Science Starters: Elementary Chemistry & Physics Parent Lesson Planner 0890517266, 9780890517260

Citation preview

Overview: This Science Starters PLP contains materials for use with Investigate the Possibilities: Elementary Chemistry—Matter: Its Properties & Its Changes and Investigate the Possibilities: Elementary Physics—Energy: Its Forms, Changes & Function. Materials are organized by each book in the following sections:

Q T

Quizzes Semester Test & Final Exams Answer Keys

Multi-level Quiz & Test Options: The Science Starters curriculum allows multi-age students between grades 3 to 6 to be taught at the same time. For your convenience we have included two different levels of quizzes and final exams so that you can choose the ones most appropriate for your student’s age and educational abilities. Resource materials included are perforated and three-hole punched – making them easy to tear out, hand out, grade, and store. Suggested levels include: Level 1 – Grades 3 & 4 Level 2 – Grades 5 & 6 Workflow: Students will read two pages in their book and then complete one page of the Student Journal. Extra Projects are also assigned. Quizzes are given at regular intervals. Lesson Scheduling: Space is given for assignment dates. There is flexibility in scheduling. While each quarter has 45 days of assignments, they do not have to be given M-F. Some students may prefer to do more assignments each day, allowing for breaks on other days. Each week listed has five days but due to vacations the school work week may not be M-F. Please adapt the days to your school schedule. As the student completes each assignment, he/she should put an “X” in the box.



Approximately 30 to 45 minutes per lesson, two to three days a week Includes answer keys for quizzes and semester test

Designed for grades 3 to 6 in a one-year course. Master supply list included.

Carolyn Reeves is especially skilled at creating ways to help students develop a greater understanding of not just scientific concepts, but also how these are applied within the world around us. Carolyn retired after a 30-year career as a science teacher, finished a doctoral degree in science education, and now serves as a writer and an educational consultant.

STUDY GUIDE/General SCIENCE/General

$8.99 U.S. ISBN-13: 978-0-89051-726-0

EAN

Supports activity-based learning

Tom DeRosa’s experience in the public school, Christian school, and homeschool markets for over 35 years has given special insights into what really works in engaging young minds. He holds a master’s degree in education, with the emphasis of science curriculum.

Parent Lesson Planner

Multi-level quizzes and tests are included to help reinforce learning and provide assessment opportunities.

SCIENCE STARTERS: ELEMENTARY CHEMISTRY & PHYSICS

Lessons for a 36-week course!

First printing: April 2013 Third printing: April 2014

Copyright © 2013 by Master Books®. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations in articles and reviews. For information write: Master Books®, P.O. Box 726, Green Forest, AR 72638 Master Books® is a division of the New Leaf Publishing Group, Inc.

ISBN: 978-0-89051-726-0 Unless otherwise noted, Scripture quotations are from the New King James Version of the Bible.

Printed in the United States of America Please visit our website for other great titles: www.masterbooks.net For information regarding author interviews, please contact the publicity department at (870) 438-5288

Since 1975, Master Books has been providing educational resources based on a biblical worldview to students of all ages. At the heart of these resources is our firm belief in a literal six-day creation, a young earth, the global Flood as revealed in Genesis 1–11, and other vital evidence to help build a critical foundation of scriptural authority for everyone. By equipping students with biblical truths and their key connection to the world of science and history, it is our hope they will be able to defend their faith in a skeptical, fallen world. If the foundations are destroyed, what can the righteous do? Psalm 11:3 As the largest publisher of creation science materials in the world, Master Books is honored to partner with our authors and educators, including: Ken Ham of Answers in Genesis Dr. John Morris and Dr. Jason Lisle of the Institute for Creation Research Dr. Donald DeYoung and Michael Oard of the Creation Research Society Dr. James Stobaugh, John Hudson Tiner, Rick and Marilyn Boyer, Dr. Tom DeRosa, Todd Friel, Israel Wayne, and so many more! Whether a pre-school learner or a scholar seeking an advanced degree, we offer a wonderful selection of award-winning resources for all ages and educational levels. But sanctify the Lord God in your hearts, and always be ready to give a defense to everyone who asks you a reason for the hope that is in you, with meekness and fear. 1 Peter 3:15

Permission to Copy Permission is granted for copies of reproducible pages from this text to be made for use within your own homeschooling family activities or for small classrooms of ten or fewer students. Material may not be posted online, distributed digitally, or made available as a download. Permission for any other use of the material must be requested prior to use by email to the publisher at [email protected].

Contents

Overview and Concepts......................................................................................................................6 & 7 Suggested Daily Schedules.......................................................................................................................... 8 Quizzes and Tests

Matter Quizzes Level 1....................................................................................................................... 17



Matter Test Level 1............................................................................................................................. 27



Matter Quizzes Level 2....................................................................................................................... 31



Matter Test Level 2............................................................................................................................. 41



Energy Quizzes Level 1...................................................................................................................... 47



Energy Test Level 1............................................................................................................................ 57



Energy Quizzes Level 2...................................................................................................................... 61



Energy Test Level 2............................................................................................................................ 71

Answer Keys

Matter Quizzes................................................................................................................................... 76



Matter Test......................................................................................................................................... 80



Energy Quizzes................................................................................................................................... 82



Energy Test......................................................................................................................................... 86

Supply List

Matter Master Supply List.................................................................................................................. 89



Energy Master Supply List.................................................................................................................. 93

Lessons for a 36-week course! Overview: This Science Starters contains materials for use with Investigate the Possibilities: Elementary Chemistry—Matter: Its Properties & Its Changes and Investigate the Possibilities: Elementary Physics—Energy: Its Forms, Changes & Function. Materials are organized by each book in the following sections:

Q T

Quizzes Semester Test & Final Exams Answer Keys

Multi-level Quiz & Test Options: The Science Starters curriculum allows multi-age students between grades 3 to 6 to be taught at the same time. For your convenience we have included two different levels of quizzes and final exams so you can choose the ones most appropriate for your student’s age and educational abilities. Suggested levels include: Level 1 – Grades 3 & 4 Level 2 – Grades 5 & 6 Workflow: Students will read two pages in their book and then complete one page of the Student Journal. Extra Projects are also assigned. Quizzes are given at regular intervals. Lesson Scheduling: Space is given for assignment dates. There is flexibility in scheduling. While each quarter has 45 days of assignments, they do not have to be given M-F. Some students may prefer to do more assignments each day, allowing for breaks on other days. Each week listed has five days but due to vacations the school work week may not be M-F. Please adapt the days to your school schedule. As the student completes each assignment, he/she should put an “X” in the box.



Approximately 30 to 45 minutes per lesson, two to three days a week Includes answer keys for quizzes and semester test Multi-level quizzes and tests are included to help reinforce learning and provide assessment opportunities. Designed for grades 3 to 6 in a one-year course. Master supply list included.

6 

Course includes books from creationist authors with solid, biblical worldviews: Tom DeRosa is an experienced science educator, a committed creationist, and founder/director of a growing national creation organization whose chief focus is education. His experience in the public school, Christian school, and homeschool markets for over 35 years has given special insights into what really works in engaging young minds. He holds a master’s degree in education, with the emphasis of science curriculum. Carolyn Reeves is especially skilled at creating ways to help students develop a greater understanding of not just scientific concepts, but also how these are applied within the world around us. Carolyn retired after a 30-year career as a science teacher, finished a doctoral degree in science education, and now serves as a writer and an educational consultant.

Science Starters: Elementary Chemistry and Physics Course Description This is the suggested course sequence that allows one core area of science to be studied per semester. You can change the sequence of the semesters per the needs or interests of your student; materials for each semester are independent of one another to allow flexibility. Semester 1: Chemistry Investigate the Possibilities: Elementary Chemistry­—Matter: Its Properties & Its Changes: Infused with fun through activities and applied learning, this dynamic full-color book provides over 20 great ways to learn about bubbles, water colors, salt, and the peridodic table, all through interactive lessons that ground students in their faith in God. Help tap into the natural curiosity of young learners with activites utilizing common household items, teaching them why and how things work, what things are made of, and where they came from. Students will learn about the physical properties of chemical substances, why adding heat causes most chemical changes to react faster, the scientist who organized a chart of the known elements, and the difference between chemical changes and physical changes. Semester 2: Physics Investigate the Possibilities: Elementary Physics—Energy: Its Forms, Changes & Function: This remarkable full-color book is filled with experiments and hands-on activities, helping third to sixth graders learn how and why magnets work, different kinds of energy from wind to waves, and concepts from nuclear power to solar energy. Science comes alive as students are guided through simplified key concepts of elementary physics and through hands-on applications. Students will discover what happens to light waves when we see different colors, how you can see an invisible magnetic field, the essential parts of an electric circuit, and how solar energy can be changed into electric energy. Investigate the wonderful world God has made with science that is both exciting and educationally outstanding in this comprehensive series!

Calculating a Final Grade Calculate the Average of the student’s Activities & Observations grades.

Divide the average by 3

________

Calculate the Average of the student’s Questions & Quizzes grades.

Divide the average by 3

________

Calculate the Average of the student’s Projects, Contest & Dig Deeper grades.

Divide the average by 3



Add up the numbers for the Final Grade:

________ ________

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7

First Semester Suggested Daily Schedule Date

Day

Assignment First Semester-First Quarter — Matter

Day 1 Day 2 Week 1

Investigation #1: The Physical Side of Chemicals Read Pages 4-7 • Matter Book (MB) Complete Page S4 • Student Journal (SJ)

Day 3 Day 4

Investigation #1: The Physical Side of Chemicals Read Pages 8-9 • (MB) • Complete Page S5 • (SJ)

Day 5 Day 6 Day 7 Week 2

Investigation #2: Strange Substances Read Pages 10-11 • (MB) • Complete Page S6 • (SJ)

Day 8 Day 9

Investigation #2: Strange Substances Read Pages 12-13 • (MB) • Complete Page S7 • (SJ)

Day 10 Day 11

Week 3

#3: Light: Chemistry Fun with Bubbles Day 12 Investigation Read Pages 14-15 • (MB) • Complete Page S8 • (SJ) Day 13 #3: Chemistry Fun with Bubbles Day 14 Investigation Read Pages 16-17 • (MB) • Complete Page S9 • (SJ) Day 15 Day 16

Week 4

Week 5

8 

#4: Colors Are Colors Day 17 Investigation Read Pages 18-19 • (MB) • Complete Page S10 • (SJ) Day 18 #4: Colors Are Colors Day 19 Investigation Read Pages 20-21 • (MB) • Complete Page S11 • (SJ) Day 20 Investigations 1-4 Quiz 1 Day 21 Matter Level 1 Page 17 • Level 2 Page 31 • Lesson Plan (LP) Day 22 #5: How in the World Can You Separate? Day 23 Investigation Read Pages 22-23 • (MB) • Complete Page S12 • (SJ) Day 24 #5: How in the World Can You Separate? Day 25 Investigation Read Pages 24-25 • (MB) • Complete Page S13 • (SJ)

Due Date  Grade

Date

Day

Assignment

Due Date  Grade

Day 26

Week 6

Week 7

Week 8

Week 9

#6: Water Is the Standard Day 27 Investigation Read Pages 26-27 • (MB) • Complete Page S14 • (SJ) Day 28 #6: Water Is the Standard Day 29 Investigation Read Pages 28-29 • (MB) • Complete Page S15 • (SJ) Day 30 #7: Bending Streams of Water Day 31 Investigation Read Pages 30-31 • (MB) • Complete Page S16 • (SJ) Day 32 #7: Bending Streams of Water Day 33 Investigation Read Pages 32-33 • (MB) • Complete Page S17 • (SJ) Day 34 #8: Drops of Water Day 35 Investigation Read Pages 34-35 • (MB) • Complete Page S18 • (SJ) #8: Drops of Water Day 36 Investigation Read Pages 36-37 • (MB) • Complete Page S19 • (SJ) Day 37 Investigations 5-8 Quiz 2 Day 38 Matter Level 1 Page 19 • Level 2 Page 33 • (LP) Day 39 #9: Oil and Water Don’t Mix Day 40 Investigation Read Pages 38-39 • (MB) • Complete Page S20 • (SJ) #9: Oil and Water Don’t Mix Day 41 Investigation Read Pages 40-41 • (MB) • Complete Page S21 • (SJ) Day 42 #10: Acids and Bases Day 43 Investigation Read Pages 42-43 • (MB) • Complete Page S22 • (SJ) Day 44 #10: Acids and Bases Day 45 Investigation Read Pages 44-45 • (MB) • Complete Page S23 • (SJ) First Semester-Second Quarter — Matter Day 46

Week 1

#11: Basically—Is It Acid or Base? Day 47 Investigation Read Pages 46-47 • (MB) • Complete Page S24 • (SJ) Day 48 #11: Basically—Is It Acid or Base? Day 49 Investigation Read Pages 48-49 • (MB) • Complete Page S25 • (SJ) Day 50

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9

Date

Week 2

Week 3

Week 4

Week 5

Week 6

Day

Assignment

#12: Salt—An Ordinary Substance Day 51 Investigation Read Pages 50-51 • (MB) • Complete Page S26 • (SJ) Day 52 #12: Salt—An Ordinary Substance Day 53 Investigation Read Pages 52-53 • (MB) • Complete Page S27 • (SJ) Day 54 Investigations 9-12 Quiz 3 Day 55 Matter Level 1 Page 21 • Level 2 Page 35 • (LP) #13: More about the Amazing Periodic Table Day 56 Investigation Read Pages 54-55 • (MB) • Complete Page S28 • (SJ) Day 57 #13: More about the Amazing Periodic Table Day 58 Investigation Read Pages 56-57 • (MB) • Complete Page S29 • (SJ) Day 59 #14: Electricity and Salt Water Day 60 Investigation Read Pages 58-59 • (MB) • Complete Page S30 • (SJ) #14: Electricity and Salt Water Day 61 Investigation Read Pages 60-61 • (MB) • Complete Page S31 • (SJ) Day 62 #15: Changes—Are They Chemical or Physical? Day 63 Investigation Read Pages 62-63 • (MB) • Complete Page S32 • (SJ) Day 64 #15: Changes—Are They Chemical or Physical? Day 65 Investigation Read Pages 64-65 • (MB) • Complete Page S33 • (SJ) #16: Clues of a Chemical Reaction Day 66 Investigation Read Pages 66-67 • (MB) • Complete Page S34 • (SJ) Day 67 #16: Clues of a Chemical Reaction Day 68 Investigation Read Pages 68-69 • (MB) • Complete Page S35 • (SJ) Day 69 Investigations 13-16 Quiz 4 Day 70 Matter Level 1 Page 23 • Level 2 Page 37 • (LP) Day 71 #17: A Heavy Gas Day 72 Investigation Read Pages 70-71 • (MB) • Complete Page S36 • (SJ) Day 73 #17: A Heavy Gas Day 74 Investigation Read Pages 72-73 • (MB) • Complete Page S37 • (SJ) Day 75 Day 76

Week 7

10  

#18: Large or Small? Hot or Cold? Day 77 Investigation Read Pages 74-75 • (MB) • Complete Page S38 • (SJ) Day 78 #18: Large or Small? Hot or Cold? Day 79 Investigation Read Pages 76-77 • (MB) • Complete Page S39 • (SJ) Day 80

Due Date  Grade

Date

Week 8

Week 9

Day

Assignment

Due Date  Grade

#19: Understanding Phase Changes Day 81 Investigation Read Pages 78-79 • (MB) • Complete Page S40 • (SJ) Day 82 #19: Understanding Phase Changes Day 83 Investigation Read Pages 80-81 • (MB) • Complete Page S41 • (SJ) Day 84 #20: The Race to Evaporate Day 85 Investigation Read Pages 82-83 • (MB) • Complete Page S42 • (SJ) #20: The Race to Evaporate Day 86 Investigation Read Pages 84-85 • (MB) • Complete Page S43 • (SJ) Day 87 Investigations 17-20 Quiz 5 Day 88 Matter Level 1 Page 25 • Level 2 Page 39 • (LP) Day 89 Investigations 1-20 Test Day 90 Matter Level 1 Page 27 • Level 2 Page 41 • (LP) Mid-Term Grade

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11

Second Semester Suggested Daily Schedule Date

Day

Assignment Second Semester-Third Quarter — Energy

Day 91 Day 92 Week 1

Investigation #1: Where Exactly Does Energy Go? Read Pages 4-7 • Energy Book (EB) Complete Page S4 • Student Journal (SJ)

Day 93 Day 94

Investigation #1: Where Exactly Does Energy Go? Read Pages 8-9 • (EB) • Complete Page S5 • (SJ)

Day 95 Day 96 Day 97 Week 2

Investigation #2: Stored or Active? Read Pages 10-11 • (EB) • Complete Page S6 • (SJ)

Day 98 Day 99

Investigation #2: Stored or Active? Read Pages 12-13 • (EB) • Complete Page S7 • (SJ)

Day 100 Day 101

Week 3

#3: Light: Reflected and Absorbed Day 102 Investigation Read Pages 14-15 • (EB) • Complete Page S8 • (SJ) Day 103 #3: Light: Reflected and Absorbed Day 104 Investigation Read Pages 16-17 • (EB) • Complete Page S9 • (SJ) Day 105 Day 106

Week 4

Week 5

12  

#4: Light and Lenses Day 107 Investigation Read Pages 18-19 • (EB) • Complete Page S10 • (SJ) Day 108 #4: Light and Lenses Day 109 Investigation Read Pages 20-21 • (EB) • Complete Page S11 • (SJ) Day 110 Investigations 1-4 Quiz 1 Day 111 Energy Level 1 Page 47 • Level 2 Page 61 • Lesson Plan (LP) Day 112 #5: Waving the Red, Green, and Blue Day 113 Investigation Read Pages 22-23 • (EB) • Complete Page S12 • (SJ) Day 114 #5: Waving the Red, Green, and Blue Day 115 Investigation Read Pages 24-25 • (EB) • Complete Page S13 • (SJ)

Due Date  Grade

Date

Week 6

Week 7

Week 8

Week 9

Day

Assignment

Due Date  Grade

#6: Did You Hear That? Day 116 Investigation Read Pages 26-27 • (EB) • Complete Page S14 • (SJ) Day 117 #6: Did You Hear That? Day 118 Investigation Read Pages 28-29 • (EB) • Complete Page S15 • (SJ) Day 119 #7: When Things Get Hot Day 120 Investigation Read Pages 30-31 • (EB) • Complete Page S16 • (SJ) #7: When Things Get Hot Day 121 Investigation Read Pages 32-33 • (EB) • Complete Page S17 • (SJ) Day 122 #7: When Things Get Hot—Conducting... Day 123 Investigation Read Pages 34-35 • (EB) Day 124 Investigation #8: Feeling the Heat Day 125 Read Pages 36-37 • (EB) • Complete Page S18 • (SJ) #8: Feeling the Heat Day 126 Investigation Read Pages 38-39 • (EB) • Complete Page S19 • (SJ) Day 127 Investigations 5-8 Quiz 2 Day 128 Energy Level 1 Page 49 • Level 2 Page 63 • (LP) Day 129 #9: Magnets Are Very Attractive Day 130 Investigation Read Pages 40-41 • (EB) • Complete Page S20 • (SJ) #9: Magnets Are Very Attractive Day 131 Investigation Read Pages 42-43 • (EB) • Complete Page S21 • (SJ) Day 132 #10: Magnetism Is Pretty Special Day 133 Investigation Read Pages 44-45 • (EB) • Complete Page S22 • (SJ) Day 134 #10: Magnetism Is Pretty Special Day 135 Investigation Read Pages 46-47 • (EB) • Complete Page S23 • (SJ) Second Semester-Fourth Quarter — Energy Day 136

Week 1

#11: How Do Magnets Become Magnets? Day 137 Investigation Read Pages 48-49 • (EB) • Complete Page S24 • (SJ) Day 138 #11: How Do Magnets Become Magnets? Day 139 Investigation Read Pages 50-51 • (EB) • Complete Page S25 • (SJ) Day 140

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13

Date

Week 2

Week 3

Week 4

Week 5

Week 6

14  

Day

Assignment

#12: If It’s Invisible, How Can You See It? Day 141 Investigation Read Pages 52-53 • (EB) • Complete Page S26 • (SJ) Day 142 #12: If It’s Invisible, How Can You See It? Day 143 Investigation Read Pages 54-55 • (EB) • Complete Page S27 • (SJ) Day 144 Investigations 9-12 Quiz 3 Day 145 Energy Level 1 Page 51 • Level 2 Page 65 • (LP) #13: Static Electricity Day 146 Investigation Read Pages 56-57 • (EB) • Complete Page S28 • (SJ) Day 147 #13: Static Electricity Day 148 Investigation Read Pages 58-59 • (EB) • Complete Page S29 • (SJ) Day 149 #14: A Place Where Electrons Get... Day 150 Investigation Read Pages 60-61 • (EB) • Complete Page S30 • (SJ) #14: A Place Where Electrons Get... Day 151 Investigation Read Pages 62-63 • (EB) • Complete Page S31 • (SJ) Day 152 #15: Switching on a Series Circuit Day 153 Investigation Read Pages 64-65 • (EB) • Complete Page S32 • (SJ) Day 154 #15: How Rocks and Dirt Catch a Ride Day 155 Investigation Read Pages 66-67 • (EB) • Complete Page S33 • (SJ) #16: Is a Parallel Circuit Better Than... Day 156 Investigation Read Pages 68-69 • (EB) • Complete Page S34 • (SJ) Day 157 #16: Is a Parallel Circuit Better Than... Day 158 Investigation Read Pages 70-71 • (EB) • Complete Page S35 • (SJ) Day 159 Investigations 13-16 Quiz 4 Day 160 Energy Level 1 Page 53 • Level 2 Page 67 • (LP) #17: The Dishwashing Liquid and Electric... Day 161 Investigation Read Pages 72-73 • (EB) • Complete Page S36 • (SJ) Day 162 #17: The Dishwashing Liquid and Electric... Day 163 Investigation Read Pages 74-75 • (EB) • Complete Page S37 • (SJ) Day 164 #17: The Dishwashing Liquid and Electric... Day 165 Investigation Read Pages 76-77 • (EB)

Due Date  Grade

Date

Day

Assignment

Due Date  Grade

Day 166

Week 7

#18: Solar Energy Makes a Change Day 167 Investigation Read Pages 78-79 • (EB) • Complete Page S38 • (SJ) Day 168 #18: Solar Energy Makes a Change Day 169 Investigation Read Pages 80-81 • (EB) • Complete Page S39 • (SJ) Day 170 Day 171

Week 8

Week 9

#19: Wind or Water Energy Day 172 Investigation Read Pages 82-83 • (EB) • Complete Page S40 • (SJ) Day 173 #19: Wind or Water Energy Day 174 Investigation Read Pages 84-85 • (EB) • Complete Page S41 • (SJ) Day 175 #20: Nuclear Energy Day 176 Investigation Read Pages 86-87 • (EB) • Complete Pages S42-43 • (SJ) Day 177 Investigations 17-20 Quiz 5 Day 178 Energy Level 1 Page 55 • Level 2 Page 69 • (LP) Day 179 Investigations 1-20 Test Day 180 Energy Level 1 Page 57 • Level 2 Page 71 • (LP) Final Grade

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Quizzes and Test for Use with Matter Testing: This series is appropriate for elementary students from 3rd to 6th grades. Because of this, we have included quizzes and tests in two different levels, which you can choose from based on your child’s abilities and understanding of the concepts in the course. Level 1: suggested for younger ages or those who struggle with application of the concepts beyond just definitions and basic concepts Level 2: suggested for older ages or those who can both grasp the scientific concepts and apply them consistently

Permission to Copy Permission is granted for copies of reproducible pages from this text to be made for use within your own homeschooling family activities or for small classrooms of 10 or fewer students. Material may not be posted online, distributed digitally, or made available as a download. Permission for any other use of the material needs to be made prior to use by email to the publisher at [email protected].

Q

Matter Concepts & Comprehension

Quiz 1 Level 1

Scope: Chapters 1–4

Total score: ____of 100

Name

Choose answers from these terms. All the terms may not be used and some may be used more than once: absorb analytical chemicals chromatography cohesion elasticity environmental faster curved fragment higher inertia infrared kinetic liquids medical minerals mixtures physical polymers pressure smaller solids surface temperature viscosity Fill in the Blank: Each question is worth 4 points. 1. _____________________ chemistry includes what chemicals are present, their characteristics, and how much is present. 2. _____________________ labs might test blood and urine for the presence of many kinds of substances. 3. An _____________________ agency may use a lab that analyzes chemical substances to help identify pollutants in the air and water and environment. 4. A_____________________ would have the same properties as the whole substance. 5. The_____________________ properties of a piece of pure iron are the same anywhere pure iron is found. 6. _____________________ can be explained by how slowly a liquid pours from a container or how hard it is to push something through the liquid. 7. Viscosity of oils and molasses is often affected by _____________________. 8. _____________________ (and temperature) affects the viscosity of MX. 9. A baby diaper has the unusual property of being able to _____________________ enormous amounts of liquids. 10. _____________________ are made of many similar small chemicals (called monomers) that were joined together to form long chains of molecules. 11. Generally, the attraction between molecules is greater in _____________________ than in liquids. 12. Generally, the attraction between molecules is greater in _____________________ than in gases. 13. The attraction between molecules that are found at the surface of a liquid is called _____________________tension. 14. The property of matter that causes like molecules to attract each other is called _____________________. 15. The property of matter that allows bubbles to stretch without breaking (up to their limits) is called_____________________. 16. Paper chromatography is used to separate _______________. 17. Some of the dyes carried up the paper moved _______________ than others. 18. _______________ in a mixture keep their own properties. First Semester / First Quarter  

17

19. If two samples of ink produce the same _______________ pattern and colors, it’s a good chance that the ink samples are the same kind of ink. 20. Hard water contains more dissolved _______________ than soft water. Short Answer: Each question is worth 5 points. 21._What are physical properties of chemical substances?

22._Give several physical properties of MX.

23._When scientists want to know what chemical substances are in an item, they seldom consider the size, shape, and amount of the item. Why is that?

24._Suppose a chromatograph was made from a colored marker, and the pattern showed a blue spot above a pink spot. Does this give you a good clue that there are at least two chemicals in the colored marker?

Bonus Question (worth 5 points): 25._Give examples of physical properties used by scientists to describe a chemical substance.

18  

Q

Matter Concepts & Comprehension

Quiz 2 Level 1

Scope: Chapters 5-8

Total score: ____of 100

Name

Choose answers from these terms. All the terms may not be used and some may be used more than once: adhesion centimeter chemically circle density displacement distillation evaporating grams largest liquid milligram milliliter mixed negative polar rise separated sink smallest solid square surface tetrahedron volume water Fill in the Blank: Each question is worth 4 points. 1. When two or more pure substances are _______________ together, they keep their individual properties. 2. When two or more pure substances are combined _______________, they do not keep their individual properties. 3. _______________ is a way of separating mixtures of liquids, a process that depends on differences in their boiling points. 4. A substance that is not dissolved in a liquid can be _______________ from the liquid by a funnel and filter paper. 5. You can separate a mixture of salt and water by _______________ the water. 6. An example of a metric unit that is used to measure volume is a _________________________. 7. An example of a metric unit that is used to measure length is a _________________________. 8. An example of a metric unit that is used to measure an object’s mass is a ________________________. 9. The density of pure _______________ is one gram per cubic centimeter (1 g/cm3) or one gram per milliliter (1 g/mL). 10. If a substance has a density of 2.5 g/mL, a block of this substance will _______________ in water. 11. A _______________ shape explains one reason why water molecules are polar. 12. _______________ molecules have strong connecting bonds with a positive charge on one end and a negative charge on the other end. 13. Water is a _______________ at room temperature. 14. The formula for _______________ is H2O. 15. An atom is the _______________ particle of an element that is still that element. 16. _______________ molecules do not break apart easily; one end is slightly positive, and the other end is slightly negative. 17. Soap breaks down the _______________ tension of water. 18. There is an attraction between the water and the glass (or plastic) in a graduated cylinder known as _______________________. First Semester / First Quarter  

19

19. If you divide the mass of a substance by its volume, you are calculating the _______________ of the substance. 20. One end of a water molecule is positive and one end is ___________. Short Answer: Each question is worth 5 points. 21. Which of the following are examples of mixtures: salt and sand stirred together, crude oil, salt water, distilled water?

22. How would you find the volume of a small, irregularly shaped piece of rock?

23. All matter is made up of what kinds of charges?

24. If several drops of water are placed on a clean penny, what kind of shape will the water have? Why is this?

Bonus Question (worth 5 points): 25. What happens to a person’s mass as their distance from the earth increases? What happens to the person’s weight?

20  

Q

Matter Concepts & Comprehension

Quiz 3 Level 1

Scope: Chapters 9-12

Total score: ____of 100

Name

Choose answers from these terms. All the terms may not be used and some may be used more than once: acidic acid(s) basic bases bitter boxy carbonic circular easy elements formula hard indicators left magnet magnetic neutral non-polar north polar popular protons right salt soap sour sweet symbol water Fill in the Blank: Each question is worth 4 points. 1. Some of the most important properties of water occur because water molecules are slightly positive at one end and slightly negative at the other end. These kinds of molecules are called _______________ molecules. 2. Oil molecules are _______________. 3. Generally, _______________substances will not dissolve in polar substances. 4. _______________molecules have a polar end that can dissolve polar substances and a non-polar end that can dissolve non-polar substances. 5. It is _______________to wash oil off your hands using only water because water, a polar compound, cannot dissolve oil, a non-polar compound. 6. Citrus fruits contain __________________. 7. Many common cleaners contain __________________. 8. Acids and bases are usually found in _______________ solutions . 9. Acids usually have a _______________ taste. 10. Chemicals that change color in acids and bases are called __________________. 11. _______________ acid forms when there is a chemical reaction between carbon dioxide and water. 12. Water and a _______________ form when an acid and a base react chemically. 13. Ordinary rain water is slightly __________________. 14. A pH number of 7 tells you it is __________________. 15. A pH of 2 indicates a strong __________________. 16. The Periodic Table contains __________________. 17. Metals are found to the __________________ of the dividing line on the Periodic Table. First Semester / Second Quarter  

21

18. A chemical __________________ is one or two letters that have been assigned to identify an element on the Periodic Table. 19. A chemical __________________ contains symbols to tell which elements are present in a compound and numbers to tell how many of each kind of atom are present. 20. Sodium chloride crystals have a __________________ shape. Short Answer: Each question is worth 5 points. 21. Why is it hard to get oily substances, such as lipstick, out of clothing using only water?

22. What happens to acids and bases when they are in water solutions?

23. Give some examples of indicators.

24. What kinds of elements are generally found in salt?

Bonus Question (worth 5 points): 25. If you accidentally spilled a strong acid or base on your skin, what is the first thing you should do?

22  

Q

Matter Concepts & Comprehension

Quiz 4 Level 1

Scope: Chapters 13-16

Total score: ____of 100

Name

Choose answers from these terms. All the terms may not be used and some may be used more than once: AC atom(s) chemical electricity gas good liquid less metals more ocean tides oxygen properties repel scary thin water

blanks carbon electrolysis energy horizontally hydrogen long mechanical negative nonmetals physical positive solid steam ultraviolet vertically

Fill in the Blank: Each question is worth 4 points. 1. Similar groups of elements are found __________________ on the Periodic Table. 2. Except for hydrogen, you find _________________on the left side of the Table. 3. A block of gold weighs _________________than an equal size block of uranium. 4. Dmitri Mendeleev organized the known elements into a Periodic Table and left _________________ where he predicted undiscovered elements would go. 5. Krypton is a __________________. 6. _________________ is a chemical change produced by an electrical current. 7. When water is separated by electrolysis, _________________ forms at the positive electrode. 8. When water is separated by electrolysis, _________________ forms at the negative electrode. 9. Pure _________________ will not conduct an electric current. 10. When water is separated by electrolysis, there are more _________________ bubbles formed. 11. During a chemical change, new compounds with different _________________ form. 12. _________________ is the black substance that is left after sugar decomposes. 13. _________________ is the name of the white smoke that forms when hydrogen and oxygen atoms are released from sugar. 14. The decomposition of sugar is a _________________ change. 15. Dissolving sugar in water is a _________________ change. 16. Adding vinegar to baking soda and combining an acid and a base are examples of_________________ changes. 17. A color change and the formation of an insoluble substance are two clues that a _________________ reaction occurred. 18. In _________________ changes, the arrangement of the atoms and molecules remains the same. 19. In _________________ changes, there is a rearrangement of the atoms and molecules. 20. Bubbles and a temperature change are two clues that a _________________ reaction occurred. First Semester / Second Quarter  

23

Short Answer: Each question is worth 5 points. 21. Predict: Which element in each pair would be more dangerous or more reactive — potassium or calcium; sulfur or chlorine; krypton or selenium?

22. Give several examples of physical changes.

23. Give several examples of chemical changes.

24. What are four clues that a chemical reaction has taken place?

Bonus Questions (worth 5 points): 25. Suppose someone in the 1500s had invented some method to separate water into oxygen and hydrogen gases. This would have been strong evidence against what popular theory?

24   First Semester / Second Quarter

Q

Matter Concepts & Comprehension

Quiz 5 Level 1

Scope: Chapters 17-20

Total score: ____of 100

Name

Choose answers from these terms. All the terms may not be used and some may be used more than once: air burn connected controls electric electricity gas heat liquid molecules oil oxygen solid surface water wind

carbon dioxide cold cooling dry ice evaporation freeze infrared light natural gas nuclear energy physical procedure temperatures warming

Fill in the Blank: Each question is worth 4 points. 1. ____________________ is the name of the gas that is produced when vinegar and baking soda react. 2. In order for any substance to burn, _____________________ must be present. 3. _____________________ is very cold carbon dioxide in a solid state. 4. Carbon dioxide is colorless, odorless, heavier than ordinary air, and doesn’t_____________________. 5. A green plant takes in and uses _____________________ as it makes food. 6. In order for two _____________________to react chemically with each other, they need to bump into each other. 7. Adding _____________________ causes atoms and molecules to move faster, farther, and with more energy. 8. Steel production requires very high _____________________ to cause a chemical reaction to proceed better. 9. _____________________ are the things that are kept the same in scientific experiments. 10. The _____________________ is how an experiment is conducted. 11. Molecules are closer together in a liquid than they are in a _____________________. 12. Molecules are closer together in a _____________________ than they are in a liquid. 13. Phase changes are_____________________ changes. 14. When _____________________ is added to a substance, the molecules begin to move slower and closer together. 15. _______________ is an important exception to the general rule that solids shrink when they are frozen. 16. Substances go into the _______________ when they evaporate. 17. Substances take the form of a _______________ after they evaporate. 18. Heat and movement of air increase the rate of _______________. 19. Evaporation is a _______________ process. 20. Evaporation occurs at the _______________of a liquid. First Semester / Second Quarter  

25

Short Answer: Each question is worth 5 points. 21. Explain why a burning candle will go out when carbon dioxide is produced around it.

22. Why will small pieces of an effervescent tablet react faster than one big piece?

23. Why are cement sidewalks made with cracks between the blocks?

24. Explain how sweating helps to keep your body cool if you are running on a hot day.

Bonus Question (worth 5 points): 25. What is a peer review?

26   First Semester / Second Quarter

T

Matter Concepts & Comprehension

Test 1 Level 1

Scope: Chapters 1–20

Total score: ____of 100

Name

Fill in the Blank Questions: (2 Points Each) Choose answers from these terms. All the terms may not be used and some may be used more than once: adhesion analytical bases carbon carbon dioxide chemical cohesion controls cooling distillation elasticity electrolysis evaporating heat indicators kinetic minerals metals nonpolar oxygen physical polar potential radiation recharge soap sour surface sweet viscosity water upside-down

1. _____________________ chemistry includes what chemicals are present, their characteristics, and how much is present. 2. _____________________ can be demonstrated by how slowly a liquid pours from a container or how hard it is to push something through the liquid. 3. The property of matter that causes like molecules to attract each other is called _____________________. 4. The property of matter that allows bubbles to stretch without breaking (up to their limits) is called_____________________. 5. Hard water contains more dissolved _______________ than soft water. 6. _______________ is a way of separating mixtures of liquids, a process that depends on differences in their boiling points. 7. You can separate a mixture of salt and water by _______________ the water. 8. _______________ molecules have strong connecting bonds with a positive charge on one end and a negative charge on the other end. 9. Soap breaks down the _______________ tension of water. 10. There is an attraction between the water and the glass (or plastic) in a graduated cylinder known as _______________________. 11. _______________molecules have a polar end that can dissolve polar substances and a non-polar end that can dissolve non-polar substances. 12. Many common cleaners contain __________________. 13. Acids and bases are found in _______________ solutions. First Semester / Second Quarter  

27

14. Acids usually have a _______________ taste. 15. Chemicals that change color in acids and bases are called __________________. 16. Except for hydrogen, you find _________________on the left side of the Table. 17. _________________ is a chemical change produced by an electrical current. 18. _________________ is the black substance that is left after sugar decomposes. 19. In _________________ changes the arrangement of the atoms and molecules remain the same. 20. In _________________ changes, there is a rearrangement of the atoms and molecules. 21. In order for any substance to burn, _____________________ must be present. 22. A green plant takes in and uses _____________________ as it makes food. 23. Adding _____________________ causes atoms and molecules to move faster, farther, and with more energy. 24. _____________________ are the things that are kept the same in an experiment. 25. Evaporation is a _______________ process.

Short Answer: Each question is worth 5 points each. 26. What are physical properties of chemical substances?

27. When scientists want to know what chemical substances are in an item, they seldom consider the size, shape, and amount of the item. Why is that?

28. How would you find the volume of a small, irregularly shaped piece of rock?

29. All matter is made up of what kinds of charges?

28   First Semester / Second Quarter

30. What happens to acids and bases when they are in water solutions?

31. Give some examples of indicators.

32. Give several examples of chemical changes.

33. Why are cement sidewalks made with cracks between the blocks?

34. What happens to a person’s mass as the distance from the earth increases?

35. If you accidentally spilled a strong acid or base on your skin, what is the first thing you should do?

First Semester / Second Quarter  

29

Q

Matter Concepts & Comprehension

Quiz 1 Level 2

Scope: Chapters 1–4

Total score: ____of 100

Name

Short Answer: Each question is worth 5 points. 1. What are physical properties of chemical substances?

2. When scientists want to know what chemical substances are in an item, they seldom consider the size, shape, and amount of the item. Why is that?

3. Give ten examples of physical properties used by scientists to describe a chemical substance.

4. What is a pure chemical substance?

5. What are some of the things students learn about in analytical chemistry?

6. What are some of the main things that are done in medical labs?

7. How might an environmental agency use a lab that analyzes chemical substances?

8. There are several ways to describe viscosity. List two.

9. Viscosity of oils and molasses is often affected by temperature. What affects the viscosity of MX?

10. What is one unusual property of the chemical we tested in the baby diaper?

11. What are polymers?

12. Generally, is the attraction between like molecules greater in solids or in liquids?

First Semester / First Quarter  

31

13. Generally, is the attraction between like molecules greater in liquids or in gases?

14. The attraction between molecules that is found at the surface of a liquid is called what?

15. What is the property of matter that causes like molecules to attract each other?

16. What is the property of matter that allowed the bubbles to stretch (up to their limits) without breaking?

17. What is the difference between hard water and soft water?

18. Are the spherical shapes of bubbles caused more by surface tension, adhesion, or friction?

19. Is paper chromatography used to separate mixtures or compounds?

20. What is a spectroscope?

32   First Semester / First Quarter

Q

Matter Concepts & Comprehension

Quiz 2 Level 2

Scope: Chapters 5-8

Total score: ____of 100

Name

Short Answer: Each question is worth 5 points. 1. Which of the following are examples of mixtures: salt and sand stirred together, crude oil, salt water, distilled water?

2. What is one way a mixture is different from a pure substance?

3. When two or more pure substances are mixed together, do they keep their individual properties?

4. When two or more pure substances are combined chemically, do they keep their individual properties?

5. Distillation is a way of separating mixtures of liquids. This process depends on differences in what physical property?

6. What kind of substance can be separated from a liquid by a funnel and filter paper — one that is dissolved in the liquid or one that is not dissolved in the liquid?

7. How can you separate a mixture of salt and water?

8. What happens to a person’s mass as their distance from the earth increases?

9. What happens to a person’s weight as their distance from the earth increases?

10. Give an example of a metric unit that is used to measure volume.

11. How much does 25 mL of water weigh?

12. All matter is made up of what kinds of charges?

First Semester / First Quarter  

33

13. Name some things that can be dissolved in water.

14. A water molecule is made up of which two kinds of atoms?

15. What geometric shape explains one reason why water molecules are polar?

16. What are molecules with strong connecting bonds called that have a positive charge on one end and a negative charge on the other end?

17. List at least four physical properties of water.

18. One end of a water molecule is positive and one end is negative. What happens when the positive end of one molecule comes near the negative end of another molecule? Make drawings to illustrate this.

19. At the surface of the water, the molecules attract each other in every direction except up. What name is given to the attraction of water molecules at the surface?

20. If you divide the mass of a substance by its volume, what are you calculating? Bonus Questions (worth 5 points each): 21. Write the formula for water, and explain each symbol and number.

22. What is the difference between an atom and a molecule?

34   First Semester / First Quarter

Q

Matter Concepts & Comprehension

Quiz 3 Scope: Level 2 Chapters 9–12

Total score: ____of 100

Name

Short Answer: Each question is worth 5 points. 1. Some of the most important properties of water occur because water molecules are slightly positive at one end and slightly negative at the other end. What are these kinds of molecules called?

2. Is lipstick made of polar or non polar molecules?

3. Why is it hard to wash oil off your hands using only water?

4. Do citrus fruits contain acids or bases?

5. Do many common cleaners contain acids or bases?

6. Are acids and bases found in water solutions or in oily solutions?

7. What happens to acids and bases when they are in water solutions?

8. Acids usually have what kind of taste?

9. Bases usually have what kind of taste and what kind of feel?

10. Chemicals that change color in acids and bases are called what?

11. What color does litmus paper turn in acids? _____________ In bases? ________________

12. What pH numbers indicate an acid?

First Semester / Second Quarter  

35

13. Are positively charged hydrogen atoms found in acids or in bases?

14. Do all soils have the same pH level?

15. What new chemical forms when there is a chemical reaction between carbon dioxide and water?

16. Do Periodic Tables contain elements or compounds?

17. Where are metals found on the Table?

18. Where are nonmetals found on the Table?

19. What kinds of elements are generally found in a salt?

20. What is a chemical symbol?

36   First Semester / Second Quarter

Q

Matter Concepts & Comprehension

Quiz 4 Scope: Total score: Level 2 Chapters 13–16 ____of 100

Name

Short Answer: Each question is worth 5 points. 1. The Periodic Table consists of a series of blocks containing symbols and numbers organized into what?

2. Where do you find similar groups of elements — in vertical columns or in horizontal rows?

3. Except for hydrogen, do you find metals or nonmetals on the left side of the Table?

4. Where are most nonmetals found?

5. What do an acid and a base change into when they react chemically?

6. What is electrolysis?

7. Will pure water conduct an electric current?

8. Suppose someone in the 1500s had invented some method to separate water into oxygen and hydrogen gases. This would have been strong evidence against what popular theory?

9. Give several examples of physical changes.

10. Describe the difference between physical and chemical changes in your own words.

11. Name the kinds of atoms that make up a sugar molecule.

First Semester / Second Quarter  

37

12. What is the black substance that is left after sugar decomposes?

13. What is the name of the white smoke that forms from hydrogen and oxygen atoms released from the sugar?

14. Was the decomposition of sugar a chemical or a physical change?

15. Is dissolving sugar in water a chemical or a physical change?

16. Give two ways in which sugar and sand have different physical properties.

17. A forensic scientist wants to know if a certain chemical is present. When a few drops are added to a solution, an insoluble substance forms that is a bright yellow. Is it likely that a chemical change occurred?

18. What is the difference between a physical change and a chemical change?

19. What are four clues that a chemical reaction has taken place?

20. Which of these changes are chemical changes: boiling water, freezing water, adding vinegar to baking soda, dissolving salt in water, combining an acid and a base?

38  

Q

Matter Concepts & Comprehension

Quiz 5 Scope: Total score: Level 2 Chapters 17–20 ____of 100

Name

Short Answer: Each question is worth 5 points. 1. What was the name of the gas that was produced when vinegar and baking soda reacted?

2. In order for any substance to burn, what gas must be present?

3. List three properties of carbon dioxide.

4. What is “dry ice”?

5. Does “dry ice” melt when it gets warmer like ordinary ice does?

6. Explain why a burning candle will go out when an air-tight container is placed over it.

7. A green plant takes in and uses what gas as it makes food?

8. Do all chemical reactions occur at the same rate?

9. In order for two molecules to react chemically with each other, do they need to bump into each other?

10. What is a peer review?

11. How close do molecules of a gas get to each other compared to how close they are in a liquid?

First Semester / Second Quarter  

39

12. How close do molecules of a liquid get to each other compared to how close they are in a solid?

13. Are phase changes physical changes or chemical changes?

14. What happens to the movement of molecules when heat energy is added to a substance?

15. There is an important exception to the general rule that solids shrink when they are frozen. What substance expands when it freezes?

16. Where did each substance go when it evaporated?

17. In what form was each substance after it had evaporated?

18. Are the substances you started with still in the room?

19. Is evaporation a cooling or a warming process?

20. Does evaporation occur at the surface of a liquid or below the liquid’s surface?

Bonus Question (worth 5 points): 21. Explain how sweating helps to keep your body cool if you are running on a hot day.

40   First Semester / Second Quarter

T

Matter Concepts & Comprehension

Test 1 Level 2

Scope: Chapters 1–20

Total score: ____of 100

Name

Short Answer: Each question is worth 2 points. 1. What are physical properties of chemical substances?

2. When scientists want to know what chemical substances are in an item, they seldom consider the size, shape, and amount of the item. Why is that?

3. Give ten examples of physical properties used by scientists to describe a chemical substance.

4. What is a pure chemical substance?

5. What are some of the things students learn about in analytical chemistry?

6. What is the property of matter that allowed the bubbles to stretch (up to their limits) without breaking?

7. What is the difference between hard water and soft water?

8. Are the spherical shapes of bubbles caused more by surface tension, adhesion, or friction?

9. Is paper chromatography used to separate mixtures or compounds?

10. What is a spectroscope?

11. Which of the following are examples of mixtures: salt and sand stirred together, crude oil, salt water, distilled water?

First Semester / Second Quarter  

41

12. What is one way a mixture is different from a pure substance?

13. When two or more pure substances are mixed together, do they keep their individual properties?

14. When two or more pure substances are combined chemically, do they keep their individual properties?

15. Distillation is a way of separating mixtures of liquids. This process depends on differences in what physical property?

16. Name some things that can be dissolved in water.

17. A water molecule is made up of which two kinds of atoms?

18. What geometric shape explains one reason why water molecules are polar?

19. What are molecules with strong connecting bonds called that have a positive charge on one end and a negative charge on the other end?

20. List at least four physical properties of water.

21. Write the formula for water, and explain each symbol and number.

22. What is the difference between an atom and a molecule?

23. Why is it hard to wash oil off your hands using only water?

24. Do citrus fruits contain acids or bases?

42   First Semester / Second Quarter

25. What color does litmus paper turn in acids? _____________ In bases? ________________

26. What pH numbers indicate an acid?

27. What new chemical forms when there is a chemical reaction between carbon dioxide and water?

28. Where are metals found on the Periodic Table?

29. What is a chemical symbol?

30. The Periodic Table consists of a series of blocks containing symbols and numbers organized into what?

31. Where do you find similar groups of elements — in vertical columns or in horizontal rows?

32. What do an acid and a base change into when they react chemically?

33. What is electrolysis?

34. Give several examples of physical changes.

35. Name the kinds of atoms that make up a sugar molecule.

36. Give two ways in which sugar and sand have different physical properties.

37. What is the difference in a physical change and a chemical change?

First Semester / Second Quarter  

43

38. What are four clues that a chemical reaction has taken place?

39. Which of these changes are chemical changes: boiling water, freezing water, adding vinegar to baking soda, dissolving salt in water, combining an acid and a base?

40. In order for any substance to burn, what gas must be present?

41. List three properties of carbon dioxide.

42. What is “dry ice”?

43. Explain why a burning candle will go out when an air-tight container is placed over it.

44. A green plant takes in and uses what gas as it makes food?

45. Do all chemical reactions occur at the same rate?

46. In order for two molecules to react chemically with each other, do they need to bump into each other?

47. What is a peer review?

48. What happens to the movement of molecules when heat energy is added to a substance?

49. Is evaporation a cooling or a warming process?

50. Does evaporation occur at the surface of a liquid or below the liquid’s surface?

44   First Semester / Second Quarter

Quizzes and Test for Use with Energy Testing: This series is appropriate for elementary and students from 3rd to 6th grades. Because of this, we have included quizzes and tests in two different levels you can choose from based on your child’s abilities and understanding of the concepts in the course. Level 1: suggested for younger ages or those who struggle with application of the concepts beyond just definitions and basic concepts Level 2: suggested for older ages or those who can both grasp the scientific concepts and apply them consistently

Q

Energy Concepts & Comprehension

Quiz 1 Level 1

Scope: Chapters 1–4

Name

Total score: ____of 100

Fill in the Blank Questions: (4 Points Each) Choose answers from these terms. All the terms may not be used and some may be used more than once: absorbed battery beam blue bowstring brain chemical convex created curved electrical energy forces gas gravitational heart heat higher inertia infrared kinetic light longitudinal waves marble matter microwaves mechanical moving nuclear potential reflected retina right side up smaller stored transverse ultraviolet upside-down 1. _____________________ (moving) energy can change into heat energy. 2. _____________________ energy in a battery can change into electrical energy. 3. _____________________energy can change into heat energy. 4. _____________________ energy can change into light energy. 5. The_____________________energy in a candle can change into heat energy. 6. Inertia and density are properties of _____________________. 7. Buoyancy, lift, weight, and push are examples of _______________. 8. _____________________energy is energy of motion. 9. The law of conservation of energy says that energy cannot be _______________ or destroyed. 10. Energy can be stored in a _______________ for later use. 11. A stretched rubber band has the _______________ to start vibrating and making sounds. 12. A tank full of gasoline contains _______________ chemical energy. 13. Which form of energy is more powerful — nuclear or chemical? _______________ Second Semester / Third Quarter

47

14. When light is absorbed by an object, most of the energy will eventually change into _______________ energy. 15. When light hits a white object the light waves are _______________. 16. When light hits a black object the light waves are _______________. 17. Mirrors that are curved toward you make things appear _______________. 18. Are the frames for a film that goes into a movie projector upside-down or right side up? 19. The _______________ is necessary to interpret an image focused inside the eye. 20. One way to make a simple telescope is to use two _______________ lenses, placed the proper distance apart. Short Answer: Each question is worth 5 points. 21. List two ways in which energy does work for us.

22. At what point on a roller coaster ride is the kinetic energy the greatest?

23. If a beam of light strikes a flat mirror at a 45o angle, at what angle will it be reflected off the mirror?

24. Explain why white clothes are cooler in the summer than black clothes.

Bonus Questions (worth 5 points): 25. Label the parts of the human eye: pupil, convex lens, retina. Where does an image focus inside the eye? When an image focuses inside the eye, is it right side up or upside-down?

48   Second Semester / Third Quarter

Q

Energy Concepts & Comprehension

Quiz 2 Level 1

Scope: Chapters 5-8

Name

Total score: ____of 100

Fill in the Blank Questions: (4 Points Each) Choose answers from these terms. All the terms may not be used and some may be used more than once: back and forth calories conduction conductors contracts convection earthquakes expands geographic heat infrared insulators longitudinal prism radiation red reflected rise sea breezes transverse up and down vibrating water waves west white 1. What color would you see if equal amounts of the three primary colors of light were shined together on a screen? _______________ 2. What is a triangular piece of glass or plastic that separates the colors of light into the visible spectrum? _______________ 3. Of the visible colors of light, _______________ has the longest wavelength. 4. Invisible light waves that are a little longer than red and can be felt as heat waves are called what? _______________ 5. When you stretch out a slinky between two people and shake the end of the slinky from side to side, what kind of wave do you see traveling through the slinky? _______________ 6. _______________ carry energy. 7. Light waves are transverse waves that vibrate _________________________. 8. Sound waves are longitudinal waves that vibrate _________________________. 9. All sounds are made by ______________________ objects. 10. When you stretch out a slinky between two people and push and pull one end of the slinky as your partner holds the other end, ______________________ waves travel through the slinky. 11. Sound waves tend to be______________________ from a hard surface.

Second Semester / Third Quarter

49

12. ___________ is the energy of moving molecules as the energy is transferred from hotter to colder things. 13. ______________________do not allow heat to travel through them easily. 14. The liquid in a thermometer __________________ when it gets hotter. 15. Heat energy is transferred from one object to another by__________________ . 16. Heat energy moves in air or liquids by __________________ currents as warmer air (or liquid) rises and cooler air (or liquid) sinks. 17. ______________________occur during the day as the land heats more quickly than the ocean. The warmer, lighter air over the land rises as the cooler air over the ocean moves in. 18. Two units used to measure heat energy are __________________ and joules. 19. The sun’s energy reaches the earth by _______________________. 20. Warm air tends to___________. Short Answer: Each question is worth 5 points. 21. What are the three primary colors of light?

22. What are three ways in which one sound differs from another?

23. Why do bridge engineers have to design ways for the materials in the bridge to be able to expand and contract?

24. When a hot object is next to a cold object, how does heat always move?

Bonus Question (worth 5 points): 25. Give five examples of transverse waves.

50   Second Semester / Fourth Quarter

Q

Energy Concepts & Comprehension

Quiz 3 Scope: Level 1 Chapters 9-12

Total score: ____of 100

Name

Fill in the Blank Questions: (4 points each) Choose answers from these terms. All the terms may not be used and some may be used more than once: attract batteries charged conductors current domains electric electromagnets field(s) force freezing heating insulators invisible magnet magnetic metal nail north poles positively protons repel series shock socket static stop switch 1. A magnet will pick up an iron __________________. 2. Regular magnets and electromagnets both have north and south _______________. 3. Regular magnets and electromagnets both have magnetic_______________ around them. 4. __________________can be turned on and off. 5. The north and south poles of __________________can be reversed by reversing the current. 6. Lodestone is a naturally occurring __________________. 7. When two bar magnets have like ___________ facing each other, they will push away from each other even when they are not touching. 8. A bar magnet that is suspended on a string will usually point ___________ when it stops moving. 9. A compass needle point will usually point ___________ when it stops moving. 10. The north pole of a freely turning magnet is attracted to the earth’s __________________ North Pole. 11. Magnetic materials have magnetic ______________________ in them that other materials do not have. 12. A bar of copper cannot be made into a magnet because copper is not a magnetic material and doesn’t have magnetic______________________. 13. Magnetic material that is not magnetized can become magnetized by stroking a magnetic material several times in the same direction with a ______________________, turning some of the domains and causing it to become a magnet. Second Semester / Fourth Quarter  

51

14. A magnet may lose its strength by dropping, hitting, or __________________ it. 15. Manufacturers of magnets cannot guarantee them because if magnets are dropped their ____________________ might get jumbled up, causing them to become weaker. 16. A compass needle is a ______________________ that is balanced on a pivot. 17. All magnetic lines of ___________ extend from a north magnetic pole to a south magnetic pole. 18. Scientists believe the movement of molten currents deep within the earth produces a large ______________________ current, causing the earth to have a magnetic field. 19. There is a magnetic ___________ around a magnet. 20. There is a magnetic ___________ around a moving current of electricity. Short Answer: Each question is worth 5 points. 21. Which of the following materials are magnetic materials: glass, steel, nickel, wood, water, gold, cobalt, magnesium, oxygen, iron, plastic?

22. What is one way to compare the strength of magnets?

23. Name something that is a magnetic material, and name something that is not a magnetic material.

24. On what did the iron filings become aligned when you sprinkled them over a magnet?

Bonus Question (worth 5 points): 25. Explain how the earth’s magnetic field protects us from many of the harmful radiations that come from the sun.

52   Second Semester / Fourth Quarter

Q

Energy Concepts & Comprehension

Quiz 4 Scope: Level 1 Chapters 13-16

Total score: ____of 100

Name

Fill in the Blank Questions: (4 points each) Choose answers from these terms. All the terms may not be used and some may be used more than once: AC atom(s) charged conductors DC electricity electrons energy field geothermal heat infrared insulators light long mechanical metal move negative neutrons ocean tides oil parallel positively protons repel solar energy static switch thin ultraviolet water wide wind 1. Suppose you feel a little shock after walking across a carpeted floor and touching a metal door handle. This kind of shock is caused by__________________ electricity. 2. __________________ move between your hand and the metal door handle to cause a shock. 3. __________________ contain positive, negative, and neutral particles. 4. Positive protons and neutral neutrons are found in the nucleus of an __________________. 5. An electric__________________ is the space around an object with a positive or negative static charge. 6. Electrons have a __________________ charge. 7. When two negatively charged balloons come near each other, they __________________ each other. 8. When a __________________charged balloon comes near a negatively charged glass they attract each other. 9. An electron can be pushed or pulled by the electric field around a _______________ object even though the object is not touching the electron. 10. We call materials that electrons can move through easily _______________, such as copper or aluminum. 11. We call materials that electrons cannot move through easily _______________, such as rubber or plastic. 12. You discharge an electroscope by touching the _______________ on top to get rid of the charges that have built up. 13. A_______________ circuit is in your house. 14. A _______________ lets you start and stop the flow of electricity only as you need it. Second Semester / Fourth Quarter  

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15. _______________current is produced by a battery. 16. _______________current is produced by a generator and is used by most household appliances. 17. Two lamps wired in _____________________ are brighter. 18. Household circuits are wired in _____________________ so that if one light goes off, the others will stay on, and so that lights don’t get dimmer as more lights are turned on. 19. One disadvantage of connecting several lights to a battery in a _____________________circuit is the battery won’t last long. 20. A portable generator produces _____________________, as connected loops of wire cut through magnetic lines of force. Short Answer: Each question is worth 5 points. 21. Atoms contain positive, negative, and neutral particles. Which two kinds of particles are found in the nucleus of an atom?

22. Explain what might cause some of the electrons to get pushed down to the foil in the electroscope and make the foil move apart.

23. Name a few reasons why the lights might not come on after you connected everything.

24. What would happen to the brightness of the lights if you added more lights to the same parallel circuit?

Bonus Questions (worth 5 points): 25. What are some ways in which magnets and objects with an electric charge around them are alike?

54   Second Semester / Fourth Quarter

Q

Energy Concepts & Comprehension

Quiz 5 Scope: Level 1 Chapters 17-20

Total score: ____of 100

Name

Fill in the Blank Questions: (4 points each) Choose answers from these terms. All the terms may not be used and some may be used more than once: AC change continued current electricity empty geothermal sources heat lightning mechanical ocean tide oil recharge short ultraviolet water

coal DC energy infrared natural gas outer solar energy wind

connected electric generators light nuclear energy radio strike

1. _____________________waves that come to the earth from the sun have a wavelength longer than red, and can be felt as heat when absorbed by an object. 2. When an object absorbs light, some of the light energy becomes _____________________ energy. 3. You can _____________________ a solar battery by holding it under a light or leaving it in the sun. 4. Sunscreen lotion helps to prevent _____________________ waves from being absorbed by your skin. 5. Ultraviolet _____________________ is/are a kind of electromagnetic wave that causes sunburns, is known as “black light,” and causes fluorescent paints to glow. 6. Electromagnetic waves with very _______________ wavelengths are considered the most dangerous. 7. Electromagnetic waves travel through _______________ space. 8. Infrared waves change into heat energy when they _______________ something. 9. _____________________ energy is used by windmills. 10. Current electricity is produced when loops of connected wire are turned inside _____________________. 11. _____________________can be stored when the wind is blowing and used when the wind isn’t blowing. 12. Wind farms are not a good idea everywhere because in some places there isn’t enough _______________ on a regular basis to be practical. 13. _______________ is a renewable energy source. Second Semester / Fourth Quarter  

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14. _______________ is another renewable energy source. 15. _______________ is another renewable energy source. 16. _______________ is another renewable energy source. 17. _______________ is another renewable energy source. 18. _______________ is a nonrenewable energy source. 19. _______________ is another nonrenewable energy source. 20. _______________ is another nonrenewable energy source. Short Answer: Each question is worth 5 points. 21. What are some beneficial uses of ultraviolet and infrared light?

22. Give at least two ways that solar power can be used.

23. What did Lise and her nephew think they had figured out about what was happening when uranium was bombarded by neutrons?

24. Were Lise and her nephew looking for a way to build a new kind of weapon from uranium?

Bonus Question (worth 5 points): 25. Explain the analogy of the bottle to an electric circuit in your own words.

56   Second Semester / Fourth Quarter

T

Energy Concepts & Comprehension

Test 1 Level 1

Scope: Chapters 1–20

Total score: ____of 100

Name

Fill in the Blank Questions: (2 Points Each) Choose answers from these terms. All the terms may not be used and some may be used more than once: absorbed atoms battery chemical conductors domains electric electrical energy fields gravitational green heat insulators infrared kinetic light longitudinal waves microwaves mechanical north parallel poles potential radiation recharge reflected south static strike transverse ultraviolet upside-down vibrating west white 1. _____________________ (moving) energy can change into heat energy. 2. _____________________energy can change into heat energy. 3. The_____________________energy in a candle can change into heat energy. 4. A stretched rubber band has the _______________ to start vibrating and making sounds. 5. When light hits a black object the light waves are _______________. 6. What color would you see if equal amounts of the three primary colors of light were shined together on a screen? _______________ 7. When you stretch out a slinky between two people and shake the end of the slinky from side to side, what kind of wave do you see traveling through the slinky? _______________ 8. All sounds are made by ______________________ objects. 9. Sound waves tend to be______________________ from a hard surface. 10. The sun’s energy reaches the earth by _______________________. Second Semester / Fourth Quarter  

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11. Regular magnets and electromagnets both have north and south _______________. 12. Regular magnets and electromagnets both have magnetic_______________ around them. 13. A compass needle point will usually point ___________ when it stops moving. 14. Magnetic materials have magnetic ______________________ in them that other materials do not have. 15. Scientists believe the movement of molten currents deep within the earth produces a large ______________________ current, causing the earth to have a magnetic field. 16. Suppose you feel a little shock after walking across a carpeted floor and touching a metal door handle. This kind of shock is caused by__________________ electricity. 17. __________________ contain positive, negative, and neutral particles. 18. We call materials that electrons can move through easily _______________, such as copper or aluminum. 19. We call materials that electrons cannot move through easily _______________, such as rubber or plastic. 20. Household circuits are wired in _____________________ so that if one light goes off, the others will stay on, and so that lights don’t get dimmer as more lights are turned on. 21. When an object absorbs light, some of the light energy becomes _____________________ energy. 22. You can _____________________ a solar battery by holding it under a light or leaving it in the sun. 23. Sunscreen lotion helps to prevent _____________________ waves from being absorbed by your skin. 24. Infrared waves change into heat energy when they _______________ something. 25. _____________________ energy is used by windmills. 58   Second Semester / Fourth Quarter

Short Answer: Each question is worth 5 points. 26. At what point on a roller coaster ride is the kinetic energy the greatest?

27. If a beam of light strikes a flat mirror at a 45o angle, at what angle will it be reflected off the mirror?

28. What are the three primary colors of light?

29. Why do bridge engineers have to design ways for the materials in the bridge to be able to expand and contract?

30. Which of the following materials are magnetic materials: glass, steel, nickel, wood, water, gold, cobalt, magnesium, oxygen, iron, plastic?

31. On what did the iron filings become aligned when you sprinkled them over a magnet?

32. Atoms contain positive, negative, and neutral particles. Which two kinds of particles are found in the nucleus of an atom?

33. Give at least two ways that solar power can be used.

Second Semester / Fourth Quarter  

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34. Label the parts of the human eye: pupil, convex lens, retina.

35. What is one way to compare the strength of magnets?

60  

Q

Energy Concepts & Comprehension

Quiz 1 Level 2

Scope: Chapters 1-4

Name

Total score: ____of 100

Short Answer: Each question is worth 5 points. 1. Give two examples of how one form of energy can change into heat energy. Give another example of an energy change.

2. The following list contains examples of forces, properties of matter, and forms of energy. Underline all the examples of forms of energy: inertia, light, heat, density, buoyancy, electricity, lift, weight, chemical, push, nuclear.

3. Define mechanical energy and give an example.

4. What kind of energy can be quickly provided by a battery?

5. Was energy transferred from the battery to the light bulb when an electric circuit was completed?

6. Give two examples of energy that is stored in such a way that it can be used at a later time.

7. Does a tank full of gasoline contain potential or kinetic energy?

8. At what point on a roller coaster ride is the potential energy the greatest?

9. At what point on a roller coaster ride is the kinetic energy the greatest?

10. Which form of energy is more powerful — nuclear or chemical? Second Semester / Third Quarter

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11. When light is absorbed by an object, what form of energy will much of it eventually change into?

12. What happens when light hits a white object?

13. What happens when light hits a black object?

14. Explain why white clothes are cooler in the summer than black clothes.

15. Do mirrors that are curved toward you magnify things or make them appear smaller?

16. What are three things that can happen to a beam of light when it hits an object?

17. Why are convex mirrors used in side-installed rearview car mirrors?

18. Are the frames for a film that goes into a movie projector upside-down or right side up?

19. Where does an image focus inside the eye?

20. When an image focuses inside the eye, is it right side up or upside-down?

62   Second Semester / Third Quarter

Q

Energy Concepts & Comprehension

Quiz 2 Level 2

Scope: Chapters 5-8

Total score: ____of 100

Name

Short Answer: Each question is worth 5 points. 1. What are the three primary colors of light?

2. What color would you see if equal amounts of the three primary colors of light were shined together on a screen?

3. What is a triangular-shaped piece of glass or plastic that separates the colors of light into the visible spectrum?

4. Invisible light waves that are a little longer than red and can be felt as heat waves are called what?

5. Give five examples of transverse waves.

6. Do waves carry energy?

7. Sound waves are what kind of wave?

8. Why are there no sounds on the moon?

9. Are all sounds made by vibrating objects?

10. What are three ways in which one sound differs from another?

Second Semester / Third Quarter

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11. What tends to be the difference when sound waves hit a hard surface and when they hit a soft surface?

12. Write a definition of heat.

13. What kind of substances allow heat to travel through them easily?

14. What kind of substances do not allow heat to travel through them easily?

15. What happens to the motion of the molecules of a liquid when the liquid gets hotter?

16. What is the difference in transferring heat energy by conduction and by convection?

17. On a cold day, does a well-insulated house keep the cold out or does it keep the heat inside?

18. Give three ways in which heat can be transferred from one object to another.

19. What are two units used to measure heat energy?

20. How does the sun’s energy reach the earth?

64   Second Semester / Third Quarter

Q

Energy Concepts & Comprehension

Quiz 3 Scope: Level 2 Chapters 9-12

Total score: ____of 100

Name

Short Answer: Each question is worth 5 points. 1. Will a magnet pick up a copper penny?

2. If you put a sheet of aluminum under a magnet, will you prevent the magnetic force from going through it?

3. Which of the following materials are magnetic materials: glass, steel, nickel, wood, water, gold, cobalt, magnesium, oxygen, iron, plastic?

4. How are regular magnets and electromagnets alike?

5. How are regular magnets and electromagnets different?

6. What is lodestone?

7. What is a compass needle?

8. Is the north pole of a freely turning magnet attracted to the earth’s Geographic North Pole or the Magnetic North Pole?

9. What do magnetic materials have in them that other materials do not have?

10. Can a bar of copper be made into a magnet? Why or why not? Second Semester / Fourth Quarter  

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11. Why can things like wood, lead, tin, or plastic materials not be made into magnets?

12. How might you cause a magnet to lose its strength?

13. What is a compass needle?

14. A magnetic line of force extends from what to what?

15. Explain how the earth’s magnetic field protects us from many of the harmful radiations that come from the sun.

16. Where are the magnetic lines of force around a magnet closest together?

17. Is there a magnetic field around a magnet?

18. Is there a magnetic field around a moving current of electricity?

19. In what direction does a compass needle point when it stops moving?

20. What do magnetic materials have in them that other materials do not have?

66   Second Semester / Fourth Quarter

Q

Energy Concepts & Comprehension

Quiz 4 Scope: Level 2 Chapters 13-16

Total score: ____of 100

Name

Short Answer: Each question is worth 5 points. 1. Suppose you feel a little shock after walking across a carpeted floor and touching a metal door handle. Is this kind of shock caused by current electricity or static electricity?

2. Atoms contain positive, negative, and neutral particles. Which two kinds of particles are found in the nucleus of an atom?

3. What kind of field is around a moving electric current?

4. What do you call the space around an object with a positive or negative static charge?

5. Do electrons have a positive or a negative charge?

6. What do we call materials that electrons can move through easily? Give two examples.

7. What do we call materials that electrons cannot move through easily? Give two examples.

8. What kind of circuit is in your house — series or parallel?

9. What is the purpose of a switch?

10. What four things are found in most complete circuits?

Second Semester / Fourth Quarter  

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11. What kind of current is produced by a battery?

12. What kind of current is produced by a generator and is used by most household appliances?

13. What unwanted form of energy was produced in the lightbulb?

14. The chemical energy in the battery changed into electrical energy. What did the electrical energy change into in the lightbulb?

15. What would happen to the brightness of the lights if you added more lights to the same parallel circuit?

16. Which was brighter — two lamps wired in series or the same two lamps wired in parallel?

17. What are two reasons why household circuits are wired in parallel?

18. What is one disadvantage of connecting several lights to a battery in a parallel circuit?

19. As an electric generator produces electricity, connected loops of wire cut through what?

20. What happens when two negatively charged balloons come near each other?

68   Second Semester / Fourth Quarter

Q

Energy Concepts & Comprehension

Quiz 5 Scope: Level 2 Chapters 17-20

Total score: ____of 100

Name

Short Answer: Each question is worth 5 points: 1. Name the invisible waves that come to the earth from the sun, have a wavelength longer than red, and can be felt as heat when they are absorbed by an object.

2. When an object absorbs light, what energy change takes place?

3. Give at least two ways that solar power can be used.

4. How can you recharge a solar battery?

5. Does sunscreen lotion help to prevent ultraviolet waves from being absorbed by your skin?

6. What are some beneficial uses of ultraviolet and infrared light?

7. What kind of electromagnetic waves cause a sunburn, are known as “black light,” and cause fluorescent paints to glow?

8. Which kind of electromagnetic wave is considered most dangerous — one with a very long wavelength or one with a very short wavelength?

9. Can electromagnetic waves travel through empty space?

10. When do infrared waves change into heat energy?

Second Semester / Fourth Quarter  

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11. What kind of energy is used by windmills?

12. Current electricity is produced when loops of connected wire are turned inside of what kind of equipment?

13. What can be done to provide electricity on a wind farm when the wind isn’t blowing?

14. Why are wind farms not a good idea everywhere?

15. Name some renewable energy sources.

16. Name some nonrenewable energy sources.

17. What did Lise and her nephew think they had figured out about what was happening when uranium was bombarded by neutrons?

18. Did their findings match Einstein’s predictions on the equation E=mc2?

19. Were Lise and her nephew looking for a way to build a new kind of weapon from uranium?

20. What is a major difference in the work of scientists as compared to that of technologists or engineers?

70   Second Semester / Fourth Quarter

T

Energy Concepts & Comprehension

Test 1 Scope: Level 2 Chapters 1-20

Total score: ____of 100

Name

Short Answer: Each question is worth 2 points. 1. Give two examples of how one form of energy can change into heat energy. Give another example of an energy change.

2. The following list contains examples of forces, properties of matter, and forms of energy. Underline all the examples of forms of energy: inertia, light, heat, density, buoyancy, electricity, lift, weight, chemical, push, nuclear.

3. Define mechanical energy and give an example.

4. What kind of energy can be quickly provided by a battery?

5. Give two examples of energy that is stored in such a way that it can be used at a later time.

6. Does a tank full of gasoline contain potential or kinetic energy?

7. At what point on a roller coaster ride is the potential energy the greatest?

8. Which form of energy is more powerful — nuclear or chemical?

9. When light is absorbed by an object, what form of energy will much of it eventually change into?

10. What happens when light hits a white object?

11. What happens when light hits a black object?

12. What are three things that can happen to a beam of light when it hits an object? Second Semester / Fourth Quarter  

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13. Where does an image focus inside the eye?

14. What are the three primary colors of light?

15. What is a triangular-shaped piece of glass or plastic that separates the colors of light into the visible spectrum?

16. Invisible light waves that are a little longer than red and can be felt as heat waves are called what?

17. Give five examples of transverse waves.

18. What are three ways in which one sound differs from another?

19. What tends to be the difference when sound waves hit a hard surface and when they hit a soft surface?

20. Write a definition of heat.

21. What kind of substances allow heat to travel through them easily?

22. What happens to the motion of the molecules of a liquid when the liquid gets hotter?

23. Give three ways in which heat can be transferred from one object to another.

24. How does the sun’s energy reach the earth?

25. Does warm air tend to rise or sink?

72   Second Semester / Fourth Quarter

26. Which of the following materials are magnetic materials: glass, steel, nickel, wood, water, gold, cobalt, magnesium, oxygen, iron, plastic?

27. How are regular magnets and electromagnets alike?

28. How are regular magnets and electromagnets different?

29. In what direction does a compass needle point when it stops moving?

30. What do magnetic materials have in them that other materials do not have?

31. Why can things like wood, lead, tin, or plastic materials not be made into magnets?

32. What is a compass needle?

33. A magnetic line of force extends from what to what?

34. Explain how the earth’s magnetic field protects us from many of the harmful radiations that come from the sun.

35. Where are the magnetic lines of force around a magnet closest together?

36. Is there a magnetic field around a magnet?

37. Is there a magnetic field around a moving current of electricity?

38. Suppose you feel a little shock after walking across a carpeted floor and touching a metal door handle. Is this kind of shock caused by current electricity or static electricity? Second Semester / Fourth Quarter  

73

39. Atoms contain positive, negative, and neutral particles. Which two kinds of particles are found in the nucleus of an atom?

40. Do electrons have a positive or a negative charge?

41. What do we call materials that electrons cannot move through easily? Give two examples.

42. What is the purpose of a switch?

43. What four things are found in most complete circuits?

44. What kind of current is produced by a generator and is used by most household appliances?

45. What are two reasons why household circuits are wired in parallel?

46. Name the invisible waves that come to the earth from the sun, have a wavelength longer than red, and can be felt as heat when it is absorbed by an object.

47. When an object absorbs light, what energy change takes place?

48. Give at least two ways that solar power can be used.

49. What kind of electromagnetic waves cause a sunburn, are known as “black light,” and cause fluorescent paints to glow?

50. Name some renewable energy sources.

74   Second Semester / Fourth Quarter

Quiz and Test Answers for Use with Science Starters: Elementary Chemistry and Physics

Matter

Quiz Answer Keys Level 1 & 2

Quiz 1 Level 1, chapters 1-4 1. analytical 2. medical 3. environmental 4. fragment 5. physical 6. viscosity 7. temperature 8. pressure 9. absorb 10. polymers 11. solids 12. liquids 13. surface 14. cohesion 15. elasticity 16. mixtures 17. faster 18. chemicals 19. chromatography 20. minerals 21. Physical properties include characteristics you can see, hear, taste, smell, or feel, but could be any physical characteristic of a substance. 22. It is a dull white color. It can flow like a liquid when poured from a container. When pressure is applied quickly, it will have properties like a solid. Its viscosity varies with pressure. 23. A substance’s physical properties will be present regardless of the size, shape, or amount of the substance. Scientists look for characteristics that will remain the same no matter where the chemical is found. 24. Yes, this is a good clue that there are at least two chemicals in the marker. 25. Density, boiling point, melting point, solubility in water, color, odor, taste, shininess, hardness, magnetic effects, and many other things.

Quiz 2 Level 1, chapters 5-8 1. mixed 2. chemically

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3. distillation 4. separated 5. evaporating 6. milliliter 7. centimeter 8. milligram 9. water 10. sink 11. tetrahedron 12. polar 13. liquid 14. water 15. smallest 16. polar 17. surface 18. adhesion 19. density 20. negative 21. Salt and sand stirred together, crude oil, and salt water are all mixtures. (Distilled water is a pure substance.) 22. Measure enough water in a graduated cylinder to cover the rock. Carefully add the rock, and measure the level of water. Subtract the two water levels to find the volume of the rock. 23. Positive and negative. 24. The water will round up on the penny. There are strong cohesive forces between the water molecules, especially at the surface of the water. 25. A person’s mass would remain the same. What happens to the person’s weight? A person’s weight would decrease as the distance from the earth increased. Quiz 3 Level 1, chapters 9-12 1. polar 2. non-polar 3. non-polar 4. soap 5. hard 6. acids 7. bases 8. water 9. sour 10. indicators 11. carbonic

12. salt 13. acidic 14. neutral 15. acid 16. elements 17. left 18. symbol 19. formula 20. boxy 21. Lipstick and other oily substances are non-polar compounds, and water is a polar compound. Polar compounds do not dissolve non-polar compounds. 22. Their molecules break apart. One part becomes positive and one part becomes negative. 23. Phenol red, litmus paper, pH paper (many others). 24. A metal and a nonmetal (or groups of atoms that behave as if they were a single metal or nonmetal. Examples of such groups of atoms are carbonates, CO3- or phosphates, PO4-). 25. You should dilute the chemical by pouring lots of water on your skin. Quiz 4 Level 1, chapters 13-16 1. vertically 2. metals 3. less 4. blanks 5. gas 6. electrolysis 7. oxygen 8. hydrogen 9. water 10. hydrogen 11. properties 12. carbon 13. steam 14. chemical 15. physical 16. chemical 17. chemical 18. physical 19. chemical 20. chemical 21. Most reactive: potassium, chlorine, and selenium. 22. Tearing paper, grinding up chalk, boiling water, freezing water, melting ice, drying wet clothes, and

dissolving sugar in a glass of tea are a few examples of physical changes. 23. Burning paper, combining vinegar and baking soda, rusting of iron, removing iron from iron ore, and combining sulfuric acid and zinc are a few examples of chemical changes. There are many other examples. 24. Formation of bubbles, temperature change, formation of an insoluble chemical, and color change. 25. This would have been strong evidence against the theory that water was one of the four basic elements. Quiz 5 Level 1, chapters 17-20 1. carbon dioxide 2. oxygen 3. dry ice 4. burn 5. carbon dioxide 6. molecules 7. heat 8. temperatures 9. controls 10. procedure 11. gas 12. solid 13. physical 14. cold 15. water 16. air 17. gas 18. evaporation 19. cooling 20. surface 21. Carbon dioxide is a heavy gas that doesn’t burn. It will settle over the burning candle and cut off the oxygen supply. 22. Small pieces of an effervescent tablet have more surface area than one big piece and more places where the water molecules can come in contact with them. 23. When the cement gets hotter, its molecules begin to move faster and get farther apart. This causes the cement to expand. The cracks help to keep it from breaking as it expands. 24. In order for a liquid to change into a gas, it must absorb energy. As sweat drops evaporate, energy is absorbed from your skin. 25. A peer review is where fellow scientists review an experiment someone has conducted. They may 

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comment about the things that were done right, but they especially look for things that should have been done differently or might be a weakness in the experiment. They are often called critical peer reviews. They are an important part of scientific research. Quiz 1 Level 2, chapters 1-4 1. Physical properties include characteristics you can see, hear, taste, smell, or feel, but could be any physical characteristic of a substance. 2. A substance’s physical properties will be present regardless of the size, shape, or amount of the substance. Scientists look for characteristics that will remain the same no matter where the chemical is found. 3. Density, boiling point, melting point, solubility in water, color, odor, taste, shininess, hardness, magnetic effects, and many other things. 4. An element or a compound; a fragment would have the same properties as the whole substance. 5. Analytical chemistry includes what chemicals are present, their characteristics, and how much is present. 6. Medical labs might test blood and urine for the presence of many kinds of substances. 7. These labs might help identify pollutants in the air, water, and environment. 8. How slowly a liquid pours from a container or how hard it is to push something through the liquid. 9. Pressure (and temperature) 10. It has the unusual property of being able to absorb enormous amounts of liquids. 11. They are made of many similar small chemicals (called monomers) that were joined together to form long chains of molecules. 12. In solids 13. In liquids 14. Surface tension 15. Cohesion 16. Elasticity 17. Hard water contains more dissolved minerals than soft water. Hard water is more difficult to lather than soft water. 18. Surface tension 19. Mixture 20. A device used to help analyze the chemicals in substances.

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Quiz 2 Level 2, chapters 5-8 1. Salt and sand stirred together, crude oil, and salt water are all mixtures. (Distilled water is a pure substance.) 2. Every piece of a pure substance has the same properties as the whole substance. A mixture is made of two or more substances that can be separated on the basis of some physical property. 3. Yes, except that they may be temporarily hidden from view. 4. No 5. Their boiling points 6. One that is not dissolved in the liquid 7. By evaporating the water 8. A person’s mass would remain the same. 9. A person’s weight would decrease as the distance from the earth increased. 10. Milliliter, liter, cubic centimeter (other units) 11. 25 grams 12. Positive and negative 13. Acids, bases, salts, sugars (many other things) 14. Hydrogen and oxygen 15. A tetrahedron 16. Polar molecules 17. Water is a liquid at room temperature; it expands when it freezes; drops of water are rounded in shape; it can dissolve many substances. There are many other properties as well. 18. The positive and negative charges attract each other. 19. Surface tension 20. The density of the substance 21. The formula for water is H2O. H is the symbol for hydrogen and O is the symbol for oxygen. The subscript 2 means there are 2 atoms of hydrogen in each molecule of water. No number after oxygen means there is one atom of oxygen in each molecule of water. 22. An atom is the smallest particle of an element that is still that element. A molecule is made up of two or more atoms joined together by a chemical bond. Quiz 3 Level 2, chapters 9-12 1. Polar molecules 2. Lipstick is a non-polar compound. 3. Water, a polar compound, cannot dissolve oil, a nonpolar compound.

4. 5. 6. 7.

Citrus fruits contain acids. Many common cleaners contain bases. Acids and bases are found in water solutions. Their molecules break apart. One part become positive and one part becomes negative. 8. Sour taste 9. Bitter taste and slippery feel 10. Indicators 11. Red (pink); blue 12. An acid is indicated by pH numbers below 7. 13. In acids 14. No 15. Carbonic acid 16. Elements 17. Metals are found to the left of the dividing line. 18. Nonmetals are found to the right of the dividing line, except for hydrogen. 19. A metal and a nonmetal (or groups of atoms that behave as if they were a single metal or nonmetal. Examples of such groups of atoms are carbonates, CO3- or phosphates, PO4-). 20. A chemical symbol is one or two letters that have been assigned to identify an element on the Periodic Table. Quiz 4 Level 2, chapters 13-16 1. Elements 2. In vertical columns 3. Except for hydrogen, metals are on the left side. 4. Except for hydrogen, nonmetals are found to the right of the dividing line. 5. Water and a salt 6. A chemical change produced by an electrical current. 7. No 8. This would have been strong evidence against the theory that water was one of the four basic elements. 9. Tearing paper, grinding up chalk, boiling water, freezing water, melting ice, drying wet clothes, and dissolving sugar in a glass of tea are a few examples of physical changes. 10. During a chemical change, new compounds with different properties form. During a physical change, the size or shape of a substance may change, a substance may change from one state to another, one thing may dissolve in another; however, the same chemicals are present throughout the change and their properties don’t change.

11. Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen 12. Carbon 13. Water in the form of steam 14. Chemical 15. Physical 16. Sugar is a white color and sand is a tan color. Sugar can be crushed by pushing on it with a metal object, but sand is much harder to crush. 17. Yes, a color change and the formation of an insoluble substance are two clues that a chemical reaction occurred. 18. In physical changes, the arrangement of the atoms and molecules remain the same. In chemical changes, there is a rearrangement of the atoms and molecules. (Some students may define chemical changes in terms of new substances with different properties.) 19. Formation of bubbles, temperature change, formation of an insoluble chemical, and color change 20. Adding vinegar to baking soda and combining an acid and a base are examples of chemical changes. Quiz 5 Level 2, chapters 17-20 1. Carbon dioxide 2. Oxygen 3. Colorless, odorless, heavier than ordinary air, doesn’t burn 4. Very cold carbon dioxide in a solid state 5. No, it changes state by going directly from a solid state to a gaseous state. It skips the liquid state. 6. A burning candle must have oxygen to keep burning. When the oxygen inside the container is used up, it cannot keep on burning. 7. Carbon dioxide 8. No 9. Yes 10. A peer review is where fellow scientists review an experiment someone has conducted. They may comment about the things that were done right, but they especially look for things that should have been done differently or might be a weakness in the experiment. They are often called critical peer reviews. They are an important part of scientific research. 11. Molecules are closer together in a liquid than they are in a gas. 12. Molecules are closer together in a solid than they are in a liquid.

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13. Phase changes are physical changes. 14. When heat energy is added to a substance, the molecules begin to move faster and farther. 15. Water 16. Into the air 17. A gas 18. Yes 19. Cooling 20. At the surface of a liquid 21. In order for a liquid to change into a gas, it must absorb energy. As sweat drops evaporate, energy is absorbed from your skin.

Matter Test 1 Level 1 1. analytical 2. viscosity 3. cohesion 4. elasticity 5. minerals 6. distillation 7. evaporating 8. polar 9. surface 10. adhesion 11. soap 12. bases 13. water 14. sour 15. indicators 16. metals 17. electrolysis 18. carbon 19. physical 20. chemical 21. oxygen 22. carbon dioxide 23. heat 24. controls 25. cooling

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Test Answer Key Level 1 & 2

26. Physical properties include characteristics you can see, hear, taste, smell, or feel, but could be any physical characteristic of a substance. 27. A substance’s physical properties will be present regardless of the size, shape, or amount of the substance. Scientists look for characteristics that will remain the same no matter where the chemical is found. 28. Measure enough water in a graduated cylinder to cover the rock. Carefully add the rock, and measure the level of water. Subtract the two water levels to find the volume of the rock 29. Positive and negative 30. Their molecules break apart. One part becomes positive and one part becomes negative. 31. Phenol red, litmus paper, pH paper (many others). 32. Burning paper, combining vinegar and baking soda, rusting of iron, removing iron from iron ore, and combining sulfuric acid and zinc are a few examples of chemical changes. There are many other examples. 33. When the cement gets hotter, its molecules begin to move faster and get farther apart. This causes the cement to expand. The cracks help to keep it from breaking as it expands. 34. A person’s mass would remain the same. What happens to the person’s weight? A person’s weight would decrease as the distance from the earth increased. 35. You should dilute the chemical by pouring lots of water on your skin. Test 1 Level 2 1. Physical properties include characteristics you can see, hear, taste, smell, or feel, but could be any physical characteristic of a substance. 2. A substance’s physical properties will be present regardless of the size, shape, or amount of the substance. Scientists look for characteristics that will remain the same no matter where the chemical is found. 3. Density, boiling point, melting point, solubility in water, color, odor, taste, shininess, hardness, magnetic effects, and many other things 4. An element or a compound; a fragment would have the same properties as the whole substance 5. Analytical chemistry includes what chemicals are present, their characteristics, and how much is present. 6. Elasticity

7. Hard water contains more dissolved minerals than soft water. Hard water is more difficult to lather than soft water. 8. Surface tension 9. Mixtures 10. A device used to help analyze the chemicals in substances 11. Salt and sand stirred together, crude oil, and salt water are all mixtures. (Distilled water is a pure substance.) 12. Every piece of a pure substance has the same properties as the whole substance. A mixture is made of two or more substances that can be separated on the basis of some physical property. 13. Yes, except that they may be temporarily hidden from view. 14. No 15. Their boiling points 16. Acids, bases, salts, sugars (many other things). 17. Hydrogen and oxygen 18. A tetrahedron 19. Polar molecules 20. Water is a liquid at room temperature; it expands when it freezes; drops of water are rounded in shape; it can dissolve many substances. There are many other properties as well. 21. The formula for water is H2O. H is the symbol for hydrogen and O is the symbol for oxygen. The subscript 2 means there are 2 atoms of hydrogen in each molecule of water. No number after oxygen means there is one atom of oxygen in each molecule of water. 22. An atom is the smallest particle of an element that is still that element. A molecule is made up of two or more atoms joined together by a chemical bond. 23. Water, a polar compound, cannot dissolve oil, a nonpolar compound. 24. Citrus fruits contain acids. 25. Red (pink); blue 26. An acid is indicated by pH numbers below 7. 27. Carbonic acid 28. Metals are found to the left of the dividing line. 29. A chemical symbol is one or two letters that have been assigned to identify an element on the Periodic Table. 30. Elements 31. In vertical columns 32. Water and a salt

33. A chemical change produced by an electrical current 34. Tearing paper, grinding up chalk, boiling water, freezing water, melting ice, drying wet clothes, and dissolving sugar in a glass of tea are a few examples of physical changes. 35. Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen 36. Sugar is a white color and sand is a tan color. Sugar can be crushed by pushing on it with a metal object, but sand is much harder to crush. Sugar is soluble in water, while sand is not. 37. In physical changes, the arrangement of the atoms and molecules remain the same. In chemical changes, there is a rearrangement of the atoms and molecules. (Some students may define chemical changes in terms of new substances with different properties.) 38. Formation of bubbles, temperature change, formation of an insoluble chemical, and color change 39. Adding vinegar to baking soda and combining an acid and a base are examples of chemical changes. 40. Oxygen 41. Colorless, odorless, heavier than ordinary air, doesn’t burn 42. Very cold carbon dioxide in a solid state 43. A burning candle must have oxygen to keep burning. When the oxygen inside the container is used up, it cannot keep on burning. 44. Carbon dioxide 45. No 46. Yes 47. A peer review is where fellow scientists review an experiment someone has conducted. They may comment about the things that were done right, but they especially look for things that should have been done differently or might be a weakness in the experiment. They are often called critical peer reviews. They are an important part of scientific research. 48. When heat energy is added to a substance, the molecules begin to move faster and farther. 49. Cooling 50. At the surface of a liquid

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Energy

Quiz Answer Keys Level 1 & 2

Quiz One, Level 1 Chapters 1-4 1. mechanical 2. chemical 3. electrical 4. electrical 5. chemical 6. matter 7. forces 8. mechanical 9. created 10. battery 11. potential 12. stored 13. nuclear 14. heat 15. reflected 16. absorbed 17. smaller 18. upside-down 19. brain 20. convex 21. Two examples in which energy does work for us include using energy to make objects move and using energy to change things. (There are other examples.) 22. At the bottom of the first hill 23. It will be reflected at a 45o angle. 24. The light waves that hit the clothes are reflected. These waves do not change into heat. (Heat waves will still hit the clothes.) 25. Label the parts of the human eye: pupil, convex lens, retina.

-On the retina -Upside-down

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Quiz Two, Level 1 Chapters 5-8 1. white 2. prism 3. red 4. infrared 5. transverse 6. waves 7. up and down 8. back and forth 9. vibrating 10. longitudinal 11. reflected 12. heat 13. insulators 14. expands 15. conduction 16. convection 17. sea breezes 18. calories 19. radiation 20. rise 21. red, green, and blue 22. Sounds can differ in pitch, loudness, and quality. 23. Connections might pull apart when the bridge gets cold. The bridge might buckle when the bridge gets hot. 24. From the hotter object to the colder object 25. Radio waves, microwaves, infrared rays, ultraviolet rays, X-rays (others) Quiz Three, Level 1 Chapters 9-12 1. nail 2. poles 3. fields 4. electromagnets 5. electromagnets 6. magnet 7. poles 8. north 9. north 10. magnetic 11. domains 12. domains 13. magnet 14. heating

15. domains 16. magnet 17. force 18. electric 19. field 20. field 21. steel, nickel, cobalt, iron. 22. One way is to approach a freely turning magnet from an east-west direction while holding a magnet and compare when the magnet first turns. Another way is to measure the distance at which a pin will move toward a magnet. The stronger the magnet, the farther its magnetic field will be detected. 23. Iron, nickel, and cobalt are magnetic materials. Copper, aluminum, plastic, and many other substances are not magnetic materials. 24. The iron filings became aligned with the magnetic lines of force. 25. Many of these radiations are deflected away from the center of the earth by the earth’s lines of force. The waves and particles follow the earth’s lines of force toward the poles. (As they approach the earth’s two magnetic poles, they pass through the earth’s atmosphere in large numbers and create a beautiful display of lights.) Quiz Four, Level 1 Chapters 13-16 1. static 2. electrons 3. atoms 4. atom 5. field 6. negative 7. repel 8. positively 9. charged 10. conductors 11. insulators 12. metal 13. parallel 14. switch 15. DC (direct current) 16. AC (alternating current) 17. parallel 18. parallel 19. parallel

20. electricity 21. positive protons and neutral neutrons 22. If a negatively charged object is brought near (or touches) the top of the electroscope, a few of the electrons will be repelled. They will move down the conductors until they reach the aluminum foil. When both strips of foil get a negative charge, the strips repel each other and move away from each other. 23. Everything may not be wired correctly. The insulation may not be removed from the connecting points. The bulb might not be screwed into the socket. The switch might not be on. The lightbulbs might be burned out. The batteries might be dead. 24. They would have about the same brightness. 25. Both have invisible fields around them. The magnetic field around a magnet can affect other magnets without touching them. Charged objects have an electric field around them that can affect other charged objects without touching them. Negative charges are repelled by negative charges and attracted by positive charges. Two north poles (or two south poles) of magnets repel each other, and a north pole and a south pole attract each other. Quiz Five, Level 1 Chapters 17-20 1. infrared 2. heat 3. recharge 4. ultraviolet 5. light 6. short 7. empty 8. strike 9. mechanical 10. generators 11. energy 12. wind 13. wind, water, solar energy, geothermal sources, or ocean tide 14. wind, water, solar energy, geothermal sources, or ocean tide 15. wind, water, solar energy, geothermal sources, or ocean tide 16. wind, water, solar energy, geothermal sources, or ocean tide 17. wind, water, solar energy, geothermal sources, or ocean tide

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18. coal, oil, natural gas, or nuclear energy 19. coal, oil, natural gas, or nuclear energy 20. coal, oil, natural gas, or nuclear energy 21. They can both be used to make pictures at night. Infrared light is used by police and the military in night vision goggles; it is used in heat lamps. Ultraviolet light, also known as “black light,” can make certain chemicals glow in the dark. It can be used to identify people who have paid to enter an event and have received a fluorescent stamp on their hands. It can be used for entertainment and for making pictures glow in the dark. 22. Solar power can be used to make a pocket calculator work; cause driveway lights to stay on all night; provide power for space vehicles; other ways. 23. Uranium atoms were splitting in half and, in the process, small amounts of mass from the uranium atoms were disappearing and changing into huge amounts of energy. This agreed with what Einstein had predicted when he proposed his equation E=mc2. 24. No. Their purpose was to figure out a logical explanation for why barium was forming as uranium was bombarded with the neutrons. Generally, scientists seek to find explanations for things that have been observed in nature, while technologists and engineers seek to apply this information and make products or find solutions to problems. 25. When the resistance stays the same, an increase in the voltage (push) also increases the current (water flow). If the resistance (close nozzle part way) increases and the voltage (push) stays the same, the current (water flow) will be smaller. If the resistance is low (nozzle opened up) and the voltage remains the same, the current (water flow) will be greater. The damaging effect of an electric shock actually comes from high current. This means the circuits with the lowest resistance would have the largest current and would be the most dangerous. Quiz One, Level 2: Chapters 1-4 1. Mechanical (moving) energy can change into heat energy, electrical energy can change into heat energy, and the chemical energy in a candle can change into heat energy. Other examples of energy changes are the chemical energy in a battery can change into electrical energy and electrical energy can change into light energy. 2. The examples of forms of energy are light, heat, electricity, chemical, and nuclear. (Inertia and density

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are properties of matter; buoyancy, lift, weight, and push are examples of forces.) 3. Mechanical energy is energy of motion. An example is rubbing a piece of sandpaper over a board. 4. Electrical energy 5. Yes 6. Energy can be stored in a battery for later use. An object that has been lifted to a higher position has potential gravitational energy. A stretched rubber band has the potential to start vibrating and making sounds. A tank full of gasoline contains stored chemical energy. 7. Potential 8. At the starting position 9. At the bottom of the first hill when the marble is moving the fastest 10. Nuclear 11. Most of it changes into heat energy. 12. The light waves are reflected. 13. The light waves are absorbed. 14. The light waves that hit the clothes are reflected. These waves do not change into heat. (Heat waves will still hit the clothes.) 15. They make them appear smaller. 16. It can be reflected off the object, it can be absorbed, or it can go through the object. 17. To give the driver a wider view of what’s behind the car. 18. Upside-down 19. On the retina 20. Upside-down Quiz Two, Level 2: Chapters 5-8 1. Red, green, and blue 2. White 3. Prism 4. Infrared 5. Radio waves, microwaves, infrared rays, ultraviolet rays, X-rays (others) 6. Yes 7. Longitudinal waves (that vibrate back and forth) 8. There is no air around the moon to carry the sound waves. 9. Yes 10. Sounds can differ in pitch, loudness, and quality. 11. Sound waves tend to be reflected from a hard surface and absorbed by a soft surface.

12. Heat is the energy of moving molecules as the energy is transferred from hotter to colder things. 13. Metals and other conductors 14. Insulators, such as wood, pure water, plastic, etc. 15. When a liquid gets hotter, the molecules in it move faster and farther. 16. Heat energy is transferred from one object to another by conduction. Heat energy moves in air or liquids by convection currents as warmer air (or liquid) rises and cooler air (or liquid) sinks. 17. It keeps the heat inside. 18. Conduction, convection, and radiation 19. Calories and joules 20. By radiation Quiz Three, Level 2: Chapters 9-12 1. No 2. No 3. Steel, nickel, cobalt, iron. 4. They both have north and south poles.They both have magnetic fields around them. 5. Electromagnets can be turned on and off. The north and south poles of electromagnets can be reversed by reversing the current. 6. Lodestone is a naturally occurring magnet. 7. A magnet that is balanced on a pivot 8. Magnetic North Pole 9. Magnetic domains 10. No, because copper is not a magnetic material and doesn’t have magnetic domains. 11. They are not magnetic materials and do not contain magnetic domains. 12. By dropping, hitting, or heating it. This could cause the magnetic domains to get jumbled up. 13. A magnet that is balanced on a pivot 14. All magnetic lines of force extend from a north magnetic pole to a south magnetic pole. The poles can be from the same magnet or from different magnets. 15. Many of these radiations are deflected away from the center of the earth by the earth’s lines of force. The waves and particles follow the earth’s lines of force toward the poles. (As they approach the earth’s two magnetic poles, they pass through the earth’s atmosphere in large numbers and create a beautiful display of lights.) 16. At the north and south poles 17. Yes

18. Yes 19. Approximately north (usually) 20. Magnetic domains Quiz Four, Level 2: Chapters 13-16 1. Static electricity 2. Positive protons and neutral neutrons 3. A magnetic field 4. An electric field 5. Negative 6. Conductors, such as copper or aluminum 7. Insulators, such as rubber or plastic 8. Parallel 9. A switch lets you start and stop the flow of electricity only as you need it. 10. All electrical circuits need a power source, something to use the electricity, and connecting wires or other conductors. Most circuits will also have a switch, but they are not essential. 11. DC current (direct current) 12. AC current (alternating current) 13. Heat 14. Light and heat 15. They would have about the same brightness. 16. Two lamps wired in parallel. 17. If one light (or appliance) goes off, the others will stay on. Lights don’t get dimmer as more lights (or appliances) are turned on. 18. The battery won’t last long. 19. Magnetic lines of force 20. They repel (push away) each other. Quiz Five, Level 2: Chapters 17-20 1. Infrared waves 2. Some of the light energy becomes heat energy. 3. Solar power can be used to make a pocket calculator work; cause driveway lights to stay on all night; provide power for space vehicles; other ways. 4. Hold it under a light or leave it in the sun 5. Yes 6. They can both be used to make pictures at night. Infrared light is used by police and the military in night vision goggles; it is used in heat lamps. Ultraviolet light, also known as “black light,” can make certain chemicals glow in the dark. It can be used to identify people who have paid to enter an event and have received a fluorescent stamp on their 

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hands. It can be used for entertainment and for making pictures glow in the dark. 7. Ultraviolet light 8. Electromagnetic waves with very short wavelengths are more dangerous than electromagnetic waves with long wavelengths. 9. Yes 10. When they strike something 11. Mechanical 12. Generators 13. Energy can be stored when the wind is blowing and used when it isn’t. 14. In some places, there isn’t enough wind on a regular basis to be practical. 15. Wind, water, solar energy, geothermal sources, ocean tides (others) 16. Coal, oil, natural gas, and nuclear energy 17. Uranium atoms were splitting in half and, in the process, small amounts of mass from the uranium atoms were disappearing and changing into huge amounts of energy. 18. This agreed with what Einstein had predicted when he proposed his equation E = mc2. 19. No. Their purpose was to figure out a logical explanation for why barium was forming as uranium was bombarded with the neutrons. 20. Generally, scientists seek to find explanations for things that have been observed in nature, while technologists and engineers seek to apply this information and make products or find solutions to problems.

12. fields 13. north 14. domains 15. electric 16. static 17. atoms 18. conductors 19. insulators 20. parallel 21. heat 22. recharge 23. ultraviolet 24. strike 25. mechanical 26. At the bottom of the first hill 27. It will be reflected at a 45o angle. 28. red, green, and blue 29. Connections might pull apart when the bridge gets cold. The bridge might buckle when the bridge gets hot. 30. steel, nickel, cobalt, iron 31. The iron filings became aligned with the magnetic lines of force. 32. Positive protons and neutral neutrons 33. Solar power can be used to make a pocket calculator work; cause driveway lights to stay on all night; provide power for space vehicles; other ways. 34. Label the parts of the human eye: pupil, convex lens, retina.

Energy Test Answer Key Test 1 Level 1 1. mechanical 2. electrical 3. chemical 4. potential 5. absorbed 6. white 7. transverse 8. vibrating 9. reflected 10. radiation 11. poles

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35. One way is to approach a freely turning magnet from an east-west direction while holding a magnet and compare when the magnet first turns. Another way is to measure the distance at which a pin will move toward a magnet. The stronger the magnet, the farther its magnetic field will be detected. Test 1 Level 2 1. Mechanical (moving) energy can change into heat energy, electrical energy can change into heat energy, and the chemical energy in a candle can change into heat energy. Other examples of energy changes are

the chemical energy in a battery can change into electrical energy and electrical energy can change into light energy. 2. The examples of forms of energy are light, heat, electricity, chemical, and nuclear. (Inertia and density are properties of matter; buoyancy, lift, weight, and push are examples of forces.) 3. Mechanical energy is energy of motion. An example is rubbing a piece of sandpaper over a board. 4. Electrical energy 5. Energy can be stored in a battery for later use. An object that has been lifted to a higher position has potential gravitational energy. A stretched rubber band has the potential to start vibrating and making sounds. A tank full of gasoline contains stored chemical energy. 6. Potential 7. At the starting position 8. Nuclear 9. Most of it changes into heat energy. 10. The light waves are reflected. 11. The light waves are absorbed. 12. It can be reflected off the object; it can be absorbed; or it can go through the object. 13. On the retina 14. Red, green, and blue 15. Prism 16. Infrared 17. Radio waves, microwaves, infrared rays, ultraviolet rays, X-rays (others) 18. Sounds can differ in pitch, loudness, and quality. 19. Sound waves tend to be reflected from a hard surface and absorbed by a soft surface. 20. Heat is the energy of moving molecules as the energy is transferred from hotter to colder things. 21. Metals and other conductors 22. When a liquid gets hotter, the molecules in it move faster and farther. 23. Conduction, convection, and radiation 24. By radiation 25. Rise 26. Steel, nickel, cobalt, iron 27. They both have north and south poles. They both have magnetic fields around them. 28. Electromagnets can be turned on and off. The north and south poles of electromagnets can be reversed by reversing the current. 29. Approximately north (usually)

30. Magnetic domains 31. They are not magnetic materials and do not contain magnetic domains. 32. A magnet that is balanced on a pivot 33. All magnetic lines of force extend from a north magnetic pole to a south magnetic pole. The poles can be from the same magnet or from different magnets. 34. Many of these radiations are deflected away from the center of the earth by the earth’s lines of force. The waves and particles follow the earth’s lines of force toward the poles. (As they approach the earth’s two magnetic poles, they pass through the earth’s atmosphere in large numbers and create a beautiful display of lights.) 35. At the north and south poles 36. Yes 37. Yes 38. Static electricity 39. Positive protons and neutral neutrons 40. Negative 41. Insulators, such as rubber or plastic. 42. A switch lets you start and stop the flow of electricity only as you need it. 43. All electrical circuits need a power source, something to use the electricity, and connecting wires or other conductors. Most circuits will also have a switch, but they are not essential. 44. AC current (alternating current) 45. If one light (or appliance) goes off, the others will stay on. Lights don’t get dimmer as more lights (or appliances) are turned on. 46. Infrared waves 47. Some of the light energy becomes heat energy. 48. Solar power can be used to make a pocket calculator work; cause driveway lights to stay on all night; provide power for space vehicles; other ways. 49. Ultraviolet light 50. Wind, water, solar energy, geothermal sources, ocean tides (others)

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Master Supply List for Use with Science Starters: Elementary Chemistry and Physics

❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏

Matter Semester Supply List Common Household Items

Baking soda Balloon (6–9 inch round) Bottles (various) Bubble wands Calculator Candle Coffee filters (thick, white) Container (various) Copper penny Cornstarch Cup (20 small, 10 oz., clear, plastic, 2 with lids) Deep bowl Distilled water Flexible straws Fruit (citrus) Funnel Glass container (shallow) Glass eye dropper Graduated cylinder (or pouring cup with metric units) Heating plate or other source of heat Heavy-duty aluminum foil Ice Labels Large container with lid Large pan or sink Lighter or matches (an adult will need to use these) Liquid soap (dishwashing and dish washer) Magnet Magnifying glass Markers (various, water soluble) Measuring cup Medicine dropper Metal pans Metal spoon Paper Paper towels Pencils Penny Plastic bottle (2 liter) Plastic bowl (small) Plate (clear) Putty or clay Rock Rubber balloons

❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏

Rubbing alcohol Ruler Safety glasses Salt Sand Scissors Sealed container Steel wool pad Stir stick Straws (10) String Sugar (granulated and cube) Tall drinking glass Tape Tea bags (3) Test tubes (2) Timer or watch with second hand Tongs Toothpicks (4) Vegetable oil Vinegar Water Waxed paper Wooden block Wool or fur Zip bag (quart and gallon)

❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏

6-volt battery Disposable baby diapers (2) Effervescent tablets Epsom salts (plain without soap) Fingernail polish remover (with acetone) Glycerin Insulated solid core wires with alligator clips on the ends (2) Iron filings Iron nail Litmus paper (red and blue strips) Mild cleaners containing ammonium hydroxide Paraffin Phenol red Styrofoam balls (two-1/2", one-1") Red cabbage juice (purple cabbage)

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Additional Household Items

List courtesy of: InvestigateThePossibilities.org Visit the site for more information and specialty items. 

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Matter Supply List by Investigation Investigation #1: The Physical Side of Chemicals Gather These Things: ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏

Magnet Iron nail Sugar cube Copper penny Container of water A piece of paraffin Small amount of vegetable oil

Investigation #2: Strange Substances and Their Properties Gather These Things: ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏

Cornstarch Water Quart-size zip bag Gallon-size zip bag Graduated cylinder (or pouring cup with metric units) Two disposable baby diapers Small plastic bowl Metal spoon Large pan or sink

Investigation #3: Chemistry Fun with Bubbles Gather These Things: ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏

Water Straws Dishwashing liquid Glycerin Bubble wands Large container with lid Small plastic container for bubble solution

Investigation #4: Colors Are Colors Gather These Things: ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏

10-oz clear cups Pencils Scissors Distilled water Tape Thick, white coffee filters Black, red, blue, and yellow colored markers (water soluble)

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Investigation #5: How in the World Can You Separate a Mixture of Sand and Salt? Gather These Things: ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏

Funnel Water Container Salt Magnifying Glass Coffee filter Scissors Stir stick Iron filings Sand Shallow glass container

Investigation #6: Water Is the Standard Gather These Things: ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏

Objects supplied by teacher Graduated cylinder Rock String Water Scissors Calculator Rectangular wooden block Small metric ruler Cm3 paper pattern (see back of the Student Answer Book) ❏❏ Chart of densities (see Appendix) ❏❏ Small English ruler Investigation #7: Bending Streams of Water Gather These Things: ❏❏ Rubber balloons (rubber or plastic combs will also work) ❏❏ Bottles (that will form a stream of water) ❏❏ Paper (torn into small pieces) ❏❏ Piece of wool or fur ❏❏ String ❏❏ Scissors ❏❏ One-inch Styrofoam ball ❏❏ (Two) 1/2-inch Styrofoam balls ❏❏ Four toothpicks ❏❏ Pattern for tetrahedron (see back of Student Journal)

Investigation #8: Drops of Water Gather These Things: ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏

Waxed paper Penny Medicine dropper Liquid soap Water Toothpick Graduated cylinder Pencil Measuring cup

Investigation #9: Oil and Water Don’t Mix Gather These Things: ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏

Vegetable oil Liquid soap Clear cup (#1) Water Stirring stick Sealed container (#2) Paper towels

Investigation #10: Acids and Bases Gather These Things: ❏❏ Small pieces of grapefruit, lemons, oranges, or other citrus fruit ❏❏ Soaps ❏❏ Mild cleaners containing ammonium hydroxide ❏❏ Red and blue strips of litmus paper ❏❏ Detergents ❏❏ Water to drink Investigation #11: Basically — Is It Acid or Base? Gather These Things: ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏

Pen or pencil Safety glasses Labels Ten straws 20 clear plastic cups (small) Red cabbage juice (purple cabbage) Chemicals listed on data table

Investigation #12: Salt — An Ordinary Substance with Extraordinary Powers Gather These Things: ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏

Periodic Table of the Elements (see Appendix) Metal spoon Clear plastic cup Water Salt Clear glass or plastic plate Magnifying lens

Investigation #13: More about the Amazing Periodic Table Gather These Things: ❏❏ Copy of the Periodic Table of the Elements (see Appendix) Investigation #14: Electricity and Salt Water Gather These Things: ❏❏ Distilled water ❏❏ Two test tubes ❏❏ Two insulated solid core wires with alligator clips on the ends ❏❏ Epsom salt ❏❏ Six-volt battery ❏❏ 600 mL glass beaker (or other wide-mouthed glass or plastic container) Investigation #15: Changes — Are They Chemical or Physical? Gather These Things: ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏

Heating plate or other source of heat Sugar Tongs Magnifying lens Cup Six-volt battery Metal spoon Metal pans Heavy-duty aluminum foil Safety glasses

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Investigation #16: Clues of a Chemical Reaction Gather These Things:

Investigation #19: Understanding Phase Changes Gather These Things:

❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏

❏❏ D _ iagram of phases of water (see below and Student Journal page S40) ❏❏ Patterns of water molecules (see back of Student Journal) ❏❏ Scissors ❏❏ Pencil

Effervescent tablet Clear plastic cup Tape Flexible straws Vinegar Phenol red Three tea bags Steel wool pad Epsom salts (plain without soap) Water, room temperature Water, hot Putty or clay Two transparent plastic cups with lids Dishwasher liquid

Investigation #17: A Heavy Gas Gather These Things: ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏

Balloon (6–9 inch round) Small candle in a heavy container Average to tall drinking glass Lighter or matches (an adult will need to use these) Empty two-liter plastic bottle Timer or watch with second hand String (about 0.5 meter) A deep bowl Plastic funnel Vinegar Baking soda Safety glasses Metric ruler

Investigation #20: The Race to Evaporate? Gather These Things: ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏

Glass eye dropper Rubbing alcohol Fingernail polish remover (with acetone) Piece of paper with four circles Water Small piece of ice Safety glasses Timer (or watch with second hand)

Investigation #18: Large or Small? Hot or Cold? Gather These Things: ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏

Three clear cups Three halves of effervescent tablets Water at room temperature Hot water Ice water (with ice removed) Timer (or watch with second hand)

List courtesy of: InvestigateThePossibilities.org Visit the site for more information and specialty items.

92  

Energy Semester Supply List Common Household Items ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏

Aluminum foil Balloon (2 rubber) Books Box (covered thin) Calculator with solar batteries Candle Cardboard (white, glossy, various) Clothespins or other clamps Comb (hard rubber) Compass Creative supplies (various) Drinking straw (clear) Fabrics Flashlight (strong) Food coloring Glass bottle (clear with narrow neck) Glass jar (narrow and 2 clear) Hair dryer Index card Knife switch Magnet (horseshoe, bar, strong) Magnifying glasses (2) Magnifying lens (convex lens) Marbles Markers (red, green, and blue) Matchbox (or other magnet holder) Matches Medicine dropper Metal rod Mirrors (2- small, flat) Modeling clay Money (penny, quarter) Nail (large, iron) Nylon cloth (or plastic bag) Paper (black, construction) Paper clamp Paper clip (steel) Paper towel rolls (empty) Pencil Penny Pizza boxes (2-medium) Plastic strips (2) Plastic tube with lid Plastic wrap

❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏

Prism or cut-glass object Puffed rice cereal Rubber bands (various, same length) Rubber, plastic, and glass objects Ruler Safety glasses Sandpaper Scissors Screw driver Shallow (opaque) bowl of water Steel or iron washers Steel pin String Sturdy shoe box Styrofoam cup (1-8 oz, 2-12 oz) Tablespoon (large, highly polished) Tape Thermometer (long alcohol and weather) Thread (heavy) Timer or watch with second hand Very thin screw Water Water bottle Wooden boards (various, small) Wool cloth

Additional Household Items ❏❏ 15-cm. pieces of insulated wires for circuit (5 single strand, medium gauge) ❏❏ 1.5-volt batteries with battery holders (2) ❏❏ 1.5-volt dry cell battery ❏❏ 1.5-volt lightbulb ❏❏ 6-volt battery ❏❏ A few feet of pipe foam insulation (3/4-in. to 7/8-in. inside diameter, no thicker than 3/8 in.) ❏❏ Dowel (5/16 in x 10") ❏❏ Insulated wire (long) ❏❏ Iron filings ❏❏ Red candle wax ❏❏ Red, green, and blue cellophane ❏❏ Shaker of iron filings ❏❏ Slinky (metal) ❏❏ Tuning fork (if available) ❏❏ Wire (5-inch electric, various) List courtesy of: InvestigateThePossibilities.org Visit the site for more information and specialty items. 

93

Energy Supply List by Investigation List courtesy of: InvestigateThePossibilities.org Visit the site for more information and specialty items. Investigation #1: Where Exactly Does Energy Go? Gather These Things: ❏❏ 1.5-volt dry cell ❏❏ 5-inch piece of electric wire ❏❏ Small wooden boards ❏❏ Assorted rubber bands (different thicknesses but same length) ❏❏ 1.5-volt lightbulb ❏❏ Sandpaper ❏❏ Sturdy shoe box Investigation #2: Stored or Active? Gather These Things: ❏❏ A few feet of pipe foam insulation (3/4-in. to 7/8-in. inside diameter, no thicker than 3/8 in.) ❏❏ Various sizes of objects to make hills (such as cans) ❏❏ Empty paper towel rolls ❏❏ Tape ❏❏ Marbles ❏❏ Meter stick or measuring tape ❏❏ Scissors to cut insulation ❏❏ Other creative supplies Investigation #3: Light: Reflected and Absorbed Gather These Things: ❏❏ Two small, flat mirrors ❏❏ One large, highly polished tablespoon ❏❏ Clothespins or other clamps ❏❏ Magnifying lens (convex lens) Investigation #4: Light and Lenses Gather These Things: ❏❏ Two convex lenses (magnifying glasses) ❏❏ Shallow (opaque) bowl of water ❏❏ Matches ❏❏ Candle ❏❏ Penny ❏❏ Pencil ❏❏ Glass of water

94  

Investigation #5: Waving the Red, Green, and Blue Gather These Things: ❏❏ Projector or strong flashlight ❏❏ Metal slinky ❏❏ Red, green, and blue cellophane ❏❏ 30 to 40 cm. of string ❏❏ White poster or cardboard ❏❏ Red, green, and blue markers ❏❏ Clear tape ❏❏ Scissors ❏❏ Prism or cut-glass object Investigation #6: Did You Hear That? Gather These Things: ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏

Rubber band Tuning fork (if available) Box with rubber bands (from lesson #1) Metal slinky

Investigation #7: When Things Get Hot Gather These Things: ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏

_Oven mitt Clear drinking straw Two clear glasses Pen or pencil Metal rod Medicine dropper Timer or watch with second hand Red candle wax Modeling clay Weather thermometer (Celsius) Hot and cold water Matches Safety glasses Food coloring Clear glass flask (or bottle with narrow neck) Index card Tape

Investigation #8: Feeling the Heat Gather These Things: ❏❏ Two 12-oz. Styrofoam cups ❏❏ Hottest tap water ❏❏ Long alcohol thermometer (not attached to backing) ❏❏ One 8-oz. Styrofoam cup ❏❏ Cold water (refrigerated or iced)

Investigation #9: Magnets Are Very Attractive Gather These Things: ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏

A horseshoe magnet or a bar magnet Stack of books Tape 6-volt battery Ruler Large iron nail String Steel or iron washers Insulated wire A tray filled with the following or similar items: a quarter; a penny; a steel washer; a brass bar; a feather; a plastic strip; a piece of aluminum foil; a strip of paper; a strip of wood; small, flat glass mirror; and other items

Investigation #10: Magnetism Is Pretty Special Gather These Things: ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏

Two bar magnets Ruler Compass Steel pin Thread Matchbox (or other magnet holder) Tape Speaker magnet or other strong magnet

Investigation #11: How Do Magnets Become Magnets? Gather These Things: ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏

Iron filings Magnet Compass Small pieces of aluminum foil Plastic tube with lid Large steel paper clip Small steel paper clips

Investigation #12: If It’s Invisible, How Can You See It? Gather These Things: ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏

Two bar magnets Compass Large piece of paper or cardboard Shaker of iron filings Two thin pieces of wood about the thickness of

❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏

the magnets Long piece of insulated wire Large iron nail Battery Covered thin box

Investigation #13: Static Electricity Gather These Things: ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏

Two plastic strips Paper Hard rubber comb String Two balloons Wool cloth Puffed rice cereal Narrow glass jar Nylon cloth (or plastic bag)

Investigation #14: A Place Where Electrons Get Pushed Around Gather These Things: ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏

Rubber balloon Scissors Wool cloth Tape Silk cloth or other fabrics Clear glass container Lightweight aluminum foil Assortment of rubber, plastic, and glass objects Cardboard square (10 cm. x 10 cm.) Medium-size paper clip

Investigation #15: Switching On a Series Circuit Gather These Things: ❏❏ (5) 15-cm. pieces of insulated wires for circuit (single strand, medium gauge) ❏❏ (2) 1.5-volt light bulbs with holders ❏❏ (2) 1.5-volt batteries with battery holders ❏❏ Knife switch Investigation #16: Is a Parallel Circuit Better Than a Series Circuit? Gather These Things: ❏❏ Series circuit from Activity #15 ❏❏ More pieces of wire



95

Investigation #17: The Dishwashing Liquid and Electric Current Gather These Things: ❏❏ Water bottle (dishwashing bottle with nozzle will work) ❏❏ Water Investigation #18: Solar Energy Makes a Change Gather These Things: ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏ ❏❏

Calculator with solar batteries Two medium-size pizza boxes Aluminum foil Tape Thermometer Scissors Plastic wrap Metric ruler Black construction paper

Investigation #19: Wind or Water Energy Gather These Things: ❏❏ 10-in. dowel — 5/16 in. ❏❏ Pinwheel pattern (see Appendix in Student Journal) ❏❏ Very thin screw ❏❏ Tape ❏❏ Hair dryer ❏❏ Nail ❏❏ Screwdriver ❏❏ Heavy thread ❏❏ Small paperclip ❏❏ Items to pick up ❏❏ Large paper clamp ❏❏ Glossy, lightweight cardboard or poster board

List courtesy of: InvestigateThePossibilities.org Visit the site for more information and specialty items.

96  

Parent Lesson Plan — Promotion INTRO TO SPELEOLOGY & PALEONTOLOGY

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