Concepts of Earth Science & Chemistry Parent Lesson Planner 0890517320, 9780890517321

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Overview: This Concepts of Earth Science & Chemistry PLP contains materials for use with Exploring Planet Earth and Exploring the World of Chemistry in the Exploring series. Materials are organized by each book in the following sections: Study Guide Worksheets Q Quizzes T Semester Test & Final Exams Answer Keys Features: Each suggested weekly schedule has two to three easy-to-manage lessons which combine reading, worksheets, and vocabulary-building opportunities. Designed to allow your student to be independent, materials in this resource are divided by section so you can remove quizzes, tests, and answer keys before beginning the coursework. As always, you are encouraged to adjust the schedule and materials as you need to in order to best work within your educational program. Workflow: Students will read the pages in their book and then complete each section of the PLP. They should be encouraged to complete as many as possible, especially those they have a special interest in. Older students should complete as many of the activities and projects as possible. Tests are given at regular intervals with space to record each grade. Younger students may be given the option of taking open book tests.

CONCEPTS OF EARTH SCIENCE & CHEMISTRY

Lessons for a 36-week course!

Calculating Credits: This course should take between 60 to 90 hours to complete, depending on any additional hours spent on added research, essay writing assignments, or suggested lab work, if assigned. Elective courses that take 60 hours are commonly assigned ½ credit, while those 120 hours or more are assigned a full credit; core courses require over 150 hours for a credit. Based on whether this is being used as a core or elective course, make your final credits calculation based on the total hours of coursework completed in the year.

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Approximately 30 to 45 minutes per lesson, two to three days a week

Worksheets for each chapter Quizzes are included to help reinforce learning and provide assessment opportunities; Optional semester exams included Designed for grades 7 to 9 in a oneyear course to earn 1/2 science credit

STUDY GUIDE/General SCIENCE/General

$12.99 U.S.

ISBN-13: 978-0-89051-732-1

EAN

Suggested labs (if applicable)

Tiner has received numerous honors for his writing, including the Missouri Writer’s Guild award for best juvenile book for Exploring the World of Chemistry.

Parent Lesson Planner

Includes answer keys for worksheets, quizzes, and semester exams

John Hudson Tiner received five National Science Foundation teaching fellowships during his 12 years as a teacher of mathematics and science that allowed him to study graduate chemistry, astronomy, and mathematics. He also worked as a mathematician and cartographer for the Defense Mapping Agency, Aerospace Center in St. Louis, MO.

Weekly Lesson Schedule Student Worksheets Quizzes & Test Answer Key

7th – 9th grade 1 Year Science

1/2 Credit

First printing: April 2013 Second printing: July 2013

Copyright © 2013 by Master Books®. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations in articles and reviews. For information write: Master Books®, P.O. Box 726, Green Forest, AR 72638 Master Books® is a division of the New Leaf Publishing Group, Inc.

ISBN: 978-0-89051-732-1 Unless otherwise noted, Scripture quotations are from the New King James Version of the Bible.

Printed in the United States of America Please visit our website for other great titles: www.masterbooks.net For information regarding author interviews, please contact the publicity department at (870) 438-5288

Since 1975, Master Books has been providing educational resources based on a biblical worldview to students of all ages. At the heart of these resources is our firm belief in a literal six-day creation, a young earth, the global Flood as revealed in Genesis 1–11, and other vital evidence to help build a critical foundation of scriptural authority for everyone. By equipping students with biblical truths and their key connection to the world of science and history, it is our hope they will be able to defend their faith in a skeptical, fallen world. If the foundations are destroyed, what can the righteous do? Psalm 11:3; NKJV As the largest publisher of creation science materials in the world, Master Books is honored to partner with our authors and educators, including: Ken Ham of Answers in Genesis Dr. John Morris and Dr. Jason Lisle of the Institute for Creation Research Dr. Donald DeYoung and Michael Oard of the Creation Research Society Dr. James Stobaugh, John Hudson Tiner, Rick and Marilyn Boyer, Dr. Tom Derosa, and so many more! Whether a pre-school learner or a scholar seeking an advanced degree, we offer a wonderful selection of award-winning resources for all ages and educational levels. But sanctify the Lord God in your hearts, and always be ready to give a defense to everyone who asks you a reason for the hope that is in you, with meekness and fear. 1 Peter 3:15; NKJV

Permission to Copy Permission is granted for copies of reproducible pages from this text to be made for use within your own homeschooling family activities or for small classrooms of ten or fewer students. Material may not be posted online, distributed digitally, or made available as a download. Permission for any other use of the material must be requested prior to use by email to the publisher at [email protected].

Contents

Overview and Course Description.....................................................................................................6 & 7 Suggested Daily Schedules........................................................................................................................ 8 Special Projects....................................................................................................................................... 14 Applied Learning.................................................................................................................................... 14 Planet Earth Worksheets......................................................................................................................... 15 Exploring the World of Chemistry Worksheets........................................................................................... 55 Quizzes and Tests

Planet Earth Quizzes......................................................................................................................... 93



Planet Earth Test............................................................................................................................. 101



Exploring the World of Chemistry Quizzes........................................................................................ 105



Exploring the World of Chemistry Test.............................................................................................. 113

Answer Keys

Planet Earth Worksheets................................................................................................................. 118



Exploring the World of Chemistry Worksheets................................................................................... 121



Planet Earth Quizzes....................................................................................................................... 122



Planet Earth Test............................................................................................................................. 125



Exploring the World of Chemistry Quizzes........................................................................................ 126



Exploring the World of Chemistry Test.............................................................................................. 128

Lessons for a 36-week course! Overview: This Concepts of Earth and Chemistry PLP contains materials for use with Exploring Planet Earth and Exploring the World of Chemistry in the Exploring series. Materials are organized by each book in the following sections: Study guide worksheets Q Quizzes, Semester Test & Final Test Answer Keys

Suggested Optional Science Lab See page 13

Features: Each suggested weekly schedule has two to three easy-to-manage lessons which combine reading, worksheets, and vocabulary-building opportunities including an expanded glossary for each book. Designed to allow your student to be independent, materials in this resource are divided by section so you can remove quizzes, tests, and answer keys before beginning the coursework. As always, you are encouraged to adjust the schedule and materials needed to in order to best work within your educational program. Workflow: Students will read the pages in their book and then complete each section of the PLP. They should be encouraged to complete as many of the activities and projects as possible as well. Tests are given at regular intervals with space to record each grade. If used with younger students, they may be given the option of only choosing activities or projects of interest to them and taking open book tests. Lesson Scheduling: Space is given for assignment dates. There is flexibility in scheduling. For example, the parent may opt for a M–W schedule rather than a M, W, F schedule. Each week listed has five days but due to vacations the school work week may not be M–F. Adapt the days to your school schedule. As the student completes each assignment, he/she should put an “X” in the box. Approximately 30 to 45 minutes per lesson, two to three days a week Includes answer keys for worksheets, quizzes, and semester exams Worksheets for each chapter Quizzes are included to help reinforce learning and provide assessment opportunities; optional semester exams included. Designed for grades 7 to 9 in a oneyear course to earn 1/2 science credit

Suggested labs (if applicable)

6 

Course includes books from creationist author with solid, biblical worldviews: John Hudson Tiner — Exploring Planet Earth, Exploring the World of Chemistry John Hudson Tiner received five National Science Foundation teaching fellowships during his 12 years as a teacher of mathematics and science that allowed him to study graduate chemistry, astronomy, and mathematics. He also worked as a mathematician and cartographer for the Defense Mapping Agency, Aerospace Center in St. Louis, MO. Tiner has received numerous honors for his writing, including the Missouri Writer’s Guild award for best juvenile book for Exploring the World of Chemistry. He and his wife, Jeanene, live in Missouri.

Concepts of Earth and Chemistry Course Description This is the suggested course sequence that allows one core area of science to be studied per semester. You can change the sequence of the semesters per the needs or interests of your student; materials for each semester are independent of one another to allow flexibility.

Semester 1: Earth Blending a creationism perspective of history with definitions of terms and identification of famous explorers, scientists, etc. Exploring Planet Earth gives students an excellent initial knowledge of people and places, encouraging them to continue their studies in-depth. The book brings to life people like Marco Polo and Christopher Columbus, and gives students the opportunity to read history that hasn’t been altered or erased altogether. Students will explore the size of the earth, adventurers and explorers, tides, use of the compass, rivers in the ocean, glaciers, rivers, the atmosphere, the age of flight, and so much more.

Semester 2: Chemistry Chemistry is an amazing branch of science that affects us every day, yet few people realize it, or even give it much thought. Without chemistry, there would be nothing made of plastic, there would be no rubber tires, no tin cans, no televisions, no microwave ovens, or something as simple as wax paper. This book presents an exciting and intriguing tour through the realm of chemistry as each chapter unfolds with facts and stories about the discoveries of discoverers. Find out why pure gold is not used for jewelry or coins. Join Humphry Davy as he made many chemical discoveries, and learn how they shortened his life. See how people in the 1870s could jump over the top of the Washington Monument. Exploring the World of Chemistry brings science to life and is a wonderful learning tool with many illustrations and biographical information.

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7

First Semester Suggested Daily Schedule Date

Day

Assignment First Semester-First Quarter — Exploring Planet Earth

Week 1

Day 1 Day 2

Read pages 4–8 • Exploring Planet Earth • (EPE)

Day 3

How Big Is the Earth-Questions Planet Earth Ch 1: Worksheet 1 • Page 17 • Lesson Plan (LP)

Day 4 Day 5 Day 6 Week 2

Week 3

Week 4

Week 5

Week 6

8 

Day 7 Day 8 Day 9

Read pages 10–14 • (EPE) Masters of the Mediterranean-Questions Planet Earth Ch 2: Worksheet 1 • Page 19 • (LP) Read pages 16–22 • (EPE)

Polo’s Big Adventure-Questions Day 10 Marco Planet Earth Ch 3: Worksheet 1 • Page 21 • (LP) Day 11 Day 12 Read pages 24–30 • (EPE) Day 13 Portuguese Sail East-Questions Day 14 The Planet Earth Ch 4: Worksheet 1 • Page 23 • (LP) Day 15 Day 16 Read pages 32–36 • (EPE) Day 17 Spanish Sail West-Questions Day 18 The Planet Earth Ch 5: Worksheet 1 • Page 25 • (LP) Day 19 Day 20 Planet Earth Chs 1–5 Quiz 1 • Page 93 • (LP) Day 21 Day 22 Read pages 38–42 • (EPE) Day 23 Around World-Questions Day 24 Sailing Planet Earth Ch 6: Worksheet 1 • Page 27 • (LP) Day 25 Day 26 Day 27 Read pages 44–50 • (EPE) Day 28 Ten Thousand Names of Wind-Questions Day 29 The Planet Earth Ch 7: Worksheet 1 • Page 29 • (LP) Day 30

Due Date

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Grade

Date

Week 7

Week 8

Week 9

Day

Assignment

Due Date



Grade

Day 31 Day 32 Read pages 52–58 • (EPE) Day 33 Mystery of Tides-Questions Day 34 The Planet Earth Ch 8: Worksheet 1 • Page 31 • (LP) Day 35 Day 36 Day 37 Read pages 60–64 • (EPE) Day 38 Compass Points the Way-Questions Day 39 The Planet Earth Ch 9: Worksheet 1 • Page 33 • (LP) Day 40 Day 41 Read pages 66–74 • (EPE) Day 42 and Longitude-Questions Day 43 Time Planet Earth Ch 10: Worksheet 1 • Page 35 • (LP) Day 44 Day 45 Planet Earth Chs 6–10 Quiz 2 • Page 95 • (LP) First Semester-Second Quarter — Exploring Planet Earth

Week 1

Week 2

Week 3

Day 46 Read pages 76–80 • (EPE) Day 47 River in the Ocean-Questions Day 48 A Planet Earth Ch 11: Worksheet 1 • Page 37 • (LP) Day 49 Day 50 Read pages 82–88 • (EPE) Spheres-Questions Day 51 Three Planet Earth Ch 12: Worksheet 1 • Page 39 • (LP) Day 52 Day 53 Read pages 90–98 • (EPE) Day 54 the Heart of the Glacier-Questions Day 55 Into Planet Earth Ch 13: Worksheet 1 • Page 41 • (LP) Day 56 Day 57 Read pages 100–108 • (EPE) Day 58 — Earth’s Lifeline-Questions Day 59 Rivers Planet Earth Ch 14: Worksheet 1 • Page 43 • (LP) Day 60

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9

Date

Week 4

Week 5

Week 6

Week 7

Week 8

Week 9

10  

Day

Assignment

Day 61 Read pages 110–114 • (EPE) Day 62 Mysterious Valley-Questions Day 63 The Planet Earth Ch 15: Worksheet 1 • Page 45 • (LP) Day 64 Day 65 Planet Earth Chs 11–15 Quiz 3 • Page 97 • (LP) Day 66 Day 67 Read pages 116–124 • (EPE) Day 68 Atmosphere-Questions Day 69 The Planet Earth Ch 16: Worksheet 1 • Page 47 • (LP) Day 70 Day 71 Day 72 Read pages 126–132 • (EPE) Day 73 by Balloon-Questions Day 74 Exploring Planet Earth Ch 17: Worksheet 1 • Page 49 • (LP) Day 75 Day 76 Day 77 Read pages 134–140 • (EPE) Day 78 Age of Flight-Questions Day 79 The Planet Earth Ch 18: Worksheet 1 • Page 51 • (LP) Day 80 Day 81 Day 82 Read pages 142–150 • (EPE) Day 83 the Edge of the Atmoshpere — and Beyond-Questions Day 84 To Planet Earth Ch 19: Worksheet 1 • Page 53 • (LP) Day 85 Day 86 Read pages 152–153 • (EPE) Day 87 Day 88 Planet Earth Chs 16–20 Quiz 4 • Page 99 • (LP) Day 89 Day 90 Planet Earth Chs 1–20 Test • Page 101 • (LP) Mid-Term Grade

Due Date

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Grade

Second Semester Suggested Daily Schedule Date

Day

Assignment Due Date  Second Semester-Third Quarter — Exploring Chemistry

Grade

Day 91 Day 92 Week 1

Read pages 4–10 • Exploring the World of Chemistry • (EWC)

Day 93 Day 94

Ancient Metals-Questions Chemistry Ch 1: Worksheet 1 • Page 57 • Lesson Plan (LP)

Day 95 Day 96 Day 97 Week 2

Read pages 12–16 • (EWC)

Day 98 Day 99

The Money Metals-Questions Chemistry Ch 2: Worksheet 1 • Page 59 • (LP)

Day 100 Day 101 Day 102 Read pages 18–23 • (EWC) Week 3

Day 103 Day 104 Read pages 24–26 • (EWC) Day 105 Day 106 The Search for Gold-Questions

Chemistry Ch 3: Worksheet 1 • Page 61 • (LP)

Day 107 Week 4

Day 108 Read pages 28–34 • (EWC) Day 109 Day 110 Gases in the Air-Questions

Chemistry Ch 4: Worksheet 1 • Page 63 • (LP)

Day 111 Day 112 Chemistry Chs 1–4 Quiz 1 • Page 105 • (LP) Week 5

Day 113 Day 114 Read pages 36–42 • (EWC) Day 115 Day 116 Day 117 Electricity to the Rescue-Questions

Week 6

Chemistry Ch 5: Worksheet 1 • Page 65 • (LP)

Day 118 Day 119 Read pages 44–50 • (EWC) Day 120 Day 121 Day 122 Search for Order-Questions

Week 7

Chemistry Ch 6: Worksheet 1 • Page 67 • (LP)

Day 123 Day 124 Read pages 52–55 • (EWC) Day 125 

11

Date

Day

Assignment

Day 126 Read pages 56–60 • (EWC) Day 127 Week 8

Day 128 Sunlight Shows the Way-Questions

Chemistry Ch 7: Worksheet 1 • Page 69 • (LP)

Day 129 Day 130 Read pages 62–68 • (EWC) Day 131 Day 132 The Electron Shows the Way-Questions Week 9

Chemistry Ch 8: Worksheet 1 • Page 71 • (LP)

Day 133 Day 134 Chemistry Chs 5–8 Quiz 2 • Page 107 • (LP) Day 135

Second Semester-Fourth Quarter — Exploring Chemistry Day 136 Day 137 Read pages 70–76 • (EWC) Week 1

Day 138 Day 139 Compounds by Electrical Attraction-Questions

Chemistry Ch 9: Worksheet 1 • Page 73 • (LP)

Day 140 Day 141 Day 142 Read pages 78–84 • (EWC) Week 2

Day 143 Day 144 Water-Questions

Chemistry Ch 10: Worksheet 1 • Page 75 • (LP)

Day 145 Day 146 Day 147 Read pages 86–89 • (EWC) Week 3

Day 148 Day 149 Read pages 90–94 • (EWC) Day 150 Day 151 Carbon and Its Compounds-Questions

Chemistry Ch 11: Worksheet 1 • Page 77 • (LP)

Day 152 Week 4

Day 153 Carbon and Its Compounds-Questions

Chemistry Ch 11: Worksheet 2 • Page 79 • (LP)

Day 154 Day 155 Read pages 96–102 • (EWC) Day 156 Day 157 Organic Chemistry-Questions Week 5

Chemistry Ch 12: Worksheet 1 • Page 81 • (LP)

Day 158 Day 159 Chemistry Chs 9–12 Quiz 3 • Page 109 • (LP) Day 160

12  

Due Date 

Grade

Date

Day

Assignment

Due Date 

Grade

Day 161 Day 162 Read pages 104–110 • (EWC) Week 6

Day 163 Day 164 Nitrogen and Its Compounds-Questions

Chemistry Ch 13: Worksheet 1 • Page 83 • (LP)

Day 165 Day 166 Day 167 Read pages 112–118 • (EWC) Week 7

Day 168 Day 169 Silicon and Its Compounds-Questions

Chemistry Ch 14: Worksheet 1 • Page 85 • (LP)

Day 170 Day 171 Read pages 120–126 • (EWC) Day 172 Week 8

Day 173 Modern Metals-Questions

Chemistry Ch 15: Worksheet 1 • Page 87 • (LP)

Day 174 Day 175 Read pages 128–134 • (EWC) Day 176 Chemistry in Today’s World-Questions

Chemistry Ch 16: Worksheet 1 • Page 89 • (LP)

Week 9

Day 177 Day 178 Chemistry Chs 13–16 Quiz 4 • Page 111 • (LP) Day 179 Day 180 Chemistry Chs 1–16 Test • Page 113 • (LP)

Final Grade

Suggested Optional Science Lab There are a variety of companies that offer science labs that complement our courses. These items are only suggestions, not requirements, and they are not included in the daily schedule. We have tried to find materials that are free of evolutionary teaching, but please review any materials you may purchase. The following items are available from www.HomeTrainingTools.com. Planet Earth BK-MAPCOMP Basic Essentials Map & Compass   The World of Chemistry CM-ELEMATS Laminated Placemat Size Chart-The Elements Periodic Tables KT-CHEM1K Chem C1000 Kit

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13

Special Projects The Exploring series offers a unique perspective filled with biographical, historical, and scientific perspectives. By highlighting the work and relevance of scientists and innovators, students are introduced to the people behind the knowledge and discoveries that continue to impact their world. This provides exceptional learning opportunities above and beyond the worksheets, quizzes, and tests. Below are three areas of possible activities or bonus point projects that can be undertaken to enhance study. Biographical • Select your favorite scientist mentioned in the book and do a research paper on this person’s life and/ or work. Be sure to include details that enhance the understanding of why they worked in the area of science that they chose, information on their worldview (Christian or secular) and why their work remains relevant. • There have been some amazing discoveries by women — see if you can find three discoveries by researching at your local library or online at parent-approved sites. Historical • Do three short essays — no more than two typed pages each — on discoveries that laid the groundwork for future science fields or the advancement of knowledge. • Discover where 25 important discoveries related to the earth or science took place; mark the map for each place and label with the name of each discovery. • The Bible contains some amazing information about the creation of the earth. See how many related verses you can find. Scientific • Imagine an invention related to exploration or chemistry that could change the way you and others live. See if you can visualize your invention by drawing it out or providing details that would enable someone else to understand the relevance of your invention and how it works. Applied Learning These ideas provide a way for the student to acquire knowledge and then apply it — whether that is done in a technical sense or by being able to recognize the concepts at work in the course of their daily experiences. Consider doing one of the two following options as an opportunity to earn bonus points or to extend the learning process: • Take a spiral notebook and name it “My Learning Observations.” Then, using the following concepts, mark the date and time you observe each example over a two-week period. Remember, science is happening around you all the time in every day life, so make sure your observations correlate with your current study. • You can keep a running study journal using the words and people to know on the following pages. By writing down the definition of words, or the contribution of an individual, you can develop a deeper understanding of the subject matter and have notes available when studying for quizzes and exams.

14  

Earth Worksheets for Use with Exploring Planet Earth

Exploring Planet Earth

How Big Is the Earth, p. 4–8

Day 3

Chapter 1 Worksheet 1

Name

Choose A or B to Complete the Sentence 1. Exploration is a quest for (A. knowledge about the earth, B. new lands). 2. Alexandria was a Greek city, but located in (A. the Arctic, B. Egypt). 3. Alexandria had (A. the greatest library of the ancient world, B. the world’s deepest well). 4. Eratosthenes needed to know the distance from Syene to Alexandria to (A. prove the earth is round, B. calculate the distance around the earth). 5. Some ancient Greeks refused to accept Eratosthenes’ measure of the size of the earth because it made the earth seem too (A. large, B. small). Thought Questions 6. Is intelligence the same as knowledge?

7. Do you think ancient people were as intelligent as people of today?

8. In what way can it be said that Eratosthenes explored the earth?

First Semester/First Quarter  

17

Exploring Planet Earth

Masters of the Med., p. 10–14

Day 6

Chapter 2 Worksheet 1

Name

Thought Questions 1. Who were the great explorers and navigators of the ancient world?

2. What are some other names for the Big Dipper?

3. List three of the goods traded in ancient times.

First Semester/First Quarter  

19

4. Explain why some people believe Hanno sailed into the southern hemisphere.

5. The Bible in Acts 27 describes a ship wreck on what sea?

6. Why did exploration that began with the Phoenicians come to a halt?

20  

First Semester/First Quarter

Exploring Planet Earth

Marco Polo’s Big Adv., p. 16–22

Day 10

Chapter 3 Worksheet 1

Name

Choose A or B to Complete the Sentence 1. The Roman Empire was replaced by (A. the Industrial Revolution, B. numerous small kingdoms). 2. During the Dark Ages, city officials often (A. greeted strangers as heroes, B. threw strangers into prison). 3. In the 1260s, China was ruled by (A. Claudias Caesar, B. Kublai Khan). 4. Marco Polo served as Kublai Khan’s (A. ambassador, B. doctor). 5. Marco Polo returned to Venice mainly by (A. a fleet of sailing ships, B. the Orient Express train). 6. Marco Polo had been away from Venice for (A. 4 years, B. 24 years). 7. Marco Polo wrote his book from (A. the deck of a fighting ship, B. a jail cell). Thought Questions 8. What are the special properties of asbestos and coal?

9. Why was Marco Polo given the nickname “Marco Millions”?

10. Why were spices so strongly desired by people in Marco Polo’s day?

First Semester/First Quarter  

21

Exploring Planet Earth

Portuguese Sail East, p. 24–30

Day 14

Chapter 4 Worksheet 1

Name

Choose A or B to Complete the Sentence 1. The distance north or south of the equator is the (A. latitude, B. longitude). 2. One of the great problems facing sailors was (A. finding their longitude, B. measuring the depth of the sea). 3. At Sagres, the night before sailors left on a long voyage they would (A. go to a chapel to pray, B. have a huge party and feast). 4. The Portuguese reached India by sailing to the tip of Africa and heading (A. east, B. west). Thought Questions 5. Why were spices more expensive in Portugal than in other countries of Europe?

6. Who was Prester John?

First Semester/First Quarter  

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7. Why did Prince Henry leave Lisbon?

8. Why did Prince Henry receive the title “Henry the Navigator” although he made only one short sea voyage?

24  

First Semester/First Quarter

Exploring Planet Earth

The Spanish Sail West, p. 32–36

Day 18

Chapter 5 Worksheet 1

Name

Choose A or B to Complete the Sentence 1. In preparing for his sea voyages, Columbus (A. ignored all the discoveries made before his time, B. studied the best maps, charts, and books, including those of Ptolemy and Marco Polo). 2. When Columbus stepped ashore in the new world he (A. built a monument to himself and Queen Isabella, B. fell to his knees and gave thanks to God). 3. He called the first island San Salvador, which means (A. “salt is here,” B. “the Saviour”). 4. Columbus was better as a (A. governor, B. sailor). 5. Columbus once appeared in court (A. as king of the new world, B. in chains). 6. The new world received the name America from (A. Columbus’ mother’s maiden name, B. Amerigo Vespucius, an Italian navigator). Thought Questions 7. Why did Columbus think the route west to India would be shorter than the one east around Africa?

8. Why did friends and relatives of Columbus’ crew weep as they put out to sea?

First Semester/First Quarter  

25

Exploring Planet Earth

Sailing Around World, p. 38–42

Day 24

Chapter 6 Worksheet 1

Name

Choose A or B to Complete the Sentence 1. Eric the Red was (A. an Italian, B. a Viking). 2. Eric the Red discovered the island of (A. Greenland, B. Zanzibar). 3. The land Leif Eriksson called Vinland was probably along (A. the North American coast, B. islands north of Scotland). 4. The colony on Greenland died out after 500 years because of (A. a change in climate, B. war). 5. The Straits of Magellan are at the southern tip of (A. Africa, B. South America). 6. The Straits of Magellan are so (A. storm-tossed they test a sea captain’s skill, B. peaceful they were given the name Pacific). 7. Magellan did not complete his around-the-world trip because (A. he gave up and turned back, B. he died during the fighting between two native tribes in the Philippines). Thought Questions 8. Why are the Vikings not given credit for the scientific discovery of the new world?

9. What more does successful exploration require than brave captains and crews?

First Semester/First Quarter  

27

Exploring Planet Earth

Ten Thousand Names, p. 44–50

Day 29

Chapter 7 Worksheet 1

Name

Match Each Type of Wind with an Example 1. gentle a. cat’s paw 2. dry b. dust devil 3. rain c. monsoon 4. windstorm d. Santa Ana 5. whirlwind e. twister 6. tornado f.

typhoon

7. hurricane g. willy-willy Choose A or B to Complete the Sentence 8. The two forces that cause air to move are convection currents and (A. radiant energy, B. rotation of the earth). 9. Sea breezes are caused by (A. convection, B. tides).

First Semester/First Quarter  

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Exploring Planet Earth

The Mystery of Tides, p. 52–58

Day 34

Chapter 8 Worksheet 1

Name

Choose A or B to Complete the Sentence 1. The ancient Greeks (A. did not know about tides, B. knew all about tides). 2. A Roman invasion of England failed because of the Romans’ lack of experience with (A. the full moon, B. tides). 3. Tables that predicted tides were often in error (A. because busy ports had no time for tides, B. because of winds and weather conditions). 4. The first person to correctly explain the cause of tides was (A. Christopher Columbus, B. Isaac Newton). 5. Isaac Newton’s book, Principia, is (A. a lost manuscript, B. the most important science book ever published). 6. Isaac Newton had a passion for (A. Bible study, B. raising flowers). 7. Tides are caused by the gravitational attraction of the moon and (A. the earth’s core, B. the sun). Thought Questions 8. Describe some of the reasons that predicting tides is difficult..

9. Describe some of the benefits of tides.

First Semester/First Quarter  

31

Exploring Planet Earth

Compass Points the Way, p. 60–64

Day 39

Chapter 9 Worksheet 1

Name

Choose A or B to Complete the Sentence 1. Sailors sometimes caused their compasses to give false readings by (A. mounting them too high in the ship, B. putting iron objects too near the compass needle). 2. The first person to separate truth from fiction about magnetism was (A. Benjamin Franklin, B. William Gilbert). 3. The geographic north pole and the magnetic north pole fall (A. at the same place, B. several hundred miles from one another.) 4. The earth’s magnetic field is vast (A. and very powerful, B. but weak). 5. Particles shot from the sun during solar storms can cause (A. sudden changes in compass readings, B. beautiful northern lights and nothing else). Thought Question 6. Describe how the dip compass proved that a compass needle points to the earth’s magnetic poles rather than the heavens.

First Semester/First Quarter  

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Exploring Planet Time and Earth Longitude, p. 66–74

Day 43

Chapter 10 Worksheet 1

Name

Fill in the blank, or select the letter for the phrase that best completes the sentence. Supply the Missing Number ______ 1.  The longitude of a point on the prime meridian. ______ 2.  The number of hours in a day. ______ 3.   The number of degrees in a complete circle. ______ 4.   In Isaiah 38:8, the number of degrees the sun moved backward. Match the Person in One Column with the Correct Choice in the Other Column 5. Hezekiah

a. carried a copy of Number Four on the Bounty.

6. Christopher Columbus

b. discovered the principle of the pendulum.

7. Galileo

c. had no accurate clock on his voyages.

8. Christian Huygens

d. made the first accurate clock for sea voyages.

9. John Harrison

e. made the first pendulum clock.

10. William Bligh

f. prayed for longer life.

Thought Question 11. Explain the difference between local time and Greenwich time.

First Semester/First Quarter  

35

Exploring Planet Earth

A River in the Ocean, p. 76–80

Day 48

Chapter 11 Worksheet 1

Name

Choose A or B to Complete the Sentence 1. People who received sinecures were (A. given command of the best ships, B. not expected to work). 2. The first person who tried to trace out the Gulf Stream was (A. Benjamin Franklin, B. English mail ships). 3. The statement “there is a river in the sea” refers to (A. the Gulf Stream, B. a mythical place near Atlantis). 4. The primary factor in giving ocean currents their life is (A. migration of whales, B. temperature differences). 5. Matthew Maury’s tombstone has on it a quote from (A. his book, B. the Bible). Thought Questions 6. Why did captains of British mail ships not listen to the captains of American whaling vessels?

7. Describe some of the effects of ocean currents upon sea life and climate.

First Semester / Second Quarter  

37

Exploring Planet Earth

Three Spheres p. 82–88

Day 51

Chapter 12 Worksheet 1

Name

Match the Item in the First Column with the Correct Choice in the Second Column 1. litho

a. deepest point in the ocean

2. hydro

b. dividing line between mantle and crust

3. atmosphere

c. prefix meaning “stone”

4. Himalayas mountain range

d. prefix meaning “water”

5. Moho discontinuity

e. the sphere of gas

6. bathysphere

f. William Beebe’s ship for deep-sea diving

7. Marianas Trench

g. a wrinkle in the crust of the earth

Thought Questions 8. Describe some of the ways scientists explore the solid part of the earth.

9. Describe how gasoline and iron pellets caused Piccard’s ship to sink and rise.

First Semester / Second Quarter  

39

Exploring Planet Earth

Into the Heart of Glacier, p. 90–98

Chapter 13 Worksheet 1

Day 55

Name

Choose A or B to Complete the Sentence 1. Ice covers the Antarctic and (A. Australia, B. Greenland). 2. Professor Cuvier believed fossils were caused by (A. a series of worldwide disasters, B. slow changes in the earth’s climate). 3. Louis Agassiz showed that glaciers (A. are locked into position, B. move like slow rivers). 4. The Great Lakes were formed by (A. melting glaciers, B. underground springs). 5. Louis Agassiz believed the best way to learn about nature was to (A. get outside and look at it carefully, B. study books). Bonus Activity Using a world map and the map on page 96, list ten cities, countries, or regions once covered by the Ice Age in North America. 1. _____________________________

6. _____________________________

2. _____________________________

7. _____________________________

3. _____________________________

8. _____________________________

4. _____________________________

9. _____________________________

5. _____________________________

10. _____________________________

First Semester / Second Quarter  

41

Exploring Planet Earth

Earth’s Lifeline p. 100–108

Day 59

Chapter 14 Worksheet 1

Name

Identify Each Description as Being of the Nile, Amazon, or Yangtze 1. Along its banks are pyramids _________________________________ 2. Flows through central Asia _________________________________ 3. Flows through desert _________________________________ 4. Flows through rain forest _________________________________ 5. Has a swift current through deep gorges _________________________________ 6. Has more than 500 tributaries _________________________________ 7. Its source is in Tibet _________________________________ 8. Largest river (by water flow) _________________________________ 9. Longest river _________________________________ 10. Moses was hidden in a floating crib upon this river _________________________________ 11. Named after a fearsome tribe of female warriors _________________________________ 12. Papyrus grows along its banks _________________________________ Thought Question 13. What is a great river in your area? Why do you consider it great?

First Semester / Second Quarter  

43

Exploring Planet The Mysterious Earth Valley, p. 110–114

Day 63

Chapter 15 Worksheet 1

Name

Choose A or B to Complete the Sentence 1. The first European to see the Mississippi River was (A. Hernando de Soto, B. Napoleon). 2. The Louisiana Territory was made of all (A. land drained by rivers that flow into the Mississippi from the west, B. states that border Louisiana). 3. Lewis and Clark traced the Missouri river back to its source in the (A. Arctic tundra, B. Rocky Mountains). 4. The Missouri-Mississippi is (A. surprisingly short, B. the third longest river in the world). 5. Old Faithful was first photographed by (A. William Henry Jackson, B. a mountain man). Thought Questions 6. Explain the role of photography in helping make Yellowstone the world’s first national park.

7. List five natural sights found in Yellowstone.

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45

Exploring Planet Earth

The Atmosphere p. 116–124

Day 69

Chapter 16 Worksheet 1

Name

Choose A or B to Complete the Sentence 1. Evangelista Torricelli used mercury in a long glass tube to measure (A. atmospheric pressure, B. depth of a water well). 2. A barometer (A. is an air pump, B. measures air pressure). 3. An altimeter is a (A. barometer that measures height above sea level, B. special type of water pump). 4. Blaise Pascal showed that as one climbs a mountain, air pressure becomes (A. greater, B. less). 5. Otto von Guericke showed that air pressure could hold together two spheres (A. except during a lightning storm, B. against the pull of two teams of horses). 6. Robert Boyle showed that air (A. follows laws of science, B. is a mysterious substance that follows no set laws). Thought Questions 7. What was the “invisible college”?

8. Although Robert Hooke built the improved air pump, Robert Boyle is given credit as the inventor of the improved pump. Why is this?

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47

Exploring Planet Exploring by Earth Balloon, p. 126–132

Day 74

Chapter 17 Worksheet 1

Name

Choose A or B to Complete the Sentence 1. The first hot air balloons were made by (A. sons of famous scientists, B. sons of a paper manufacturer). 2. Hot air rises because it is (A. heavier than cold air, B. lighter than cold air). 3. The Montgolfiers built a balloon big enough to carry (A. two sheep and a goat, B. two human beings). 4. The first people to rise in a hot air balloon were (A. two criminals, B. a young nobleman and his friend). 5. The first balloon flights with human passengers were seen by (A. a few dozen people, B. more than a hundred thousand people). 6. Professor Jacques Charles made a balloon that replaced hot air with (A. carbon dioxide gas, B. hydrogen gas). 7. Joseph Gay-Lussac took scientific instruments with him in his balloon and went (A. across the English Channel, B. to a great height). Thought Question 8. Describe how professor Jacques Charles could control the rise and fall of his balloon.

First Semester / Second Quarter  

49

Exploring Planet Earth

The Age of Flight p. 134–140

Day 79

Chapter 18 Worksheet 1

Name

Choose A or B to Complete the Sentence 1. People pointed to birds as examples of (A. lighter-than-air craft, B. heavier-than-air craft). 2. Leonardo da Vinci invented (A. the parachute, B. the first powered airplane). 3. Otto Lilenthal died (A. from a mishap with a glider, B. while sailing a boat). 4. Dr. Samuel P. Langley was a scientist (A. but his airplanes crashed into the Potomac River, B. who made the first successful airplanes). 5. The Wright Brothers (A. were employed at the Smithsonian Institution, B. manufactured bicycles). 6. Who concluded that “man will not fly for a thousand years”? (A. the New York Times, B. the United States Weather Service) 7. Richard Byrd used airplanes to explore (A. high in the atmosphere, B. the North and South Polar regions). 8. Angel Falls was given that name (A. because the water looks like the wings of an angel, B. because the falls were discovered by a pilot named James Angel). Thought Question 9. What does controlled flight mean? What does powered flight mean?

First Semester / Second Quarter  

51

Exploring Planet Earth

To the Edge . . . p. 142–150

Day 84

Chapter 19 Worksheet 1

Name

Choose A or B to Complete the Sentence 1. Rockets go forward because they (A. overcome the law of gravity, B. shoot hot gases out the back). 2. A photograph was taken of Robert Goddard’s first rocket flight by (A. a newspaper reporter, B. his wife). 3. Robert Goddard (A. proved that rockets would work in the vacuum of space, B. didn’t send rockets into space because he didn’t think they would fly in a vacuum). 4. Robert Goddard’s papers were read with keen interest by (A. American scientists, B. German scientists). 5. Wernher von Braun’s book titled The Mars Project was (A. eagerly purchased by a major New York publisher, B. turned down by 18 publishers). 6. The first country to put an artificial satellite into orbit around the earth was (A. Japan, B. the Soviet Union). 7. The first American satellite was put into orbit by a group led by (A. Robert Goddard, B. Wernher von Braun). Thought Question 8. How did space travel change human beings’ understanding of the earth?

First Semester / Second Quarter  

53

Chemistry Worksheets for Use with Exploring the World of Chemistry

Exploring Chemistry

Ancient Metals p. 4–10

Day 94

Chapter 1 Worksheet 1

Name

Answer T or F for true or false, fill in the blank, or select the letter for the phrase that best completes the sentence. 1. Ancient people hammered the soft pure iron from _______________ into useful tools. A B C D 2. Charcoal is (A. a meteorite that fell from the heavens, B. a type of coal found in the earth, C. made of almost pure oxygen, D. wood that has been heated without oxygen). T F 3. The only purpose of carbon in smelting iron from its ore is so it will burn and supply heat. A B C D 4. Which of these forms of iron is the purest? (A. cast iron, B. charcoal, C. steel, D. wrought iron). A B 5. Cast iron is (A. brittle and will shatter if struck, B. soft and easily hammered into shape). A B C D 6. Steel is quenched by (A. burying it in the earth, B. heating it in an oven for several days, C. heating it white hot and thrusting it into cold water, D. raising it overhead for lightning to strike). 7. Cast iron, steel, and wrought iron differ only in the amount of _______________ they contain. A B 8. Rusting is a (A. slow, B. rapid) oxidation. A B 9. A tin can is made mostly of (A. tin, B. steel). A B C D 10. The one that looks more like silver is (A. brass, B. bronze, C. gold, D. pewter). T F 11. Metals maintain their properties regardless of temperature. A B 12. The more expensive metal is (A. aluminum, B. tin).

Second Semester / Fourth Quarter  

57

Exploring Chemistry

The Money Metals p. 12–16

Day 99

Chapter 2 Worksheet 1

Name

Answer T or F for true or false, fill in the blank, or select the letter for the phrase that best completes the sentence. 1. Gold, silver, and _______________ are known as the coinage metals. A B C D 2. The first metal mentioned in both the Old and New Testaments is (A. copper, B. gold, C. iron, D. tin). T F 3. A 14-carat gold ring is pure gold. T F 4. Gold resists being beaten into thin layers. T F 5. Pure silver, unlike gold, is hard enough to resist daily wear. A B C D 6. Bronze and brass are both alloys that contain (A. copper, B. gold, C. iron, D. silver). A B C D 7. Ancient people made musical instruments of (A. copper alloy, B. iron and mercury, C. sulfur and carbon, D. tin and lead). A B C D 8. The Statue of Liberty has a skin of (A. copper, B. gold, C. steel, D. zinc). 9. The seven ancient metals are gold, silver, copper, iron, tin, lead, and ___________. A B C D 10. Another name for mercury is (A. calliston, B. cuprum, C. plumbum, D. quicksilver). T F 11. A block of lead would float in a pool of mercury. A B C D 12. The metal used in thermometers and barometers is (A. barium, B. lithium, C. mercury, D. silver). 13. The seven ancient planets (wanderers) are sun, moon, Venus, Jupiter, Mars, Saturn, and _______________. A B C D 14. Ancient people matched the metal gold with (A. Mars, B. the moon, C. Saturn, D. the sun). A B C D 15. The Apostle Paul was compared to (A. Mercury, known as Hermes, B. the moon, known as Luna, C. the sun, known as Sol, D. Venus, known as Aphrodite).

Second Semester / Fourth Quarter  

59

Exploring Chemistry

The Search for Gold p. 18–26

Day 106

Chapter 3 Worksheet 1

Name

Answer T or F for true or false, fill in the blank, or select the letter for the phrase that best completes the sentence. A B 1. Carbon and sulfur are (A. metals, B. non-metals). A B 2. The element known as brimstone is (A. sulfur, B. bismuth). T F 3. Sulfur is one of the ingredients in gunpowder. A B C D 4. Goodyear discovered vulcanized rubber when he (A. added carbon to sulfur, B. heated sulfur with raw rubber, C. put rubber under intense pressure, D. treated rubber with sulfuric acid). T F 5. Goodyear made a vast fortune for his invention of vulcanized rubber. 6. The single most important compound of sulfur is _______________ acid. A B 7. Acid rain is due to (A. carbon, B. sulfur) being spewed into the atmosphere. 8. The element that charcoal, coal, graphite, and diamond have in common is _______________. A B 9. The one that is slick and can be used as a dry lubricant is (A. graphite, B. diamond). T F 10. Synthetic diamonds are fake diamonds and have none of the properties of natural ones. T F 11. The primary goal of alchemists was to make gold from cheap metals. A B 12. Science in Europe (A. came to a standstill, B. made great strides) during the Middle Ages. 13. The Middle Ages are also known as the _______________ Ages. T F 14. The schools Robert Boyle attended taught from the latest books by Galileo and Copernicus. A B C D 15. The invisible college was (A. a gathering of alchemists, B. a gathering of experimental scientists, C. devoted to a study of books by Ptolemy and Aristotle, D. a school for poor students). A B 16. An element (A. can, B. cannot) be separated into simpler substances by chemical means. A B C D 17. The Royal Society was formed to (A. buy scientific equipment, B. communicate new ideas rapidly, C. help write better science textbooks, D. teach the king about science).

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61

Exploring Chemistry

Gases in the Air p. 28–34

Day 110

Chapter 4 Worksheet 1

Name

Answer T or F for true or false, fill in the blank, or select the letter for the phrase that best completes the sentence. A B 1. Henry Cavendish would be described as (A. shy, B. forward). A B C D 2. Cavendish released the gas hydrogen by exposing metals to (A. ammonia, B. hydrochloric acid, C. carbon dioxide, D. intense heat and pressure). A B C D 3. The name hydrogen means (A. colorless, B. lacking odor, C. lighter than air, D. water generator). A B 4. Electricity breaks water molecules into oxygen and (A. hydrogen, B. nitrogen). A B C D 5. If a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen are exposed to a flame (A. a violent explosion results, B. electricity is generated, C. the fire goes out, D. the mixture becomes dry). T F 6. Hydrogen is an abundant element on earth. A B C D 7. The reason some scientists give Joseph Priestley credit for discovering carbon dioxide is because Priestley (A. had friends who were scientists, B. had political power, C. kept his discoveries secret until the right moment, D. published his thorough studies promptly). A B C D 8. The gas that Priestley released by heating a mercury compound was (A. carbon dioxide, B. hydrogen, C. nitrogen, D. oxygen). A B C 9. Oxygen makes up about (A. 1/5, B. 3/4, C. all) of the atmosphere. A B 10. The chemical activity of oxygen is (A. high, B. low). A B 11. The one that supports combustion is (A. nitrogen, B. oxygen). T F 12. An oxygen-acetylene cutting torch can burn under water. A B 13. Rusting of metals is an example of (A. slow, B. fast) oxidation. A B 14. The element in the air that prevents fires from burning too quickly is (A. oxygen, B. nitrogen). 15. Give the chemical symbols: _____ hydrogen ____ carbon _____ nitrogen _____ oxygen _____ chlorine 16. State the chemical formulas: _____ water _____ carbon dioxide _____ hydrochloric acid

Second Semester / Fourth Quarter  

63

Exploring Chemistry

Electricity to the Rescue p. 36–42

Day 117

Chapter 5 Worksheet 1

Name

Answer T or F for true or false, fill in the blank, or select the letter for the phrase that best completes the sentence. T F 1. Static electricity was unknown to the ancient Greeks. A B 2. Objects charged by rubbing have a (A. current, B. static) electric charge. A B C D 3. Benjamin Franklin’s kite-flying experiment proved that lightning (A. can charge a battery, B. can kill a turkey, C. helps clouds discharge rain, D. was a big discharge of static electricity). A B C D 4. The one who discovered that frogs’ legs would twitch when touched by two different metals was (A. Alessandro Volta, B. Benjamin Franklin, C. Humphry Davy, D. Luigi Galvani). A B C D 5. Alessandro Volta built the first (A. arc lamp, B. device to make electricity by friction, C. battery to produce electric current, D. miner’s safety lantern). A B C D 6. Current electricity is due to the motion of (A. electrons, B. frog legs, C. neutrons, D. protons). A B C D 7. The one who unwisely tasted and sniffed new chemicals was (A. Benjamin Franklin, B. Humphry Davy, C. Michael Faraday, D. Robert Wood). A B C D 8. Davy discovered potassium by treating potash with (A. a hot arc lamp, B. heat from a large burning lens, C. carbon in a blast furnace, D. electricity from a strong battery). 9. An arc light generates light as electricity jumps across the gap between two _______________ electrodes. A B 10. Members of the sodium family are (A. metals, B. non-metals). A B 11. The members of the sodium family are chemically (A. active, B. inactive). A B 12. The one used to put out a sodium fire in the laboratory is (A. water, B. dry sand). A B 13. Compared to other metals, lithium is (A. light, B. heavy). A B C D 14. Robert Wood used the flame test to prove that (A. lithium causes water to burn, B. lithium could be used as table salt, C. lithium is found in fireworks, D. the cook used leftovers to make stew).

Second Semester / Fourth Quarter  

65

Exploring Chemistry

Search for Order p. 44–50

Day 122

Chapter 6 Worksheet 1

Name

Answer T or F for true or false, fill in the blank, or select the letter for the phrase that best completes the sentence. A B 1. Sulfuric acid is an example of (A. an element, B. a compound). A B C D 2. Dmitri Mendeleev was born in (A. China, B. Russia, C. Spain, D. the United States). A B C D 3. The first college that Dmitri Mendeleev attended was one (A. to prepare farmers, B. to teach philosophy, C. for chemists, D. to train teachers). A B 4. The First International Chemical Congress in Karlsruhe, Germany, was considered a (A. failure, B. success). A B C D 5. Mendeleev believed an organized table of the elements would (A. discourage his students, B. help his students, C. show chemistry to be a difficult subject, D. make him a lot of money). A B C D 6. Dmitri Mendeleev set about organizing the table of elements by (A. asking students to vote on their most popular element, B. collecting samples of each element, C. entering information about the elements in a computer, D. writing information about the elements on note cards). T F 7. Dmitri Mendeleev organized his table of the elements by atomic weight and valence. A B 8. Sodium and lithium have chemical properties that are (A. similar, B. opposite). A B C D 9. Dmitri Mendeleev left gaps in his periodic table (A. because he couldn’t remember their names, B. because he wanted to name those elements after his friends, C. for elements that had not yet been discovered, D. for elements without atomic weight). A B C D 10. To silence critics of his table, Mendeleev (A. appealed to the government to arrest them, B. asked his friends to argue his case, C. left the country, D. predicted the properties of three missing elements). T F 11. Only one of Mendeleev’s missing elements has been found. T F 12. Out of respect for Mendeleev, chemists refuse to make any changes to his periodic chart. A B 13. The elements lithium, sodium, potassium, and those below it are members of the same (A. family, B. period).

Second Semester / Fourth Quarter  

67

Exploring Chemistry

Sunlight Shows the Way p. 52–60

Day 128

Chapter 7 Worksheet 1

Name

Answer T or F for true or false, fill in the blank, or select the letter for the phrase that best completes the sentence. A B C D 1. The three most important tools for making advances in chemistry were electricity, the periodic law, and the (A. law of buoyancy, B. microscope, C. spectroscope, D. telescope). A B 2. Isaac Newton proved that white light from the sun (A. is pure light without colors, B. contains all the colors of the rainbow). A B C D 3. Joseph von Fraunhofer (A. died in the collapse of an apartment building, B. worked as a child in a factory that glazed pottery, C. studied chemistry in a well-equipped home laboratory, D. was the son of a nobleman). T F 4. Fraunhofer saw the lines in the spectrum while testing the quality of a prism. T F 5. Joseph Fraunhofer invented the spectroscope in 1826 following a lecture he gave to a group of scientists. T F 6. Robert Bunsen invented the Bunsen burner. A B C D 7. The first element discovered by the spectroscope was (A. cesium, B. helium, C. kryptonite, D. uranium). T F 8. Helium was discovered on the sun before it was discovered on Earth. A B C D 9. Henry Cavendish combined oxygen with nitrogen by using (A. an electric spark, B. high heat, C. intense cold, D. great pressure). T F 10. When Rayleigh weighed equal volumes of nitrogen freed from compounds with nitrogen separated from the atmosphere, they weighed the same. T F 11. In 1892, Rayleigh announced that his experiment revealed a new element in the atmosphere. A B C D 12. Argon makes up about (A. 1, B. 5, C. 78, D. 21) percent of the atmosphere of the earth. T F 13. Argon helps make light bulbs last longer. A B C D 14. The name helium means from (A. Helena, Montana, B. the hills, C. the sun, D. uranium). A B C D 15. The noble gas family is also known as the (A. empire of the sun family, B. inert gases, C. Ramsay and Rayleigh families, D. strange family).

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69

Exploring Chemistry

The Electron Shows the Way, p. 62–68

Day 132

Chapter 8 Worksheet 1

Name

Answer T or F for true or false, fill in the blank, or select the letter for the phrase that best completes the sentence. A B 1. John Dalton was a (A. member of the Church of England, B. Quaker). A B 2. The word atom means (A. continuously divisible, B. incapable of being cut). T F 3. According to Dalton, atoms of the same element are identical in all their properties, including their weight. T F 4. According to Dalton, atoms of different elements differ from one another except they have the same weight. T F 5. For many years chemists ignored John Dalton’s atomic theory of matter and refused to accept it. A B C D 6. For most of his life, John Dalton earned a living as a (A. chemist, B. minister of the gospel, C. teacher and tutor, D. weatherman). 7. The smallest objects that have the chemical properties of an element are ______________. A B C D 8. William Crookes did scientific experimentation (A. because he enjoyed it, B. to discover a way to make synthetic gold, C. to earn money for his poor family, D. to prove the worth of English research). A B C D 9. A radiometer (A. compares the colors of different elements, B. measures the strength of radiant energy, C. was an early form of the barometer, D. was an early form of the radio). A B 10. The electron is (A. lighter, B. heavier) than a hydrogen atom. A B C D 11. Most alpha particles entered the gold foil and (A. bounced out in all directions, B. caused the gold to become radioactive, C. passed straight through, D. were absorbed, never to be seen again). A B C D 12. About 1 alpha particle in 10,000 (A. bounced out in the same direction it entered, B. caused a spark of light, C. passed through the gold foil, D. turned into gold). A B 13. Rutherford’s description of the atom is known as the (A. plum pudding, B. planetary) model of the atom. A B C D 14. The proton has (A. a negative, B. a positive, C. a variable, D. no) electric charge.

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71

Exploring Chemistry

Compounds by Electrical Attraction, p. 70–76

Day 139

Chapter 9 Worksheet 1

Name

Answer T or F for true or false, fill in the blank, or select the letter for the phrase that best completes the sentence. A B C D 1. The plus sign, +, for the charged sodium atom, Na+, shows that it (A. carries a negative charge, B. has more protons than electrons, C. is made of a single proton, D. is too big to take part in chemical reaction). A B C D 2. The charged sodium atom, Na+, and the charged chlorine atom, Cl-, will (A. attract one another, B. come together and destroy one another, C. produce an electric current, D. repel one another). A B C D 3. Another name for the chlorine family is (A. acid makers, B. alkali makers, C. radioactive family, D. salt makers). A B C D 4. The Roman word for salt is the root word for (A. acid, B. dry, C. salary, D. seawater). 5. Timbuktu is located at the edge of the _______________ Desert. T F 6. Although salt flavors food, it has no other purpose in the diet. A B C D 7. Henri Moissan made his laboratory equipment of platinum because (A. he had money to spare, B. it becomes solid at extremely cold temperatures, C. it reacts only slightly with fluorine, D. it is a cheap metal). A B C 8. At room temperature bromine is a (A. gas, B. liquid, C. solid). A B 9. Chlorinating drinking water was first tried in London in 1897 to (A. prevent tooth decay, B. stop an outbreak of typhoid fever). A B C D 10. The acid found in the stomach that helps digestion is (A. acetic, B. hydrochloric, C. hydrofluoric, D. sulfuric) acid. 11. The purple dye containing bromine was prepared by Phoenicians who lived in the city of _______________. A B 12. Sodium and chlorine families form compounds by (A. sharing electrons, B. electrical attraction).

Second Semester / Fourth Quarter  

73

Exploring Chemistry

Water p. 78–84

Day 144

Chapter 10 Worksheet 1

Name

Answer T or F for true or false, or select the letter for the phrase that best completes the sentence. A B 1. Oxygen and hydrogen form the water molecule by (A. exchanging, B. sharing) electrons. T F 2. Water is the most common liquid on earth. A B C D 3. A diagram of a water molecule shows it as (A. a constantly shifting molecule that is never the same way twice, B. a long chain, C. an oxygen atom face with hydrogen atom ears, D. a molecule shaped like a pyramid). A B 4. Liquid water (A. expands, B. contracts) when it changes into ice. A B 5. Ice (A. floats, B. sinks) in water. A B 6. Snow conducts heat (A. well, B. poorly). A B C D 7. The Nile River continues to flow through deserts because (A. it is fed by desert springs, B. it is fed by melting snow in the mountains, C. rain falls year-round in Egypt, D. water is too heavy to evaporate). A B C D 8. The first person to photograph a snowflake was (A. a French scientist, B. a Vermont teenager who lived on a farm, C. a Civil War photographer, D. a United States president who was an amateur scientist). T F 9. Wilson Bentley became wealthy from his hobby of photographing snowflakes. A B 10. In cool water, molecules move more (A. quickly, B. slowly) than in warm water. A B C D 11. Water boils at (A. 0ºC [32ºF], B. 100ºC [212ºF], C. -161ºC [-258ºF], D. various temperatures depending on the phase of the moon). A B 12. The one that boils at a hotter temperature is (A. methane, B. water). A B C D 13. The main reason Puerto Rico has a milder climate than the Sahara Desert is that Puerto Rico (A. is an island surrounded by water, B. is closer to the equator, C. does not have a ready supply of sand, D. is nearer to the North Pole).

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75

Exploring Chemistry

Carbon and Its Compounds, p. 86–94

Day 151

Chapter 11 Worksheet 1

Name

Answer T or F for true or false, fill in the blank, or select the letter for the phrase that best completes the sentence. 1. Carbon needs _______________ more electrons to have its electrons in the stable arrangement like the electrons of neon. A B C D 2. Methane is also known as (A. marsh, B. mustard, C. poison, D. tear) gas. A B C D 3. A hydrocarbon is a compound that contains only carbon and (A. chlorine, B. fluorine, C. hydrogen, D. oxygen). A B 4. When burned with oxygen, natural gas releases carbon dioxide and (A. sulfuric acid, B. water). T F 5. A sulfur compound is added to natural gas so a leak can be detected by the smell. A B C D 6. The one that has been used to put people to sleep during operations is (A. carbon tetrachloride, B. chloroform, C. oxygen, D. salt). 7. The number of chlorine atoms in carbon tetrachloride is _______________. T F 8. Carbon tetrachloride is used for dry cleaning because it is a dry powder. T F 9. The ozone layer reduces the effect of harmful ultraviolet rays from the sun.

Second Semester / Fourth Quarter  

77

Exploring Chemistry

Carbon and Its Compounds, p. 86–94

Day 153

Chapter 11 Worksheet 2

Name

Answer T or F for true or false, or select the letter for the phrase that best completes the sentence. T F 10. Freon is used for refrigeration. T F 11. Whenever a liquid evaporates, it warms its surroundings. T F 12. Methanol is burned as a fuel in racing engines. A B 13. Paraffin is an example of a (A. short, B. long) hydrocarbon chain. A B C D 14. Teflon is an example of (A. an isobar, B. an isomer, C. a pachyderm, D. a polymer). A B 15. Teflon is (A. sticky, B. slick). A B C 16. Ethyl alcohol and dimethyl ether have the same (A. chemical formula, B. properties, C. structures). A B 17. Ethyl alcohol and dimethyl ether are examples of (A. polymers, B. isomers). A B C D 18. Petroleum means (A. floor covering, B. pet rock, C. rock oil, D. written on stone).

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79

80   Second Semester / Fourth Quarter

Exploring Chemistry

Organic Chemistry p. 96–102

Day 157

Chapter 12 Worksheet 1

Name

Answer T or F for true or false, fill in the blank, or select the letter for the phrase that best completes the sentence. A B 1. Salt is an example of a compound that is (A. formed by living organisms, B. found in the non-living environment). A B 2. Sugar is an example of a compound that is (A. formed by living organisms, B. found in the non-living environment). 3. The elements found in organic compounds include hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and _______________. T F 4. Chemical reactions follow a different set of rules in living things than they do in the laboratory. T F 5. No one has ever succeeded in making organic compounds in the laboratory. A B C D 6. Today, organic chemistry is the chemistry of (A. carbon, B. hydrogen, C. nitrogen, D. oxygen) compounds. A B 7. Benzene is a hydrocarbon (A. chain, B. ring). A B C D 8. The one that fights malaria is (A. aniline purple, B. Bakelite, C. benzene, D. quinine). A B C D 9. While trying to make quinine, William Henry Perkin discovered (A. a new plastic, B. a perfume substitute, C. a synthetic dye, D. a treatment for malaria). T F 10. Because he was a teenager, William Henry Perkin’s father had to take out the patent on aniline purple. T F 11. After he became successful, William Henry Perkin retired from chemical research. A B C D 12. Leo Baekeland discovered the substance he called Bakelite while trying to make a substitute for (A. a dye, B. a perfume, C. eye shadow, D. shellac). A B C D 13. When Leo Baekeland mixed carbolic acid and formaldehyde, the result was (A. a substance that clogged test tubes, B. a substance with the smell of new-mown hay, C. a thin liquid, D. an explosive gas). T F 14. Although Bakelite was the first plastic, it was immediately replaced by better ones and proved a disappointing failure to Leo Baekeland. A B C D 15. The word plastic means (A. capable of being shaped, B. cheap, C. phony, D. soft).

Second Semester / Fourth Quarter  

81

Exploring Chemistry

Nitrogen and Its Compounds, p. 104–110

Day 164

Chapter 13 Worksheet 1

Name

Answer T or F for true or false, fill in the blank, or select the letter for the phrase that best completes the sentence. 1. The essential element in explosives is _______________. A B 2. The powder in the expression “keep your powder dry” was (A. diatomaceous earth, B. gunpowder). T F 3. The rapid expansion of hot gases causes the destruction of an explosion. T F 4. Gunpowder is smokeless. 5. Nitrocellulose is a combination of a _______________ compound with cellulose. A B C D 6. Cellulose gives plant cells their (A. ability to do photosynthesis, B. color, C. daily supply of water, D. strong cell walls). A B C D 7. The one that is practically pure cellulose is (A. cotton, B. diamond, C. silicon dioxide, D. protein). A B 8. Guncotton would be described as being (A. a safe and effective explosive, B. unpredictable and capable of exploding without warning). A B 9. Ascanio Sobrero’s reaction to nitroglycerin was to (A. announce its discovery at a chemical congress, B. keep it secret). T F 10. The Nobels sold nitroglycerin as blasting oil. A B C D 11. Abraham Lincoln’s great construction project was to connect California to the East Coast with (A. an interstate highway, B. a pony express route, C. a railroad, D. a telegraph line). T F 12. Alfred Nobel’s nitroglycerin factory in Sweden proved to be completely safe. A B C D 13. Diatoms have cell walls of (A. cellulose, B. dynamite, C. nitroglycerin, D. silica). A B C D 14. Blasting caps are used (A. for safe detonation of explosives, B. for small explosions, C. to contain an explosion, D. to control the direction of an explosion). T F 15. The upsetting event that Alfred Nobel experienced was reading his own death notice in the newspaper. T F 16. Nobel prizes can only be awarded to the citizens of Sweden. T F 17. Nitrogen compounds are used in fertilizers.

Second Semester / Fourth Quarter  

83

Exploring Chemistry

Silicon and Its Compounds, p. 112–118

Day 169

Chapter 14 Worksheet 1

Name

Answer T or F for true or false, or select the letter for the phrase that best completes the sentence. A B 1. Silicon is the (A. most abundant, B. second most abundant) element in the earth’s crust. A B C D 2. Silicon carbide was discovered while trying to make synthetic (A. diamond, B. glass, C. rubies, D. Silly Putty). A B 3. The one that can resist sudden changes in temperature is (A. glass, B. quartz). T F 4. Electricity passing through a quartz crystal causes it to expand and contract. A B C D 5. Stained glass was colored (A. because church officials did not want people to look outside during church services, B. to hide the fact that glass makers could not make clear glass, C. to prevent it from melting, D. because people did not like clear glass). A B C D 6. A gem’s value is due to its (A. beauty, B. cost, C. rarity, D. all of the above). A B C D 7. The Star of India is (A. a diamond, B. a sapphire, C. a synthetic ruby, D. an opal). T F 8. The Hope Diamond was cut and recut until it was less than half the size of the original stone. T F 9. A synthetic gem is a fake gem. A B 10. The one better able to lubricate across extreme temperatures is (A. hydrocarbon motor oil, B. silicone oil). T F 11. Silly Putty is made of long chain-like molecules that contain silicon. A B C D 12. Silicon is an electric (A. conductor, B. insulator, C. semiconductor, D. none of the above). A B 13. The element found in computer chips is (A. carbon, B. silicon).

Second Semester / Fourth Quarter  

85

Exploring Chemistry

Modern Metals p. 120–126

Day 173

Chapter 15 Worksheet 1

Name

Answer T or F for true or false, or select the letter for the phrase that best completes the sentence. T F 1. Aluminum is a rare element in the earth’s crust. T F 2. Aluminum is the second most widely used metal after iron. A B C D 3. France’s Emperor Napoleon III had table sets made of (A. aluminum, B. copper, C. frozen nitrogen, D. uranium). A B C D 4. The six-pound metallic top to the Washington Monument is made of (A. aluminum, B. gold, C. silver, D. uranium). T F 5. The commercial production of aluminum was delayed for several years because of a court battle between Paul Héroult and Charles Martin Hall. A B C D 6. The foil used to wrap foods is made of (A. aluminum, B. steel, C. copper, D. zinc). T F 7. Aluminum is a better conductor of electricity than any other metal. T F 8. Aluminum reflects heat. T F 9. Thermite can burn under water. A B 10. The one discovered first was the (A. planet Uranus, B. element uranium). A B C D 11. Uranium ore is (A. galena, B. hematite, C. pitchblende, D. sulfur dioxide). T F 12. Polonium and radium are both radioactive. T F 13. Curie was refused a Nobel prize because she was a woman. A B C D 14. The radioactive element used in smoke detectors is (A. americium, B. curium, C. radium, D. uranium). T F 15. Some elements beyond uranium were named after states and cities.

Second Semester / Fourth Quarter  

87

Exploring Chemistry

Chemistry in Today’s World, p. 128–134

Day 176

Chapter 16 Worksheet 1

Name

Write the matching letter in the blank provided.

1. ________ helped found the Royal Society. He also defined an element.



2. ________ was an eccentric English chemist who discovered hydrogen.



3. ________ was a Frenchman who burned a diamond. He stated the law of conservation of matter.



4. ________ stated the atomic theory of matter.



5. ________ used electricity to free sodium and other elements from their ores.



6. ________ suggested the use of chemical symbols for elements.



7. ________ was Davy’s assistant who discovered benzene.



8. ________ was a French chemist who became a medical researcher.



9. ________ made the first periodic table of the elements.



10. ________ discovered the family of inert gases.



a. Jöns Jakob Berzelius



b. Robert Boyle



c. Henry Cavendish



d. John Dalton



e. Humphry Davy



f. Michael Faraday



g. Antoine Laurent Lavoisier



h. Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev



i. Louis Pasteur



j. William Ramsay

Second Semester / Fourth Quarter  

89

Quizzes and Tests Section

Q

Exploring Earth Concepts & Comprehension

Quiz 1

Scope: Chapters 1–5

Total score: ____of 100

Name

Multiple Choice Questions (4 Points Each) 1. Alexandria had (A. the greatest library of the ancient world, B. the world’s deepest well). 2. Eratosthenes needed to know the distance from Syene to Alexandria to A. prove the earth is round.   B. calculate the distance around the earth. 3. The Roman Empire was replaced by A. the Industrial Revolution.   B. numerous small kingdoms. 4. During the Dark Ages, city officials often A. greeted strangers as heroes.   B. threw strangers into prison. 5. One of the great problems facing sailors was A. finding their longitude.   B. measuring the depth of the sea. 6. The Portuguese reached India by sailing to the tip of Africa and heading (A. east, B. west). 7. When Columbus stepped ashore in the new world he A. built a monument to himself and Queen Isabella. B. fell to his knees and gave thanks to God. 8. The first island he called San Salvador which means (A. “salt is here”  B. “the Saviour”). 9. The new world received the name America from A. Columbus’ mother’s maiden name. B. Amerigo Vespucius, an Italian navigator. Multiple Answer Question (2 Points Each Answer) 10. List three of the goods traded in ancient times.   A. B. C. Short Answer Questions (4 Points Each Question) 11. Is intelligence the same as knowledge? 12. In what way can it be said that Eratosthenes explored the earth? 13. Who were the great explorers and navigators of the ancient world? 14. The Bible in Acts 27 describes a ship wreck on what sea? 15. What are the special properties of asbestos and coal? 16. Why were spices so strongly desired by people in Marco Polo’s day? 17. Why were spices more expensive in Portugal than in other countries of Europe? 18. Why did Prince Henry leave Lisbon? 

93

19. Why did Columbus think the route west to India would be shorter than the one east around Africa? 20. Why did friends and relatives of Columbus’ crew weep as they put out to sea? Applied Learning Activity (18 Points Total; 2 Points Each Answer) Fill in the blanks for 21 through 27, using the following choices: a. Bartholomeu Dias, b. Vasco da Gama c. 1497, d. 1488, e. Equator, f. Prime Meridian, g. Atlantic Ocean, h. Indian Ocean, i. Mediterranean Sea 21. ________________ traveled along the coast and around the southern tip of Africa in the year _______. 22. ________________ traveled to India in the year _______.

23. _________

24. _________ 27. _________

26. _________

25. _________

94  

Q

Exploring Earth Concepts & Comprehension

Scope: Chapters 6–10

Quiz 2

Total score: ____of 100

Name

Matching (2 Points Each Question) Match each type of wind with an example: 1. gentle

a. cat’s paw

2. dry

b. dust devil

3. rain

c. monsoon

4. windstorm

d. Santa Ana

5. whirlwind

e. twister

6. tornado

f. typhoon

7. hurricane

g. willy-willy

8. Hezekiah

a. carried a copy of Number Four on the Bounty.

9. Christopher Columbus

b. discovered the principle of the pendulum.

10. Galileo

c. had no accurate clock on his voyages.

11. Christian Huygens

d. made the first accurate clock for sea voyages.

12. John Harrison

e. made the first pendulum clock.

13. William Bligh

f. prayed for longer life.

Multiple Choice Questions (4 Points Each) 14. The land Leif Eriksson called Vinland was probably along (A. the North American coast, B. islands north of Scotland). 15. The Straits of Magellan are at the southern tip of (A. Africa, B. South America). 16. Sea breezes are caused by (A. convection, B. tides). 17. The ancient Greeks (A. did not know about tides, B. knew all about tides). 18. Isaac Newton’s book, Principia, is (A. a lost manuscript, B. the most important science book ever published). 19. Tides are caused by the gravitational attraction of the moon and (A. the earth’s core, B. the sun). 20. Sailors sometimes caused their compasses to give false readings by (A. mounting them too high in the ship, B. putting iron objects too near the compass needle). 21. The geographic north pole and the magnetic north pole fall (A. at the same place, B. several hundred miles from one another). 22. The earth’s magnetic field is vast (A. and very powerful, B. but weak).

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95

Short Answer Questions (5 Points Each Question) 23. Why are the Vikings not given credit for the scientific discovery of the new world? 24. What more does successful exploration require than brave captains and crews? 25. Describe some of the reasons that predicting tides is difficult. 26. Describe some of the benefits of tides. 27. Describe how the dip compass proved that a compass needle points to the earth’s magnetic poles rather than the heavens. 28. Explain the difference between local time and Greenwich time. Applied Learning Activity (8 Points Total: 2 Point Each) Label the moon phases.

29._____________

Tidal bulge

30._____________

SUN

31._____________

Moon’s orbit around Earth Earth’s orbit around sun

96  

32._____________

Q

Exploring Earth Concepts & Comprehension

Quiz 3

Scope: Chapters 11–15

Total score: ____of 100

Name

Matching (2 Points Each) 1. litho 2. hydro 3. atmosphere 4. Himalayas mountain range 5. Moho discontinuity 6. bathysphere 7. Marianas Trench

a. deepest point in the ocean b. dividing line between mantle and crust c. prefix meaning “stone” d. prefix meaning “water” e. the sphere of gas f. William Beebe’s ship for deep sea diving g. a wrinkle in the crust of the earth

Identify Each Description as Being of the Nile, Amazon, or Yangtze (2 Points Each) 8. Along its banks are pyramids _______________________________ 9. Flows through central Asia _______________________________ 10. Flows through desert _______________________________ 11. Flows through rain forest _______________________________ 12. Has a swift current through deep gorges _______________________________ 13. Has more than 500 tributaries _______________________________ 14. Its source is in Tibet _______________________________ 15. Largest river (by water flow) _______________________________ 16. Longest river _______________________________ 17. Moses was hidden in a floating crib upon this river _______________________________ 18. Named after a fearsome tribe of female warriors _______________________________ 19. Papyrus grows along its banks _______________________________ Multiple Answer Question (2 Points Each Answer) 20. List five natural sights found in Yellowstone.  A.  B.  C.  D.  E.



97

Multiple Choice Questions (4 Points Each) 21. People who received sinecures were A. given command of the best ships B. not expected to work 22. The first person who tried to trace out the Gulf Stream was A. Benjamin Franklin B. English mail ships 23. The primary factor in giving ocean currents their life is A. migration of whales. B. temperature differences 24. Professor Cuvier believed fossils were caused by A. a series of worldwide disasters. B. slow changes in the earth’s climate 25. The Great Lakes were formed by A. melting glaciers B. underground springs 26. The first European to see the Mississippi River was A. Hernando de Soto B. Napoleon 27. The Missouri-Mississippi is A. surprisingly short B. the third longest river in the world Short Answer Questions (4 Points Each Question) 28. Why did captains of British mail ships not listen to the captains of American whaling vessels? 29. Describe some of the effects of ocean currents upon sea life and climate. 30. Describe some of the ways scientists explore the solid part of the earth. 31. Describe how gasoline and iron pellets caused Piccard’s ship to sink and rise. 32. What is a great river in your area? Why do you consider it great? 33. Explain the role of photography in helping make Yellowstone the world’s first national park.

98  

Q

Exploring Earth Concepts & Comprehension

Quiz 4

Scope: Chapters 16–20

Total score: ____of 100

Name

Multiple Choice Questions (4 Points Each) 1. Evangelista Torricelli used mercury in a long glass tube to measure A. atmospheric pressure B. depth of a water well 2. A barometer A. is an air pump B. measures air pressure 3. Blaise Pascal showed that as one climbs a mountain, air pressure becomes A. greater B. less 4. Otto von Guericke showed that air pressure could hold together two spheres A. except during a lightning storm B. against the pull of two teams of horses 5. The first hot air balloons were made by A. sons of famous scientists B. sons of a paper manufacturer 6. The Montgolfiers built a balloon big enough to carry A. two sheep and a goat B. two human beings 7. Professor Jacques Charles made a balloon that replaced hot air with A. carbon dioxide gas B. hydrogen gas 8. Joseph Gay-Lussac took scientific instruments with him in his balloon and went A. across the English Channel B. to a great height 9. Leonardo da Vinci invented A. the parachute B. the first powered airplane 10. Otto Lilenthal died A. from a mishap with a glider B. while sailing a boat 11. The Wright Brothers A. were employed at the Smithsonian Institution B. manufactured bicycles 12. Who concluded that “man will not fly for a thousand years” A. the New York Times B. the United States Weather Service



99

13. A photograph was taken of Robert Goddard’s first rocket flight by A. a newspaper reporter B. his wife 14. Wernher von Braun’s book titled The Mars Project was A. eagerly purchased by a major New York publisher B. turned down by 18 publishers 15. The first country to put an artificial satellite into orbit around the earth was A. Japan B. the Soviet Union 16. The first American satellite was put into orbit by a group led by A. Robert Goddard B. Wernher von Braun Multiple Answer Question (4 Points Each Answer) 17. What does controlled flight mean? What does powered flight mean? A. B. Short Answer Questions (6 Points Each Question) 18. What was the “invisible college”? 19. Although Robert Hooke built the improved air pump, Robert Boyle is given credit as the inventor of the improved pump. Why is this? 20. Describe how professor Jacques Charles could control the rise and fall of his balloon. 21. How did space travel change human beings’ understanding of the earth? Applied Learning Activity (4 Points) 22. Chapter 20 states, “Exploration is not merely the quest for new lands. It is the quest for knowledge. Within the earth, within the seas, and beyond the earth to the moon and planets, the quest for knowledge goes on.” What story of exploration may be written by you?

100  

T

Exploring Earth Concepts & Comprehension

Test

Scope: Chapters 1–20

Total score: ____of 100

Name

Matching (1 Point Each Question) 1. Hezekiah

a. carried a copy of Number Four on the Bounty.

2. Christopher Columbus

b. discovered the principle of the pendulum.

3. Galileo

c. had no accurate clock on his voyages.

4. Christian Huygens

d. made the first accurate clock for sea voyages.

5. John Harrison

e. made the first pendulum clock.

6. William Bligh

f. prayed for longer life.

7. litho

a. deepest point in the ocean

8. hydro

b. dividing line between mantle and crust

9. atmosphere

c. prefix meaning “stone”

10. Himalayas mountain range

d. prefix meaning “water”

11. Moho discontinuity

e. the sphere of gas

12. bathysphere

f. William Beebe’s ship for deep sea diving

13. Marianas Trench

g. a wrinkle in the crust of the earth

Multiple Answer Questions (2 Points Each Answer) 14. List three of the goods traded in ancient times.  A.  B.  C. 15. List five natural sights found in Yellowstone.  A.  B.  C.  D.  E. Multiple Choice Questions (2 Points Each Question) 16. Eratosthenes needed to know the distance from Syene to Alexandria to A. prove the earth is round B. calculate the distance around the earth 

101

17. The Roman Empire was replaced by A. the Industrial Revolution B. numerous small kingdoms 18. The Portuguese reached India by sailing to the tip of Africa and heading A. east B. west 19. When Columbus stepped ashore in the new world he A. built a monument to himself and Queen Isabella B. fell to his knees and gave thanks to God 20. The Straits of Magellan are at the southern tip of A. Africa B. South America 21. Sea breezes are caused by A. convection B. tides 22. The geographic north pole and the magnetic north pole fall A. at the same place B. several hundred miles from one another 23. The earth’s magnetic field is vast A. and very powerful B. but weak 24. The first person who tried to trace out the Gulf Stream was A. Benjamin Franklin B. English mail ships 25. The primary factor in giving ocean currents their life is A. migration of whales B. temperature differences 26. Professor Cuvier believed fossils were caused by A. a series of worldwide disasters B. slow changes in the earth’s climate 27. The Great Lakes were formed by A. melting glaciers B. underground springs 28. Professor Jacques Charles made a balloon that replaced hot air with A. carbon dioxide gas B. hydrogen gas 29. Joseph Gay-Lussac took scientific instruments with him in his balloon and went A. across the English Channel B. to a great height

102  

30. Leonardo da Vinci invented A. the parachute B. the first powered airplane 31. The first country to put an artificial satellite into orbit around the earth was A. Japan B. the Soviet Union Short Answer Questions (2 Points Each Question) 32. Who were the great explorers and navigators of the ancient world? 33. What are the special properties of asbestos and coal? 34. Why were spices so strongly desired by people in Marco Polo’s day? 35. What more does successful exploration require than brave captains and crews? 36. Describe some of the reasons that predicting tides is difficult. 37. Explain the difference between local time and Greenwich time. 38. Describe some of the effects of ocean currents upon sea life and climate. 39. Describe some of the ways scientists explore the solid part of the earth. 40. Describe how gasoline and iron pellets caused Piccard’s ship to sink and rise. Identify Each Description as Being of the Nile, Amazon, or Yangtze (1 Point Each) 41. Along its banks are pyramids _______________________________ 42. Flows through central Asia _______________________________ 43. Flows through desert _______________________________ 44. Flows through rain forest _______________________________ 45. Has a swift current through deep gorges _______________________________ 46. Has more than 500 tributaries _______________________________ 47. Its source is in Tibet _______________________________ 48. Largest river (by water flow) _______________________________ 49. Longest river _______________________________ 

103

50. Moses was hidden in a floating crib upon this river _______________________________ 51. Named after a fearsome tribe of female warriors _______________________________ 52. Papyrus grows along its banks _______________________________ Applied Learning Activity (9 Points Total: 1 Point Each Answer) Fill in the blanks for 53 through 59, using the following choices: a. Bartholomeu Dias, b. Vasco da Gama c. 1497, d. 1488, e. Equator, f. Prime Meridian, g. Atlantic Ocean, h. Indian Ocean, i. Mediterranean Sea 53. ________________ traveled along the coast and around the southern tip of Africa in the year _______. 54. ________________ traveled to India in the year _______.

55. _________

56. _________ 59. _________

58. _________

57. _________

104  

Q

Exploring Chemistry Concepts & Comprehension

Fill-in-the-Blank Questions

Quiz 1

Scope: Chapters 1–4

Total score: ____of 100

Name

(4 Points Each Answer)

1. Ancient people hammered the soft, pure iron from _______________ into useful tools. 2. Cast iron, steel, and wrought iron differ only in the amount of_______________they contain. 3. Gold, silver, and _______________ are known as the coinage metals. 4. The seven ancient metals are gold, silver, copper, iron, tin, lead, and ___________. 5. The single most important compound of sulfur is _______________ acid. 6. The element that charcoal, coal, graphite, and diamond have in common is _______________. 7. The Middle Ages are also known as the _______________ Ages. 8. State the chemical formula: _____ water _____ carbon dioxide _____hydrochloric acid Multiple Choice Questions

(3 Points Each)

9. Charcoal is A. a meteorite that fell from the heavens C. made of almost pure oxygen

B. a type of coal found in the earth D. wood that has been heated without oxygen

10. Which of these forms of iron is the purest? A. cast iron   B. charcoal   C. steel   D. wrought iron 11. Steel is quenched by A. burying it in the earth C. heating and thrusting it into cold water

B. heating it in an oven for several days D. holding it overhead for lightning to strike

12. The first metal mentioned in both the Old and New Testaments is A. copper  B. gold  C. iron  D. tin 13. Bronze and brass are both alloys that contain A. copper  B. gold  C. iron  D. silver 14. Ancient people made musical instruments of A. copper alloy   B. iron and mercury   C. sulfur and carbon   D. tin and lead 15. The Statue of Liberty has a skin of A. copper  B. gold  C. steel  D. zinc 16. Another name for mercury is A. calliston  B. cuprum  C. plumbum  D. quicksilver 17. Goodyear discovered vulcanized rubber when he A. added carbon to sulfur B. heated sulfur with raw rubber C. put rubber under intense pressure D. treated rubber with sulfuric acid 18. The Royal Society was formed to A. buy scientific equipment C. help write better science textbooks

B. communicate new ideas rapidly D. teach the king about science Second Semester / Fourth Quarter  

105

19. Cavendish released the gas hydrogen by exposing metals to A. ammonia B. hydrochloric acid C. carbon dioxide D. intense heat and pressure 20. The name hydrogen means A. colorless   B. lacking odor   C. lighter than air   D. water generator 21. If a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen are exposed to a flame A. a violent explosion results B. electricity is generated C. the fire goes out D. the mixture becomes dry 22. The gas that Priestley released by heating a mercury compound was A. carbon dioxide  B. hydrogen  C. nitrogen  D. oxygen True/False

(2 Points Each)

23. T F The only purpose of carbon in smelting iron from its ore is so it will burn and supply heat. 24. T F A 14-carat gold ring is pure gold. 25. T F The primary goal of alchemists was to make gold from cheap metals. 26. T F Hydrogen is an abundant element on earth. Applied Learning Activity Give the chemical symbol and place each one correctly on the Periodic Table of Elements (1 Point Each) 27. _____ hydrogen  28. ____ carbon  29. _____ nitrogen  30. _____ oxygen  31. _____ chlorine Place the correct symbol for questions 27 – 31 on the chart below. (1 Point Each)

106   Second Semester / Fourth Quarter

Q

Exploring Chemistry Concepts & Comprehension

Fill-in-the-Blank Questions

Quiz 2

Scope: Chapters 5–8

Total score: ____of 100

Name

(2 Points Each Answer)

1. An arc light generates light as electricity jumps across the gap between two _______________ electrodes. 2. The smallest objects that have the chemical properties of an element are _______________. Multiple Choice Questions

(4 Points Each)

3. Alessandro Volta built the first A. arc lamp C. battery to produce electric current

B. device to make electricity by friction D. miner’s safety lantern

4. Current electricity is due to the motion of A. electrons  B. frog legs  C. neutrons  D. protons 5. The one who unwisely tasted and sniffed new chemicals was A. Benjamin Franklin B. Humphry Davy C. Michael Faraday D. Robert Wood 6. Davy discovered potassium by treating potash with A. a hot arc lamp C. carbon in a blast furnace

B. heat from a large burning lens D. electricity from a strong battery

7. Dmitri Mendeleev was born in A. China  B. Russia  C. Spain  D. United States 8. The first college that Dmitri Mendeleev attended was one A. to prepare farmers B. to teach philosophy C. for chemists D. to train teachers 9. Mendeleev believed an organized table of the elements would A. discourage his students B. help his students C. show chemistry to be a difficult subject D. make him a lot of money 10. Dmitri Mendeleev set about organizing the table of elements by A. asking students to vote on their most popular element B. collecting samples of each element C. entering information about the elements in a computer D. writing information about the elements on note cards 11. To silence critics of his table, Mendeleev A. appealed to the government to arrest them B. asked his friends to argue his case C. left the country D. predicted the properties of three missing elements 12. The three most important tools for making advances in chemistry were electricity, the periodic law, and the A. law of buoyancy B. microscope C. spectroscope D. telescope Second Semester / Fourth Quarter  

107

13. The first element discovered by the spectroscope was A. cesium  B. helium  C. kryptonite  D. uranium 14. Henry Cavendish combined oxygen with nitrogen by using A. an electric spark   B. high heat   C. intense cold   D. great pressure 15. The name helium means from A. Helena, Montana   B. the hills   C. the sun   D. uranium 16. The noble gas family is also known as the A. empire of the sun family C. Ramsay and Rayleigh families

B. inert gases D. strange family

17. William Crookes did scientific experimentation A. because he enjoyed it B. to discover a way to make synthetic gold C. to earn money for his poor family D. to prove the worth of English research 18. A radiometer A. compares the colors of different elements B. measures the strength of radiant energy C. was an early form of the barometer D. was an early form of the radio 19. Most alpha particles entered the gold foil and A. bounced out in all directions C. passed straight through

B. caused the gold to become radioactive D. were absorbed, never to be seen again

20. About 1 alpha particle in 10,000 A. bounced out in the same direction it entered C. passed through the gold foil

B. caused a spark of light D. turned into gold

True and False

(3 Points Each)

21. T F Static electricity was unknown to the ancient Greeks. 22. T F Dmitri Mendeleev organized his table of the elements by atomic weight and valence. 23 T F Only one of Mendeleev’s missing elements has been found. 24. T F Fraunhofer saw the lines in the spectrum while testing the quality of a prism. 25. T F Robert Bunsen invented the Bunsen burner. 26. T F Argon helps make light bulbs last longer. 27. T F According to Dalton, atoms of the same element are identical in all their properties, including their weight. 28. T F For many years chemists ignored John Dalton’s atomic theory of matter and refused to accept it.

108   Second Semester / Fourth Quarter

Q

Exploring Chemistry Concepts & Comprehension

Fill-in-the-Blank Questions

Quiz 3

Scope: Chapters 9–12

Total score: ____of 100

Name

(4 Points Each Answer)

1. Timbuktu is located at the edge of the _______________ Desert. 2. The purple dye containing bromine was prepared by Phoenicians who lived in the city of _______________. 3. Carbon needs _______________ more electrons to have its electrons in the stable arrangement like the electrons of neon. 4. The number of chlorine atoms in carbon tetrachloride is _______________. 5. The elements found in organic compounds include hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and _______________. Underline the Correct Answer

(2 Points Each Answer)

6. Chlorinating drinking water was first tried in London in 1897 to (A. prevent tooth decay, B. stop an outbreak of typhoid fever). 7. Sodium and chlorine families form compounds by (A. sharing electrons, B. electrical attraction). 8. Oxygen and hydrogen form the water molecule by (A. exchanging, B. sharing) electrons. 9. Liquid water (A. expands, B. contracts) when it changes into ice. 10. Ice (A. floats, B. sinks) in water. 11. Snow conducts heat (A. well, B. poorly). 12. In cool water, molecules move more (A. quickly, B. slowly) than in warm water. 13. The one that boils at a hotter temperature is (A. methane, B. water). 14. When burned with oxygen, natural gas releases carbon dioxide and (A. sulfuric acid, B. water). 15. Paraffin is an example of a (A. short, B. long) hydrocarbon chain. 16. Teflon is (A. sticky, B. slick). 17. Ethyl alcohol and dimethyl ether are examples of (A. polymers; B. isomers). 18. Salt is an example of a compound that is (A. formed by living organisms, B. found in the non-living environment). 19. Sugar is an example of a compound that is (A. formed by living organisms, B. found in the non-living environment). Multiple Choice Questions

(3 Points Each Question)

20. The plus sign, +, for the charged sodium atom, Na+, shows that it A. carries a negative charge B. has more protons than electrons C. is made of a single proton D. is too big to take part in chemical reaction

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21. The charged sodium atom, Na+, and the charged chlorine atom, Cl-, will A. attract one another B. come together and destroy one another C. produce an electric current D. repel one another 22. Another name for the chlorine family is A. acid makers   B. alkali makers   C. radioactive family   D. salt makers 23. A diagram of a water molecule shows it as A. a constantly shifting molecule that is never the same way twice   B. a long chain C. an oxygen atom face with hydrogen atom ears   D. a molecule shaped like a pyramid 24. The Nile River continues to flow through deserts because A. it is fed by desert springs B. it is fed by melting snow in the mountains C. rain falls year-round in Egypt D. water is too heavy to evaporate 25. Water boils at A. 0ºC [32ºF] C. -161ºC [-258ºF]

B. 100ºC [212ºF] D. various temperatures depending on the phase of the moon

26. Methane is also known as what kind of gas? A. marsh B. mustard C. poison D. tear 27. A hydrocarbon is a compound that contains only carbon and A. chlorine  B. fluorine  C. hydrogen  D. oxygen 28. Leo Baekeland discovered the substance he called Bakelite while trying to make a substitute for A. a dye   B. a perfume    C. eye shadow   D. shellac 29. When Leo Baekeland mixed carbolic acid and formaldehyde, the result was A. a substance that clogged test tubes B. a substance with the smell of new-mown hay C. a thin liquid D. an explosive gas True and False (2 Points Each) 30. T F Although salt flavors food, it has no other purpose in the diet. 31. T F Water is the most common liquid on earth. 32. T F Wilson Bentley became wealthy from his hobby of photographing snowflakes. 33. T F The ozone layer reduces the effect of harmful ultraviolet rays from the sun. 34. T F Freon is used for refrigeration. 35. T F Whenever a liquid evaporates, it warms its surroundings. 36. T F Methanol is burned as a fuel in racing engines. 37. T F Chemical reactions follow a different set of rules in living things than they do in the laboratory. 38. T F No one has ever succeeded in making organic compounds in the laboratory. 39. T F After he became successful, William Henry Perkin retired from chemical research. 40. T F Although Bakelite was the first plastic, it was immediately replaced by better ones and proved a disappointing failure to Leo Baekeland.

110   Second Semester / Fourth Quarter

Q

Exploring Chemistry Concepts & Comprehension

Matching

Scope: Chapters 13–16

Quiz 4

Total score: ____of 100

Name

(2 Points Each)

1. ____ helped found the Royal Society. He also defined an element. 2. ____ was an eccentric English chemist who discovered hydrogen. 3. ____ was a Frenchman who burned a diamond. He stated the law of conservation of matter. 4. ____ stated the atomic theory of matter. 5. ____ used electricity to free sodium and other elements from their ores. 6. ____ suggested the use of chemical symbols for elements. 7. ____ was Davy’s assistant who discovered benzene. 8. ____ was a French chemist who became a medical researcher. 9. ____made the first periodic table of the elements. 10. ____ discovered the family of inert gases. a. Jöns Jakob Berzelius

b. Robert Boyle

c. Henry Cavendish

d. John Dalton

e. Humphry Davy

f. Michael Faraday

g. Antoine Laurent Lavoisier

h. Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev

i. Louis Pasteur

j. William Ramsay

Fill-in-the-Blank Questions

(4 Points Each Answer)

11. The essential element in explosives is _______________. 12. Nitrocellulose is a combination of a _______________ compound with cellulose. Multiple Choice Questions

(4 Points Each Question)

13. Cellulose gives plant cells their A. ability to do photosynthesis C. daily supply of water

B. color D. strong cell walls

14. Abraham Lincoln’s great construction project was to connect California to the East Coast with A. an interstate highway B. a pony express route C. a railroad D. a telegraph line. 15. Diatoms have cell walls of A. cellulose  B. dynamite  C. nitroglycerin  D. silica 16. Blasting caps are used A. for safe detonation of explosives C. to contain an explosion

B. for small explosions D. to control the direction of an explosion

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17. Silicon carbide was discovered while trying to make synthetic A. diamond  B. glass  C. rubies  D. Silly Putty 18. Stained glass was colored A. because church officials did not want people to look outside during church services B. to hide the fact that glass makers could not make clear glass C. to prevent it from melting D. because people did not like clear glass 19. A gem’s value is due to its A. beauty   B. cost   C. rarity   D. all of the above 20. The Star of India is A. a diamond   B. a sapphire   C. a synthetic ruby   D. an opal 21. Silicon is an electric A. conductor   B. insulator    C. semiconductor   D. none of the above 22. France’s Emperor Napoleon III had table sets made of A. aluminum  B. copper  C. frozen nitrogen  D. uranium 23. The six-pound metallic top to the Washington Monument is made of A. aluminum  B. gold  C. silver  D. uranium 24. The foil used to wrap foods is made of A. aluminum  B. steel  C. copper  D. zinc 25. Uranium ore is A. galena  B. hematite  C. pitchblende  D. sulfur dioxide 26. The radioactive element used in smoke detectors is A. americium  B. curium  C. radium  D. uranium Underline the Correct Answer

(2 Points Each Answer)

27. The powder in the expression “keep your powder dry” was (A. diatomaceous earth, B. gunpowder). 28. Guncotton would be described as being (A. a safe and effective explosive, B. unpredictable and capable of exploding without warning). 29. Ascanio Sobrero’s reaction to nitroglycerin was to (A. announce its discovery at a chemical congress, B. keep it secret). 30. Silicon is the (A. most abundant, B. second most abundant) element in the earth’s crust. 31. The one that can resist sudden changes in temperature is (A. glass, B. quartz). 32. The one better able to lubricate across extreme temperatures is (A. hydrocarbon motor oil, B. silicone oil). 33. The element found in computer chips is (A. carbon, B. silicon). 34. The one discovered first was the (A. planet Uranus, B. element uranium).

112   Second Semester / Fourth Quarter

T

Exploring Chemistry Concepts & Comprehension

Matching

Test 1

Scope: Chapters 1–16

Total score: ____of 100

Name

(1 Point Each)

1. ____ helped found the Royal Society. He also defined an element. 2. ____ was an eccentric English chemist who discovered hydrogen. 3. ____ was a Frenchman who burned a diamond. He stated the law of conservation of matter. 4. ____ stated the atomic theory of matter. 5. ____ used electricity to free sodium and other elements from their ores. 6. ____ suggested the use of chemical symbols for elements. 7. ____ was Davy’s assistant who discovered benzene. 8. ____ was a French chemist who became a medical researcher. 9. ____made the first periodic table of the elements. 10. ____ discovered the family of inert gases. a. Jöns Jakob Berzelius

b. Robert Boyle

c. Henry Cavendish

d. John Dalton

e. Humphry Davy

f. Michael Faraday

g. Antoine Laurent Lavoisier

h. Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev

i. Louis Pasteur

j. William Ramsay

Fill-in-the-Blank Questions

(1 Point Each Answer)

11. Ancient people hammered the soft pure iron from _______________ into useful tools. 12. Cast iron, steel, and wrought iron differ only in the amount of _______________ they contain. 13. Gold, silver, and _______________ are known as the coinage metals. 14. The seven ancient metals are gold, silver, copper, iron, tin, lead, and ___________. 15. The single most important compound of sulfur is _______________ acid. 16. The element that charcoal, coal, graphite, and diamond have in common is _______________. 17. The Middle Ages are also known as the _______________ Ages. 18. State the chemical formula: _____ water  _____ carbon dioxide  _____ hydrochloric acid 19. An arc light generates light as electricity jumps across the gap between two _______________ electrodes. 20. The smallest objects that have the chemical properties of an element are _______________. 21. Timbuktu is located at the edge of the _______________ Desert.

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22. The purple dye containing bromine was prepared by Phoenicians who lived in the city of _______________. 23. Carbon needs _______________ more electrons to have its electrons in the stable arrangement like the electrons of neon. 24. The number of chlorine atoms in carbon tetrachloride is _______________. 25. The elements found in organic compounds include hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and _____________. 26. The essential element in explosives is _______________. 27. Nitrocellulose is a combination of a _______________ compound with cellulose. Multiple Choice Questions

(2 Points Each Question)

28. The Statue of Liberty has a skin of A. copper B. gold C. steel D. zinc 29. Another name for mercury is A. calliston B. cuprum C. plumbum D. quicksilver 30. Goodyear discovered vulcanized rubber when he A. added carbon to sulfur B. heated sulfur with raw rubber C. put rubber under intense pressure D. treated rubber with sulfuric acid 31. The Royal Society was formed to A. buy scientific equipment C. help write better science textbooks

B. communicate new ideas rapidly D. teach the king about science

32. To silence critics of his table, Mendeleev A. appealed to the government to arrest them B. asked his friends to argue his case C. left the country D. predicted the properties of three missing elements 33. The three most important tools for making advances in chemistry were electricity, the periodic law, and the A. law of buoyancy B. microscope C. spectroscope D. telescope 34. The first element discovered by the spectroscope was A. cesium  B. helium  C. kryptonite  D. uranium 35. Henry Cavendish combined oxygen with nitrogen by using A. an electric spark   B. high heat   C. intense cold   D. great pressure 36. The charged sodium atom, Na+, and the charged chlorine atom, Cl-, will A. attract one another B. come together and destroy one another C. produce an electric current D. repel one another 37. Another name for the chlorine family is A. acid makers   B. alkali makers   C. radioactive family   D. salt makers 38. A diagram of a water molecule shows it as A. a constantly shifting molecule that is never the same way twice B. a long chain C. an oxygen atom face with hydrogen atom ears D. a molecule shaped like a pyramid 114   Second Semester / Fourth Quarter

39. The Nile River continues to flow through deserts because A. it is fed by desert springs B. it is fed by melting snow in the mountains C. rain falls year-round in Egypt D. water is too heavy to evaporate 40. A gem’s value is due to its A. beauty   B. cost   C. rarity   D. all of the above 41. The Star of India is A. a diamond   B. a sapphire   C. a synthetic ruby   D. an opal 42. Silicon is an electric A. conductor   B. insulator   C. semiconductor   D. none of the above 43. France’s Emperor Napoleon III had table sets made of A. aluminum  B. copper  C. frozen nitrogen  D. uranium Underline the Correct Answer

(1 Point Each Answer)

44. Chlorinating drinking water was first tried in London in 1897 to (A. prevent tooth decay, B. stop an outbreak of typhoid fever). 45. Sodium and chlorine families form compounds by (A. sharing electrons, B. electrical attraction). 46. Oxygen and hydrogen form the water molecule by (A. exchanging, B. sharing) electrons. 47. Silicon is the (A. most abundant, B. second most abundant) element in the earth’s crust. 48. The element found in computer chips is (A. carbon, B. silicon). True and False (1 Point Each Answer) 49.  T F The only purpose of carbon in smelting iron from its ore is so it will burn and supply heat. 50.  T F A 14-carat gold ring is pure gold. 51.  T F The primary goal of alchemists was to make gold from cheap metals. 52.  T F Hydrogen is an abundant element on earth. 53.  T F Static electricity was unknown to the ancient Greeks. 54.  T F Dmitri Mendeleev organized his table of the elements by atomic weight and valence. 55.  T F Only one of Mendeleev’s missing elements has been found. 56.  T F Fraunhofer saw the lines in the spectrum while testing the quality of a prism. 57.  T F Robert Bunsen invented the Bunsen burner. 58.  T F Argon helps make light bulbs last longer. 59.  T F According to Dalton, atoms of the same element are identical in all their properties, including their weight. 60.  T F For many years chemists ignored John Dalton’s atomic theory of matter and refused to accept it. 61.  T F Although salt flavors food, it has no other purpose in the diet.

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62.  T F Water is the most common liquid on earth. 63.  T F Wilson Bentley became wealthy from his hobby of photographing snowflakes. 64.  T F The ozone layer reduces the effect of harmful ultraviolet rays from the sun. 65.  T F Freon is used for refrigeration. 66.  T F Whenever a liquid evaporates, it warms its surroundings. 67.  T F Methanol is burned as a fuel in racing engines. 68.  T F Chemical reactions follow a different set of rules in living things than they do in the laboratory. 69.  T F No one has ever succeeded in making organic compounds in the laboratory. 70.  T F After he became successful, William Henry Perkin retired from chemical research. 71.  T F Although Bakelite was the first plastic, it was immediately replaced by better ones and proved a disappointing failure to Leo Baekeland. Applied Learning Activity 72. Give the chemical symbol and place each one correctly on the Periodic Table of Elements. (1 Point Each) _____ hydrogen  ____ carbon  _____ nitrogen  _____ oxygen  _____ chlorine Place the correct symbol for question 72 on the chart below. (1 Point Each)

116   Second Semester / Fourth Quarter

Answer Keys

Exploring Planet Earth Chapter 1 1. A. knowledge about the earth 2. B. Egypt 3. A. the greatest library in the ancient world 4. B. calculate the distance around the earth 5. B. small 6. Answer varies; intelligence is the faculty of thought and reason, knowledge is specific information about something 7. Answer varies; although not as knowledgeable, many were as intelligent 8. Answer varies; he revealed knowledge about the size of the earth Chapter 2 1. Phoenicians 2. Answer varies; Ursa Major, big bear, great bear and its cubs, sky chariot 3. Any three of cedar, cloth, purple dye, papyrus, ivory, ebony, silk, spices 4. He described the sun at noon as being in the northern half of the sky, which is true for observers in the Southern Hemisphere in summer 5. the Mediterranean 6. Answer varies; travel on the Atlantic was more dangerous than on the Mediterranean Sea, people around the coast of the Mediterranean thought of themselves as civilized and everyone else as barbarians Chapter 3 1. B. numerous small kingdoms 2. B. threw strangers into prison 3. B. Kublai Khan 4. A. ambassador 5. A. a fleet of sailing ships 6. B. 24 years 7. B. a jail cell 8. Answer varies; asbestos is a mineral that appears to be a fabric and does not burn, coal is an 118  

Worksheet Answer Keys organic material that appears to be a rock but does burn 9. Answer varies; his descriptions of China often included the phrase “millions” 10. Answer varies; to give variety to the taste of food and conceal the fact that the food might be spoiled Chapter 4 1. A. latitude 2. A. finding their longitude 3. A. go to a chapel to pray 4. A. east 5. Answer varies; because of being transported from a greater distance and taxes 6. Answer varies; a legendary Christian leader in Africa who was separated from Europe by the Arab empire 7. Answer varies; court affairs in Lisbon constantly interrupted his studies 8. Answer varies; because of his single-minded determination to improve navigation and find a route to India Chapter 5 1. B. studies the best maps, charts and books, including those of Ptolemy and Marco Polo 2. B. fell to his knees and gave thanks to God 3. B. “The Saviour” 4. B. sailor 5. B. in chains 6. B. Amerigo Vespucius, an Italian navigator 7. Answer varies; because of his incorrect information that the earth was 18,000 miles around, not the correct distance of about 25,000 miles 8. Answer varies; they didn’t expect to see ships or men again Chapter 6 1. B. Viking

2. A. Greenland 3. A. the North American coast 4. A. a change in climate 5. B. South America 6. A. storm-tossed they test a sea captain’s skill 7. B. he died during the fighting between two native tribes in the Philippines 8. Answer varies; they did not make the discovery known to the rest of Europe 9. Answer varies; knowledge is also needed of winds, ocean currents, earth’s magnetic fields, tide tables, also needed are accurate clocks Chapter 7 1. gentle — a. cat’s paw 2. dry — c. Santa Ana 3. rain — c. monsoon 4. windstorm — g. willy-willy 5. whirlwind — b. dust devil 6. tornado — e. twister 7. hurricane — f. typhoon 8. B. rotation of the earth 9. A. convection Chapter 8 1. A. did not know about tides 2. B. tides 3. B. because of winds and weather conditions 4. B. Isaac Newton 5. B. the most important science book ever published 6. A. Bible study 7. B. the sun 8. Answer varies; tides are not directly under the moon, friction along the ocean’s floor, they are affected by the sun, the shape of the land they strike, and weather conditions 9. Answer varies; tides change levels of shallow bays so ship can enter, and they provide power Chapter 9 1. B. putting an iron object too near the compass needle

2. B. William Gilbert 3. B. several hundred miles from one another 4. B. but weak 5. sudden changes in compass readings (they produce the northern lights, too, but not the northern lights alone) 6. Answer varies; a dip compass is mounted to point up and down, when taken to the north magnetic pole it points down rather than up to the North Star Chapter 10 1. 0 2. 24 3. 360 4. 10 5. Hezekiah — f. prayed for a longer life 6. Christopher Columbus — c. had no accurate clock on his voyages 7. Galileo — b. discovered the principle of the pendulum 8. Christian Huygens — e. made the first pendulum clock 9. John Harrison — d. made the first accurate clock for sea voyages 10. William Bligh — a. carried a copy of Number Four on the Bounty 11. Answer varies; local time is measured by the position of the sun at a particular location, Greenwich time is the time measured by the position of the sun in Greenwich, England Chapter 11 1. B. not expected to work 2. A. Benjamin Franklin 3. A. the Gulf Stream 4. B. temperature differences 5. B. the Bible 6. Answer varies; they thought they were wiser than the simple American fisherman and ignored their advice 7. Answer varies; currents transport oxygen-rich water from the surface to deep trenches, England is warmer because of the Gulf Stream,   119

the cold Humboldt current prevents moisture from evaporating as readily and parts of South America are desserts, the temperature of parts of California and Florida are moderated by being close to the ocean Chapter 12 1. litho — c. prefix meaning “stone” 2. hydro — d. prefix meaning “water” 3. atmosphere — e. the sphere of gas 4. Himalayas mountain range — g. a wrinkle in the crust of the earth 5. Moho discontinuity — b. dividing line between mantle and crust 6. bathysphere — f. William Beebe’s ship for deep sea diving 7. Marianas trench — a. deepest part of the ocean 8. Answers vary; by shock (sound) waves caused by earthquakes and artificial explosions, by drilling into the earth, and by studying material brought up by volcanoes 9. Answer varies; gasoline is heavier than water and a tank of gasoline gives the bathyscaphe lift. Iron is heavier than water and causes it to sink. By releasing iron pellets, the ship will rise. Chapter 13 1. B. Greenland 2. A. a series of worldwide disasters 3. B. move like slow rivers 4. A. melting glaciers 5. A. get outside and look at it carefully Bonus Activity: Answers will vary Chapter 14 1. Nile 2. Yangtze 3. Nile 4. Amazon 5. Yangtze 6. Amazon 7. Yangtze 8. Amazon 120  

9. Nile 10. Nile 11. Amazon 12. Nile 13. Answer varies; a river is great not merely by the volume of its flow nor its length, but by its importance for its economic benefit as a source of water, transportation and food to the people who live along its banks. Chapter 15 1. A. Hernado de Soto 2. A. land drained by rivers that flow into the Mississippi from the west 3. B. Rocky Mountains 4. B. the third longest river in the world 5. A. William Henry Jackson 6. Answer varies; United States representatives and senators were influenced by the photographs that the spectacular region actually existed and should be protected for all people. 7. Answer varies; hot springs, above ground rock formations similar to those in caves, colorful mud pots, waterfalls, colorful canyon, a petrified forest, mountain of obsidian glass, geysers, plant and animal life Chapter 16 1. A. atmospheric pressure 2. B. measures air pressure 3. A. barometer that measures height above sea level 4. B. less 5. B. against the pull of two teams of horses 6. A. follows laws of science 7. answer varies; a gathering of scientists in England in the 1600s who met and exchanged ideas about the latest discoveries in science, the visible college later became the Royal Society of London 8. Answer varies; Robert Boyle developed the improved design, paid for its construction, and did experiments with it Chapter 17

1. B. sons of a paper manufacturer 2. B. lighter (less dense) than cold air 3. B. two human beings 4. B. a young nobleman and his friend 5. B. more than a hundred thousand people 6. B. hydrogen gas 7. B. to a great height 8. Answer varies; pouring sand from bags while in flight made the balloon lighter and it rose, releasing some of the hydrogen gas caused it to descend Chapter 18 1. B. heavier-than-air craft 2. A. the parachute 3. A. from a mishap with a glider 4. A. but his airplanes crashed into the Potomac River 5. B. manufactured bicycles 6. A. the New York Times newspaper 7. B. the North and South Polar regions 8. B. because the falls were discovered by a pilot named James Angel 9. Answers vary; in controlled flight the pilot can gain and lose altitude and change direction, in powered flight an engine provides thrust and

allows the airplane to take off at ground level Chapter 19 1. B. shoot hot gases out the back 2. B. his wife 3. A. proved that rockets would work in the vacuum of space 4. B. German scientists 5. B. was turned down by 18 publishers 6. B. the Soviet Union 7. B. Wernher von Braun 8. Answer varies; “Seeing earth (from space) has to change a man, has to make a man appreciate the creation of God and the love of God.” — Jim Irwin. The earth is revealed as a special creation quite unlike anything else in the solar system.

Exploring the World of Chemistry Chapter 1 1. meteorites,  2. D,  3. F,  4. D,  5. A,  6. C 7. carbon,  8. A,  9. B,  10. D,  11. F,  12. B Chapter 2 1. copper,  2. B,  3. F,  4. F,  5. F,  6. A,  7. A 8. A,  9. mercury,  10. D,  11. T,  12. C 13. Mercury,  14. D,  15. A Chapter 3 1. B,  2. A,  3. T,  4. B,  5. F,  6. sulfuric 7. B,  8. carbon,  9. A,  10. F,  11. T,  12. A 13. dark,  14. F,  15. B,  16. B,  17. B

Worksheet Answer Keys

Chapter 4 1. A,  2. B,  3. D,  4. A,  5. A,  6. T,  7. D 8. D,  9. A,  10. A,  11. B,  12. T,  13. A 14. B 15. H C N O Cl 16. H2O CO2 HCl Chapter 5 1. F,  2. B,  3. D,  4. D,  5. C,  6. A,  7. B 8. D,  9. carbon,  10. A,  11. A,  12. B,  13. A 14. D Chapter 6 1. B,  2. B,  3. D,  4. B,  5. B,  6. D,  7. T 

121

8. A,  9. C,  10. D,  11. F,  12. F,  13. A Chapter 7 1. C, 2. B, 3. B, 4. T, 5. F, 6. T, 7. A 8. T, 9. A, 10. F, 11. F, 12. A, 13. T 14. C,  15. B Chapter 8 1. B,  2. B,  3. T,  4. F,  5. F,  6. C,  7. atoms 8. A,  9. B,  10. A,  11. C,  12. A,  13. B 14. B Chapter 9 1. B,  2. A,  3. D,  4. C,  5. Sahara,  6. F 7. C,  8. B,  9. B,  10. B,  11. Tyre,  12. B Chapter 10 1. B,  2. T,  3. C,  4. A,  5. A,  6. B,  7. B 8. B,  9. F,  10. B,  11. B,  12. B,  13. A Chapter 11 1. four,  2. A,  3. C,  4. B,  5. T,  6. B,  7. four 8. F,  9. T,  10. T,  11. F,  12. T,  13. B,  14. D 15. B,  16. A,  17. B,  18. C

Exploring Planet Earth Unit One Quiz, chapters 1–5 1. A. the greatest library in the ancient world 2. B. calculate the distance around the earth 3. B. numerous small kingdoms 4. B. threw strangers into prison 5. A. finding their longitude 6. A. east 7. B. fell to his knees and gave thanks to God 8. B. “The Saviour” 9. B. Amerigo Vespucius, an Italian navigator 10. Any three of cedar, cloth, purple dye, papyrus, ivory, ebony, silk, spices 11. Answer varies; intelligence is the faculty of thought and reason, knowledge is specific information about something 12. Answer varies; he revealed knowledge about the size of the earth 13. Phoenicians 122  

Chapter 12 1. B,  2. A,  3. carbon,  4. F,  5. F,  6. A,  7. B 8. D,  9. C,  10. F,  11. F,  12. D,  13. A 14. F,  15. A Chapter 13 1. nitrogen,  2. B,  3. T,  4. F,  5. nitrogen 6. D,  7. A,  8. B,  9. B,  10. T,  11. C,  12. F 13. D,  14. A,  15. T,  16. F,  17. T Chapter 14 1. B,  2. A,  3. B,  4. T,  5. B,  6. D,  7. A 8. T,  9. F,  10. B,  11. T,  12. C,  13. B Chapter 15 1. F,  2. T,  3. A,  4. A,  5. F,  6. A,  7. F 8. T,  9. T,  10. A,  11. C,  12. T,  13. F 14. A,  15. T Chapter 16 1. b,  2. c,  3. g,  4. d,  5. e,  6. a,  7. f,  8. i 9. h,  10. j

Quiz Answer Key 14. the Mediterranean 15. Answer varies; asbestos is a mineral that appears to be a fabric and does not burn, coal is an organic material that appears to be a rock but does burn 16. Answer varies; to give variety to the taste of food and conceal the fact that the food might be spoiled 17. Answer varies; because of being transported from a greater distance and taxes 18. Answer varies; court affairs in Lisbon constantly interrupted his studies 19. Answer varies; because of his incorrect information that the earth was 18,000 miles around, not the correct distance of about 25,000 miles 20. Answer varies; they didn’t expect to see ships or men again 21. a and d

22. b and c 23. i 24. e 25. g. 26. f 27. h Unit Two Quiz, chapters 6–10 1. gentle — a. cat’s paw 2. dry — c. Santa Ana 3. rain — c. monsoon 4. windstorm — g. willy-willy 5. whirlwind — b. dust devil 6. tornado — e. twister 7. hurricane — f. typhoon 8. Hezekiah — f. prayed for a longer life 9. Christopher Columbus — c. had no accurate clock on his voyages 10. Galileo — b. discovered the principle of the pendulum 11. Christian Huygens — e. made the first pendulum clock 12. John Harrison — d. made the first accurate clock for sea voyages 13. William Bligh — a. carried a copy of Number Four on the Bounty 14. A. the North American coast 15. B. South America 16. A. convection 17. A. did not know about tides 18. B. the most important science book ever published 19. B. the sun 20. B. putting an iron object too near the compass needle 21. B. several hundred miles from one another 22. B. but weak 23. Answer varies; they did not make the discovery known to the rest of Europe 24. Answer varies; knowledge is also needed of winds, ocean currents, earth’s magnetic fields, tide tables, also needed are accurate clocks 25. Answer varies; tides are not directly under the

moon, friction along the ocean’s floor, they are affected by the sun, the shape of the land they strike, and weather conditions 26. Answer varies; tides change levels of shallow bays so ship can enter, and they provide power 27. Answer varies; a dip compass is mounted to point up and down, when taken to the north magnetic pole it points down rather than up to the North Star 28. Answer varies; local time is measured by the position of the sun at a particular location, Greenwich time is the time measured by the position of the sun in Greenwich, England 29. last quarter moon 30. full moon 31. first quarter moon 32. new moon Unit Three Quiz, chapters 11–15 1. litho — c. prefix meaning “stone” 2. hydro — d. prefix meaning “water” 3. atmosphere — e. the sphere of gas 4. Himalayas mountain range — g. a wrinkle in the crust of the earth 5. Moho discontinuity — b. dividing line between mantle and crust 6. bathysphere — f. William Beebe’s ship for deep sea diving 7. Marianas trench — a. deepest part of the ocean 8. Nile 9. Yangtze 10. Nile 11. Amazon 12. Yangtze 13. Amazon 14. Yangtze 15. Amazon 16. Nile 17. Nile 18. Amazon 19. Nile 20. Answer varies; hot springs, above ground rock formations similar to those in caves, colorful mud pots, waterfalls, colorful canyon, a   123

petrified forest, mountain of obsidian glass, geysers, plant and animal life 21. B. not expected to work 22. A. Benjamin Franklin 23. B. temperature differences 24. A. a series of worldwide disasters. 25. A. melting glaciers. 26. A. Hernando de Soto. 27. B. the third longest river in the world. 28. Answer varies; they thought they were wiser than the simple American fisherman and ignored their advice. 29. Answer varies; currents transport oxygen-rich water from the surface to deep trenches, England is warmer because of the Gulf Stream the cold Humboldt current prevents moisture from evaporating as readily and parts of South America are deserts, the temperature of parts of California and Florida are moderated by being close to the ocean 30. Answers vary; by shock (sound) waves caused by earthquakes and artificial explosions, by drilling into the earth, and by studying material brought up by volcanoes 31. Answer varies; gasoline is heavier than water and a tank of gasoline gives the bathyscaphe lift. Iron is heavier than water and causes it to sink. By releasing iron pellets, the ship will rise. 32. Answer varies; a river is great not merely by the volume of its flow nor its length, but by its importance for its economic benefit as a source of water, transportation, and food to the people who live along its banks. 33. Answer varies; United States representatives and senators were influenced by the photographs that the spectacular region actually existed and should be protected for all people. Unit Four Quiz, chapters 16–20 1. A. atmospheric pressure 2. B. measures air pressure 3. B. less 4. B. against the pull of two teams of horses

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5. B. sons of a paper manufacturer 6. B. two human beings 7. B. hydrogen gas 8. B. to a great height 9. A. the parachute 10. A. from a mishap with a glider 11. B. manufactured bicycles 12. A. the New York Times newspaper 13. B. his wife. 14. B. was turned down by 18 publishers 15. B. the Soviet Union 16. B. Wernher von Braun 17. Answers vary: A. in controlled flight the pilot can gain and lose altitude and change direction; B. in powered flight an engine provides thrust and allows the airplane to take off at ground level 18. Answer varies; a gathering of scientists in England in the 1600s who met and exchanged ideas about the latest discoveries in science, the visible college later became the Royal Society of London 19. Answer varies; Robert Boyle developed the improved design, paid for its construction, and did experiments with it. 20. Answer varies; pouring sand from bags while in flight made the balloon lighter and it rose, releasing some of the hydrogen gas caused it to descend 21. Answer varies; “Seeing earth (from space) has to change a man, has to make a man appreciate the creation of God and the love of God.” — Jim Irwin. The earth is revealed as aspecial creation quite unlike anything else in the Solar system. 22. Answer varies but should be thoughtful and express dreams for future exploration.

Exploring Planet Earth 1. Hezekiah — f. prayed for a longer life 2. Christopher Columbus — c. had no accurate clock on his voyages 3. Galileo — b. discovered the principle of the pendulum 4. Christian Huygens — e. made the first pendulum clock 5. John Harrison — d. made the first accurate clock for sea voyages 6. William Bligh — a. carried a copy of Number Four on the Bounty 7. litho — c. prefix meaning “stone” 8. hydro — d. prefix meaning “water” 9. atmosphere — e. the sphere of gas 10. Himalayas mountain range — g. a wrinkle in the crust of the earth 11. Moho discontinuity — b. dividing line between mantle and crust 12. bathysphere — f. William Beebe’s ship for deep sea diving 13. Marianas trench — a. deepest part of the ocean 14. any three of cedar, cloth, purple dye, papyrus, ivory, ebony, silk, spices 15. Answer varies; hot springs, above ground rock formations similar to those in caves, colorful mud pots, waterfalls, colorful canyon, a petrified forest, mountain of obsidian glass, geysers, plant and animal life 16. B. calculate the distance around the earth 17. B. numerous small kingdoms 18. A. east 19. B. fell to his knees and gave thanks to God 20. B. South America 21. A. convection 22. B. several hundred miles from one another 23. B. but weak 24. A. Benjamin Franklin 25. B. temperature differences 26. A. a series of worldwide disasters. 27. A. melting glaciers.

Test Answer Key 28. B. hydrogen gas 29. B. to a great height 30. A. the parachute 31. B. the Soviet Union 32. Phoenicians 33. Answer varies; asbestos is a mineral that appears to be a fabric and does not burn, coal is an organic material that appears to be a rock but does burn 34. Answer varies; to give variety to the taste of food and conceal the fact that the food might be spoiled 35. Answer varies; knowledge is also needed of winds, ocean currents, earth’s magnetic fields, tide tables, also needed are accurate clocks 36. Answer varies; tides are not directly under the moon, friction along the ocean’s floor, they are affected by the sun, the shape of the land they strike, and weather conditions 37. Answer varies; local time is measured by the position of the sun at a particular location, Greenwich time is the time measured by the position of the sun in Greenwich, England 38. Answer varies; currents transport oxygen rich water from the surface to deep trenches, England is warmer because of the Gulf Stream, the cold Humboldt current prevents moisture from evaporating as readily and parts of South America are desserts, the temperature of parts of California and Florida are moderated by being close to the ocean 39. Answers vary; by shock (sound) waves caused by earthquakes and artificial explosions, by drilling into the earth, and by studying material brought up by volcanoes 40. Answer varies; gasoline is heavier than water and a tank of gasoline give the bathyscaphe lift. Iron is heavier than water and causes it to sink. By releasing iron pellets, the ship will rise. 41. Nile 42. Yangtze 43. Nile 44. Amazon 

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45. Yangtze 46. Amazon 47. Yangtze 48. Amazon 49. Nile 50. Nile 51. Amazon 52. Nile 53. a and d

54. b and c 55. i 56. e 57. g. 58. f 59. h

Exploring the World of Chemistry Unit One Quiz, chapters 1–4 1. meteorites 2. carbon 3. copper 4. mercury 5. sulfuric 6. carbon 7. Dark 8. H2O, CO2, HCl 9. D. wood that has been heated without oxygen 10. D. wrought iron 11. B. heating it in an oven for several days 12. B. gold 13. A. copper 14. A. copper alloy 15. A. copper 16. D. quicksilver 17. B. heated sulfur with raw rubber 18. B. communicate new ideas rapidly 19. B. hydrochloric acid 20. D. water generator 21. A. a violent explosion results 22. D. oxygen 23. F, 24. F, 25. T, 26. T 27. H hydrogen 28. C carbon 29. N nitrogen 30. O oxygen 126  

Quiz Answer Keys

31. Cl chlorine Unit Two Quiz, chapters 5–8 1. carbon 2. atoms 3. C. battery to produce electric current 4. A. electrons 5. B. Humphry Davy 6. D. electricity from a strong battery 7. B. Russia 8. D. to train teachers 9. B. help his students 10. D. writing information about the elements on note cards 11. D. predicted the properties of three missing elements 12. C. spectroscope 13. A. cesium 14. A. an electric spark 15. C. the sun 16. B. inert gases 17. A. because he enjoyed it 18. B. measures the strength of radiant energy 19. C. passed straight through 20. A. bounced out in the same direction it entered 21. F, 22. T, 23. F, 24. T, 25. T, 26. T 27. T,  28. F Unit Three Quiz, chapters 9–12

1. Sahara 2. Tyre 3. four 4. four 5. Carbon 6. B. stop an outbreak of typhoid fever 7. B. electrical attraction 8. B. sharing 9. B. contracts 10. A. floats 11. B. poorly 12. B. slowly 13. B. water 14. B. water 15. B. long 16. B. slick 17. B. isomers 18. B. found in the nonliving environment 19. A. formed by living organisms 20. B. has more protons than electrons 21. A. attract one another 22. D. salt makers 23. C. an oxygen atom face with hydrogen atom ears 24. B. it is fed by melting snow in the mountains 25. B. 100ºC [212ºF] 26. A. marsh 27. C. hydrogen 28. D. shellac 29. A. a substance that clogged test tubes 30. F, 31. T, 32. F, 33. T, 34. T, 35. F, 36. T,  37. F,  38. F,  39. F,  40. F

7. f. Michael Faraday 8. i. Louis Pasteur 9. h. Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev 10. j. William Ramsay 11. nitrogen 12. nitrogen 13. D. strong cell walls 14. C. a railroad 15. D. silica 16. A. for safe detonation of explosives 17. A. diamond 18. B. to hide the fact that glass makers could not make clear glass 19. D. all of the above 20. A. a diamond 21. C. semiconductor 22. A. aluminum 23. A. aluminum 24. A. aluminum 25. C. pitchblende 26. A. americium 27. B. gunpowder 28. B. unpredictable and capable of exploding without warning 29. B. keep it secret 30. B. second most abundant 31. quartz 32. B. silicone oil 33. B. silicon 34. A. planet Uranus

Unit Four Quiz, chapters 13–16 1. b. Robert Boyle 2. c. Henry Cavendish 3. g. Antoine Laurent Lavoisier 4. d. John Dalton 5. e. Humphry Davy 6. a. Jöns Jakob Berzelius 

127

Exploring the World of Chemistry 1. b. Robert Boyle 2. c. Henry Cavendish 3. g. Antoine Laurent Lavoisier 4. d. John Dalton. 5. e. Humphry Davy 6. a. Jöns Jakob Berzelius 7. f. Michael Faraday 8. i. Louis Pasteur 9. h. Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev 10. j. William Ramsay 11. meteorites 12. carbon 13. copper 14. mercury 15. sulfuric 16. carbon 17. Dark 18. H2O, CO2, HCl 19. carbon 20. atoms 21. Sahara 22. Tyre 23. four 24. four 25. Carbon 26. nitrogen 27. nitrogen 28. A. copper 29. D. quicksilver

128  

Test Answer Key

30. B. heated sulfur with raw rubber 31. B. communicate new ideas rapidly 32. D. predicted the properties of three missing elements 33. C. spectroscope 34. A. cesium 35. A. an electric spark 36. A. attract one another 37. D. salt makers 38. C. an oxygen atom face with hydrogen atom ears 39. B. it is fed by melting snow in the mountains 40. D. all of the above 41. A. a diamond 42. C. semiconductor 43. A. aluminum 44. B. stop an outbreak of typhoid fever 45. B. electrical attraction 46. B. sharing 47. B. second most abundant 48. B. silicon 49. F, 50. F, 51. T, 52. T, 53. F, 54. T 55. F, 56. T, 57. T, 58. T, 59. T, 60. F 61. F, 62. T, 63. F, 64. T, 65. T, 66. F 67. T,  68. F 69. H hydrogen, C carbon, N nitrogen, O oxygen, Cl chlorine (see Periodic Table on following page)



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