches flattened, of Forficula-type, and more or less cylindrical medially and apically. Genitalia unknown. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 14 mm. Distribution: Taiwan.

Fig. 634 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Pterygida ornaticapitata (SHIRAKI). After SHIRAKI.

9. Pterygida cornuta (RAMAMURTHI) comb. nov. Kosmetor cornutus R A M A M U R T H I , Zool. Anz., Leipzig, 1 8 1 : 1 3 5 ; fig. 8 (male forceps), 9 (female forceps), 1 0 (genitalia of holotype). - Terra typica: India (Type male: RAMAMURTHI'S Collection). Literature: SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 . 1968

Description: Male general colour reddish to dark brown, legs paler, with longitudinal fuscous bands. Head tumid, smooth, postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct; posterior margin concave in the middle. Eyes typical, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae 12-jointed; first joint sharply narrowed at base, second short and cylindrical, third and fourth subequal. Pronotum quadrate, lateral margins straight, posterior angles and margin rounded; prozona tumid, distinctly separated from the depressed metazona. Tegmina long, wings with a large fulvous band at middle. Abdomen depressed, parallel-sided, lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 well developed; surface of tergites weakly rugose. Ultimate tergite transverse, contracted posteriorly, with five finely punctured bands alternating with smooth and shiny areas. Pygidium hidden. Forceps (Fig. 635) comparatively short, the branches diverging behind,

402 apical third tapering and arcuate. Branches with sharp dorsal edges; ventral edge strongly serrated basally, dorsal edge with a large tooth near midpoint. Genitalia (Fig. 636) simple; central parameral plate moderately short and broad, virga within genital lobe long and with a specific, sclerotized sac basally; external parameres comparatively large, obtuse apically. - Female similar to male, forceps (Fig. 637) tapering, simple, not trigonal in cross-section. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 13.5-14.5 mm. Distribution: India.

Fig. 635 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Pterygida cornuta

Fig. 636 Holotype genital armature of Pterygida

(RAMAMURTHI). After

After

cornuta

(RAMAMURTHI).

Fig. 637 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Pterygida cornuta

RAMAMURTHI.

After

RAMAMURTHI.

10. Pterygida temora

(RAMAMURTHI). RAMAMURTHI.

(BURR)

1904 Opisthocosmia temora BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. London, 1904: 312. - Terra typica: India (Type male: Mus. nation. Hist, nat., Paris). 1907 Kosmetor temora-BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. London, 1907: 213; pi. 3, fig. 10 (male ultimate tergite with forceps). 1910 Kosmetor temora - BURR, Fauna brit. India Dermaptera: 201; fig. 73 (male in dorsal view) (Sikkim). 1954 Kosmetor temora - BOESEMAN, Zool. Verh., Leiden, 21: 107; fig. 25a (male ultimate tergite with forceps), 25b (ditto, female) (Sumatra). 1989 Pterygida temora- STEINMANN, World Catalogue of Dermaptera, Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, p. 7 8 2 . Literature: BURR, 1 9 1 1 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 ; RAMAMURTHI, 1 9 6 8 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 .

Description: Male general colour blackish-brown; tegmina yellowish-brown, wings dull yellow, shaded with brown; abdomen black. Head broad, frons tumid; postfrontal and coronal sutures distinct; posterior margin concave in the middle.

403 Eyes typical, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint comparatively long, about as long as distance between antennal bases, or sometimes longer. Pronotum about as long as wide; slightly narrower than head, gently rounded posteriorly, the anterior margin and sides quite straight; median longitudinal furrow distinct. Tegmina and wings well or fully developed. Abdomen depressed, smooth, very slightly dilated about the seventh segment. Ultimate tergite transverse, sloping downwards to the posterior margin which is simple, somewhat incrassate, truncate in the middle and obliquely truncate at the angles; depressed in the middle, but tumid over the roots of the forceps. Pygidium hidden. Forceps (Fig. 638) with branches gently bowed in the basal third, then nearly straight to the points, which are hooked; two pairs of sharp, upwardpointing teeth on the inner margins divide the length of the forceps into three equal parts. - Female very similar to male, but branches of forceps simple, tapering, contiguous. - Lenght of body with forceps, male: 15-17 mm, female: 13.5-16mm. Distribution: India, and Indonesia: Sumatra.

Fig. 638 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Pterygida temora (BURR). After BURR.

11. Pterygida annandalei (BURR) 1904 Opisthocosmia annandalei BURR, Trans ent. Soc. London, 1904: 311.- Terra typica: Siam (Type male: Brit. Mus. nat. Hist., London). 1907 Kosmetor annandalei - BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. London, 1907: 123. 1984 Pterygida annandalei - SRIVASTAVA, Bull. zool. Surv. India, 5 (2-3): 162. Literature: BORELLI, 1932; BURR, 1911; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1968; SAKAI, 1 9 7 2 , 1982; SRIVASTAVA, 1976.

Description: Male head clear reddish-brown, pronotum and tegmina dull brown, wings clear yellow, with the inner margin bordered with black, and a

404 black spot at the apex; abdominal tergites blackish-brown, forceps black. Head broad, frons tumid; postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct; posterior margin emarginate in the middle. Eyes small, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae 11-jointed (after BURR), dark brown, except the 9th, which is white; first antennal joint about as long as distance between antennal bases. Tegmina considerably wider than the pronotum at the shoulders, smooth, short, the posterior margins sinuate. Wings normally developed. Abdomen finely punctulated, lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 very distinct. Ultimate tergite slightly narrower than the preceding ones, square, the posterior margin straight in the middle. Pygidium small, obtuse, bifid at the extremity. Forceps with the branches slender, remote at the base, cylindrical, nearly straight, subsinuate, the apices strongly incurved and strongly crossing; just before the middle of each branch there is a strong sharp tooth, pointing upwards and backwards. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 20-21 mm. Distribution: India, Thailand, Malaysia.

12. Pterygida jagori (DOHRN) 1865 Forficula jagori DOHRN, Stettiner ent. Ztg, 26: 94 - Terra typica: Luzon (Type male: Mus. Naturk., Berlin). 1900 Aperygida jagori - BORMANS & KRAUSS, Das Tierreich, Berlin, 11: 116. 1902 Pterygida jagori - VERHOEFF, Zool. Anz., Leipzig, 25 (665): 197. 1911 Pterygidajagori-BvKR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 72; pi. 6, fig. 16a (pronotum), 16b (tegmen). 1976 Kosmetor punctata SRIVASTAVA, Pacific Insects, 17 (1): 129; fig. 69 (male in dorsal view), 70 (genitalia of holotype), 71 (female forceps). - Terra typica: Luzon (Type male: Bishop Mus., Honolulu). 1984 Pterygida jagori - SRIVASTAVA, Bull. zool. Surv. India, 5 (2-3): 163; fig. 3 (anterior portion of body), 4 (a few basal antennal joints), 5 (thoracal sterna), 6 (hind tarsus), 7 (hind tarsus in profile), 8 (male ultimate tergite with forceps), 9 (pygidium), 10 (male genitalia). 1984 Kosmetor punctata - SRIVASTAVA, Bull. zool. Surv. India, 5 (2-3): 163 [proposed synonymy with jagori

(DOHRN, 1865)].

Literature: BORELLI, 1 9 1 8 ; KIRBY, 1 9 0 4 ; POPHAM, 1 9 6 5 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 .

Description: Male head and pronotum black, antennae with a few basal joints yellowish and the remaining ones brownish-black, legs with fore-femora black but yellow near base only, middle femora yellow, black in apical half, hind femora yellow, with a broad black band extending from middle to somewhat before knee joint; tegmina and wings black, the former with a broad yellow humeral spot and the latter with a yellow spot basally. Head broad, depressed, smooth, postfrontal and coronal sutures obsolete; posterior margin concave in the middle. Eyes small, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae typical. Pronotum more or less quadrate; lateral margins narrowed posteriorly, posterior margin convex; median longitudinal furrow faintly marked. Tegmina and wings normally developed. Abdomen depressed, shallowly and sparsely punctulate, gradually enlarging posteriorly, lateral glandular folds on third

405 tergite weakly and on fourth strongly developed. Ultimate tergite transverse, smooth, simple; posterior margin trisinuate. Pygidium transverse, subvertical, postero-lateral angles produced into triangular points. Forceps (Fig. 639) remote at base, long, tapering and gradually curving apically, inner margins with numerous teeth and near base with a smaller or larger triangular tooth dorsally. Genitalia (Fig. 640) simple; central parameral plate strongly narrowed basally, widened apically, virga within genital lobe comparatively short, external parameres normally developed, with apices obtuse. - Female similar to male, but forceps (Fig. 641) straight, generally depressed basally and medially, cylindrical apically. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 14-16 mm. Distribution: Philippine Islands: Luzon.

Fig. 639 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Pterygida jagori (DOHRN). After SRIVASTAVA.

Fig. 640 Male genital armature of Pterygida jagori (DOHRN). After SRIV ASTAVA.

13. Pterygida tagalensis

Fig. 641 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Pterygida jagori (DOHRN). After SRIVASTAVA.

(BORELLI)

Kosmetor tagalensis BORELLI, BOLL. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. R . Univ., Torino, 3 0 ( 6 9 7 ) : 6. Terra typica: Manila (Type male: unknown locality). 1954 Kosmetor tagalensis - BOESEMAN, Zool. Verh., Leiden, 21: 107; fig. 25c (male ultimate tergite with forceps), 15d (ditto, female) (Java). 1983 Kosmetor tagalensis - SRIVASTAVA, Boll. Mus. Reg. Sci. nat. Torino, 1 (2): 238; fig. 26 (head, and thorax), 27 (male ultimate tergite with forceps). 1989 Pterygida tagalensis - STEINMANN, World Catalogue of Dermaptera, Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, p. 782. 1915

Literature: RAMAMURTHI, 1 9 6 7 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 .

406 Description: Male general colour clear yellow to brown. Head large, depressed, frons a little tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures well marked; posterior margin more or less straight. Eyes comparatively large, but shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint somewhat shorter than distance between antennal bases. Pronotum somewhat longer than wide, about as wide as head; lateral margins strongly convex, posterior angles and margin broadly rounded; median longitudinal furrow well marked. Tegmina and wings fully developed, elongate. Abdomen fusiform, depressed, lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct. Ultimate tergite transverse, Pygidium scarcely visible from above, transverse, rounded posteriorly. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 642) very long, with sharp dorsal edge, inner ventral edge serrated basally, the dorsal edge lamellate medially. Genitalia unknown. Female unknown to me. - Length of body with forceps: 17 mm. Distribution: Philippine Islands, and Indonesia: Java.

Fig. 642 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Pterygida tagelensis (BORELLI). After SRIVASTAVA.

14. Pterygida burgursi (BURR) comb. nov. 1916 Kosmetor burgursi BURR, J1R. microsc. Soc., 1916: 16; pi. 4, fig. 7 (genitalia of holotype). Terra typica: New Guinea (Type male: brit. Mus. nat. Hist., London). 1929 Kosmetor biirgersi - GUNTHER, Mitt. zool. Mus. Berl., 15 (1): 79; fig. 6 (male in dorsal view). Literature: SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 .

Description: Male long and slender; shiny black, tegmina and wings dull, and tarsi whitish. Head comparatively small, depressed, frons somewhat tumid; postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct; posterior margin concave in the

407 middle. Eyes typical, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint moderately long, about as long as distance between antennal bases. Pronotum longer than wide, truncate anteriorly; lateral margins more or less straight and parallel, posterior angles and margin rounded. Tegmina long, wings prominent. Abdomen elongate, depressed, lateral glandular folds on tergite 3 small, those on tergite 4 large. Ultimate tergite square, smooth, tumid over the insertion of the forceps. Pygidium short, broad, and blunt. Forceps (Fig. 643) with branches remote at the base, very long and slender, more or less cylindrical in cross-section, inner margin with a small tooth near the base. Genitalia (Fig. 644) characteristic; central parameral plate comparatively short and narrowed basally; virga within genital lobe normally developed, long, external parameres specific, moderately short and broadly rounded apically. - Female very similar to male, but forceps short, straight, tapering, simple. - Length of body with forceps, male: 21-28 mm, female: 17-21 mm. Distribution: New Guinea.

Fig. 643 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Pterygida burgursi (BURR). After GÜNTHER.

15. Pterygida bosei

Fig. 644 Holotype genital armature of Pterygida burgursi (BURR). After BURR.

(BHARADWAJ & KAPOOR)

comb. nov.

1967 Kosmetor bosei BHARADWAJ & KAPOOR, Bull. Ent., 8 (2): 6; fig. 13 (male forceps), 14 (penultimate sternite), 15 (genitalia of holotype). - Terra typica: India (Type male: BOSE'S Collection). Literature: SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 .

Description: Male head reddish-brown, antennae, and tegmina dark brown, wings and abdominal tergites castaneous, tips of wings pale yellow; forceps reddish. Head longer than wide, frons slightly tumid, postfrontal and coronal

408 sutures distinct; posterior margin of head concave in the middle. Eyes small, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint elongated, longer than second and third combined, third longer than fourth. Pronotum semicircular, longer than wide, anterior margin truncate, sides slightly convex, posterior margin distinctly rounded; median longitudinal furrow deep. Tegmina long, finely punctate, wings well developed. Abdomen finely punctate, slightly convex and with prominent lateral glandular folds. Ultimate tergite transverse, side slightly concave laterally, posterior margin subsinuate with nearly obsolete tumid projections on the roots of forceps. Pygidium short, transverse, with two strong teeth laterally. Forceps (Fig. 645) elongated and slender, the inner margins denticulated up to nearly half the length from the bases and with a strong tooth at about the middle; apices pointed and curved inwards. Genitalia (Fig. 646) distinct; central parameral plate convex in the middle, virga within genital lobe nearly as long as the whole genital armature, protruding out of the external parameres and with sclerotized structures anteriorly. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 23 mm. Distribution: India.

Fig. 645

Male ultimate tergite with forceps of

Fig. 646

Pterygida

bosei (BHARADWAJ & KAPOOR).

Pterygida bosei (BHARADWAJ & KAPOOR). A f t e r BHARADWAJ & KAPOOR).

After

BHARADWAJ & KAPOOR.

Holotype genital armature of

409 Doubtful position ? Pterygida pulchripes

(BORMANS)

1894 Forficula pulchripes BORMANS, Ann. Mus. civ. Stor. nat. Genova, (2) 14: 408. - Terra typica: Burma (Type female: Mus. civ. Stor. nat., Genova). 1982 Kosmetor pulchripes - SRIVASTAVA, Ann. Mus. civ. Stor. nat. Genova, 83:103; fig. 12 (holotype in dorsal view). 1989 Pterygida pulchripes - STEINMANN, World Catalogue of Dermaptera, Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, p. 781.

? Pterygida poultoni (BURR) comb. nov. 1904 Opisthocosmiapoultoni BURR, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (7) 56: 491. - Terra typica: Batchian (Type unknown). 1907 Kosmetor poultoni - BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. London, 1907: 122.

? Pterygida claviger (BURR) comb. nov. 1917 Kosmetor claviger BURR, Annls Soc. ent. Fr., 86: 61. - Terra typica: Indo-China (Type unknown).

? Pterygida maculata

(BEY-BIENKO)

1959 Kosmetor maculata BEY-BIENKO, Ent. Obozr., Moscow, 38: 621. - Terra typica: China: Yunnan (Type female: unknown). 1989 Pterygida maculata - STEINMANN, World Catalogue of Dermaptera, Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, p. 780.

Genus 43: Chelidura

LATREILLE

1825 Chelidura Latreille, in BERTHOLD, Fam. Regn. Anim.: 410. - Species typica: Forficula aptera MEGERLE, apud CHARPENTIER, 1 8 2 5 ) . 1 9 0 0 Chelidura - BORMANS & KRAUSS, Das Tierreich, Berlin, 11: 1 0 5 (key to species). bolivari 1902 MesocheliduraVERHOEFF, Zool. Anz., Leipzig, 2 5 ( 6 6 5 ) : 187. - Species typica: Chelidura DUBRONY, 1878), - syn. n. VERHOEFF, Zool. Anz., GENE, 1 8 3 2 , - syn. n. 1902 VERHOEFF, Zool. Anz., LATREILLE, 1 8 2 5 . 1902

Chelidurella acanthopygia Cheliduridae

Leipzig, Leipzig,

2 5 (665):

187.

2 5 ( 6 6 5 ) : 186.

- Species typica: Forficula - Genus typicum: Chelidura

1908 Burriola SEMENOV, Ent. Obozr., Moscow, 1908: 159. - Species typica: Burriola przewalskii SEMENOV, 1 9 0 8 (for subfamily Chelidurinae). 1 9 0 8 Borelliola SEMENOV, Ent. Obozr., Moscow, 1 9 0 8 : 1 6 3 (as subgenus for Burriola SEMENOV, 1 9 0 8 ) . 1911 Chelidura - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 69 (in subfamily Chelidurinae). 1911 Mesochelidura - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 69 (in subfamily Chelidurinae). 1911 Chelidurella - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 75 (in subfamily Forficulinae). 1936 Borelliola - BEY-BIENKO, Faune de l'URSS, Dermaptera: 184 (as genus). 1 9 7 6 Maraniola H A R Z & KALTENBACH, Die Orthopteren Europas, 3: 8 6 . - Species typica: Anechura chelmosensis MAR AN, 1965 (for subfamily Forficulinae), - syn. n. 1976 Mesochelidura - HARZ & KALTENBACH, Die Orthopteren Europas, 3: 80 (in subfamily Forficulinae). 1989 Chelidura-STEINMANN, World Catalogue of Dermaptera, Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, p. 755.

409 Doubtful position ? Pterygida pulchripes

(BORMANS)

1894 Forficula pulchripes BORMANS, Ann. Mus. civ. Stor. nat. Genova, (2) 14: 408. - Terra typica: Burma (Type female: Mus. civ. Stor. nat., Genova). 1982 Kosmetor pulchripes - SRIVASTAVA, Ann. Mus. civ. Stor. nat. Genova, 83:103; fig. 12 (holotype in dorsal view). 1989 Pterygida pulchripes - STEINMANN, World Catalogue of Dermaptera, Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, p. 781.

? Pterygida poultoni (BURR) comb. nov. 1904 Opisthocosmiapoultoni BURR, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (7) 56: 491. - Terra typica: Batchian (Type unknown). 1907 Kosmetor poultoni - BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. London, 1907: 122.

? Pterygida claviger (BURR) comb. nov. 1917 Kosmetor claviger BURR, Annls Soc. ent. Fr., 86: 61. - Terra typica: Indo-China (Type unknown).

? Pterygida maculata

(BEY-BIENKO)

1959 Kosmetor maculata BEY-BIENKO, Ent. Obozr., Moscow, 38: 621. - Terra typica: China: Yunnan (Type female: unknown). 1989 Pterygida maculata - STEINMANN, World Catalogue of Dermaptera, Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, p. 780.

Genus 43: Chelidura

LATREILLE

1825 Chelidura Latreille, in BERTHOLD, Fam. Regn. Anim.: 410. - Species typica: Forficula aptera MEGERLE, apud CHARPENTIER, 1 8 2 5 ) . 1 9 0 0 Chelidura - BORMANS & KRAUSS, Das Tierreich, Berlin, 11: 1 0 5 (key to species). bolivari 1902 MesocheliduraVERHOEFF, Zool. Anz., Leipzig, 2 5 ( 6 6 5 ) : 187. - Species typica: Chelidura DUBRONY, 1878), - syn. n. VERHOEFF, Zool. Anz., GENE, 1 8 3 2 , - syn. n. 1902 VERHOEFF, Zool. Anz., LATREILLE, 1 8 2 5 . 1902

Chelidurella acanthopygia Cheliduridae

Leipzig, Leipzig,

2 5 (665):

187.

2 5 ( 6 6 5 ) : 186.

- Species typica: Forficula - Genus typicum: Chelidura

1908 Burriola SEMENOV, Ent. Obozr., Moscow, 1908: 159. - Species typica: Burriola przewalskii SEMENOV, 1 9 0 8 (for subfamily Chelidurinae). 1 9 0 8 Borelliola SEMENOV, Ent. Obozr., Moscow, 1 9 0 8 : 1 6 3 (as subgenus for Burriola SEMENOV, 1 9 0 8 ) . 1911 Chelidura - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 69 (in subfamily Chelidurinae). 1911 Mesochelidura - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 69 (in subfamily Chelidurinae). 1911 Chelidurella - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 75 (in subfamily Forficulinae). 1936 Borelliola - BEY-BIENKO, Faune de l'URSS, Dermaptera: 184 (as genus). 1 9 7 6 Maraniola H A R Z & KALTENBACH, Die Orthopteren Europas, 3: 8 6 . - Species typica: Anechura chelmosensis MAR AN, 1965 (for subfamily Forficulinae), - syn. n. 1976 Mesochelidura - HARZ & KALTENBACH, Die Orthopteren Europas, 3: 80 (in subfamily Forficulinae). 1989 Chelidura-STEINMANN, World Catalogue of Dermaptera, Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, p. 755.

410 Literature: BORELLI, 1906; BRINDLE, 1969; BURR, 1 9 0 7 , 1 9 1 6 ; DUBRONY, 1876; HINCKS, 1938; MARAN, 1965; KIRBY, 1904; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1968; SAKAI, 1973, 1982; SRIVASTAVA, 1976; STEINMANN, 1973, 1975, 1977; TOWNES, 1945; WERNER, 1907; ZACHER, 1917.

Description: Build robust, body somewhat depressed, generally large and broad. Eyes moderately small, but prominent. Pronotum transverse, tegmina rudimentary, and associated with a short section medially; wings entirely absent. Legs comparatively short. Abdomen characteristic, stronly dilated from base to apex, whre the maximum breadth is attained. Ultimate tergite very broad and short, transverse. Pygidium generally present, smaller or larger, sometimes hidden in superior view. Male forceps stout, remote and arcuate. Distribution: Palaearctic region. 17 species.

Identification key to the species Male forceps strongly undulating in lateral view (Fig. 648); ultimate tergite with a pair of very large and prominent spines laterally (Fig. 647). Male genitalia as in Fig. 649 1. Chelidura semenovi, p. 411 V Male forceps not undulating, more or less straight in lateral view 2 2 Male forceps armed with smaller or larger tooth or flattened lamellation on the inner margins 3 2' Male forceps unarmed in the inner margins 9 3 Inner margins of the male forceps strongly undulate in superior view basally (Fig. 650); virga of the male genitalia with a specific, Forficula-type curvature basally (Fig. 651) 2. Chelidura specifica, p. 412 3' Inner margins of the male forceps more or less smooth, not undulate basally in superior view; virga of the male genitalia foliaceous (Figs 654,658, and 662), or with conspicuous sac basally (Figs 664, 667, and 669) 4 5 4 Virga of the male genitalia comparatively short 4' Virga of the male genitalia comparatively long 7 5 Male forceps strongly curved (Fig. 653), inner margins with a small ventral tooth 3. Chelidura apfelbecki, p. 413 5' Male forceps less curved, inner margins with a comparatively larger tooth 6 6 Male pygidium very broad, strongly transverse, posterior margin without median tubercle (Figs 656, and 657); external parameres of the male genitalia normally developed, not gibbous (Fig. 658) A. Chelidura chelmosensis, p. 415 6' Male pygidium smaller, posterior margin with a small tubercles medially (Fig. 660); inner ventral tooth of male forceps comparatively large; external parameres of the male genitalia fully developed, gibbous (Fig. 662) 5. Chelidura carpathica, p. 416 7 European species. Male forceps strongly curved (Figs 663, and 666) 8 T Chinese species. Male forceps more or less straight (Fig. 668) 8. Chelidura redux, p. 420 8 Lateral angles of the male pygidium with conspicuous but small tubercles (Fig. 663); posterior margin concave; basal vesicle of the male genitalia as in Fig. 664 6.Chelidura aptera, p.417 8' Lateral angles of the male pygidium absent (Fig. 666), posterior margin convex; basal vesicle of the male genitalia as in Fig. 667 7. Chelidura bolivari, p. 419 9 Apex of male pygidium reclinate, directed upwards (Fig. 670), both branches of male forceps with a small tubercle dorsally near pygidium 9. Chelidura acanthoypgia, p. 421 9' Apex of male pygidium not reclinate; male pygidium generally present, transverse and large or sometimes hidden in superior view 10 10 Virga of the male genitalia comparatively short 11 10' Virga of the male genitalia comparatively long 12 1

411 11 Anterior margin of male genital lobe (Fig. 674), shape of basal vesicle and of sclerotized plate different from those of following species; male pygidium present, transverse (Fig. 673) Chelidura euxina, p. 423 11'Apex of male genital lobe (Fig. 677) rounded, dilated section of basal vesicle with a characteristic curve; sclerotized plate with a dentiform projection; male pygidium hidden (Fig. 675) 11 .Chelidura russica, p. 424 12 Asiatic species 13 12' European species 15 13 Male pygidium hidden in superior view (Fig. 678); male genitalia large, broad, fully developed, virga within genital lobe with a specific sclerotized sac basally, as in Fig. 680 12. Chelidura nuristanica, p. 425 13' Male pygidium present, rounded posteriorly 14 14 External parameres of male genitalia comparatively narrow and long (Fig. 682); branches of male forceps narrow, cylindrical in cross-section (Fig.681) . . 13.Chelidura przewalskii, p.427 14' External parameres of male genitalia comparatively wide (Fig. 684); branches of male forceps wide, more or less oval in cross-section (Fig. 683) 14. Chelidura tibetana, p. 428 15 Larger species, body length with forceps more than 15 m m 16 15' Smaller species, body length with forceps less than 14 mm; male pygidium broadly rounded posteriorly (Fig.685) 15.Chelidura mutica, p.429 16 Male abdomen widened to ultimate tergite; pygidium of male strongly transverse, posterior margin more or less straight or faintly concave (Fig. 688) with two, very small lateral tubercles; male genitalia as in Fig. 689 16. Chelidura pyrenaica, p. 430 16' Male abdomen widened medially, lateral margins convex in superior view; pygidium of male transverse, posterior margin convex, with larger lateral tubercles (Fig. 691); male genitalia as in Fig. 692 17. Chelidura transsilvanica, p. 431

1. Chelidura semenovi (BEY-BIENKO) comb. nov. 1934 Burriola semenovi BEY-BIENKO, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (10) 13: 408; fig. 4 (male forceps in lateral view), 5 (genitalia of holotype). - Terra typica: China: Szechwan (Type male: Zool. Inst. Mus. Acad. Sci. URSS, Leningrad). 1936 Anechura (Burriola) semenovi-BEY-BIENKO, Faune de l'URSS, Dermaptera: 179; fig. 56 (male in dorsal view), 59 (male genitalia) (Tibet). 1968 Anechura semenovi - POPHAM & BRINDLE, Entomologist, London, 101: 199. Literature: SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 7 5 , 1 9 8 9 .

Description: Male very peculiar, characterized by strongly undulate forceps. General colour uniformly brownish black. Head large, broad, depressed, postfrontal and coronal sutures distinct; posterior margin faintly concave in the middle. Eyes comparatively large, prominent, but a little shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae 12-jointed; first joint well developed, about as long as distance between antennal bases; second quadrate, third and fifth joints equal in length, cylindrical, three times as long as wide and each half as long again as the fourth joint, which is conical or subconical in form. Pronotum strongly transverse, about equal in width to head, with straight and parallel lateral margins and broadly rounded posterior margin; the surface somewhat tumid, with depressed lateral parts. Tegmina rudimentary, the visible part somewhat shorter than the length of the pronotum, with obliquely truncate hind margins. Prosternum strongly widened anteriorly, mesosternum transverse, ovate, nearly twice as wide as long, with very broadly rounded, practically straight posterior margin. Abdomen feebly depressed, somewhat widened before the apex; lateral

412 glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct. Ultimate tergite characteristic; strongly transverse, somewhat widened to apex, with a distinct triangular tubercle laterally. Posterior margin of penultimate sternite very obtusely angulated, practically rounded. Branches of forceps (Fig. 647) strongly remote at the base, strongly undulate horizontally and vertically; but without teeth or tubercles; forceps in lateral view as in Fig. 648. Genitalia (Fig. 649) of Anechura-type; central parameral plate narrowed basally, and widened medially; virga within genital lobe comparatively long with specific basal vesicle. - Female unknown to me. - Length of body with forceps: 16-19 mm. Distribution: China: Szechwan, and Tibet.

Fig. 647 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Chelidura semenovi (BEY-

Fig. 648 Male forceps of Chelidura semenovi (BEYBIENKO) in lateral view. After BEY-BIENKO.

BIENKO). After BEY-

Fig. 649 Holotype genital armature of Chelidura semenovi

After

(BEY-BIENKO).

BEY-BIENKO.

BIENKO.

2.

Chelidura specifica

STEINMANN

1936 Anechura (Borelliola) euxina f. brachylabia BEY-BIENKO, Faune de l'URSS, Dermaptera: 184; fig. 11 (male in dorsal view) (type undesignated). 1989 Chelidura specifica STEINMANN, World Catalogue of Dermaptera, Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, p. 764 (new name for Anechura (Borelliola) euxina f. brachylabia BEY-BIENKO, 1936, a junior secondary homonymy of Anechura euxina SEMENOV, 1907).

Description: Male head reddish-orange, antennae brown, median part of pronotum, meso- and metathoracal nota lighter reddish-brown, abdominal tergites and forceps darker reddish-brown; lateral parts of pronotum and legs yellowish-brown. Head large, tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct, posterior margin concave. Eyes small, essentially shorter than the length of head

413 behind eyes. First antennal joint short, shorter than distance between antennal bases; second quadrate, third longer than fourth, cylindrical, fourth subconical. Pronotum transverse, about as wide as head; lateral margins faintly concave, more or less parallel; posterior margin convex; median longitudinal furrow present. Tegmina of Chelidura-type; wings entirely absent. Abdomen elongate, lateral margin convex in superior view; lateral glandular folds on tergite 3 very small, those on tergite 4 large. Ultimate tergite characteristic, transverse, strongly depressed medially near posterior margin, and disc with two large, prominent tubercles medio-laterally. Pygidium transverse, simple. Forceps (Fig. 650) very short and broad; branches strongly depressed basally, basal inner margins lamellate, and flattened section strongly undulate. Genitalia (Fig. 651, gen. prep. No. 541, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) very broad; central parameral plate short and wide, strongly narrowed basally, and widened medially; virga within genital lobe short, with Forficula-type curvature basally;external parameters well developed, broade basally. - Female very similar in external characteristic to male, but forceps (Fig. 652) short, branches depressed basally and medially, more or less cylindrical apically. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 12-15 mm. Distribution: Caucasus.

Fig. 651 Male genital armature of Chelidura

Fig. 650 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Chelidura specifica

specifica

STEINMANN. Originai.

Originai. 3.

STEINMANN.

Chelidura apfelbecki

Fig. 652 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Chelidura specifica STEINMANN. Originai.

WERNER

1907 Chelidoura apfelbecki WERNER, Glas, zemaljsk. Mus. Bos.-Herz., 10:647. - Terra typica: Bosnia (Type male: Zemaljsk. Muz., Sarajevo). 1907 Chelidoura reiseri WERNER, Glas, zemaljsk. Mus. Bos.-Herz., 10: 648. - Terra typica: Yugoslavia (Type male: Zemaljsk. Muz., Sarajevo).

414 1911 Burriola apfelbeckiBURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 70. 1965 Anechura (Borelliola) apfelbecki - MARAN, Acta ent. Mus. nat. Prag., 36: 675; fig. 2 (male genitalia). 1974 Anechura apfelbecki - STEINMANN, F a u n a Hung., 118: 26; fig. 15D (male forceps), 15E (male genitalia), 15F (female forceps), 15G (pronotum, and tegmina). 1976 Maraniola apfelbecki - HARZ & KALTENBACH. Die Orthopteren Europas, 3: 88; fig. 260 (male ultimate tergite with forceps), 261 (male genitalia), 262 (female forceps). 1977 Anechura apfelbecki- STEINMANN, Acta zool. hung., 23: 205; fig. 13 (male genitalia, gen. prep. No. 222, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) (Bosnia, and Greece). 1977 Chelidoura reiseri-STEINMANN, Acta zool. hung., 23: 205 (as synonym of apfelbecki WERNER, 1907). Literature: POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 .

Description: Male general colour dark reddish-brown, unicolorous. Head broad, a little longer than wide, frons tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct; posterior margin concave in the middle. Eyes small, essentially shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint short, shorter than distance between antennal bases; second transverse, third a little longer than fourth, the rest of the joints cylindrical, but narrowed basally. Pronotum transverse, lateral margins more or less straight, and somewhat widened posteriorly, posterior margin convex; median longitudinal furrow distinct. Tegmina of Chelidura-type. Abdomen well developed, broad, lateral margins convex in superior view; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 small, those on tergite 4 large. Ultimate tergite transverse, the disc with two large, prominent, obtuse tubercles near the roots of the forceps. Pygidium characteristic, very

Fig. 653 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Chelidura apfelbecki

Fig. 654 Male genital armature of Chelidura apfelbecki WERNER. After

Fig. 655 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Chelidura apfelbecki Werner.

WERNER. A f t e r STEINMANN.

STEINMANN.

A f t e r STEINMANN.

415

large, broad, posterior margin flattened, and the lamellate posterior margin curved and directed upwards. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 653) short, strongly curved; more or less cylindrical in cross-section, inner margins with a very small tooth medially. Genitalia (Fig. 654) with a typical central parameral plate; virga within genital lobe foliaceous, short, basal vesicle strongly sclerotized; external parameres fully developed, with tips obtuse. - Female very similar to male, but forceps (Fig. 655) simple, depressed, tapering. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 13-16 mm. Distribution: Yugoslavia and Greece.

4. Chelidura chelmosensis (MARAN) comb. nov. 1965 Anechura (Borelliola) chelmosensis MARAN, Acta ent. Mus. nat. Prag., 36: 677. - Terra typica: Greece (Type male: Nat. Mus., Prague). 1976 Maraniola chelmosensis - HARZ & KALTENBACH, Die Orthopteren Europas, 3: 88; fig. 252 (pronotum and tegmina off. macrolabia), 253 (ditto, of f. brachylabia), 254 (female tegmina), 255 (epiproctum), 256 (ditto, female), 257 (male forceps of f. brachylabia in lateral view), 258 (female forceps in lateral view), 259 (male genitalia). 1982 Anechura (Maraniola) chelmosensis - SAKAI, Bull. Daito Bunka Univ., 20: 53. 1984 Anechura chelmosensis - STEINMANN, Acta zool. hung., 30: 204. L i t e r a t u r e : SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 7 7 , 1 9 8 9 .

Description: Male body with antennae and forceps dark brown, and legs yellowish. Head large, broad, frons a little tumid; postfrontal and coronal sutures present, posterior margin somewhat concave in the middle. Eyes small, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae typical for the genus; first joint small, shorter than distance betweeen antennal bases; second transverse, third longer than fourth. Pronotum transverse, lateral margins straight and widened posteriorly, posterior margin convex; median longitudinal furrow indistinct, prozona tumid, metazona flattened. Tegmina of Chelidura-type, and wings entirely absent. Abdomen widened apically, tergites with a rufous greasy sheen; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct. Ultimate tergite strongly transverse, with a pair of large, obtuse tubercles near the roots of the forceps. Pygidium very broad, strongly transverse, simple, but posterior margin imes a little lamellate. Forceps of f. brachylabia (Fig. 656), and f. macrolabia (Fig. 657) arcuate, shorter or longer, branches more or less cylindrical, imes a little undulate in lateral view; inner margins with a smaller or larger tooth near midpoint. Genitalia (Fig. 658) well developed; central parameral plate slightly narrowed, about as wide as external parameres; genital lobe long, apically transversely truncate; virga within genital lobe short, with foliaceous basal vesicle; external parameres long, well developed, section slightly widened basally. - Female very similar to male, but forceps (Fig. 659) short, simple, tapering, straight. - Length of body with forceps, male: 16-18 mm, female: 13-15 mm. Distribution: Greece.

416

Fig. 656 Male forceps of Chelidura chelmosensis ( M A R A N ) f. b r a c h y l a b i a .

Original.

5.

Fig. 657 Male forceps of Chelidura chelmosensis MARAN). f. macrolabia. Original.

Chelidura carpathica

(STEINMANN

Fig. 658 Male genital armature of Chelidura chelmosensis

(MARAN).

Original.

& Kis) sp. nov.

Terra typica: RPR, Szemenik, 1400 m, 4. VIII. 1964, legit Dr. B. Kis, gen. prep. No. 981, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN (Type male: Kis's Collection, Cluj, RPR).

Description: Male general colour yellowish-brown; head and legs uniformly yellow, antennae light yellowish-brown, pronotum brown medially and yellowish near lateral margins; meso- and metanotum, ultimate tergite dark brownish and shaded reddish-yellow. Head comparatively large, somewhat wider than the length of pronotum; postfrontal and coronal sutures present, occiput with a smaller and roundeed impression medially; posterior margin sinuate. Eyes small,

417 significantly shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae 12(+?)jointed; first joint well-developed, but shorter than distance betweeen antennal bases; second quadrate, third quite longer than fourth, cylindrical; fourth joint short, subcylindrical. Pronotum transverse, all angles rounded, lateral margins somewhat widened posteriorly, posterior margin rounded; median longitudinal furrow present. Tegmina rudimentary, very short (Fig. 661). Legs normally developed, typical. Abdomen expanded to 8th tergite, depressed; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 and 4 present, distinct. Ultimate tergite transverse, smooth, with a depression in the middle near posterior margin. Pygidium transverse, posterior margin truncate, with a very small tubercle medially. Penultimate sternite simple, broadly rounded posteriorly. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 660) less arcuate, somewhat trigonal in cross-section basally and cylindrical medially and apically; inner margins with a ventral tooth basally. Genitalia (Fig. 662) well-developed; central parameral plate broad, but narrower than the width of external parameres medially; virga within genital lobe short, foliaceous, with a well-marked and strongly sclerotized basal vesicle. External parameres fully developed, with apices obtuse. - Female unknown. Length of body with forceps: 12 mm. Distribution: Roumania.

Fig. 661 Thoracal nota of Chelidura carpathica sp.n. Original.

Fig. 660 Holotype ultimate tergite with forceps of Chelidura carpathica sp.n. Original. 6.

Chelidura aptera

Fig. 662 Holotype genital armature of Chelidura carpathica sp.n. Original.

(MEGERLE)

1825 Forficula aptera MEGERLE, in CHARPENTIER, Horae ent. Soc. Ross.: 69. - Terra typica: "Europe" (Type unknown). 1825 Chelidura aptera - LATREILLE, in BERTHOLD, Fam. Regn. Anim.: 410.

418 1828 Forficula simplex LAFRESNAYE, in GERMAR, F a u n a Ins. europ., 11:17. - Terra typica: unknown (Type unknown). 1832 Forficula paupercula GENE, Saggio Monogr. Forf.: 14. - Terra typica: Savoja (Type undesignated). 1832 Forficula montana GENE, Saggio Monogr. Forf.: 14. - Terra typica: G r a n St. Bernardo (Type undesignated). 1832 Forficula alpina BORELLI, in GENE, Saggio Monogr. Forf.: 15. - Terra typica: Locana (Type undesignated). 1978 Chelidura aptera - DUBRONY, Annali Mus. civ. Stor. nat. Genova, 12: 446; fig. (male in dorsal view). 1878 Chelidura aptera var. simplex - DUBRONY, Annali Mus. civ. Stor. nat. Genova, 12: 446; figs (male forceps, and male in dorsal view). 1974 Chelidura aptera - STEINMANN, F a u n a Hung., 118: 27; fig. 16B (male forceps), 16C (male genitalia, gen. prep. N o . 410, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN), 16D (female forceps). 1976 Pseudochelidura paupercula - HARZ & KALTENBACH, Die Orthopteren Europas, 3: 97. 1981 Chelidura aptera - STEINMANN, Atti Soc. ital Sei. nat. Museo civ. Stor. nat. Milano, 122 ( 3 - 4 ) : 166; fig. 15 (male genitalia, gen. prep. N o . 597, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) (Liguria). 1989 Forficula paupercula - STEINMANN, World Catalogue of Dermaptera, Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, p. 757 [proposed synonymy with aptera (MEGERLE, 1825)]. Literature: BEY-BIENKO, 1 9 3 6 ; BOESEMAN, 1 9 5 4 ; BORMANS & KRAUSS, 1 9 0 0 ; BURR, 1 9 1 1 ; CHOPARD, 1 9 5 1 , KIRBY, 1 9 0 4 ; MACCAGNO, 1 9 3 3 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; SCUDDER, 1 8 9 8 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 7 7 ; TÜMPEL, 1 9 0 0 .

Description: Male very characteristic, with wide abdomen and widely separated forceps. Head dark reddish, imes reddish-brown, body uniformly dark brown, legs brown. Head longer than wide, large, frons tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures distinct, posterior margin somewhat emarginate in the middle.

Fig. 663 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Chelidura aptera (MEGERLE). Original.

Fig. 664 Male genital armature of Chelidura aptera (MEGERLE). Original.

Fig. 665 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Chelidura aptera (MEGERLE). Original.

419 Eyes very small, essentially shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint short, strongly narrowed basally, shorter than the distance between antennal bases; second quadrate or transverse, third somewhat longer than fourth, cylindrical. Pronotum strongly transverse, lateral margins faintly convex, and widened posteriorly, posterior margin more or less straight, with lateral angles rounded; median longitudinal furrow distinct. Tegmina of Chelidura-type, rudimentary, and associated with a very short section medially. Abdomen strongly dilated; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct. Ultimate tergite strongly transverse, about twice as wide as the width of the head; dorsal surface with two large, blunt tubercles near the roots of the forceps. Pygidium very broad, strongly transverse, posterior margin straight or faintly concave. Forceps (Fig. 663) strongly arcuate, branches somewhat broader basally, and cylindrical in cross-section medially and basally; inner margins with, or imes without, a small or very small tubercle. Genitalia (Fig. 664) mediumdeveloped; central parameral plate normally developed, genital lobe comparatively long, anterior margin rounded or truncate, virga within genital lobe long, basal vesicle bean-shaped; external parameres elongate, arising on anterior margins. - Female very similar to male, but forceps (Fig. 665) short, somewhat depressed, more or less straight, and tapering. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 17-22 mm. Distribution: Alps, Apennines, and Pyrenees.

7.

Chelidura bolivari

DUBRONY

1878 Chelidura bolivari DUBRONY, Ann. Mus. civ. Stor. nat. Genova, 12: 444; figs (male in dorsal view, male forceps, and female in dorsal view). - Terra typica: Spain (Type male: Brit. Mus. nat. Hist., London). 1902 Mesochelidura bolivari - VERHOEFF, Zool. Anz., Leipzig, 25 (665): 187. L i t e r a t u r e : BORMANS & KRAUSS, 1 9 0 0 ; BURR, 1 9 1 1 , 1 9 1 5 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 7 4 , 1 9 7 7 , 1 9 8 1 , 1 9 8 9 .

Description: Male head reddish-orange, antennae and legs yellowish-brown, body with forceps dark reddish- or brownish-yellow. Head moderately small, longer than wide, somewhat depressed; postfrontal and coronal sutures present, but indistinct; posterior margin concave in the middle. Eyes small, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint short, narrowed basally, widened apically, and shorter than the distance between antennal bases; second transverse, third a little longer than fourth, cylindrical, of subcylindrical. Pronotum transverse, anterior margin truncate, lateral margins more or less straight, and expanded posteriorly, last margin straight, postero-lateral angles rounded; median longitudinal furrow distinct. Tegmina of Chelidura-type, rudimentary. Abdomen widened to last tergite; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 indistinct. Ultimate tergite transverse, very broad, with a large depression medially near posterior margin, and disc with two postero-lateral projections.

420 Pygidium large, broad, posterior margin convex, and flattened, carinate. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 666) strongly curved, basal section somewhat depressed, median and apical sections cylindrical in cross-section; inner margins with a very small, but distinct and acuminate, tooth near pygidium. Genitalia (Fig. 667), gen. prep. No. 609, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) of Anechura-type; central parameral plate large and broad, virga within genital lobe very long, the basal vesicle diverging tricladously on apex; external parameres long and narrow, with apices obtuse. - Female very similar to male, but forceps slender, straight, and inner margins without basal tooth. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 12-17 mm.

Fig. 666 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Chelidura bolivari DUBRONY. Original. 8.

Chelidura redux

Fig. 667 Male genital armature of Chelidura bolivari DUBRONY. Original. (SEMENOV)

comb.nov.

1908 Burriola redux SEMENOV, Ent. Obozr., Moscow, 1908:162. - Terra typica: China: Gansu (Type male: Zool. Inst. Mus. Acad. Sci. URSS, Leningrad). 1911 Burriola redux - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 70; pi. 6, fig. 18 (male in dorsal view). 1936 Anechura (Burriola) redux - BEY-BIENKO, Faune de l'URSS, Dermaptera: 183. 1975 Aneuchura redux - STEINMANN, Folia ent. hung., 28: 164; fig. 37 (male genitalia, gen.prep. No. 522, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) (China: Gansu, and Tibet). Literature: POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1968; SAKAI, 1973, 1982; W u , 1 9 3 5 .

Description: Male general colour very dark brownish-black, sometimes dark reddish-black; antennae, pronotum, and tarsi dark red. Head large, frons tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct, posterior margin convex. Eyes small, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint normally developed, about as long as distance between antennal bases; second transverse,

421 third somewhat longer than fourth, cylindrical or subcylindrical. Pronotum transverse, anterior margin truncate, lateral margins straight or faintly concave, more or less parallel, posterior margin convex; median longitudinal furrow present. Tegmina of Chelidura-type, rudimentary. Abdomen typical somewhat widened posteriorly; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 comparatively small. Ultimate tergite strongly transverse, simple, smooth, without dorsal tubercles laterally. Pygidium small, rounded posteriorly. Forceps (Fig. 668) simple, more or less straight basally and medially, somewhat curved apically; branches cylindrical in cross-section, and inner margins with a small, but distinct tooth. Genitalia (Fig. 669, gen.prep. No. 546, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) elongate; central parameral plate broad, narrowed basally and apically, somewhat expanded in the middle; virga within genital lobe very long, with specific basal vesicle; external parameres well developed. - Female unknown to me. - Length of body with forceps: 13-16 mm. Distribution: China: Gansu, and Tibet.

Fig. 668 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Chelidura redux (SEMENOV). Original.

Fig. 669 Male genital armature of Chelidura redux (SEMENOV). Original.

9. Chelidura acanthopygia

(GENE)

1832 Forficula acanthopygia GENE, Saggio Monogr. Forf.: 13. - Terra typica: Italy (Type undesignated). 1866 Forficula xanthopygia SCHMIDT, Nat. Hist. Ver. Krain.: 78. - Terra typica: "Europe" (Type unknown). 1 8 6 6 Forficula aptera SCHMIDT (nec MEGERLE, 1 8 2 5 ) , Nat. Hist. Ver. Krain.: 7 8 . - Terra typica: "Europe" (Type unknown).

422 1878 Chelidura acanthopygia - DUBRONY, Ann. Mus. civ. Stor. nat. Genova, 12: 441; figs (male in dorsal view male and female pygidium). 1900 Forficula xanthopygia - BORMANS & KRAUSS, Das Tierreich, Berlin, 11: 107 [as synonym of acanthopygia

(GENE, 1832)].

1900 Forficula aptera - BORMANS & KRAUSS, Das Tierreich, Berlin, 11: 107 [as synonym of acanthopygia

(GENE, 1832)].

1902 Chelidurella acanthopygia - VERHOEFF, Zool. Anz., Leipzig, 25 (665): 186. 1977 Chelidurella acanthopygia - STEINMANN, Acta zool. hung., 23: 210; fig. 30 (male genitalia, gen.prep. No. 480, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) (Europe, from South Sweden to France, and from the Baltic States to Serbia). Literature: BEY-BIENKO, 1936; BOESEMAN, 1954; BURR, 1911; CHOPARD, 1922, 1951; FINOT, 1890; KARNY, 1910; KIRBY, 1904; MENOZZI, 1927; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1969; SAKAI, 1973, 1982; TÜMPEL, 1900.

Description: Male general colour light yellowish-brown, antennae and legs light brown. Head longer than wide, comparatively large, frons tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures distinct, posterior margin emarginate in the middle. Eyes very small, significantly shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint narrowed basally and widened apically, shorter than distance between antennal bases; second transverse, third longer than fourth, cylindrical. Pronotum transverse, anterior margin truncate, lateral margins straight and parallel, posterior angles rounded, last margin faintly convex or sometimes straight. Tegmina typical, rudimentary. Abdomen widened medially, lateral margins convex in superior view; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct; abdominal tergites 6 - 7 carinate laterally. Ultimate tergite transverse, smooth, simple, posterior margin trisinuate. Pygidium characteristic, generally promi-

Fig. 670 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Chelidura acanthopygia (GENE). Original.

Fig. 671 Male genital armature of Chelidura acanthopygia

Original.

(GENE).

Fig. 672 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Chelidura acanthopygia (GENE). Original.

423 nent and narrowed posteriorly, last apex strongly curved upwards. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 670) strongly arcuate, dorsal surface with a short edge and a sharp, distinct, but small tooth, which is directed upwards; branches more or less cylindrical in cross-section. Genitalia (Fig. 671, gen.prep. No. 233, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) well developed; central parameral plate medium developed, slender, about as wide as width of external parameres on anterior margin. Genital lobe comparatively small, anterior margin generally transversely truncate at rest. Virga within genital lobe long, with characteristic basal vesicle; external parameres medium long, straight, with rounded apices. - Female similar to male, but abdominal tergites 6 - 7 smooth, ecarinate, and forceps (Fig. 672) straight, simple, tapering, without dorsal tooth. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 12-17 mm. Distribution: the largest part of Europe from Sweden to the Pyrenees. 10. Chelidura euxina (SEMENOV) comb.nov. 1907 Anechura euxina SEMENOV, in ADELUNG, Annu. Mus. zool. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb., 12: 122. Terra typica: South Russia (Type male: Zool. Inst. Mus. Acad. Sci. URSS, Leningrad). 1908 Burriola (Borelliola) euxina - SEMENOV, Ent. Obozr., Moscow, 1908: 163. 1911 Burriola euxina - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 70. 1912 Burriola euxina - ZACHER, Wiss. Insektenbiol., 8: 280; fig. 9 (male genitalia). 1936 Anechura (Borelliola) euxina - BEY-BIENKO, Faunede l'URSS, Dermaptera: 184; fig. 11 (male forceps, f. brachylabia), 12 (ditto, f. macrolabia) (Western Caucasus). 1974 Anechura euxina - STEINMANN, Fauna Hung., 118: 26; fig. 15A (male forceps), 15B (ditto, f. brachylabia), 15C (male genitalia) (West Caucasus, and Balkan). 1977 Anechura euxina - STEINMANN, Acta zool. hung., 23: 206; fig. 15 (male genitalia, gen.prep. No. 541, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) (Southern areas of the European part of the Soviet Union to the western Caucasus). L i t e r a t u r e : BEY-BIENKO, 1 9 5 8 , 1959; BURR, 1916; M A I U N , 1965; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1968; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 7 5 , 1989.

Description: Male head orange or reddish-brown, body with forceps dark reddish-brown, legs yellowish-brown. Head large, longer than wide, frons tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct, posterior margin somewhat emarginate in the middle. Eyes typical, very small, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint small, shorter than the distance between antennal bases; second and the rest typical, cylindrical or sometimes subcylindrical. Pronotum strongly transverse, anterior margin truncate, lateral margins straight, or faintly widened posteriorly, all angles rounded, posterior margin convex; median longitudinal furrow present. Tegmina rudimentary, of Chelidura-type. Abdomen comparatively short and wide, lateral glandular folds present on tergites 3 - 4 . Ultimate tergite transverse, smooth, simple, tumid, but lateral-posterior angles sometimes with smaller or larger tubercles. Pygidium transverse, posterior margin truncate or concave, postero-lateral angles ornameted with smaller tubercles. Forceps (Fig. 673) arcuate on basal section, more or less straight medially, and curved apically; branches cylindrical in cross-

424 section, basal part with or without a smaller, obtuse tubercle. Genitalia (Fig. 674) wide, virga within genital lobe short, basal vesicle not sinuous but gradually widening and anally curved, adjacent sclerotized plate very characteristic; external parameres well developed and long. - Female very similar to male, but forceps simple, straight, tapering. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 12-17 mm. Distribution: southern areas of the European part of the Soviet Union to the western Caucasus.

Fig. 673 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Chelidura euxina (SEMENOV). Original.

11. Chelidura russica 1977

Fig. 674 Male genital armature of Chelidura euxina (SEMENOV). Original.

(STEINMANN)

comb.nov.

Anechura russica STEINMANN, Acta zool. hung., 23: 2 0 6 ; fig. 1 6 (male ultimate tergite with forceps), 17 (ditto, in lateral view), 18 (genitalia of holotype). - Terra typica: Caucasus (Type male, gen.prep. No. 542, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN: Termeszettudomanyi Muzeum, Budapest).

L i t e r a t u r e : SAKAI, 1 9 8 2 .

Description: Male head dark orange, body with forceps rufous to yellowishbrown; antennae light brown, legs yellowish. Head wide, in superior view wider than pronotum, postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct, posterior margin somewhat concave in the middle. Eyes small, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae 13-jointed; first joint small, shorter than distance between antennal bases; second short, third perceptibly longer than fourth. Pronotum transverse, anterior margin truncate, lateral margins nearly straight and parallel, posterior margin widely and arcuately rounded; median longitudinal furrow faintly visible. Tegmina typical, of Chelidura-type. Abdomen dorsally with a rufous greasy sheen; widened medially; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4

425 distinct. Ultimate tergite transverse, median part depressed near posterior margin, and the disc with two smaller, rounded tubercles. Pygidium hidden in superior view. Forceps (Fig. 675) simple, comparatively thin and short, basal section slightly widened but not lamelliform. In lateral view (Fig. 676) forceps visibly arcuate, dorsal surface of branches with a smaller, rounded, obtuse peg. Genitalia (Fig. 677) comparatively narrow; central parameral plate only slightly wider than width of anteriorly situated external parameres. The latter very narrow, long, enclosed genital lobe medium developed. Virga within genital lobe short, basal vesicle foliaceous. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 11 mm. Distribution: Caucasus.

Fig. 675 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Chelidura russica (STEINMANN). After STEINMANN.

Fig. 676 Male abdominal end with forceps of Chelidura russica (STEINMANN) in lateral view. After STEINMANN.

12. Chelidura nuristanica

armature of Chelidura russica (STEINMANN). After STEINMANN.

STEINMANN

1977 Chelidura nuristanica STEINMANN, Acta zool. hung., 2 3 : 209; fig. 27 (male ultimate tergite with forceps), 28 (ditto in lateral view), 29 (genitalia of holotype). - Terra typica: Afghanistan (Type male, gen.prep. No. 449, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN: Termeszettudomanyi Muzeum, Budapest). Literature: SAKAI, 1982.

Description: Male comparatively large-bodied, and generally dark brown in colour, except the head and forceps, reddish. Head wide, but only slightly wider than pronotum, frons tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures distinct, posterior margin concave in the middle. Eyes small, but prominent, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint small, shorter than distance between

426 antennal bases, second short, about as long as one-third of joint 3, which is perceptibly longer than fourth. Pronotum strongly transverse, lateral margins straight and somewhat widened posteriorly, postero-lateral angles rounded, posterior margin convex; median longitudinal furrow present. Tegmina of Chelidura-type, rudimentary. Abdomen narrowed basally, and expanded apically; wide, lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct, but small. Ultimate tergite strongly transverse, about two and a half times wider than long; median part depressed, lateral parts with large, broad, rounded pegs. Forceps (Fig. 678) more or less cylindrical in cross-section, branches with a long straight section, then slightly incurved, apex acute; in a lateral view (Fig. 679) forceps insignificantly curved vertically. Genitalia (Fig. 680) highly characteristic; central parameral plate comparatively wide, thick; genital lobe wide and long, anterior margin transverse. Virga within genital lobe long, longer than in all of its congeners, basal vesicle specific, as in Fig. 680, an adjacent sclerotized plate of characteristic shape. External parameres towards its anterior margin wide and thick, especially basally incrassate, weakly but visibly incurving. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 19 mm. Distribution: Afghanistan.

Fig. 678 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Chelidura nuristanica STEINMANN. After

Fig. 679 Male abdominal end with forceps of Chelidura nuristanica STEINMANN in lateral view.

STEINMANN.

After STEINMANN.

Fig. 680 Holotype genital armature of Chelidura nuristanica STEINMANN. After STEINMANN.

427 13. Chelidura przewalskii

(SEMENOV)

comb. nov.

1908 Burriola przewalskii SEMENOV, Ent. Obozr., Moscow, 1908: 160. - Terra typica: Tibet (Type male: Zool. Inst. Mus. Acad. Sci. U R S S , Leningrad). 1911 Burriola przewalskii-BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 70; pi. 6, fig. 19 (male in dorsal view). 1934 Burriola przhewalskii (misprint) - BEY-BIENKO, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (10) 13: 410, fig. 6 (male genitalia). 1936 Anechura (Burriola) przewalskii - BEY-BIENKO, Faune de l'URSS, Dermaptera: 182; fig. 60 (male genitalia). 1968 Anechura przewalskii - POPHAM & BRINDLE, Entomologist, London, 1 0 1 : 199. Literature: SAKAI, 1973, 1982; SEMENOV & BEY-BIENKO, 1935; STEINMANN, 1975; W u , 1935.

Description: Male general colour dark brownish-red to black, sometimes the pronotum is light brown or yellow. Head longer than wide, tumid, smooth, postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct, posterior margin concave in the middle. Eyes typical, very small, significantly shorter then the length of head behind eyes. Antennae 12-jointed (after SEMENOV); first joint small, shorter than distance between antennal bases, and shorter than second and third joints combined; second transverse or quadrate, third somewhat longer than fourth, cylindrical or subcylindrical. Pronotum transverse, anterior margin straight, lateral margins more or less parallel, with postero-lateral angles rounded, posterior margin convex; median longitudinal furrow present. Tegmina of Chelidura-type, rudimentary. Basal joint of tarsus long, considerably longer than joint 2 and about one and a half times longer than joint 3. Abdomen fusiform, somewhat widened medially, lateral margins of tergites convex in superior view; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 large. Ultimate tergite transverse, simple,

Fig. 681 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Chelidura przewalskii (SEMENOV). After BURR.

Fig. 682 Male genital armature of Chelidura przewalskii (SEMENOV). Original.

428 smooth, median part somewhat depressed near posterior margin, and the disc with a pair of pegs near the roots of the forceps. Pygidium small and rounded. Forceps (Fig. 681) simple, somewhat undulate horizontally and vertically, branches unarmed. Genitalia (Fig. 682, gen.prep. No. 544, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) characteristic; central parameral plate oval, expanded medially, virga within genital lobe long, with specific basal vesicle; external parameres comparatively narrow and long. - Female very similar to male, but forceps simple, straight. - Length of body with forceps, male: 17-20 mm, female: 17-18 mm. Distribution: China: Tibet. 14. Chelidura tibetana (SEMENOV & BEY-BIENKO) comb. nov. Anechura tibetana SEMENOV & BEY-BIENKO, EOS, Madrid, 10: 2 2 5 . - Terra typica: Tibet (Type male: Zool. Inst. Mus. Acad. Sci. URSS, Leningrad). 1936 Anechura (Burriola) tibetana - BEY-BIENKO, Faunede l'URSS, Dermaptera: 181; fig. 57 (male ultimate tergite with forceps) (Tibet, and Hiang-Ho Basin). 1 9 6 8 Anechura tibetana - POPHAM & BRINDLE, Entomologist, London, 101: 199. 1935

Literature: SAKAI, 1973, 1982; STEINMANN, 1 9 7 5 .

Description: Male general colour dark brownish-black, sometimes reddishblack. Head large, tumid, smooth, somewhat longer than wide, lateral-posterior angles rounded; postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct, posterior margin concave in the middle. Eyes typical, very small, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint small, shorter than distance between antennal bases; second quadrate, the rest typical, cylindrical. Pronotum transverse,

Fig. 683 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Chelidura tibetana (SEMENOV & BEY-BIENKO). Original.

Fig. 684 Male genital armature of Chelidura tibetana (SEMENOV & BEY-BIENKO). Original.

429 anterior margin truncate, lateral margins more or less straight but gently expanded posteriorly, last margin convex; median longitudinal furrow distinct. Tegmina of Chelidura-type, rudimentary. Abdomen somewhat depressed, lateral margins convex in superior view, lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct. Ultimate tergite transverse, simple, smooth. Pygidium small, rounded posteriorly. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 683) simple, undulate in superior view, a little depressed, and unarmed. Genitalia (Fig. 684) large, well developed; central parameral plate broad, widened apically, virga within genital lobe long, with specific basal vesicle; external parameres comparatively broad and short, broadly rounded at tips. - Female unknown for me. - Length of body with forceps: 16 mm. Distribution: China: Tibet. 15. Chelidura mutica

KRAUSS

1886 Chelidura mutica KRAUSS, Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges., Wien, 36: 140; pi. 5, fig. 2 (male in dorsal view), 2 a (female forceps). - Terra typica: Tirol (Type male: Naturhist. Mus., Wien). 1904 Chelidurella mutica - KIRBY, Syn. Cat. orth., 1: 43. 1918 Chelidurella nutica - CRAVERO, Boll. Musei Zool. Anat. comp. R. Univ., Torino, 33 (730): 3; fig. 1 (male genitalia) (North Italy). 1933 Chelidurella acanthopygia mutica - MACCAGNO, Boll. Mus. Zool. Ant. comp. R. Univ., Torino, 4 3 (40): 279. 1977 Chelidurella mutica - STEINMANN, Acta zool. hung., 23: 211; fig. 31 (male genitalia, gen.prep. N o . 565, det. Dr. H . STEINMANN) (Alps).

1981 Chelidurella mutica - STEINMANN, Atti Soc. ital. Sci. nat. Museo civ. Stor. nat. Milano, 122 (3-4): 165; fig. 14 (male genitalia, gen.prep. No. 618, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) (Italy). Literature: BORMANS & KRAUSS, 1900; BURR, 1911; BEY-BIENKO, 1936; SAKAI, 1973, 1982; STEINMANN, 1 9 7 4 .

Description: Male general colour light yellowish-brown, head somewhat yellowish-orange, lateral margins of pronotum yellow, legs light brown. Head large, broad, smooth, tumid; postfrontal and coronal sutures faintly visible, posterior margin somewhat emarginate in the middle. Eyes typical, very small, essentially shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae 13-jointed; first joint small, shorter than distance between antennal bases; second quadrate, third perceptibly longer than fourth. Pronotum transverse, anterior margin concave, lateral margins straight, and more or less parallel, posterior margin convex; median longitudinal furrow indistinct. Tegmina of Chelidura-type. Abdomen short and broad, convex in superior view, lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct. Ultimate tergite very transverse, somewhat depressed medially near posterior margin. Pygidium broadly rounded posteriorly. Forceps (Fig. 685) strongly arcuate, branches more or less cylindrical in cross-section, inner and dorsal surface without tooth or tubercle. Genitalia (Fig. 686) narrow and elongate; central parameral plate medium developed, virga within genital lobe very long, basal vesicle as in Fig. 686; external parameres fully developed, and finely curved. - Female very similar to male, but forceps (Fig. 687) short, more or

430

Fig. 685 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Chelidura mutica KRAUSS.

Fig. 686 Male genital armature of Chelidura mutica KRAUSS. After

A f t e r KRAUSS.

STEINMANN.

Fig. 687 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Chelidura mutica KRAUSS. Original.

less straight, and branches depressed basally and medially. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 10-13 mm. Distribution: Alps. 16. Chelidura pyrenaica

(BONELLI)

1832 Forficulapyrenaica BONELLI, in GENE, Saggio Monogr. Forf.: 1 5 . - T e r r a typica: Pyrennes (Type undesignated). 1838 Forficula dilatata BURMEISTER, (in LAFRESNAYE'S, MS), H a n d b . Ent., 2: 755. - Terra typica and type unknown. 1900 Chelidura pyrenaica - BORMANS & KRAUSS, Das Tierreich, Berlin, 11: 108. 1900 Forficula dilatata - BORMANS & KRAUSS, Das Tierreich, Berlin, 11:108 [as synonym of pyrenaica ('BONELLI, 1832)]. 1976 Chelidura pyrenaica - HARZ & KALTENBACH, Die Orthopteren Europas, 3: 73; figs 1 9 0 - 1 9 5 (pronotum, tegmina, epiproct, male forceps in dorsal and lateral view, and male genitalia). 1977 Chelidura pyrenaica - STEINMANN, Acta zool. hung., 23: 209; fig. 26 (male genitalia, gen.prep. N o . 5 5 2 , d e t . D r . H . STEINMANN).

Literature: BOESEMAN, 1 9 5 4 ; BURR, 1 9 0 7 , 1911; CHOPARD, 1 9 2 2 ; BORELLI, 1 9 2 6 ; KIRBY, 1904; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 7 4 .

Description: Male general colour dark brownish-black, sometimes reddishbrown; lateral margins of pronotum yellowish, and legs brownish. Head large, broad, tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct, posterior margin concave. Eyes small, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint short, strongly narrowed basally, and widened apically; shorter than

431 distance between antennal bases; second quadrate, third longer than fourth. Pronotum strongly transverse, lateral margins straight, widened posteriorly, posterior margin convex; median longitudinal furrow present. Tegmina of Chelidura-type. Abdomen dilated apically, lateral margins of tergites faintly convex; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct. Ultimate tergite very transverse, the plate depressed medially near posterior margin. Pygidium transverse, posterior margin more or less straight or faintly concave, posterolateral angles ornamented with smaller tubercles. Forceps (Fig. 688) arcuate or sometimes strongly curved; branches somewhat trigonal in cross-section basally, cylindrical medially and apically. Genitalia (Fig. 689, gen.prep. No. 524, det. Dr. H . STEINMANN) large; central parameral plate comparatively short and broad, somewhat expanded medially, virga within genital lobe long, with specific basal vesicle; external parameres well developed, with apices obtuse. - Female similar to male, but pygidium smaller, and forceps (Fig. 690) short, depressed, simple. Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 18-25 mm. Distribution: The Pyrenees (to? Alps).

Fig. 688 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Chelidura pyrenaica (BONELLI). Original.

Fig. 689 Male genital armature of Chelidura pyrenaica (BONELLI). Original.

17. Chelidura transsilvanica

(EBNER)

Fig. 690 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Chelidura pyrenaica (BONELLI). Original.

comb. nov.

1932 Chelidurella transsilvanica EBNER, Wiener ent. Z . , 4 9 : 16; figs (male ultimate tergite with forceps, and female forceps). - Terra typica: Roumania (Type male: Mus. Sibiu, RPR). 1936 Chelidurella transsilvanica - BEY-BIENKO, Faune de l'URSS, Dermaptera: 193;fig.63 (male in dorsal view).

432 1974 Chelidurella transsylvanica (misprint) -STEINMANN, Fauna Hung., 118: 33; fig. 22A (pronotum, and tegmina), 22 B (male forceps), 22 C (male genitalia), 22 D (female forceps). 1977 Chelidurella transsylvanica (misprint) - STEINMANN, Acta zool. hung., 23: 211; fig. 32 (male genitalia, gen.prep. No. 287, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) (Roumania and URSS: Ukraina). Literature: BAZYLUK, 1 9 5 6 ; HARZ & KALTENBACH, 1976; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1969; SAKAI, 1973, 1982; STEINMANN, 1983.

Description: Male general colour dark reddish-brown; antennae brown, legs yellowish-brown. Head large, tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures distinct, posterior margin concave in the middle. Eyes prominent, but small, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae 13-jointed; first joint comparatively long, but faintly shorter than distance between antennal bases; second quadrate, the rest typical, cylindrical or subcylindrical. Pronotum strongly transverse, anterior margin straight, truncate, lateral margins more or less parallel, posterior margin transverse; median longitudinal furrow distinct. Tegmina of Cheliduratype. Abdomen broad, large, widened medially; abdominal tergites 1 - 5 and ultimate tergite smooth, tergites 6 - 9 punctured; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct. Ultimate tergite strongly transverse, simple. Pygidium very broad, posterior margin convex, with larger or smaller lateral tubercles. Forceps (Fig. 691) somewhat widened basally, cylindrical in cross-section medially and apically; branches strongly curved, and unarmed. Genitalia (Fig. 692) characteristic, external parameres with especially elongated apices. Yirga within genital lobe long, contour of basal vesicle uneven, characteristically twisted, very easily recognizable. - Female similar to male, but forceps (Fig. 693) simple, unarmed. Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 16-18 mm. Distribution: Roumania, and USSSR: Ukraina, Yugoslavia: Banat.

Fig. 691 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Chelidura transsilvanica

Fig. 692 Male genital armature of Chelidura transsilvanica (EBNER). After

(EBNER). A f t e r STEINMANN.

STEINMANN.

Fig. 693 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Chelidura transsilvanica (EBNER). Original.

433 Genus 44: Eumegalura

BEY-BIENKO

1934 Eumegalura BEY-BIENKO, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (10) 13: 412. - Species typica: Eumegalura mandarina BEY-BIENKO, 1934.

Literature:

BEY-BIENKO,

1 9 3 6 ; POPHAM,

1 9 6 5 ; POPHAM &

BRINDLE,

1 9 6 8 ; SAKAI,

1973,

1982;

SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 7 5 , TOWNES, 1 9 4 5 .

Description: Similar to Chelidura LATREILLE, but differing from it in the extremely long male pygidium. Head large, broad; antennal joints cylindrical, third and fifth equal in length. Pronotum transverse, half as wide again as long. Tegmina rudimentary, of Chelidura-type, with oblique rounded posterior margins. Mesosternum transverse, about half as wide again as long, with rounded posterior margin; metasternum very broad, with submarginate posterior margin. Abdomen feebly widened to the sixth segment. Pygidium cuneiform, strongly elongated, conspicuous. Forceps long, regularly narrowed to the apex. Distribution: China. Single species. 1. Eumegalura mandarina BEY-BIENKO 1934 Eumegalura mandarina BEY-BIENKO, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (10) 13: 413; fig. 7 (male in dorsal view). - Terra typica: China: Szechwan (Type male: Zool. Inst. Mus. Acad. Sci. URSS, Leningrad).

Literature:

BEY-BIENKO,

1 9 3 6 ; POPHAM,

1 9 6 5 ; POPHAM &

BRINDLE,

1968;

SAKAI,

1973,

1982;

SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 7 5 .

Description: Male general colour dark reddish-brown; antennae uniformly dirty brown; basal half of the abdomen and the base of the pygidium blackened. Head large, broad, frons tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures distinct, posterior margin concave. Eyes small, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint strongly narrowed basally, widened apically, shorter

Fig. 694 Holotype ultimate tergite with forceps of Eumegalura mandarina BEY-BIENKO.

434 than distance between antennal bases; second transverse, third longer than fourth. Pronotum transverse, lateral margins somewhat widened posteriorly, feebly rounded; posterior margin broadly rounded, forming practically no angle with lateral margins, roundly connected with the latter. Tegmina rudimentary; wings entirely absent. Abdomen somewhat depressed, lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct. Ultimate tergite very broad and short, about four times as wide as long, with two small obtuse tubercles over the roots of the forceps; middle part with a short longitudinal sulcus before the posterior margin, in a feeble median depression. Pygidium cuneiform, strongly elongated (Fig. 694), onethird as long as the forceps and of the same length as the middle femora, very broad at the base and strongly narrowed at the apex, somewhat broadened and practically truncate on the apical extremity, dorsal surface sloping; lateral margins broadly concave. Forceps (Fig. 694) long, undulate in superior view; branches with a broad projection, rectangular and rounded on the apex, placed on the base of the iner upper surface, not forming a separated tooth. Genitalia unknown. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 16,5 mm. Distribution: China: Szechwan. Genus

45:

Perirrhytus

BURR

1911 Perirrhytus BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 72. - Species typica: Forficula edentula WOLLASTON, 1 8 5 8 .

1938 Perirrhytus - HINCKS, Ark. Zool., Uppsala, 30B (12): 3 (key to species). L i t e r a t u r e : POPHAM, 1 9 6 5 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 7 7 ; TOWNES, 1945.

Description: This genus was rather poorly characterised by BURR in 1 9 1 1 , and placed in the subfamily Anechurinae. Tegmina abbreviated and associated with a longer section medially, not keeled laterally. Abdomen depressed, moderately dilated about the middle and gently narrowed apically. Pygidium present, generally prominent, but small, more or less quadrate. Male forceps cylindrical, dilated or not dilated at base, completely unarmed or upper inner margin produced into conical tooth. Distribution: Madeira. 3 species. Identification key to the species 1

Male forceps cylindrical, not dilated basad, completely unarmed (Fig. 695); posterior margin of dorsal part of the male pygidium with a smaller, but prominent, tubercle; male genitalia comparatively broad medially, and external parameres moderately short (Fig. 696) 1. Perirrhytus edentulus, p. 435 1' Male forceps dilated at base, branches more or less trigonal in cross-section basally with sharp dorsal edge 2 2 Male forceps with conical inner and dorsal teeth basally near pygidium (Fig. 698); male pygidium characteristic, with rounded dorsal part, and flattened ventral part, which is ornamented with two pairs of tubercles 2. Perirrhytus madeirensis, p. 436

434 than distance between antennal bases; second transverse, third longer than fourth. Pronotum transverse, lateral margins somewhat widened posteriorly, feebly rounded; posterior margin broadly rounded, forming practically no angle with lateral margins, roundly connected with the latter. Tegmina rudimentary; wings entirely absent. Abdomen somewhat depressed, lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct. Ultimate tergite very broad and short, about four times as wide as long, with two small obtuse tubercles over the roots of the forceps; middle part with a short longitudinal sulcus before the posterior margin, in a feeble median depression. Pygidium cuneiform, strongly elongated (Fig. 694), onethird as long as the forceps and of the same length as the middle femora, very broad at the base and strongly narrowed at the apex, somewhat broadened and practically truncate on the apical extremity, dorsal surface sloping; lateral margins broadly concave. Forceps (Fig. 694) long, undulate in superior view; branches with a broad projection, rectangular and rounded on the apex, placed on the base of the iner upper surface, not forming a separated tooth. Genitalia unknown. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 16,5 mm. Distribution: China: Szechwan. Genus

45:

Perirrhytus

BURR

1911 Perirrhytus BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 72. - Species typica: Forficula edentula WOLLASTON, 1 8 5 8 .

1938 Perirrhytus - HINCKS, Ark. Zool., Uppsala, 30B (12): 3 (key to species). L i t e r a t u r e : POPHAM, 1 9 6 5 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 7 7 ; TOWNES, 1945.

Description: This genus was rather poorly characterised by BURR in 1 9 1 1 , and placed in the subfamily Anechurinae. Tegmina abbreviated and associated with a longer section medially, not keeled laterally. Abdomen depressed, moderately dilated about the middle and gently narrowed apically. Pygidium present, generally prominent, but small, more or less quadrate. Male forceps cylindrical, dilated or not dilated at base, completely unarmed or upper inner margin produced into conical tooth. Distribution: Madeira. 3 species. Identification key to the species 1

Male forceps cylindrical, not dilated basad, completely unarmed (Fig. 695); posterior margin of dorsal part of the male pygidium with a smaller, but prominent, tubercle; male genitalia comparatively broad medially, and external parameres moderately short (Fig. 696) 1. Perirrhytus edentulus, p. 435 1' Male forceps dilated at base, branches more or less trigonal in cross-section basally with sharp dorsal edge 2 2 Male forceps with conical inner and dorsal teeth basally near pygidium (Fig. 698); male pygidium characteristic, with rounded dorsal part, and flattened ventral part, which is ornamented with two pairs of tubercles 2. Perirrhytus madeirensis, p. 436

435 2' Male forceps without inner and dorsal teeth basally (Fig. 701); male pygidium simple, somewhat wider than long, posterior margin straight, but with a smaller lateral tubercle 3. Perirrhytus lundbladi, p. 437 1.

Perirrhytus edentulus

(WOLLASTON)

1858 Forficula edentula WOLLASTON, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (3) 1: 20. - Terra typica: Madeira (Type female: unknown locality). 1878 Chelidura edentula - DUBRONY, Ann. Mus. civ. Stor. nat. Genova, 12: 443. 1906 Pseudocheliduraedentula-BoRELLi, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. R. Univ., Torino, 21 (520):2. 1911 Perirrhytus edentulus - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 72; pi. 6, fig. 15 (pronotum, and tegmina). 1938 Perirrhytus edentulus - HINCKS, Ark. Zool., Uppsala, 3 0 B (12): 4; fig. 1 (male genitalia), 2 (pygidium). 1969 Perirrhytus edentulus - BRINDLE, Bolm Mus. munic. Funchal, 23:11; fig. 1 (male in dorsal view), 2 (female forceps). L i t e r a t u r e : BORMANS & KRAUSS, 1 9 0 0 ; C H O P A R D , 1 9 3 8 ; HINCKS, 1 9 6 1 ; S A K A I , 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; STEINMANN, 1977.

Description: Male head ferrugineous behind, darker in front; pronotum, except median line and borders, tegmina and abdominal tergites, olive brown to ferrugineous. Abdomen strongly punctate. Head large, broad, frons somewhat tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct, posterior margin concave in the middle. Eyes small, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint broad, and a little shorter than distance between antennal bases;

Fig. 695 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Perirrhytus edentulus (WOLLASTON). After BRINDLE.

Fig. 696 Male genital armature of Perirrhytus edentulus (WOLLASTON). A f t e r HINCKS.

Fig. 697 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Perirrhytus edentulus (WOLLASTON). Original.

436 second quadrate, third longer than fourth. Pronotum about as long as wide; anterior margin truncate, lateral margins straight and widened posteriorly, posterior margin convex; median longitudinal furrow distinct. Tegmina abbreviated, posterior margins obliquely truncate. Wings absent. Abdomen fusiform; lateral glandular folds present on tergites 3 - 4 . Ultimate tergite transverse, smooth, simple. Pygidium specific, with dorsal and ventral sections, posterior margin of dorsal part with a small median tubercle; ventral part broad, with posterior margin concave. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 695) simple, cylindrical, not dilated basad; inner margins unarmed, dorsal surface without edge. Genitalia (Fig. 696) comparatively wide; central parameral plate expanded medially, virga within genital lobe medium developed, with sclerotized basal vesicle; external parameres moderately short. - Female very similar to male in external characteristic, but forceps (Fig. 697) simple, straight. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 15-20 mm. Distribution: Madeira. 2. Perirrhytus madeirensis (BORELLI) 1908 Pseudochelidura madeirensis BORELLI, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. R. Univ., Torino, 23 (582): 1; fig. 1 (male in dorsal view). - Terra typica: Madeira (Type male: Mus. 1st. Zool. sist. Univ., Torino). 1911 Perirrhytus madeirensis - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 72. 1938 Perirrhytus madeirensis - HINCKS, Ark. Zool., Uppsala, 30B (12): 5; fig. 3 (male genitalia), 4 (pygidium). L i t e r a t u r e : CHOPARD, 1 9 3 8 ; BRINDLE, 1 9 6 9 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1982; STEINMANN, 1 9 7 7 .

Description: Male head and abdominal tergites ferruginous; antennae, pronotum and tegmina lighter; surface shiny, less strongly punctate. Head medium developed, about as wide as pronotum, frons somewhat tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct, posterior margin emarginate in the middle. Eyes normally developed, but shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint somewhat shorter than distance between antennal bases; second and the rest typical. Pronotum more or less quadrate; anterior margin truncate, lateral margins straight, and somewhat widened posteriorly; posterior margin convex; median longitudinal furrow distinct. Tegmina abbreviated, posterior margins obliquely truncate. Wings entirely absent. Abdomen elongate, fusiform, somewhat narrowed basally and apically; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 small. Ultimate tergite transverse, simple, somewhat depressed medially near posterior margin. Pygidium with dorsal and ventral sections, the dorsal part rounded posteriorly, the ventral one ornamented by two pairs of tubercles laterally. Forceps (Fig. 698) with branches trigonal in cross-section basally, cylindrical medially and apically; inner margins of basal section with a conical ventral, and a trigonal dorsal, tubercle. Genitalia (Fig. 699) large; central parameral plate comparatively short, and the external parameres comparatively long, virga within genital lobe moderately long with specific basal vesicle. -

437

Fig. 698 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Perirrhytus madeirensis

Fig. 699 Male genitalia of Perirrhytus madeirensis (BORELLI). After HINCKS.

(BORELLI). O r i g i n a i .

Fig. 700 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Perirrhytus madeirensis (BORELLI). O r i g i n a i .

Female very similar to male, but pygidium smaller, and forceps (Fig. 700) straight, tapering, simple. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 20-22 mm. Distribution: Madeira. 3.

Perirrhytus lundbladi

HINCKS

1938 Perirrhytus lundbladi HINCKS, Ark. Zool., Uppsala, 30B (12): 5; fig. 5 (genitalia of holotype), 6 (pygidium). - Terra typica: Madeira (Type male: Naturhist. Riksmus., Stockholm). Literature: BRINDLE, 1969; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1968; SAKAI, 1973, 1982; STEINMANN, 1977.

Description: Male head dark brown, antennae yellowish, pronotum sepia brown, median line and lateral margins lighter, tegmina and abdominal tergites brown, legs and forceps light brown. Head broad, a little longer than wide, frons faintly tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures present, posterior margin concave in the middle. Eyes small, not prominent, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae 13-jointed; first joint stout, somewhat shorter than distance between antennal bases, the rest typical. Pronotum about as long as wide, truncate cephalad, convex caudad; sides subparallel, very slightly narrowed anteriorly; surface, particularly depressed areas, with distinct irregular punctures. Tegmina abbreviated, posterior margins obliquely truncate. Abdomen more or less parallel-sided, rather strongly punctured, shiny; lateral glandular

438 folds on tergites 3 - 4 small. Ultimate tergite transverse, subrectangular, strongly punctured except in two basal median patches and in two lateral ones; subtuberculate on apical margin above base of forceps with strongly punctate depression between. Pygidium small, outer angles only moderately prominent. Forceps (Fig. 701) long and slender, gently arcuate distad, dilated for a short distance basad; dorsal surface with durved keel, corresponding lower margins usually with small sharp tooth, which may sometimes be absent, or very minute. Genitalia (Fig. 702) very narrow, central parameral plate comparatively short, external parameres elongate; virga within genital lobe short, basal vesicle prominent. - Female very similar to male; body less parallel-sided, forceps more or less straight, with apex abruptly arcuate. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 17-18 mm. Distribution: Madeira.

Fig. 701 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Perirrhytus lundbladi HINCKS. After BRINDLE.

Genus 1902

Pseudochelidura sinuata

VERHOEFF,

46:

Fig. 702 Holotype genital armature of Perirrhytus lundbladi HINCKS. After HINCKS.

Pseudochelidura

Zool. Anz., Leipzig, 25

VERHOEFF (665): 186.

- Species typica: Forficula

LAFRESNAYE, 1824.

1933 Pseudochelidura - MACCAGNO, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. R. Univ., Torino, 43 (40): 282 (transferrence to subfamily Forficulinae). 1965 Pseudochelidura - POPHAM, Entomologist, London, 98: 135 (in subfamily Anechurinae). 1 9 7 6 Pseudochelidura - H A R Z & KALTENBACH, Die Orthopteren Europas, 3: 9 6 (in subfamily Forficulinae). 1977 Pseudochelidura - STEINMANN, Acta zool. hung., 23: 202 (in subfamily Anechurinae).

Literature:

BURR, 1 9 0 7 , 1 9 1 1 ; KIRBY, 1 9 0 4 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 7 5 ,

1981.

438 folds on tergites 3 - 4 small. Ultimate tergite transverse, subrectangular, strongly punctured except in two basal median patches and in two lateral ones; subtuberculate on apical margin above base of forceps with strongly punctate depression between. Pygidium small, outer angles only moderately prominent. Forceps (Fig. 701) long and slender, gently arcuate distad, dilated for a short distance basad; dorsal surface with durved keel, corresponding lower margins usually with small sharp tooth, which may sometimes be absent, or very minute. Genitalia (Fig. 702) very narrow, central parameral plate comparatively short, external parameres elongate; virga within genital lobe short, basal vesicle prominent. - Female very similar to male; body less parallel-sided, forceps more or less straight, with apex abruptly arcuate. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 17-18 mm. Distribution: Madeira.

Fig. 701 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Perirrhytus lundbladi HINCKS. After BRINDLE.

Genus 1902

Pseudochelidura sinuata

VERHOEFF,

46:

Fig. 702 Holotype genital armature of Perirrhytus lundbladi HINCKS. After HINCKS.

Pseudochelidura

Zool. Anz., Leipzig, 25

VERHOEFF (665): 186.

- Species typica: Forficula

LAFRESNAYE, 1824.

1933 Pseudochelidura - MACCAGNO, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. R. Univ., Torino, 43 (40): 282 (transferrence to subfamily Forficulinae). 1965 Pseudochelidura - POPHAM, Entomologist, London, 98: 135 (in subfamily Anechurinae). 1 9 7 6 Pseudochelidura - H A R Z & KALTENBACH, Die Orthopteren Europas, 3: 9 6 (in subfamily Forficulinae). 1977 Pseudochelidura - STEINMANN, Acta zool. hung., 23: 202 (in subfamily Anechurinae).

Literature:

BURR, 1 9 0 7 , 1 9 1 1 ; KIRBY, 1 9 0 4 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 7 5 ,

1981.

439 Description: Head globose, postfrontal and coronal sutures generally indistinct. Pronotum square. Tegmina abbreviated, posterior margin more or less obliquely truncate. Wings entirely absent. Abdomen somewhat depressed, fusiform. Posterior margin of male ultimate tergite with or without trigonal, large, flattened lobe medially. Male forceps arcuate, dorsal or inner margins with smaller or larger tooth or tubercle. Male genitalia with well or fully developed external parameres. Distribution: Southern Europe (and Krim?) 4 species. Identification key to the species 1

Inner margins of male forceps with a large-sized tooth each, facing each other, with their apices turned slightly posteriored, an other pair on dorsal surface of forceps (Fig. 703) 1. Pseudochelidura sinuata, p. 439 1 ' Inner margins of male forceps with a large-sized tooth or a very small tubercle each; forceps relatively short, robust, beyond basal section not, or at most very slightly, inclinate 2 2 Posterior margin of male ultimate tergite with a lamelliform projection protruding between base of forceps (Fig. 706), completely concealing low, short pygidium in superior view 2. Pseudochelidura minor, p. 440 2' N o lamelliform plate projecting between base of male forceps on posterior margin of the ultimate tergite 3 3 Male pygidium between branches of forceps transverse; large-sized tooth on inner margin of male forceps (Fig. 709) situated dorsally 3. Pseudochelidura montuosa, p. 442 3' Male pygidium between branches of forceps triangular; large-sized tooth on inner margin of male forceps (Fig. 711) situated ventrally 4. Pseudochelidura orsinii, p. 443

1. Pseudochelidura sinuata

(LAFRESNAYE)

1828 Forficula sinuata LAFRESNAYE, in GERMAR, F a u n a Ins. Eur., 1 1 : 1 6 . - Terra typica: France (Type male: Brit. Mus. nat. Hist., London). 1846 Chelidura sinuata - FISCHER, Orth. Ross.: 48. 1846 Chelidura vittigera FISCHER, Orth. Ross.: 48. - Terra typica: unknwon (Type unknown locality). 1900 Chelidura sinuata - BORMANS & KRAUSS, Das Tierreich, Berlin, 11:106 (Pyrennes, and Krim). 1902 Pseudochelidura sinuata - VERHOEFF, Zool. Anz., Leipzig, 25 (665): 187. 1905 Chelidura sinuata var. opithogona BORELLI, J. Jeunes Nat., (4) 35: 412. 1911 Pseudochelidura sinuata - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 73; pi. 6, fig. 20 (male in dorsal view), 2 0 a (pronotum, and tegmina), 2 0 b (thoracal sterna). 1977 Pseudochelidura sinuata - STEINMANN, Acta zool. hung., 23:202; fig. 5 (male genitalia, gen.prep. N o . 3 9 7 , d e t . D r . H . STEINMANN). Literature: BORELLI, 1926; BURR, 1912; CHOPARD, 1922; DUBRONY, 1878; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 ; SAKAI, 1973, 1982.

Description: Male general colour dark reddish-brown, antennae light brown, legs yellowish-brown, sometimes darker. Head very broad, large, frons tumid; postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct, posterior margin somewhat concave in the middle. Eyes small, essentially shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint short, shorter than distance between antennal bases; second transverse, third narrow, and longer than fourth. Pronotum somewhat wider than long, anterior margin truncate, lateral margins straight, subparallel,

440 posterior margin broadly convex; median longitudinal furrow present; the plate sometimes with lateral margins yellowish. Tegmina abbreviated, short, posterior margins obliquely truncate. Abdomen with lateral margins subparallel in superior view, lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct, but small. Ultimate tergite transverse, dorsal surface with a pair, flattened angles posteriorly, near last margin. Pygidium small, rounded posteriorly. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 703) characteristic, strongly trigonal in cross-section basally, the dorsal edge with a large, triangular tooth, the dorsal tooth directed inwards, with another ventral tooth, which is directed backwards. Genitalia (Fig. 704) narrow and long. Apical portion of penis, together with its narrow and long external parameres, quite distinct from body of penis, i. e. central parameral plate. Genital lobe insignificant, virga of Forficula-type, basal vesicle arcuately beyond a considerably swollen section. - Female very similar to male, but ultimate tergite simple, and forceps (Fig. 705) straight, contiguous, tapering. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 13-17 mm. Distribution: The Pyrenees, and ? the Krim.

Fig. 703 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Pseudochelidura sinuata (LAFRESNAYE). Original.

Fig. 704 Male genital armature of Pseudochelidura sinuata (LAFRESNAYE). After STEINMANN.

2. 1839

Pseudochelidura minor

Fig. 705 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Pseudochelidura sinuata (LAFRESNAYE). Original.

STEINMANN

Forficula dufourii SERVILLE (nec DESMAREST, 1 8 2 0 ) , Hist. nat. Ins. Orth., Paris: typica: France (Type male: LATREILLE'S Collection).

49.

- Terra

441 1867 Chelidura dufouri - DOHRN, Stettiner ent. Ztg. 28: 342. 1878 Chelidura sinuata var. dufourii - DUBRONY, Ann. Mus. civ. Stor. nat. Genova, 12:438; figs (male in dorsal view, male forceps in lateral view). 1900 Forficula (Chelidoura) dufourii - BORMANS & KRAUSS, Das Tierreich, Berlin, 11:107 [proposed synonymy with sinuata (LAFRESNAYE, 1839)]. 1911 Chelidoura dufourii - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 73 [as synonym of sinuata (LAFRESNAYE, 1839)].

1979 Pseudochelidura minor STEINMANN, Folia ent. hung., 32: 167; fig. 30 (male ultimate tergite with forceps), 31 (male genitalia, gen.prep. No. 412, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) [new name for Forficula dufourii SER VILLE, 1839, a junior secundary homonymy of Forficula dufourii DESMAREST, 1820-> Naia Hvidipes (DUFOUR, 1820)]. 1984 Pseudochelidura dufouri - ALBONA, Ent. gall., 1 (3): 177. 1984 Pseudochelidura minor - STEINMANN, Acta zool. hung., 30: 203 (France, Spain). L i t e r a t u r e : SAKAI, 1 9 8 2 ; STEINMANN, 1983.

Description: Male general colour dark reddish-brown to brownish-black; posterior part of head, sometimes anterior portion of pronotum, and legs reddish; body shiny, cuticle punctured. Head large, somewhat tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures faintly marked, posterior margin concave in the middle. Eyes small, significantly smaller than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint small, shorter than distance between antennal bases; second and the rest typical, cylindrical or subcylindrical. Pronotum transverse, anterior

Fig. 706 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Pseudochelidura minor STEINMANN. After STEINMANN.

Fig. 707 Male genital armature of Pseudochelidura minor STEINMANN. After STEINMANN.

Fig. 708 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Pseudochelidura minor STEINMANN. Original.

442 margin truncate, lateral margins with posterior margin convex, postero-lateral angles broadly rounded; median longitudinal furrow indistinct. Tegmina abbreviated, posterior margin obliquely truncate. Abdomen elongated, lateral margins more or less parallel or a little convex; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 indistinct, very small. Ultimate tergite characteristic, posterior margin strongly elongated, and in a superior view projecting deeply between forceps (Fig. 706). Both branches of forceps comparatively short, strong, thick, the inner margins with a large-sized robust tooth, apically nearly touching. Genitalia (Fig. 707) specific; central parameral plate typical, but medially conspicuously widened, then attenuating at the line of articulation of external parameres. Genital lobe at rest considerably projecting beyond median line of external parameres. Virga within genital lobe short and thick, its basal vesicle of forficuloid-type, but in contrast to that of orsinii (GENE), and sinuata (LAFRESNAYE), bearing also a supplementary sack. - Female similar to male, but ultimate tergite normally developed, simple, transverse, and forceps (Fig. 708) short, straight, simple. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 9 - 1 2 mm. Distribution: France, Andorra, and Spain. 3.

Pseudochelidura montuosa STEINMANN

1981 Pseudochelidura montuosa STEINMANN, Folia ent. hung., 42 ( 3 4 ) ; 189; fig. 3 5 (male ultimate tergite with forceps), 26 (genitalia of holotype). - Terra typica: Andorra (Type male, gen.prep. No. 718, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN: Zool. Mus., Kebenhavn). Literature: SAKAI, 1982.

Description: Male general colour yellowish-brown; head and abdominal tergites dark yellow, pronotum, and tegmina whitish. Head elongate, longer than wide, frons somewhat tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures deeply marked, posterior margin concave. Eyes normal, moderately small, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae 11-jointed; first joint long, longer than length of second and third combined; second quadrate, third small, about as long as fourth. Pronotum transverse, anterior margin truncate, lateral margins more or less parallel, posterior margin convex; median longitudinal furrow distinct in anterior section of disc. Tegmina very short, somewhat shorter than pronotum, posterior margins truncate. Wings absent. Abdomen broad, somewhat depressed, lateral glandular folds on third tergite small, those on fourth tergite larger. Ultimate tergite transverse, simple, posterior margin faintly trisinuate, the dorsal surface without pegs or tubercles. Pygidium broad, lateral margins concave, posterior margin convex, lateral-posterior angles with smaller tubercles. Forceps (Fig. 709) very broad, short, strongly curved, inner margins medially with a large-sized tooth; arms somewhat laminate basally, curved and cylindrical apically. Genitalia (Fig. 710) very specific; central parameral plate comparatively short and narrow, virga within genital lobe of Forfícula-type, basal vesicle of forficuloid-type but, in contrast to that of other Pseudochelidura

443

Fig. 709 Holotype ultimate tergite with forceps of Pseudochelidura montuosa

Fig. 710 Holotype genital armature of Pseudochelidura montuosa STEINMANN. After

STEINMANN. A f t e r STEINMANN.

STEINMANN.

species, also bearing a supplementary sack. External parameres very characteristic, fully developed, broad and curved apically. - Female similar to male, but a little darker, shiny; forceps simple, contiguous, tapering. - Length of body with forceps, male: 12 mm, female: 11.5 mm. Distribution: Andorra. 4.

Pseudochelidura orsinii

(GENE)

1833 Forficula orsinii GENE, Annali Sci. Lomb.-Venet., 3: 188. - Terra typica: Calabria (Type male: unknown locality). 1882 Chelidura orsinii - BRUNNER, Prod. Eur. Orth.: 23; pi. 1, fig. 6a (male in dorsal view). 1904 Pseudochelidura orsinii - KIRBY, Syn. Cat. Orth., 1: 54. 1911 Anechura orsinii - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 74. 1918 Pseudochelidura orsinii - CRARERO, Boll. Musei Zool. Anat. comp. R. Univ., Torino, 33 (730): 1; fig. 2 (male genitalia). 1 9 7 6 Pseudochelidura orsinii - H A R Z & KALTENBACH, Die Orthopteren Europas, 3: 9 7 ; fig. 3 0 7 (male in dorsal view), 308 (female froceps), 309 (male genitalia). 1977 Pseudochelidura orsinii - STEINMANN, Acta zool. hung., 23: 202; fig. 6 (male genitalia, gen.prep. No. 474, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) (Italy: Ligurien Alps, Apennines).

Literature:

BORMANS & KRAUSS, 1 9 0 0 ; GALVAGNI, 1 9 5 9 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 ,

1 9 8 2 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 8 1 .

Description: Male general colour dark reddish-brown, head and pronotum lighter, antennae brown. Head large, broad, faintly tumid; postfrontal and coronal sutures present, posterior margin concave in the middle. Eyes very small, significantly shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint small, shorter than distance between antennal bases, and equal in length to

444 second and third joints combined; second quadrate, third joint somewhat longer than fourth. Pronotum transverse, anterior margin truncate, lateral margins straight and somewhat widened posteriorly, posterior margin convex; median longitudinal furrow present. Tegmina abbreviate, posterior margins obliquely truncate. Abdomen with lateral margins faintly convex in superior view, lateral glandular folds present on tergites 3 - 4 . Ultimate tergite transverse, with deep depression medially near posterior margin. Pygidium more or less triangular, large, broad. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 711) strongly arcuate, undulate, more or less cylindrical in cross-section; inner margins with a large-sized tooth ventrally, which is directed inwards. Genitalia (Fig. 712) essentially differing from those of preceding species. External parameres robust and wide, on their apex thick, especially basally wide; however, size of genital lobe similar to that of sinuata (LAFRESNAYE). Virga within genital lobe comparatively long, basal vesicle of Forficula-type. - Female very similar to male, but forceps simple, straight, tapering, contiguous. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 11-16 mm. Distribution: Italy.

Fig. 711 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Pseudochelidura orsinii (GENE). Original.

Fig. 712 Male genital armature of Pseudochelidura orsinii (GENE). After STEINMANN.

Genus

47:

Mesasiobia

SEMENOV

1908 Mesasiobia SEMENOV, Ent. Obozr., Moscow, 1 9 0 8 : 163. - Species typica: Mesasiobia hemixanthocara SEMENOV, 1908. Literature: BEY-BIENKO, 1936; BURR, 1911; POPHAM, 1965; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1968; SAKAI, 1973, 1 9 8 2 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 7 5 , 1 9 7 7 ,

1989.

444 second and third joints combined; second quadrate, third joint somewhat longer than fourth. Pronotum transverse, anterior margin truncate, lateral margins straight and somewhat widened posteriorly, posterior margin convex; median longitudinal furrow present. Tegmina abbreviate, posterior margins obliquely truncate. Abdomen with lateral margins faintly convex in superior view, lateral glandular folds present on tergites 3 - 4 . Ultimate tergite transverse, with deep depression medially near posterior margin. Pygidium more or less triangular, large, broad. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 711) strongly arcuate, undulate, more or less cylindrical in cross-section; inner margins with a large-sized tooth ventrally, which is directed inwards. Genitalia (Fig. 712) essentially differing from those of preceding species. External parameres robust and wide, on their apex thick, especially basally wide; however, size of genital lobe similar to that of sinuata (LAFRESNAYE). Virga within genital lobe comparatively long, basal vesicle of Forficula-type. - Female very similar to male, but forceps simple, straight, tapering, contiguous. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 11-16 mm. Distribution: Italy.

Fig. 711 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Pseudochelidura orsinii (GENE). Original.

Fig. 712 Male genital armature of Pseudochelidura orsinii (GENE). After STEINMANN.

Genus

47:

Mesasiobia

SEMENOV

1908 Mesasiobia SEMENOV, Ent. Obozr., Moscow, 1 9 0 8 : 163. - Species typica: Mesasiobia hemixanthocara SEMENOV, 1908. Literature: BEY-BIENKO, 1936; BURR, 1911; POPHAM, 1965; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1968; SAKAI, 1973, 1 9 8 2 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 7 5 , 1 9 7 7 ,

1989.

445

Description: Head bicolour, irons dark brownish-black, occiput yellowish. Tegmina very short, not covering metanotum, posterior margins somewhat obliquely transverse, bow-shaped. Wings entirely absent. Male ultimate tergite characteristic, with two large, broad, depressed lateral lobes medially, near posterior margin. Male forceps characteristic, strongly depressed and flattened basally, with branches straight medially. Male genitalia of Anechura-type. Distribution: Central Asia. Single species. 1.

Mesasiobia hemixanthocara

SEMENOV

1908 Mesasiobiahemixanthocara SEMENOV, Ent. Obozr., Moscow, 1908: 165.-Terra typica: China: Sungaria (Type male: Zool. Inst. Mus. Acad. Sci. URSS, Leningrad). 1911 Mesasiobia hemixanthocara-BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 71; pi. 6, fig. 17 (male in dorsal view), 17a (penultimate sternite), 17b (head), 17c (posterior margin of penultimate sternite), 17d (tegmina), 17e (pronotum, and tegmina). 1936 Mesasiobia hemixanthocara - BEY-BIENKO, Faune de l'URSS, Dermaptera: 156; fig. 47 (male in dorsal view), 48 (male genitalia). L i t e r a t u r e : POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1982; STEINMANN, 1 9 7 5 , 1 9 7 7 , 1 9 8 9 .

Description: Male head dark brownish-black anteriorly, and yellowish posteriorly; antennae and legs light brown or yellowish-brown. Head large, broad, frons faintly tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures distinct, posterior margin convex. Eyes moderately large, but shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint normally developed, but shorter than distance between

Fig. 713 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Mesasiobia hemixanthocara SEMENOV. Original.

Fig. 714 Male abdominal end in lateral view of Mesasiobia hemixanthocara SEMENOV. After BURR.

Fig. 715 Male genital armature of Mesasiobia hemixanthocara SEMENOV. Original.

446 antennal bases; second quadrate, third a little longer than fourth, the rest typical, cylindrical. Pronotum transverse, anterior margin truncate, lateral margins straight, more or less parallel, posterior angles and margin broadly rounded; median longitudinal furrow present. Tegmina very short, not covering metanotum, posterior margins obliquely truncate. Wings absent. Abdomen large, broad, lateral margins faintly convex in superior view; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 large, distinct. Ultimate tergite characteristic; dorsal surface with two large, flattened lateral lobes near posterior margin (Fig. 713), the paired rims directed backwards (Fig. 714). Pygidium comparatively small, a little longer than wide. Forceps strongly flattened basally, and cylindrical in cross-section medially and apically; branches straight at median section. Genitalia (Fig. 715, gen.prep. No. 547, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) moderately small; central parameral plate narrow, virga within genital lobe specific, as in Fig. 715; external parameres asymmetrical, obtuse apically. - Female unknown to me. - Length of body with forceps: 21-23 mm. Distribution: Central Asia: Chinese Sungaria. Genus 48: Oreasiobia SEMENOV 1936 Oreasiobia SEMENOV, in BEY-BIENKO, Faune de l'URSS, Dermaptera: 158. - Species typica: Forficula fedtschenkoi SAUSSURE, 1874. 1955 Himanechura SANTOCK SINGH, Agra Univ. J. Res. (Sci.), 4 (1): 183. - Species typica: Himanechura lahaulensis SANTOCK SINGH, 1955. 1 9 7 5 Himanechura - BRINDLE, Ent. Basil., 1: 3 9 (proposed synonymy with Oreasiobia SEMENOV, 1936).

1976 Himanechura - SRIVASTAVA, Misc. Publ. Occ. (Calcutta), 2: 56 (incorrect synonymy with Anechura SCUDDER, 1876). Literature: KAPOOR, 1 9 6 7 ; POPHAM, 1965; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1968; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 8 3 ; STEINMANN, 1974, 1975, 1977, 1 9 8 9 ; TOWNES, 1945.

Description: Tegmina and wings normally or fully developed, sometimes the wings shorter or concealed. Male ultimate tergite with paired, spine-like tubercles posteriorly or branches armed with produced lamellate dilatation in the inner margins basally, or dorsal surface of ultimate tergite of the male without spine-like tubercles. Male genitalia with Anechura-type virga within genital lobe. Distribution: Central Asia, from Turkestan to South China. 6 species.

Identification key to the species 1

Dorsal surface of ultimate tergite of the male with a long, peg-shaped chitinous appendage, apically considerably projecting beyond posterior margin of plate 2 1' Dorsal surface of ultimate tergite of the male without peg-shaped chitinous appendages . 4 2 The spine-like tubercles of the male ultimate tergite very large (Fig. 716); male pygidium large, broad, as in Fig. 716 1. Oreasiobia fedtschenkoi, p. 447 2' The spine-like tubercles of the male ultimate tergite comparatively small, and narrow; male pygidium longer than wide (Fig. 719) or wider than long (Fig. 721) 3

446 antennal bases; second quadrate, third a little longer than fourth, the rest typical, cylindrical. Pronotum transverse, anterior margin truncate, lateral margins straight, more or less parallel, posterior angles and margin broadly rounded; median longitudinal furrow present. Tegmina very short, not covering metanotum, posterior margins obliquely truncate. Wings absent. Abdomen large, broad, lateral margins faintly convex in superior view; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 large, distinct. Ultimate tergite characteristic; dorsal surface with two large, flattened lateral lobes near posterior margin (Fig. 713), the paired rims directed backwards (Fig. 714). Pygidium comparatively small, a little longer than wide. Forceps strongly flattened basally, and cylindrical in cross-section medially and apically; branches straight at median section. Genitalia (Fig. 715, gen.prep. No. 547, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) moderately small; central parameral plate narrow, virga within genital lobe specific, as in Fig. 715; external parameres asymmetrical, obtuse apically. - Female unknown to me. - Length of body with forceps: 21-23 mm. Distribution: Central Asia: Chinese Sungaria. Genus 48: Oreasiobia SEMENOV 1936 Oreasiobia SEMENOV, in BEY-BIENKO, Faune de l'URSS, Dermaptera: 158. - Species typica: Forficula fedtschenkoi SAUSSURE, 1874. 1955 Himanechura SANTOCK SINGH, Agra Univ. J. Res. (Sci.), 4 (1): 183. - Species typica: Himanechura lahaulensis SANTOCK SINGH, 1955. 1 9 7 5 Himanechura - BRINDLE, Ent. Basil., 1: 3 9 (proposed synonymy with Oreasiobia SEMENOV, 1936).

1976 Himanechura - SRIVASTAVA, Misc. Publ. Occ. (Calcutta), 2: 56 (incorrect synonymy with Anechura SCUDDER, 1876). Literature: KAPOOR, 1 9 6 7 ; POPHAM, 1965; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1968; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 8 3 ; STEINMANN, 1974, 1975, 1977, 1 9 8 9 ; TOWNES, 1945.

Description: Tegmina and wings normally or fully developed, sometimes the wings shorter or concealed. Male ultimate tergite with paired, spine-like tubercles posteriorly or branches armed with produced lamellate dilatation in the inner margins basally, or dorsal surface of ultimate tergite of the male without spine-like tubercles. Male genitalia with Anechura-type virga within genital lobe. Distribution: Central Asia, from Turkestan to South China. 6 species.

Identification key to the species 1

Dorsal surface of ultimate tergite of the male with a long, peg-shaped chitinous appendage, apically considerably projecting beyond posterior margin of plate 2 1' Dorsal surface of ultimate tergite of the male without peg-shaped chitinous appendages . 4 2 The spine-like tubercles of the male ultimate tergite very large (Fig. 716); male pygidium large, broad, as in Fig. 716 1. Oreasiobia fedtschenkoi, p. 447 2' The spine-like tubercles of the male ultimate tergite comparatively small, and narrow; male pygidium longer than wide (Fig. 719) or wider than long (Fig. 721) 3

447 3

Male pygidium narrow, visibly longer than wide (Fig. 719); inner margins of male forceps without large, trigonal tooth basally, near pygidium 2. Oreasiobia chinensis, p. 448 3' Male pygidium wide, wider than long, posterior margin concave medially, with two smaller, obtuse tubercles (Fig. 721); inner margins of male forceps broadly rounded basally, the basal portion without large, triangular tooth 3. Oreasiobia calciatii, p. 449 4 Tegmina shorter, but present, wings entirely absent. Male forceps very strongly widened basally, and the basal portion with a blunt, robust, large, inner tooth (Fig. 723); apex of male external paramere strongly curved (Fig. 724) 4. Oreasiobia similis, p. 451 4' Tegmina fully developed, wings present 5 5 Male forceps comparatively short, strongly curved, branches rounded; widened part of male forceps bifid internally (Fig. 725); male genitalia as in Fig. 726 . . . . 5. Oreasiobia piger, p. 452 5' Male forceps comparatively long, branches with straight section medially; widened part of male forceps with lobiform rounded apex basally (Fig. 727); male genitalia as in Fig. 729 6. Oreasiobia stoiiczkai, p. 453 1.

Oreasiobia fedtschenkoi

(SAUSSURE)

1874 Forficula fedtschenkoi SAUSSURE, in FEDTSCHENKO, Turkestan Orth.: 6; pi. 2, fig. 1 (male in dorsal view). - Terra typica: Turkestan (Type male: unknown locality). 1900 Anechura fedtschenkoi - BORMANS & KRAUSS, Das Tierreich, Berlin, 11: 103. 1 9 3 6 Oreasiobia

fedtschenkoi

- SEMENOV, i n BEY-BIENKO, F a u n e d e l ' U R S S , D e r m a p t e r a : 1 6 1 ; fig. 4 9

(male in dorsal view), 50 (male genitalia). 1973 Oreasiobia fedtschenkoi - SAKAI, Dermapterorum Cat. Prael., Tokyo, 7: 174 (Turkestan, Dzhungaria, Kirghizstan, Sungaria, Afghanistan). L i t e r a t u r e : BEY-BIENKO, 1 9 3 4 ; BURR, 1911, 1 9 1 2 ; KIRBY, 1 9 0 4 ; MISTSHENKO, 1 9 3 7 , 1 9 4 9 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 ; SEMENOV, 1 9 0 8 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 8 2 , 1 9 8 3 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 7 7 , 1989.

Description: Male head, tubercles of ultimate tergite and forceps reddishorange; antennae and legs dark brown, but femora with apices blackish, lateral margins of pronotum yellow, median part of pronotum, tegmina, wings and abdominal tergites reddish-brown. Head normally developed, frons tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct, posterior margin concave in the middle. Eyes small, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint broad but short, shorter than distance between antennal bases; second quadrate, third longer than fourth. Pronotum transverse, lateral margins more or less straight or faintly convex, posterior angles rounded, posterior margin straight; median longitudinal furrow distinct. Tegmina comparatively short, about one and a half times as long as pronotum, wings concealed or short. Abdomen well developed, lateral margins more or less straight and parallel, or somewhat convex; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 small. Ultimate tergite transverse, with large, conical tubercles posteriorly, the spines considerably projecting beyond posterior margin of plate. Pygidium large, broad, lateral margins widened apically, postero-lateral angles excised, and posterior margin concave in the middle. Forceps (Fig. 716) strongly curved basally, straight medially and incurved apically; branches with a prominent widened portion basally, with a dorsal, smaller, and another ventral, larger, tooth; the teeth directed inwards. Genitalia (Fig. 7 1 7 , gen.prep. No. 5 3 8 , det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) elongated; central parameral plate simple, virga within genital lobe long, basal

448

Fig. 716 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Oreasiobia fedtschenkoi (SAUSSURE). Oirginal.

Fig. 717 Male genital armature of Oreasiobia fedtschenkoi (SAUSSURE), Original.

Fig. 718 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Oreasiobia fedtschenkoi (SAUSSURE). Original.

vesicle situated beyond a characteristic twist of virga; external parameres basally considerably wider than apically. - Female very similar to male, but ultimate tergite simple, without dorsal spines, and forceps (Fig. 718) straight, elongate; branches elliptical in cross-section basally and medially, cylindrical apically. Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 2 2 - 2 8 mm. Distribution: Central Asia. 2. Oreasiobia chinensis STEINMANN 1974 Oreasiobia chinensis STEINMANN, Folia ent. hung., 27: 196; fig. 26 (male ultimate tergite with forceps), 27 (ditto, laterally), 28 (genitalia of holotype). - Terra typica: China: Fujien (Type male, gen.prep. No. 450, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN: Zool. Forsch. Mus., Bonn). Literature: SAKAI, 1982; STEINMANN, 1977, 1989.

Description: Male head very dark red, shiny, basal section of antennae dark brown, apical section lighter, lateral margins of pronotum yellowish-red, median part blackish; tegmina and wings yellowish-red, abdominal tergites and forceps dark brownish-red. Head large, broad, frons somewhat tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct, posterior margin concave in the middle. Eyes small, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint short, shorter than distance between antennal bases; second and the rest typical. Pronotum transverse, but only slightly wider than long, lateral margins parallel, posterior angles and margin rounded; median longitudinal furrow faint. Tegmina and wings normally developed. Legs brownish-black and dark brown, anterior

449 femora slightly longer than pronotum, hind femur only slightly shorter than tegmen. Abdomen normally developed, somewhat depressed; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct. Ultimate tergite short and wide, about twice as wider as long, dorsal surface with two striking, long chitinous pegs (known in a similar configuration also in the Vandex species within the family Labiidae); pegs apically projecting beyond posterior margin of last tergite in a superior view (Fig. 719). Pygidium long, longer than wide, posterior margin concave. Forceps considerably widened basally, the widened lobe lamelliform, its inner margin finely dentate. Peg-shaped appendage of ultimate tergite well visible also in lateral view; branches more or less straight medially. Genitalia (Fig. 720) of Anechura-typc; central parameral plate oval, virga within genital lobe medium size, its basal part with a basal vesicle, discernible as a narrow, nearly straight expansion; external parameres comparatively narrow and long. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 19-21 mm. Distribution: China: Fujien.

Fig. 719 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Oreasiobia chinensis STEINMANN. After

Fig. 720 Holotype genital armature of Oreasiobia chinensis STEINMANN. After

STEINMANN.

STEINMANN.

3.

Oreasiobia calciatii

(BORELLI)

1909 AnechuracalciataBORELLI. Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. R. Univ., Torino, 24(603): 3.-Terra typica: Kashmir (Type male: unknown locality). 1910 Anechura calciatii- BURR, Fauna brit. India, Dermaptera: 159;fig.95 (male in dorsal view). 1934 Anechura fedtschenkoi calciatii - BEY-BIENKO, Ark. Zool., Uppsala, 2 5 A (20): 5. 1936 Oreasiobia fedtschenkoi calciatii - BEY-BIENKO, Faune de l'URSS, Dermaptera: 163.

450 1983 Oreasiobia calciatii - SRIVASTAVA, Proc. Wkshp. High Alt. Ent. & Wildl. Ecol. zool. Surv. India: 120; fig. 10A (male in dorsal view), 10 B (male genitalia). L i t e r a t u r e : BURR, 1 9 1 1 ; BHARADWAJ & KAPOOR, 1970; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 .

Description: Male general colour black, antennae black or brown, sometimes tinged with reddish; head clear brick-red, shaded with blackish on the frons, and pronotum brownish black. Head large, broad, with mouthparts longer than wide only; frons tumid; postfrontal and coronal sutures faint, posterior margin convex. Eyes small but prominent, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae 11-jointed (after BURR); first joint somewhat shorter than distance between antennal bases, second quadrate, third slightly swollen near the apex, fourth about two-thirds as long as third. Pronotum wider than long, anterior margin straight, sides parallel and gently reflexed, posterior margin gently rounded; median longitudinal furrow very faint. Tegmina smooth, wings abbreviated, scarcely visible beyond the tegmina. Femora yellowish-red, black towards the apex, tibiae and tarsi yellowish. Abdomen smooth, with bristles at the sides, lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct. Ultimate tergite smooth, transverse, inflated basally, depressed posteriorly, with two spine-like tubercles. Pygidium prominent, short, transverse, posterior margin slightly reflexed, the edge itself crenulate. Branches of forceps (Fig. 721) remote at the base, somewhat depressed, elongate and regularly arcuate, with a strong sharp tooth on the ventral surface near the base. Genitalia (Fig. 722) characteristic; central parameral plate small, short and narrow, virga within genital lobe of Anechura-type, external parameres specific, more or less widened apically. Female similar to male, but ultimate tergite without any mammiform tubercle

Fig. 721 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Oreasiobia calciatii (BORELLI). After SRIVASTAVA.

Fig. 722 Male genital armature of Oreasiobia calciatii (BORELLI). After SRIVASTAVA.

451 above the base of the forceps and gently narrowed posteriorly; pygidium short, subvertical, posterior margin provided with a minute tubercle in middle and at postero-lateral angles, forceps simple and straight. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 14-17 mm. Distribution: India: Kashmir. 4.

Oreasiobia similis

STEINMANN

1983 Oreasiobia similis STEINMANN, Revue suisse Zool., 90: (3): 556; fig. 13 (male ultimate tergite with forceps), 14 (genitalia of holotype). - Terra typica: Nepal (Type male, gen.prep. No. 783, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN: M U S . Hist, nat., Geneva).

Description: Male general colour dark brownish, and yellowish-brown; head dark apically, and lighter basally; sides of pronotum light brown. Head broad, tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures present, posterior margin concave in the middle. Eyes typical for the genus, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae 12-jointed; first joint short, shorter than distance between antennal bases, second small, third joint long, longer than fourth. Pronotum strongly transverse, lateral margins faintly convex, more or less parallel, or somewhat expanded posteriorly; all angles rounded, median longitudinal furrow present. Tegmina comparatively short, somewhat abbreviated, wings absent. Abdomen oval, and depressed, lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct, large. Ultimate tergite strongly transverse, with two smaller, obtuse tubercles. Pygidium very small, rounded in superior view. Forceps (Fig. 723) short, strongly curved, basal portion depressed, with large, blunt inner tooth basally. Genitalia

Fig. 723 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Oreasiobia similis STEINMANN. After

Fig. 724 Holotype genital armature of Oreasiobia similis STEINMANN. After

STEINMANN.

STEINMANN.

452 (Fig. 724) large; central parameral plate comparatively short and broad, virga within genital lobe long, with large and strongly sclerotized basal vesicle; external parameres moderately large, broad basally, and curved apically. - Female similar to male, but colour darker; forceps simple, tapering, slender and contiguous. Length of body with forceps, male: 14-15 mm, female: 12-13 mm. Distribution: Nepal. 5.

Oreasiobia piger

STEINMANN

1983 Oreasiobiapiger STEINMANN, Revue suisse Zool., 90: (3); 556; fig. 11 (male ultimate tergite with forceps), 12 (genitalia of holotype). - Terra typica: Nepal (Type male, gen.prep. No. 762, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN: M U S . Hist, nat., Geneva).

Description: Male general colour dark brownish-black, shiny. Head very broad, flattened; postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct, posterior margin concave in the middle. Eyes comparatively small, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae 12-jointed; first joint normal, slightly shorter than distance between antennal bases; second more or less quadrate, third joint long, longer than fourth. Pronotum transverse, anterior margin truncate, lateral margins parallel, all angles rounded, posterior margin convex; median longitudinal furrow distinct. Tegmina and wings normally developed, shiny. Abdomen depressed, expanded medially; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 large. Ultimate tergite strongly transverse, dorsal surface with two large obtuse

Fig. 725 Holotype ultimate tergite with forceps of Oreasiobia piger STEINMANN. After

Fig. 726 Holotype genital armature of Oreasiobia piger STEINMANN. After

STEINMANN.

STEINMANN.

453 tubercles near posterior margin. Pygidium present, but small, rounded in superior view. Penultimate sternite broadly rounded posteriorly. Forceps (Fig. 725) strongly curved, short, strongly depressed basally, and cylindrical medially and apically; branches with two blunt tubercles on inner margin basally. Genitalia (Fig. 726) comparatively large; central parameral plate strongly narrowed basally, widened apically, virga within genital lobe long, basal vesicle curved; external parameres well developed, large. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 14 mm. Distribution: Nepal. 6. Oreasiobia stoliczkae (BURR) 1912 Anechura stoliczkae BURR, Annal. naturh. Mus., Wien, 26:96. - Terra typica: India (Type male: Naturhist. Mus., Wien). 1936 Oreasiobia stoliczkae - BEY-BIENKO, Faune de l'URSS, Dermaptera: 159. 1955 Anechura himalayana SANTOCK SINGH, Agra Univ. J. Res. (Sci.),4(l): 180; fig. 1 (male in dorsal view), 2 (female forceps), 3 (leg), 4 (antennae), 5 (first five joints of antenna). - Terra typica: India (Type male: SINGH'S Collection). 1955 Himanechura lahaulensis SANTOCK HINGH, Agra Univ. J. Res. (Sci.), 4(1): 184;fig.11 (male in dorsal view), 12 (antenna), 13 (firstfivejoints of antenna), 14 (leg.). - Terra typica: India (Type male: SINGH'S Collection). 1975 Anechura himalayana - BRINDLE, Ent. Basil., 1: 39 [proposed synonymy with stoliczkae (BURR, 1912)]. 1975 Himanachura lahaulensis - BRINDLE, Ent. Basil., 1: 39 [proposed synonymy with stoliczkae (BURR, 1912)].

1977 Oreasiobia stoliczkae - STEINMANN, Acta zool. hung., 23: 203; fig. 10 (male genitalia, gen.prep. No. 178, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN from Kashmir). Literature: BHARADWAJ & KAPOOR, 1970; BHATNAGAR, 1966; BRINDLE, 1978; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1968; SAKAI, 1973, 1982; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 , 1 9 8 2 , 1 9 8 3 ; W u , 1935.

Description: Male general colour brownish-black with head occasionally orange, sometimes abdominal tergites lighter in colour. Head transverse, frons a little tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures distinct, posterior margin convex. Eyes comparatively large, but shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint normally developed, but shorter than distance between antennal bases; second quadrate, third and the rest typical, cylindrical. Pronotum strongly transverse, anterior margin truncate, lateral margins faintly convex, parallel, posterior margin convex; median longitudinal furrow on prozona. Tegmina and wings well developed. Abdomen gently widened in middle, smooth; lateral glandular folds on tergite 3 smaller, those on tergite 4, large. Ultimate tergite transverse, above the roots of forceps a tumid elevation, often weakly developed. Pygidium about as long as wide, subvertical, gently narrowed posteriorly. Forceps of microlabic form (Fig. 727) with inner basal tooth obtuse, and of macrolabic form (Fig. 728) with basal tooth sharp. Branches of forceps long and cylindrical, gradually curving from base to apex; length of forceps variable. Genitalia (Fig. 729, gen.prep. No. 46, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) normally developed; central parameral plate comparatively short, virga within genital lobe

454

Fig. 727 Microlabic form of male forceps of Oreasiobia stoliczkae

Fig. 728 Macrolabic form of male forceps of Oreasiobia stoliczkae

(BURR). O r i g i n a l .

(BURR). O r i g i n a l .

Fig. 729 Male genital armature of Oreasiobia stoliczkae (BURR). Original.

Fig. 730 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Oreasiobia stoliczkae (BURR). Original.

medium-size, external parameres moderately long. - Female similar to male, but pygidium triangular, and forceps (Fig. 730) simple, short, straight. - Length of body with forceps, male: 15-22 mm, female: 13-18 mm. Distribution: India, Nepal, Bhutan. Genus 49: Anechura

SCUDDER

1876 Anechura SCUDDER, Proc. Boston Soc. nat. Hist., 18: 289. - Species typica: Forficula bipunctata FABRICIUS, 1 7 8 1 .

1900 Anechura - BORMANS & KRAUSS, Das Tierreich, Berlin, 11: 100 (key to species). 1904 Odontopsalis BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. London, 1904: 315. - Species typica: Odentopsalis harmandi

BURR, 1 9 0 4 .

454

Fig. 727 Microlabic form of male forceps of Oreasiobia stoliczkae

Fig. 728 Macrolabic form of male forceps of Oreasiobia stoliczkae

(BURR). O r i g i n a l .

(BURR). O r i g i n a l .

Fig. 729 Male genital armature of Oreasiobia stoliczkae (BURR). Original.

Fig. 730 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Oreasiobia stoliczkae (BURR). Original.

medium-size, external parameres moderately long. - Female similar to male, but pygidium triangular, and forceps (Fig. 730) simple, short, straight. - Length of body with forceps, male: 15-22 mm, female: 13-18 mm. Distribution: India, Nepal, Bhutan. Genus 49: Anechura

SCUDDER

1876 Anechura SCUDDER, Proc. Boston Soc. nat. Hist., 18: 289. - Species typica: Forficula bipunctata FABRICIUS, 1 7 8 1 .

1900 Anechura - BORMANS & KRAUSS, Das Tierreich, Berlin, 11: 100 (key to species). 1904 Odontopsalis BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. London, 1904: 315. - Species typica: Odentopsalis harmandi

BURR, 1 9 0 4 .

455 1911 Odontopsalis - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 73 (as synonym of Anechura SCUDDER, 1876).

1936 Odontopsalis - BEY-BIENKO, Faune de l'URSS, Dermaptera: 167 (as valid subgenus). 1976 Anechura - HARZ & KALTENBACH, Die Orthopteren Europas, 3: 89 (transference to subfamily Forficulinae). 1976 Anechura - SRIVASTAVA - Misc. Publ. Occ. (Calcutta), 2: 56 (in subfamily Anechurinae). 1990 Anechura - STEINMANN, Acta zool. hung., 36: 135 (revision, key to species). Literature: BURR, 1910; KAPOOR, 1967; KIRBY, 1904; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1968; SAKAI, 1973, 1982; STEINMANN, 1975, 1977, 1989; TOWNES, 1945.

Description: The species are highly varyous. Size medium. Head tumid, sutures distinct or indistinct. Antennae with about thirteen joints, third long and subcylindrical, fourth about two-thirds as long as third, fifth nearly as long as third, rather thick and cylindrical. Pronotum broad, truncate anteriorly, more or less convex posteriorly. Tegmina ample, smooth, broad, rounded at shoulders, but the sides parallel, lateral margins without keels. Wings present or absent. Sternal plates transverse. Legs moderately long and slender; second tarsal joint distinctly lobed. Abdomen depressed and dilated about the middle. Male forceps more or less straight or undulate in lateral view, inner and dorsal margins with or without tooth or tubercle; female forceps very simple. Male genitalia generally with long virga. Distribution: Oriental and Palaearctic regions. 19 species (and 3 species in doutbful position). Identification key to the species 1 1' 2 2' 3 3' 4 4' 5

Wings entirely absent 2 Wings present 4 Legs pale yellow; male forceps strongly developed, as in Figs 731, and 732 3 Legs brownish-black; male forceps not of Anechura-type, very simple, more or less straight, and unarmed (Fig. 734) 3. Anechura forficuHformes, p. 459 Male forceps very short, robust (Fig. 731); branches strongly depressed horizontally, inner margins with some smaller or larger tubercles 1. Anechura potanini, p. 456 Male forceps elongated, slender (Fig. 732); branches strongly depressed vertically basally; dorsal surface with a larger, inner margin with a small but prominent, tooth basally; male genitalia as in Fig. 733 2. Anechura senator, p. 457 Male forceps seen in lateral view quite straight, or only faintly undulate 5 Male forceps seen in lateral view strongly undulating, strongly bowed downwards in the basal part 12 Male forceps characteristic, with a conspicuous, double, specific dorsal tooth (Figs 735 and 738)

6

5' Male forceps without double, bifurcated dorsal tooth 7 6 Male forceps strongly curved, the branches with comparatively smaller teeth medially (Fig. 735); external parameres of male genitalia normally developed, not narrowed apically (Fig. 736) 4. Anechura harmandi, p. 459 6' Male forceps less curved, the branches with comparatively larger teeth medially (Fig. 738); external parameres of male genitalia conspicuously narrowed apically (Fig. 739) 5. Anechura lewisi, p. 461 7 Male forceps specific, with a very large inner tooth medially (Fig. 740); branches with, or sometimes without, smaller dorsal tooth basally 6. Anechura japonica, p. 462 8 7' Male forceps without conspicuously trigonal and very large inner tooth medially

456 8

Male pygidium ornamented with some small tubercles posteriorly (Fig. 743); male forceps with obtuse, but prominent, inner tooth medially; external parameres of male genitalia moderately short, and curved apically (Fig. 744) 7. Anechura lucifer, p. 463 9 8' Male pygidium simple posteriorly; branches of male forceps without median tooth 9 Male ultimate tergite with smaller or larger, generally tumid, elevations laterally (Fig. 745); inner margin of male forceps with a characteristic, and very small, but sharp tooth basally near pygidium; virga within genital lobe of the male genitalia with specific basal vesicle (Fig. 746) 8. Anechura globatts, p. 464 9' Male ultimate tergite without larger elevations laterally 10 10 Male pygidium very small, quadrate (Fig. 747); basal portions of male forceps depressed horizontally and ending in a prominent, but obtuse, tooth near pygidium; male genitalia with characteristic basal vesicle (Fig. 748) 9. Anechura nayyari, p. 466 10' Male pygidium large, generally transverse 11 11 Male forceps with smaller or larger dorsal tooth basally (Fig. 749); wings normally developed, or sometimes concealed; male ultimate tergite with smaller or sometimes larger elevations dorsally 10. Anechura filchneri, p. 467 11' Male forceps without dorsal tooth basally (Fig. 751); male ultimate tergite sometimes with broadly rounded elevations medially 11. Anechura modesta, p. 468 12 Male forceps simple, without inner or dorsal teeth (Fig. 752); male ultimate tergite with rounded depression medially near posterior margin 12. Anechura primaria, p. 469 12' Male forceps armed with inner or dorsal tooth 13 13 Male forceps with smaller or larger dorsal tooth basally 14 13' Male forceps without dorsal tooth basally 16 14 Male forceps with smaller dorsal tooth basally, and a larger inner tooth medially (Fig. 753); male genitalia comparatively narrow, and virga within genital lobe short (Fig. 754) 13. Anechura quelparta, p. 469 14' Male forceps with larger dorsal tooth basally (Figs 755, and 758), but branches without inner tooth medially 15 15 Male pygidium less transverse, and inner margins of forceps with a smaller, but prominent tooth near pygidium (Fig. 755); apex of male genitalia strongly curved and directed inwards (Fig. 756), basal vesicle of virga not associated with a larger, sclerotized plate 14. Anechura pirpanjalae, p. 471 15' Male pygidium strongly transverse, but inner margins of forceps without tooth near pygidium (Fig. 758); apex of male genitalia straight and directed forwards (Fig. 759), basal vesicle of virga associated with a larger, sclerotized plate 15. Anechura zubovskii, p. 472 16 Inner margin of male forceps with two teeth 17 16' Inner margin of male forceps with one tooth 18 17 Male pygidium characteristic, of Doru-type, spine-like, prominent (Fig. 760); virga within genital lobe of male genitalia comparatively long, basal vesicle specific (Fig. 761) 16. Anechura torquata, p. 473 17' Male pygidium transverse or hidden (Fig. 762) 17. Anechura crinitata, p. 474 18 Tegmina dark, with a big yellow spot in the anterior part . . . 18. Anechura bipunctata, p. 475 18' Tegmina unicolorous 19. Anechura svenhedini, p. 477 1.

Anechura potanini

BEY-BIENKO

1934 Anechura potanini BEY-BIENKO, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (10) 13: 406; fig. 3 (male ultimate tergite with forceps). - Terra typica: China: Szechwan (Type male: Zool. Inst. Mus. Acad. Sci. URSS, Leningrad). 1936 Anechura (Odontopsalis) potanini - BEY-BIENKO, Faune de l'URSS, Dermaptera: 167; fig. 51 (male ultimate tergite with forceps). Literature: SAKAI, 1973; 1982; SRIVASTAVA, 1976; STEINMANN, 1975, 1989, 1990; W U , 1935.

Description: Male general colour dark reddish-brown; antennae and legs pale yellow, or sometimes pale reddish; pronotum and tegmina unicolorous dirty

457 brown. Head depressed, not tumid, a little wider than anterior margin of the pronotum, with very fine but distinct sutures. Eyes typical, somewhat shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae 13-jointed; first joint shorter than distance between antennal bases; second quadrate, third joint cylindrical, nearly three times as long as wide, and equal in length to fifth. Pronotum somewhat wider than long, with parallel and straight lateral margins; posterior margin very feebly rounded; median longitudinal furrow well marked. Tegmina short, nearly half as long as the pronotum, a little widened posteriorly, with a feebly oblique and rounded posterior margin. Wings entirely absent. Prosternum strongly widened anteriorly, mesosternum rounded, as wide as long, metasternum not decidedly broad, with truncate posterior margin. Abdomen with subparallel lateral margins, smooth, without distinct puncturation; lateral glandular folds feebly, especially on the third segment. Ultimate tergite transverse, with two feeble spherical projections before posterior margin placed over the inner basal part of the forceps, and with a distinct depression between these projections. Pygidium broad, distinctly prominent, with subvertical apical side roundly emarginated on the apex of the upper surface. Forceps (Fig. 731) remote at the base, not undulated, seen in profile quite straight, seen from above widened at the base and regularly narrowed to the apex; inner margins with very feeble denticulation between a median tooth and the base of the forceps. Genitalia unknown. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 13 mm. Distribution: China: Szechwan.

Fig. 731 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Anechura potanini BEY-BIENKO. After BEY-BIENKO.

2.

Anechura senator

STEINMANN

1990 Anechura senator - STEINMANN, Acta zool. hung., 36:138; fig. 3 (holotype ultimate tergite with forceps), 4 (holotype genital armature). - Terra typica: China (Type male, gen. prep. Nr. 545, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN: Természettudomànyi Muzeum, Budapest).

458 Description: Male head blackish, pronotum, tegmina and legs pale yellow, abdominal tergites and forceps dark reddish-brown. Head longer than wide, frons somewhat tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures present, posterior margin convex in the middle. Eyes small, essentially shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint short, signifiquantly shorter than distance between antennal bases; second quadrate, third longer than fourth. Pronotum somewhat wider than long, anterior margin transversely truncate, lateral margins convex and widened posteriorly, posterior angles and margin broadly rounded; median longitudinal furrow faint, prozona tumid, metazona deplanate. Tegmina somewhat longer than the length of pronotum, smooth. Wings completely absent. Abdomen somewhat depressed, lateral margins subparallel; lateral glandular folds on tergite 3 very small, those on tergite 4 large. Ultimate tergite specific, somewhat resembling the Oreasiobia-type, dorsal plate with two large projections, and a small flattened one, laterally. Pygidium broad, posterior margin ornamented with fifth small tubercles. Forceps (Fig. 732) characteristic, branches strongly undulated horizontally and vertically, the basal portion strongly depressed vertically, with sharp dorsal and ventral edges, the dorsal edge ornameted with a large, sharp and strongly curved tooth, the ventral edge with a further, but very small, tooth. Genitalia (Fig. 733) of Anechura-type; central parameral plate narrowed basally, and widened apically, virga within genital lobe very long, the basal vesicle as in Fig. 733; external parameres well developed, with apices obtuse. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 15 mm. Distribution: China: Gansu.

Fig. 732 Holotype ultimate tergite with forceps of Anechura senator STEINMANN. Original.

Fig. 733 Holotype genital armature of Anechura senator STEINMANN. Original.

459 3.

Anechura forficuliformis

SEMENOV & BEY-BIENKO

Anechura forficuliformis SEMENOV & BEY-BIENKO, EOS, Madrid, 10: 2 2 2 ; fig. 1 (male in dorsal view). - Terra typica: East Tibet (Type male: Zool. Inst. Mus. Acad. Sci. URSS, Leningrad). 1936 Anechura (Odontopsalis) forficuliformis - BEY-BIENKO, Faune de l'URSS, Dermaptera: 168. 1935

Literature: POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1968; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1982; STEINMANN, 1975, 1989, 1 9 9 0 .

Description: Male general colour dark brownish-black, tegmina dark red, legs darker, generally brownish-black, sometimes black; lateral margins of pronotum lighter then the median part. Head longer than wide, frons somewhat tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct; posterior margin concave in the middle. Eyes typical, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint small, shorter than distance between antennal bases; second quadrate or transverse, third longer than fourth. Pronotum somewhat wider than long, narrower than head; anterior margin transversely truncate, lateral margins more or less straight, but widening somewhat posteriorly, posterior angles and margin broadly rounded. Tegmina comparatively short, but longer than pronotum; wings absent. Abdomen somewhat depressed, with lateral margins subparallel; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct. Ultimate tergite transverse, simple, smooth. Pygidium somewhat wider than long, posterior margin somewhat curved upwards. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 734) simple, strongly flattened basally, oval in cross-section medially and cylindrical apically; branches unarmed. Genitalia unknown. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 13-14 mm. Distribution: East Tibet.

Fig. 734 Holotype ultimate tergite with forceps of Anechura forficuliformis SEMENOV & BEY-BIENKO. After SEMENOV & BEY-BIENKO.

4.

Anechura harmandi

(BURR)

1904 Odontopsalis harmandi BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. London, 1904: 316. - Terra typica: Japan (Type male: Mus. nation. Hist, nat., Paris). 1905 Apterygida japonica SHIRAKI (nec BORMANS, 1880), J. Coll. Sapporo, 2 (2): 83. 1910 Anechura harmandi - BURR, Proc. U.S. natn. Mus., 38: 462. 1936 Anechura (Odontopsalis) harmandi - BEY-BIENKO, Faune de l'URSS, Dermaptera: 171. 1968 Anechura harmandi - BRINDLE, Ark. Zool., Uppsala, 20 (25): 550. 1977 Anechura harmandi - STEINMANN, Acta zool. hung., 23: 208; fig. 24 (male genitalia, gen.prep. No. 194, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) (Vladivostok, Sachalin, Japan). Literature: BURR, 1 9 1 1 , 1 9 1 6 ; ESAKI, 1939; FURUWAKA, 1933; MATSUMURA, 1935; MITSUHASHI, 1937; KONDO, 1938; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1968; SAKAI, 1973, 1982; SHIRAKI, 1 9 2 8 .

460 Description: Male general colour very dark brownish-black to black; antennae, lateral margins of pronotum, and legs brown. Head longer than wide, somewhat tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct, posterior margin concave. Eyes prominent, but shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint well developed, but shorter than distance between antennal bases; second quadrate, third and the rest typical. Pronotum transverse, anterior margin a little concave or truncate, lateral margins more or less straight, and parallel, posterior angles rounded, posterior margin convex; median longitudinal furrow indistinct. Tegmina and wings normally developed, or sometimes a little reduced. Abdomen comparatively large, broad, lateral margins convex in superior view; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct. Ultimate tergite very broad, transverse, dorsal surface with two large, broad and rounded projections near posterior margin; sometimes the projections with a pair of minute tubercles. Pygidium hidden. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 735) strongly curved, more or less cylindrical in cross-section, but the median section with a characteristic double tooth. Genitalia (Fig. 736, gen.prep. No. 194, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) of Anechura-type; central parameral plate moderately short and broad, narrowed basally, virga within genital lobe long, basal vesicle of the bipunctata-type, resembling a bean, but its anterior part without an appendage; enclosed genital lobe long, anterior margin transversely truncate. External parameres comparatively thin and long. - Female very similar to male, but ultimate tergite simple, smooth, and forceps (Fig. 737) very short, straight. Length of body with forceps, male: 1 3 - 1 5 mm, female: 11-12 mm. Distribution: Japan, and eastern USSR.

Fig. 735 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Anechura harmandi (BURR). Original.

Fig. 736 Male genital armature of Anechura harmandi

Original.

(BURR).

Fig. 737 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Anechura harmandi (BURR). Original.

461 5. Anechura lewisi (BURR) 1904 Odontopsalis lewisi BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. London, 1904: 317. - Terra typica: Japan (Type male: BURR'S Collection in Brit. Mus. natn. Hist., London). 1911 Anechura lewisi - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 73. 1973 Anechura (Odontopsalis) harmandii. lewisi-SAKAI, Dermapterorum Cat. Prael., Tokyo, 7:160 (Japan, and Liverpool, in St. John's Market). Literature: BEY-BENKO, 1934, 1936; BURR, 1912; ESAKI, 1939; HIRAYAMA, 1937; LUCAS, 1912; MATSUMURA, 1933; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1968; SAKAI, 1982; SHIRAKI, 1928; ZACHER, 1911.

Description: Male general colour dark brownish-black; antennae, lateral margins of pronotum, legs, and wings yellow laterally or sometimes light brown. Head longer than wide, somewhat tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct, posterior margin concave in the middle. Eyes prominent, but shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint normally developed, about as long as distance between antennal bases, or somewhat shorter; second quadrate, the rest cylindrical, typical. Pronotum transverse, anterior margin transversally truncate, lateral margins faintly convex, with posterior angles and margin broadly rounded; median longitudinal furrow present. Tegmina and wings well developed. Abdomen short and broad, lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 very distinct. Ultimate tergite strongly transverse, depressed medially, and the disc with two small, but sharp, tubercles near posterior margin. Pygidium small, rounded in superior view. Forceps (Fig. 738) very similar to harmandi (BURR), but branches less curved, and the double dorsal tooth larger. Genitalia (Fig. 739, gen.prep. No. 956, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) specific; central parameral plate narrowed basally, and somewhat expanded apically, virga within genital lobe long, the basal vesicle small, and less sclerotized; external

Fig. 738 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Anechura lewisi (BURR). Original.

Fig. 739 Male genital armature of Anechura lewisi (BURR). Original.

462 parameres broad basally, regularly narrowed apically. - Female similar to male, but ultimate tergite simple, smooth, without teeth, and forceps straight, simple, tapering, contiguous. - Length of body with forceps, male: 16-19, female: 14-17 mm. Distribution: Japan. 6.

Anechura japónica

(BORMANS)

1880 Forfícula japónica BORMANS, Annls Soc. esp. nat. Hist., 9: 512. - T e r r a typica: Japan (Type male: unknown locality). 1900 Apterygida japónica - BORMANS & KRAUSS, Das Tierreich, Berlin, 11: 110. 1902 Anechura eoa SEMENOV, Revue Russe d'Ent., 2:100; fig. 2 (male in dorsal view). - Terra typica: Japan (Type male: unknown locality) syn. n. 1904 Odontopsalis japónica - BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. London, 1904: 315. 1904 Apterygida athymia REHN, Proc. U.S. natn. Mus., 27: 540. - Terra typica: Japan (Type male: unknown locality). 1904 Sphingolabis japónica - KIRBY, Syn. Cat. Orth., 1: 44. 1905 Anechura athymia - BURR, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (7) 14: 495. 1908 Odontopsalis athymia - BURR, Bull. Mus. Hist, nat., Paris, 1908: 115. 1911 Anechura japónica - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 73. 1977 Anechura japónica - STEINMANN, Acta zool. hung., 23: 208; fig. 23 (male genitalia, gen.prep. No. 478, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) (Eastern Siberia, from Amur to Vladivostok; Korea, Japan, Mandhuria, China: Gansu, Szechwan). 1989 Apterygida athymia - STEINMANN, World Catalogue of Dermaptera, Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, p. 749 [proposed synonymy with Anechura japónica (BORMANS, 1880)]. 1990 Anechura japónica - STEINMANN, Acta zool. hung., 36: 141; fig. 10 (male ultimate tergite with forceps), 11 (male genital armature), 12 (female forceps) (East Asia). L i t e r a t u r e : BEY-BIENKO, 1 9 3 3 , 1 9 3 4 , 1 9 3 6 ; CAUDELL, 1 9 2 7 ; HEBARD, 1 9 3 3 ; MATSUMURA, 1 9 1 1 , 1 9 3 3 , 1 9 3 5 ; MATSUMURA & SHIRAKI, 1 9 0 5 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; SHIRAKI, 1928; Wu, 1 9 3 5 .

Description: Male general colour lighter or darker reddish-brown; antennae, median part of pronotum, and legs brown, lateral margins of pronotum, and lateral margins of wings yellowish. Head typical, smooth, faintly tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct, posterior margin straight. Eyes typical, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint short, strongly narrowed basally, essentially shorter than distance between antennal bases; second transverse, third conical, longer than fourth. Pronotum transverse, truncate on anterior margin, lateral sides narrowed posteriorly, posterior angles and margin rounded; median longitudinal furrow present. Tegmina rather short, punctured, wings well developed, humeral margins and apices black. Abdomen moderately short and broad; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct. Ultimate tergite short and transverse, armed at each exterior angle with a strong, flattened or bifurcated tubercle, sometimes the projections absent. Pygidium short, rounded posteriorly. Forceps (Fig. 740) specific, branches depressed vertically at basal half, with a very large, triangular, lobe-like tooth ventrally, and branches with a smaller, pointed tubercle dorsally. Genitalia (Fig. 741) typical; central parameral plate medium elongated, external parameres robust, wide and

463 long, their apices not incurving. Anterior margin of genital lobe transverse, slightly truncate. Virga within genital lobe long, basal vesicle of the bipunctatatype, resembling a bean, with an appendage anteriorly. - Female similar to male, but ultimate tergite simple, and forceps (Fig. 742) short, straight, tapering. Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 11-17 mm. Distribution: Eastern Asia.

Fig. 741 Male genital armature of Anechura

Fig. 740 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Anechura japonica

japonica

(BORMANS). O r i g i n a l .

Original.

7.

(BORMANS).

Anechura lucifer

Fig. 742 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Anechura japonica (BORMANS). O r i g i n a l .

STEINMANN

1985 Anechura lucifer STEINMANN, Folia ent. hung., 46 (1): 167; fig. 5 (male ultimate tergite with forceps), 6 (male abdominal end with forceps in lateral view), 7 (genitalia of holotype), 8 (basal vesicle of holotype genital lobe). - Terra typica: Armenia (Type male, gen.prep. No. 968, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN: Zool. Inst., Yerevan). 1990 Anechura lucifer - STEINMANN, Acta zool. hung., 36: 143; fig. 13 (male ultimate tergite with forceps), 14 (male genitalia).

Description: Male general colour dark brownish-black, except legs dark reddish-brown, and tegmina with wings ornamented with dark yellowish patches medially. Cuticle finely punctured and pubescent. Head longer than wide, frons somewhat tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures faint, but quite visible, posterior margin somewhat emarginate in the middle. Eyes comparatively large, but essentially shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Lateral margins of head behind eyes converging posteriorly. Antennae 12-jointed; first joint typical, shorter than distance between antennal bases, second quadrate, the rest typical

464 for the genus. Pronotum transverse, anterior margin transversely truncate, lateral margins more or less parallel, posterior margin with postero-lateral angles rounded; median longitudinal furrow present; prozona tumid, metazona deplanate. Tegmina comparatively short, posterior margin finely concave, and postero-humeral angles rounded, the yellowish patch oval. Wings short, yellow, but with a dark longitudinal stripe humerally. Abdomen somewhat depressed, normally developed, lateral sides convex in superior view; lateral glandular folds on tergite 3 very small, those on tergite 4 large, obtuse. Ultimate tergite transverse, with two lateral tubercles near posterior margin. Pygidium transverse, specific, posterior margin finely undulate, postero-lateral angles sharp. Penultimate sternite with a concave section medially on posterior margin. Forceps (Fig. 743) more or less elongate, comparatively straight in lateral view, in dorsal view strongly undulate, curved, and armed with a larger tooth medially. Genitalia (Fig. 744) well developed, of Anechura-type; central parameral plate comparatively narrow, virga within genital lobe very long, with basal vesicle specific; external parameres fully developed, and excised at outer margins apically. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 13-18 mm. Distribution: Armenia.

Fig. 743 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Anechura lucifer STEINMANN. After

Fig. 744 Holotype genital armature of Anechura lucifer STEINMANN. After

STEINMANN.

STEINMANN.

8.

Anechura globalis

STEINMANN

1990 Anechura globalis STEINMANN, Acta zool. hung., 36:143; fig. 15 (holotype ultimate tergite with forceps), 16 (holotype genital armature). - Terra typica: Persia (Type male, gen. prep. No. 400, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN: Természettudomànyi Mùzeum, Budapest).

465 Description: Male head, median part of pronotum, and tegmina very dark brownish-black, antennae and abdominal tergites dark brown; lateral margins of pronotum, large oval patches of tegmina, and legs yellowish. Head longer than wide, faintly tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures present, posterior margin somewhat emarginate in the middle. Eyes prominent, but shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint shorter than distance between antennal bases; strongly narrowed basally, expanded apically; second joint quadrate, third somewhat longer than fourth. Pronotum strongly transverse, lateral margins more or less straight and parallel, posterior angles rounded, posterior margin convex; median longitudinal furrow faint, prozona tumid, lateral parts of disc deplanate. Tegmina and wings normally developed, wings yellow. Abdomen fusiform, lateral sides convex in superior view; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct. Ultimate tergite strongly transverse, depressed medially near posterior margin, and postero-lateral angles with sharp angular lobe. Pygidium simple, transverse. Forceps (Fig. 745) very remote at the base; branches more or less cylindrical in cross-section, with a small conical tooth near the base on the inner margins. Genitalia (Fig. 746) large; central parameral plate well developed, broad; virga within genital lobe long, basal vesicle characteristic, associated with a smaller, and a further larger strongly sclerotized plates; external parameres with inner margins straight. - Female unknwon. - Length of body with forceps: 14 mm. Distribution: Syria.

Fig. 745 Holotype ultimate tergite with forceps of Anechura globalis STEINMANN. Original.

Fig. 746 Holotype genital armature of Anechura globalis STEINMANN. Original.

466 9.

Anechura nayyari

KAPOOR

1966 Anechura nayyari KAPOOR, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (13) 9: 389; fig. 1 (basal antennal joints), 2 (pronotum, tegmina and wings), 3 (male forceps), 4 (episthomeres), 5 (penultimate sternite), 6 (genitalia of holotype). - Terra typica: Himalaya (Type male: KAPOOR'S Collection). L i t e r a t u r e : SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 .

Description: Male general colour black. Head large, broad, frons tumid; occiput largely depressed; postfrontal and coronal sutures prominent, posterior margin of head convex in the middle. Eyes small, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae 12-jointed; first large and club-shaped, about equal in length to second and third combined, fourth slightly smaller than third. Pronotum transverse, about as wide as head, semicircular; anterior margin nearly straight, sides prominently rounded, posterior margin slightly rounded; prozona very slightly tumid, metazona not depressed. Tegmina normally developed, wings exposed posteriorly. Abdomen fusiform, much depressed in the middle, median segments smooth. Ultimate tergite transverse, smooth, posterior margin trisinuate. Pygidium small, more or less as long as wide, posterior margin strongly concave. Forceps (Fig. 747) remote at base, basal portion much depressed, forming a pair of tooth-like tubercles pointing towards each other, and then arcuate, ending in pointed apex. Genitalia (Fig. 748) characteristic; central parameral plate strongly widened apically, virga within genital lobe long, chitinized and elbowed at the junction with the reniform, not of Anechura-type basal vesicle. External parameres fully developed, much wider near the base and narrower towards the apices, which are nearly pointed. - Female unknwon. Length of body with forceps: 19.5 mm. Distribution: India: Himalaya.

Fig. 747 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Anechura nayyari KAPOOR. After KAPOOR.

Fig. 748 Holotype genital armature of Anechura nayyari KAPOOR. After KAPOOR.

467 10. Anechura filchneri

(BURR)

1908 Odontopsalisfilchneri BURR, in FILCHNER, Wiss. Ergeb. Exp. China and Tibet, Zool.-Bot., 10: 58; pi. 3, fig. 8 (male in dorsal view). - Terra typica: Tibet (Type male: unknown locality). 1911 Anechura filchneri - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 73. 1933 Anechura filchneri-BEY-BŒNKO, Ark. Zool., Uppsala, 25A (20): 2 (China: Gansu) (description of female). Literature: BEY-BIENKO, 1936; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1968; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 , 1 9 8 4 .

Description: Male general colour shiny dark brownish-black; sides of pronotum, tegmina and wings testaceous brown. Head large, broad, frons somewhat tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct, posterior margin more or less straight. Eyes small, essentially shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint short, narrowed basally, widened apically, shorter than distance between antennal bases; second quadrate, third typical, longer than fourth. Pronotum strongly transverse, about as wide as the head or a little wider; anterior margin transversely truncate, lateral sides with posterior angles rounded, posterior margin convex; median longitudinal furrow present, prozona faintly tumid, metazona deplanate. Tegmina comparatively short, posterior margins obliquely truncate, wings present. Abdomen somewhat depressed, lateral margins of abdominal tergites convex in superior view; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct. Ultimate tergite transverse, tumid elevation above bases of forceps strongly or poorly developed. Pygidium transverse, somewhat reflexed along posterior margin, postero-lateral angles ending in a minute point. Forceps remote at base (Fig. 749), branches short and stout (f. microlabia), and long and slender (f. macrolabia), armed at base with a small vertical tooth above and with another somewhat similiar tooth below. Genitalia (Fig. 750) well developed;

Fig. 749 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Anechura filchneri (BURR). Original.

Fig. 750 Male genital armature of Anechura filchneri (BURR). Original.

468 central parameral plate narrowed basally, and somewhat widened apically or occasionally medially; virga within genital lobe long, of Anechura-type, with specific basal vesicle; external parameres comparatively long and narrow, straight. - Female very similar to male, but ultimate tergite simple, smooth, and forceps straight, contiguous, simple. - Length of body with forceps, male: 10-13 mm, female: 9 - 1 0 mm. Distribution: India: Himalaya; China: Tibet, Szechwan, Gansu, and Mongolia. 11.

Anechura modesta

BEY-BIENKO

1959 Anechura modesta BEY-BIENKO, Ent. Obozr., Moscow, 38: 619. - Terra typica: China: Yunnan (Type male: unknown locality). 1975 Anechura modesta - STEINMANN, Folia ent. hung., 28 (1): 160; fig. 27 (male ultimate tergite with forceps). Literature: SAKAI, 1973, 1982; SRIVASTAVA, 1976.

Description: Male general colour black, antennae brownish-yellow, lateral margins of pronotum yellowish, legs reddish-yellow. Head longer than wide; a little tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct, posterior margin concave in the middle. Eyes typical, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae 12-jointed; first joint small, essentially shorter than distance between antennal bases; second quadrate, third about equal in length to fourth or somewhat longer. Pronotum slightly transverse, anterior margin truncate, lateral margins faintly convex, posterior angles and margin rounded; median longitudinal furrow distinct. Tegmina and wings well developed. Abdomen fusiform, tergites punctured; lateral glandular folds present on tergites 3 - 4 . Ultimate tergite strongly transverse, depressed medially near posterior margin. Pygidium transverse, simple. Forceps (Fig. 751) comparatively short, stout; branches depressed basally and medially, more or less oval or cylindrical in cross-section apically; the basal portion of forceps trigonal, ventral edge with two or three denticles. Genitalia unknown. - Female unknown to me. - Length of body with forceps: 16-18 mm. Distribution: China: Yunnan.

Fig. 751 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Anechura modesta BEY-BIENKO. After STEINMANN.

469 12.

Anechura primaria

BEY-BIENKO

1959 Anechura primaria BEY-BIENKO, Ent. Obozr., Moscow, 38: 619; fig. 36 (male ultimate tergite with forceps). - Terra typica: China: Szechwan (Type male: unknown locality). Literature: SAKAI, 1973, 1982; SRIVASTAVA, 1976.

Description: Male general colour dark brownish-black; head black, antennae brownish; tegmina and wings yellowish-brown, abdominal tergites blackish, forceps dark reddish-black. Head large, broad, frons tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct, but present, posterior margin concave in the middle. Eyes typical for the genus, small, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint comparatively small, shorter than distance between antennal bases. Pronotum slightly transverse, anterior margin transversely truncate, lateral margins with posterior margin broadly rounded; median longitudinal furrow distinct. Tegmina and wings normally developed. Abdomen comparatively short and wide, somewhat depressed; tergites punctured; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct. Ultimate tergite transverse, median part with a deeply depression near posterior margin. Pygidium large, transverse, with a rounded dorsal portion. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 752) strongly curved and undulate; somewhat basally, cylindrical in cross-section medially and apically, without teeth. Genitalia unknown. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 16 mm. Distribution: China: Szechwan.

Fig. 752 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Anechura primaria BEY-BIENKO. After BEY-BIENKO.

13. Anechura quelparta

OKAMOTO

1924 Anechura quelparta OKAMOTO, Bull. Agr. Exp. Station Korea, 1 (2): 53; pi. 8, fig. 5 (male forceps). - Terra typica: Korea (Type male: unknown locality). Literature: BEY-BIENKO, 1936; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1968; SAKAI, 1973, 1982; SHIRAKI, STEINMANN, 1977, 1989, 1990.

1928;

470 Description: Male very similar to japónica (BORMANS). Head dark reddish, antennae dark brown, legs lighter brown; lateral margins of pronotum yellowish, tegmina and wings unicolorous, brownish-black, abdominal tergites with forceps dark brown. Cuticle punctured. Head longer than wide, frons tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures present, but faint; posterior margin of head faintly concave in the middle. Eyes small but prominent, significantly shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae 12-jointed; first joint comparatively long, about as long as distance between antennal bases, the rest typical. Pronotum strongly transverse, anterior margin transversely truncate, lateral sides more or less straight, posterior angles with margin broadly rounded; median longitudinal furrow distinct; prozona faintly tumid, metazona deplanate. Tegmina moderately short, wings distinct. Abdomen comparatively long, somewhat depressed, tergites with deep punctures; lateral glandular folds on third tergite small, those on tergite 4 large. Ultimate tergite strongly transverse, depressed medially near posterior margin, and with smaller, indistinct pegs laterally. Pygidium hidden. Forceps (Fig. 753) of japónica-type; branches straight medially, inner ventral surface with a larger, triangular tooth. Genitalia (Fig. 754, gen.prep. No. 957, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) specific; central parameral plate moderately long and narrow, virga within genital lobe comparatively short, basal vesicle not of Anechura-type; external parameres normally developed, straight. - Female very similar to male in external characteristics, but forceps straight, simple. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 12-15 mm. Distribution: Quelparta Island (near South Korea).

Fig. 753 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Anechura quelparta OKAMOTO. Original.

Fig. 754 Male genital armature of Anechura quelparta OKAMOTO. Original.

471 14. Anechura pirpanjalae

KAPOOR

1955 Anechura bipunctata var. pirpanjalae SANTOCK SINGH, Agra Univ. J. Res. (Sci.), 4 (1): 182; fig. 6 (male in dorsal view), 7 (female forceps), 8 (first five antennal joints), 9 (antenna), 10 (leg). Terra typica: India (Type male: Nation. Coll. Zool. Survey India. Calcutta). 1966 Anechura pirpanjalae (as sp.n.) KAPOOR, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (13) 9: 391; fig. 7 (basal antennal joints), 8 (pronotum, tegmina and wings), 9 (male ultimate tergite with forceps), 10 (opisthomeres), 11 (penultimate sternite), 12 (genitalia of holotype). 1984 Anechura pirpanjalae - SRIVASTAVA, Proc. Wkshp. High Alt. Ent. & Wildl. Ecol. zool. Surv. India: 117 (incorrect synonymy with zubovskii SEMENOV, 1901). Literature: STEINMANN, 1990.

Description: Male general colour black; pronotum, tegmina and wings with yellowish tinges. Head large, broad, frons tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures distinct; occiput slightly depressed in the middle and tumid on the lateral sides; posterior margin of head concave in the middle. Eyes small, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae 12-jointed; first joint club-shaped, and nearly equal to the second and third combined; fourth smaller than third. Pronotum transverse, about as wide as head, anterior margin straight, lateral margins parallel anteriorly and rounded posteriorly; posterior margin convex; prozona tumid, somewhat depressed in the middle on either side of the suture, metazona very slightly depressed on the posterior side. Tegmina and wings normally developed. Abdomen short and broad, quite depressed in the middle; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct, large. Ultimate tergite ample, transverse, with anterior side more tumid and posterior side quite depressed between the forceps; a strong conical tubercle is present at each exterior angle

Fig. 755 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Anechura pirpanjalae

Fig. 756 Holotype genital armature of Anechura pirpanjalae KAPOOR. After

Fig. 757 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Anechura pirpanjalae

KAPOOR. A f t e r KAPOOR.

KAPOOR.

KAPOOR. A f t e r SANTOCK SINGH.

472 present (similar to Oreasiobia species), in-between the tubercles another pair of small, somewhat conical, tubercle-like prominences are present near the roots of the forceps. Pygidium comparatively small, broad. Forceps (Fig. 755) remote at base with a small, conical and strong tooth near the base on either dorsal side, another pair of small pointed teeth present very near the basal sides. Genitalia (Fig. 756) specific, and not of Anechura-type; central parameral plate very short, virga within genital lobe long and clearly elbowed at the junction with the reniform vasal vesicle. External parameres fully developed, and curved apically. - Female similar to male, but ultimate tergite smooth, simple, and forceps (Fig. 757) straight, somewhat trigonal basally, cylindrical and simple medially and apically. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 17-23 mm. Distribution: India. 15. Anechura zubovskii SEMENOV 1901 Anechura zubovskii unknown locality, 1910 Anechura zubovskii (Kashmir). 1975 Anechura zubovskii

SEMENOV, Trud. Russ. ent. Obr., 35:188. - Terra typica: Tibet (Type male: perhaps undesignated in Zool. Inst. Mus. Acad. Sci. URSS, Leningrad). - BURR, Fauna brit. India Dermaptera: 160; fig. 52 (male in dorsal view) - STEINMANN, Folia ent. hung., 28 (1): 162; fig. 32 (male genitalia, gen.prep.

N o . 5 4 3 , d e t . D r . H . STEINMANN). L i t e r a t u r e : BEY-BIENKO,

1925,

1934,

1 9 3 6 ; BOESEMAN, 1 9 5 4 ; BORELLI, 1 9 0 9 ; BURR, 1 9 1 1 ,

1912;

KAPOOR, 1 9 6 7 ; KIRBY, 1 9 0 4 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 , 1 9 8 2 , 1 9 8 4 ; STEINMANN,

1989, 1990.

Description: Male general colour black to brownish, somewhat shiny; lateral margins of pronotum yellow, tegmina and wings with a smaller or larger yellowish spot. Cuticle glabrous and smooth. Head tumid, smooth, postfrontal and coronal sutures fairly distinct, posterior margin concave in the middle. Eyes small, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint small, shorter than the distance between antennal bases; second transverse, third and the rest typical for the genus. Pronotum transverse, truncate on anterior margin, convex posteriorly, the sides parallel. Tegmina rather short, not surpassing and scarcely equalling the posterior femora in length. Abdomen very broad and depressed in the middle, smooth, lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct. Ultimate tergite transverse, posteriorly in middle depressed, tumid above bases of forceps, armed at exterior angle with a sharp ridge, sometimes poorly marked. Pygidium more transverse, simple. Forceps (Fig. 758) with the branches very remote at the base, rather stout, roundly triangular, with a short conical tooth near the base on the upper surface; the branches are directed at first gently upwards and outwards, and then, at one quarter of their length, bowed strongly downwards; at about three-quarters of their length, then are horizontal and almost parallel as far as the apices, which are gently hooked. Genitalia (Fig. 759, gen.prep. No. 543, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) characteristic; central parameral plate very large and broad, virga within genital lobe very long, with a specific,

473 strongly sclerotized basal vesicle. External parameres well developed, widening basally, and gradually narrowing to apex. - Female very similar to male, but ultimate tergite and forceps simple. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 14-17 mm. Distribution: India: Kashmir, and China: Tibet.

Fig. 758 Male forceps of Anechura zubovskii SEMENOV. Original.

Fig. 759 Male genital armature of Anechura zubovskii SEMENOV. Original.

16. Anechura torquata

BURR

1905 Anechura torquata BURR, Entomologist's month. Mag., 16: 84. - Terra typica: Tonkin (Type male: Mus. nation. Hist, nat., Paris). L i t e r a t u r e : BEY-BIENKO, 1 9 5 9 ; BURR, 1 9 1 1 ; POPHAM SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 7 5 , 1 9 8 9 , 1 9 9 0 .

&

BRINDLE,

1968;

SAKAI,

1973,

1982;

Description: Male general colour dark reddish, sometimes brownish-black, shiny; lateral margins of pronotum light brown; antennae and legs brown. Head large, broad, frons tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct, posterior margin concave in the middle. Eyes typical for the genus, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint comparatively short, shorter than distance between antennal bases, second quadrate, third somewhat longer than fourth. Pronotum transverse, anterior margin transversally truncate, lateral margins faintly convex, posterior angles and margin broadly rounded; median longitudinal furrow indistinct, prozona tumid, metazona deplanate. Tegmina and wings of Anechura-type, moderately short. Abdomen fusiform, slightly widened medially, lateral glandular folds on tergite 3 small, those on tergite 4 large. Ultimate tergite transverse, simple. Pygidium prominent, of Doru- or

474 Allodahlia-type. Forceps (Fig. 760) somewhat trigonal in cross-section basally, cylindrical medially and apically; branches strongly undulated, inner margins with a pair of large teeth each. Genitalia (Fig. 761, gen.prep. No. 520, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) not of Anechura-type; central parameral plate large, oval, virga very long with strongly sclerotized basal vesicle, external parameres broad and short. - Female unknown to me. - Length of body with forceps: 18 mm. Distribution: Vietnam, and China: Szechwan.

Fig. 760

Male forceps of Anechura torquata

BURR. O r i g i n a l .

Fig. 761 Male genital armature of Anechura torquate BURR. Original.

17. Anechura crinitata 1 9 0 5 Apterygida

crinitata

(SHIRAKI)

SHIRAKI ( n e c BURR, 1 9 0 6 ) , Trans. S a p p o r o n a t . H i s t . S o c . , 1 (2): 1 1 . - T e r r a

typica: Formosa (Type male: unknown locality). 1911 Anechura crinitata - BURR, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (8) 8: 52. 1911 Anechura crinitata - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 73; pi. 7, fig. 10 (male in dorsal view), pi. 8, fig. 4 (ditto). L i t e r a t u r e : BORELLI, 1 9 2 7 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 ; SAKAI, 1973, 1 9 8 2 ; SHIRAKI, 1 9 2 8 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1976; STEINMANN, 1 9 8 9 , 1 9 9 0 .

Description: Male head, apical part of tibiae, and tarsi, reddish-yellow or sometimes light brown; antennae and body dark brown, forceps reddish-brown. Head large, broad, tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct, posterior margin straight. Eyes small, essentially shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint comparatively long, about as long as distance between

475 antennal bases, second joint quadrate, third longer than fourth. Pronotum about as long as wide, or very faintly transverse; anterior margin truncate, lateral margins convex, posterior angles and margin broadly rounded, median longitudinal furrow present. Tegmina and wings normally developed, unicolorous. Abdomen fusiform, somewhat narrowed basally, and widened medially; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct. Ultimate tergite strongly transverse, simple, smooth. Pygidium very small, generally hidden in superior view. Forceps (Fig. 762) strongly undulate; branches remote at base, inner margins with a pair of large teeth each. Genitalia unknown to me. - Female similar to male, but forceps straight, contiguous, tapering, simple. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 12-15 mm. Distribution: Taiwan.

Fig. 762 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Anechura crinitata (SHIRAKI). After BURR.

18. Anechura bipunctata

(FABRICIUS)

1781 Forficula bipunctata FABRICIUS, Spec. Ins.: 340. - Terra typica: Italy (Type female: Zool. Mus., Kobenhavn). 1794 Forficula biguttata FABRICIUS, Ent. Syst., 2: 2. - Terra typica: Hungary (Type male: lost). 1846 Chelidura anthracina KOLENATI, Malet. Ent., 5: 73; pi. 17, fig. 5 (male in dorsal view). - Terra typica: "Europe" (Type male: unknown locality). 1854 Forficula fabricii FIEBER, Lotos, 3: 253. - Terra typica and type: unknown. 1900 Anechura bipunctata - BORMANS & KRAUSS, Das Tierreich, Berlin, 11: 101. 1 9 0 0 Anechura bipunctata orientalis KRAUSS, in BORMANS & KRAUSS, Das Tierreich, Berlin, 1 1 : 1 0 1 . — Terra typica: Krim (Type female: unknown locality). 1 9 0 1 Anechura orientalis SEMENOV (nec KRAUSS), Horae Soc. ent. Ross., 3 5 : 187. - Terra typica: Rossia (Type male: unknown locality). 1903 Anechura asiatica SEMENOV, Ent. Obozr., Moscow, 3: 197. - Terra typica: Rossia (Type male: Zool. Inst. Mus. Acad. Sei. URSS, Leningrad). 1904 Anechura orientalis (SEMENOV, nec KRAUSS) - KIRBY, Syn. Cat. Orth., 1: 40 (as synonym of orientalis KRAUSS, 1900). 1974 Anechura bipunctata - STEINMANN, Fauna Hung., 118: 25; fig. 14A (male forceps), 14B (male genitalia, gen.prep. No. 22, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN), 14C (female forceps) (Central and East Europe, Mongolia). Literature: BAZYLUK, 1956; BEY-BIENKO, 1 9 3 4 , 1 9 3 6 ; BOESEMAN, 1954; BORELLI, 1926; BRINDLE, 1966, 1968; BURR, 1911, 1 9 1 2 , 1 9 1 5 , 1916; CHOPARD, 1922, 1 9 5 1 ; HOULBERT, 1924; FINOT, 1 8 9 0 ; MORALES AGACINO, 1 9 5 0 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1968; SAKAI, 1973, 1 9 8 2 ; RAMME, 1 9 2 9 ;

476 SEMENOV & BEY-BIENKO, 1 9 3 4 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 7 7 , 1 9 8 5 , 1 9 8 9 , 1 9 9 0 ; TÜMPEL, 1 9 0 0 ; ZACHER, 1912.

Description: Male bicolorous; posterior part of head, and basal part of forceps reddish, legs, lateral portions of pronotum, patches of tegmina and wings, yellowish; anterior part of head, median portion of pronotum, tegmina and abdominal tergites, dark brownish-black. Head smooth, tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct, posterior margin of head straight. Eyes small, significatly shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae 12-jointed; first joint short, narrowed basally, widened apically, shorter than distance between antennal bases; second quadrate, third longer than fourth. Pronotum transverse, anterior margin transversely truncate, lateral margins more or less straight and parallel, posterior angles rounded, posterior margin convex; median longitudinal furrow present. Tegmina and wings well developed. Abdomen fusiform, somewhat depressed; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 small, those on tergite 4 large. Ultimate tergite transverse, depressed medially near posterior margin, lateral parts with smaller or larger pegs. Pygidium short, broad, simple. Forceps (Fig. 763) strongly undulate horizontally and vertically, branches more or less cylindrical in cross-section, dorsal surface with or without smaller or larger tooth, inner margin ornamented by a smaller, sometimes larger, triangular tooth. Genitalia (Fig. 764, gen.prep. No. 22, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN from Mongolia), of

Fig. 763 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Anechura bipunctata

Fig. 764 Male genital armature of Anechura

(FABRICIUS). O r i g i n a l .

A f t e r STEINMANN.

bipunctata

(FABRICIUS).

Fig. 765 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Anechura bipunctata (FABRICIUS). STEINMANN.

After

477 Anechura-type; central parameral plate comparatively narrow and elongate, virga within genital lobe long, basally with a characteristic curve (bipunctatatype), followed by basal vesicle; the latter rounded, with a minute appendix directed towards external parameres. External parameres thin, comparatively small, apices acute. - Female very similar to male, but ultimate tergite simple, smooth, pygidium small, quadrate, and forceps (Fig. 765) straight, somewhat depressed, simple. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 13-21 mm. Distribution: Central and East Europe, West and Central Asia. 19.

Anechura svenhedini

BEY-BIENKO

1933 Anechura sven-hedini BEY-BIENKO, Ark. Zool., Uppsala, 25A (20): 4; pi. 1, fig. 2 (male in dorsal view). - Terra typica: China: Szechwan (Type male: unknown locality). 1975 Anechura svenhedini- STEINMANN, Folia ent. hung., 28 (1): 160; fig. 29 (male genitalia, gen.prep. No. 519, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN), 30 (male forceps) (China: Szechwan, Tibet). Literature: BEY-BIENKO, 1 9 3 4 , 1 9 3 6 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1968; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1976; STEINMANN, 1 9 8 9 , 1 9 9 0 .

Description: Male small, for the genus, form relatively robust. General colour darkish-brown; head unicolour, reddish, pronotum blackish-brown, with dirty pale lateral margins; tegmina unicolour, without light spots, dirty pale, the visible part of the wings has the same color. Head depressed, postfrontal and coronal sutures distinct. Eyes small, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First

Fig. 766 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Anechura svenhedini BEY-BIENKO. After BEY-BIENKO.

Fig. 767

Male genital armature of Anechura

svenhedini

BEY-BIENKO. After STEINMANN.

478 antennal joint small, shorter than distance between antennal bases; second quadrate, third joint distinctly longer than fourth. Pronotum transverse, lateral margins parallel in anterior half, posterior margin, including externo-posterior angles, broadly rounded; prozona distinctly tumid in anterior part, with extremely dense and very fine, practically indistinct, puncturation; metazona deplanate. Tegmina short, two times as long as the pronotum, with very sparse puncturation, posterior margin indistinctly rounded, practically straight; median longitudinal furrow indistinct. Wings very short, scarcely visible beyond the tegmina. Abdomen widened before its apex, anterior tergites finely punctured, specially in anterior half; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 well developed. Ultimate tergite transverse, with bow-shaped median impression and with two lateral inflations scarcely becoming two tubercles. Pygidium short, broad, with distinct very obtuse, broadly conical, tubercle near median part of pygidium. Forceps (Fig. 766) strongly undulate, very similar to bipunctata (FABRICIUS). Genitalia (Fig. 767) specific; central parameral plate comparatively narrow, medially somewhat widened; virga within genital lobe long, basal vesicle characteristic: a sac of two branches, resembling a bean; external parameres fully developed, with apices obtuse. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 16 mm. Distribution: China: Szechwan, Tibet, and Gansu.

Doubtful position ? Anechura sokotrana

BURR

1905 Anechura sokotrana BURR, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (7) 16: 493. - Terra typica: Sokotra (Type unknown, perhaps undesignated in Brit. Mus. nat. Hist., London).

? Anechura nigrescens

SHIRAKI

1936 Anechura nigrescens SHIRAKI (only with hand-write), Rept. First Sci. Exp. Manchuku. - Terra typica: Manchuria (Type unknown).

? Anechura rubicapitis Liu 1946 Anechura rubicapitis Liu, Jl. W. China Border Res. Soc., 16: 19. - Terra typica: China (Type unknown).

Subfamily 1907 Neolobophorinae

BURR,

7:

Neolobophorinae

Trans, ent. Soc. London,

1907:

BURR

118. - Genus typicum: Neolobophora

SCUDDER, 1 8 7 5 .

1907 Eudohrninae BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. London, 1 9 0 7 : 97. - Genus typicum: Eudohrnia 1907. - syn.n. 1911 Neolobophorinae - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 1 2 2 : 83 (key to genera).

BURR,

479 Neolobophoridae BRUES, MELANDER & CARPENTER, Classification of Insects, Cambridge (Mass.): 115. 1965 Neolobophorinae - POPHAM, Entomologist, London, 98: 136. 1966 Neolobophorinae — BRINDLE, Revue Zool.-Bot. afr., 74: 45 (as synonym of Opisthocosmiinae). 1975 Neolobophorinae - STEINMANN, Acta zool. hung., 21: 219 (as valid subfamily). 1989 Neolobophorinae - STEINMANN, World Catalogue of Dermaptera, Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, p. 7 8 3 . Literature: BURR, 1 9 1 6 ; REHN, 1924; REICHARDT, 1971; SAKAI, 1973, 1982; STEINMANN, 1983. 1954

Description: Body median size. First antennal joint bicarinate or normally developed; the rest of the antennal joints comparatively short. Head globose, postfrontal and coronal sutures more or less distinct. Pronotum about as wide as head. Tegmina rudimentary, abbreviated or short. Abdomen cylindrical, smooth, ultimate tergite more or less wide, generally transverse, simple or with two spines near posterior margin. Male forceps various, inner margins with or without tooth. Distribution: Oriental and Neotropical regions. 5 genera. Identification key to the genera 1 V 2 2' 3

First antennal joint bicarinate. Oriental species Genus 50: Eudohrnia, p. 479 First antennal joint smooth. Neotropical species 2 Tegmina rudimentary, represented by lateral flaps Genus 51: Tristanella, p. 483 Tegmina abbreviated or short 3 Head, pronotum, and tegmina dull, with numerous blackish setae; tegmina relatively well developed, with small wings Genus 52: Setocordax, p. 487 3' Head, pronotum, and tegmina shiny, without numerous blackish setae; tegmina short . . . 4 4 Eyes comparatively large, at least as long as length of head behind eyes, or almost so; occiput smaller, not swollen nor divided medially; head unicolorous, postfrontal and coronal sutures absent or almost so Genus 53: Neolobophora, p. 488 4' Eyes comparatively small, shorter than the length of head behind eyes; occiput large and swollen, divided medially, often brightly coloured, postfrontal and coronal sutures well marked Genus 54: Metresura, p. 492

Genus 50: Eudohrnia

BURR

1907 Eudohrnia BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. London, 1907: 97. - Species typica: Forficula metallica Dohrn, 1865 (for subfamily Eudohrninae). 1910 Eudohrnia - BURR, Fauna brit. India Dermaptera: 178 (in subfamily Opisthocosmiinae). 1911 Eudohrnia - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 82 (in subfamily Eudohrninae). 1989 Eudohrnia- STEINMANN, World Catalogue of Dermaptera, Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, p. 783 (in subfamily Neolobophorinae). Literature: KAPOOR, 1967; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1968; SAKAI, 1973, 1982; SRIVASTAVA, 1976; STEINMANN, 1975; TOWNES, 1 9 4 5 .

Description: Body cylindrical and elongate. Head smooth, globose, postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct. Antennae rather strong, the first joint strong, cylindrical, long, and distinctly bicarinate; third joint elongate, rather clubbed at the apex; fourth rather long and thick; fifth longer, the rest gradually lengthening, subconical. Pronotum nearly square, rounded posteriorly, lateral

479 Neolobophoridae BRUES, MELANDER & CARPENTER, Classification of Insects, Cambridge (Mass.): 115. 1965 Neolobophorinae - POPHAM, Entomologist, London, 98: 136. 1966 Neolobophorinae — BRINDLE, Revue Zool.-Bot. afr., 74: 45 (as synonym of Opisthocosmiinae). 1975 Neolobophorinae - STEINMANN, Acta zool. hung., 21: 219 (as valid subfamily). 1989 Neolobophorinae - STEINMANN, World Catalogue of Dermaptera, Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, p. 7 8 3 . Literature: BURR, 1 9 1 6 ; REHN, 1924; REICHARDT, 1971; SAKAI, 1973, 1982; STEINMANN, 1983. 1954

Description: Body median size. First antennal joint bicarinate or normally developed; the rest of the antennal joints comparatively short. Head globose, postfrontal and coronal sutures more or less distinct. Pronotum about as wide as head. Tegmina rudimentary, abbreviated or short. Abdomen cylindrical, smooth, ultimate tergite more or less wide, generally transverse, simple or with two spines near posterior margin. Male forceps various, inner margins with or without tooth. Distribution: Oriental and Neotropical regions. 5 genera. Identification key to the genera 1 V 2 2' 3

First antennal joint bicarinate. Oriental species Genus 50: Eudohrnia, p. 479 First antennal joint smooth. Neotropical species 2 Tegmina rudimentary, represented by lateral flaps Genus 51: Tristanella, p. 483 Tegmina abbreviated or short 3 Head, pronotum, and tegmina dull, with numerous blackish setae; tegmina relatively well developed, with small wings Genus 52: Setocordax, p. 487 3' Head, pronotum, and tegmina shiny, without numerous blackish setae; tegmina short . . . 4 4 Eyes comparatively large, at least as long as length of head behind eyes, or almost so; occiput smaller, not swollen nor divided medially; head unicolorous, postfrontal and coronal sutures absent or almost so Genus 53: Neolobophora, p. 488 4' Eyes comparatively small, shorter than the length of head behind eyes; occiput large and swollen, divided medially, often brightly coloured, postfrontal and coronal sutures well marked Genus 54: Metresura, p. 492

Genus 50: Eudohrnia

BURR

1907 Eudohrnia BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. London, 1907: 97. - Species typica: Forficula metallica Dohrn, 1865 (for subfamily Eudohrninae). 1910 Eudohrnia - BURR, Fauna brit. India Dermaptera: 178 (in subfamily Opisthocosmiinae). 1911 Eudohrnia - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 82 (in subfamily Eudohrninae). 1989 Eudohrnia- STEINMANN, World Catalogue of Dermaptera, Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, p. 783 (in subfamily Neolobophorinae). Literature: KAPOOR, 1967; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1968; SAKAI, 1973, 1982; SRIVASTAVA, 1976; STEINMANN, 1975; TOWNES, 1 9 4 5 .

Description: Body cylindrical and elongate. Head smooth, globose, postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct. Antennae rather strong, the first joint strong, cylindrical, long, and distinctly bicarinate; third joint elongate, rather clubbed at the apex; fourth rather long and thick; fifth longer, the rest gradually lengthening, subconical. Pronotum nearly square, rounded posteriorly, lateral

480 margins without keels. Abdomen cylindrical, ultimate tergite of male smoother than the abdomen, short, broad, impressed in the middle, scarcely tuberculate; in female narrow and sloping. Branches of forceps of male elongate, nearly straight. Distribution: Middle Asia. 2 species (and 1 species in doubtful position). Identification key to the species 1

Male pygidium strongly transverse, posterior margin ornamented with three very small tubercles (Fig. 768) male forceps very long, inner margins with a smaller median tooth 1. Eudohrnia metallica, p. 480 1' Male pygidium small, about as long as wide, posterior margin broadly concave (Fig. 771); male forceps very long, but inner margins without median tooth 2. Eudohrnia uniformis, p. 481 1.

Eudohrnia metallica

(DOHRN)

1865 Forficula metallica DOHRN, Stettiner ent. Ztg. 26: 90. - Terra typica: Assam (Type male, gen.prep. No. 496, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN: Instytut Zoologiczny, Warszawa). 1904 Anechura metallica - KIRBY, Syn. Cat. Orth., 1: 41. 1907 Eudohrnia metallica - BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. London, 1907: 97. 1946 Sondaxpubescens Liu, J. W. China Border Res. Soc., 16:15. - Terra typica: SW China (Type nymph - unknown). 1974 Eudohrnia metallica - BRINDLE, Senckenberg. biol., 55: 161; fig. 25 (female in dorsal view) (Nepal). 1979 Eudohrnia metallica — STEINMANN, Folia ent. hung.,32(1): 169; fig. 36 (holotype ultimate tergite with forceps), 37 (holotype genital armature, gen.prep. No. 496, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) (Assam, Himalaya, Vietnam). Literature: BEY-BIENKO, 1959; BOESEMAN, 1954; BRINDLE, 1968; BORMANS, 1894; BORMANS & KRAUSS, 1900; BURR, 1911, 1912; KAPOOR, 1 9 6 7 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1968; SAKAI, 1973, SRIVASTAVA, 1976.

1982;

Description: Male large but not stout. General colour reddish-chestnut, the pronotum and abdomen metallic bronze green; antennae reddish, head bright reddish, legs black. Head large, smooth, posterior margin broadly rounded. Eyes prominent but small, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint about as long as distance between antennal bases; second quadrate, third comparatively short, the rest strongly conical. Pronotum somewhat longer than wide; lateral margins narrowed posteriorly, posterior margin with angles broadly rounded; prozona somewhat tumid, as is also the metazona, separated by an indistinct transverse impression; median longitudinal furrow obsolete. Cuticle faintly punctulate. Tegmina ample, dull reddish-chestnut, fairly strongly and very densely punctulate. Wings ample, smoky black, the scales are metallic greenish bronze with sparse punctulations, the apices paler. Abdomen elongate, cylindrical, greenish metallic bronze, coarsely punctulate; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 very distinct. Ultimate tergite transverse, punctulate, somewhat attenuate in the male, transversely impressed, rectangular. Pygidium transverse, large, smooth, posterior margin ornamented with three small tubercles. Forceps

481 (Fig. 768) remote at base, very long and slender, nearly straight, trigonal at the base itself, the nearly obsolete keels covered with a row of small tubercles; inner margin denticulate; halfway down there is a small but sharp, distinct tooth, beyond which the branches are unarmed and incurved at the apex. Genitalia (Fig. 769) characteristic; central parameral plate very long and narrow, virga within genital lobe long and thin, its basal section curved, subtending 180 then joining basal vesicle after another curvature. External parameres well developed, obtuse apically. - Female very similar to male, but forceps (Fig. 770) subcontiguous, excavate at the base itself on the inner margin to admit the pygidium, then nearly straight, very gently sinuate, elongate, unarmed, and smooth. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 18-30 mm. Distribution: India, Nepal, South China, Burma and Vietnam.

Fig. 768 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Eudohrnia metallica

Fig. 769 Holotype genital armature of Eudohrnia metallica (DOHRN). After

Fig. 770 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Eudohrnia metallica

( D O H R N ) . A f t e r STEINMANN.

STEINMANN.

( D O H R N ) . A f t e r BRINDLE.

2.

Eudohrnia uniformis

BRINDLE

1975 Eudohrnia uniformis BRINDLE, Ent. Basil., 1: 50; fig. 59 (male in dorsal view). - Terra typica: Bhutan (Type male: Naturhist. Mus., Basel). L i t e r a t u r e : SAKAI, 1 9 8 2 .

482 Description: Male blackish, tibiae and tarsi dark brown; tegmina dark reddish or purplish-red. Cuticle shiny, that of abdomen with a brassy sheen, that of tegmina and wings duller. Cuticle of head smooth, pronotum rugose posteriorly; tegmina and wings deeply and strongly punctured, the punctures large and coalescing, forming irregular ridges; wings smooth except for scattered punctures. Abdominal tergites with puncturation as on tegmina and wings, but punctures rather smaller and tending to form transverse, striations. Head transverse, vertex depressed posterior to postfrontal sutures; two triangular depressions occur between the antennal bases. Eyes small, rather prominent. First antennal joint short, shorter than distance between antennal bases; second quadrate, third nearly two and half times as long as wide. Pronotum strongly transverse, widened posteriorly; median longitudinal furrow distinct. Tegmina and wings fully developed. Abdomen almost parallel-sided, slightly widened to tergites 7-8; lateral glandular folds on third tergite small, those on fourth large. Ultimate tergite transverse, swollen above the base of each branch of the forceps. Pygidium small, posterior margin strongly concave. Forceps (Fig. 771) cylindrical, but widened and angular near base, the inner margin with small crenulations on basal third; branch curved near base, then straight and narrowing, apical portion slender and incurved. - Female similar to male, but smaller, ultimate tergite narrow, both branches of the forceps trigonal for basal two-thirds or more with a blunt dorsal ridge, inner margin with very small crenulations, apical part slender and incurved. - Length of body with forceps, male: 29-30 mm, female: 20-21 mm. Distribution: Bhutan.

Fig. 771 Holotype ultimate tergite with forceps of Eudohrnia uniformis BRINDLE. After BRINDLE.

483 Doutbful position ? Eudohrnia zeae (Liu) 1946 Timomenus zeae Liu, J.W. China Border Res. Soc., 16: 6. - Terra typica: China: Szechwan (Type unknown).

Genus

51:

Tristanella

BORELLI

1909 Tristanella BORELLI, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. R. Univ., Torino, 24 (611): 17. - Species typica: Tristanella tuberculata BORELLI, 1909. 1911 Tristanella ~ BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 85 (in subfamily Ancistrogastrinae). 1973 Tristanella ~ SAKAI, Dermapterorum Cat. Prael., Tokyo, 7: 107 (in subfamily Opisthocosmiinae). 1975 Tristanella - STEINMANN, Acta zool. hung., 21: 216 (in subfamily Sarcinatricinae). 1989 Tristanella - STEINMANN, World Catalogue of Dermaptera, Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, p. 790 (in subfamily Neolobophorinae). Literature: POPHAM, 1965; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1968; REICHARDT, 1971; SAKAI, 1982; TOWNES, 1945.

Description: First antennal joint moderately long, third joint longer than fourth. Tegmina rudimentary, represented by lateral flaps, wings entirely absent. Abdomen of male gently dilated about the middle; ultimate tergite of male rectangular, transverse, smooth and simple, or with two larger spines near posterior margin. Male penultimate sternite rounded or with pointed lobes posteriorly. Male forceps with branches remote, slender, gently arcuate. Distribution: Costa Rica. 3 species. Identification key to the species 1

Male ultimate tergite with two dorsal spines posteriorly (Fig. 772); male genitalia as in Fig. 773 1. Tristanella tuberculata, p. 483 1' Male ultimate tergite without dorsal spines posteriorly 2 2 Inner margins of male forceps with a large, trigonal tooth medially (Fig. 774); male genitalia as in Fig. 775 2. Tristanella biaculeata, p. 484 2' Inner margins of male forceps without median tooth, but branches with sharp apical tooth near apices (Fig. 777) 3. Tristanella inermis, p. 485 1.

Tristanella tuberculata

BORELLI

1909 Tristanella tuberculata BORELLI, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. R. Univ., Torino, 24 (611); 18; fig. 8 (male in dorsal view). - Terra typica: Costa Rica (Type male, gen.prep. No. 748, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN: MUS. 1st. Zool. sist. Univ., Torino). 1914 Spongovostox tuberculata - BURR, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (8) 13: 583. 1916 Tristanella tuberculata - BURR, J1R. microsc. Soc., 1916: 17; pi. 4, fig. 8 (male genitalia). Literature: BURR, 1911; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1968; REICHARDT, 1971; SAKAI, 1973, 1982.

Description: Male general colour uniformly light brown. Head large, tumid, posterior margin concave in the middle. Eyes prominent, but shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae 12-jointed; first joint moderately long, about as long as distance between antennal bases; second transverse, third

483 Doutbful position ? Eudohrnia zeae (Liu) 1946 Timomenus zeae Liu, J.W. China Border Res. Soc., 16: 6. - Terra typica: China: Szechwan (Type unknown).

Genus

51:

Tristanella

BORELLI

1909 Tristanella BORELLI, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. R. Univ., Torino, 24 (611): 17. - Species typica: Tristanella tuberculata BORELLI, 1909. 1911 Tristanella ~ BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 85 (in subfamily Ancistrogastrinae). 1973 Tristanella ~ SAKAI, Dermapterorum Cat. Prael., Tokyo, 7: 107 (in subfamily Opisthocosmiinae). 1975 Tristanella - STEINMANN, Acta zool. hung., 21: 216 (in subfamily Sarcinatricinae). 1989 Tristanella - STEINMANN, World Catalogue of Dermaptera, Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, p. 790 (in subfamily Neolobophorinae). Literature: POPHAM, 1965; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1968; REICHARDT, 1971; SAKAI, 1982; TOWNES, 1945.

Description: First antennal joint moderately long, third joint longer than fourth. Tegmina rudimentary, represented by lateral flaps, wings entirely absent. Abdomen of male gently dilated about the middle; ultimate tergite of male rectangular, transverse, smooth and simple, or with two larger spines near posterior margin. Male penultimate sternite rounded or with pointed lobes posteriorly. Male forceps with branches remote, slender, gently arcuate. Distribution: Costa Rica. 3 species. Identification key to the species 1

Male ultimate tergite with two dorsal spines posteriorly (Fig. 772); male genitalia as in Fig. 773 1. Tristanella tuberculata, p. 483 1' Male ultimate tergite without dorsal spines posteriorly 2 2 Inner margins of male forceps with a large, trigonal tooth medially (Fig. 774); male genitalia as in Fig. 775 2. Tristanella biaculeata, p. 484 2' Inner margins of male forceps without median tooth, but branches with sharp apical tooth near apices (Fig. 777) 3. Tristanella inermis, p. 485 1.

Tristanella tuberculata

BORELLI

1909 Tristanella tuberculata BORELLI, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. R. Univ., Torino, 24 (611); 18; fig. 8 (male in dorsal view). - Terra typica: Costa Rica (Type male, gen.prep. No. 748, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN: MUS. 1st. Zool. sist. Univ., Torino). 1914 Spongovostox tuberculata - BURR, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (8) 13: 583. 1916 Tristanella tuberculata - BURR, J1R. microsc. Soc., 1916: 17; pi. 4, fig. 8 (male genitalia). Literature: BURR, 1911; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1968; REICHARDT, 1971; SAKAI, 1973, 1982.

Description: Male general colour uniformly light brown. Head large, tumid, posterior margin concave in the middle. Eyes prominent, but shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae 12-jointed; first joint moderately long, about as long as distance between antennal bases; second transverse, third

484 somewhat longer than fourth. Pronotum transverse, anterior margin truncate, lateral margins straight, and more or less parallel, posterior margin faintly convex; median longitudinal furrow indistinct. Tegmina rudimentary, represented by lateral flaps, and wings totally absent. Legs relatively long and slender. Abdomen fusiform, lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 well developed, distinct. Ultimate tergite transverse, simple, smooth, buth with two spine-like tooth dorsally near posterior margin. Pygidium hidden. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 772) arcuate, cylindrical in cross-section basally and medially, somewhat depressed apically near apical tooth. Genitalia (Fig. 773) characteristic; central parameral plate very narrow and elongate, virga within genital lobe straight, and external parameres asymmetrical, poorly developed. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 18 mm. Distribution: Costa Rica.

Fig. 772 Holotype ultimate tergite with forceps of Tristanella tuberculata BORELLI. Original.

2.

Fig. 773 Holotype genital armature of Tristanella tuberculata BORELLI. Original.

Tristanella biaculeata

BORELLI

1909 Tristanella biaculeata BORELLI, BOLL. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. R. Univ., Torino, 2 4 (611); 20; fig. 9 (male abdominal end with forceps), 10 (ditto, female). - Terra typica: Costa Rica (Type male, gen.prep. No. 749, det. Dr. H . STEINMANN: MUS. 1st. Zool. sist. Univ., Torino). Literature: BURR, 1911; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1968; REICHARDT, 1971; SAKAI, 1973, 1982.

Description: Male general colour light brown. Head normally developed, frons somewhat tumid, posterior margin concave in the middle. Eyes prominent, but shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae 12-jointed; first joint well

485 developed, about as long as distance between antennal bases; second transverse, third longer than fourth. Pronotum more or less as long as wide, anterior margin transversely truncate, lateral margins more or less straight and parallel, posterior margin convex; median longitudinal furrow distinct. Tegmina rudimentary, represented by lateral flaps, and wings entirely absent. Abdomen narrowed anteriorly and posteriorly, widened medially; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct. Ultimate tergite transverse, with two smaller, rounded pegs. Pygidium very small, simple. Forceps (Fig. 774) elongate, somewhat depressed basally; branches straight medially and curved apically, inner margins with a depressed, large, triangular tooth. Genitalia (Fig. 775, gen. prep. Nr. 749, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) simple; central parameral plate narrow and long, virga within genital lobe straight, external parameres very small, undeveloped. Female similar to male, but ultimate sternite sloping, simple, and forceps (Fig. 776) straight, gradually narrowing apically. - Length of body with forceps, male: 23 mm, female: 19 mm. Distribution: Costa Rica.

( U ;

Fig. 774 Holotype ultimate tergite with forceps of Tristanella biaculeata

Fig. 775 Male genital armature of Tristanella biaculeata

BORELLI. Original.

Original.

3.

BORELLI.

Tristanella inermis

Fig. 776 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Tristanella biaculeata BORELLI. A f t e r BORELLI.

BORELLI

Tristanella inermis BORELLI, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. R. Univ., Torino, 2 6 ( 6 4 4 ) : 7 . - Terra typica: Costa Rica (Type male: Mus. Ist. Zool. sist. Univ., Torino, holotype without penis). Literature: B U R R , 1 9 1 4 ; REICHARDT, 1 9 7 1 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 . 1911

Description: Male general colour yellowish-brown; antennae, meso- and metanotum light brown, lateral margins of pronotum, and legs, yellow, median

486 part of pronotum, and anterior abdominal tergites brown. Head large, longer than wide, tumid, posterior margin concave in the middle. Eyes very small, essentially shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint normally developed, slender, but somewhat shorter than distance between antennal bases; second joint transverse, the rest typical for genus. Pronotum somewhat transverse, anterior margin transversely truncate, lateral margins faintly convex, more or less parallel, and posterior margin convex; median longitudinal furrow present. Tegmina rudimentary, represented by small lateral flaps; wings entirely absent. Abdomen fusiform; lateral glandular folds on tergite 3 small, those on fourth large. Ultimate tergite somewhat transverse, simple, smooth. Pygidium very small, transverse, posterior margin with a small tubercle medially. Forceps (Fig. 777) strongly arcuate, branches more or less cylindrical in cross-section, without inner tooth, but apical portion with a small, but prominent, tooth. Penultimate sternite (Fig. 778) of Ancistrogaster-type, lateral margins with two acuminate spines. Genitalia (Fig. 779, gen.prep. No. 1018, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) characteristic; central parameral plate narrow, simple, virga within genital lobe very long and straight, external parameres widening basally, and gradually narrowing apically. - Female very similar to male, but forceps simple, straight, tapering. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 14-16 mm. Distribution: Costa Rica.

Fig. 777 Holotype ultimate tergite with forceps of Tristanella inermis

Fig. 778 Posterior margin of male penultimate sternite of Tristanella inermis

BORELLI. Original.

BORELLI. Original.

Fig. 779 Male genital armature of Tristanella inermis BORELLI. Original.

487 Genus 52: Setocordax

BRINDLE

1970 Setocordax BRINDLE, Entomologist's month. Mag., 1 0 6 : 99. - Species typica: Setocordax gurneyi BRINDLE, 1970. 1973 Setocordax - SAKAI, Dermapterorum Cat. Prael., Tokyo, 7: 84 (transferrence to subfamily Opisthocosmiinae). 1975 Setocordax - STEINMANN, Acta zool. hung., 21: 219 (in subfamily Neolobophorinae). Literature: SAKAI, 1982.

Description: Unknown to me. Original description: "Black; head, pronotum and elytra very dull; pronotum convex on posterior margin; elytra short, wings almost entirely concealed; abdomen broad, rather fusiform; branches of male forceps slender, simple except at base, and longer than abdomen; those of female shorter. Caracterized by the numerous blackish setae on the head, pronotum, and elytra." Distribution: Neotropical region. Single species. 1.

Setocordax gurneyi

BRINDLE

1970 Setocordax gurneyi BRINDLE, Entomologist's month. Mag., 106:99; fig. 1 (male in dorsal view). - Terra typica: Colombia (Type male, type No. 6211835; U.S. nation. Mus., Washington). Literature: SAKAI, 1973, 1982.

Description: Male (after BRINDLE) black; antennae with two basal joints black, remainder brown, one or more distal joints lighter; legs blackish, tarsi partially dark reddish-brown, forceps dark red. Head transverse, mainly tumid, with two small elliptical depressions between antennal bases, posterior stem of postfrontal sutures depressed. Eyes relatively small, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint longer than distance between antennal bases; second quadrate, the rest elongate, slender. Pronotum transverse, anterior angles

Fig. 780 Holotype ultimate tergite with forceps of Setocordax gurneyi BRINDLE. After BRINDLE.

488 produced, posterior margin strongly convex, with a wide explanate margin laterally and posteriorly; prozona elevated, but with a large, shallow depression on each side of median longitudinal furrow. Cuticle with sparse blackish setae, but no setae laterally. Tegmina short, cuticle strongly rugose, with relatively long black setae. Only tips of wings protuding from beneath tegmina. Abdomen broad, widened medially; lateral glandular folds on tergite 3 small, those on tergite 4 large. Abdominal tergites shiny, and with marginal and lateral setae. Ultimate tergite small, transverse, posterior margin almost straight. Pygidium small, rounded. Forceps (Fig. 780) with branches cylindrical, slender, gradually tapering distally, with a small inner tooth at base, and inner margins with very small isolated teeth extending nearly to apex. - Female similar to male, but forceps with branches cylindrical, slender, contiguous, shorter than those of male, but also with small isolated teeth along inner margins. - Length of body with forceps, male: 21 mm, female: 17.5 mm. Distribution: USA: Florida, Panama, and Colombia. Genus

53:

Neolobophora

SCUDDER

1875 Neolobophora SCUDDER, Proc. Boston Soc. nat. Hist., 17: 35. - Species typica: Neolobophora bogotensis

SCUDDER, 1 8 7 5 .

1909 Neolobophora - BURR, Dt. ent. Z., 1909: 327 (transference to subfamily Opisthocosmiinae). 1911 Neolobophora - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 83 (transference to subfamily Neolobophorinae). 1907 Neolobophora - BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. London, 1907: 118. 1970 Neolobophora - BRINDLE, Entomologist's month. Mag., 106: 102 (key to species). L i t e r a t u r e : BORELLI, 1 9 0 9 ; BORMANS & KRAUSS, 1900; BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 ; BURR, 1 9 0 4 , 1 9 1 2 , 1 9 1 6 ; MENOZZI, 1 9 3 2 ; KIRBY, 1 9 8 1 , 1904; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 ; REICHARDT, 1 9 7 1 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1982; STEINMANN, 1 9 7 5 , 1 9 8 9 ; TOWNES, 1 9 4 5 .

Description: Head globose, postfrontal and coronal sutures distinct. Antennae with about twelve joints, rather thick and short. Pronotum about as wide as head, subquadrate. Eyes comparatively large, at least as long as length of head behind eyes. Tegmina short, generally abbreviated, with obliquely truncate posterior margins; wings absent. Legs long and slender, tibiae almost as long as femora but slenderer; first joint of tarsi as long as both distal joints in anterior four legs, longer than both distal joints in posterior pair. Abdomen cylindrical, last tergite transverse. Distribution: Neotropical region. 3 species (and 1 species in doubtful position). Identification key to the species 1

Pronotum widened posteriorly, longer than tegmina; male forceps with a sharp, trigonal apical tooth (Fig. 781) 1. Neolobophora inca, p. 489 V Pronotum not widened posteriorly, shorter than tegmina; male forceps without apical tooth 2 2 Pronotum as wide as long, lateral margins straight; abdominal tergites 2 - 4 very weakly punctured on basal half; pronotum with a low longitudinal median ridge posteriorly; male forceps very slender and long, as in fig. 782 2. Neolobophora bogotensis, p. 490

488 produced, posterior margin strongly convex, with a wide explanate margin laterally and posteriorly; prozona elevated, but with a large, shallow depression on each side of median longitudinal furrow. Cuticle with sparse blackish setae, but no setae laterally. Tegmina short, cuticle strongly rugose, with relatively long black setae. Only tips of wings protuding from beneath tegmina. Abdomen broad, widened medially; lateral glandular folds on tergite 3 small, those on tergite 4 large. Abdominal tergites shiny, and with marginal and lateral setae. Ultimate tergite small, transverse, posterior margin almost straight. Pygidium small, rounded. Forceps (Fig. 780) with branches cylindrical, slender, gradually tapering distally, with a small inner tooth at base, and inner margins with very small isolated teeth extending nearly to apex. - Female similar to male, but forceps with branches cylindrical, slender, contiguous, shorter than those of male, but also with small isolated teeth along inner margins. - Length of body with forceps, male: 21 mm, female: 17.5 mm. Distribution: USA: Florida, Panama, and Colombia. Genus

53:

Neolobophora

SCUDDER

1875 Neolobophora SCUDDER, Proc. Boston Soc. nat. Hist., 17: 35. - Species typica: Neolobophora bogotensis

SCUDDER, 1 8 7 5 .

1909 Neolobophora - BURR, Dt. ent. Z., 1909: 327 (transference to subfamily Opisthocosmiinae). 1911 Neolobophora - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 83 (transference to subfamily Neolobophorinae). 1907 Neolobophora - BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. London, 1907: 118. 1970 Neolobophora - BRINDLE, Entomologist's month. Mag., 106: 102 (key to species). L i t e r a t u r e : BORELLI, 1 9 0 9 ; BORMANS & KRAUSS, 1900; BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 ; BURR, 1 9 0 4 , 1 9 1 2 , 1 9 1 6 ; MENOZZI, 1 9 3 2 ; KIRBY, 1 9 8 1 , 1904; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 ; REICHARDT, 1 9 7 1 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1982; STEINMANN, 1 9 7 5 , 1 9 8 9 ; TOWNES, 1 9 4 5 .

Description: Head globose, postfrontal and coronal sutures distinct. Antennae with about twelve joints, rather thick and short. Pronotum about as wide as head, subquadrate. Eyes comparatively large, at least as long as length of head behind eyes. Tegmina short, generally abbreviated, with obliquely truncate posterior margins; wings absent. Legs long and slender, tibiae almost as long as femora but slenderer; first joint of tarsi as long as both distal joints in anterior four legs, longer than both distal joints in posterior pair. Abdomen cylindrical, last tergite transverse. Distribution: Neotropical region. 3 species (and 1 species in doubtful position). Identification key to the species 1

Pronotum widened posteriorly, longer than tegmina; male forceps with a sharp, trigonal apical tooth (Fig. 781) 1. Neolobophora inca, p. 489 V Pronotum not widened posteriorly, shorter than tegmina; male forceps without apical tooth 2 2 Pronotum as wide as long, lateral margins straight; abdominal tergites 2 - 4 very weakly punctured on basal half; pronotum with a low longitudinal median ridge posteriorly; male forceps very slender and long, as in fig. 782 2. Neolobophora bogotensis, p. 490

489 2' Pronotum transverse, lateral margins sinuate; abdominal tergites 2 - 4 closely punctured on basal half; pronotum without a low longitudinal median ridge posteriorly, or this almost 3. Neolobophora handlirschi, p. 491 absent; male forceps as in Fig. 783 1.

Neolobophora inca

BRINDLE

1970 Neolobophora inca BRINDLE, Entomologist's month. Mag., 1 0 6 : 102; fig. 11 (male in dorsal view). - Terra typica: Peru (Type male: Zool. Mus., Sao Paulo). Literature: SAKAI, 1973, 1982.

Description: Male blackish, shiny; antennae yellowish, basal joints brown; tibiae and tarsi yellowish; forceps reddish-yellow. Cuticle nearly glabrous; antennae pubescent, hairs whitish-yellow; femora and tibiae with sparse yellow hairs, tibiae with more numerous hairs ventrally. Head transverse, tumid, occiput slightly depressed medially; two irregular small depressions between antennal bases; posterior margin weakly concave. Eyes large. First antennal joint about as long as distance between antennal bases; second quadrate, third twice as long as wide. Pronotum transverse, widened posteriorly, with lateral explanate margin curved slightly dorsally, posterior margin strongly convex. Cuticle coriaceous. Tegmina short, distal margin obliquely truncate, sutural angles rounded; cuticale coriaceous. Abdomen short, widened medially; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct; cuticle mainly coriaceous, but basal half of tergites 2 - 5 weakly punctured. Ultimate tergite transverse, narrowed posteriorly, depressed between bases of forceps to form a narrow flattened rim; medially is a short but deep longitudinal depression. Forceps (Fig. 781) cylindrical, evenly curved, inner margins with small crenulations basally and with a dorso-median tooth towards apex. Pygidium small, rounded posteriorly. - Female as male, but abdominal tergites almost impunctate; ultimate tergite narrower, both branches

Fig. 781 Holotype ultimate tergite with forceps of Neolobophora inca BRINDLE. After BRINDLE.

490 of forceps long and slender, simple; branches contiguous. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 10-12 mm. Distribution: Peru. 2.

Neolobophora bogotensis

SCUDDER

1875 Neolobophorabogotensis SCUDDER (nec BORMANS, 1893), Proc. Boston Soc. nat. Hist., 17: 36. Terra typica: Colombia (Type female: Mus. comp. Zool., Cambridge). 1911 Neolobophora bogotensis - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 84 (Central America, and Colombia). 1970 Neolobophora bogotensis - BRINDLE, Entomologist's month. Mag., 106: 102; fig. 2 (male forceps), 7 (head). L i t e r a t u r e : BORMANS & KRAUSS, 1900; BRINDLE, 1966; BURR, 1912; KIRBY, 1904; MENOZZI, 1927; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1968; REICHARDT, 1971; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 .

Description: Male shiny black when fully mature; legs dark reddish or blackish-red. Cuticle coriaceous, abdominal tergites lightly punctured. Head somewhat longer than wide, frons tumid, occiput somewhat depressed medially; posterior margin concave in the middle. Eyes large. First antennal joint well developed, about as long as distance between antennal bases, second and the rest typical, elongate, slender. Pronotum about as wide as long, anterior margin truncate, lateral margins straight, more or less parallel, posterior margin convex; median longitudinal furrow distinct; the disc with a low longitudinal median ridge posteriorly. Tegmina short, posterior margin obliquely truncate. Wings entirely absent. Abdomen moderately short, widened medially; lateral glandular folds on tergite 3 smaller, those on tergite 4 large. Ultimate tergite transverse, simple, smooth. Pygidium very small, rounded posteriorly. Forceps (Fig. 782)

Fig. 782 Holotype ultimate tergite with forceps of Neolobophora bogotensis SCUDDER. After BRINDLE.

491 slender, very long, almost straight, with a basal tooth only. - Female similar to male, but forceps shorter, branches contiguous. - Length of body with forceps, male: 20-22 mm, female: 14-15.5 mm. Distribution: Central America, Colombia, and Brazil. 3. Neolobophora handlirschi

BURR

1912 Neolobophora handlirschi BURR, Annln naturh. Mus., Wien, 26: 103. - Terra typica: Brazil (Type male: Naturhist. Mus., Wien). 1970 Neolobophora handlirschi - BRINDLE, Entomologist's month. Mag., 106: 102; fig. 4 (male forceps). Literature: BRINDLE, 1 9 6 6 ; MENOZZI, 1 9 3 2 ; REICHARDT, 1 9 7 1 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2

Description: Male shiny black; legs and antennae reddish-black or dark yellowish-brown. Cuticle mainly coriaceous, but abdominal tergites lightly punctured basally. Head large, broad; frons faintly tumid, posterior margin concave in the middle. Eyes large. First antennal joint well developed, somewhat longer than distance between antennal bases; second and the rest typical. Pronotum transverse, anterior margin truncate, lateral margins sinuate, posterior angles with posterior margin broadly rounded; median longitudinal furrow present. Tegmina short, but somewhat longer than the length of pronotum; posterior margin rounded. Wings absent. Abdomen moderately large, lateral margins more or less parallel in superior view; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 large. Ultimate tergite transverse, simple, median portion somewhat depressed near posterior margin. Pygidium small, posterior margin concave. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 783) specific, strongly curved, and wider than those of bogotensis SCUDDER; inner margins of basal portion with very small,

Fig. 783 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Neolobophora handlirschi BURR. After BRINDLE.

492 isolated teeth; apical part of forceps straight except for incurved apex. - Female very similar to male, but forceps simple, slender, straight, tapering, contiguous. Length of body with forceps, male: 16-19 mm, female: 14-16 mm. Distribution: Brazil. Doubtful position ? Neolobophora bicolor

BORELLI

1904 Neolobophora bicolor BORELLI, MUS. Zool. Anat. comp. R. Univ., Torino, 19 (475): 5. - Terra typica: Ecuador [Type female: Mus. Ist. Zool. sist. univ., Torino (?)].

Genus

54:

Metresura

REHN

1921 Metresura REHN, Trans. Am. ent. Soc., 47: 314. - Species typica: Forficula ruficeps BURMEISTER, 1838 (nec SHIRAKI, 1905) (for subfamily Opisthocosmiinae). 1976 Metresura - BRINDLE, Entomologist's month. Mag., I l l : 79 (in subfamily Neolobophorinae) (revision and key to species). Literature: HEBARD, 1929; REICHARDT, 1971; SAKAI, 1973, 1982; STEINMANN, 1975, 1989; TOWNES, 1945.

Description: Head broad, cordiform; postfrontal and coronal sutures well marked. Pronotum subquadrate, lateral margins subparallel; median longitudinal furrow distinct cephalad. Tegmina short, somewhat longer than pronotum or about equally long, posterior margin generally obliquely truncate. Wings absent. Male forceps slender, elongate, not contiguous at the base; female forceps simple, attenuate. Distribution: Neotropical region. 8 species. Identification key to the species (after 1 1' 2 2' 3 3' 4 4'

BRINDLE)

Tegmina much shorter than pronotum; male pygidium short, transverse, lateral margins broadly convex, posterior margin with two small tubercles (Fig. 784) 1. Metresura pygmaea, p. 493 Tegmina as long as pronotum or almost as long, measured along the external margins . . 2 Tegmina very strongly punctured, the punctures large and somewhat angular, separated by less than their own diameter, often coalescing, forming irregular ridges; humeral fold on each tegmen well marked; occiput red 2. Metresura rugosa, p. 494 Tegmina impunctate or much less strongly punctured; humeral fold on each tegmen inconspicuous or absent 3 Male forceps with short branches (Fig. 788), less than half length of body, widely separated and arcuate; occiput yellow 3. Metresura insolita, p. 495 Male forceps with longer branches, more closely approximated and not arcuate, as long as body or longer, except in borellii 4 Male forceps with shorter branches, inner tooth on each branch nearly ventral in position and situated towards apex (Fig. 789); occiput yellow; tegmina impunctate 4. Metresura boreUU, p. 496 Male forceps with long branches, inner teeth represented by a small dorso-median and a small ventro-median tooth on each branch 5

492 isolated teeth; apical part of forceps straight except for incurved apex. - Female very similar to male, but forceps simple, slender, straight, tapering, contiguous. Length of body with forceps, male: 16-19 mm, female: 14-16 mm. Distribution: Brazil. Doubtful position ? Neolobophora bicolor

BORELLI

1904 Neolobophora bicolor BORELLI, MUS. Zool. Anat. comp. R. Univ., Torino, 19 (475): 5. - Terra typica: Ecuador [Type female: Mus. Ist. Zool. sist. univ., Torino (?)].

Genus

54:

Metresura

REHN

1921 Metresura REHN, Trans. Am. ent. Soc., 47: 314. - Species typica: Forficula ruficeps BURMEISTER, 1838 (nec SHIRAKI, 1905) (for subfamily Opisthocosmiinae). 1976 Metresura - BRINDLE, Entomologist's month. Mag., I l l : 79 (in subfamily Neolobophorinae) (revision and key to species). Literature: HEBARD, 1929; REICHARDT, 1971; SAKAI, 1973, 1982; STEINMANN, 1975, 1989; TOWNES, 1945.

Description: Head broad, cordiform; postfrontal and coronal sutures well marked. Pronotum subquadrate, lateral margins subparallel; median longitudinal furrow distinct cephalad. Tegmina short, somewhat longer than pronotum or about equally long, posterior margin generally obliquely truncate. Wings absent. Male forceps slender, elongate, not contiguous at the base; female forceps simple, attenuate. Distribution: Neotropical region. 8 species. Identification key to the species (after 1 1' 2 2' 3 3' 4 4'

BRINDLE)

Tegmina much shorter than pronotum; male pygidium short, transverse, lateral margins broadly convex, posterior margin with two small tubercles (Fig. 784) 1. Metresura pygmaea, p. 493 Tegmina as long as pronotum or almost as long, measured along the external margins . . 2 Tegmina very strongly punctured, the punctures large and somewhat angular, separated by less than their own diameter, often coalescing, forming irregular ridges; humeral fold on each tegmen well marked; occiput red 2. Metresura rugosa, p. 494 Tegmina impunctate or much less strongly punctured; humeral fold on each tegmen inconspicuous or absent 3 Male forceps with short branches (Fig. 788), less than half length of body, widely separated and arcuate; occiput yellow 3. Metresura insolita, p. 495 Male forceps with longer branches, more closely approximated and not arcuate, as long as body or longer, except in borellii 4 Male forceps with shorter branches, inner tooth on each branch nearly ventral in position and situated towards apex (Fig. 789); occiput yellow; tegmina impunctate 4. Metresura boreUU, p. 496 Male forceps with long branches, inner teeth represented by a small dorso-median and a small ventro-median tooth on each branch 5

493 5 Occiput red to reddish-yellow. Mexican species 6 5' Occiput yellow to reddish-yellow. Costa Rica, and Panama species 7 6 Tegmina impunctate; occiput red; femora black, with, at most, extreme bases paler 5. Metresura ruficeps, p. 497 6' Tegmina impunctate or weakly punctured; occiput red or reddish yellow; femora yellow, distal third or more black 6. Metresura volsella, p. 498 7 Femora black, at most with extreme bases paler 7. Metresura flaviceps, p. 499 T Femora yellow or reddish yellow, distal third or more black 8. Metresura flavipes, p. 500 1.

Metresura pygmaea

BRINDLE

1970 Matresura pygmaea BRINDLE, Entomologist's month. Mag., 106: 105; fig. 9 (male in dorsal view). - Terra typica: Mexico (Type male: Zool. Mus., Sao Paulo). Literature: BRINDLE, 1976; SAKAI, 1973, 1982.

Description: Male blackish brown, shiny; antennae dark brown; sides of pronotum and legs yellowish to dark reddish-brown; forceps reddish-brown, occiput yellow in male, blackish in female. Cuticle glabrous, except for antennae and legs, which are pubescent. Head transverse, tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures distinct; occiput inflated; widened slightly behind eyes, posterior angles well rounded, posterior margin concave in the middle. Eyes small, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint nearly as long as distance between antennal bases. Pronotum transverse, widened posteriorly, anterior angles rounded, posterior margin weakly convex; median longitudinal furrow present. Tegmina very short, shorter than the length of the pronotum. Abdomen strongly widened medially, depressed, cuticle coriaceous, tubercles on tergites 3 - 4 undeveloped. Ultimate tergite transverse, posterior margin depressed medially between bases of forceps, and with a slight, short, longitudinal depression medially. Pygidium characteristic, broad basally, strongly narrowed

494 apically; posterior margin with two small tubercles. Forceps (Fig. 784) cylindrical, almost straight to near apex, where there is a ventral tooth, then the branches curve dorsally. - Female as male, but occiput blackish, posterior margin of ultimate tergite trisinuate; the disc narrowed posteriorly. Both branches of forceps broad at base, narrowed distally, almost straight, apices incurved. Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 8 - 9 mm. Distribution: Mexico. 2.

Metresura rugosa

BRINDLE

1976 Metresura rugosa BRINDLE, Entomologist's month. Mag., I l l : 84. - Terra typica: Salvador (Type male: Manchester Museum). Literature: SAKAI, 1 9 8 2 .

Description: Male dark reddish-brown, sometimes blackish-brown; antennae brown or dark brown; occiput red; lateral margins of pronotum yellow, legs yellow, distal part of femora blackish. Cuticle of head and pronotum coriaceous, the latter partially striated transversely; tegmina very strongly punctured, the punctures large, angular and very close together, tending to coalesce to form irregular ridges. Head large, broad, postfrontal and coronal sutures well marked; posterior margin concave in the middle. Eyes small, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint normally developed, about as long as distance between antennal bases. Pronotum (Fig. 785) relatively large, transverse; anterior margin truncate, lateral margins finaly convex, posterior margin rounded; median longitudinal furrow present. Each tegmen with a prominent blunt lateral fold near shoulder. Wings entirely absent. Abdomen normally

Fig. 785 Pronotum and tegmina of Metresura rugosa BRINDLE. Original.

Fig. 786 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Metresura rugosa BRINDLE. Original.

Fig. 787 Male genital armature of Metresura rugosa BRINDLE. Original.

495 developed, more or less cylindrical, a little widened medially; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct. Ultimate tergite transverse, simple, with a small median depression near posterior margin. Pygidium very small. Forceps (Fig. 786) slender, cylindrical in cross-section, inner margins with an undeveloped median tooth. Genitalia (Fig. 787, gen. prep. No. 993, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN from Guatemala) specific; central parameral plate normally developed, virga within genital lobe medium-size, with characteristic curvature basally; external parameres comparatively short, obtuse apically. - Female as male; but forceps with branches shorter and contiguous, tapering. - Length of body with forceps, male: 17-26 mm, female: 14-17 mm. Distribution: Salvador, and Guatemala. 3.

Metresura insólita

(BORELLI)

1911 Neolobophora insólita BORELLI, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. R. Univ., Torino, 26 (644): 9; fig. 3 (male ultimate tergite with forceps - with name: Neolobophora involta). - Terra typica: Costa Rica (Type male: Mus. 1st. Zool. sist. Univ., Torino - holotype without penis). 1921 Metresura insólita - REHN, Trans. Am. ent. Soc., 47: 315. L i t e r a t u r e : BRINDLE, 1 9 6 6 , 1 9 7 0 , 1 9 7 6 ; REICHARDT, 1 9 7 1 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 .

Description: Male general colour dark brown, lateral margins of pronotum, legs, yellowish. Head broad, large, tumid; postfrontal and coronal sutures distinct, posterior margin concave in the middle. Eyes small, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint normally developed, about as long as distance between antennal bases. Pronotum transverse, antero-lateral angles somewhat produced, lateral margins slightly sinuate, posterior margin weakly convex; median longitudinal furrow distinct. Tegmina about as long as pronotum, measured along the external margins. Wings absent. Abdomen

Fig. 788 Holotype ultimate tergite with forceps of Metresura insólita (BORELLI). Original.

496 fusiform, narrowed basally and apically, widened medially; lateral glandular folds present on tergites 3 - 4 , large. Ultimate tergite strongly transverse, somewhat depressed medially near posterior margin. Pygidium transverse, faintly concave posteriorly. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 788) characteristic, not of Metresura-type; somewhat depressed basally, cylindrical medially and apically, inner margins with a very small tooth near pygidium and a further median tooth. Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 19 mm. Distribution: Costa Rica. 4.

Metresura borellii

(BURR)

1906 Neolobophora borellii BURR, Entomologist's month. Mag., 42: 114. - Terra typica: Mexico (Type male: Mus. nation. Hist, nat., Paris). 1970 Metresura borellii - BRINDLE, Entomologist's month. Mag., 106: 104. 1976 Metresura borellii-BRINDLE, Entomologist's month. Mag., I l l : 86; fig. 4 (male in dorsal view). Literature: BRINDLE, 1966, 1968; BURR, 1911; REICHARDT, 1971; SAKAI, 1973, 1982.

Description: Male general colour dark brown to blackish; antennae dark brown, occiput yellow, legs dark brown, femora paler at bases. Cuticle impunctate, almost glabrous. Head rounded, large, tumid, depressed between the antennal bases; postfrontal and coronal sutures distinct, posterior margin convex. Eyes comparatively large, but shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint moderately small, shorter than distance between antennal bases. Pronotum transverse, with a very weak median longitudinal furrow, and with lateral margins directed somewhat dorsally; anterior angles not marked. Tegmina short, leaving anterior part of sclerite visible. Abdomen cylindrical, slightly depressed dorsally; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 prominent. Ultimate tergite strongly transverse, depressed medially near posterior margin. Pygidium small, somewhat transverse, posterior margin concave. Forceps (Fig. 789) cylindrical, comparatively broad, inner margin with small

Fig. 789 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Metresura borellii (BURR). After BRINDLE.

497 crenulations towards base, and with a nearly ventral tooth towards apex, the apex directed dorsally. - Female similar to male, except for forceps which are shorter and straighter. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 13-14 mm. Distribution: Mexico. 5.

Metresura ruficeps

(BURMEISTER)

1838 Forficula ruficeps BURMEISTER (nec SHIRAKI, 1905), Handb. Ent., 2: 75. - Terra typica: Mexico (Type male: unknown locality). 1862 Apterygida ruficeps - DOHRN, Stettiner ent. Ztg., 23: 231. 1893 Neolobophora ruficeps - BORMANS, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Orth.: 8; pi. 2, fig. 7 (male in dorsal view), 8 (ditto, female). 1911 Neolobophora volsella SCUDDER, 1876 - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 84 [incorrect synonymy with ruficeps (BURMEISTER, 1838)]. 1921 Metresura ruficeps - REHN, Trans. Am. ent. Soc., 47: 315. Literature: BRINDLE, 1970, 1976; CAUDELL, 1907; HEBARD, 1 9 2 9 ; KIRBY, 1904; REICHARDT, 1971; SAKAI, 1973, 1982.

Description: Male black; antennal joints dark brown distally; tarsi brown; head, postfrontal and coronal sutures reddish, usually blackish anteriorly. Cuticle of head smooth and glabrous, of pronotum coriaceous, impunctate, somewhat transversely striate posteriorly; of tegmina coriaceous, almost impunctate, punctures very sparse and shallow and observable only under strong crosslighting; abdomen coriaceous, impunctate. Head transverse, tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures distinct, posterior margin convex. Eyes shorter than

Fig. 790 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Metresura ruficeps

Fig. 791 Male genital armature of Metresura

(BURMEISTER). O r i g i n a l .

Original.

ruficeps

(BURMEISTER).

Fig. 792 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Metresura ruficeps (BURMEISTER). O r i g i n a l .

498 the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint somewhat shorter than distance between antennal bases. Pronotum transverse, antero-lateral angles slightly produced, acute, lateral margins slightly sinuate, posterior margin weakly convex; median longitudinal furrow present. Tegmina short, posterior margins obliquely truncate. Legs long and slender. Abdomen long, cylindrical, narrowed towards apex; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 large. Ultimate tergite transverse, depressed medially near posterior margin, and with a median longitudinal sulcus, usually short. Penultimate sternite with posterior margin almost evenly rounded but slightly truncate at apex. Forceps (Fig. 790) slender and very long; inner margins with isolated crenulations near base, and with a small ventro-median and a small dorso-median tooth about midpoint. Genitalia (Fig. 791, gen.prep. No. 631, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) weakly sclerotized, with prominent virga, which is wider basally and associated with a small sclerite. External parameres comparatively short, gibbous. - Female similar to male, but forceps (Fig. 792) with branches shorter, more or less contiguous, simple. Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 14-21 mm. Distribution: Mexico. 6. Metresura volsella (SCUDDER) 1876 Neolobophora volsella SCUDDER, Proc. Boston Soc. nat. Hist., 18: 257. - Terra typica: Mexico (Type male: US nation. Mus., Washington). 1900 Neolobophora volsella - BORMANS & KRAUSS, Das Tierreich, Berlin, 11:99 [incorrect synonymy w i t h ruficeps

(BURMEISTER, 1838)].

1976 Metresura volsella - BRINDLE, Entomologist's month. Mag., I l l : 83 (as valid taxon).

Description: Male blackish, dark brown when immature; head red, sometimes reddish-yellow, and may be yellowish in immature specimens, anterior part, up to about level with posterior margins of antennal sockets, blackish. Pronotum blackish-brown, lateral margins often yellow; legs entirely yellowish or yellowish-red, femora conspicuously blackish on distal half (anterior pair), distal third (middle pair) of distal quarter (posterior pair). Forceps reddish-yellow or darker. Cuticle of occiput smooth, shiny glabrous, anterior to postfrontal sutures coriaceous, somewhat transversely striate with two irregular depressions between antennal bases. Cuticle of pronotum relatively smooth, slightly coriaceous, with a faint median longitudinal furrow and with two depressions anteriorly, one on each side of furrow. Tegmina coriaceous, impunctate or almost so, or with punctures more strongly marked. Cuticle of abdominal tergites coriaceous, duller, basal tergites sparsely punctured. External characteristics very similar to ruficeps (BURMEISTER, 1 8 3 8 ) . - Female unknown to me. Length of body with forceps, male: 1 8 - 2 2 mm, female: 14-15 mm. Distribution: Mexico.

499 7.

Metresura flaviceps BRINDLE

1976 Metresura flaviceps BRINDLE, Entomologist's month. Mag., I l l : 85. - Terra typica: Costa Rica (Type male: US nation. Mus., Washington). Literature: SAKAI, 1 9 8 2 .

Description: Male blackish, sometimes intensely black; occiput yellow, rarely slightly darkened; antennae brown, first joint blackish; legs dark brown to blackish, femora rather paler at extreme apex. Head transverse, frons tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures distinct, posterior margin faintly concave in the middle. Eyes small, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint normally developed, about as long as distance between antennal bases. Pronotum relatively narrow, about as wide as head or somewhat narrower, and less transverse; anterior margin truncate, lateral margins convex, posterior angles rounded, last margin convex; median longitudinal furrow distinct. Tegmina short, posterior margins obliquely truncate; cuticle closely punctured. Abdomen fusiform, widened medially; lateral glandular folds on tergite 3 smaller, those on tergite 4 larger. Ultimate tergite strongly transverse, with smaller depression medially near posterior margin. Forceps (Fig. 793) cylindrical, inner margins faintly crenulate basally, and with a smaller tooth medially. Genitalia (Fig. 7 9 4 , gen.prep. No. 1 0 1 9 , det. Dr. H. STEINMANN from Panama) well developed; central parameral plate broad, virga within genital lobe moderately short, somewhat widened and strongly sclerotized basally; external

Fig. 793 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Metresura flaviceps BRINDLE. Original.

Fig. 794 Male genitalia of Metresura flaviceps BRINDLE. Original.

Fig. 795 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Metresura flaviceps BRINDLE. Original.

500 parameres medium-size, obtuse apically. - Female similar to male, but forceps (Fig. 795) shorter. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 12-17 mm. Distribution: Costa Rica, and Panama. 8.

Metresura flavipes

BRINDLE

1976 Metresura flavipes BRINDLE, Entomologist's month. Mag., I l l : 85. - Terra typica: Costa Rica (Type male: U.S. nation. Mus., Washington).

Description: Male unknown to me. Original description: " D a r k brown or reddish-brown to blackish; antennae brown or partially yellow; occiput yellow; legs yellow, femora black on distal third or more; forceps reddish or darker. Male: very similar in structure to flaviceps. Length of body 8 - 1 0 mm, forceps 4 - 6 mm. - Female similar to male except for simple forceps. - Length of body 8 - 9 mm, forceps 3 , 5 - 4 mm." Distribution: Costa Rica, and Panama. Subfamily 8: Forficulinae VERHOEFF 1902 Forficulinae VERHOEFF, Zool. Anz., Leipzig, 25 (665): 196. - Genus typicum: Forficula LINNEAUS, 1 7 5 8 .

1907 1911 1911 1989

Forficulinae Forficulini Forficulinae Forficulinae p. 7 9 1 .

- BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. London, 1907: 109 (key to genera). ZACHER, Zool. Jb., Syst., Jena, 30: 331. - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 74 (key to genera). - STEINMANN, World Catalogue of Dermaptera, Akademiai Kiado, Budapest,

Literature: BEY-BIENKO, 1934, 1936; BORELLI, 1931; BOESEMAN, 1954; BRINDLE, 1 9 6 7 , 1968, 1 9 7 1 , 1973; BURR, 1 9 1 0 , 1 9 1 2 , 1 9 1 6 ; CAUDELL, 1913; CHOPARD, 1 9 2 2 , 1951; BLATCHELY, 1920; GUNTHER, 1929; HINCKS, 1 9 3 8 , 1957; KEVAN, 1951; KIRBY, 1904; MENOZZI, 1927; MOREIRA, 1932; POPHAM, 1965; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1969; REHN, 1 9 2 4 , 1933; REICHARDT, 1971; RAMAMURTHI, 1 9 6 0 , 1 9 6 7 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1976; STEINMANN, 1 9 7 4 , 1 9 7 5 , 1 9 8 3 .

Description: Body somewhat depressed and generally dilated about the middle. Antennae with from twelve to fifteen joints, cylindrical or subconical, rather short, fourth usually shorter than third. Mesosternum rather narrow. Tegmina rudimentary, represented by lateral flaps, abbreviated or well developed; wings absent, concealed or fully developed. Abdomen dilated about the middle, and strongly narrowed apically, or dilated beyond the middle, and not strongly narrowed apically. Male forceps various, generally flattened basally; inner margins with or without basal, median or apical tooth. Male genitalia more or less simple, with unpaired genital lobe, and virga within genital lobe generally short. In classifying the family I followed the systems of BURR ( 1 9 1 1 ) and POPHAM & BRINDLE ( 1 9 6 9 ) . However, I am convinved that further investigation, especially of the genitalia of all males, might well result in a new generic and subfamilial system. Distribution: nearly all over the World. 10 genera.

501 Identification key to the genera 1 V 2 2' 3 3' 4 4' 5 5' 6 6' 7 T 8 8' 9 9'

Abdomen dilated about the middle, and strongly narrowed apically; ultimate tergite very narrow 2 Abdomen moderately dilated about or beyond the middle, not strongly narrowed apically 3 Body not strongly but depressed; anterior femora not thickened. Oriental group Genus 55: Chamaipites, p. 501 Body not depressed; anterior femora thickened. Neotropical group Genus 56: Skalistes, p. 502 Tarsus short, first joint equal to third, or about one and a half times longer 4 Tarsus elongate, first joint twice as long as third 6 Abdomen strongly dilated at apex Genus 57: Parlax, p. 516 Abdomen subparallel, feebly dilated 5 Male pygidium armed with a shorter or longer spine Genus 58: Doru, p. 517 Male pygidium without spine, broad and depressed Genus 59: Elaunon, p. 536 Male forceps depressed, but not dilated, remote at the base Genus 60: Apterygida, p. 539 Male forceps strongly depressed, dilated in basal portion 7 Tegmina rudimentary, represented by lateral flaps Genus 61: Afroforficula, p. 542 Tegmina present, abbreviated or well developed 8 Tegmina abbreviated Genus 62: Proforficula, p. 547 Tegmina normally developed, posterior margin obliquely truncate or transverse 9 Tegmina normally developed, but short, posterior margin obliquely truncate; wings entirely absent Genus 63: Guanchia, p. 554 Tegmina normally developed, not shortened, posterior margin generally transverselly truncate; wings present or absent Genus 64: Forficula, p. 589

Genus

55:

Chamaipites

BURR

Chamaipites BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. London, 1907:95. - Species typica: Anechura hermes BURR, 1900 (for subfamily Anechurinae). 1911 Chamaipites - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 76 (transference to subfamily Forficulinae). Literature: POPHAM, 1965; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1969; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1976; TOWNES, 1907

1945.

Description: Body rather robust. Head large, antennae with joints rather thick, conical; fourth joint about equal to third. Pronotum about as wide as head, strongly rounded posteriorly. Tegmina and wings perfect. Legs comparatively short, femora rather thick. Abdomen dilated about the middle, and strongly narrowed apically; ultimate tergite sloping. Distribution: Borneo. Single species. 1. Chamaipites hermes

(BURR)

1900 Anechura hermes BURR, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (7) 6: 99; pi. 4, fig. 1 (male in dorsal view), 1 a (male forceps in lateral view). - Terra typica: Sarawak (Type male: Brit. Mus. nat. Hist., London). 1907 Chamaipites hermes - BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. London, 1907: 96. Literature: BURR, 1911; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1969; SAKAI, 1973, 1982; SRIVASTAVA, 1976.

501 Identification key to the genera 1 V 2 2' 3 3' 4 4' 5 5' 6 6' 7 T 8 8' 9 9'

Abdomen dilated about the middle, and strongly narrowed apically; ultimate tergite very narrow 2 Abdomen moderately dilated about or beyond the middle, not strongly narrowed apically 3 Body not strongly but depressed; anterior femora not thickened. Oriental group Genus 55: Chamaipites, p. 501 Body not depressed; anterior femora thickened. Neotropical group Genus 56: Skalistes, p. 502 Tarsus short, first joint equal to third, or about one and a half times longer 4 Tarsus elongate, first joint twice as long as third 6 Abdomen strongly dilated at apex Genus 57: Parlax, p. 516 Abdomen subparallel, feebly dilated 5 Male pygidium armed with a shorter or longer spine Genus 58: Doru, p. 517 Male pygidium without spine, broad and depressed Genus 59: Elaunon, p. 536 Male forceps depressed, but not dilated, remote at the base Genus 60: Apterygida, p. 539 Male forceps strongly depressed, dilated in basal portion 7 Tegmina rudimentary, represented by lateral flaps Genus 61: Afroforficula, p. 542 Tegmina present, abbreviated or well developed 8 Tegmina abbreviated Genus 62: Proforficula, p. 547 Tegmina normally developed, posterior margin obliquely truncate or transverse 9 Tegmina normally developed, but short, posterior margin obliquely truncate; wings entirely absent Genus 63: Guanchia, p. 554 Tegmina normally developed, not shortened, posterior margin generally transverselly truncate; wings present or absent Genus 64: Forficula, p. 589

Genus

55:

Chamaipites

BURR

Chamaipites BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. London, 1907:95. - Species typica: Anechura hermes BURR, 1900 (for subfamily Anechurinae). 1911 Chamaipites - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 76 (transference to subfamily Forficulinae). Literature: POPHAM, 1965; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1969; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1976; TOWNES, 1907

1945.

Description: Body rather robust. Head large, antennae with joints rather thick, conical; fourth joint about equal to third. Pronotum about as wide as head, strongly rounded posteriorly. Tegmina and wings perfect. Legs comparatively short, femora rather thick. Abdomen dilated about the middle, and strongly narrowed apically; ultimate tergite sloping. Distribution: Borneo. Single species. 1. Chamaipites hermes

(BURR)

1900 Anechura hermes BURR, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (7) 6: 99; pi. 4, fig. 1 (male in dorsal view), 1 a (male forceps in lateral view). - Terra typica: Sarawak (Type male: Brit. Mus. nat. Hist., London). 1907 Chamaipites hermes - BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. London, 1907: 96. Literature: BURR, 1911; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1969; SAKAI, 1973, 1982; SRIVASTAVA, 1976.

502 Description: Male general colour dark brownish-black; lateral margins of pronotum lighter, antennae and forceps brown. Head broad, transverse, frons tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct, posterior margin convex in the middle. Eyes comparatively large, about as long as the length of head behind eyes or a somewhat longer. First antennal joint well developed, broad, about as long as distance between antennal bases; second quadrate, third about as long as fourth. Pronotum about as long as wide; anterior margin convex, lateral margins rounded, posterior margin straight; median longitudinal furrow distinct; prozona tumid, metazona deplanate. Tegmina well developed, with rounded shoulders; wings distinct. Abdomen depressed, and dilated about the middle; lateral glandular folds on tergite 3 very small, those on tergite 4 large. Ultimate tergite strongly transverse, with smaller and rounded median depression near posterior margin between the two small but prominent dorsal tubercles. Forceps (Fig. 796) comparatively short, dilated basally; branches elliptical in cross-section basally and medially, cylindrical apically; dorsal surface with a very large, obtuse tooth (Fig. 797). - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 14-16 mm. Distribution: Indonesia: Borneo.

Genus 56: Skalistes

BURR

1907 Skalistes BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. London, 1907:121. - Species typica: Forficula lugubris DOHRN, 1862 (for subfamily Eparchinae). 1911 Skalistes - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 76 (transference to subfamily Forficulinae). 1936 Anechurella BEY-BIENKO, Faune de l'URSS, Dermaptera: 164. - Species typica: Forficula vara SCUDDER, 1876 (as s u b g e n u s f o r g e n u s Anechura

SCUDDER, 1876).

1970 Skalistes - BRINDLE, Entomologist, London, 103: 221 (revision, and key to species). 1989 Skalistes - STEINMANN, World Catalogue of Dermaptera, Akademiai Kiado, Budapet, p. 857. Literature: POPHAM, 1965; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1969; REICHARDT, 1971; SAKAI, 1973, STEINMANN, 1975; TOWNES, 1945.

1982;

502 Description: Male general colour dark brownish-black; lateral margins of pronotum lighter, antennae and forceps brown. Head broad, transverse, frons tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct, posterior margin convex in the middle. Eyes comparatively large, about as long as the length of head behind eyes or a somewhat longer. First antennal joint well developed, broad, about as long as distance between antennal bases; second quadrate, third about as long as fourth. Pronotum about as long as wide; anterior margin convex, lateral margins rounded, posterior margin straight; median longitudinal furrow distinct; prozona tumid, metazona deplanate. Tegmina well developed, with rounded shoulders; wings distinct. Abdomen depressed, and dilated about the middle; lateral glandular folds on tergite 3 very small, those on tergite 4 large. Ultimate tergite strongly transverse, with smaller and rounded median depression near posterior margin between the two small but prominent dorsal tubercles. Forceps (Fig. 796) comparatively short, dilated basally; branches elliptical in cross-section basally and medially, cylindrical apically; dorsal surface with a very large, obtuse tooth (Fig. 797). - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 14-16 mm. Distribution: Indonesia: Borneo.

Genus 56: Skalistes

BURR

1907 Skalistes BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. London, 1907:121. - Species typica: Forficula lugubris DOHRN, 1862 (for subfamily Eparchinae). 1911 Skalistes - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 76 (transference to subfamily Forficulinae). 1936 Anechurella BEY-BIENKO, Faune de l'URSS, Dermaptera: 164. - Species typica: Forficula vara SCUDDER, 1876 (as s u b g e n u s f o r g e n u s Anechura

SCUDDER, 1876).

1970 Skalistes - BRINDLE, Entomologist, London, 103: 221 (revision, and key to species). 1989 Skalistes - STEINMANN, World Catalogue of Dermaptera, Akademiai Kiado, Budapet, p. 857. Literature: POPHAM, 1965; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1969; REICHARDT, 1971; SAKAI, 1973, STEINMANN, 1975; TOWNES, 1945.

1982;

503 Description: Size small. Antennae with about twelve or thirteen joints, all subcylindrical; third, fourth and fifth approximately equal. Head tumid. Pronotum broad and rather short, rounded posteriorly. Tegmina shorter or longer, and wings absent, concealed or perfect. Notes by BRINDLE (1970: 218): "The males of Skalistes fall into two groups: in one the abdomen is fusiform and the last tergite is much narrower than the median tergites. The second group has a more or less parallel-sided abdomen and the last tergite is scarcely narrower than the median tergites. The first group corresponds with the characters of Skalistes given in BURR (1911: 76) whilst the second group is closely similar to some species of Forficula". Distribution: Neotropical region. 11 species (and 1 species in doubtful position). Identification key to the species (after

BRINDLE)

1 Abdomen fusiform, ultimate tergite much narrower than the median tergites 2 1' Abdomen more or less parallel-sided, the ultimate tergite not, or scarcely, narrower than the median tergites 4 2 Abdominal tergites with deep punctures; pronotum very transverse; tegmina pubescent; male forceps long, each branch with a dorsal tooth (Figs 798 and 799) 1. Skalistes inopinata, p. 504 2' Abdominal tergites with very shallow or fine punctures, or impunctate; tegmina glabrous 3 3 Tegmina and wings usually normally developed; male forceps (Fig. 800) slender, branches without a dorsal tooth 2. Skalistes lugubris, p. 505 3' Tegmina short, about as long as pronotum, wings absent or concealed; male forceps (Fig. 802) broader, both branches with a dorsal tooth (Fig. 803) 3. Skalistes cornuta, p. 506 4 Abdominal tergites strongly punctured; male forceps short, branches wider basally, inner margin serrated at base 5 4' Abdominal tergites impunctate; male forceps otherwise shaped 6 5 Wings present and visible; smaller species, body length 7 - 9 mm 4. Skalistes cacaoensis, p. 507 5' Wings absent or concealed; larger species, body length 10-11 mm 5. Skalistes biolleyi, p. 508 6 Tegmina short, wings absent or concealed 7 6' Tegmina longer, wings normally visible 9 7 Reddish to dark brown; male forceps undulate from lateral view (Fig. 808) and branches without a basal flange; smaller species, body length 7-9.5 mm 6. Skalistes vara, p. 509 T Blackish; male forceps not undulate from lateral view 8 8 Male forceps with large basal flange (Fig. 809), inner margins with a smaller ventral tooth 7. Skalistes lucasi, p. 510 8' Male forceps without basal flange (Fig. 811), inner margins with a larger dorsal tooth 8. Skalistes columbiana, p. 511 9 Larger species, body length 12,5 mm; male pygidium bifid at apex (Fig. 813); both branches of male forceps widened on basal quarter 9. Skalistes vidua, p. 512 9' Smaller species, body length 10 mm, or below; male pygidium rounded; both branches of male forceps widened only at extreme base 10 10 Abdominal tergites smoothly coriaceous; inner margin of each branch of male forceps with a narrow longitudinal flange, the flange bearing small denticulations; male pygidium transverse (Fig. 814) 10. Skalistes linsleyi, p. 513 10' Abdominal tergites coarsely coriaceous; inner margin of each branch of male forceps without a narrow flange, and smooth (Fig. 815); male pygidium narrow

it.Skalistes smithi, p. 514

504 1.

Skalistes inopinata

(BURR)

1900 Ancistrogaster inopinata BURR, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (7) 6: 86. - Terra typica: Costa Rica (Type male: Brit. Mus. nat. Hist., London). 1911 Ancistrogaster inopinata - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 76 [incorrect synonymy w i t h lugubris

(DOHRN, 1862)].

1920 Skalistes inopinata - HEBARD, Proc. Acad. nat. Sci. Philad., 72: 352 (Guatemala). 1970 Skalistes inopinata - BRINDLE, Entomologist, London, 103: 224; fig. 12 (pronotum), 16 (male forceps in lateral view), 18 (ditto, dorsally). Literature: BORELLI, 1904; REICHARDT, 1971; SAKAI, 1973, 1982.

Description: Male general colour dark brown; antennae and legs yellowishbrown. Head rounded, large, irons somewhat tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures present, posterior margin convex. Eyes prominent, but somewhat shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint normally developed, about as long as distance between antennal bases, or somewhat shorter. Pronotum very transverse, anterior margin transversely truncate, anterior angles produced, lateral margins with posterior angles and margin broadly rounded; median longitudinal furrow indistinct. Tegmina and wings fully developed, tegmina sparsely pubescent, hairs long and almost seta-like. Abdomen fusiform, tergites with deep punctures; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct. Ultimate tergite transverse, smooth, simple. Pygidium very small, rounded in superior view. Forceps (Fig. 798) contiguous and broad at base, flattened, inner margins dentated; a short distance from the base there arises a large dorsal tooth (Fig. 799), which originates from the inner margin of the branch; they each

Fig. 798 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Skalistes inopinata (BURR). After BRINDLE.

Fig. 799 Dorsal tooth of male forceps of Skalistes inopinata (BURR). After BRINDLE.

505 branch is arcuate, slenderer, with isolated small teeth on inner margin towards base. - Female similar to male, but forceps with branches simple, almost straight, contiguous. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 9-11,5 mm. Distribution: Mexico, Guatemala, Costa Rica, and Peru. 2.

Skalistes lugubris

(DOHRN)

1862 Forficula lugubris D O H R N , Stettiner ent. Ztg., 2 3 : 230. - Terra typica: Mexico (Type male: SAUSSURE'S Collection). 1903 Forficula metrica REHN, Proc. Acad. nat. Sci. Philad., 1 9 0 3 : 311. - Terra typica: Mexico (Type male: U.S. nation. Mus., Washington). 1 9 0 7 Skalistes lugubris - BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. London, 1 9 0 7 : 1 2 1 . 1911 Skalistes lugubris - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 1 2 2 : 76; pi. 8, fig. 8 (leg), 8 a (pronotum), 8 b (male forceps). 1916 Skalistes lugubris - BURR, J1R. microsc. Soc., 1 9 1 6 : 13; pi. 3, fig. 1 (male genitalia). 1971 Skalistes lugubris - REICHARDT, Pap. Avulsos zool., S. Paulo, 24(12): 166 (Mexico, Guatemala, Costa Rica). Literature: BORMANS & KRAUSS, 1900; BRINDLE, 1970; HEBARD, 1917; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1969; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 .

Description: Male black or very dark brown, shiny antennae brown; legs yellowish. Head large, broad, frons somewhat tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures distinct, posterior margin more or less straight, postero-lateral angles broadly rounded; eyes moderately large, about as long as the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint normally developed, about as long as distance between antennal bases. Pronotum transverse, anterior margin truncate, lateral margins straight and parallel, posterior angles rounded, posterior margin convex; median longitudinal furrow distinct. Tegmina and wings well developed,

Fig. 800 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Skalistes lugubris ( D O H R N ) . After BURR.

Fig. 801 lugubris

Male genital armature of Skalistes After BURR.

(DOHRN).

506 the tegmina glabrous. Abdomen fusiform; cuticle of abdominal tergites impunctate; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct, large. Ultimate tergite transverse, simple, smooth. Pygidium rounded. Branches of forceps (Fig. 800) slender, contiguous at base, inner margins with a raised longitudinal ridge basally, then arcuate. Genitalia (Fig. 801) large and comparatively short; central parameral plate broad, virga within genital lobe short, widened and sclerotized basally; external parameres fully developed, obtuse apically. - Female very similar to male, but forceps with branches slender, shorter than those of male, cylindrical, gradually tapering to apex, contiguous. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 9 - 1 7 mm. Distribution: Mexico, Guatemala, Costa Rica. 3. Skalistes cornuta

(BURR)

1883 Labia cheliduroides BORMANS, 1883 (nec BORMANS, 1880), Annls Soc. ent. Belg., 27: 74. - Terra typica: Mexico (Type male: Naturhist. Mus., Wien). 1908 Strongylopsalis cornuta BURR, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (8) 1: 50 (new name for Labia cheliduroides BORMANS, 1883, a junior secondary homonymy of cheliduroides BORMANS, 1880). 1911 Strongylopsalis cornuta - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 76 [incorrect synonymy w i t h lugubris

(DOHRN, 1862)].

1970 Skalistes cornuta - BRINDLE, Entomologist, London, 103: 224; fig. 11 (pronotum), 15 (male forceps in dorsal view), 17 (ditto, laterally). Literature: REICHARDT, 1971; SAKAI, 1973, 1982.

Description: Male general colour dark or blackish-brown; antennae and legs yellowish-brown. Head broad, large, rounded, frons tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures distinct, posterior margin convex. Eyes normally developed,

Fig. 802 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Skalistes cornuta (BURR). After BRINDLE.

Fig. 803 Dorsal tooth of male forceps of Skalistes cornuta (BURR). After BRINDLE.

507 about as long as the length of head behind eyes, or somewhat shorter. First antennal joint about as long as distance between antennal bases, or somewhat shorter. Pronotum transverse, anterior margin transversely truncate, lateral margins more or less parallel and straight, posterior angles broadly rounded, last margin convex; median longitudinal furrow indistinct. Tegmina short, about as long as pronotum, glabrous; wings absent. Abdomen fusiform, subcylindrical, tergites with very shallow or fine punctures; lateral glandular folds on tergite 3 smaller, those on tergite 4 larger. Ultimate tergite strongly transverse, simple, with a smaller depression medially near posterior margin. Pygidium small, rounded. Forceps (Fig. 802) specific, widened for basal half, inner margins strongly and irregularly dentated; from the inner margins, near the base, arises a large dorsal tooth (Fig. 803); distal part of branch slender and curved. - Female similar to male, but forceps with branches slender, simple and contiguous. Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 9 - 1 3 mm. Distribution: Mexico. 4.

Skalistes cacaoensis

(CAUDELL)

1907 Forficula cacaoensis CAUDELL, Proc. U.S. natn. Mus., 33: 175. - Terra typica: Mexico (Type male, type No. 10370: U.S. natn. Mus., Washington). 1910 Skalistes cacaoensis - BURR, Proc. U.S. natn. Mus., 38: 462; fig. 7 (male ultimate tergite with forceps) (Guatemala). 1970 Skalistes cacaoensis - BRINDLE, Entomologist, London, 103:225; fig. 6 (male forceps), 7 (female forceps), 9 (pronotum) (Mexico, Guatemala). Literature: BURR, 1911; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1969; REICHARDT, 1971; SAKAI, 1973, 1982.

Description: Male generally blackish; legs and antennae brown or yellowish. Head large, broad, frons somewhat tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures distinct, posterior margin convex. Eyes prominent, about as long as the length of

Fig. 804 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Skalistes cacaoensis (CAUDELL). After

Fig. 805 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Skalistes cacaoensis (CAUDELL). After

BRINDLE.

BRINDLE.

508 head behind eyes. Antennae 13-jointed; first joint normally developed, about as long as distance between antennal bases. Pronotum transverse, anteriorly very slightly excavate, the sides straight, and rounded posteriorly; median longitudinal furrow present. Tegmina and wings fully developed, glabrous, impunctate. Abdomen more or less parallel sided, tergites 2 - 9 punctured; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct. Ultimate tergite strongly transverse, simple. Pygidium small, rounded. Forceps (Fig. 804) contiguous on the basal eighth, or slightly less, due to a basal expansion extending almost horizontally inwards from the branch of the forceps and which is dentate on the inner margins. Female similar to male, but forceps (Fig. 805) nearly straight, the tips somewhat incurved apically and the basal two-thirds is triquetrous, inwardly slightly depressed and minutely serrate. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 8 - 1 1 mm. Distribution: Mexico, Guatemala. 5.

Skalistes biolleyi

(BORELLI)

1906 Pseudochelidura biolleyi BORELLI, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. R. Univ., Torino, 21 (531): 18; figs (male in dorsal view, and female forceps). - Terra typica: Costa Rica (Type male: Mus. 1st. Zool. sist. Univ., Torino - holotype without penis). 1911 Anechura biolleyi - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 74. 1970 Skalistes biolleyi - BRINDLE, Entomologist, London, 103: 225. L i t e r a t u r e : B U R R , 1 9 0 9 ; P O P H A M & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 9 ; R E I C H A R D T , 1 9 7 1 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 ,

1982.

Description: Male general colour blackish; antennae and legs brownishyellow. Head moderately large, broad, somewhat tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures distinct, posterior margin concave in the middle. Eyes prominent, large, about as long as the length of head behind eyes, or somewhat shorter. First antennal bases normally developed, equal in length with distance between antennal bases. Pronotum transverse, typical, lateral margins more or less

Fig. 806 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Skalistes biolleyi (BORELLI). After BORELLI.

509 parallel, posterior angles broadly rounded, last margin straight or faintly convex; median longitudinal furrow present. Tegmina short, wings absent or concealed. Abdomen more or less parallel-sided or somewhat convex in superior view; tergites strongly punctured; lateral glandular, folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct. Ultimate tregite broad, large, with smaller median depression near posterior margin and with two rounded projections. Pygidium very small. Forceps (Fig. 806) characteristic; branches strongly dilated, flattened at basal half, inner margins of basal portion strongly crenulated and dentated; branches cylindrical in cross-section apically. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 12-14 mm. Distribution: Costa Rica. 6.

Skalistes vara

(SCUDDER)

1876 Forficula vara SCUDDER, Proc. Boston Soc. nat. Hist., 18: 260. - Terra typica: Mexico (Type male: U.S. natn. Mus., Washington). 1900 Chelidura vara - BORMANS & KRAUSS, Das Tierreich, Berlin, 11: 106. 1904 Pseudochelidura vara - KIRBY, Syn. Cat. Orth., 1: 55. 1911 Anechura vara - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 74. 1917 Anechura vara - HEBARD, Trans. Am. ent. Soc., 43:422; pi. 28, fig. 12 (male forceps, lateral and dorsal view), 13 (ditto), 14 (ditto). 1936 Anechura (Anechurella) vara - BEY-BIENKO, Faune de l'URSS, Dermaptera: 164. 1970 Skalistes vara - BRINDLE, Entomologist, London, 103: 227; fig. 1 (male in dorsal view). Literature: REICHARDT, 1971; SAKAI, 1973, 1982.

Description: Male reddish to dark brown; antennae dark brown; legs yellowish. Head broad, large, tumid; postfrontal and coronal sutures well marked, posterior margin convex. Eyes large, about as long as the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint about as long as distance between antennal bases. Pronotum transverse, anterior margin transversely truncate, lateral margins straight and more or less parallel, posterior angles rounded, posterior margin convex. Tegmina short, wings absent or concealed. Abdomen large, somewhat depressed, faintly convex in superior view; lateral glandular folds on

Fig. 807 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Skalistes vara (SCUDDER). Original.

Fig. 808 Male forceps in lateral view of Skalistes vara (SCUDDER). Original.

510 tergites 3 - 4 distinct. Ultimate tergite strongly transverse, depressed medially near posterior margin, with two smaller, rounded protuberances laterally. Pygidium transverse, posterior margin concave. Both branches of male forceps (Fig. 807) very short, sinuate, and curved dorsally (Fig. 808); inner margins with irregularly denticulation and, sometimes, a larger dorsal or dorso-median tooth. Genitalia unknown to me. - Female very similar to male, but forceps with branches contiguous, simple. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 9 - 1 3 mm. Distribution: Mexico. 7. Skalistes lucasi

BRINDLE

1974 Skalistes lucasi BRINDLE, Entomologist's Rec., 86: 6; fig. 1 (male in dorsal view), 2 (female forceps), 3 (anterior leg), 4 (posterior leg). - Terra typica: Mexico (Type male: California Acad. Sci.). L i t e r a t u r e : SAKAI, 1 9 8 2 .

Description: Male blackish; antennae dark brown, basal joint reddish-yellow to reddish-brown; legs reddish or yellowish-brown, or with femora somewhat darkened. Cuticle coriaceous, glabrous, rather shiny. Head transverse, tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures distinct; frons with two U-shaped depressions lying between the antennal bases. Eyes large, more or less as long as the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint long, but slightly shorter than distance between antennal bases; second transverse, third and fourth joints nearly subequal in length. Pronotum transverse, lateral margins almost straight and curved slightly dorsally, posterior margin weakly convex; median longitudinal furrow fine. Tegmina about as long as pronotum, measured along suture, posterior margins more or less straight. Wings absent. Legs relatively short,

Fig. 809 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Skalistes lucasi BRINDLE. After BRINDLE.

Fig. 810 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Skalistes lucasi BRINDLE. After BRINDLE.

511 femora broad, especially those of anterior pair of legs, and with very sparse yellow hairs; tibiae compressed, somewhat shorter than femora, and with longer ventral yellow hairs. Abdomen broad, depressed, slightly wider medially, lateral glandular folds on third tergite well marked, those on fourth larger. Ultimate tergite transverse, depressed medially near posterior margin, and with a short median longitudinal sulcus. Forceps (Fig. 809) strongly widened at base to form a rounded flange, margin irregular and thickened, the flange not reaching extreme base but recessed and exposing the rounded pygidium; the rest of branch evenly curved, curvature varying slightly, inner margin with small denticulations basally and with a median tooth of variable size. - Female similar to male, but both branches of forceps (Fig. 810) slender, broader basally, inner margins recessed at extreme base and with crenulations for basal half or more. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 13-17 mm. Distribution: Mexico. 8.

Skalistes columbiana

STEINMANN

1979 Skalistes columbiana STEINMANN, Folia ent. hung., 32: 169; fig. 38 (head, pronotum, and tegmina), 39 (male ultimate tergite with forceps). 40 (genitalia of holotype). - Terra typica: Colombia (Type male, gen.prep. No. 415, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN: Instytut Zoologiczny, Warszawa).

Description: Male nearly black, slightly brownish-black. Head wide, about as wide as pronotum; frons tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct, posterior margin convex. Eyes prominent, somewhat shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint elongate, but slightly shorter than distance between antennal bases. Pronotum about as long as wide, anterior margin convex, antero-lateral angles produced, lateral margins nearly parallel, posterior angles and margin broadly rounded; median longitudinal furrow indistinct. Tegmina short, only slightly longer than length of pronotum, posterior margins obliquely truncate. Wings entirely absent. Abdomen normally developed, tergites very obscurely punctate, in essence rather greasily shiny; lateral glandular folds on tergite third smaller, those on tergite fourth larger. Ultimate tergite relatively long, lateral margins diverging, hence anterior margin shorter than posterior margin, the latter visibly angulate at line of inner margins of forceps; median section slightly concave. Pygidium not visible in superior view. Forceps (Fig. 811) evenly attenuating, largely straight, apical third finely arcuate; inner margins with a well-discernible pair of teeth on dorsal surface. Genitalia (Fig. 812) relatively short and compact; central parameral plate narrow basally and widened apically, virga within genital lobe short, but its basal section strikingly widened, the basal vesicle terminating in two appendages. External parameres medium-size, slightly inclinate, apically widely rounded. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 13 mm. Distribution: Colombia.

512

Fig. 811 Holotype ultimate tergite with forceps of Skalistes columbiana STEINMANN.

Skalistes columbiana STEINMANN. After

A f t e r STEINMANN.

STEINMANN.

9.

Skalistes vidua

(BURR)

1905 Forficula vidua BURR, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (7) 16:494. - Terra typica: Guatemala (Type male: Brit. Mus. nat. Hist., London). 1911 Skalistes vidua - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 76. 1970 Skalistes vidua - BRINDLE, Entomologist, London, 103: 227; fig. 2 (male forceps).

Literature:

POPHAM, 1 9 6 5 ; POPHAM & STEYSKAL, 1 9 7 3 .

BRINDLE,

1 9 6 9 ; REICHARDT,

1971; SAKAI,

1973,

1982;

Description: Male general colour dark brown; legs yellowish-brown; antennae yellow basally; abdomen and forceps very dark reddish-brown. Head large, broad, tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures present, posterior margin convex. Eyes typical, about as long as the length of head behind eyes or somewhat shorter. First antennal joint about as long as distance between antennal bases. Pronotum transverse, anterior margin truncate, lateral margins more or less parallel, posterior margin convex; median longitudinal furrow distinct. Tegmina normally developed, wings short; impunctate. Abdomen depressed, rather broadened medially, tergites 5 - 7 finely punctured and strongly coriaceous; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct. Ultimate tergite strongly transverse, smooth, with four broad longitudinal dark brown bands on anterior two-thirds. Pygidium characteristic, short and small, posterior margin bifid. Forceps (Fig. 813) with each branch curved, cylindrical, inner margins broadened basally to form a flange, the posterior portion of which is slightly raised dorsally. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 16-17 mm. Distribution: Guatemala.

513

Fig. 813 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Skalistes vidua (BURR). After BRINDLE.

10. Skalistes linsleyi

BRINDLE

1970 Skalistes linsleyi BRINDLE, Entomologist, London, 103: 226; fig. 4 (male forceps). - Terra typica: Mexico (Type male: California Acad. Sci.). Literature: SAKAI, 1973, 1982.

Description: Male dark yellowish-brown; antennae yellow; legs yellow or yellowish-brown; abdomen and forceps dark reddish-brown. Head transverse, tumid; postfrontal and coronal sutures scarcely visible, posterior margin convex. Eyes relatively large and almost as long as length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint smaller, shorter than distance between antennal bases. Pronotum transverse, lateral margins parallel, posterior margin weakly convex; median longitudinal furrow distinct. Tegmina long, nearly twice as long as pronotum; wings slightly more than half as long as pronotum. Cuticle of head, pronotum, tegmina and wings smooth. Legs relatively long, femora broadened, tibiae slender, shorter than femora; tarsi with basal joint cylindrical, as long as both distal joints. Abdomen broadened medially, cuticle coriaceous; lateral glandular folds on third tergite only weakly indicated, those on fourth tergite prominent, large. Ultimate tergite broad, transverse, smooth. Pygidium small, short, rounded posteriorly. Forceps (Fig. 814) slender and short, broadened only at

Fig. 814 Holotype ultimate tergite with forceps of Skalistes linsleyi BRINDLE. After BRINDLE.

514 extreme base, inner basal teeth directed slightly dorsally; branches more or less cylindrical in cross-section medially and apically, but inner margins with sharp dorsal and ventral edges; dorsal surface with a smaller tooth. - Female similar to male, but ultimate tergite less wide; both branches of forceps slender, cylindrical, almost straight, curved at apex; contiguous. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 10-12 mm. Distribution: Mexico. 11. Skalistes smithi (BORMANS) 1893 ForficulaS/W'Ì/H BORMANS, Biol. Centr.-Am., Orth.: 11.-Terra typica: Mexico (Type male: Brit. Mus. nat. Hist., London). 1911 Skalistes smithi - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 76. 1970 Skalistes smithi - BRINDLE, Entomologist, London, 103: 226; fig. 3 (male forceps), 4 (pronotum). Literature: BORMANS & KRAUSS, 1 9 0 0 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 9 ; REICHARDT, 1 9 7 1 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1982.

Description: Male unknown to me. Notes by BRINDLE ( 1 9 7 0 : 2 2 6 ) : "Very similar to the previous species, differing mainly in the form of the male forceps (Fig. 815). It is possible that linsleyi may prove to be a subspecies of smithi, since the known distribution of the former is to the west and north of the localities recorded for smithi, but further material on the latter species is desirable. There is no variation in the form of the forceps of the specimens of both species examined. Only two male specimens are known. Length: body 8 - 9 mm, forceps 3 - 4 mm." Distribution: Mexico.

Fig. 815 Skalistes

Male ultimate tergite with forceps of smithi

(BORMANS). A f t e r BRINDLE.

Doubtful position ? Skalistes peruviana

BRINDLE

1970 Skalistes peruviana BRINDLE, Entomologist, London, 103: 233; fig. 5 (female forceps), 13 (male forceps). - Terra typica: Peru (Type male: Manchester Mus.).

515 Description: Male dark yellowish-brown to black; legs yellowish-brown. Head transverse, tumid, sutures scarcely visible. Eyes smaller, and shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint short, second transverse. Pronotum transverse, slightly widened posteriorly, last margin strongly convex; anterior angles prominent and sharp; median longitudinal furrow present medially. Tegmina short, about as long as pronotum, obliquely truncate posteriorly, and a well-defined lateral longitudinal ridge extends along each tegmen from base, but is evanescent on posterior sixth. Wings absent. Legs long, femora only slightly widened. Abdomen fusiform, with sparse, very shallow, punctures; lateral glandular folds on third tergite relatively large, those on fourth tergite very large. Ultimate tergite strongly transverse. Forceps (Fig. 816) with branches long and slender, separated by a small, rounded pygidium at base, then contiguous for basal third, inner margins raised into a low longitudinal ridge, distal two-thirds of branch slender, cylindrical, arcuate, inner margin with small isolated teeth. - Female similar to male, but branches shorter (Fig. 817), each branch slender, cylindrical, gradually tapering distally, apices incurved. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 12-16 mm. Distribution: Peru.

Fig. 816 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of ? Skalistes peruviana BRINDLE. After BRINDLE.

Fig. 817 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of ? Skalistes peruviana BRINDLE. After BRINDLE.

516 Genus 57: Parlax 1911 Parlax

BURR

BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 79. - Species typica:

Opisthocosmia

nieuwenhuisi BURR, 1 9 0 9 . Literature: POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1969; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1976; STEINMANN, 1 9 7 5 , 1 9 8 9 .

Description: Build slender. Head tumid, smooth, postfrontal and coronal sutures not very distinct. Pronotum about as wide as head, rounded posteriorly. Lobe of metasternum almost square, scarcely wider than long. Tegmina ample, smooth, long, and well rounded at the shoulders. First tarsal joint about one and a half times as long as the third. Abdomen strongly dilated, attaining its maximum width just short of the apex. Male forceps slender, elongate and cylindrical. Distribution: Indonesia. Single species. 1.

Parlax nieuwenhuisi

(BURR)

1909 Opisthocosmia nieuwenhuisi BURR, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (8) 4: 118. - Terra typica: Borneo (Type male: unknown locality). 1911 Parlax nieuwenhuisi-BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 79; pi. 7, fig. 14 (male ultimate tergite with forceps). 1976 Parlax nieuwenhuisis - SRIVASTAVA, Misc. Publ. Occ. (Calcutta), 2: 61 (Sumatra and Borneo). Literature: POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1969; SAKAI, 1973, 1982; STEINMANN, 1975, 1989.

Description: Male head with antennae, pronotum, abdominal tergites and forceps very dark brownish-black; legs yellowish, tegmina and wings bicolour: dark brown with longitudinal, broad yellowish band. Head comparatively small, rounded, tumid, and smooth, postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct, posterior margin convex. Eyes small, somewhat shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint about as long as distance between antennal

Fig. 818 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Parlax nieuwenhuisi (BURR). Original.

517 bases; second transverse, the rest subconical. Pronotum about as wide as long or somewhat wider than long; truncate anteriorly, lateral margins widened posteriorly; posterior angles and margin broadly rounded; prozona tumid, metazona deplanate. Tegmina and wings fully developed. Abdomen elongate, somewhat depressed, strongly dilated, attaining its maximum width just short of apex; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct. Ultimate tergite transverse, depressed medially and laterally near posterior margin, lateral angles produced with an obtuse tubercle. Pygidium short, transverse. Forceps (Fig. 818) with branches slender, widely remote at base, elongate and cylindrical; inner margins with some well-isolated smaller or larger teeth. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 15-8 mm. Distribution: Indonesia: Borneo and Sumatra. Genus 58: Doru

BURR

1907 Doru BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. London, 1907: 123. - Species typica: Forficula linearis ESCHSCHOLTZ, 1822 (for subfamily Doratinae). 1907 Doratinae BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. London, 1907: 123. - Genus typicum: Doru BURR, 1907). 1911 Doru - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 78 (transference to subfamily Forficulinae). 1911 Phaulex BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 78. - Species typica: Forficula albipes FABRICIUS, 1787.

1971 Doru - BRINDLE, Pap. Avulsos zool. S. Paulo, 23 (21): 181 (revision, and key to species). 1971 Phaulex - BRINDLE, Pap. Avulsos zool. S. Paulo, 23 (21): 181 (proposed synonymy with Doru BURR, 1907).

1979 Doru - STEINMANN, Folia ent. hung., 32:171 (key to South American species), and 32:173 (key to Indo-Australian species). 1989 Doru - STEINMANN, World Catalogue of Dermaptera, Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, p. 798. Literature: BURR, 1912; CAUDELL, 1913; HINCKS, 1949; POPHAM, 1965; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1969; REICHARDT, 1971; SAKAI, 1973, 1982; STEINMANN, 1975; TILLYARD, 1926; TOWNES, 1945.

Description: Shiny to rather dull species of medium size. Head smooth, broad; eyes small; antennae with first joint usually shorter than distance between antennal bases; joints more or less cylindrical, not greatly elongated. Pronotum variable in shape. Tegmina normally developed or short, usually meeting along sutures; wings absent or present. Abdomen generally parallel-sided or widened posteriorly. Ultimate tergite transverse, usually with a tubercle above the base of each branch of the forceps, or with smaller and more numerous tubercles between the branches. Male forceps well separated, arcuate or almost straight, inner tooth absent or present. Pygidium characteristic, spatulate or pointed. Male genitalia weakly sclerotized; virga within genital lobe short and broad, basal vesicle large, straight or curved. Distribution: Neotropical and Indo-Australian regions. 15 species. Identification key to the species 1 V

Indo-Australian species Neotropical species . .

2 3

517 bases; second transverse, the rest subconical. Pronotum about as wide as long or somewhat wider than long; truncate anteriorly, lateral margins widened posteriorly; posterior angles and margin broadly rounded; prozona tumid, metazona deplanate. Tegmina and wings fully developed. Abdomen elongate, somewhat depressed, strongly dilated, attaining its maximum width just short of apex; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct. Ultimate tergite transverse, depressed medially and laterally near posterior margin, lateral angles produced with an obtuse tubercle. Pygidium short, transverse. Forceps (Fig. 818) with branches slender, widely remote at base, elongate and cylindrical; inner margins with some well-isolated smaller or larger teeth. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 15-8 mm. Distribution: Indonesia: Borneo and Sumatra. Genus 58: Doru

BURR

1907 Doru BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. London, 1907: 123. - Species typica: Forficula linearis ESCHSCHOLTZ, 1822 (for subfamily Doratinae). 1907 Doratinae BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. London, 1907: 123. - Genus typicum: Doru BURR, 1907). 1911 Doru - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 78 (transference to subfamily Forficulinae). 1911 Phaulex BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 78. - Species typica: Forficula albipes FABRICIUS, 1787.

1971 Doru - BRINDLE, Pap. Avulsos zool. S. Paulo, 23 (21): 181 (revision, and key to species). 1971 Phaulex - BRINDLE, Pap. Avulsos zool. S. Paulo, 23 (21): 181 (proposed synonymy with Doru BURR, 1907).

1979 Doru - STEINMANN, Folia ent. hung., 32:171 (key to South American species), and 32:173 (key to Indo-Australian species). 1989 Doru - STEINMANN, World Catalogue of Dermaptera, Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, p. 798. Literature: BURR, 1912; CAUDELL, 1913; HINCKS, 1949; POPHAM, 1965; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1969; REICHARDT, 1971; SAKAI, 1973, 1982; STEINMANN, 1975; TILLYARD, 1926; TOWNES, 1945.

Description: Shiny to rather dull species of medium size. Head smooth, broad; eyes small; antennae with first joint usually shorter than distance between antennal bases; joints more or less cylindrical, not greatly elongated. Pronotum variable in shape. Tegmina normally developed or short, usually meeting along sutures; wings absent or present. Abdomen generally parallel-sided or widened posteriorly. Ultimate tergite transverse, usually with a tubercle above the base of each branch of the forceps, or with smaller and more numerous tubercles between the branches. Male forceps well separated, arcuate or almost straight, inner tooth absent or present. Pygidium characteristic, spatulate or pointed. Male genitalia weakly sclerotized; virga within genital lobe short and broad, basal vesicle large, straight or curved. Distribution: Neotropical and Indo-Australian regions. 15 species. Identification key to the species 1 V

Indo-Australian species Neotropical species . .

2 3

518 2

2'

3

3' 4 4' 5 5' 6 6' 7 7' 8 8' 9

9' 10 10' 11 11' 12 12' 13 13' 14 14' 15

Male pronotum longer than wide; lateral margins nearly parallel, posterior margin widely and arcuately rounded. Male forceps (Fig. 819) gradually and arcuately curved, tooth on inner margin of apical third of cerci. Anterior margin of unpaired genital lobe constricted (as in all Doru species), external parameres strongly widened in basal section. Distributed in Australia (New South Wales) 1. Doru speculiferum, p. 519 Male pronotum as wide as long; lateral margins nearly parallel, but posterior margin less widely rounded. Male forceps (Fig. 820) visibly curved only in the median section, tooth on inner margin of apical fourth of cerci. Anterior margin of unpaired genital lobe widened, whereas basal section of external parameres is not widened (Fig. 821). Distributed in New Guinea 2. Doru dohrni, p. 520 Tegmina dark brown or blackish, with a yellow median spot; male ultimate tergite with four tubercles near posterior margin (Fig. 822); male pygidium comparatively short; male genitalia as in Fig. 823 3. Doru albipes, p. 521 Tegmina not spotted 4 Tegmina blackish-brown or dark unicolorous brown; wings yellow of white; male ultimate tergite with ten tubercles near posterior margin (Fig. 825); male genitalia as in Fig. 826 4. Doru leucopteryx, p. 522 Tegmina striped or unicolorous; wings, when present, not conspicuously lighter in colour than tegmina; male ultimate tergite with two tubercles near posterior margin 5 Pronotum strongly transverse; tegmina shorter than pronotum (Fig. 827), wings absent; male forceps short and wide, as in Fig. 828 5. Doru robustum, p. 523 Pronotum not strongly transverse; tegmina longer, at least meeting along sutures 6 Pronotum longer than wide 7 Pronotum quadrate or transverse 8 Pronotum evenly widened posteriorly or with lateral margins sinuate; male pygidium spatulate (Fig. 830); male genitalia of Doru-type, as in Fig. 831 6. Doru platensis, p. 524 Pronotum with lateral margins parallel; male pygidium spine-like (Fig. 832); male genitalia specific, not of Doru-type, as in Fig. 833 7. Doru turbator, p. 526 Uniformly dark reddish-brown in colour 9 Not uniformly dark reddish-brown 10 Tegmina long, about two and a half times as long as wide; posterior margins concavely truncate, but inner angles visibly extending posteriorad; wings well developed, about half as long as tegmina; pronotum subquadrate; male pygidium gradually attenuating, then terminating in a narrow, pointed peg (Fig. 834); male basal vesicle as in Fig. 835 8. Doru unicolor, p. 527 Tegmina shorter, about twice as long as wide; posterior margins concavely truncate, but inner angles of margin hardly extending posteriorad; wings absent; pronotum quadrate; male pygidium as in Fig. 836; male basal vesicle as in Fig. 837 9. Doru beybienkoi, p. 528 Pronotum comparatively small, posterior margin convex; reddish-brown, tegmina and wings with a yellow stripe, and always fully developed; male forceps as in Fig. 838 10. Doru tineare, p. 529 Pronotum comparatively large, much less strongly convex posteriorly 11 Pronotum transverse; tegmina and wings always fully developed; general colour deep black and bright yellow; male forceps typical, slightly arcuate (Fig. 841) 11. Doru taeniatum, p. 530 Pronotum as wide as long 12 North American species; robust; tegmina short, wings concealed; pronotum relatively large; pygidial spine of male long (Fig. 843) 12. Doru aculeatum, p. 532 South and Central American species; tegmina normally developed or short; wings visible or concealed; pygidial spine of male shorter 13 Wings present and visible 14 Wings absent or concealed 15 Pronotum widened posteriorly 13. Doru cincinnatoi, p. 533 Pronotum parallel-sided 14. Doru luteipes, p. 533 Pronotum parallel-sided; abdomen shorter, usually blackish; male forceps (Fig. 844) evenly curved, inner tooth about three-quarters from base 14. Doru luteipes, p. 533

519 15' Pronotum usually widened posteriorly; abdomen comparatively long, dark red; male forceps (Fig. 846) with branches generally with a double curve, inner tooth about two-thirds from 15. Doru gracilis, p. 535 base

1. Doru spiculiferum (KIRBY) 1891 Sphingolabis spiculiferum KIRBY, J. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., 23: 528; pi. 12, fig. 7 (male in dorsal view); 7 a (male abdominal end with forceps in lateral view). - Terra typica: New South Wales (Type male: Brit. Mus. nat. Hist., London). 1900 Apterygida spiculifera - BORMANS & KRAUSS, Das Tierreich, Berlin, 11: 119. 1911 Doru spiculiferum - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 79. 1971 Doru spiculiferum - BRINDLE, Pap. Avulsos zool. S. Paulo, 23 (21): 185; fig. 6 (pronotum), 15 (male forceps). L i t e r a t u r e : SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 7 9 .

Description: Male head dark chocolate brown; antennae brown; pronotum blackish with lateral margins yellow; tegmina brown, suture slightly darker; legs yellowish-brown; abdomen very dark reddish-brown; male forceps blackish, female forceps reddish. Head broad, frons tumid; postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct, posterior margin convex in the middle. Eyes small, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint normally developed, about as long as distance between antennal bases. Head, pronotum, two basal segments of abdomen, and terminal segment (except two parallel longitudinal spaces on the back) very finely coriaceous; the rest of the abdomen with deep round punctures. Pronotum rather narrower than the head and nearly twice as long as wide; lateral margins somewhat widened posteriorly, posterior angles with margin broadly rounded; median longitudinal furrow indistinct. Tegmina present, testaceous, with a blackish band on the suture; wings not visible. Abdomen elongate, somewhat widened posteriorly; lateral glandular folds on

Fig. 819 (KIRBY).

Male forceps of Doru After KIRBY.

spiculiferum

520 tergites 3 - 4 distinct. Ultimate tergite transverse. Pygidium not prominent, but armed with a long sharp spine, nearly two millimeters in length, projecting between the base of the forceps. Branches of forceps (Fig. 819) thickened and diverging at base, than curving gradually downwards and upwards; just beyond the base is a rather strong tooth on the dorso-internal surface, and the inner curve is denticulated throughout, as far as a small tooth just before the upward turn of the tips. Genitalia unknown. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 16.5 mm. Distribution: Australia: New South Wales. 2.

Doru dohrni

STEINMANN

1979 Doru dohrni STEINMANN, Folia ent. hung., 32: 173; fig. 49 (pronotum, tegmina and wings), 50 (male ultimate tergite with forceps), 51 (genitalia of holotype). - Terra typica: New Guinea (Type male, gen.prep. No. 378, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN: Instytut Zoologiczny, Warszawa).

Description: Male dark brown, easily recognizable by its snow-white wings. In coloration, highly resembling Doru leucopteryx BURR from Venezuela. Original description: "Pronotum quadratic, unicolorous, lateral margins nearly parallel. Tegmina long, more than twice longer than wide. Wings wite, well developed. Posterior margin of last tergite with ten minute pegs, again as in leucopteryx

Fig. 820 Holotype ultimate tergite with forceps of Doru dohrni STEINMANN. After STEINMANN.

Fig. 821

Holotype genital armature of Doru

dohrni STEINMANN. After STEINMANN.

521 BURR, but arranged otherwise, in leucopteryx the two extreme pairs are above each other, in the nominate species beside each other. Male forceps (Fig. 820) longer, the pair of teeth situated medially on the forceps in leucopteryx BURR, but in the special fifth in dohrni. No pegs or appendages on dorsal surface of forceps. Male genitalia (Fig. 821) further substantiating its specific distinctness (as also suggested by its peculiar distribution). Paramere relatively short, narrow, hardly longer than length of metaparameres; these latter very characteristic, parallel for a longer section, and curving inwards only near their apices. Genital lobe unpaired, also very striking, conspicuously widening at its anterior, transversely truncate margin. Virga medium long, basal vesiculum not of the Doru-type, but rather forficuloid; strongly curved, with a characteristic lateral sac at the beginning of its curvature." - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 15 mm. Distribution: New Guinea. 3.

Doru albipes

(FABRICIUS)

1787 Forficula albipes FABRICIUS, M a n t . Ins., 1: 224. - Terra typica: West Indies (Type female: Z o o l . Mus., Kebenhavn). 1817 Forficula bimaculata BEAUVOIS, Ins. Rec. A f r . - A m e r . : 165; pi. 14, fig. 2 (female in d o r s a l view). Terra typica: H i s p a n i o l a (Type female: u n k n o w n locality). 1900 Apterygida albipes - BORMANS & KRAUSS, D a s Tierreich, Berlin, 11: 114 ( C u b a ) . 1904 Sphingolabis albipes - KIRBY, Syn. C a t . O r t h . , 1: 11. 1907 Doru albipes - BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. L o n d o n , 1907: 123. 1911 Phaulex albipes - BURR, G e n e r a I n s e c t o r u m , Bruxelles, 122: 78. 1917 Doru albipes - REHN & HEBARD, Bull. A m . M u s . n a t . Hist., 37:659; fig. 7 (male in d o r s a l view), 8 (male p y g i d i u m ) , 9 (female forceps), 10 (female p y g i d i u m ) ( D o m i n i c a , Virgin Islands). Literature: BURR, 1910; MENOZZI, 1931; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1969; REICHARDT, 1971; SAKAI, 1973, 1982.

Description: Male head blackish; antennae brown with basal two or three joints yellow; pronotum yellow with two longitudinal black bands, either narrow or wider, sometimes covering most of sclerite; tegmina dark brown, tegmina with a yellow anterior spot, variable in size; wings yellow; legs yellow; abdomen blackish; forceps dark red. Head large, rounded, frons tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct, posterior margin more or less straight. Eyes prominent, but small, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint well developed, strongly narrowed basally, widened apically; about as long as distance between antennal bases; second transverse, the rest typical. Pronotum somewhat transverse, truncate anteriorly; lateral margins faintly convex, posterior angles and margin broadly rounded; median longitudinal furrow distinct. Tegmina fully developed, posterior margins concave, wings prominent. Abdomen elongated, tergites strongly and deeply punctured; lateral glandular fold on tergite 3 smaller, those on tergite 4 large. Ultimate tergite transverse, the disc with two smaller and two larger tubercles near posterior margin. Pygidium comparatively short, triangular in superior view. Forceps (Fig. 822) not of

522 Doru-type, branches less curved, except apices; trigonal in cross-section basally and medially, ventral inner margins with irregular and isolated small tubercles. Genitalia (Fig. 823) simple; central parameral plate narrow and short, virga within genital lobe typical, short, strongly sclerotized basally; external parameres moderately large, obtuse apically. - Female similar to male, but forceps (Fig. 824) straight, somewhat depressed, inner margins with a smaller tooth. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 10-18 mm. Distribution: Central America.

Fig. 822 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Doru albipes (FABRICIUS). After

Fig. 823 Male genital armature of Doru albipes (FABRICIUS). O r i g i n a l .

Fig. 824 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Doru albipes

(FABRICIUS).

Original.

REHN & HEBARD.

4.

Doru leucopteryx

BURR

1912 Doru leucopteryx BURR, Annln naturh. Mus. Mus., Wien, 26: 99. - Terra typica: Venezuela (Type male: Naturhist. Mus., Wien). 1912 Doru leucopteryx - BURR, Annln naturh. Mus., Wien, 26: 331; fig. 6 (male in dorsal view). 1968 Doru leucopteryx - BRINDLE, Acta biol. Ven., 6 (1): 92; fig. 3 (male genitalia), 4 (male forceps). L i t e r a t u r e : BRINDLE, 1971; REICHARDT, 1971; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 7 9 .

Description: Male head and pronotum blackish, the latter with yellow lateral margins; antennae brown; tegmina blackish or dark brown; wings yellow or white; legs brown; abdomen black. Head longer than wide, frons tumid; postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct, posterior margin convex. Eyes prominent, but shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint well developed, strongly narrowed basally, about as long as distance between antennal bases. Pronotum transverse, ample, anterior margin transversely truncate, lateral margins more or less straight and parallel, posterior margin

523 convex; median longitudinal furrow present. Tegmina fully developed, posterior margins concave; wings prominent. Abdomen elongate, more or less parallelsided; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct. Ultimate tergite transverse, with ten small conical tubercles, but the size of these is subject to some variation. Pygidium typical, spine-like. Forceps (Fig. 825) straight, inner margin of each branch dentated and with an inner tooth. Genitalia (Fig. 826) well developed; central parameral plate broad and large, virga within genital lobe moderately short, basal vesicle well sclerotized; external parameres fully developed, large. Female very similar to male, but forceps with branches almost contiguous, straight, except at apices. - Length of body with forceps, male: 11-16 mm, female: 9 - 1 3 mm. Distribution: Venezuela.

Fig. 825 Male forceps with forceps of Doru leucopteryx BURR. After BRINDLE.

5.

Fig. 826 Male genitalia of Doru leucopteryx BURR. After BRINDLE.

Doru robustum

BRINDLE

1971 Doru robustum BRINDLE, Pap. Avulsos zool. S. Paulo, 23 (21): 184; fig. 1 (male in dorsal view), 2 (genitalia of holotype). - Terra typica: Peru (Type male: U.S. nation. Mus., Washington). Literature: REICHARDT, 1971; SAKAI, 1973, 1 9 8 2 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 7 9 .

Description: Male body broad and robust; dark brown in general colouration; posterior abdominal tergites blackish; head dark reddish-brown, antennae yellowish-brown basally, brown distally; tibiae and tarsi yellow. Head rounded, glabrous, tumid; postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct, posterior margin straight in the middle. Eyes very small, essentially shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint shorter than distance between antennal bases. Pronotum transverse, almost parallel-sided, but lateral margins slightly curved, posterior angles rounded, and posterior margin straight; median longitudinal

524 furrow present, but short. Tegmina greatly rounded (Fig. 827), not of Doru-type; wings entirely absent. Legs short, first tarsal joint with numerous short fine hairs ventrally. Abdomen gradually widened posteriorly, tergites generally coriaceous, impunctate; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct. Ultimate tergite transverse, strongly depressed near posterior margin between bases of the forceps, the posterior margin slightly concave; on each side of the depression is a large tubercle. Pygidium of Doru-type, spine-like. Forceps (Fig. 828) trigonal basally, inner margin with a dorsal and ventral ridge; ventral ridge sharp, well defined, dentated, and gradually passing dorsally to meet the dorsal ridge about the midpoint of the branch; dorsal ridge rounded, and with small, isolated, blackish tubercles. Genitalia (Fig. 829) normally developed; central parameral plate comparatively short and narrow, virga within genital lobe short, broad, vesicle strongly curved; external parameres fully developed. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 15 mm. Distribution: Peru.

Fig. 827 Thoracal nota of Doru robustum BRINDLE.

Fig. 828 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Doru

Fig. 829 Holotype genital armature of Doru robustum

After BRINDLE.

robustum

BRINDLE. After BRINDLE.

BRINDLE. After

BRINDLE.

6.

Doru platensis

BORELLI

1912 Doruplatensis BORELLI, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. R. Univ., Torino, 27 (660); 2; fig. 1 (male ultimate tergite with forceps). - Terra typica: Argentina (Type male: Mus. 1st. Zool. sist. Univ., Torino). 1 9 1 2 Doruplatensis var. ciclolabia BORELLI, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. R . Univ., Torino, 2 7 ( 6 6 0 ) : 3 (La Plata). 1912 Doru platensis var. longipenrtis BORELLI, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. R. Univ., Torino, 27 (660): 3 (La Plata).

525 1971 Doruplatense - BRINDLE, Pap. Avulsos zool. S. Paulo, 23 (21): 194; fig. 3 (pronotum), 20 (male forceps), 29 (male genitalia). L i t e r a t u r e : HINCKS, 1 9 4 9 ; REICHARDT, 1971; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1982; STEINMANN, 1 9 7 9 .

Description: Male head, pronotum, tegmina and legs yellowish-red to brown; the head may be darker; pronotum usually with median black longitudinal stripe, but this may be indistinct or absent; tegmina with sutures darkened; abdomen very dark reddish-brown, ultimate tergite black; forceps very dark brown or black. Head somewhat longer than wide, frons tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct, posterior margin convex. Eyes typical, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint about as long as distance between antennal bases. Pronotum longer than wide, widened posteriorly; anterior margin transversely truncate, lateral margins straight, posterior angles rounded, posterior margin convex; median longitudinal furrow distinct. Tegmina rather longer than the pronotum; wings absent. Abdomen elongate, somewhat widened posteriorly; tergites coriaceous, slightly punctured on posterior segments; lateral glandular fold on tergite 3 smaller, those on tergite 4 larger. Ultimate tergite strongly transverse, depressed medially near posterior margin and with two smaller tubercles. Pygidium spatulate. Forceps (Fig. 830) long, more or less cylindrical, inner tooth about midpoint, inner margins dentated to tooth. Genitalia (Fig. 831) typical; central parameral plate comparatively narrow, virga within genital lobe short; external parameres moderately short and broad, strongly rounded on the outer margins. - Female similar to male, but ultimate tergite without tubercles, and forceps more or less straight, branches contiguous. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 15-24 mm. Distribution: Argentina.

Fig. 830 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Doru platensis BORELLI. After BORELLI.

Fig. 831 platensis

Apical end of male genitalia of Doru After BRINDLE.

BORELLI.

526 7.

Doru turbator

STEINMANN

1979 Doru turbator STEINMANN, Redia, Firenze, 62:201;fig.II/2 (male ultimate tergite with forceps), II/3 (female forceps), II/4 (genitalia of holotype). - Terra typica: Guyana (Type male, gen.prep. No. 629, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN: Zool. Mus. Univ. Florence). L i t e r a t u r e : SAKAI, 1 9 8 2 .

Description: Male body yellowish-brown; head light brown, shiny; first, second and third antennal joints brown, fourth-seventh and tenth-eleventh joints dark brown, eighth-ninth joints white; legs yellow. Head tumid, broad, depressed vertically; postfrontal and coronal sutures absent. Eyes normal, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae 11-jointed; first joint long, but somewhat shorter than the distance between antennal bases; second transverse, third long but shorter than scape. Pronotum longer than wide; lateral margins parallel, posterior margin convex; median longitudinal furrow not visible. Tegmina long, longer than the pronotum; wings well developed. Abdomen elongate, parallelsided; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 typical, prominent. Ultimate tergite broad, posterior margin with two small tubercles. Pygidium of Doru-type, spiniform, long, acute. Forceps (Fig. 832) arcuate, trigonal basally and medially, cylindrical apically; dorsal edge sharp, smooth, ventral edge serrated. Genitalia (Fig. 833) very specific; central parameral plate broad, somewhat resembling Catadermaptera-type, but genital lobe unpaired, short, virga within genital lobe very long; external parameres very short and broad. - Female similar to male, but

Fig. 832 Holotype ultimate tergite with forceps of Doru turbator STEINMANN. After STEINMANN.

Fig. 833 turbator

Holotype genital armature of Doru After STEINMANN.

STEINMANN.

527 forceps slender, straight; inner margin with typical serration. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 11.5-12 mm. Distribution: Guyana. 8. Doru unicolor

BRINDLE

1971 Doru unicolor BRINDLE, Pap. Avulsos zool. S. Paulo, 23 (21): 192; fig. 30 (male in dorsal view), 31 (basal antennal joints), 32 (genitalia of holotype). - Terra typica: Brazil (Type male: Mus. Zool., Sao Paulo). L i t e r a t u r e : REICHARDT, 1 9 7 1 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 7 9 .

Description: Male almost entirely dark reddish-brown, sometimes almost blackish-brown, shiny; pronotum yellowish laterally; tibiae lighter in colour than rest of legs. Head somewhat transverse, lateral margins curving medially, but posterior angles present, posterior margin more or less straight; occiput convex; postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct. Eyes small, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint well developed, about as long as distance between antennal bases, or sometimes a little longer. Pronotum quadrate or slightly transverse, and slightly widened posteriorly, lateral margins straight, posterior margin weakly convex. Tegmina and wings fully developed, long, unicolorous. Legs rather slender, femora not strongly widened. Abdomen parallel-sided; lateral glandular folds on third tergite small, those on tergite 4 large; tergites 7 - 9 punctured, rather rugose laterally. Ultimate tergite transverse, mainly smooth, but punctured along a longitudinal band ending in a swollen area above the base of each branch of the forceps; each swollen area forms two broad tubercles, the tubercles with one or more apices; between the swollen areas the tergite is depressed and flat. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 834) long, sinuous,

Fig. 834 BRINDLE.

Male forceps of Doru unicolor After BRINDLE.

Fig. 835 unicolor

Holotype genital armature of Doru After BRINDLE.

BRINDLE.

528 trigonal basally, dorsal surface with an oblique short crenulated ridge; inner margins dentated for basal third; distal two-thirds of branch cylindrical, with isolated small teeth ventrally, and with one larger tooth directed ventro-medially. Pygidium with a short transverse, base, the spine long and narrow. Genitalia (Fig. 835) moderately short and broad; central parameral plate narrowed basally, virga within genital lobe very short, basal vesicle large, and strongly sclerotized; external parameres normally developed. - Female similar to male, but ultimate tergite narrower, both branches of forceps slender, slightly curved, contiguous. - Length of body with forceps, male: 14-15 mm, female: 12 mm. Distribution: Brazil and Venezuela. 9.

Doru beybienkoi

STEINMANN

1979 Doru beybienkoi STEINMANN, Folia ent. hung., 32:170; fig. 41 (head, pronotum, and tegmina), 42 (male ultimate tergite with forceps), 43 (genitalia of holotype). - Terra typica: Venezuela (Type male, gen.prep. No. 360, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN: Instytut Zoologiczny, Warszawa). Literature: SAKAI, 1982.

Description: Male general colour dark brown, nearly black. Head a little longer than wide, somewhat flattened; postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct, posterior margin straight in the middle. Eyes small, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint somewhat shorter than distance between

Fig. 836 Holotype ultimate tergite with forceps of Doru beybienkoi STEINMANN. After STEINMANN.

Fig. 837 Holotype genital armature of Doru beybienkoi STEINMANN. After STEINMANN.

529 antennal bases. Pronotum quadratic, about as long as wide, lateral margins parallel, posterior margin weakly convex. Tegmina well developed, about twice as long as wide; wings absent. Abdomen very weakly punctate with a greasy sheen; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct. Ultimate tergite wide and long, posterior margin slightly longer than anterior margin, thus tergite widening posteriorad; dorsal surface with two large pegs near posterior margin. Pygidium wide at base, with median projecting peg slightly impressed. Forceps (Fig. 836) robust, wide, visibly bent medially, inner margin with a quite discernible tooth in apical third. Genitalia (Fig. 837) wide and short; anterior margin of unpaired genital lobe transversely truncate, lobe at rest projecting beyond median line of external parameres; the latter relatively narrow, apices nearly meeting. Basal vesicle of virga hightly characteristic: not a rapidly expanding, but a gradually widened sac. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 16-19 mm. Distribution: Venezuela. lO.Doru lineare

(ESCHSCHOLTZ)

1822 Forfícula linearis ESCHSCHOLTZ, Entomographien, 1:81. - T e r r a typica: Brazil (Type unknown). 1839 Forfícula suturalis SERVILLE, Hist. nat. Ins. Orth., Paris: 40. - Terra typica: Brazil (Type male: Mus. nation. Hist, nat., Paris). 1 9 0 0 Forfícula linearis - BORMANS & KRAUSS, Das Tierreich, Berlin, 11: 1 1 0 [incorrect synonymy with taeniatum (DOHRN, 1862)]. 1900 Apterygida suturalis - BORMANS & KRAUSS, Das Tierreich, Berlin, 11: 116. 1901 Apterygida linearis - REHN, Trans. Am. ent. Soc., 27: 219. 1907 Doru lineare - BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. London, 1907: 123. 1911 Doru lineare - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 79; pi. 8, fig. 6 (male in dorsal view), pi. 9, fig. 8 (male ultimate tergite with forceps) (South and Central America, Mexico, southern United States). 1911 Forfícula suturalis - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 79 [proposed synonymy with lineare (ESCHSCHOLTZ, 1 8 2 2 ) ] . 1912 Doru lineare var. luteipennis BURR, Annln naturh. Mus., Wien, 26: 99 (Brazil). 1912 Doru lineare var. californica ( D O H R N ) , - BURR, Annln naturh. Mus., Wien 2 6 : 99 (Brazil). 1916 Doru lineare - BURR, J1R. microsc. Soc., 1916: 13; pi. 3, fig. 2 (male genitalia). 1981 Doru lineare - STEINMANN, Atti Soc. ital. Sci. nat. Mus. civ. Stor. nat. Milano, 122 (3-4): 167; fig. 17 (male genitalia, gen. prep. No. 610, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) (Argentina). Literature:

BOESEMAN,

1954;

BRINDLE,

1965,

1971;

MOREIRA,

1930;

REHN &

HEBARD,

1917;

REICHARDT, 1 9 7 1 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 7 9 , 1 9 8 9 .

Description: Male head and pronotum reddish-brown, sides of pronotum yellow; antennae brown; tegmina and wings yellow, sutures and lateral margins reddish-brown; abdomen reddish or darker; legs yellow. Head rounded, somewhat flattened, frons with two small impressions between the eyes; postfrontal and coronal sutures absent, posterior margin convex. Eyes small, typical, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae 12-jointed; first joint well developed, about as long as distance between antennal bases; second transverse, the rest cylindrical. Pronotum small, strongly convex on posterior margin; lateral margins more or less straight and parallel; median longitudinal furrow indistinct. Tegmina fully developed, wings short. Abdomen elongated,

530 more or less parallel-sided or somewhat widened posteriorly; tergites very faintly punctured and shiny; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct, large. Ultimate tergite large, transverse, depressed medially near posterior margin, and the plate with four or more very small tubercles laterally. Pygidium spiniform, typical. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 838) of Doru-type, curved on the basal thirds, inner margins with very small tubercles, and with a further tooth apically. Genitalia (Fig. 839) typical; central parameral plate narrow and comparatively short, virga within genital lobe short, the basal vesicle straight and strongly sclerotized; external parameres as in Fig. 839. - Female very similar to male, but ultimate tergite smooth, and forceps (Fig. 840) straight, simple, contiguous. Length of body with forceps, male: 14-18 mm, female: 12-16 mm. Distribution: South and Central America, southern United States, and Cuba.

Fig. 838 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Doru

Fig. 839 Apical end of male genitalia of Doru

Fig. 840 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Doru

lineare

lineare

lineare

(ESCHSCHOLTZ).

Original.

(ESCHSCHOLTZ).

11.

Doru taeniatum

(ESCHSCHOLTZ).

Original.

A f t e r BURR.

(DOHRN)

1862 Forficula taeniata DOHRN, Stettiner ent. Ztg, 23: 230. - Terra typica: Mexico (Type male: BRUNNER'S C o l l e c t i o n ) .

1865 Forficula californica DOHRN, Stettiner ent. Ztg, 25: 85. - Terra typica: California (Type male: Naturhist. Mus., Wien). 1876 Forficula exilis SCUDDER, Proc. Boston Soc. nat. Hist., 18: 262. - Terra typica: Texas (Type male: unknown locality). 1893 Sphingolabis californica - BORMANS, Biol. Centr. - Amer. Orth.: 12, pi. 2, fig. 20 (male in dorsal view). 1 9 0 0 Apterygida taeniata - BORMANS & KRAUSS, Das Tierreich, Berlin, 11: 1 1 0 . 1 9 0 0 Apterygida exilis - BORMANS & KRAUSS, Das Tierreich, Berlin, 11: 1 1 1 ; fig.40 (male in dorsal view).

531 1900 Apterygida californica - BORMANS & KRAUSS, Das Tierreich, Berlin, 11: 111. 1911 Forficula taeniata - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 79 [incorrect synonymy with lineare (ESCHSCHOLTZ, 1822)]. 1971 Doru taeniatum - BRINDLE, Pap. Avulsos zool. S. Paulo, 23 (21): 191; fig. 10 (pronotum), 14 (male forceps), 21 (male genitalia), 31 (head) (Bolivia, Colombia, Venezuela, Surinam, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Honduras, EL Salvador, Mexico, California, Texas, Florida). 1981 Doru taeniatum - STEINMANN, Atti Soc. ital. Sci. nat. Museo civ. Stor. nat. Milano, 122 (3-4): 166; fig. 16 (male genitalia, gen. prep. No. 595, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) (Haiti). Literature: BORELLI, 1 9 0 3 ; GURNEY, 1 9 5 0 ; HEBARD, 1943; KIRBY, 1 9 0 4 ; REICHHARDT, 1 9 7 1 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 7 9 , 1 9 8 9 .

Description: Male very similar to lineare (ESCHSCHOLTZ); head and pronotum black, but lateral margins of pronotum yellow; tegmina and wings yellow, sutures and lateral margins black; abdomen black or almost so; legs yellow. Head rounded, frons faintly tumid; postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct, posterior margin concave in the middle. Eyes typical, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint normally developed, about as long as distance between antennal bases. Pronotum transverse, large; anterior margin transversely truncate, lateral margins straight and parallel, posterior margin convex; median longitudinal furrow indistinct. Tegmina and wings always fully developed. Abdomen elongated, more or less parallel-sided or sometimes a little widened posteriorly; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 prominent. Ultimate tergite with abdominal tergites strongly punctured; last tergite transverse, simple, depressed medially near posterior margin. Pygidium of Doru-type, spiniform. Forceps (Fig. 841) long, more or less cylindrical in cross-section, inner margins without smaller tubercles or teeth, but with a medium-size tooth apically. Genitalia (Fig. 842) simple; central parameral plate comparatively

Fig. 841

Male forceps of Doru taeniatum

(DOHRN). A f t e r STEINMANN.

Fig. 842

Male genitalia of Doru taeniatum

(DOHRN). A f t e r STEINMANN.

532 broad, virga within genital lobe very short, external parameres normally developed. - Female similar to male, but forceps straight, simple, contiguous. Length of body with forceps, male: 16-19 mm, female: 13-16 mm. Distribution: Western part of South America through Central America to the southern part of Northern America. 12. Doru aculeatum

(SCUDDER)

1876 Forficula aculeata SCUDDER, Proc. Boston Soc. nat. Hist., 18: 262. - Terra typica: South Michigan (Type male: SCUDDER'S Collection). 1900 Forficula aculeata - BORMANS & KRAUSS, Das Tierreich, Berlin, 11: 118 [incorrect synonymy with luteipennis (SERVILLE, 1839)]. 1910 Forficula aculeata - BURR, Proc. U.S. natn. Mus., 38: 464 [incorrect synonymy with lineare (ESCHSCHOLTZ, 1822)].

1914 Doru aculeatum - REHN & HEBARD, Bull. Am. Mus. nat. Hist., 37: 93. 1914 Doru dovisi REHN & HEBARD, Bull. Am. Mus. nat. Hist., 37: 95. - Terra typica: Florida (Type male: HEBARD'S Collection). - syn. n. 1971 Doru aculeatum - BRINDLE, Pap. Avulsos zool. S. Paulo, 23 (21): 187; fig. 8 (pronotum) (Michigan, Illinois, New York, Nebraska, Indiana, Kentucky, Pennsylvania, Georgia, Alabama). Literature: BLATCHLEY, 1 9 2 0 ; BURR, 1 9 1 1 ; GURNEY, 1 9 5 0 ; HEBARD, 1 9 3 4 , 1 9 4 3 ; MOREIRA, 1 9 3 0 ; REICHARDT, 1 9 7 1 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 .

Description: Male head dark brown; antennae with scape brownish, lighter or darker; lateral margins of pronotum, legs, and lateral portions of tegmina yellow, median part of pronotum, humeral margins of tegmina, dark; abdomen with forceps dard reddish-brown. Head somewhat longer than broad, flattened, postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct, posterior margin of head concave in

Fig. 843 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Doru aculeatum (SCUDDER). Original.

533 the middle. Eyes small, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint long, about as long as distance between antennal bases or sometimes longer. Pronotum more or less as long as wide, or slightly longer; lateral margins straight and parallel, posterior margin convex; median longitudinal furrow indistinct. Tegmina comparatively short, wings absent or concealed. Abdomen of Doru-type, faintly widened posteriorly; lateral glandular fold on tergite 3 smaller, those on tergite 4 larger. Ultimate tergite transverse, depressed medially near posterior margin. Pygidium spiniform, elongate. Forceps (Fig. 843) typical, curved basally, straight medially, and incurved apically; branches trigonal in cross-section basally, cylindrical medially and apically; inner margins with a smaller tooth apically. - Female very similar to male, but forceps shorter, straight, tapering, and contiguous. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 11-17 mm. Distribution: Western and southern United States. 13. Doru cincinnatoi

MACH ADO

1967 Doru cincinnatoi MACHADO, Actas Soc. Biol. Rio de Janeiro, 11 (3): 129; fig. 1 (male in dorsal view), 2 (male forceps), 3 (genitalia of holotype). - Terra typica: Brazil (Type male: Inst. Biol. Def. agr., Rio de Janeiro). L i t e r a t u r e : BRINDLE, 1 9 7 1 ; REICHHARDT, 1 9 7 1 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 7 9 , 1 9 8 9 .

Description: Male head, median part of pronotum, abdominal tergites and forceps dark reddish-brown; lateral margins of pronotum, tegmina partially, wings, and legs yellowish-brown. Head rounded, somewhat flattened, postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct, posterior margin of head somewhat concave in the middle. Eyes small, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint normally developed, about as long as distance between antennal bases. Pronotum quadrate, widening posteriorly, posterior margin convex; median longitudinal furrow indistinct. Tegmina long, wings short, extending only slightly beyond second abdominal tergite. Abdomen slender, elongated, faintly widened posteriorly; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct. Ultimate tergite transverse, depressed medially near posterior margin. Pygidium spiniform. Forceps similar to gracilis (BURMEISTER) (as in Fig. 846); long, rather sigmoid in shape; inner margins with a faint crenulation basally and a smaller tooth apically. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 18 mm. Distribution: Brazil. 14. Doru Iuteipes (SCUDDER) 1876 Forficula Iuteipes SCUDDER, Proc. Boston Soc. nat. Hist., 18: 255. - Terra typica: Brazil (Type female: unknown locality). 1900 Forficula Iuteipes - BORMANS & KRAUSS, Das Tierreich, Berlin, 11: 111 [incorrect synonymy w i t h taeniatum

(DOHRN, 1862)].

534 1911 Doru luteipes - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 79 [incorrect synonymy with lineare (ESCHSCHOLTZ, 1822)].

1971 Doru luteipes-BRINDLE, Pap. Avulsos zool. S. Paulo, 23 (21): 191; fig. 9 (pronotum), 11 (male forceps), 19 (asymmetrical male forceps), 27 (external paramere of male genitalia) (Brazil, Argentina, Peru, Colombia, and Surinam). Literature: BRINDLE, 1 9 6 5 ; MOREIRA, 1 9 3 0 ; REICHARDT, 1 9 7 1 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; STEINMANN, 1979, 1989.

Description: Male head, median part of pronotum blackish; lateral margins of pronotum yellowish; tegmina and wings yellow with sutures and lateral margins black; abdomen blackish or almost so. Head rounded and somewhat flattened, postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct, posterior margin more or less straight in the middle. Eyes typical, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint about as long as distance between antennal bases. Pronotum quadrate, anterior margin transversely truncate, lateral margins more or less straight and parallel, posterior margin convex; median longitudinal furrow present. Tegmina normally developed, wings present and visible or absent, sometimes concealed. Abdomen more or less parallel-sided, tergites faintly punctured; lateral glandular fold on tergite 3 smaller, those on tergite 4 larger. Ultimate tergite transverse, depressed medially near posterior margin and with two smaller tubercles. Pygidium spiniform. Forceps (Fig. 844) somewhat depressed basally, cylindrical in cross-section medially and apically; branches straight basally and regularly curved apically; inner margin with a large, trigonal tooth near pygidium. Genitalia (Fig. 845) with narrow central parameral plate, virga short, typical, external parameres as in Fig. 845. - Female very similar to male in external characteristics, but forceps shorter, straight, simple. - Length of body with forceps, male: 14-18 mm, female: 12-15 mm. Distribution: Colombia, Surinam, Brazil, Peru and Bolivia.

Fig. 844

Male forceps of Doru luteipes

(SCUDDER). A f t e r STEINMANN.

Fig. 845 luteipes

Apical end of male genitalia of Doru (SCUDDER). A f t e r BRINDLE.

535 15.Doru gracilis (BURMEISTER) 1838 Forficula gracilis BURMEISTER, H a n d b . Ent.: 755. - Terra typica: Brazil, (Type unknown). 1839 Forficula luteipennis SERVILLE, Hist. nat. Ins. Orth., Paris: 46. - Terra typica: Brazil (Type female: Mus. nation. Hist, nat., Paris). 1860 Forficula dichroa STAL, Eugenies Resa Ins.: 301. - Terra typica: Brazil (Type male: Naturhist. Riksmus., Stockholm). 1876 Forficula vellicans SCUDDER, Proc. Boston Soc. nat. Hist., 18: 254. - Terra typica: Brazil (Type female: unknown locality). 1900 Forficula gracilis - BORMANS & KRAUSS, Das Tierreich, Berlin, 11: 118 (incorrect synonymy w i t h luteipennis

SERVILLE, 1 8 3 9 ) .

1910 Forficula gracilis - BURR, Proc. U.S natn. Mus., 38: 464 (incorrect synonymy with lineare (ESCHSCHOLTZ, 1 8 2 2 ) ) .

1911 Forficula gracilis - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 79 (incorrect synonymy with luteipes

(SCUDDER, 1 8 7 6 ) ) .

1971 Doru gracilis - BRINDLE, Pap. Avulsos zool. S. Paulo, 23 (21): 187; fig. 5 (pronotum), 13 (male forceps), 26 (male genitalia) (Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, Venezuela). L i t e r a t u r e : KIRBY, 1 9 0 4 ; MOREIRA, 1 9 3 0 ; REICHHARDT, 1 9 7 1 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 7 9 .

Description: Male head, pronotum and tegmina yellow or yellowish-brown, pronotum sometimes darker; tegmina darker or sometimes darkened slightly along sutures; legs yellow; abdomen with forceps dark reddish-brown. Head broad, somewhat flattened, postfrontal sutures and coronal suture indistinct, posterior margin of head convex. Eyes typical, shorter than the distance between antennal bases. Pronotum usually widened posteriorly; anterior margin transversely truncate, lateral margins straight, posterior margin convex; median longitudinal furrow present. Tegmina normally developed, wings absent or sometimes concealed. Abdomen more or less parallel laterally in superior view; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct. Ultimate tergite strongly transverse, depressed medially near posterior margin, and the plate with two smaller or larger tubercles laterally. Pygidium spiniform. Forceps (Fig. 846) typical; branches somewhat trigonal in cross-section basally, cylindrical medially

Fig. 846

Male forceps of Doru gracilis

(BURMEISTER). A f t e r BRINDLE.

Fig. 847 Apical end of male genitalia of Doru gracilis (BURMEISTER). After BRINDLE.

536 and apically; inner margins with a smaller tooth on apical half. Genitalia (Fig. 847) typical, simple; central parameral plate narrow and short, virga within genital lobe short, external parameres as in Fig. 847. - Female similar to male, but pronotum and tegmina sometimes uniformly yellow or yellowish; forceps simple, tapering, straight. - Length of body with forceps, male: 15-21 mm, female: 13-18 mm. Distribution: Colombia, Venezuela, Bolivia, and Brazil. Genus 59: Elaunon

BURR

1907 Elaunon BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. London, 1907: 123. - Species typica: Sphingolabis bipartita KIRBY, 1891 (for subfamily Eparchinae). 1910 Elaunon - BURR, Fauna Brit. India, Dermaptera: 163 (transference to subfamily Forficulinae). L i t e r a t u r e : BURR, 1 9 1 1 ; KAPOOR, 1 9 6 7 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 9 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; SHIRAKI, 1 9 2 8 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 7 5 , 1 9 8 9 ; TILLYARD, 1 9 2 6 ; TOWNES, 1 9 4 5 .

Description: Body depressed, abdomen parallel-sided; fourth antennal joint transverse (after BURR); tarsi short, first joint rather broad, but somewhat longer than third. Tegmina and wings well developed. Male forceps slender, somewhat dilated basally, straight medially and curved apically. Female forceps simple, straight, contiguous. Distribution: Oriental and Indo-Australian regions. 1 species (and 1 species in doubtful position). 1. Elaunon bipartitus (KIRBY) 1891 Sphingolabis bipartita KIRBY, J. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., 23: 526. - Terra typica: India (Type male: Brit. Mus. Nat. Hist., London). 1900 Apterygida bipartita - BORMANS & KRAUSS, Das Tierreich, Berlin, 11: 112. 1907 Elaunon bipartitus - BURR, Trans ent. Soc. London, 1907: 123. 1910 Elaunon bipartitus - BURR, Fauna Brit. India, Dermaptera, 163; fig. 53 (male in dorsal view) (Madras, Ceylon). 1926 Elaunon bipartitus -SHIRAKI, Inscecta matsum., 3(1): 20 (Formosa, Ceylon, India, Australia). 1929 Elaunon bipartitus - GUNTHER, Mitt. zool. Mus. Berl., 15 (1): 78; fig. 5 (male abdominal end with forceps) (New Guinea). 1976 Elaunon bipartitus - SRIVASTAVA, Misc. Publ. Occ. Calcutta, 2: 60 (India, Ceylon, Vietnam, West Flores, Philippines, Formosa, New Guinea, and Australia). L i t e r a t u r e : BRINDLE, 1 9 7 1 ; KAPOOR, 1 9 6 7 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 .

Description: Male head deep orange, pronotum yellowish, with sides paler; tegmina bright straw-yellow, wings clear yellow, legs yellowish; abdomen with forceps brownish-red. Head large, smooth, tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures faintly visible, posterior margin emarginate in the middle. Eyes small, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae 12-jointed; first joint comparatively small, shorter than distance between antennal bases; second transverse, third somewhat longer than fourth, the rest cylindrical. Pronotum about as long as wide; truncate anteriorly, rounded posteriorly, sides parallel, rather flattened; median longitudinal furrow distinct. Tegmina long, narrow,

536 and apically; inner margins with a smaller tooth on apical half. Genitalia (Fig. 847) typical, simple; central parameral plate narrow and short, virga within genital lobe short, external parameres as in Fig. 847. - Female similar to male, but pronotum and tegmina sometimes uniformly yellow or yellowish; forceps simple, tapering, straight. - Length of body with forceps, male: 15-21 mm, female: 13-18 mm. Distribution: Colombia, Venezuela, Bolivia, and Brazil. Genus 59: Elaunon

BURR

1907 Elaunon BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. London, 1907: 123. - Species typica: Sphingolabis bipartita KIRBY, 1891 (for subfamily Eparchinae). 1910 Elaunon - BURR, Fauna Brit. India, Dermaptera: 163 (transference to subfamily Forficulinae). L i t e r a t u r e : BURR, 1 9 1 1 ; KAPOOR, 1 9 6 7 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 9 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; SHIRAKI, 1 9 2 8 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 7 5 , 1 9 8 9 ; TILLYARD, 1 9 2 6 ; TOWNES, 1 9 4 5 .

Description: Body depressed, abdomen parallel-sided; fourth antennal joint transverse (after BURR); tarsi short, first joint rather broad, but somewhat longer than third. Tegmina and wings well developed. Male forceps slender, somewhat dilated basally, straight medially and curved apically. Female forceps simple, straight, contiguous. Distribution: Oriental and Indo-Australian regions. 1 species (and 1 species in doubtful position). 1. Elaunon bipartitus (KIRBY) 1891 Sphingolabis bipartita KIRBY, J. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., 23: 526. - Terra typica: India (Type male: Brit. Mus. Nat. Hist., London). 1900 Apterygida bipartita - BORMANS & KRAUSS, Das Tierreich, Berlin, 11: 112. 1907 Elaunon bipartitus - BURR, Trans ent. Soc. London, 1907: 123. 1910 Elaunon bipartitus - BURR, Fauna Brit. India, Dermaptera, 163; fig. 53 (male in dorsal view) (Madras, Ceylon). 1926 Elaunon bipartitus -SHIRAKI, Inscecta matsum., 3(1): 20 (Formosa, Ceylon, India, Australia). 1929 Elaunon bipartitus - GUNTHER, Mitt. zool. Mus. Berl., 15 (1): 78; fig. 5 (male abdominal end with forceps) (New Guinea). 1976 Elaunon bipartitus - SRIVASTAVA, Misc. Publ. Occ. Calcutta, 2: 60 (India, Ceylon, Vietnam, West Flores, Philippines, Formosa, New Guinea, and Australia). L i t e r a t u r e : BRINDLE, 1 9 7 1 ; KAPOOR, 1 9 6 7 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 .

Description: Male head deep orange, pronotum yellowish, with sides paler; tegmina bright straw-yellow, wings clear yellow, legs yellowish; abdomen with forceps brownish-red. Head large, smooth, tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures faintly visible, posterior margin emarginate in the middle. Eyes small, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae 12-jointed; first joint comparatively small, shorter than distance between antennal bases; second transverse, third somewhat longer than fourth, the rest cylindrical. Pronotum about as long as wide; truncate anteriorly, rounded posteriorly, sides parallel, rather flattened; median longitudinal furrow distinct. Tegmina long, narrow,

537 smooth, with a narrow indistinct fuscous band down the suture and costal margin. Wings normally developed. Abdomen parallel-sided, elongate; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct and darker; cuticle finely and densely punctulate. Ultimate tergite rectangular, transverse, punctulate; posterior margin trisinuate, depressed in the middle near posterior margin. Pygidium short, blunt. Forceps (Fig. 848) with branches depressed, elongate, nearly straight, the inner margins near thee base dilated to form a broad, tooth-like triangular projection, the point of which is sometimes acute, sometimes blunt or truncate; beyond this projection very slender and elongate, almost straight, gently hooked at the apex. Genitalia (Fig. 849, gen. prep. No. 292, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN from Australia: Queensland) characteristic; central parameral plate moderately large and oval, virga within genital lobe long, basal vesicle small; external parameres comparatively narrow, elongate and well developed. Female very similar to male, but forceps (Fig. 850) short, simple, straight, contiguous. - Length of body with forceps, male: 11-17 mm, female: 9 - 1 4 mm. Distribution: Oriental and Indo-Australian regions.

Fig. 848 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Elaunoti bipartitus (KIRBY). Original.

Fig. 849 Male genital armature of Elaunon bipartitus (KIRBY). Original.

Fig. 850 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Elaunon bipartitus (KIRBY). Original.

538 Doubtful position ? Elaunon gangoli

GANGOLA

1965 Elatmon gangoli GANGOLA, Entomologist, London, 98:231; fig. 12 (basal joints of antenna), 13 (head, and pronotum), 14 (thoracal nota), 15 (pygidium), 16 (holotype ultimate tergite with forceps). - Terra typica: India (Type male (?): GANGOLA'S Collection). Literature: SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1982; SRIVASTAVA, 1976.

Description: [this species is unknown to me, I think it might be the female of bipartitus (KIRBY)]. Original description: "Male upper half except head and appendages bright shining yellow, under surface smooth; red in colour shaded with black and tumid head, occiput bulb-like and shining, sutures faint. Neck long and prominent. Pronotum yellow, sides parallel, rounded anteriorly in middle, posterior end with a triangular appearance but convex, slightly broader than long. Elytra quite long and parallel sided, hairy at base, bright yellow with a clear fuscous band down the suture and costal margin. Wings very long, shining yellow. Abdomen parallel-sided, comparatively short, red in middle and black on sides, lateral tubercles dull black, well developed, tiny on the sides, last dorsal segment rectangular, transverse, not depressed in middle, short, black, well developed, tiny on the sides, last dorsal segment rectangular, transverse, not depressed in middle, short, black tumid elevations on each side over the roots of forceps. Pygidium short, convex apically, sides concave, broad at base. Forceps (Fig. 851) stout with inner margins smooth, narrower towards apices, apices smooth, turning inwards almost at right angles facing each other, not much depressed, the dilated portion of base forming blunt indistinguishable projections facing each other on inner sides." - Length of body with forceps: 12 mm. Distribution: India.

Fig. 851 Holotype ultimate tergite with forceps of ? Elaunon gangoli GANGOLA. After GANGOLA.

539 Genus 60: Apterygida 1840 Apterygida pedestris

WESTWOOD

WESTWOOD, Introd. Classif. Ins., 2, Gen. Syn.: 44. - Species typica: Forficula

BORELLI, 1 8 3 2 .

1891 Apterygida - KIRBY, J. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., 23: 530 (type: Forficula albipennis MEGERLE, 1825).

1900 Apterygida - BORMANS & KRAUSS, Das Tierreich, Berlin, 11: 109 (key to species). 1902 Apterygidini VERHOEFF, Zool. Anz., Leipzig, 25 (665): 196. 1903 Apterygida - REHN, Proc. Acad. nat. Sci. Philad., 55: 310. Literature: BEY-BIENKO, 1 9 3 6 ; BAZYLUK, 1 9 5 6 ; B E E R , 1 9 5 9 ; BORELLI, 1909; BORG, 1 9 0 4 ; BURR, 1 9 0 7 , 1 9 0 9 , 1 9 1 1 , 1 9 1 2 ; CHOPARD, 1 9 2 2 ; KIRBY, 1 9 0 4 ; MACCAGNO, 1 9 3 3 ; POPHAM, 1 9 6 5 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 9 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 7 4 , 1 9 8 9 ; TOWNES, 1 9 4 5 ; ZACHER, 1 9 1 7 .

Description: Very similar to species of Forficula LINNAEUS, but male forceps not dilated basally; remote and slender. Tegmina comparatively short, the wings generally abbreviated, concealed or absent. Distribution: Palaearctic region and Taiwan. 3 species. Identification key to the species European species. Male pygidium large, depressed, convex laterally, posterior margin more or less straight or faintly concave (Fig. 852); inner margins of male forceps with smaller or larger median tooth Apterygida media, p. 539 1' Taiwan species. Male pygidium strongly transverse; inner margin of male forceps without median tooth 2 2 Basal portion of male forceps with broadly rounded ventral lobe (Fig. 855) 2. Apterygida tuberculosa, p. 541 2' Basal portion of male forceps with a very narrow ventral edge (Fig. 856) 3. Apterygida tumida, p. 541 1

1. Apterygida media (HAGENBACH) 1822 Forficula media HAGENBACH, Symbol, faun. Ins. Helvet., 1:16; pi. 4, fig. 7 (male in dorsal view), 8 (female in dorsal view). - Terra typica: Suisse (Type male: unknown locality). 1825 Forficula albipennis MEGERLE, in CHARPENTIER, Horae Ent.: 68. - Terra typica and type unknown. 1835 Chelidura albipennis - STEPHENS, 111. Brit. Ent.: 6; pi. 28, fig. 5 (male in dorsal view). 1832 Forficula pedestris BORELLI, in GENÉ, Annali Sci. nat. Regn. Lomb. Venet., 6 : 1 3 . - T e r r a typica and type unknown. 1840 Apterygida pedestris - WESTWOOD, Introd. Classif. Ins., 2, Gen. Syn.: 44. 1846 Forficula curta FISCHER, Orth. Ross.: 49. - Terra typica and type unknown. 1859 Forficula freyi DOHRN, Stettiner ent. Ztg., 20: 106. - Terra typica and type unknown. 1900 Apterygida media - BORMANS & KRAUSS, Das Tierreich, Berlin, 11: 117 (from England to Andalusia, Greece). 1974 Apterygida media - STEINMANN, Fauna Hung., 118: 34; fig. 23A (male forceps), 23B (male genitalia), 23C (pronotum, and tegmina), 23D (female forceps). Literature: BEY-BIENKO, 1 9 3 6 ; BOESEMAN, 1 9 5 4 ; BURR, 1 9 1 1 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 9 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 8 3 , 1 9 8 9 .

Description: Male general colour light brownish-yellow; antennae, legs, median part of pronotum, light brown; lateral portion of anterior abdominal tergites shaded with reddish-brown. Cuticle faintly punctured, abdominal

540 tergites with deeply punctures. Head comparatively large, tumid, postfrontal sutures and coronal suture indistinct; posterior margin of head convex. Eyes small, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae 12-jointed; first joint well developed, strongly narrowed basally, and widened apically, and shorter than the distance between antennal bases; second quadrate, or sometimes a little longer than wide, third about as long as fourth, the rest somewhat subcylindrical or subconical. Pronotum somewhat transverse, truncate anteriorly, lateral margins more or less straight, sides widened posteriorly, posterior angles and margin rounded; median longitudinal furrow distinct. Tegmina short, simple; wings absent or concealed. Abdomen faintly dilated medially; lateral glandular folds on tergite 3 very small, indistinct, those on tergite 4 large, normally developed. Ultimate tergite transverse, simple, smooth, posterior margin trisinuate. Pygidium large, flattened, lateral margins convex, posterior margin more or less straight or faintly concave; the plate directed somewhat upwards. Forceps (Fig. 852) with branches arcuate; cylindrical in cross-section, inner margins with smaller, sometimes bifurcated tubercles near pygidium, and a further tooth medially. Genitalia (Fig. 853) comparatively small; central parameral plate short and narrow, virga within genital lobe long, with sclerotized basal vesicle; external parameres normally developed. - Female very similar to male, but forceps (Fig. 854) simple, straight, somewhat flattened. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 9 - 1 3 mm. Distribution: From South Sweden to Spain; Greece, Yugoslavia, Hungary, Austria, Switzerland, Germany, Belgium, Holland.

Fig. 852 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Apterygida media (HAGENBACH). Original.

Fig. 853 Male genital armature of Apterygida media (HAGENBACH). After STEINMANN.

Fig. 854 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Apterygida media (HAGENBACH). Original.

541 2.

Apterygida tuberculosa

SHIRAKI

1928 Apterygida tuberculosa SHIRAKI, Insecta matsum., 3 (1): 18; fig. 6a (pronotum and tegmina), 6b (male ultimate tergite with forceps). - Terra typica: Formosa (Type unknown). Literature: S A K A I , 1973, 1982; SRIVASTAVA, 1976!

Description: Male head yellowish-brown; antennae and legs light brown, tegmina, abdominal tergites and forceps brown. Head comparatively large, somewhat wider than pronotum, postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct, posterior margin convex. Eyes small, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae 12-jointed; first joint conical, small, shorter than distance between antennal bases. Pronotum longer than wide, anterior margin more or less straight, lateral margins parallel, posterior margin somewhat angular; median longitudinal furrow distinct. Tegmina very short, about as long as pronotum; wings absent. Abdomen parallel-sided; lateral glandular folds present on tergites 3 - 4 . Ultimate tergite transverse, smooth, depressed medially near posterior margin, the plate with two small but acute tubercles near median depression. Pygidium transverse, posterior margin ornamented with two lateral and a median lobe. Forceps (Fig. 855) characteristic; branches strongly dilated basally to form a broadly rounded ventral lobe; median part of forceps straight and slender, cylindrical, and branches incurved apically. - Female unknown. Length of body with forceps: 13-15 mm. Distribution: Taiwan.

Fig. 855 Holotype ultimate tergite with forceps of Apterygida tuberculosa SHIRAKI. After SHIRAKI.

3. Apterygida tumida

SHIRAKI

1928 Apterygida tumida SHIRAKI, Insecta matsum., 3 (1): 19; fig. 6c (male ultimate tergite with forceps). - Terra typica: Formosa (Type male: unknown locality). Literature: S A K A I , 1973, 1982; SRIVASTAVA, 1976.

Original description: "Sehr nahe tuberculosa m., verwandt; die Unterschiede von letzterer sind: Schwärzlich, mit stark verkümmertem Hinterleib. Das

542 letzte Tergit sehr kurz, die Höcker sehr niedrig und so undeutlich, daß man gut "fast unbewehrt" sagen kann. Zangenarme (Fig. 856) kurz, von der Basis bis zur Spitze fast cylindrisch, nahe der Basis des Innenrandes ein sehr kleines Dörnchen; Weibchen kürzer als beim Männchen, etwas zusammengedrückt, ohne Dörnchen. Pygidium sehr kurz, hinten deutlich verengt, am Ende ein wenig eingebogen, mit 3 sehr kleinen Höckerchen; beim Weibchen einfach und schmäler. Länge (mit Zangenarme 1,5$ - 2,5 c? mm): 9 mm and $)." Distribution: Taiwan.

Genus 61: Afroforficula, gen. nov. Species typica: Mesochelidura kaffir BURR, 1911.

Description: Body convex; general colour dark yellowish-brown. Head smooth, tumid; postfrontal sutures fairly distinct or sometimes indistinct. Tegmina rudimentary, and represented by lateral flaps, as in species Chelidura in the subfamily Anechurinae. Male pygidium prominent, generally broad, transverse or quadrate; male forceps with branches arcuate, not of Forficula-type, but with or without flattened section basally. Distribution: South Africa. 4 species. Identification key to the species 1

Male pygidium with caudal margin concave mesad, flanked by a triangular projection on each side (Fig. 857); male forceps simple beyond basal triangular lamellation 1. Afroforficula kaffir, p. 543 1' Male pygidium rounded posteriorly or with a median projection 2 2 Male pygidium broadly rounded posteriorly (Fig. 858); male forceps elongate, inner margins with a double tubercle near pygidium 2. Afroforficula nigerrima, p. 544 2' Male pygidium with a median projection 3 3 Male forceps with triangular proximal tooth-like lamellation and an inner tooth approximately in middle; Pygidium (Fig. 861 ) convex caudad, terminating in a conical projection; tubercles on ultimate tergite, near posterior margin, small 3. Afroforficula capeneri, p. 545

542 letzte Tergit sehr kurz, die Höcker sehr niedrig und so undeutlich, daß man gut "fast unbewehrt" sagen kann. Zangenarme (Fig. 856) kurz, von der Basis bis zur Spitze fast cylindrisch, nahe der Basis des Innenrandes ein sehr kleines Dörnchen; Weibchen kürzer als beim Männchen, etwas zusammengedrückt, ohne Dörnchen. Pygidium sehr kurz, hinten deutlich verengt, am Ende ein wenig eingebogen, mit 3 sehr kleinen Höckerchen; beim Weibchen einfach und schmäler. Länge (mit Zangenarme 1,5$ - 2,5 c? mm): 9 mm and $)." Distribution: Taiwan.

Genus 61: Afroforficula, gen. nov. Species typica: Mesochelidura kaffir BURR, 1911.

Description: Body convex; general colour dark yellowish-brown. Head smooth, tumid; postfrontal sutures fairly distinct or sometimes indistinct. Tegmina rudimentary, and represented by lateral flaps, as in species Chelidura in the subfamily Anechurinae. Male pygidium prominent, generally broad, transverse or quadrate; male forceps with branches arcuate, not of Forficula-type, but with or without flattened section basally. Distribution: South Africa. 4 species. Identification key to the species 1

Male pygidium with caudal margin concave mesad, flanked by a triangular projection on each side (Fig. 857); male forceps simple beyond basal triangular lamellation 1. Afroforficula kaffir, p. 543 1' Male pygidium rounded posteriorly or with a median projection 2 2 Male pygidium broadly rounded posteriorly (Fig. 858); male forceps elongate, inner margins with a double tubercle near pygidium 2. Afroforficula nigerrima, p. 544 2' Male pygidium with a median projection 3 3 Male forceps with triangular proximal tooth-like lamellation and an inner tooth approximately in middle; Pygidium (Fig. 861 ) convex caudad, terminating in a conical projection; tubercles on ultimate tergite, near posterior margin, small 3. Afroforficula capeneri, p. 545

543 3' Male forceps with proximal lamellation large, otherwise unarmed; pygidium (Fig. 863) concave mesad, with small median cusp; tubercles on ultimate tergite large 4. Afroforficula brongersmai, p. 546 1.

Afroforficula kaffir (BURR) comb. nov.

1911 Mesochelidura kaffir BURR, Annls South Afr. Mus., 10: 11; fig. 7a (male in dorsal view), 7b (male forceps) - Terra typica: Cape Province (Type male: South Afr. Mus, Cape Town). 1957 Forficula kaffir - HINCKS, South African Animal Life, 4: 84. Literature: BRINDLE, 1970, 1973; BURR, 1911; HINCKS, 1952; SAKAI, 1973.

Description: Male general colour yellowish- and reddish-brown; head reddishyellow; legs yellow; abdomen and forceps yellowish-red or reddish-brown. Cuticle of head, pronotum, tegmina and metanotum coriaceous; abdominal tergites finely punctured, tergites 4 - 5 rather more strongly punctured. Head transverse, tumid; sutures almost absent, except for coronal suture, which is slightly marked and dark. Eyes small, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint short, shorter than distance between antennal bases. Pronotum strongly transverse, slightly wider posteriorly, all margins straight, posterior angles rounded; median longitudinal furrow present. Tegmina represented by lateral flaps on the mesonotum. Abdomen broad, depressed, parallel-sided; lateral glandular folds on third tergite almost absent, those on fourth tergite large. Ultimate tergite transverse, depressed medially near the posterior margin, but with two broad swellings above the base of each branch of the forceps; the swellings may be smaller and narrow and the depressed part between the swellings may be much less marked. Pygidium short, very transverse, flattened, directed dorso-posteriorly, margins irregular, posterior margin concave. Forceps (Fig. 857) with branches cylindrical distally, elliptical in cross-section at base, which is somewhat widened, and with a dorso-median tooth near base. Female similar to male, but both branches of forceps short, elliptical in

Fig. 857 Holotype ultimate tergite with forceps of Afroforficula kaffir (BURR). After BURR.

544 cross-section, wider at base, narrowed distally, inner margins dentated at base. Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 9 - 1 1 mm. Distribution: South Africa: Natal, Cape Province. 2.

Afroforficula nigerrima

(BRINDLE)

comb. nov.

1966 Forficula nigerrima BRINDLE, Entomologist's month. Mag., 102: 148; fig. 1 (male forceps), 2 (female forceps), 3 (genitalia of holotype). - Terra typica: Malawi (Type male: Brit. Mus. nat. Hist., London). Literature: BRINDLE, 1 9 7 0 , 1 9 7 3 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 .

Description: Male generally black; antennae reddish- or yellowish-brown, anterior part of pronotum reddish; legs yellowish; forceps dark red. Cuticle of head, pronotum, tegmina and metanotum coriaceous, somewhat coarsely so; basal abdominal tergites slightly punctured, distal segments more strongly punctured. Head transverse, tumid; postfrontal and coronal sutures obsolete, posterior margin of head convex. Eyes small, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint broad and long, nearly as long as distance between antennal bases; second joint short, transverse, fourth shorter than third. Pronotum transverse, rather wider posteriorly than anteriorly; all angles rounded; median longitudinal furrow present. Tegmina very short, represented by lateral flaps, rounded medially. Abdomen very broad, depressed, almost parallel-sided; lateral glandular folds on third tergite small, those on tergite 4 large. Ultimate tergite transverse, with two broad swellings near the posterior

Fig. 858 Holotype ultimate tergite with forceps of Afroforficula nigerrima

Fig. 859 Holotype genital armature of Afroforficula nigerrima (BRINDLE). After

Fig. 860 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Afroforficula nigerrima

(BRINDLE). A f t e r BRINDLE.

BRINDLE.

(BRINDLE). A f t e r BRINDLE.

545 margin above the bases of the branches of the forceps, the swellings separated by a depression on the posterior margin. Pygidium broadly rounded posteriorly. Forceps (Fig. 858) long and cylindrical, gently curved inwardly on distal half; inner base of each branch coarsely tuberculate and blackish. Genitalia (Fig. 859) of Forficula-type; central parameral plate very broad and elongate, virga within genital lobe short with characteristic curvature; external parameres equal in size and shape, simple. - Female similar to male, but ultimate tergite more transverse, forceps (Fig. 860) broad at base, tapering, apices curved inwardly; extreme base blackish. - Length of body with forceps, male: 19 mm, female: 14 mm. Distribution: Malawi. 3.

Afroforficula capeneri

(HINCKS)

comb. nov.

1952 Mesochelidura natalensis HINCKS, Durban Mus. Novit., 4:28.-Terra typica: Natal (Type male, gen. prep. No. 564, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN: Durban Museum). 1957 Forficula capeneri HINCKS, South African Animal Life, 4: 85 [on transfer of natalensis HINCKS to Forficula, new name for Mesochelidura natalensis HINCKS, 1952, a junior secondary homonymy of Forficula natalensis STAL, 1855 (-> Diaperasticus erythrocephalus (OLIVER, 1791)]. Literature: BRINDLE, 1 9 7 0 , 1 9 7 3 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 .

Description: Male general colour yellowish-brown; head and distal abdominal tergites darker; antennae and legs yellow. Head tumid, postfrontal sutures not visible, except for coronal suture which is weakly indicated. Eyes small, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae of holotype broken; first joint

Fig. 861 Holotype ultimate tergite with forceps of Afroforficula capeneri (HINCKS). Original.

Fig. 862 Holotype genital armature of Afroforficula capeneri (HINCKS). Original.

546 relatively short, shorter than distance between antennal bases. Pronotum slightly transverse, more or less parallel-sided, slightly wider posteriorly, sides straight; all angles rounded; median longitudinal furrow indistinct. Tegmina represented by lateral flaps, much shorter than the length of pronotum; metanotum moderately large and broad. Legs normal, simple. Abdomen depressed, parallel-sided to last tergite, which is rather widened on distal third. Ultimate tergite depressed medially near posterior margin, the depression flanked by two marginal swollen areas, each of which bears a small tubercle; posterior margin between the swollen areas concave. Pygidium transverse, convex posteriorly, ending in a median conical projection; lateral angles sharp. Forceps (Fig. 861) relatively short, strong, broad basally, cylindrical arcuate, with a small conical inner tooth near base and a second tooth near midpoint. Genitalia (Fig. 862, gen. prep. No. 564, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) characteristic; central parameral plate broad, but relatively short, more or less one and a half times as long than external parameres; virga within genital lobe medium-size, basal section of virga associated with a specific, strongly sclerotized plate, as in Fig. 862. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 8.5 mm. Distribution: Natal. 4.

Afroforficula brongersmai

(BOESEMAN)

comb. nov.

1954 Mesochelidura brongersmai BOESEMAN, Zool. Verh., Leiden, 21:100; fig. 24 (male in dorsal view) 24a (male forceps in lateral view). - Terra typica: Swaziland (Type male, gen. prep. No. 729, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN: Rijksmus. natuurl. Hist., Leiden). 1957 Forficula brongersmai - HINCKS, South African Animal Life, 4: 85. Literature: BRINDLE, 1 9 7 1 , 1973; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1982; STEINMANN, 1 9 8 9 .

Description: Male general colour brownish-yellow; head slightly reddish; abdomen blackish-brown, forceps paler. Head rounded, smooth, tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures obsolete, posterior margin concave in the middle. Eyes small, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint short, narrowed basally, widened apically, shorter than the distance between antennal bases. Pronotum strongly transverse, hardly tumid, all margins straight, angles rounded; median longitudinal furrow indistinct and along anterior three-quarters only. Tegmina very rudimentary, being represented by small narrow lateral flaps on the mesonotum; meso- and metanotum exposed, slightly convex, posterior margin of metanotum strongly emarginate. Abdomen almost parallel-sided, slightly wider medially; lateral glandular folds on third tergite small, those on fourth tergite large. Ultimate tergite characteristic; transverse, smooth, with two long conical tubercles directed dorso-posteriorly above the base of the forceps. Pygidium distinct, projecting, trapezoidal, tumid, the sides sloping, the apex concave, with a small median cusp, the angles slightly projecting. Forceps (Fig. 863) with branches slender, cylindrical except towards base, where the inner margins are widened to form a rounded projection.

547 Genitalia (Fig. 864) narrow; central parameral plate elongate, virga within genital lobe long and associated with a strongly sclerotized plate basally, external parameres long and narrow. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 13.5 mm. Distribution: Natal.

Fig. 863 Holotype ultimate tergite with forceps of Afroforficula brongersmai (BOESEMAN). O r i g i n a l .

Fig. 864 Holotype genital armature of Afroforficula brongersmai (BOESEMAN). Original.

Genus 62: Proforficula, gen. nov. Species typica: Chelidura peringueyi BURR, 1903.

Description: External characteristics very similar to species of Forficula but tegmina abbreviated, very short, broadly rounded medially and touching in the mid-line, but usually leaving the anterior part of the mesonotum exposed; in some specimens the pronotum hides the anterior part of the mesonotum, but the tegmina are always much shorter than the pronotum. Distribution: South Africa. 5 species. LINNAEAUS,

Identification key to the species 1

Pronotum almost quadrate; male forceps (Fig. 865) strongly curved and with a large dorso-median tooth 1 .Proforficula stuckenbergi, p. 548 1' Pronotum transverse; male forceps much less curved, with or without an inner tooth, the tooth not dorso-median in position 2 2 Pronotum less transverse; abdominal tergites 3 and 4 of male with lateral tubercles, those on third small, those on fourth large; male pygidium (Fig. 867) transverse, with a median projection from the ventral surface 2. Proforficula peringueyi, p. 549

547 Genitalia (Fig. 864) narrow; central parameral plate elongate, virga within genital lobe long and associated with a strongly sclerotized plate basally, external parameres long and narrow. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 13.5 mm. Distribution: Natal.

Fig. 863 Holotype ultimate tergite with forceps of Afroforficula brongersmai (BOESEMAN). O r i g i n a l .

Fig. 864 Holotype genital armature of Afroforficula brongersmai (BOESEMAN). Original.

Genus 62: Proforficula, gen. nov. Species typica: Chelidura peringueyi BURR, 1903.

Description: External characteristics very similar to species of Forficula but tegmina abbreviated, very short, broadly rounded medially and touching in the mid-line, but usually leaving the anterior part of the mesonotum exposed; in some specimens the pronotum hides the anterior part of the mesonotum, but the tegmina are always much shorter than the pronotum. Distribution: South Africa. 5 species. LINNAEAUS,

Identification key to the species 1

Pronotum almost quadrate; male forceps (Fig. 865) strongly curved and with a large dorso-median tooth 1 .Proforficula stuckenbergi, p. 548 1' Pronotum transverse; male forceps much less curved, with or without an inner tooth, the tooth not dorso-median in position 2 2 Pronotum less transverse; abdominal tergites 3 and 4 of male with lateral tubercles, those on third small, those on fourth large; male pygidium (Fig. 867) transverse, with a median projection from the ventral surface 2. Proforficula peringueyi, p. 549

548 2' Pronotum more transverse; third abdominal tergite of male without lateral glandular fold, those on fourth tergite large; male pygidium transverse, but without a large median projection 3 3 Pronotum widened posteriorly; male forceps (Fig. 870) with branches almost straight, short, each branch with a large triangular ventral tooth basally 3. Proforficula purcelli, p. 550 3' Pronotum parallel-sided or almost so 4 4 Male forceps not widened at base, and arched or undulate from a lateral view, each branch with an almost ventral tooth beyond midpoint (Fig. 872); ultimate tergite of male with large and compressed projections 4. Proforficula angolensis, p. 551 4' Male forceps widened at base (Fig. 873), and not arched or undulate from a lateral view; branches without ventral teeth; ultimate tergite of male with two broad swellings above the base of each branch of the forceps 5. Proforficula promontorii, p. 552

1. Proforficula stuckenbergi (BRINDLE) comb. nov. 1973 Forficula stuckenbergi BRINDLE, The Dermaptera of Africa, 1: 268; fig. 365 (male head, pronotum, and tegmina), 375 (genitalia of holotype). - Terra typica: Cape Province (Type male: Natal Mus., Durban). Literature: SAKAI, 1 9 8 2 .

Description: Male general colour yellowish-brown; legs and forceps yellow; lateral margins of pronotum yellow. Cuticle almost entirely glabrous and finely coriaceous. Head slightly transverse, tumid; postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct, not visible; lateral margins straight immediately behind eyes, then curving almost smoothly into posterior margin, the latter slightly convex. Eyes prominent but small, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint very small, essentially shorter than distance between antennal bases. Pronotum almost quadrate, widened posteriorly; lateral margins straight, posterior margin convex; median longitudinal furrow indistinct. Tegmina

Fig. 865 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Proforficula stuckenbergi (BRINDLE). After

Fig. 866 Holotype genital armature of Proforficula stuckenbergi (BRINDLE). After

BRINDLE.

BRINDLE.

549 rudimentary, rounded medially, and slightly overlapping at sutures, but leaving the anterior part of mesonotum exposed. Wings absent. Metanotum partially covered with tegmina, posterior margin concave. Abdomen broad, strongly and evenly widened distally; tergites 7 - 9 slightly narrower, but almost telescoped in type; lateral glandular folds on third tergite absent, those on fourth very large, darkened and almost blackish apically. Ultimate tergite transverse, with a raised rounded transverse ridge towards posterior margin, the ridge slightly curved and tergite declivent from ridge to posterior margin. Pygidium simple, transverse. Forceps (Fig. 865) elliptical in cross-section basally, and widened, with a ventro-median tooth, distal part of each branch curved about midpoint, then almost straight. Genitalia (Fig. 866) specific; central parameral plate narrow, oval, virga within genital lobe short and associated with a strongly sclerotized basal vesicle; external parameres well developed, obtuse apically. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 14 mm. Distribution: Cape Province. 2. Proforficula peringueyi (BURR) comb. nov. 1903 Chelidura peringueyi BURR, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (7) 11: 275. - Terra typica: Cape Province (Type male: Brit. Mus. nat. Hist., London). 1911 Mesocheliduraperingueyi-BURR, Ann. South Afr. Mus., 10: 9; fig. 5a (male in dorsal view), 5b (male forceps). 1957 Forficula peringueyi - HINCKS, South African Animal Life, 4: 85. 1973 Forficula peringueyi - BRINDLE, The Dermaptera of Africa, 1: 266; fig. 376 (male genitalia), 367 (female forceps). L i t e r a t u r e : BOESEMAN, 1 9 5 4 ; BRINDLE, 1 9 7 0 ; BURR, 1 9 1 1 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 .

Description: Male yellowish to dark brown, shiny. Cuticle of head, pronotum, tegmina and metanotum finely coriaceous; basal abdominal tergites impunctate or almost so, tergites 5 - 6 weakly punctured, 7 - 9 more strongly punctured, punctures deeper but separated by more than their own diameter, except on posterior margins where the punctures tend to coalesce. Head almost quadrate, tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures scarcely visible, lateral margins curving smoothly into almost straight posterior margin. Eyes small, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Pronotum slightly transverse, parallel-sided, margins more or less straight. Tegmina rudimentary, flaps which meet medially but leave the anterior part of the mesonotum exposed, although in some specimens the pronotum hides this part of the mesonotum, and only the scutellum may be visible. Metanotum transverse, short, concave posteriorly. Abdomen broad, depressed, more or less parallel-sided; lateral glandular folds on third tergite transverse, depressed medially near the posterior margin but with two broad swellings above the base of each branch of the forceps; the swellings may be smaller and narrow and the depressed part between the swellings may be much less marked. Pygidium short, transverse, with a large ventro-posterior process. Forceps (Fig. 867) arcuate, variable in length, elliptical in cross-section, especial-

550 ly near base, which is wider, and with the basal inner margin more or less dentated, sometimes forming an inner tooth (as in Fig. 867). Genitalia (Fig. 868) characteristic; central parameral plate short, narrowed basally, virga within genital lobe short and associated with a larger and strongly sclerotized basal vesicle. External parameres large, broad, obtuse. - Female similar to male, but abdomen much less strongly punctured distally, and lateral glandular folds smaller. Branches of forceps (Fig. 869) shorter, wider basally, with inner margin dentated. Pygidium rounded dorsally, almost quadrate ventrally. - Length of body with forceps, male: 10-15mm, female: 9 - 1 1 mm. Distribution: South Africa.

Fig. 867 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Proforficula peringueyi (BURR). Original.

Fig. 868 Male genital armature of Proforficula peringueyi (BURR). After

Fig. 869 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Proforficula peringueyi

BRINDLE.

(BURR). A f t e r BRINDLE.

3. Proforficula purcelli (BURR) comb. nov. 1911 Chelidurellapurcelli BURR, Ann. South Afr. Mus., 10:13; fig. 8a (male in dorsal view), 8b (male forceps). - Terra typica: Cape Province (Type male: South Afr. Mus., Cape Province). 1957 Forficula purcelli - HINCKS, South African Animal Life, 4: 86. Literature: BRINDLE, 1970, 1973; BURR, 1911; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1969; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1982.

Description: Male general colour yellowish-brown; head reddish; legs yellow, and abdomen reddish-brown. Cuticle of head and thoracal nota coriaceous, that of abdominal tergites punctured. Head transverse, tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures not visible; sides parallel and straight behind eyes, posterior angles well rounded and posterior margin almost straight. Eyes rather short, significantly shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint

551 small, shorter than distance between antennal bases. Pronotum strongly transverse, widened posteriorly, lateral margins more or less straight, posterior margin faintly convex; median longitudinal furrow indistinct. Tegmina rudimentary, very short, meeting at the mid-line, but anterior part of mesonotum may be hidden by the pronotum. Wings entirely absent. Abdomen broad, depressed, widest medially, lateral glandular folds on third tergite absent, those on fourth rather large. Ultimate tergite transverse, punctured, with a median longitudinal sulcus, and with an elongated transverse tubercle near posterior margin above the base of each branch of the forceps. Pygidium transverse, lateral margins convex, posterior margin concave. Forceps (Fig. 870) short and comparatively broad, branches elliptical in cross-section, almost straight, inner margins with a rather large triangular tooth near base. Genitalia (Fig. 871, gen. prep. No. 9 5 4 , det. Dr. H . STEINMANN from Rhodesia) characteristic; central parameral plate oval, specific, virga within genital lobe medium-size, with specific basal vesicle; external parameres normally developed, but narrow. Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 10 mm. Distribution: Cape Province, and Rhodesia.

Fig. 870 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Proforficula purcelli (BURR). Originai.

4.

Proforficula angolensis

Fig. 871 Male genital armature of Proforficula purcelli (BURR). Originai.

(BRINDLE)

comb. nov.

1978 Forficula angolensis BRINDLE, The Dermaptera of Africa, 2: 192; fig. 341 (male in dorsal view), 342 (holotype abdominal end with forceps in lateral view), 343 (ditto, paratype), 344 (male ultimate tergite with forceps). - Terra typica: Angola (Type male: type No. 13040: "CAS").

Description: Male general colour reddish-brown; head reddish; antennae

552 brown, basal joints yellow; legs clear yellow; forceps yellowish- to reddishbrown. Cuticle coriaceous, and abdominal tergites 1 - 2 sparsely, tergites 3 - 9 strongly punctured, punctures relatively deep and separated by about their own diameter or more. Head transverse, convex; postfrontal sutures not visible, coronal suture faintly marked; posterior margin of head more or less straight. Eyes small, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint very small, essentially shorter than distance between antennal bases. Pronotum transverse, almost parallel-sided, posterior margin straight; median longitudinal furrow depressed antero-medially. Tegmina abbreviated, shorter than the pronotum, meeting at sutures, but leaving the anterior part of mesonotum exposed. Wings absent. Abdomen slightly widened medially; lateral glandular folds on third tergite small, those on fourth tergite large and blackened. Ultimate tergite rather strongly punctured, and somewhat rugoso-striate medially; above the base of each branch of the forceps is a large triangular process directed almost dorsally. Pygidium very transverse, with a very small posterior triangular projection medially. Forceps (Fig. 872) with branches cylindrical, gradually and slightly narrowing distally, with a strong, almost ventral, tooth beyond midpoint. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 6-9.5 mm. Distribution: Angola.

Fig. 872 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Proforficula angolensis (BRINDLE). A f t e r BRINDLE.

5. Proforficula promontorii (BURR) comb. nov. 1911 Mesochelidurapromontorii BURR, Ann. South Afr. Mus., 10:10; fig. 6a (male in dorsal view), 6b (male forceps). - Terra typica: Cape Province (Type male: South Afr. Mus., Cape Town). 1957 Forficula promontorii - HINCKS, South African Animal Life, 4: 86. 1973 Forficula promontorii - BRINDLE, The Dermaptera of Africa, 1: 262; fig. 364 (head, pronotum, and tegmina), 370 (female forceps), 371 (male ultimate tergite with forceps). Literature: BRINDLE, 1 9 7 0 ; BURR, 1 9 1 1 ; MENOZZI, 1 9 3 7 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 9 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 ,

1982.

Description: Male general colour yellowish- to dark reddish-brown; head and pronotum sometimes paler in colour; antennae brown; legs yellowish or slightly

553 darker. Cuticle of head and thoracic nota coriaceous; abdominal tergites finely and sparsely punctured, the distal tergites not obviously more strongly punctured than the basal tergites. Head almost quadrate, tumid; postfrontal sutures faintly visible, coronal suture slightly blackish posteriorly; lateral margins curving smoothly into almost straight posterior margin. Eyes small, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint typical, shorter than distance between antennal bases. Pronotum strongly transverse, slightly widened posteriorly or almost parallel-sided, mesonotum with rudimentary tegmina, but sometimes the pronotum hides the exposed part of the mesonotum. Wings absent. Abdomen depressed, almost parallel-sided or wider medially; lateral glandular folds on third tergite absent, those on fourth tergite large. Ultimate tergite transverse, with a raised transverse rugose ridge near the posterior margin. Pygidium declivent, ventral part more or less rectangular or pentagonal. Forceps (Fig. 873) arcuate, branches cylindrical in cross-section, and widened at extreme base to form a small inner tooth, or with margins dentated. Genitalia (Fig. 874) small; central parameral plate short, narrowed basally, widened apically, virga within genital lobe short and associated with a strongly sclerotized basal vesicle, external parameres moderately short. - Female similar to male, but branches of forceps (Fig. 875) shorter, and wider at base; pygidium quadrate with ventral part rounded. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 9 - 1 3 mm. Distribution: South Africa.

Fig. 873 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Proforficula promontorii

Fig. 874 Male genital armature of Proforficula promontorii (BURR). After

Fig. 875 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Proforficula promontorii

( B U R R ) . A f t e r BRINDLE.

MENOZZI.

( B U R R ) . A f t e r BRINDLE.

554 Genus 63: Guanchia

BURR

1911 Guanchia BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 80. - Species typica: Forficula

cebrarea

BOLIVAR, 1 8 9 3 .

1978 Guanchia - MARTIN, MUS. Ins. Cienc. nat. (zool.), 1: 7 (revision, and key to Canarian species). L i t e r a t u r e : BEY-BIENKO, 1 9 3 6 ; POPHAM, 1 9 6 5 ; KAPOOR, 1 9 6 7 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 9 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 7 5 , 1 9 8 3 , 1 9 8 9 ; TOWNES, 1 9 4 5 .

Description: Differs from Forficula LINNAEUS only in the abbreviated tegmina, which are obliquely truncate posteriorly; wings abortive. Distribution: Ethiopian, Palaearctic, and Oriental regions. 31 species. Identification key to the species 1 Ethiopian species 2 1' Palaearctic or Oriental species 8 2 Pronotum longer than wide, sides parallel, posterior margin convex; male pygidium trapezoidic; male forceps with a basal flange (Fig. 876), which is somewhat longer than the pygidium 1. Guanchia taylori, p. 556 2' Pronotum quadrate or transverse 3 3 Pronotum more or less as long as wide, widened posteriorly; male forceps various along inner margins (Figs 877 and 878); long, usually slender species 2. Guanchia rugulosa, p. 557 3' Pronotum transverse 4 4 Pronotum less transverse, posterior margin with angles broadly rounded 5 4' Pronotum strongly transverse, posterior margin with angles angularly rounded 6 5 Male forceps comparatively short (Fig. 879); inner margins without basal flange, but with a depressed triangular tooth-like lobe near pygidium; male pygidium large, with specific dorsal and ventral parts 3.Guanchia crassa, p. 558 5' Male forceps longer (Fig. 881 ) or shorter (Fig. 882), inner margins with a well-developed basal flange; male pygidium small, simple 4. Guanchia rehni, p. 559 6 Blackish species, with head reddish or yellow; branches of male forceps slightly wider at base or with an inner thickened process (Fig. 883); ultimate tergite with two smaller or larger tubercles 5. Guanchia bituberculata, p. 560 6' Yellowish- or reddish-brown species; male forceps with branches shorter; ultimate tergite of male without dorsal tubercles 7 7 Both branches of male forceps with basal broadened inner flange, triangular in shape (Fig. 886); female forceps comparatively short, inner basal flange very short (Fig. 888) 6. Guanchia triangulata, p. 561 T Both branches of male forceps with basal broadened inner flange fully developed, rectangular (Fig. 889); female forceps comparatively long, inner basal flange long (Fig. 891) 7. Guanchia sjoestedti, p. 563 9 8 Palaearctic species 8' Oriental species 26 9 Atlantic species 10 9' Distributed in the Mediterranean subregion with Asia Minor and Caucasus 21 10 Madeira species 11 10' Canaries species 12 11 Tarsus broad and short, the metatarsus about two and a half times as long as the tarsomeron mediale with euplantula 8. Guanchia brevitarsis, p. 564 11' Tarsus longer, slenderer, the metatarsus about three and half times as long as the tarsomeron mediale with euplantula; male forceps short, inner margins without teeth (Fig. 893) 9. Guanchia schmitzi, p. 565 12 Flattened portion or inner basal flange of the male forceps very long, longer than half the length of the branches 13

555 12' Flattened portion or inner basal flange of the male forceps shorter than half the length of the branches 14 13 Inner margins of basal flange of the male forceps parallel (Fig. 896); male pronotum somewhat longer than wide 10. Guanchia canadensis, p. 566 13'Inner margins of basal flange of the male forceps concave (Fig. 898); male pronotum somewhat transverse 11. Guanchia uxoris, p. 567 14 Flattened portion or inner basal flange of male forceps broadly rounded internally (Fig. 910); pronotum transverse, widened posteriorly; tegmina short, sutural margin longer than lateral ones 12.Guanchia guancharia, p. 568 14' Inner margins of inner basal flange of male forceps more or less parallel 15 15 Median portion of male forceps more or less straight (Fig. 904); male pronotum strongly transverse, somewhat widened posteriorly; tegmina short, somewhat shorter than the pronotum 13.Guanchia fernandezi, p. 569 15' Median portion of male forceps regularly or strongly curved 16 16 Distal portion of male forceps regularly curved; pronotum smaller or larger 17 16'Distal portion of male forceps strongly curved 18 17 Pronotum comparatively small, and shorter than tegmina measured along lateral margins; inner basal flange of male forceps comparatively short, as in Fig. 906 14. Guanchia cabrerae, p. 570 17' Pronotum comparatively large and somewhat longer than tegmina measured along lateral margins; inner basal flange of male forceps comparatively long, as in Fig. 908 15. Guanchia tenerifensis, p. 571 18 Pronotum longer than wide, somewhat widened posteriorly; male forceps with inner basal flange as in Fig. 910 16. Guanchia bandamaensis, p. 572 18' Pronotum transverse 19 19 Lateral margins of pronotum more or less parallel; male forceps as in Fig. 912 17. Guanchia transversa, p. 573 19' Lateral margins of pronotum faintly convex, the plate widened posteriorly 20 20 Both branches of male forceps less curved distally, as in Fig. 914; female forceps regularly curved to apex (Fig. 915) 18.Guanchia storai, p. 575 20' Both branches of male forceps strongly curved distally, as in Fig. 916; female forceps straight baally and less curved apically (Fig. 917) 19. Guanchia gomerensis, p. 576 21 Endemic species, distributed in Caucasus; inner basal flange of male forceps well developed, more or less parallel (Fig. 918) 20. Guanchia kaznakovi, p. 577 21' Distributed in Asia Minor and Mediterranean subregion 22 22 Distributed in West Mediterranean territories: Algeria, Marocco, and Spain 21. Guanchia circinata, p. 578 22' Distributed in South and East Mediterranean territories 23 23 Flattened portion or inner basal flange of the male forceps very long, longer than half the length of the branches 24 23' Flattened portion or inner basal flange of the male forceps shorter than half the length of the branches 25 24 Flattened portion of male forceps comparatively broad, inner margins strongly serrated with small tubercles (Fig. 920); male genitalia moderately wide, virga within genital lobe comparatively long (Fig. 921) 22. Guanchia pubescens, p. 578 24' Flattened portion of male forceps comparatively narrow, inner margins smooth, straight or concave (Fig. 923); male genitalia moderately narrow, virga within genital lobe comparatively short (Fig. 924) 23. Guanchia obtusangula, p. 580 25 Flattened portion of male forceps slender, with a sharp, prominent tooth medially (Fig. 925); male genitalia as in Fig. 926 24. Guanchia brignolii, p. 581 25' Flattened portion of male forceps normally developed, wide as in Fig. 927; male genitalia very narrow, as in Fig. 928 25. Guanchia hincksi, p. 582 26 South Indian species 26. Guanchia medica, p. 583 26' North Indian, Burma, Bhutan, and Tibet species 27 27 Flattened portion or inner basal flange of the male forceps long, about as long as half the length of the branches 28

556 27' Flattened portion or inner basal flange of the male forceps short 29 28 Smaller species, body length 7 - 8 mm; abdominal tergites of both sexes punctured on most tergites; male forceps as in Fig. 929 27. Guonchia lucens, p. 584 28' Larger species, body length 11-12 mm; abdominal tergites of female impunctate or almost so, those of male only weakly punctured on tergites 1 - 5 ; branches of male forceps almost straight, robust (Fig. 932) 28. Guanchia distendens, p. 585 29 Median part of male forceps straight, inner basal flange strongly depressed, as in Fig. 934 29. Guanchia uvarovi, p. 586 29' Median part of male forceps regularly curved, inner basal flange less depressed 30 30 Pronotum widened posteriorly; general colour fuscous; male forceps with a sharp, flattened lobe basally near pygidium (Fig. 936) (or sometimes with a single triangular lobe basally (Fig. 937) 30. Guanchia bicarinata, p. 587 30' Pronotum parallel-sided; general colour testaceous brown; male forceps with flattened basal portion, as in Fig. 938 31. Guanchia chirurga, p. 588

1. Guanchia taylori

(POPHAM)

1983 Forficula taylori POPHAM, Chanc. Coll. Zomba, 1 9 8 3 : 1 3 5 ; fig. 1 (pronotum), 2 (male forceps). Terra typica: Malawi (Type male: Chancellor College, Zomba). 1989 Guanchia taylori - STEINMANN, World Catalogue of Dermaptera, Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, p.853.

Description: Male head reddish-brown; pronotum yellowish-brown; tegmina and abdominal tergites dark brown; legs yellow. Head slightly transverse, glabrous, postfrontal and coronal sutures clearly visible; posterior margin of head concave in the middle. Eyes small, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint small, shorter than distance between antennal bases. Pronotum longer than wide, lateral margins straight and parallel, posterior margin convex; median longitudinal furrow indistinct. Tegmina longer than pronotum, touching medially throughout their length, with posterior margins obliquely truncate; wings entirely absent. Abdomen somewhat depressed, heavily punctate and parallel-sided; lateral glandular folds on third tergite small, those on fourth larger and darker. Ultimate tergite transverse, smooth, simple.

Fig. 876 Holotype ultimate tergite with forceps of Guanchia taylori (POPHAM). After POPHAM.

557

Pygidium trapezoidic, tapering posteriorly and distally truncated. Forceps (Fig. 876) comparatively long with a inner basal flange, which is somewhat longer than the pygidium; curved, with tips directed medially. - Female unknown. Length of body with forceps: 17 mm. Distribution: Malawi. 2. Guanchia rugulosa (HINCKS) comb. nov. 1957 Forficula rugulosa H I N C K S , South African Animal Life, 4 : 89; fig. 37 (male in dorsal view). Terra typica: Cape Province (Type male: Brit. Mus. nat. Hist., London). 1973 Forficula rugulosa - BRINDLE, The Dermaptera of Africa, 1: 260; fig. 349 (head, pronotum, and tegmina), 353 (male forceps). Literature: BRINDLE, 1 9 7 0 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 .

Description: Male reddish or dark brown; antennae brown, basal joints yellow; pronotum broadly yellow laterally; legs yellow. Cuticle of head, pronotum, and tegmina rather strongly coriaceous; abdominal tergites 1 - 6 smooth, rather shiny, tergites 7 - 9 strongly punctured, the punctures relatively large but separated by more than their own diameter; ultimate tergite irregularly punctured, the punctures large. Head slightly transverse, moderately tumid; sutures obsolete or visible. Eyes smaller, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint normally developed, but somewhat shorter than distance between antennal bases; third and fourth joints subequal. Pronotum somewhat longer than wide in holotype (HINCKS; in Fig. 3 7 ; but in original description: about as long as wide) or quadrate (after BRINDLE, 1 9 7 3 : 2 6 0 ) ; widened posteriorly; lateral margins straight, posterior margin strongly convex; median longitudinal furrow well marked. Tegmina about as long as pronotum,

Fig. 877 Holotype ultimate tergite with forceps of Guanchia rugulosa (HINCKS). After HINCKS.

Fig. 878 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Guanchia rugulosa ( H I N C K S ) . A f t e r BRINDLE.

558 posterior margins obliquely truncate; wings absent. Abdomen elongate, slender, parallel-sided; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 small, those on fourth larger. Ultimate tergite transverse, depressed medially near posterior margin. Pygidium small, rounded, almost hidden. Forceps (Fig. 877) almost straight, except at apices; inner basal flange irregularly crenulate (Fig. 877) or with a very narrow rugose margin (Fig. 878), and terminating obtusely, extending for just under half or more the length of the forceps. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 13-14 mm. Distribution: Cape Province. 3.

Guanchia crassa

(BRINDLE)

comb. nov.

1978 Forficula crassa BRINDLE, The Dermaptera of Africa, 2:190; fig. 345 (male in dorsal view), 346 (male abdominal end with forceps in lateral view). - Terra typica: Cameroon (Type male: Mus. Naturkunde, Berlin). Literature: SAKAI, 1 9 8 2 .

Description: Male yellowish-brown anteriorly, abdomen blackish except for basal three segments which are reddish-brown; antennae yellow (only joints 1 - 4 of right antenna remaining and only basal joint of left, in type); forceps dark red, margins darkened. Head transverse, rather convex but somewhat flattened dorsally; postfrontal sutures indistinct, coronal suture present; posterior margin of head convex. Eyes comparatively large, but somewhat shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint small, shorter than distance between antennal bases; second transverse, third joint two and a half times as long as wide. Pronotum transverse, parallel-sided, posterior margin weakly convex. Tegmina short, but longer than the pronotum, meeting along sutures; cuticle coriaceous and sparsely punctured, pnctures relatively large. Abdomen scarcely widened, slightly depressed, weakly and finely punctured, punctures small and separated mainly by much more than their own diameter; lateral glandular folds on third tergite small, those on fourth large. Ultimate tergite transverse, almost j

Fig. 879 Holotype ultimate tergite with forceps of Guanchia crassa (BRINDLE). After BRINDLE.

559 impunctate medially, strongly punctured dorso-laterally; median longitudinal sulcus only distinct towards posterior margin, and with a large conical tubercle at either side of the furrow; the tubercle is directed almost dorsally. Pygidium specific; large, dorsal part broadly triangular, apex truncate, and with small postero-lateral projections, ventral part of pygidium wider, lateral margins dentated and posterior margin weakly convex. Forceps (Fig. 879) comparatively short, broad, inner margins produced into a large triangular blackish tooth at base, distally the branches are almost parallel-sided for most part, inner margins flattened, apices short. Genitalia missing in holotype. - Female unknown. Length of body with forceps; 10 mm. Distribution: Cameroon. 4. Guanchia rehni (BURR) comb. nov. 1953 Forficula rehni BURR, Proc. R. ent. Soc. London, (B) 21: 166. - Terra typica: Kenya (Type undesignated). 1953 Forficula rehni - REHN, Ent. News, 64: 127 (designation of male holotype: Acad. nat. Sci., Philadelphia). 1970 Forficula rehni - BRINDLE, Entomologist's month. Mag., 106: 198, fig. 8 (male forceps) (Kenya, Tanganyika). 1973 Forficula rehni-BRINDLE, The Dermaptera of Africa, 1:253; fig. 330 (pronotum, and tegmina). Literature: SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 .

Description: Male general colour blackish; head, pronotum and tegmina yellowish- to reddish-brown, or with head only reddish, or with pronotum paler in colour; antennae brown; legs yellow. Cuticle coriaceous and impunctate anteriorly, basal abdominal tergites almost impunctate, sometimes slightly punctured, distal tergites punctured, ultimate tergite irregularly punctured. Head transverse, tumid; postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct; posterior margin of head convex. Eyes normally developed, and shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint small, shorter than distance between antennal bases. Pronotum less transverse, anterior margin transversely truncate, lateral margins straight and parallel, posterior angles with margin broadly rounded; median longitudinal furrow present. Tegmina short, about as long as pronotum, or somewhat shorter, posterior margin obliquely truncate (Fig. 880). Abdomen depressed, broad; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct. Ultimate tergite strongly transverse, smooth, with a smaller, depression medially near posterior margin. Pygidium small, trigonal. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 881) broadened at base and forming a rectangular inner flange, the margins of the flange irregularly crenulated, distal part of branch slender and curved, somewhat variable in length, the branches rarely becoming slenderer. - Female similar to male, but branches of forceps (Fig. 882) simpler, straight, with a depressed section on basal half. - Length of body with forceps, male: 11-17 mm, female: 10-13 mm. Distribution: East Africa.

560

Fig. 880 Pronotum and tegmina of Guanchia rehni (BURR). A f t e r BRINDLE.

5.

Fig. 881 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Guanchia rehni (BURR).

Fig. 882 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Guanchia rehni (BURR).

A f t e r BRINDLE.

A f t e r BRINDLE.

Guanchia bituberculata

(BRINDLE)

comb. nov.

1966 Anechura bituberculata BRINDLE, Revue Zool. Bot. afr., 74 (1 -2): 43; fig. 20 (male forceps), 21 (female forceps), 22 (genitalia of holotype). - Terra typica: Kivu (Type male: Mus. r. Afr. centr., Tervuren). 1973 Forficula bituberculata - BRINDLE, The Dermaptera of Africa, 1: 261; fig. 338 (male in dorsal view), 339 (male forceps in lateral view), 340 (male abdominal end in lateral view) (Congo, Uganda). Literature: SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1982.

Description: Male shiny black; head reddish or yellow, sometimes darkened on frons; pronotum reddish or yellowish anteriorly; antennae brown, or with basal joints yellow; legs yellow; forceps dark red or blackish. Cuticle almost entirely coriaceous, impunctate, abdominal tergites rather coarsely coriaceous towards the posterior margins, and with scattered shallow punctures. Head transverse, mainly tumid but depressed medially on vertex, posterior margin straight. Eyes moderately large, but somewhat shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint small, shorter than distance between antennal bases. Pronotum strongly transverse with lateral margins almost straight and diverging, but curving smoothly into strongly convex posterior margin. Tegmina short, about as long as pronotum measured along suture, posterior margins slightly obliquely truncate. Abdomen rather long, slightly wider medially, depressed, lateral glandular folds on third tergite very small, those on fourth large. Ultimate tergite transverse, characteristic, with two large conical tubercles above the base of each branch of the forceps, the tubercles larger in macrolabic males and curved. Pygidium short, rounded. Forceps (Fig. 883) more or less cylindrical,

561 variable in length; in smaller males the branches are slightly wider basally, in macrolabic males the branches are very long, and angled at the base, while from the inner margins at the extreme base there arises a broad tubercle, which is irregular and ends in a vertically aligned ridge. Genitalia (Fig. 884) simple; central parameral plate normally developed, narrowed basally, widened apically, virga within genital lobe comparatively short with a basal vesicle of Forficulatype; external parameres simple. - Female very similar to male, but forceps (Fig. 885) short, wider towards base but narrowed at extreme base; pygidium small or hidden. - Length of body with forceps, male: 12-20 mm, female: 10-12 mm. Distribution: Congo Republic, and Uganda.

Fig. 883 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Guanchia bituberculata

Fig. 884 Holotype genital armature of Guanchia

(BRINDLE). A f t e r BRINDLE.

A f t e r BRINDLE.

6.

bituberculata

(BRINDLE).

Guanchia triangulata

Fig. 885 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Guanchia bituberculata (BRINDLE). A f t e r BRINDLE.

(HINCKS)

comb. nov.

1950 Forfícula triangulata HINCKS, Entomologist's month. Mag., 86: 180; fig. 3 (male forceps), 4 (genitalia of holotype). - Terra typica: Kilimanjaro (Type male: Brit. Mus. nat. Hist., London). 1973 Forfícula triangulata - BRINDLE, The Dermaptera of Africa, 1: 258; fig. 348 (pronotum and tegmina), 351 (male ultimate tergite with forceps), 352 (female forceps). Literature: BRINDLE, 1 9 7 0 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 .

Description: Male blackish-brown; head, pronotum, and tegmina dark brown, pronotum yellowish laterally; antennae and legs yellowish-brown to brown. Cuticle of head, pronotum and tegmina, coriaceous; basal abdominal tergites coriaceous and impunctate, tergites 4 - 5 slightly and sparsely punctured, tergites 6 - 9 more strongly punctured and strongly coriaceous, tending to form

562 longitudinal striations, especially laterally. Head transverse, tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures scarcely visible, posterior margin more or less straight. Eyes small, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint small, shorter than distance between antennal bases. Pronotum transverse, widened posteriorly, lateral margins straight, posterior margin convex; median longitudinal furrow indistinct. Tegmina short, about as long as pronotum measured along lateral margins, posterior margins obliquely truncate. Abdomen normally developed, more or less parallel-sided, depressed, lateral glandular folds on third tergite small, those on fourth only somewhat larger. Ultimate tergite strongly transverse, with a large but low transverse swelling over the base of each branch of the forceps, these swellings separated medially by a depressed part of the posterior margin. Pygidium almost triangular, but basal half parallel-sided or somewhat convex, distal part narrowed with apex rounded. Forceps (Fig. 886) elliptical in cross-section, broadened towards base to form a triangular inner flange, which is blunt, with irregular and roughened margin. Genitalia (Fig. 887) normally developed, central parameral plate oval medially, virga within genital lobe very short, the basal vesicle strongly sclerotized; external parameres simple, outer margins somewhat concave in type. - Female similar to male, but abdominal tergites strongly coriaceous, and less strongly punctured; both branches of forceps (Fig. 888) short, widened towards base but excavated at extreme base, inner margins dentated or serrated; pygidium narrow. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 12-17 mm. Distribution: Tanzania.

Fig. 886 Male ultímate tergite with fórceps of Guanchia triangúlala

Fig. 887 Holotype genital armature of Guanchia triangúlala (HINCKS). After

Fig. 888 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Guanchia triangúlala

(HINCKS). A f t e r HINCKS.

HINCKS.

(HINCKS). A f t e r BRINDLE.

563

7. Guanchia sjoestedti (BURR) comb. nov. 1907 Forficula sjdstedti BURR, Trans ent. Soc. London, 1907:116. - Terra typica: Kilimanjaro (Type male: Naturhist. Riksmus., Stockholm). 1912 Forficula sjdstedti var.fusca BORELLI, Bull. Mus. natn. Hist. nat. Paris, 18: 240 (Tanzania). 1930 Forficula bequaerti MENOZZI, Rev. Zool. Bot. afr., 19: 86; fig. 1 (genitalia of holotype), 2 (male ultimate tergite with forceps). - Terra typica: Congo (Type male: Mus. comp. Zool., Cambridge, Mass.). Literature: BORELLI, 1 9 1 5 ; BRINDLE, 1 9 7 0 , 1 9 7 3 ; BURR, 1 9 1 1 ; HINCKS, 1 9 3 8 , 1 9 5 0 , 1 9 5 5 ; REHN, 1 9 2 5 , 1 9 3 3 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; SJOSTEDT, 1 9 3 3 .

Description: Male blackish-brown, usually with head, pronotum and tegmina paler, dark reddish-brown to yellowish-brown; antennae yellowish to brown, legs yellowish. Cuticle of head, pronotum and tegmina coriaceous; basal abdominal tergites impunctate, distal tergites weakly punctured; ultimate tergite irregularly punctured. Head transverse, tumid, postfrontal sutures faintly visible, coronal suturs more marked on vertex, sides straight, postero-lateral angles well rounded, posterior margin almost straight, slightly concave medially. Eyes rather small, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint very small, essentially shorter than distance between antennal bases. Pronotum strongly transverse, more or less parallel-sided or widened posteriorly, lateral margins straight and with a wide explanate border, posterior margin convex. Tegmina short or very short, posterior margins obliquely truncate. Abdomen widened medially, depressed, lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct. Sometimes on third and fourth tergites small, somewhat subequal in size

Fig. 889 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Guanchia sjoestedti (BURR). Original.

Fig. 890 Holotype genital armature of Guanchia sjoestedti (BURR). After MENOZZI.

Fig. 891 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Guanchia sjoestedti (BURR). Original.

564 or with fourth rather larger. Ultimate tergite transverse, swollen near posterior margin above the base of each branch of the forceps. Pygidium triangular, often long. Forceps (Fig. 889) flattened basally, forming a rectangular inner flange, the margins of the flange being irregularly crenulated and excavated at base, the distal end of the flange ending smoothly or with a blunt tooth. Distal part of forceps cylindrical in cross-section, and curved. Genitalia (Fig. 890) slender; central parameral plate elongate, virga within genital lobe comparatively short with strongly sclerotized basal vesicle; external parameres normally developed, simple. - Female similar to male, but abdominal tergites almost smooth, both branches of forceps (Fig. 891) slenderer, short, excavated at base on inner margins, basal half or so rather broadened and crenulated slightly, distal part of branch curved, cylindrical. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 9-16mm. Distribution: Congo Republic, Kenya, Tanzania, Ruanda. 8. Guanchia brevitarsis (CHOPARD) comb. nov. 1942 Forficula brevitarsis CHOPARD, SOC. Sci. Fenn. Comm. Biol., 8 (4): 11; fig. 5 (female in dorsal view), 6 (female forceps), 7 (hind tarsus). - Terra typica: Madeira (Type female: Zool. Mus., Helsingfors). Literature: BRINDLE, 1 9 6 9 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 .

Description: Female general colour dark reddish-brown; legs yellow; antennae brown. Cuticle coriaceous generally, but abdominal tergites faintly, punctured. Head somewhat longer than wide, tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct, posterior margin convex in the middle. Eyes moderately short, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint short, narrowed basally, widened apically, shorter than distance between antennal bases. Pronotum transverse, widened posteriorly; anterior margin transversely truncate, lateral margins more or less straight, posterior margin convex; median longitudinal furrow indistinct. Tegmina short, slightly longer than pronotum, posterior margin obliquely truncate; wings absent. Abdomen widened medially, depressed, lateral glandular folds present on tergites 3 - 4 . Ultimate tergite strongly transverse, depressed medially near posterior margin, posterior margin trisi-

Fig. 892 Female ultimte tergite with forceps of Guanchia brevitarsis (CHOPARD). After CHOPARD.

565 nuate. Pygidium short, broadly rounded posteriorly. Forceps (Fig. 892) very short, broad at base, depressed, elliptical in cross-section; inner margin crenulated basally. - Male unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 14 mm. Distribution: Madeira. 9.

Guanchia schmitzi

(BORELLI)

comb. nov.

1906 Pseudochelidura schmitzi BORELLI, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. R. Univ. Torino, 21 (520): 2; fig. (male in dorsal view). - Terra typica: Madeira (Type male, gen. prep. No. 521, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN: M U S . 1st. Zool. sist. Univ. Torino). 1911 Anechura schmitzi - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 74. 1977 Anechura schmitzi - STEINMANN, Acta zool. hung., 23: 205; fig. 12 (male genitalia). L i t e r a t u r e : BRINDLE, 1 9 6 9 ; HINCKS, 1 9 3 8 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 9 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 .

Description: Male general colour reddish to dark brown; antennae yellowishbrown, lighter basally; legs yellow; abdomen darker posteriorly, tergites fairly lightly punctured; forceps yellow; pygidium dark brown. Head large, tumid, longer than wide, postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct, posterior margin convex. Eyes very small, essentially shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint small, shorter than distance between antennal bases. Pronotum transverse, lateral margins straight, posterior margin convex; median longitudinal furrow deep. Tegmina short, about as long as pronotum measured

Fig. 893 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Guanchia schmitzi

Fig. 894 Male abdominal end with forceps in lateral view of Guanchia schmitzi

(BORELLI). Original.

(BORELLI). Original.

Fig. 895 Holotype genital armature of Guanchia schmitzi (BORELLI). Original.

566 along suture, posterior margin scarcely truncate posteriorly; wings absent. Metatarsus about three and a half times as long as the length of tarsomeron mediale with euplantula. Abdomen somewhat widened medially, depressed; lateral glandular folds on third tergite small, those on 4th tergite large. Ultimate tergite strongly transverse, depressed medially near posterior margin. Pygidium characteristic, very large, directed postero-dorsally, posterior margin convex with numerous small tubercles. Forceps (Fig. 893) short and broad, widely separated at base, smooth; branches more or less straight medially and straight in lateral view (Fig. 894). Genitalia (Fig. 895, gen. prep. No. 521, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) characteristic, not of Guanchia-type; central parameral plate large and broad, virga within genital lobe very long, with a strongly sclerotized basal vesicle; external parameres as in Fig. 895. - Female similar to male, but forceps simple, straight, broad at base, narrowed distally, contiguous. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 8 - 1 1 mm. Distribution: Madeira. 10.

Guanchia canariensis

(BURR)

1905 Forficula canadensis BURR, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (7) 16: 493. - Terra typica: Tenerife (Type male: Brit. Mus. nat. Hist., London). 1911 Guanchia canariensis - BURR, Genera Insectorum Bruxelles, 122: 80. 1968 Guanchia canariensis - BRINDLE, Ark. Zool., Uppsala, 22 (3): 146; fig. 1 (pronotum), 2 (male forceps). 1978 Guanchia canariensis - MARTIN, Mus. Ins. Cienc. nat. (Zool.), 1:15; pi. 1, fig. 2 (male ultimate tergite with forceps), pi. 3, fig. 2 (pronotum and tegmina), pi. 4, fig. 2 (female forceps). Literature: BOESEMAN, 1 9 5 4 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 9 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 .

Fig. 896 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Guanchia canariensis (BURR). After MARTIN.

Fig. 897 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Guanchia canariensis (BURR). After MARTIN.

567 Description: Male general colour dark reddish-brown; legs yellow; sometimes the lateral margins of pronotum lighter. Abdominal tergites punctured. Head large, a little longer than broad, tumid; postfrontal and coronal sutures present, posterior margin of head convex. Eyes normally developed, but shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint typical, shorter than distance between antennal bases. Pronotum somewhat longer than wide, sometimes quadrate, lateral margins straight and parallel, posterior margin convex; median longitudinal furrow indistinct. Tegmina short, about as long as pronotum measured along suture, posterior margin obliquely truncate; wings absent. Abdomen widened medially, depressed, lateral glandular folds on third tergite small, those on fourth large. Ultimate tergite strongly transverse, simple, somewhat depressed medially near posterior margin. Pygidium small, rounded. Both branches of forceps various in size, generally elongate (Fig. 896), flattened basally, forming a rectangular inner flange; the distal end of the flange ending in a blunt tooth; the inner margins of the flange are irregularly crenulated and excavated at base. - Female very similar to male, but forceps (Fig. 897) simple, elongate, slender, somewhat depressed basally, cylindrical apically. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 12-18 mm. Distribution: Canary Islands. 11.

Guanchia uxoris

(HELLER)

1907 Forficula uxoris HELLER, Dt. ent. Z., 1907: 525. - Terra typica: Tenerife (Type male, gen. prep. N o . 659, d e t . D r . H . STEINMANN: MUS. T i e r k u n d e , D r e s d e n ) .

1911 Guanchia uxoris - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 80. 1968 Guanchia uxoris - BRINDLE, Ark. Zool., Uppsala, 22 (3): 146; fig. 6 (male forceps). 1978 Guanchia uxoris -MARTIN, MUS. Ins. Cienc. nat. (Zool.), 1:19; pi. 1,fig.4 (male ultimate tergite with forceps), pi. 3, fig. 4 (pronotum and tegmina), pi. 4, fig. 4 (female forceps). Literature: POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1969; SAKAI, 1973, 1982.

Description: Male general colour yellowish-brown, sometimes reddish-brown; antennae and legs lighter in colour; head blackish. Cuticle of abdominal tergites faintly punctured. Head large, broad, tumid; postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct, posterior margin convex. Eyes small, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint small, strongly narrowed basally, shorter than distance between antennal bases. Pronotum almost quadrate (according to description, but figure shows the pronotum as transverse), in holotype somewhat transverse; lateral margins straight and parallel, posterior margin convex; median longitudinal furrow indistinct. Tegmina short, but somewhat longer than pronotum measured along suture; posterior margins obliquely truncate. Abdomen widened medially, depressed; lateral glandular folds on third tergite very small, those on fourth tergite large. Ultimate tergite strongly transverse, simple, depressed medially near posterior margin. Pygidium small, rounded or hidden. Forceps (Fig. 898) with very long inner basal flange; the distal end of the flange angularly excised; the inner margins of the flange concave. Genitalia (Fig. 899,

568 gen. prep. No. 659, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) large; central parameral plate comparatively short and wide, expanded medially; virga within genital lobe short, of Forficula-type; external parameres moderately long, fully developed. Female very similar to male, but forceps (Fig. 900) simple, straight, the branches depressed basally and medially, cylindrical apically. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 15.5-17 mm. Distribution: Canary Islands.

Fig. 898 Holotype ultimate tergite with forceps of Guachia uxoris (HELLER). Original.

Fig. 899 Holotype genital armature of Guanchia uxoris (HELLER). Original.

12. Guanchia guancharia

Fig. 900 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Guanchia uxoris (HELLER). After MARTIN.

(HELLER)

1907 Forficula guaticharia HELLER, Dt. ent. Z., 1907: 525; fig. 1 (male in dorsal view). - Terra typica: Tenerife (Type male, gen. prep. No. 660, det. Dr. H . STEINMANN, MUS. Tierkunde, Dresden). 1911 Guanchia guancharia - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 80. 1978 Guanchia guancharia - MARTIN, MUS. Ins. Cienc. nat. (Zool.), 1: 17; pi. 2, fig. 3 (male ultimate tergite with forceps), pi. 3, fig. 3 (pronotum and tegmina), pi. 4, fig. 3 (female forceps). 1983 Guanchia guancharia -STEINMANN, Reichenbachia, 21 (7): 55; fig. 17 (holotype ultimate tergite with forceps), 18 (genitalia of holotype). Literature: BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 ; CHOPARD, 1 9 4 2 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 9 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 .

Description: Male general colour dark yellowish-brown, rather shiny; lateral margins of pronotum, legs and forceps, yellow; antennae dark brown, basal joints yellow; sometimes inner margins of forceps with dilated basal flange of male, black. Head an thoracal nota smooth, finely coriaceous, abdomen with scattered punctures, basal part of posterior abdominal tergites punctured, but

569 posterior margins smooth, shiny. Head large, tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct, posterior margin convex. Eyes typical, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint small, shorter than distance between antennal bases. Pronotum transverse, somewhat widened posteriorly, lateral margins straight, posterior margin convex; median longitudinal furrow indistinct. Tegmina short, about as long as pronotum measured along suture or somewhat shorter; posterior margins obliquely truncate. Abdomen widened medially, depressed; lateral glandular folds on third tergite smaller, those on fourth larger. Ultimate tergite very transverse, simple, somewhat depressed medially near posterior margin. Pygidium very small. Forceps (Fig. 901) characteristic, not of Guanchia-type, branches strongly dilated basally, but not forming Guanchia-type rectangular flange; the inner margins of the dilated portion are irregularly crenulated. Genitalia (Fig. 902) of Forfícula-type; central parameral plate oval, virga within genital lobe with characteristic curvature near basal vesicle; external parameres elongated, rounded apically. - Female similar to male, but forceps (Fig. 903) simple, typical; outer margin of female forceps specific, dark brown. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 9 - 1 2 mm. Distribution: Canary Islands.

Fig. 901 Holotype ultimate tergite with forceps of Guanchia guancharia (HELLER). Original.

Fig. 902 Holotype genital armature of Guanchia guancharia (HELLER). Original.

13. Guanchia fernandezi

Fig. 903 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Guanchia guancharia (HELLER). After MARTIN.

MARTIN

1978 Guanchia fernandezi MARTIN, M U S . Ins. Cienc. nat. (Zool.), 1: 26; pi. 2, fig. 9 (male ultimate tergite with forceps), pi. 3, fig. 9 (pronotum and tegmina), pi. 4, fig. 9 (female ultimate tergite with forceps). - Terra typica: Tenerife (Type male: MARTIN'S Collection).

Description: Male general colour dark yellowish-brown, shiny; lateral margins

570 of pronotum, legs and forceps yellow; antennae brown. Cuticle coriaceous, abdominal tergites punctured. Head typical, tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct, posterior margin convex. Eyes moderately small, rather shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint small, shorter than distance between antennal bases. Pronotum transverse, widened posteriorly, anterior margin transversely truncate, lateral margins straight, posterior margin convex; median longitudinal furrow indistinct. Tegmina short, about as long as pronotum measured along suture. Abdomen depressed, somewhat widened medially; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct, the third smaller, the fourth larger. Ultimate tergite strongly transverse, typical, depressed medially near posterior margin. Pygidium small. Forceps (Fig. 904) flattened basally, forming a shorter, rectangular inner flange, the distal end of the flange ending smoothly; the inner margins of the flange being irregularly crenulated and excavated at the base. - Female similar to male, but forceps (Fig. 905) straight, tapering, contiguous, simple. - Length of body with forceps, male: 17-22 mm, female: 14-17 mm. Distribution: Canary Islands.

Fig. 904 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Guanchia fernandezi MARTIN. After MARTIN.

Fig. 905 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Guanchia fernandezi MARTIN. After MARTIN.

14. Guanchia cabrerae

(BOLIVAR)

1893 Forficula cabrerae BOLIVAR, An. Soc. esp. nat. Hist., 22: 3.-Terratypica: Canary Islands (Type unknown). 1900 Forficula cabrerae - BORMANS & KRAUSS, Das Tierreich, Berlin, 11:127; fig. 46a (male in dorsal view), 46b (female forceps).

571 1978 Guanchia cabrerae - MARTIN, MUS. Ins. Cinenc. nat. (Zool.), 1: 13; pi. 1, fig. 1 (male ultimate tergite with forceps), pi. 3, fig. 1 (pronotum and tegmina), pi. 4, fig. 1 (female forceps). L i t e r a t u r e : BRINDLE, 1 9 6 8 ; BURR, 1 9 0 7 , 1 9 1 1 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 .

Description: Male general colour dark brown to dark reddish-brown; tegmina dark yellowish, lateral margins of pronotum lighter brown or yellow. Head comparatively small, rounded, tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures faintly visisble, posterior margin more or less straight, or concave in the middle. Eyes small, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint short, narrowed basally, widened apically, shorter than distance between antennal bases. Pronotum strongly transverse, anterior margin transversely truncate, lateral margins straight, posterior margin convex; all angles rounded and the plate widened posteriorly. Tegmina short, posterior margins obliquely truncate. Abdomen depressed, widened medially; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct. Ultimate tergite transverse, simple, somewhat depressed medially near posterior margin. Pygidium small. Forceps (Fig. 906) flattened basally, cylindrical medially and apically; branches forming a shorter rectangular inner flange basally, the inner margins of the flange being irregularly crenulated. - Female similar to male, but branches of forceps (Fig. 907) straight, somewhat depressed, simple. - Lenght of body with forceps, in both sexes: 13-17 mm. Distribution: Canary Islands.

Fig. 906 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Guanchia cabrerae (BOLIVAR). After MARTIN.

Fig. 907 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Guanchia cabrerae (BOLIVAR). After MARTIN.

15. Guanchia tenerifensis

MARTIN

1978 Guanchia tenerifensis MARTIN, MUS. Ins. Cienc. nat. (Zool.), 1: 22; pi. 2, fig. 7 (male ultimate tergite with forceps), pi. 3, fig. 7 (pronotum and tegmina), pi. 4, fig. 7 (female forceps). - Terra typica: Tenerife (Type male: MARTIN'S Collection).

572 Description: Male very similar to canariensis (BURR). General colour dark reddish-brown; pronotum and legs yellowish. Cuticle coriaceous, abdominal tergites faintly punctured. Head large, broad, tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct, posterior margin concave in the middle. Eyes very small, essentially shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint small, shorter than distance between antennal bases. Pronotum transverse, somewhat widened posteriorly, anterior margin concave, lateral margins faintly convex, posterior margin strongly convex; median longitudinal furrow indistinct. Tegmina very short, shorter than the pronotum measured along suture; posterior margins obliquely truncate. Abdomen normally developed, somewhat depressed; lateral glandular folds on third tergite smaller, those on fourth larger. Ultimate tergite strongly transverse, simple. Pygidium very small. Forceps (Fig. 908) well developed; flattened basally, forming a rectangular inner flange, the distal end of the flange ending smoothly; the inner margins of the flange irregularly crenulated. - Female very similar to male, but forceps (Fig. 909) slender, contiguous, somewhat depressed, simple. - Length of body with forceps, male: 16 mm, female: 11.5 mm. Distribution: Canary Islands.

Guanchia tenerifensis MARTIN. After MARTIN.

of Guanchia tenerifensis MARTIN. After MARTIN.

16.

Guanchia bandamaensis

MARTIN

1978 Guanchia bandamaensis MARTIN, M U S . Ins. Cienc. nat. (Zool.), 1: 24; pi. 2, fig. 8 (male ultimate tergite with forceps), pi. 3, fig. 8 (pronotum and tegmina), pi. 4, fig. 8 (female forceps). - Terra typica: Pica de Bandama (Type male: MARTIN'S Collection).

Description: Male general colour dark reddish-brown; antennae brown; pronotum and legs yellowish; forceps light brownish-red. Head somewhat longer

573 than wide, tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct, posterior margin somewhat concave in the middle. Eyes very small, essentially shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint typical, shorter than distance between antennal bases. Pronotum longer than wide, anterior margin somewhat concave, lateral margins straight, somewhat widened posteriorly, posterior margin convex; all angles rounded; median longitudinal furrow indistinct. Tegmina very short, about as long as pronotum measured along lateral margin; posterior margins obliquely truncate. Abdomen somewhat widened medially, depressed, tergites faintly punctured; lateral glandular folds on third tergite small, indistinct, those on fourth large. Ultimate tergite transverse, depressed medially near posterior margin. Pygidium small, rounded posteriorly. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 910) comparatively short, strongly curved; flattened basally, forming a shorter rectangular inner flange, the inner margins of the flange parallel and irregularly crenulated; the distal end of the flange ending smoothly or in a blunt tooth. - Female similar to male, but forceps (Fig. 911) slender, depressed basally, cylindrical medially and apically; branches regularly curved to apex. - Length of body with forceps, male: 14 mm, female: 13 mm. Distribution: Canary Islands.

Fig. 910 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Guanchia bandamaensis MARTIN. After

Fig. 911 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Guanchia bandamaensis MARTIN. After

MARTIN.

MARTIN.

17. Guanchia transversa

BRINDLE

1968 Guanchia transversa BRINDLE, Ark. Zool., Uppsala, 22 (3): 147; fig. 3 (pronotum and tegmina), 4 (male forceps). - Terra typica: Hierro (Type male: Naturhist. Riksmus., Stockholm). Literature: SAKAI, 1973, 1982.

Description: Male general colour dark reddish-brown; lateral margins of pronotum and legs, yellow; antennae dark brown, basal joints lighter in colour.

574 Abdomen rather strongly punctured, more slightly so on basal segments and on posterior margins of all tergites. Head transverse, tumid, with two small depressions between the bases of the antennae; lateral margins of head smoothly rounded into posterior margin, postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct. Eyes small, less than length of head behind eyes. Antennae 12-jointed; first joint rather shorter than distance between antennal bases, second joint quadrate, third longer, about two and a half times as long as wide. Pronotum transverse, lateral margins parallel, posterior margin slightly convex; median longitudinal furrow indistinct. Tegmina short, rather longer than pronotum, the tegmina overlapping but leaving visible a small triangular scutellum; posterior margins obliquely truncate. Abdomen rather strongly punctured, and depressed; a little widened medially; lateral glandular folds on third tergite small, those on fourth large. Ultimate tergite transverse, posterior margin more or less straight but with two small low tubercles above the base of each branch of the forceps. Pygidium small. Forceps (Fig. 912) depressed anteriorly, and more or less cylindrical in crosssection posteriorly; branches flattened basally, forming a well-developed rectangular inner flange, the inner margin of the flange parallel and crenulated. Femalel similar to male, but ultimate tergite narrower, and narrowing posteriorly; forceps (Fig. 913) with each branch straight, broader at base, evenly tapered distally, inner margins crenulate. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 14 mm. Distribution: Canary Islands.

Fig. 912 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Guanchia transversa BRINDLE. After BRINDLE.

Fig. 913 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Guanchia transversa BRINDLE. Original.

575 18. Guanchia storai CHOPARD Guanchia storai CHOPARD, SOC. Sci. Fenn. Comm. biol., 8 ( 4 ) : 13; fig. 8 (male forceps). - Terra typica: Canary Islands (Type male: Zool. Mus., Helsingfors). 1974 Guanchia storai - JOHNSEN, Contr. Derm. Orth., Canary Isl.: 37; fig. 10A (pronotum and tegmina), 10B (female forceps), IOC (pronotum of 2nd instar), 10D (pronotum of 3rd instar), 10E (pronotum of 4th instar), 10F (nymph forceps). 1978 Guanchia storai - MARTIN, MUS. Ins. Cienc. nat. (Zool.), 1: 20; pi. 2,fig.5 (male ultimate tergite with forceps), pi. 3, fig. 5 (pronotum and tegmina), pi. 4, fig. 5 (female forceps). 1942

L i t e r a t u r e : BRINDLE: 1 9 6 8 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 .

Description: Male dark yellowish-brown, rather shiny; lateral margins of pronotum, legs, basal antennal joints, and forceps yellow; inner margins of dilated basal part of forceps blackish. Head, pronotum and tegmina smooth, finely coriaceous, abdominal tergites punctured, shiny. Head large, broad, tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct, posterior margin concave in the middle. Eyes typical, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint small, shorter than distance between antennal bases. Pronotum transverse, lateral margins faintly convex, the plate widened posteriorly; posterior margin convex; median longitudinal furrow indistinct. Tegmina short, posterior margins obliquely truncate. Abdomen widened medially, lateral glandular folds on third tergite smaller, those on fourth larger. Ultimate tergite strongly transverse, depressed medially near posterior margin. Pygidium very small. Forceps (Fig. 914) resemble those of cabrerae (BOLIVAR), but the distal part is more strongly curved; branches flattened basally. The distal end of the flange ends smoothly or in a blunt tooth; the inner margins of the flange parallel and crenulated. - Female very similar to male, but forceps (Fig. 915) specific; branches somewhat flattened basally, forming a triangular inner flange; distal

Fig.914 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Guanchia storai CHOPARD. After MARTIN.

Fig. 915 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Guanchia storai CHOPARD. After MARTIN.

576 part cylindrical, regularly curved. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 13-14mm. Distribution: Canary Islands. 19.

Guanchia gomerensis

MARTIN

1978 Guanchia gomerensis MARTIN, M U S . Ins. Cienc. nat. (Zool.), 1: 27; pi. 2, fig. 9 (male ultimate tergite with forceps), pi. 3, fig. 9 (pronotum and tegmina), pi. 4, fig. 9 (female forceps). - Terra typica: Canary Islands (Type male: MARTIN'S Collection).

Description: Male very similar to canariensis (BURR). General colour dark reddish-brown; lateral margins of pronotum, and legs yellowish, forceps light brown; antennae brown. Head somewhat longer than wide, tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures present, posterior margin of head concave in the middle. Eyes typical, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint small, significantly shorter than distance between antennal bases. Pronotum strongly transverse, lateral margins faintly convex, the plate widened posteriorly; last margin rounded; median longitudinal furrow present. Tegmina short, about as long as pronotum measured along lateral margin; posterior margins obliquely truncate. Abdomen depressed, widened medially, tergites punctured, and shiny; lateral glandular folds on third tergite small, those on fourth tergite large. Ultimate tergite strongly transverse, depressed medially near posterior margin, posterior margin trisinuate. Pygidium very small, rounded. Forceps (Fig. 916) strongly curved distally and flattened basally; the rectangular inner flange large and broad, inner margins of the flange more or less parallel and crenulated. -

Fig. 916 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Guanchia gomerensis MARTIN. After MARTIN.

Fig. 917 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Guanchia gomerensis MARTIN. After MARTIN.

577 Female similar to male, but forceps (Fig. 917) slender, branches somewhat widened basally, cylindrical in cross-section medially and apically. - Length of body with forceps, male: 18 mm, female: 17 mm. Distribution: Canary Islands. 20.

Guanchia kaznakovi

(SEMENOV)

comb. nov.

1903 Forfícula caucasica SEMENOV, Revue Russ. ent., 1903:198.-Terra typica: Caucasus (Type male: unknown locality). 1908 Forficula kaznakovi SEMENOV, Revue Russ. ent., 1908: 168 (new name for Forfícula caucasica SEMENOV, 1903, a junior secondary homonymy of Forficula caucasica KOLENATI, 1846). 1936 Forficula caucasica - BEY-BIENKO, Faune del'URSS, Dermaptera: 134; fig. 36 (male in dorsal view). L i t e r a t u r e : BURR, 1 9 1 1 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 .

Description: Male general colour dark reddish-brown; antennae brown, lateral margins of pronotum and legs light brown. Cuticle coriaceous, shiny, abdominal tergites punctured. Head large, broad, wider than pronotum; postfrontal and coronal sutures present, more or less well marked; posterior margin concave in the middle. Eyes comparatively large, prominent, but a little shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint moderately long, about as long as distance between antennal bases. Pronotum longer than wide, lateral margins more or less straight and parallel, posterior margin convex; median longitudinal furrow distinct. Tegmina moderately elongate, somewhat longer than pronotum measured along suture; posterior margins obliquely truncate. Abdomen widened medially, tergites with sparse hairs; lateral glandular folds on third tergite small,

Fig. 918 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Guanchia kaznakovi (SEMENOV). Original.

Fig. 919 Male genital armature of Guanchia kaznakovi (SEMENOV). Original.

578 those on fourth large. Ultimate tergite transverse, depressed medially near posterior margin. Pygidium small, rounded. Forceps (Fig. 918) comparatively long, less curved; branches cylindrical apically, and flattened basally, forming a rectangular flange, the inner margins of the flange parallel and irregularly crenulated; the distal end of the flange ends smoothly or in a blunt tooth. Genitalia (Fig. 919, gen. prep. No. 527, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) elongate; unpaired genital lobe also well developed, otherwise morphologically typical. Virga within genital lobe long, basal vesicle of Forficula-type; external parameres well developed, rounded apically. - Female similar to male, but forceps simple, tapering, contiguous. - Length of body with forceps, male: 13-17 mm, female: ll-14mm. Distribution: Caucasus. 21.

1893 Forficula circinata nation. Hist, nat., 1911 Guanchia circinata Literature: BORMANS &

Guanchia circinata

(FINOT)

FINOT, Bull. Soc. ent. Fr., 62: 28. - Terra typica: Algeria (Type male: Mus. Paris). - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 80.

KRAUSS, 1 9 0 0 ; AGACINO, 1 9 5 1 ; BURR, 1 9 0 7 ; FINOT, 1 8 9 5 ; KIRBY, 1 9 0 4 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 9 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 7 8 .

Description: Male general colour yellowish-brwon; legs lighter, antennae brown; abdominal tergites somewhat reddish. Head broad, tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures present, posterior margin covex. Eyes normally developed, but somewhat shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint shorter than distance between antennal bases. Pronotum somewhat narrower than the head, lateral margins more or less straight, posterior margin convex; median longitudinal furrow distinct. Tegmina of Guanchia-type, posterior margins obliquely truncate. Abdomen widened medially, tergites faintly punctured and shiny; lateral glandular folds on third tergite smaller, those on fourth tergite larger. Ultimate tergite strongly transverse, depressed medially near posterior margin. Pygidium small, rounded. Forceps yellowish-brown basally and blackish-brown apically; branches flattened basally, forming a typical rectangular inner flange, the inner margins of the flange being irregularly crenulated and excavated at the base. - Female very similar to male, but forceps of female-type, slender, straight, simple, tapering. - Length of body with forceps, male: 15-16 mm, female: 11-12 mm. Distribution: Algeria, Morocco, and Spain. 22. Guanchia pubescens (GENE) comb. nov. 1837 Forficula pubescens GENE (nec BORMANS, 1881), Ann. Sci. Regn. Lomb.-Venet., 7: 85. - Terra typica: Sardinia (Type: sexes not cited, unknown locality). 1853 Forficula setulosa FIEBER, Lotos, 3: 256. - Terra typica: Portugal (Type female: unknown locality).

579 1856 Forficula yersini BARNEVTLLE, in Yersin, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., (3) 4: 741. - Terra typica: unknown (Type unknown). 1881 Forficula pubescens var. yersini - BORMANS, Ann. Soc. ent. Belg., 25: 27. 1910 Forficula pubescens var. mitis NAVAS, Bull. Inst. Catal., 7: 34 (Spain). 1968 Forficula pubescens - TAGLIANTI, Ric. sulla Fauna Apenn., 94: 32; fig. 2 (male genitalia), 4 (pronotum and tegmina), 7 (male forceps) (Italy). 1974 Forficula pubescens - STEINMANN, Fauna Hung., 118:43; fig. 30E (pronotum and tegmina), 30F (male forceps), 30G (male genitalia), 30H (female forceps) (Iberian Peninsula, south France, Corsica, Sardinia, Mallorca, Italy, Sicily, Balkan Peninsula, Syria). Literature: AGACINO, 1 9 5 1 ; AZAM, 1 9 0 1 ; BEY-BIENKO, 1 9 3 6 ; BORELLI, 1 9 0 5 ; BORMANS & KRAUSS, 1 9 0 0 ; BURR, 1 9 1 1 , 1 9 1 2 ; CHOPARD: 1 9 2 2 ; DOHRN, 1 8 6 5 ; FINOT, 1 8 9 0 ; HOULBERT, 1 9 0 0 ; JAKOBSON, 1 9 0 5 ; KARNY, 1 9 0 8 ; KIRBY, 1 9 0 4 ; MENOZZI, 1 9 2 1 , 1 9 3 6 ; HERTER, 1 9 6 4 ; FERNANDES, 1 9 6 5 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 9 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; ZACHER, 1 9 1 2 .

Description: Male light yellowish-brown to brownish-red; forceps light yellow with darker margins; shiny. Head rounded, normally developed, tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct, posterior margin convex. Eyes comparatively small, essentially shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint short, cylindrical, shorter than distance between antennal bases. Pronotum more or less quadrate, anterior margin transversely truncate, lateral margins straight and parallel, posterior margin faintly convex; median longitudinal furrow present. Tegmina short, about as long as pronotum measured along suture, or shorter, posterior margins obliquely truncate. Abdomen comparatively short, broad, depressed and widened medially; lateral glandular folds on third tergite small, those on fourth tergite large. Ultimate tergite transverse, depressed medially near posterior margin, the plate with two smaller or larger blunt tubercles near median depression. Pygidium small. Forceps (Fig. 920) fully developed, elongate, flattened portion or inner basal

Fig. 920 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Guanchia pubescens (GENE). Original.

Fig. 921 Male genital armature of Guanchia pubescens (GENE). Original.

Fig. 922 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Guanchia pubescens (GENE). Original.

580 flange very long, longer than half of the branches; inner margins of the flange generally concave, and the distal end of the flange ornamented with a sharp, but small, tooth. Genitalia (Fig. 921) various in size and shape; central parameral plate moderately wide, lateral margins strongly or poorly convex, virga within genital lobe medium-size or shorter, basal vesicle smaller or larger, external parameres generally narrow. - Female similar to male, but ultimate tergite simple, smooth, and forceps (Fig. 922) straight, contiguous, simple; branches more or less oval or cylindrical in cross-section. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 10-15 mm. Distribution: South and east Mediterranean subregion. 23.

Guanchia obtusangula

(KRAUSS)

comb. nov.

1904 Forfícula obtnsangula KRAUSS, Sber. Akad. Wiss. bóhm. math.-naturw., Prag, 1904:10.-Terra typica: Montenegro [Type male: KRAUSS'S Collection (Tübingen?)]. 1911 Forfícula obtusangula-BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 81 [incorrect synonymy with pubescens (GENE, 1839)]. 1918 Forfícula obtusangula - CRAVERO, Boll. Musei Zool. Anat. comp. R. Univ. Torino, 33 (730): 3; fig. 3 (male genitalia). 1933 Forfícula obtusangula - MACCAGNO, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. R. Univ. Torino, 43 (40): 291; fig. 18a (male genitalia), 18b (male forceps). 1968 Forfícula obtusangula - TAGLIANTI, Mem. Mus. civ. Stor. nat. Verona, 16: 31; fig. 1 (male genitalia), 3 (pronotum and tegmina), 5 (male forceps, macrolabic form), 6 (ditto, microlabic form). L i t e r a t u r e : MENOZZI, 1 9 3 6 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 9 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 .

Description: Male general colour yellowish-brown; lateral margins of pronotum and legs yellow or yellowish; shiny. Head rounded, somewhat longer than

Fig. 923 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Guanchia obtusangula (KRAUSS). Original.

Fig. 924 Male genital armature of Guanchia obtusangula (KRAUSS). After TAGLIANTI.

581 wide, tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures distinct, posterior margin convex. Eyes normally developed, but somewhat shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint small, shorter than distance between antennal bases. Pronotum transverse, lateral margins faintly convex, sometimes straight, and more or less parallel, posterior margin convex; median longitudinal furrow indistinct. Tegmina short, about as long as pronotum measured along suture; posterior margin obliquely truncate. Abdomen depressed, widened medially; lateral glandular folds on third tergite small, those on fourth large. Ultimate tergite transverse, depressed medially near posterior margin. Pygidium small, broadly rounded posteriorly. Forceps various in size, the macrolabic form (Fig. 923) very long, slender, flattened portion comparatively narrow, the flange narrowed posteriorly, the distal end of the flange ending smoothly, or in a smaller blunt tooth. Forceps of microlabic form shorter, but inner basal flange very similar to macrolabic form. The inner margins of the flange are irregularly crenulated and excavate at the base. Genitalia (Fig. 924) slender, central parameral plate narrow, virga within genital lobe short, of Forficula-type; external parameres normally developed, broadly rounded apically. - Female very similar to male, but forceps slender, straight and simple. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 11-16 mm. Distribution: South Europe: Italy with Sicily, Yugoslavia, and Syria. 24.

Guanchia brignolii

(TAGLIANTI)

comb. nov.

1974 Forficula brignolii TAGLIANTI, Fragm. ent. Roma, 10 (1): 53; fig. 1 (pronotum and tegmina), 2 (male ultimate tergite with forceps), 3 (genitalia of holotype). - Terra typica: Lebanon (Type male: Inst. Zool. Univ., Roma). L i t e r a t u r e : SAKAI, 1 9 8 2 .

Description: Male general colour reddish-brown, lateral margins of pronotum yellowish; legs lighter brown. Head broad, large, tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct, posterior margin convex. Eyes small, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae 12-jointed; first joint small, shorter than distance between antennal bases. Pronotum transverse, widened posteriorly; anterior margin truncate, lateral margins faintly convex, posterior margin angularly convex; median longitudinal furrow distinct and long. Tegmina short, about as long as pronotum measured along suture, posterior margins obliquely truncate. Abdomen depressed, widened medially, and comparatively short; lateral glandular folds on third tergite smaller, those on fourth tergite larger. Ultimate tergite strongly transverse, depressed medially near posterior margin. Pygidium small, rounded posteriorly. Forceps (Fig. 925) similar to pubescens (GENE); branches without typical inner basal flange, but depressed on basal half, the depressed portion narrowing posteriorly, with a sharp inner tooth medially. Genitalia (Fig. 926) well developed; central parameral plate short and broad, virga within genital lobe medium-size, with strongly sclerotized basal vesicle; external

582

Fig. 925 Holotype ultimate tergite with forceps of Guanchia brignolii (TAGLIANTI).

Fig. 926 Holotype genital armature of Guanchia brignolii (TAGLIANTI). After

After TAGLIANTI.

TAGLIANTI.

parameres fully developed, rounded apically. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 14.5 mm. Distribution: Lebanon. 25. Guanchia hincksi (BURR) comb. nov. 1947 Forficula hincksi BURR, Proc. R. ent. Soc. London, (B) 16: 64; fig. 1 (male forceps in dorsal view), 2 (ditto, in lateral view), 5 (genitalia of holotype). - Terra typica: Turkey (Type male: Brit. Mus. Nat. Hist., London). Literature: BURR, 1 9 5 2 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 9 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; WEIDNER, 1 9 5 7 .

Description: Male reddish-yellow, darkening to deep brown posteriorly; head light brown; tegmina yellow; legs yellowish. Head, pronotum, tegmina smooth, abdominal tergites finely punctulate; almost hairless. Head rounded, tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures discernible, posterior margin convex. Eyes small, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint small, shorter than distance between antennal bases. Pronotum rectangular, distinctly wider than long; lateral margins more or less straight, posterior margin convex; median longitudinal furrow distinct. Tegmina short, obliquely truncate posteriorly. Abdomen broad, depressed, widened medially; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 prominent. Ultimate tergite transverse, deep red, the posterior margin blackened; dorsally, the margin is thickened and slightly raised on each side of the middle sulcus, behind which there is a slight depression; a small area on each side of the middle line is free from puncturation. Pygidium prominent, large, slightly wider than long. Forceps (Fig. 927) dilated for almost half the length; this portion excavated to accomodate the pygidium, the inner faces of the two branches then contiguous and denticulate, this portion ending in a blunt

583 tooth; inner margins of the basal flange strongly crenulated. Genitalia (Fig. 928) narrow and long; central parameral plate moderately short, virga within genital lobe elongate; the basal vesicle strongly sclerotized; external parameres fully developed. - Female similar to male, but straight, tapering, inner margins minutely denticulate, tips incurved. - Length of body with forceps, male: l l - 1 4 m m , female: 11-15mm. Distribution: Turkey.

Fig. 927 Holotype ultimate tergite with forceps of Guanchia hincksi (BURR). After

Fig. 928 Holotype genital armature of Guanchia hincksi (BURR). After BURR.

BURR.

26.

Guanchia medica

BURR

1911 Guanchia medica BURR, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 1911: 793. - Terra typica: India (Type male: Brit. Mus. Nat. Hist., London). Literature: BURR, 1 9 1 4 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 9 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 .

Description: Male general colour light brownish-red; tegmina and forceps yellowish-brown; legs yellow. Head, pronotum and tegmina smooth, abdominal tergites faintly punctured, shiny. Head somewhat longer than wide, tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures distinct, posterior margin convex. Eyes typical, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint small, shorter than distance between antennal bases. Pronotum rectangular, faintly widened posteriorly, lateral margins more or less straight, posterior margin convex; median longitudinal furrow present. Tegmina short, about as long as pronotum measured along suture; posterior margin obliquely truncate. Abdomen depressed, widened medially; lateral glandular folds on third tergite smaller, those on fourth tergite larger. Ultimate tergite strongly transverse, depressed medially

584

near posterior margin. Pygidium small, rounded posteriorly. Forceps normally developed; flattened basally, forming a rectangular inner flange, the distal end of the flange ending in a blunt tooth; the inner margins of the flange irregularly crenulated and excavated at the base. - Female unknown. Length of body with forceps: 9 - 1 2 mm. Distribution: South India. 27.

Guanchia lucens

(BRINDLE)

comb. nov.

1975 Forficula lucens BRINDLE, Ent. Basil., 1: 48; fig. 56 (male in dorsal view), 57 (female forceps). Terra typica: Bhutan (Type male: Brit. Mus. Nat. Hist., London). 1982 Forficula lucens - SRIVASTAVA, Ent. Basil., 7: 69; fig. 7 (male genitalia). Literature: SRIVASTAVA, 1983.

Description: Male reddish- or yellowish-brown to blackish-brown, rather variable in colour, shiny, especially abdominal tergites; pronotum yellow laterally; antennae dark brown, legs yellow. Cuticle smooth anteriorly, but abdominal tergites closely and almost uniformly punctured, punctures closer together on distal tergites. Head transverse, tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures distinct, posterior margin convex. Eyes small, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint very small, essentially shorter than distance between antennal bases. Pronotum transverse, lateral margins straight, posterior margin convex; median longitudinal furrow present. Tegmina short, posterior margins obliquely truncate. Abdomen depressed, widened medially; lateral glandular folds on third tergite very small, those on fourth relatively large.

Fig. 929 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Guanchia lucens (BRINDLE). After BRINDLE.

Fig. 930 Holotype genital armature of Guanchia lucens (BRINDLE). A f t e r SRIVASTAVA.

Fig. 931 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Guanchia lucens (BRINDLE). After BRINDLE.

585 Ultimate tergite strongly transverse, somewhat depressed medially near posterior margin. Pygidium short and rounded. Forceps (Fig. 929) flattened basally, cylindrical in cross-section apically; the inner margins of the flange irregularly dentated; a rounded longitudinal ridge occurs on basal part of branch medially; distal part of branch cylindrical and curved. Genialia (Fig. 930) comparatively small; central parameral plate narrowed basally, widened apically, virga within genital lobe moderately long; external parameres well developed. - Female as in male, but ultimate tergite narrower; both branches of forceps (Fig. 931) slender, simple, with inner margins scarcely dentated; pygidium declivent, rounded dorsally, rectangular vertrally. - Length of body with forceps, male: 10-11 mm, female: 8 - 9 mm. Distribution: Bhutan. 28. Guanchia distendens (BRINDLE) comb. nov. 1975 Forficula distendens BRINDLE, Ent. Basil., 1:47; fig. 54 (male in dorsal view), 55 (female forceps). - Terra typica: Bhutan (Type male: Mus. Manchester). L i t e r a t u r e : SAKAI, 1 9 8 2 .

Description: Male blackish-brown or dark reddish-brown, head partly or entirely reddish or reddish-yellow; antennae dark brown; legs brown, femora darker. Cuticle of head smooth, rest of body corianceous, abdominal tergites 1 - 5 punctured and those on tergites 2 - 4 tending to form transverse striations, largely towards the base; tergites 6 - 7 coarsely coriaceous. Head transverse, tumid except for a slight depression on vertex, postfrontal and coronal sutures distinct, posterior margin of head convex. Eyes moderately large, but shorter

Fig. 932 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Guanchia distendens (BRINDLE). After

Fig. 933 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Guanchia distendens (BRINDLE). After

BRINDLE.

BRINDLE.

586 than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joints small, shorter than distance between antennal bases. Pronotum strongly transverse, lateral margins almost straight, posterior margin weakly convex; median longitudinal furrow present. Tegmina short, posterior margins obliquely truncate. Abdomen moderately long, almost parallel-sided, somewhat depressed; lateral glandular folds on third tergite very small, those on fourth small. Ultimate tergite transverse, with a median depression near posterior margin. Pygidium blunt, triangular. Forceps (Fig. 932) almost straight, with a large inner basal flange, the flange with a low, rounded longitudinal ridge medially, margins of flange darkened and with small crenulations, distal part of branch cylindrical or nearly so, inner margins somewhat flattened. - Female similar to male, but both branches of forceps (Fig. 933) simple, broad at base and excised at extreme base, narrowed distally, inner margins finely dentated; pygidium declivent, ventral surface rectangular. Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 12-15 mm. Distribution: Bhutan.

29. Guanchia uvarovi (SEMENOV & BEY-BIENKO) comb. nov. 1935 Forficula uvarovi SEMENOV & BEY-BIENKO, EOS, Madrid, 10: 227. - Terra typica: Tibet (Type male: unknown locality). 1936 Forficula uvarovi - BEY-BIENKO, Faune de l'URSS, Dermaptera: 131; fig. 34 (male ultimate tergite with forceps). 1975 Forficula uvarovi - STEINMANN, Folia ent. hung., 28 (1): 174; fig. 66 (male genitalia, gen. prep. N o . 5 2 8 , d e t . D r . H . STEINMANN). Literature: POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 9 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 .

Description: Male general colour dark reddish-brown; anterior part of pronotum and legs lighter. Head, pronotum and tegmina smooth, abdominal tergites punctured. Head normally developed, tumid, somewhat longer than wide, postfrontal and coronal sutures present, posterior margin convex. Eyes small, essentially shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint well developed, narrowed basally, widened apically, but shorter than distance between antennal bases. Pronotum transverse, lateral margins faintly convex and parallel, posterior margin convex; median longitudinal furrow present. Tegmina short, about as long as pronotum measured along suture; posterior margins obliquely truncate. Abdomen large, depressed, somewhat widened medially; lateral glandular folds on third tergite very small, those on fourth large. Ultimate tergite strongly transverse, simple, somewhat depressed medially near posterior margin. Pygidium small. Forceps (Fig. 934) elongated; branches straight medially (as in fig. 934) or regularly curved apically; each branch flattened basally, the inner basal flange comparatively short; the distal end of the flange ending in a smaller blunt tooth; the inner margins of the flange irregularly crenulated or dentated. Genitalia (Fig. 935, gen. prep. No. 952 (from paratype) det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) specific; central parameral plate moderately large, virga within

587 genital lobe long, basal vesicle slightly swollen, only slightly curved; external parameres well developed, rounded apically. - Female as male, but forceps slender, tapering, simple, straight. - Length of body with forceps, male: 18-25 mm, female: 16-19 mm. Distribution: China: Tibet.

Fig. 934 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Guanchia uvarovi (SEMENOV & BEY-BIENKO).

uvarovi (SEMENOV & BEY-BIENKO). After

After STEINMANN.

STEINMANN.

30.

Fig. 935

Guanchia bicarinata

Male genital armature of Guanchia

HINCKS

1947 Guanchia bicarinata HINCKS, Ark. Zool., Uppsala, 39A (1): 28; fig. 14 (male ultimate tergite with forceps). - Terra typica: Burma (Type male: Naturhist. Riksmus., Stockholm). 1983 Guanchia bicarinata - SRIVASTAVA, Proc. Wkshp. High Alt. & Wildl. Ecol. Zool. Surv. India: 122; fig. 11A (male in dorsal view) (India, Burma, China: Szechwan). Literature: BEY-BIENKO, 1 9 5 9 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 9 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 .

Description: Male colour fuscous; antennae, legs, sides of pronotum and disc of abdominal segments lighter. Head large, broad, tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct, posterior margin straight in the middle. Eyes small, essentially shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint well developed, widened distally, about as long as distance between antennal bases or somewhat shorter. Pronotum narrower than head, widened posteriorly, transverse, lateral margins straight, posterior margin convex; median longitudinal furrow well marked. Tegmina short, shorter than pronotum, posterior margins obliquely truncate. Abdomen depressed, widened medially; surface with scattered large shallow punctures; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct.

588

Ultimate tergite transverse, contracted caudad, smooth; outer apical angles acutly prominent; dorsal surface with two raised carinae in the form of an inverted V above base of forceps. Forceps with branches remote, branches gently curved with a triangular lobe (Fig. 936, after HINCKS), or with a triangular tooth (Fig. 937, after SRIVASTAVA). - Female similar to male, but ultimate tergite without median depression, and forceps straight, contiguous, crenulate internally in basal half only. - Length of body with forceps, male: 11-14 mm, female: 1 0 - 1 3 mm. Distribution: Burma, India, China: Szechwan.

Guanchia bicarinata

HINCKS.

After

HINCKS.

Fig. 937 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Guanchia bicarinata HINCKS. After SRIVASTAVA.

31.

Guanchia chirurga

BURR

1911 Guanchia chirurga B U R R , J . Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 1 9 1 1 : 794. - Terra typica: Sikkim (Type male: Brit. Mus. nat. Hist., London). 1983 Guanchia chirurga- SRIVASTAVA, Proc. Wkshp. High Alt. & Wildl. Ecol. zool. Surv. India: 123; fig. 11B (male in dorsal view) (India: West Bengal and Sikkim). Literature: K A P O O R , 1 9 6 7 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 .

Description: Male general colour testaceous brown; head, antennae and legs yellowish. Cuticle coriaceous, except abdominal tergites faintly punctured. Head comparatively large, broad, wider than pronotum; tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures distinct, posterior margin convex. Eyes typical, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint moderately long, but shorter than distance between antennal bases. Pronotum transverse, lateral margins more or less straight and parallel, posterior margin convex; median longitudinal furrow distinct anteriorly. Tegmina short, shorter than pronotum measured along

589 suture. Abdomen depressed, widened medially; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 small, indistinct. Abdomen with tergites short, somewhat shorter than the forceps. Ultimate tergite transverse, slightly depressed medially near posterior margin; median longitudinal sulcus present. Pygidium small, rounded. Forceps (Fig. 938) very long, sometimes asymmetrical, branches depressed basally, forming a short rectangular flange; inner margins of the flange concave; branches gradually curving from base to apex. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 10-12 mm. Distribution: India.

Fig. 938 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Guanchia chirurgo BURR. After SRIVASTAVA.

Genus 64: Forficula

LINNAEUS

1758 Forficula LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., 10: 423. - Species typica: Forficula auricularia LINNAEUS, 1758, by subsequent designation. 1900 Forficula - BORMANS & KRAUSS, Das Tierreich, Berlin, 11: 119 (key to species). 1907 Forficula - BURR, Trans ent. Soc. London, 1907: 109 (key to species). 1910 Forficula - BURR, Fauna Brit. India, Dermaptera: 164 (key to Indian species). 1924 ForfiJula HOULBERT, Thysan.-Derm., Orth, de France, 1: 246. - Species typica: Forficula decipiens

1927 1936 1947 1957 1970 1970 1973 1976 1988 1989

GENE, 1 8 3 2 .

Emiforficula MENOZZI, Ent. Mitt., 16: 239. - Species typica: Forficula ornata BORMANS, 1884. Forficula - BEY-BIENKO, Faune de l'URSS, Dermaptera: 124 (key to Palaearctical species). Forficula - HINCKS, Ark. Zool., Uppsala, 39A (1): 29 (key to Burmese species). Forficula - HINCKS, South African Animal Life, 4: 82 (key to South African species). Forficula - NISHIKAWA, Kontyü, 38 (1): 75 (key to Japanese species). Forficula - BRINDLE, Entomologist's month. Mag., 106: 195 (revision, and key to Ehtiopian species). Forficula - BRINDLE, The Dermaptera of Africa, 1: 234 (revision, and key to African species). Forficula -HARZ & KALTENBACH, Die Orthopteran Europas, 3:102 (key to European species). Forficula - STEINMANN, Acta zool. hung., 34: 1 (key to Oriental species). Forficula - STEINMANN, World Catalogue of Dermaptera, Akademiai Kiadö, Budapest, p. 807.

L i t e r a t u r e : BAZYLUK, 1 9 5 6 ; BEIER, 1 9 5 9 ; BORELLI, 1 9 0 9 , 1 9 2 3 ; BORMANS, 1 8 9 4 ; BRINDLE, 1 9 7 1 ; BLATCHLEY, 1 9 2 0 ; BRUNNER, 1 8 8 2 ; BURR, 1 9 0 9 , 1 9 1 1 , 1 9 1 2 , 1 9 1 6 ; CAUDELL, 1 9 1 3 ; CHOPARD, 1 9 2 2 ; HINCKS, 1 9 3 8 ; KAPOOR, 1 9 6 7 ; KIRBY, 1 8 9 1 , 1 9 0 4 ; LATREILLE, 1 8 0 2 ; MACCAGNO, 1 9 3 3 ; POPHAM 1 9 6 5 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 9 ; RAMME, 1 9 2 9 ; REICHARDT, 1 9 7 1 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; SCUDDER, 1 8 7 6 ; SERVILLE, 1 8 3 9 ; SHIRAKI, 1 9 2 8 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 7 4 , 1 9 7 5 ; TOWNES, 1 9 4 5 ; TÜMPEL, 1 9 0 0 .

589 suture. Abdomen depressed, widened medially; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 small, indistinct. Abdomen with tergites short, somewhat shorter than the forceps. Ultimate tergite transverse, slightly depressed medially near posterior margin; median longitudinal sulcus present. Pygidium small, rounded. Forceps (Fig. 938) very long, sometimes asymmetrical, branches depressed basally, forming a short rectangular flange; inner margins of the flange concave; branches gradually curving from base to apex. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 10-12 mm. Distribution: India.

Fig. 938 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Guanchia chirurgo BURR. After SRIVASTAVA.

Genus 64: Forficula

LINNAEUS

1758 Forficula LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., 10: 423. - Species typica: Forficula auricularia LINNAEUS, 1758, by subsequent designation. 1900 Forficula - BORMANS & KRAUSS, Das Tierreich, Berlin, 11: 119 (key to species). 1907 Forficula - BURR, Trans ent. Soc. London, 1907: 109 (key to species). 1910 Forficula - BURR, Fauna Brit. India, Dermaptera: 164 (key to Indian species). 1924 ForfiJula HOULBERT, Thysan.-Derm., Orth, de France, 1: 246. - Species typica: Forficula decipiens

1927 1936 1947 1957 1970 1970 1973 1976 1988 1989

GENE, 1 8 3 2 .

Emiforficula MENOZZI, Ent. Mitt., 16: 239. - Species typica: Forficula ornata BORMANS, 1884. Forficula - BEY-BIENKO, Faune de l'URSS, Dermaptera: 124 (key to Palaearctical species). Forficula - HINCKS, Ark. Zool., Uppsala, 39A (1): 29 (key to Burmese species). Forficula - HINCKS, South African Animal Life, 4: 82 (key to South African species). Forficula - NISHIKAWA, Kontyü, 38 (1): 75 (key to Japanese species). Forficula - BRINDLE, Entomologist's month. Mag., 106: 195 (revision, and key to Ehtiopian species). Forficula - BRINDLE, The Dermaptera of Africa, 1: 234 (revision, and key to African species). Forficula -HARZ & KALTENBACH, Die Orthopteran Europas, 3:102 (key to European species). Forficula - STEINMANN, Acta zool. hung., 34: 1 (key to Oriental species). Forficula - STEINMANN, World Catalogue of Dermaptera, Akademiai Kiadö, Budapest, p. 807.

L i t e r a t u r e : BAZYLUK, 1 9 5 6 ; BEIER, 1 9 5 9 ; BORELLI, 1 9 0 9 , 1 9 2 3 ; BORMANS, 1 8 9 4 ; BRINDLE, 1 9 7 1 ; BLATCHLEY, 1 9 2 0 ; BRUNNER, 1 8 8 2 ; BURR, 1 9 0 9 , 1 9 1 1 , 1 9 1 2 , 1 9 1 6 ; CAUDELL, 1 9 1 3 ; CHOPARD, 1 9 2 2 ; HINCKS, 1 9 3 8 ; KAPOOR, 1 9 6 7 ; KIRBY, 1 8 9 1 , 1 9 0 4 ; LATREILLE, 1 8 0 2 ; MACCAGNO, 1 9 3 3 ; POPHAM 1 9 6 5 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 9 ; RAMME, 1 9 2 9 ; REICHARDT, 1 9 7 1 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; SCUDDER, 1 8 7 6 ; SERVILLE, 1 8 3 9 ; SHIRAKI, 1 9 2 8 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 7 4 , 1 9 7 5 ; TOWNES, 1 9 4 5 ; TÜMPEL, 1 9 0 0 .

590 Description: Head generally transverse, tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures distinct or indistinct. Eyes small to large. Antennal joints relatively short, all joints cylindrical or almost so, and sparsely pubescent. Pronotum relatively small, and often strongly convex on posterior margin. Tegmina well or fully developed, wings present or absent. Abdomen depressed, more or less parallelsided, rather narrower at base, and sometimes wider medially. Legs relatively short. Forceps of male with branches of varying length, often widened on inner margins to form inner flanges or teeth; forceps of female short, simple, branches more or less contiguous. Cuticle mainly shiny, and generally glabrous and impunctate on anterior half of body, abdominal tergites mainly punctured. Male genitalia with weakly sclerotized external parameres, virga usually short (of Forficula-type) or long, and with a basal vesicle. Distribution: Mainly Palaearctic, less well represented in the Ethiopian, Oriental and Indo-Australian Regions. 68 species (and 8 species in doubtful position). Identification key to species 1 V 2 2' 3 3' 4 4' 5 5' 6 6' 7 7' 8 8' 9 9' 10

Ethiopian species 2 Palaearctic, Oriental or Indo-Australian species 12 Wings absent (or concealed, invisible) 3 Wings present 5 Pronotum slightly longer than wide, posterior margin almost straight; male forceps (Fig. 939) with larger inner tooth near pygidium; male pygidium characteristic, narrowed apically, posterior margin strongly concave 1. Forficula coloniae, p. 595 Pronotum transverse, or if nearly quadrate, then posterior margin strongly convex 4 Both branches of male forceps cylindrical or elliptical in cross-section, with a prominent basal inner flange (Figs 941 and 942) 2. Forficula chopardi, p. 596 Both branches of male forceps similar to chopardi (HINCKS), but inner margins with a specific, depressed denticles (Fig. 944) 3. Forficula cavallii, p. 597 Tegmina dark with a yellow patch anteriorly, or yellow with distal part darkened 6 Tegmina and wings unicolorous or almost so, yellowish- to blackish-brown, sometimes darkened along sutures and lateral margins 7 Smaller species, body length 10 mm or less; male forceps short, inner margins of branches irregularly dentated on basal half (Fig. 947). South African species 4. Forficula picta, p. 598 Larger species, body length at least 12 mm; male forceps longer, inner margins flattened basally to form a longer (Fig.950) or shorter flange (Fig.951) 5.Forficula lucasi, p. 599 Legs blackish; male forceps with inner margins broadened to form a rectangular, shorter (Fig. 954), or longer (Fig. 955) flange 6. Forficula beelzebub, p. 601 Legs yellowish 8 Fourth antennal joint quadrate; male forceps with branches broader at base, inner margin irregularly dentated and with a larger distal tooth (Figs 958 and 959) 7. Forficula auricularia, p. 603 Fourth antennal joint longer than wide; male forceps otherwise 9 Eyes comparatively small; male forceps with branches arcuate, sinuate, and both branches with a basal dorsal tooth (Fig. 962) 8. Forficula borelUi, p. 605 Eyes large; male forceps with branches almost straight except distally, not arcuate nor sinuate, bot branches without a basal dorsal tooth 10 Both branches of male forceps without Forficula-type basal inner flange, but with a smaller,

591 sharp median tooth ventrally (Fig. 963); male genitalia with very broad central parameral plate and specific virga (Fig. 964) 9. Forfícula fistula, p. 606 10' Both branches of male forceps with a flattened basal inner flange; male genitalia with comparatively narrower central parameral plate 11 11 Inner basal flange of the male forceps shorter than half the length of forceps (Figs 965 and 966); male genitalia with incurved basal vesicle (Fig. 967) . . . . 10. Forfícula brolemanni, p. 607 11 ' Inner basal flange of the male forceps longer than half the length of forceps (Figs 968 and 969); male genitalia with strongly curved basal vesicle (Fig. 970) 11. Forfícula senegalensis, p. 608 12 Palaearctic species 13 12' Oriental or Indo-Australian species 33 13 Wings absent 14 13' Wings present 23 14 Virga within male genital lobe with a strongly curved basal vesicle 15 14' Virga within male genital lobe with specific basal section 19 15 Male forceps not of Forfícula-type, branches with a small basal, and a further median, denticle (Fig. 972) 12. Forfícula apennina, p. 609 15' Male forceps of Forfícula-type, flattened basally, forming a rectangular, shorter or longer inner flange 16 16 Inner basal flange of male forceps comparatively long (Fig. 975); the distal end of the flange ending smoothly or with a blunt tooth 13.Forfícula lesnei, p. 611 16' Inner basal flange of male forceps comparatively short, shorter than half length of forceps 17 17 Male pygidium very small or invisible; male forceps as in Fig. 978 .14. Forfícula silana, p. 612 17' Male pygidium present, and comparatively large 18 18 Tegmina comparatively short, about as long as prono turn measured along suture; inner margins of the flange faintly serrated (Fig.981) 15.Forfícula aetolica, p.613 18' Tegmina comparatively long, longer than the length of the pronotum measured along suture; inner margins of the flange strongly dentated (Fig. 984) 16.Forfícula decipiens, p. 614 19 Inner margins of flange of the male forceps without parallel section (Fig. 987); male genitalia characteristic, as in Fig. 988 17. Forfícula iberica, p. 616 19' Inner margins of flange of the male forceps more or less parallel 20 20 Inner basal flange of the male forceps very short (Fig. 990) male pygidium large, excised posteriorly 18.Forfícula hiromasai, p. 617 20' Inner basal flange of the male forceps longer 21 21 Virga within male genital lobe comparatively long (Fig. 994); 19. Forfícula tomis, p. 618 21' Virga within male genital lobe comparatively short 22 22 Tegmina comparatively short, about as long as pronotum measured along suture; virga within male genital lobe with a strongly curved basal vesicle (Fig. 998) . 20. Forfícula scudderi, p. 620 22' Tegmina comparatively long, longer than the length of the pronotum measured along suture; virga within male genital lobe with specific basal section (Fig. 1001) 21 .Forfícula paratomis, p.621 23 Male forceps not of Forficula-type; both branches with a short basal denticle on inner margin (Fig. 1003); tegmina and wings with two pairs of yellow or yellowish patches 22. Forfícula smyrnensis, p. 622 23' Male forceps of Forficula-type; branches flattened, forming a rectangular inner flange basally 24 24 Male pygidium large (Figs 1006 and 1007); inner margins of male forceps with a prominent tooth near pygidium 23.Forfícula mikado, p.624 24' Male pygidium small 25 25 Inner margins of basal flange of the male forceps more or less parallel 26 25' Inner margins of basal flange of the male forceps not parallel 31 26 Inner basal flange of male forceps comparatively short, shorter than half the length of forceps 27 26' Inner basal flange of male forceps comparatively long, about as long as or longer than half the length of forceps 29 27 Inner margins of basal flange of male forceps ornamented with faint serrations (Fig. 1010) 24. Forfícula laeviforceps, p. 625

592 27' Inner margins of basal flange of male forceps ornamented with larger denticles or tubercles 28 28 Male pygidium very small, rounded (Fig. 1012); male forceps comparatively long, regularly curved distally 25. Forfícula abrutiana, p. 626 28' Male pygidium larger, pentagonal (Fig. 1013); male forceps comparatively short, less curved distally 26. Forfícula ruficollis, p. 627 29 Virga within male genital lobe short; male forceps as in Fig. 1018 28. Forfícula sagitta, p. 630 29' Virga within male genital lobe long 30 30 Male pygidium quadrate (Figs 950 and 951); inner margins of basal flange strongly serrated; the flange longer or shorter 5. Forfícula lucasi, p. 599 30' Male pygidium small, triangular (Fig. 1016); inner margins of basal flange smooth or faintly serrated ll.Forficual riffensis, p. 629 31 Virga within male genital lobe long (Fig. 1022), not of Forfícula-type; male forceps similar to auricularia LINNEAUS, as in Fig. 1021 29. Forfícula vicaria, p. 631 31' Virga within male genital lobe short 32 32 Inner margins of male forceps strongly crenulated basally, and with a single, sharp tooth near midpoint (Figs 958 and 959) 7. Forfícula auricularia, p. 603 32' Inner margins of male forceps strongly crenulated basally, and without a single tooth near midpoint (Fig. 1024) 30. Forfícula lurida, p. 632 33 Oriental species 34 33' Indo-Australian species 76 34 Wings absent 35 34' Wings present 40 35 Male forceps not of Forfícula-type; both branches with a short basal denticle on inner margin (Fig. 1027); virga within male genital lobe long, with a characteristic basal vesicle (Fig. 1028) 31 .Forfícula puella, p.634 35' Male forceps of Forfícula-type; branches flattened, forming a rectangular inner flange basally 36 36 Inner basal flange of male forceps indistinct, with (Fig. 1029) or without smaller, but prominent inner or dorsal tooth 32. Forfícula beebei, p. 635 36' Inner basal flange of male forceps distinct, short or long 37 37 Inner basal flange of male forceps short, the inner margins of the flange concave (Fig. 1031) 33. Forfícula cherapunjiae, p. 636 37' Inner basal flange of male forceps normally developed, shorter or longer, but inner margins not concave 38 38 Male pygidium comparatively large (Fig. 1033); inner basal flange of male forceps moderately short, as in Fig. 1033 34. Forfícula kashmirensis, p. 637 38' Male pygidium small; inner basal flange of male forceps very long, fully developed 39 39 Distal end of the flange ending smoothly (Fig. 1035); central parameral plate of male genitalia strongly widened medially (Fig. 1036) 35. Forfícula kambaitensis, p. 638 39' Distal end of the flange with a large blunt tooth (Fig. 1037); central parameral plate of male genitalia normally widened medially (Fig. 1038) 36.Forfícula macrobasis, p.639 40 Male ultimate tergite with two characteristic, smaller or larger dorsal tubercles near posterior margin 41 40' Male ultimate tergite without dorsal tubercles 44 41 Male forceps not of Forfícula-type; both branches with a short, generally broadly rounded, basal denticle on inner margin (Figs 1039 and 1041) 42 41' Male forceps of Forficula-type; branches flattened, forming a rectangular inner flange basally 43 42 Dorsal tubercles of male ultimate tergite very long, prominent (Fig. 1039); both branches of male forceps elongate; male genitalia as in Fig. 1040 37. Forfícula externa, p. 641 42' Dorsal tubercles of male ultimate tergite obtuse (Fig. 1041); male forceps comparatively short, and regularly curved; male genitalia as in Fig. 1042 38.Forfícula fontana, p. 642 43 Dorsal tubercles of male ultimate tergite comparatively large (Fig. 1043); male forceps very short; male genitalia as in Fig. 1044 39. Forfícula davidi, p. 643 43' Dorsal tubercles of male ultimate tergite comparatively small (Fig. 1045); male forceps long; male genitalia as in Fig. 1046 40. Forfícula meenae, p. 644 44 Male forceps not of Forfícula-type; branches without inner basal flange 45 44' Male forceps of Forfícula-type; branches flattened, forming a rectangular inner basal flange 48

593 45 Male forceps with branches straight (Fig. 1047); inner margins with two smaller teeth 41. Forfícula mogul, p. 645 45' Male forceps otherwise 46 46 Inner basal denticle of the male forceps angular (Fig. 1048); inner margins with a further tooth ventrally 42. Forfícula subauricularia, p. 646 46' Inner basal denticle of the male forceps triangular 47 47 Male pygidium large, narrowed posteriorly (Fig. 1049) 43. Forfícula berezovskyi, p. 647 47' Male pygidium small, rounded posteriorly (Fig. 1050) 44. Forfícula sínica, p. 648 48 Inner margins of flange of the male forceps not parallel basally 49 48' Inner margins of flange of the male forceps with parallel section 53 49 Virga within male genital lobe very long 50 49' Virga within male genital lobe short 52 50 Inner margin of male forceps with a smaller, but sharp and prominent, median tooth ventrally (Fig. 1052); basal section of male forceps without inner or dorsal denticles; male genitalia as in Fig. 1053 45. Forfícula wíttmerí, p. 650 50' Inner margin of male forceps without median tooth; basal section of each branch with prominent inner or dorsal denticles 51 51 Basal section of male forceps with a shorter inner denticle; inner margin of the denticle crenulated and flattened (Fig. 1054); external paramere of the male genitalia comparatively narrow, as in Fig. 1055 46. Forfícula planicollis, p. 651 51' Basal section of male forceps with a specific dorsal denticle (Fig. 1057); inner margin of the denticle with two or three tubercles; external parameres of the male genitalia comparatively broad, as in Fig. 1058 47. Forfícula cristata, p. 652 52 Basal vesicle of male genitalia strongly and typically curved, forming a curvature of Forficula-type (Fig. 960); male forceps as in Figs 958 and 959 .. 7. Forfícula aurícularía, p. 603 52' Basal vesicle of male genitalia without a curvature of Forfícula-type (Fig. 1060); external parameres of male genitalia very long; male forceps as in Fig. 1060 48. Forfícula baíjalí, p. 653 53 Inner basal flange of male forceps comparatively long, about as long as or longer than half the length of forceps 54 53' Inner basal flange of male forceps comparatively short, slightly or considerably shorter than half the length of forceps 62 54 Inner margins of inner basal flange of the male forceps ornamented with large denticles (Fig. 1061) 49 Forfícula biplaga, p. 655 54' Inner margins of inner basal flange of the male forceps with smaller tubercles or serrated 55 55 Virga within male genital lobe long 56 55' Virga within male genital lobe short 61 56 Basal vesicle of male genitalia very small (Fig. 1063); male forceps strongly flattened basally, as in Fig. 1062 50. Forfícula tawangensis, p. 655 56' Basal vesicle of male genitalia normally developed and generally strongly sclerotized . . . . 57 57 Distal part of male forceps strongly curved, apices of branches directed inwards (Fig. 1065); male genitalia as in Fig. 1066 51. Forfícula jayarami, p. 657 57' Distal part of male forceps less curved 58 58 Wings yellow 52. Forfícula greeni, p. 658 58' Wings darker 59 59 Male pygidium angular (Fig. 950) 5. Forfícula lucasi f. macrolabia, p. 599 59' Male pygidium trigonal or rounded 60 60 Apices of external parameres of the male genitalia excised internally (Fig. 1070); male forceps as in Fig. 1069 53.Forfícula índíae, p.659 60' Apices of external parameres of the male genitalia broadly rounded (Fig. 1072); male forceps as in Fig. 1071 54.Forfícula harberei, p.660 61 Distal end of inner basal flange of the male forceps broadly rounded or ending smoothly (Fig. 1018); male genitalia as in Fig. 1019 28. Forfícula sagitta, p. 630 61' Distal end of inner basal flange of the male forceps ending angularly (Fig. 1073); male genitalia as in Fig. 1074 55.Forfícula abbottabadiensis, p.661 62 Inner basal flange of male forceps comparatively broad and strongly flattened (Fig. 1075) 56. Forfícula interrogans, p. 662

594 62' Inner basal flange of male forceps normally developed, very short (Figs 1076 and 1090) or shorter than half the length of forceps 63 63 Inner basal flange of male forceps very short, shorter than half the length of forceps . . . . 64 63' Inner basal flange of male forceps long, but shorter than half the length of forceps 65 64 Tegmina short, only somewhat longer than pronotum measured along suture; wings short; tarsi yellow; abdomen broad and depressed, but less so than in schlagintweiti (BURR); male forceps as in Fig. 1076 51. Forfícula bkutanensis, p. 663 64' Tegmina longer, about twice as long as pronotum measured along suture; wings normally developed; tarsi brown; male forceps as in Fig. 1090 64. Forfícula schlagintweiti f. microlabia, p. 671 65 Pygidium hidden, male forceps as in Fig. 1077; basal vesicle of male genitalia (Fig. 1078) specific, strongly sclerotized and S-shaped 58. Forfícula calmar, p. 664 65' Pygidium present 66 67 66 Posterior margin of male pygidum concave or truncate 66' Posterior margin of male pygidium rounded 69 67 Posterior margin of male pygidium concave (Fig. 1079); male genitalia characteristic, very narrow; external parameres conspicuous, very slender, as in Fig. 1080 59. Forfícula cicero, p. 665 67' Posterior margin of male pygidium transverse, more or less straight; male genitalia broad, as in Figs 1082 and 952 68 68 Distal part of male forceps strongly curved (Fig. 1081); external parameres of male genitalia curved, virga characteristic, as in Fig. 1082 60. Forfícula mandarina, p. 666 68' Distal part of male forceps less curved (Fig. 951); external parameres of male genitalia more or less straight 5.Forfícula lucasi f. microlabia, p.599 69 Virga within male genital lobe extraordinally long and slender (Fig. 1085); male forceps as in Fig. 1084 61. Forfícula genitalia, p. 668 69' Virga within male genital lobe normally developed 70 70 Distal end of inner basal flange of the male forceps broadly rounded (Fig. 1094) 65. Forfícula ornato f. microlabia, p. 672 70' Distal end of inner basal flange of the male forceps with a blunt tooth 71 71 Basal vesicle of male genitalia more or less straight and strongly sclerotized (Fig. 1087); posterior margin of male pygidium ornamented with a small tubercle medially (Fig. 1086) 62. Forfícula flavalis, p. 669 71' Basal vesicle of male genitalia curved, and less sclerotized; posterior margin of male pygidium without median tubercle 72 72 Distal part of male forceps strongly curved (Figs 1088 and 1091) 73 72' Distal part of male forceps less curved 74 73 Central parameral plate of male genitalia comparatively narrow, as in Fig. 1089; distal part of male forceps gradually narrowing apically (Fig. 1088) 63. Forfícula hinnulea, p. 670 73' Central parameral plate of male genitalia comparatively wide, as in Fig. 1092; distal part of male forceps irregularly narrowed apically (Fig. 1091) 64. Forfícula schlagintweiti f. macrolabia, p. 671 74 Male pygidium comparatively short and broad (Fig. 1095) 65. Forfícula ornata f. macrolabia, p. 672 74' Male pygidium comparatively long and narrow 75 75 External parameres of male genitalia moderately long and narrow, as in Fig. 956 6. Forfícula beelzebub, p. 601 75' External parameres of male genitalia moderately short and broad, as in Fig. 1098 66. Forfícula splendida, p. 673 76 Inner margins of inner basal flange of the male forceps not parallel; the margins irregularly dentated and with a larger, single tooth (Figs 958 and 959) . . . 7. Forfícula auricularia, p. 603 76' Inner margins of inner basal flange of the male forceps with serrated and parallel section 77 77 Virga within male genital lobe comparatively short (Fig. 1100); male forceps as in Fig. 1099; Australian species 67. Forfícula vilmi, p. 674 IT Virga within male genital lobe comparatively long (Fig. 1103); male forceps as in Fig. 1102; New Guinea species 68. Forfícula burgersi, p. 676

595 1. Forfícula coloniae

(BURR)

1911 Apterygida coloniae BURR, Annls S. Afr. Mus., 10: 14; fig. 9a (male in dorsal view), 9b (male forceps), 9c (tarsus). - Terra typica: Cape Province (Type male: South Afr. Mus., Cape Town). 1957 Forficula coloniae - HINCKS, South African Animal Life, 4: 86. 1973 Forficula coloniae - BRINDLE, The Dermaptera of Africa, 1: 264; fig. 356 (head, tegmina and pronotum), 359 (male ultimate tergite with forceps). Literature: BRINDLE, 1 9 7 0 ; BURR, 1 9 1 1 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 9 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 .

Description: Male general colour reddish- or yellowish-brown; antennae and legs yellow; head dark reddish-brown; pronotum and tegmina yellowish-brown. Head transverse, sometimes almost quadrate, tumid; postfrontal and coronal sutures not visible; posterior margin straight in the middle. Eyes normally developed, but somewhat shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint small, shorter than distance between antennal bases. Pronotum about as long as wide, or slightly longer, somewhat widened posteriorly; anterior margin transversely truncate, sides straight and posterior margin slightly convex; median longitudinal furrow indistinct. Tegmina more or less as long as pronotum, sutures contiguous, but a very small scutellum is exposed, posterior margins almost truncate and straight. Wings absent. Abdomen almost parallelsided, lateral glandular folds on third tergite small, those on fourth large and blackish. Ultimate tergite transverse, with a median triangular depression near posterior margin. Pygidium quadrate, narrowed posteriorly, last margin concave. Forceps (Fig. 939) cylindrical, slightly arcuate, widened towards base to form a large blunt inner tooth. - Female very similar to male, but forceps (Fig. 940) straight, tapering, simple. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 11-14 mm. Distribution: Cape Province.

Fig. 939 Holotype ultimate tergite with forceps of Forficula coloniae (BURR). After BURR.

Fig. 940 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Forficula coloniae (BURR). Original.

596 2.

Forficula chopardi

(HINCKS)

1947 Anechura chopardi HINCKS, Entomologist, 80: 201; fig. 1 (male ultimate tergite with forceps). Terra typica: Sierra Leone (Type male: Mus. nation. Hist, nat., Paris). 1965 Forficula chopardi - BRINDLE, Entomologist's month. Mag., 96: 147. 1971 Forficula chopardi - BRINDLE, Mem. Inst. Fond. afr. noire, 86: 276; fig. 21 (male forceps, form macrolabic), 22 (ditto, form microlabic), 2 3 - 2 4 (male forceps in lateral view), 25 (female forceps). Literature: BRINDLE, 1 9 7 0 , 1 9 7 3 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 .

Description: Male head, pronotum and tegmina yellowish-red, sometimes darker, pronotum with sides yellowish; antennae dark brown or brown, basal joints usually yellow; legs yellow; abdomen blackish, forceps dark red. Cuticle of head, pronotum and tegmina coriaceous, that of head rather coarsely so; cuticle of abdomen punctured, posterior tergites more strongly punctured than anterior tergites, and posterior tergites rugose along the posterior margins and laterally. Head transverse, tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures visible, posterior margin rounded or almost straight in the middle. Eyes comparatively large, about as long as the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint small, shorter than distance between antennal bases. Pronotum strongly transverse, sides straight and parallel, posterior margin convex. Tegmina short, rather longer than pronotum, scutellum not exposed. Wings absent. Abdomen broad, depressed, lateral glandular folds on third tergite small, those on fourth large. Ultimate tergite transverse, cuticle partially punctured, the punctures extending longitudi-

Figs 941 and 942 Microlabic and macrolabic male forceps of Forficula chopardi (HINCKS).

Fig. 943 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Forficula chopardi (HINCKS).

A f t e r BRINDLE.

A f t e r BRINDLE.

597 nally in irregular bands, posterior margin thickened, depressed and smooth medially. Pygidium variable in length, directed dorso-posteriorly. Both branches of forceps cylindrical, basal inner part extended to form a triangular lobe, the free edge with teeth, and directed dorso-posteriorly at the posterior tip, distal cylindrical part of branches variable in length (Figs 941 and 942). - Female similar to male, but both branches of forceps (Fig. 943) short, broad at base, narrowed distally, extreme base excavated to accommodate the pygidium, the latter short and rounded. - Length of body with forceps, male: 13-19 mm, female: 12-14 mm. Distribution: Sierra Leone. 3.

Forficula cavallii

(Borelli)

1906 Apterygida cavallii BORELLI, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. R. Univ., Torino, 21 (541): 4. - Terra typica: Uganda (Type male, gen. prep. No. 751, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN: MUS. 1st. Zool. sist. Univ., Torino). 1911 Apterygida cavallii - BURR, Wiss. Ergeb. Deutsch. Z-Afr. Exp. 3: 458 (Congo, Ruanda). 1924 Apterygida cavallii - REHN, Bull. Am. Mus. nat. Hist., 49: 410 (Uganda, Tanzania, Ruanda). 1950 Forficula cavallii - HINCKS, Entomologist's month. Mag., 84: 179 (Tanzania). 1973 Forficula cavallii - BRINDLE, The Dermaptera of Africa, 1: 257; fig. 350 (head, pronotum and tegmina), 354 (male forceps), 355 (female forceps) (Congo, Uganda). L i t e r a t u r e : BORELLI, 1 9 0 9 ; BRINDLE, 1 9 7 0 , 1 9 7 1 ; BURR, 1 9 1 1 , 1 9 1 5 , 1 9 1 6 ; HINCKS, 1 9 3 8 ; MENOZZI, 1 9 3 5 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 9 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 .

Description: Male head, pronotum and tegmina yellowish- or reddish-brown; antennae brown, basal joints yellowish; legs yellowish or brown; abdomen dark reddish or reddish-black, basal tergites yellowish; forceps dark brown or blackish. Cuticle of head and pronotum coriaceous, tegmina somewhat coarsely coriaceous or even partially rugose, and with scattered punctures; abdominal tergites punctured, more strongly on tergites 7 - 9 , where the punctures are relatively large and separated by about their own diameter. Head transverse, tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures faintly visible, posterior margin straight in the middle. Eyes large, but somewhat shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint typical, shorter than distance between antennal bases. Pronotum somewhat transverse, slightly widened posteriorly, lateral margins straight but curving into convex posterior margin, posterior angles completely rounded, anterior angles nearly rectangular; median longitudinal furrow indistinct. Tegmina rather short, about as long as pronotum, measured along suture; posterior margins transversely truncate. Wings absent. Abdomen broad, depressed, slightly wider medially, lateral glandular folds on third tergite very small, those on fourth large and blackish. Ultimate tergite transverse, depressed medially near posterior margin, and swollen above the base of each branch of the forceps. Pygidium specific in holotype (Fig. 944) or relatively narrow, sides parallel or somewhat concave, posterior margin with tubercles or rounded, sometimes rather triangular. Forceps (Fig. 944) almost cylindrical, arcuate, with

598 a dorso-median tooth near base. Genitalia (Fig. 945, gen. prep. No. 751, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) normally developed; central parameral plate strongly narrowed basally, virga within genital lobe short, external parameres moderately narrow. Female similar to male, but abdominal tergites less strongly punctured; forceps (Fig. 946) wide at base, narrowed distally, excavated at base and with inner margins serrated. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 12-14 mm. Distribution: East Central Africa.

Fig. 944 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Forfícula cavallii (BORELLI). Original.

Fig. 945 Holotype genital armature of Forfícula cavallii (BORELLI). Original.

4.

Forfícula picta

Fig. 946 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Forfícula cavallii (BORELLI). Original.

KIRBY

1891 Forfícula picta KIRBY, J. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., 23: 525. - Terra typica: Zululand (Type male: Brit. Mus. Nat. Hist., London). 1957 Forfícula picta - HINCKS, South African Animal Life, 4: 87 (Natal, Transvaal, Cape Province). 1973 Forfícula picta- BRINDLE, The Dermaptera of Africa, 1: 240; fig. 318 (head and pronotum), 319 (male forceps), 322 (female forceps).

Literature: BRINDLE,

1 9 7 0 ; BORMANS & KRAUSS, 1 9 0 0 ; BURR, 1 9 1 1 ; HINCKS, 1 9 5 2 ; R E H N , 1 9 2 2 ; SAKAI,

1973, 1982.

Description: Male head blackish or dark red; pronotum yellowish-brown or reddish-yellow; tegmina dark brown, yellow basally or medially and on lateral margins; wings yellow, usually dark brown on sutures or only at sutural base; legs yellow, femora sometimes rather darker; abdomen brown to dark brown; forceps dark reddish-brown. Cuticle shiny, almost impunctate and glabrous, except on some abdominal tergites. Head somewhat longer than wide, tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures not visible, lateral margins curving almost smoothly into weakly concave posterior margin. Eyes small, essentially shorter than the length

599 of head behind eyes. First antennal joint well developed, about as long as distance between antennal bases. Pronotum small, longer than wide, lateral margins rounded and curving smoothly into the convex posterior margin; median longitudinal furrow indistinct. Tegmina and wings normally or fully developed. Abdomen more or less parallel-sided, depressed, tergites 4 - 9 punctured, the punctures increasing in desity posteriorly, tergite 9 very strongly punctured; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 present. Ultimate tergite transverse, depressed medially near posterior margin. Pygidium hidden. Branches of forceps (Fig. 947) short, elliptical in cross-section at base, flattened basally, forming a rectangular inner flange; inner margins of the flange with large irregular denticles. Genitalia (Fig. 9 4 8 , gen. prep. No. 9 5 5 , det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) characteristic; central parameral plate oval and strongly widened apically, virga within genital lobe medium-size, basal vesicle simple, not of Forficula-type, strongly sclerotized; external parameres comparatively short. - Female similar to male, but abdominal tergites less strongly punctured, ultimate tergite narrower; branches of forceps (Fig. 949) straight, evenly narrowed from base to apex, contiguous. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 9 - 1 2 . 5 mm. Distribution: Southern Africa.

Fig. 947 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Forficula picta KIRBY. Original.

Fig. 948 Male genital armature of Forficula picta KIRBY. Original.

5. Forficula lucasi

Fig. 949 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Forficula picta KIRBY. Original.

DOHRN

1865 Forficula lucasi DOHRN, Stettiner ent. Ztg., 26: 98. - Terra typica: Syria (Type male: unknown locality). 1 8 9 3 Forficula barroisi BOLIVAR (nec BORMANS, 1 9 0 0 ) , Biol. Nord France, 5: 4 4 7 . - Terra typica: Syria (Type male: unknown locality).

600 1895 Forficula escherichi KRAUSS, Ent. Nach., 21: 97; fig. 1 (male in dorsal view). - Type unknown. 1900 Forficula lucasi - BORMANS & KRAUSS, Das Tierreich, Berlin, 11: 121 (Asia - Syria, India, Burma; Africa - Egypt, Beni Mzab-area in the Algerian Sahara). 1900 Forficula escherichi - BORMANS & KRAUSS, Das Tierreich, Berlin, 11: 121 [proposed synonymy w i t h barroisi BOLIVAR, 1 8 9 3 ( n e c BORMANS, 1900)]. 1 9 0 4 Forficula barroisi BORMANS, 1 9 0 0 ( n e c BOLIVAR, 1 8 9 3 ) , KIRBY, S y n . C a t . O r t h . , 1: 5 2 ( a s s y n o n y m o f escherichi KRAUSS, 1 8 9 5 ) .

1973 Forficula lucasi - SAKAI, Dermapterorum Cat. Prael., Tokyo, 7: 293 (Syria, Israel, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, India, Burma, Turkey, Lebanon). 1973 Forficula lucasi- BRINDLE, The D e r m a p t e r a o f Africa, 1:241; fig. 317 (head and pronotum), 320 (male forceps), 321 (female forceps) (Chad, Sudan). L i t e r a t u r e : BEY-BIENKO, 1 9 3 6 ; BURR, 1 9 0 8 , 1 9 1 1 , 1 9 1 2 , 1 9 1 6 ; JACOBSON & BIANKI, 1 9 0 3 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 9 ; SAKAI, 1 9 8 2 ; SEMENOV, 1 9 3 8 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 8 3 , 1 9 8 9 ; ZACHER, 1 9 1 2 .

Description: Male head reddish-yellow; pronotum yellow; tegmina yellow, dark brown posteriorly and along sutural and lateral margins; wings entirely yellow; legs yellowish; abdomen blackish, forceps dark reddish or yellowish, inner margins of branches darkened. Cuticle coriaceous, rather strongly on head, abdominal tergites punctured, more strongly posteriorly, tergites 8 - 9 almost rugose. Head transverse, broad, tumid, posterior angles rounded, postfrontal and coronal sutures faintly visible, posterior margin slightly concave medially. Eyes small, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint well developed, about as long as distance between antennal bases or somewhat shorter. Pronotum with sides almost parallel and straight, curving smoothly into strongly convex posterior margin; median longitudinal furrow distinct anterior-

Figs 950 and 951 Brachylabic and macrolabic male forceps of Forficula lucasi DOHRN. Original.

Fig. 952 Male genital armature of Forficula lucasi DOHRN. Original.

Fig. 953 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Forficula lucasi DOHRN. Original.

601

ly. Tegmina and wings normally developed. Abdomen broad, depressed, comparatively short; lateral glandular folds on third tergite small, those on fourth large. Ultimate tergite transverse, depressed medially with two swollen areas close together near posterior margin, the areas separated by a short longitudinal depression ending at the posterior margin. Forceps various in length, inner basal flange longer (Fig. 950) or shorter (Fig. 951); inner margins of the flange strongly serrated. Genitalia (Fig. 952, gen. prep. No. 525, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) normally developed, central parameral plate widened medially, virga within genital lobe comparatively long, with sclerotized basal vesicle; external parameres well developed, broadly rounded apically. - Female similar to male, but abdominal tergites less strongly punctured; both branches of forceps (Fig. 953) straight, evenly narrowed from base to apex, inner margins not dentated. - Length of body with forceps, male: 17-24 mm, female: 16-19 mm. Distribution: Madeira, Chad, Sudan, Egypt, Lebanon, Turkey, Syria, Arabia, India, and Burma. 6.

Forficula beelzebub

(BURR)

1900 Chelisoches beelzebub BURR, Annls Soc. ent. Belg., 44: 51. - Terra typica: India (Type male: Inst. R. Sci. nat., Brussels). 1905 Forficulaaceris BURR, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 1 (2): 30.-Terra typica: India (Type male: Nation. Collection zool. Survey India, Calcutta). 1905 Forficula ceteris BURR, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 1 (2): 31.-Terra typica: India (Type male: Nation. Collection zool. Survey India, Calcutta). 1911 Forficula beelzebub - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 81. 1910 Forficula beelzebub - BURR, Fauna Brit. India, Dermapatera: 168; fig. 56 (male in dorsal view). 1909 Forficula ignota BURR, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (8) 4: 120. - Terra typica: India (Type male: Brit. Mus. Nat. Hist., London). 1916 Forficula beelzebub - BURR, J1 R. microsc. Soc., 1916: 15; pi. 4, fig. 1 (male genitalia). 1965 Forficula beelzebub - GANGOLA, Entomologist, 98: 233; fig. 17 (male genitalia). 1973 Forficula beelzebub - BRINDLE, The Dermaptera of Africa, 1: 243 (Kenya). 1973 Forficula beelzebub - SAKAI, Dermapterorum Cat. Prael. Tokyo, 7: 302 (Himalayas, Sikkim, Assam; Burma, China). 1974 Forficula beelzebub - BRINDLE, Senckenbergiana biol., 55 (1-3): 159; fig. 21 (male in dorsal view), 22 (female forceps) (Nepal). L i t e r a t u r e : BURR, 1 9 0 7 , 1 9 1 3 ; HEBARD, 1 9 2 3 ; HINCKS, 1 9 4 7 ; KAPOOR, 1 9 6 7 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 9 ; SAKAI, 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 , 1 9 8 3 .

Description: Male head reddish; antennae blackish-brown basally, yellowishbrown distally; pronotum black, narrow yellow strip along lateral margin; tegmina and wings dark yellowish-brown, very uniform in colour; abdomen dark reddish-brown; forceps dark red. Femora black, tibiae and tarsi blackish-brown. Cuticle of head coriaceous, that of pronotum coriaceous and with transverse striations on disc; tegmina and wings rugosely coriaceous; abdominal tergites, except last, very strongly and deeply punctured, last tergite irregularly punctured, with smooth shiny areas between the punctured areas. Head transverse, tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct, posterior margin concave in the middle. Eyes rather large, but shorter than the length of head behind eyes.

602 First antennal joint shorter than distance between antennal bases. Pronotum very strongly transverse, lateral margins curving smoothly into convex posterior margin; median longitudinal furrow faintly visible. Tegmina and wings relatively short. Abdomen moderately long, depressed, slightly wider medially; lateral glandular folds on third tergite small, those on fourth large. Ultimate tergite transverse, posterior margin raised into two short transverse ridges medially, the ridges separated by a narrow smooth longitudinal sulcus. Pygidium comparatively small, rounded. Both branches of forceps flattened basally, forming a rectangular inner flange; distal part of forceps shorter (Fig. 954, form microlabic) or longer (Fig. 955, form macrolabic); cylindrical, sometimes elliptical in cross-section. Genitalia (Fig. 9 5 6 , gen. prep. No. 1 7 5 , det. Dr. H . STEINMANN from Vietnam) narrow; central parameral plate elongate, virga within genital lobe comparatively long; external parameres fully developed, narrow. - Female similar to male, but ultimate tergite less punctured, and forceps (Fig. 957) slender, straight, tapering, and simple. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 13-18 mm. Distribution: East Africa, and India, Nepal, Bhutan, South China, Vietnam, Burma.

Figs 954 and 955 Microlabic and macrolabic male forceps of Forficula beelzebub (BURR). Original.

Fig. 956 Male genital armature of Forficula beelzebub (BURR). After GANGOLA.

Fig. 957 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Forficula beelzebub (BURR). Original.

603 7.

Forficula auricularia

LINNAEUS

1758 Forficula auricularia LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., (10) 1: 423. - Terra typica: "Europe" (Type male: Linnean Collection, London). 1773 Forficula major DE GEER, Mem. Hist. Inst., 3: 545; pi. 25, fig. 16 (male in dorsal view). - Terra typica: unknown (Type male: unknown locality). 1775 Forficula dentata FABRICIUS, Syst. Ent.: 270. - Terra typica: Central Africa (Type male: Brit. Mus. nat. Hist., London). 1775 Forficulaparallela

1802 1802 1825 1835 1835 1846 1900 1911 1926 1936

1969 1971 1973 1973 1974

FABRICIUS (nec WESTWOOD, 1837 a n d n e c DOHRN, 1862), Syst. E n t . : 270. -

Terra typica: Madeira (Type female: Brit. Mus. nat. Hist., London). Forficula neglecta MARSHAM, Ent. Brit., 1: 529. - Type unknown. Forficula media MARSHAM (nec HAGENBACH, 1822), Ent. Brit., 1: 530. - Type unknown. Forficula infumata MEGERLE, in CHARPENTIER, Hor. Ent.: 70. - Type unknown. Forficula borealis LEACH, in STEPHENS, 111. Brit. Ent. Mandibulata, 6: 5; pi. 4, fig. 28 (male in dorsal view). - Terra typica: "Eur. bor." (Type male: unknown locality). Forficula forcipata STEPHENS, 111. Brit. Ent. Mandibulata, 6: 6. - Type unknown. Forficula caucasica KOLENATI (nec SEMENOV, 1903), Melet. ent., 5: 72. - Type unknown. Forficula auricularia - BORMANS & KRAUSS, Das Tierreich, Berlin, 11: 122 (Europe, Northern and Western Asia, North-Africa, Madeira, Canary Islands, North-America). Forficula auricularia silanoides KARNY, Ent. Rdsch., 28:160. - Terra typica: Tunis (Type male: Naturhist. Mus., Wien). Forficula auricularia - TILLYARD, The Insects of Australia and New Zealand: 110 (New Zealand). Forficula auricularia - BEY-BIENKO, Faune DE 1'URSS, Dermaptera: 152; fig. 45 (male in dorsal view), 46 (male genitalia), (Western Europe, European part of USSR from the Crimea, Northern Caucasus and Astrakhan in the south to Leningrad, Karelia, Moscow, Urzhum and Sverdlovsk in the north, the whole of Caucasus, Asia Minor, Syria, northern and western Iran to Teheran, Kopet-Dahg to Askhabad, western Kasakstan between Wolga and Ural and Western Siberia to Omsk and Kamen; not distributed in Central Asia, Central or eastern Siberia). Forficula auricularia - BRINDLE, Bolm Mus. munic. Funchal, 23 (103): 15 (Madeira, Azores). Forficula auricularia - REICHHARDT, Pap- Avulsos zool. S. Paulo, 24 (12): 170 (Canada, USA: Massachusetts, Rhode Islands and New York, Idaho, Colorado, Utah, Washington, Oregon, California). Forficula auricularia - BRINDLE, The Dermaptera of Africa, 1: 239 (Cameroon, Tanzania). Forficula auricularia - SAKAI, Dermapterorum Cat. Prael. Tokyo, 7: 247 (Cosmopolitan: Europe, western and northern Asia, North Africa, North America, Australia, Oceania, Madagascar, Tasmania, and New Zealand). Forficula auricularia - STEINMANN, Fauna Hung., 118: 37; fig. 24A (pronotum, tegmina and wings), 25 (male in dorsal view), 26A (male forceps, f. macrolabia), 26B (ditto, form microlabia), 26C (male genitalia), 26D (female forceps) (Cosmopolitan).

L i t e r a t u r e : AZAM, 1901; BAZYLUK, 1956, 1957; BEIER, 1959; BOESEMAN, 1954; BORELLI, 1906, 1926; BRUNNER, 1882; BRINDLE, 1964, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971; CAPRA, 1929; CAUDELL, 1907, 1913; CHOPARD, 1 9 2 2 , 1 9 4 2 , 1 9 5 1 ; CSIKI, 1922; DOHRN, 1862; FERNANDES, 1965, FIEBER, 1853; FINOT, 1890; FULTON, 1 9 2 2 , 1 9 2 3 , 1 9 2 4 ; GILES, 1 9 6 1 , 1 9 6 3 , 1 9 7 0 ; GLASER, 1914; FISCHER, 1853; HARZ & KALTENBACH, 1976; HEBARD, 1 9 1 7 , 1 9 3 3 ; HINCKS, 1 9 3 8 , 1 9 4 9 , 1 9 5 3 , 1 9 5 5 , 1 9 6 1 ; HOULBERT, 1900; JONES, 1917; KAPOOR, 1967; KEVAN, 1965; KIRBY, 1 8 9 1 , 1 9 0 4 ; LUCAS, 1920; MACCAGNO, 1933; MENOZZI, 1921, 1924, 1927, 1936; NOVAK, 1888; POPHAM, 1959, 1965; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1969; RAMME, 1927; REHN, 1905; REHN & HEBARD, 1914; SCUDDER, 1876; SERVILLE, 1839; SEMENOV, 1901; SAKAI, 1982; SPENCER, 1926; SRIVASTAVA, 1976; STEINMANN, 1 9 7 5 , 1 9 7 9 ; TÜMPEL, 1900; VERHOEFF, 1902, 1917; WERNER, 1898, 1905, 1927; ZACHER, 1910, 1911.

Description: Male head reddish to brown, pronotum usually darker with lateral margins yellow; tegmina and wings dull yellowish-brown; legs yellow; abdomen dark brown or brown; forceps yellowish-brown. Cuticle of head,

604 pronotum, tegmina and wings mainly coriaceous; abdominal tergites finely punctured, shiny. Head transverse, rather depressed dorsally, lateral margins short, straight, postero-lateral angles rounded, posterior margin more or less straight; postfrontal and coronal sutures distinct or indistinct. Eyes small, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint shorter than distance between antennal bases. Pronotum transverse, sides more or less parallel, posterior margin convex; median longitudinal furrow distinct. Tegmina and wings always fully developed. Abdomen broad, depressed, usually widened medially; lateral glandular folds on third tergite rather small, those on fourth tergite large. Ultimate tergite transverse, lateral portions with smaller or larger, sharp or obtuse, longitudinal ridges; depressed medially near posterior margin. Pygidium hidden or small, rounded. Both branches of forceps broadened at base, and the flattened portion forming an inner flange, but the flange without parallel margins; inner margins of the flange irregularly dentated basally, and this irregular margin ending in a larger tooth. Distal part of the forceps shorter (Fig. 958, form microlabia) or longer (Fig. 959, form macrolabia), cylindrical in cross-section and curved. Genitalia (Fig. 960) similar to other species; central parameral plate comparatively short and oval, virga within genital lobe of Forficula-type, short with a strongly sclerotized basal vesicle; external parameres well or fully developed, rounded apically. - Female very similar to male, but both

Figs 958 and 959 Brachylabic and macrolabic male forceps of Forficula auricularia LINNAEUS. O r i g i n a l .

Fig. 960 Male genital armature of Forficula auricularia

Original.

LINNAEUS.

Fig. 961 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Forficula auricularia LINNAEUS. O r i g i n a l .

605 branches of forceps (Fig. 961) short, slender, tapering distally, inner margins crenulated basally. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 11-17 mm. Distribution: Cosmopolitan. 8.

Forfícula borellii

BRINDLE

1958 Anechura chopardi HINCKS, Bull. Soc. ent. Fr., 63: 185. - Terra typica: Sao Tomé (Type male: Mus. nation. Hist, nat., Paris). 1973 Forficula borellii BRINDLE, The Dermaptera of Africa, 1: 270; fig. 342 (male forceps) (new name for Anechura chopardi HINCKS, 1958, a junior secondary homonymy of Forficula chopardi HINCKS, 1 9 4 7 ) . L i t e r a t u r e : SAKAI, 1 9 8 2 .

Description: Male general colour black; anterior part of head, sides of pronotum, legs, and forceps dark brown. Cuticle of head, pronotum, tegmina and wings impunctate, coriaceous; abdominal tergites weakly punctured. Head transverse, tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct, posterior margin concave in the middle. Eyes small, typical, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint small, shorter than distance between antennal bases. Pronotum slightly transverse, anterior margin truncate, lateral margins more or less parallel or faintly widened posteriorly, posterior margin convex; median longitudinal furrow present. Tegmina and wings fully developed. Abdomen somewhat widened medially, depressed; lateral glandular folds on tergite third small, those in tergite fourth large. Ultimate tergite strongly transverse, somewhat depressed medially near posterior margin, the disc with smaller or larger tubercles laterally. Pygidium very short, rounded posteriorly. Forceps (Fig. 962) not of Forficula-type, broad at base, curved inwards about midpoint, and undulate, somewhat sigmoid in appearance from a dorsal view; branches with a smaller or larger dorsal tooth near pygidium. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 13 mm. Distribution: Guinea.

Fig. 962 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Forficula borellii BRINDLE. After BRINDLE.

606 9. Forficula fistula sp. nov. Terra typica: Guinea, Gueckedou, 1961. 11. 20, leg. K. FERENCZ, gen. prep. No. 34, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN. Paratype male, 1 ex. Lourenco Marques, XII. 1951, M. C. Ferreira (Type male: Termeszettudomanyi Muzeum, Budapest).

Description: Male head reddish; antennae brown; pronotum, tegmina and wings yellowish, abdominal tergites dark reddish-black; forceps dark red; legs yellowish. Cuticle of head and thoracal nota coriaceous, abdominal tergites punctured. Head longer than wide, tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct, posterior margin concave in the middle. Eyes comparatively large, but somewhat shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint well developed, strongly narrowed basally, widened apically, the joint somewhat shorter than distance between antennal bases. Pronotum specific, somewhat longer than wide, narrowed posteriorly; lateral margins faintly convex, posterior margin with broadly rounded posterior angles and convex section medially. Tegmina and wings well developed, unicolorous. Abdomen large, somewhat convex, depressed; lateral glandular folds on third tergite very small, those on fourth large. Ultimate tergite transverse, smooth, simple. Pygidium very small. Forceps (Fig. 963) elongate, branches depressed basally and medially, cylindrical apically; without a Forficula-type inner basal flange; inner margins with a small, but sharp, tooth ventrally. Genitalia (Fig. 964) characteristic, central parameral plate very broad, virga within genital lobe specific, short, with conspicuous basal vesicle; external parameres well developed, large. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 13-23 mm. Distribution: Guinea.

1

Fig. 963 Holotype ultimate tergite with forceps of Forficula fistula sp.n. Original.

Fig. 964 Holotype genital armature of Forficula fistula sp.n. Original.

607 10.

Forfícula brolemanni

BORELLI

1907 Forficula brolemanni BORELLI, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. R. Univ. Torino, 22 (573): 1; fig. (male in dorsal view). - Terra typica: Sudan (Type male: Mus. 1st. Zool. sist. Univ., Torino). 1973 Forficula brolemanni - BRINDLE, The Dermaptera of Africa, 1: 244; fig. 324 (male in dorsal view), 325 (male forceps, form macrolabic), 377 (male genitalia). Literature: BORELLI, 1915, 1923; BRINDLE, 1966, 1968, 1970; BURR, 1911; MENOZZI, 1928, 1935; REHN, 1924; SAKAI, 1973, 1982.

Description: Male head, pronotum, tegmina and wings yellowish to dark reddish-brown, rarely almost blackish-brown, unicolorous; antennae dark brown or brown; legs yellowish to dark reddish-brown. Cuticle mainly impunctate and glabrous, shiny, but abdominal tergites punctured, the punctures increasing in density on posterior tergites. Head transverse, tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures not visible, but position of coronal suture usually marked on occiput by a short dark longitudinal line; posterior margin of head concave in the middle. Eyes large, but somewhat shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint small, shorter than distance between antennal bases. Pronotum transverse, lateral margins rounded and curving smoothly into strongly convex posterior margin. Tegmina and wings fully developed. Abdomen long, depressed, more or less widened medially; lateral glandular folds on third tergite small, those on fourth tergite large. Ultimate tergite transverse, irregularly but strongly punctured, posterior margin raised into two swellings medially,

Figs 965 and 966 Brachylabic and macrolabic male forceps of Forficula brolemanni BORELLI. After BRINDLE.

Fig. 967

Male genital armature of Forficula

brolemanni BORELLI. After BRINDLE.

608 separated by a depressed longitudinal sulcus. Pygidium small. Both branches of forceps flattened basally, forming a rectangular inner flange, the inner margin of which is crenulated and often blackish; the distal part of the forceps shorter (Fig. 965, form microlabia) or longer (Fig. 966, form macrolabia); cylindrical, slightly curved. Genitalia (Fig. 967) specific; central parameral plate comparatively small, oval, virga within genital lobe short, basal vesicle incurved, and strongly sclerotized; external parameres normally developed, simple. - Female similar to male, but abdominal tergites less strongly punctured; both branches of forceps short, broad at base, narrowed distally, inner margin slightly crenulated basally; pygidium transverse or quadrate, posterior margin concave. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 11-15 mm. Distribution: Tropical Africa. 11.

Forficula senegalensis

SERVILLE

1839 Forficula senegalensis SERVILLE, Hist. nat. Ins. Orth., Paris: 39. - Terra typica: Senegal (Type male: unknown locality). 1865 Forficula serrata D O H R N (nec SERVILLE, 1839, and nec Liu, 1946), Stettiner ent. Ztg., 2 6 : 97. Terra typica: Sudan (Type male: Naturhist. Mus., Wien). 1900 Forficula senegalensis - BORMANS & KRAUSS, Das Tierreich, Berlin, 1 1 : 121; fig. 43a (male in dorsal view), 43b (female forceps) (Afrika, Indien). 1901 Forficula rodziankoi SEMENOV, Revue Russ. ent., 1: 48. - Terra typica: Abyssinia (Type male: unknown locality). - syn. n. 1907 Forficula imprevista BURR, Berl. ent. Z., 2: 206. - Terra typica: Tanzania (Type m^le: Mus. Naturkunde, Berlin). - syn. n. 1973 Forficula senegalensis - BRINDLE, The Dermaptera of Africa, 1: 246; fig. 325 (male in dorsal view), 326 (male forceps), 328 (female forceps) (Mali, Niger, Sudan, Ethiopia, Guinea, Ghana, Nigeria, Central African Republic, Congo, Uganda, Kenya, Zambia, Tanzania, Malawi, Mozambique, Rhodesia, Transvaal, Cape Province). Literature: BORELLI, 1909, 1914, 1915; BRINDLE, 1966, 1968, 1970; B U R R , 1908, 1911, 1912, 1913; HINCKS, 1 9 4 8 , 1 9 5 2 , 1 9 5 3 , 1 9 5 5 , 1 9 5 7 ; MENOZZI, 1 9 2 8 , 1 9 3 5 , 1 9 3 6 , 1 9 3 7 , 1 9 3 9 ; REHN, 1 9 2 5 , 1 9 3 3 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 7 5 , 1 9 7 9 , 1 9 8 1 ,

1989.

Description: Male head, pronotum, tegmina and wings yellowish-brown, tegmina and wings unicolorous or with sutures broadly dark brown; antennae brown or yellowish-brown; legs yellowish; abdomen blackish or very dark red; forceps reddish-brown or darker, inner margin of inner basal flange darkened. Cuticle of head, pronotum, tegmina and wings coriaceous, that of tegmina and wings also with scattered punctures, and sometimes with transverse striations anteriorly or near shoulders only; abdomen punctured finely or rather strongly on discs of tergites, more strongly laterally, the lateral surfaces sometimes being rugose. Head transverse, tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures present; lateral margins curving smoothly into almost straight posterior margin. Eyes rather large, but a little shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint shorter than distance between antennal bases. Pronotum transverse, lateral margins straight and curving into convex posterior margin, anterior angles marked, not sharp; median longitudinal furrow distinct. Tegmina and wings

609 long. Abdomen broad, depressed, wider medially; lateral glandular folds on third tergite very small, those on fourth large and prominent. Ultimate tergite transverse, cuticle with scattered punctures, depressed near posterior margin medially. Forceps almost cylindrical or elliptical in cross-section, both branches with an inner rectangular flange, the margins of flange approximate and serrated; distal part of forceps shorter (Fig. 968, form microlabia) or longer (Fig. 969, form macrolabia). Genitalia (Fig. 9 7 0 , gen. prep. No. 2 7 1 , det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) large; central parameral plate strongly widened apically or medially, virga within genital lobe of Forficula-type, short with sclerotized basal vesicle, the latter strongly curved; external parameres normally developed, obtuse apically. Female similar to male, but forceps (Fig. 971) with short branches, both branches wider at base, evenly narrowed distally, inner margins serrated on basal half. Length of body with forceps, male: 15-22 mm, female: 12-13 mm. Distribution: Africa.

Figs 968 and 969 Brachylabic and macrolabic male forceps of Forficula senegalensis SERVILLE. Original.

Fig. 970 Male genital armature of Forficula senegalensis SERVILLE. Original.

12. Forfícula apennina

Fig. 971 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Forficula senegalensis SERVILLE. Original.

COSTA

1881 Forficula (Apterygida) apennina COSTA, Atti Accad. Sci. Fis. Mat., Napoli, 9: 36;fig.7 (male in dorsal view). - Terra typica: Calabria (Type male: perhaps in Mus. Napoli). 1900 Forficula apennina-BORMANS & K R A U S S , Das Tierreich, Berlin, 1 1 : 1 2 6 ; fig. 45a (male in dorsal view), 45b (female abdominal end with forceps).

610 1933 Forficula apennina - MACCAGNO, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. R. Univ., Torino, 43 (40): 292; fig. 19a (male genitalia), 19b (pronotum). 1974 Forficula apennina - STEINMANN, Fauna Hung., 118: 39; fig. 28A (male forceps), 28B (male genitalia), 28C (pronotum and tegmina), 28D (female forceps). Literature: BURR, 1 9 0 7 , 1 9 1 1 , 1 9 1 2 ; CRAVERO, 1 9 1 8 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 9 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 7 5 , 1 9 8 9 .

Description: Male general clour dark reddish-brown; antennae and legs yellowish-brown, sometimes yellow; forceps orange or red, but basal inner lobe dark. Cuticle of head, pronotum and tegmina coriaceous, glabrous, abdominal tergites punctured. Head large, tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct, posterior margin concave in the middle. Eyes small, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint short and broad apically, shorter than distance between antennal bases. Pronotum transverse, lateral margins more or less straight, parallel, posterior margin convex; median longitudinal furrow distinct. Tegmina normally developed, longer than pronotum, posterior margin truncate. Wings absent. Abdomen well developed, large, depressed; lateral glandular folds on third tergite very small, those on fourth large. Ultimate tergite transverse, depressed medially near posterior margin, and ornamented with four smaller and obtuse tubercles. Pygidium small, more or less quadrate, posterior margin concave. Forceps (Fig. 972) not of Forficula-type, branches with a smaller basal inner lobe, and a further small, but sharp, tooth ventrally. Genitalia (Fig. 973, gen. prep. No. 187, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) typical; central parameral

Fig. 972 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Forficula apennina COSTA. Original.

Fig. 973 Male genital armature of Forficula apennina COSTA. Original.

Fig. 974 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Forficula apennina COSTA. Original.

611 plate normally developed, and widened medially, virga within genital lobe short, of Forfícula-type, external parameres well developed. - Female very similar to male, but forceps (Fig. 974) straight, wider at base, evenly narrowed apically. Length of body with forceps, male: 13-21 mm, female: 12-16 mm. Distribution: Italy. 13. Forficula lesnei

FINOT

1887 Forficula lesnei FINOT, Bull. Soc. ent. Fr., (6) 7: 189. - Terra typica: France (Type male: Mus. nation. Hist, nat., Paris). 1900 Forficula lesnei - BORMANS & KRAUSS, Das Tierreich, Berlin, 11: 125 (North-France, North-Spain, England). 1916 Forficula lesnei - BURR, J1R. microsc. Soc., 1916: 15; pi. 3, fig. 14 (male genitalia). 1974 Forficula lesnei - STEINMANN, F a u n a Hung., 118: 42; fig. 30A (pronotum and tegmina), 30B (male forceps), 30C (male genitalia), 30D (female forceps). L i t e r a t u r e : BURR, 1 9 1 1 ; CHOPARD, 1 9 2 2 ; HERRERA, 1 9 8 0 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 9 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 ,

1982.

Description: Male head reddish, antennae light brown; pronotum, tegmina, legs and forceps yellowish; abdominal tergites dark reddish-brown. Cuticle of head, pronotum and tegmina smooth, abdominal tergites faintly punctured. Head moderately small, rounded posteriorly, and somewhat longer than wide; postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct. Eyes prominent but very small, essentially shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint very small, shorter than distance between antennal bases. Pronotum transverse, lateral margins straight, very faintly widened posteriorly, posterior margin

Fig. 975 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Forficula lesnei FINOT. Original.

Fig. 976 Male genital armature of Forficula lesnei FINOT. A f t e r STEINMANN.

Fig. 977 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Forficula lesnei FINOT. Original.

612 convex; median longitudinal furrow present. Tegmina comparatively short, but longer than pronotum. Wings entirely absent. Abdomen well developed, broad, depressed, somewhat widened medially; lateral glandular folds on third tergite smaller, those on fourth larger. Ultimate tergite transverse, simple, smooth, somewhat depressed medially near posterior margin. Pygidium short, broadly rounded posteriorly. Forceps (Fig. 975) long; branches flattened basally, forming a longer rectangular inner flange, the distal end of the flange ending smoothly or with a blunt tooth; the inner margins of the flange are irregularly crenulated and excavate at base; distal end of forceps strongly curved, cylindrical. Genitalia (Fig. 976, gen. prep. No. 230, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) comparatively narrow and small; central parameral plate with genital lobe long, virga within genital lobe short, external parameres normally developed, broadly rounded apically. Female similar to male, but forceps (Fig. 977) simple, straight, tapering. - Length of body with forceps, male: 10-14, female: 9 - 1 2 mm. Distribution: Southern England, France, Spain, and Portugal. 14.

Forficula silana

COSTA

1881 Forficula ( Apterygida) silana COSTA, Atti Accad. Sci. Fis. Mat., Napoli, 9: 37; fig. 8 (male in dorsal view). - Terra typica: Italy (Type male: Zool. Mus., Napoli). 1882 Forficula targionii, BRUNNER, Prod. Eur. Orth.: 84. - Terra typica: Italy (Type unknown). 1918 Forficula silana - CRAVERO, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. R. Univ., Torino, 33 (730): 4; fig. 5 (male genitalia). 1933 Forficula silana - MACCAGNO, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. R. Univ., Torino, 43 (40): 284; fig. 16a (male genitalia), 16b (pronotum). 1981 Forficula silana - STEINMANN, Atti Soc. ital. Sci. nat. Mus. civ. Stor. nat. Milano, 1 2 2 ( 3 - 4 ) : 168; fig. 19 (male genitalia, gen. prep. No. 612, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) (Toscana). L i t e r a t u r e : B U R R , 1 9 0 7 , 1 9 1 1 ; K I R B Y , 1 9 0 4 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 9 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 .

Description: Male head and abdominal tergites dark reddish-brown; antennae, tegmina and pronotum light brown; legs yellowish; forceps yellowish-red, but inner margins darker. Cuticle of head, pronotum and tegmina smooth, glabrous, abdominal tergites faintly punctured, shiny. Head comparatively large, broad, tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures present, posterior margin concave in the middle. Eyes small, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint small, narrow, shorter than distance between antennal bases. Pronotum transverse, somewhat widened posteriorly, lateral margins straight, posterior angles broadly rounded, and last margin convex; median longitudinal furrow distinct. Tegmina short, but somewhat longer than pronotum. Wings absent. Abdomen broad, depressed, lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct. Ultimate tergite transverse, depressed medially near posterior margin. Pygidium hidden or invisible. Forceps (Fig. 978) comparatively short; branches flattened basally, forming a shorter rectangular flange; the inner margins of the flange are irregularly crenulated and excavate at the base. Genitalia (Fig. 979, gen. prep. No. 6 1 2 , det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) long; central parameral plate strongly widened

613 apically, virga within genital lobe short, of Forficula-type; external parameres well developed, straight, simple. - Female very similar to male, but forceps (Fig. 980) straight, evenly curved apically, branches somewhat expanded and depressed basally and medially, cylindrical apically. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 14-18 mm. Distribution: Italy.

Fig. 978 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Forficula silana COSTA. Original.

Fig. 979 Male genital armature of Forficula silana COSTA. Original.

15. Forficula aetolica

Fig. 980 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Forficula silana COSTA. Original.

BRUNNER

1882 Forficula aetolica BRUNNER, Prod. Eur. Orth.: 18. - Terra typica: Cyprus [Type male: BRUNNER'S Collection (in Naturhist. Mus., Wien)]. 1911 Forficula aetolica - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles 122: 81; pi. 3, fig. 16 (male in dorsal view) (Greece, Asia Minor, and Caucasus). 1916 Forficula aetolica - BURR, J1R. microsc. Soc., 1916: 15; pi. 3, fig. 9 (male genitalia). 1974 Forficula aetolica - STEINMANN, Fauna Hung., 118: 40; fig. 28E (male forceps), 28F (pronotum and tegmina), 28G (female forceps). L i t e r a t u r e : ADELUNG, 1 9 0 2 ; BEY-BIENKO, 1 9 3 6 ; BURR, 1 9 0 7 , 1 9 1 2 ; JACOBSON, 1 9 0 5 ; KIRBY, 1 9 0 4 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 9 ; RAMME, 1 9 2 7 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 .

Description: Male head, sometimes median part of pronotum, anterior abdominal tergites, yellowish-orange; legs, lateral portions of pronotum, and tegmina yellow; posterior abdominal tergites reddish-brown, forceps yellowish with darker inner margins. Body with very faint punctures, shiny. Head longer than wide, tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct, posterior margin convex. Eyes small, essentially shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First

614 antennal joint normally developed, but somewhat shorter than distance between antennal bases. Pronotum about as long as wide, somewhat widened posteriorly; lateral margins straight, posterior margin convex; median longitudinal furrow distinct or not visible. Tegmina comparatively short, about as long as pronotum measured along suture. Wings absent. Abdomen long, more or less parallel-sided or sometimes a little widened medially; median tergites with somewhat larger punctures; lateral glandular folds on third tergite small, those on tergite fourth large. Ultimate tergite transverse, depressed medially near posterior margin. Pygidium comparatively large, posterior margin concave. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 981) moderately short and slightly curved; inner basal flange short, inner margins of flange serrated; distal part of forceps cylindrical in crosssection. Genitalia (Fig. 982, gen. prep. No. 585 from Greece) large and broad; central parameral plate comparatively short, virga within genital lobe of Forficula-type, short; external parameres broad, as in Fig. 982. - Female similar to male, but pygidium narrow; forceps (Fig. 983) simple, tapering, somewhat flattened. - Length of body with forceps, in bot sexes: 12-16 mm. Distribution: Southern Crimea, Caucasus, Asia Minor, Lebanon, Greece and Cyprus.

Fig. 981 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Forficula aetolica BRUNNER. Original.

Fig. 982 Male genital armature of Forficula aetolica BRUNNER Original.

16. Forfícula decipiens

Fig. 983 Female ultímate tergite with fórceps of Forficula aetolica BRUNNER. Original.

GENE

1832 Forficula decipiens GENE, Saggio Monogr. Forf.: 7. - Terra typica: Italy (Type undesignated). 1832 Forficula pallidicollis BRULI.E, Exp. Horae, 3 (1): 81; pi. 29, fig. 2 (female in dorsal view). - Terra typica: Italy (Type female: unknown locality). 1838 Forficula brevis RAMBUR, France Ent. Andal., 2: 2. - Type unknown.

615 1881 Forficula laminigera COSTA, Viaggio Calabr.: 38; fig. 9 (female in dorsal view), 9a (male in dorsal view). - Terra typica: Italy (Type female: Zool. Mus., Napoli). 1911 Forficula decipiens - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 82 (South Europe, and North Africa). 1974 Forficula decipiens - STEINMANN, Fauna Hung., 118: 41; fig. 29A (male forceps), 29B (male genitalia), 29C (pronotum and tegmina), 29D (female forceps). L i t e r a t u r e : BEY-BIENKO, 1 9 3 6 ; BORMANS & KRAUSS, 1 9 0 0 ; H A R Z & KALTENBACH, 1 9 7 6 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 9 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 7 9 , 1 9 8 1 , 1 9 8 9 .

Description: Male somewhat similar in external characteristics to auricularia Head light yellowish-orange; pronotum, tegmina, legs and forceps yellowish; abdominal tergites reddish-brown. Cuticle shiny, glabrous. Head large, broad, tumid; postfrontal and coronal sutures distinct, posterior margin of head concave in the middle. Eyes typical, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint small, essentially shorter than distance between antennal bases. Pronotum transverse, lateral margins straight and parallel, posterior angles rounded, posterior margin convex; median longitudinal furrow indistinct. Tegmina comparatively long, longer than the length of the pronotum measured along suture. Wings absent. Abdomen depressed, more or less parallel-sided in superior view; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct. Ultimate tergite strongly transverse, somewhat depressed medially near posterior margin. Pygidium present, various in size and shaped. Forceps (Fig. 984) arcuate, strongly curved; branches flattened basally, forming a rectangular inner flange; the distal end of the flange ending smoothly or with a blunt tooth; inner margins of the flange ornamented with larger denticles. Genitalia (Fig. 985, gen. LINNAEAUS.

Fig. 984 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Forficula decipiens GENE. Original.

Fig. 985 Male genital armature of Forficula decipiens GENE. After STEINMANN.

Fig. 986 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Forficula decipiens GENE. Original.

616 prep. No. 4 9 9 , det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) normally developed; central parameral plate narrow, typical; virga within genital lobe short, of Forficula-type; external parameres straight, obtuse. - Female similar to male, but forceps (Fig. 986) simple, straight, tapering. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 13-17 mm. Distribution: Southern Europe from Spain in the west to Balkan Peninsula, including southern Dalmatia, and Transsylvania in the east, Asia Minor to Trebizond, and North Africa. 17. Forficula iberica

STEINMANN

1981 Forficula iberica STEINMANN, Folia ent. hung., 42 (34): 190; fig. 40 (male ultimate tergite with forceps), 41 (genitalia of holotype). - Terra typica: Zaragoza (Type male, gen. prep. No. 719, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN: Univ. Zool. Mus., Kabenhavn). L i t e r a t u r e : SAKAI, 1 9 8 2 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 8 3 , 1 9 8 9 .

Description: Male generally yellowish-brown; head ochraceous, shiny, pronotum and tegmina yellowish; antennae and legs light brown; abdominal tergites reddish-brown. Cuticle of head, pronotum, and tegmina smooth, glabrous, abdominal tergites faintly punctured. Head broad, tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures present. Eyes moderately small, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint very small, significantly shorter than distance between antennal bases. Pronotum about as long as wide, lateral margins parallel, posterior angles rounded, posterior margin convex; median longitudinal

Fig. 987 Holotype ultimate tergite with forceps of Forficula iberica

Fig. 988 Holotype genital armature oí Forficula iberica

STEINMANN. A f t e r

STEINMANN.

STEINMANN.

STEINMANN. A f t e r

Fig. 989 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Forficula iberica STEINMANN. Original.

617 furrow distinct. Tegmina short, only a little longer than pronotum. Wings absent. Abdomen normally developed, somewhat depressed and expanded to 5th and 6th abdominal tergites. Lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 present. Ultimate tergite broad, transverse, simple. Pygidium very small. Forceps (Fig. 987) elongate, somewhat laminate basally, but inner margins of the flange without parallel section, and irregularly crenulated; branches with a single inner tooth medially. Genitalia (Fig. 988) characteristic; central parameral plate narrow, virga within genital lobe not of Forfícula-type, with a specific basal vesicle; external parameres moderately short and narrow. - Female similar to male, but forceps (Fig. 989) simple, contiguous, tapering, straight. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 11-13 mm. Distribution: Spain. 18. Forfícula hiromasai

NISHIKAWA

1970 Forfícula hiromasai NISHIKAWA, Kontyü, 38 (1): 80; fig. 3a (male in dorsal view), 3b (male forceps), 3c (female forceps), 3d (pygidium), 4c (genitalia of holotype). - Terra typica: Japan (Type male: NISHIKAWA'S Collection). Literature: SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 .

Description: Male colour dark reddish to reddish-brown; head and forceps reddish; antennae and legs yellowish, sometimes brown; tegmina slightly lighter than pronotum. Head moderately large, feebly convex; postfrontal sutures indistinct, coronal suture present, short; posterior margin of head somewhat concave in the middle. Eyes prominent, but small, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint about as long as distance between antennal bases. Pronotum nearly as wide as head and nearly as long as wide; narrowed posteriorly; lateral margins more or less straight, posterior angles broadly rounded, posterior margin convex; median longitudinal furrow distinct in prozona. Tegmina wider than pronotum, with sides slightly rounded. Wings absent. Abdomen depressed, feebly dilated near the middle; all tergites very densely and clearly punctured, especially on the anterior part of each tergite; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct but small. Ultimate tergite transverse, very feebly dilated posteriorly; mammiform projections over the roots of forceps very distinct in form macrolabia, but sometimes indistinct in form cyclolabia. Pygidium well developed, posterior margin concave. Forceps (Fig. 990) flattened basally, forming a short rectangular inner flange, the inner margins of the flange more or less parallel or concave, distal part of the forceps cylindrical in cross-section, slender, arcuate. Genitalia (Fig. 991) normally developed; central parameral plate narrow and short, virga within genital lobe short, more or less of Forfícula-type. External parameres typical, broadly rounded apically. - Female similar to male, but ultimate tergite almost without mammiform projections over the roots of the forceps, but with a very shallow longitudinal median impression; forceps (Fig. 992) almost straight, simple,

618

trigonal and short, inner margins feebly crenulate. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 12-17 mm. Distribution: Japan.

Fig. 990 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Forficula hiromasai NISHIKAWA. After

Fig. 991 Holotype genital armature of Forficula hiromasai NISHIKAWA. After NISHIKAWA.

NISHIKAWA.

Fig. 992 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Forficula hiromasai NISHIKAWA. After NISHIKAWA.

19. Forficula tomis

(KOLENATI)

1846 Chelidura tomis KOLENATI (nec BORMANS, 1900), Malet. Ent., 5: 74; pi. 17, fig. 6a (male in dorsal view), 6b (female in dorsal view). - Terra typica: Armenia (Type unknown). 1846 Chelidura tomis var. scidens KOLENATI, Malet. Ent., 5: 74; pi. 17, fig. 6c (male in dorsal view). 1849 Forficula hellmanni KITTARY, Bull. Soc. nat. Moscou, 22 (4): 438. - Type unknown. 1859 Forficula elongata EVERSMAN (nec FABRICIUS, 1793), Bull. Soc. nat. Moscou, 32: 123. - Type unknown. 1900 Forficula tomis - BORMANS & KRAUSS, Das Tierreich, Berlin, 11:124 (Armenia, Transcaucasia, Khirgiz-steppe, Turkestan, Amur-region, Japan). 1903 Forficula pomerantzevi SEMENOV, Revue Russ. ent., 3: 20. - Type unknown. 1906 Forficula mesmini AZAM, Bull. Soc. ent. Fr., 1906: 81. - Type unknown. 1936 Forficula tomis - BEY-BIENKO, Faune de l'URSS, Dermaptera: 137; fig. 10a (forceps of brachylabia male), 10b (ditto, of macrolabia male), 37 (male in dorsal view), 38 (male genitalia) European part of U S S R from Moscow, Vitebsk, Vladimir, Gorkij, Kirov, Perm and Sverdlovsk in the north to western Ukraine, the Crimea and Ciscaucasia in the south, Bessarabia, Caucasus, Turkish Armenia, Astrakhan district, western Siberia, Kazakstan, mountains of Central Asia from Sungarian Alatau to Zeravshan Valley, Pamir and eastern Thien-Shan). 1979 Forficula tomis - STEINMANN, Folia ent., hung., 32: 174 (gen. prep. N o . 418, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) (Korea). Literature: BEY-BIENKO, 1 9 4 6 ; BRUNNER, 1 8 8 2 ; BURR, 1 9 0 7 , 1 9 0 8 , 1 9 1 1 , 1 9 1 2 ; JACOBSON, 1 9 0 2 ; KIRBY, 1 9 0 4 ; MATSUMURA, 1 9 0 4 ; MATSUMURA & SHIRAKI, 1 9 0 5 ; MENOZZI, 1 9 2 7 ; MISTSHENKO, 1949; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 9 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 7 4 , 1 9 7 5 , 1 9 7 9 , 1 9 8 3 , 1 9 8 5 .

619

Description: Male general colour dark reddish-brown; head brownish; antennae brown; pronotum and tegmina lighter or darker yellow, but pronotum sometimes with two dark longitudinal bands; legs yellowish-brown. Cuticle generally coriaceous, abdominal tergites with faint punctures. Head large, broad, tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures distinct or sometimes indistinct, posterior margin concave in the middle. Eyes typical, small, shorter than the length of head behind eyes, first antennal joint comparatively narrow, shorter than distance between antennal bases. Pronotum transverse, somewhat widened posteriorly; lateral margins straight or finely convex, posterior margin convex or rounded; median longitudinal furrow present. Tegmina short, but somewhat longer than pronotum. Wings absent. Abdomen moderately short, broad, depressed, widened medially; lateral glandular folds on third tergite small, those on fourth large. Ultimate tergite transverse, smooth, depressed medially near posterior margin. Pygidium small, rounded posteriorly. Forceps (Fig. 993) comparatively short (original form microlabia); flattened basally, forming a rectangular inner flange; the flange about as long as half the length of the forceps; inner margins of the flange parallel and strongly crenulated. Genitalia (Fig. 994, gen. prep. No. 964, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) typical for the genus; virga within genital lobe long, longer than external parameres; basal vesicle undulate; external parameres well developed, outer margins without excision medially. -

Fig. 993 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Forficula tomis (KOLENATI). After STEINMANN.

Fig. 994 Male genitalia of Forficula tomis (KOLENATI). After STEINMANN.

Fig. 995 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Forficula tomis (KOLENATI). Original.

620 Female similar to male, but forceps (Fig. 995) simple, straight, tapering, contiguous. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 15-19 mm. Distribution: European part of USSR, Transcaucasia, Siberia, Afghanistan, Korea, and Japan.

20.

Forficula scudderi

BORMANS

1880 Forficula scudderi BORMANS, Annls Soc. esp. Hist, nat., 5 (9): 514. - Terra typica: Japan (Type female: unknown locality). 1900 Forficula scudderi - BORMANS & KRAUSS, Das Tierreich, Berlin, 11: 124 [proposed synonymy w i t h tomis

(KOLENATI, 1 8 4 6 ) ] .

1908 Forficula robusta SEMENOV, Ent. Obozr., 2: 166. - Terra typica: Siberia (Type male: Zool. Inst. Mus. Acad. Sci. URSS, Leningrad). 1911 Forficula scudderi - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 81 (as synonym of robusta SEMENOV, 1908). 1936 Forficula robusta - BEY-BIENKO, Faune de l'URSS, Dermaptera: 139; fig. 39 (male, with macrolabic forceps), 40 (ditto, with brachylabic forceps). 1970 Forficula scudderi - NISHIKAWA, Kontyu. 38 (1): 76; fig. l a (male in dorsal view), l b (ultimate tergite with forceps of cyclolabic male), lc (ditto, female), l d - e (female pygidium), 4a (male genitalia) (Japan). L i t e r a t u r e : BEY-BIENKO, 1 9 3 4 ; FURUKAWA, 1 9 6 6 ; HEBARD: 1 9 3 3 ; KIRBY, 1 9 0 4 ; MATSUMURA, 1 9 3 3 ; ORTIZ, 1 9 6 9 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 9 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; SHIRAKI, 1 9 2 8 , 1 9 4 1 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 7 5 , 1 9 8 9 ; Wu, 1 9 3 5 .

Description: Male colour dark brown, with antennae, sides of pronotum and legs yellowish to reddish-brown, and sometimes head and forceps reddishbrown. Head moderately convex, postfrontal and coronal sutures distinct, posterior margin convex. Eyes moderately large, but somewhat shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint about as long as distance between antennal bases or somewhat shorter. Pronotum nearly as wide as head, as long as wide, and slightly widened posteriorly; lateral margins straight, posterior margin convex; median longitudinal furrow present; prozona tumid, but depressed at the sides. Tegmina wider and longer than pronotum, surface clearly punctured. Wings absent. Abdomen expanded about the 6th segment; all tergites very densely and clearly punctured; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 small but distinct. Ultimate tergite transverse, with the sides slightly constricted posteriorly; depressed medially near posterior margin. Pygidium short, broadly rounded posteriorly. Forceps flattened basally, forming a rectangular flange; distal part of the forceps shorter (Fig. 996, form cyclolabia), or longer (Fig. 997, form macrolabia); cylindrical in cross-section and curved. Genitalia (Fig. 998, gen. prep. No. 170, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) broad; central parameral plate short and strongly widened apically, virga within genital lobe short, and with a strongly curved basal vesicle; external parameres well developed, broadly rounded apically. - Female very similar to male, but abdomen wider; ultimate tergite more strongly narrowed posteriorly; pygidium more prominent, varied in shape, posterior margin concave. Forceps (Fig. 999) almost straight, simple, rather

621 elongate and trigonal, with inner margins feebly crenulate. - Length of body with forceps, male: 19-24 mm, female: 15-23 mm. Distribution: Ussuri region from Vladivostok to Khabarovsk, Sakhalin, Korea, Manchuria, northeastern China, and Japan.

Figs 996 and 997 Cyclolabic and macrolabic male forceps of Forfícula scudderi BORMANS. After

Fig. 998 Male genital armature of Forfícula scudderi BORMANS. Original.

Fig. 999 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Forfícula scudderi BORMANS. Original.

NISHIKAWA.

21. Forfícula paratomis

STEINMANN

1985 Forfícula paratomis STEINMANN, Folia ent. hung., 46 (1): 169; fig. 13 (male ultimate tergite with forceps), 14 (genitalia of holotype). - Terra typica: Armenia (Type male, gen. prep. No. 965, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN: Zool. Inst. Mus., Yerevan).

Description: Male head reddish-brown, pronotum bicolorous, yellow laterally, disc with two longitudinal brownish-black stripes, median furrow yellow; tegmina brownish-black with an oval central patch medially; legs yellow; abdomen blackish, forceps dark red. Cuticle punctured and pubescent. Head large, slightly longer than wider; postfrontal and coronal sutures well marked. Eyes comparatively large, but shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae 11-jointed; first joint long, about as long as distance between antennal bases. Pronotum transverse, lateral margins straight, parallel, posterior margin rounded; median longitudinal furrow distinct. Tegmina short, but somewhat longer than pronotum; posterior margins truncate. Wings absent. Abdomen

622 fusiform, somewhat depressed, lateral glandular folds on third tergite small, those on fourth large. Ultimate tergite large, transverse, somewhat depressed medially near posterior margin. Pygidium well developed, dorsal part rounded, ventral part flattened, posterior margin concave. Forceps (Fig. 1000) very long, flattened basally, forming a longer rectangular inner flange; inner margins of the flange parallel with numerous tubercles; the distal end of the flange ending smoothly or with a blunt tooth. Distal part of forceps cylindrical, arcuate, regularly curved apically. Genitalia (Fig. 1001) comparatively short and wide; central parameral plate well developed, virga within genital lobe moderately short, shorter than length of external parameres. Basal vesicle of virga prominent. External parameres well developed. - Female similar to male, but forceps (Fig. 1002) simple, elongate, slender. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 18-31 mm. Distribution: USSR: Armenia.

Fig. 1000 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Forficula paratomis

Fig. 1001 Holotype genital armature of Forficula paratomis STEINMANN. After

Fig. 1002 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Forficula paratomis

STEINMANN. After

STEINMANN.

STEINMANN. Original.

STEINMANN.

22.

Forficula smyrnensis

SERVILLE

1839 Forficula smyrnensis SERVILLE, Hist. nat. Ins. Orth., Paris: 38. - Terra typica: Turkey (Type male: SERVTLLE'S Collection). 1 9 0 0 Forficula smyrnensis - BORMANS & KRAUSS, Das Tierreich, Berlin, 11: 1 2 3 (Corsica, Greece, Turkey, Asia minor). 1936 Forficula smyrnensis - BEY-BIENKO, Faune de l'URSS, Dermaptera: 145 (Corsica, Southern

623 Balkans, Syria, Asi Minor including Turkish Armenia, eastern Transcaucasia, Black-Sea coast of Caucasus from Batum in the South to Novorossijsk in the north, southern Crimea). 1954 Forficula smyrnensis - BOESEMAN, Zool. Verh. Leiden, 21: 106 (Yugoslavia). 1975 Forficula smyrnensis - STEINMANN, Acta Mus. Morav., 60:160 (gen. prep. No. 188, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) (Bulgaria).

1983 Forficula smyrnensis - STEINMANN, Reichenbachia, 21 (7): 57 (Hungary, Bulgaria, Kirghisia). Literature: AZAN, 1901; BRINDLE, 1964; BRUNNER, 1882; BURR, 1907, 1911, 1912; CHOPARD, 1922; DOHRN, 1865; FINOT, 1890; JAKOBSON, 1905; KIRBY, 1904; ORITZ, 1969; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1969; SAKAI, 1973, 1982; STEINMANN, 1974, 1979, 1989; ZACHER, 1912.

Description: Male head reddish-orange; antennae light brown; pronotum and legs yellowish; tegmina and wings dark reddish-brown with large, oval yellowish patches; abdominal tergites and forceps dark red or reddish-black. Head somewhat longer than wide, tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures distinct, posterior margin straight or somewhat concave in the middle. Eyes normally developed, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint shorter than distance between antennal bases. Pronotum transverse, lateral margins more or less parallel, posterior angles with margin broadly rounded; median longitudinal furrow present. Tegmina comparatively short, the median yellowish patch consipicuous. Wings well developed, yellow, but sutural margins ornamented with longitudinal dark brownish bands. Abdomen fully developed, elongated, depressed, lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct. Ultimate tergite transverse, depressed medially near posterior margin. Pygidium small but prominent, generally transverse, posterior margin with or without smaller

Fig. 1003 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Forficula smyrnensis

smyrnensis

SERVILLE. Original.

Original.

Fig. 1004 Male genital armature of Forficula SERVILLE.

Fig. 1005 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Forficula smyrnensis SERVILLE. Original.

624 tubercles. Forceps (Fig. 1003) not of Forficula-type; branches forming basally a smaller or larger inner lobe. Dorsal surface of the inner lobe with a larger blunt denticle dorsally. Distal part of the forceps arcuate, and cylindrical in crosssection. Genitalia (Fig. 1004) characteristic, not of Forficula-type; central parameral plate strongly widened medially, virga within genital lobe very long and associated with a specific basal vesicle; external parameres widened medially and rounded apically. - Female very similar to male, but forceps (Fig. 1005) simple, tapering, elongate. - Length of body with forceps, male: 2 0 - 2 6 , female: 18-22 mm. Distribution: Hungary, Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, Corsica, Turkey, Lebanon, Iraq, Caucasus, Syria, coast of Black Sea. 23.

Forficula mikado

BURR

1904 Forficula mikado BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. London, 1904: 319. - Terra typica: Japan (Type male: Brit. Mus. Nat. Hist., London). 1905 Apterygida longipygi MATSUMURA & SHIRAKI, J. Coll. Sapporo, 1: 84; fig. 2a (male in dorsal view), 2b (female forceps). - Terra typica: Hokkaido (Type male: unknown locality). 1905 Chelidura diminuta MATSUMURA & SHIRAKI, J. Coll. Sapporo, 1: 85; fig. 3a (male in dorsal view), 3b (female forceps). - Terra typica: Hokkaido (Type male: unknown locality). 1912 Forficula mikado - ZACHER, Wiss. Insektenbiol., 8: 282; fig. 16 (male genitalia). 1970 Forficula mikado - NISHIKAWA, Kontyu, 38 (1): 78; fig. 2a (male in dorsal view), 2b (ultimate tergite and forceps of cyclolabic male), 2c (ditto, female), 2d (female pygidium), 4b (male genitalia). L i t e r a t u r e : BEY-BIENKO, 1 9 3 6 ; BORELLI, 1 9 2 7 ; BURR, 1 9 1 1 , 1 9 1 6 ; RURUKAWA, 1 9 6 6 ; HEBARD, 1 9 3 3 ; KAMIYA, 1 9 6 5 ; MATSUMURA, 1 9 3 3 , 1 9 3 5 ; MITSUHASHI, 1 9 3 7 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 9 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; SHIRAKI, 1 9 2 8 .

Description: Male colour reddish to blackish-brown; sides of pronotum reddish-brown; tegmina and wings reddish or yellowish-red, sometimes yellowish; abdominal tergites and forceps dark red. Cuticle coriaceous, except abdominal tergites punctured. Head large, broad, tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures present, posterior margin of head convex. Eyes typical, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint small, essentially shorter than distance between antennal bases. Pronotum nearly as wide as head, and about as long as wide, lateral margins more or less parallel, posterior margin rounded; median longitudinal furrow distinct in prozona. Tegmina and wings comparatively short. Abdomen dilated about the 6th segment; all tergites closely and clearly punctured; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct, but small. Ultimate tergite transverse, nearly parallel-sided or somewhat narrowed posteriorly; depressed medially near posterior margin. Posterior margin of ultimate tergite sinuate medially, elevations over the roots of the forceps distinct in macrolabia, but very feebly distinct in cyclolabia forms. Pygidium long, slightly longer than wide, posterior margin concave. Forceps of Forficula-type; branches flattened basally, forming a rectangular inner flange; distal part of the forceps short (Fig. 1006, form cyclolabia), or long (Fig. 1007, form macrolabia);

625 cylindrical and less curved apically. Genitalia (Fig. 1008) narrow; central parameral plate elongate, virga within genital lobe medium-size and associated with a specific basal vesicle; external parameres normally developed, but somewhat narrowed apically. - Female similar to male, but abdomen wider, ultimate tergite without elevations; forceps (Fig. 1009) almost straight, except near the apices where they are incurved abruptly; trigonal and rather slender. Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 11-20 mm. Distribution: Japan, and Korea.

Figs 1006 and 1007 Cyclolabis and macrolabic male forceps of Forfícula mikado BURR. Original. 24.

Fig. 1008 Male genital armature of Forfícula mikado BURR. After

Fig. 1009 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Forfícula mikado BURR.

NISHIKAWA.

After NISHIKAWA.

Forfícula laeviforceps

CHOPARD

1938 Forfícula laeviforceps CHOPARD, Revue Fr. ent., 4: 235. - Terra typica: Madeira (Type unknown). 1 9 6 9 Forfícula laeviforceps-BRINDLE, Bolm Mus. munic. Funchal, 23 ( 1 0 3 ) : 16; fig. 8 (male forceps). Literature: POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 9 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 .

Description: Male general colour dark reddish-brown; lateral margins of pronotum yellowish. Cuticle shiny, anterior part of body coriaceous, posterior part punctured. Head large, broad, tumid; postfrontal and coronal sutures faintly visible; posterior margin of head concave in the middle. Eyes typical, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint small, shorter than distance between antennal bases. Pronotum transverse, anterior margin transversely truncate, posterior margin with angles broadly rounded, lateral margins convex; median longitudinal furrow distinct in prozona. Tegmina and wings normally developed. Abdomen fusiform, somewhat widened medially,

626 depressed; lateral glandular folds on third tergite small, those on fourth large. Ultimate tergite transverse, smooth, simple, somewhat depressed medially near posterior margin. Pygidium small, trigonal. Forceps (Fig. 1010) of Forficulatype, flattened basally, forming a medium-size, rectangular inner flange; inner margins of the flange parallel and serrated; distal part of forceps arcuate, regularly curved apically. Genitalia (Fig. 1011, gen. prep. No. 416, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) very narrow; central parameral plate comparatively short and narrow, virga within genital lobe medium-size, basal vesicle small and straight, external parameres conspicuous, as in Fig. 1011. - Female similar to male, but ultimate tergite somewhat sloping, forceps simple, tapering, straight. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 14-16 mm. Distribution: Madeira.

Fig. 1010 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Forficula laevìforceps CHOPARD. Originai.

25.

Fig. 1011 Male genital armature of Forficula laeviforceps CHOPARD. Originai.

Forficula abrutiana

BORELLI

1916 Forficula abrutiana BORELLI, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. R. Univ., Torino, 31 (711): 1; fig. (male abdomen with forceps). - Terra typica: Abruzzi (Italy) (Type male: unknown locality). 1918 Forficula abrutiana - CRAVERO, Boll. Musei Zool. Anat. comp. R. Univ., Torino, 33 (730): 5; fig. 7 (male genitalia). Literature: MACCAGNO, 1 9 3 3 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 .

Description: Male general colour reddish-brown; lateral margins of pronotum and legs yellowish; antennae brown, forceps reddish. Head comparatively small, tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct, posterior margin of head

627 somewhat concave in the middle. Eyes typical, small, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae 14-jointed (after BORELLI); first joint small, shorter than distance between antennal bases. Pronotum subrectangular; lateral margins more or less straight and parallel, posterior angles with margin rounded; median longitudinal furrow present. Tegmina and wings normally developed. Abdomen fusiform, slightly widened medially, all tergites faintly punctured; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct. Ultimate tergite transverse, slightly depressed medially near posterior margin. Pygidium very small. Forceps (Fig. 1012) of Forficula-type; branches flattened basally, forming a rectangular inner flange; the inner margins of the flange are parallel and crenulated or serrated; the distal end of the flange ending smoothly or with a blunt tooth; distal portion of the forceps arcuate, cylindrical. - Female very similar to male, but forceps shorter, slender, tapering, straight and simple. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 16-19 mm. Distribution: Italy.

Fig. 1012 Holotype ultimate tergite with forceps of Forficula abrutiana BORELLI. Original.

26.

Forficula ruficollis

FABRICIUS

1798 Forficula ruficollis FABRICIUS, Ent. Syst. Suppl.: 185. - Terra typica: Tanger (Type male: Zool. Mus., Lund). 1838 Forficula baetica RAMBUR, Faune ent. Andal., 11: 6; pi. 1, fig. 6 (male in dorsal view), 7 (male forceps), 8 (female forceps). - Terra typica: Spain (Type male: Mus. Cienc. nat., Madrid). 1900 Forficula ruficollis - BORMANS & KRAUSS, Das Tierreich, Berlin, 11: 124 (Spain, Portugal). 1911 Forficula ruficollis - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 81 (South Spain, Portugal, Morocco, Algeria). 1974 Forficula ruficollis - STEINMANN, Fauna Hung., 118: 38; fig. 27G (male forceps), 27H (male genitalia). L i t e r a t u r e : BOLIVAR, 1 8 7 6 , 1 9 1 4 ; AGACINO, 1 9 5 1 ; BURR, 1 9 1 2 ; CHOPARD, 1 9 4 3 ; DOHRN, 1 8 6 5 ; BRUNNER, 1 8 8 2 ; FISCHER, 1 8 5 3 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 9 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 7 8 ; ZACHER, 1 9 1 2 .

Description: Male large and broad, somewhat similar to species of Anechura. General colour dark reddish-black or reddish-brown; head with antennae,

628 pronotum, tegmina and legs light reddish-yellow or orange; forceps red; posterior part of pronotum sometimes darker. Head normally developed, tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct, posterior margin concave in the middle. Eyes prominent but small, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint narrowed basally, and widened apically, shorter than distance between antennal bases. Pronotum transverse, lateral margins more or less parallel and straight, posterior angles broadly rounded, posterior margin convex; median longitudinal furrow present. Tegmina comparatively short, wings very short, of the same colour as the tegmina. Abdomen large, broad, somewhat widened medially; lateral glandular folds present on tergites 3-4. Ultimate tergite transverse, simple, smooth, with a weak depression medially near posterior margin. Pygidium comparatively large, generally pentagonal. Forceps (Fig. 1013) of Forficula-type; branches with prominent inner basal flange; the flange comparatively short, shorter than half the length of the forceps; inner margins of the flange ornamented with larger denticles; distal portion of the forceps less curved. Genitalia (Fig. 1014) large; central parameral plate widened medially, virga within genital lobe long, basal vesicle not of Forficula-type; external parameres fully developed, obtuse. - Female similar to male, but tegmina sometimes with light brownish patches medially; forceps (Fig. 1015)

Fig. 1013 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Forficula ruficollis

Fig. 1014 Male genital armature of Forficula ruficollis FABRICIUS. After

Fig. 1015 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Forficula ruficollis

FABRICIUS. O r i g i n a l .

STEINMANN.

FABRICIUS. O r i g i n a l .

629 shorter; branches somewhat flattened medially and basally. - Length of body with forceps, male: 17-22 mm, female: 13-19 mm. Distribution: Spain, Portugal, Morocco, and Algeria. 27.

Forficula riffensis

BURR

1909 Forficula riffensis BURR, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (6) 4:119. - Terra typica: Morocco (Type male: Mus. Cienc. nat., Madrid). 1914 Forficula ruficollis BOLIVAR (nec FABRICIOUS, 1798), Mem. R. Soc. esp. Hist, nat., 8:103. - Type unknown. 1947 Forficula riffensis var. euptera HINCKS, Ark. Zool., Uppsala, 39A (1): 280. 1943 Forficula ruficollis CHOPARD (error), Orth. Afr. d ' N o r d : 423. 1951 Forficula ruficollis BOLIVAR, AGACINO, EOS. Madrid, 27: 261 (proposed synonymy with riffensis BURR, 1 9 0 9 ) . L i t e r a t u r e : BURR, 1 9 1 1 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 9 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 7 8 , 1 9 8 9 .

Description: Male head with antennae, pronotum, legs yellowish-brown; tegmina, abdominal tergites dark brownish-red; forceps dark red; wings yellow. Head comparatively small, tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures faintly visible, posterior margin of head concave in the middle. Eyes moderately large, but shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint well developed, about as long as distance between antennal bases. Pronotum transverse, anterior and posterior angles rounded, lateral margins more or less straight, posterior margin strongly convex; median longitudinal furrow distinct in prozona. Tegmina normally developed or somewhat shorter, shiny, smooth, wings very short. Abdomen moderately short and broad, depressed, lateral glandular folds on third tergite very small, those on fourth large. Ultimate tergite transverse,

Fig. 1016 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Forficula riffensis BURR. Original.

Fig. 1017 Male genital armature of Forficula riffensis BURR. Original.

630 simple, smooth, median depression mear posterior margin very small. Pygidium triangular. Forceps (Fig. 1016) fully developed, very long; branches flattened basally, forming a rectangular inner flange; inner margins of the flange faintly convex; distal portion of forceps arcuate, cylindrical. Genitalia (Fig. 1017, gen. prep. No. 953, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) large; central parameral plate broad, oval, virga within genital lobe medium-size, basal vesicle well developed; external parameres normally developed, obtuse apically. - Female very similar to male, but pygidium shorter, and forceps simple, tapering, straight. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 18-27 mm. Distribution: South Spain, and Morocco. 28.

Forficula sagitta

SEMENOV

Forficula sagitta SEMENOV, in BEY-BIENKO, Faune de L ' U R S S , Dermaptera: 1 3 5 . - Terra typica: Turkmenia (Type male: Zool. Inst. Mus. Acad. Sci. URSS, Leningrad). 1947 Forficula sagitta - HINCKS, Ark. Zool., Uppsala, 39A (1): 36 (Burma, Sikkim). 1967 Forficula sagitta rufula BEY-BIENKO, Acta ent. Boh., 64 (6): 433; fig. 18 (male ultimate tergite with forceps), 19 (genitalia of holotype). - Terra typica: Nuristan (Type male: Termeszettudomany Muzeum, Budapest). - stat. n. as only var. rufula. 1975 Forficula sagitta - STEINMANN, Folia ent. hung., 28 (1): 174; fig. 68 (male genitalia, gen. prep. No. 549, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) (Eastern Transcaucasia, south-west Turkmenia, and Taskent). 1936

L i t e r a t u r e : POPHAM & STEINMANN, 1 9 8 5 ,

BRINDLE,

1 9 6 9 ; SAKAI,

1973,

1 9 8 2 ; SEMENOV, 1 9 4 0 ; SRIVASTAVA,

1976;

1989.

Description: Male head and antennae light brown, pronotum, tegmina, wings and legs yellowish (typical form) or head reddish, antennae dark brown;pronotum, tegmina, wings and legs reddish-yellow (form or var. rufula)-, abdominal tergites dark reddish-brown, forceps reddish. Head somewhat longer

Fig. 1018 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Forficula sagitta SEMENOV. Original.

Fig. 1019 Male genital armature oí Forficula sagitta SEMENOV. Original.

Fig. 1020 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Forficula sagitta SEMENOV. Original.

631 than wide, tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct, posterior margin convex, straight or somewhat concave in the middle. Eyes small, typical, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint well developed, only somewhat shorter than distance between antennal bases. Pronotum transverse, lateral margins straight and parallel, posterior angles and margin broadly rounded; median longitudinal furrow distinct in prozona. Tegmina moderately short, wings very short, only the tips visible. Abdomen normally developed, somewhat fusiform, widened medially; lateral glandular folds on third tergite very small, those on fourth larger. Ultimate tergite transverse, simple, smooth, median depression near posterior margin small. Pygidium very small. Forceps (Fig. 1018) of Forficula-type; branches strongly flattened basally and medially; the flange long, longer than half the length of the forceps; inner margins of the flange parallel, with faint serrations. Genitalia (Fig. 1019, gen. prep. No. 549, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) moderately short; central parameral plate broad, virga within genital lobe of Forficula-type, short, basal vesicle comparatively large and strongly sclerotized; external parameres well developed. - Female similar to male, but forceps (Fig. 1020) straight, simple, tapering. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 13-16 mm. Distribution: Eastern Transcaucasia, Armenia, southwestern Turkmenia, Tashkent, Burma, and Sikkim. 29.

Forficula vicaria

SEMENOV

1902 Forficula vicaria SEMENOV, Revue Russ. ent., 2:99; fig. 1 (female in dorsal view). - Terra typica: Korea (Type female: Zool. Inst. Mus. Acad. Sci. URSS, Leningrad). 1907 Forficula burriana SEMENOV, Entomologist's month. Mag., (21) 18: 232. - Terra typica: China: Gansu (Type male: Zool. Inst. Mus. Acad. Sci. URSS, Leningrad. - syn. n. 1936 Forficula vicaria - BEY-BIENKO, Faune de l'URSS, Dermaptera: 149; fig. 43 (male in dorsal view) (Far eastern Siberia from lower course of Amur to Vladivostok, Korea, Manchuria, northeastern China). 1975 Forficula vicaria - STEINMANN, Folia ent. hung., 28 (1): 170; fig. 52 (male genitalia, gen. prep. N o . 2 4 9 , d e t . D r . H . STEINMANN).

1979 Forficula vicaria - STEINMANN, Folia ent. hung., 32: 174 (gen. prep. No. 414, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN from Korea). L i t e r a t u r e : BURR, 1 9 0 7 , 1 9 1 1 ; BORELLI, 1 9 1 5 ; CAUDELL, 1 9 2 7 ; HEBARD, 1 9 3 3 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 9 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 .

Description: Male head, median part of pronotum, tegmina, wings, and abdominal tergites dark reddish-brown, sometimes reddish-black; antennae, legs, and forceps light brown or yellowish-brown. Head moderately small, tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures present, posterior margin of head concave in the middle. Eyes rounded, prominent but small, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint normally developed, but somewhat shorter than distance between antennal bases. Pronotum about as long as wide, lateral margins straight, parallel and yellowish, posterior margin convex; median longitudinal furrow distinct on prozona. Tegmina moderately short, wings small,

632 short. Abdomen well developed, fusiform, narrowed basally and somewhat narrowed apically; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct. Ultimate tergite transverse, simple, smooth. Forceps (Fig. 1021) similar to auricularia LINNAEUS, inner basal flange without parallel inner margins; inner margins of the flange with smaller or larger denticles and tubercles; distal portion of forceps cylindrical in cross-section and regularly curved apically. Genitalia (Fig. 1022, gen. prep. No. 249, det. Dr. H . STEINMANN from Korea) specific; central parameral plate widened apically, virga within genital lobe not of Forficula-type, long and associated with a strongly sclerotized basal vesicle; external parameres fully developed. - Female similar to male, but pygidium larger, and forceps (Fig. 1023) straight, simple, tapering, contigous. - Length of body with forceps in bot sexes: 11-16 mm. Distribution: East Siberia, Manchuria, Mongolia, Korea and Japan.

Fig. 1021 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Forficula

Original.

vicaria

SEMENOV.

Fig. 1022 Male genital armature of Forficula vicaria

Fig. 1023 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of

SEMENOV. O r i g i n a l .

Forficula

vicaria

SEMENOV.

Original.

30. Forficula lurida FISCHER 1853 Forficula lurida FISCHER, Orth. Eur.: 75; pi. 6; fig. 12 (male in dorsal view). - Terra typica: Istambul (Turkey) (Type male: unknown locality). 1900 Forficula lurida - BORMANS & KRAUSS, Das Tierreich, Berlin, 11: 123 (Turkey, Greece, Syria, Iran). 1900 Forficula orientalis BURR, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (7) 8: 82; pi. 4, fig. 7 (male in dorsal view). Type unknown.

633 1974 Forficula lurida - STEINMANN, Fauna Hung., 118: 38; fig. 27 A (male forceps), 27B (male genitalia), 27C (female forceps). Literature: BEY-BIENKO, 1936; BURR, 1 9 0 7 , 1 9 1 1 , 1 9 1 2 , 1 9 1 6 ; MENOZZI, 1936; KIRBY, 1904; RAMME, 1927; SAKAI, 1973, 1982; SRIVASTAVA, 1976; STEINMANN, 1983, 1989; ZACHER, 1912.

Description: Male head dark orange, sometimes dark reddish; antennae, legs, lateral margins of pronotum, tegmina and wings, inner basal flange of forceps, yellowish; abdominal tergites and median part of pronotum dark brownishblack, sometimes reddish-black. Head longer than wide, tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures well marked, posterior margin of head concave in the middle. Eyes typical, small, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint comparatively large, but somewhat shorter than distance between antennal bases. Pronotum transverse, lateral margins parallel and straight, posterior angles broadly rounded, posterior last margin convex; median longitudinal furrow indistinct. Tegmina and wings moderately short. Abdomen broad, depressed, lateral margins convex in superior view; lateral glandular folds on third tergite smaller, those on fourth larger. Ultimate tergite strongly transverse, simple. Pygidium hidden. Both branches of forceps (Fig. 1024) strongly arcuate, depressed basally, cylindrical in cross-section distally; the inner basal flange broadly rounded internally, with a short parallel section or inner margins with smaller or larger denticles. Genitalia (Fig. 1025, gen. prep. No. 32, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) very narrow; central parameral plate comparatively short, virga within genital lobe short, of Forficula-type, external parameres well or fully

Fig. 1024 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Forficula lurida FISCHER. Original.

Fig. 1025 Male genital armature of Forficula lurida FISCHER. A f t e r STEINMANN.

Fig. 1026 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Forficula

Originai.

lurida

FISCHER.

634 developed. - Female similar to male, but pygidium prominent, and forceps (Fig. 1026) with branches straight, simple, and contiguous. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 14-19 mm. Distribution: Southern Balkans, South Italy, Asia Minor, Syria, Israel, Arabistan: Iran, and Iraq. 31. Forficula puella

STEINMANN

1988 Forficula puella STEINMANN, Acta zool. hung., 34 (1): 4; fig. 1 (male ultimate tergite with forceps), 2 (genitalia of holotype). - Terra typica: China: Szechwan (Type male, gen. prep. No. 1024, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN: MUS. comp. Zool. Cambridge).

Description: Male general colour reddish-brown; head somewhat orange; antennae light brown, lateral margins of pronotum and legs yellowish; forceps light brown. Head comparatively small, tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct, posterior margin of head concave in the middle. Eyes small, essentially shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae 12-jointed; first joint moderately long, faintly shorter than distance between antennal bases. Pronotum strongly transverse, anterior margin truncate, anterior angles produced, lateral margins more or less straight and parallel anteriorly, and broadly rounded posteriorly; posterior margin convex; median longitudinal furrow present; prozona tumid, metazona deplanate. Tegmina short, about as long as pronotum measured along suture; posterior margins transversely truncate. Wings absent. Abdomen somewhat widened medially, depressed; all tergites faintly punctured; lateral glandular folds on third tergite very small, those on fourth large. Ultimate tergite strongly transverse, depressed medially near posterior margin; the disc

Fig. 1027 Holotype ultimate tergite with forceps of Forficula puella STEINMANN. After STEINMANN.

Fig. 1028 Holotype genital armature of Forficula puella STEINMANN. After STEINMANN.

635 with two tumid elevations over roots of the forceps. Pygidium present, narrowed distally, posterior margin faintly concave. Branches of forceps (Fig. 1027) not of Forficula-type; branches with a very short basal lobe internally; inner margins of basal lobe concave, with two very small tubercles anteriorly and posteriorly; distal portion of forceps cylindrical in cross-section; both branches straight medially and regularly curved apically. Genitalia (Fig. 1028) specific; central parameral plate very narrow, virga within genital lobe long, with specific basal vesicle; external parameres broad, rounded apically. - Female unknown. Length of body with forceps: 12-13 mm. Distribution: China. 32. Forficula beebei

BURR

1911 Forficula beebei BURR, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 7: 796. - Terra typica: Bengal (Type male: Brit. Mus. nat. Hist., London). 1983 Forficula beebei - SRIVASTAVA, Proc. Wkshp. High Alt. Ent. & Wildl. Ecol. zool. Surv. India: 130; fig. 15 (male in dorsal view) (India, Nepal, Bhutan). L i t e r a t u r e : BRINDLE, 1 9 7 5 ; SAKAI, 1 9 8 2 .

Description: Male black, sometimes with the head slightly reddish; antennae dark brown; legs dark brown or with tarse yellowish. Similar to schlagintweiti (BURR), but with abdomen much less widened, head less transverse and antennal joints shorter, the distal joints being relatively short and broad, about two and half times as long as wide, and with a distinct narrow base (after BRINDLE, 1975: 44). Postfrontal and coronal sutures distinct, sometimes coronal suture indistinct. Eyes comparatively large, but shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Pronotum transverse, lateral margins converging posteriorly, posterior margin convex; median longitudinal furrow present. Tegmina longer than pronotum, wings generally absent but sometimes concealed, and tips of wings protruding from tegmina. Abdomen gently widened in middle; tergites smooth, not

Fig. 1029 Male ultimate tergi te with forceps of Forficula beebei BURR. After SRIVASTAVA.

Fig. 1030 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Forficula beebei BURR. Original.

636 coriaceous and clearly punctured, the punctures relatively fine; the tergites are shiny and sometimes have a bluish or brassy metallic sheen. Lateral glandular folds present on tergites 3 - 4 . Ultimate tergite transverse, depressed medially near posterior margin and with two tumid elevations over roots of the forceps. Pygidium large, dorsal portion rounded, ventral portion quadratic; posterior margin concave. Forceps (Fig. 1029) short and curved, almost simple, slightly broader towards base, and with a dorso-median tubercle near base, which is sometimes developed as a short ridge; the rest of the branch cylindrical in cross-section, sometimes with small denticulations on inner margin on basal half. - Female similar to male, but branches of forceps (Fig. 1030) simple, narrowed distally, more or less straight and contiguous. - Length of body with forceps, male: 9 - 1 1 mm, female: 7 - 9 mm. Distribution: Himalaya, from Nepal to Bhutan, and northern India. 33.

Forficula cherapunjiae

KAPOOR

1968 Forficula cherapunjiae KAPOOR, Entomologist, London, 101: 11; pl. 1, fig. 1 (male in dorsal view), 2 (posterior margin of penultimate sternite), 3 (genitalia of holotype). - Terra typica; Assam (Type male: KAPOOR'S Collection). Literature: BHARADWAJ & KAPOOR, 1 9 7 0 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 .

Description: Male general colour dark reddish-brown; abdominal tergites dark chestnut. Head broad, frons tumid; occiput depressed, postfrontal and coronal sutures very deep; posterior margin of head straight. Eyes small, black, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint very small, essentially shorter than distance between antennal bases. Prono turn as wide as head, longer

Fig. 1031 Holotype ultimate tergite with forceps of Forficula cherapunjiae KAPOOR. After KAPOOR.

Fig. 1032 Holotype genital armature of Forficula cherapunjiae KAPOOR. After KAPOOR.

637 than wide; anterior margin truncate, sides parallel, with yellowish tinges, posterior margin rounded. Prozona tumid with a pair of small comma-like swellings near the anterior side; metazona very slightly depressed on the sides; median longitudinal furrow distinct. Tegmina ample, smooth, somewhat more than twice as long as wide. Wings absent. Abdomen smooth, rather depressed, widened medially and gently narrowed apically; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct. Ultimate tergite large, transverse, depressed medially near posterior margin; a pair of tumid elevations on the roots of the forceps; a pair of small tubercles present dorso-laterally; median longitudinal sulcus distinct. Pygidium narrowed apically, posterior margin concave. Branches of forceps (Fig. 1031) medium-size and stout, covered with hairs, leaving a smooth space for the pygidium. Inner basal flange short, inner margin of the flange concave; distal portion of forceps arcuate, tips pointed. Genitalia (Fig. 1032) broad; central parameral plate strongly widened apically, virga within genital lobe long, basal vesicle not of Forfícula-type. External parameres fully developed. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 11 mm. Distribution: India. 34.

Forfícula kashmirensis

SRIVASTAVA

1984 Forfícula kashmirensis SRIVASTAVA, Bull. zool. Surv. India, 5 (2-3): 14; fig. 19 (male in dorsal view), 20 (a few basal antennal joints), 21 (penultimate sternite), 22 (genitalia of holotype), 23 (basal vesicle). - Terra typica: Kashmir (Type male: Nation. Collection zool. Survey India, Calcutta).

Description: Male general colour yellowish brown with shades of black in parts in the middle of pronotum, abdominal tergites and forceps; ultimate tergite and pygidium black. Head slightly longer than wide, convex; postfrontal and coronal sutures obsolete, posterior angles and margin rounded. Eyes typical, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint stout, narrowed basally, shorter than distance between antennal bases. Pronotum slightly wider than long, smooth, lateral margins straight and parallel, posterior angles and margin rounded; prozona moderately raised with a faint median furrow and not much differentiated from weakly raised metazona. Tegmina of Guanchia-type. Wings absent. Abdomen spindle-shaped, convex, tergites faintly punctulate, sides of segments obtusely rounded; punctulations comparatively more pronounced, lateral glandular folds on third tergite weakly and on fourth well marked. Ultimate tergite transverse, longitudinal stripes of alternating punctulate and smooth areas, sides straight, slightly raised posteriorly above the bases of forceps. Pygidium comparatively large, subvertical, narrowed posteriorly with apex convex. Forceps (Fig. 1033) of Forfícula-type; branches flattened basally, forming a rectangular inner flange, which is moderately short, with inner margins parallel and crenulated; distal portion of forceps less curved. Genitalia (Fig. 1034) slender; central parameral plate narrow, virga within genital lobe

638 medium sized, basal vesicle specific; external parameres normally developed, rounded apically. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 11 mm. Distribution: Kashmir.

Fig. 1033 Holotype ultimate tergite with forceps of Forficula kashmirensis SRIVASTAVA. After SRIVASTAVA.

Fig. 1034 Holotype genital armature of Forficula kashmirensis SRIVASTAVA. After SRIVASTAVA.

35. Forficula kambaitensis

HINCKS

1947 Forficula kambaitensis HINCKS, Ark. Zool. Uppsala, 39A(1): 29; fig. 15 (male in dorsal view), 16 (genitalia of holotype). - Terra typica: Burma (Type male: Naturhist. Riksmus., Stockholm). L i t e r a t u r e : P O P H A M & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 9 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 .

Description: Male general colour dark brown except lateral margins of pronotum, apical joints of antennae, palpi and tarsi, which tend to be lighter. Cuticle glabrous and not very shiny. Head broad, tumid, surface with micro-reticulation; postfrontal and coronal sutures distinct; posterior margin of head concave in the middle. Eyes small, not prominent, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint about as long as distance between antennal bases (after HINCKS). Pronotum strongly transverse, anterior angles rectangularly rounded, sides approximately parallel, posterior margin rounded. Prozona tumid, gradually passing into feebly depressed areas; median longitudinal furrow complete. Tegmina short, wider than pronotum, broadly rounded at shoulders. Wings absent (much reduced, not extending beyond tegmina - after HINCKS). Abdomen broad, depressed; lateral glandular folds on third tergite small, those on fourth large; all tergites with fine puncturations. Ultimate tergite smooth, transverse, with broad low tubercles above base of forceps. Pygidium small, rounded. Forceps (fig. 1035) rather long; branches flattened basally and medial-

639 ly, forming a very long rectangular inner flange; inner margins of the flange contiguous in a straight line, minutely crenulate on entire length. Distal portion of forceps very short, strongly curved, tips acuminate. Genitalia (Fig. 1036) well developed; central parameral plate strongly dilated apically, virga within genital lobe long, basal vesicle characteristic; external parameres fully developed, contracted apically. - Female similar to male, but pronotum less transverse; ultimate tergite without tubercles above forceps; pygidium somewhat more prominent, with a flange which gives the pygidium a rectangular outline; forceps simple. - Length of body with forceps, male: 17-22 mm, female: 16-19 mm. Distribution: Burma.

Fig. 1035 Holotype ultimate tergite with forceps of Forficula kambaitensis HINCKS. After HINCKS.

Fig. 1036 Holotype genital armature of Forficula kambaitensis HINCKS. After HINCKS.

36. Forficula macrobasis

BEY-BIENKO

1934 Forficula macrobasis BEY-BIENKO, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (10) 13: 423; fig. 12 (male ultimate tergite with forceps). - Terra typica: China: Szechwan (Type male: Zool. Inst. Acad. Sci. USSR, Leningrad). 1975 Forficula macrobasis - STEINMANN, Folia ent. hung., 28 (1): 172; fig. 64 (male genitalia), 65 (male forceps). 1979 Forficula macrobasis - STEINMANN, Folia ent. hung., 32: 174 (Vietnam). Literature: BEY-BIENKO, 1 9 3 6 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 9 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 .

Description: Male general colour yellowish-brown; head dard reddish-brown; pronotum brown with pale yellow lateral margins; tegmina and legs dirty yellowish-brown, apices of femora indistinctly darkened; abdomen and forceps

640 yellowish-brown, ultimate tergite blackish-brown. Head somewhat longer than wide, postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct, posterior margin feebly but distinctly excised in the middle. Eyes typical, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint small. Pronotum somewhat narrower than the head, with quite straight anterior margin; lateral margins straight and parallel, posterior margin strongly rounded. Tegmina somewhat longer than pronotum, shoulder-angles not produced, truncate apically, feebly and irregularly punctured. Wings absent. Abdomen feebly dilated to 7th segment; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct. Ultimate tergite transverse, with relatively sparse but profound puncturations, posterior part with indistinct spherical mammiform production, and with a transverse depression on the middle of this production. Pygidium short, feebly prominent, triangular. Forceps (Fig. 1037) very large, strongly flattened basally, the inner basal flange long, longer than half the length of forceps; distal end of the flange with a large, blunt tooth. Distal portion of the forceps short, cylindrical in cross-section, roundly incurved, with sharpened apices. Genitalia (Fig. 1 0 3 8 , gen. prep. No. 1 2 3 , det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) large; central parameral plate normally developed, wide, virga within genital lobe long, basal vesicle strongly sclerotized, specific; external parameres typical. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 13-14 mm. Distribution: China: Szechwan, Tibet; Vietnam.

O

Fig. 1037 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Forficula macrobasis BEY-BIENKO. After STEINMANN.

Fig. 1038 Male genital armature of Forficula macrobasis BEY-BIENKO. After STEINMANN.

641 37.

Forficula externa

BEY-BIENKO

stat. nov.

1959 Forficula davidi externa BEY-BIENKO, Ent. Obozr., Moscow, 38: 617. - Terra typica: China: Yunnan (Type male: perhaps in Peking Mus.). 1975 Forficula davidi externa - STEINMANN, Folia ent. hung., 28 (1): 174; fig. 72 (genital armature of paratype, gen. prep. No. 550, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN), 73 (male forceps). Literature: SAKAI, 1973, 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1976.

Description: Male very dark in colour; head, lateral margins of pronotum, tegmina, and wings dark brownish-red; hind femur brown basally and blackish apically; antennae dark brown; median part of pronotum, fore and middle legs, abdomen with forceps blackish, shiny. Head rounded, tumid, somewhat wider than pronotum, postfrontal and coronal sutures obsolete, posterior margin of head faintly concave in the middle. Eyes typical, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint small. Pronotum transverse, anterior angles produced and angularly rounded, lateral margins more or less parallel, straight, posterior angles and margin broadly rounded; median longitudinal furrow distinct. Tegmina and wings well developed. Abdomen elongate, somewhat depressed, tergites with finde punctures; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct. Ultimate tergite characteristic, not of Forficula-type; transverse, the disc with two very large, long dorsal spine-like tubercles, which are directed postero-dorsally. Pygidium comparatively large, with rounded dorsal and flattened ventral portions; posterior margin of ventral part excised. Forceps (Fig. 1039) not of Forficula-type; very long, branches cylindrical and straight

Fig. 1039 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Forficula externa BEY-BIENKO. Original.

Fig. 1040 Male genital armature of Forficula externa BEY-BIENKO. Original.

642 medially, less curved apically; strongly flattened basally, forming a broadly rounded basal lobe. Genitalia (Fig. 1040, gen. prep. No. 550, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) characteristic, not of Forficula-type; central parameral plate widened apically, virga within genital lobe long, basal vesicle specific; external parameres normally developed, with incurved apices. - Female unknown. Length of body with forceps: 18-23 mm. Distribution: China: Yunnan. 38.

Forficula fontana

STEINMANN

1988 Forficula fontana STEINMANN, Acta zool. hung., 34 (1): 8; fig. 14 (male ultimate tergite with forceps), 15 (genitalia of holotype). - Terra typica: Kashmir (Type male, gen. prep. No. 1025, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN: Termeszettudomany Muzeum, Budapest).

Description: Male dark brownish anteriorly, and yellowish brown posteriorly; head, antennae, median part of pronotum, tegmina, wings and 1 - 3 abdominal tergites laterally, dark brown; legs, abdominal tergites 1 - 3 medially, and 4 - 9 , with forceps, yellowish-brown. Head large, somewhat tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures present, represented by a narrow line, posterior margin of head concave in the middle. Eyes small, essentially shorter than the length of head behind eyes. Antennae broken, first joint small, narrowed basally, shorter than distance between antennal bases. Pronotum strongly transverse, anterior angles produced, lateral margins more or less straight and parallel, posterior angles rounded, and last margin straight; median longitudinal furrow fine. Tegmina and wings comparatively short but perfect. Abdomen depressed, normally deve-

Fig. 1041 Holotype ultimate tergite with forceps of Forficula fontana STEINMANN. After

Fig. 1042 Holotype genital armature of Forficula fontana STEINMANN. After

STEINMANN.

STEINMANN.

643 loped; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct. Ultimate tergite transverse, depressed medially near posterior margin, the disc with two large, but obtuse, protuberances medio-laterally. Pygidium prominent, broad, posterior margin deeply concave. Forceps (Fig. 1041) not of Forficula-type; branches strongly flattened basally, forming a broadly rounded inner lobe; inner margins of basal lobe smooth, not serrated or crenulated. Median and distal portions of branches regularly curved, cross-section cylindrical. Genitalia (Fig. 1042) characteristic, not of Forficula-type; central parameral plate broad, oval, virga within genital lobe long, basal vesicle not of Forficula-type. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 18,5 mm. Distribution: Kashmir. 39. Forficula davidi BURR 1905 Forficula davidi BURR, Entomologist's month. Mag., 2 (16): 86. - Terra typica: Tibet (Type male: Mus. nation. Hist, nat., Paris). 1933 Forficula davidi - BEY-BIENKO, Ark. Zool., Uppsala, 25A (20): 6; pi. 1, fig. 3 (male in dorsal view). 1936 Forficula davidi- BEY-BIENKO, Faune de l'URSS, Dermaptera: 146; fig. 42 (male in dorsal view) (from Kiao-Tchau in northeastern China to Gansu and Szechwan provinces in western China; Amdo district in northeastern Tibet). 1959 Forficula davidi davidi - BEY-BIENKO, Ent. Obozr., Moscow, 38: 617. Literature: BURR, 1907,1911; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1969; SAKAI, 1973,1982; SEMENOV & BEY-BIENKO, 1 9 3 5 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 .

Description: Male head very dark red; antennae and legs dark brown; tegmina and wings reddish; pronotum, abdominal tergites and forceps blackish; anterior part of body coriaceous, abdominal tergites strongly punctured. Head large, broad, tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures present, posterior margin of head concave in the middle. Eyes prominent but small, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint well developed, about as long as distance between antennal bases or only somewhat shorter. Pronotum transverse, lateral margins straight and parallel, posterior angles broadly rounded, posterior margin convex; median longitudinal furrow distinct. Tegmina and wings normally developed. Abdomen more or less parallel-sided, somewhat depressed, lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct. Ultimate tergite transverse, depressed medially near posterior margin, and the disc with two smaller, but prominent, dorsal tubercles, which are generally trigonal and obtuse, directed dorso-posteriorly. Pygidium small, rounded. Forceps (Fig. 1043) very short, strongly depressed, branches flattened basally, forming a rectangular inner flange, the median portions of the branches more or less trigonal in cross-section and less curved. Inner margins of the flange more or less parallel, with larger tubercles or denticles. Genitalia (Fig. 1044, gen. prep. No. 949, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN from Yunnan) comparatively short and broad; central parameral plate wide, virga within genital lobe long, basal vesicle not of Forficula-type,

644 external parameres normally developed. - Female very similar to male, but ultimate tergite without dorsal tubercles, and forceps simple, tapering, contiguous. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 16-20 mm. Distribution: China: Tibet, Szechwan, Yunnan and Gansu.

Fig. 1043 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Forficula davidi BURR. Original.

40.

Fig. 1044 Male genital armature of Forficula davidi BURR. Original.

Forficula meenae

KAPOOR

1974 Forficula meenae KAPOOR, Zool. J. Linn. Soc., 55 (3): 245; fig. 9 (male ultimate tergite with forceps), 10 (genitalia of holotype). - Terra typica: Kashmir (Type male: KAPOOR'S Collection). L i t e r a t u r e : SAKAI, 1 9 8 2 .

Description: Male general colour chestnut; head light red; tegmina and wings light black; abdominal tergites dark chestnut, shiny. Head broad, frons slightly tumid, occiput somewhat depressed; postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct, posterior margin concave in the middle. Eyes small, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint typical, shorter than distance between antennal bases. Pronotum semicircular, anterior margin slightly sinuate, sides and posterior margin circular, somewhat wider than long; median longitudinal furrow faint. Tegmina and wings normally developed. Abdomen convex, widened medially, shiny, lateral glandular folds on third tergite smaller, those on fourth larger. Ultimate tergite transverse, median depression well pronounced, a pair of blunt tubercles apically on either side of the depression. Pygidium short, nearly rectangular, apex slightly trisinuate. Forceps (Fig. 1045) medium-size; branches flattened basally, forming a rectangular inner flange, the flange specific, inner margins finely toothed, beyond the base thickly toothed; the distal end of the flange ending in a large blunt tooth. Genitalia (Fig. 1046) comparatively

645 short; central parameral plate oval and widened apically, virga within genital lobe not of Forficula-type, with specific basal vesicle; external parameres nearly straight, feebly narrowed at apices. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 19 mm. Distribution: India.

Fig. 1045 Holotype ultimate tergite with forceps of Forficula meenae KAPOOR. After

Fig. 1046 Holotype genital armature of Forficula meenae KAPOOR. After KAPOOR.

KAPOOR.

41.

Forfícula mogul

BURR

1904 Forficula mogul BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. London, 1904: 321. - Terra typica: India (Type male: HARMAND'S Collection, type No. 2854: Mus. nation. Hist, nat., Paris). 1907 Forficula mogul - BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. London, 1907:111; pi. 4, fig. 3 (male in dorsal view). Literature: BURR, 1 9 1 0 , 1 9 1 1 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 9 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 .

Description: Male general colour dark reddish castaneous; head ferruginous, with blackish areas; pronotum deep blackish-brown, the sides translucent yellow; tegmina and wings dark brown, but wings with smaller yellowish spots; abdominal tergites deep chocolate-brown. Cuticle coriaceous, abdominal tergites finely punctulate. Head rounded, somewhat depressed, postfrontal and coronal sutures distinct, posterior margin convex. Eyes and first antennal joint typical, small. Pronotum transverse, somewhat narrowed posteriorly; lateral margins convex, posterior angles and margin broadly rounded; median longitudinal furrow distinct in prozona. Tegmina and wings normally developed. Abdomen somewhat widened medially, depressed; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct. Ultimate tergite strongly transverse, smooth, posterior margin trisinuate; depressed medially near posteriorly. Pygidium depressed, obtuse, narrowed posteriorly or sometimes parallel-sided. Forceps (Fig. 1047)

646 not of Forficula-type, elongate, more or less straight, branches somewhat widened basally with two inner teeth near pygidium; the broadened basal part short and gradually dying out. Distal portion of forceps cylindrical in cross-section, regularly curved apically. - Female similar to male, but pygidium smaller, and forceps simple, straight, unarmed. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 20-27 mm. Distribution: North India.

Fig. 1047 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Forficula mogul BURR. After BURR.

42.

Forficula subauricularia

BEY-BIENKO

1934 Forficula subauricularia BEY-BIENKO, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (10) 13: 417; fig. 9 (male ultimate tergite with forceps). - Terra typica: China: Szechwan (Type male: Zool. Inst. Acad. Sci., Leningrad). Literature: BEY-BIENKO, 1 9 3 6 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 9 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 7 5 ; W u ,

1935.

Description: Male general colour dark reddish-brown; antennae blackishbrown in basal half and reddish-brown in apical half; lateral margins of pronotum yellowish; abdominal tergites blackish-brown. Head broad, somewhat depressed with very feebly postfrontal and coronal sutures, scarcely wider than the anterior margin of the pronotum. Eyes small, essentially shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint typical, shorter than distance between antennal bases. Pronotum about as long as wide, with feebly rounded lateral margins, posterior margin broadly rounded; median longitudinal furrow present. Tegmina nearly twice as long as pronotum, with straight posterior margins; puncturation very fine, sparse, not deep. Wings normally developed, scarcely reaching the posterior hind margin of the first abdominal tergite. Abdomen feebly widened to 6th tergite; dorsal surface very densely punctured; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct. Ultimate tergite transverse, feebly

647 convergent posteriorly, depressed medially near posterior margin, and with a mammiform tumidity before posterior margin. Pygidium relatively large, broadly rounded. Forceps (Fig. 1048) long, slender; branches not of Forficulatype, flattened basally and forming a smaller inner lobe; the inner margins of inner lobe not touching each other, with broad triangular projection. Distal portion of the forceps cylindrical in cross-section, inner margins with a smaller, but prominent, median tooth. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 19-20 mm. Distribution: China: Szechwan.

Fig. 1048 Holotype ultimate tergite with forceps of Forficula subauricularia BEYBIENKO. A f t e r BEY-BIENKO.

43.

Forficula berezovskyi

BEY-BIENKO

1934 Forficula berezovskyi BEY-BIENKO, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (10) 13: 419; fig. 10 (male ultimate tergite with forceps). - Terra typica: China: Szechwan (Type male: unknown locality, perhaps in Peking Mus.). Literature: BEY-BIENKO, 1936; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1969; SAKAI, 1973, 1982; SRIVASTAVA, 1976; STEINMANN, 1 9 7 5 , 1989.

Description: Male general colour brownish-black; head shiny black; antennae, legs, and lateral part of the pronotum pale brown; tegmina and wings dirty brownish; abdominal tergites brownish-black, with a distinct reddish shade. Head relatively large, feebly depressed, postfrontal and coronal sutures distinct, posterior margin convex. Eyes small, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint typical, shorter than distance between antennal bases. Pronotum somewhat narrower than head, practically as long as wide, with a broadly rounded posterior margin; lateral margins more or less straight, feebly convergent posteriorly; prozona feebly tumid, with three large and very distinct impressed points; metazona depressed. Tegmina normally developed, wings short, the visible portion distinctly shorter than the width of one tegmen; surface

648 smooth, impunctate. Abdomen feebly dilated to 6th tergite and narrowed to the apex; all segments very densely punctate, especially in anterior part of each tergite; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct. Ultimate tergite transverse, depressed medially near posterior margin, and with very distinct, but feebly produced, mammiform projection. Pygidium large, strongly produced between inner margins of the basal part of forceps, distinctly narrowed posteriorly, with quite straight posterior margin. Forceps (Fig. 1049) not of Forficula-type; branches long, slender, cylindrical, except flattened basal part and narrowed apical part; inner basal lobe of forceps short, more or less triangular, inner margins indistinctly denticulated, not touching each other, convergent to apex of the pygidium, and forming with strongly divergent posterior margins of the basal part an acute angle. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 12 mm. Distribution: China: Szechwan.

Fig. 1049 Holotype ultimate tergite with forceps of Forficula berezovskyi BEY-BIENKO. After BEY-BIENKO.

44.

Forficula sinica

BEY-BIENKO

1934 Forficula sinica BEY-BIENKO, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (10) 13: 421; fig. 11 (male ultimate tergite with forceps). - Terra typica: China: Szechwan (Type male: unknown locality, perhaps in Peking Mus.). 1975 Forficula sinica - STEINMANN, Folia ent. hung., 28 (1): 172; fig. 62 (male genitalia), 63 (male forceps). Literature: BEY-BIENKO, 1936,1959; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1969; SAKAI, 1973,1982; SRIVASTAVA, 1976; W u , 1935.

Description: Male head brownish-red; antennae, legs, and forceps reddish; pronotum dark brown, with pale brownish lateral margins; tegmina and wings brownish-yellow. Cuticle coriaceous, abdominal tergites with fine punctures, shiny. Head large, with broadly rounded postocular part, distinctly wider than

649 pronotum, postfrontal and coronal sutures well marked, posterior margin convex. Eyes small, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint small, conical, shorter than distance between antennal bases. Pronotum practically half as wide again as long, with faintly rounded lateral and posterior margins; prozona tumid, not punctured, without median longitudinal furrow; metazona very feebly tumid, with fine transverse rugosities. Tegmina broad, twice as long as pronotum, with very broadly rounded shoulders and parallel lateral margins. Wings relatively long, with sparse, indistinct puncturation. Abdomen feebly widened from the base to the 6th tergite, with very distinct and dense punctures, except posterior margins of each tergite; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct. Ultimate tergite transverse; posterior half with two very distinct spherically produced projections medially with a deep concavity between them. Pygidium small. Forceps (Fig. 1050) not of Forfícula-type, branches depressed basally, forming a triangular inner lobe; distal portion of forceps cylindrical, feebly incurved, regularly narrowed to the apex, with very sparse, short hairs. Basal part of the external margin with a small, but distinctly rounded triangular, tubercle located quite near to the externo-posterior angle of the ultimate tergite. Genitalia (Fig. 1051, gen. prep. No. 548, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) large; central parameral plate broad, virga within genital lobe long, basal vesicle strongly sclerotized, not of Forfícula-type; external parmeres normally developed. - Female similar to male, but ultimate tergite strongly narrowed posteriorly, with two distinct but feebly elevated and not spherically produced

Fig. 1050 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Forficula sinica BEY-BIENKO. After STEINMANN.

Fig. 1051 Male genital armature of Forficula sinica BEY-BIENKO. After STEINMANN.

650 inflations in apical half. Forceps simple, quite straight, except for apical pointed part. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 11-14 mm. Distribution: China: Szechwan. 45.

Forficula wittmeri

SRIVASTAVA

1982 Forficula wittmeri SRIVASTAVA, Ent. Basil., 7:70; fig. 8 (head, pronotum, tegmina and wings), 9 (basal joints of antennae), 10 (thoracal sterna), 11 (leg), 12 (penultimate sternite), 13 (male ultimate tergite with forceps), 14 (genitalia o f holotype) 15 (a portion of male genitalia). - Terra typica: India (Type male: Naturhist. Mus. Basel).

Description: Male general colour dark brown, with traces of black on certain body parts; antennae clear yellow; tegmina, wings and abdominal tergites with a metallic sheen. Head large, broad, smooth, postfrontal and coronal sutures almost obsolete; posterior margin feebly emarginate in the middle. Eyes comparatively large, somewhat shorter than the length of the head. First antennal joint stout, narrowed at base, shorter than distance between antennal bases. Pronotum slightly wider than long, sides straight, gently reflexed and diverging, posterior margin and angles broadly rounded, median longitudinal furrow distinct; prozona well marked off from depressed metazona. Tegmina and wings well developed, smooth, latter with inner margin faintly yellowish. Abdomen weakly convex, slightly narrowed at base, afterwards almost parallelsided, lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 weakly developed. Ultimate tergite strongly transverse, with a few shallow punctures near basal margin, sides faintly diverging posteriorly, posterior margin insinuate, laterally feebly oblique. Pygidium almost triangular. Forceps (Fig. 1052) with branches contiguous,

Fig: 1052 Holotype ultimate tergite with forceps of Forficula wittmeri SRIVASTAVA.

Fig. 1053 Holotype genital armature of Forficula wittmeri SRIVASTAVA. After

A f t e r SRIVASTAVA.

SRIVASTAVA.

651 depressed, almost straight, gently incurved somewhat before apices. Inner basal flange without parallel section; inner margins with smaller, but sharp, prominent denticles. Inner margins of distal portion of the forceps with a single ventral tooth. Genitalia (Fig. 1053) characteristic; central parameral plate narrow, virga within genital lobe very long, not of Forficula-type; external parameres normally developed, rounded apically. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 12-14mm. Distribution: India. 46. Forficula planicollis

KIRBY

1891 Forficula planicollis KIRBY, J. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., 23: 525. - Terra typicá North India (Type female: Brit. Mus. nat. Hist., London). 1904 Forficula ambigua BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. London, 1904: 321. - Terra typica: India (Type male: Mus. nation. Hist, nat., Paris). 1923 Forficula lebongae HEBARD, Mem. Dept. agr. India, Ent., 7: 226. - Terra typica: India (Type male: Acad. nat. Sci. Philadelphia). 1965 Forficula bhatnagari GANGOLA, Entomologist, London, 98: 229; fig. 3 (antennae), 4 (head and pronotum), 5 (pronotum, tegmina and wings), 6 (male pygidium), 7 (penultimate sternite), 8 (male forceps). - Terra typica: India (Type male: GANGOLA'S Collection). 1 9 7 2 Forficula

gardneri

KAPOOR, BHARADWAJ & BENERJEE, B u l l . e n t . N e w D e l h i , 1 2 (1): 3 7 . - T e r r a

typica: India (Type male: Coll. Dehra Dun, India). 1975 Forficula planicollis - SRIVASTAVA, Ceylon J. sci. biol., Colombo, 11 (2): 67; fig. 2B (pronotum), 2E (male forceps), 2H (male genitalia), 21 (female forceps). 1975 Forficula ambigua - SRIVASTAVA, Ceylon J. sci. biol., Colombo, 11 (2): 67 (proposed synonymy w i t h planicollis

KIRBY, 1 8 9 1 ) .

1975 Forficula bhatnagari - SRIVASTAVA, Ceylon, J. sci. biol., Colombo, 11 (2): 67 (proposed s y n o n y m y w i t h planicollis

KIRBY, 1 8 9 1 ) .

1975 Forficula gardeneri-SRIVASTAVA, Ceylon J. sci. biol., Colombo, 11 (2): 67 (proposed synonymy with planicollis KIRBY, 1891). 1976 Forficula planicollis - SRIVASTAVA, Misc. Publ. Occ. Calcutta, 2: 64 (India, Bhutan, South China, Burma). 1976 Forficula lebongae - SRIVASTAVA, Misc. Publ. Occ., Calcutta, 2: 64 (proposed synonymy with planicollis

KIRBY, 1 8 9 1 ) .

Literature: BEY-BIENKO, 1 9 3 6 ; BURR, 1 9 0 7 , 1 9 1 0 , 1 9 1 1 ; KAPOOR, 1 9 6 7 ; KIRBY, 1 9 0 4 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 9 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 8 3 .

Description: Male head reddish or orange; antennae, all femora, and median part of pronotum dark brown; lateral margins of pronotum, tibiae partially, yellowish; tegmina and wings light brown or yellowish-brown; abdominal tergites and forceps dark red or sometimes reddish-brown. Head large, tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures distinct or marked with a very narrow line. Eyes comparatively large, but somewhat shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint well developed, about as long as distance between antennal bases or somewhat shorter. Pronotum weakly transverse, lateral margins more or less straight and parallel, posterior angles broadly rounded, posterior margin convex; median longitudinal furrow present; prozona tumid, metazona flat. Tegmina and wings long and ample. Abdomen fairly wide, densely punctulate, depressed; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct. Ultimate tergite

652 transverse, depressed medially near posterior margin, with the tumid elevations near the roots of the forceps. Pygidium small, trigonal. Forceps (Fig. 1054) with branches flattened basally, the inner basal lobe short, only extending over a quarter the length of forceps, the inner margins straight and unarmed, ending gradually as the branches attenuate, then strongly arched; the branches are bowed from the base, the distal part shorter (form brachylabia) or longer (form macrolabia). Genitalia (Fig. 1055, gen. prep. No. 950, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) narrow; central parameral plate elongate, virga within genital lobe long, basal vesicle not of Forficula-type; external parameres comparatively small and short. - Female similar to male, but ultimate tergite without dorsal elevations, and forceps (Fig. 1056) simple, straight. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 10-14 mm. Distribution: India, Nepal, Bhutan (all throughout the Himalayas), Burma and South China.

Fig. 1055 Male genital armature of Forficula planicollis KIRBY. Original.

Fig. 1054 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Forficula planicollis KIRBY. Original.

47.

Forficula cristata

Fig. 1056 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Forficula planicollis KIRBY. Original.

SRIVASTAVA

1982 Forficula cristata SRIVASTAVA, Ent. Basil., 7: 72; fig. 16 (head, pronotum, tegmina and wings), 17 (antenna), 18 (hind tarsus), 19 (ditto, dorsally), 20 (penultimate sternite), 21 (male forceps), 22 (a portion of ultimate tergite and forceps in lateral view), 23 (genitalia of holotype). - Terra typica: India (Type male: Naturhist. Mus., Basel).

Description: Male general colour dark brownish-black, a few ante-apical antennal joints lighter in colour; pronotum laterally, apical one-fourth of tibiae, whole of hind first tarsal joint and extreme base of third joint and the tip of forceps, yellowish; wings with an oblong yellow spot along the external margin in

653 basal half. Head about as long as wide, smooth, postfrontal and coronal sutures obsolete, posterior margin of head straight in the middle. Eyes well developed, but somewhat shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint stout, about as long as distance between antennal bases. Pronotum weakly transverse, smooth, sides gently reflexed and feebly convex in middle, posterior margin and angles rounded, median longitudinal furrow distinct; prozona raised and well differentiated from flat metazona. Tegmina and wings smooth, well developed. Abdomen spindle-shaped, convex, obscurely punctate; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct. Ultimate tergite transverse, smooth, moderately sloping and gently contracted backwards, posterior half in middle with a triangular depression, postero-lateral angles somewhat prominent, posterior margin trisinuate. Pygidium short, triangular, posteriorly sharply pointed. Forceps (Fig. 1057) with branches specific, not of Forficula-type, subcontiguous at base, depressed, gradually curving from bases to apices, internally at base deplanate, followed by a triangular vertical lamellation, the apical point of which is directed posteriorly, then unarmed and tapering. Genitalia (Fig. 1058) characteristic; central parameral plate comparatively narrow, virga within genital lobe very long, basal vesicle specific; external parameres conspicuous, very broad, as in Fig. 1058. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 13 mm. Distribution: India.

Fig. 1057 Holotype ultimate tergite with forceps of Forficula cristata SRIV ASTAVA. After

Fig. 1058 Holotype genital armature of Forficula cristata SRIVASTAVA. After

SRIVASTAVA.

SRIVASTAVA.

48.

Forficula baijali

KAPOOR

1968 Forficula baijali KAPOOR, Entomologist, London, 98: 13; PI. 2, fig. 1 (male in dorsal view), 2 (penultimate stemite), 3 (genitalia of holotype). - Terra typica: India (Type male: KAPOOR'S Collection). L i t e r a t u r e : BHARADWAJ & KAPOOR, 1 9 7 0 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 .

654 Description: Male general colour dark yellowish-brown; lateral margins of pronotum yellowish; abdominal tergites brownish-red. Head longer than wide, frons graetly tumid, occiput slightly depressed, postfrontal and coronal sutures fraintly marked, posterior margin of head convex. Eyes comparentively large, about as long as the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint very small essentially shorter than distanc betwen antennal bases. Pronotum moderately small, narrower than head, distinctly wider than longer, anterior margin transversely truncate, lateral margins faintly convex, posterior margin strongly convex; median longitudinal furrow; pronzona tumid, metazona slightly depressed. Tegmina and wings normally developed; wings pale yellow. Abdomen slightly widened medially, depressed; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct. Ultimate tergite transvers, median depression near posterior margin distinct. Pygidium moderately large, broadly rounded apically. Forceps (Fig. 1059) characteristic, not of Forficula-type; branches depressed, dilated on somewhat less than one half of the base , with inner margin denticulate and then attenuate, unarmed, smooth and gently curved. Genitalia (Fig. 1060) specific, not of Forficula-type; central parameral plate comparatively short, oval, virga within genital lobe short, with specific basal vesicicle; external parameres fully developed, very long, specific. - Female unkown. - Length of body with forceps: 14 mm. Distribution: India.

Fig. 1059 Holotype ultimate tergite with forceps of Forficula baijali KAPOOR. After KAPOOR.

Fig. 1060 Holotype genital armature of Forficula baijali KAPOOR. After KAPOOR.

655 49. Forficula biplaga BEY-BIENKO 1959 Forficula biplaga BEY-BIENKO, Ent. Obozr., Moscow, 38: 616; fig. 34 (male ultimate tergite with forceps). - Terra typica: China: Yunnan (Type male: unknown, perhaps in Peking Mus.). L i t e r a t u r e : BEY-BIENKO, 1 9 6 8 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 .

Description: Male general colour blackish; tegmina and wings brownish-black, the tegmina with a paler median patch, and wings yellowish medially; abdominal tergites black. Anterior portion of body smooth, glabrous, the abdominal tergites punctured, with punctures on tergites 6 - 9 deep. Head large, somewhat longer than wide, tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures distinct, posterior margin convex in the middle. Eyes normally developed, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint small, shorter than distance between antennal bases. Pronotum transverse, lateral margins convex, posterior angles and margin semicircular, rounded; median longitudinal furrow present; prozona raised and well differentiated from flat metazona. Tegmina and wings normally developed. Abdomen fusiform, depressed, lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct. Ultimate tergite transverse, depressed medially near posterior margin, with two tumid elevations near the roots of forceps. Pygidium hidden. Forceps (Fig. 1061) of Forficula-type; branches flattened basally, forming a rectangular inner flange, which is long, with inner margins more or less parallel and ornamented with large denticles. Distal portion of the forceps short, strongly curved. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 15 mm. Distribution: China: Yunnan.

Fig. 1061 Holotype ultimate with forceps of Forficula biplaga BEY-BIENKO. After BEYBIENKO.

50. Forficula tawangensis SRIVASTAVA 1983 Forficula tawangensis SRIVASTAVA, Proc. Wkshp. High Alt. Ent. & Wildl. Ecol. zool. Surv. India: 133; fig. 17A (male in dorsal view), 17B (penultimate sternite), 17C (genitalia of holotype), 17D (female forceps). - Terra typica: India (Type male: Nation. Collection zool. Survey India, Calcutta).

656 Description: Male general colour deep black; a few ante-apical antennal joints, sides of pronotum, tibiae and tarsi testaceous brown; abdominal tergites and forceps reddish-black. Head longer than wide, convex, postfrontal and coronal sutures faint, posterior margin emarginate in the middle. Eyes small, significantly shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint small, shorter than distance between antennal bases. Pronotum one and a half times wider than long, anterior margin truncate, lateral margins gently convex, posterior margin broadly rounded; median longitudinal furrow faint; prozona weakly raised, and somewhat differentiated from flat metazona. Tegmina and wings well developed, smooth. Abdomen convex, all tergites punctulate, sides of segments rounded, lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct. Ultimate tergite transverse, declivent, punctation distinct in anterior half only, faintly tumid above the roots of forceps; posterior margin trisinuate and oblique laterally. Pygidium short, small, obtuse, sometimes with a few thick hairs posteriorly. Forceps (Fig. 1062) short, stout, concave externally and flattened basally; inner basal flange fully developed, inner margins parallel and serrated. Distal portion of forceps cylindrical in cross-section, tapering, with apices pointed. Genitalia (Fig. 1063) broad; central parameral plate comparatively short and wide, virga within genital lobe medium-size, with very small basal vesicle; external parameres fully developed, large, broad. - Female similar to male, but ultimate tergite narrowed posteriorly, strongly sloping and lacking tumid elevations above the bases of forceps; pygidium present, subvertical, posteriorly provided with a tubercle in

Fig. 1062 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Forficula tawangensis SRIVASTAVA. SRIVASTAVA.

After

Fig. 1063 Holotype genital armature of Forficula tawangensis SRIVASTAVA. A f t e r SRIVASTAVA.

Fig. 1064 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Forficula tawangensis SRIVASTAVA. A f t e r S R I V A STAVA.

657 the middle and laterally. Forceps (Fig. 1064) simple, straight, tapering, with apices pointed and gently incurved, faintly crenulate internally. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 16-19 mm. Distribution: India. 51. Forficula jayarami

SRIVASTAVA

1972 Forficula jayarami SRIVASTAVA, Rev. Zool. Surv. India, 66 (1-4): 139; fig. 3c (penultimate sternite), 3d (male ultimate tergite with forceps), 3e (genitalia of holotype). - Terra typica: India (Type male: Nation. Collection zool. Survey India, Calcutta). L i t e r a t u r e : SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 .

Description: Male head brownish-red, with patches on frons, surface with micro-reticulations; pronotum black, but brownish-yellow on sides; tegmina and wings brownish-yellow; legs dirty yellow; abdomen reddish-black; forceps reddish. Head normally developed, tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures well marked, posterior margin of head convex. Eyes small, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint shorter than distance between antennal bases. Pronotum as wide as head, weakly transverse, anterior margin truncate, sides straight and gently raised, posterior margin rounded, but gently obtuse in the middle. Tegmina and short comparatively small, short, the wings sometimes concealed. Abdomen dilated in the middle, distinctly punctate with microreticulations; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 weakly developed. Ultimate tergite strongly transverse, almost smooth, only at places longitudinal stripes of minute punctures, with a pair of tubercles at the posterior margin. Pygidium obtusely rounded. Forceps (Fig. 1065) of Forficula-type; branches strongly

Fig. 1065 Holotype ultimate tergite with forceps of Forficula jayarami SRIVASTAVA. After SRIVASTAVA.

Fig. 1066 Holotype genital armature of Forficula jayarami SRIVASTAVA. After SRIVASTAVA.

658 flattened basally, forming a well-developed rectangular inner flange; inner margins of the flange strongly crenulate, subcontiguous at base, then diverging gently and again slightly converging apically; distal portion of forceps very short, strongly curved, sometimes with light yellow hairs. Genitalia (Fig. 1066) normally developed; central parameral plate somewhat widened apically, virga within genital lobe long, basal vesicle strongly sclerotized, not of Forficula-type; external parameres well developed, obtuse apically. - Female similar to male, but sides of abdominal tergites not rugose and without any transverse granular stripes at the posterior margin. Ultimate tergite without tubercles and sloping posteriorly. Forceps simple, contiguous, straight. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 11-13 mm. Distribution: India. 52.

Forficula greeni

BURR

Chelisoches pulchellus BURR (nec GERSTAECKER, 1 8 8 3 ) , J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc., 14: 3 2 7 . Terra typica: Ceylon (Type male: Brit. Mus. nat. Hist., London). 1 9 0 7 Forficula greeni BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. London, 1 9 0 7 : 1 1 5 (new name for Chelisoches pulchellus BURR, 1 9 0 1 , a junior secundary homonymy of Chelisoches pulchellus GERSTAECKER, 1 8 8 3 ) . 1910 Forficula greeni - BURR, Fauna Brit. India, Dermaptera: 170; fig. 103 (male in dorsal view). 1976 Forficula greeni - SRIVASTAVA, Misc. Publ. Occ., Calcutta, 2: 63 (Ceylon, India, Malaysia). 1901

L i t e r a t u r e : BRINDLE, 1 9 7 1 ; BURR, 1 9 1 1 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 9 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; SHIRAKI, 1 9 2 8 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 0 .

Description: Male general colour dark reddish-castaneous, passing into blackish; antennae and legs light yellowish-brown; tegmina with conspicuous yellow spot medially. Wings yellow. Head broad, tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures obsolete, posterior margin truncate. Eyes small, shorter than the length

Fig. 1067 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Forficula greeni BURR. Original.

Fig. 1068 Male genital armature of Forficula greeni BURR. Original.

659 of head behind eyes. First antennal joint typical, shorter than distance between antennal bases. Pronotum semicircular, anterior margin truncate, sides and posterior margin strongly rounded; the sides sometimes paler; median longitudinal furrow distinct; prozona tumid, metazona flat. Tegmina and wings normally developed, ample, smooth. Abdomen fusiform, all tergites finely punctulate and shiny; lateral glandular folds present on tergites 3 - 4 . Ultimate tergite transverse, depressed medially near posterior margin. Pygidium very small, rounded. Forceps (Fig. 1067) of Forficula-type; branches flattened basally, forming a rectangular inner flange; the distal end of the flange ending smoothly or with a blunt tooth; inner margins of the flange more or less parallel and crenulated. Genitalia (Fig. 1068, gen. prep. No. 775, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN from South India) characteristic; central parameral plate comparatively short and small, virga within genital lobe long, specific; external parameres fully developed, specific. - Female very similar to male, but forceps rather stout, straight, unarmed and contiguous, the inner margins finely crenulate. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 9.5-11 mm. Distribution: Sri Lanka, India, Taiwan, Malaysia. 53.

Forficula indiae

KAPOOR

1968 Forficula indiae KAPOOR, Entomologist, London, 98: 15; pi. 3, fig. 1 (male in dorsal view), 2 (penultimate sternite), 3 (genitalia of holotype). - Terra typica: India (Type male: KAPOOR'S Collection). Literature: SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 .

Description: Male general colour dark reddish-brown; lateral margins of pronotum testaceous; tegmina with a big pale spot anteriorly; wings pale yellow;

Fig. 1069 Holotype ultimate tergite with forceps of Forficula indiae KAPOOR. After KAPOOR.

Fig. 1070 Holotype genital armature of Forficula indiae KAPOOR. After KAPOOR.

660 abdominal tergites reddish-chestnut; forceps reddish. Head normally developed, comparatively large, smooth, tumid; postfrontal and coronal sutures distinct; posterior margin straight in the middle. Eyes moderately large, about as long as the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint very small, shorter than distance between antennal bases. Pronotum comparatively small, narrower than head, distinctly wider than long, anterior margin truncate, sides parallel anteriorly and broadly rounded posteriorly, posterior margin rounded; median longitudinal furrow distinct. Tegmina about three and a half times longer than wide; wings long. Abdomen slightly widened medially, convex; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct. Ultimate tergite transverse, with well-defined median depression near posterior margin. Pygidium small, rounded. Forceps (Fig. 1069) of Forficula-type, branches flattened basally and forming a longer inner flange; the inner margins of the flange parallel and finely crenulate; distal portion of the forceps short, cylindrical, and gently curved. Genitalia (Fig. 1070) specific; central parameral plate normally developed, virga within genital lobe long, with specific basal vesicle; external parameres well developed, as in Fig. 1070. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 11 mm. Distribution: South India. 54. Forficula harberei BURR 1905 Forficula ruficeps SHIRAKI, Trans. Sapporo, nat. Hist. Soc., 1: 8. - Terra typica: Formosa (Type unknown). 1911 Forficula harberei BURR, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (8) 8: 52 (new name for Forficula ruficeps SHIRAKI, 1905, a junior secondary homonymy of Forficula ruficeps BURMEISTER, 1838). 1935 Forficula harberei - Wu, Cat. Ins. Sin.: 604 (China). Literature: BORELLI, 1 9 1 5 ; B U R R : 1 9 1 1 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 9 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1976.

Description: Male general colour dark reddish-brown; head reddish; antennae dark brown; lateral margins of pronotum, legs, tegmina and wings light brown, or yellowish brown; forceps dark red. Head longer than wide, frons tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures faintly visible, posterior margin concave in the middle. Eyes prominent, but small, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint normally developed, about as long as distance between antennal bases or somewhat shorter. Pronotum about as wide as head, and somewhat longer than wide, narrowed posteriorly; lateral margins straight, posterior angles broadly rounded, posterior margin convex; median longitudinal furrow present; prozona tumid, well differentiated from flat metazona. Tegmina and wings well developed. Abdomen fusiform, all tergites punctured; somewhat depressed; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct. Ultimate tergite transverse, depressed medially near posterior margin. Pygidium very small, rounded posteriorly. Forceps (Fig. 1071) elongate, branches flattened basally and medially, forming a long rectangular inner flange; inner margins of the flange generally undulate and very finely crenulate; distal portion of forceps short,

661

strongly curved, and pointed apically. Genitalia (Fig. 1072, gen. prep. No. 1020, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) characteristic, not of Forficula-type; central parameral plate oval and widened apically, virga within genital lobe long, with strongly sclerotized basal vesicle; external parameres broadly rounded apically. - Female unknown to me. - Length of body with forceps: 16-18 mm. Distribution: Taiwan, and South China.

Fig. 1071 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Forficula harberei BURR. Original.

55.

Forficula abbottabadiensis

Fig. 1072 Male genital armature of Forficula harberei BURR. Original.

BHARADWAJ & KAPOOR

1967 Forficula abbottabadiensis BHARADWAJ & KAPOOR, Bull. Ent.,8(2): 5; fig. 10 (male forceps), 11 (penultimate sternite), 12 (genitalia of holotype). - Terra typica: India (Type male: FLETCHER'S Collection). Literature: BHARADWAJ & KAPOOR, 1 9 7 0 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 .

Description: Male general colour dark chestnut; antennae reddish-brown; legs and forceps light brown, shiny. Head longer than wide, frons and occiput nearly equally tumid; postfrontal and coronal sutures not marked, posterior margin of head concave in the middle. Eyes small, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint broad and elongated, longer than the second and third together. Pronotum longer than wide, anterior margin truncate, lateral margins parallel, posterior margin gently rounded; median longitudinal furrow very feebly marked; prozona tumid, metazona slightly depressed. Tegmina about three and a half times longer than wide. Wings normally developed. Abdomen elongate, convex, slightly widened medially; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct. Ultimate tergite transverse, somewhat depressed medially near

662 posterior margin, but without tumid projections on the roots of the forceps. Pygidium small, rounded. Forceps (Fig. 1073) subcontiguous, elongated, of Forficula-type; branches strongly flattened basally and medially, forming a longer inner flange; inner margins of the flange more or less parallel and feebly crenulate. Distal portion of the forceps short, regularly narrowed apically. Genitalia (Fig. 1074) specific, of Forficula-type; central parameral plate short, oval, virga within genital lobe short, with a strongly sclerotized basal vesicle; external parameres normally developed. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 18 mm. Distribution: India, and Pakistan.

Fig. 1073 Holotype ultimate tergite with forceps of Forficula abbottabadiensis

Fig. 1074 Holotype genital armature of Forficula abbottabadiensis BHARADWAJ &

BHARADWAJ & KAPOOR. A f t e r BHARADWAJ & KAPOOR.

KAPOOR. A f t e r BHARADWAJ & KAPOOR.

56.

Forficula interrogans

BURR

1905 Forficula interrogans BURR, Entomologist's month. Mag., (2) 184: 85. - Terra typica: India (Type male: Mus. nation. Hist, nat., Paris). 1907 Forficula interrogans - BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. London, 1907: 114; pi. 4, fig. 7 (male ultimate tergite with forceps). 1910 Forficula interrogans - BURR, Fauna Brit. India Dermaptera: 173; fig. 61 (male in dorsal view) (Sikkim). L i t e r a t u r e : BURR, 1 9 1 1 ; GANGOLA, 1 9 6 5 ; KAPOOR, 1 9 6 7 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 9 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 .

Description: Male general colour dark chestnut and testaceous; head dark red, sometimes orange; legs, tegmina and wings light brown; lateral margins of pronotum yellowish; abdominal tergites dark reddish-brown. Head comparatively large, broad, tumid; postfrontal and coronal sutures indistinct, sometimes marked with a faint line; posterior margin of head concave in the middle. Eyes

663 small, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint typical, shorter than distance between antennal bases. Pronotum transverse, anterior margin truncate, lateral margins convex, posterior angles and margin broadly rounded; median longitudinal furrow present; prozona tumid, metazona flat. Tegmina and wings normally developed. Abdomen fusiform, somewhat widened medially, all tergites densely punctulate; lateral glandular folds present on tergites 3 - 4 , blackish. Ultimate tergite rectangular, strongly transverse, simple, depressed medially near posterior margin. Pygidium very small. Forceps (Fig. 1075) short, of Forficula-type; branches flattened basally, forming a large inner flange; inner margins of the flange parallel. Distal portion of forceps short, very gently incurved apically, not meeting at the apex. - Female unknown. Length of body with forceps: 9-10mm. Distribution: India.

57.

Forfícula bhutanensis

BRINDLE

1975 Forfícula bhutanensis BRINDLE, Ent. Basil., 1: 43; fig. 45 (male in dorsal view). - Terra typica: Bhutan (Type male: Naturhist. Mus., Basel). 1982 Forfícula bhutanensis - SRIVASTAVA, Ent. Basil., 7: 68 (West Bengal, Nepal, Himalayas). L i t e r a t u r e : SAKAI, 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 8 3 .

Description: Male black, rather shiny; antennae dark brown; head sometimes slightly reddish; legs dark brown; tarsi and wings (occasionally) yellow. Cuticle of head smooth, pronotum coriaceous, especially medially; tegmina and wings finely coriaceous, glabrous; abdominal tergites coriaceous, punctures sparse and not well marked, but more distinct than in schlagintweiti (BURR). Head large, transverse, tumid, except for depressed occiput; postfrontal sutures conspicuous, coronal suture indistinct; posterior margin concave in the middle. Eyes normally developed, but a little shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint shorter than distance between antennal bases. Pronotum strongly transverse, somewhat narrowed posteriorly, lateral margins more or less converging to last angles; posterior margin angularly convex; median longitudinal furrow

664 present. Tegmina and wings well developed, sometimes shorter. Abdomen broad and depressed; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 present. Ultimate tergite transverse, smooth, depressed medially near posterior margin and with two tumid elevations near the rooths of the forceps. Pygidium small, rounded posteriorly. Forceps (Fig. 1076) stout, strongly bowed; branches flattened basally, forming a shorter inner flange; inner margins of the flange with tubercles and denticles. - Female very similar to male, but ultimate tergite simple, smooth; forceps straight, tapering, contiguous. - Length of body with forceps, male: 12-17 mm, female: 11-15 mm. Distribution: India, Nepal, Bhutan.

58.

Forfícula calmar

STEINMANN

1988 Forfícula calmar STEINMANN, Acta zool. hung., 34 (1): 21; fig. 59 (male ultimate tergite with forceps), 60 (genitalia of holotype). - Terra typica: Formosa (Type male, gen. prep. N o . 1022, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN: Természettudományi Múzeum, Budapest).

Description: Male general colour dark brownish-black to black; head, antennae, legs dark brown, tegmina dark reddish-brown, wings yellow, conspicuous, but sutural margins and tips with narrow, dark brown margins. Head large, frons and occiput tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures deeply marked, posterior margin concave in the middle. Eyes very small, significantly shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint typical, shorter than distance between antennal bases. Pronotum transverse, semicircular, anterior margin truncate, lateral margins convex, posterior angles with margin broadly rounded; median longitudinal furrow present, prozona tumid, well differentiated from flat metazona. Tegmina normally developed, surface shiny with deep punctures. Wings prominent. Abdomen fusiform, somewhat depressed, all tergites punctured, lateral glandular folds on third tergite small, those on fourth large. Ultimate tergite transverse, sloping, depressed medially near posterior margin. Pygidium not visible in superior view. Forceps (Fig. 1077) of Forfícula-

665 type, branches flattened basally, forming a medium-size, rectangular inner flange, inner margins of the flange with parallel section; crenulated; distal portion of forceps somewhat longer than the length of inner flange; regularly curved, tips hooked. Genitalia (Fig. 1078) specific; central parameral plate fully developed, comparatively long, virga within genital lobe long, basal vesicle strongly sclerotized, characteristic; external paramerea comparatively short, broad, tips obtuse. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 15 mm. Distribution: Taiwan, and China: Fujian.

Fig. 1077 Holotype ultimate tergite with forceps of Forficula calmar STEINMANN. After

Fig. 1078 Holotype genital armature of Forficula calmar STEINMANN. After

STEINMANN.

STEINMANN.

59.

Forficula cicero

STEINMANN

1988 Forficula cicero STEINMANN, Acta zool. hung., 34 (1): 22; fig. 61 (male ultimate tergite with forceps), 62 (genitalia of holotype). - Terra typica: Vietnam (Type male, gen. prep. No. 1023, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN: Természettudomànyi Muzeum, Budapest).

Description: Male head and forceps dark reddish; antennae dark brown; foreleg brown; middle and hind legs, tegmina and wings dirty, dark yellowishbrown; abdominal tergites dark reddish medially and posteriorly, anterior segments blackish. Lateral margins of pronotum yellowish, median portion blackish. Head normally developed, rounded, frons tumid postfrontal and coronal sutures present; posterior margin of head concave in the middle. Eyes typical, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint small, shorter than distance between antennal bases. Pronotum faintly transverse, lateral margins straight, somewhat converging posteriorly, posterior margin

666 convex; median longitudinal furrow present in prozona. Tegmina and wings normally developed. Abdomen elongate, somewhat depressed; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct. Ultimate tergite transverse, with a smaller median depression near posterior margin. Pygidium distinct, dorsal part small, rounded, ventral portion narrowed posteriorly, posterior margin concave. Forceps (Fig. 1079) short, of Forficula-type; branches with medium-size inner flange, the inner flange with crenulated and more or less parallel inner margins; distal portion of forceps less curved, cylindrical in cross-section. Genitalia (Fig. 1080) narrow; central parameral plate elongate and very narrow, virga within genital lobe long, basal vesicle very small, not of Forficula-type; external parameres very narrow and long. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 13 mm. Distribution: Vietnam.

Fig. 1079 Holotype ultimate tergite with forceps of Forficula cicero STEINMANN. After

Fig. 1080 Holotype genital armature of Forficula cicero STEINMANN. After STEINMANN.

STEINMANN.

60. 1915

Forficula mandarína

BORELLI

Forficula mandarína BORELLI, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. R. Univ., Torino, 30 ( 6 9 8 ) : 2 . Terra typica: China: Szechwan (Type male, gen. prep. No. 7 5 6 , det. Dr. H . STEINMANN: M U S . 1st. Zool. sist. Univ., Torino).

L i t e r a t u r e : BEY-BIENKO, 1 9 3 4 , 1 9 3 6 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 9 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 .

Description: Male large; general colour dark reddish-black, except occiput, lateral margins of pronotum, legs, tegmina and wings, dark brown. Head longer than wide, frons tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures distinct, quite visible, posterior margin straight. Eyes comparatively large, but somewhat shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint well developed, about as long

667 as distance between antennal bases, or sometimes a little shorter. Pronotum transverse, anterior margin transversely truncate, the disc somewhat narrowed posteriorly; lateral margins straight, posterior margin rounded; median longitudinal furrow present; prozona tumid, well differentiated from flat metazona. Tegmina and wings comparatively short, but normally developed. Abdomen large, broad, depressed, tergites punctured, and shiny; lateral glandular folds on third tergite smaller, those on fourth larger. Ultimate tergite strongly transverse, depressed medially near posterior margin and the plate with two obtuse, tumid elevations near the roots of the forceps. Pygidium small. Forceps (Fig. 1081) of Forficula-type; branches flattened basally, and forming a typical inner flange; inner margins of the flange serrated and more or less parallel; the distal end of the flange ending smoothly or with a blunt tooth. Distal portion of the forceps depressed, oval or elliptical in cross-section, and strongly curved. Genitalia (Fig. 1082, gen. prep. No. 451, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) characteristic; central parameral plate large, oval apically, virga within genital lobe long, basal vesicle small, narrow [I have a specimen from Fujian: "Kuatum (2300 m), 117,406, L. J. K. 5.5.1938 (Fukien)" with two virgae, as in Fig. 1082]; external parameres fully developed, and rounded. - Female very similar to male, but forceps (Fig. 1083) shorter, depressed, irregularly narrowed apically. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 16-24 mm. Distribution: China: Szechwan, and Fujian.

Fig. 1081 Male ultímate tergite with fórceps of Forficula mandarina

mandarina

BORELLI. A f t e r S T E I N M A N N .

Original.

Fig. 1082 Male genital armature of Forficula BORELLI.

Fig. 1083 Female ultímate tergite with fórceps of Forficula mandarina BORELLI. Original.

668

61.Forficula genitalia

KAPOOR

1968 Forficula genitalia KAPOOR, Entomologist, London, 198:17; pi. 4, fig. 1 (male in dorsal view), 2 (posterior margin of penultimate sternite), 3 (genitalia of holotype). - Terra typica: India (Type male: KAPOOR'S Collection). Literature: BHARADWAJ & KAPOOR, 1 9 7 0 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 .

Description: Male very narrow with elongate legs; general colour fuscous; wings dirty yellow; forceps reddish-brown. Head comparatively large, rounded; frons tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures distinct, quite visible; posterior margin concave in the middle. Eyes moderately large, but somewhat shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joints broad and small, shorter than distance between antennal bases. Pronotum small, narrower than head, slightly wider than long; anterior margin truncate, sides convex, posterior margin rounded; prozona tumid, metazona flat; median longitudinal furrow distinct. Tegmina elongate, about four times longer than wide; in original description: anal margins rounded (in figure truncate), costal and sutural margins straight (in figure convex), the costal margin with a well-developed keel. Abdomen elongate, somewhat depressed; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct. Ultimate tergite transverse, smooth, simple. Pygidium small, rounded posteriorly. Forceps (Fig. 1084) of Forficula-type; branches flattened basally, forming a rectangular flange internally; inner margins of the flange parallel and crenulated; distal portion of the forceps cylindrical, regularly curved apically. Genitalia (Fig. 1085) characteristic; not of Forficula-type, quite different from other described species of the genus Forficula. Virga within genital lobe very long, with a specific basal vesicle. External parameres broadly rounded. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 11 mm. Distribution: India.

Fig. 1084 Holotype ultimate tergite with forceps of Forficula genitalia KAPOOR. After KAPOOR.

Fig. 1085 Holotype genital armature of Forficula genitalia KAPOOR. After KAPOOR.

669 62.

Forficula flavalis

BRINDLE

1983 Forficula flavalis B R I N D L E , Senckenbergiana biol., 9 3 (1982): 102; fig. 19 (male forceps), 25 (genitalia of holotype). - Terra typica: Nepal (Type male: Senckenberg Mus., Frankfurt am Main).

Description: Male general colour black, shiny; lateral margins of pronotum, exposed part of wings, yellow; tarsi paler. Head broad, widened behind eyes; postfrontal and coronal sutures distinct, posterior margin concave in the middle. Eyes small, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint small, shorter than distance between antennal bases. Pronotum strongly transverse, lateral margins curving smoothly into convex posterior margin; median longitudinal forrow present; prozona tumid, well differentiated from flat metazona. Tegmina well developed, posterior margins slightly concave; wings prominent. Abdomen almost parallel-sided, somewhat depressed; lateral glandular folds on third tergite very small, those on fourth tergite large. Ultimate tergite strongly transverse, somewhat depressed nedially near posterior margin. Pygidium specific, posterior margin with a small tubercle medially. Forceps (Fig. 1086) of Forficula-type; branches strongly flattened basally, the inner flange well developed, inner margins of the flange parallel and crenulated. Distal portion of the forceps evenly curved. Genitalia (Fig. 1087) specific; central parameral plate oval, broad, comparatively short; virga within genital lobe normally developed, basal vesicle more or less straight and strongly sclerotized, not of Forficula-type. External parameres fully developed, widened basally, narrowed apically, apices broadly rounded. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 15 mm. Distribution: Nepal.

Fig. 1086 Holotype ultimate tergite with forceps of Forficula flavalis B R I N D L E . After BRINDLE.

Fig. 1087 Holotype genital armature of Forficula flavalis B R I N D L E . After B R I N D L E .

670 63.Forficula hinnulea

HINCKS

1947 Forficula hinnulea HINCKS, Ark. Zool., Uppsala, 39A (1): 36; fig. 20 (genitalia of holotype), 21 (male ultimate tergite with forceps). - Terra typica: Burma (Type male: Naturhist. Riksmus., Stockholm). L i t e r a t u r e : SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 .

Description: Male head brown; pronotum shiny brown, lateral margins stramineous; tegmina brown on inner half, with broad fawn-colored lateral band; abdominal tergites castaneous, segments lighter distad; ultimate tergite and forceps dark brown. Head broad, tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures obsolete, posterior margin concave in the middle. Eyes typical, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint small, essentially shorter than distance between antennal bases. Pronotum about as long as wide; anterior margin truncate, sides slightly divergent posteriorly; posterior margin rounded; median longitudinal furrow present; prozona not noticeably differentiated. Tegmina ample, normally developed, about twice as long as pronotum. Wings ample, shorter than pronotum. Abdomen slightly expanded posteriorly, rather finely punctate especially at apex of tergites; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct. Ultimate tergite transverse, depressed medially near posterior margin, the palte with two low tubercles above base of forceps; surface coarsely transversely rugose and punctate, particularly in region of tubercles. Pygidium very small and not prominent, rounded posteriorly. Forceps (Fig. 1088) of Forficula-type; branches flattened, forming a rectangular inner flange; inner margins of the flange parallel and crenulated; distal part of forceps specific, irregularly narrowed apically. Genitalia (Fig. 1089) very narrow; central parame-

Fig. 1088 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Forficula hinnulea HINCKS. After HINCKS.

Fig. 1089 Holotype genital armature of Forficula hinnulea HINCKS. After HINCKS.

671 ral plate narrow, long, virga within genital lobe long, with specific basal vesicle; external parameres fully developed, as in Fig. 1089. - Female unknown. - Length of body with forceps: 14 mm. Distribution: Burma. 64.

Forficula schlagintweiti

(BURR)

1904 Anechura schlagintweiti BURR, Trans, ent. Soc. London, 1904: 313. - Terra typica: Tibet (Type male: Mus. nation. Hist, nat., Paris). 1911 Forficula schlagintweiti - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 81 (Tibet, Himalaya). 1910 Forficula schlagintweiti - BURR, Fauna Brit. India, Dermaptera: 166; fig. 54 (male in dorsal view) (Sikkim, Tibet). 1936 Forficula schlagintweiti - BEY-BIENKO, Faune de l'URSS, Dermaptera: 130 (North India from Sikkim in the east to Punjab and Kashmir in the west; Tibet). 1947 Forficula schlagintweiti - HINCKS, Ark. Zool. Uppsala, 39 A (1): 32; fig. 1 7 - 1 9 (male genitalia) (typical form from Sikkim, small form from Sikkim, and typical form from Burma). 1983 Forficula schlagintweiti-SRIVASTAVA, Proc. Wkshp. High Alt. & Wildl. Ecol. zool. Surv. India: 127; fig. 14A (male in dorsal view) (India, Nepal, Bhutan, Tibet, Burma, Szechwan). Literature: BEY-BIENKO, 1 9 2 5 , 1 9 5 9 ; BURR, 1 9 0 8 ; CHOPARD, 1 9 6 6 ; HEBARD, 1 9 2 3 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 9 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; SEMENOV & BEY-BIENKO, 1 9 3 5 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 ; W u , 1 9 3 5 .

Description: Male rather stout, large; colour entirely deep black, smooth and shiny. Head smooth, tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures obsolete, posterior margin concave in the middle. Eyes shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint typical, shorter than distance between antennal bases. Pronotum strongly transverse, narrowed posteriorly; lateral margins convex,

Figs 1090 and 1091 Brachylabic and macrolabic male forceps of Forficula schlagintweiti

Fig. 1092 Male genital armature of Forficula schlagintweiti (BURR). After

Fig. 1093 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Forficula schlagintweiti

(BURR). O r i g i n a l .

HINCKS.

(BURR). O r i g i n a l .

672 posterior margin very slightly convex; median longitudinal furrow distinct; prozona somewhat tumid, with clear median furrow, metazona flattened. Tegmina and wings normally developed; smooth. Legs intense black, including even the tarsi, which are clothed with a dense reddish pubescence; femora rather long, tarsi long, the first joint as long as the other two together; the second joint longer than usual, but very distinctly lobed. Abdomen smooth, enlarged in middle and depressed; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct. Ultimate tergite transverse, depressed medially near posterior margin with two low tumid elevations above roots of forceps. Pygidium small, subvertical, obtuse. Forceps stout, strongly bowed, somewhat straight, gently curved near apices; branches flattened basally, the flange shorter or longer, inner margins with parallel section; distal portion of the forceps strongly curved, form brachylabia as in Fig. 1090, and the same for form macrolabia as in Fig. 1091. Genitalia (Fig. 1092) normally developed; central parameral plate strongly narrowed basally, virga within genital lobe long, basal vesicle not of Forfícula-type; external parameres narrow, simple, obtuse. - Female very similar to male, but ultimate tergite without elevations, and forceps (Fig. 1093) straight, simple, tapering, contiguous. Length of body with forceps, male: 11-20 mm, female: 15-18 mm. Distribution: India, Nepal, Bhutan, China: Tibet, Szechwan, and Burma. 65.

Forfícula ornata

BORMANS

Forfícula ornata BORMANS, Notes Leyden Mus., 6 : 192. - Terra typica: Madras (Type male: Mus. civ. Stor. nat. Genova). 1 9 0 0 Forfícula ornata - BORMANS & KRAUSS, Das Tierreich, Berlin, 1 1 : 1 2 4 ; fig. 4 4 (male in dorsal view) (Burma, Western India, Sumatra). 1927 Emiforficula ornata - M E N O Z Z I , Ent. Mitt., 16: 239. 1973 Forfícula (Emiforficula) ornata - SAKAI, Dermapterorum Cat. Prael., Tokyo, 7 : 296. 1976 Forfícula ornata - SRIVASTAVA, Misc. Publ. Occ. Calcutta, 2 : 64 (India, Nepal, South China, Burma, Vietnam and Sumatra). Literature: BEY-BIENKO, 1 9 5 9 ; BOLIVAR, 1 8 9 7 ; BOSEMAN, 1 9 5 4 ; H I N C K S , 1 9 4 7 ; B U R R , 1 9 0 7 , 1 9 1 0 , 1884

1 9 1 1 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 9 ; SAKAI, 1 9 8 2 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 .

Description: Male colour reddish varied with testaceous; lateral margins of pronotum yellowish, brown in the middle; tegmina fuscous, with a broad, rather long, paler yellowish band down the disc; wings testaceous, faintly banded with fuscous. Head broad, somewhat longer than wide; postfrontal and coronal sutures faintly marked, posterior margin concave in the middle. Eyes and first antennal joints typical, short. Pronotum semicircular, anterior margin truncate, lateral and posterior margins together strongly rounded; median longitudinal furrow distinct. Tegmina and wings normally developed. Abdomen somewhat depressed, more or less parallel-sided; lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 present. Ultimate tergite transverse, scarcely tumid, but somewhat depressed medially near posterior margin. Pygidium rounded. Forceps with branches rather convex and stout, subcontiguous; inner basal flange undeveloped, the

673 distal end of the flange broadly rounded (Fig. 1094, form microlabia) or ending smoothly (Fig. 1095, form macrolabia); distal portion of the forceps shorter or longer. Genitalia (Fig. 1096, gen. prep. No. 529, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN) not of Forficula-type; central parameral plate oval, normally developed, virga within genital lobe long, basal vesicle specific; external parameres very long, obtuse. Female similar to male, but forceps simple, straight, contiguous. - Length of body with forceps, in both sexes: 13-19 mm. Distribution: India, Nepal, South China, Burma, Vietnam, and Sumatra.

Figs 1094 and 1095 Microlabis and macrolabic male forceps of Forficula ornata

Fig. 1096 Male genital armature of Forficula ornata BORMANS. Original.

BORMANS. Original.

66.

Forfícula spendida

BEY-BIENKO

1933 Forficula spendida BEY-BEENKO, Ark. Zool., Uppsala, 25A (20): 7; pi. 1, fig. 4 (male in dorsal view). - Terra typica: China: Gansu (Type male: unknown locality). 1975 Forficula spendida - STEINMANN, Folia ent. hung., 28 (1): 170; fig. 58 (male genitalia, 59 (male forceps). L i t e r a t u r e : BEY-BIENKO, 1 9 3 6 , 1 9 5 9 ; POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 9 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; SJÓSTEDT, 1 9 3 3 ; SRIVASTAVA, 1 9 7 6 .

Description: Male general colour dark reddish-brown; antennae, legs and tegmina with wings brown; median part of pronotum blackish, lateral sides yellowish brown. Head broad, tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures faintly marked; posterior margin of head concave in the middle. Eyes small, shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint typical, shorter than distance between antennal bases. Pronotum faintly transverse, narrowed posteriorly;

674 anterior margin truncate, lateral margins faintly convex, posterior margin convex; median longitudinal furrow present; prozona tumid, well differentiated from flat metazona. Tegmina and wings normally developed. Abdomen fusiform, widened medially, lateral glandular folds on third tergite small, those on fourth tergite large. Ultimate tergite transverse, simple, smooth. Pygidium comparatively long and narrow, rounded posteriorly. Forceps (Fig. 1097) of Forficula-type; branches flattened basally, forming a rectangular inner flange; the inner margins of the flange parallel and faintly crenulated. Distal portion of the forceps narrowing apically. Genitalia (Fig. 1098, gen. prep. No. 417, det. Dr. H. STEINMANN from Vietnam) small; central parameral plate oval, strongly narrowed basally, virga within genital lobe long, basal vesicle not of Forficulatype; external parameres normally developed, somewhat curved inwards. Female unknown to me. - Length of body with forceps: 15-18 mm. Distribution: Southern China, and Vietnam.

Fig. 1097 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Forficula splendida BEY-BIENKO. After

Fig. 1098 splendida

Male genital armature of Forficula After STEINMANN.

BEY-BIENKO.

STEINMANN.

67. 1929 1989

Forficula vilmi

STEINMANN

Forficula modesta MENOZZI (nec STAL, 1 8 6 0 ) , Mem. Soc. ent. Ital., 8 (1): 1 1 . - Terra typica: Australia (Type male: Mus. civ. Stor. nat., Genova). Forficula viimi STEINMANN (new name for Forficula modesta MENOZZI, 1 9 2 9 , a junior secondary homonymy of Forficula modesta STAL, 1 8 6 0 ) , World Catalogue of Dermaptera, Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, p. 844.

L i t e r a t u r e : POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 9 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 ; STEINMANN, 1 9 8 3 .

Description: Male similar to auricularia LINNAEUS. Head, pronotum, tegmina and wings yellowish-brown; antennae and forceps light brown; legs dirty yellow;

675 abdominal tergites dark reddish-brown. Head broad, tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures present, posterior margin concave in the middle. Eyes comparatively large, but somewhat shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint small, shorter than distance between antennal bases. Pronotum transverse, widened posteriorly; anterior margin transversely truncate, lateral margins straight, posterior angles and margin rounded; median longitudinal furrow distinct. Prozona tumid, well differentiated from flat and depressed metazona. Tegmina and wings normally developed. Abdomen depressed, widened medially; lateral glandular folds on third tergite smaller, those on fourth tergite larger. Ultimate tergite transverse, lateral margins with a smaller lobe-like ridge, which is very similar to auricularia LINNAEUS. Pygidium small. Forceps (Fig. 1099) short; branches of Forficula-type, flattened basally, forming a shorter inner flange; inner margins of the flange with a strongly dentated parallel section. Distal portion of the forceps short, cylindrical, strongly curved. Genitalia (Fig. 1 1 0 0 , gen. prep. No. 6 6 1 , det. Dr. H. STEINMANN from paratype) of Forficula-type; central parameral plate broad, large, virga within genital lobe short, basal vesicle with typical Forficula-type curvature; external parameres fully developed, rounded apically. - Female very similar to male, but forceps (Fig. 1101) simple, straight, tapering, contiguous. - Length of body with forceps: 1 3 - 1 5 mm. Distribution: Australia.

Fig. 1099 Paratype male ultimate tergite with forceps of Forficula vilmi STEINMANN. Original.

Fig. 1100 Paratype genital armature of Forficula vilmi STEINMANN. Original.

Fig. 1101 Female ultimate tergite with forceps of Forficula vilmi STEINMANN. Original.

676 68.

Forfícula burgersi

GÜNTHER

1929 Forficula burgersi GUNTHER, Mitt. zool. Mus. Berl., 15 (1): 79; fig. 7 (male forceps), 8 (ditto, laterally). - Terra typica: New Guinea (Type male: Mus. Naturkunde, Berlin). 1983 Forficula biirgerisi (misprint) - SRIVASTAVA, Rec. zool. Surv. India, 80: 502; fig. 3B (male genitalia), 3C (head and pronotum), 3D (male ultimate tergite with forceps), 3E (basal part of male forceps in lateral view). L i t e r a t u r e : POPHAM & BRINDLE, 1 9 6 9 ; SAKAI, 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 2 .

Description: Male general colour dark reddish-brown; head reddish, lateral margins of pronotum, legs light brown, median part of pronotum blackish; abdominal tergites reddish-brown. Head somewhat longer than wide, large, tumid, postfrontal and coronal sutures not visible, posterior margin straight in the middle. Eyes very small, essentially shorter than the length of head behind eyes. First antennal joint moderately long, about as long as distance between antennal bases. Pronotum transverse, simicircular, anterior margin truncate, the disc strongly narrowed posteriorly; lateral margins convex, posterior angles and margin broadly rounded; median longitudinal furrow indistinct. Tegmina and wings normally developed. Abdomen fusiform, depressed, lateral glandular folds on tergites 3 - 4 distinct. Ultimate tergite strongly transverse, depressed medially near posterior margin; posterior margin trisinuate. Pygidium not visible in superior view. Forceps unknown to me, I am familiar only with a figure by SRIVASTAVA ( 1 9 8 3 : 5 0 2 ) (Fig. 1102); branches flattened basally, forming a rectangular inner flange; inner margins of the flange parallel and serrated; distal portion of the forceps regularly curved, and cylindrical. Genitalia (Fig. 1103) characteristic, not of Forficula-type, quite different from other described species of the genus Forficula. Virga within genital lobe specific, long, with a smaller

Fig. 1102 Male ultimate tergite with forceps of Forficula burgersi GÜNTHER. After SRIVASTAVA.

Fig. 1103 Male genital armature of Forficula burgersi GÜNTHER. After SRIVASTAVA.

677

basal vesicle; external parameres comparatively small, as in Fig. 1103. - Female unknown to me. - Length of body with forceps: 17,5 mm. Distribution: New Guinea. Doubtful position ? Forfícula capensis

THUNBERGER

1827 Forfícula capensis THUNBERGER, Act. Soc., Uppsala, 9: 52. - Terra typica: South Africa (Type unknown). 1911 Forfícula capensis - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 97 (in doubtful position).

? Forfícula mabillei

ROCHENBERG

1883 Forfícula mabillei ROCHENBERG, Bull. Soc. Philom., (7) 7: 175. - Type unknown.

? Forfícula flexuosa

FABRICIUS

1775 Forfícula flexuosa FABRICIUS (nec BURMEISTER, 1838), Syst. Ent.: 269. - Type unknown.

? Forfícula doumerci

SERVILLE

1839 Forfícula doumerci SERVILLE, Hist. nat. Ins., Orth., Paris: 41. - Terra typica: Cayanne (Type female: unknown locality). 1911 Forfícula doumerci - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 97 (in doubtful position).

? Forfícula albertisii

DUBRONY

1879 Forfícula albertisii DUBRONY, Ann. Mus. civ. Stor. nat. Genova, 14: 378; fig. (female in dorsal view). - Terra typica: Sarawak (Type female: ALBERTIS'S Collection). 1900 Forfícula albertisii - BORMANS & KRAUSS, Das Tierreich, Berlin, 11:128 (Borneo, New Guinea).

Original description: "Nigra, punctata, pronoti marginibus lateralibus et postico, tenuissimis, pedibus, forcipeque sordide flavis. Forcipis brachia contigua subrecta, apice subincurva " ? Forfícula gravelyi

BURR

1914 Forfícula gravelyi BURR, Rec. Indian Mus., 10: 293. - Terra typica: India (Type male: unknown locality).

Forfícula kinfomontis Liu 1946 Forfícula kinfo-montis LIU, J1W. China Border Res. Soc., 3 (16): 19; fig. (male in dorsal view). Terra typica: China (Type male: unknown locality).

? Forfícula fasciata

THUNBERGER

1827 Forfícula fasciata THUNBERGER, Act. Soc. Uppsala, 9: 52. - Type unknown.

678 ? Genus: Mesolabia

SHIRAKI

1905 Mesolabia SHIRAKI, Trans. Sapporo nat. Hist. Soc., 1: 12. - Species typica: Mesolabia niitakaensis

SHIRAKI, 1905.

1911 Mesolabia - BURR, Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 122: 97 (as genus of uncertain position).

?Mesolabia niitakaensis

SHIRAKI

1905 Mesolabia niitakaensis SHIRAKI, Trans. Sapporo nat. Hist. Soc., 1: 12. - Terra typica: Formosa (Type female: unknown locality).

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680 BHATNAGAR, S.P. (1964): The Morphology of the Male and Female Terminalia and External Genitalia of the Earwigs, Labidura riparia (PALL.). - Entomologist, London, 97: 106-112. BHATNAGER, S. P. see BHARADWAJ, R . K . & BHATNAGAR, S. P. BISWAS, S., LAHIRI, A . R . & GHOSH, A . K . ( 1 9 7 4 ) : T w o n e w s p e c i e s a n d n o t e s o n

Cranopygiafletcheri

(Dermaptera: Pygidicranidae) from Meghalaya. - Oriental Insects, New Delhi, 8 (4): 419-423. BOESEMANN, M. (1954): The Dermaptera in the Museums at Leiden and Amsterdam. - Zool. Verh. Leiden, 21: 1 - 1 2 2 . BOLIVAR, I. (1888): Enumeration des Orthoptéres de l'Ile de Cuba. - Mém. Soc. Zool. France, 1: 116-164.

- (1888): Dermàpteros, in: Catàlogo Sinóptico de los Orthopteros de la Fauna Ibèrica. - Coimbra, 10 pp. BONN, A . E . see CRUMB, S. E .

BORELLI, A. (1900): Descrizione di una nuova Forficola del Congo. - Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. R. Univ., Torino, 15 (381): 1 - 3 . - (1902): Forficole raccolte del Dott. Filippo Silvestri. - Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. R. Univ., Torino, 17 (418): 1 - 7 . - (1903): Di alcune Forflcule di Costa Rica. - Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. R. Univ., Torino, 18 (449): 1 - 5 . - (1904): Viaggio del Dr. Enrico Festa nella Republica del'Ecuador e regioni vicine. - Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. R. Univ., Torino, 19 (475): 1 - 6 . - (1904): Viaggio del Dr. Alfredo Borelli nella Republica Argentina e nel Paraguay. Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. R. Univ., Torino, 19 (479): 1 - 8 . - (1905): Forficole raccolte nel Paraguay dal Sig. A. Bertoni de Windelried. - Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. R. Univ., Torino, 20 (516): 1 - 1 2 . - (1906): Di alcune forficole dell'isola di Madeira. - Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. R. Univ., Torino, 21 (520): 1 - 4 . - (1906): Di una nuova specie di forficola di Madagaskar. - Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. R. Univ., Torino, 21 (528): 1 - 3 . - (1906): Forficole di Costa Rica. - Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. R. Univ., Torino, 21 (531): 1 - 1 9 . - (1906): Di una nuova specie di Forficola di Madagascar. - Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. R. Univ., Torino, 21 (533): 1 - 3 . - (1906): Spedizione al Ruwenzori di SAR Luigi Amedeo di Savoia Duca degli Abruzzi. Part. 5. Nuove specie di Forficole. - Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. R. Univ., Torino, 21 (541): 1 - 5 . - (1907): Nuova Forficola dell'Ecuador. - Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. R. Univ., Torino, 22 (552): 1-3. - (1907): Spedizione al Ruwenzori di SAR Luigi Amedeo di Savoia Duca degli Abruzzi. Part 17. Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. R. Univ., Torino, 22 (558): 1 - 6 . - (1907): Spedizione al Ruwenzori di SAR Luigi Amedeo di Savoia Duca degli Abruzzi. Part 27. Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. R. Univ., Torino, 22 (572): 1 - 2 . - (1907): Di una nuova specie di Forficola del Sudan. - Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. R. Univ., Torino, 22 (573): 1 - 2 . - (1907): Dermatteri dell'Africa Occidentale. - Ann. Mus. civ. Stor. nat. Genova, 3: 1 - 4 6 . - (1907): Dermatteri dell'Uganda e del Ruwenzori. - Estr. II. Ruwenz. sci.: 1 - 1 9 . - (1907): Ortotteri raccolti da Leonardo Fea nell'Africa occidentale. - Ann. Mus. civ. Stor. nat., Genova, 3:345-390. - (1907): Due nuove specie di Forficole di Costa Rica. - Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. R. Univ., Torino, 22 (574): 1 - 5 . - (1908): Descrizione di una nuova forficola di Madeira. - Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. R. Univ., Torino, 23 (582): 1 - 3 . - (1908): Materiali per la conoscenza della fauna Eritrea. - Boll. Soc. ent. Ital., 39: 3 - 9 . - (1908): Nuovo genere di Forficole di Costa Rica. - Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. R. Univ., Torino, 23 (594): 1 - 4 . - Nuove forficole del Kashmir (India). - Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. R. Univ., Torino, 24 (603): 1-4. - (1909): Forficole nuova o poco note di Costa Rica. - Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. R. Univ., Torino, 24(611): 1 - 2 2 .

681 (1909): Forfìcole raccolte del Prof. F. Silvestri nell' America Settentrionale e nelle isole Hawaii. Boll. Lab. Zool. agr. gen. Portici, 3: 314-328. 1909): Di una forficola pocodella regione etiopica. - Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. R. Univ., Torino, 25 (616): 1 - 3 . (1909): Dermatteri dellUganda e del Ruwenzori, Il Ruwenzori. - Rei. sci., 1: 3 - 1 9 . (1910): Mission géodesique de lEquateur Collections recueillies par M. le Dr. Rivet. Forficulides. Bull. Mus. natn. Hist, nat., Paris, 16: 156-158. (1910): Descrizione di una nuova spezie di Forficola di Costa Rica. - Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. R. Univ., Torino, 25 (623): 1 - 3 . (1911): Diagnosi preventive di dermatteri nuovi della regione indiana. - Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. R. Univ., Torino, 24 (640): 1 - 4 . (1911): Specie nuove di dermatteri di Costa Rica. - Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. R. Univ., Torino, 26(644): 1 - 1 0 . (1912): Nuovo genere di Dermatteri della Republica Argentina. - Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. R. Univ., Torino, 27 (649): 1 - 3 . (1912): Di alcuni Dermatteri della Republica Argentina. - Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. R. Univ., Torino, 27 (660): 1 - 3 . (1912): Dermaptères nouveaux ou peu connus du Muséum de Paris. - Bull. Mus. natn. Hist, nat., Paris, No. 1: 221-240. (1914): Dermatteri raccolti del Prof. F. Silvestri nell' Africa Occidentale. - Boll. Lab. Zool. agr. gen. Portici, 8: 264-274. (1915): Dermatteri delle Isole Filippine. - Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. R. Univ., Torino, 30 (697): 1-7. (1915): Di alcuni Dermatteri della Cina. - Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. R. Univ., Torino, 30 (698): 1-6.

(1915): Dermatteri nuovi o poco noti del Messico. - Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. R. Univ., Torino, 30 (699): 1 - 4 . (1915): Dermatteri delle Isola Filippine. - Soll. Mus. et. Zool. Anat. comp. R. Univ., Torino, 30 (705): 1 - 7 . (1915): Voyage de Ch. Alluaud et Jeannel en Afrique orientale, 1911-1912. - Ins. Orth.-Derm., Paris, 20 pp. (1916): Di una nuova specie del genere Forficula Lin. (F. abrutiana): - Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. R. Univ., Torino, 31 (711): 1 - 3 . (1916): Dermatteri delle Isole Filippine. - Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. R. Univ., Torino, 31 (715): 1-6.

Dermatteri delle Isole Filippino. - Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. R. Univ., Torino, 32 (721): 1 - 4 . (1918): Dermatteri delle Isole Filippine. - Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. R. Univ., Torino, 33 (726): 1-5. (1921): Di alcuni Dermatteri raccolti in Malesia dal prof. C.F. Baker. - Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. R. Univ., Torino, 35 (736): 1 - 8 . (1921): Dermaptères nouveaux du Muséum de Paris. - Bull. Mus. natn. Hist, nat., Paris, 1921: 7 7 - 8 3 et 156-161. (1923): Dermatteri delle Isole Filippine. - Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. R. Univ., Torino, 38 (13): 1-20.

(1923): Dermaptères de l'île Buru. - Treubia, Buitenzorg, 5: 331-339. (1924): Dermaptères du Congo Belge. - Revue zool. Afr., Bruxelles, 11 (4): 412-434. (1925): Nuova specie australiana di Dermatteri. - Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. R. Univ., Torino, 40 (36): 1 - 3 . (1926): Spolia Mentawiensia: Dermaptera. - Mal. B. Roy. Asiat. Soc., 4: 384-391. (1926): Dermatteri nuovi o poco noti della Malesia. - Res. biol., 1 (1): 1 - 1 1 . (1926): Dermatteri delle Isole Filippine. - Res. biol., 1 (1): 61-79. Dermaptères de Java, Sumatra et Iles Voisines. - Treubia, Buitenzorg, 8: 248-273. (1927): Dermatteri raccolti nell'Estremo Oriente. — Boll. Lab. Zool. agr. gen., Portici, 20: 60-78. (1928): Dermaptera, in: Insects of Samoa, P a r t ì . Fase. 1: 1 - 8 . (1931): Nouveau genre et nouvelle especè de Dermaptères de Madagascar. - Bull. Mus. natn. Hist, nat., Paris, 3 (2): 492-495.

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683 (1968): Contribution a la faune du Congo (Brazzaville), Mission A. Villiers et Descarpentries, 73. Dermaptera. Bull. Inst. fr. Afr. noire, 30: 772-779. (1968): The Dermaptera of Surinam and other Guyanas. - Stud. Faun. Sur.-Guy., 10: 1 - 6 0 . (1968): The Dermaptera of the Naturhistorika Riksmuseum, Stockholm. III. - Ark. Zool., Uppsala, (2) 20: 533-552 (1968): The Dermaptera of the Canary Islands. - Ark. Zool., Uppsala, (2) 22: 139-148. (1968): The Dermaptera of Venezuela. - Acta biol. Venezuela, 6 (1): 82-98. (1968): Dermaptera. - Explor. Pare natn. Garamba Miss., 53 (2): 17-32. (1968): A new Brazilian species of the genus Brachylabis D o h m (Dermaptera, Carcinophoridae). Pap. Avulsos zool. S. Paulo, 22 (4): 31-34. (1968): Contributions à la connaissance de la faune entomologique de la Côte-d'Ivoire (J. Decelle, 1961-1964). - Annls Mus. R. afr. Centr., Tervuren, 8. Zool., 165: 11-20. (1968): A revision of the Labiidae (Dermaptera) of the Neo-tropical and Nearctic Regions. 1. Pericominae, Strongylopsalinae, Sparattinae. - J. nat. Hist., London, 2: 273-303. (1968): Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Fauna Afghanistans.il. - Cas. Mor. Mus., 53: 291-296. (1969): Notes on the synonymy of the Neotropical genera Kleter Burr, Sarakas Burr and Dinex Burr (Dermaptera, Forficulidae). - Entomologist's month. Mag., London, 101: 111-114. (1969): Récoltes de Ph. Bruneau de Miré au Cameroun (Dermaptera). Bull. Inst. fr. Afr. noire, 31: 58-71. (1969): A new species of Brachylabia D o h m (Dermaptera, Carcinophoridae). from Malaysia. Entomologist, London 102: 197-200. (1969): The Dermaptera of the Azores and Madeira. - Bolm. Mus. munich. Funchal, 21 (103): 5-24. (1969): The Earwings (Dermaptera) of the Galapagos Islands. - Entomologist's Ree., London, 81: 331-334. (1969): Notes on the genus Acanthocordax Günther (Dermaptera, Forficulidae). - Entomologist's month. Mag., London, 105: 273-277. (1969): A new species of Vandex Burr (Dermaptera, Labiidae) from Africa. - Entomologist, London, 102: 190-193. (1969): A key to the African species of the genus Chaetospania Karsch (Dermaptera, Labiidae). Proc. R. ent. Soc. London, (B) 38 (7-8): 95-100. (1969): Notes on the genus Eudohrnia Burr (Dermaptera, Forficulidae). - Entomologist's month. Mag., London, 104: 230-232. (1969): Notes on the genus Timomenus Burr (Dermaptera, Forficulidae). - Entomologist's month. Mag., London, 104: 243-249. (1969): A new species of Pseudovostox Borelli (Dermaptera, Labiidae) from Angola. - Opusc. ent., Lundi, 34: 145-150. (1969): Dermaptera. in: Faune de Madagascar. Paris, 30: 1 - 1 1 2 . (1970): Notes on the London types of Dermaptera described by Linnaeus and Fabricius. Entomologist's Ree., London, 82: 176-179. (1970): A key to the Neotropical Genus Neolobophora Scudder, and related genera (Dermaptera, Forficulidae). - Entomologist's month. Mag., London, 106: 97-105. (1970): Dermaptera from Gabon. - Revue biol. Gabonica, 6 (1): 11-25. (1970): A Re-description of the type of Idolopsalis incerta (Bormans) (Dermaptera, Carcinophoridae). - Entomologist, London, 103: 115-118. (1970): A new species of the genus Argusina Hebard (Dermaptera, Labiidae) from Papua. Entomologist, London, 103: 147-150. (1970): A Prelimenary Revision of the Genus Skalistes Burr (Dermaptera, Forficulidae). Entomologist, London, 103: 217-228. (1970): The Hemimerina and Dermaptera of Angola. - Museo do Dundo, Lisboa: 3 9 - 7 4 . (1970): Dermaptera, in: La Faune Terrestre de l'île de Sainte-Hélène. - Annls Mus. r. afr. Centr. Tervuren, 8. Zool., 181: 213-227. (1970): New African species of the genus Pseudovostox Borelli (Dermaptera, Labiidae). - Revue zool. bot. Afr., Bruxelles, 81: 255-270. (1970): The Dermaptera of the Solomon Islands. - Pacific Insects, Honolulu, 12 (3): 641-700. (1971): The Dermaptera (Earwigs) of Dominica. - Smithsonial Contr. Zool., 63: 1 - 2 4 .

(1971): The Dermaptera of the Naturhistoriska Riksmuseum, Stockholm, IV. - Ent. Tidskr., Stockholm, 92 (1-2): 1 - 2 7 . (1971): The Dermaptera of the Caribbean. - Stud. Fauna Curacao, 38: 1 - 7 5 . (1971): Le Massif des Monts Lorna (Sierra Leone). IX. Dermaptera. - Mém. Ins. Fond. Afr. noire, 85: 265-281. (1971): A revision of the genus Doru Burr (Dermaptera, Forficulidae). - Pap. Avulsos zool. S. Paulo, 23 (21): 173-196. (1971): A revision of the Labiidae (Dermaptera) of the Neotropical and Nearctical Regions. II: Geracinae and Labiinae. - J. nat. Hist., London, 5: 155-182. (1971): A revision of the Labiidae (Dermaptera) of the Neotropical and Nearctic Regions. III. Spongiphorinae. - J. nat. Hist., London, 5: 521-568. (1971): Two new species of Dermaptera from Brasil. - Pap. Avulsos zool. S. Paulo, 23 (20): 165-171. (1971): Earwigs attracted to Light. - Entomologist's Ree., London, 15: (5): 150-152. (1971): The Dermaptera of Ceylon. - Ent. scand. Suppl., 1: 208-236. (1971): A key to Ethiopian species of Forficula L. (Dermaptera, Forficulidae). - Entomologist's month. Mag., London, 107: 195-199. (1971): New Neotropical Species of Dermaptera. - Entomologist, London, 104: 249-257. (1971): A review of the genus Nesogaster Verhoeff (Dermaptera: Labiidae). - Entomologist's month. Mag., London, 107: 114-126. (1972): Dermaptera. in: Insects of Micronesia. 5 (2): 97-171. (1972): Description of a new species of Dermaptera from the Solomon Islands. - Entomologist's Ree., London, 84: 281-283. (1972): The genus Kinesis Burr (Dermaptera: Chelisochidae). - Entomologist's Ree., London, 84: 199-203. (1972): A new species of Diplatys Serville (Dermaptera, Diplatyidae) from Costa Rica. Entomologist, London, 105: 281-283. (1972): A review of the genus Allodahlia Verhoeff (Dermaptera, Forficulidae). - Entomologist's month. Mag., London, 108: 23-30. (1973): The Dermaptera of Africa. Part I. - Musée R. afr. Centr., Tervuren, Ser. 8, No. 205:1-335. (1973): Dermaptera in the Hamburg Museum. - Ent. Mitt. zool. Mus. Hamburg, 4 (82): 395-402. (1973): A New Genus and Species of Geracinae (Dermaptera, Labiidae) from Guatemala. Entomologist, London, 106: 153-156. (1973): Dermaptera from Venezuela. Parti. Ancistrogastrinae (Forficulidae). - Rev. Fac. Agr. (Maracay), 7 (1): 47-51. (1973): Notes on Oriental Geracinae (Dermaptera, Labiidae). - Entomologist, London, 106: 137-143. (1973): Taxonomic notes on the genus Strongylopsalis Burr (Dermaptera, Labiidae). - J. Ent., Stockholm (B) 42 (1): 11-16. (1974): A New Species of Dermaptera (Forficulidae) from Mexican Bromelids. - Entomologist's Ree., London, 86: 5 - 8 . (1974): Dermaptera from Venezuela. Part 2. Diplatyidae and Labiidae (Geracinae): - Rev. Fac. Agr. (Maracay), 8 (1): 107-125. (1974): Dermaptera of Nepal. - Senckenbergiana biol., Frankfurt, 55 (1-3): 141-164. (1974): Dermaptera from the Sudan (Zoological contribution from the Finnish expeditions to the Sudan, No. 36). - Notulae Ent., Helsinki, 54: 57-59. (1975): A review of the genus Tagalina D o h m (Dermaptera, Pygidicranidae). - J. Ent., Stockholm (B) 44 (2): 145-151. (1975): Ergebnisse der Bhutan-Expedition 1972 des Naturhistorischen Museums in Basel (Dermaptera). - Ent. Basil., 1: 1 - 5 8 . (1975): Notes on the Neotropical genus Metresura Rehn (Dermaptera, Forficulidae). - Entomologist's month. Mag., London, 111: 79-88. (1975): Dermaptera from Reunion, with the description of a new genus and species of blind Dermaptera. - Annls Soc. ent. Fr., Paris, 11 (4): 763-766. (1975): Dermaptera from Ceylon (Sri Lanka). - Entomologist's month. Mag., London, 110 (1974): 147-152.

685 - (1975): Dermaptera. in: Mission entomologique du Musée royal de l'Afrique Centrale aux Monts Uluguru, Tanzania. - Revue zool. Afr., Bruxelles, 89: 681-695. - (1976): A New Species of Spongovostox Burr (Dermaptera, Labiidae) from Nigeria. - Entomologist's Ree., London, 88: 53-55. - (1976): Dermaptera from the Seychelles. - Revue zool. Afr., Bruxelles, 90: 435-445. - (1976): The Dermaptera of the New Hebrides. - Ree. S. Austr. Mus., 17 (13): 221-138. - (1976): The Dermaptera of New Caledonia. - Pacific Insects, Honolulu, 17 (1): 61-86. - (1977). The Identity of Anisolabis kudagae Burr (Dermaptera, Carcinophoridae) and a Description of a New Species of Anisolabis from Sri Lanka. - Entomologist's Ree., London, 89: 143-147. - (1977). Dermaptera from Ceylon. - Revue suisse Zool., Genève, 84 (2): 453-461. - (1977). Dermaptera from Venezuela. Part 3. Pygidicranidae and Labiidae (except Geracinae). Rev. Fac. Agr. (Maracay), 9 (3): 109-131. BRINDLE, A. & DECU, V. (1977): Dermaptera from caves in Cuba, in: Resultats des Expéditions Biospéologique Cubano-Roumaines à Cuba, 2: 373-375. BRINDLE, A. (1978): The Genera Syntonus Burr and Obelura Burr (Dermaptera, Forficulidae). Entomologist's Ree., London, 90: 313-316. - (1978): The Genus Emboros Burr (Dermaptera, Forficulidae). - Entomologist's Ree., London, 90: 60-62.

- (1978): Dermaptera from Kashmir and Ladakh (Insecta). - Senckenbergiana biol., Frankfurt, 58 (1977): 203-209. - (1978): The Dermaptera of Africa. Partii. - Musée R. l'Afr. Centr., Tervuren, No. 225: 1-204. - (1978): The Type of Labia maeklini Dohm (Dermaptera, Labiidae). - Entomologist's month. Mag., London, 114: 245-246. - (1979): Five new species of American earwigs (Dermaptera). - Entomologist's month. Mag., London, 115: 149-154. - (1980): Dermaptera from the Gunong Mulu National Park, Borneo. - Entomologist's Ree., London, 92: 171-175. - (1980): Two new genera of Neotropical earwigs (Dermaptera, Carcinophoridae). - Entomologist's month. Mag., London, 117: 77-82. - (1980): The cavernicolous fauna of Hawaiian lava tubes. 12. A new species of blind troglobiotic earwigs (Dermaptera, Carcinophoridae), with a revision of the related surface-living earwigs of the Hawaiian Islands. - Pacific Insects, Honolulu, 21 (4): 261-274. - (1981): The types of Dermaptera described by Fabricius. - Entomologist's Ree., London, 93: 11-16.

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HEBARD, M. (1917): Dermapterological Notes. - Proc. Acad. nat. Sei. Philad., 69: 231-250. - (1917): A contribution to the knowledge of the Dermaptera of Panama. - Trans. Am. ent. Soc., 43: 301-334. - (1917): Notes on Mexican Dermaptera. - Trans. Am. ent. Soc., 43: 409-432. - (1917): Notes on earwigs (Dermaptera) of North America, north of the Mexican Boundary. - Ent. News, Philadelphia, 28: 311-323. - (1918): A Generic assignment of Three North American Species of Dermaptera. - Ent. News, Philadelphia, 29: 5-6. - (1918): A correction concerning Labia annulata and Labia dorsalis (Dermaptera). - Ent. News, Philadelphia 29: 66. - (1919): Studies in the Dermaptera and Orthoptera of Colombia. I. - Trans. Am. ent. Soc., 45: 89-97. - (1920): American Dermaptera of the Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris. - Proc. Acad, nat. Sci. Philad., 72: 337-353. - (1920): Expedition of the California Academy of Sciences to the Galapagos Islands, 1905-1906. XVII. Dermaptera. - Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., (4) 2: 311-346. - (1921): Studies in the Dermaptera and Orthoptera of Colombia. II. - Trans. Am. ent. Soc., 47: 107-110. - (1921): The janeirensis group of the genus Euborellia, with the description of the new species (Dermaptera). - Trans. Am. ent. Soc., 47: 319 - 324.

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REHN, J . A . G . & HEBARD, M .

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A. G . & HEBARD, M . ( 1 9 1 2 ) : On the Orthoptera found on the Florida keys and in extreme southern Florida. - Proc. Acad. nat. Sei. Philad., 64: 2 3 5 - 2 7 6 . - (1914): United States and Mexico records of species of the genus Doru (Dermaptera, Forficulidae). - J . N.Y. ent. Soc., 22: 89-96. - (1917): Studies in West Indian Earwigs (Dermaptera). - Bull. Amer. Mus., 37: 635-651. REHN, J.W. (1949): Catalogue of the Dermaptera of Venezuela. - Bol. ent. Venez., Maracay, 8 : 1 - 9 . REICHARDT, H. (1968): Catalogue of New World Dermaptera (Insecta). P a r t i . Introduction and Pygidicranoidea. - Pap. Avulsos zool. S. Paulo, 21 (19): 183-193. - (1968): Catalogue of New World Dermaptera (Insecta). Part II. Labioides, Carcinophoridae. Pap. Avulsos zool. S. Paulo, 22 (5): 35-46. - (1970): Catalogue of New World Dermaptera (Insecta). Part III. Labioidea, Labiidae. - Pap. Avulsos zool. S. Paulo, 23 (10): 83-109. - (1971): Catalogue of New World Dermaptera (Insecta). Part IV. Forficulidae. - Pap. Avulsos zool. S. Paulo, 24 (12): 161-184. - (1971): Catalogue of New World Dermaptera (Insecta). Part V. Additions, Corrections, Bibliography and Index. - Pap. Avulsos zool. S. Paulo, 24 (18): 221-257. REMY, P. (1921): Orthoptères des Vosges Méridionales. - Annls Soc. Linn. Lyon, 69: 67-72. RIBEIRO, P. DE M I R A N D A (1931): Os Dermapteros do Museu Nacional. - Bol. Mus. nac. Rio de Janeiro, 7: 289-294. - (1936): Dermapteros do Museu Nacional. - Bol. Mus. nac. Rio de Janeiro, 12: 73-76. - (1937): Dermapteros do nordeste brasilerio. - O Campo, S. Paulo, 1937 (3): 36-37. REHN, J.

SAHA, S . K . see

-

SRIVASTAVA, G . K . & SAHA, S . K .

(1970): Dermapterorum Catalogus Praeliminaris. I. Labiduridae and Carcinophoridae. Daito Bunka Univ., Tokyo, 49 pp and 91 pp. (1970): Dermapterorum Catalogus Praeliminaris. II. Labiidae. - Daito Bunka Univ., Tokyo, 177 pp. (1971): Dermapterorum Catalogus Praeliminaris. III. - Pygidicranidae. - Daito Bunka Univ., Tokyo, 68 pp. (1971): A quantitative approach to problem of distribution of Dermaptera. - Daito Bunka Univ., Tokyo, 206 pp. (1971): Dermapterorum Catalogus Praeliminaris. IV. Karschiellidae. - Daito Bunka Univ., Tokyo, 14 pp.

SAKAI, S .

697 - (1971): Dermapterorum Catalogus Praeliminaris. V. Diplatyidae. - Daito Bunka Univ., Tokyo, 161pp. - (1971): Dermapterorum Catalogus Praeliminaris. VI. Chelisochidae. - Daito Bunka Univ., Tokyo, 265 pp. - (1973): Dermapterorum Catalogus Praeliminaris. VII. Forficulidae. - Daito Bunka Univ., Tokyo, 357 pp. - (1982): A new proposed classification of the Dermaptera with special reference to the check-list of the Dermaptera of the World. - Bull. Daito Bunka Univ., Tokyo, 20: 1 - 1 0 8 . - (1985): Dermapterorum Catalogus X V I - X V I I I : Iconographia: I—III. - Daito Bunka Univ., Tokyo, 1088 pp. SCUDDER, S.H. (1862): Materials for a monograph of the North American Orthoptera, including a catalogue of the known New England species. - Boston J. nat. Hist., 7: 409-480. - (1869): Notes on the Orthoptera collected by Prof. James Orton on either side of the Andes of Equatorial South America. - Proc. Boston Soc. nat. Hist., 12: 330-345. - (1875): Notes on the Orthoptera from Northern Peru, collected by Professor James Orton. - Proc. Boston Soc. nat. Hist., 17: 257-282. - (1876): A Century of Orthoptera. Decade V. Forficulariae (North America). - Proc. Boston Soc. nat. Hist., 18: 251-257. - (1876): A Century of Orthoptera. Decade VI. Forficulariae (North America). - Proc. Boston Soc. nat. Hist., 18: 257-264. - (1876): Description of three species of Labia from the Southern United States. - Proc. Boston Soc. nat. Hist., 18: 265-268. - (1876): Critical and Historical Notes on Forficulariae, including Descriptions of new Generic forms, and an Alphabetical Synonymic List of the Described Species. - Proc. Boston Soc. nat. Hist., 18: 287-332. - (1893): The Orthoptera of the Galapagos Islands. - Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard, 25: 1 - 2 5 . - (1900): A list of the Orthoptera of New England. - Psyche, Cambridge, Mass., 9: 99-106. SEMENOV-TIAN-SHANSKY, A. (1908): Dermatoptera nova aut minus cognita. - Ent. Obozr., Moscow, 1908: 1-15. SERVILLE, J. G. A. (1831): Revue Méthodique des insectes de l'ordre des Orthoptères. - Annls Sei. nat., 22: 28-65. - (1839): Histoire Naturelle des Insectes Orthoptères. - Hist. nat. Ins., Orth., Paris, 776 pp. SHIRAKI, T. (1905): Neue Forficulides Japans. - Trans. Sapporo nat. Hist. Soc.,1: 91-97. - (1907): Neue Blattiden und Forficuliden Japans. - Trans. Sapporo nat. Hist. Soc.,2: 103-107. - (1928): Dermapteren aus dem Kaiserreich Japan. - Insecta Matsum, 3 (1): 1 - 2 5 . SHIRAKI, T. see MATSUMURA, S. & SHIRAKI, T.

SINGH, S. (1955): Entomological Survey of the Himalayas. Part VII. On a collection of Dermaptera. Agra Univ. J. Res. (Soc.), 4 (1): 179-186. SINGH, S. see BAIJAL, H . N . & SINGH, S.

SJÖSTEDT, Y. (1933): Orthopterentypen im Naturhistorischen Reichsmuseum zu Stockholm. - Ark. Zool., Uppsala, 25A (14): 1 - 5 . SRIVASTAVA, G . K . (1969): On a new Genus of Dermaptera from India. - Entomologist's Ree., L o n d o n , 81: 2 4 6 - 2 4 8 .

- (1969): On two new species of Dermaptera from India. - Eos, Madrid, 44: 425-431. - (1969): On a New Species of the Genus Hamaxas Burr, 1907 (Dermaptera, Chelisochidae) from India. - Zool. Anz., Leipzig, 182: 136-139. - (1969): On a new species of Dermaptera from India. - Entomologist's Ree., London, 81: 205-208. - (1970): On a new species of the Genus Epilabis Burr, 1915 (Dermaptera) from India. - Ceylon J. Sei. (Bio. Sei.), Colombo, 8 (2): 4 6 - 4 8 . - (1970): Notes on a Collection of Dermaptera from India. - Eos, Madrid, 45: 319-333. - (1971): Notes on the Indian Species of the Genus Paralabis Burr (Dermaptera, Carcinophoridae). Entomologist's Ree., London, 83: 18-23. - (1972): Notes on a collection of Dermaptera from N.E. F.A. India. - Ree. zool. Surv. India, 66 (1-4): 129-142. - (1974): On a new species of the Genus Diplatys Serville, 1831 (Dermaptera, Diplatyidae) from India. - Ceylon J. Sei. (Bio. Sei.), Colombo, 11 (1): 9 - 1 1 .

698 - (1974): Notes on the genus Aborolabis Srivastava (Ins. Dermaptera, Carcinophoridae) with description of a new species. - J. zool Soc. India, 26 (1-2): 57-61. - (1975): Notes on the Indian species of the genus Irdex Burr (Dermaptera, Labiidae). - Dr. B.S. Chauhan Comm., 267-278. - (1975): On a new species of Dermaptera from Ceylon. - Eos, Madrid, 49: 281-284. SRIVASTAVA, G. K. & SAHA, S . K. (1975): Notes on a Collection of Dermaptera from Darjeeling Distr. (India) with the Description of a New Species. - Ceylon J. Sei. (Bio. Sei.), Colombo, 11 (2): 59-69. SRIVASTAVA, G . K . (1975): On a New Species of the Genus Cranopygia Burr (Dermaptera) from India. - Entomologist's Ree., London, 87: 121-122. - (1975): Notes on a collection of Dermaptera (Insecta) from Manipur (India) with the description of two new species. - J. zool. Soc. India, 27 (1-2): 101-111. - (1976): Catalogue on Oriental Dermaptera. - Misc. Publ. Occ., Calcutta, 2: 1 - 9 4 . - (1976): Studies on the Dermaptera of the Philippines. - Pacific Insects, Honolulu, 17 (1): 99-138. - (1977): Indian species of Euborellia and Liparura (Dermaptera) with description of six new species. - Oriental Insects, New Delhi, 11 (2): 181-194. - (1977): On two new species of Dermaptera from India. - Dtsch. ent. Z., Berlin, 24: 289-292. - (1977): Notes on the Genus Homotages Burr (Dermaptera, Labiidae) with the description of a New Species from India. - Ceylon J. Sei., (Biol. Sei.), Colombo, 12 (2): 109-114. - (1978): Studies on the Dermaptera of Philippines. - Eos, Madrid, 52: 255-307. - (1978): A new Indian Allodahlia Verhoeff (Dermaptera, Forficulidae). - Entomologist's month. Mag., London, 114: 231-233. - (1978): On a new species of the genus Irdex Burr (Dermaptera, Labiidae) from New Guinea. - Ann. Mus. civ. Stor. nat. Genova, 82: 136-140. - (1978): On a new species of the genus Isolabis Verhoeff (Dermaptera, Vrachylabinae) from Burma with a key to oriental species. - Ann. Mus. civ. Stor. nat. Genova, 82: 323-328. - (1978): On a New Genus and Three Species of Dermaptera from India with notes on Epilabis Burr. - Bull. zool. Surv. India, 1 (1): 71-76. - (1979): On two new species of genus Paradohrnia Shiraki (Dermaptera, Eudohrniinae) from India. - Ceylon J. Sei., (Biol. Sei.), Colombo, 13 (1-2): 23-27. - (1979): Intraspecific diversity in Dermaptera. - Proc. Symp. zool. Surv. India, 1: 53-70. - (1979): A new species of Cranopygia (Dermaptera, Pygidicranidae) from India. - Entomologist's month. Mag., London, 115: 73-76. - (1979): On a new species of genus Euborellia Burr (Dermaptera, Carcinophoridae) from Philippines. - Bull. zool. Surv. India, 2 (1): 49-51. - (1979): On a new species of the genus Labia Leach (Dermaptera, Labiidae) from Borneo. Doriana, 5 (233): 1 - 6 . - (1981): Notes on the genus Platylabia D o h m (Carcinophoridae, Platylabiinae) with the description of two new species from India. - Bull. zool. Surv. India, 4 (1): 103-109. - (1981): On a new species of the genus Nannisolabis Burr (Ins. Dermaptera) from Burma with a key to Oriental species. - Bull. zool. Surv. India, 4 (2): 147-150. - (1981): Notes on Bormans syntypes of some species of Dermaptera (Insecta). - Ann. Mus. civ. Stor. nat. Genova, 83: 287-306. - (1982): Notes of some Dermaptera in the collections of Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique. - Bull. Inst. r. Sei. nat. Belg., Brussels, 65 (11): 1 - 9 . - (1982): On a new species of the genus Chaetospania Karsch (Dermaptera, Labiidae) with a key to species from the Indian subregion. - Ree. zool. Surv. India, 79: 475-481. - (1982): On some Dermaptera from North West Province and Salt Ranges, Pakistan. - Ree. zool. Surv. India, 79: 463-468. - (1982): Studies on some Bormans material of Dermaptera (Ins.) - Ann. Mus. civ. Stor. nat. Genova, 84: 97-107. - (1982): Notes on a collection of Dermaptera (Ins.) present in the Natural History Museum, Basel. Entomologica Basil., 7: 61 - 7 6 . - (1983): Notes on some Borellis Types of Dermaptera (Ins.). - Boll. Mus. reg. Sei. nat., Torino, 1 (2): 227-242. - (1983): On a new species of the genus Irdex Burr (Dermaptera, Labiidae) from Sri Lanka. - J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc., 79 (3): 638-641.

699 - (1983): Records of some Dermaptera (Ins.) from North Eastern India. - Rev. zool. Surv. India, 81: 281-288.

- (1983): On the high altitude Dermaptera of India. - Proc. Wkshp. High Alt. Ent. & Wildl. Ecol. zool. Surv. India: 103-135. - (1983): Notes on Dubrony's ( = Bormans) some material of Dermaptera. - Ann. Mus. civ. Stor. nat. Genova, 84: 373-392. - (1983): Studies on some Dermaptera present in the American Museum of Natural History, New York. - Ree. zool. Surv. India, 80: 495-505. - (1983): Notes on some Dermaptera (Ins.) with the description of a new species from India. Entomologica Basil., 8: 39-42. - (1984): On a new genus of Dermaptera (Ins.) with notes on Pterygida Verhoeff. - Bull. zool. Surv. India, 5 (2-3): 159-164. - (1984): Notes on some Dermaptera present in „Zoologisk Museum, Copenhagen". - Bull. zool. Surv. India, 5 (2-3): 7-17. - (1984): Notes on some Dermaptera present in the „Institut für Pflanzenschutzforschung Kleinmachnow, Eberswalde-Finow, DDR". - Bull. zool. Surv. India, 5 (2-3): 103-108. STÀL, C. (1855): Entomologiska Notiser. Forficulariae fran Cafferlandet. - O e f v . kongl. Vet. Acak. F o e r h . , 12: 3 3 5 - 3 4 7 .

- (1860): Orthoptera. - Fr. Eugenies Resa, Stockholm: 299-307. STEINMANN, H. (1973): A Zoogeographical Checklist of World Dermaptera. - Folia ent. hung., Budapest, 26: 145-154. - (1973): A Study for the Higher Taxa of the Pygidicranidae (Dermaptera). - Folia ent. hung., Budapest, 26: 385-400. - (1974): A new generic classification of the species group of Diplatys Serville (Dermaptera, Pygidicranidae). - Acta zool. hung., Budapest, 20: 187-205. - (1974): Borszàrnyuak - Dermaptera, in: Fauna Hung., Budapest, 118: 1-44. - (1974): Vandex fantasticus sp.n. (Dermaptera, Labiidae) from Ghana. - Acta zool. hung., Budapest, 20: 425-428. - (1974): Blandex africanus sp.n. from South Africa (Dermaptera, Pygidicranidae). - Annls hist.-nat. Mus. nation, hung., Budapest, 66: 149-150. - (1974): A Revision of the Dermaptera in the „A. Koenig" Museum, Bonn. - Folia ent. hung., Budapest 27: 187-204. - (1975): Suprageneric classification of Dermaptera. - Acta zool. hung., Budapest, 21: 195-220. - (1975): A survey of the neotropical Vostox Burr species (Dermaptera, Labiidae). - Acta zool. hung., Budapest, 21: 435-445. - (1975): Brindleiana atlas gen. et sp.n. from SE Asia and Taxonomical Notes on Allodahlinae (Dermaptera, Forficulidae). - Annls hist.-nat. Mus. nation, hung., Budapest, 67: 71-76. - (1975): Notes on the Leningrad types of Dermaptera described by Semenov and Bey-Bienko. Folia ent. hung., Budapest, 28: 147-175. - (1975): A Checklist of the Dermaptera of „Muzeul de Istorie Naturala Gr. Antipa" Bucuresti. Trav. Mus. hist. nat. Gr. Antipa, Bukarest, 16: 135-138. - (1975): The Dermaptera of the Moravské Museum, Brno (CSFR). Acta Mus. Morav., Brno, 60: 157-160. - (1976): A Study for the Higher Taxa of the Labiidae (Dermaptera). - Zool. Anz., Leipzig, 197: 401-418. - (1977): A survey of palaearctic Anechurinae (Dermaptera, Forficulidae). - Acta zool. hung., Budapest, 23: 199-212. - (1977): Apachyus baloghi sp.n. (Dermaptera, Apachyidae) from Brazzaville-Congo. - Opusc. zool., Budapest, 13: 79-82. - (1977): A Study on the Higher Taxa of Carcinophoridae (Dermaptera). - Annls hist.-nat. Mus. nation, hung., Budapest, 69: 89-99. - (1977): A new Diaperasticus Burr species from Sudan (Dermaptera, Forficulidae). - Acta zool. hung., Budapest, 23: 415-420. - (1978): Dermaptera from Tunisia with a checklist of the North-African species. - Folia ent. hung., Budapest, 31: 181-187. - (1978): A revision of the African Gonolabis Burr, 1910 species (Dermaptera, Carcinophoridae). Folia ent. hung., Budapest, 31: 189-197.

700 - (1978): A Study of the Higher Taxa of the Labiduridae (Dermaptera). - Acta zool. hung., Budapest, 24: 205-209. - (1978): Zoogeographical Dispersity of Carcinophoridae (Dermaptera). - Dt. ent. Z., Berlin, 25: 173-189. - (1978): A revision of the genus Ctenisolabis VerhoefT, 1902 (Dermaptera, Carcinophoridae). Folia ent. hung., Budapest, 31: 227-231. - (1979): A Revision of the Indo-Australian Species of the Genus Anisolabis Fieber, 1853 (Dermaptera, Carcinophoridae). - Reichenbachia, Dresden, 17: 57-69. - (1979): A revision of the genus Aborolabis Srivastava, 1969 (Dermaptera, Carcinophoridae). Eos, Madrid, 53: 213-222. - (1979): The Dermaptera in the PAN Zoologiczny Instytut, Warszawa. - Folia ent. hung., Budapest, 32: 149-175. - (1979): A systematic survey of the species belonging in the genus Labidura Leach, 1815 (Dermaptera). - Acta zool. hung., Budapest, 25: 415-423. - (1979): A new species of earwig (Dermaptera, Labiidae) from Venezuela. - Entomologist's month. Mag., London, 115: 9 - 1 0 . - (1979): A Survey of the Zoogeography of Labiidae (Dermaptera). - Dt. ent. Z., Berlin, 26: 275-298. - (1980): A revision of the species belonging in Forcipula Bolivar, 1897 ( Dermaptera, Labiduridae). - Acta zool. hung., Budapest, 26: 229-252. - (1980): On some Dermaptera preserved in the Zoological Museum of the University of Florence. Redia, Firenze, 62: 193-204. - (1980): Type examination of Dermaptera species deposited in the „Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Histoire" at Leiden. - Folia ent. hung., Budapest, 41 (33): 333-345. - (1981): A study of the circumtropical Dermaptera material in the „Instituut voor Taxonomische Zoologie", Amsterdam. - Acta zool. hung., Budapest, 27: 187-210. - (1981): The Dermaptera of the Universitetets Zoologiske Museum, Kobenhavn. - Folia ent. hung., Budapest, 34: 173-192. - (1981): A revision of the Indo-Australian Gonolabis Burr, 1900 species (Dermaptera, Carcinophoridae). - Folia ent. hung., Budapest, 34: 187-195. - (1981): The Dermaptera of the Museo Civico do Storia Naturale di Milano with description of Forcipula leonardi n.sp. - Atti Soc. ital. Sci. nat. Museo civ. Stor. nat. Milano, 122: 157-170. - (1981): The Survey of the Dermaptera Material in the Staatliches Museum für Tierkunde, Dresden. Parti. Catadermaptera. - Reichenbachia, Dresden, 19: 133-142. - (1982): Synopsis of Dermaptera of the World. P a r t i : Family Pygidicranidae (I.). - Ent. Abh., Dresden, 45: 195-211. - (1982): A survey of the neotropical Prosparatta Burr species (Dermaptera, Labiidae). - Acta zool. hung., Budapest, 28: 139-141. - (1982): A revision of the genus Ancistrogaster Stài, 1855 (Dermaptera, Forficulidae). - Annls hist.-nat. Mus. natn. hung., Budapest, 74: 75-84. - (1982): Revision of the genus Timomenus Burr, 1907 (Dermaptera, Forficulidae). - Acta zool. hung., Budapest, 28: 361-378. - (1982): Synopsis of Dermaptera of the World. Part 2: Family Pygidicranidae (II.). - Ent. Abh., Dresden, 47: 51-64. - (1983): Synopsis of Dermaptera of the World. Part 3: Family Pygidicranidae (III.). - Ent. Abh., Dresden, 47: 51-64. - (1983): The Survey of the Dermaptera Material in the Staatliches Museum für Tierkunde, Dresden. P a r t i i . Eudermaptera. - Reichenbachia, Dresden, 21: 4 5 - 5 9 . - (1983): On Indian and Nepalese Dermaptera from the Muséum d'Histoire naturelle at Geneva. Revue suisse Zool., Genève, 90: 543-558. - (1983): A study of the higher taxa of Chelisochidae (Dermaptera). - Annls hist.-nat. Mus. nation, hung., Budapest, 75: 139-144. - (1983): A contribution to the fauna of earwigs (Dermaptera) of Vietnam. - Zool. Zh., Moscow, 62: 1745-1748. - (1984): Synopsis of Dermaptera of the World. Part 4: Family Carcinophoridae (I.). - Ent. Abh., Dresden, 48: 63-82.

701 - (1984): The Dermaptera material in the Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Verona (Italy). - Acta zoo!, hung., Budapest, 30: 189-204. - (1984): A revision of the genus Spongiphora Serville, 1831 (Dermaptera, Labiidae). - Annls hist.-nat. Mus. nation, hung., Budapest, 76: 101-107. - (1984): A revision of the Indo-Australian species of the genus Auchenomus Karsch, 1886 (Dermaptera, Labiidae). - Acta zool. hung., Budapest, 30: 511-522. - (1985): A revision of the genus Irdex Burr, 1911 (Dermaptera, Labiidae). - Acta zool. hung., Budapest, 31: 245-266. - (1985): Paraspania, a new genus in the subfamily Labiinae (Dermaptera, Labiidae). - Intern. Quart, ent. Izmir, 1 (1): 13-18. - (1985): New Carcinophoridae and Labiduridae from circumtropical region (Dermaptera). Intern. Quart, ent. Izmir, 1 (1): 19-26. - (1985): Some new Spongovostox Burr, 1911 and Marava Burr, 1911 taxa (Dermaptera, Labiidae). - Acta zool. hung., Budapest, 31: 381-396. - (1985): Dermaptera, in: Insects of Southern Africa, Durban: 65-69. - (1985): The Dermaptera material in the Zoological Institute and Museum, Yerevan. - Folia ent. hung., Budapest, 46 (1): 165-170. - (1985): A revision of the genus Chaetolabia Brindle, 1972 (Dermaptera, Labiidae). - Annls hist.-nat. Mus. nation, hung., Budapest, 77: 121-126. - (1985): Canarilabis gen.n. for Forficula maxima Brullé, 1838 ( Dermaptera, Carcinophoridae). Folia ent. hung., Budapest, 46 (1): 171-173. - (1986): Dermaptera, Partì: Catadermaptera (I.): Pygidicranidae. - Das Tierreich, Berlin, 102: 1-336. - (1986): A new generic classification for the Diplatys species-groups (Dermaptera, Pygidicranidae). - Acta zool. hung., Budapest, 32: 169-180. - (1986): A survey of Neotropical Strongylopsalinae (Dermaptera, Labiidae). - Acta zool. hung., Budapest, 32: 361-376. - (1986): Isolabis frater sp.n. (Dermaptera: Carcinophoridae) from Venezuela. - Anni, hist.-nat. Mus. natn. hung ., Budapest, 78: 71-72. - (1987): A new reclassification of the family Chelisochidae (Dermaptera). - Anni, hist.-nat. Mus. natn.hung., Budapest, 79: 113-118. - (1987): Two new genera and species for the subfamily Labiinae (Dermaptera: Labiidae). - Acta zool. hung., Budapest, 33: 177-186. - (1987): Dermaptera of Venezuela, in: Fauna hipogea y hemiedàfica de Venezuela y de otros paises de América del Sur, 1: 165-172. - (1988): Some new Dermaptera taxa from West Irian (New Guinea). - Acta zool.hung., Budapest, 34: 295-303. - (1988): Seven new Chaetospania Karsch species from the Old World (Dermaptera: Labiidae). Acta zool. hung., Budapest, 34: 409-418. - (1988): A revision of the Oriental Forficula Linnaeus, 1758 species (Dermaptera: Forficulidae). Acta zool. hung., Budapest, 34: 1 -26. - (1988): A revision of the genus Acanthocordax Günther, 1929 (Dermaptera: Forficulidae). - Anni, hist.-nat. Mus natn. hung., Budapest, 80: 51-56. - (1988): Dermaptera, Part II. Catadermaptera (II.), Carcinophoridae, Labiduridae, and Apachyidae. - Das Tierreich, Berlin, 105: 1-504. - (1989): Dermaptera, Part III. Eudermaptera (I.), Labiidae. - Das Tierreich, Berlin, 106: 1-550. - (1989): A revision of the genus Cosmiella Verhoeflf, 1902 (Dermaptera: Forficulidae). - Acta zool. hung., Budapest, 35: 143-164. - (1989): World Catalogue of Dermaptera. - Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest & Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Boston, London, p. 1 -934. - (1990): A revision of the genus Anechura Scudder, 1876 (Dermaptera: Forficulidae). - Acta zool. hung., Budapest, 36: 135-156. STSHERBAKOV, T. S. (1912): Dermaptères de la collection de V. Motschulsky. - Ent. Obozr., Moscow, 12 (2): 349-355. TAGLIANTI, V.A. (1968): Studi sui Dermatteri. - Mem. Mus. civ. Stor. nat. Verona, 16: 31-38. - (1974): Studi sui Dermatteri. 2. Una nuova Forficula del Medio Oriente. - Fragm. ent., 10 (1): 53-60.

702 TILLYARD, R.J. (1926): Dermaptera, in: Insects of Australia and New Zealand: 107-112. TING, P.C. (1951): An African earwig in California (Dermaptera, Labiduridae). - Bull. Dep. Agr. CALIF., 15 (1): 1 - 6 .

TOWNES, H.K. (1945): a list of the generic and subgeneric names of Dermaptera, with their gonotypes. - Annls Ent. soc. Amer., Columbus, 38: 343-356. USINGER, R . L . see LINSLEY, E. G . & USINGER, R . L.

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Index abbottabadiensis, Forfícula 661 abdominalis, Proreus 117 abrutiana, Forfícula 626 Acanthocordax 336 acanthopygia, Chelidura 421 aceris, Forfícula 601 aculeatum, Doru 532 Adiathella 58 Adiathetus 16 adolfi, Cosmiella 205 aeris, Timomenus 302 aesculapius, Timomenus 306 aetolica, Forfícula 613 africana, Forfícula 362 africanus, Osteulcus 126 africanus, Syntonus 250 Afrocosmia 232 Afroforficula 542 ahrimanes, Allodahlia 375 albertisii, Forfícula 677 albipennis, Forfícula 539 albipes, Doru 521 albomarginata, Forfícula 74 alfari, Praos 136 Allodahlia 371 Allodahlinae 365 alpina, Forfícula 419 amazonensis, Kleter 228 ambesa, Paracosmia 130 ambigua, Forfícula 651 americanus, Kleter 229 analis, Eulithinus 367 Ancistrogaster 146 Ancistrogastrinae 124 ancylura, Allodahlia 379 Anechura 454 Anechurella 502 Anechurinae 387

angolensis, Proforficula 551 annadalei, Pterygida 403 annulatus, Chelisoches 88 anomalia, Sarcinatrix 143 anthracina, Chelidura 475 apennina, Forfícula 609 apfelbecki, Chelidura 413 aptera, Chelidura 417 aptera, Cosmiella 192 Apterygida 539 archiboldi, Paratimomenus 316 Archidux 186 ares, Timomenus 301 armatus, Cordax 347 arthritica, Ancistrogaster 158 artificiosa, Cosmiella 208 asiatica, Anechura 475 asiatica BORMANS, Neolobophora 183 asiatica BURR, Neolobophora 174 asiatica, Obelura 182 ater, Chelisoches 83 aterrimus, Kleter 227 athymia, Apterygida 462 atlas, Brindleiana 370 atrata, Neocosmiella 171 auricularia, Forfícula 603 australicus, Chelisoches 82 baetica, Forfícula 627 baijali, Forfícula 653 bandamanensis, Guanchia 572 barroisi, Forfícula 599 beccami, Eparchus 336 beebei, Forfícula 635 beelzebub, Forfícula 601 bequaeri, Forfícula 563 berezovskyi, Forfícula 647 beybienkoi, Doru 528

704 bhatnagari, Forfícula 651 bhutanensis, Forfícula 663 biaculeata, Tristanella 484 bicarinata, Guanchia 587 bicolor, Cosmiella 209 bicolor, Neolobophora 492 bicostatus, Timomenus 291 bicuspis, Timomenus 286 bidentatus, Hamaxas 35 bifurcatus, Cordax 345 biguttata, Forfícula 475 bilobata, Cosmiella 207 bimaculata, Forfícula 521 bimmamatus, Chelisoches 69 biolleyi, Praos 137 biolleyi, Skalistes 508 bipartitus, Elaunon 536 biplaga, Forfícula 655 bipunctata, Anechura 475 biratnagarensis, Proreus 122 birmanum, Solenosoma 91 biroi, Eparchus 334 bispina, Allodahlia 380 bituberculata, Guanchia 560 boesemani, Euenkrates 51 boesemani, Kleter 225 bogotensis BORMANS, Neolobophora 140 bogotensis SCUDDER, Neolobophora 490 bolivari, Chelidura 419 bonchampsi, Diaperasticus 357 borealis, Forfícula 603 borellii, Forfícula 605 borellii, Kleter 230 borellii, Metresura 496 borellii, Mixocosmia 222 bosei, Pterygida 407 Brachycosmiella 164 brachynota, Forfícula 373 brahma, Paratimomenus 313 brasiliensis, Cosmiella 188 brevipennis, Schizochelisoches 69 brevitarsis, Guanchia 564 brignolii, Guanchia 581 Brindleiana 370 brolemanni, Forfícula 607 brongersmai, Afroforficula 546 brunnea, Afrocosmia 233 burgersi, Forfícula 676 burgursi, Pterygida 406 burri, Ancistrogaster 163

burri, Eparchus 328 burriana, Forfícula 631 Burriola 409 cacaoensis, Skalistes 507 cagnii, Apterygida 362 calciatii, Oreasiobia 449 californica, Forfícula 530 calmar, Forfícula 664 calopteryx, Chelisoches 87 canariensis, Guanchia 566 cantralli, Parasondax 247 capeneri, Afroforficula 545 capensis, Forfícula 677 carpathica, Chelidura 416 carrikeri, Mixocosmia 218 caucasica, Forfícula 603 cavallii, Forfícula 597 cavernicola, Mixocosmia 217 cebrarae, Guanchia 570 celeris, Forfícula 601 centurio, Opisthocosmia 264 cervipyga, Opisthocosmia 263 ceylonicus, Cordax 351 Chaetocosmia 354 Chamaipites 501 championi, Ancistrogaster 149 chatterjeei, Proreus 122 cheesmanae, Chelisoches 89 Chelidura 409 Chelidurella 409 Chelisochella 5 Chelisochellinae 4 Chelisoches 72 Chelisochidae 1 Chelisochinae 15 chelmosensis, Chelidura 415 cherapunjiae, Forfícula 636 chinensis, Exypnus 64 chinensis, Oreasiobia 448 chirurga, Guanchia 588 chopardi, Anechura 605 chopardi, Chelisoches 77 chopardi, Forfícula 596 cicero, Forfícula 665 cincinnatoi, Doru 533 cincticornis, Lobophora 74 Cipex 241 circinata, Guanchia 578 circulata, Neopterygida 390

705 claviger, Pterygida 409 coalescens, Proreus 102 coloniae, Forfícula 595 coloratus, Proreus 122 columbiana, Skalistes 511 comprimens, Chelisoches 74 Cordax 344 coriacea coriacea, Allodahlia 381 coriacea signata, Allodahlia 381 cornuta, Cosmiella 196 cornuta, Pterygida 401 cornuta, Skalistes 506 corporaali, Proreus 108 Cosmicula 186 Cosmiella 186 Cosmiellinae 163 Cosmiola 238 crassa, Guanchia 558 crassus, Hamaxas 45 crinitata, Anechura 474 cristata, Forfícula 652 cruentatus, Eparchus 325 cunctator, Proreus 118 curiosus, Praos 139 curta, Forfícula 539 dovisi, Doru 532 davisi, Forfícula 643 decipiens, Forfícula 614 decui, Cosmiella 189 delicatula, Gressitolabis 56 delicatulus, Schizoproreus 97 dentata, Forfícula 603 dentata, Liparura 177 dentatus, Schizoproreus 98 denticulata, Afrocosmia 234 devians, Kleter 231 Diaperasticinae 355 Diaperasticus 355 dichroa, Forfícula 535 diminuta, Chelidura 624 dineshi, Allodahlia 377 Dinex 223 diodontus, Schizochelisoches 71 discolor, Hypurgus 280 distendens, Guanchia 585 diversa, Paracosmiella 167 dohertyi, Hamaxas 47 dohrni, Doru 520 doriae, Chelisochella 7

dorsalis, Acanthocordax 338 Doru 517 doumerci, Forfícula 677 dravidius, Adiathetus 18 dubia, Cosmiella 195 dubia, Opisthocosmia 202 dufourii, Forfícula 440 dugesi, Paracosmia 132 duroides, Proreus 115 dux, Eparchus 335 edentulus, Perirrhytus 435 Elaunon 536 elegans, Euenkrates 52 elongata, Forfícula 618 elongatus, Cipex 243 elongatus, Paratimomenus 318 Emboros 186 Emiforficula 589 Enkrates 48 ensifer, Parasyntonus 248 eoa, Anechura 462 Eparchus 320 eridana, Cosmiella 204 Erotesis 99 errois, Opisthocosmia 324 erythrocephalus, Diaperasticus 362 esakii, Hamaxas 36 escherichi, Forfícula 600 Eudohrnia 479 Eudohrninae 478 Euenkrates 48 Eulithinus 367 Eumegalura 433 eurypyga, Pterygida 399 Eutimomena 256 euxina, Chelidura 423 excelsior, Spinosocordax 353 exilis, Forfícula 530 exornata, Cosmiella 198 externa, Forfícula 641 Exypnus 63 fabricii, Forfícula 475 falcifera, Ancistrogaster 151 fasciata, Forfícula 677 feae, Hamaxas 33 fedtschenkoi, Oreasiobia 447 femorata, Apterygida 310 fernandezi, Guanchia 569

706 ferraría, Pterygida 395 festae, Ancistrogaster 150 filchneri, Anechura 467 filiformis, Lipodes 237 fistula, Forfícula 606 flavalis, Forfícula 669 flavicapitatus, Paratimomenus 312 flaviceps, Metresura 499 flavicornis, Cosmiella 199 flavipennis, Chelisoches 78 flavipes, Metresura 500 fletcheri, Hamaxas 47 flexuosa, Forfícula 677 fontana, Forfícula 642 Forcepsia 168 forcipata, Forfícula 603 forcipatus, Eparchus 324 Forfícula 589 Forficulidae 122 forficuliformis, Anechura 459 Forficulinae 500 formosanus, Labidurodes 112 formosanus, Schizochelisoches 68 formosus, Cordax 346 freyi, Forfícula 539 fulvus, Hypurgus 281 fuscipennis, Proreus 119 fuscus, Hamaxas 43

guptae, Allodahlia 376 gurneyi, Gressitolabis 57 gurneyi, Setocordax 487

gangoli, Elaunon 538 gardneri, Forfícula 651 geijskesi, Neoopisthocosmia 266 Genitalata 2 Genitalatinae 2 genitalia, Forfícula 668 glaucopterus, Adiathetus 21 globalis, Ancistrogaster 147 globalis, Anechura 464 globus, Eparchus 323 goliath, Cordax 349 gomerensis, Guanchia 576 gracilis, Doru 535 gracilis, Pterygida 398 grata, Hypurgus 279 gravelyi, Forfícula 677 greeni, Forfícula 658 Gressitolabis 55 guancharia, Guanchia 568 Guanchia 554 gulosa, Paracosmia 135

iberica, Forfícula 616 imitaíor, Chelisoches 74 impennis, Paracosmia 135 imprevista, Forfícula 608 inca, Neolobophora 489 incisa, Adiathella 60 incognitus, Paratimomenus 317 indiae, Forfícula 659 inermis, Eparchus 332 inermis, Proreus 105 inermis, Thalperus 274 inermis, Timomenus 288 inermis, Tristanella 485 infumata, Forfícula 603 inopinata, Skalistes 504 insignis, Eparchus 321 insolita, Metresura 495 insularis, Sphingolabis 74 intermedia, Cosmiella 213 intermedia, Pterygida 393 intermedius, Praos 142

haddeni, Timomenus 299 Hamaxas 27 handlirschi, Neolobophora 491 handschini, Chelisoches 86 harberei, Forfícula 660 harmandi, Anechura 459 harpya, Pterygida 396 hellmanni, Forfícula 618 hemixanthocara, Mesasiobia 445 hercules, Chelisoches 17 hermes, Chamaipites 501 himalayana, Anechura 453 Himanechura 446 hincksi, Guanchia 582 hinnulea, Forfícula 670 hiromasai, Forfícula 617 hirsuta, Forfícula 158 hispanicus, Eulithinus 369 horsfíeldi, Proreus 122 huegeli, Forfícula 384 humeralis, Hypurgus 282 hydra, Cosmiella 197 Hypocosmiella 184 Hypurgus 271

707 interrogans, Forfícula 662 iteratus, Timomenus 298 jackerensis, Forfícula 362 jacobsoni, Timomenus 287 jagori, Pterygida 404 japónica, Anechura 462 javana, Cosmiella 191 jayarami, Forfícula 657 josephi, Timomenus 289 julkai, Allodahlia 385 kaffir, Afroforficula 543 kambaitensis, Forfícula 638 kamengensis, Liparura 178 kashmirensis, Forfícula 637 kaznakovi, Guanchia 577 kempi, Hamaxas 31 kervillei, Lamprophorella 26 kervillei, Osteulcus 127 kimberleyensis, Chelisoches 84 Kinesis 9 kinfomontis, Forfícula 677 Kleiduchus 72 Kleter 223 komarovi, Timomenus 310 koorgensis, Exypnus 66 Kosmetor 391 kozlovi, Hamaxas 41 krausei, Diaperasticus 359 kuhgatzi, Hypurgus 276 laetior, Proreus 114 laeviforceps, Forfícula 625 laevis, Cosmiella 211 lahaulensis, Himanechura 453 laminigera, Forfícula 615 Lamprophorella 25 Lamprophorus 25 lebongae, Forfícula 651 lesnei, Forfícula 611 leucopteryx, Doru 522 lewisi, Anechura 461 lilyanus, Chelisoches 74 limbatus, Chelisoches 49 lineare, Doru 529 lingua, Adiathella 61 lingua Apterygida 52 linsleyi, Skalistes 513 Liparura 173

Lipodes 236 Lithinus 367 Litocosmia 128 Lobophora 72 lobophoroides, Timomenus 295 longiforceps, Cosmiella 201 longiforceps, Proreus 122 longiforceps, Pterygida 392 longiforceps, Timomenus 293 longipes, Opisthocosmia 262 longipygi, Apterygida 624 lucasi, Forfícula 599 lucasi, Skalistes 510 lucens, Guanchia 584 lucifer, Anechura 463 luctuosa, Ancistrogaster 162 ludekingi, Proreus 109 lugens, Timomenus 305 lugubris, Skalistes 505 lundbladi, Perirrhytus 437 lurida, Forfícula 632 luteipennis, Forfícula 535 luteipes, Doru 533 mabillei, Forfícula 677 mackinderi, Apterygida 360 macrobasis, Forfícula 639 macropyga, Allodahlia 384 maculata, Pterygida 409 maculifera, Ancistrogaster 159 madagascariensis, Cosmiella 202 madeirensis, Perirrhytus 436 magnifica, Neocosmiella 172 mahajani, Genitalata 3 major, Forfícula 603 malgachus, Chelisoches 76 mandarina, Eumegalura 433 mandarina, Forfícula 666 Maraniola 409 martensi, Allodahlia 382 media, Apterygida 539 medica, Guanchia 583 meenae, Forfícula 644 melanocephalus, Hamaxas 44 mendesi, Ancistrogaster 155 mercator, Eparchus 331 meridionalis, Sphingolabis 231 Mesasiobia 444 mesmini, Forfícula 618 Mesochelidura 409

708 Mesolabia 678 metallica, Eudohrnia 480 Metresura 492 metrica, Forfícula 505 micheli, Hypurgus 276 mikado, Forfícula 624 mindanensis, Eparchus 329 minima, Cosmiella 212 minor, Proreus 113 minor, Pseudochelidura 440 minusculus, Pareparchus 268 Mixocosmia 215 mixta, Ancistrogaster 160 modesta, Anechura 468 modesta, Forfícula 112 mogul, Forfícula 645 montana, Forfícula 419 montanus, Eulithinus 368 montanus, Syntonus 254 montuosa, Liparura 176 montuosa, Pselidochelidura 442 morio, Chelisoches 74 morsus, Timomenus 297 mounseyi, Kinesis 12 mutica, Chelidura 429 Narberia 320 natalensis, Forfícula 362 natalensis, Mesochelidura 545 nathani, Paratimomenus 315 nayyari, Anechura 466 neavei, Cosmiella 210 neglecta, Forfícula 603 Neocosmiella 170 Neolobophora 488 Neolobophorinae 478 neolobophoroides, Syntonus 253 Neoopisthocosmia 266 Neopterygida 389 nevermanni, Vara 143 nevilli, Timomenus 304 nieuwenhuisi, Parlax 516 nigerrima, Afroforficula 544 nigrescens, Anechura 478 nigircornis, Labidura 74 nigripennis, Kleter 232 nigrocastaneus, Adiathetus 22 nigronitens, Lobophora 74 nigrorufus, Hamaxas 36 niitakaensis, Mesolabia 678

nitens, Cosmiella 195 nitidulus, Hamaxas 43 nuristanica, Chelidura 425 oannes, Timomenus 307 Obelura 182 oberthuri, Eparchus 332 obtusangula, Guanchia 580 ochroptera, Allodahlia 374 Odontopsalis 454 okinawaiensis, Labidurodes 112 Opisthocosmia 259 Opisthocosmiinae 240 Oreasiobia 446 orientalis, Anechura 475 orientalis, Forfícula 632 ornata, Forfícula 672 ornaticapitata, Pterygida 400 orpheus, Proreus, 101 orsinii, Pseudochelidura 443 Osteulcus 125 ova, Hypurgus 274 oxypyga, Allodahlia 386 pallidicollis, Forfícula 614 panfilovi, Eparchus 332 papuanus, Acanthocordax 342 papuanus, Hamaxas 36 Paracosmia 130 Paracosmiella 166 Paradohrnia 391 paradoxa, Eutimomenus 256 parallela, Forfícula 603 Parasondax 246 Parasyntonus 248 Paratimomenus 311 paratomis, Forfícula 621 paravicinii, Chelisoches 91 Pareparchus 267 Parlax 516 paulensis, Praos 142 paupercula, Forfícula 419 pedestris, Forfícula 539 pelvimeter, Pareparchus 269 perditus, Praos 140 peringueyi, Proforficula 549 Perirrhytus 434 perplexus, Kleter 231 persimilis, Chelisoches 80 persuasus, Schizoproreus 96

709 peruviana, Skalistes 514 petropolis, Forfícula 159 Phaulex 517 philippinensis, Adiathella 59 phoenix, Adiathetus 23 picta, Forfícula 598 picticornis, Chelisoches 295 pieli, Timomenus 300 piger, Oreasiobia 452 pirpanjalae, Anechura 471 plagiata, Forfícula 78 planicollis, Forfícula 651 platensis, Doru 524 poecilocerus, Hypurgus 273 politus, Cordax 353 pomerantzevi, Forfícula 618 potanini, Anechura 456 potanini, Sondax 245 poultoni, Pterygida 409 Praos 135 primaria, Anechura 469 Proforficula 547 promontorii, Proforficula 552 proreoides, Adiathetus 20 Proreus 99 Prosadiya 270 przewalskii, Chelidura 427 Pseudochelidura 438 Pterygida 391 pubescens, Guanchia 578 pubescens, Sondax 480 puella, Forfícula 634 pulchellus, Chelisoches 658 pulchripennis, Exypnus 65 pulchripes, Pterygida 409 pulla, Forcepsia 169 pulla, Taipinia 332 punctata, Kosmetor 404 punctata, Liparura 174 punctata, Paradohrnia 396 punctulata, Kinesis 11 purcelli, Proforficula 550 pusillus, Hamaxas 46 pygidiata, Cosmiella 206 pygmaea, Metresura 493 pyrenaica, Chelidura 430 quadrimaculata, Sarcinatrix 145 quadrituberculatus, Hamaxas 32 quelparta, Anechura 469

ramamurthii, Proreus 122 rebus, Cosmiella 190 redux, Chelidura 420 rehni, Guanchia 559 rehni, Kleter 224 reiseri, Chelidura 413 repens, Sondax 246 rhachynotus, Acanthocordax 341 Rhadamanthus 283 rhodesiensis, Afrocosmia 235 Rhyacolabine 124 Rhyacolabis 135 riffensis, Forfícula 629 ritsamae, Schizoproreus 93 robusta, Forfícula 620 robustum, Doru 523 robustus, Praos 141 robustus, Timomenus 303 roccattii, Opisthocosmia 274 rodziankoi, Forfícula 608 roraimae, Litocosmia 129 rubicapitis, Anechura 478 rubiceps, Spongiphora 103 ruficeps, Forfícula 660 ruficeps, Metresura 497 rufícollis, Forfícula 627 rufitarsis, Lobophora 74 rufula, Forfícula 630 rugosa, Cosmiella 214 rugosa, Metresura 494 rugulosa, Guanchia 557 russica, Chelidura 424 Sadiya 271 sagitta, Forfícula 630 sangus, Hypurgus 276 sansibaricus, Diaperasticus 360 Sarakas 223 Sarcinatricinae 124 Sarcinatrix 142 satanus, Acanthocordax 340 scabiosa, Ancistrogaster 156 scabriuscula, Allodahlia 373 scampolo, Kleter 226 schaffii, Schizoproreus 95 Schizochelisoches 68 Schizoproreus 92 schlagintweiti, Forfícula 671 schmitzi, Guanchia 565 schwarzi, Cipex 242

710 scudderi, Forfícula 620 semenovi, Chelidura 411 semiluteus, Hamaxas 40 semirufus, Chelisoches 81 senator, Anechura 457 senegalensis, Forfícula 608 serrata, Forfícula 362 serrata, Liparura 179 serratus, Syntonus 251 Setocordax 487 setulosa, Forfícula 578 shelfordi, Adiathetus 17 shelfordi, Timomenus 290 significans, Ancistrogaster 153 significans, Kinesis 13 silana, Forfícula 612 silanoides, Forfícula 603 silvestrii, Paracosmia 134 silvestris, Opisthocosmia 259 similis, Oreasiobia 451 simplex, Cosmiola 239 simplex, Eparchus 332 simplex, Euenkrates 50 simplex, Forfícula 418 simplex, Liparura 173 simplex, Paracosmiella 166 simplex, Syntonus 252 simplicis, Timomenus 288 simulans, Paratimomenus 319 simulans, Proreus 112 sinensis, Liparura 182 singhi, Hamaxas 28 sinica, Forfícula 648 sinuata, Pseudochelidura 439 sinuatus, Timomenus 309 sjoestedti, Guanchia 563 Skalistes 502 Skendyle 186 smithi, Skalistes 514 smyrnensis, Forfícula 622 sobrinus, Proreus 106 sogai, Brachycosmiella 165 sokotrana, Anechura 478 Solenosoma 91 Sondax 244 spatulatus, Acanthocordax 343 specifica, Chelidura 412 sphinx, Spongophora 112 spiculiferum, Doru 519 spinax, Ancistrogaster 157

spinosa, Adiathella 62 spinosa, Allodahlia 379 Spinosocordax 353 spinosus, Acanthocordax 337 splendida, Forfícula 673 Stenixus 336 stoliczkae, Oreasiobia 453 storai, Guanchia 575 stratioticus, Chelisoches 74 stuckenbergi, Proforficula 548 subauricularia, Forfícula 646 subflavus, Eparchus 330 sudanicus, Diaperasticus 358 superba, Chelisoches 5 suturalis, Forfícula 529 svenhedini, Anechura Ali Syntonus 249 taboensis, Timomenus 302 taeniatum, Doru 530 tagalensis, Pterygida 405 Taipinia 320 taiwanica, Chaetocosmia 354 tamul, Obelura 183 targionii, Forfícula 612 tartarea, Lobophora 74 tasmanica, Forfícula 74 Tauropygia 54 tawangensis, Forfícula 655 taylori, Guanchia 556 tegminata, Liparura 180 temora, Pterygida 402 tenebrator, Adiathetus 24 tenebrosus, Hamaxas 34 tenellus continentalis, Eparchus 326 tenellus obesus, Eparchus 326 tenellus pallidus, Eparchus 326 tenellus sumatrensis, Eparchus 326 tenellus tenellus, Eparchus 326 tenerifensis, Gunachia 571 tenuis, Opisthocosmia 261 tezpurensis, Proreus 107 Thalperus 271 tibetana, Chelidura 428 tigris, Chelisoches 74 Timomenus 283 tolteca, Mixocosmia 216 tomis, Forfícula 618 torquata, Anechura 473 torrevillasi, Proreus 110

711 transsilvanica, Chelidura 431 transversa, Guanchia 573 triangulata, Guachia 561 tricota, Prosadiya 270 tridentata, Tauropygia 54 Tristanella 483 tristani, Mixocosmia 221 tristani, Paracosmia 133 tuberculata, Cosmiella 194 tuberculata, Narberia 332 tuberculata, Tristanella 483 tuberculosa, Apterygida 541 tumida, Apterygida 541 turbator, Doru 526 uncinata, Ancistrogaster 152 unicolor, Cosmiella 203 unicolor, Doru 527 unidentatus, Proreus 116 unidentatus, Timomenus 294 uniformis, Eudohrnia 481 uniformis, Hypurgus 278 uvarovi, Guanchia 586 uxoris, Guanchia 567 valida, Eutimomena 258 vandermeermohri, Cordax 352 vankampeni, Cordax 350 Vara 142 vara, Skalistes 509 variabilis, Mixocosmia 219 variana, Forfícula 362 varicornis, Hamaxas 39

variegata, Ancistrogaster 151 variegatum, Euenkrates 49 variicornis, Forfícula 231 variopictus, Proreus 103 vellicans, Forfícula 535 venezuelica, Hypocosmiella 185 venus, Syntonus 255 versicolor, Hamaxas 38 vicaria, Forfícula 631 vicinus, Timomenus 295 vidua, Skalistes 512 vigilans, Opisthocosmia 266 vilmi, Forfícula 674 vishnu, Pterygida 397 vittatus, Chelisoches 49 vittigera, Chelidura 439 vivax, Lipodes 238 Vlax 146 volsella, Metresura 498 weissi, Proreus 120 werneri, Hamaxas 29 werneri, Kinesis 9 wittei, Diaperasticus 364 wittmeri, Forfícula 650 xanthopygia, Forfícula 421 yersini, Forfícula 578 yezoensis, Eparchus 336 zeae, Eudohrnia 483 zubovskii, Anechura 472

As of Part 102 Das Tierreich is published in hard cover. Since 1958 the following have appeared Contribution 72

Author

Title

Year

No. of pages

H.Wermuth

REPTILIA: Hetodermatidae

1958

16 pages, 9 figures

73

M. Beier

ORTHOPTERA: Tettigoniidae (Pseudophyllinae I)

1962

XII, 468 pages, 245 figures

74

M. Beier

ORTHOPTERA: Tettignoniidae (Pseudophyllinae II)

1960

396 pages, 241 figures

75

K. Odening

TREMATODA (Digenea): Plagiorchiidae III (Haematoloechinae) und Omphalometridae

1960

IV, 77 pages 60 figures

76

K. Sanft

AVES (Upupae): Bucerotidae

1960

IV, 176 pages 106 figures

77

R. Kilias

GASTROPODA

1962

63 pages, 47 figures

PROSOBRANCHIA:

Tonnidae 78

St. W. Gorham

GYMNOPHIONA, Liste der rezenten Amphibien und Reptilien

1962

X, 25 pages

79

R. Mertens

HELODERMATIDAE, VARANIDAE, LANTHANOTIDAE. Liste der rezenten Amphibien und Reptilien

1963

X, 26 pages

80

H.Wermuth

GEKKONIDAE, PYGOPODIAE, XANTUSIIDAE. Liste der rezenten Amphibien und Reptilien

1965

XXII, 246 pages

81

J. A. Peters

COLUBRIDAE (Dipsadinae). Liste der rezenten Amphibien und Reptilien

1965

VIII, 18 pages

82

J. lilies

PLECOPTERA, Katalog

1966

XXX, 632 pages, 20 figures

83

R. Mertens

CHAMAELEONIDAE. Liste der rezenten Amphibien und Reptilien

1966

X, 37 pages

84

C. Gans

UROPELTIDAE. Liste der rezenten Amphibien und Reptilien

1966

29 pages

85

St. W. Gorham

ASCAPHIDAE, LEIOPELMATIDAE, PIPIDAE, DISCOGLOSSIDAE, PELOBATIDAE, LEPTODACTYLIDAE, RHINOPHRYNIDAE. Liste der rezenten Amphibien und Reptilien

1966

XVI, 222 pages

86

H.Wermuth

AGAMIDAE. Liste der rezenten Amphibien und Reptilien

1967

XIV, 127 pages

87

H.Wermuth

CORDYLIDAE (Cordylinae + Gerrhosaurinae). Liste der rezenten Amphibien und Reptilien

1968

X, 30 pages

88

F. Haas

BIVALVIA: Unionacea

1969

X, 663 pages, 5 figures

Contribution

Author

Title

Year

No. of pages

89

A. F. Stimson

BOIDAE, (Boinae + Bolyeriinae + Loxoceminae + Pythoninae). Liste der rezenten Amphibien und Reptilien

1969

XI, 49 pages

90

H.Wermuth

ANGUIDAE, ANNIELLIDAE, XENOSAURIDAE. Liste der rezenten Amphibien und Reptilien

1969

XII, 41 pages

91

M. Fischer

1972

XII, 620 pages, 463 figures

92

R. Kilias

HYMENOPTERA: Braconidae (Opiinae I) GASTROPODA PROSOBRANCHIA: Cymatiidae

93

P. Banarescu & T.T. Nalbant

PISCES, TELEOSTEI: Cyprinidae (Gobioninae)

1973

VII, 304 pages, 154 figures, 19 maps

94

P. Zwick

PLECOPTERA, Phylogenetisches System und Katalog

1973

XXXII, 465 pages, 75 figures

95

E. Duellmann

HYLIDAE, CENTROLENIDAE, PSEUDIDAE. Liste der rezenten Amphibien und Reptilien

1976

XIX, 225 pages

96

M. Fischer

HYMENOPTERA: Braconidae (Optiinae II/Amerika)

1976

1038 pages, 890 figures

97

S.G.Kiriakoff

LEPIDOPTERA NOCTUIFORMES: Agaristidae I

1976

IX, 180 pages, 39 figures

98

S.G.Kiriakoff

LEPIDOPTERA NOCTUIFORMES: Agaristidae II

1976 VIII, 165 pages, 52 figures

99

S.G.Kiriakoff

LEPIDOPTERA NOCTUIFORMES: Agaristidae III

1976

VI, 86 pages 26 figures

100

H.Wermuth & f R . Mertens

TESTUDINES, CROCODYLIA, RHYNCHOCEPHALIA. Liste der rezenten Amphibien und Reptilien

1976

XXVII, 174 pages

101

D.E.Hahn

ANOMALEPIDIDAE, LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE, TYPHLOPIDAE. Liste der rezenten Amphibien und Reptilien

1980

XII, 93 pages

102

H. Steinmann

DERMAPTERA Catadermaptera I

1986

XIV, 343 pages

103

A.Kaltenbach

SAGINAE Saltatoria- Tettigoniidae

1986

VIII, 92 pages

104

M. Fischer

HYMENOPTERA Optiinae III

1987

XV, 734 pages

105

H. Steinmann

DERMAPTERA Catadermaptera II

1989

XIX, 504 pages

1973 VIII, 235 pages, 149 figures

Contribution

Author

106

H. Steinmann

107

R.L.Hoffman

108

H. Steinmann

Title DERMAPTERA Eudermaptera I MYRIAPODA 4 Polydesmida: Oxydesmidae DERMAPTERA Eudermaptera II

Year

No. of pages

1989

XX, 558 pages

1990

XVI, 512 pages

1993

XXII, 711 pages