Cylinder Seals from the Collections of the Aleppo Museum, Syrian Arab Republic: 1. Seals of Unknown Provenience 9780860544296, 9781407346076

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Cylinder Seals from the Collections of the Aleppo Museum, Syrian Arab Republic 1. Seals of Unknown Provenience

Hamido Hammade revised by Louise Hitchcock

BAR lnterna·tional Series 335 1987

B.A.R. 5, Centremead, Osney Mead, Oxford OX2 ODQ, England.

GENERAL EDITORS A.R. Hands, B.Sc., M.A., D.Phil. D.R. Walker, M.A.

BAR -S335,1987:'Cylinder Seals from the Collections of the Aleppo Museum'

© Hamid□ Hamniade, 1987

The author’s moral rights under the 1988 UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act are hereby expressly asserted. All rights reserved. No part of this work may be copied, reproduced, stored, sold, distributed, scanned, saved in any form of digital format or transmitted in any form digitally, without the written permission of the Publisher. ISBN 9780860544296 paperback ISBN 9781407346076 e-book DOI https://doi.org/10.30861/9780860544296 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library This book is available at www.barpublishing.com

DEDICATION This book i s dedicated to Professor A fif Bahnasi, the General D irector Of A ntiquities A nd Museums i n Syria, and to G iorgio Buccellati, Professor of Near Eastern Languages and Cultures at U .C.L. A., to whom we are greatly i ndebted.

I NTRODUCTION

s eals

T he i n

s cheme f ollowed i n s tudying t his book c an b e s ummarized

t he c ollections a s f ollows:

o f

t he

1 .

N umber o f t he s eal f ollowed by i ts museum n umber, i ts measurements, i ts material a nd i ts c ondition.

2 .

B rief

3 .

D etailed e lements.

d escription

4 .

D ates

s tyles

s ummary o f

a nd

t he

o f

s eal's o f

t he

s ubject-matter.

t he

s eal's

s cenes

a nd

s eals.

We h ave d iscarded t he mention o f r eferences due t o t he f act t hat r eference books a re r ather s carce h ere. We h ave g enerally t aken u p t he Mesopotamian c lassification s ince t he a rt o f t he S yrian s eals a s well a s s eals o f M esopotamia a re s ufficiently s tudied. We h ave t hought i t b est t o h ave t he p ictures o f t he s eals p rinted o n t he l eft o f t he p age w hile t heir c omments o n t he r ight i n s uch a w ay t hat t hey c an be e asily s tudied. The s cenes t hat a ppear o n t he s eals a nd r eproduced i n t he b ook a re i ntended t o h elp t he r eader a nd t o c larify s ome points.

which a re s pecialized

This book i s a n a ttempt t o date t he a rt h istory o f s eals i n S yria; b ut i t i s r ather d ifficult t o g ive a p recise opinion o f t hem b ecause t he o rigins a nd a rchaeological l evels o f most o f t hem a re u nknown. T herefore, we c an o nly make t heir c omparisons w ith t hose o f k nown dates. T here m ight b e s ome r igidity i n r endering dates o f t hese s eals t o c enturies. B ut t hese dates r emain a pproximate; t he f act o f which i s c ontroversial. We n otice t hat s ome o f t he a ncient designs i n t he making o f s eals s till p ersisted over t he f ollowing e ras. T his, i n p articular, d etains s trict dating o f s eals. The most o utstanding s eals o f t his book's c ollections a re t hose o f geometric designs. T hey d istinguished by t heir t ypical s tyles o f Northern S yria a nd M esopotamia ( i.e. 1 12 5). We c an h ere, detect a g reat Mesopotamian i nfluence o ver most o f t he s eals c ited i n t his b ook.

1

PREFACE

I n t he s pring o f 1 985 I was a ppointed C urator o f C uneiform T ablets a nd Cylinder S eals a t A leppo M useum. T he p rocess o f c hecking t hese s eals a ccording t o t heir r ecords l asted l ong months d uring which t ime, I w as c lassifying s eals f ound i n t he A leppo M useum. T o a chieve t his I h ad t o f ill i n s lips f or e ach p articular s eal. F or t his I r elied upon t he M useum r ecords w hich were o riginally i ntended f or T he a ncient E astern a ntiquities. While t aking up t he t ask o f c lassifying t hese s eals, i t s eemed possible t o s ort t hem o ut i nto t wo g roups: A l arge g roup which r eached t he museum b y way o f s cientific excavations done i n d ifferent s ites o f S yria s uch a s M ari, U garit, E bla, C hagar B azar, a nd T ell B rak e tc.; a nd a smaller g roup, o f a round 3 00 s eals, which r eached t he Museum by way o f p urchase a nd c onfiscations o r g ifts. T his s econd g roup i s t he c oncern o f t his b ook whereas t he o ther g roup w ill b e d iscussed i n a f ollowing b ook. A l arge p art o f t his g roup was c onfiscated a t A leppo A irport; t hey w ere d iscovered i n t he h and-bag o f s ome l ady by t he n ame o f M rs. G irardi, i n 1 980, whereas most o f t he o ther p art, r eached t he M useum by w ay o f p urchase b efore t he y ear 1 960. I t i s i nteresting t o n ote, t hat a ll t he c ylinder s eals i n t his c atalogue a re n ot t ackled i n a ny o ther s ources r ather, s ome s imple i nformation w ere g iven i n t he Museum r ecords. T herefore, I f ound i t p roper t o d iscuss many t opics o f t hese s eals i n my p resent c atalogue, w ith s pecialists, a nd h ad t o r efer t o t he f ew r eference b ooks a vailable i n o ur museum l ibrary f or t he purpose o f m aking r easonable r esearch o n t his s ubject. I s hould l ike t o e xpress my g ratitude t o a n umber o f f riends, who h ave, i n o ne way o r o ther, a ssisted me i n t his w ork: M r A nwar a bdl-Ghafour w ho s upplied m e w ith a ll t he p hotographs, w ithout w hich, t his b ook c ould n ot b e possible. I am a lso g rateful t o D r. U rsula M oortgat who e xpressed h er o pinions o n many points i n t his book. My t hanks a lso go t o D r. D ominique C harpin, who h as a ssisted me i n e xpressing h is s uggestions a bout my t ranslation o f c uneiform i nscriptions t o be f ound o n s ome o f t he s eals o f t his book. T he f irst v ersion o f t his b ook i s i n A rabic a nd s ince most a rchaeologists h ave n o c ommand o f A rabic I t hought i t n ecessary t o t ranslate i t i nto E nglish; I am i ndebted t o my w ife a nd c olleague, L ouise H itchcock, who t ranslated t he b ook i nto E nglish a nd w ho a dded many p oints I h ad m issed i n t he A rabic v ersion. S he was, s o t o s peak, t he r eviser o f e very s eal s tudied. I t hank h er, a lso f or t yping t he b ook o n t he c omputer. T his book i s o ne o f o ur c o-works w hich I h ope w ill p roceed i n f uture.

2

CATALOGUE

3

1 . M .4622. 2 5 x 2 3 mm. S erpentine. P erfect. P rocession o f A nimals: Two quadrupeds, probably horses a re walking o ne behind t he o ther. The f irst i s approaching a vessel s haped l ike a l arge s pearhead. The s econd has i ts l ower f ront l eg r aised. Above i ts back a re two horizontal wavy l ines. 3 0th c B .C. Jemdet Nasr 2 . M .6032. 2 2 x 2 0 mm. S erpentine. S ome Damage. Design Unclear: The p icture i s u nclear a s a r esult o f poor workmanship. I t appears t o be a n a rchitectural s tructure, perhaps a gate o r a t emple approached by a n animal. 3 0th c B .C. Jemdet Nasr 3 . M .4583. 2 1 x 1 1 mm. S teatite. Some Damage. Geometric Design: This s eal i s damaged a nd appears a s a conglomeration o f c ircles a nd globules. A quadruped, p robably a horse c an be detected i n t he center. A h orizontal l ine r uns a long t he t op. 3 0th c B .C. Jemdet Nasr 4 . M .4598. 1 7 x 1 6 mm. S erpentine. P erfect. Men and Jars: There a re two men. O ne i s s tanding. The o ther s itting. Between t hem a re two j ars. 3 0th c B .C. S usa S tyle

man

i s

5 . M .6029. 2 3 x 2 9 mm. B lack F lint. D amaged. Geometric Design: T here are two horizontal r egisters d ivided by a horizontal l ine. The l ower r egister appears t o b e empty. The design i n t he upper r egister i s unclear a s t he s eal i s badly damaged. There a re some s hapes r esembling f eet and/or t orsos a nd s ome platform-like f eatures. 2 9th c B .C. Jemdet Nasr

4

2

3

6 . M .4587. 3 0 x 1 7 mm. B lack F lint. P erfect. 1 948 Gazelles: There a re two gazelles: o ne f emale; o ne male. Above t he f emale i s a small gazelle upside down. Behind t he male gazelle i s a l arge gazelle upside down. 3 0th c B .C. Jemdet Nasr; Brocade S tyle 7 . M .4560. 2 8 x 1 2 mm. 1 948 Seven P risoners: Seven s tick-like men a re 3 0th c B .C. Jemdet Nasr

S erpentine.

l ined

up a nd

P erfect

but doubtful.

j oined by a r ope.

8 . M .4639. 3 0 x 2 3 mm. Red F lint. Lower Damage a nd Doubtful. 1 959 Worshippers at t he " Tree of L ife": Four worshippers a re approaching a s acred palm t ree. A ll a re wearing s hort garments a nd carrying maces, or p erhaps s un-disks o n a s tandard, o r even small t rees. I n f ront o f each man, t he s ame object i s planted i n t he ground. 3 0th c B .C. Jemdet Nasr 9 . M .6027. 3 1 x 2 3 mm. Ceramic. Damaged. 1 980 Worshippers at t he " Tree of L ife": Three worshippers carrying small t rees are approaching a " tree o f l ife". There may be a small a nimal between t he worshippers a nd t he t ree. 3 0th c B .C. Jemdet Nasr

0

1 0. M .6038. 2 5 x 1 5 mm. White F lint. D amaged. P rocession o f A nimals: There a re two unclear quadrupeds, possibly gazelles. may a lso be a man. This i s u nclear d ue t o damage. 3 0th c B .C. J emdet Nasr

T here

1 1. M .6379. 2 9 x 1 7 mm. S teatite. P erfect. S tamp a nd Cylinder D iamond a nd G lobe Pattern: This design consists o f pairs o f d iamonds, o ne i nside t he other w ith a n e ncircled globe i n t he m iddle o f t he i nner d iamonds. There i s a pair o f e ncircled globes between e ach pair o f d iamonds. At t he e nd o f t he s eal i s a s tamp s eal consisting o f t hree e ncircled globes. 3 0th c B .C. Jemdet Nasr N . S yro-Mesopotamian 1 2. M .6376. 3 2 x 2 0 mm. S teatite. P erfect. S tamp a nd Cylinder D iamond a nd G lobe Pattern: This design consists o f pairs o f d iamonds o ne i nside t he other. I n t he center o f t he i nner d iamond i s a n e ncircled globe. Between e ach pair of d iamonds i s a pair o f e ncircled globes a rranged vertically. There i s a s tamp s eal o n t he e nd consisting o f f our e ncircled globes f orming a square. 3 0th c B .C. Jemdet Nasr N . Syro-Mesopotamian 1 3. M .6378. 3 2 x 1 7 mm. S teatite. Perfect. S tamp a nd Cylinder D iamond a nd Globe Pattern: This design consists o f pairs o f d iamonds w ith o ne i nside t he other. I n t he m iddle o f each i nner d iamond i s a g lobe w ith a c ircle a round i t. Between e ach p air o f d iamonds i s a pair o f e ncircled g lobes: one a t t he t op; a nd one a t t he bottom. There i s a lso a horizontal l ine at t he t op and bottom. The s tamp a t t he e nd o f t he s eal c onsists o f a pattern o f f our e ncircled globes. 3 0th c B .C. Jemdet Nasr N . Syro-Mesopotamian 1 4. M .6371. 4 0 x 2 5 mm. S teatite. P erfect. S tamp and Cylinder D iamond a nd Globe Pattern: This geometric design c onsists o f two p airs o f d iamonds. I n each pair o ne d iamond i s i nside t he o ther. One pair h as an e ncircled g lobe o r " eye" i nside i t. T he o ther pair h as two e ncircled globes i nside i t. There a re a lso two e ncircled globes a rranged vertically between e ach pair o f d iamonds. The s tamp o n t he e nd o f t he s eal consists o f a c luster o f f ive e ncircled globes. 3 0th c B .C. Jemdet Nasr N . Syro-Mesopotamian

8

1 1

1 5. M .6374. 3 7 x 2 0 mm. S teatite. P erfect. S tamp a nd Cylinder D iamond a nd Globe Pattern: T here a re two pairs o f d iamonds. Each pair h as o ne d iamond i nside t he other. There a re two e ncircled g lobes i nside t he i nner d iamond o f each pair a rranged h orizontally. B etween t he d iamonds a re t hree o f t hese globes o n o ne s ide a nd two o f t hem on t he other s ide a ll a rranged vertically. O n t he e nd o f t he s eal i s a s tamp s eal consisting o f f our e ncircled globes. 3 0th c B .C. Jemdet Nasr N . S yro-Mesopotamian 1 6. M .6375. 3 0 x 2 2 mm. S teatite. P erfect. S tamp a nd Cylinder D iamond a nd Globe Pattern: There a re two pairs o f d iamonds. Each pair h as o ne d iamond i nside t he other. I nside o ne pair a re two e ncircled g lobes a rranged vertically. I nside t he other pair o f d iamonds a re f our e ncircled globes, w ith o ne g lobe i n e ach c orner. Between t he pairs o f d iamonds a re two e ncircled g lobes a rranged vertically. The s tamp a t t he e nd o f t he s eal consists o f f our e ncircled g lobes. 3 0th c B .C. Jemdet Nasr N . Syro-Mesopotamian 1 7. M .6373. 2 5 x 2 0 mm. S teatite. P erfect. S tamp and Cylinder D iamond a nd Globe Pattern: There a re two pairs o f d iamonds. Each pair consists o f o ne d iamond i nside t he other. There a re f our e ncircled g lobes i n t he i nner d iamond o f e ach pair a rranged w ith o ne g lobe i n e ach corner o f t he d iamond. Between t he d iamonds o n o ne s ide a re t hree globes w ith two on t he t op a nd one o n t he bottom. On t he other s ide a re two globes a rranged vertically. The s tamp a t t he e nd o f t he s eal consists o f f our e ncircled globes f orming a square pattern. 3 0th c B .C. Jemdet Nasr N . S yro-Mesopotamian 1 8. M .6372. 2 9 x 2 0 mm. S teatite. P erfect. S tamp a nd Cylinder Geometric Design: A pattern o f d iamonds i s f ormed by crossed h orizontal l ine f rames t he design. T he s tamp a t t he s eal has another design consisting o f t hree globes. 3 0th c B .C. Jemdet Naqsr N . Syro-Mesopotamian

l ines. A t he e nd o f e ncircled

1 9. M .6380. 2 5 x 1 5 mm. S teatite. P erfect. S tamp a nd Cylinder Geometric Design: A geometric design consisting o f d iamonds f ormed by c rossed l ines. The s tamp a t t he e nd o f s eal h as a nother d esign consisting o f two c rossed l ines f orming a c ross. 3 0th c B .C. Jemdet Nasr N . Syto-Mesopotamian

1 0

1 6

1 7

2 0. M .4657. 3 4 x 1 8 mm. Geometric Design: A geometric pattern o f d iamonds. 3 0th c B .C. Jemdet Nasr

Green

S tone.

c riss-crossed

P erfect. l ines

1 969

f orming

r aised

B rocade

2 1. M .6036. 2 1 x 1 9 mm. Marble. P erfect. 1 980 Geometric Design: A d iamond pattern f ormed by c riss-crossed l ines. 3 0th c B .C. Jemdet Nasr B rocade 2 2. M .4571. 2 7 x 1 0 mm. S teatite. Some Damage. Geometric Design: There i s a pattern o f l arge c rosses w ith small c rosses between a nd dots a t t he t op and bottom. 2 9th c B .C. Jemdet Nasr Brocade 2 3. M .6031. 2 4 x 2 0 mm. S hell. P erfect. 1 980 Geometric Design: There are bands a nd wedges containing horizontal o ne band containing s lanted l ines. 3 0th c B .C. Jemdet Nasr Brocade

1 2

l ines

i n

a nd

2 0

2 2

2 4. M .6387. 2 5 x 2 3 mm. S teatite. F ield of D isks Containing Dots: There a re t hree r ows o f e ncircled 3 0th c B .C. Jemdet Nasr Brocade

Perfect.

1 957

globes.

2 5. M .6033. 1 9 x 1 3 mm. B lack F lint. P erfect. 1 980 F ield o f D isks Containing Dots: There are two rows o f e ncircled g lobes. 3 0th c B .C. N . S yro-Mesopotamian ( Tell A jddyde) 2 6. M .6014. 1 9 x 1 3 mm. S teatite. Perfect. 1 980 Geometric Design: There are two r ows o f vertical bars. The upper border o f horizontal l ines. 3 0th c B .C. Jemdet Nasr Brocade

r ow h as

a

2 7. M .4081. 2 5 x 1 0 mm. S teatite. Perfect. 1 953 A Man Followed by Two A nimals: A h uman f igure w ith i ts a rms raised a nd o utstretched i s being f ollowed by two z oomorphs w ith l ong l egs. The i dentity of t he z oomorphs i s unclear a lthough d istinguishing f eatures i nclude l ong b ull-like horns o n t he f irst and a l ong s traight t ail r esembling t hat o f a l ion on t he s econd. 2 8th c B .C. ED I 2 8. M .6023. 2 7 x 1 5 mm. S hell. Worn. P rocession o f A nimals: There a re two unclear a nimals, probably gazelles r unning o ne behind t he o ther. This s eal i s s omewhat damaged. 2 8th c B .C. ED I

1 4

2 4

2 5

2 6

2 7

2 9. M .6034. 2 5 x 1 5 mm. S hell. P erfect. Leaping Gazelles: There i s a b ird above one o f t hree l eaping 2 8th c B .C. ED I

gazelles.

3 0. M .993. 1 7 x 1 6 mm. S teatite? P erfect. 1 947 Jar P attern: There a re two horizontal r egisters o f j ars. S ome o f t he vessels h ave two h andles, s ome a re spouted w ith o ne h andle, some are spouted w ithout h andles, a nd a c ouple r esemble goblets. 2 9th c B .C. ED I F ara 3 1. M .6028. 3 2 x 1 5 mm. Man a nd Animals: There i s a man, a n quadruped, a nd a t ree. 2 8th c B .C. ED I I Fara

F lint. upside

P erfect. down

1 980

quadruped,

a

s econd

3 2. M .4620. 2 7 x 2 4 mm. S teatite. P erfect. 1 960 P lants and A nimals: A s acred t ree i s approached by a donkey w ith a b ird f lying above i t, a gazelle, a nd a n animal o f u ncertain i dentity. 2 8th c B .C. ED I I

1 6

3 0

3 2

3 3. M .969. 3 3 x 1 3 mm. S teatite. P erfect. 1 949 Man Between Two A nimals: A man i s s tanding between a gazelle and a animals are s tanding o n t heir h ind l egs. 2 8th c B .C. E D I Fara

l ion.

Both

3 4. M .6400. 3 0 x 1 6 mm. F lint. P erfect b ut B urned. Sacrifice t o t he S itting God: A deity w ith l ong h air a nd wearing kaunakes i s s itting o n a h igh t hrone. He h as o ne a rm r aised i n greeting. A worshipper wearing kaunakes h as h is h and raised i n g reeting s o t hat i t a lmost t ouches t he h and o f t he deity. Above t he two h ands i s a c rescent. Between t hem i s a t able s haped a ltar w ith a v essel o n i t. 2 6th c B .C. E D I I 3 5. M .962. 3 2 x 1 7 mm. Marble. Some D amage. Man a nd A nimals: There i s a l arge bovine between two p airs o f c rossed f ollowed by a man whose h ead i s damaged. 2 6th c B .C. E D I I

l ions

3 6. M .4621. 2 5 x 9 mm. M ilky-Stone. P erfect. 1 960 Gazelles a t t he " Tree o f L ife": There i s a " tree o f l ife" between two gazelles. Both gazelles a re s tanding o n t heir h ind l egs and l ooking back over t heir s houlders. T he gazelle o n t he r ight i s b eing approached by a man who h as one h and o n i ts s houlder. The gazelle on t he l eft i s being attacked by a l ion. 2 5th c B .C. ED I I

1 8

3 3

3

3 7. M .4769. 2 5 x 1 8 mm. Bone. S ome L ower Damage. 1 948 Drinking S cene: There are two horizontal r egisters s eparated by two h orizontal l ines. The upper r egister s hows two s itting deities who a re f acing each o ther. The o ne o n t he l eft appears to be s itting o n a c ushion, w hile t he o ne o n t he r ight i s s itting o n a f our-legged s tool. T here a re two attendants between t hem. Each attendant h as h is h and extended to t he h and o f o ne o f t he deities a s i f t o be s erving a drink. Behind t he deity o n t he r ight i s s itting a nother attendant who i s holding up a palm f an. T he l ower part o f t he l ower r egister i s damaged, s o t hat i t i s difficult to determine f rom t he upper part exactly what i s going on. There i s a l arge object f ollowed by two h uman heads one behind t he other. What appears to be a n a ttendant i s f acing t he s econd h uman. Their h ands a re t ouching i n t he same manner a s t he s cene i n t he upper r egister l eading o ne t o a ssume t hat t his i s perhaps a nother banquet s cene. 2 5th c B .C. ED I II 3 8. M .4770. 2 8 x 1 5 mm. S erpentine. P erfect. 1 948 Drinking S cene: Two men s itting o n s tools w ith c rossed l egs a re drinking t hrough l ong s traws f rom a s ingle l arge s pool-shaped v essel t hat i s between t hem. Above t he vessel i s a c rescent. T hey are wearing l ong garments w ith p leats a t t he bottom. B ehind t hem i s a s tar above a c ross. 2 5th c B .C. ED I II 3 9. M .958. 4 6 x 2 3 mm. Marble? P erfect. 1 928 Group o f Animals: There a re two h orizontal r egisters. The upper r egister s hows a l ion o n i ts h ind l egs c rossed w ith a gazelle which i s f ace down. Next, i s a man between two gazelles t hat a re s tanding o n t heir h ind l egs a nd l ooking back over t heir s houlders a t t he man. A fter t his c omes two b irds a nd a s corpion. Below t his i s a l arge f lower, a l arge s pear point, and a gazelle. The l ower r egister s hows t hree gazelles pulling a man i n a c hariot. T he man i s holding a pair o f r eigns. Behind t he man i s a t ree and a l ong-legged o strich-like b ird. 2 4th c B .C. ED I II Syrian I nfluence 4 0. M .6389. 3 0 x 1 8 mm. S teatite. P erfect. 1 946 L ions Attacking Gazelles: There i s a man between two gazelles which a re e ach b eing attacked by a l ion. T he man's h air i s s tanding up l ike s pikes. He i s h olding both arms up a nd o ut a s i f t o p ush t he a nimals away f rom h im. A ll o f t he a nimals a re s tanding on t he h ind l egs. The gazelles h ave t heir h eads t urned over t heir s houlders s o a s t o f ace t he l ions. 2 4th c B .C. E D I II

2 0

4 0

4 1. M .4547. 1 2 x 7 mm. E nkidu a nd G ilgamesh:

Marble.

P erfect.

1 960

There i s a pair o f c rossed a nimals o f u nclear i dentity. To t he l eft appears t o be a nother a nimal, possibly a g azelle o utstanding on i ts h ind l egs. Behind t he gazelle i s a h uman f igure. On t he r ight o f t he c rossed a nimals i s a nother h uman f igure. The j uxtaposition o f a ll t he f igures s uggests E nkidu a nd G ilgamesh. 2 4th c B .C. Akkadian 4 2. M .6071. 1 8 x 6 mm. L apis L azuli. P erfect. 1 980 Man and Gods: There a re two pairs o f deities w ith t heir a rms c rossed. They a re s eparated by a man who i s r eaching out t o t he deity o n t he r ight. They a re a ll wearing l ong garments w ith horizontal pleats a nd pointed h eaddresses which a re a lso horned o n t he deities. 2 4th c B .C. Akkadian 4 3. M .6068. 1 7 x 9 mm. H ematite. P erfect. 1 980 S acrifice to t he S tanding God: There i s a deity s tanding w ith o ne e xposed l eg r aised f rom beneath h is pleated s kirt. H is h eaddress i s l arge, b ut unclear a nd he i s holding up a s pear i n h is h and. T here a re two worshippers s tanding i n f ront o f h im and o ne worshipper s tanding behind h im. A ll t hree a re w earing kaunakes a nd pointed h eaddresses w ith upturned brims. The worshippers i n f ront o f t he deity h ave o ne a rm r aised i n g reeting. The o ther o ne has both a rms r aised i n prayer. Between t he f irst worshipper a nd t he deity i s a s tar. Between t he two worshippers i s a b ird a nd a vase-shaped a ltar. 2 3rd c B .C. Akkadian 4 4. M .6083. 2 2 x 1 1 mm. S teatite. Perfect. 1 980 S acrifice to t he S itting God: Two men with one arm r aised i n f ront o f t hem i n g reeting f ace a deity s itting o n a t hrone. T he deity a lso h as o ne a rm raised. Between t he worshippers a nd t he deity i s a c rescent. A ll t hree f igures a re wearing l ong garments. 2 2nd c B .C. Late Akkadian o r Gutian 4 5. M .6398. 3 6 x 2 4 mm. S teatite. P erfect. 1 949 S acrifice to t he S itting God: Three worshippers, possibly l esser g ods, a re approaching a deity s itting on a t hrone. A ll f our f igures h ave b eards. They a re a lso wearing h orned c rowns, l ong g arments w ith vertical pleats and l arge mantles f astened over o ne s houlder. The worshipper d irectly i n f ront o f t he deity h as o ne a rm r aised i n greeting. T he deity i s s itting o n a f ourl egged l ow-backed chair. Behind t he d eity i s a p ine t ree. 2 3rd

c B .C.

Akkadian

2 2

4 1

4 2

4 3

4 4

4 6. M .6078. 1 7 x 9 mm. S teatite. P erfect. Sacrifice t o S hamash: Two men a re f acing a n a ltar. T he f irst i s wearing a l ong garment w ith d iagonal p leats. He h as o ne a rm r aised i n f ront o f h im. The s econd man i s wearing a l ong garment w ith vertical p leats. H e h as o ne a rm s tretched o ut i n f ront o f h im. The o ther a rm i s r aised a nd appears t o be h olding a dagger. The a ltar i s s haped l ike a l adder. Next, i s t he god S hamash s tanding w ith o ne l eg a nd o ne a rm r aised. H e i s holding a s taff o r a s aw i n t he r aised h and. He i s w earing a r ound cap w ith two h orns a nd a l ong s kirt w ith v ertical pleats. There a re r ays o f l ight emanating f rom h is s houlders. 2 3rd c B .C. Akkadian 4 7. M .4765. 3 5 x 2 1 mm. S teatite? P erfect. 1 946 Shamash a t t he Gate o f Heaven: The s un-god S hamash i s s tanding b etween two mountains. There are r ays o f l ight emanating f rom h is s houlders. H e i s holding a s aw up i n f ront o f h im while h is o ther h and i s r esting o n h is h ip. H e i s wearing a l ong garment w ith s traight, vertical p leats a nd a horned crown which a ppears to h ave a knob i n t he c enter. Two deities a lso wearing l ong garments w ith vertical pleats a nd h orned c rowns a re s tanding i n f ront o f S hamash. The f irst i s holding a gate or l adder, possibly l eading t o heaven. Between t he two deities i s a s tandard o n a pedestal w ith a s tar o n t op. A n i dentical, but smaller s tandard f ollows t he s econd deity. 2 3rd c B .C. A kkadian 4 8. M .4604. 2 5 x 1 3 mm. Hematite. B roken, b ut Restored. 1 948 Naram-Sin a s S hamash: There i s a naked-hero w ith h is hands c lasped i n f ront o f h im. Next, i s t he warrior god Amurru w ith o ne a rm c rossed i n f ront o f h im. He i s wearing a s hort s kirt a nd t here appears t o be a small weapon a t h is s ide. From h is c hest t o h is h ead i s u nclear due t o damage. F inally, Naram-Sin i s portrayed a s t he god S hamash w ith a n e xposed l eg s tepping on t op o f a small mountain. O ne arm i s l owered i n f ront o f h im a nd t he other i s c rossed i n f ront o f h im. Naram-Sin i s wearing a l ong garment w ith vertical p leats. B etween Amurru and Naram-Sin i s a s un-disk. A nother s cene s hows f our small men w ith o ne pair a bove t he o ther. A ll but t he o ne i n t he n t he l ower l eft a gain l ower l eft a re upside down. The man o o h im i s a naked h ero. represents Amurru. The f igure n ext t rms r aised above h is The man i n t he upper l eft h as both a ne a rm r aised a nd t he h ead. The f igure n ext t o h im h as o other a rm i s at h is s ide. 2 3rd c B .C. A kkadian 4 9.

M .6356.

2 7

x 1 6

mm.

S erpentine.

Ea a nd t he Bull-Man: A b ull-man i s s tanding between o ne o f t heir paws i n e ach hand. up

a t all,

t hin

vase.

There

i s

P erfect.

1 946

two l ions. H e i s g ripping Next, t he god Ea i s h olding a s tream o f

water

f lowing

f rom each s ide o f t he vase, a nd a nother s tream o f w ater f lowing f rom h is s houlder. Above each s tream o f water i s a f ish. He i s wearing a f lat, r ound cap w ith h orns a nd a l ong garment. 2 3rd c B .C.

Akkadian

5 0. M .6370. 2 7 x 1 6 mm. Green-Stone. P erfect. 1 959 Enkidu and G ilgamesh: Enkidu a s a bull-man i s a ttacking a l ion which i s a ttacking a bull. Between Enkidu a nd t he l ion i s a vase-shaped a ltar. Next, t he naked-hero G ilgamesh i s a ttacking a h uman-headed bull. 2 3rd c B .C. A kkadian 5 1. M .4565. 2 9 x 1 1 mm. A gate. Doubtful. 1 949 E nkidu and G ilgamesh: Enkidu a nd G ilgamesh a re s tanding s ide-by-side. E nkidu i s portrayed w ith h orns a nd a l ong beard. He i s wearing a s hort wrap s kirt a nd holding t he paws o f a l ion s tanding on i ts h ind-legs. G ilgamesh i s naked, b earded a nd h olding t he paws o f an eagle-headed l ion s tanding o n i ts h ind l egs. 2 3rd c B .C. A kkadian 5 2. M .6396. 3 5 x 2 2 mm. S teatite. Perfect. 1 949 E nkidu a nd G ilgamesh: Enkidu a s a bull-man i s attacking a l ion. A n aked G ilgamesh i s t rying t o pull away a l ion t hat i s a ttacking a bull. A ll o f t he animals a re s tanding o n t heir h ind l egs. 2 3rd c B .C. Akkadian 5 3. M .6397. 3 1 x 2 0 mm. Marble. Doubtful. 1 949 Enkidu a nd G ilgamesh: There i s a l ion a ttacking a bull between E nkidu and G ilgamesh. This i s f ollowed by t hree b ull-men a nd a s tandard t hat appears t o h ave a s tar o n top. 2 3rd c B .C. Akkadian

2 6

5 0

5 1

5 4. M .1033. 2 9 x 1 7 mm. Marble. Worn. 1 960 E nkidu a nd G ilgamesh: There i s a h uman-headed bull between two men. The bull i s s tanding o n i ts h ind l egs a nd has i ts h ead t urned over i ts s houlder t owards t he man on t he l eft. The man o n t he l eft h as one a rm r aised t o t he bull's h ead a nd t he other a rm i s s tretched out i n f ront o f h im. The o ther man i s u nclear, but has one a rm r aised to t he neck o f t he b ull. Next, t here i s a l ion s tanding upside down on i ts h ead. A m an i s s tanding t o t he r ight o f t he l ion w ith o ne f oot o n t he l ion's head. The man appears to be t ying t he l ion's l egs. 2 3rd c B .C. Akkadian 5 5. M .6341. 2 4 x 1 3 mm. Hematite. P erfect. 1 949 Two Heroes Battling Animals: There are two l ions between two naked h eroes, a nd b etween t he two l ions i s a bull. Each h ero h as o ne l eg and o ne a rm raised. Underneath t he h ead o f t he b ull i s a small man c rouching. 2 2nd c B .C. Akkadian 5 6. M .6368. 3 3 x 2 1 mm. B roken. 1 960 Enkidu a nd G ilgamesh: Enkidu f eatured a s a bull-man w ith a l ong, c urly beard i s f ighting a l ion s tanding o n i ts h ind l egs. Next, a small aurochs i s s tanding w ith i ts h ead pointed s traight up. F inally, G ilgamesh t he n aked hero i s f ighting a bull which i s s tanding on i ts h ind l egs. Both E nkidu a nd G ilgamesh h ave one h and o n one o f t heir r espective a nimal's f ront l egs a nd t he other o n i ts n eck. 2 2nd c B .C. A kkadian

2 8

5 6

5 7. M .6340. 3 5 x 2 1 mm. S erpentine. P erfect. 1 949 P air o f Bull-Men: A pair o f bearded b ull-men a re f acing e ach o ther. T hey a re n aked except f or a g irdle a t t he waist. T heir l ower a natomy i s t hat o f a b ull, while t he upper p art o f t heir bodies i s h uman. 2 2nd c B .C. A kkadian 5 8. M .6361. 2 3 x 1 0 mm. S teatite. P erfect. 1 949 Enkidu a nd G ilgamesh: A l ion i s s tanding o n i ts h ind l egs b etween G ilgamesh o n t he l eft a nd E nkidu o n t he r ight. E ach i ndividual h as o ne a rm extended o utward, a nd t he o ther o ne r eaching up. A s usual G ilgamesh i s t he n aked h ero a nd E nkidu i s t he b ullman. There i s a t hree-line i nscription which r eads a s f ollows: bu-la-a i r

The l ine 2 2nd

PN

l ast two s igns o f i s unclear. c B .C. A kkadian

t he

s econd

l ine

a nd

t he

e ntire

t hird

5 9. M .6388. 2 7 x 1 4 mm. B lack F lint. D oubtful. E nkidu a nd G ilgamesh: A l ion i s s tanding o n i ts h ind l egs b etween G ilgamesh t he naked hero a nd E nkidu t he bull-man. E ach h as o ne a rm extended and o ne a rm r aised. T he two l ine i nscription r eads a s f ollows: mash-dub-um PN Dumu-za-lu-lu PN 2 2nd

c B .C.

A kkadian

6 0. M .6324. 2 6 x 1 6 mm. Green-Flint. Upper Damage. 1 946 Enkidu and G ilgamesh: Enkidu, t he b ull-man, i s on t he l eft f ighting a l ion. G ilgamesh, t he n aked h ero, i s o n t he r ight f ighting a n ox. They each h ave o ne a rm r aised a nd o ne a rm e xtended. T he outstretched paw o f t he l ion r esembles a h and. T he o ne-line i nscription i s unclear. 2 2nd c B .C. A kkadian

3 0

3 7

5 9

6 0

6 1. M .6030. 3 6 x 2 9 mm. Grey-Stone. S acrifice t o t he S itting God:

L ower

Damage.

-

A deity s itting on h is t hrone i s being approached by two deities. T he t hrone i s e ither a f our-legged c ubical s eat o r perhaps a wool covered c ushion a s s uggested by t he p attern o f c rossed h orizontal and vertical l ines. The seated deity has h is a rm r aised i n g reeting. Between h im a nd t he f irst deity i s a c rescent. T he f irst deity f acing t he t hrone appears t o be poring water f rom a vase. Between h im a nd t he s econd deity i s a s taff w ith a s tar o n t he e nd. The s taff e nds i n a wedge. The s econd deity i s l eading a k ing by t he a rm. The k ing i s wearing a round cap a nd a l ong g arment w ith f ringe a t t he bottom. A ll t he f igures a re bearded. T he deities a re a ll wearing pointed garments w ith vertical p leats. 2 2nd c B .C. Akkadian

c aps

w ith

h orns

a nd

l ong

6 2. M .6082. 2 3 x 1 1 mm. S teatite. P erfect. Sacrifice t o a K ing: A k ing i s s itting on a h igh-backed t hrone w ith h is h and r aised. H e i s wearing kaunakes. I n f ront o f h im i s a monkey. Below t his i s a s corpion. Next, a re f our r ows o f small wedges possibly r epresenting a n a ltar o r s ome k ind o f decoration. F inally, t here i s a quadruped, probably a l ion. Above i t a re two u nidentifiable f igures. 2 2nd o r 1 8th c B .C. Akkadian o r S yrian 6 3. M .4567. 3 5 x 2 0 mm. S erpentine. Worn. 1 949 Sacrifice t o t he S itting God: Three h uman f igures whose f aces a re u nclear a re approaching a deity o n h is t hrone. The f irst two worshippers a re carrying l ocks behind t hem. The t hird h as h is h and r aised i n f ront o f h im i n greeting. A ll t hree are wearing l ong wrap garments w ith f ringe a nd a mantle over t he s houlder. Between t he worshippers a nd t he deity i s a vase-shaped t able with f ruit on i t. There i s a s tar above t he t able. The deity i s holding h is hand up i n f ront o f h im. He appears t o be holding perhaps a drink o r a p iece of f ruit. H is h ead i s unclear. He appears t o be wearing kaunakes a nd h e i s s itting on a l ow-backed t hrone. 2 2nd c B .C. Akkadian 6 4. M .6391. 2 0 x 1 2 mm. H ematite. Doubtful. 1 948 S acrifice t o t he S itting God: A deity wearing kaunakes a nd s itting on a t hrone i s approached by f our worshippers. The h ead, a rms, a nd t hrone o f t he deity a re unclear. I n f ront o f t he deity i s a s undisk w ith a c rescent, a nd a small j ar a nd a r ound object o n a t able. The f irst a nd t he t hird worshippers a re wearing kaunakes. T he s econd a nd t he f ourth worshippers a re wearing l ong garments w ith vertical panels c ontaining d iagonal l ines. Their h eadgear i s unclear. The o ne l ine i nscription i s u nclear. 2 2nd c B .C. A kkadian

3 2

6 2

6 4

6 5. M .6060. 1 9 x 1 0 mm. Marble. P erfect. S acrifice t o t he S itting God: Two worshippers w ith t heir h ands r aised i n greeting a re approaching a deity s itting o n a t hrone. The deity i s wearing a cap o f some k ind a nd a l ong garment w ith vertical p leats. H is hand i s a lso r aised i n g reeting. He i s s itting o n a c ubical t hrone with a concave s eat. T here i s a t ree between t he deity a nd t he f irst w orshipper. The s econd worshipper i s naked. Between t he two worshippers i s a n a nkh p lanted o n a wedge. Two cuneiform s igns read: b i-bi. 2 2nd c B .C. Akkadian w ith Syrian I nfluence o r v ice-versa 6 6. M .4554. 1 8 x 9 mm. S teatite. P erfect. S acrifice t o t he S itting God: Two worshippers approach a deity s itting o n h is t hrone. T he deity's h and i s r aised. The f irst worshipper, a woman, h as o ne a rm r aised. Her other hand i s r esting o n her h ip. The detail i s u nclear. An i nscription r eads: d ingir ba-ba DN. 2 2nd c B .C. Gutian 6 7. M .4530. 1 8 x 1 0 mm. Serpentine. P erfect. Sacrifice to t he S itting God: Two worshippers w ith o ne a rm r aised a re approaching a deity s itting o n a t hrone who a lso has one a rm raised. T hey a re a ll wearing l ong garments w ith two r ows of f ringe o n t he bottom. 2 2nd c B .C. Gutian 6 8. M .6358. 1 4 x 8 mm. S erpentine. P erfect. 1 946 Worshippers a t t he " Tree of L ife": There i s a " tree o f l ife" between t wo worshippers. Both worshippers h ave o ne hand r aised a nd o ne hand o n t heir h ip. They a re both wearing l ong garments w ith vertical p leats. Their heads a re unclear. There i s a small a nimal between t he t ree a nd t he worshipper o n t he r ight. 2 1st c B .C. Gutian 6 9. M .4642. 1 7 x 8 mm. Crystal. S ome D amage. 1 960 S acrifice t o t he S tanding God: There i s a n a nkh behind a god. The god i s wearing a pointed helmet w ith two horns a nd a s hort s kirt. He a lso has l ong h air a nd a beard. O ne arm i s r aised b ehind h im. I n f ront o f h im h e i s h olding up a c lub-like weapon. A lso i n f ront o f h im i s a worshipper. They are s eparated by a s tar. The worshipper i s wearing a round cap w ith a brim a nd a l ong garment. H e a lso h as a beard a nd h is h ands a re r aised a s i f i n p rayer. He i s back-to-back w ith a s econd worshipper who h as l ong h air a nd a very l ong beard. H e i s wearing a l ong garment and h is h ands are r aised i n prayer. H e i s f acing a s econd deity. They are s eparated by a j ar. The deity i s wearing a h eaddress l ike t hat of t he f irst, h as a beard a nd i s wearing a l ong garment. H is a rms a re a lso r aised. The f irst deity and t he s econd worshipper are s imilar to f igures f ound on t he s tele o f Terqa. 2 1st c B .C. Gutian w ith E gyptian I nfluence

3 4

6 6

6 8

7 0. M .4566. 2 2 x 1 3 mm. H ematite. Some Damage. 1 949 S acrifice to t he S itting God: Three h uman f igures a re approaching a deity s itting o n a backless t hrone. A ll a re wearing kaunakes. There i s a s mall object - possibly a b ird n ext to t he f irst f igure. The s econd f igure may be a priestess, b ut i t i s unclear. A small man i s between t he s econd a nd t he t hird f igure. The kaunakes o f t he t hird f igure a nd t he deity i s worn over t he s houlder. The deity appears t o be h olding a mace i n h is h and. 2 1st c B .C. Ur I II 7 1. M .4572. 3 4 x 1 8 mm. S hell. S ome D amage. 1 949 S acrifice to t he S itting God: Two worshippers a re approaching a deity s itting o n h is t hrone. The worshipper n earest t he deity a nd t he deity h ave a n a rm r aised i n greeting. Between t hem i s a c rescent. The deity i s wearing a s imple horned crown. He i s s itting o n a c ubical chair w ith a concave s eat. Other details a re unclear a s t he s eal i s damaged. 2 1st c B .C. Ur I II 7 2. M .4585. 3 9 x 2 2 mm. S hell. Worn. S acrifice to the S itting God: A deity s itting on a t hrone has h is a rm wearing kaunakes. He i s being approached f igures. All of t he f igures a re unclear. 2 1st c B .C. Ur I II

3 6

r aised. H e i s by t hree h uman

7 3. M .6392. 3 7 x 2 4 mm. S tone w ith r ed c olor. P erfect. 1 949 S acrifice t o t he S itting God: A deity i s s itting o n a l arge b ackless f our-legged s tool t hat i s s itting upon a p latform. H e a ppears t o b e w earing a h orned-crown a nd k aunakes. H e h as o ne a rm r aised i n f ront o f h im. I n f ront o f h im i s a l arge s un-disk w ith c rescent. B elow t he s un-disk a re two l arge vases c ontaining p lants. B ehind t he two vases a re two women w earing k aunakes. T he f irst woman i s pouring w ater o ut o f a s mall v essel o nto t he f irst p lant. T he s econd woman h as h er h and r aised i n g reeting a nd s he i s wearing a s imple h orned c rown. B ehind h er i s a t all p ine t ree b etween two mountains. 2 1st c B .C. U r I II 7 4. M .6402. 2 0 x 8 mm. H ematite. P erfect. S acrifice t o t he S tanding God: Two men a re approaching a deity. T he f irst i s w earing a pointed c ap a nd k aunakes. H e i s c arrying a t iny g azelle. Between h im a nd t he s econd man i s a s mall mountain r endered a s a s tack o f g lobes. T he s econd man i s u nclear e xcept f or t he l ower portion o f h is d ress w hich a ppears t o b e S yrian s tyle. T he deity i s wearing a l ong g arment o f v ertical p leats w ith a s ash a t t he waist. H e h as o ne l eg e xtended i n f ront o f h im a nd h e i s h olding a s tandard i n f ront o f h im. T he s tandard i s u nclear, b ut appears t o be a c rescent a nd a s un-disk. B ehind h im i s a s tar n ext t o a s taff o r s pear, a nd a bove t his i s a n o bject r esembling a pomegranite. 2 1st c B .C. U r I II 7 5. M .6390. 3 7 x 1 1 mm. S erpentine. P erfect. 1 948 S acrifice t o t he S itting God: T here a re two h orizontal r egisters s eparated by t hree h orizontal l ines. T he t hemes o f both r egisters, h owever a re c onnected. I n t he l ower r egister a k ing i s s itting o n a s imple l ow-backed c hair. H e h as a b eard a nd h e i s wearing a r ound c ap a nd a l ong garment w ith a l arge mantle a nd t rim a t t he bottom. H is h and i s r aised i n g reeting t o two m en w ho a re d ressed i n a s imilar f ashion t o h imself. T he f irst man h as h is h and e xtended t o t he k ing. A bove h is a rm i s a s tar. T he s econd man i s c arrying a g ift i n a s mall b asket. B ehind h im i s a palm t ree w ith dates. T here i s a t iny mountain o n e ach s ide o f t he t ree. T he upper r egister s hows t he s ame k ing f rom t he l ower r egister b eing l ed t oward a god s itting o n a t hrone. The god i s b earded a nd h e i s w earing a p ointed h eaddress w ith t wo h orns a nd k aunakes. H e h as h is h and r aised i n g reeting. T he d eity's t hrone i s m ore c omplex t han t hat o f a k ing w ith more l egs a nd c ross-bars, p erhaps r esembling a woollen c over. A bove h is h and i s a c rescent. T he two deities l eading t he k ing a re w earing l ong garments w ith v ertical p leats a nd h orned c rowns. B etween t hem i s a f ree-standing s pear w ith a l ong b lade. T he o ne n earest t he s eated god h as h is a rm e xtended. T he s econd deity who i s l eading t he k ing f rom t he l ower r egister h as h is o ther a rm c rossed i n f ront o f h im. 2 1st c B .C. U r I II

3 8

7 4

7 6

7 6. M .6342. 2 3 x 1 2 mm. H ematite. P erfect. 1 949 D ivine S cene: The n aked h ero, G ilgamesh a nd t he b ull-man, E nkidu a re s tanding w ith t heir a rms r aised t o e ach o ther. B elow t heir a rms i s a small o bject o f u ncertain i dentity. Next, two worshippers w ith t heir h ands r aised i n p rayer a re approaching t he god S hamash. T he f irst worshipper i s wearing kaunakes a nd t he s econd i s w earing a l ong garment w ith f ringe. S hamash i s wearing a p ointed c rown a nd a l ong garment w ith v ertical p leats. T here a re r ays o f l ight emanating f rom h is s houlders, o ne o f h is l egs i s r aised, a nd h e i s h olding up a l arge s pear w ith a l ong c ord a ttached. W ith h is o ther a rm h e appears t o b e r esting o n a s taff. 2 0th c B .C. I sin-Larsa

4 0

7 7. M .6351. 2 0 x 1 1 mm. B lack F lint. P erfect. 1 959 S acrifice t o K ing: A k ing i s s itting o n a l ow-backed t hrone. H e i s b earded, a nd wearing a r ound c ap a nd l ong k aunakes f astened o ver h is s houlder. A bove h is r aised h and i s a c rescent. H e i s b eing approached by t hree men who a re a ll u nclear. T he f irst man i s f acing t he k ing. T he s econd man i s f acing t he t hird man who i s h olding two f ans. B etween t hem i s a t iny man a nd a s pear. 2 0th c B .C. I sin-Larsa 7 8. M .6039. 3 0 x 1 1 mm. B lack F lint. P erfect. 1 980 Worshippers a t t he " Tree o f L ife": A deity o n h is t hrone i s approached b y a man. B oth h ave o ne a rm r aised i n g reeting. B etween t hem i s a t iny man a nd a s pear. 2 0th c B .C. I sin-Larsa 7 9. M .4561. 3 0 x 1 8 mm. S teatite. P erfect. 1 948 S acrifice t o t he S itting God: Four worshippers a re a pproaching a d eity s itting o n a t hrone. B etween t he deity a nd t he f irst worshipper i s a small man b eneath a c ircle w ith a point i n t he c enter. T he worshipper h as h is h ands j oined i n f ront o f h im. H e i s wearing a r ound c ap a nd a l ong garment w ith v ertical p leats f astened over o ne s houlder. B ehind h im i s a n upside d own monkey. T he n ext two worshippers a re w earing k aunakes. T he f irst h as two h ands r aised i n p rayer. T he n ext h as o ne a rm r aised i n g reeting. T he f inal worshipper i s w earing a l ong garment. B ehind h im i s a f ree-standing s pear. T he deity h as o ne a rm r aised i n g reeting. H e i s wearing a r ound c ap a nd l ong garment w ith v ertical p leats. 2 0th c B .C. I sin-Larsa 8 0. M .6365. 2 7 x 1 4 mm. G reen S tone. P erfect. 1 952 S acrifice t o t he S itting God: A worshipper c arrying a goat i s a pproaching a d eity s itting o n h is t hrone. Both t he t hrone a nd t he worshipper a re o n a p latform. B etween t hem i s a s un-disk a nd a c rescent. T he worshipper a nd t he d eity a re wearing c onical h eaddresses a nd l ong garments. T he worshipper's g arment h as v ertical p leats. T he deity h as o ne a rm e xtended. H e i s s itting o n a c ushioned s eat w ith f our l egs. B ehind h is h ead i s a s mall object, possibly a b ird o r a s tar. B elow t his i s a v ases haped a ltar. B ehind t his i s a p riestess wearing a c onical h eaddress a nd kaunakes. H er h ands a re r aised i n p rayer. T here i s a n empty f ield, p robably f or a n i nscription. 2 0th c B .C. I sin-Larsa

4 2

8 0

8 1. M .6367. 2 0 x 1 0 mm. Hematite. S acrifice to t he S tanding God:

P erfect.

1 959

The warrior god Amurru i s being approached by a p riestess. Between t hem i s a s un-disk and a c rescent. The deity h as h is arm c rossed i n f ront o f h im. H e i s bearded a nd h e i s wearing a round cap w ith a brim and a s hort w rap g arment. There i s a s tick o r a sword a t h is s ide. The p riestess h er h ands r aised i n prayer. She i s wearing a pointed and l ong kaunakes. The t hree l ine i nscription r eads f ollows:

h as c ap a s

D inger bu-n -ne a l-lu-ha-ap-pu na?-ra=am-dingir-Utu 1 9th

c B .C.

OB

8 2. M .6087. 1 9 x 9 mm. Hematite. Lower D amage. 1 980 S acrifice to t he S tanding God: A priestess w ith h er h ands raised i n p rayer i s f acing t he warrior god Amurru who h as h is a rm c rossed i n f ront o f h im. They are both wearing pointed caps. Amurru's garment i s s hort. The p riestess i s wearing kaunakes. The two-line i nscription r eads a s f ollows: I R d ingir i R d ingir

Nanna s a-am-si-dingir

An empty f ield 1 8th c B .C. OB

s uggests

i äkur

t hat

t he

s eal

i s

unfinished.

8 3. M .6326. 2 8 x 1 4 mm. H ematite. Perfect. 1 949 Sacrifice t o t he S tanding God: The warrior god Amurru i s s tanding w ith h is a rm c rossed i n f ront of h im. He i s bearded. He i s wearing a r ound cap a nd a s hort wrap garment w ith t rim t hat i s j oined over t he s houlder. Behind h im i s probably a k ing w ith o ne a rm r aised a s t hough h e i s going t o t ap t he god o n t he s houlder. The k ing i s wearing a pointed helmet a nd a . l ong garment w ith a panel i n t he m iddle. A priestess w ith h er a rms r aised i n prayer i s f acing t he god. She i s wearing kaunakes a nd a h igh conical h eaddress. Behind h er i s a b lank f ield, probably f or a c uneiform i nscription. 1 8th c B .C. OB 8 4. M .4563. 2 5 x 1 2 mm. Hematite. Some Damage. 1 949 D ivine S cene: There are t hree h uman f igures which a re l argely u nclear. The f irst i s holding a s taff w ith two t hunderbolts a nd h e i s probably t he god Hadad. H is headdress i s h igh a nd h is garment i s l ong. T he s econd f igure i s u nclear, t hough i ts f orm s uggests a p riestess. The t hird f igure i s wearing a pointed h eaddress a nd a s hort garment. O ne a rm i s c rossed i n f ront o f h im which s uggests Amurru. T he t hree l ine i nscription i s l argely u nclear. The o nly r eadable s igns a re a s

f ollows:

D ingir dumu? ga-lu 1 8th

c B .C.

OB

8 4

8 5. M .6354. 2 3 x 1 2 mm. S teatite. P erfect. S acrifice t o t he S tanding God: The warrior god Amurru i s s tanding w ith h is a rm c rossed i n f ront o f h im. He i s wearing a r ound c ap a nd a s hort f ringed garment. He i s f acing a deity who i s w earing a l ong g arment which i s open i n t he m iddle. This s econd deity i s l eaning o n h is s taff. Behind Amurru i s a k ing wearing a r ound c ap a nd a l ong garment. H is h ands a re r aised i n p rayer. T he o ne l ine i nscription r eads: d ingir 1 8th

Utu.

c B .C.

OB

8 6. M .1006. 2 8 x 1 6 mm. B lack F lint. S acrifice t o t he S tanding God: There a re t hree deities. The o ne i n

P erfect. t he

1 949

center

i s

Amurru.

He h as h is a rm crossed i n f ront o f h im. H e i s wearing a s hort garment w ith vertical pleats. A ll t hree deities a re wearing pointed h eaddresses. I n f ront o f Amurru i s a s mall man and a d ivine s tandard s itting o n a b ipod w ith a c rescent o n t he top. The deity o n t he r ight i s wearing a l ong, s traight garment w ith vertical p leats. H is a rm i s l owered i n f ront o f h im. Behind Amurru i s a spear a nd a s tar. The deity o n t he l eft i s wearing a l ong garment w ith f ringe. There i s a n empty f ield f or a n i nscription. 1 8th c B .C. OB 8 7. M .4539. 2 3 x 1 1 mm. Hematite. Perfect. 1 956 Sacrifice t o t he S tanding God: Amurru t he warrior god i s s tanding w ith one a rm c rossed i n f ront o f h im. He i s wearing a pointed h eaddress and a s hort garment. A priestess w ith h er hands r aised i n prayer i s f acing h im. S he i s wearing a pointed h at a nd kaunakes. Between t hem are two small naked I shtars w ith t heir h ands t o t heir breasts. They a re p laced o ne o n top o f t he o ther w ith t he l ower o ne placed upside down. The t hree l ine i nscription r eads a s f ollows: I a-bi-ti-nu-um PN DUMU h u-ga-ni I R d ingir mar tu 1 8th

c B .C.

OB

8 8. M .6085. 1 9 x 1 9 mm. Hematite. Upper Damage. 1 980 D ivine Scene: The warrior god Amurru i s s tanding between t he g oddess I shtar on t he l eft a nd a nother deity o n t he r ight. I shtar i s s tanding naked w ith h er h ands h eld t o h er b reast. A murru h as h is hand c rossed i n f ront o f h im. H e i s wearing a r ound cap w ith a brim. Both male deities a re wearing garments w ith s traight, vertical pleats a nd f astened w ith s houlder s traps. Amurru's garment i s s hort, t he o ther's i s l ong. The two l ine i nscription r eads a s f ollows: d ingir d ingir 1 8th

am-mar tu a g-ra-tum

c B .C.

OB

4 6

8 7

8 8

8 9. M .1031. 1 6 x 8 mm. H ematite. Worn. 1 961 S acrifice to t he S tanding God: T he warrior god Amurru i s i n h is s tance, b ut h is f eatures a re unclear. I shtar i s i n a f rontal s tance. The l ance o f Marduk i s l ocated n ext t o I shtar. This i s f ollowed by a dwarf i n a f rontal s tance w ith h is g enitals c learly marked. F inally, t here i s a d ivine emblem c onsisting of a c rescent o n a s taff which i s f ree-standing o n a t ripod. 1 8th c B .C. OB 9 0. M .6321. 2 7 x 1 6 mm. Hematite. P erfect, but Doubtful. 1 946 S acrifice to t he S tanding God: A k ing i s s tanding between I shtar a nd S hamash w ith h is h ands r aised i n prayer t oward S hamash. The k ing i s wearing a pointed hat and a l ong garment which i s open i n t he m iddle. Shamash i s s tanding w ith h is arm c rossed i n f ront o f h im. The other a rm i s h olding a s aw. H is exposed l eg i s s tepping on a mountain. He i s wearing a pointed cap w ith a brim and a l ong garment w ith vertical pleats. I shtar i s n aked a nd holding h er h ands t o h er b reast. A t hree l ine f ield h as been prepared f or a ny name t hat t he purchaser may want t o add. The f irst l ine has been l eft empty. A " Dumu" s ign i s on t he s econd l ine, and a warad s ign i s o n t he t hird. 1 8th c B .C. OB 9 1. M .6331. 2 4 x 1 2 mm. H ematite. P erfect. 1 959 S acrifice to the S tanding God: Two worshippers a re approaching S hamash. Between t he worshippers i s a s un-disk a nd a vase-shaped a ltar. The f irst worshipper has h is a rms r aised i n prayer. H e i s wearing a horned cap a nd kaunakes. The second worshipper h as o ne arm raised i n greeting. H e i s wearing a l ong garment w ith f ringe a nd a mantle. S hamash h as o ne exposed l eg r aised to s tep o n a mountain. H e i s wearing a h orned c rown a nd a l ong garment w ith vertical pleats f astened by s houlder s traps. He i s holding a h orned s tandard w ith a b ipod up i n f ront o f h im. 1 8th c B .C. OB 9 2. M .6322. 1 9 x 9 mm. S teatite. P erfect. 1 946 S acrifice to t he S tanding God: T here a re t hree s tanding deities. T he one o n t he l eft h as o ne a rm r aised. He i s wearing kaunakes. Between h im a nd t he m iddle deity i s a c rook. The deity i n t he m iddle i s wearing a l ong wrap garment w ith t rim i n t he Syrian s tyle. The deity on t he r ight i s wearing a l ong garment w ith v ertical p leats i n t he Cappadocian s tyle. O ne o f h is l egs i s e xposed. 1 8th c B .C.

OB

4 8

9

9 3. M .6348. 2 7 x 1 3 mm. H ematite. P erfect. 1 955 S acrifice t o t he S tanding God: Two worshippers a re a pproaching S hamash. S hamash i s w earing a l ong garment w ith s traight vertical p leats a nd f astened by s houlder s traps. H is l eg i s e xtended f rom b eneath t he garment a nd h e i s s tepping o n a mountain. H e i s h olding a s tandard up i n f ront o f h im w ith a t rident o n i t. T here a re r ays o f l ight emanating f rom h is s houlder. N ear h is h ead i s a small a nimal r esembling a n a rmadillo. T he f irst worshipper i s wearing a small pointed c ap w ith a n u pturned b rim a nd l ong k aunakes. H e i s h olding h is h ands t o h is b reast. T he s econd worshipper, a w oman, i s w earing a pointed h eaddress a nd l ong k aunakes. S he h as h er h ands r aised i n p rayer. B etween t he two w orshippers i s a f ish. T he two l ine i nscription r eads a s f ollows: d ingir d ingir 1 7th

n in-si4-an-na k ab-ta

c B .C.

O B

9 4. M .6319. 2 4 x 1 0 mm. H ematite. P erfect. 1 969 S acrifice t o t he S tanding God: Two men a re f acing a god, possibly S hamash. T he f irst man h as h is a rms r aised a s i f i n p rayer. H e i s w earing a h orned c rown a nd k aunakes. T he s econd man h as o ne a rm r aised i n f ront o f h im. H e i s w earing a r ound c ap a nd a l ong K assite s tyle garment w ith h orizontal p leats. T he d eity h as o ne a rm c rossed i n f ront o f h im a nd o ne l eg i s r aised. H e i s wearing a pointed h eaddress w ith upturned b rim a nd a l ong garment w ith h orizontal p leats. 1 8th c B .C. OB 9 5. M .6332. 2 5 x 1 2 mm. H ematite. P erfect. 1 959 S acrifice t o Various D eities: A k ing i s approaching a god. T he k ing i s w earing a l ong garment w ith a l ine o f dots down t he f ront a nd a r ound c ap w ith a b rim. H is h ands a re r aised i n p rayer. T he g od i s wearing a pointed c rown w ith a small b all o r k nob o n t he f ront a nd t he b ack, a nd kaunakes s tyle c lothing. H e i s h olding up a mace i n f ront o f h im, a nd a whip b ehind h im a t h is s ide. T here i s a s un-disk between t he k ing a nd t he god. B ehind t he god i s a p riestess w earing a pointed c rown l ike t hat o f t he d eity a nd k aunakes. H er a rms a re r aised i n p rayer. Next, i s a n aked h ero w ith a b eard. F inally, t here i s t he god S hamash wearing a s hort w rap s kirt. H e i s h olding a s aw up i n f ront o f h im a nd h e i s s tepping o n a mountain. A bove t he s aw i s a t iny s itting c amel. 1 8th c B .C. O B 9 6. M .6335. 2 1 x 9 mm. H ematite. P erfect. S acrifice t o t he S tanding God: Two worshippers w earing l ong garments a re f acing a god, p robably H adad. T he god i s w earing a l ong s kirt w ith v ertical p leats. T he s kirt i s partially d rawn a side s o t hat h is l eg i s e xposed. T here i s a s ickle-sword a t h is s ide a nd h e i s h olding a s pear w ith a t wo-pronged t hunderbolt. B ehind t he deity i s a s mall man, a nd a q uadruped a rranged v ertically. 1 7th c B .C. O B w ith S yrian i nfluence

5 0

9 4

9 5 ‘ Tr ee llN 4

9 6

9 7. M .6086. 2 9 x 1 4 mm. S teatite. D oubtful. 1 980 S acrifice t o t he S tanding God: T here i s o ne, maybe two h uman f igures. T he f irst m ay b e a p riestess. I t i s wearing kaunakes a nd i ts h ands a re r aised i n p rayer. T he o nly e vidence f or t he o ther i s what a ppears t o be a garment h em o n t he o ther s ide o f t he t hree l ine i nscription w hich r eads a s f ollows: a -pil-dingir s i-en P N D umu I R-dingir IR dingir An -mar -tu A l arge b lank a rea 1 7th c B .C. O B

s uggests

t hat

t he s eal

i s

u nfinished.

9 8. M .6349. 2 4 x 1 3 mm. H ematite. Doubtful. 1 955 S acrifice t o t he S itting God: Two worshippers a re a pproaching a d eity s itting o n h is t hrone. T he deity's h and i s r aised. A bove h is h and i s a s un-disk a nd a c rescent. B ehind h im a re t wo s tars. T he f irst worshipper i s wearing a l ong g arment a nd h as h is h ands j oined i n f ront o f h im. T he s econd w orshipper i s a p riestess w ith h er h ands r aised i n t he a ir. T he d etail i s u nclear, b ut t his t ype o f p riestess i s u sually w earing kaunakes. Between t he two worshippers i s a s mall m an. A f ield c ontaining a two l ine i nscription i s b eing b orn o n t he back o f a q uadruped, p robably a l ion o r a b ull. I n f ront o f t he a nimal's h ead i s a s tar. T he two l ine i nscription r eads a s f ollows: D ingir-Utu D ingir-ia 1 7th

c B .C.

Kassite?

9 9. M .6320. 2 8 x 1 4 mm. S erpentine? P erfect. 1 969 S acrifice t o t he S itting God: T here i s a n ox s tanding o r j umping o n i ts h ind l egs. N ext, i s a man a nd a woman w hose h ands a re j oined. T he woman's o ther h and i s r aised i n f ront o f h er. T hey a re f acing a deity o n h is t hrone. B etween t he woman a nd t he d eity i s a c rescent. T he d eity a lso h as o ne a rm r aised i n f ront o f h im. A ll t hree a re wearing l ong garments. 1 8th c B .C. O B 1 00. M .6325. 3 0 x 1 7 mm. S erpentine. P erfect, b ut U nfinished. 1 949 Two P riestesses: T his s eal i s u nfinished. Two p riestesses a re f acing e ach o ther, b ut t here i s a l arge b lank s pace between t hem. T heir a rms a re r aised i n worship. T hey a re w earing p ointed s hoes, kaunakes, h igh c onical h eaddresses, a nd t hey h ave t heir h air a rranged b ehind t hem. 1 8th c B .C. OB

5 2

1 00

1 01. M .6081. 1 9 x 1 1 mm. Hematite. Upper Damage. 1 980 Sacrifice t o t he S itting God: A deity wearing kaunakes i s s itting o n a t hrone w ith o ne arm r aised. Above h is a rm i s a s un-disk a nd a c rescent. He i s being approached by two men, e ach wearing wrap s kirts w ith t heir f ront l egs exposed. The f irst man i s carrying a small gazelle. Below t he gazelle i s a j ar. I n f ront o f t he gazelle's h ead i s a small s tar. Between t he two men i s a pair o f c rossed a nimals, probably goats. Above t hem i s a small globe o r s tar. Above t his appears t o be t he l eg o f another a nimal which a long w ith t he upper t orso o f t he second man a nd t he h ead o f t he k ing i s m issing d ue to damage. 1 8th c B .C. OB w ith A lalakh i nfluence 1 02. M .6088. 1 8 x 1 0 mm. Hematite. Upper Damage. 1 980 Sacrifice t o t he S tanding God: There a re t hree h uman f igures whose h eads a re m issing due to damage. The f igure o n t he l eft which may be naked i s holding a vessel up i n f ront o f h im a nd a l ock a t h is s ide. The m iddle f igure i s wearing a l ong garment and pouring water out o f a vase. The t hird f igure i s bearded a nd wearing a l ong garment w ith vertical p leats. One a rm i s crossed i n f ront o f h im. The other a rm i s l eaning o n a s taff or a spear. The t hree l ine i nscription r eads a s f ollows: [ el-dingir i §kur PN [ IR] § a-dingir i §kur 1 8th

c B .C.

OB

1 03. M .4602. 3 0 x 1 4. Hematite. Lower D amage a nd Doubtful. 1 947 S acrifice t o t he S tanding God: There a re t hree h uman f igures. The f irst i s a k ing wearing a conical c ap a nd a s hort garment. H e i s h olding a small vessel out i n f ront o f h im a nd a l ock a t h is s ide. T he m iddle f igure h as a n a nimal h ead. Whether i t i s t hat o f a b ird o r a l ion i s u nclear. He i s holding up a dagger b ehind h im. I n f ront o f h im i s a crescent a bove a s itting dog. T he f igure o n t he r ight h as one a rm c rossed i n f ront o f h im a nd appears t o be l eaning o n h is upside down s pear w ith t he other a rm. A q uadruped i s c arrying a f ield w ith a n i nscription dingir 1 8th

i dentical

to

t hat

i n

a-a

c B .C.

OB

5 4

no.

9 8:

1 01

1 02

1 04. M .6363. measurement not g iven. C rystal. Perfect, b ut Fake. Man a nd Cross: A man wearing a round cap a nd a l ong garment i s holding o ne arm up i n f ront o f h im. I n f ront o f h im i s a donkey a nd a dog. Above h is h ead i s a c ross. There a re s even l ines o f f ake i nscription. This s eal d iffers o nly i n s tyle f rom no. 1 05. 1 7th c B .C. Kassite 1 05. M .4532. 2 3 x 1 2 mm. Red F lint. B roken a nd Restored. 1 948 Man and Cross: A man wearing a r ound cap a nd a long garment i s holding o ne a rm up i n f ront o f h im. I n f ront o f h im i s a c ross. Below t his i s a donkey a nd a dog. There a re s even l ines of i nscription. 1 7th c B .C. Kassite

5 6

1 06. M .4562. 2 8 x 1 1 mm. S erpentine? Perfect, b ut F ake. 1 948 Worshippers at t he " Tree of L ife": Two h uman f igures are approaching a " tree o f l ife". B etween t hem i s a winged s un-disk, a f ish a nd a b ird. There i s a vertical border composed o f a s traight l ine w ith s hort connecng l ines on e ach s ide o f t he p icture. There a re t hree l ines o f f ake c uneiform i nscription. A horizontal l ine f rames t he s cene. 1 7th c B .C. Cappadocian 1 07. M .4704. 2 8 x 1 9 mm. A labaster. P erfect, b ut Fake. 1 946 S acrifice t o t he S tanding God: This s eal i s a f ake. The f our l ine i nscription does n ot make s ense. Two men w ith pointed h ats a nd l ong garments n otched w ith small dots a re f acing e ach other. T he o ne o n t he r ight i s holding up what l ooks l ike two i ntersecting r ectangles. Between t hem are s ix s tars. Behind t he f igure o n t he l eft i s a nother s tar. 1 7th c B .C. Cappadocian 1 08. M .4545. 3 3 x 2 0 mm. S erpentine. P erfect. 1 959 T hree Men w ith a Bull: A man w ith a s un-disk a bove h is h ead i s l eading a b ull. There i s a cage or an a ltar o n t he b ull's back. A man w ith a s taff i s behind t he bull. A t hird man i s s tanding u nder a n a rched doorway, possibly t hat o f a t emple. A ll t hree men a re wearing medium l ength garments. 1 7th c B .C. Cappadocian w ith A kkadian i nfluence 1 09. M .695. 1 8 x 8 mm. S teatite. P erfect. 1 973 Worshippers at t he " Tree of L ife" There i s a s acred palm t ree w ith a s taff w ith a c rook o n e ach s ide o f i t. Behind o ne staff i s A l ion. A n unclear geometric decoration i s above a nd b ehind t he l ion. Behind t he other s taff i s a man. 1 7th c B .C. Cappadocian

5 8

1 09

1 10. M .1932. 2 1 x 1 0 mm. S teatite. P erfect. 1 961 H unting S cene: T here i s a h uman f igure w ith both a rms r aised i n t he a ir. Next, a gazelle w ith a s tar a bove i t. T hen, a n o strich w ith a s tar a bove i t. F inally, t here i s a c rescent over a s tar, w ith a n a ltar b elow i t a nd a n u nclear o bject a t t he b ottom. 1 7th c B .C. C appadocian 1 11. M .4599. 2 0 x 1 2 mm. S teatite. P erfect. P rocession o f A nimals: T here i s a p rocession o f a nimals i ncluding a b ull w ith a s corpion a bove i ts b ack, a gazelle a nd a nother q uadruped, p robably a dog. 1 7th c B .C. c B .C. C appadocian 1 12. M .6363. 2 5 x 1 0 mm. S teatite. P erfect. 1 949 A nimal S cene: T his g roup o f a nimals i ncludes a s corpion a bove a l arge q uadruped r esembling a l ion. A bove t he l ion i s a b ird. B ehind t he l ion i s a f ish. T here i s a h orizontal b order o f t riangles a t t he t op a nd a h orizontal l ine f ollowed by a b order o f upside down t riangles a t t he bottom. 1 7th c B .C. C appadocian 1 13. M .6338. 2 0 x 1 0 mm. S teatite. P erfect. 1 948 H unting S cene: A h uman f igure whose f eatures a re u nclear h as o ne a rm r aised w ith a dagger i n i t a s i f p oised t o k ill t he r ather l arge g azelle s tanding i n f ront o f h im. T he g azelle's h ead i s pointed upward w ith i ts l ong a ntlers pointing t oward t he g round. A s econd f igure, p erhaps a deity, wearing a pointed h eaddress w ith two h orns s tands i n f ront o f a b ovine. The deity i s h olding a w eapon i n e ach h and. T he b ovine i s u nclear a nd i s perhaps s tanding o n i ts h ind l egs i n f ront o f a l adder. 1 7th c B .C. C appadocian

6 0

1 11

1 14. M .4653. 3 0 x 1 6 mm. S teatite. P erfect. D rinking S cene: A man i s s itting o n a s tool w ith c rossed l egs a nd h e i s d rinking f rom a v essel t hrough a l ong t ube. T he vessel a lso s its o n a small c ross-legged t able. A bove t he v essel i s a g lobe. Between t he man a nd t he vessel i s a g lobe i n a c ircle. Below t he t able i s what l ooks l ike a t hree-legged t able o r a n a bstract r endering o f a q uadruped. A bove t his i s a nother e ncircled g lobe, a nd above t his i s a n a rchitectural f eature, perhaps a n a ltar o r a t emple. Beside t he s upposed a ltar i s a s nake z ig zagging vertically. B eside t he s nake a re two more e ncircled g lobes. B eneath t he l ower g lobe i s a s tar. A horizontal l ine f rames t he p icture. 1 7th c B .C. Cappadocian 1 15. M .1020. 5 4 x 3 2 mm. Ceramic. P erfect, b ut Doubtful. S acrificial S cene: A h uman f igure i s s itting o n a h igh-backed t hrone w ith both a rms r aised. I n f ront o f h im i s a n a rchitectural r epresentation c onsisting o f a square o n t op o f a r ectangle w ith vertical l ines r unning t hrough e ach. Whether t his i s a n a ltar o r a doorway i s u nclear. Next, t here a re two h uman f igures who appear t o be e ngaged i n battle. T he f irst h as o ne f ist r aised a nd i s h olding o ut a s pear a t h is s ide. T he s econd appears t o be h olding a sword a bove h is s houlder, b ut a ll o f t his i s unclear. Between t hem i s a l arge q uadruped ( a s acrifice?) l ying o n i ts back. A bove t his i s a smaller q uadruped. F inally, t here i s a nother a rchitectural f eature, p robably a n a ltar. I t consists o f two squares. T he upper o ne h as a n X i n i t a nd t he l ower o ne c ontains a smaller s quare. 1 7th c B .C. Cappadocian 1 16. M .952. 5 0 x 3 1 mm. B lack S tone. S ome Damage. R eligious S cene: There i s a b ull c arrying a n a ltar o n i ts b ack t owards a s tructure - probably a t emple. A bove t he h ead o f t he b ull i s a small c reature, p robably a s corpion. Behind t he t emple i s a worshipper approaching a k ing s itting o n h is t hrone. E ach has o ne a rm r aised i n greeting. T here i s a s tar a nd a c rescent a bove t he a rm o f t he k ing. B ehind t he k ing a re two a ttendants. 1 7th c B .C. Cappadocian

6 2

1 17. M .4618. 2 6 x 1 4 mm. S erpentine. P erfect. S acrifice t o t he S itting G od: Two men a re approaching a deity o r k ing s eated o n a h ighbacked t hrone. T here i s a t ree h eld between t he o utstretched a rms o f t he two men a nd a nother t ree h eld b etween t he s econd man a nd t he k ing. A small p lant i s o n t he l eft o f t he f irst t ree, a nd a small dog i s o n i ts r ight. T he l egs o f t he deity appear t o b e t oo s mall t o r each t he g round. 1 7th c B .C. Cappadocian 1 18. M .4593. 2 3 x 1 1 mm. S erpentine. P erfect. 1 959 Man a nd A nimals: T here i s a t iny q uadruped whose i dentity i s a ltogether u nclear. Next, t here a re two gazelles - f emale a nd male. A bove t hem i s a l arge b ird a nd t he s even s tars o f t he P leiades. T hey a re approaching a man wearing a n E gyptian s tyle wrap s kirt. H e h as o ne a rm r aised a s i f t o p et t he g azelle. B elow h is a rm i s a small b ird. H is o ther h and i s o n h is h ip. A h orizontal l ine f rames t he p icture. 1 6th c B .C. C appadocian w ith E gyptian i nfluence 1 19. M .4613. 3 1 x 1 8 mm. C eramic. P erfect. F our H uman F igures Approaching a T ree: T here a re two h orizontal r egisters f ramed a nd s eparated by a r agged o r z ig-zag l ine. T he t op r egister s hows f our s tylized h uman f igures walking w ith o utstretched a rms t oward a " tree o f l ife". T he bottom r egister s hows s und isks o r f lowers a lternating w ith dots o r s tars. 1 6th c B .C. C appadocian

6 4

1 20. M .4600. 3 2 x 1 3 mm. S erpentine. B roken a nd R estored. 1 960 T ree a nd M en: T here i s a l arge t ree a nd a p rocession o f f our men, s ome o f who a re p robably p risoners. Between e ach m an i s a s mall p lant. T he f irst man h as o ne a rm r aised b ehind h im. T he n ext two m en h ave o ne a rm a t t heir s ides o n t he l eft a nd o ne a rm b ent upward o n t he r ight. T he f ourth man h as h is a rm o n t he l eft l owered a nd t he a rm o n t he r ight s tretched o ut i n f ront o f h im. T he f irst a nd t he f ourth man a ppear t o h ave t heir h ands j oined over t he t op o f t he t ree. 1 6th c B .C. C appadocian 1 21. M .959. 2 7 x 1 1 mm. S teatite. P erfect. 1 948 Men a nd A nimals: T here a re two h eadless m en w ith a n a ltar between t hem. T hen t here i s a n upside down man o n t op o f a q uadruped. B ehind t his a nd a bove t he h eadless men t here a re t wo more upside down q uadrupeds. T he m iddle q uadruped i s s mall. T he f irst o ne i s w inged. A h orizontal l ine f rames t he p ictures. 1 6th c B .C. C appadocian 1 22. M .4579. 3 7 x 1 2 mm. S teatite. P erfect. 1 949 S acrifice t o t he S itting K ing: Two p riests, p erhaps w izards a re f acing a k ing. T he f irst p riest i s s tanding o n a g riffin. H e h as o ne a rm up b ehind h im a nd h e i s h olding a s pear i n f ront o f h im. T he s econd p riest i s h olding o n t o t he s ame s pear. I n h is o ther h and h e i s h olding a s nake i n f ront o f h im n ear t he k ing. T he k ing i s s itting o n a h igh b acked t hrone a nd wearing a l ong garment w ith f ringe a t t he bottom. H is h elmet h as a w igl ike design. H e h as o ne a rm r aised i n f ront o f h im i n g reeting. T here i s a h uman h ead o n h is l ap. 1 6th c B .C. C appadocian

6 6

1 20

1 23. M .999. 1 7 x 1 0 mm. H ematite. P erfect. 1 948 O ffering t o t he K ing: A k ing i s s itting o n a l ow-backed t hrone. H e i s wearing a r ound cap a nd k aunakes. H e h as o ne a rm r aised i n f ront o f h im. Behind h im i s a man c arrying a small goat o r g azelle. T his man i s wearing a r ound c ap a nd a s hort garment w ith a p anel o f d iagonal p leats. I n f ront o f t he k ing a re two s mall men s tanding b ack-to-back. A bove t hem i s a b ull a nd a monkey. I n f ront o f a ll o f t his i s a p air o f l arge d oors. 1 6th c B .C. C appadocian 1 24. M .4668. 2 1 x 1 1 mm. S teatite. D amaged. 1 972 S acrifice t o t he S itting God: A t able o r a ltar w ith two vessels o n t op o f i t s its i n f ront o f a k ing. T he k ing i s s itting o n a t hrone. A h uman f igure h olding a n o bject which i s u nclear s tands behind t he k ing. T he k ing i s s itting o n a t hrone. A h uman f igure h olding a n o bject which i s u nclear s tands behind t he k ing. 1 6th c B .C. C appadocian 1 25. M .6333. 1 9 x 1 4 mm. H ematite. P erfect. S acrifice t o t he K ing: A k ing wearing a l ong garment i s s itting o n a l ow d ais. T he dais i s o n a p latform. A n a ttendant w ith o ne a rm r aised i s s tanding o n t he p latform b ehind t he k ing who h as a n o bject i n h is l ap. Two men a re a pproaching t he k ing. T hey a re s eparated by a c rescent c ombined w ith a s un-disk. T he f irst man i s wearing a r ound c ap l ike t hat o f t he k ing a nd h is a ttendant. H e i s a lso wearing a medium l ength s kirt o f t he S yrian s tyle. H is l eg i s e xtended f rom b eneath t he s kirt. T he s econd man i s wearing a medium l ength Cappadocian w rap s kirt a nd a r ound c ap w ith a n u pturned b rim. Behind t his i s a monkey a bove a goat s tanding o n i ts h ind l egs. Next t o t his i s a l ion s tanding o n i ts h ind l egs. 1 7th c B .C. Cappadocian 1 26. M .6395. 2 2 x 1 0 mm. S teatite. P erfect. 1 946 K ing a t B ull A ltar: T he depiction o f a worshipper a t a b ull a ltar i s t ypical o f t he C appadocian s tyle. A k ing w ith a l ong, s traight b eard i s s eated o n a s tool w ith c rossed l egs. H e i s d rinking f rom a small v essel t hrough a l ong t ube. H e i s wearing a r ound c ap which may o r may n ot h ave a h orn o n t op o f i t a nd a l ong kaunakes f astened over o ne s houlder. A bove t he drinking t ube i s a c rescent c ombined w ith a s un-disk. Between t he v essel a nd t he a ltar i s a s corpion s tanding o n i ts t ail. A bove t his i s what l ooks l ike a p alm-leaf o r a p ine t ree. Next, i s a b ull s tanding o n a n a ltar s upported by two l egs. What a ppear t o b e c olumns a re o n e ach s ide o f t he a ltar. 1 7th c B .C. C appadocian

6 8

1 23

1 27. M .4537. 1 8 x 8 mm. Steatite. P erfect. 1 956 S acrifice t o t he S itting God: There a re t hree worshippers i n f ront o f a s itting god. A ll o f t hem a re wearing l ong wrap a round garments. T heir h eads a re unclear. The god i s s itting o n a t hrone a nd d rinking f rom a j ar t hrough a l ong t ube. Above t he j ar i s a c rescent a nd a s un-disk. 1 7th c B .C. Cappadocian 1 28. M .6385. 2 0 x 1 0 mm. Ceramic. L ower Three Worshippers: Three worshippers w ith t heir l eft a rms l ong wrap a round garments. I n f ront o f a ltar. 1 7th c B .C. Cappadocian

Damage.

1 955

r aised a re wearing t he t hird o ne i s a n

1 29. M .4556. 1 6 x 1 0 mm. Hematite. P erfect, but Doubtful. 1 946 Falconer a nd Worshippers at t he " Tree o f L ife": A s acred p ine i s between two worshippers wearing l ong garments f astened over one s houlder. Above t he t ree i s a c rescent a nd a s un-disk. Next, i s a k ing w ith o ne a rm r aised. Behind h im, h e i s holding a f alcon i n h is h and. Beneath t he f alcon i s a small a nimal, probably a monkey. 1 7th c B .C. Cappadocian 1 30. M .6329. 1 5 x 7 mm. Steatite. P erfect. 1 949 Worshippers at t he " Tree o f L ife": The " tree o f l ife" i s p ictured w ith f our worshippers. one on t he l eft i s wearing a l ong garment. T he t hree on r ight a re wearing kaunakes. A ll a re wearing round caps h ave t heir hands r aised i n prayer. 1 7th c B .C. Cappadocian

The t he a nd

1 31. M .4588. 2 1 x 1 4 mm. S erpentine? P erfect. 1 948 S acrifice t o Shamash: There a re f our spears o r s taffs, possibly r epresenting Marduk. The f irst one i s s haped l ike a t rident. A bove t he t rident i s a c rescent, possibly r epresenting S in. The s econd spear has a point. The t hird i s t ree-like. T he f ourth h as a " paddle" at t he t op a nd a t t he bottom. Next, t here a re t hree deities all wearing pointed helmets w ith two horns a nd l ong garments. The f irst h as one a rm r aised up i n f ront o f h im. The n ext one h as h is arm extended o utward. The t hird o ne i s S hamash. H e i s s tanding between two mountains a nd h e i s holding a s aw i n o ne h and. 2 1st or 1 7th c B .C. Gutian o r Cappadocian ( Author Uncertain)

7 0

1 28

1 29

1 32. M .6076. 1 8 x 1 0 mm. S teatite . P erfect. 1 980 Man L eading a Group o f A nimals: A m an w ith a s taff i s l eading a gazelle a nd a b ull. T here i s a lso a b ird a bove t he b ull. A h orizontal l ine f rames t he p icture. 1 7th c B .C. Cappadocian 1 33. M .6070. 2 3 x 1 1 mm. S teatite. P erfect. 1 980 Two G azelles a t t he " Tree o f L ife": A s acred t ree, possibly a c ypress i s b etween t wo g azelles. 1 6th c B .C. Cappadocian 1 34.

M .4552.

2 3

x 1 1 mm.

S erpentine.

P erfect,

b ut Doubtful.

G roup o f A nimals: T his s eal i s poorly c ut. T he h orizontal r egister s hows a g azelle w ith a t ree b ehind i t. T he v ertical r egister s hows a g riffin n ext t o a n e agle. B elow t his i s a s phinx. N ext t o t he S phinx a re s ix dots o r s tars. 1 7th c B .C. C appadocian 1 35. M .6043. 2 2 x 1 2 mm. G rey S tone? P erfect. 1 980 Gazelle Following a Man: A man i n a l ong s kirt i s f acing a g azelle. T he s kirt doesn't c over h is e xposed r ight l eg. H is r ight a rm i s e xtended upward behind h im. A p ine t ree i s u nder t he h ead o f t he gazelle. A n a ssortment o f p lants i ncluding a p ine t ree i s behind t he gazelle. A h orizontal l ine f rames t he p icture. 1 6th c B .C. C appadocian 1 36. M .697. 1 8 x 8 mm. S teatite. P erfect. 1 973 L ion A ttacking B ull: T he h orizontal r egister s hows a man w hose f eatures a re u nclear h olding a c lub-like weapon a t h is s ide. Next t o h im i s a small t ree. T his i s f ollowed b y a l arge q uadruped b eing a ttacked by a l ion. A nother man w ith a s hort s kirt i s h olding t he l ion's t ail i n o ne h and a nd h e i s h olding a s pear v ertically behind h im i n h is o ther h and. A n arrow v ertical r egister s hows a c rescent w ith o ne s tar a bove i t a nd t hree s tars below i t. B elow t his i s a s corpion s tanding o n i ts t ail. A t t he bottom i s a small c hair o r a ltar. 1 6th c B .C. Cappadocian

7 2

1 33

1 34

1 37. M .4553. 2 6 x 1 7 mm. S teatite. P erfect. H uman and A nimal F igures: There i s a small b ird-like f igure n ear t he t op. Next t o t his i s a h uman f igure. Below t his i s a quadruped, p robably a bovine. This i s f ollowed by t he c lear i mage o f a t ree. T hen t here i s a s hort man holding a l ong spear. There i s a c hevron above h is h ead. F inally, t here a re two h uman f igures w ith a plant o r t ree between t hem. The s econd f igure i s possibly a h uman-headed a nimal. Most o f t he f igures a re unclear. 1 7th c B .C. Cappadocian 1 38. M .6323. 1 8 x 1 0 mm. Hematite. P erfect. 1 946 Man a nd A nimals: A l arge bovine s tanding upside down i s between two l ions who a re a ttacking i t. A man i s h olding t he t ail o f t he l ion on t he r ight. 1 7th c B .C. Cappadocian 1 39. M .6084. 1 9 x 1 0 mm. S teatite. P erfect. 1 980 Men w ith Spears: ach holding spears. Between There i s a t ree a nd two men e hat i s unclear. I t i s c rossed a nd t he two men i s something t r a n a rchitectural f eature. may be a w inged c reature o 1 7th c B .C. Cappadocian 1 40. M .4538. 2 1 x 9 mm. S teatite. Perfect. 1 956 Man a nd P lant Motif: There i s a c rescent and a l arge s un-disk above i t. Beneath i t i s a b ird. Next, i s a t ree being approached by a man, and a s econd t ree being approached by a s econd man. A horizontal l ine r uns across t he bottom. 1 7th c B .C. Cappadocian

7 4

1 39

1 41. M .6072. 2 0 x 1 0 mm. M an H unting G riffin:

S teatite.

U pper

D amage.

1 980

A n aked h ero w earing a r ound Cappadocian c ap i s h olding a l ong s pear vertically i n h is r ight h and. H is l eft l eg i s b ent o ut i n f ront o f h im w hile h is r ight l eg i s b ent b ehind h im. H e a ppears t o b e r unning which w ould b e n ecessary t o p rovide t he momentum t o h url h is s pear. I n f ront o f h im i s a g riffin a bove which i s a l eaping s tag o r g azelle. N ext t o t he a nimals i s a g od whose h ead i s d amaged. H e i s w earing a l ong garment w ith a p anel o f h orizontal p leats. O ne l eg i s r aised a nd b ent a t t he k nee i n t he m anner o f S hamash. 1 3th c B .C. Cappadocian 1 42. M .6040. 2 0 x 1 0 mm. C eramic. P erfect. 1 980 Two H eroes a nd E nemy: Two h uman f igures a re h olding s pears b ehind t hem v ertically i n t heir r ight h ands. I n f ront o f t hem i s a m an-like q uadruped ( ?) s tanding e rect. B ehind t his i s a c rude h uman f igure l aying o n i ts back w ith i ts l egs up i n t he a ir. 1 3th c B .C. Cappadocian 1 43. M .6353. 2 9 x 1 3 mm. H ematite. P erfect. 1 961 S acrifice t o t he S tanding God: T he god S hamash i s s tanding w ith o ne l eg e xtended t o a small mountain t op. H e i s h olding a l arge r ing o ut i n f ront o f h im. H is o ther h and i s o n h is b reast. H e i s bearded, a nd wearing a pointed h eaddress a nd a l ong g arment w ith v ertical p leats. B ehind h im i s a t iny man a nd a n a ttendant. T he t iny man i s wearing a r ound c ap a nd a s hort garment. He i s i n t he s tance o f t he warrior god Amurru. A bove h im i s a small z oomorph. T he a ttendant i s b earded, a nd wearing a r ound cap w ith a k nob o n i t a nd l ong k aunakes. I n f ront o f S hamash i s a k ing c arrying a goat. T he k ing i s b earded, a nd w earing a r ound c ap w ith a b rim a nd a l ong garment o pen i n t he m iddle t o r eveal h is l eg. Between t hem i s a s un-disk a nd a c rescent. Behind t he k ing i s a p riestess w ith h er h ands r aised i n p rayer. S he i s wearing a pointed c ap a nd k aunakes. Between t he k ing a nd t he p riestess i s a s mall z oomorph, p robably a b ird, a nd a v ase-shaped a ltar. B ehind h er i s t he warrior god Amurru. B etween t hem a re t he c uneiform s igns: D ingir-Utu. Amurru h as h is a rm c rossed i n f ront o f h im. He i s wearing a h igh c onical h eaddress a nd a s hort garment. T here i s a weapon a t h is s ide. B ehind h im i s a h uman h ead. 1 8th c B .C. O ld S yrian w ith M esopotamian i nfluence 1 44. M .6334. 2 5 x 1 0 mm. H ematite. P erfect. 1 946 S acrifice t o t he S tanding God: T here i s a h orizontal a nd a vertical r egister. I n t he h orizontal r egister t here i s a god i n t he warrior s tance o f Amurru w ith h is a rm c rossed i n f ront o f h im. H e i s w earing a r ound c ap w ith a b rim. A h uman f igure wearing kaunakes i s f acing h im. Between t hem i s a s tar r epresenting I shtar a bove a s pear r epresenting M arduk. I n t he vertical r egister t here i s a t op a nd a bottom border c omposed o f a t hree s trand g uilloche. T here a re two s cenes depicted. I n t he upper o ne a man i s p rotecting a n ox f rom a l ion. B oth t he o x a nd t he l ion a re s tanding o n t heir h ind l egs. I n t he bottom o ne, two l ions a re e ating a n o x w hich i s b etween t hem. 1 7th c B .C. O ld S yrian w ith Mesopotamian i nfluence 7 6

1 45. M .6350. 2 8 x 1 5 mm. H ematite. P erfect. 1 957 S acrifice t o t he S tanding God: T here i s a h orizontal a nd a v ertical r egister. I n t he h orizontal r egister t he god Amurru w ith h is a rm c rossed i n f ront o f h im f aces S hamash. S hamash i s wearing a p ointed h elmet w ith two h orns a nd k aunakes t hat a re f astened a t o ne s houlder. R ays o f l ight a re emanating f rom h is n eck. B etween t he two gods i s a w inged s un-disk a nd a small b ird r esembling a q uail. B ehind S hamash t here i s a k ing w earing a l ong g arment. The v ertical r egister s hows a b ull b eing a ttacked by a l ion, f ollowed by a s ingle s trand g uilloche w ith l eaves o n t he s trand. Next, i s a s corpion f ollowed by a n o x. 1 7th c B .C. O ld S yrian w ith M esopotamian i nfluence 1 46. M .6330. 2 6 x 1 3 mm. H ematite. P erfect. 1 955 E nkidu a nd G ilgamesh: A n aked G ilgamesh w ith a l ong, s traight beard i s h olding up a s laughtered b ull by i ts h ind l egs. Next, i s a k ing wearing a c ylindrical h eaddress a nd a l ong garment f astened a t o ne s houlder. E nkidu w ith a r ound c ap, a l ong, s traight b eard a nd a t ail i s h olding up a g azelle. A bove t he g azelle i s a t iny l ion. A deity w ith a c ylindrical h eaddress, a l ong, s traight b eard a nd a medium s kirt i s swinging two s ickle swords a t t he h ead o f a dwarf. O ne a rm i s down a nd t he o ther a rm i s r aised i n t he a ir. T he body o f t he dwarf wasn't c ompleted by t he s eal c arver. 1 7th c B .C. O ld S yrian w ith A kkadian i nfluence 1 47. M .6399. 1 7 x 1 0 mm. H ematite. P erfect. 1 949 S acrifice t o t he Gods: A man i s c arrying a n a nimal, p robably a s acrificial g oat o ver h is s houlder. I n f ront o f h im i s a nother man w earing S yrian s tyle c lothes. T hey a re f acing two d eities. T he f irst i s p robably H adad. H e i s s tanding o n t op o f a g oat a nd h olding a whip. H is o ther a rm i s r aised b ehind h im a nd h e i s w earing a h igh c onical h eaddress. Behind H adad i s a " water-man". H e i s n aked w ith l ong l ocks a nd a s tream o f water f lows o ut f rom e ach s ide o f h im. A s imilar f igure c an b e s een o n P late XXXIX o f F rankfort. 1 6th c B .C. O ld S yrian w ith A kkadian i nfluence 1 48. M .6017. 2 6 x 1 1 mm. B lack F lint. P erfect, b ut Doubtful. 1 980 Man F ighting L ion: A h uman f igure wearing a l ong s kirt s tands b ehind a nother h uman f igure wearing a s hort s kirt. T his s econd f igure a ppears t o b e f ighting a l ion which i s s tanding o n i ts h ind l egs. T he f eatures a re u nclear. 1 7th c B .C. O ld S yrian w ith A kkadian i nfluence

7 8

1 46

1 47

1 48

1 49. M .6362. 2 3 x 1 0 mm. H ematite. P erfect. S acrifice t o t he S itting God: T he h orizontal r egister s hows two g uards s tanding b ehind a d eity o n h is t hrone. E ach o f t he g uards i s h olding a l ong s pear v ertically i n h is r ight h and. T heir l eft a rms a re a t t heir s ides. The s econd g uard a ppears t o b e wearing a c onical h eaddress, a lthough t he h eads a nd upper bodies o f a ll t he figures a re u nclear. T he god a ppears t o b e s itting w ith h is a rms o n t he a rm r est o f h is t hrone. T he t hrone i s l ow-backed w ith t hree o f i ts f our l egs d epicted. A f ourth f igure i s bending o ver t he g od i n s upplication. A dog i s s itting b etween t he g od a nd t he s uppliant. A ll f our f igures a re c learly wearing l ong s kirts w ith v ertical p leats a nd t rim. T he vertical r egister s hows t wo dogs s tanding o ne a bove t he o ther. 1 8th c B .C. O ld S yrian 1 50. M .6080. 1 9 x 1 1 mm. H ematite. P erfect. 1 980 S acrifice t o t he S itting God: A d eity wearing a l ong garment w ith a c loak o ver h is s houlder a nd a n E gyptian s tyle c rown i s s itting o n a l owbacked E gyptian s tyle t hrone. H e i s h olding a v ase, r epresenting E a, w ith w ater f lowing f rom i t i n h is l ap. A bove t he vase i s a s un-disk. I n f ront o f t he d eity i s a n a ltar w ith a monkey o n i t. A bove t he monkey i s a c rescent a nd a s tar. Two men w earing l ong S yrian s tyle g arments a re a pproaching t he deity. T he f irst i s c arrying a n a xe. T he s econd i s wearing a r ound c ap w ith a b rim a nd h e i s c arrying a r abbit upside down. 1 6th c B .C. O ld S yrian w ith E gyptian i nfluence 1 51. M .961. 2 0 x 1 0 mm. H ematite. P erfect. 1 949 N aked M an a nd Two M agicians: T here i s a h orizontal r egister a nd a v ertical r egister. T he h orizontal r egister s hows a n aked man, p robably a k ing, s tanding w ith h is f orearms r aised a s i f i n s urprise. H e i s w earing a n E gyptian s tyle r ound c ap. Two men, a lso n aked a re f acing h im. E ach i s h olding a s nake up i n f ront o f h im. B eneath t he f irst s nake which i s s hort i s a l ibation j ar w ith two h andles. T he v ertical r egister s hows a s eated g azelle a t t he t op a nd a t t he bottom. Both a re f acing r ight. T hey a re s eparated by a t hree s trand g uilloche. 1 6th c B .C. O ld S yrian w ith E gyptian i nfluence 1 52. M .4528. 1 8 x 1 1 mm. H ematite. P erfect. 1 950 D ivine S cene: T here a re two r egisters. T he h orizontal r egister s hows t wo men w earing l ong garments. T hey a re f acing e ach o ther a nd e ach h as o ne h and r aised i n g reeting. B etween t hem i s a s mall man. Above t he small man i s a s tar. Behind t he m an o n t he r ight i s a w inged d eity. T he d eity i s w earing a h igh c onical h eaddress a nd a l ong s kirt t hat i s d rawn a side t o r eveal h is r aised l eg. H e h as o ne a rm r aised a bove h is l eg a nd h is o ther a rm i s a t h is s ide. B etween t he man a nd t he god i s a small f ish. T he vertical r egister s hows a

8 0

1 49

r abbit a t t he t op, a t hree a nd a b ird a t t he bottom. h orizontal l ines. 1 7th c B .C. O ld S yrian

s trand g uilloche A ll t hree a re

i n t he m iddle s eparated by

1 53. M .4601. 1 5 x 9 mm. H ematite. P erfect. 1 946 S acrifice t o t he S itting God: A deity s itting o n a t hrone i s h olding up a c rook i n f ront o f h im. H e i s being a pproached by t wo worshippers a lso c arrying c rooks. T he f irst worshipper i s v ery small. T he s econd worshipper i s wearing a S yrian s tyle mantle w ith f ringe. T here i s a r abbit beneath t he f eet o f t he deity. T here i s a bovine b etween t he d eity a nd t he f irst worshipper. Behind t he s econd worshipper i s a monkey, a l ion a nd a gazelle. 1 6th c B .C. O ld S yrian

8 2

1 54. M .6015. 2 0 x 9 mm. F lint. P erfect. Worshippers a t t he " Tree o f L ife":

1 980

A p ine " tree o f l ife" i s b etween two w orshippers. N ext, a d eity i n t he warrior s tance o f Amurru w ith h is a rm c rossed i n f ront o f h im f aces a nother deity s itting o n a h ighb acked t hrone. A h orizontal l ine f rames t he p icture. 2 1st c B .C. O ld S yrian 1 55. M .6063. 2 0 x 1 2 mm. S teatite. B roken. 1 980 S acrifice t o t he S tanding God: M ore t han h alf o f t his s eal i s m issing. T he g od B aal i s s tanding w ith h is upper a rms down a t e ach s ide. T hey a re b ent a t t he e lbow a nd t he f orearms a re p ointing upward. T he l eft a rm i s h olding a t hunderbolt. H e i s wearing a c onical h elmet w ith a h orn o n t he b ack a nd a s kirt w hich i s destroyed below t he waist. A k ing i s f acing h im. T he k ing i s wearing a r ectangular mantle w ith v ertical p leats a nd t rim a t t he bottom. T he mantle i s f astened a t o ne s houlder l eaving both a rms f ree. T he k ing i s n ot wearing a ny h eadgear. They a re s eparated by a w inged s un-disk. 1 7th c B .C. O ld S yrian 1 56. M .4612. 1 9 x 9 mm. S teatite. L ower D amage. 1 959 Worshippers a t t he " Tree o f L ife": T here a re two r egisters. T he h orizontal r egister s hows a p lant-like " tree o f l ife" w ith a w inged s un-disk a bove i t b etween two worshippers. T he worshippers a re w earing h igh c onical h eaddresses a nd a l arge s carf t hrown over o ne s houlder a nd a cross t he opposite h ip. E ach i s h olding a t all, t hin o bject o ut i n f ront o f h im which b ends t oward h is f ace n ear t he t op. What l ooks l ike a h ammer o r a n i ncense b urner o n a c hain h angs f rom t heir f orearms. T he v ertical r egister s hows two s itting l ions f acing e ach o ther. T he s cene b eneath t hem i s destroyed. A h orizontal l ine f rames t he p icture. 1 4th c B .C. A lalakh 1 57. M .6054. 1 4 x 8 mm. H ematite. Upper D amage. 1 980 S acrifice t o t he S itting God: T here a re two r egisters. T he h orizontal r egister s hows a g od s itting o n a l ow b acked c hair o r f ootstool. H e i s w earing a r ound c ap w ith a n upturned b rim a nd a l ong garment. H e i s being a pproached by a h uman f igure wearing a s hort s kirt a nd s tanding w ith h is l egs s pread a part. I ts upper body a nd f ace a re d amaged. T he vertical r egister s hows two b irds f acing e ach o ther. B elow t his a re two r abbits f acing e ach o ther. 1 6th c B .C. O ld S yrian 1 58. M .1021. 2 0 x 1 0 mm. S teatite. P erfect, b ut Doubtful. 1 959 W inged M en: T here a re two r egisters. T he h orizontal r egister s hows two w inged men w earing l ong garments a nd f acing e ach o ther. E ach h as o ne w ing r aised, a nd t he o ther w ing l owered. T here i s a f ish b elow t he r aised w ing o f t he man o n t he l eft. B elow h is l owered a rm i s a t iny t ree o r l eaf. T here i s a s tar below t he l owered w ing o f t he m an o n t he r ight. B etween t hem i s a n a rch, possibly r epresenting a n a ltar. A bove t he a rch i s a h uman h ead. Below t he a rch a re two more h eads. A ll o f t he h eads a re f acing l eft. T he vertical r egister s hows a g riffin f acing l eft. I n f ront o f t he g riffin i s a h and. Behind i t i s a s tar. A t hree s trand g uilloche s eparates i t f rom two r abbits a t t he bottom. 1 7th

c B .C.Old

S yrian

1 55

1 56

1 59. M .4654. 1 9 x 1 0 mm. H ematite. P erfect. 1 961 Man a nd A nimal S cene: T here a re two h orizontal r egisters a nd o ne v ertical r egister. T he upper h orizontal r egister s hows two s phinxes f acing e ach o ther. B etween t hem i s a p air o f h orns a bove a w inged s un-disk. T he l ower r egister s hows a gymnast b ent o ver b ackwards between two b irds. T he v ertical r egister c onsists o f a deer o r g azelle s itting a nd l ooking b ack o ver i ts s houlder. B eneath t his i s a n a nimal h ead, p erhaps t hat o f a donkey. 1 3th c B .C. Cypriote i nfluence 1 60. M .6055. 2 3 x 9 mm. S erpentine. P erfect. 1 980 G eometric Design: T his geometric design i s made up o f dots, s emi-circles, a ngles a nd vertical l ines. T here a re two " pine t ree" d esigns c onsisting o f two c hevrons i ntersected b y a v ertical l ine. T he l ower " tree" i s i nverted a nd both t rees a re s eparated by two dots w hich a re n ext t o e ach o ther. N ext, a n upper dot a nd a l ower dot a re s eparated by a s emic ircle c urved upward a nd a nother c urved downward r espectively. T he l eft e nd o f t he upper s emi-circle c onnects t o a l arge dot. F inally, a n upper a nd a l ower c hevron a re c onnected by a vertical b ar, a nd t he l ower c hevron i s connected t o a dot. A h orizontal l ine f rames t he p icture. 1 3th c B .C. U garitic 1 61. M .6343. 1 8 x 1 0 mm. H ematite. P erfect, b ut Doubtful. S acrifice t o t he S tanding God: T here a re two r egisters. T he h orizontal r egister s hows t he warrior god Amurru s tanding w ith o ne a rm c rossed i n f ront o f h im. H is o ther a rm i s p laced a t h is s ide b ehind h im a nd i t i s h olding a s ickle-sword. Amurru i s bearded a nd h e i s w earing a s hort w rap s kirt. A worshipper, p robably a k ing, i s s tanding i n f ront o f h im. T he k ing i s wearing a r ound c ap a nd a l ong garment. B etween t he deity a nd t he k ing i s a v ase-shaped a ltar. A bove t his i s a s un-disk. B ehind t he k ing i s a n a ttendant h olding a f an. B eneath h is b ent a rm i s a f ish. The a ttendant i s • w earing a s hort s kirt. T here i s a v ertical r egister c onsisting o f two q uadrupeds. T he u pper o ne i s small. T he l ower o ne i s l arge. 1 7th c B .C. O ld S yrian w ith H urrian i nfluence 1 62. M .6357. 2 6 x 1 5 mm. H ematite. P erfect. 1 946 S acrifice t o t he S tanding God: T here a re two r egisters. T he h orizontal r egister s hows t he warrior god Amurru s tanding w ith h is a rm c rossed i n f ront o f h im. Near h is h ead i s a s mall monkey. Next, i s a k ing wearing a l ong garment. H is h and i s r aised i n g reeting. A dwarf s tands between t he k ing a nd a h ero. T he h ero i s wearing a very s hort s kirt w ith s houlder s traps. H e i s h olding a small c rook o r s ickle-sword o ut i n f ront o f h im. T he v ertical r egister s hows two s phinxes f acing e ach o ther, t hen a t hree s trand g uilloche i n t he m iddle, a nd two l ions f acing p each o ther a t t he b ottom. 1 7th c B .C. O ld S yrian w ith M esopotamian 8 6

i nfluence

1 63. M .6339. 2 0 x 1 1 mm. H ematite. P erfect. 1 949 A ttacking a n E nemy: Two men a re s tanding e ach w ith o ne a rm r aised b ehind h im. Between t hem i s a n aked e nemy. T he m an o n t he r ight i s j ust s tanding t here. T he man o n t he l eft i s k icking t he e nemy a nd h itting h im w ith t he butt o f h is m ace. T hese t wo men a re wearing r ound c aps w ith b rims a nd m id-length g arments j oined i n t he m iddle. T here appears t o be a small a nimal h ead a nd a c rescent a bove t he n aked m an, b ut i t i s u nclear. Behind t he m an o n t he l eft i s t he warrior god Amurru a nd a n a rcher. T hey a re wearing c lothes s imilar t o t hose o f t he f irst two men. Amurru h as o ne a rm c rossed i n f ront o f h im a nd h e i s h olding a s tick a t h is s ide. T he a rcher h as h is bow s lung over h is s houlder a nd h e i s h olding a small object i n f ront o f h im. 1 8th c B .C. O ld S yrian w ith Mesopotamian i nfluence 1 64. M .6074. 2 3 x 1 4 mm. H ematite. D amaged. 1 980 S acrifice t o t he S tanding God: A goddess w ith a l ong E gyptian s tyle g arment i s h olding a small t ree o r s cepter i n h er h and. A small r abbit i s j umping t oward h er. Next, i s a man w earing a l ong g arment. T he n ext s ection i s b roken, b ut t he body o f a l ion i s r ecognizable. A pproaching t hem i s a n aked h ero w ith a l ance i n o ne h and a nd a s ickle-sword i n t he o ther. 1 6th c B .C. O ld S yrian w ith E gyptian i nfluence 1 65. M .6359. 2 4 x 1 4 mm. C eramic. Upper D amage. 1 947 S acrifice t o t he S itting God: Three men a re f acing a deity who i s s itting o n a l ow c hair. T he deity i s h olding up a s hort s taff o r sword i n f ront o f h im. A ll o f t he f igures a re wearing r ound c aps a nd l ong garments f astened w ith s houlder s traps. T he g arments h ave a panel w ith h orizontal l ines r unning a long t he n eckline a nd down t he c enter. I n f ront o f t he f irst m an i s a s hort man w ith a l ion a bove h im. I n f ront o f t he s econd man i s a monkey w ith a small q uadruped a bove i t. Between t he t hird man a nd t he d eity i s a vase-shaped a ltar. B ehind t he d eity a re t hree h uman h eads, o ne o n t op o f t he o ther w ith a s mall b ird a bove t he t hird h ead. 1 6th c B .C. O ld S yrian 1 66. M .4592. 2 3 x 1 2 mm. H ematite, dyed r ed. P erfect.1959 S acrifice t o t he S tanding God: T here a re t wo r egisters. T he h orizontal r egister s hows a w inged I shtar. S he i s n aked. T here i s a s corpion o n t he l eft o f h er a nd a f ish o n t he r ight. T he g od B aal i s approaching h er. H e i s wearing a pointed h at, a s hort s kirt a nd a beard. H e i s h olding up a n a xe i n f ront o f h im. B elow h is a rm i s a small a ltar. H e i s h olding up a mace b ehind h im a nd a s mall s ickle-sword i s dangling f rom h is upper a rm. B ehind B aal i s a f ish, a nd t hen a worshipper. T he worshipper i s wearing a h eaddress, a nd a l ong g arment w ith vertical p leats a nd a t unic. H e h as o ne a rm r aised i n g reeting. T he s mall v ertical r egister s hows a b ird f acing r ight

above

a t hree

s trand guilloche w ith

bottom f acing l eft. 1 4th c B .C. U garitic 8 8

a r abbit

a t

t he

1 64

1 67. M .6366. 2 5 x 1 1 mm. H ematite. P erfect. 1 959 S acrifice t o t he S tanding God: T hree worshippers a pproach a k ing. T he f irst two worshippers a re wearing k aunakes. T he t hird o ne i s w earing a l ong garment j oined a t o ne s houlder l eaving b oth a rms f ree. T he s econd two worshippers h ave o ne a rm r aised i n g reeting. T he k ing i s wearing a l ong g arment w hich i s o pen i n t he m iddle. A l ong t ail? o r s ickle-sword i s a t h is s ide. A ll f our f igures h ave s hort h air. B ehind t he k ing s tands a n aked I shtar. B ehind h er a re t hree s tars. A h orizontal l ine f rames t he p icture. 1 6th c B .C. O ld S yrian 1 68. M .1024. - H ematite. P erfect. S acrifice t o t he K ing a nd t o B aal: T here a re two h orizontal r egisters. T he upper r egister s hows a g od, p robably B aal, s tanding t all w ith o ne a rm r aised a nd h olding a l arge s pear i n t he o ther h and. H e i s w earing a r ound pointed h at a nd t here a ppears t o b e a s ickle-sword a t h is s ide. H e i s b eing approached b y f ive w orshippers. T he f irst two worshippers a re wearing k neel ength g arments a nd h igh c onical h eaddresses. T he s econd t wo worshippers a re wearing h igh pointed h eaddresses a nd k aunakes. A ll f our h ave t heir h ands r aised i n p rayer. T he f ifth worshipper i s u nclear, b ut h e h as h is a rms a t h is s ides. T he l ower r egister s hows a k ing s itting o n a l owb acked dais w ith f our l egs. H e h as h is a rm r aised i n g reeting. H e i s b eing approached by t hree small men w ho a re i dentical, e xcept t hat t he f irst h as h is a rm r aised i n g reeting. B ehind t hem a re two l arger men who h ave b oth o f t heir a rms r aised i n t he a ir. T hey a re f ollowed b y a s phinx. 1 5th c B .C. U garitic 1 69. M .6035. 2 1 x 9 mm. H ematite. S ome D amage. 1 980 S acrifice t o t he S tanding G od: A k ing wearing a h igh c onical h eaddress a nd a m antle a pproaches two deities wearing h orned c rowns. T he f irst deity i s b adly damaged, a nd o nly i ts h ead i s v isible. T he s econd deity i s h olding a s taff a nd m ay r epresent B aal. A h orizontal l ine f rames t he p icture. 1 3th c B .C. H ittite 1 70. M .4542. 1 6 x 1 0 mm. H ematite. P erfect. 1 959 I shtar S urrounded by P lant a nd A nimal M otif: I shtar i s wearing a mask o f H attur. S he i s n aked a nd h olding h er h ands t o h er b reast. T he r est o f t he s pace i s f illed by t hree v ertical r egisters. T he f irst s hows a b ird, a l ion a nd a gazelle, e ach o n t op o f t he o ther. Next, i s a palm t ree a t t he t op, a t hree s trand g uilloche i n t he m iddle a nd a r abbit a t t he bottom. F inally, t here i s a c heetah a bove a b ird n ext t o a r abbit h ead, w ith a f ish a t t he b ottom. 1 2th c B .C. S yrian w ith E gyptian i nfluence

9 0

1 67

1 68

1 71. M .996. 2 2 x 9 mm. H ematite. P erfect. 1 948 S yrian M an S urrounded by Two E gyptians: T here a re two r egisters. T he h orizontal r egister s hows a S yrian k ing wearing a mantle. H e i s s tanding b etween t wo E gyptians wearing s hort g arments. T he f aces o f t he E gyptians a re u nclear. T he k ing i s f acing t he E gyptian o n t he l eft a nd e ach h as o ne a rm r aised t o t he o ther. B etween t hem i s a s tar r epresenting I shtar, t hen a n a nkh, a nd b elow t his i s t he s pear o f Marduk. T he vertical r egister s hows a s phinx whose h ead i s u nclear. B elow t his a re two v ultures i n t he m iddle a nd a l ion a t t he b ottom. 1 6th c B .C. O ld Syrian w ith E gyptian i nfluence 1 72. M .1019. 1 8 x 9 mm. H ematite. Upper D amage. G roup o f D eities: A w inged deity i s s tanding w ith o ne l eg exposed f rom b eneath h is k aunakes s kirt. H e i s h olding up a s pear i n f ront o f h im. Behind h im, h e i s h olding a n a nkh s ymbol i n h is l owered h and. H e i s being approached by a man a lso wearing a kaunakes s kirt. This man i s c arrying a r abbit upside down. Above h is h and i s a s tar. H is o ther h and i s r aised b ehind h im i n a s ort o f backwards s alute. B elow h is a rm i s a v ase-shaped a ltar. B ehind h im i s a donkey-headed man. T his man h as o ne h and r aised t o h is mouth. T he o ther o ne i s l owered i n f ront o f h im h olding a small dagger. H e i s wearing o nly a g irdle. B ehind h im i s a g riffin a bove a monkey. A h orizontal l ine f rames t he p icture. 1 4th c B .C. U garitic w ith E gyptian i nfluence 1 73. M .6394. 2 1 x 1 0 mm. H ematite. P erfect. 1 949 S acrifice t o t he S tanding God: A man w ith l ong h air, a beard a nd a l ong s kirt i s h olding a s acred t ree. He i s f acing t he god S hamash who i s wearing a small pointed c ap a nd a l ong s kirt. H is l eg i s r aised f rom beneath h is s kirt a s i f h e were c limbing a mountain. H e i s h olding a s aw i n o ne h and. B etween t hem i s a r abbit w hich i s f acing S hamash. Behind S hamash i s a man i n a l ong s kirt a nd a r ound c ap w ith h is a rm r aised t o S hamash's s houlder. T here i s a n a nkh between S hamash a nd t his man, a nd two s corpions a re b ehind t he man. A h orizontal l ine f rames t he p icture. 1 7th c B .C. O ld S yrian w ith E gyptian i nfluence 1 74. M .6355. 2 7 x 1 5 mm. S teatite. P erfect, b ut Doubtful. 1 961 S acrifice t o t he S itting God: T he s even s tars o f t he P leiades a re d istributed t hroughout t he s cene. Two worshippers wearing l ong garments w ith v ertical p leats a re s eparated by a s tar, a " spear o f Marduk", a nd a nother s tar w ith a monkey a bove i t. Two s tars a nd a c rescent moon a rranged v ertically s eparate t he worshippers f rom a goddess w earing a n E gyptian s tyle l ong garment. S he i s s itting o n a dais c onsisting o f two p latforms o r p illows. B ehind h er a re t hree v ertical s tars. 1 3th c B .C. M iddle-Syrian w ith E gyptian i nfluence

9 2

1 71

1 74

1 75. M .4540. 1 4 x 1 0 mm. H ematite. L ower D amage. 1 959 F our Worshippers: T here a re f our men. T heir l ower bodies a re d amaged. T here i s a w inged s un-disk b etween t he f irst two men. A bove t he s un-disk a re two l ions f acing e ach o ther. T he n ext t wo men h ave h orns a nd beards l ike b ull-men. B etween t hem i s a n a ltar, a nd above t he a ltar i s a n e agle. T he b ull-men a re h olding p alm l eaf f ans i n t heir o utside h and. A bove t he f an o f t he s econd man i s a n a nimal r esembling a f erret. 1 3th c B .C. U garitic 1 76. M .4577. H ematite. Upper D amage. 1 948 Worshippers a t t he " Tree o f L ife": T he upper h alf i s damaged. T he l ong s kirt o f a h uman f igure i s s howing. Next, i s a worshipper k neeling o n o ne k nee a t t he " tree o f l ife". B etween t his worshipper a nd t he t ree i s t he l ong s kirt o f a nother h uman f igure. O n t he o ther s ide o f t he t ree i s a l ong s kirt w ith a l eg e xtended f rom b eneath i t. 1 3th c B .C. U garitic 1 77. M .4578. 1 9 x 1 0 mm. S teatite. P erfect. 1 948 S acrifice t o Baal: T here a re two r egisters. T he h orizontal r egister s hows two S yrian s oldiers wearing s hort k ilts a nd pointed c onical h eaddresses w ith a h orn. T heir a rms a re c rossed a s i f e ngaged i n combat. A k ing wearing a mantle a nd a c onical h eaddress i s watching t hem. O ne o f h is a rms i s p ointed upward t oward a c rescent moon r epresenting S in. T he v ertical r egister s hows a n o x, a s phinx a nd a r abbit, e ach s itting o ne a bove t he o ther. A h orizontal l ine f rames t he p icture. 1 3th c B .C. U garitic 1 78. M .696. 2 0 x 1 1 mm. A gate. P erfect. S acrifice t o t he S tanding G od: T here a re two pairs o f h uman f igures f acing e ach o ther. O ne p air i s wearing l ong s kirts. T hey a re s eparated by a w inged s un-disk. Underneath t his i s a r homb, a nd b elow t his i s a f ish. T he o ther pair o f men a re w earing s hort k ilts. B etween t hem i s a g riffin f acing t o t he r ight, a nd b eneath t his i s a gazelle f acing t o t he l eft. T he gazelle i s f acet o-face w ith a f ish. A h orizontal l ine f rames t he p icture. 1 3th c B .C. A lalakh

9 4

1 76

1 78

1 79. M .4619. W inged Men:

2 4

x 1 0

mm.

H ematite.

P erfect.

-

There a re two r egisters. The horizontal r egister s hows two w inged men f acing e ach o ther. E ach h as a w ing r aised behind h im and a w ing l owered i n f ront o f h im. T heir a rms a re c rossed i n f ront o f t hem. Above t heir a rms i s a s un-disk. Both a re wearing conical h eaddresses a nd l ong garments w ith a g irdle a round t he waist. The vertical r egister h as a l ion a t t he t op, a t hree s trand guilloche i n t he m iddle a nd t hree t iny men a t t he bottom. The t hree men a ll h ave o ne a rm r aised i n f ront o f t hem. They a re h atless a nd t hey a re wearing s hort s kirts. 1 5th c B .C. M iddle-Syrian 1 80. M .4591. 1 9 x 1 9 mm. S teatite. Worn. Hunting S cene: A n ox i s being attacked by a s tanding l ion. A bove t he o x i s a w inged c reature whose i dentity i s u nclear. Behind t he l ion i s an a rcher. He i s back-to-back w ith a nother man who appears to be holding a t ree branch. 1 4th c B .C. M iddle-Syrian 1 81. M .6386. 3 6 x 1 3 mm. S erpentine. P erfect, b ut Doubtful. 1 959 Man and A nimal S cenes: There a re two horizontal r egisters. T he upper one s hows f our men, each s eparated by a small t ree w ith a b ird o n t op. A l ine c urves over t he men and under t he t rees. The f irst man i s s itting on a chair holding a t ree. The s econd man i s s tanding a nd holding a t ree. The t hird m an i s s tanding w ith h is h and o n t op o f a j ar. The f ourth m an i s s itting o n top o f a r ock. The l ower r egister s hows two s cenes. One s hows two l ions a ttacking a man l aying o n h is back. The other s hows two priestesses. . Between t hem i s a t able s haped a ltar w ith c rossed l egs. On t op o f t he a ltar i s a small h uman f igure. Both priestesses a re wearing s hort s kirts w ith vertical p leats. The o ne o n t he l eft i s s itting a nd h as h er a rms up. The one o n t he r ight i s holding a small t ree. 1 5th c B .C. Syro-Mittanian 1 82. M .4608. 3 7 x 2 0 mm. A labaster. B roken; Fake. 1 955 Gazelles a nd Eagle w ith H uman F ace: A n eagle w ith outstretched w ings a nd a h uman h ead h as r ear end o f two gazelles i n e ach o f i ts t alons. Both o f gazelles are f acing away f rom t he c reature. The f ace o f c reature h as f eathery h air a nd a beard. Neo-Assyrian

9 6

t he t he t he

1 83. M .4640. 2 1 x 1 2 mm. S teatite. P erfect, b ut D oubtful. 1 959 Man a nd A nimal Motif: T here a re f our h orizontal r egisters. T he t op two r egisters a nd t he bottom two r egisters a re s eparated by a h atched l ine. T he t op r egister c onsists o f a r ow o f b irds. T his r egister i s s eparated f rom t he s econd r egister by a h orizontal l ine. T he s econd r egister i s c omposed o f z oomorphs w hose i dentities a re u nclear. A nother h orizontal l ine s eparates t he t hird a nd f ourth r egisters. T he b ottom r egister c onsists o f h uman h eads. 1 4th c B .C. H urri-Mittanni 1 84. M .1028. 3 3 x 1 3 mm. S erpentine? P erfect, b ut F ake. 1 960 Men a nd A nimals: T here a re two h orizontal r egisters d ivided by a l ine. T he upper r egister s hows a w inged man a nd s ome a nimals. T he man i s wearing a s hort s kirt a nd a c rown. H e h as h is a rms o ut i n f ront o f h im. B ehind h im i s a q uadruped r esembling a p ig. A bove i t i s a f leur-de-lis. N ext, i s a g azelle. A bove t he g azelle i s a s tar. Next, i s a d og. A bove t he dog i s a n upside down b ird. T he l ower r egister s hows a w inged man. T he m an i s f acing a l ion. A bove t he l ion i s a b ird. T here i s a nother h uman f igure f acing a q uadruped. A bove t he q uadruped i s a f igure r esembling a s hield. 1 7th c B .C. H urrian? 1 85. M .4546. 1 2 x 8 mm. Bone. P erfect. 1 960 A nimal S cene: T here a re two h orizontal r egisters d ivided by a l ine. T he upper r egister c onsists o f a c hain o f h orse-like q uadrupeds i n which t he r ear l egs o f o ne a nimal f orm t he f ront l egs o f t he f ollowing a nimal. T he l ower r egister c ontains a s imilar c hain o f h orned q uadrupeds, p robably b ovine. 1 4th c . B .C. H urri-Mittanni 1 86. M .4624. 2 0 x 1 1 mm. H ematite. D amaged. B ird a nd A nimal Motif: T here a re two h orizontal r egisters d ivided by a l ine. B oth r egisters a re damaged. T he upper r egister s hows t wo b irds, t he body o f a n ox, a nd t he h ead o f a l ion. T he l ower r egister s hows a p lant, a b ird, a nd a s phinx. 1 4th c B .C. H urri-Mittanni

9 8

1 84

1 86

1 87. M .6061. 1 8 Animal Motif:

x 8 mm.

Copper.

P erfect.

-

There a re two horizontal r egisters d ivided by a l ine. The upper r egister s hows a t ree, a c rab, a b ird, a water j ug with two h andles and a nother j ar. T he l ower r egister s hows a l ine o f z oomorphic f igures, probably l ions. 1 4th c B .C. Hurri-Mittanni 1 88. M .987. 2 9 x 1 3 mm. Faience. Perfect. Worshippers and Sphinxes: Two worshippers wearing r ound caps a nd l ong garments have t heir arms r aised i n prayer. I n f ront o f t hem a re two w inged s phinxes. The f irst sphinx i s s tanding on a ll f our l egs. The s econd sphinx i s s tanding up on i ts h ind l egs. Above t he f irst sphinx i s a quadruped. 1 4th c B .C. H urri-Mittanni 1 89. M .4594. 2 0 x 9 mm. S teatite. Perfect. 1 959 Hero and W inged Demon: A w inged demon w ith a l ion's body, h orns and t he head o f a goat i s f acing a hero. A horizontal l ine f rames t he p icture. 1 4th H urri-Mittanni 1 90. M .4641. 1 9 x 9 mm. Marble. Perfect. 1 960 B ird Man and Animals: There i s a w inged man w ith a b ird's h ead. Behind i t i s a l ion. A gazelle i s behind and above t he l ion. An ox f orms t he top o f t his r ing o f a nimals. I n t he middle o f t his r ing i s a s corpion. A horizontal l ine f rames t he p icture. 1 4th c B .C. Hurri-Mittanni

1 00

1 89

1 91. M .4596. 1 9 x 9 mm. H ematite. P erfect. Man and A nimal Motif: T here i s a man w ith a round cap a nd a long garment. T he neck o f a gazelle i s s tretched out f rom behind h im. Next, a nother gazelle i s being attacked by a l ion. Above t he l ion i s a f ish, and above t he f ish i s a b ird. Between t he b ird a nd t he man i s a s tylized " running dog" consisting o f two dots i n c ircles connected by two parallel l ines. 1 4th c B .C. Hurri-Mittanni 1 92. M .4549. 2 0 x 1 1 mm. Hematite. I mperfect. 1 961 Banquet S cene: A l ion i s s tanding o n i ts h ind l egs. A nother l ion i s behind i t. This i s f ollowed by a s corpion. I n t he n ext s cene, a h uman f igure i s approaching a k ing w ith an o ffering. The k ing i s s itting on a h igh-backed t hrone a nd d rinking t hrough a l ong t ube f rom a vessel o n a t ripod. 1 4th c B .C. Hurri-Mittanni 1 93. M .4544. 2 3 x 1 0 mm. Hematite. P erfect. 1 959 Man and A nimal Motif: T here are two horizontal r egisters. I n t he top r egister t here i s a dot or a s tar i n f ront o f a w inged g riffin. Behind t he griffin i s a c rescent f ollowed by a man. The man i s possibly a h unter a nd he i s k neeling on one l eg. I n f ront o f h im i s a nother c rescent which e nds i n a s tar. I n t he bottom register t here i s a gazelle f acing a l ion. A h orizontal l ine and two dots f orm t he t op border. 1 4th c B .C. Hurri-Mittanni 1 94. M .6291. 2 7 x 1 3 mm. Red S tone. U pper Damage. 1 948 S acrifice t o t he S itting God: Two men i n l ong garments a re f acing e ach other. The f irst man h as long hair and a beard. The s econd man i s u nclear. Between t hem i s a small horse a nd a c rescent. Next, i s a spear o f Marduk f ollowed by a deity w ith l ong h air a nd a l ong garment s itting on a h igh-backed t hrone. Behind t he t hrone a re t he s even s tars o f t he P leiades. 1 6th c B .C. Hurri-Mittanni

1 02

1 91

1 95. M .6345. 1 6 x 9 mm. S teatite. P erfect. 1 949 S acrifice t o t he S tanding Goddess: T here i s a goddess wearing k aunakes b eing a pproached b y t wo men wearing a S yrian s tyle mantle. B oth men h ave o ne a rm r aised. T he goddess a lso h as h er a rm r aised. F inally, t here i s a s un-disk a nd a c rescent a bove a b ird w hich i s i n t urn a bove a nother small a nimal, p robably a dog. A h orizontal l ine f rames t he p icture. 1 6th c B .C. H urri-Mittanni 1 96. M .4531. 1 9 x 1 2 mm. H ematite. U pper Damage. 1 946 S acrifice t o t he S tanding God: A p riestess wearing k aunakes w ith h er h ands r aised i n p rayer i s f acing a god. T he god i s w earing a l ong g arment a nd s eems t o be w ithout a h eaddress. H e h as o ne h and o n h is waist w ith t he o ther pointed t oward t he p riestess. A s tar i s b etween t hem. B ehind t he deity i s a r unning r abbit a bove a l eaping s tag. Next, i s a h ero w ith l ong h air wearing a pointed h elmet w ith o ne h orn. H e i s w alking t oward a w inged s un-disk w hich i s a bove a l ion a nd a n o x. A h orizontal l ine f rames t he p icture. 1 4th c B .C. H urri-Mittanni 1 97. M .998. 2 0 x 9 mm. H ematite. P erfect, b ut Doubtful. S acrifice t o t he S tanding God: A k ing i s f acing a d eity. T he k ing i s wearing a wrap s kirt w ith o ne e nd t hrown over t he s houlder. H e i s h olding a s pear v ertically i n f ront o f h im. T he deity i s wearing a s hort s kirt. H e h as o ne a rm r aised i n f ront o f h im. Both f igures a re wearing r ound c aps. B ehind t hem a re two n aked goddesses: H attur o n t he l eft h olding a s taff a nd I shtar o n t he r ight. 1 4th c B .C. A lalakh 1 98. M .6328. 1 6 x 1 0 mm. H ematite. P erfect, b ut D oubtful. 1 949 D ivine S cene: A man wearing a s hort s kirt a nd c arrying a r abbit i s b eing approached b y a p riestess w hose h ands a re r aised i n p rayer. B etween t hem i s a vase-shaped a ltar. T he p riestess i s wearing kaunakes. A deity i s s tanding w ith h is back t o t he p riestess. H e i s wearing a h orned c rown w ith a r ibbon a ttached. H e i s p laced h igher t han t he o ther f igures i n t he s cene. Two worshippers a re f acing h im. O ne i s k neeling o n o ne l eg w ith a n a rm r aised t o t he deity. T he o ther worshipper i s s tanding. B etween t hem t hey a re h olding a l arge s pear. There i s a gazelle h ead a bove t he k neeling worshipper. 1 6th c B .C. H urri-Mittanni 1 99. M .4595. 1 4 x 9 mm. H ematite. P erfect. A nimals a nd N aked H ero: A n aked h ero wearing a b elt i s r unning w ith a s ickle-sword h eld up i n f ront o f h im a nd a s hort s word i n t he o ther h and b ehind h im. I n f ront o f h im i s a g azelle s tanding o n i ts h ind l egs w ith i ts f ront l egs s tretched o ut. I ts h ead i s t urned a round t owards t he l ion w hich i s a ttacking i t. B etween t he l ion a nd t he gazelle i s a s tar. B ehind t he l ion i s a p lant r esembling t he t op part o f a f leur-de-lis. 1 4th c B .C. H urri-Mittanni

I 95

1 7

1 99

2 00. M .4609. 1 6 x 1 2 mm S erpentine. L ower D amage. 1 956 H unting S cene: A man i s r unning w ith a weapon. B elow h im t here i s a goat f ish r epresenting E a. T here i s a s mall a nimal a bove a nd b elow t he goat f ish. Next, i s a h uman f igure s tanding s till. T o t he r ight a bove i ts h ead i s a s tar w ith a c rescent. B elow t his i s a l ion a ttacking a g azelle. B etween t he l ion a nd t he gazelle i s a s tar. B elow t he g azelle a re two b ird-like a nimals. A bove t he g azelle i s a g riffin. F inally, t here a re s everal more a nimals w hose i dentities a re u ncertain due t o damage. 1 4th c B .C. H urri-Mittanni 2 01. M .4580. 1 8 x 9 mm. S teatite. P erfect. 1 952 Man a nd A nimal M otif: A man w ith h is a rms up i s s tanding b etween a l ion a nd a b ull. T he two a nimals a re s tanding o n t heir h eads. T he r est o f t he p icture i s u nclear. T he t op a nd t he bottom i s bordered by a wedge s haped design. 1 4th c B .C. H urri-Mittanni 2 02. M .6327. 2 2 x 1 0 mm. H ematite. P erfect. 1 949 D ivine S cene: A deity w ith a l ong garment a nd c arrying a t iny g azelle i s a pproaching a nother deity h olding a s acred t ree. B eneath t he t ree i s a t iny man. The s econd deity i s wearing a pointed h eaddress a nd a l ong garment w ith h orizontal p leats. B ehind h im i s a vase-shaped a ltar. N ext, t here i s a p riestess w ith h er h ands r aised i n w orship. A bove h er h ands appears t o be a s un-disk, but i t's n ot c lear. S he i s wearing k aunakes a nd a pointed h eaddress. B ehind h er i s a t iny l ion a t t he t op a nd a f ish a t t he bottom. F inally, two worshippers a re f acing e ach o ther. B oth h ave b eards, a nd a re wearing r ound c aps a nd l ong garments. B etween t hem i s a c rook. Above t he c rook i s a c rescent w ith a t ail. B ehind t he s econd worshipper i s t he s pear o f M arduk, a nd a bove t his i s a t iny man. 1 6th c B .C. H urri-Mittanni 2 03. M .4703. 3 0 x 1 2 mm. S teatite. P erfect, b ut D oubtful. Worshippers a t t he " Tree o f L ife": Two n aked h eroes a re a pproaching t he " tree o f l ife". B oth h ave t heir h ands r aised. The f irst h ero a ppears t o b e h olding a r ound o bject o ut i n back o f h im. T he s econd h ero e ither h as a malformed a rm, o r h e i s h olding a s icklesword. Both s eem t o b e w earing g irdles, a nd t he s econd h ero h as a sword a ttached t o h is waist. A s mall m an i s l ooking up a t t hem. O n t he o ther s ide o f t he t ree i s a s mall t rident which may b e a s tylized t ree. A h orizontal l ine f rames t he p icture. 1 6th c B .C. H urri-Mittanni

1 06

2 00

2 02

2 04. M .6344. 2 0 G roup o f Men:

x 1 0

mm.

Hematite.

P erfect.

-

There a re f our men wearing pointed c aps. The f irst two a re f acing each other. The s econd o ne i s holding a t ree o r a " bee s haped" symbol. Below t his i s a small a nimal w ith a l ong n eck and l ong ears r esembling a donkey. The s econd two men are a lso f acing each other. Between t hem i s a l ong f ish s haped object. The s econd man i s h olding a mace. T here a re two d isks, or s tars o n h is h elmet, a nd t hree more s tars behind h im. 1 4th c B .C. Hurri-Mittanni 2 05. M .977. 2 5 x 1 1 mm. Faience. Worn. Man and A nimal a t t he " Tree o f L ife": There i s a pair o f crossed animals. Then t here i s a s corpion s tanding on i ts t ail. This i s f ollowed by a " tree o f l ife". The t ree h as f ruit on i t, probably dates. There i s a design at t he base o f t he t ree, possibly r epresenting grass or a mountain. F inally, t here i s a worshipper wearing a r ound c ap. 1 4th c B .C. H urri-Mittanni 2 06. M .975. 2 4 x 1 5 mm. Hematite. S ome Damage. 1 952 Two Gazelles a t t he " Tree o f L ife": T here i s a s acred palm t ree w ith a l arge base between two gazelles. The gazelles are s tanding o n t heir h ind l egs w ith t heir backs t o t he t ree a nd t heir h eads t urned t oward t he t op o f t he t ree. Next, t here a re t hree naked men. The f irst man has an a rm pointed t oward t he gazelle. T he s econd man i s t iny a nd h is genitals a re v isible. The t hird man i s unclear. 1 8th c B .C. Hurri-Mittanni 2 07. M .6047. 2 2 x 9 mm. Hematite. S ome Damage. 1 980 " Tree o f L ife" a nd Two Sphinxes: A " tree o f l ife" i s between two winged sphinxes. Underneath each sphinx i s a t iny naked man l ying o n h is back w ith o ne l eg r aised. An a rcher w ith o ne l eg r aised f rom beneath h is l ong, p leated s kirt s tands behind t he sphinx o n t he r ight. 1 4th c B .C. Hurri-Mittanni

1 08

2 04

2 05

2 08. M .6383. 2 3 D ivine S cene:

x 1 0 mm.

S teatite.

P erfect.

1 946

A deity i s s itting o n a l ow-backed t hrone. H e i s w earing a l ong garment a nd a p ointed h elmet w ith two h orns. H e i s h olding up a p alm l eaf i n f ront o f h im. B ehind h im i s a v ase-shaped a ltar. A bove t his i s a c rescent. N ext, i s a man who appears t o be walking. H e i s w earing a c one s haped h elmet a nd h e i s h olding what a ppears t o b e a mace o r a dagger up behind h im. T here a re two s mall d eities i n t he s cene b ack-to-back, b ut s eparated b y a f ish a bove two s tars. T he f irst deity i s k neeling o n o ne l eg. T he s econd deity i s I shtar. S he i s n aked a nd s he i s h olding h er h ands t o h er b reast. B elow t hem i s a t iny g azelle a nd a b ull. 1 4th c B .C. H urri-Mittanni 2 09. M .4610. 2 2 x 1 1 mm. S teatite. P erfect. 1 957 Worshippers a t t he " Tree o f L ife": T he " tree o f l ife" i s between t wo worshippers. T he worshippers a re wearing pointed h elmets w ith two h orns. T hey both h ave l ong h air. They h ave o ne a rm r aised b ehind t hem a nd t he o ther a rm down i n f ront o f t hem w ith t he f orearm r aised up. B ehind t he o ne o n t he r ight i s a d isk s urrounded by s mall dots which i s e ither a s un-disk o r a f lower. A bove i t t o t he r ight i s a b ird, a nd b elow t he b ird i s a s phinx. T he s phinx i s a lso wearing a p ointed h elmet w ith two h orns. Next t o t he s phinx i s a f ish s tanding o n i ts t ail. A h orizontal l ine f rames t he p icture. 1 3th c B .C. H urri-Mittanni o r H ittite 2 10. M .6066. 2 2 x 9 mm. F aience. P erfect. 1 980 Worshippers a t t he " Tree o f L ife": T here i s a s acred date p alm b etween t wo worshippers. T he worshippers h ave t heir a rms r aised a nd t hey a re w earing l ong garments. T here i s a lso a vertical r egister w ith a l ion u nderneath a g riffin. 1 2th c B .C. H urri-Mittanni 2 11. M .6069. 1 8 x 1 0 mm. S teatite. L ower D amage. 1 980 Worshippers a t t he " Tree o f L ife": A s acred date p alm i s between two l ions. A w inged man s tands behind t he l ion o n t he l eft. A s corpion a nd a b ird a re a bove t his s ame l ion, a nd a s tar i s a bove t he o ther l ion. A h orizontal l ine f rames t he p icture. 1 3th c B .C. H urri-Mittanni 2 12. M .6073. 2 3 x 1 0 mm. F aience. P erfect. 1 980 Worshippers a t t he " Tree o f L ife": A deity who a ppears t o b e n aked i s b ent o n o ne k nee t oward t he " tree o f l ife". H e i s w earing a p ointed h at a nd h e h as o ne a rm r aised. T he s cene a lso c ontains t wo c rossed gazelles. A h orizontal l ine f rames t he p icture. 1 4th c B .C. H utti-Mittanni

1 10

2 08

2 09

2 10

2 12

2 13. M .6025. 2 1 x 1 4 Geometric Design:

mm.

Marble.

A geometric design consisting vertical l ines. 1 0th c B .C. M iddle-Assyrian

o f

2 14. M .6050. 1 9 x 1 0 mm. Marble. Geometric Design: A geometric design consisting parallel l ines. 1 0th c B .C. M iddle-Assyrian

Perfect. bands

o f

P erfect. of

1 980 h orizontal

a nd

1 980

u nbordered

2 15. M .6042. 2 6 x 1 6 mm. S teatite. P erfect. Geometric Design: Three a nd o ne-half r hombs j oined t ogether. 1 0th c B .C. M iddle-Assyrian

bands

o f

1 980

2 16. M .6044. 1 7 x 9 mm. S teatite. Some Damage. 1 980 Geometric Design: There a re a s eries o f c rossed l ines f orming x 's w ith appears t o be a r homb between e ach o ne. A horizontal f rames t he p icture. 1 0th c B .C. M iddle-Assyrian

what l ine

2 17. M .6067. 2 4 x 1 3 mm. B lack F lint. P erfect. 1 980 Sphinx Facing a Horse: There i s a s tar above a r homb. Next, i s a sphinx w ith what appears to be a f ish body, w ings a nd t he bearded h ead o f a man. He i s being approached by a prancing unicorn. A bove t he u nicorn i s a c rescent. 1 2th c B .C. M iddle-Assyrian

1 12

2 13

2 14

2 15

2 16

2 17

2 18. M .4543. 1 8 x 1 0 mm. H ematite. P erfect. 1 959 B irdman a nd Two Worshippers: T here a re two r egisters. I n t he h orizontal r egister a w inged b irdman i s k neeling o n o ne k nee. H e i s h olding a s tandard i n f ront o f h im which a ppears t o h ave h orns o n i t. H e i s b eing approached by two m en. T he f irst man i s c arrying a weapon, p erhaps a s ickle-sword. H e i s w earing a l ong garment w ith v ertical p leats. O ne l eg i s e xposed f rom b eneath t he garment. T he s econd m an i s h olding a s pear v ertically. H e i s wearing a l ong mantle i n t he Syrian s tyle a nd o ne o f h is l egs i s a lso e xposed. T he v ertical r egister c onsists o f t hree b irds. 1 2th c B .C. M iddle-Assyrian w ith S yrian i nfluence 2 19. M .989. 2 3 x 1 2 mm. S teatite. P erfect. 1 946 H unting S cene: A k ing i n h is c hariot i s being p ulled by a h orse. c hariot i s two-wheeled w ith f our s pokes. T he k ing h as bow drawn i n o rder t o s hoot t he l arge l ion f acing h im. l ion i s s tanding o n i ts h ind l egs. 1 3th c B .C. M iddle-Assyrian

T he h is T he

2 20. M .956. 1 7 x 8 mm. H ematite. P erfect. 1 947 S acrifice t o a God: T he god H adad i s s eated o n a b ull h olding a r ound object i n h is h and. I n f ront o f t he b ull i s a b ird l ooking back over i ts s houlder a t t he b ull. A bove t he b ird i s a w inged s und isk. A n approaching worshipper i s c arrying a n o bject i n o ne h and a nd l eaning o n a s tick w ith t he o ther. B ehind t he worshipper i s a w inged I shtar w ith h er h ands o n h er b reast. 1 3th c B .C. M iddle-Assyrian w ith E gyptian i nfluence 2 21. M .6016. 3 2 x 1 4 mm. G reen S tone? L ower Damage. 1 980 Worshippers a t t he " Tree o f L ife": T here a re two r egisters. T he h orizontal r egister i ncludes a " tree o f l ife" b eneath a w inged s un-disk which i s between two w inged men. E ach man h as o ne a rm e xtended t oward t he t ree. T he vertical r egister c onsists o f a c rescent, a l arge s tar a nd a c luster o f s ix o r s even s mall s tars. A border a long t he t op o f t he s eal c onsists o f two p arallel h orizontal l ines w ith h atched l ines i n b etween. T he bottom e dge o f t he s eal i s damaged. 1 1th c B .C. M iddle-Assyrian

1 14

2 18

2 22. M .6046. 2 2 x 1 1 mm. - S ome Damage. 1 980 Man H unting Griffin: A n a rcher has h is bow drawn o n a griffin t hat i s s tanding o n i ts h ind l egs. Between t he man's l egs i s a net. B etween t he man a nd t he griffin i s a r homb. Below t he griffin's w ing i s a f ish. Above i ts w ing i s a l arge s tar. Above t his i s a c rescent. Above t he c rescent a re t he s even s tars o f t he P leiades. 7 th c B .C. Neo-Assyrian 2 23. M .1026. 1 7 x 9 mm. C rystal. P erfect. 1 959 H unting S cene: There i s a winged c reature, probably a l ion s tanding o n i ts h ind l egs. Above i ts w ings i s a c rescent. The c reature i s being pursued by an a rcher. Beneath t he bow i s a s tar. There i s a f ish-net pattern between t he l egs o f t he a rcher. 8 th c B .C. Neo-Assyrian 2 24. M .6290. 2 2 x 1 2 mm. White Marble. Burned o n L ower S ide. 1 952 H unting a W inged L ion: A w inged man with h is bow drawn i s p ursuing a w inged l ion. The man i s wearing a h igh square h eaddress. U nder h is bow i s a r homb. The l ion i s s tanding o n i ts h ind l egs a nd l ooking over i ts s houlder at t he man w ith i ts mouth open. I t i s f emale. A gazelle i s r unning away f rom t he l ion. I t i s a lso l ooking over i ts s houlder. Above i ts h ead i s a s tar. A horizontal l ine f rames t he p icture. 8 th c B .C. Neo-Assyrian 2 25. M .6057. 3 2 x 1 0 mm.Steatite. Upper Damage. 1 980 A rcher Hunting Gazellet A n a rcher kneeling o n one k nee w ith h is bow drawn i s f acing a u nicorn. The unicorn i s l ooking o ver i ts s houlder away f rom t he h unter. Above i ts back i s a s tar. 9 th c B .C. N eo-Assyrian 2 26. M .976. 2 7 x 1 0 mm. Faience. P erfect. 1 952 Man H unting S erpent: A bearded archer w ith h is bow drawn f aces a l arge s erpent. The a rcher i s wearing a r ound cap a nd a l ong garment w ith f ringe i n t he A ssyrian s tyle. There i s a small t ree b etween t he a rcher and t he s erpent a nd a small b ird above t he c urled tail of t he s erpent. There are f our small protrusions r esembling l egs beneath t he s erpent. 8 th c B .C. Neo-Assyrian

1 16

2 22

2 24

2 25

2 26

2 27. M .4766. 2 9 x 1 3 mm. Bone. P erfect, but Doubtful. 1 946 Man H unting O strich: A n a rcher kneeling o n o ne k nee has h is bow drawn o n a n o strich whose back i s t o h im. T he a rcher i s wearing a s hort garment. I n f ront o f h is l eg i s a s corpion. Above t he o strich's w ing i s a c rescent n ext t o a s tar. I n f ront o f t he o strich i s a t ree. A h orizontal l ine f rames t he p icture. 8 th c B .0 Neo-Assyrian 2 28. M .6056. 2 3 x 1 1 mm. S erpentine. P erfect. 1 980 Man H unting Sphinx: A naked hero k neeling o n o ne k nee i s h olding t he l eg o f a s phinx i n one h and. The h ero i s bearded. There i s a r homb between t he h ero and t he sphinx. T he sphinx's other f ront l eg i s resting o n another r homb. Below t he s phinx's body i s a t ree. Behind i ts h ead i s a c rescent. Behind t he s phinx i s a s tar above s ome plants. 8 th c B .C. Neo-Assyrian 2 29. M .6058. 2 2 x 1 3 mm. S teatite. P erfect. 1 980 Man H unting Sphinx: A n a rcher k neeling o n one l eg has h is bow drawn o n a s phinx. The archer i s wearing a l ong garment w ith f ringe a t t he bottom. There i s a quiver o f a rrows o n h is back. Both t he sphinx a nd t he h unter a re wearing round caps a nd h ave beards. I n f ront of t he s phinx i s a t ree a nd two small p lants. Above i ts back i s a c rescent. A h orizontal l ine f rames t he p icture. 8 th c B .C. Neo-Assyrian 2 30. M .6065. 2 6 x 1 3 mm. S teatite. Worn. 1 980 Man H unting S phinx: A n archer k neeling on o ne k nee h as h is bow drawn o n a sphinx. Both are bearded. The a rcher i s wearing a l ong garment w ith f ringe at t he bottom. There i s a quiver o f a rrows on h is back. A s tandard o r a s pear i s planted i n t he g round i n f ront of h im. The h ead o f t he sphinx i s damaged. There i s a s tar behind i ts w ing. A h orizontal l ine f rames t he p icture. 8 th c B .C. Neo-Assyrian

1 18

2 30

2 31. M .6041. 2 8 x 1 3 mm. S teatite. L ower D amage. 1 980 Man H unting Sphinx: A bearded a rcher k neeling o n o ne k nee h as h is bow d rawn o n a s phinx. There i s a q uiver o f a rrows o n h is back. B etween t he a rcher a nd t he s phinx i s a p ine t ree. A bove t he s phinx i s a s tar. T here i s a h orizontal l ine f orming a b order a long t he t op. T he bottom e dge i s d amaged. 8 th c B .C. Neo-Assyrian 2 32. M .6393. 3 1 x 1 1 mm. S teatite. P erfect. 1 949 M an H unting Sphinx: A w inged s phinx w ith o ne l eg r aised i s f acing a h unter. T he h unter h as o ne h and e xtended t o t he s phinx a nd h e i s l eaning o n h is bow w ith t he o ther h and. Both t he h unter a nd t he sphinx a re bearded. T he h unter i s w earing a l ong g arment w ith f ringe. T here a re t hree s tars i n f ront o f t he h unter's h ead a nd o ne s tar behind i t. There i s a c rescent i n f ront o f t he s phinx's f ace. There a re t hree c uneiform wedges f orming t he k ur s ign b eneath i ts r aised l eg. T here a re two s ingle wedges b etween i ts o ther t hree l egs. 8 th c B .C. Neo-Assyrian 2 33. M .6052. 2 6 x 9 mm. C eramic. P erfect. 1 980 Man Hunting Sphinx: A s tanding a rcher h as h is bow drawn o n a s phinx whose back i s t oward h im. Both t he a rcher a nd t he s phinx a re b earded a nd a re wearing r ound c aps. The man i s w earing a l ong g arment. 8 th c B .C. Neo-Assyrian 2 34. M .6021. 2 1 x 1 2 mm. S erpentine. P erfect. G riffin F acing S phinx: A g riffin i s f acing a bearded s phinx wearing B etween t hem i s a p lant. T here i s a • c rescent s phinx. A h orizontal l ine f rames t he p icture. 8 th c B .C. Neo-Assyrian w ith Syrian i nfluence

1 20

a c rown. a bove t he

2 31

2 32

2 35. M .6020. 3 6 x 1 4 mm. S erpentine. P erfect. 1 975 Two Men a nd a S un-Disk: A w inged s un-disk s upported o n t he back o f a l arge quadruped i s between two worshippers. The worshippers a re k neeling. They a re wearing r ound c aps a nd l ong s kirts. Behind t hem i s a s tar. 8 th c B .C. Neo-Assyrian 2 36. M .997. 3 8 x 1 4 mm. S erpentine? P erfect. 1 948 Worshippers at t he " Tree o f L ife": There i s a w inged s un-disk a nd a s acred palm t ree b etween two worshippers. The worshippers a re s tanding w ith t heir a rms opened. They a re both bearded a nd wearing r ound c aps and l ong A ssyrian s tyle garments consisting o f a mantle over a l ong s kirt w ith f ringe. Behind t hem i s a c rescent above t hree plants. A r ow o f e dges f orms t he t op a nd t he bottom borders. 8 th c B .C. Neo-Assyrian 2 37. M .6352. 3 2 x 1 2 mm. S teatite. L ower Damage. 2 959 Worshippers at t he " Tree o f L ife": There i s a w inged s un-disk a nd a s acred palm t ree b etween two worshippers. The worshippers a re s tanding w ith t heir a rms opened. They a re both bearded a nd wearing pointed c aps a nd l ong A ssyrian s tyle garments c onsisting o f a mantle over a l ong s kirt w ith f ringe. Behind t hem i s a s tar a bove t hree plants o r p ine t rees. A h orizontal l ine f rames t he p icture. 8 th c B .C. Neo-Assyrian 2 38. M .6384. 2 4 x 1 1 mm. S teatite. P erfect. Tell R ifaat Worshippers a t t he A ltar: There i s a n a ltar between two worshippers. The f irst worshipper i s wearing a l ong garment a nd holding a f an. The t all a ltar has two vessels o n t op o f i t, a nd two v essels below i t. The s econd worshipper h as o ne a rm r aised, a nd h e i s holding a bow i n t he other. Behind h im i s a s un-disk above a s acred t ree. 9 th c B .C. Neo-Assyrian

1 22

2 35

2 _

9

2 39. M .4658. 3 5 x 1 1 mm. S teatite. P erfect. 1 969 S acrifice t o t he K ing: T his s eal i s e xactly l ike No. 4 527, e xcept t hat t he k ing i s n ot holding o n t o t he f an a nd t he d etail i s l ess c lear. A k ing i s s itting o n a h igh-backed t hrone w here t he back c urls over. H is a rm i s r aised i n f ront o f h im. I n f ront o f h im i s a n a ltar s upporting a v essel. A n a ttendant i s h olding a f an o ver t he a ltar. Behind h im i s a n e ightpointed s tar a bove a t ree. 8 th c B .C. Neo-Assyrian 2 40. M .4527. 2 9 x 1 1 mm. S teatite. P erfect. 1 950 S acrifice t o t he K ing: A n a ttendant a nd a k ing appear t o b e h olding a l arge f an o ver a n a ltar s upporting a vessel. T he a ttendant i s w earing a l arge mantle w ith f ringe over a l ong f ringed s kirt. T he k ing i s wearing a l ong, e laborate g arment. Both f igures appear t o be h atless. The t op o f t he k ing's h igh-backed t hrone c url's over. B ehind h im i s a n e ight-pointed s tar a bove a t ree. The a ltar, f an a nd t ree a rrangement i s a c ommon motif o n A ssyrian s eals. 7 th c B .C. Neo-Assyrian 2 41. M .6053. 3 0 x 1 3 mm. S teatite. P erfect. 1 980 S acrifice t o t he K ing: A worshipper c arrying a palm f an approaches a k ing o n h is t hrone. B ehind h is h ead i s a c rescent. T he worshipper i s wearing a r ound c ap a nd a l ong garment w ith f ringe a t t he bottom. B etween t he worshipper a nd t he k ing i s a n a ltar s upporting a l arge vessel, typical o f t he A ssyrian s tyle. T here i s a s tar b etween t he a ltar a nd t he k ing. The k ing i s s itting o n a h igh-backed t hrone t hat c urves o ver f orming a c rook. T he k ing i s wearing a r ound c ap a nd a l ong g arment. H e h as h is l arge h and r aised i n f ront o f h im. 8 th c B .C. Neo-Assyrian

1 24

2 40

2 42. M .6369. 2 5 Two Worshippers

x 1 3 mm. Grey at an A ltar:

S tone.

S ome Damage.

1 960

There i s a worshipper w ith l ong h air a nd a l ong, f ull s kirt holding a f an over a n a ltar. The a ltar i s t all w ith a j ar s itting o n top o f i t. A nother worshipper wearing a l ong garment i s s tanding on t he other s ide o f t he a ltar. O ne a rm i s r aised, and h e i s holding a bow i n t he other h and. Behind h im i s a c rescent. 8 th c B .C. Neo-Assyrian 2 43. M .4771. 4 5 x 2 0 mm. S teatite. P erfect, b ut Doubtful. 1 949 P rocession: A k ing s itting on a h igh-backed t hrone i s being carried on t he back o f a n animal; possibly a dog o r a f emale l ion. He has o ne hand r aised t oward a crescent. I n f ront o f h im i s a w inged b ird-man. The b ird-man has o ne a rm r aised. I n h is l owered h and h e i s carrying a pouch. Next, i s a man s tanding on top o f a unicorn. He i s h olding up an a xe i n one hand. The other h and i s r aised t oward a w inged s und isk. Below t he s un-disk i s a r homb, a nd below t his i s a vase-shaped a ltar. On t he other s ide o f t he a ltar i s a t all man s tanding w ith one a rm r aised. A ll t he men a re b earded and t hey are wearing h igh conical h eaddresses and l ong Syrian-style garments w ith t rim going down t he f ront a nd at t he bottom. 8 th c B .C. Neo-Assyrian 2 44. M .990. 2 3 x 1 0 mm. Bone. Some Damage. 1 946 Sacrifice to t he K ing: A w inged man w ith a h igh conical cap a nd a s hort garment has one hand raised. Above h is h and a re f ive small s tars.He i s carrying a basket i n h is l owered h and. I n f ront o f h im i s a k ing s tanding on t op o f a unicorn. The k ing i s wearing a h igh conical cap a nd a l ong garment. Above h is extended hand i s a crescent. Below h is h and appear to be two cuneiform s igns: ' dingir' a nd ' a'. I n f ront o f t he s igns i s a rhomb. Facing t he k ing i s another m an whose f ace i s damaged. This man i s wearing a l ong garment. Below h is outstretched h and i s a s taff. A h orizontal l ine f rames t he p icture. 9 th c B .C. Neo-Assyrian w ith Syrian i nfluence

17A

2 42

2 44

2 45. M .1030. 3 5 x 1 6 mm. S erpentine. S ome Damage, a nd Doubtful. Three Men R iding A nimals: There a re t hree men s tanding o n t op o f a nimals a nd wearing A ssyrian s tyle c lothes. T he f irst i s w earing a s hort s kirt, h olding a s taff a nd . s tanding o n t op o f a l ion. I n f ront o f h is s taff i s a r homb. I n f ront o f t his s cene i s a h atched v ertical l ine. T he n ext man i s wearing a r ound c ap a nd a l ong s kirt. H e i s s tanding o n a h orse. The h ilt o f a sword c an b e s een a t h is s ide. H e i s h olding a n a rm up i n f ront o f h im, a s i f i n o ffering. I n f ront o f h im i s what a ppears t o be a small a ltar. O n t he a ltar i s a s taff w ith a c rescent. T here a re two r ibbons o r t assels h anging f rom t he c rescent. T he a ltar a nd t he s taff a re b elieved t o r epresent A shur. T he s econd a nd t he t hird m an a re s eparated by a h atched v ertical l ine a nd a v ertical l ine o f c uneiform s tyle wedges. T he t hird man i s h olding a s taff, wearing a s hort s kirt a nd s tanding on a b ull. H e i s f acing t he f irst two men. B ehind h im i s a small c amel b elow a s un-disk. 7 th c B .C. N eo-Assyrian 2 46. M .1034. 2 7 x 1 4 mm. Marble. Worn. 1 960 L eaping Gazelles: Two q uadrupeds, p robably gazelles, a re s tanding o n t heir h ind l egs. B ehind t hem i s a small c amel below a s un-disk. 7 th c B .C. Neo-Assyrian 2 47. M .4548. 2 1 x 1 0 mm. Carnelian. P erfect. 1 960 L eaping G azelles: Two gazelles a re s tanding o n t heir h ind l egs. T hey a re l ooking back over t heir s houlders. B etween t heir h eads i s a s un-disk a nd a c rescent. Below t his a re two p arallel l ines. Behind t he gazelles i s a s tar. 8 th c B .C. N eo-Assyrian 2 48. M .4582. 2 5 x 1 4 mm. S erpentine. S cratched. Gazelles a nd t he " Tree o f L ife": Two gazelles a re s tanding b ack-to-back o n t heir h ind a nd a re l ooking over t heir s houlders a t e ach o ther. i s a " tree o f l ife" b eneath a w inged s un-disk. 8 th c B .C. Neo-Assyrian

1 28

l egs N ext,

2 46

2 48

2 49. M .4555. 2 0 x 9 mm. S teatite. U pper D amage . 1 946 L eaping G azelles: Two gazelles a re s tanding o n t heir h ind l egs. B etween t hem i s a j umping man h olding o ne o f t heir l egs i n e ach h and. H e i s wearing a r ound c ap a nd a s hort w rap g arment w ith f ringe. H e h as a b eard. 8 th c B .C. N eo-Assyrian 2 50. M .1015. 3 3 x 1 7 mm. S teatite. Upper D amage a nd Doubtful. M an a nd A nimals: A m an h olding a r aised dagger i s a ttacking a w inged l ion s tanding o n i ts h ind l egs. T he m an i s w earing a l ong g arment w ith v ertical p leats. B etween t he m an a nd t he l ion i s a v ase-shaped a ltar a nd a f ree-standing s pear decorated w ith r ibbons. B ehind t he m an a re t wo a nimals. T hey a ppear t o b e a r unning h orse b elow a l eaping gazelle. T heir i dentities a re u nclear d ue t o damage. Between t hem a re two h orizontal parallel l ines decorated w ith t iny w edges. T here i s a h orizontal p arallel l ine a t t he bottom o f t he s eal. T he e ntire t op e dge i s damaged. 8 th c B .C.Neo-Assyrian 2 51. M .6337. 1 7 x 1 2 mm. H ematite. P erfect. 1 948 L ion H unting a Gazelle: A f emale l ion i s c hasing a gazelle t hat i s l ooking b ack o ver i ts s houlder a t i t. T here a re t wo wedges a bove t he l ion's back which may r epresent w ings. Below t he l ion i s a f ish. A bove t he gazelle i s a c rescent. I n f ront o f t he g azelle i s a s tar. A h orizontal l ine f rames t he p icture. 8 th c B .C. N eo-Assyrian 2 52. M .4541. 1 9 x 1 0 mm. S erpentine. P erfect. 1 959 U nicorn C hasing t he S un: A u nicorn w ith a t hin t ail i s p rancing t oward a l arge w ith r ays emanating f rom i t l ike a f lower. A bove u nicorn's b ack i s a c rescent. 8 th c B .C. N eo-Assyrian

1 30

s un t he

2 53. M .4564. 2 0 x 9 mm. S teatite. P erfect. 1 949 P rocession o f Horses: T here a re two horses. There i s a s tar above h orse. The s econd horse i s w inged a nd t here i s a bove i t. 7 th c B .C. Neo-Assyrian

t he f irst a c rescent

2 54. M .6064. 2 7 x 1 3 mm. S teatite. P erfect. 1 980 L ioness K illing a Bull: A l eaping l ioness h as t he t ail o f t he bull s he i s p ursuing i n h er mouth. Beneath h er body i s a r homb. Above h er i s a s tar. The r unning bull i s l ooking back over i ts s houlder a t i ts attacker. I n f ront o f t he bull i s a t ree beneath a c rescent. 8 th c B .C. Neo-Assyrian 2 55. M .6019. 3 0 x 1 2 mm. F lint. P erfect. 1 975 O strich Approaching a T ree: A n o strich w ith outstretched w ings i s approaching a p ine t ree. Below the t ree i s a p lant. B ehind t he o strich i s a s tar. 8 th c B .C. Neo-Assyrian 2 56. M .6079. 1 3 x 7 mm. Hematite. P erfect. 1 980 A nimal Motif: There i s an a ssortment o f a nimals a nd objects h orizontally i ncluding a s itting griffin, a small vase-shaped a ltar, a f ish, a nd what may be e ither o r a s tandard o n a b ipod w ith r ibbons attached. 8 th c B .C. Neo-Assyrian

1 32

a rranged b ird, a a n a ltar

2 54

2 56

2 57. M .6018. 2 9 x 1 4 mm. S erpentine. Worn. 1 980 S acrifice to t he K ing: The f eatures o f t his s eal a re unclear. A worshipper i s approaching a k ing who i s s eated o n h is t hrone. Both t he k ing and t he worshipper h ave one a rm raised i n g reeting. T he worshipper i s h olding a round object i n h is other a rm. T here i s a j ar i n f ront o f h im. Between t he k ing a nd t he worshipper i s a c ross-legged a ltar. T here appears t o be a n a nimal o f s ome k ind o n i t - probably a bull. A bove t he a nimal i s a c rescent. 8 th c B .C. Neo-Assyrian 2 58. M .6049. 1 9 x 9 mm. S teatite. P erfect. 1 980 S acrifice to t he S itting K ing: A k ing i s s itting o n a h igh-backed t hrone w ith h is f eet o n a s tool. He i s h olding a r ound object up i n f ront o f h im. A dog i s s itting a t h is f eet. Above t he dog i s a f ish, a nd behind t he dog i s a s tar. A worshipper w ith h is h and h eld up i n f ront o f h im i s approaching t he k ing. Above h is h and i s a b ird. Behind t he worshipper a re two gazelles, one a bove the other, f acing a s acred palm t ree. On t he o ther s ide of t he t ree a re f ive s tars a rranged vertically. A h orizontal l ine f rames t he p icture. 8 th c B .C. Neo-Assyrian w ith Syrian i nfluence 2 59. M .6077. 1 9 x 9 mm. H ematite. Perfect. 1 980 Banquet S cene: A k ing i s s itting on a small c ubical seat. H is a rm i s r aised i n f ront o f h im. A lso, i n f ront o f h im i s a t able w ith two r ows o f r ound objects o n i t, p robably f ruit. A bove t he t able i s a w inged s un-disk above a t able-shaped a ltar. 7 th c B .C. Neo-Assyrian 2 60. M .1005. 2 1 x 1 1 mm. C rystal. Perfect. 1 949 S acrifice to the S itting K ing: Two worshippers w ith one a rm r aised a re approaching a k ing s itting on a t hrone. A ll t hree f igures a re bearded a nd wearing round c aps. Behind t he k ing i s a w inged s un-disk a bove a t able-shaped a ltar. 7 th c B .C. Neo-Assyrian

1 34

2 58

2 59

2 61. M .6401. 2 7 x 1 3 mm. S teatite. P erfect. 1 960 Two Worshippers, A ltar a nd a " Tree o f L ife": T here i s a n a ltar o r t ype o f t ree w ith a n e agle a bove i t b etween two worshippers. T he worshippers a re wearing w rap g arments a nd r ound c aps. T hey a lso h ave beards. E ach worshipper h as o ne a rm r aised. T he o ther a rm o f e ach i s l owered a nd appears t o b e h olding a b ranch. T here i s a lso a s acred p alm t ree w ith a design a t t he b ase. A bove t he t ree i s a b ird s imilar t o a p heasant. 8 th c B .C. Neo-Assyrian 2 62. M .6075. 2 3 x 1 0 mm. S erpentine. P erfect. 1 980 S acrifice t o a God: A h orned q uadruped s imilar t o a gazelle i s c arrying a l arge s pear, t he s ymbol o f A shur, o n i ts b ack. A bove i ts t ail i s a c rescent. Above i ts h ead a re t he s even s tars o f t he P leiades. I t i s approaching a worshipper. A v ertical r egister c onsists o f a s tar, a r homb, a nd a f ish. 7 th c B .C. Neo-Babylonian 2 63. M .6051. 2 1 x 1 0 mm. A gate. S ome damage o n t he s ides. 1 980 Man o n H orseback Following a Gazelle: A man o n f oot i s f ollowing a nother man o n h orseback w ho i s p ursuing a gazelle. T he gazelle i s l ooking b ack o ver i ts s houlder a t i ts p ursuers. A bove t he r ider i s a c rescent a nd a s tar. A h orizontal l ine f rames t he p icture. 7 th c B .C. Neo-Assyrian 2 64. M .6012. 2 5 x 1 2 mm. M ilky S tone. Upper Damage. S acrifice t o a K ing: A worshipper w ith h is h ands r aised i n p rayer i s approaching a k ing. T he worshipper i s wearing a r ound c ap a nd a l ong garment w ith f ringe. Between t he worshipper a nd t he k ing i s a f ish. A bove t he f ish i s a pomegranite. The k ing's f igure i s s uperimposed o n a l arge c ircle w ith r ays e nding i n g lobes projecting f rom i t. H e i s wearing a h igh cylindrical h eaddress a nd a l ong s kirt t hat i s open i n f ront. Both o f h is h ands a re r aised. A g azelle i s s itting behind t he k ing. Next t o t he gazelle i s a r homb. T here a re two o bjects above t he r homb w hich a re u nclear. A h orizontal l ine f rames t he p icture. 7 th c B .C. Neo-Assyrian 2 65. M .6381. 2 3 x 1 2 mm. B lack S tone. S ome Damage. 1 946 D ivine S cene: There a re two s cenes. T he f irst s hows two h uman f igures f acing each other. T hey a re both wearing r ound c aps a nd l ong garments. The o ne o n t he l eft i s p robably a k ing o r a worshipper. The o ne o n t he r ight i s a deity, p erhaps S hamash. T here a re r ays emanating f rom h is f ront a nd h is back. I n between t hem i s a spear o f M ardnk decorated w ith r ibbons. The s econd s cene s hows a s acred palm t ree. A bove i t t o t he l eft i s a pomegranite, a nd d irectly a bove i t a re t he s even s tars o f t he P leiades. 7 th

c B .C.

Neo-Assyrian

2 62

2 6

2 64

2 65

2 66. M .6013. 2 1 x 9 mm. S teatite. P erfect, but Doubtful. 1 980 Hunting S cene: A l arge quadruped i s a ttacking a man. A nother man i s t rying t o s top t he a nimal. Above t he back o f t he a nimal a re t he s even s tars o f t he P leiades. A dog i s attacking t he a nimal f rom t he r ear. A bove t he dog i s a s un-disk a nd a c rescent. 8 th c B .C. Neo-Assyrian 2 67. M .698. 2 8 x 1 2 mm. Frit. A Man a nd a Tree: A man i s approaching a t ree. 7 th c B .C. Neo-Assyrian

Worn.

1 973

2 68. M .6024. 3 3 x 1 6 mm. Black S tone. Perfect. 1 980 Religious S cene: A man w ith weapons at h is s ide i s h olding a d ivine s tandard w ith a r ibboned s un-disk on e ach s ide o f h im. Between h im and t he s tandard o n t he r ight i s a r homb above a f ish. He i s being approached by a quadruped, p ossibly a l arge dog o r a l ion carrying a l arge r ibboned spear on i ts back. Above t he animal's h ead i s a s tar. A horizontal l ine f rames t he p icture. 7 th c B .C. Neo-Assyrian o r Neo-Babylonian 2 69. M .960. 2 8 x 1 4 mm. Agate. Perfect. 1 948 Worshippers at t he " Tree of L ife": There are two r egisters. The horizontal r egister s hows a winged s un-disk above a sacred p ine t ree, f ollowed by a worshipper. Next, i s t he s taff o f A shur w ith a crescent a nd two tassels at t he top. F inally, t here i s a vertical r egister w ith a s un at t he t op, a r homb i n t he m iddle a nd a f ish a t t he bottom. A horizontal l ine f rames t he p icture. 7 th c B .C. Neo-Assyrian

1 38

2 66

2 67

2 68

2 70. M .6292, 2 3 x 1 1 mm. Marble. P erfect. A frin 1 969 Worshipper at t he " Tree o f L ife": T here i s a " tree o f l ife" beneath a w inged s un-disk, between a gazelle o n t he l eft a nd a worshi pper o n r ight. The t ree i s probably a palm. T he worshipper h as a rms r aised. There i s a s tar a nd a r homb behind gazelle. A horizontal l ine f rames t he p icture. 8 th c B .C. Neo-Assyrian

a nd t he h is t he

2 71. M .694. 2 2 x 1 1 mm. H ematite. P erfect. 1 973 W inged Man and Two Gazelles: There i s a w inged man between two gazelles. Above t he gazelle on t he r ight a re t he s even s tars o f t he P loradPs. The gazelle o n t he l eft h as i ts h ead t urned away f rom t he man whereas t he o ther gazelle i s f acing h im. There i s a f ish above t his s econd gazelle a nd i ts f ace i s t ouching a b ird. 8 th c B .C. Neo-Assyrian 2 72. M .6062. 1 6 x 1 3 mm. A gate. Lower Damage. 1 980 S acrifice t o a K ing: The l ower h alf o f t his s eal i s m issing. A b earded k ing has h is hand raised toward a s tandard w ith a d isk a nd decorative r ibbons a t t he t op. Above t he k ing's h and i s a c rescent. Next, a n a nthropomorphic bull ( bull-man?) i s h olding o ut a small t ree o r palm b ranch t o a nother b earded man who i s r eaching out t o t ake i t. Above t he man's h and a re t he s even s tars o f t he P leiades. B ehind h im i s a s ingle s tar, t he symbol o f I shtar. 7 th c B .C. Neo-Assyrian 2 73. M .4597. 1 5 x 8 mm. H ematite. P erfect. A nimal S cene: There i s o ne pair o f c rossed gazelles, a l ion, r ight above t he l ion i s a b ird. 8 th c B .C. Neo-Assyrian 2 74. M .6048. 1 6 x 9 F rit. P erfect. 1 980 Animal Motif: There a re t hree unclear z oomorphs, h orizontal l ine f orms t he t op border. c rossed l ines f orms t he bottom border. 8 th c B .C. Neo-Assyrian

1 40

a nd

t o

t he

possibly b irds. A A b and o f c riss-

2 7 . 1

2 73

2 74

2 75. M .6059. 1 2 x 6 mm. Agate. P erfect. 1 980 Geometric Design: There i s a r ow consisting o f t hree s ets o f c roF—ed l ines a nd o ne r homb. Above t he f irst c ross i s a w inged s un-disk. Above t he t hird cross i s a c rescent. Below t he s ame c ross i s a s tar. A horizontal l ine f rames t he p icture. 8 th c B .C. Neo-Assyrian 2 76. M .6045. 3 0 x 1 3 mm. S teatite. Worn. 1 980 Two Men Beating a n Enemy: A n aked man on h is knees i s between t wo men who a re beating h im. The man o n t he r ight i s h olding h im. The man or t he l eft i s k icking h im and h e h as a s tick i n h is r aised a rm w ith which t o beat h is v ictim. Both a ttackers have a sword a t t heir s ides. A t hird man i s c arrying a z oomorph. Most ( f t he f eatures a re unclear. 8 th c B .C. Neo-Assyrian 2 77. M .1000. 3 2 x 1 2 mm. Marble. P erfect. 1 948 Worshippers at t he " Tree o f L ife": A " tree o f l ife" with possible mountain symbols o n each s ide o f i t and a w inged s un-disk a bove i t i s between two bearded worshippers wearing round c aps and l ong s kirts. They a re k neeling, a nd t heir a rms a re open i n f ront o f t hem. Between t he worshippers i s a c rescent o n top, a s tar i n t he m iddle and a r homb at t he bottom. 8 th c B .C. Neo-Assyrian 2 78. M .1004. 4 0 x 1 4 mm. Crystal. P erfect. 1 949 Worshippers at t he " Tree o f L ife": There a re two registers. The h orizontal r egister s hows a w inged s un-disk above a " tree o f l ife" w ith mountain r epresentations on e ach s ide. A ll o f t his i s between two worshippers. The worshippers a re b oth k neeling w ith both a rms open i n f ront o f t hem. They a re bearded, a nd wearing round caps a nd l ong s kirts. The vertical r egister s hows a s tar at t he t op, a rhomb i n t he m iddle, a nd a b ird o r o ther w inged c reature at the bottom. A horizontal l ine f rames t he p icture. 7 th c B .C. Neo-Assyrian

1 42

2 75

2 76

2 78

2 79. M .1025. 3 3 x 1 4 mm. A gate. I nner Damage. 1 959 Sphinx A ttacking a Man: There i s a man k neeling o n o ne l eg. H e h as o ne a rm b ent o ut i n f ront o f h im a nd t he other a rm b ent out behind h im. He i s wearing a round cap, a nd h e h as l ong h air a nd a beard. There i s a rhomb behind h im. He i s f acing a w inged s phinx. The sphinx has o ne l eg e xtended t oward t he man. The s phinx h as a beard and l ong h air, a nd i s w earing a double b rimmed r ound cap. Between t he sphinx a nd t he man i s a c rescent. Behind t he sphinx's h ead i s a s tar. 8 th c B .C. Neo-Assyrian 2 80. M .988. 2 8 x 1 4 mm. A gate. Perfect. 1 946 Worshippers at t he " Tree o f L ife": There i s a w inged man a t t he " tree o f l ife". man and t he t ree i s a c rescent above a s tar. 8 th c B .C. Neo-Assyrian 2 81. M .955. 1 9 x 1 0 mm. A gate. Perfect. 1 946 Winged Man: There a re two w inged men s eparated by a s ix below a small b ird. 8 th c B .C. Neo-Assyrian

Between

pointed

t he

s tar

2 82. M .1035. 2 3 x 1 0 mm. Agate. Perfect. 1 960 W inged, Man, Griffin a nd Sphinx: A w inged man i s s tanding between a g riffin o n t he l eft and a sphinx o n the r ight. Both t he griffin and t he sphinx a re s tanding o n t heir h ind l egs, and t he man i s h olding o ne o f t heir f ront l egs i n h is hands. The man i s wearing a wrap s kirt. He and t he sphinx are wearing round caps a nd have beards. 1 0th c B .C. Neo-Assyrian

1 44

2 79

2 80

2 82

2 83. M .1027. 2 7 x 1 3 mm. Bone. S triated. 1 960 W inged M an a nd Two G riffins: A w inged man i s s tanding b etween t wo g riffins. T he g riffins a re s tanding o n t heir h ind l egs. T here i s a r homb b etween t he man a nd t he g riffin o n t he r ight, a nd a f ish b ehind t he g riffin. A h orizontal l ine f rames t he p icture. 8 th c B .C. Neo-Assyrian 2 84. M .6037. 3 4 x 1 5 mm. C rystal. L ower Damage. 1 980 M an H unting a S phinx: A k ing i s s tanding b etween t wo s phinxes who a re s tanding o n t heir h ind l egs. H e i s h olding o ne p aw o f e ach s phinx i n e ach h and. H e i s s tanding w ith o ne l eg e xtended f rom b eneath h is l ong garment. H e i s f acing t he s phinx o n t he l eft. A s itting dog i s f acing t he k ing. T he k ing i s b earded a nd wearing a r ound c ap. E ach s phinx h as i ts o ther f ront l eg e xtended a s i f t o e scape c apture. T he s phinx o n t he r ight h as male g enitilia. 8 th c B .C. Neo-Assyrian 2 85. M .971. 3 7 x 1 5 mm. S teatite. P erfect. 1 949 G riffin A ttacking Gazelle: T here i s a " tree o f l ife" w ith a d ecorated b ase. T his i s f ollowed by a gazelle whose h ead i s t urned o ver i ts s houlder t oward a g riffin w ho i s a ttacking i t. T he g riffin i s s tanding o n i ts h ind l egs w ith i ts f ront l egs s tretched o ut t oward t he gazelle. A bove t he h ead o f t he g azelle i s a s tar. 7 th c B .C. Neo-Assyrian

1 46

2 83

2 84

2 86. M .992. 3 3 x 2 0 mm. S teatite. P erfect. 1 947 H unting S cene: A k ing w ith f our w ings i s h unting a g riffin. T he k ing's l eg i s extended f rom b eneath h is open g arment. H is e xtended h and i s c lutching t he g riffin's w ing. H is l owered h and i s h olding a l ong s ickle-sword. T he k ing i s wearing a c oronet, a mantle a nd a l ong s kirt t hat i s h eavily f ringed with l ittle b alls. H e i s w earing a medallion a round h is n eck a nd a b elt a round h is w aist. T he g riffin i s s tanding o n i ts h ind l egs. I t i s l ooking b ack o ver i ts s houlder a t t he k ing. O ne o f i ts a rms i s r aised. T he o ther a rm i s e xtended o ut i n f ront o f i t. T here i s a t ree w hose t op may r epresent a l arge s un-disk. A n i nscription o n t he l eft o f t he t ree r eads: d ingir A nother

Amar-Utu-pap-zi-Marduk-nasir-napisti. i nscription

o n

t he

r ight

o f

t he

t ree

r eads:

k ur-ma-za. 7 th

c B .C.

Neo-Assyrian

o r Neo-Babylonian

2 87. M .970. 2 5 x 1 3 mm. F lint. Upper D amage. 1 948 Man F ighting G riffins: T here i s a man w earing a n A chamaenid s tyle w rap s kirt a nd a c rown between t wo g riffins who a re s tanding o n t heir h ind l egs. T he man i s s tanding o n t he h eads o f two small s phinxes. T he g riffins a re s tanding w ith o ne f oot o n t he t ail a nd o ne f oot o n t he w ing o f e ach s phinx. T here i s a lso a s acred p alm t ree b eneath a w inged s un-disk. 6 th - 5 th c B .C. A chamaenid 2 88. M .4605. 2 9 x 1 0 mm. B anded A gate. P erfect. 1 952 R oyal Worshippers: A deity i nside a d isk i s b eing c arried by t wo k ings. T he deity h as h is h and r aised a nd h e i s wearing a small cylindrical c ap. A bove h is d isk o r l itter i s a w inged s un-disk. T he d eity's d isk i s s upported by a s taff o n e ach s ide. Both o f t he k ings h ave o ne h and o n t he s taff, a nd o ne h and r aised i n t he a ir. T he k ings a re wearing c loaks w ith a b ead decoration o n t he a rm a nd m id-length s kirts w ith many f olds i n t hem. A ll o f t he f igures a re bearded. 6 th - 5 th c B .C. A chamaenid

1 48

2 86

2 88