Corpus Inscriptionum Et Monumentorum Religionis Mithriacae

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M. I. VERMASEREN

CORPUS

INSCRIPTIONUM ET

MONUMENTORUM RELIGIONIS MITHRIACAE **

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MARTINUS NIJHOFF HAGAE COMITIS MCMLX

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The

MONUMENTORUM RELIGIONIS MITHRIACAE was awarded the 1948 Prize of the Koninklijke Vlaamse Academie

CORPUS INSCRIPTIONUM

van'Wetenschappen, Kunsten en Schone letteren (Royal

Flemish Academy of Arts and Sciences) at Brussels

PREFACE

iruiv,

Nn

FUq

Copyri,ght tg6o by Martinus Ni.jhoff, The Hague, Netheüand,s All, rights reserued,, incl,wdi.ng the r,i,ght to translate or to reprod,uce this book or parts thereol in any lorm

PRINTED

IN THE NETHERLANDS

Volume I has already pointed to the ever-increasing discoveries of material relating to the Mithras cult since the publication of Cumont's work. New monuments and data have been brought to light even in the few years since 1956. vestiges of the Iranian god throughout the former Roman Empire are proving more and more numerous and the new finds are constantly sharpening our insight into his character. This Volume II therefore begins with a number of. addend,i to the monuments which appeared in the previous volume. It also includ.es some improvements and other necessary additions. Greater completeness has been achieved in mäny cases thanks to more recent information I hav" corrected "r,d a few errors. The Mithraea in London and in Rome's Santa Prisca, as well as in Arsameia and in Koenigshoffen, will be dealt with separately in further publications. As the .relative data could not be discussed in futl here, it is recommended to consult those future studies for additional information. T' Nagy wrote in his review of volume r in Arch. Ert. s4, r95g, page l lo, that he would have preferred a closer examination of the smaller finds. This wish cannot be fulfilled without violating the purpose of this Corpus. In pettau (ptuj, Poetovio), Yugo-Slavia, I saw thousands of fragments which have been discovered there in the Mithraic sanctuaries. Such finds should be described in monographs; the bibliographyl in the corpus refers to monographs already published. Some critics are of the opinion that the distinction between the monuments of Mithras and Sol Inaictws was not sufficiently accentuated. Yet this second volume follows the same method of underlining any questionable monuments on the geographic map and the said distinction is thereby adequately stressed. Besides, this method was already discussed in the preface to Volume I. Many titles have been added to the bibliography, which proves that thestudy of the Mithras cult arouses universal interest and covers a wide field. In all countries concerned both in Eastern and Western Europe, archeologists and students of religion have given most generous assistance in facilitatirrg tt investigation of Mithraic monuments. My colleagues in Vienna rendered invalu-" able services in bridging the gap between the East and the West. Hence my special gratitude to my friend Dr. Rudolf Noll, curator of the Kunsthistorisches Museum in vienna, whose energetic help enabled me to establish many important contacts with persons in his own country and abroad.

I

VI

PREFACE

In Yugo-Slavia I derived much benefit from the

disinterested support of Dr.

Museum, and of Dr. A. Gabriöeviö. I have JoZe Kastelic, director of the Ljubljana very dear recollections of my visit to Roumania, where I had the honour of being the guest of the Academy. Here and in other countries, in Gennany, Austria and yugä-Shvia, I had an opportunity to make a personal study of available material.

The excursions through Dacia with Professors Dr. C. Daicoviciu and Dr' E. Condurachi belong to those occasional outstanding experiences in the conduct of scientific research which are never to be forgotten' Atthough it has not yet been possible for me to visit Budapest and Sofia, Dr' A' Dt. W. Wellkoff have supplied me with all desired information and the Möcsy "rrämaterial. The same was done, down to the last detail, by many directors ,r"""rruty of museums in Germany. It was a pleasure to note how these museums have been rebuilt, and an even greater one to be sometimes invited to assist in identifying Mithraic fragments which had been given up for lost' I have already extended proper thanks to many other acquaintances, but

Professor Dr. A. Nock of Cambridge, Mass., as well as Dr. C. C. van Essen in Rome, my friend. and partner in the Santa Prisca excavations, deserve especial mention for th"it helpfui suggestions. I also thank Professor Dr. H. Wagenvoort, president

of the Netherlands Organization for the Advancement of Pure Research, whose share in building up this organization has been a large one' Trne Corpus Inscriptionum et Monwmentorum Rel,igionis Mithriacae has thus become a symbol of co-operation between the East and the West, an ideal which has fortunately been achieved in certain branches of science. The exchange of

intellectual and spiritual thought in even greater freedom can only lead to a better mutual understanding between peoples of different nations. The first two parts of this Corpus have laid a basis for the scientific conclusions to be drawn from the material. The texts will be included in the third volume. This will show Mithras and the world that surrounded him during the different periods of his cuit, in all its abundant varieties. In the accomplishment of that arduous task I hope I may encounter the same spirit of helpful collaboration that

I have found

everywhere so far.

As in volume I, Mr. A. M. H. Lemmers readily accepts responsibility for the English version of the text. In this connection I wish to express my gratitude to the Netherlands Organization for the Advancement of Pure Research (ZWO) for sharing in the translation costs. MeentBN J. Vonuesnnnx

.t

CONTENTS Preface

v

Supplement to the Bibliography

I

Supplement to Volume

I

GenueNre RaBrra Nonrcuvr PaNxowre

9 45

t45 151

169

Daruerre

251

Dacra

27t

MoBsra

335

Tnnecre

Grus

369 379 383 389

Addenda

397

General Index

403

Epigraphical Index

420

Listi of mithraic grades

427

List of different functions Army

428 431

Names of persons mostly mithraists

432

List of Consuls List of Emperors

438

List of dated inscriptions and monuments

439

Index of the corresponding monuments Index of the corresponding inscriptions

440

MacBooNre GnaBcre

438

442

Plates

I

SUPPLEMENT TO THE BIBLIOGRAPHY AC

Archeologia Classica.

ACMITT

Anuarul Comisiunii Monumentelor Istoria, sec{ia pentru

AIJ

see: Hoffiler-Saria.

Anthes

Anth

Transilvania.

AJ

Archaeologia Jugoslavica. e

s, E.

Mithrasdenkmäler und Viergöttersteine aus

AttMemTib

ArchCant

Alzei. GermanialY , 1920,80. Archaeologia Cantiana. Atti e Memorie della Societä Tiburtina di Storia e d'Arte.

Barb

B a r b, A. A. Aus Eisenstadts Urzeit. Burgenkind,ische Heimat-

Bärcäcilä

Bark6czi

B ä r c ä c i I ä, A. Unevilledaco-romaineDrobeta. Bucarest 1938. B är c äc il ä, A. Monumentele religiose ale Drubetei cu novi descoperiri archeologice. Arch. Olt. 1934, 34ff. Bärcäcilä, A. Stiri noi din preajma Porlilor de Fier, Drubeta, Transdrubeta, Transdierna. BCMI lO2, 1939, l73ff. B a r k 6 c zi, L. Brigetio (Diss. Pann. II,22). Budapest 1944-

Barkiczi, Intercisa

Bark6czi, L.

blätter

Intercisa

I

(Dunapentele), Geschichteder

Stadt in der Römerzeit (Archaeologia Hungarica XXXIII).

Antieke Beschaving.

i

t

Behrens, BZ

t

BEP

B

eca

tt

i, G.

Una copia Giustiniani del Mitra di Kriton.

Bol,lArte 1957, |ff. B e h r e n s, G. Die Binger I andschaft in der Vor- und Frühgeschichte. Mainz 1954.

Beschevliev

Bulletin des dtudes portugaises. B eschevliev, B. EpigrafiskiPrinosi. Sofia

1952.

Great. PAPS 93,1949,423ff . B i r I e y, E. The Governors of Numidia

193-268.

Bieber, Margarete.

Bieber

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xL,

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BIanch

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BpTört. R.Br.

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BrunSmid

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Budapest 1954.

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X,

Guid,e

Budapest Törtdnete. Budapest 1942. Brailsf ord, J. W. Guide to the Antiquities of Roman

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" (N.S.) V,jesnik

V,

1901,

lloff.

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M. J The Suovetaurilia in Roman Art. BBAB XXXII, 1957, I ff. Vermaseren, M. J. Sole o Medua? Unintarsio romano.

Vermaseren,

Hornm. Döonna, Latomus XXVIII. 1957,514ff.. Vjesnik Hrvatskoga Arheologiökoga DruStva. Vjesnik za archeologya i historya dalmatinsku, see BASD. V o I I m e r, F. Inscriptiones Baivariae romanae sive inscriptiones provinciae Raetiae. Monaci 1915.

Vollgraff

Vollgraf f, W.

Vorbeck

Hontm. Döonna,5l7II. V o r b e c k, E. Militärinschriften aus Carnuntum. Wien 1954.

Remarques sur une dpitaphe latine de Philippes en Macddoine. Homm. Bid,ez-Cwrnont, 1949, 3531f.. V o 1l g r a f f, W. Une inscription grav6e sur un vase cultuel mithriaque. Med.NAK. Uzel. (N.R. 18,8) Amsterdam 1955. Votlgraf f, W. Les cryfii des inscriptions mithriaques.

I

SUPPLEMENT TO VOLUME

I

e

MESOPOTAMIA 7b

Suse

R. Ghirsman, Nouael,tres

arckdol,ogiques: Les louilles d,e Suse zg46-t952 in La Arts III 1951, Reuue d,es l87f gives a stratigraphical survey of Susa. In Town IV (Sassanidian period) frescoes have been found of which the Mithraic origin is .questionable (cl. Fasti VI, l95t (1953) No. 3521).

Unur-Wenre

Zc

J. van Dijk in Phoenirll 1956, 83 fig. 5l gives a reproduction of a building about which H. J. Lensenin MDOG 87, 1955, 46ff and fig. ll gives a more profound

account.

A large room (L. 15.30 Br. 1 1.20) with an apse and with a podium may give the impression of a Mithraeum, but Prof. Lensen clearly states, that the minor finds neither prove the existence of a Mithraic sanctuary nor of an early Christian Church.

CHERSONESUS TAURICA Airooon ro TTRRIToRIUM Cnlnecrs When CIMRM I was published, it was impossible to consult the article by Rostovtzeff in IIKA 40, l9ll,l2ff. in which he describes some Mithraic monu-

ments of Aitodor (and not Aitador) north of Charax. Prof. Le Roy A. Campbell kindly sent me positive prints of the article which was translated in the Archaeological Institute at Bucarest. I do not know, however, where the monuments are preserved. It is clear, that at Aitodor there was a sanctuary of the Thracian Rider-God in which Mithras was worshipped as well. This sanctuary was situated outside the Roman castellum which lies near the Sea. In Aitodor was a stati,o of the beneliciardi.

(M. Rostovtzeff, Das Heiligtwm d,er thrakischen Götter wnd. d,ie Insclwilten d,er beneliciarü in Ai-Tod,or in IIKA XL 191 l, lff.; cl. B. W. Pharmakowsky in

AA tgtt,235f).

roA Four fragments of a marble relief (I{.0.16 8r.0.20 D.0.023). E. H. Minns, Scytkians and. Greeks. Cambridge 1913, 523; 546; IIKA XL, l9ll, 15 No.6 and Pl. IY,7; Berytws XI, 1954,52 No. 628,who wrongly lists it as from Nymphaeum. See fig. 239.

,

.!rl-

t2

ASIA _ SYRIA

ASIA

t3

CAPPADOCIA

The central section of the relief is lost, but parts of the heads of Mithras and of the buil are preserved. The upper part of Cautes (r) with upraised torch, Cautopates (t) standing cross-legged and his r. h. with the torch downwards. Parts of the head and the body are missing. Hoof of the r. hind-foot and parts of the forefeet of the bull. Above the grotto's border there are the busts of So1 (l) and of Luna (r). Luna seems to be holding a torch. Between them a row of (originally seven)

AnrenelrwBra

t9

Cl. Bengtson, Strategie II, 253 n.2. G. Widengren, Stand, wnd, Aulgaben d,er iraniscken Rel,,igionsgeschickte, Leiden 1955,70 n. 222 accepts the interpretation of MM 25 n. I "became Magus for Mithras" and does not seem to know about Nock's publication.

altars.

LYCAONIA

Kowva

20

roB

w. M. calder's opinion in JHS XLVII, 1922, rTBf that the statuette should be a forgery is adopted without reserve by M. Goughin Anatolian stud.iesrr,l9s6, 132.

Two fragments of a marble relief. IIKA 40,1911, 15 No.7 and Pl. IV, B. See fig.24O. Only the L part of the relief is preserved. In the corner the dressed bust of Sol and part of the grotto's bord.er. Under it the torso of Cautopates with the torch

PHRYGIA 22

downwards. roC

241.

CILICIA

could be

wilr, Relief cwltwel, 165 n. 1 rightty remarks that Mithras is not in phrygian cap and that he holds his hand with the dagger upraised (cl. No. 230 and fig. 69). ANezennus

zlbis Altar with projecting mouldings at top and bottom (H. 1.37 Br. o.4z D. 0.45). Found at the S-W end of Stadium at Anazarva. M. Gough in Anatolian stwdies rr, 19s2, t3l No. 3 and pt. XIIa; wirr, Rer,. Cul,t., 167 n. l. L.H.0.04-0.025. [üzrdrou tö] p'rc(occpöq) n(arpi8o6) tM.Aüp{l/}.r,o6 x6}.euxo6 ielpeü6 xoril / nat{1p 8r,& ptou Auö6 ['H],ilou f &ver.xfirov Mi$pcr töv [../...] xas'& $n&,oye.co tfr natlp[Dr,]. The first five lines are missing; in lines 9-lo it may be possible to supply p