Chichewa 4. Buku la mphunzitsi la Sitandade 9789996044137

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Adakonza ndi kusindikiza ndi a Malawi Institute of Education PO Box 50 Domasi Zomba Malawi Email: [email protected] Website: www.mie.edu.mw © Malawi Institute of Education, 2017 Zonse za m’bukumu n’zosati munthu akopere munjira ina iliyonse popanda chilolezo. N’zosatinso munthu achitire malonda m’pang’ono pomwe. Komabe ngati munthu akufuna kugwira ntchito ya za maphunziro ndi bukuli, ayambe wapempha ndi kulandira chilolezo kuchokera kwa eni ake omwe adalisindikiza. Kusindikiza koyamba 2017 ISBN 978-99960-44-13-7

Olemba

Foster NJ Gama

Malawi Institute of Education

Frackson Manyamba

Malawi Institute of Education

Jeremiah Kamkuza

Department of Inspectorate and Advisory Services

Lizinet Daka

Department of Basic Education

Jane Somanje-Phiri

DIAS-Northern Education Division

Benjamin David

Blantyre Teachers College

Adriana Mpeketula- Mafunga

Phalombe Teachers College

Ismael Zabuloni

RTI- Mzimba South DEM’s Office

Ivy Nthara

Domasi College of Education

John AB Thom

Domasi College of Education

Mike K Rambiki

Lilongwe Teachers College

Alice Juba Tembo

St. Joseph’s Teachers College

Judith Ngalawesa-Anusa

Blantyre Teachers College

Ruth Sambaleni-Nambuzi

Kasungu Teachers College

John JB Ghocho

St. Monica Girls’ Secondary School

Febby Phiri

Khola Primary School

Mirriam Kampeni

St. Michaels Primary School

Ethel T Lozani

Mbandanga Primary School

Misheck Saizi

Mngwangwa Primary School

Ruth Kantuwanje

Kapeni Demonstration Primary School

Andrew J Mchisa

Matindi Primary School

Maxwell Gama Ronald

Mpira Primary School

Sinfoliano RK Phiri

Kasambaadzukulu Primary School

Magret Kamunthu

Mlodza Primary School

Nathanie WE Gullaya

Thima LEA School

Rhodia Kabambe

Mankhamba Primary School

Zione S Banda

Mchedwa Primary School

Luckwell Ngongonda

Kapira Primary School

Justice D Tikiwa

Chilamba Primary School

Isaac J Katanga

Chinguluwe Primary School

Martha Banda

Chankhomi Primary School

Kuthokoza A Unduna wa za Maphunziro, Sayansi ndi Umitsiri pamodzi ndi a Malawi Institute of Education akuthokoza onse omwe adatengapo gawo m’njira zosiyanasiyana kuyambira polemba bukuli kufika polisindikiza. Iwowa akuthokozanso kwakukulu bungwe la United States Agency for International Development (USAID) ndi Department for International Development (DFID) pothandiza ndi ndalama komanso upangiri kuti buku la mphunzitsili lilembedwe, liunikidwe ndi kusindikizidwa mogwirizana ndi mulingo wa boma wounikira maphunziro m’sukulu (National Education Standards) komanso ndondomeko ya boma yokhudza kuwerenga m’sukulu (National Reading Strategy). Iwo akuthokozanso anthu onse omwe adaunikanso bukuli ndi kupereka upangiri osiyanasiyana.

Okonza

Akonzi

: Peter Ngunga, Max J Iphani ndi Sylvester Ngoma

Ojambula zithunzi

: Richard Mwale

Wotayipa

: Alea Kamulaga ndi Faith Undi-Kadammanja

Woyala mawu ndi zithunzi

: Doren Kachala-Bato ndi Mercy Makwakwa

Mkonzi wamkulu

: Max J. Iphani

Zamkatimu Kuthokoza

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

Mawu otsogolera

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

iv vii

MUTU 1

Malonje apamalonda ………………………………………………….………………………..

1

MUTU 2

Gwape ndi ana ake ………………………………………………………….……………………

9

MUTU 3

Kusamalira ziwiya ………………………………………………………………………………..

17

MUTU 4

Khumbo langa ………………………………………………………………………………………..

25

MUTU 5

Kubwereza ndi kuyesa …………………………………………………………………………..

32

MUTU 6

Khama ndi tadala apita kumudzi …………………………………………………………..

38

MUTU 7

Matenda amgonagona ……………………………………………………………………………..

47

MUTU 8

Kufunika kobzala mitengo ……………………………………………………………………..

54

MUTU 9

Dziko lachita chipalamba ……………………………………………………………………...

63

MUTU 10

Kubwereza ndi kuyesa …………………………………………………………………………...

72

MUTU 11

Kavalidwe koyenera ……………….………………………………………………………………..

79

MUTU 12

Bwana wachitsanzo …………………………………………………………………………………..

86

MUTU 13

Kusamalira zipangizo zasukulu ………………………………………………………………..

93

MUTU 14

Edzi ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…..

101

MUTU 15

Kubwereza ndi kuyesa …………….………………………………………………………………..

110

MUTU 16

Fulu agwira kalulu ……………………………….……………………………………………………..

116

MUTU 17

Kufunika kwa maphunziro ………………………………………………………………………..

123

MUTU 18

Kusunga ndalama kwamakono ……………………….………………………………………..

131

MUTU 19

Kuchulukana …………….………………………………………………………………………………….

138

MUTU 20

Kubwereza ndi kuyesa ………………………….…………………………………………………..

147

MUTU 21

Ulimi wamakono ……………………………………………………………….………………………..

152

MUTU 22

Zikhulupiriro zakale …………………………………………………………………………………..

159

MUTU 23

Ubwino wogulitsa mbewu ………………………………………………………………………..

166

MUTU 24

Ndingathe……………………………………………………………………………………………………...

172

MUTU 25

Kubwereza ndi kuyesa ……………………………….………………………………………..

178

MUTU 26

Kupempha koyenera …………………………………………………..………………………..

184

MUTU 27

Zakudya zakasinthasintha ……………………………………………………………………..

191

MUTU 28

Kusankha atsogoleri apasukulu ………………………….………………………………..

198

MUTU 29

Madandaulo a nkhalamba ……………………………………………………………………..

204

MUTU 30

Kubwereza ndi kuyesa …………………………….……………………………………………

212

MUTU 31

Kudzidalira pa chuma …………………………………………………………………………..

218

MUTU 32

Phindu pa ulimi waziweto …………………………………………………………………….

225

MUTU 33

Kubwereza ndi kuyesa ………………………………………………….……………………..

231

Matanthauzo a mawu a tsopano Mabuku

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237

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242

Mawu otsogolera

Mawu otsogolera a m’buku la Chichewa la Mphunzitsi la Sitandade 4, akupatsani chithunzithunzi cha ndondomeko yophunzitsira ndi kuwerenga yomwe dziko la Malawi lidakonza. Mawu otsogolerawa ali m’magawo asanu ndi awiri omwe akufotokoza mfundo zosiyanasiyana zokuthandizani kumvetsa bwino momwe mungaphunzitsire kuwerenga m’phunziro la Chichewa. • M’gawo loyamba muphunzira mfundo zikuluzikulu zokhudza ndondomeko yophunzitsira ndi kuphunzira kuwerenga m’Malawi ndi momwe ndondomekoyi ingalimbikitsire maphunziro m’dziko muno. • M’gawo lachiwiri muphunzira momwe masimba owerengerako akupititsira patsogolo chidwi cha makolo kuti azithandiza ophunzira kuwerenga. • M’gawo lachitatu muphunzira mfundo zisanu zomwe ndi nsanamira zothandiza kupititsa patsogolo luso lowerenga. • Gawo lachinayi likupatsani chithunzithunzi cha maphunziro a Chichewa mu Sitandade 4 komanso lifotokoza za kayalidwe ka buku la ophunzira. • Gawo lachisanu lifotokoza tsatanetsatane wophunzitsira ntchito zosiyanasiyana ndi udindo wa mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira m’phunziro lililonse. • M’gawo lachisanu n’chimodzi muphunziramo za kuyesa ophunzira m’phunziro la kuwerenga.

Gawo Loyamba: Ndondomeko ya Boma yophunzitsira Kuwerenga m’Malawi

Cholinga chachikulu cha Ndondomeko ya Boma Yophunzitsira Kuwerenga (Unduna wa za Maphunziro, Sayansi ndi Umisiri, 2014) ndi kuonetsetsa kuti mwana aliyense akamamaliza maphunziro ake a Sitandade 4 akuwerenga ndi kuvetsa zomwe akuwerengazo. Kuti izi zitheke, Ndondomeko Yowerengayi imatsatira mfundo izi: • ndondomeko yoyenera yophunzitsira kuwerenga • kuyesa ophunzira • kusula aphunzitsi • kutenga mbali kwa makolo pa maphunziro Mfundo yoyamba: Ndondomeko yoyenera kuphunzitsira kuwerenga Ndondomeko yoyenera yophunzitsira kuwerenga m’sukulu za pulayimale imatsatira nsanamira zisanu zomwe (zafotokozedwa m’gawo lachiwiri) zikaphunzitsidwa m’ndondomeko yomveka bwino. Nthawi yomwe mphunzitsi akuphunzitsa, iye amasonyeza momwe ophunzira ayenera kuchitira. Ntchito ya m’buku la mphunzitsi ndi la wophunzira ndi yogwirizana ndipo izi zimathandiza kuti nsanamira zonse ziphunzitsidwe mwadongosolo, kuyambira zosavuta ndi kumapitirira ndi zovuta. Mfundo yachiwiri: Kuyesa ophunzira Kuyesa ophunzira ndi kofunikira kwambiri mu ndondomeko yowerenga. Cholinga cha kuyesa ophunzira m’kalasi ndi kuthandiza mphunzitsi kudziwa zomwe angasinthe m’phunziro kuti akwaniritse zofuna za ophunzira onse. Mfundo yachitatu: Kusula aphunzitsi Mphunzitsi wophunzitsa kuwerenga afunika kusulidwa mokwanira pa momwe angaphunzitsire kuwerenga. Kusula aphunzitsi kwakhazikika pa nsanamira zisanu za kuwerenga, dongosolo la momwe mwana amaphunzirira kuwerenga, njira zothandizira ophunzira kuti apititse patsogolo maluso owerenga ndi njira zomwe zingabweretse mgwirizano pakati pa sukulu ndi makolo pothandizira ana awo kukhala ndi luso lowerenga. Maphunziro osula aphunzitsi adzathandizanso kuthana ndi mavuto ena alionse omwe mphunzitsi angakumane nawo pamene akuphunzitsa. Mfundo yachinayi: Kutenga mbali kwa makolo pa maphunziro a ana Pofuna kupititsa patsogolo luso lowerenga m’sukulu, makolo ndi aliyense wa m’deralo ayenera kugwira ntchito limodzi. Kuphunzitsa makolo ndi anthu a m’deralo momwe angathandizire ophunzira kuwerenga akapita kunyumba ndi chinthu chofunika kwambiri mu Ndondomeko Yowerenga. Kukhazikitsa nyumba kapena kuti tsimba lowerengerako m’madera omwe ayandikana ndi sukulu kungathandize kulimbikitsa chidwi cha ophunzira kuti aziwerenga mabuku oonjezera. Masimba owerengera ndi malo omwe ophunzira amasankha mabuku omwe afuna kuwerenga ndi cholinga chopititsa patsogolo maluso owerenga omwe aphunzira kusukulu. vii

Gawo Lachiwiri: Nsanamira zisanu za kuwerenga Kuphunzitsa kuwerenga ndi dongosolo lomwe limatsatira ndondomeko (Fountas & Pinell, 2006). Atsikana ndi anyamata ayenera kuphunzira mgwirizano womwe ulipo pakati pa maliwu osiyanasiyana omwe amamva kapena kutchula, ndi malembo omwe amaimira maliwuwo. Kuti izi zitheke, mphunzitsi ayenera kusonyeza maluso owerenga kuti ophunzira adziwe momwe kuwerenga kumakhalira komanso momwe zimamvekera munthu wina akamawerenga. Ndondomeko yowerenga yabwino imaperekanso mpata kuti ophunzira aphunzire maluso osiyanasiyana. Maluso akuluakulu amenewa ndi amene tikuwatchula kuti nsanamira zisanu za kuwerenga zomwe ndi kumva ndi kutchula maliwu, kuzindikira malembo ndi maliwu ake, kuwerenga molondola, mofulumira ndi mosadodoma, kudziwa mawu ndi matanthauzo ake, ndi kuvetsa nkhani (National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), 2000). Gawo lotsatirali lifotokoza mwatsatanetsatane nsanamira zisanuzi, kufunika kwake m’phunziro la kuwerenga komanso njira zomwe tingatsate kuti ophunzira akhale akatswiri pa kuwerenga. Kalasi ya Sitandade 4 imagwiritsa ntchito makamaka nsanamira zitatu zomalizazo. Nsanamira yoyamba: Kumva ndi Kutchula maliwu Kumva ndi Kutchula maliwu kutanthauza kuzindikira kuti mawu amapangidwa ndi maliwu osiyanasiyana oima paokha. Kumva ndi kutchula maliwu kumakhudzanso kuzindikira kwa maliwu mu kayalidwe ka chiyankhulo. Nsanamira imeneyi imakhudzanso kuzindikira mawu oima paokha m’ziganizo, maphatikizo, liwu loyamba ndi liwu otsatira m’mphatikizo, ndi kuzindikira liwu palokha. Ophunzira yemwe akuphunzira maliwu amatha kuzindikira maliwu osiyanasiyana a m’mawu omwe wamva. Mwachitsanzo, akamva mawu oti ‘ana’ ophunzira amamva maliwu a /a/ /n/ /a/ omwe akupanga mawu oti ‘ana’. Mukaphunzitsa ophunzira kuzindikira maliwu, muwapatsa mwayi kuti ayambe kuona mgwirizano wa maliwu m’mawu oyankhulidwa ndi malembo a maliwuwo. Kuzindikira mgwirizano umenwu ndi kofunika kwambiri chifukwa amenewa ndiye maziko a kuwerenga ndi kulemba maliwu omwe amva. Ophunzira akamayamba sukulu amakhala akudziwa kale mawu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito pa moyo wawo wa tsiku ndi tsiku pamene akucheza ndi abale awo kapena anzawo, komanso pamene akuvera nthano. M’buku lino mupeza ntchito zosiyanasiyana za maliwu zomwe zimathandiza ophunzira kuvetsetsa za mgwirizano wa mawu womwe timayankhula ndi maliwu ake. Zina mwa ntchitozi ndi kuimba nyimbo, kulakatula ndakatulo, kunena nthano, kupeza liwu loyamba m’mawu, kufananitsa mawu ndi liwu loyamba m’mawuwo, kulumikiza maliwu kupanga phatikizo, kulumikiza maphatikizo kupanga mawu, kuwerenga kuchuluka kwa maphatikizo m’mawu, ndi kulekanitsa maphatikizo m’mawu. Nsanamira yachiwiri: Kuzindikira malembo ndi maliwu ake Mfundo yaikulu pa nsanamira ino ndi yoti mawu amapangidwa ndi malembo omwe amaimira maliwu. Ophunzira akamaphunzira malembo ndi maliwu ake, amaphunzira maonekedwe a malembo, mayina a malembo ndipo mozindikira mgwirizano wa mayina a malembo ndi maliwu ake. Mwachitsanzo, ophunzira akaona chithunzi cha botolo pafupi ndi mawu oti ‘botolo’, amazindikira maonekedwe a lembo la ‘b’ ndi kulumikiza lemboli ndi liwu la /b/ ngati liwu loymba m’mawu oti botolo. Pamene ophunzira akumana ndi mawu ochuluka m’buku la ophunzira komanso mabuku oonjezera, amazindikira malembo ndi maonekedwe ake. Iwo amayamba kuvetsa kuti malembo amalumikizana kupanga mawu. Ophunzira akamayamba sukulu amakhala kale ndi chithunzithunzi cha malembo. Amaona malembo a m’mawu omwe amalembedwa pa zinthu zosiyanasiyana kunyumba komanso zomwe amaziona mu msewu akamapita kusukulu ndi malo ena. M’buku lino, mupeza ntchito zosiyanasiyana zomwe maziko ake akhala pa zomwe ophunzira akudziwa kale. Kuphunzitsa kuwerenga kugwiritsa ntchito malembo ndi maliwu ake ndi njira yomwe ikufotokoza momwe mungathandizire ophunzira kudziwa malembo osiyanasiyana a mundandanda wa malembo. Zina mwa ntchitozi ndi kuphunzitsa dzina la limbo, kalembedwe kake ndi liwu lake, kuona zinthunzi zomwe mayina ake akuyamba ndi liwu lomwe aphunzira, komanso kutchula lembo lalikulu ndi laling’ono zomwe zili m’buku lawo. Nsanamira yachitatu: Kuwerenga molondola, mofulumira ndi mosadodoma Ophunzira omwe ali ndi luso ili amawerenga mawu ndi ziganizo pa liwiro loyenera, mosathamanga viii

komanso mosachedwa kwambiri kuti amvetsetse zomwe akuwerengazo (Moore & Lyon, 2005). Ophunzira ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito maliwu, malembo a mundandanda wa malembo ndi maliwu ake komanso momwe angadziwire kuwerenga mawu achilendo. Mawu monga ‘ana’, ‘ndi’ ndi ‘za’ amapezeka kwambiri m’buku la ophunzira ndi mabuku oonjezera. Ngati ophunzira apatsidwa mwayi wowerenga kawirikawiri amazolowera kuwerenga mawuwa ndipo amawawerenga mofulumira ndi mosadodoma. Kuwerenga mofulumira ndi mosadodoma kumathandiza ophunzira kumva zomwe akuwerenga m’malo motaya nthawi ndi kuvutika akafuna kudziwa malembo ndi maliwu. Kuchokera m’kuyankhula ndi anthu kusukulu, kunyumba ndi kumudzi, ophunzira amabwera ku sukulu akudziwako momwe kuyankhula kumamvekera ndi momwe mawu amaperekera tanthauzo. Ku sukulu, ophunzira amagwiritsa ntchito maluso a kumva ndi kuyankhula ngati makwerero owathandiza kuwerenga mofulumira, mosadodoma ndi momvetsa nkhani. M’buku lino, mupezamo ntchito zomwe zikugwiritsa ntchito maluso a kumva ndi kuyankhula zomwe zimathandiza ophunzira kupititsa patsogolo luso lowerenga mofulumira ndi mosadodoma. Zina mwa ntchitozi ndi kusonyeza ophunzira kuwerenga mwanthetemya pa liwiro loyenera, kuwerenga nkhani mokweza kuchokera m’buku la ophunzira kapena mabuku ena, kupatsa mwayi ophunzira kuti awerenge mawu, ziganizo ndi ndime mobwerezabwereza, ndi kuwerenga mmodzimmodzi/awiriawiri/m’magulu.

Nsanamira yachinayi: Matanthauzo a mawu Ana akadziwa matanthauzo a mawu ambiri amatha kulumikizana ndi anthu ena pomvetsera. Amathandizanso kuyankhula, kuwerenga ndi kulemba mosavuta. Ana akamaphunzira kuwerenga, amagwiritsa ntchito mawu omwe amaphunzira kudzera mu zomwe amamva ndi kuyankhula kunyumba, ku sukulu ndi m’madera momwe amakhala. Ngakhale m’kalasi, kuphunzitsa matanthauzo a mawu kumakhala chiyambi chothandiza ophunzirawo kupeza matanthauzo a mawu achilendo omwe angakumane nawo pamene akuwerenga (Moore & Lyon, 2005). Kuphunzitsa matanthauzo a mawu ndi kofunika kwambiri chifukwa kumathandiza ophunzira kuwerenga ndi kuvetsa zomwe awerenga. M’buku lino mupezamo ntchito zomwe zikuthandizeni kuphunzitsa mawu achilendo m’njira zosiyanasiyana. Njirazi ndi monga kupereka tanthauzo la mawu achilendo ndi kusonyeza tanthauzo, kuonetsa zithunzi za zinthu kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mawu achilendowa m’ziganizo ndi kukambirana ndi ophunzira tanthauzo la mawuwo. Muthanso kuphunzitsa mawu achilendo kudzera mu nkhani zopezeka m’buku la ophunzira ndi m’mabuku oonjezera. Pamene mukuphunzitsa mawu a m’mabuku amenewa, mukhoza kukambirana matanthauzo a mawu ndi kalasi lonse, kufunsa mafunso, kugwiritsa ntchito zomwe ophunzira akudziwa kale ndi kuthandiza ophunzira kugwiritsa ntchito zithunzi ndi mawu ena opezeka m’nkhani kuti apeze tanthauzo la mawuwo. Nsanamira yachisanu: Kuvetsa nkhani Cholinga chophunzitsa ophunzira kuwerenga ndi kuvetsa zomwe akuwerenga (Fountas & Pinnell, 2006). Ophunzira akamvetsa nkhani yomwe akuwerenga, amazindikira matanthauzo a mawu komanso ziganizo zomwe angakumane nazo m’buku la ophunzira ndi m’mabuku oonjezera. Ngakhale nthawi yomwe ophunzira akuphunzira kumene kuwerenga mofulumira ndi mosadodoma, iwo akhoza kuphunzira kuvetsa nkhani pomvetsera aphunzitsi akuwerenga nkhani ndi nthano mokweza. Pa nthawi yomwe ophunzira amayamba sukulu, amakhala akudziwa zambiri zokhudza nkhani zomwe amamva kapena kufotokoza zinthu zomwe zidawachitikira kapenanso zomwe zidachitikira anthu ena omwe amawadziwa a m’dera lawo. Amadziwanso zinthu zosiyansiyana zochitika pa moyo wa munthu monga kuthandiza kugwira ntchito zapakhomo, ntchito zosiyansiyana zomwe akuluakulu m’deralo amagwira kuti apeze ndalama, ndi mitundu ya nyama ndi zomera zomwe zimapezeka m’dera lawo. Choncho, ndi kofunika ix

kugwiritsa ntchito zosiyanasiyana zomwe ophunzira amadziwa zokhudzana ndi moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku pophunzitsa kuwerenga. Ophunzira akamawerenga zokhudza zinthu zomwe zimachitika m’moyo wawo zimathandiza kuti azimvetsa zomwe akuwerenga. M’buku la mphunzitsili, mupezamo zomwe zikuthandizeni kugwiritsa ntchito buku la ophunzira ndi kupititsa patsogolo luso lawo lomvetsa nkhani yomwe wina akuwerenga komanso nkhani yomwe akuwerenga okha. Ntchitozi ndi monga kufunsa mafunso othandiza ophunzira kufotokoza mwachidule nkhani yomwe awerenga kapena kumva; kukumbukira zinthu zomwe awerenga poyankha mafunso monga awa: ndani, chiyani, kuti (malo ati), liti ndi chifukwa chiyani. Mafunso ena amachititsa ophunzira kuganizira mozama pa zomwe awerenga kuti amvetse za atengambali ndi kupeza mutu kapena uthenga wa mu nkhani yomwe awerenga. Gawo Lachitatu: Phunziro la Chichewa Bokosi lili m’munsili likuonetsani tsatanetsatane wa maphunziro a Chichewa pa sabata lililonse. M’phunziro lililonse, muzigwiritsa ntchito njira zoyenera zimene zikupezeka m’ndondomeko ya phunzirolo.Tsiku lililonse muziphunzitsa maphunziro awiri a mphindi makumi atatu ndi mphambu zisanu (35). Tsiku Lachinayi, lidayikidwa kuti ophunzira aziwerenga mabuku oonjezera komanso kuwayesa pa zomwe aphunzira m’sabatayo. Tsiku Lachisanu, lidaikidwa kuti muzibwereza ntchito iliyonse yomwe ophunzira sadachite bwino. Tsatanetsatane wa maphunziro a Chichewa pa sabata lililonse Phunziro 1  Kumvetsera nkhani Phunziro 2  Kuwerenga nkhani

Phunziro 3

Phunziro 5

Phunziro 7

 Kuwerenga nkhani komanso kulemba

 Kuwerenga nkhani ndi kuyankha mafunso

 Kuwerenga mabuku oonjezera  Kuyesa ophunzira

Phunziro 4

Phunziro 6

Phunziro 8

 Kupereka matanthauzo a mawu  Kuchita ntchito A

 Kuwerenga nkhani molondola ndi mofulumira  Malamulo a chiyankhulo (Ntchito B)

 Kubwereza ntchito ya m’sabatayi

Gawo Lachinayi: Kuyesa ophunzira nthawi iliyonse Kuunika ntchito ya tsiku ndi tsiku sikufunikira kulembetsa kapena kupereka mayeso ayi. Muyerera kumaona momwe ophunzira akuchitira ndi kufunsa mafunso apo ndi apo. Yang’anani ndi kumvetsera. Mvetserani ndi kuona momwe ophunzira akuchitira, m’magawo onse a Mphunzitsi; Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira; ndi Ophunzira. M’gawo la Mphunzitsi muziyang’ana ophunzira ndi kudzifunsa: Kodi ophunzira akutsatira ndi kuyang’ana zomwe ndikuchita kapena ayi, kodi ali ndi chidwi pa zomwe ndikuchita? (Ngati yankho lanu ndi ayi) Kodi ndingachite chiyani kuti akhale ndi chidwi pa zomwe ndikuchita? Kodi akusonyeza kuti akumva zomwe ndikuchitazo, pochita zina mwa izi: kugwedeza mutu, kumwetulira ndi zina. (Ngati sizili choncho, muyenera kufotokozanso ntchitoyo koma mu njira ina. Muyang’ane m’mbuyo ndi kuona pomwe payambira vutoli.)

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Pa gawo la Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira, yang’anani ndi kumvetsera zomwe ophunzira akuchita ndi kudzifunsa nokha kuti: Kodi ophunzira onse akutenga mbali kapena ena angokhala? Kodi akuyankha mwamphamvu, kapena akuyankha mokayika, kudikira kuti amvere mayankho kwa anzawo? Akuyankha molondola? (ngati sizili choncho, athandizeni). Ngati mwaona kuti ophunzira sakuchita bwino, mukhoza kuonjezera nthawi mpaka ophunzira atadziwa zoyenera kuchita. Pa gawo la Ophunzira, yang’anani ndi kumvetsera mwatcheru zomwe ophunzira akuchita. Onani ophunzira omwe akutsatira malangizo ndi omwe sakutsatira. Muonetsetse kuti ophunzira aliyense akutenga mbali pa ntchitoyo. Ngati akuchita ntchito ya m’magulu kapena awiriawiri, yenderani ndi kumvetsera zomwe akuchita. Yamikirani pamene akuchita bwino, konzani zomwe sakuchita bwino ndi kuyankha mafunso omwe angakhale nawo. Yang’anani zomwe akulephera Aphunzitsi, chidwi chanu chikhale pa zomwe ophunzira akulephera. Kuzindikira zomwe ophunzira akulephera kumakuthandizani kudziwa momwe mungawathandizire. Nthawi zonse pamene mukuphunzitsa muyenera kukumbukira mfundo zikuluzikulu zofotokoza momwe phunziro likuyendera. Ngati muli ndi nthawi lembani mfundozi pa pepala. Ntchito yomwe ophunzira anachita bwino ndi yomwe inawavuta. Tsiku lililonse mukamaliza kuphunzitsa lembani momwe maphunziro ayendera motsatira ndondomeko ya kuunika phunziro. Tsiku lililonse, muzilemba ndamanga ya phunziro m’kope lanu. Ndamanga ya tsiku ndi tsiku ndi yofunikira kwambiri chifukwa imakuthandizani m’maphunziro otsatira komanso momwe mungasankhire ntchito yofunika kubwereza pa mapeto a sabata. Mudzapanga chiganizo cha zoyenera kubwereza pa Phunziro 7 (pamene tikuyesa ophunzira) pogwiritsa ntchito mfundo zomwe munalemba pa sabata yonse. Mu Phunziro 8, chiganizo chounikira phunziro chili motere: Gawo Lachisanu: Kuthandiza ophunzira aulumali osiyanasiyana M’dziko la Malawi, maphunziro a anthu aulumali kapena omwe ali ndi mavuto ena pa maphunziro akupita patsogolo. Padakali pano Unduna wa Maphunziro ukulimbikitsa maphunziro a anthu aulumaliwa kudzera m’njira ija ya maphunziro akasakaniza. M’njira imeneyi, ophunzira omwe ndi aulumali wocheperapo amaphunzira limodzi ndi anzawo m’sukulu za m’dera lawo. Udindo wanu inu ngati mphunzitsi ndi kuthandiza wophunzira aliyense mogwirizana ndi zosowa kapena zofuna zake. Njira zophunzitsira ophunzira aulumali osiyanasiyana. M’munsimu muli njira zophunzitsira ophunzira a muulumali osiyanasiyana. Ngakhale njira zili zophunzitsira ophunzira aulumali zingathenso kuthandiza ophunzira alungalunga.  

Ophunzira aulumali atenge mbali pa zochitika zonse zam’kalasi. Gwiritsani ntchito njira zophunzitsira zogwiritsa ntchito ziwalo/zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Njira imeneyi imagwiritsa ntchito ziwalo/zinthu ziwiri kapena kupitirirapo kuti ophunzira aphunzire ntchito yatsopano monga kuona, kumva, kuyankhula ndi zinthu zoyenda. Njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito m’maphunziro onse. Njirayi imalola ophunzira kugwiritsa ntchito maso, makutu, zinthu zoyenda ndi (kugwira yagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pokaphunzitsa ophunzira omwe amaphunzira movutika). Panopa njirayi yadziwika kuti ndi njira yomwe imathandiza wina aliyense. xi

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Gwiritsani ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana pamene mukusonyeza kapena kufotokoza zinthu. M’kalasi lanu mukhoza kukhala ophunzira aulumali osiyanasiyana omwe angaphunzire kudzera m’njira zosiyanasiyananso. Mwachitsanzo: wophunzira yemwe ndi wosaona afunika malembo otukuza (Braille) kapena zinthu zogwirika kuti aphunzire kuwerenga pamene yemwe amaona movutika afunika mkulitsa malembo kuti awerenge. Ophunzira aulumali amaphunzira ndi kusonyeza zinthu zomwe aphunzira mosiyanasiyana. Apatseni mwayi wofufuza ndi kusonyeza zokonda zawo. Mwachitsanzo: wophunzira wosaona, angakonde kugwira zinthu poyerekeza ndi ophunzira omwe amaona. Ophunzira ovutika kuyankhula akhoza kusonyeza kapena kufotokoza za kumtima kwawo pojambula kapena polemba osati poyankhula. Gwiritsani ntchito zizindikiro zolumikizirana poyankhula ndi njira yakasonyeza pamene mukuphunzitsa. Mwachitsanzo, atsikana ndi anyamata omwe ndi ovutika kumva amafunika njira zina zowathandizira monga kugwiritsa ntchito zithunzi, makadi, ndi kusonyeza zizindikiro zina kuti amvetse ndi kutenga mbali m’phunziro. Gwiritsani ntchito zinthu zogwirika monga zitsekerero zamabotolo, timitengo, miyala, malembo osema ndi zina zambiri. Apatseni mpata ophunzira kuti agwire zipangizozi. Onetsetsani kuti m’kalasi ndi mowala kuti ophunzira aziona bwino. Ophunzira omwe ali ndi vuto loona apatsidwe mwayi wosankha kukhala malo omwe angaone bwino kaya ndi kutsogolo kapena kumbuyo. Ophunzira omwe amaona pang’ono ayenera kuwapatsa zinthu zowathandizira kuti aziona bwino pamene akuwerenga. Mwa chitsanzo, choimikapo buku, mkulitsa malembo ndi magalasi owerengera ndi zina mwa zinthu zomwe zingawathandize ophunzira oterewa. Ophunzira ovutika kumva apatsidwe mwayi wosankha malo okhala m’kalasi kuti athe kugwiritsa ntchito khutu lomwe ndi labwinoko. Musayembekezere ophunzira onse kumaliza ntchito pa nthawi imodzi kapenanso mofanana. Ophunzira ena amachita zinthu mochedwa ndipo amafunika chithandizo chapadera ndi nthawi yambiri kuti amalize ntchito yomwe apatsidwa. Nthawi zina mutha kuuza anzake kuti aziwerenga naye (waulumali) Dziwani dzina la wophunzira aliyense ndi kumayankhula naye pafupipafupi pogwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro zolumikizirana poyankhula ndi zinthu zina kuti adziwe zambiri za zomwe akuphunzira. Onetsetsani chithandizo chomwe mudzapereke kwa ophunzira aulumali mu ndondomeko ya phunziro ndi chogawiratu cha ntchito. Amvetsereni ophunzira anu. Iwo akuuzani zomwe zikuwavuta.

Gawo Lachisanu n’chimodzi: Njira zothandiza kupititsa patsogolo maluso owerenga/kulemba. Ophunzira amaphunzira mosiyanasiyana komanso pa liwiro losiyana. Pamene mukutsatira dongosolo la maphunziro m’buku la mphunzitsi muyenera kuona ngati ophunzira akumva zomwe mukuphunzitsazo. Ngati akuoneka kuti sakumva, mukhoza kusintha pang’ono ndi kukonza ntchito yogwirizana ndi nzeru za ophunzira. Zina mwa njira zoonjezerazi zalembedwa m’musimu. Njira zimenezi zidzakuthandizani pa maphunziro a tsiku lililonse ndi obwereza pomwe mudzasankhe maluso omwe mukufuna kuti ophunzira agwiritse ntchito. Njira iliyonse imagwiritsidwa ntchito m’mitu iwiri kapena kuposera. xii

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Njira younika matanthauzo a mawu poona momwe agwirira ntchito. Mphunzitsi amagwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana kuti athandize ophunzira kupeza matanthauzo a mawu. Mwachitsanzo, iye akhoza kuwerenga chiganizo kapena ndime. Akapeza mawu achilendo/atsopano, amafunsa ophunzira kuti apereke tanthauzo la mawu monga momwe agwirira ntchito m’chiganizo kapena m’ndimeyo. Mphunzitsi akhoza kubweretsa zinthu zenizeni zooneka kuti ophunzira adziwe tanthauzo la mawuwo. Njira yolumikiza zomwe akudziwa kale ndi zimene aphunzire. M’njirayi timagwiritsa ntchito zomwe tikudziwa kale kuti timvetse zimene tiphunzire. Mwachitsanzo, mphunzitsi atchule mutu wa nkhani yomwe wasankha/ayenera kuti aphunzitse. Afunse ophunzira zimene akuzidziwa kale pa mutuwu. Kenaka, ophunzira awerenge nkhaniyo. Pamene akuwerenga, mphunzitsi athandize ophunzira kulumikiza zomwe akuzidziwa kale ndi zimene akumvetsera/kuwerenga m’nkhani. Njira yodzifunsa mafunso pamene ophunzira akuwerenga. M’njirayi, ophunzira akamawerenga nkhani/macheza/ndakatulo, amaima pan’gono ndi kudzifunsa mafunso pa zomwe akuwerenga ndi kumayang’ana mayankho ake mwachinunu. Njirayi imatithandiza kuti timvetse zomwe tikuwerenga pamene tikuganizira ndi kufufuza mayankho a mafunsowo. Njira younika ampangankhani, atengambali, oyankhula, nthawi ndi malo ochitikira nkhani ndi phunziro. Imeneyi ndi njira yomwe mphunzitsi amafunsa ophunzira kuti apeze anthu/nyama/zinthu (ampangankhani/ atengambali ndi oyankhula), amene atenga gawo lalikulu m’nkhani. Ophunzira amaunikanso malo ochitikira nkhani, nthawi ndi phunziro lopezeka m’nkhani. Njirayi imathandiza kuvetsa nkhani kudzera m’makhalidwe ndi zochita za amene atchulidwa m’nkhaniyo. Njira yogwiritsa ntchito kalozera wa mfundo zikuluzikulu. M’njirayi, mphunzitsi amafunsa ophunzira kuti apeze mfundo zikuluzikulu zomwe zikupezeka m’nkhani potsatira ndime iliyonse ndi kuzitambasula; Mwachitsanzo, mphunzitsi amalemba mfundo yaikulu kuchokera m’ndime pa bolodi ndipo amaizunguliza mfundoyo. Kenaka, ophunzira amawerenga ndime zina zotsatira za nkhaniyo. Pamene akuwerenga, ophunzira amapeza mfundo zikuluzikulu mothandizidwa ndi mphunzitsi. Njirayi imatithandiza kupeza mfundo zikuluzikulu zomwe zikutambasula mutu wa nkhani kuti tithe kudziwa kufunika kwa mfundozo. Njira yolosera kudzera m’chithunzi/mutu/m’ndime/ mathero/ pa nkhani/macheza/ndakatulo yomwe ophunzira awerenge. M’njirayi timaona chithunzi/ mutu ndi zochitika m’ndime ndi kuganizira zomwe zikuchitika m’nkhaniyo kapena momwe nkhaniyi ithere. Njirayi imathandiza kuti tikhale ndi chithunzithunzi cha zomwe tiwerenge. Tikawerenga nkhaniyo timatsimikiza ngati zolosera zija zinali zokhoza kapena ayi. Njira yofotokoza nkhani mwachidule. Mphunzitsi amauza ophunzira kuti apeze mfundo zikuluzikulu m’ndime za nkhani yomwe amvetsera kapena awerenga. Kenaka amalumikiza mfundozi m’mawu awoawo kuti athe kufotokoza nkhaniyo mwachidule. Njira yowerenga mofulumira, mosadodoma ndi momveka bwino. M’njirayi, timawerenga mofulumira, mosadodoma komanso momveka bwino. Njirayi imatithandiza kuti timvetsetse bwino tanthauzo la nkhani yomwe tikuwerenga. Dziwani kuti kuwerenga moduladula mawu kapena ziganizo mosayenera kumasokoneza kuvetsetsa zomwe nkhani ikufotokoza. Kupanga ganizo potsatira umboni womwe uli m’nkhani ndi zomwe akudziwa kale. M’njirayi timapereka maganizo athu polumikiza ndi zomwe zikuchitika m’mnkhani. Njirayi imatithandiza kuvetsa zomwe sanazifotokoze mwachindunji m’nkhani yomwe tikuwerenga. xiii

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Kufotokoza nkhani/macheza/ndakatulo yomwe ophunzira amvetsera kapena kuwerenga. Njirayi imatithandiza kuti yemwe wamvetsera nkhaniyi aifotokozenso m’mawu ake.

Kuvetsa nkhani: Kuwerenga ndi kumvetsera Kuwerenga ndi kuvetsa nkhani  Kubwereza kuwerenga momvetsa nkhani.  Onani chithunzi kuti mulosere zomwe nkhani ikunena.  Pezani mawu omwe mukuwadziwa m’chiganizo (monga mawu opezeka kawirikawiri)  Werengani kawiri mawu kapena chiganizo kuti muone ngati tanthauzo lake ndi lomveka bwino. Kuwerenga ndi kumvetsera nkhani Chidwi chanu chikhale pa zinthu (mfundo) zopezekapezeka m’nkhani. Bwerezani kuwerenga nkhani kapena kuwerenga mokweza nkhani ya mutu wam’mbuyo. Funsani ophunzira kuti apeze ampangankhani, atengambali, oyankhula, malo ndi nthawi yomwe kudachitikira, kukuchitikira kapena kudzachitikira nkhani, zochitika zikuluzikulu za m’nkhani, kayalidwe ka zochitika m’nkhani (choyamba, chachiwiri, chomaliza.) kapena vuto ndi kuthetsa kwake (ngati n’koyenera). Kambiranani ndi ophunzira kapena gwiritsani ntchito kalozera wa mfundo ali m’munsiyu: Kayalidwe ka zochitika m’nkhani: Lembani kapena jambulani zomwe zidachitika koyambirira.

Lembani kapena jambulani zomwe zikuchitika pakatikati.

Lembani kapena jambulani zomwe zidzachitika pomaliza.

Muthanso kusankha kuona mfundo kapena kusiyanitsa nkhani ziwiri m’mbuyomu mokambirana kapena kapena mabokosi ngati awa:

imodzi kapena zambiri ndi kufananitsa zomwe ophunzira adawerenga mogwiritsa ntchito mawu, zithunzi

Kulemba: Mitundu yolemba mu sitandade 4 imapezeka m’magawo anayi awa: Kulemba mwaluso Ophunzira ambiri amalephera kulemba mawu, ziganizo, ndi ndime mwaluso. Pamene mukuphunzitsa kulemba, muzikumbukira kujambula mizere yoongoka pa bolodi kapena pa tchati ndi kulemba mawu, ziganizo ndi ndime zomwe mukufuna kuphunzitsa. Lemberanitu ndime m’mizereyo pa bolodi/patchati. Pophunzitsa kulemba mwaluso, mphunzitsi alembe chiganizo chimodzi chokha pabolodi ophunzira akuona. Akumbukire kulemba ziganizo/ndime m’mizere yoongoka pabolodi kapena patchati. Malembo ena azikwera m’mwamba ndipo ena azitsika m’munsimu. Chimangirizo Mphunzitsi aphunzitse tanthauzo la chimangirizo, magawo a chimangirizo ndi kupereka mpata kwa ophunzira kuti alembe zimangirizo pa mitu yosiyanasiyana. Mphunzitsi akhoza kuuza ophunzira kuti alembe chimangirizo chofotokoza chomwe chimakhudza iwo eni, banja lawo kapena mitu ina. xiv

Lembetso M’mphunziro la lembetso, mphunzitsi awerenge ndime ya lembetso koyamba ophunzira akumvetsera. Kachiwiri, auze ophunzira kuti alembe zimene akumvetserazo paokha m’makope mwawo. Potsiriza awerengenso (kachitatu) kuti ophunzira akonze zolakwika. Mphunzitsi awerenge ndimeyo m’zigawo zomveka bwino ndi kutchula zizindikiro zam’kalembedwe. Kalata Phunziro la kulemba kalata limakhudza kupereka tanthauzo la kalata ndi zifukwa zolembera kalata. Phunziroli, mphunzitsi amafotokozanso magawo a kalata ya mchezo. Kenaka mphunzitsi amapereka mpata woti ophunzira alembe kalata. Kumbukirani kugwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo cha kalata chomwe mulemberetu patchati kapena pabolodi kuti ophunzira aone kayalidwe kakalata koyenera. Gawo lachisanu n’chiwiri: Kupeza ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo   

Konzani makadi a malembo, maphatikizo ndi mawu komanso tchati, phunziro lisanayambe. Muzijambuliratu mizere pa bolodi phunziro lisanayambe. Gwiritsani ntchito atsogoleri a m’kalasi, atsikana ndi anyamata, kugawa ndi kulandira zipangizo zolembera ndi zinthu zina. Gawani zipangizo motsatira ndondomeko yoyenera kuti ophunzira onse akhale ndi mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito. Onetsetsani kuti atsogoleri akugawa zipangizo kuti wophunzira aliyense akhale ndi mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito zipangizozi.

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MUTU 1 Malonje apamalonda

Phunziro 1

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  amvetsera nkhani  ayankha mafunso molondola Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera nkhani ya Malonje apamalonda

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Pezani chiyambi chogwirizana ndi phunziroli.

Ntchito 1.1.1

Kumvetsera nkhani

(Mphindi 13)

Tsopano mumvetsera nkhani. Ndiwerenga nkhani ndipo inu mumvetsere. Pomaliza ndikufunsani kuti muyankhe mafunso. Malonje apamalonda Pa msika wa Kanthunkako padali kukayikirana pakati pa amalonda awiri, Sinsamala ndi Ticheze. Awiriwa ankagulitsa nsapato. Sinsamala ankagulitsa nsapato zolimba pamene Ticheze ankaphatikiza zolimba ndi zosalimba. Kawirikawiri anthu amakhamukira kwa Ticheze, kukagula nsapato kwa iyeyo. Nsapato za Sinsamala zimagulidwa kamodzikamodzi. Izi zimachititsa Sinsamala kunena mnzakeyo kuti amachita zamatsenga. Iye ankati matsengawo ndiwo amakopa anthu kuti azigula malonda a Ticheze. Tsiku lina Sinsamala adafunsa mnzakeyo chifukwa chomwe anthu ambiri ankakonda kugula malonda. Ticheze adaseka kwambiri asadayankhe. Kucheza kwawo kudali motere. Sinsamala

Choseketsa n’chiyani pamenepa?

Ticheze

Mnzanga ndikuuze, malonda ndi kutsatsa. Kutsatsa bwino kwa malonda ndi mmene umalandirira anthu. Wamalonda ayenera kukhala wansangala nthawi zonse.

Sinsamala

Kodi ine ndizingosekerera zilizonse?

Ticheze

Iyayi, koma anthu sangafike pa malo akowa ngati iwe uoneka wokwiya. Uyeneranso kumayankhula mwaulemu kwa makasitomala.

Sinsamala

Komatu anthu ena amandiyankhula mwamwano.

Ticheze

Izo zikhoza kukhala choncho, koma iwe usamabwezere mwanowo. Iwe ukufuna kugulitsa kuti upeze phindu. Uyeneranso kumayankhula ndi makasitomala mwachikoka. Uziwauza ubwino wa zomwe ukugulitsazo. Uziwauzanso kuti mtengo wake ndi wabwino.

Sinsamala

Chabwino ndamva. Ndiyesera kuchita zomwe wanenazo.

Ticheze

Iwe utero ndithu, ndipo uona kusintha.

Ntchito 1.1.2

Kuyankha mafunso

(Mphindi 7)

Tsopano ndikufunsani mafunso.pa nkhani yomwe1mwamvetserayi. 1 Tchulani zinthu zitatu zofunika pa malonje apamalonda. 2 Kodi inu mungatani wogulitsa malonda atakuyankhulani mwamwano? 3 N’chifukwa chiyani ogula ayenera kuyang’anitsitsa katundu asanapereke ndalama?

mtengo wake ndi wabwino. Sinsamala

Chabwino ndamva. Ndiyesera kuchita zomwe wanenazo.

Ticheze

Iwe utero ndithu, ndipo uona kusintha.

Ntchito 1.1.1 Ntchito 1.1.2

(Mphindi 13) (Mphindi 7)

Kumvetsera nkhani Kuyankha mafunso

Tsopano mumvetsera nkhani. Ndiwerenga nkhani ndipo inu mumvetsere. Pomaliza ndikufunsani kuti muyankhe mafunso. Tsopano ndikufunsani mafunso.pa nkhani yomwe mwamvetserayi. 1 Tchulani zinthu zitatu zofunika pa malonje apamalonda. 2Malonje Kodi apamalonda inu mungatani wogulitsa malonda atakuyankhulani mwamwano? Pa msika wa Kanthunkako padali kukayikirana pakati pakatundu amalonda awiri, Sinsamala ndi Ticheze. 3 N’chifukwa chiyani ogula ayenera kuyang’anitsitsa asanapereke ndalama? Awiriwa ankagulitsa nsapato. Sinsamala ankagulitsa nsapato zolimba pamene Ticheze ankaphatikiza zolimba ndi zosalimba. Kawirikawiri anthu amakhamukira kwa Ticheze, kukagula nsapato kwa iyeyo. Nsapato za Sinsamala zimagulidwa kamodzikamodzi. Izi zimachititsa Sinsamala kunena mnzakeyo kuti amachita zamatsenga. Iye ankati matsengawo ndiwo amakopa (Mphindi 5) Mathero anthu kuti azigula malonda a Ticheze. Uzani ophunzira angapo kuti afotokoze nkhani yomwe amvetsera Tsiku lina Sinsamala adafunsa mnzakeyo chifukwa chomwe anthu. ambiri ankakonda kugula malonda. Ticheze adaseka kwambiri asadayankhe. Kucheza kwawo kudali motere. Sinsamala

Choseketsa n’chiyani pamenepa?

Ticheze

Mnzanga ndikuuze, malonda ndi kutsatsa. Kutsatsa bwino

Sinsamala

kwa malonda ndi mmene umalandirira anthu. Wamalonda ayenera kukhala wansangala nthawi zonse. 2 Kodi ine ndizingosekerera zilizonse?

Ticheze

Iyayi, koma anthu sangafike pa malo akowa ngati iwe uoneka wokwiya. Uyeneranso kumayankhula mwaulemu kwa makasitomala.

Sinsamala

Komatu anthu ena amandiyankhula mwamwano.

Ticheze

Izo zikhoza kukhala choncho, koma iwe usamabwezere mwanowo. Iwe ukufuna kugulitsa kuti upeze phindu. Uyeneranso kumayankhula ndi makasitomala mwachikoka. Uziwauza ubwino wa zomwe ukugulitsazo. Uziwauzanso kuti mtengo wake ndi wabwino.

Sinsamala

Chabwino ndamva. Ndiyesera kuchita zomwe wanenazo.

Ticheze

Iwe utero ndithu, ndipo uona kusintha.

Ntchito 1.1.2

(Mphindi 7)

Kuyankha mafunso

Tsopano ndikufunsani mafunso.pa nkhani yomwe mwamvetserayi. 1 Tchulani zinthu zitatu zofunika pa malonje apamalonda. 2 Kodi inu mungatani wogulitsa malonda atakuyankhulani mwamwano? 3 N’chifukwa chiyani ogula ayenera kuyang’anitsitsa katundu asanapereke ndalama?

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira angapo kuti afotokoze nkhani yomwe amvetsera.

2

MUTU 1

Phunziro 2 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  alosera nkhani  awerenga macheza  alemba maganizo awo pa nkhani yomwe awerenga Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi a mawu okhala ndi bw tch kw ts, makadi amaphatikizo

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 3)

Uzani ophunzira kuti atole makadi a mawu okhala ndi bw tch kw tsndi kuwerenga.

Ntchito 1.2.1

Kulosera nkhani

(Mphindi 7)

Tsopano tilosera nkhani. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 1. Tiyeni tikambirane zomwe zili m’chithunzichi. Funsani mafunso othandiza ophunzira kulosera zochitika monga awa. Fotokozani zomwe zikuchitika pa chithunzichi. Kodi mutu wa nkhaniyi ndi chiyani? Nanga mukuganiza kuti m’nkhaniyi muwerenga zotani? Lembani zolosera za ophunzira pabolodi.

Ntchito 1.2.2

(Mphindi 8)

Kuwerenga macheza

Tsopano tiwerenga macheza. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 1. Mvetserani pamene tikuwerenga. Aphunzitsi itanani wophunzira mmodzi kutsogolo ndi kuwerenga naye. Tsopano tiyeni tiwerengere limodzi (gawani magulu awiri). Kenaka uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge awiriawiri. Mvetserani pamene akuwerenga. Kambiranani ndi ophunzira zomwe analosera ngati zikugwirizana ndi zimene awerenga.

Ntchito 1.2.3

Kulemba za mtengambali

(Mphindi 7)

Sankhani mtengambali mmodzi ndi kukambirana ndi ophunzira zomwe zawasangalatsa zokhudza mtengambaliyo. Uzani ophunzira kuti alembe za mtengambali yemwe wawasangalatsa.

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira kuti atole makadi amaphatikizo ndi kupanga mawu osiyanasiyana.

3

MUTU 1

Phunziro 3 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga ndime ya macheza molondola ndi mofulumira  alemba ziganizo mwaluso Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera mtengo wa mawu

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge mawu awa: malonda, chotsera, kabweremawa, tchipitsa ndi chikwama kuchokera pa mtengo wa mawu.

Ntchito 1.3.1

Kuwerenga ndime ya macheza

(Mphindi 7)

Tsopano tiwerenga ndime imodzi ya macheza molondola ndi mofulumira kuchokera pa tsamba 1. Poyamba ndiwerenga ndekha. Mvetserani. Sonyezani ophunzira kuwerenga mosadodoma, mofulumira komanso momveka bwino. Bwerezani kuti ophunzira amvetse. Tiyeni tiwerenge limodzi. Tsopano werengani nokha. Ophunzira awerenge m’magulu/awiriawiri/mmodzimmodzi. Mvetserani pamene ophunzira akuwerenga ndipo athandizeni moyenera.

Ntchito 1.3.2

Kulemba ziganizo mwaluso

(Mphindi 18)

Tsopano tilemba ziganizo mwaluso pogwiritsa ntchito njira yoonera ndi yotsanzira. Njirayi imathandiza kuti zolemba zathu zikhale zooneka bwino. Lembani ziganizo zotsatirazi pabolodi ophunzira akuona. Onani ndondomeko ya kulemba mwaluso koyambirira kwa bukuli. Tsiku lina makolo a Takondwa adaganiza zokamugulira chikwama. Iwo amafuna kuti Takondwa azinyamuliramo mabuku ake popita kusukulu. Uzani ophunzira kuti alembe m’makope mwawo mwaluso. Yenderani ndi kuthandiza ophunzira kulemba mwaluso.

Mathero

(Mphindi 5) Sankhani ntchito yomwe yalembedwa bwino. Onetsani ophunzira ntchitoyo ndipo awerenge. MUTU 1

Phunziro 4 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga macheza  apereka matanthauzo amawu  achita sewero la malonje apamalonda Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi amaphatikizo

4

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 4)

Uzani ophunzira kuti apange mawu ndi makadi amaphatikizo awa: nji, tchi, bwi, re, tse, pi, ra, bwe, tsa, cho, bwa, ka, no, wa, ma ndi kuwerenga. Mawuwa ndi monga bwanji, njira, tchipitsa, chotsera, kabweremawa, ndi bwino.

Ntchito 1.4.1

Kuphunzitsa njira yodzifunsa mafunso

(Mphindi 5)

Lero tiphunzira njira yodzifunsa mafunso pofuna kumvetsa zomwe timvetsere. M’njirayi timadzifunsa mafunso pamene tikuwerenga. Ndipo njirayi imatithandiza kuganiza mwakuya pofufuza mayankho a mafunso kuti timvetse zomwe tikuwerenga.

Ntchito 1.4.2

(Mphindi 12)

Kuwerenga macheza

Tsopano tiwerenga macheza pogwiritsa ntchito njira yodzifunsa mafunso. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 1. Poyamba ndiwerenga ndipo inu mumvetsere. Werengani ndime yoyamba ndipo imani ndi kudzifunsa mafunso monga otsatirawa: Kodi makolo a Takondwa adali yani? (Adali Mayi ndi Bambo Limbikani). N’chifukwa chiyani Takondwa amakhoza bwino m’kalasi? (Adali wolimbikira). Sankhani ophunzira angapo kuti asonyeze kwa anzawo momwe njirayi imagwirira ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito ndime yachiwiri. Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge nkhani yonse ndi kumadzifunsa mafunso ndi kupeza mayankho chamumtima. Limbikitsani ophunzira kuti awerengenso machezawo ngati sakumvetsa kapena sakupeza mayankho. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi ndime zotsatira.

Ntchito 1.4.3

Kupereka matanthauzo amawu

(Mphindi 7)

Tsopano tipereka matanthauzo amawu. Gwiritsani ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana monga, kusonyeza, kugwiritsa ntchito mawu m’chiganizo ndi zina. Mawuwa ndi tchipitsa, kweza, chotsera ndi kabweremawa.

Ntchito 1.4.4

Kuchita sewero la malonje apamalonda

(Mphindi 8)

Uzani ophunzira kuti akhale m’magulu ndi kuchita sewero la malonje apamalonda Ntchito A. Uzani gulu limodzi kuti lisonyeze ku kalasi lonse zomwe lachita.

Mathero

(Mphindi 4)

Uzani ophunzira kuti apange ziganizo ndi mawu awa: tchipitsa, kweza, chotsera ndi kabweremawa.

MUTU 1

Phunziro 5 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga macheza  ayankha mafunso molondola Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi a mawu okhala ndi bw tch kw ts 5

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 3)

Uzani ophunzira kuti afotokoze zomwe zimachitika kumsika.

Ntchito 1.5.1

(Mphindi 15)

Kuwerenga macheza

Tsopano tiwerenga macheza pogwiritsa ntchito njira yodzifunsa mafunso. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 1. Werengani machezawo. Ophunzira awerenge m’magulu kapena awiriawiri. Kenaka uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge mwachinunu. Limbikitsani ophunzira kudzifunsa mafunso ndi kupeza mayankho pamene akuwerenga. Mukhozanso kufunsa mafunso angapo pofuna kuona ngati ophunzira akugwiritsa bwino ntchito njirayi.

Ntchito 1.5.2

(Mphindi 12)

Kuyankha mafunso

Tsopano muyankha mafunso kuchokera pa macheza omwe mwawerenga. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 3. Uzani ophunzira kuti ayankhe mafunso molemba. Thandizani ophunzira kuyankha mafunso moyenera.

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Kambiranani ndi ophunzira mayankho a mafunso ndipo akonze zomwe zikuwavuta.

MUTU 1

Phunziro 6 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga macheza  afotokoza maganizo awo pa macheza omwe awerenga  apeza mayina m’ziganizo Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi a mawu ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zam’kalasi

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 3)

Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge mawu awa mofulumira kuchokera pamakadi: tchipitsa, kweza, chotsera ndi kabweremawa.

Ntchito 1.6.1

(Mphindi 8)

Kuwerenga macheza

Tsopano tiwerenga macheza molondola ndi mofulumira. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 1. Mvetserani pamene ndikuwerenga. Itanani wophunzira mmodzi kutsogolo ndi kuwerenga naye. Sonyezani kuwerenga mofulumira, mosadodoma ndi momveka bwino. Tsopano tiyeni tiwerengere limodzi (agaweni m’magulu awiri). Kenaka uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge awiriawiri. Mvetserani pamene akuwerenga.

6

Ntchito 1.6.2

(Mphindi 11)

Kupereka maganizo

Tsopano mupereka maganizo anu pa macheza omwe mwawerenga. Uzani ophunzira kuti afotokoze mfundo zitatu zokhudza kuitanira/ kutsatsa malonda mogwirizana ndi macheza omwe awerenga. Yenderani ndi kuthandiza ophunzira omwe zikuwavuta.

Ntchito 1.6.3

(Mphindi 10)

Kupeza mayina

Tsopano tiphunzira za mayina m’ziganizo. Tchulani mayina a zinthu zomwe zikupezeka m’kalasi mwanu. Lembani mayankho awo pabolodi. Kambiranani ndi ophunzira tanthauzo la dzina pogwiritsa ntchito mayankho omwe ali pabolodi. Dzina ndi mawu otchulira anthu, malo kapena zinthu. Tsopano tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 4. Kambiranani ndi ophunzira chitsanzo ndi momwe achitire Ntchito B. Uzani ophunzira kuti alembe ntchitoyi m’makope mwawo. Chongani ndi kuthandiza ophunzira omwe zikuwavuta.

(Mphindi 3)

Mathero Uzani ophunzira kuti atchule mayina ena omwe akuwadziwa.

MUTU 1

Phunziro 7 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga mabuku oonjezera  asonyeza ntchito yomwe achita m’sabatayi Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera mabuku oonjezera, chipangizo choyesera

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira kuti afotokoze nkhani zomwe adawerengapo kapena adamvapo.

Ntchito 1.7.1

Kuwerenga mabuku oonjezera

(Mphindi 25)

Tsopano muwerenga mabuku oonjezera. Aliyense asankhe buku lomwe akufuna kuwerenga. Kumbukirani kugwiritsa ntchito njira zomwe mudaphunzira kale zowerengera nkhani kuti zikuthandizeni kumvetsa bwino nkhani. Mukamaliza kuwerenga, ndikufunsani kuti mufotokoze mwachidule zomwe mwawerenga. Lolani wophunzira aliyense kuti abwereke buku lomwe akufuna kuwerenga. Apatseni nthawi yokwanira kuti awerenge. Akatha kuwerenga abweze mabuku omwe anabwereka. Kumbukirani kugwiritsa ntchito atsogoleri am’magulu pogawa ndi kutolera mabukuwo.

Ntchito 1.7.2

Kuyesa ophunzira

Pamene ophunzira akuwerenga mabuku oonjezera, sankhani ophunzira angapo ndi kuwayesa pa zina mwa zizindikiro zakakhozedwe zam’sabatayi. Gwiritsani ntchito mndandanda uwu ngati chitsanzo poyesa ophunzira. 7

Kodi wophunzira:

wakhoza bwino kwambiri

wakhoza bwino

wakhoza pang’ono

ndi wofunika chithandizo

wamvetsera nkhani? wawerenga mawu okhala ndi tch, kw, ts, bw? wapereka matanthauzo amawu? walemba ziganizo mwaluso? wawerenga macheza? wayankha mafunso? wachita sewero la pamalonda? wapeza mayina? wawerenga mabuku oonjezera? wafotokoza zomwe wawerenga m’mabuku oonjezera? wapereka maganizo ake pa nkhani yomwe wawerenga?

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira kuti afotokoze zomwe awerenga. Lolani ophunzira kubwereka mabuku kuti akawerenge kunyumba. Chitani kalembera wa mabuku onse omwe ophunzira abwereka.

MUTU 1

Phunziro 8 Chizindikiro chakakhozedwe Ophunzira abwereza ntchito yomwe sadachite bwino Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi amawu

Ntchito 1.8.1

Kubwereza ntchito yam’sabatayi

(Mphindi 35)

Sankhani ntchito yomwe ophunzira sadachite bwino m’sabatayi ndi kubwereza. Gwiritsani ntchito zipangizo ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera. 8

MUTU 2 Gwape ndi ana ake

Phunziro 1

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  amvetsera nkhani  ayankha mafunso molondola Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera nkhani ya Fisi afuna kuona tsoka

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Funsani ophunzira mafunso osiyanasiyana pa mutu wa Fisi afuna kuona tsoka.

Ntchito 2.1.1

(Mphindi 15)

Kumvetsera nkhani

Tsopano mumvetsera nkhani pogwiritsa ntchito njira yodzifunsa mafunso. Ndiwerenga nkhani ndipo inu mumvetsere. Sonyezani momwe njirayi imagwirira ntchito. Mwachitsanzo: Mutu wa nkhaniyi ndi Fisi afuna kuona tsoka. Dzifunseni mafunso pamutuwu ndi kupeza mayankho pamene ophunzira akumvetsera. Kenaka uzani ophunzira kuti adzifunse mafunso omwe angaganizire pamutuwu ndi kupeza mayankho ake. Werengani nkhaniyi. Mukawerenga ndime imodzi, muziima ndi kudzifunsa mafunso ndi kuganizira mayankho ake monga: Kodi nkhaniyi ndikuimvetsa? (Inde/ayi) Nanga mawu woti… akutanthauzanji? (Ndikuganiza kuti mawuwa akutanthauza…) Fisi afuna kuona tsoka Kalekale m’nkhalango ya Duwa mudali Kalulu ndi Fisi. Iwo adali abwenzi. Tsiku lina, Fisi adapita kunyumba kwa Kalulu kukacheza. Akucheza, Fisi adafotokozera mnzakeyo kuti adali asadaonepo tsoka ndipo ankafunitsitsa ataliona. Kalulu adafotokozera mnzakeyo kuti tsoka ndi loopsa ndipo yemwe waona tsoka sasimba. Iye adalangiza mnzakeyo kuti asadzafunsenso wina aliyense za tsokalo. Fisi sadavomere zomwe mnzakeyo adanena. Iye adaumiriza Kalulu kuti amuonetse tsoka. Kalulu adauza Fisi kuti tsiku lotsatira akakumane pabwalo la zamasewera kuti akamuonetse tsokalo. Fisi adakondwera koposa kuti tsopano aona tsoka. Fisi atachoka, Kalulu adakauza Mkango kuti wamupezera nyama. Onse adapangana kuti akapezane pabwalopo. M’mawa kutacha, Kalulu ndi Mkango adalawirira pabwalopo. Kalulu adamanga mtolo wankhuni ndipo adauza Mkangowo kuti ulowe mumtolomo. Adangosiya diso lokha likuonekera kunja kwa mtolowo. Posakhalitsa, Fisi adatulukira. Kalulu adamutsimikizira bwenzi lakeyo kuti aona tsokalo. Adamuonetsa diso la mu mtolo wa nkhuni ndipo adamuuza kuti tsoka ndi limenelo. Fisi sadamvetse ndipo adayandikira kuti aonetsetse. Kalulu adamuletsa mnzakeyo kuti asayandikire mtolowo chifukwa tsoka ndi loopsa. Fisi adapitabe pafupi ndi mtolowo. Mwadzidzidzi, Mkango udadula zingwe za mtolowo ndi kudumphira Fisiyo. Nthawi yomweyo, Fisi adagwa pansi. Apo Kalulu adakuwa kuuza mnzakeyo kuti, “Tsoka lija ndi limenelo.”

9

Ntchito 2.1.2

(Mphindi 10)

Kuyankha mafunso

Tsopano ndikufunsani mafunso pankhani yomwe mwamvetserayi. 1 Kodi Kalulu adachita bwino kumuonetsa mnzakeyo tsoka? Fotokozerani yankho lanu. 2 Fotokozani kuipa kosamvera malangizo. 3 Kodi mukuganiza kuti nkhaniyi idatha bwanji?

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira kuti afotokozenkhani yomwe amvetsera.

MUTU 2

Phunziro 2 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  alosera nkhani  awerenga nkhani  alemba maganizo awo pa nkhani yomwe awerenga Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera zitsekerero ndi makadi amawu

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 3)

Uzani ophunzira kuti afotokoze zomwe amachita akamalandira zinthu kuchokera kwa akulu. Uzani ophunzira angapo kuti asonyeze zomwe mwakambirana.

Ntchito 2.2.1

(Mphindi 7)

Kulosera nkhani

Tsopano tilosera nkhani kudzera m’chithunzi ndi mutu wa nkhani. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 5. Tiyeni tikambirane zomwe zili m’chithunzichi. Funsani mafunso othandiza ophunzira kulosera zochitika monga awa. Fotokozani zomwe zikuchitika pa chithunzichi. Kodi mutu wa nkhani yathu ndi chiyani? Nanga mukuganiza kuti muwerenga zotani?

Ntchito 2.2.2

(Mphindi 10)

Kuwerenga nkhani

Tsopano tiwerenga nkhani pogwiritsa ntchito njira yodzifunsa mafunso. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 5. Poyamba ndiwerenga ndekha, kenaka tiwerengere limodzi, pomaliza muwerenga nokha. Mvetserani. Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge m’magulu, awiriawiri kapena mmodzimmodzi.

Ntchito 2.2.3

Kulemba za mtengambali

(Mphindi 10)

Kambiranani ndi ophunzira zomwe zawasangalatsa za mtengambali mmodzi. Uzani ophunzira kuti alembe mwachidule zomwe zawasangalatsazo.

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira kuti achite masewera opanga mawu awa: langiza, kopeka, nyengerera ndi lusa pogwiritsa ntchito zitsekerero kapena makadi a malembo kapena maphatikizo amawu. 10

MUTU 2

Phunziro 3 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  apereka tanthauzo la chimangirizo  anena nkhani yaifupi momveka bwino Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera nkhani za ophunzira

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira angapo kuti adzifotokoze okha (anene dzina lawo, kwawo, zaka zawo).

Ntchito 2.3.1

(Mphindi 7)

Kupereka tanthauzo la chimangirizo

Lero tiphunzira chimangirizo. Kambiranani ndi ophunzira tanthauzo la chimangirizo. Chimangirizo ndi nkhani yomveka bwino.

Ntchito 2.3.2

(Mphindi 18)

Kunena nkhani yaifupi

Tsopano tinena nkhani yaifupi koma yomveka bwino ya ife eni ake. Perekani chitsanzo cha nkhani yokhudza inu (dzina lanu, kwanu, banja lanu, zokonda zanu ndi zina). Uzani ophunzira kuti akhale m’magulu ndipo aliyense anene mwachidule nkhani ya iye mwini. Sankhani ophunzira angapo kuti afotokoze nkhani za iwo eni. Thandizani ophunzira omwe zikuwavuta.

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira kuti ayimbe nyimbo yofotokoza za iwo eni monga Iwe ndiwe yani.

MUTU 2

Phunziro 4 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga nkhani  apereka matanthauzo amawu  apereka matanthauzo a zilapi Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera matchati kapena makadi amawu

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 4)

Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge mawu okhala ndi ng, ny, ngw, mt kuchokera pa makadi.

11

Ntchito 2.4.1

(Mphindi 12)

Kuwerenga nkhani

Tsopano tiwerenga nkhani pogwiritsa ntchito njira yodzifunsa mafunso. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 5. Poyamba ndiwerenga ndipo inu mumvetsere. Werengani ndime yoyamba ndipo imani ndi kudzifunsa mafunso monga awa: Kodi Gwape ndi ana ake amakhala kuti? (Amakhala m’nkhalango ya Chimwavi). N’chifukwa chiyani Gwape adalangiza ana ake kuti azitseka chitseko? (Amaopa Nkhandwe yolusa kuti ingadye anawo). Sankhani ophunzira angapo kuti asonyeze kwa anzawo momwe njirayi imagwirira ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito ndime yachiwiri. Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge nkhani yonse ndi kumadzifunsa mafunso ndi kupeza mayankho chamumtima. Limbikitsani ophunzira kugwiritsa ntchito njirayi moyenera.

Ntchito 2.4.2

Kupereka matanthauzo amawu

(Mphindi 7)

Tsopano tipereka matanthauzo amawu. Gwiritsani ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana.Mawuwa ndi: langiza, kopeka, lusa ndi nyengerera.

Ntchito 2.4.3

Kupereka matanthauzo a zilapi

(Mphindi 8)

Tsopano tipereka matanthauzo a zilapi. Tsekulani pa tsamba 7. Kambiranani ndi ophunzira chitsanzo ndi momwe achitire Ntchito A. Mayankho: 1 chikope 2 njira 3 minga 4 mbatata 5 dzungu Uzani ophunzira kuti alembe ntchitoyi m’makope mwawo.

Mathero

(Mphindi 4)

Kambiranani mayankho a zilapi ndipo ophunzira akonze zomwe alakwa.

MUTU 2

Phunziro 5 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga nkhani  ayankha mafunso Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi amawu

Chiyambi Uzani ophunzira kuti atole makadi amawu awa: langiza, kopeka, lusa ndi nyengerera ndi kuwerenga mofulumira.

12

Ntchito 2.5.1

(Mphindi 15)

Kuwerenga nkhani

Tsopano tiwerenga nkhani pogwiritsa ntchito njira yodzifunsa mafunso. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 5. Werengani nkhaniyi. Ophunzira awerenge m’magulu kapena awiriawiri. Kenaka auzeni kuti awerenge mwachinunu. Alimbikitseni kudzifunsa mafunso ndi kupeza mayankho pamene akuwerenga. Mukhozanso kufunsa mafunso angapo pofuna kuona ngati ophunzira akugwiritsa bwino ntchito njirayi.

Ntchito 2.5.2

(Mphindi 10)

Kuyankha mafunso

Tsopano muyankha mafunso kuchokera pa nkhani yomwe mwawerenga. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 7. Uzani ophunzira kuti ayankhe mafunso molemba. Thandizani ophunzira kuyankha mafunso moyenera.

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Kambiranani ndi ophunzira mayankho a mafunso kuti akonze zomwe alakwa.

MUTU 2

Phunziro 6 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga nkhani molondola ndi mofulumira  apereka maganizo awo pa nkhani yomwe awerenga  apeza alowam’malo Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi amaphatikizo, mtengo wa mawu

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 3)

Uzani ophunzira kuti atole makadi omwe ali ndi maphatikizo awa: la, nju, gwa, ngi, ko, dzu, da, ka, ngwe, mtu, za, po, chi, pe ndi ta ndi kupanga mawu monga awa: gwada, langiza, njuta, mtudzu, kopekandi chipongwe.

Ntchito 2.6.1

(Mphindi 7)

Kuwerenga nkhani

Tsopano tiwerenga nkhani molondola ndi mofulumira. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 5.Werengani nkhaniyi. Sonyezani ophunzira kuwerenga mofulumira, mosadodoma ndi momveka bwino. Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge m’magulu, awiriawiri kapena mmodzimmodzi. Limbikitsani ophunzira kuwerenga molondola ndi mofulumira.

13

Ntchito 2.6.2

Kupereka maganizo

(Mphindi 6)

Tsopano mupereka maganizo anu pa ampangankhani a m’nkhani yomwe mwawerenga. Kumbutsani ophunzira kuti mpangankhani ndi munthu amene watenga gawo m’nkhani. Mpangankhani amatha kukhalanso nyama. Uzani ophunzira kuti afotokoze zomwe akuganiza za ampangankhani. Thandizani ophunzira omwe zikuwavuta.

Ntchito 2.6.3

(Mphindi 15)

Kupeza alowam’malo

Lero tiphunzira za alowam’malo. Kambiranani ndi ophunzira tanthauzo la mawu woti mlowam’malo (Mlowam’malo ndi mawu amene amgwira ntchito m’malo mwa dzina). Mwachitsanzo, Iye amanjuta makolo akamamulangiza. Funsani ophunzira kuti atchule alowam’malo omwe akuwadziwa. Lembani mayankho awo pa bolodi. Uzani ophunzira kuti atsekule mabuku awo pa tsamba 8. Kambiranani ndi ophunzira chitsanzo cha Ntchito B kuchokera m’buku lawo. Ntchito B mulibe m’buku la ophunzira choncho lembani Ntchito/Mafunso otsatirawa pabolodi kapena patchati: 1 Iwe umapereka malangizo abwino. 2 Alendowa akufuna iwe. 3 Iye wadya chimanga chophika. 4 Inu mupita kwanu. 5 Iwo adzabwera mawa. Uzani ophunzira kuti alembe ntchitoyi m’makope mwawo. Yenderani ndi kuthandiza ophunzira.

Mathero

(Mphindi 4)

Uzani ophunzira kuti achite mpikisano wowerenga mawu kuchokera pa mtengo wa mawu.

MUTU 2

Phunziro 7 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga mabuku oonjezera  asonyeza ntchito yomwe achita m'sabatayi Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera mabuku oonjezera, chipangizo choyesera

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira kuti afotokoze nkhani zimene adawerenga m’mabuku oonjezera.

14

Ntchito 2.7.1

(Mphindi 25)

Kuwerenga mabuku oonjezera

Tsopano muwerenga mabuku oonjezera. Aliyense asankhe buku lomwe akufuna kuwerenga. Kumbukirani kugwiritsa ntchito njira zomwe mudaphunzira kale zowerengera nkhani kuti zikuthandizeni kumvetsa bwino nkhani. Mukamaliza kuwerenga, ndikufunsani kuti mufotokoze mwachidule zomwe mwawerenga. Lolani wophunzira aliyense kuti abwereke buku lomwe akufuna kuwerenga. Apatseni nthawi yokwanira kuti awerenge. Akatha kuwerenga abweze mabuku omwe anabwereka. Kumbukirani kugwiritsa ntchito atsogoleri a m’magulu pogawa ndi kutolera mabukuwo.

Ntchito 2.7.2

(Mphindi 25)

Kuyesa ophunzira

Pamene ophunzira akuwerenga mabuku oonjezera sankhani ophunzira angapo ndi kuwayesa pa zina mwa zizindikiro zakakhozedwe za m'sabatayi. Gwiritsani ntchito mndandanda uwu ngati chitsanzo poyesa ophunzira: Kodi wophunzira:

wakhoza bwino kwambiri

wamvetserankhani? wawerenga mawu okhala ndi ng, ny, ngw, mt? wapereka matanthauzo a mawu ? wapereka tanthauzo la chimangirizo? wawerenga nkhani? wayankha mafunso? wapereka mayankho a zilapi? wapeza alowam’malo m’ziganizo? wawerenga mabuku oonjezera? wafotokoza zomwe wawerenga m’mabuku oonjezera? wapereka maganizo ake pa nkhani yomwe wawerenga m'mabuku oonjezera?

15

wakhoza bwino

wakhoza pang’ono

ndi wofunika chithandizo

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira angapo kuti afotokoze zomwe zawasangalatsa m’nkhanizo. Kumbukirani kuti ophunzira abwereke mabuku kuti akawerenge kunyumba. Kumbukirani kulembera mabuku omweophunzira abwereka.

MUTU 2

Phunziro 8 Chizindikiro chakakhozedwe Ophunzira abwereza ntchito yomwe sadachite bwino. Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi, matchati amawu

Ntchito 2.8.1

Kubwereza ntchito yam’sabatayi

(Mphindi 35)

Sankhani ntchito yomwe ophunzira sadachite bwino m'sabatayi ndi kubwereza. Gwiritsani ntchito zipangizo ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera.

16

MUTU 3 Kusamalira ziwiya

Phunziro 1 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  amvetsera nkhani  ayankha mafunso molondola Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera nkhani ya Ubwenzi wa Nyalugwe ndi Mkango

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira kuti atchule ziwiya zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimapezeka kwawo ndi momwe amazisamalira.

Ntchito 3.1.1

(Mphindi 15)

Kumvetsera nkhani

Tsopano timvetsera nkhani pogwiritsa ntchito njira yodzifunsa mafunso. Onani momwe njirayi imagwirira ntchito m’mutu 1.1.2. Ubwenzi wa Nyalugwe ndi Mkango Kalekale m’nkhalango yotchedwa Changa mudali Nyalugwe ndi Mkango. Iwo adali pa ubwenzi wa ponda apa nane mpondepo. Tsiku lina Mkango adaganiza zokacheza kwa bwenzi lake Nyalugwe. Atafika pakhomopo, adadabwa kupeza ziwiya zili mbwee, ntchentche zili ng’waa. Nyalugwe adamulandira bwino mnzakeyo ndipo adaganiza zoti amukonzere chakudya. Iye adatenga poto wosatsuka ndi kumutereka pa moto. Chakudyacho chitapsa, adatola mbale zomwe zidali mbwee zija ndi kuikamo chakudya. Mafoloko ndi mipeni yodyera idali yadzimbiri. Mkango ndi Nyalugwe adadya chakudyacho. Pasanapite nthawi, Mkango adatsekula m’mimba kwambiri ndipo adafooka kotero kuti sankatha kuyenda. Poona izi, Nyalugwe adaitanitsa galimoto ndipo adamutengera mnzakeyo kuchipatala. Atafika kuchipatalako, Dokotala Birimankhwe adapereka mankhwala. Birimankhwe adafotokozera Nyalugwe ndi Mkango kuti kawirikawiri matenda otsekula m’mimba amayamba chifukwa cha uve. Mkango adavomereza kuti Nyalugwe satsuka ziwiya zake. Iye adanenetsa kuti sadzapondanso pakhomo pa Nyalugwe chifukwa cha uvewo. Kuyambira pomwepo, abwenziwo adadana ndipo sayenderanso monga kale.

Ntchito 3.1.2

Kuyankha mafunso

(Mphindi 10)

Tsopano ndikufunsani mafunso pa nkhani yomwe mwamvetserayi. 1 Tchulani mpangankhani yemwe wakusangalatsani ndi zifukwa zake. 2 N’chifukwa chiyani Nyalugwe ndi Mkango adadana? 3 3 Kodi ndi malangizo otani omwe mukadapereka kwa Nyalugwe?

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira kuti afotokoze nkhani yomwe amvetsera.

17

MUTU 3

Phunziro 2 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  alosera nkhani  awerenga nkhani  alemba maganizo awo pa nkhani yomwe awerenga Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi amawu ndi ziwiya zapakhomo

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 3)

Uzani ophunzira kuti atchule ziwiya zomwe amagwiritsa ntchito kunyumba kwawo. Kenaka aonetseni ziwiya zomwe mwabweretsa.

Ntchito 3.2.1

(Mphindi 5)

Kulosera nkhani

Tsopano tilosera nkhani kudzera m’chithunzi ndi mutu wa nkhani. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 9. Tiyeni tikambirane zomwe zili m’chithunzichi. Funsani mafunso othandiza ophunzira kulosera zochitika monga awa.Fotokozani zomwe zikuchitika m’chithunzichi. Kodi mutu wa nkhani yathu ndi chiyani? Nanga mukuganiza kuti muwerenga zotani?

Ntchito 3.2.2

(Mphindi 13)

Kuwerenga nkhani

Tsopano tiwerenga nkhani pogwiritsa ntchito njira yodzifunsa mafunso.Tsekulani pa tsamba 9. Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge m’magulu, awiriawiri kapena mmodzimmodzi. Mvetserani pamene ophunzira akuwerenga ndi kuwathandiza omwe zikuwavuta.

Ntchito 3.2.3

Kulemba za mpangankhani

(Mphindi 10)

Kambiranani ndi ophunzira za ampangankhani a m’nkhaniyi. Uzani ophunzira kuti alembe mwachidule za mpangankhani yemwe wawasangalatsa ndi zifukwa zake.

Mathero

(Mphindi 4)

Uzani ophunzira angapo kuti awerenge zomwe alemba.

18

MUTU 3

Phunziro 3 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  atchula magawo a chimangirizo  apeza magawo a chimangirizo Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera matchati awiri a zimangirizo zosiyana

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira kuti afotokoze tanthauzo la chimangirizo.

Ntchito 3.3.1

Kutchula magawo a chimangirizo

(Mphindi 10)

Tsopano tikambirana magawo a chimangirizo. Gwiritsani ntchito nkhani ya inu eni yomwe mwalemba pa tchati loyamba. Kambiranani ndi ophunzira magawo awa a chimangirizo, mutu ndi mfundo zotambasula mutuwo.

Ntchito 3.3.2

Kupeza magawo a chimangirizo

(Mphindi 15)

Tsopano tipeza magawo a chimangirizo. Uzani ophunzira kuti akhale m’magulu ndipo apeze magawo a chimangirizo kuchokera pa nkhani yomwe yalembedwa pa tchati lachiwiri. Sankhani ophunzira angapo kuti afotokoze zomwe akambirana m’magulu mwawo.

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira kuti atchule magawo a chimangirizo ndi kusonyeza kuchokera pa tchati.

19

MUTU 3

Phunziro 4 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga nkhani  apereka matanthauzo amawu  alemba ndondomeko yosamalira ziwiya Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi amawu

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 4)

Uzani ophunzira kuti atchule mawu omwe amayamba ndi malembo awa: kw. Onetsani mawu monga kwacha, kwada, kwecha, kwawa, kwatha ndi kwina kuchokera pa makadi.

Ntchito 3.4.1

(Mphindi 12)

Kuwerenga nkhani

Tsopano tiwerenga nkhani pogwiritsa ntchito njira yodzifunsa mafunso. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 9. Onani momwe njirayi imagwirira ntchito m’mutu 1.1.2.

Ntchito 3.4.2

Kupereka matanthauzo a mawu

(Mphindi 5)

Tsopano tipereka matanthauzo amawu. Gwiritsani ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana. Mawuwa ndi kwecha, cheyo, thandala ndi nsengwa.

Ntchito 3.4.3

Kulemba ndondomeko yosamalira ziwiya

(Mphindi 10)

Tsopano mulemba ndondomeko yosamalira ziwiya. Tsekulani buku lanu pa tsamba 11. Kambiranani ndi ophunzira chitsanzo ndi momwe achitire Ntchito A. Uzani ophunzira kuti alembe ntchitoyi m’makope mwawo. Mayankho 1 kutsuka ndi sopo 2 kutsukuluza ndi madzi abwino 3 kupukuta ndi kansalu 4 kuziika pamalo abwino

Mathero

(Mphindi 4)

Kambiranani ndi ophunzira ntchito yomwe alemba ndipo akonze zomwe alakwa.

20

MUTU 3

Phunziro 5 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga nkhani  ayankha mafunso molondola Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera matchati kapena makadi amawu

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira kuti achite masewera okhwatcha mawu pogwiritsa ntchito mawu omwe mwalemba pa tchati monga awa: ziwiya, zikatsukidwa, pakhomo, kusamalira, dzimbiri, mchenga, cheyo ndi thandala.

Ntchito 3.5.1

(Mphindi 15)

Kuwerenga nkhani

Tsopano tiwerenga nkhani pogwiritsa ntchito njira yodzifunsa mafunso. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 9. Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge mwachinunu. Limbikitsani ophunzira kugwiritsa ntchito njirayi.

Ntchito 3.5.2

(Mphindi 10)

Kuyankha mafunso

Tsopano muyankha mafunso kuchokera m’nkhani yomwe mwawerenga. Tsekulani pa tsamba10. Uzani ophunzira kuti ayankhe mafunso molemba. Thandizani ophunzira kuyankha mafunso moyenera.

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Kambiranani ndi ophunzira mayankho okhoza ndipo akonze zomwe alakwa.

MUTU 3

Phunziro 6 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga nkhani molondola ndi mofulumira  apereka maganizo awo pa nkhani yomwe awerenga  apeza mayina amwinimwini m’ndime Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera tchati/makadi a mawu

21

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 3)

Uzani ophunzira kuti atole makadi a maphatikizo awa: mbi, po, u, ndo, dzi, to, kho ndi ri ndi kupanga mawu awa: ukhondo, poto ndi dzimbiri.

Ntchito 3.6.1

(Mphindi

Kuwerenga nkhani

8)

Tsopano tiwerenga nkhani molondola ndi mofulumira. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 9. Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge m’magulu, awiriawiri kapena mmodzimmodzi. Limbikitsani ophunzira kuwerenga mofulumira, mosadodoma ndi momveka bwino.

Ntchito 3.6.2

(Mphindi

Kupereka maganizo

10)

Tsopano mupereka maganizo anu pa nkhani yomwe mwawerenga. Uzani ophunzira kuti asankhe chiwiya chimodzi chomwe akuganiza kuti ndi chofunika kwambiri ndipo afotokoze chifukwa chake.

Ntchito 3.6.3

Kupeza mayina amwinimwini

(Mphindi 10)

Lero tiphunzira za mayina amwinimwini. Kambiranani ndi ophunzira tanthauzo la dzina la mwinimwini (Dzinali ndi lotchulira kapena loitanira chinthu chimodzi). Fotokozani kuti; Dzinali limayamba ndilembo lalikulu. Mwachitsanzo: Shire ndi mtsinje waukulu. Uzani ophunzira kuti atchule mayina amwinimwini omwe akuwadziwa. Lembani mayankho awo pa bolodi. Uzani ophunzira kuti atsekule mabuku awo pa tsamba 12. Kambiranani ndi ophunzira chitsanzo ndi momwe achitire Ntchito B. Uzani ophunzira kuti alembe ntchitoyi m’makope mwawo. Chongani ndi kuthandiza ophunzira omwe zikuwavuta. Mayankho: Penda, Chabwera, Dalo, Limbani

Mathero

(Mphindi 4)

Uzani ophunzira kuti apereke mayina ena amwinimwini.

22

MUTU 3

Phunziro 7 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga mabuku oonjezera  asonyeza ntchito yomwe achita m’sabatayi Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera mabuku oonjezera, chipangizo choyesera

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira kuti afotokoze nkhani zimene adawerenga m’mabuku oonjezera.

Ntchito 3.7.1

Kuwerenga mabuku oonjezera

(Mphindi 25)

Tsopano muwerenga mabuku oonjezera. Aliyense asankhe buku lomwe akufuna kuwerenga. Kumbukirani kugwiritsa ntchito njira zomwe mudaphunzira kale zowerengera nkhani kuti zikuthandizeni kumvetsa bwino nkhani. Mukamaliza kuwerenga, ndikufunsani kuti mufotokoze mwachidule zomwe mwawerenga. Lolani wophunzira aliyense kuti abwereke buku lomwe akufuna kuwerenga. Apatseni nthawi yokwanira kuti awerenge. Ophunzira omwe atha kuwerenga abweze mabuku omwe anabwereka. Kumbukirani kugwiritsa ntchito atsogoleri a m’magulu pogawa ndi kutolera mabukuwo.

Ntchito 3.7.2

Kuyesa ophunzira

Pamene ophunzira akuwerenga mabuku oonjezera sankhani ophunzira angapo ndi kuwayesa pa zina mwa zizindikiro zakakhozedwe za m’sabatayi. Kodi wophunzira:

wakhoza bwino kwambiri

wamvetsera nkhani? wawerenga mawu okhala ndi kw th ch dz? wapereka matanthauzo amawu? watchula magawo a chimangirizo? wawerenga nkhani? watsiriza ziganizo? wapeza mayina amwinimwini? wawerenga mabuku oonjezera? wafotokoza zomwe wawerenga m’mabuku oonjezera? 23

wakhoza bwino

wakhoza pang’ono

ndi wofunika chithandizo

wapereka maganizo ake pa nkhani zomwe wawerenga?

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira kuti afotokoze zomwe awerenga. Lolani ophunzira kubwereka mabuku kuti akawerenge kunyumba. Chitani kalembera wa mabuku omwe ophunzira abwereka.

MUTU 3

Phunziro 8 Chizindikiro chakakhozedwe Ophunzira abwereza ntchito yomwe sadachite bwino Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi/matchati

Ntchito 3.8.1

Kubwereza ntchito yam’sabatayi

(Mphindi 35)

Sankhani ntchito yomwe ophunzira sadachite bwino m’sabatayi ndi kubwereza. Gwiritsani ntchito zipangizo ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera.

24

MUTU 4 Khumbo langa

Phunziro 1 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  amvetsera nkhani  ayankha mafunso Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzira ndi zoyesera Nkhani ya Thandizo akwaniritsa khumbo lake

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 3)

Uzani ophunzira kuti atchule ntchito zosiyanasiyana zomwe anthu amagwira pofuna kupeza ndalama.

Ntchito 4.1.1

Kuphunzitsa njira younika mpangankhani

(Mphindi 5)

Lero tiphunzira njira younika mpangankhani m’nkhani. M'njirayi timapeza yemwe akuyankhula m’nkhani ndi zifukwa zake, gawo lomwe akutenga, ubale ndi ampangankhani ena komanso malo ndi nthawi yochitikira nkhani. Izi zimatilumikizitsa ndi maganizo a mpangankhaniyo kuti timvetse zomwe zikuchitika.

Ntchito 4.1.2

(Mphindi 14)

Kumvetsera nkhani

Tsopano tigwiritsa ntchito njira yomwe taphunzira. Ndiwerenga nkhani ndipo inu muvetsere. Sonyezani momwe njirayi imagwirira ntchito. Mwachitsanzo: Mutu wa nkhani ndi Thandizo akwaniritsa khumbo lake. Werengani ndime imodzi ya nkhaniyi ndi kufunsa ophunzira kuti apeze mpangankhani m’ndimeyo ndi zimene zikumuchitikira/akuchita ndi chifukwa chake monga: Mpangankhani ndi Thandizo. Iye ndi wosowa. Amafuna kudzakhala dokotala atakhumbira dokotala wa mano. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi ndime zotsatira. Thandizo akwaniritsa khumbo lake Thandizo amakhala m’mudzi wotchedwa Mphasa ndi agogo ake. Nthawi zambiri Thandizo ndi agogo ake amasowa zinthu zogwiritsa ntchito pa moyo wawo wa tsiku ndi tsiku. Tsiku lina m’mudzi mwawo mudabwera dokotala wa mano. Dokotalayo adafotokoza za matenda a mano ndi momwe angawapewere. Thandizo adamvetsera mwachidwi. Iye adakhumbira kudzakhala dokotala akadzamaliza sukulu. Thandizo amachita bwino m’maphunziro onse. Atalemba mayeso a Sitandade 8, adamusankhira ku sekondale yogonera konko. Agogo ake adamulangiza kuti akapitirize kulimbikira maphunziro. Tsiku lina kusukuluko kudabwera alendo ochokera ku bungwe lothandiza ophunzira. Alendowo adafotokoza kuti akufuna ophunzira omwe amakhoza bwino maphunziro kuti awalipirire sukulu. Aphunzitsi adapereka mayina ndipo Thandizo adali m’gululo. Izi zidalimbikitsa Thandizo kotero adakhoza bwino mayeso a Fomu 4. Iye adasankhidwa kupita kusukulu ya ukachenjede ya za udokotala. Atamaliza maphunzirowo adayamba ntchito pachipatala cha boma la m’dera la kwawo. Iye adali wosangalala kwambiri popeza adakwaniritsa khumbo lake.

25

Ntchito 4.1.3

(Mphindi 9)

Kuyankha mafunso

Tsopano ndikufunsani mafunso pankhani yomwe mwamvetserayi. 1 Kodi Thandizo amakhala ndi yani? 2 Fotokozani ubwino wolimbikira maphunziro. 3 Mukamaliza sukulu, mumafuna kudzagwira ntchito yanji? Perekani zifukwa zake.

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira kuti afotokoze nkhani yomwe amvetsera.

MUTU 4

Phunziro 2 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  alosera zochitika m’ndakatulo  awerenga ndakatulo  alemba maganizo awo pa ndakatulo yomwe awerenga Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi amawu

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 3)

Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge mawu okhala ndi mch, mt, mw ndi mph kuchokera pa makadi.

Ntchito 4.2.1

(Mphindi 5)

Kulosera ndakatulo

Tsopano tilosera zochitika m’ndakatulo pogwiritsa ntchito chithunzi ndi mutu. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 13. Tiyeni tikambirane zomwe zili m’chithunzichi. Funsani mafunso othandiza ophunzira kulosera zochitika monga awa: Fotokozani zomwe zikuchitika m’chithunzichi. Kodi mutu wa ndakatuloyi ndi chiyani? Nanga mukuganiza kuti muwerenga zotani?

Ntchito 4.2.2

(Mphindi 10)

Kuwerenga ndakatulo

Tsopano muwerenga ndakatulo pogwiritsa ntchito njira younika woyankhula. Sonyezani momwe njirayi imagwirira ntchito. Onani ntchito 4.1.1. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 13. Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge m’magulu/awiriawiri/mmodzimmodzi.

Ntchito 4.2.3

Kulemba za woyankhula

(Mphindi 12)

Sankhani ndime imodzi ndipo kambiranani ndi ophunzira za woyankhula m’ndimeyi. Uzani ophunzira kuti alembe mwachidule zomwe zawasangalatsa za woyankhulayo. 26

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira angapo kuti awerenge zomwe alemba.

MUTU 4

Phunziro 3 Chizindikiro chakakhozedwe Ophunzira alemba chimangirizo. Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera tchati la chimangirizo

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 3)

Uzani ophunzira kuti atchule magawo a chimangirizo omwe adaphunzira.

Ntchito 4.3.1

Kukambirana zopezeka m’chimangirizo

(Mphindi 9)

Tsopano tikambirana mutu ndi mfundo zopezeka m’chimangirizo. Pachikani tchati la chimangirizo. Kambiranani ndi ophunzira mutu ndi mfundo zopezeka m’chimangirizochi. Uzani ophunzira kuti akhale m’magulu ndi kukambirana mfundo zokhudza iwo (dzina lawo, zaka zawo, kwawo, zomwe amakonda).

Ntchito 4.3.2

(Mphindi 18)

Kulemba chimangirizo

Tsopano mulemba chimangirizo cha inu eni ake. Uzani ophunzira kuti alembe chimangirizo chokhudza iwo m’makope mwawo. Yenderani ndi kuthandiza ophunzira.

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira angapo kuti awerenge zomwe alemba.

27

MUTU 4

Phunziro 4 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga ndakatulo  apereka matanthauzo amawu  alemba ntchito zomwe dalaivala amagwira Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera nkhokwe ya mawu

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 4)

Uzani ophunzira kuti atole ndi kuwerenga mawu awa: khumba, namwino, mchikumbe, mphunzitsi ndi mtolankhani kuchokera m’nkhokwe ya mawu.

Ntchito 4.4.1

(Mphindi 12)

Kuwerenga ndakatulo

Tsopano muwerenga ndakatulo pogwiritsa ntchito njira younika woyankhula. Onani momwe njirayi imagwirira ntchito m’mutu 4.1.1. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 13. Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge m’magulu, awiriawiri ndi mmodzimmodzi. Limbikitsani ophunzira kugwiritsa ntchito njirayi.

Ntchito 4.4.2

Kupereka matanthauzo amawu

(Mphindi 7)

Tsopano tipereka matanthauzo amawu. Gwiritsani ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana. Mawuwa ndi namwino, khumba, mchikumbe ndi mtolankhani.

Ntchito 4.4.3

Kulemba ntchito zomwe dalaivala amagwira

(Mphindi 8)

Tsopano mulemba ntchito zomwe dalaivala amagwira.Tsekulani pa tsamba 16. Kambiranani ndi ophunzira chitsanzo cha Ntchito A. Uzani ophunzira kuti alembe ntchitoyi m’makope mwawo.

Mathero

(Mphindi 4)

Kambiranani ndi ophunzira ntchito yomwe alemba ndipo akonze zomwe alakwa. Uzani ophunzira kuti akaloweze ndakatulo kwawo.

28

MUTU 4

Phunziro 5 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga ndakatulo  ayankha mafunso Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi amawu

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 3)

Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge mawu awa: namwino, khumba, mphunzitsi ndimtolankhani kuchokera pa makadi ndi kupanga ziganizo.

Ntchito 4.5.1

(Mphindi 15)

Kuwerenga ndakatulo

Tsopano muwerenga ndakatulo kuchokera m’buku lanu pogwiritsa ntchito njira younika woyankhula. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 13. Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge mwachinunu. Limbikitsani ophunzira kugwiritsa ntchito njirayi.

Ntchito 4.5.2

(Mphindi 12)

Kuyankha mafunso

Tsopano muyankha mafunso kuchokera pa ndakatulo yomwe mwawerenga. Tsekulani pa tsamba 15. Uzani ophunzira kuti ayankhe mafunso molemba. Thandizani ophunzira kuyankha mafunso moyenera.

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Kambiranani ndi ophunzira mayankho a mafunso ndipo akonze zomwe sanachite bwino.

MUTU 4

Phunziro 6 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  alakatula ndakatulo  apereka maganizo awo pa ndakatulo  aika zizindikiro zam’kalembedwe pa malo oyenera Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera mtengo wa mawu

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 4)

Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge mawu kuchokera pa mtengo wa mawu. 29

Ntchito 4.6.1

(Mphindi 7)

Kulakatula ndakatulo

Tsopano tilakatula ndakatulo yomwe tinaloweza. Sonyezani kulakatula ndime imodzi potsatira kamvekedwe ka ndakatulo. Uzani ophunzira kuti alakatule m’magulu.Limbikitsani ophunzira kulakatula ndakatuloyi moyenera.

Ntchito 4.6.2

(Mphindi 11)

Kupereka maganizo

Tsopano mupereka maganizo anu pa ndakatulo yomwe mwalakatula. Uzani ophunzira kuti afotokoze zokhumba zawo mogwirizana ndi ndakatulo yomwe alakatula. Thandizani ophunzira.

Ntchito 4.6.3

Kuika zizindikiro zam’kalembedwe

(Mphindi 10)

Lero tiphunzira zizindikiro zam’kalembedwe. Zizindikirozi ndi mpumiro, mpatuliro ndi mfunsiro. Lembani zizindikirozi pabolodi (. , ?) ndipo kambiranani ndi ophunzira momwe zimagwirira ntchito. Mwachitsanzo: Mpumiro (.) ndi chizindikiro chomwe timaika kumapeto kwa chiganizo. Mpatuliro (,) ndi chizindikiro chomwe chimasonyeza kupatula zinthu zomwe zili mundandanda. Mfunsiro (?) ndi chizindikiro chomwe timaika pothera pa chiganizo chomwe ndi funso. Uzani ophunzira kuti atsekule mabuku awo pa tsamba 17. Kambiranani ndi ophunzira chitsanzo ndi momwe achitire Ntchito B. Uzani ophunzira kuti alembe ntchitoyi m’makope mwawo. Yenderani ndi kuthandiza ophunzira.

(Mphindi 3)

Mathero

Kambiranani ndi ophunzira mayankho olondola a Ntchito B ndipo akonze zomwe analakwa

MUTU 4

Phunziro 7 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga mabuku oonjezera  asonyeza ntchito yomwe achita m’sabatayi Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera mabuku oonjezera, chipangizo choyesera

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira kuti afotokoze za ampangankhani opezeka m’nkhani zomwe adawerenga m’mabuku oonjezera.

Ntchito 4.7.1

Kuwerenga mabuku oonjezera

(Mphindi 25)

Tsopano muwerenga mabuku oonjezera. Aliyense asankhe buku lomwe akufuna kuwerenga. Kumbukirani kugwiritsa ntchito njira zomwe mudaphunzira kale zowerengera nkhani kuti zikuthandizeni kumvetsa bwino nkhani. Mukamaliza kuwerenga ndikufunsani kuti mufotokoze 30

mwachidule zomwe mwawerenga. Lolani wophunzira aliyense kuti abwereke buku lomwe akufuna kuwerenga. Apatseni nthawi yokwanira kuti awerenge. Akatha kuwerenga abweze mabuku omwe anabwereka. Kumbukirani kugwiritsa ntchito atsogoleri a m’magulu pogawa ndi kutolera mabukuwo.

Ntchito 4.7.2

Kuyesa ophunzira

Pamene ophunzira akuwerenga mabuku oonjezera, sankhani ophunzira angapo ndi kuwayesa pa zina mwa zizindikiro zakakhozedwe za m’sabatayi. Kodi wophunzira:

wakhoza bwino kwambiri

wakhoza bwino

wakhoza pang’ono

ndi wofunika chithandizo

wamvetsera nkhani? wawerenga mawu okhala ndi nkh, mz, mt, ph? wapereka matanthauzo amawu? walemba chimangirizo? wawerenga ndakatulo? walakatula ndakatulo? wayankha mafunso? walemba zizindikiro zam’kalembedwe? wafotokoza zomwe wawerenga? wapereka maganizo ake pa zomwe wawerenga?

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira kuti afotokoze zomwe awerenga. Lolani ophunzira kubwereka mabuku kuti akawerenge kunyumba. Chitani kalembera wa mabuku omwe abwerekedwa.

MUTU 4

Phunziro 8 Chizindikiro ch akakhozedwe Ophunzira abwereza ntchito yomwe sadachite bwino. Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi, matchati

Ntchito 4.8.1

Kubwereza ntchito yam’sabatayi

(Mphindi 35)

Sankhani ntchito yomwe ophunzira sadachite bwino m’sabatayi ndi kubwereza. Gwiritsani ntchito zipangizo ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera. 31

MUTU 5 Kubwereza ndi kuyesa

Phunziro 1

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  amvetsera nkhani  ayankha mafunso  afotokoza nkhani yomwe amvetsera Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera nkhani, makadi amaphatikizo

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 4)

Pezani chiyambi chogwirizana ndi phunziro lomwe mubwereze.

Ntchito 5.1.1

(Mphindi 10)

Kumvetsera nkhani

Tsopano timvetsera nkhani. Tigwiritsa ntchito njira zomwe tidaphunzira kale. Gwiritsani ntchito njira ina iliyonse yothandiza ophunzira kumvetsa nkhani. Sankhani nkhani iliyonse yomwe mudaphunzitsa m’mitu 1mpaka 4.

Ntchito 5.1.2

(Mphindi 9)

Kuyankha mafunso

Tsopano ndikufunsani mafunso pankhani yomwe mwamvetsera. Funsani mafunso okhudza ampangankhani, atengambali kapena oyankhula, malo ndi nthawi.

Ntchito 5.1.3

(Mphindi 7)

Kufotokoza nkhani

Uzani ophunzira angapo kuti afotokoze nkhani yomwe amvetsera.

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira kuti achite sewero lopanga mawu pogwiritsa ntchito makadi amaphatikizo.

MUTU 5

Phunziro 2 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga nkhani molondola ndi mofulumira  apereka maganizo awo pa nkhani yomwe awerenga  atsiriza ziganizo Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi a malembo

32

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 4)

Onetsani khadi la malembo ndi kufunsa ophunzira kuti atchule mawu okhala ndi malembowo. Malembowo ndi: tch, kw, kh, gw, ngw, ph, ng ndi mw.

Ntchito 5.2.1

(Mphindi 12)

Kuwerenga nkhani

Tsopano tiwerenga nkhani pogwiritsa ntchito njira zomwe tidaphunzira kale monga yodzifunsa mafunso. Sankhani nkhani/macheza/ndakatulo imodzi mwa zomwe mudaphunzitsa m’mitu 1 mpaka 4. Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge m’magulu, awiriawiri kapena mmodzimmodzi. Limbikitsani ophunzira kugwiritsa ntchito njirayi.

Ntchito 5.2.2

(Mphindi 7)

Kupereka maganizo

Tsopano mupereka maganizo anu pa zomwe mwawerenga. Uzani ophunzira kuti asankhe mpangankhani mmodzi ndi kufotokoza zomwe zawasangalatsa/sizinawasangalatse zokhudza mpangankhaniyo ndi zifukwa zake.

Ntchito 5.2.3

(Mphindi 7)

Kutsiriza ziganizo

Tsopano titsiriza ziganizo. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 18. Kambiranani ndi ophunzira chitsanzo ndi momwe achitire Ntchito A. Uzani ophunzira kuti alembe ntchitoyi. Yenderani ndi kuthandiza ophunzira. Mayankho: 1 amalemekeza 2 phunziro 3 thandala 4 mabuku 5 mchenga

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Kambiranani ndi ophunzira mayankho a ntchitoyo ndipo akonze zomwe sanachite bwino.

MUTU 5

Phunziro 3 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga ziganizo molondola ndi mofulumira  alemba lembetso Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera tchati la mawu

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira kuti achite masewera okhwatcha mawu pogwiritsa ntchito mawu omwe mwalemba pa tchati monga awa: njira, ziwiya, miphika, mchenga, phulusandithandala.

33

Ntchito 5.3.1

(Mphindi 7)

Kuwerenga ndime

Tsopano muwerenga mofulumira ndi molondola ndime imodzi ya nkhani ya ‘Msonkhano wa ziwiya’ yomwe mudawerenga m’mutu 3. Bwerezani kukambirana ndi ophunzira mawu ena omwe mukufuna kuti awadziwe kuchokera m’ndimeyi.

Ntchito 5.3.2

(Mphindi 20)

Kulemba lembetso

Tsopano mulemba lembetso. Ndiwerenga ndime ya lembetso koyamba paamene inu mukumvetsera. Kenaka ndiwerenga kachiwiri ndipo inu muzilemba. Ndiwerenganso kachitatu kuti mukonze zolakwika. Werengani ndimeyi m’zigawo zomveka bwino. Kumbukirani kutchula zizindikiro zam’kalembedwe mukamalembetsa lembetso. Ndime ya lembetso ndi iyi. Bambo ndi Mayi Chigamba/ amakhala m’dera/ la Mwanje./ Banjali/ silimasamala ziwiya zawo./ Nthawi zambiri /ntchentche zimakhala/ zili ng’waa/ pa ziwiyazo./ Uvewu/ udatopetsa ziwiyazo./ Chongani ntchito ya ophunzira ndikuthandiza amene zikuwavuta.

Mathero

(Mphindi 3)

Pachikani tchati la lembetsoli pabolodi ndipo kambiranani ndi ophunzira zomwe sadachite bwino polemba ndimeyi.

MUTU 5

Phunziro 4 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga macheza  apereka matanthauzo a mawu Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi amawu

(Mphindi 5)

Chiyambi

Onetsani makadi amawu okhala ndi tch, kh, ngw, ph, ng, mw ndipo ophunzira awerenge molondola ndi mofulumira.

Ntchito 5.4.1

(Mphindi 17)

Kuwerenga macheza

Gwiritsani ntchito macheza omwe mudaphunzitsa m’mutu 1. Tsopano muwerenga macheza pogwiritsa ntchito njira younika atengambali. Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge machezawa m’magulu/awiriawiri. Limbikitsani ophunzira kuwerenga molondola ndi mofulumira. 34

Ntchito 5.4.2

(Mphindi 8)

Kuunikanso matanthauzo amawu

Bwerezani kukambirana ndi ophunzira matanthauzo amawu omwe adaphunzira m’masabata anayi a m’mbuyomu pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana.

(Mphindi 5)

Mathero Uzani ophunzira kuti apange ziganizo zomveka bwino ndi ena mwa mawu mwaphunzitsawo.

MUTU 5

Phunziro 5 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga nkhani  ayankha mafunso molondola Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi amaphatikizo ndi mawu

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira kuti atole makadi a maphatikizo awa: tchi, nju, da, pi, mba, tsa, gwa, khu, ta, na, la, mwi, che, nda, yo, no ndi tha, ndi kupanga mawu monga kweza, gwada, tchipitsa, njuta, khumba, namwino, cheyo ndi thandala.

Ntchito 5.5.1

(Mphindi 7)

Kuwerenga nkhani

Tsopano muwerenga nkhani pogwiritsa ntchito njira zomwe mudaphunzira kale. Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge mwachinununkhani yomwe mwasankha kuchokera m’mutu 2 ndi 3.

Ntchito 5.5.2

(Mphindi 18)

Kupanga mawu

Tsopano tipanga mawu osiyanasiyana kuchokera m’bokosi la malembo pa tsamba 18. Kambiranani ndi ophunzira chitsanzo ndi momwe achitire Ntchito B. Uzani ophunzira kuti alembe mayankho a Ntchito B m’makope mwawo. Yenderani ndi kuthandiza ophunzira. Mawu omwe apange ndi monga awa: nthawi, namwino, banja, achotsa, chotsa, malata, mbiya, ina, apano, pano ndi gwada.

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Kambiranani ndi ophunzira mayankho a ntchitoyi ndipo akonze zomwe sanachite bwino.

35

MUTU 5

Phunziro 6 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga ndakatulo  alakatula ndakatulo Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera nkhokwe ya mawu

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira kuti atole mawu awa: mtolankhani, khumba, mphunzitsi, msirikalindimlimi kuchokera m’nkhokwe ya mawu ndi kuwerenga.

Ntchito 5.6.1

(Mphindi 13)

Kuwerenga ndakatulo

Tsopano muwerenga ndakatulo kuchokera m’buku lanu.Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 13.Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge ndakatuloyi mwa kamvekedwe koyenera. Limbikitsani ophunzira kuloweza ndakatuloyi.

Ntchito 5.6.2

(Mphindi 12)

Kulakatula ndakatulo

Tsopano mulakatula ndakatulo. Uzani ophunzira kuti alakatule ndakatulo m’magulu, m’mizere awiriawiri kapena mmodzimmodzi kapena kalasi lonse.

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Sankhani ophunzira angapo kuti alakatule ndakatuloyi molandirana.

MUTU 5

Phunziro 7 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga nkhani molondola ndi mofulumira  apeza mayina m’ndime Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi a maphatikizo

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira kuti achite masewera opanga mawu pogwiritsa ntchito makadi a maphatikizo. 36

Ntchito 5.7.1

(Mphindi 12)

Kuwerenga nkhani

Sankhani nkhani imodzi yomwe mwaphunzitsa m’mutu 1 mpaka 4. Tsopano muwerenga nkhani kuchokera m’buku lanu. Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge nkhaniyi pogwiritsa ntchito njira zomwe adaphunzira kale. Limbikitsani ophunzira kuwerenga molondola ndi mofulumira.

Ntchito 5.7.2

(Mphindi 13)

Kupeza mayina

Tsopano tipeza mayina m’ndime kuchokera m’buku lanu pa tsamba 19. Kambiranani ndi ophunzira chitsanzo ndi momwe achitire Ntchito C. Uzani ophunzira kuti alembe ntchitoyi. Yenderani ndi kuthandiza ophunzira. Mayankho: mayi, Limbikani, msika, Kanjiwa, kumsikako, ogulitsa, malonda

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira kuti apereke zitsanzo zina za mayina.

MUTU 5

Phunziro 8 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga mabuku oonjezera  afotokoza zomwe awerenga m’mabuku oonjezera Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera mabuku oonjezera

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 3)

Uzani ophunzira kuti afotokoze zomwe adawerenga m’mabuku oonjezera m’sabata zam’mbuyomu.

Ntchito 5.8.1

Kuwerenga mabuku oonjezera

(Mphindi 15)

Tsopano muwerenga mabuku oonjezera. Aliyense asankhe buku lomwe akufuna kuwerenga. Tsatirani ndondomeko yowerengera mabuku oonjezera.

Ntchito 5.8.2

(Mphindi 12)

Kufotokoza nkhani

Uzani ophunzira angapo kuti afotokoze nkhani zomwe awerenga. Kambiranani ndi ophunzira zomwe afotokoza monga makhalidwe a ampangankhani, zomwe zawasangalatsa kapena sizinawasangalatse ndi zifukwa zake.

Mathero

(Mphindi 4)

Uzani ophunzira ena kuti afotokoze nkhani zawo zogwirizana ndi zomwe awerenga. 37

MUTU 6 Khama ndi Tadala apita kumudzi

Phunziro 1

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira  amvetsera macheza  ayankha mafunso Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera nkhani ya Kusamalira zokolola

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 3)

Uzani ophunzira kuti afotokoze mbewu zosiyanasiyana zomwe akuzidziwa ndi momwe amathandizira kukolola mbewuzo.

Ntchito 6.1.1

Kuphunzitsa njira ya kalozera wa mfundo zikuluzikulu

(Mphindi 9)

Lero tiphunzira njira yogwiritsa ntchito kalozera wa mfundo zikuluzikulu. M'njirayi timayang’ana mfundo zikuluzikulu zomwe zikupezeka m’nkhani kapena m’macheza. Njirayi imatithandiza kupeza mfundo zikuluzikulu zomwe zikutambasula mutu wa nkhani kuti tithe kumvetsa bwino nkhaniyo. Mwachitsanzo, tiyeni tikambirane za kupewa ngozi za pamsewu. Kodi tingapewe bwanji ngozi za pamsewu? Lembani mfundo yaikulu yoti ‘kupewa ngozi’ pabolodi ndi kulemba mfundo zomwe ophunzira akupereka mozungulira motere. Kuyenda kumanja ukamayenda pansi

Kupewa

Powoloka msewu uyang’ane kumanja ndi kumanzere

ngozi za pamsewu

Osathamanga poolokamsewu

Kuvala zowala usiku

38

Ntchito 6.1.2

Kumvetsera nkhani

(Mphindi 13)

Tsopano tigwiritsa ntchito njira yomwe taphunzira. Ndiwerenga nkhani koyamba ndipo inu mumvetsere.Lembani mutu wankhani woti Kusamalira zokolola pabolodi.Werengani nkhaniyi kawiri. Pamene mukuwerenga kachiwiri, thandizani ophunzira kupeza mfundo zikuluzikulu. Mwachitsanzo, mukawerengandimeimodziuzani ophunzira kuti anene mfundo yaikulu m’ndimeyo. Lembani mfundoyi mu kalozera wa mfundo pabolodi.Chitanichimodzimodzindindimezotsatira. Gologolo alangiza alimi M’mudzi mwa a Bwampini mudali Sakhwi, Kapuku ndi Mende. Iwo adali alimi odziwika chifukwa amakolola zochuluka. Ngakhale zinali choncho, zokololazo zimaonongeka chifukwa samazisamalira moyenera. Iwo adaganiza zoitanitsa mlangizi wa zaulimi, Gologolo kuti awafotokozere za momwe angasamalire zokolola zawo. Gologolo atafika adapeza onse atasonkhana pabwalo la mfumu Bwampini. Atapatsidwa mwayi kuti ayankhule, iye adayankhula motere: “Zikomo amfumu pamodzi ndi nonse. Poyamba ndati ndikuyamikireni chifukwa cha khama pa ulimi. Ndikofunika kuti zokolola zanu zisamalidwe. Pali njira zakale ndi zamakono zosamalira zokolola,” adatero Gologolo. “Potsatira njira zakale, tikakolola mbewu monga nyemba ndi nandolo, timaziwomba ndi kusankha zokhwima kenaka timazisunga. Timasakaniza bwino ndi phulusa kuti nankafumbwe asaononge. Tikatero timazisunga m’mbiya, m’madengu kapena m’matumba pa malo ouma. Chimanga ndi mapira, timangoziika pansanja pomwe pansi pake pamasonkhedwa moto. Mphamvu ya utsi imathandiza kuti nankafumbwe asaononge mbewuzi,” adaonjezera motero Gologoloyo. “Potsatira njira yamakono, chimanga timachitonola. Nyemba ndi nandolo timaziomba ndi kuzisankha bwino. Pomaliza, timathira mankhwala a akiteliki kuti nankafumbwe asaononge. Kenaka, timaika m’matumba ndi kusungu pa malo ouma,” adamaliza motero Gologolo. Mfumu Bwampini adathokoza Mlangizi Gologolo chifukwa chopereka malangizo abwino pa kasamalidwe ka zokolola zawo.

Ntchito 6.1.3

(Mphindi 7)

Kuyankha mafunso

Tsopano ndikufunsani mafunso kuchokera m’nkhani yomwe mwamvetsera. Funsani mafunso otsatirawa. 1 N’chifukwa chiyani Gologolo adapita ku mudzi wa Bwampini? 2 Tchulani mbewu zomwe mungazisamale pa nsanja yofukiza ndi utsi. 3 Fotokozani kufunika kosamalira zokolola.

Mathero

(Mphindi 3)

Uzani ophunzira kuti afotokoze nkhani yomwe amvetsera.

39

MUTU 6

Phunziro 2 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  alosera zochitika m’macheza  awerenga macheza  alemba maganizo awo pa macheza omwe awerenga Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi amawu

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 4)

Uzani ophunzira kuti achite mpikisano wowerenga mawu pogwiritsa ntchito makadi a mawu.

Ntchito 6.2.1

(Mphindi 7)

Kulosera macheza

Tsopano tilosera macheza pogwiritsa ntchito njira yolosera kudzera m’chithunzi ndi mutu wa macheza. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 20. Onani momwe njirayi imagwirira ntchito m’Mutu 4.2.1.

Ntchito 6.2.2

Kuwerenga macheza

Ntchito 6.2.3

Kulemba za mtengambali

(Mphindi 10)

Tsopano tiwerenga macheza. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 20. Mvetserani pamene tikuwerenga. Itanani ophunzira awiri kutsogolo ndi kuwerenga nawo. Tsopano tiyeni tiwerengere limodzi (gawani magulu atatu). Kenaka uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge m‘magulu. Mvetserani pamene akuwerenga.

(Mphindi 10)

Sankhani mtengambali mmodzi ndi kukambirana m’magulu zomwe zakusangalatsani zokhudza mtengambaliyo. Uzani gulu lililonse kuti lilembe mfundo ziwiri.

Mathero

(Mphindi 4)

Uzani gulu lililonse kuti liwerenge mfundo zawo ndipo perekani ndamanga pa mfundozo.

40

MUTU 6

Phunziro 3 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga ndime ya macheza  alemba ziganizo mwaluso Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi amawu

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira kuti atole makadi a mawu awa: nkhumbwa, nankafumbwe, phaka, mphwephwandi kuwerenga molondola ndi mofulumira.

Ntchito 6.3.1

Kuwerenga ndime ya macheza

(Mphindi 10)

Tsopano tiwerenga ndime ya macheza molondola ndi mofulumira. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 20. Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge m’magulu. Limbiktsani ophunzira kuwerenga mosadodoma, mofulumira komanso momveka bwino.

Ntchito 6.3.2

Kulemba ziganizo mwaluso

(Mphindi 15)

Tsopano tilemba ziganizo mwaluso pogwiritsa ntchito njira yoonera ndi yotsanzira. Lembani ziganizo zotsatirazi pabolodi ophunzira akuona. Khama ndi Tadala atatsekera sukulu adapita kumudzi. Iwo adapeza agogo awo atakolola mbewu monga chimanga, nyemba, mbatata ndi soya. Uzani ophunzira kuti alembe m’makope mwawo mwaluso. Yenderani ndi kuthandiza ophunzira.

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Sankhani ntchito yomwe yalembedwa bwino, onetsani ophunzira ndipo awerenge.

MUTU 6

Phunziro 4 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga macheza  apereka matanthauzo amawu  asanja ziganizo Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera chingwe cha mawu

41

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 3)

Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge mawu kuchokera pa chingwe cha mawu.

Ntchito 6.4.1

(Mphindi 11)

Kuwerenga macheza

Tsopano tiwerenga macheza pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya kalozera wa mfundo zikuluzikulu. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 20. Werengani ndime yoyamba. Mukawerenga, imanipang’onondikufunsaophunzira kuti apeze mfundo yaikulu m’ndimeyi ndi kuilemba mu kalozera wa mfundo pa bolodi. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi ndime zotsatira.

Ntchito 6.4.2

Kupeza matanthauzo amawu

(Mphindi 5)

Tsopano tipeza matanthauzo amawu. Gwiritsani ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana. Mawuwa ndi nankafumbwe, nkhumbwa, phaka ndi mphwephwa.

Ntchito 6.4.3

(Mphindi 13)

Kusanja ziganizo

Tsopano tisanja ziganizo m'ndondomeko yoyenera. Tsekulani pa tsamba 23. Kambiranani ndi ophunzira momwe achitire Ntchito A. Uzani ophunzira kuti alembe ntchitoyi m’makope mwawo. Mayankho: Ziganizozi zisanjidwe motere. Agogo amakolola chimanga chochuluka. Iwo amasankha chimanga chikuluchikulu. Amathira mankhwala kuti nankafumbwe asaononge. Amaika chimangacho m’matumba. Matumbawo amawaika pa malo osamalika.

Mathero

(Mphindi 3)

Uzani ophunzira angapo kuti awerenge zomwe alemba.

MUTU 6

Phunziro 5 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga macheza  ayankha mafunso Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi amawu

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 4)

Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge mawu awa: nkhumbwa, nankafumbwe, phaka, mphwephwa kuchokera pa makadimolondola ndi mofulumira. 42

Ntchito 6.5.1

(Mphindi 14)

Kuwerenga macheza

Tsopano tiwerenga macheza pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya kalozera wa mfundo zikuluzikulu. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 20. Uzani ophunzira kuti awerengem’magulu. Limbikitsani ophunzira kugwiritsa ntchito njirayi.

Ntchito 6.5.2

(Mphindi 12)

Kuyankha mafunso

Tsopano muyankha mafunso kuchokera pa macheza omwe mwawerenga. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 23. Uzani ophunzira kuti ayankhe mafunso molemba. Thandizani ophunzira kuyankha mafunso moyenera.

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Uzaniophunzirakutiachitesewerolopangaziganizopogwiritsantchitomakadiamawu omwe awerenga m'machezawa.

MUTU 6

Phunziro 6 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga macheza molondola ndi mofulumira  apereka maganizo awo pa macheza omwe awerenga.  apeza mawu ofanana m’matanthauzo Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi amawu

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 4)

Uzani ophunzira kuti atole makadi okhala ndi maphatikizo awa: mbwa, phwa, nka, pha, nkhu, ka, mphwe, fu, na, mbwendi kupanga mawu osiyanasiyana monga nkhumbwa, nankafumbwe, phaka ndi mphwephwa.

Ntchito 6.6.1

(Mphindi 7)

Kuwerenga macheza

Tsopano tiwerenga macheza molondola ndi mofulumira. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 20. Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge m’magulu. Limbikitsani ophunzira kuwerenga mofulumira, mosadodoma ndi momveka bwino.

43

Ntchito 6.6.2

(Mphindi 11)

Kupereka maganizo

Tsopano mupereka maganizo anu pa macheza omwe mwawerenga. Uzani ophunzira kuti afotokoze mfundo zitatu za momwe amasamalira zokolola kwawo. Thandizani ophunzira moyenera.

Ntchito 6.6.3

Kupeza mawu ofanana m’matanthauzo

(Mphindi 10)

Tsopano tiphunzira mawu ofanana m’matanthauzo. Perekani zitsanzo monga: mtedza- nsawa, mveka-tchuka.Funsani ophunzira kuti atchule mawu ndi kupereka mawu ofanana nawo m’matanthauzo. Lembani mayankho awo pabolodi. Uzani ophunzira kuti atsekule mabuku awo pa tsamba 24. Kambiranani chitsanzo ndi momwe achitire Ntchito B. Uzani ophunzira kuti alembe ntchitoyi. Yenderani ndi kuthandiza ophunzira. Mayankho: 1phulusa 2 nyemba 3 chinangwa 4 kholowa 5 thumba

Mathero

(Mphindi 3)

Kambiranani ndi ophunzira mayankho olondola a Ntchito B ndipo akonze zomwe analakwa.

MUTU 6

Phunziro 7 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga mabuku oonjezera  asonyeza ntchito yomwe achita m’sabatayi Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera mabuku oonjezera, chipangizo choyesera

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira kuti afotokoze zomwe adawerenga m’mabuku oonjezera.

Ntchito 6.7.1

Kuwerenga mabuku oonjezera

(Mphindi25)

Tsopano muwerenga mabuku oonjezera.Aliyense asankhe buku lomwe akufuna kuwerenga. Tsatirani ndondomeko yowerengera mabuku oonjezera.

44

Ntchito 6.7.2 Pamene ophunzira akuwerenga mabuku oonjezera, sankhani ophunzira angapo ndi kuwayesa pa zina mwa zizindikiro zakakhozedwe za m’sabatayi.

Kodi wophunzira:

wakhoza bwino kwambiri

wakhoza bwino

wakhoza pang’ono

ndi wofunika chithandizo

wamvetsera nkhani? wawerenga mawu okhala ndi mphw,ph,mbw,nkh? wapereka matanthauzo a mawu? walemba ziganizo mwaluso? wawerenga macheza? wayankha mafunso? wasanja ziganizo mu ndondomeko yoyenera? wapeza mawu ofanana m’matanthauzo? wawerenga mabuku oonjezera? wafotokoza zomwe wawerenga? wapereka maganizo ake pa nkhani zomwe wawerenga?

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira kuti afotokoze zomwe awerenga. Kumbukirani kuti ophunzira abwereke mabuku kuti akawerenge ku nyumba. Lemberani mabuku onse omwe ophunzira abwereka.

45

MUTU 6

Phunziro 8 Chizindikiro chakakhozedwe Ophunzira abwereze ntchito yomwe sadachite bwino. Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi, matchati

Ntchito 6.8.1

Kubwereza ntchito yam’sabatayi

(Mphindi 35)

Sankhani ntchito yomwe ophunzira sadachite bwino m’sabatayi ndi kubwereza. Gwiritsani ntchito zipangizo ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera.

46

MUTU 7

Phunziro 1 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  amvetsera nkhani  ayankha mafunso molondola Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera nkhani ya Khansa akumana ndi dokotala

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira kuti afotokoze zomwe zimachitika ku chipatala munthu akapita kukalandira thandizo la mankhwala.

Ntchito 7.1.1

Kumvetsera nkhani

(Mphindi 15)

Tsopano timvetsera nkhani pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya kalozera wa mfundo zikuluzikulu. Onani momwe njirayi imagwirira ntchito m’Mutu 6.1.2. Khansa akumana ndi dokotala Tsiku lina dokotala amayendera odwala m’chipatala. Iye adapeza munthu wina yemwe amadwala matenda amgonagona a shuga komanso kuthamanga kwa magazi. Ali m’kati momupima, adaona Khansa atabisala. Dokotala adamufunsa Khansa chimene adali kuchita mwa wodwalayo. Kukambirana kwawo kudali kotere: Dokotala

Ukuchita chiyani mwa wodwalayu?

Khansa

Muno ndikumvamo bwino.

Dokotala

Iwe ndi anzako ena monga edzi, shuga ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi mumazunza kwa nthawi yaitali. Tulukani msanga!

Khansa Ine sindituluka muno. Dokotala

Iwetu utuluka. Ndimupatsa mankhwala wodwalayu.

Khansa

Chonde khululukireni, ndilowera kuti mukanditulutsa?

Dokotala

Palibe kukhululuka. Ndikukhaulitsani.

Adokotala adamupatsa mankhwala wodwalayo. Khansa adagwa pansi ndi kukomoka. Adokotala adaitanitsa odwala onse ndi kuwafotokozera za matenda a shuga, khansa ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi. Iwo adati, “Matendawa ndi amgonagona ndipo n’kofunika kuwapewa. Matenda monga khansa nthawi zina amadza kaamba kosuta fodya kwa nthawi yaitali. Matenda ena amgonagona ndi monga chifuwa chachikulu ndi khunyu. Choncho ndi bwino kuti tizipita msanga kuchipatala ngati tadwala. Izi zimathandiza kuti tilandire chithandizo cha matendawa mwachangu ndi moyenera.”

47

Ntchito 7.1.2

Kuyankha mafunso

(Mphindi 10)

Tsopano ndikufunsani mafunso kuchokera m’nkhani yomwe mwamvetsera. Funsani mafunso otsatirawa. 1 Tchulani ena mwa matenda amgonagona omwe atchulidwa m’nkhaniyi? 2 Fotokozani chimene chimayambitsa matenda a khansa. 3 N’chifukwa chiyani dotolo adakhaulitsa Khansa?

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira kuti afotokeze nkhani yomwe amvetsera.

MUTU 7

Phunziro 2 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  alosera nkhani  awerenga nkhani  alemba maganizo awo pa nkhani yomwe awerenga Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi amawu

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 3)

Uzani ophunzira kuti atchule ndi kufotokoza za matenda omwe adadwalapo/amawadziwa.

Ntchito 7.2.1

(Mphindi 7)

Kulosera nkhani

Tsopano tilosera nkhani kudzera m'chithunzi ndi mutu wa nkhani. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 25. Onani momwe njirayi imagwirira ntchito m’Mutu 4.2.1.

Ntchito 7.2.2

(Mphindi 13)

Kuwerenga nkhani

Tsopano tiwerenga nkhani mokweza kuchokera pa tsamba 25. Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge m’magulu, awiriwiri kapena mmodzimmodzi.

Ntchito 7.2.3

Kulemba za ampangankhani

(Mphindi 9)

Kambiranani ndi ophunzira za ampangankhani omwe awasangalatsa. Uzani ophunzira kuti alembe za mpangankhani mmodzi yemwe wawasangalatsa. Uzani ophunzira angapo kuti awerenge zomwe alemba.

Mathero

(Mphindi 3)

Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge mawu kuchokera pa makadi. 48

MUTU 7

Phunziro 3 Chizindikiro chakakhozedwe Ophunzira alemba chimangirizo Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera tchati la chimangirizo chokhudza banja(dzina, zaka zanu, mulipo angati, mumakhala kuti, kumudzi kwanu ndi kuti)

(Mphindi3)

Chiyambi Uzani ophunzira kuti atchule magawo a chimangirizo omwe adaphunzira.

Ntchito 7.3.1

Kuunikanso magawo a chimangirizo

(Mphindi9)

Tsopano tiunika magawo a chimangirizo. Pachikani tchati la chimangirizo cha chitsanzo pabolodi. Kambiranani ndi ophunzira mutu ndi mfundo zopezeka m’chimangirizocho. Uzani ophunzira kuti akhale m’magulu ndi kukambirana mfundo zokhudza banja la kwawo.

Ntchito 7.3.2

Kulemba chimangirizo

(Mphindi 20)

Tsopano mulemba chimangirizo pa mutu woti Banja la kwathu. Wophunzira aliyense alembe chimangirizo chake. Yenderani ndi kuthandiza ophunzira.

Mathero

(Mphindi 3)

Uzani ophunzira angapo kuti awerenge zomwe alemba.

MUTU 7

Phunziro 4 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga nkhani  apereka matanthauzo a mawu  alemba za ampangankhani Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera tchati la ziganizo, makadi amawu

49

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 3)

Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge mawu kuchokera pamakadi.

Ntchito 7.4.1

(Mphindi 9)

Kuwerenga nkhani

Tsopano tiwerenga nkhani pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya kalozera wa mfundo zikuluzikulu. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 25. Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge m’magulu, awiriawiri kapena mmodzimmodzi. Kambiranani ndi ophunzira mfundo zikuluzikulu m’nkhaniyi ndipo mulembe kalozera wa mfundozi pabolodi.

Ntchito 7.4.2

Kupeza matanthauzo amawu

(Mphindi 7)

Tsopano tipeza matanthauzo a mawu. Gwiritsani ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana. Mawuwa ndi shuga, mgonagona, thamanga ndi khansa.

Ntchito 7.4.3

Kulemba za ampangankhani

(Mphindi 12)

Tsopano mulemba za ampangankhani. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 28. Kambiranani ndi ophunzira chitsanzo ndi momwe achitire Ntchito A.

Mathero

(Mphindi 4)

Uzani ophunzira angapo kuti awerenge zomwe alemba.

MUTU 7

Phunziro 5 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga nkhani  ayankha mafunso Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi amawu, zitsekerero

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge mawu awa kuchokera pamakadi katswiri, luso, chipatala ndi khunyu.

50

Ntchito 7.5.1

(Mphindi 15)

Kuwerenga nkhani

Tsopano tiwerenga nkhani pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya kalozera wa mfundo zikuluzikulu. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 25. Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge mwachinunu. Limbikitsani ophunzira kugwiritsa ntchito njirayi.

Ntchito 7.5.2

(Mphindi 10)

Kuyankha mafunso

Tsopano muyankha mafunso kuchokera m’nkhani yomwe mwawerenga. Tsekulani pa tsamba 27. Uzani ophunzira kuti ayankhe mafunso molemba. Thandizani ophunzira kuyankha mafunso moyenera.

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Kambiranani ndi ophunzira mayankho a mafunso ndipo akonze zomwe analakwa.

MUTU 7

Phunziro 6 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga nkhani molondola ndi mofulumira  apereka maganizo awo pa nkhani yomwe awerenga  apeza alowam’malo Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera nkhokwe ya mawu

(Mphindi 4)

Chiyambi

Uzani ophunzira kuti atole makadi amawu kuchokera mu nkhokwe ya mawu ndi kupanga ziganizo zosiyanasiyana.

Ntchito 7.6.1

(Mphindi 7)

Kuwerenga nkhani

Tsopano tiwerenga nkhani molondola ndi mofulumira. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 25. Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge m'magulu, awiriawiri kapena mmodzimmodzi. Mvetserani pamene akuwerenga. Limbikitsani ophunzira kuwerenga mofulumira, mosadodoma ndi momveka bwino.

Ntchito 7.6.2

(Mphindi 10)

Kupereka maganizo

Tsopano tipereka maganizo athu pa nkhani yomwe tawerenga. Uzani ophunzira kuti akhale m’magulu ndipo asankhe matenda amodzi amgonagona ndi kufotokoza momwe angamusamalire munthu odwala matendawo. Yenderani ndi kuthandiza ophunzira. 51

Ntchito 7.6.3

(Mphindi 10)

Kupeza alowam'malo

Lero tiphunzira za alowam’malo. Kambiranani ndi ophunzira tanthauzo la mlowam’malo (Mlowam’malo ndi mawu amene amaimira dzina). Perekezani zitsanzo za alom’malo m’ziganizo. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 28. Kambiranani ndi ophunzira chitsanzo ndi momwe achitire Ntchito B. Uzani ophunzira kuti alembe ntchitoyi.Thandizani ophunzira. Mayankho: 1 iwo, 2 inu, 3 awo, 4inu, 5 ife.

Mathero

(Mphindi 3)

Kambiranani mayankho a Ntchito B ndipo ophunzira akonze zomwe sanachite bwino.

MUTU 7

Phunziro 7 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga mabuku oonjezera  asonyeza ntchito yomwe achita m’sabatayi Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera mabuku oonjezera, chipangizo choyesera

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira kuti afotokoze zomwe adawerenga m’mabuku oonjezera.

Ntchito 7.7.1

(Mphindi 25)

Kuwerenga mabuku oonjezera

Tsopano muwerenga mabuku oonjezera. Aliyense asankhe buku lomwe akufuna kuwerenga. Tsatirani ndondomeko yowerengera mabuku oonjezera.

Kuyesa ophunzira

Pamene ophunzira akuwerenga mabuku oonjezera, sankhani ophunzira angapo ndikuwayesa pa zina mwa zizindikiro zakakhozedwe za m’sabatayi. Kodi ophunzira: wamvetsera nkhani?

wakhoza bwino kwambiri

wawerenga mawu okhala ndi sh, ns, mg, th? wapereka matanthauzo a mawu? walemba chimangirizo? walemba za ampangankhani? 52

wakhoza bwino

wakhoza pang’ono

ndi wofunika chithandizo

wawerenga nkhani? wayankha mafunso? wapereka alowam’malo? wawerenga mabuku oonjezera? wafotokoza zomwe wawerenga m’mabuku oonjezera? wapereka maganizo ake pa nkhani yomwe wawerenga m'mabuku oonjezera?

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira kuti afotokoze zomwe awerenga. Kumbukirani kuti ophunzira abwereke mabuku okawerenga kunyumba. Chitani kalembera wa mabuku onse omwe abwerekedwa.

MUTU 7

Phunziro 8 Chizindikiro chakakhozedwe Ophunzira abwereza ntchito yomwe sadachite bwino Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi a mawu, matchati a ziganizo

Ntchito 7.8.1

Kubwereza ntchito yam’sabatayi

(Mphindi 35)

Sankhani ntchito yomwe ophunzira sadachite bwino m’sabatayi ndi kubwereza. Gwiritsani ntchito zipangizo ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera.

53

MUTU 8 Kufunika kobzala mitengo

Phunziro 1

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  amvetsera nkhani  ayankha mafunso molondola Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera nkhani ya Kufunika kobzala mitengo

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Funsani mafunso pa kufunika kobzala mitengo.

Ntchito 8.1.1

Kuphunzitsa njira yolosera mathero a nkhani

(Mphindi 5)

Tsopano tiphunzira njira yolosera mathero a nkhani. M'njirayi timawerenga ndime imodzi ya nkhani ndi kuima pang'ono ndi kufunsa funso monga: Kodi nkhaniyi itha bwanji malinga ndi ndime yomwe tawerenga? Njirayi imatithandiza kuti tikhale ndi chithunzithunzi cha momwe nkhani ithere. Izi zimabweretsa chidwi powerenga kapena pomvetsera. Dziwani kuti mukamaonjezera ndime, ophunzira atha kulosera mathero osiyanasiyana.

54

Ntchito 8.1.2

(Mphindi 15)

Kumvetsera nkhani

Tsopano tigwiritsa ntchito njira yomwe taphunzira. Ndiwerenga nkhani ndipo inu mumvetsere. Sonyezani momwe njirayi imagwirira ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, tchulani mutu wa nkhani. Werengani ndime imodzi. Mukawerenga ndimeyi, imani pang’ono ndi kufunsa funso monga ili: Kodi mukuganiza kuti nkhaniyi ipitirira/itha bwanji? Uzani ophunzira kuti afotokoze zomwe akuganiza. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi ndime zotsatira. Kufunika kobzala mitengo Tsiku lina mayi ake a Anganile amabzala mbande za mitengo mozungulira nyumba yawo. Mwana wawo amachita chidwi ndi ntchitoyi ndipo adawafunsa motere. Anganile

Kodi amayi mukubzala mitengo yanji?

Amayi

Zimenezi ndi mbande za mtengo wamango.

Anganile

Kodi tizidzadya zipatso zake ikadzakula mitengoyi?

Amayi

Inde. Komanso, mitengoyi idzateteza denga la nyumba yathuyi kuti lisasasuke.

Atatha kubzalako, mayiwo adatenga mbande za m’bawa ndi msangu mu ndowa ndi khasu paphewa. Adapitiriza kucheza kwawo motere. Anganile

Mbande zinazi mukukabzala kuti?

Amayi

Zimenezi ndikukabzala kumunda. Mbandezi ndi za msangu ndi m’bawa.

Anganile

N’chifukwa chiyani mukukabzala mbandezi kumunda.

Amayi

Msangu umabwezeretsa chonde m’nthaka pamene m’bawa umasunga madzi ndi kuteteza nthaka kuti isakokoloke.

Atatha kukambiranako, amayi ake a Anganile adapita kumunda kukabzala msangu. Iwo adabzalanso m’bawa m’mbali mwa mtsinje omwe udali kumundako.

Ntchito 8.1.3

(Mphindi 7)

Kuyankha mafunso

Tsopano ndikufunsani mafunso kuchokera m’nkhani yomwe mwamvetsera. Funsani mafunso otsatirawa. 1 Fotokozani kufunika kwa mitengo. 2 Kodi tingasamalire bwanji mitengo yomwe tangobzala kumene? 3 Fotokozani mavuto omwe amadza chifukwa cha kusowa kwa mitengo.

Mathero

(Mphindi 3)

Uzani ophunzira kuti afotokoze m’mawu awo nkhani yomwe amvetsera.

55

MUTU 8

Phunziro 2 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  alosera nkhani  awerenga nkhani  alemba maganizo awo pa nkhani yomwe awerenga Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera mitengo ya pa sukulu yanu

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 4)

Pitani panja pa kalasi ndi ophunzira ndi kukakambirana momwe mumasamalira mitengo yomwe ili pasukulu panu.

Ntchito 8.2.1

(Mphindi 7)

Kulosera nkhani

Tsopano tilosera nkhani kudzera mu chithunzi ndi mutu wa nkhani. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 30. Onani momwe njirayi imagwirira ntchito m’Mutu 4.2.1.

Ntchito 8.2.2

(Mphindi 10)

Kuwerenga nkhani

Tsopano tiwerenga nkhani mokweza. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 30. Poyamba ndiwerenga ndekha, kenaka tiwerenga limodzi, pomaliza muwerenge nokha. Mvetserani. Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge m’magulu, awiriwiri kapena mmodzimmodzi.

Ntchito 8.2.3

Kulemba za malo ndi nthawi

(Mphindi 9)

Uzani ophunzira kuti alembe za malo ndi nthawi yochitikira nkhani ya Kufunika kobzala mitengo. Thandizani ophunzira.

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge zomwe alemba ndipo ombani mkota.

56

MUTU 8

Phunziro 3 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  apereka tanthauzo la kalata  anena zifukwa zolembera kalata Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera kalata yomwe ili mu envelopu, tchati la kalata

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira kuti atchule njira zosiyanasiyana zotumizira mauthenga.

Ntchito 8.3.1

Kupereka tanthauzo la kalata

(Mphindi 10)

Tsopano tiphunzira za kalata. Afunseni ophunzira ngati adalandirapo kalata, adawalemberandani, adalembamo zotani. Kambiranani ndi ophunzira tanthauzo la kalata pogwiritsa ntchito kalata ya mu emvulopu ndi ya patchati. Kalata ndi njira imodzi yolumikizana ndi munthu yemwe ali kutali. Kulumikizanaku kumachitika potumiza uthenga kudzera papepala.

Ntchito 8.3.2

Kufotokoza zifukwa zolembera kalata

(Mphindi 15)

Tsopano tikambirana zifukwa zolembera kalata. Kodi anthu amalemba kalata chifukwa chiyani? Uzani ophunzira kuti akhale m’magulundi kukambirana. Ophunzira apereke zomwe akambirana m’magulu mwawo ndipo muzilembe pabolodi. Kambiranani mayankho monga kupempha, kupepesa, kuthokoza, kudziwitsa.

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira kuti afotokoze cholinga chimodzi chimene iwo angalembere kalata.

57

MUTU 8

Phunziro 4 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga nkhani  apereka matanthauzo amawu  alemba zotsatira zomwe zimadza chifukwa chosowamitengo Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi a mawu

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 4)

Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge mawu awa: mgwere, m’mphepete, mbande, bzala ndi tayale molondola ndi mofulumira kuchokera pamakadi.

Ntchito 8.4.1

(Mphindi 10)

Kuwerenga nkhani

Tsopano tiwerenga nkhani kuchokera m’buku lanu pogwiritsa ntchito njira yolosera mathero a nkhani. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 30. Poyamba ndiwerenga ndekha. Sonyezani momwe njirayi imagwirira ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, werengani ndime imodzi. Mukawerenga ndimeyi, imani pang’ono ndi kufunsa funso monga ili: Kodi mukuganiza kuti nkhaniyi ipitirira/itha bwanji? Funsaniophunzirakutiafotokozezomweakuganiza. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi ndime zotsatira. Ophunzira awerenge m’magulu, awiriawiri kapena mmodzimmodzi. Limbikitsani ophunzira kugwiritsa ntchito njirayi.

Ntchito 8.4.2

(Mphindi 7)

Kupereka matanthauzo amawu

Tsopano tipereka matanthauzo a mawu. Gwiritsani ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana. Mawuwa ndimgwere, m’mphepete, mbande, tayalendibzala.

Ntchito 8.4.3

Kulemba zotsatira zomwe zimadza chifukwa chosowa mitengo

(Mphindi 10)

Tsopano mulemba zotsatira zomwe zimadza chifukwa chosowa mitengo. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 33. Kambiranani ndi ophunzira chitsanzo ndi momwe achitire Ntchito A. Uzani ophunzira kuti alembe ntchitoyi m’makope mwawo. Mayankho: 1 ophunzira amasowa mthunzi 2 sukulu imavutika ndi mphepo ya mkuntho 3 pasukulupa pamasowa mphepo yabwino

Mathero

(Mphindi 4)

Kambiranani ndi ophunzira mayankho a ntchitoyi ndipo akonze zomwe sanachite bwino.

58

MUTU 8

Phunziro 5 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga nkhani  ayankha mafunso Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera mtengo wa mawu/ makadi a mawu

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge mawu awa: bzala, mgwere, m’mphepetendimbande kuchokera pa mtengo wa mawu.

Ntchito 8.5.1

(Mphindi 15)

Kuwerenga nkhani

Tsopano tiwerenga nkhani pogwiritsa ntchito njira yolosera mathero a nkhani. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 30.Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge mwachinunu. Limbikitsani ophunzira kugwiritsa ntchito njirayi.

Ntchito 8.5.2

(Mphindi 10)

Kuyankha mafunso

Tsopano muyankha mafunso kuchokera pa nkhani yomwe mwawerenga. Tsekulani pa tsamba32. Uzani ophunzira kuti ayankhe mafunso molemba. Thandizani ophunzira kuyankha mafunso moyenera.

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira kuti achite masewera opanga ziganizo pogwiritsa ntchito makadi amawu.

MUTU 8

Phunziro 6 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga nkhani molondola ndi mofulumira  apereka maganizo awo pa nkhani yomwe awerenga  apeza afotokozi Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera Matchati kapena makadi amawu

59

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 4)

Uzani ophunzira kuti atole makadi a mawu awa: bzala, mbande, m’mphepetendimgwere ndi kupanga ziganizo.

Ntchito 8.6.1

(Mphindi 7)

Kuwerenga nkhani

Tsopano tiwerenga nkhani molondola ndi mofulumira. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 30. Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge m'magulu, awiriawiri kapena mmodzimmodzi. Mvetserani pamene akuwerenga. Limbikitsani ophunzira kuwerenga mofulumira, mosadodoma ndi momveka bwino.

Ntchito 8.6.2

(Mphindi 11)

Kupereka maganizo

Tsopano mupereka maganizo anu pa nkhani yomwe mwawerenga. Uzani ophunzira kuti afotokoze mfundo zitatu za momwe angasamalire mitengo. Thandizani ophunzira moyenera.

Ntchito 8.6.3

(Mphindi 15)

Kupeza afotokozi

Tsopano tiphunzira za afotokozi. Kambiranani ndi ophunzira tanthauzo la mfotokozi. Mfotokozi ndi mawu amene amanena za dzina kapena mlowam’malo. Perekani zitsanzo za afotokozi m’ziganizo. Uzani ophunzira kuti apereke zitsanzo zina za afotokozi m’ziganizo. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 33. Kambiranani chitsanzo ndi momwe achitire Ntchito B.Uzani ophunzira kuti alembe ntchitoyi. Yenderani ndi kuthandiza ophunzira. Mayankho: 1 wokongola 2 akupsa 3 yambiri 4 yobiriwira 5 olimbikira

Mathero

(Mphindi 3)

Uzani ophunzira angapo kuti apange ziganizo pogwiritsa ntchito afotokozi awa: yambiri wamtali, wanzeru ndi wamphamvu.

MUTU 8

Phunziro 7 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga mabuku oonjezera  asonyeza ntchito yomwe achita m’sabatayi Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera mabuku oonjezera, chipangizo choyesera

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira kuti afotokoze zomwe adawerenga m’mabuku oonjezera. 60

Ntchito 8.7.1

(Mphindi 25)

Kuwerenga mabuku oonjezera

Tsopano muwerenga mabuku oonjezera. Aliyense asankhe buku lomwe akufuna kuwerenga. Tsatirani ndondomeko yowerengera mabuku oonjezera.

Kuyesa ophunzira Pamene ophunzira akuwerenga mabuku oonjezera, sankhani ophunzira angapo ndi kuwayesa pa zina mwa zizindikiro zakakhozedwe za m’sabatayi.

Kodi wophunzira:

wakhoza bwino kwambiri

wakhoza bwino

wakhoza pang’ono

ndi wofunika chithandizo

wamvetsera nkhani? wawerenga mawu okhala ndi bz, mb, mgw, m’mph? wapereka matanthauzo a mawu? wapereka tanthauzo la kalata? wawerenga nkhani? wayankha mafunso? walemba zotsatira zomwe zimadza chifukwa chosowa mitengo? wapeza afotokozi? wawerenga mabuku oonjezera? wafotokoza zomwe wawerenga m’mabuku oonjezera? wapereka maganizo ake pankhani yomwe wawerenga m’mabuku oonjezera?

(Mphindi 5)

Mathero

Uzani ophunzira kuti afotokoze zomwe awerenga. Kumbukirani kuti ophunzira abwereke mabuku okawerenge ku nyumba. Chitani kalembera wa mabuku onse omwe abwerekedwa.

61

MUTU 8

Phunziro 8 Chizindikiro chakakhozedwe Ophunzira abwereza ntchito yomwe sadachite bwino m’sabatayi Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi a mawu, tchati la ziganizo

Ntchito 8.8.1

Kubwereza ntchito yam’sabatayi

(Mphindi 35)

Sankhani ntchito yomwe ophunzira sadachite bwino m’sabatayi ndi kubwereza. Gwiritsani ntchito zipangizo ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera zosiyanasiyana.

62

MUTU 9

Phunziro 1 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  amvetsera nkhani  ayankha mafunso Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera nkhaniya Ubwenzi wa Nkhwali ndi Njoka

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira kuti afotokoze kuti alosere zomwe amvetsere pankhani ya Ubwenzi wa Nkhwali ndi Njoka . Ntchito 9.1.1

(Mphindi 15)

Kumvetseramacheza

Tsopano timvetsera nkhani pogwiritsa ntchito njira younika mtengambali m’macheza. Onani momwe njirayi imagwirira ntchito m’Mutu 4.1.1 .Ndiwerenga macheza ndipo inu mumvetsere. Werengani ndime imodzi ya macheza ndi kufunsa ophunzira kuti apeze omwe akutenga mbali m’ndimeyo. Aperekenso zomwe akuyankhula ndi zifukwa zake. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi ndime zotsatira. Ubwenzi wa Nkhwali ndi Njoka Kalekale Nkhwali ndi Njoka adali pa ubwenzi wa ponda apa nane mpondepo. Onse ankakhala m’nkhalango ya Khuluvi yomwe idali yowirira kwambiri. Tsiku lina m’nkhalangomo mudabuka moto olusa. Awiriwa adagwirizana kuti athawe poopa motowo. Njoka

Mnzanga, ine zindivuta, ndilephera kuthawa, chifukwa chamayendedwe angawa. Chonde ndithandizeko.

Nkhwali

Chabwino. Nanga ndingakuthandize bwanji?

Njoka

Ndimaganiza kuti ndidzikulunge m’khosi mwakomu.

Nkhwali

Dzikulunge mwamsanga tithawe.

Njoka

Ndiwedi bwenzi lenileni.

Njoka adadzikulunga m’khosi mwa mnzakeyo. Nkhwali adaulukira kunkhalango ina yoyandikira. Iye adatera pansi ndipo adapempha Njoka kuti achoke m’khosimo. Njoka adakanitsitsa. Mkangano udabuka pakati pa awiriwo. Mwamwayi, kudatulukira Nkhwazi. Nkhwazi

Kodi mukukangana chiyani?

Nkhwali

Mnzangayu ndamupulumutsa ku moto koma akukana kuchoka m’khosi mwangamu.

Nkhwazi

Iwe Njoka, choka m’khosi mwa m’bale wangayu msanga! Ndingakuonetse zakuda.

Njoka adachita mantha ndi ukali wa Nkhwaziyo. Iye adachoka m’khosimo mwamsanga ndi kuthawa.

63

Ntchito 9.1.2

Kuyankha mafunso

(Mphindi 10)

Tsopano ndikufunsani mafunso pankhani yomwe mwamvetsera. Funsani mafunso otsatirawa.

Nkhwazi

Iwe Njoka, choka m’khosi mwa m’bale wangayu msanga! Ndingakuonetse zakuda.

Njoka adachita mantha ndi ukali wa Nkhwaziyo. Iye adachoka m’khosimo mwamsanga ndi kuthawa.

Ntchito 9.1.1 9.1.2

(Mphindi 15) 10)

Kumvetseramacheza Kuyankha mafunso

Tsopano nkhani pogwiritsa ntchitoyomwe njira younika mtengambali m’macheza. Onani Tsopanotimvetsera ndikufunsani mafunso pankhani mwamvetsera. Funsani mafunso momwe njirayi imagwirira ntchito m’Mutu 4.1.1 .Ndiwerenga macheza ndipo inu mumvetsere. otsatirawa. Werengani ndimechiyani imodzi ya macheza ndi kufunsa ophunzira 1 N’chifukwa tiyenera kupewa kuotcha tchire?kuti apeze omwe akutenga mbali m’ndimeyo. Aperekenso zomwe ndi adaonetsa zifukwa zake. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi ndime 2 Fotokozani khalidwe loipaakuyankhula lomwe Njoka kwa bwenzi lake Nkhwali. zotsatira. 3 Kodi mukuganiza kuti ubwenzi wa Njoka ndi Nkhwali udapitirira, chifukwa chiyani? Ubwenzi wa Nkhwali ndi Njoka Kalekale (Mphindi 5) MatheroNkhwali ndi Njoka adali pa ubwenzi wa ponda apa nane mpondepo. Onse ankakhala m’nkhalango ya Khuluvi yomwe idali yowirira kwambiri. Tsiku lina m’nkhalangomo mudabuka moto Awiriwa kuti athawe poopa motowo. Uzaniolusa. ophunzira kutiadagwirizana afotokoze zomwe zawasangalatsa m’nkhaniyi. Njoka Nkhwali

Mnzanga, ine zindivuta, ndilephera kuthawa, chifukwa chamayendedwe angawa. Chonde ndithandizeko. 64 Chabwino. Nanga ndingakuthandize bwanji?

Njoka

Ndimaganiza kuti ndidzikulunge m’khosi mwakomu.

Nkhwali

Dzikulunge mwamsanga tithawe.

Njoka

Ndiwedi bwenzi lenileni.

Njoka adadzikulunga m’khosi mwa mnzakeyo. Nkhwali adaulukira kunkhalango ina yoyandikira. Iye adatera pansi ndipo adapempha Njoka kuti achoke m’khosimo. Njoka adakanitsitsa. Mkangano udabuka pakati pa awiriwo. Mwamwayi, kudatulukira Nkhwazi. Nkhwazi

Kodi mukukangana chiyani?

Nkhwali

Mnzangayu ndamupulumutsa ku moto koma akukana kuchoka m’khosi mwangamu.

Nkhwazi

Iwe Njoka, choka m’khosi mwa m’bale wangayu msanga! Ndingakuonetse zakuda.

Njoka adachita mantha ndi ukali wa Nkhwaziyo. Iye adachoka m’khosimo mwamsanga ndi kuthawa.

Ntchito 9.1.2

(Mphindi 10)

Kuyankha mafunso

Tsopano ndikufunsani mafunso pankhani yomwe mwamvetsera. Funsani mafunso otsatirawa. 1 N’chifukwa chiyani tiyenera kupewa kuotcha tchire? 2 Fotokozani khalidwe loipa lomwe Njoka adaonetsa kwa bwenzi lake Nkhwali. 3 Kodi mukuganiza kuti ubwenzi wa Njoka ndi Nkhwali udapitirira, chifukwa chiyani? Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira kuti afotokoze zomwe zawasangalatsa m’nkhaniyi.

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MUTU 9

Phunziro 2 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  alosera ndakatulo  awerenga ndakatulo  alemba maganizo awo pa ndakatulo yomwe awerenga Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi amawu

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 4)

Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge mawu molondola ndi mofulumira kuchokera pa makadi. Mawuwa ndi awa: chipalamba, mpweya, chinyontho, njala ndi ng'amba.

Ntchito 9.2.1

(Mphindi 8)

Kulosera ndakatulo

Tsopano tilosera zomwe ndakatulo ikunena pogwiritsa ntchito chithunzi ndi mutu wa ndakatulo. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 35. Tsatirani ndondomeko yophunzitsira kulosera ndakatulo.

Ntchito 9.2.2 Kuwerenga ndakatulo

(Mphindi 10)

Tsopano tiwerenga ndakatulo. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 35. Mvetserani pamene ndikuwerenga. Tiyeni tiwerengere limodzi. Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge m’magulu, awiriawiri kapena mmodzimmodzi. Mvetserani pamene akuwerenga ndikuthandiza ophunzira.

Ntchito 9.2.3

Kulemba za woyankhula

(Mphindi 9)

Sankhani ndime imodzi ndipo kambiranani ndi ophunzira za woyankhula m’ndimeyi. Uzani ophunzira kuti alembe zomwe zawasangalatsa kapena sizinawasangalatse za woyankhulayo.

(Mphindi 4)

Mathero Uzani ophunzira angapo kuti awerenge zomwe alemba ndipo ombani mkota.

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MUTU 9

Phunziro 3 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  afotokoza kayalidwe ka kalata  apereka kusiyana kwa kalata ndi chimangirizo Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera tchati la kalata, tchati la chimangirizo

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira kuti apereke zifukwa zolembera kalata.

Ntchito 9.3.1

Kufotokoza kayalidwe ka kalata

(Mphindi 15)

Tsopano tiphunzira kayalidwe ka kalata. Pachikani tchati lomwe mwalembapo kalata. Kambiranani ndi ophunzira magawo a kalata kuchokera patchatipo. Muonetsetse kuti ophunzira atchula zinthu monga keyala, tsiku, mawu olonjera (malonje), thunthu, mawu otsiriza ndi dzina la wolemba.

Ntchito 9.3.2

Kusiyanitsa kalata ndi chimangirizo

(Mphindi 10)

Tsopano tikambirana kusiyana kwa kalata ndi chimangirizo. Pachikani matchati a chimangirizo ndi kalata. Uzani ophunzira kuti akambirane kusiyana kwa ziwirizi. Ena mwa mayankho ndi monga: Chimangirizo chimakhala ndi mutu pamene kalata ayi; kalata imakhala ndi keyala, tsiku, malonje, mawu otsiriza ndi dzina la wolemba pomwe chimangirizo sichikhala nazo. Mu kalata anthu amakhala ngati akuyankhulana pomwe mu chimangirizo mumangokhala kufotokoza.

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira angapo kuti apereke kusiyana kwa kalata ndi chimangirizo.

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MUTU 9

Phunziro 4 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga ndakatulo  apereka matanthauzo amawu  apeza mawu ofanana m’matanthauzo Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi amawu

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 3)

Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge mawu awa: chipalamba, mpweya, njala, ng'amba, chinyonthondidzikokuchokera pamakadi.

Ntchito 9.4.1

(Mphindi 10)

Kuwerenga ndakatulo

Tsopano tiwerenga ndakatulo pogwiritsa ntchito njira younika woyankhula. Onani momwe njirayi imagwirira ntchito m’Mutu4.1.1. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 35. Werengani ndakatuloyi potsatira kamvekedwe ka ndakatulo. Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge m’magulu, awiriawiri kapena mmodzimmodzi. Uzani ophunzira kuti apeze omwe akuyankhula m’ndakatuloyi. Aperekenso zomwe akuyankhula ndi zifukwa zake.

Ntchito 9.4.2

(Mphindi 7)

Kupereka matanthauzo amawu

Tsopano tipereka matanthauzo amawu. Gwiritsani ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana. Mawuwa ndichipalamba, njala, ng'amba ndi chinyontho.

Ntchito 9.4.3

Kupereka mawu ofanana m’matanthauzo

(Mphindi 10)

Tsopano tipereka mawu ofanana m’matanthauzo. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 37. Kambiranani ndi ophunzira chitsanzo ndi momwe achitire Ntchito A. Uzani ophunzira kuti alembe ntchitoyi. Thandizani ophunzira. Mayankho: 1chinyezi 2 leka 3 thengo 4 theratu 5vutitsa

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Kambiranani ndi ophunzira mayankho a Ntchito A ndipo akonze zomwe sanachite bwino. Uzani ophunzira kuti akaloweze ndakatulo kwawo.

67

MUTU 9

Phunziro 5 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga ndakatulo  alakatula ndakatulo  ayankha mafunso Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera nkhokwe ya mawu

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 3)

Uzani ophunzira kuti atole mawu awa: chipalamba, njala, mpweya, chinyontho, ng'amba ndi dzikokuchokera m’nkhokwe ya mawu ndi kuwerenga.

Ntchito 9.5.1

(Mphindi 7)

Kuwerenga ndakatulo

Tsopano tiwerenga ndakatulo.Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 35. Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge mwachinunu. Limbikitsani ophunzira kuloweza ndakatuloyi.

Ntchito 9.5.2

(Mphindi 9)

Kulakatula ndakatulo

Tsopano tilakatula ndakatulo. Sonyezani kulakatula ndime imodzi potsatira kamvekedwe ka ndakatulo. Uzani ophunzira kuti alakatule m’magulu.Limbikitsani ophunzira kulakatula ndakatuloyi moyenera.

Ntchito 9.5.3

(Mphindi 12)

Kuyankha mafunso

Tsopano muyankha mafunso kuchokera pa ndakatulo yomwe mwawerenga. Tsekulani pa tsamba36. Uzani ophunzira kuti ayankhe mafunso molemba. Thandizani ophunzira.

Mathero

(Mphindi 4)

Kambiranani ndi ophunzira mayankho olondola a mafunso ndipo akonze zomwe analakwa.

68

MUTU 9

Phunziro 6 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga ndakatulo molondola ndi mofulumira  apereka maganizo awo pa ndakatulo yomwe awerenga  apeza aneni Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzira ndi zoyesera makadi amawu/nkhokwe ya mawu

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 3)

Uzani ophunzira kuti atole makadi a mawu awa: chipalamba, mpweya, chinyontho, dziko, njala, ng'ambandi kupanga ziganizo.

Ntchito 9.6.1

(Mphindi 7)

Kuwerenga ndakatulo

Tsopano tiwerenga ndakatulo potsatira kamvekedwe kake. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 35. Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge m’magulu, awiriawiri kapena mmodzimmodzi.

Ntchito 9.6.2

(Mphindi 10)

Kupereka maganizo

Tsopano mupereka maganizo anu pa ndakatulo yomwe mwawerenga. Uzani ophunzira kuti afotokoze momwe angatetezere dziko kuti lisachite chipalamba.Thandizani ophunzira.

Ntchito 9.6.3

(Mphindi 12)

Kupeza aneni

Tsopano tiphunzira za aneni. Lembani chiganizo ichi pabolodi: Amfumu amalangiza anthu za chitukuko. Uzani ophunzira kuti atchule mawu wosonyeza ntchito m’chiganizochi. Kambiranani ndi ophunzira tanthauzo la mneni pogwiritsa ntchito chiganizochi. Mneni ndi mawu osonyeza ntchito. Uzani ophunzira kuti apereke zitsanzo zawo.Ophunzira atsekule pa tsamba 38.Kambiranani chitsanzo ndi momwe achitire Ntchito B. Uzani ophunzira kuti alembe ntchitoyi. Thandizani ophunzira. Mayankho: 1 lachita 2 asamadule 3 zidathawa 4 yasintha 5 tigwirane

Mathero

(Mphindi 3)

Kambiranani ndi ophunzira mayankho a ntchito yomwe alemba ndikuwathandiza kuti akonze zomwe analakwa.

69

MUTU 9

Phunziro 7 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga mabuku oonjezera  asonyeza ntchito yomwe achita m’sabatayi Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera mabuku oonjezera, chipangizo choyesera

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira kuti afotokoze zomwe adawerenga m’mabuku oonjezera.

Ntchito 9.7.1

(Mphindi 25)

Kuwerenga mabuku oonjezera

Tsopano muwerenga mabuku oonjezera. Aliyense asankhe buku lomwe akufuna kuwerenga. Tsatirani ndondomeko yowerengera mabuku oonjezera.

Ntchito 9.7.2

Kuyesa ophunzira

Pamene ophunzira akuwerenga mabuku oonjezera, sankhani ophunzira angapo ndikuwayesa pa zina mwa zizindikiro zakakhozedwe za m’sabatayi. Kodi wophunzira:

wakhoza bwino kwambiri

wamvetsera ndakatulo? wawerenga mawu okhala ndi nth, ch, ng’? wasiyanitsa kalata ndi chimangirizo? wawerenga ndakatulo? wapeza mawu ofanana m’matanthauzo? wayankha mafunso? wapeza aneni m'ziganizo? wawerenga mabuku oonjezera? wafotokoza zomwe wawerenga m’mabuku oonjezera? wapereka maganizo ake pankhani yomwe wawerenga?

70

wakhoza bwino

wakhoza pang’ono

ndi wofunika chithandizo

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira kuti afotokoze zomwe awerenga. Kumbukirani kuti ophunzira abwereke mabuku kuti akawerenge kunyumba. Chitani kalembera wa mabuku onse omwe ophunzira abwereka.

MUTU 9

Phunziro 8 Chizindikiro chakakhozedwe Ophunzira abwereza ntchito yomwe sadachite bwino m’sabatayi Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi amawu, tchati la ziganizo

Ntchito 9.8.1

Kubwereza ntchito yam’sabatayi

(Mphindi 35)

Sankhani ntchito yomwe ophunzira sadachite bwino m’sabatayi ndi kubwereza. Gwiritsani ntchito zipangizo ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera.

71

MUTU 10

Kubwereza ndi kuyesaPhunziro 1 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  amvetsera nkhani  ayankha mafunso  afotokoza nkhani Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira,zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi a mawu

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira kuti atole makadi amawu okhala ndimbw, ng’, mgw, bz, mpwndikh ndi kuwerenga.

Ntchito 10.1.1

Kumvetsera nkhani

Ntchito 10.1.2

Kuyankha mafunso

(Mphindi 15)

Sankhani nkhani iliyonse yomwe mudaphunzitsa m’mitu 6 mpaka 9. Tsopano mumvetsera nkhani pogwiritsa ntchito njira yolosera mathero a nkhani. Onani momwe njirayi imagwirira ntchito m’Mutu 7.1.2.

(Mphindi 9)

Tsopano ndikufunsani mafunso pankhani yomwe mwamvetsera. Funsani mafunso okhudza mfundo zikuluzikulu, ampangankhani, malo ndi nthawi.

Ntchito 10.1.3

(Mphindi 10)

Kufotokoza nkhani

Uzani ophunzira kuti afotokoze nkhani yomwe amvetsera.

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira kuti achite mpikisano wotola makadi amawu ndi kuwerenga.

MUTU 10

Phunziro 2 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga nkhani  apereka maganizo awo pankhani yomwe awerenga  apereka mawu ofanana m’matanthauzo Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira,zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi a mgw, bz, nkh, mphw

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 4) 72

Uzani ophunzira kuti akhale m’magulu ndi kupanga mawu okhala ndi mgw, bz, nkh, mphw.

Ntchito 10.2.1

(Mphindi 12)

Kuwerenga nkhani

Sankhani nkhani imodzi yomwe mudaphunzitsa m'mutu 7 ndi8.Tsopano tiwerenga nkhani pogwiritsa ntchito njira yolosera mathero a nkhani. Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge m’magulu/awiriawiri. Limbikitsani ophunzira kugwiritsa ntchito bwino njirayi.

Ntchito 10.2.2

(Mphindi 7)

Kupereka maganizo

Tsopano mupereka maganizo anu pa zomwe mwawerenga. Kambiranani ndi ophunzira zomwe zawasangalatsa/sizinawasangalatse zokhudza mpangankhani.

Ntchito 10.2.3

Kupereka mawu ofanana m'matanthauzo

(Mphindi 7)

Tsopano tipereka mawu ofanana m'matanthauzo ndi omwe tapatsidwa. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 39. Kambiranani chitsanzo ndi momwe achitire Ntchito A. Uzani ophunzira kuti alembe ntchitoyi. Thandizani ophunzira. Mayankho: 1 khoma 2 amalume 3 nyemba 4 chitete 5 lende/zende

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira kuti apange ziganizo ndi mawu awa: mveka, mtudzu, kathyali, utchisi ndi khumba.

MUTU 10

Phunziro 3 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga ziganizo  alemba lembetso Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera mtengo wa mawu

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge mawu awa: mpira, katswiri, zikho, mgonagona,chipalamba ndi kutsogolokuchokera pa mtengo wa mawu.

Ntchito 10.3.1

(Mphindi 7)

Kuwerenga ndime

Tsopano muwerenga molondola ndi mofulumira ndime imodzi ya nkhani ya Kufunika kobzala mitengo yomwe mudawerenga m’mutu 8. Ophunzira awerenge m’magulu kapena mmodzimmodzi.

Ntchito 10.3.2

(Mphindi 18)

Kulemba lembetso 73

Tsopano mulemba lembetso. Ndiwerenga ndime ya lembetso koyamba inu mukumvetsera. Kenaka ndiwerenga kachiwiri ndipo inu muzilemba. Ndiwerenganso kachitatu kuti mukonze zolakwika. Werengani ndimeyi m’magawo omveka bwino. Kumbukirani kutchula zizindikiro zam’kalembedwe mukamalembetsa lembetso. Ndime ya lembetso ndi iyi : Patapita zaka zingapo,/ sukulu ya Tadziwa/ idali ndi mitengo/ yochuluka./ Mphepo yamkuntho/ ndi dzuwa/ zidasiya kusautsa./ Mithunzi siimasowa. Chongani ntchito ya ophunzira.

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Aonetseni ndime ya lembetso ndi kukambirana momwe akadalembera ndimeyo.

MUTU 10

Phunziro 4 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  apereka matanthauzo a mawu  awerenga nkhani  alemba za ampangankhani Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi amawu

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 3)

Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge mawu monga nankafumbwe, mphwephwa, mgonagona, katswiri, mphepete, mgwere, ng’amba ndi mpweya kuchokera pa makadi.

Ntchito 10.4.1

Kuunikanso matanthauzo amawu

(Mphindi 5)

Bwerezani kukambirana ndi ophunzira matanthauzo a mawu omwe adaphunzira m’mitu 6 mpaka 9 pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana.

Ntchito 10.4.2

(Mphindi 12)

Kuwerenga nkhani

Sankhani nkhani imodzi yomwe mwaphunzitsa m’mutu 7 ndi 8. Tsopano tiwerenga nkhani pogwiritsa ntchito njira yodzifunsa mafunso. Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge m’magulu/awiriawiri/mmodzimmodzi. Limbikitsani ophunzira kugwiritsa ntchito njirayi.

Ntchito 10.4.3

Kulembaza ampangankhani 74

(Mphindi 10)

Tsopano mulemba maganizo anu pa zomwe mwawerenga. Kambiranani ndi ophunzira za makhalidwe ampangankhani. Uzani ophunzira kuti alembe zomwe mwakambirana.

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge zomwe alemba ndipo muombe mkota.

MUTU 10

Phunziro 5 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga macheza  atsiriza zifanifani/ntchedzero Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera tchati la mawu

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira kuti achite mpikisano wokhwatcha mawu kuchokera patchati. Mawuwa ndi monga:nankafumbwe, mphwephwa, mgonagona, katswiri, mphepete, mgwere, ng’amba ndi mpweya.

Ntchito 10.5.1

(Mphindi 10)

Kuwerenga macheza

Tsopano muwerenga macheza omwe mudaphunzira pa Mutu 6 pogwiritsa ntchito njira yodzifunsa mafunso. Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge m’magulu.

Ntchito 10.5.2

(Mphindi 15)

Kutsiriza zifanifani

Tsopano mutsiriza zifanifani/ntchedzero. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 39. Kambiranani ndi ophunzira chitsanzo ndi momwe achitire Ntchito B. Uzani ophunzira kuti alembe ntchitoyi. Thandizani ophunzira. Mayankho: 1 phwetekere 2 uchi 3 mavu 4 kalulu 5 fisi

(Mphindi 5)

Mathero Kambiranani ndi ophunzira mayankho a Ntchito Bndipo akonze zomwe analakwa.

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MUTU 10

Phunziro 6 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga ndakatulo  alakatula ndakatulo Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera Zitsekerero, chimanga, nyemba kapena miyala

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira kuti afotokoze zomwe zimachititsa kusintha kwa nyengo.

Ntchito 10.6.1

Kuwerenga ndakatulo

(Mphindi 15)

Tsopano muwerenga ndakatulo molondola ndi mofulumira. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 35.Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge ndakatulo mwachinunu. Limbikitsani ophunzira kuti aloweze ndakatuloyi.

Ntchito 10.6.2

Kulakatula ndakatulo

(Mphindi 10)

Uzani ophunzira kuti alakatule ndakatulopotsata kamvekedwe ka ndakatulo.

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira kuti achite masewera opanga mawu pogwiritsa ntchito zitsekerero, chimanga, nyemba kapena miyala. Mawuwa ndi monga chipalamba, mpweya, chinyontho, zomera ndi nyengo.

MUTU 10

Phunziro 7 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga nkhani molondola ndi mofulumira  apeza aneni Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera tchati/makadi amawu

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira kuti achite mpikisano wotola makadia mawu ndi kupanga ziganizo.

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Ntchito 10.7.1

(Mphindi 8)

Kuwerenga nkhani

Sankhani nkhani imodzi yomwe mudaphunzitsa m’mitu 7ndi8. Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge m’magulu/awiriawiri/mmodzimmodzi. Limbikitsani ophunzira kuwerenga molondola, mosadodoma ndi momveka bwino.

Ntchito 10.7.2

(Mphindi 17)

Kupeza aneni

Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 40. Kambiranani ndi ophunzira chitsanzo ndi momwe achitire Ntchito C. Uzani ophunzira kuti alembe ntchitoyi. Thandizani ophunzira moyenera. Mayankho: 1 wapita 2 amalimbikira 3 bwera 4 walima 5 timalemekeza

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Kambiranani ndi ophunzira mayankho a Ntchito C ndipo akonze zomwe sanachite bwino.

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MUTU 10

Phunziro 8 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga mabuku oonjezera  afotokoza zomwe awerenga m’mabuku oonjezera Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera mabuku oonjezera

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira kuti afotokoze zomwe adawerenga m’mabuku oonjezera.

Ntchito 10.8.1

Kuwerenga mabuku oonjezera

(Mphindi 14)

Tsopano muwerenga mabuku oonjezera.Aliyense asankhe buku lomwe akufuna kuwerenga. Tsatirani ndondomeko yowerengera mabuku oonjezera.

Ntchito 10.8.2

(Mphindi 11)

Kufotokoza nkhani

Uzani ophunzira angapo kuti afotokoze nkhani zomwe awerenga.

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira angapo kuti afotokoze zomwe zawasangalatsa pankhani zomwe awerenga ndi zifukwa zake.

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MUTU 11 Kavalidwe koyenera

Phunziro 1

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  amvetsera nkhani  ayankha mafunso molondola Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera Nkhani ya Kavalidwe koyenera

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Pezani chiyambi chogwirizana ndi phunziroli.

Ntchito 11.1.1

(Mphindi 15)

Kumvetserankhani

Tsopano tigwiritsa ntchito njira yolosera mathero a nkhani. Ndiwerenga nkhani ya Kavalidwe koyenerandipo inu muvetsere. Onani momwe njirayi imagwirira ntchito m’Mutu 8.1.1. Kavalidwe koyenera Linda ndi Ganizani ankachokera m’mudzi mwa a Chokani. Iwo ankaphunzira pasukulu ya Dzunde. Nthawi zambiri aphunzitsi awo ankawalangiza za kavalidwe koyenera. Iwo ankawauza kuti azivala yunifomu masiku onse kupatulako lachitatu. Sabata ina tsiku lachitatu, Linda adavala diresi lalifupi komanso loonekera m’kati. Ganizani naye adavala kabudula wake motsetseretsa. Atafika kusukulu, Chifuniro yemwe adali mtsogoleri wa ophunzira pasukuluyo, adawaona. Mosataya nthawi Chifuniro adakawaneneza kwa aphunzitsi awo, Mayi Jere. Aphunzitsiwo atamva zimenezi, adawaitanitsa onse ndi kuwadzudzula. Adawalimbikitsa kuti ayenera kumavala mosatsetseretsa kabudula ndi kupisira. Atsikana azivala zovala zazitali bwino komanso zosaonekera mkati. “Taonani aphunzitsi aamunawo ndi ine mmene tavalira. Uku ndiko kuvala koyenera,” adamaliza motere Mayi Jere.

Ntchito 11.1.2

(Mphindi 5)

Kuyankha mafunso

Tsopano ndikufunsani mafunso pankhani yomwe mwamvetsera. Funsani mafunso otsatirawa. 1 Kodi aphunzitsi a pasukulu ya Dzunde amawalangiza zotani ophunzira awo? 2 Kodi kutsetseretsa kabudula ndi kuvala diresi lalifupi komanso loonekera mkati ndi kwabwino? Fotokozani chifukwa chake. 3 Kodi mukuganiza kuti Ganizani ndi Linda atalangizidwa ndi aphunzitsi awo adatani?

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira kuti asankhe mpangankhani yemwe wawasangalatsa ndipo afotokoze zifukwa zake.

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MUTU 11

Phunziro 2 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  alosera macheza  awerenga macheza  alemba maganizo awo pa macheza omwe awerenga Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi/tchati la mawu

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 3)

Uzani ophunzira kuti atchule zovala zoyenera za amuna ndi akazi mogwirizana ndi chikhalidwe chathu.

Ntchito 11.2.1

(Mphindi 7)

Kulosera macheza

Tsopano tilosera macheza kudzera m’chithunzi ndi mutu wa nkhani. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 38. Tsatirani ndondomeko yolosera macheza.

Ntchito 11.2.2

(Mphindi 8)

Kuwerenga macheza

Tsopano tiwerenga macheza. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 41. Mvetserani pamene tikuwerenga. Aphunzitsi itanani ophunzira awiri kutsogolo ndi kuwerenga nawo. Tsopano tiyeni tiwerengere limodzi (Gawani magulu atatu). Kenaka uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge m’magulu.

Ntchito 11.2.3

Kulemba za mtengambali

(Mphindi 12)

Khalani m’magulu. Gulu lililonse lisankhe mtengambali mmodzi ndi kukambirana zomwe zawasangalatsa zokhudza mtengambaliyo. Uzani ophunzira kuti alembe mfundo zawo mwachidule. Pomaliza gulu lililonse liwerenge zomwe lalemba.

Mathero

(Mphindi 3)

Kambiranani ndi ophunzira mfundo zomwe apereka.

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MUTU 11

Phunziro 3 Chizindikiro chakakhozedwe Ophunzira alemba kalata Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera tchati la kalata

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 3)

Uzani ophunzira kuti atchule magawo a kalata (keyala, tsiku, malonje, thunthu, mawu otsiriza ndi dzina la wolemba).

Ntchito 11.3.1

Kukambirana kayalidwe ka kalata

(Mphindi 7)

Tsopano tikumbutsana za kayalidwe ka kalata. Pachikani tchati la kalata ya mchezo. Kambiranani ndi ophunzira magawo akuluakulu opezeka m’kalata.

Ntchito 11.3.2

(Mphindi 20)

Kulemba kalata

Tsopano mulemba kalata ya mchezo yodziwitsa anzanu zinthu monga izi: komwe mumaphunzira, kalasi yomwe muli, dzina la aphunzitsi anu, maphunziro omwe mumawakonda. Ophunzira aliyense alembe kalata m’kope mwake. Yenderani ndi kuthandiza ophunzira.

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira angapo kuti awerenge zomwe alemba.

MUTU 11

Phunziro 4 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga nkhani  apereka matanthauzo amawu  apereka ganizopotsatira umboni wochokera mu nkhani ndi zomwe akudziwa kale Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera tchati, makadi amawu

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 3)

Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge mawu awa: makedzana, nyandandindekesha kuchokera pa makadi /tchati/bolodi.

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Ntchito 11.4.1

(Mphindi 6)

Kuwerenga macheza

Tsopano tiwerenga macheza pogwiritsa ntchito njira yolosera mathero a nkhani. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 4. Ophunzira awerenge m’magulu. Uzani ophunzira kuti alosere mathero a nkhaniyi.

Ntchito 11.4.2

Kupereka matanthauzo amawu

(Mphindi 6)

Tsopano tipereka matanthauzo amawu. Gwiritsani ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana.Mawuwa ndi makedzana, nyanda ndi ndekesha.

Ntchito 11.4.3

(Mphindi 15)

Kupereka ganizo

Tsopano mupereka ganizo lanu potsatira umboni wochokera mu nkhani ndi zomwe mukudziwa kale. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 44. Kambiranani ndi ophunzira chitsanzo ndi momwe achitire Ntchito A. Uzani ophunzira kuti alembe ntchitoyi. Yenderani ndi kuthandiza ophunzira.

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira angapo kuti awerenge zomwe alemba.

MUTU 11

Phunziro 5 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga macheza  ayankha mafunso Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi amawu

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 3)

Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge mawu kuchokera pa makadi molondola ndi mofulumira. Mawuwa ndi awa: makedzana, nyanda, adzukulu ndi ndekesha.

Ntchito 11.5.1

(Mphindi 14)

Kuwerenga macheza

Tsopano muwerenga macheza pogwiritsa ntchito njira yopereka mathero a nkhani. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 41.Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge mwachinunu.

Ntchito 11.5.2

(Mphindi 12)

Kuyankha mafunso

Tsopano muyankha mafunso kuchokera pa macheza omwe mwawerenga. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba43. Uzani ophunzira kuti ayankhe mafunso molemba. Yenderani ndi kuthandiza ophunzira kuyankha mafunso moyenera.

82

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Kambiranani ndi ophunzira mayankho a mafunso ndipo akonze zomwe analakwa.

MUTU 11



awerenga macheza

Phunziro 6 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga macheza molondola ndi mofulumira  alemba maganizo awo pa macheza omwe awerenga  apeza aneni a nthawi yatsopano Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera tchati la mawu

(Mphindi 3)

Chiyambi Uzani ophunzira kuti achite masewera okwatcha mawu kuchokera patchati.

Ntchito 11.6.1

(Mphindi 8)

Kuwerenga macheza

Tsopano tiwerenga macheza molondola ndi mofulumira. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 41. Mvetserani pamene tikuwerenga. Itanani wophunzira awiri kutsogolo ndi kuwerenga nawo. Tsopano tiyeni tiwerengere limodzi (gawani magulu atatu). Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge m’magulu. Mvetserani pamene akuwerenga.

Ntchito 11.6.2

(Mphindi 7)

Kupereka maganizo

Tsopano mupereka maganizo anu pa macheza omwe mwawerenga. Kambiranani ndi ophunzira pa za kavalidwe koyenera.

Ntchito 11.6.3

Kupeza aneni a nthawi yatsopano

(Mphindi 14)

Lero tiphunzira za aneni a nthawi yatsopano. Lembani chiganizo ichi pa bolodi: Amayi akuphika nsima. Uzani ophunzira kuti atchule mneni wa nthawi yatsopano m’chiganizochi. Kambiranani ndi ophunzira tanthauzo la mneni wa nthawi yatsopano. Mneni wa nthawi yatsopano ndi mawu amene amasonyeza kuti ntchito yachitika, ikuchitika, ichitika komanso imachitika.Ophunzira atsekule mabuku awo pa tsamba 46. Kambiranani chitsanzo ndi momwe achitire Ntchito B. Ophunzira alembe ntchitoyi. Yenderani ndi kuthandiza ophunzira. Mayankho: 1 amakhala, 2 aphika, 3 adya, 4 wafunsa, 5 amavala.

83

(Mphindi3)

Mathero Kambiranani ndi ophunzira mayankho a Ntchito B ndipo akonze zomweanalakwa.

MUTU 11

Phunziro 7 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga mabuku oonjezera  asonyeza ntchito yomwe achita m'sabatayi Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera mabuku oonjezera, chipangizo choyesera

(Mphindi 5)

Chiyambi Uzani ophunzira kuti afotokoze zomwe adawerenga m’mabuku oonjezera.

Ntchito 11.7.1

(Mphindi 25)

Kuwerenga mabuku oonjezera

Tsopano muwerenga mabuku oonjezera. Aliyense asankhe buku lomwe akufuna kuwerenga. Tsatirani ndondomeko yowerengera mabuku oonjezera.

Kodi wophunzira:

wakhoza bwino kwambiri

wamvetsera nkhani? wawerenga mawu okhala ndi dz, nd, sh? wapereka matanthauzo amawu? walemba kalata? wapereka ganizo potsatira umboni wochokera mu nkhani ndi zomwe akuzidziwa kale. wawerenga macheza? wayankha mafunso? wapeza aneni a nthawi yatsopano m’ziganizo? wawerenga mabuku oonjezera?

84

wakhoza bwino

wakhoza pang’ono

ndi wofunika chithandizo

wafotokoza zomwe wawerenga m’mabuku oonjezera? wapereka maganizo ake pankhani yomwe wawerenga m’mabuku oonjezera?

Ntchito 11.7.2

Kuyesa ophunzira

Pamene ophunzira akuwerenga mabuku oonjezera, sankhani ophunzira angapo ndi kuwayesa pa zina mwa zizindikiro za kakhozedwe zam’sabatayi.

(Mphindi 5)

Mathero

Uzani ophunzira kuti afotokoze zomwe awerenga. Kumbukirani kuti ophunzira abwereke mabuku okawerenga kunyumba. Lemberani mabuku onse omwe ophunzira abwereka.

MUTU 11 Phunziro 8 Chizindikiro chakakhozedwe Ophunzira abwereza ntchito yomwe sadachite bwino Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera tchati la ziganizo, makadi a mawu

Ntchito 11.8.1

Kubwereza ntchito yam’sabatayi

(Mphindi 35)

Sankhani ntchito yomwe ophunzira sadachite bwino m’sabatayi ndi kubwereza. Gwiritsani ntchito zipangizo ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera.

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MUTU 12

Bwana wachitsanzo

Phunziro 1

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  

amvetsera ndakatulo ayankha mafunso

Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera ndakatulo ya Ndidamuona

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira kuti alakatule ndakatulo zomwe akuzidziwa..

Ntchito 12.1.1

(Mphindi 10)

Kumvetserandakatulo

Tsopano mumvetsera ndakatulo pogwiritsa ntchito njira yolosera kudzera m’mutu wa ndakatulo. Ndiwerenga ndakatulo ndipo inu mumvetsere. Mutu wa ndakatulo ndi Ndidamuona. Uzani ophunzira kuti alosere zomwe amvetsere kuchokera pa mutu womwe watchulidwa. Werengani ndakatuloyi. Ndidamuona Ndidamuona ine mnyamata Akuphika nsima Akuithyakula mochititsa kaso Ine ndimvekere n’zothekadi Kuti mnyamata angaphike nsima? Ndinamuona ine mtsikana Akumanga khola lankhuku Akulimanga mochititsa kaso Ine ndimvekere n’zothekadi Kuti mtsikana angamange khola? Ndidamuona ine namwino Namwino wamwamuna Akuthandiza odwala m’chipatala Ine ndimvekere n’zothekadi Kuti mwamuna angakhale namwino? Ndidamuona ine msirikali Msirikali wamkazi Akuguba pelete mochititsa chidwi Ine ndatsimikiza kuti palibe kusiyana pa ntchito Pakati pa amuna ndi akazi. Kambiranani ndi ophunzira kuti muone ngati zomwe analosera zikugwirizana ndi zomwe amvetsera.

86

Ntchito 12.1.2

(Mphindi 7)

Kuyankha mafunso

Tsopano ndikufunsani mafunso pa ndakatulo yomwe mwamvetsera. Funsani mafunso otsatirawa. 1 Kodi namwino amagwira ntchito yanji? 2 Tchulani ntchito ziwiri zimene mwamuna amagwira koma zimaoneka ngati za amayi okha. 3 Kodi munthu wamkazi angayendetse ndege, tsimikizirani yankho lanu?

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira kuti afotokoze ndakatulo yomwe amvetsera.

MUTU 12

Phunziro 2 Zizindikiro Zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  alosera nkhani  awerenga nkhani  alemba maganizo awo pankhani yomwe awerenga Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera tchati la mawu

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Chitani sewero lokhwatcha mawu pogwiritsa ntchito mawu omwe mwalemba pa tchati. Mawuwa ndi monga ndekesha, nyanda, makedzana, adzukulu, nyengo, chipalamba, mgwere ndi katswiri.

Ntchito 12.2.1

(Mphindi 8)

Kulosera nkhani

Tsopano tilosera nkhani pogwiritsa ntchito chithunzi ndi mutu wa nkhani. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 47. Tiyeni tikambirane zomwe zili pa chithunzichi. Onani momwe njirayi imagwirira ntchito m’Mutu 4.2.1.

Ntchito 12.2.2

(Mphindi 12)

Kuwerenga nkhani

Tsopano tiwerenga nkhani mokweza kuchokera pa tsamba 47. Poyamba ndiwerenga ndekha, kenaka tiwerengera limodzi. Pomaliza muwerenga nokha. Mvetserani. Tiyeni tiwerenge limodzi. Tsopano werengani nokha. Ophunzira awerenge m’magulu, awiriwiri kapena mmodzimmodzi.

Ntchito 12.2.3 Kulemba za malo ochitikira nkhani

(Mphindi 5)

Kambiranani ndi ophunzira malo ochitikira nkhani ndipo ophunzira alembe.

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira angapo kuti awerenge zomwe alemba. 87

MUTU 12

Phunziro 3 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga ndime imodzi ya nkhani molondola ndi mofulumira  alemba ziganizomwaluso Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera: zitsekerero/chimanga/nyemba/miyala

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira kuti apange mawuotiomba, mwachangu, kusasiyanitsa, upangirindiphwanya pogwiritsa ntchito zitsekerero/chimanga/nyemba/miyala.

Ntchito 12.3.1

Kuwerenga ndime ya nkhani

(Mphindi 10)

Tsopano tiwerenga ndime imodzi ya nkhani molondola ndi mofulumira. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 47. Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge m’magulu/awiriawiri/mmodzimmodzi. Limbikitsani ophunzira kuwerenga mosadodoma, mofulumira komanso momveka bwino.

Ntchito 12.3.2

Kulemba ziganizo mwaluso

(Mphindi 15)

Tsopano tilemba ziganizo mwaluso. Lembani ziganizo zotsatirazi pabolodi ophunzira akuona. Wezi adali mtsikana yemwe amakhala m’dera la Kakhobwe. Iye adali wolimbikira sukulu ndi wokhulupirika pogwira ntchito zapakhomo. Iye amagwira ntchitozo mosanyinyirika ndi mwachangu. Tsopano lembani m’makope mwanu mwaluso. Yenderani ndi kuthandiza ophunzira.

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira kuti aonetse zomwe alemba ndipo awerenge

MUTU 12

Phunziro 4 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga nkhani  apereka matanthauzo a mawu  achita sewero la maudindo pa ntchito Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi a mawu

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 3)

Uzani ophunzira kuti achite masewera opanga ziganizo polumikiza makadi amawu. 88

Kuphunzitsa njira yopanga ganizo potsatira Ntchito 12.4.1 umboni womwe uli m’nkhani ndi zomwe tikudziwa kale

(Mphindi 5)

Tsopano tiphunzira njirayopanga ganizo potsatira umboni womwe uli m’nkhani ndi zomwe tikuzidziwa kale. M’njirayi timapereka maganizo athu polumikiza zimenezizikuchitika m’nkhani ndi zomwe tikuzidziwa kale. Njirayi imatithandiza kumvetsa zomwe sanazifotokoze mwachindunji m’nkhani yomwe tikuwerenga.

Ntchito 12.4.2

(Mphindi 10)

Kuwerenga nkhani

Tsopano tiwerenga nkhani pogwiritsa ntchito njira yomwe taphunzira. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 46.Sonyezani momwe njirayi imagwirira ntchito. Mwachitsanzo: yang’anani zomwe zikuchitika pachithunzi ndipo funsani mafunso awa: Kodi mukuganiza kuti pachithunzipa, bwana ndi uti? N’chifukwa chiyani mukuganiza choncho? Werengani nkhaniyo ndi kufunsa mafunso otsatirawa: Kodi Wezi adali ndi makhalidwe otani? Tikudziwa bwanji kuti kampaniyi imagulitsa nsalu zochuluka? Kambiranani ndi ophunzira mayankho a mafunsowa monga: Wezi adali wolimbikira ntchito/ wabwino... Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge m’magulu/awiriawiri/mmodzimmodi. Onetsetsani kuti ophunzira akugwiritsa ntchito njirayi pamene akuwerenga.

Ntchito 12.4.3

Kupereka matanthauzo amawu

(Mphindi 7)

Tsopano tipereka matanthauzo amawu. Gwiritsani ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana. Mawuwa ndi kusasiyanitsa, phwanya, ombandiupangiri.

Ntchito 12.4.4

Kuchita sewero la maudindo

(Mphindi 12)

Tsopano tichita sewero la maudindo a pantchito. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 48. Kambiranani ndi ophunzira za momwe achitireNtchito A. Uzani ophunzira kuti achite seweroli m’magulu mwawo. Sankhani gulu limodzi kuti lionetse seweroli ku kalasi lonse.

Mathero

(Mphindi 3)

Uzani ophunzira kuti afotokoze phunziro lomwe apeza mu sewero.

MUTU 12

Phunziro 5 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga nkhani  ayankha mafunso molondola Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera mtengo wa mawu

89

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 3)

Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge mofulumira ndi molondola mawu awa: phwanya, omba, tsankho, mosanyinyirika ndi kusasiyanitsakuchokera pa mtengo wa mawu.

Ntchito 12.5.1

(Mphindi 15)

Kuwerenga nkhani

Tsopano tiwerenga nkhani pogwiritsa ntchito njira yopanga ganizo potsatira umboni omwe uli munkhani ndi zomwe tikuzidziwa kale. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 47. Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge mwachinunu.

Ntchito 12.5.2

(Mphindi 12)

Kuyankha mafunso

Tsopano muyankha mafunso kuchokera pa nkhani yomwe mwawerenga. Tsekulani pa tsamba48. Uzani ophunzira kuti ayankhe mafunso molemba. Thandizani ophunzira kuyankha mafunso moyenera.

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Kambiranani ndi ophunzira mayankho olondola ndipo akonze zomwe analakwa.

MUTU 12

Phunziro 6 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga nkhani molondola ndi mofulumira  alemba maganizo awo pankhani yomwe awerenga  apeza mayina opanda mwinimwini m’nkhani Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi a maphatikizo, zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe zikupezeka m’kalasi

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira kuti atole makadi amaphatikizo awa: sa, ku, mwa, ni, o, si, cha, phwa, tsa, mba, ngu, yandinya ndi kupanga mawu monga awa: mwachangu, phwanya, omba ndikusasiyanitsa.

Ntchito 12.6.1

(Mphindi 7)

Kuwerenga nkhani

Tsopano tiwerenga nkhani molondola ndi mofulumira. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 47. Uzani ophunzira awerenge m'magulu/awiriawiri/mmodzimmodzi. Limbikitsani ophunzira kuwerenga mofulumira, mosadodoma ndi momveka bwino.

Ntchito 12.6.2

(Mphindi 10)

Kupereka maganizo

Tsopano mupereka maganizo anu pa nkhani yomwe mwawerenga. Kambiranani ndi ophunzira pa zomwe akufuna adzachite akadzamaliza sukulu. 90

Ntchito 12.6.3

(Mphindi 10)

Kupeza mayina opanda mwinimwini

Tsopano tipeza mayina opanda mwinimwini kuchokera m’ndime yachiwiri ya nkhani yomwe tawerenga. Uzani ophunzira kuti atchule mayina a zinthu zomwe zikupezeka m’kalasi. Fotokozerani ophunzira kuti dzina lopanda mwinimwini ndi dzina lotchulira zinthu zowanda za mtundu umodzi kapena za gulu limodzi. Ophunzira atsekule mabuku awo pa tsamba49. Kambiranani chitsanzo ndi momwe achitire Ntchito B. Ophunzira alembe ntchitoyi. Yenderani ndi kuthandiza ophunzira. Mayankho: maphunziro, ntchito, koleji, kampani, anthu, nsalu, mabwana.

Mathero

(Mphindi 3)

Kambiranani ndi ophunzira mayankho olondola ndipo akonze zomwe analakwa.

MUTU 12

Phunziro 7 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga mabuku oonjezera  asonyeza ntchito yomwe achita m’sabatayi Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera mabuku oonjezera, chipangizo choyesera

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira kuti afotokoze zomwe adawerenga m’mabuku oonjezera.

Ntchito 12.7.1

(Mphindi 25)

Kuwerenga mabuku oonjezera

Tsopano muwerenga mabuku oonjezera.Aliyense asankhe buku lomwe akufuna kuwerenga. Tsatirani ndondomeko yowerengera mabuku oonjezera. Kodi wophunzira

wakhoza bwino kwambiri

wamvetsera ndakatulo? wawerenga mawu okhala ndi ts, msw, mm, phw? walemba ziganizo mwaluso? wawerenga nkhani? wapereka matanthauzo amawu? wayankha mafunso? wachita sewero la maudindo pa ntchito? wapeza mayina m’nkhani? 91

wakhoza bwino

wakhoza pang’ono

ndi wofunika chithandizo

walemba maganizo ake pa nkhani yomwe wawerenga. wawerenga mabuku oonjezera? wafotokoza zomwe wawerenga m’mabuku oonjezera? wapereka maganizo ake pankhani ya m’mabuku oonjezera yomwe wawerenga?

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira kuti afotokoze zomwe awerenga. Kumbukirani kufunsa ophunzira kupereka maganizo awo pa nkhani zomwe awerenga. Lolani ophunzira kuti abwereke mabukuokawerenga kunyumba. Kumbukirani kuchita kalembera wa mabuku onse omwe abwerekedwa.

MUTU 12

Phunziro 8 Chizindikiro chakakhozedwe Ophunzira abwereza ntchito yomwe sadachite bwino. Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi a mawu, tchati la ziganizo

Ntchito 12.8.1

Kubwereza ntchito yam'sabatayi

(Mphindi 35)

Sankhani ntchito yomwe ophunzira sadachite bwino m'sabatayi ndi kubwereza. Gwiritsani ntchito zipangizo ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera.

92

MUTU 13 Kusamalira zipangizo zasukulu

Phunziro 1

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  amvetsera ndakatulo  ayankha mafunso molondola Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsa, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera ndakatulo ya Ndisamalire

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira kuti alakatule ndakatulo zomwe akuzidziwa.

Ntchito 13.1.1

(Mphindi 15)

Kumvetsera ndakatulo

Tsopano tiwerenga nkhani pogwiritsa ntchito njira yopanga ganizo pogwiritsa ntchito umboni omwe uli m’nkhani ndi zomwe tikuzidziwa kale. Onani momwe njirayi imagwirira ntchito m’mutu 12.4.2.Mwachitsanzo: Kodi nzeru tingazitenge bwanji m’buku? Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi ndime zotsatira. Ndisamalire Ndine buku mwanawe Zako nzeru utenga kwa ine Popanda ine uvutika mwanawe Ndikukudandaulira, ndisamalire Ndine desiki mwanawe Pokhala ndikupatsa ine Popanda ine zovala zako zikhala bii Usandikhwekhwereze, ndisamalire Ndine chipinda chophunziriramo Chitetezo ndipereka kwa iwe Popanda ine, dzuwa likuwotcha ngati mbatata Usandidetse, ndisamalire Buku, desiki, chipinda chophunziriramo ndife Nzeru, malo okhala tikupatsa ndife Popanda ife tsogolo labwino sulipeza Tisamalire, tikhalitse, uthandizike

Ntchito 13.1.2

(Mphindi 10)

Kuyankha mafunso

Tsopano ndikufunsani mafunso pa ndakatulo yomwe mwamvetsera. Funsani mafunso otsatirawa: 1 Tchulani zinthu zitatu zomwe zikuyankhula mu ndakatuloyi? 2 Kodi mutaona mnzanu akuponda pa desiki, mungatani? 3 Fotokozani ubwino wosamalira zipangizo za pasukulu?

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira kuti afotokoze ndakatulo yomwe amvetsera.

93

MUTU 13

Phunziro 2 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  alosera nkhani  awerenga nkhani  alemba maganizo awo pa nkhani yomwe awerenga Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira,zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi amaphatikizo, makadi amawu

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira kuti atole makadi a maphatikizo awa: ka, nya, phwa, thya, li, kha, dwe, li, mvendi kupanga mawu mongaphwanya, kathyali, khalidwe, mveka.

Ntchito 13.2.1

(Mphindi 8)

Kulosera nkhani

Tsopano tilosera nkhani pogwiritsa ntchito mutu ndi chithunzi. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 50. Onani momwe njirayi imagwirira ntchito m’mutu 4.2.1.

Ntchito 13.2.2

(Mphindi 10)

Kuwerenga nkhani

Tsopano tiwerenga nkhani mokweza kuchokera pa tsamba 50. Poyamba ndiwerenga ndekha, kenaka tiwerengera limodzi, pomaliza muwerenga nokha. Mvetserani. Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge m’magulu/ awiriwiri/mmodzimmodzi.

Ntchito 13.2.3

Kulemba za mpangankhani

(Mphindi 7)

Sankhani mpangankhani ndi kukambirana ndi ophunzira makhalidwe a mpangankhaniyo. Ophunzira alembe za makhalidwe a mpangankhaniyo.

(Mphindi 5)

Mathero Uzani ophunzira kuti atole makadi amawu ndi kuwerenga mopikisana.

94

MUTU 13

Phunziro 3 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga ndime ya nkhani  alemba lembetso Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi amawu

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge mawu awa: mveka, kathyali, khalidwe, sankhidwa, khwekhwereza ndi mveka kuchokera makadi.

Ntchito 13.3.1

(Mphindi 5)

Kuwerenga ndime

Tsopano muwerenga ndime imodzi ya nkhani molondola ndi mofulumira. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 50. Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge m’magulu/awiriawiri/mmodzimmodzi. Mvetserani pamene ophunzira akuwerenga.

Ntchito 13.3.2

(Mphindi 20)

Kulemba lembetso

Tsopano mulemba lembetso. Tsatirani ndondomeko yolembetsera lembetso. Ndime ya lembetso ndi iyi . Kudera lina/ kudali sukulu/ yotchedwa Lowani./ Sukuluyi/ idali yomveka kwambiri/ chifukwa ophunzira ochuluka/ ankasankhidwa/ kupita ku sekondale./ Pasukulupa/ padali makalasi/ omangidwa mwaluso. Chongani ndi kuthandiza ophunzira moyenera.

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Kambiranani ndi ophunzira momwe akadalembera lembetsoli poona ndimeyi m’buku lawo.

95

MUTU 13

Phunziro 4 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga nkhani  apereka matanthauzo amawu  alemba chimangirizo Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera mtengo wa mawu, tchati la chimangirizo

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 3)

Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge mawu okhala ndi phw, kh, thyndidw kuchokera pa mtengo wa mawu.

Ntchito 13.4.1

(Mphindi 10)

Kuwerenga nkhani

Tsopano tiwerenga nkhani pogwiritsa ntchito njira yopanga ganizo potsatira umboni womwe uli m’nkhani ndi zomwe tikudziwa kale.Onani momwe njirayi yagwirira ntchitom’mutu 12.4.2. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 50. Werengani nkhaniyi. Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge m’magulu.Funsani mafunso monga: Kodi pa chithunzichi akuyankhula ndi yani? N’chifukwa chiyani mukuganiza motero?

Ntchito 13.4.2

Kupereka matanthauzo amawu

(Mphindi 7)

Tsopano tipereka matanthauzo amawu. Gwiritsani ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana. Mawuwa ndi khalidwe, mveka ndi kathyali. Ntchito 13.4.3

Kulemba chimangirizo

(Mphindi 12)

Tsopano mulemba chimangirizo motsogoleredwa ndi mafunso. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 52. Kambiranani ndi ophunzira momwe achitire Ntchito Apogwiritsa ntchito tchati la chimangirizo chomwe mwalemba.Uzani ophunzira kuti alembe chimangirizochi. Yenderani ndi kuthandiza ophunzira.

Mathero

(Mphindi 3)

Kambiranani ndi ophunzira kalembedwe koyenera ka chimangirizo ndipo akonze zomwe analakwa.

96

MUTU 13

Phunziro 5 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga nkhani  ayankha mafunso molondola Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi a mawu

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira kuti apange ziganizo ndi mawu okhala ndi phw, kh, thy, dyndidw kuchokera pa makadi.

Ntchito 13.5.1

Kuwerenga nkhani

(Mphindi 15)

Kuyankha mafunso

(Mphindi 10)

.

Ntchito 13.5.2

Tsopano muyankha mafunso pankhani yomwe mwawerenga. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 52. Uzani ophunzira kuti ayankhe mafunso molemba. Thandizani ophunzira kuyankha mafunso moyenera.

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Kambiranani ndi ophunzira mayankho a mafunso ndipo akonze zomwe sanachite bwino.

MUTU 13

Phunziro 6 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe

Ophunzira:  awerenga nkhani molondola ndi mofulumira  apereka maganizo awo pa nkhani yomwe awerenga  apeza alowam’malo aumwini

Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera

chingwe cha mawu

97

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 3)

Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge mawu awa: kathyali, phwanya, mveka ndikhalidwemofulumirandi molondolakuchokera pa chingwe cha mawu. Ntchito 13.6.1

(Mphindi 7)

Kuwerenga nkhani

Tsopano tiwerenga nkhani molondola ndi mofulumira. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 50. Mvetserani pamene ndikuwerenga. Tiyeni tiwerengere limodzi. Tsopano werengani nokha. Ophunzira awerenge m'magulu/awiriawiri/mmodzimmodzi.

Ntchito 13.6.2

(Mphindi 10)

Kupereka maganizo

Tsopano mupereka maganizo anu pankhani yomwe mwawerenga. Kambiranani ndi ophunzira momwe amasamalira katundu wapasukulu.

Ntchito 13.6.3

Kupeza alowam’malo aumwini

(Mphindi 12)

Uzani ophunzira kuti atchule alowam’malo omwe akuwadziwa. Lembani mayankho awo pa bolodi. Kambiranani ndi ophunzira tanthauzo la m’mlowammalo waumwini. Mlowam’malo waumwini amaimira dzina losonyeza umwini. Ophunzira atsekule mabuku awo pa tsamba 53. Kambiranani chitsanzo ndi momwe achitire Ntchito B. Ophunzira alembe ntchitoyi. Yenderani ndi kuthandiza ophunzira. Mayankho: 1 chako 2 zanga 3 zathu 4 wanu 5 lake

Mathero

(Mphindi 3)

Uzani ophunzira kuti apange ziganizo ndi alowam’malo awa anga, wako ndizathu.

MUTU 13

Phunziro 7 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe

Ophunzira:  awerenga mabuku oonjezera  asonyeza ntchito yomwe achita m’sabatayi

Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera mabuku oonjezera , chipangizo choyesera

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira kuti afotokoze za malo ndi nthawi yochitikira nkhani zomwe adawerenga m’mabuku oonjezera.

98

Ntchito 13.7.1

Kuwerenga mabuku oonjezera

(Mphindi 25)

Tsopano muwerenga mabuku oonjezera.Aliyense asankhe buku lomwe akufuna kuwerenga. Tsatirani ndondomeko yowerengera mabuku oonjezera.

Ntchito 13.7.2

Kuyesa ophunzira

Pamene ophunzira akuwerenga mabuku oonjezera, sankhani ophunzira angapo ndi kuwayesa pa zizindikiro zakakhozedwe za m’sabatayi. Kodi wophunzira wamvetsera ndakatulo?

wakhoza wabwinokw ambiri

wakhoza bwino

wakhoza pang’ono

ndi ofunika chithandizo

wawerenga mawu okhala ndi mv, thy, kh, dw? walemba lembetso ? wawerenga nkhani ? wapereka matanthauzo amawu? wayankha mafunso? wapereka maganizo ake pankhani yomwe wawerenga? walemba chimangirizo? wapeza alowam’malo aumwini? wawerenga mabuku oonjezera? wafotokoza zomwe wawerenga m’mabuku oonjezera? wapereka maganizo ake pankhani zomwe wawerenga?

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira kuti apereke maganizo awo pa nkhani zomwe awerenga. Lolani ophunzira kuti abwereke mabuku okawerenga kunyumba. Kumbukirani kuchita kalembera wa mabuku onse omwe ophunzira abwerekedwa.

99

MUTU 13

Phunziro 8 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira abwereza ntchito yomwe sadachite bwino Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi amawu, tchati la ziganizo

Ntchito 13.8.1

Kubwereza ntchito yam'sabatayi

Sankhani ntchito yomwe ophunzira sadachite bwino m'sabatayi ndi kuibwereza.

100

(Mphindi 35)

MUTU 14 Ndiwe wotani edzi

Phunziro 1

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  amvetsera nkhani  ayankha mafunso molondola Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera nkhani ya Sungeni alemba nkhani ya edzi

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira kuti alakatule ndakatulo zomwe akuzidziwa.

Ntchito 14.1.1

Kumvetserankhani

(Mphindi 15)

Tsopano ndiwerenga nkhani pogwiritsa ntchito njira yodzifunsa mafunso.Onani momwe njirayi imagwirira ntchito m’mutu 1.1.1. Sungeni alemba nkhani ya Edzi Sungeni adali mtsikana wa Sitandade 4 pa sukulu ya Kabawi. Tsiku lina aphunzitsi adauza ophunzira a kalasiyo kuti alembe nkhani yokhudza matenda a edzi. Masana a tsikulo, Sungeni anali kumvetsera wailesi ataweruka kusukulu. Akumvetsera adamva woulutsa mawu pa wailesi akulengeza kuti posakhalitsa wailesiyo iwulutsa sewero lofotokoza za matenda a edzi. Museweromo mudali dokotala, Tadala ndi Luka. Sewerolo lidayenda motere. Dokotala

Ndakulandirani Tadala ndi Luka. Kodi mwangondiyendera kuchipatala kuno?

Tadala Inde adokotola. Ife timangomva za matenda a edzi. Kodi matendawa amayamba bwanji? Dokotala

Wafunsa bwino, Tadala. Matendawa amayamba ndi kachilombo kotchedwa HIV. Kachilomboka kakalowa m’thupi kamafooketsa chitetezo. Zikatero, munthuyo amayamba kudwala matenda osiyanasiyana.

Luka

Amadwala matenda monga ati? Nthawi zina ine ndimadwala mutu, m’mimba kapena chimfine. Kodi amenewa ali m’gulu limeneli?

Dokotala

Luka, wafunsa bwino. Matendawa ndi monga chifuwa chachikulu, malungo odza pafupipafupi, khansa ndi ena. Munthu wodwala matenda a edzi akhoza kudwalanso matenda watchulawo.

Tadala Ndiye munthu angadziwe bwanji kuti akudwala edzi? Dokotala

Tadala, munthu angadziwepokhapokha atayezetsa magazi.

Luka

Adokotala, kodi m’magazimo imabweramo bwanji?

Dotolo

Wandifunsa funso labwino, Luka. Munthu angatenge kachilomboka m’njira zambiri. Njira zake ndi monga kuchita zachiwerewere ndi kubwerekana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito miswachi kapena malezala.

Tadala

Zikomo kwambiri adokotala chifukwa cha kufotokoza kwanu komveka bwino.

Luka

Zoona, apa taphunzirapo ndithu.

Dotolo

101 Zikomo. Inenso ndasangalala kuti munabwera kudzafunsa kuti mudziwe zoona zake za Edzi.

Sungeni adamvetsera mwachidwi sewerolo. Atatha kumvera, adalemba nkhaniyo mwaluso kwa aphunzitsi ake. Atawerenga nkhaniyo kusukulu, aliyense adamvetsera mwachidwi.

amayamba bwanji? Dokotala

Wafunsa bwino, Tadala. Matendawa amayamba ndi kachilombo kotchedwa HIV. Kachilomboka kakalowa m’thupi kamafooketsa chitetezo. Zikatero, munthuyo amayamba kudwala matenda osiyanasiyana.

Luka

Amadwala matenda monga ati? Nthawi zina ine ndimadwala mutu, m’mimba

Ntchito 14.1.1kapena Kumvetserankhani chimfine. Kodi amenewa ali m’gulu limeneli?

(Mphindi 15)

Tsopano ndiwerenga pogwiritsa ntchito njirandi yodzifunsa mafunso.Onani momwe njirayi Dokotala Luka,nkhani wafunsa bwino. Matendawa monga chifuwa chachikulu, malungo odza imagwirira ntchito m’mutu 1.1.1. pafupipafupi, khansa ndi ena. Munthu wodwala matenda a edzi akhoza kudwalanso Sungeni alembamatenda nkhani yawatchulawo. Edzi SungeniNdiye adali mtsikana wa Sitandade 4 pakuti sukulu ya Kabawi. Tadala munthu angadziwe bwanji akudwala edzi? Tsiku lina aphunzitsi adauza ophunzira a kalasiyo kuti alembe nkhani yokhudza matenda a edzi. Dokotala Tadala, munthu angadziwepokhapokha atayezetsa magazi. Masana a tsikulo, Sungeni anali kumvetsera wailesi ataweruka kusukulu. Akumvetsera adamva Luka kodi m’magazimo imabweramo bwanji? woulutsa mawu Adokotala, pa wailesi akulengeza kuti posakhalitsa wailesiyo iwulutsa sewero lofotokoza za matenda a edzi. Museweromo mudali dokotala, Tadala ndi Luka. Sewerolo lidayendam’njira motere. Dotolo Wandifunsa funso labwino, Luka. Munthu angatenge kachilomboka zambiri. Njira zake ndindi monga kuchita zachiwerewere ndi kubwerekana ndi Ndakulandirani Tadala Luka. Kodi mwangondiyendera kuchipatala kuno? kugwiritsa ntchito miswachi kapena malezala. Tadala Inde adokotola. Ife timangomva za matenda a edzi. Kodi matendawa Tadala amayamba Zikomo kwambiri adokotala chifukwa cha kufotokoza kwanu komveka bwino. bwanji? Dokotala

Luka Dokotala Dotolo

Zoona, apa taphunzirapo ndithu. Wafunsa bwino, Tadala. Matendawa amayamba ndi kachilombo kotchedwa HIV. Kachilomboka kakalowa m’thupi kamafooketsa chitetezo. kuti Zikatero, munthuyo Zikomo. Inenso ndasangalala kuti munabwera kudzafunsa mudziwe zoona amayamba kudwala matenda osiyanasiyana. zake za Edzi.

Luka adamvetsera Amadwala matenda monga ati? Nthawi zina ine ndimadwala mutu, m’mimba Sungeni mwachidwi sewerolo. Atatha kumvera, adalemba nkhaniyo mwaluso kwa kapena chimfine. Kodi amenewa ali m’gulu limeneli? aphunzitsi ake. Atawerenga nkhaniyo kusukulu, aliyense adamvetsera mwachidwi. Dokotala

Luka, wafunsa bwino. Matendawa ndi monga chifuwa chachikulu, malungo odza pafupipafupi, khansa ndi ena. Munthu wodwala matenda a edzi akhoza kudwalanso (Mphindi 10) Kuyankha mafunso Ntchito 14.1.2matenda watchulawo. Tsopano ndikufunsani mafunso pankhani yomwe mwamvetsera. Funsani mafunso otsatirawa: Tadala munthu bwanji kuti akudwala edzi? 1 KodiNdiye Sungeni adaliangadziwe yani? 2Dokotala Fotokozani m’mene mswachiangadziwepokhapokha ungafalitsire matenda atayezetsa a Edzi. magazi. Tadala, munthu 3 Kodi Sungeni adapindula bwanji ndi ntchito yomwe adapatsidwa kusukulu? Luka Adokotala, kodi m’magazimo imabweramo bwanji? Dotolo

Wandifunsa funso labwino, Luka. Munthu angatenge kachilomboka m’njira 102 zachiwerewere ndi kubwerekana ndi zambiri. Njira zake ndi monga kuchita kugwiritsa ntchito miswachi kapena malezala.

Tadala

Zikomo kwambiri adokotala chifukwa cha kufotokoza kwanu komveka bwino.

Luka

Zoona, apa taphunzirapo ndithu.

Dotolo

Zikomo. Inenso ndasangalala kuti munabwera kudzafunsa kuti mudziwe zoona zake za Edzi.

Sungeni adamvetsera mwachidwi sewerolo. Atatha kumvera, adalemba nkhaniyo mwaluso kwa aphunzitsi ake. Atawerenga nkhaniyo kusukulu, aliyense adamvetsera mwachidwi.

Ntchito 14.1.2

(Mphindi 10)

Kuyankha mafunso

Tsopano ndikufunsani mafunso pankhani yomwe mwamvetsera. Funsani mafunso otsatirawa: 1 Kodi Sungeni adali yani? 2 Fotokozani m’mene mswachi ungafalitsire matenda a Edzi. 3 Kodi Sungeni adapindula bwanji ndi ntchito yomwe adapatsidwa kusukulu?

102

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira kuti afotokoze nkhani yomwe amvetsera.

MUTU 14

Phunziro 2 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  alosera ndakatulo  awerenga ndakatulo  alemba maganizo awo pa ndakatulo yomwe awerenga Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera nkhokwe ya mawu, makadi a mawu

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira kuti atole makadi a mawu okhala ndi ts, mphw, mph, nthndi kupanga ziganizo.

Ntchito 14.2.1

(Mphindi 8)

Kulosera ndakatulo

Tsopano tilosera ndakatulo pogwiritsa ntchito njira yolosera kudzera m’chithunzi ndi mutu wa ndakatulo. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 54.Tsatirani ndondomeko yolosera ndakatulo.

Ntchito14.2.2

(Mphindi 10)

Kuwerenga ndakatulo

Tsopano tiwerenga ndakatulo mwakamvekedwe ka ndakatulo. Tsekulani pa tsamba 54. Ophunzira awerenge m’magulu/ awiriawiri /mmodzimmodzi.

Ntchito 14.2.3

Kulemba za woyankhula

(Mphindi 7)

Kambiranani ndi ophunzira za woyankhula ndi zomwe akuyankhula m’ndakatuloyi. Ophunzira alembe m’makope mwawo.Yenderani ndi kutahndiza moyenera.

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Ophunzira achite masewera owerenga mawu kuchokera mu nkhokwe ya mawu.

103

MUTU 14

Phunziro 3 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga ndime ya ndakatulo molondola ndi mofulumira  atsiriza kalata Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera mtengo wa mawu, tchati la kalata

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira kuti achite mpikisano wowerenga mawu kuchokera pa mtengo wa mawu.

Ntchito 14.3.1

(Mphindi 7)

Kuwerenga ndime

Tsopano tiwerenga ndime imodzi ya ndakatulo molondola ndi mofulumira kuchokera pa tsamba 54. Ophunzira awerenge m’magulu, awiriawiri kapena mmodzimmodzi.

Ntchito 14.3.2

(Mphindi18)

Kulemba kalata

Tsopano mulemba kalata kwa makolo anu. Kambiranani ndi ophunzira kutsiriza kalata yotsatirayi kuchokera pa tchati. Tsirizani ndi mawu awa: edzi, kalatayi, matenda, okondedwa ndi zambiri -------------- School Post Office Box 61 Mpeta 20 January 2017 __________________makolo Ndalemba________________ kuti ndikudziwitseni zomwe taphunzira ku sukulu. Taphunzira za________ a edzi. Tinawerengandakatulo ya Ndiwe wotani __________ ? M’ndakatuloyindaphunziramo _________. Ndine mwana wanu ----------------------- Ophunzira atsirize kalatayi m’makope mwawo. Yenderani ndi kuthandiza ophunzira.

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Sankhani ntchito yomwe yalembedwa bwino, onetsani ophunzira ndipo awerenge.

104

MUTU 14

Phunziro 4 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga nkhani  apereka matanthauzo amawu  alakatula ndakatulo Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi amawu

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 4)

Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge mawu okhala ndi dz, ng, mch, ndwkuchokera pa makadi a mawu.

Ntchito 14.4.1

(Mphindi 10)

Kuwerenga ndakatulo

Tsopano tiwerenga ndakatulo pogwiritsa ntchito njira yodzifunsa mafunso. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 54. Werengani ndakatuloyi. Ophunzira awerenge m’magulu/awiriawiri/mmodzimmodzi. Funsani mafunso olimbikitsa ophunzira kugwiritsa ntchito njirayi.

Ntchito 14.4.2

Kupereka matanthauzo amawu

(Mphindi 7)

Tsopano tipereka matanthauzo amawu. Gwiritsani ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana. Mawuwa ndi yezetsa, kasinthasintha, mphwayi ndikusadumphitsa.

Ntchito 14.4.3

Kulemba njira zosamalira munthu wodwala matendaa edzi

(Mphindi 10)

Tsopano mulemba njira zosamalira munthu wodwala matenda a edzi.Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 57. Kambiranani ndi ophunzira chitsanzo ndi momwe achitire Ntchito A. Uzani ophunzira kuti achite ntchitoyi m’makope mwawo. Thandizani ophunzira.

Mathero

(Mphindi 4)

Kambiranani ndi ophunzira mayankho olondola a Ntchito A ndipo akonze zomwe sadachite bwino.Uzani ophunzira kuti akaloweze ndakatulo kunyumba.

105

MUTU 14

Phunziro 5 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga ndakatulo  ayankha mafunso molondola Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi amawu okhala ndi ts, mphw , mph , nth

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira kuti apange ziganizo ndi mawu awa: yezetsa, kasinthasintha, mphwayi ndi kusadumphitsakuchokera pamakadi.

Ntchito 14.5.1

(Mphindi15)

Kuwerenga ndakatulo

Tsopano tiwerenga ndakatulo pogwiritsa ntchito njira yodzifunsa mafunso. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 54. Ophunzira awerenge mwachinunu.

Ntchito 14.5.2

(Mphindi 10)

Kuyankha mafunso

Tsopano muyankha mafunso kuchokera m’ndakatulo yomwe mwawerenga. Tsekulani pa tsamba56. Uzani ophunzira kuti ayankhe mafunso molemba. Thandizani ophunzira kuyankha mafunso moyenera.

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Kambiranani ndi ophunzira mayakho a mafunso ndipo akonze zomwe analakwa.

MUTU 14

Phunziro 6 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga ndakatulo molondola ndi mofulumira  apeza phunziro m’ndakatulo  apeza afotokozi amaonekedwe Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera tchati la mawu

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira kuti achite masewera okhwatcha mawu kuchokera pa tchati. Mawuwandi mongayezetsa, ubwenzi, kusadumphitsa, mphwayi, ndondomeko, mankhwala, wathanzi ndi kasinthasintha.

106

Ntchito 14.6.1

Kuwerenga ndakatulo

(Mphindi 7)

Tsopano tiwerenga ndakatulo potsatira kamvekedwe ka ndakatulo. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 54. Ophunzira awerenge m’magulu, awiriawiri kapena mmodzimmodzi. Mvetserani pamene ophunzira akuwerenga ndi kuwathandiza moyenera.

Ntchito 14.6.2

Kutola phunziro la m’ndakatulo

(Mphindi8)

Tsopano tipeza phunziro m’ndakatulo yomwe tawerenga. Kambiranani ndi ophunzira maphunziro awiri omwe apeza m’ndakatuloyi.

Ntchito 14.6.3

Kupeza afotokozi amaonekedwe

(Mphindi 14)

Tsopano tiphunzira za afotokozi amaonekedwe. Uzani ophunzira kuti afotokoze maonekedwe a zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe zikupezeka m’kalasi mwawo. Lembani mayankho awo pabolodi. Kambiranani ndi ophunzira tanthauzo la mfotokozi wamaonekedwe pogwiritsa ntchito mayankho omwe ali pabolodi. Mfotokozi wamaonekedwe amakamba za maonekedwe a chinthu. Uzani ophunzira kuti atsekule mabuku awo pa tsamba 58. Kambiranani chitsanzo ndi momwe achitire Ntchito B.Ophunzira alembe ntchitoyi. Yenderani ndi kuthandiza ophunzira. Mayankho: 1 wobiriwira 2 chachikulu 3 chakuda 4 yoyera 5 wamtali

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Kambiranani ndi ophunzira mayankho a Ntchito B ndipo akonze zomwe analakwa.

MUTU 14

Phunziro 7 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga mabuku oonjezera  asonyeza ntchito yomwe achita m’sabatayi Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera mabuku oonjezera, chipangizo choyesera

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira kuti afotokoze zomwe adawerenga m’mabuku oonjezera.

Ntchito 14.7.1

Kuwerenga mabuku oonjezera

(Mphindi 25)

Tsopano muwerenga mabuku oonjezera.Aliyense asankhe buku lomwe akufuna kuwerenga. Tsatirani ndondomeko yowerengera mabuku oonjezera.

107

Ntchito 14.7.2

Kuyesa ophunzira

Pamene ophunzira akuwerenga mabuku oonjezera, sankhani ophunzira angapo ndi kuwayesa pa zizindikiro zakakhozedwe zam’sabatayi. Kodi wophunzira wamvetsera nkhani?

wakhoza bwino kwambiri

wakhoza bwino

wakhoza pang’ono

ndi wofunika chithandizo

wawerenga mawu okhala ndi ts, mphw , mph , nth? watsiriza kalata? wawerenga ndakatulo? wapereka matanthauzo amawu? wayankha mafunso? walemba njira zosamalira munthu wodwala matenda a edzi? wapeza afotokozi amaonekedwe m’ziganizo? walemba maganizo ake pa ndakatulo yomwe wawerenga? wawerenga mabuku oonjezera? wafotokoza zomwe wawerenga m’mabuku oonjezera? wapereka maganizo ake pa nkhani yomwe wawerenga?

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Ophunzira afotokoze zomwe awerenga. Lolani ophunzira kuti abwereke mabuku okawerenga kunyumba. Kumbukirani kuchita kalembera wa mabuku onse omwe ophunzira abwereka.

108

MUTU 14

Phunziro 8 Chizindikiro chakakhozedwe Ophunzira abwereza ntchito yomwe sadachite bwino Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi amawu

Ntchito 14.8.1

Kubwereza ntchito yam'sabatayi

Sankhani ntchito yomwe ophunzira sadachite bwino m'sabatayi ndi kuibwereza.

109

(Mphindi 35)

MUTU 15 Kubwereza ndi kuyesa

Phunziro 1

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  amvetsera nkhani  ayankha mafunso  apereka maganizo awo pankhani yomwe amvetsera Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera nkhani

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira kuti afotokoze nkhani ina iliyonse yomwe adamvapo.

Ntchito 15.1.1

(Mphindi 12)

Kumvetserankhani

Sankhani nkhani ina iliyonse yomwe mudaphunzitsa m’mitu 12ndi 13. Tsopano mumvetserankhani pogwiritsa ntchito njira yodzifunsa mafunso. Onani momwe njirayi imagwirira ntchito m’mutu 1.1.2.

Ntchito 15.1.2

(Mphindi 8)

Kuyankha mafunso

Tsopano ndikufunsani mafunso pankhaniyomwe mwamvetsera. Funsani mafunso okhudza ampangankhani ndi zochitika m’nkhani. Thandizani ophunzira moyenera.

Ntchito 15.1.3

(Mphindi 5)

Kupereka maganizo

Uzani ophunzira kuti apereke maganizo awo pamalo ndi nthawi yochitikira nkhani.

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira kuti afotokoze zomwe amvetsera.

MUTU 15

Phunziro 2 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga nkhani molondola ndi mofulumira  afotokoza za makhalidwe ampangankhani  achita sewero lopanga mawu kuchokera m’bokosi Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera tchati la mawu

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 3)

Chitani sewero lokhwatcha mawu pogwiritsa ntchito tchati la mawu. 110

Ntchito 15.2.1

(Mphindi 8)

Kuwerenga nkhani

Tsopano muwerenga nkhani molondola ndi mofulumirakuchokera m’buku lanu. Sankhani nkhani imodzi yomwe mudaphunzitsa m' mitu 12mpaka 13. Ophunzira awerenge nkhaniyi.

Ntchito 15.2.2

(Mphindi 7)

Kupereka maganizo pa makhalidwe ampangankhani

Tsopano tipereka maganizo. Sankhani mpangankhanindi kukambirana za makhalidwe ake.

Ntchito 15.2.3

(Mphindi 12)

Kuchita sewero lolemba mawu

Tsopano tichita sewero lolemba mawu kuchokera m’bokosi. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 59. Kambiranani ndi ophunzira chitsanzo ndi momwe achitire Ntchito A. Ophunzira kuti alembendipomuwathandize moyenera. Mayankho : mopingasa - sekerera, phwanya motsitsa

- mswera, khalidwe, nkhwawira

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Kambiranani ndi ophunzira mayankho a Ntchito A ndipo akonze zomwe sanachite bwino.

MUTU 15

Phunziro 3 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga ndime ya nkhani  alemba ziganizo mwaluso Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi amawu

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge mawu kuchokera pamakadi.

Ntchito 15.3.1

(Mphindi 10)

Kuwerenga ndime

Tsopano tiwerenga ndime yachitatu m’nkhani ya Kusamalira zipangizo zasukulu molondola ndi mofulumira kuchokera pa tsamba 51. Ophunzira awerenge m’magulu/awiriawiri/mmodzimmodzi.

Ntchito 15.3.2

Kulemba ziganizo mwaluso

(Mphindi 15)

Tsopano tilemba ziganizo mwaluso. Lembani ziganizo zotsatirazi pabolodi ophunzira akuona. Mphunzitsi wamkulu adayamikira ophunzira chifukwa chosamalira madesiki ochepa omwe adalipo. Adawauzanso kuti asamakhwekhwereze madesikiwokuti asamaonongeke. Tsopano lembani m’makope mwanu mwaluso. Yenderani ndi kuthandiza ophunzira. 111

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira kuti asinthane ntchito yomwe alemba.

MUTU 15

Phunziro 4 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga nkhani  apereka matanthauzo a mawu  alemba maganizo awo pa nkhani yomwe awerenga Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera zitsekerero/miyala/nyemba

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira kuti apange mawu pogwiritsa ntchito zitsekerero/miyala/nyemba.

Ntchito 15.4.1

(Mphindi 12)

Kuwerenga nkhani

Sankhani nkhani imodzi yomwe mudaphunzitsa m’mutu 12 ndi 13. Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge nkhaniyi pogwiritsa ntchito njira yodzifunsa mafunso.

Ntchito 15.4.2

Kuunikanso matanthauzo amawu

(Mphindi 13)

Bwerezani kukambirana ndi ophunzira matanthauzo a mawu omwe adaphunzira m'mutu 12mpaka 14. Gwiritsani ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana.

Ntchito 15.4.3

Kulemba makhalidwe a mpangankhani

(Mphindi 12)

Sankhani mpangankhani ndi kukambirana makhalidwe a mpangankhaniyo. Ophunzira asankhe mpangankhani wina ndipo alembe makhalidwe ake.

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira angapo kuti awerenge zomwe alemba.

112

MUTU 15

Phunziro 5 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  atchula magawo a chimangirizo  alemba chimangirizo Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera tchati la chimangirizo

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira kuti atchule zina mwa zizindikiro zam’kalembedwe zomwe adaphunzira.

Ntchito 15.5.1

Kuunikanso magawo a chimangirizo

(Mphindi 7)

Kambiranani ndi ophunzira magawo a chimangirizo pogwiritsa ntchito tchati la chimangirizo lomwe mwalemba (monga mutu ndi mfundo zotambasula mutuwo).

Ntchito 15.5.2

Kulemba chimangirizo

(Mphindi 18)

Tsopano mulemba chimangirizo pa mutu woti ‘Sukulu yathu’. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 61. Kambiranani ndi ophunzira momwe achitire Ntchito B. Uzani ophunzira kuti alembe ntchitoyi m’makope mwawo. Yenderani ndi kuthandiza ophunzira moyenera.

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Sankhani ophunzira angapo kuti awerenge chimangirizo chomwe alemba.

MUTU 15

Phunziro 6 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga ndakatulo  alakatula ndakatulo Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi amawu

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira kuti alakatule ndakatulo ina iliyonse yomwe akuidziwa.

113

Ntchito 15.6.1

(Mphindi 10)

Kuwerenga ndakatulo

Tsopano muwerenga ndakatulo. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 54. Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge ndakatulo ya Edzi mwachinunu. Limbikitsani ophunzira kuti aloweze ndakatuloyi.

Ntchito 15.6.2

(Mphindi 15)

Kulakatula ndakatulo

Tsopano mulakatula ndakatulo. Uzani ophunzira kuti alakatule ndakatuloyo.

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira kuti achite mpikisano owerenga mawu kuchokera pamakadi.

MUTU 15

Phunziro 7 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga machezamolondola ndi mofulumira  apeza alowam’malo Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi a mawu

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira kuti atole makadi amawu ndi kupanga ziganizo.

Ntchito 15.7.1

(Mphindi 10)

Kuwerenga macheza

Bwerezani macheza omwe mudaphunzitsa m’mutu 11. Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge machezawamolondola ndi mofulumira.

Ntchito 15.7.2

(Mphindi 15)

Kupeza alowam’malo

Tsopano mupeza alowam’malo m’ziganizo. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 61. Kambiranani chitsanzo ndi momwe achitire Ntchito C.Ophunzira alembe ntchitoyi. Yenderani ndi kuthandiza ophunzira. Mayankho: 1 zanu 2 ine 3 zathu 4 uyu 5 tonse

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Kambiranani ndi ophunzira mayankho a ntchitoyi ndipo akonze zomwe analakwa.

114

MUTU 15

Phunziro 8 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga mabuku oonjezera  afotokoza zomwe awerenga m’mabuku oonjezera Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera mabuku oonjezera

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira kuti afotokoze zomwe awerenga m'mabuku oonjezera.

Ntchito 15.8.1

Kuwerenga mabuku oonjezera

(Mphindi 18)

Tsopano muwerenga mabuku oonjezera.Aliyense asankhe buku lomwe akufuna kuwerenga. Tsatirani ndondomeko yowerengera mabuku oonjezera.

Ntchito 15.8.2

(Mphindi 7)

Kufotokoza nkhani

Uzani ophunzira angapo kuti afotokoze zomwe awerenga.

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira angapo kuti afotokoze phunziro lomwe apeza m’nkhani zomwe awerenga. Lolani ophunzira kuti abwereke mabuku okawerenga kunyumba. Kumbukirani kuchita kalembera wa mabuku onse omwe ophunzira abwereka.

115

MUTU 16 Fulu agwira Kalulu

Phunziro 1

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  amvetsera nkhani  ayankha mafunso Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera nkhani ya Gwape agwidwa

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Funsani ophunzira kuti alosere zomwe amvetsere m’nkhani ya Gwape agwidwa.

Ntchito 16.1.1

(Mphindi 13)

Kumvetsera nkhani

Tsopano tigwiritsa ntchito njira yodzifunsa mafunso. Onani momwe njirayi imagwirira ntchito m’mutu 1.1.2. Gwape agwidwa M’nkhalango yotchedwa Nguma mudali nyama zosiyanasiyana. Nyamazi zinkalima mbewu zamitundumitundu. Izo zimakhala mwamtendere. Chaka china, Gwape adachoka m’nkhalangoyi ndi kupita kwa bwenzi lake. Iyi idali nthawi yolima kotero chaka chimenechi sadalime. Atayendayenda, adabwerera kwawo nthawi yokolola. Gwape adalibe chakudya choti adye chaka chimenecho. Iye adaganiza zoti aziba mbewu za ena. Usiku ankadzuka n’kumapita kumunda wa Fulu kukaba. Fulu atazindikira za kubedwa kwa mbewu zake, adakasuma kwa mfumu yawo, Mkango. Mkango udaitanitsa msonkhano wa nyama zonse zokhala m’nkhalangoyo. Nyama zitafika, mkango udaima ndi kuyamba kuyankhula. Iwo udati, “Ndamva kuti nyama zina zikumapita kumunda wa Fulu usiku kukaba. Ndikufuna ndichenjeze kuti mkhalidwewu si wabwino.” Nyamazi zitakambirana, zidagwirizana kuti zithane ndi mbavayo. Usiku wa tsiku limeneli, Kalulu adapita kunyumba ya mfumu. Iye adapempha mfumu kuti akufuna agwire mbavayo. Iye adati, akatchera msampha polowera mbavayo kuti ikamakalowa ikakodwe. Mfumu idagwirizana naye Kaluluyo. Mfumuyo idavomera zomwe adanena Kalulu chifukwa adali wochenjera. Pamene Gwape amati azilowa m’mundamo, adamva chinthu pakhosi kuti ndi. Poonetsetsa adazindikira kuti wakodwa mu msampha. Kalulu adafuula kuitana nyama zonse. Nyamazi zidapeza Gwape maso ali tuzuu. Nyama zonse zidamuombera m’manja Kalulu. Mfumu idagamula kuti Gwape achoke m’nkhalangoyo. Gwape atamva chigamulocho, adangothawa. Mpaka lero, Gwape akangomva mtswatswa, amaliutsa liwiro la mtondo wadooka kuganiza kuti akufuna kudzamugwira.

Ntchito 16.1.2

(Mphindi 7)

Kuyankha mafunso

Tsopano ndikufunsani mafunso pa nkhani yomwe mwamvetsera. Funsani mafunso otsatirawa: 1 Kodi mfumu ya m’nkhalango idali yani? 2 Mungateteze bwanji mbewu zanu kwa akuba? 3 Mukadakhala Gwape ndipo mwagwidwa, mukadatani?

116

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira kuti afotokoze nkhani yomwe amvetsera.

MUTU 16

Phunziro 2 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: • alosera macheza • awerenga macheza • alemba maganizo awo pa macheza omwe awerenga Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira,zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi amawu okhala ndi bw, nd, mt, ch, mtengo wa mawu

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Ophunzira awerenge mawu okhala ndi bw, nd, mt, ch kuchokera pamakadi.

Ntchito 16.2.1

(Mphindi 8)

Kulosera macheza

Tsopano tilosera macheza pogwiritsa ntchito mutu ndi chithunzi. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 62. Onani momwe njirayi imagwirira ntchito m’mutu 4.2.1.

Ntchito 16.2.2

(Mphindi 8)

Kuwerenga macheza

Tsopano tiwerenga macheza. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 62. Tsatirani ndondomeko yowerengera macheza.

Ntchito 16.2.3

Kulemba za makhalidwe a atengambali

(Mphindi 7)

Sankhani mtengambali ndi kukambirana za makhalidwe ake. Uzani ophunzira kuti asankhe mtengambali wina yemwe wawasangalatsa ndipo alembe za makhalidwe ake.

Mathero

(Mphindi 4)

Uzani ophunzira kuti akhale awiriawiri ndipo awerenge zomwe alemba.

117

MUTU 16

Phunziro 3 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga ndime ya nkhani  alemba ziganizo mwaluso Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi a mawu

(Mphindi 5)

Chiyambi

Ophunzira awerenge mawu awa: zidagwirizana, kupatula, adamunjata, mosinthana, chindapusa, nduna ndi mtudzu kuchokera pa makadi.

Ntchito 16.3.1

Kuwerenga ndime yamacheza

(Mphindi 5)

Tsopano tiwerenga ndime imodzi yamacheza molondola ndi mofulumira kuchokera pa tsamba 63. Ophunzira awerenge m’magulu.

Ntchito 16.3.2

Kulemba ziganizo mwaluso

(Mphindi 20)

Tsopano tilemba ziganizo mwaluso. Lembani ziganizo zotsatirazi pabolodi ophunzira akuona. Tsiku lokumba chitsime litafika, nyama zonse zidabwera kupatula kalulu. Madzi adapezeka ndipo nyamazi zidasangalala. Uzani ophunzira kuti alembe m’makope mwawo.Yenderani ndi kuthandiza ophunzira.

(Mphindi 5)

Mathero Ophunzira asinthane ntchito yomwe alemba ndipo awerenge.

MUTU 16

Phunziro 4 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga macheza  apereka matanthauzo a mawu  alemba kalata Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi amawu, tchati la kalata

118

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 3)

Ophunzira awerenge mawu okhala ndi bw, mt, ch ndi ndkuchokera pamakadi.

Ntchito 16.4.1

(Mphindi 7)

Kuwerenga macheza

Tsopano tiwerenga macheza pogwiritsa ntchito njira yodzifunsa mafunso. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 62. Ophunzira awerenge m’magulu. Funsani mafunso olimbikitsa ophunzira kugwiritsa ntchito njirayi.

Ntchito 16.4.2

Kupereka matanthauzo amawu

(Mphindi 5)

Tsopano tipereka matanthauzo a mawu. Gwiritsani ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana.Mawuwa ndibwalo, nduna, mtudzu ndi chindapusa.

Ntchito 16.4.3

(Mphindi 17)

Kulemba kalata

Tsopano mulemba kalata ya mchezo. Onetsani tchati la kalata ndi kukambirana kalembedwe ka kalata. Ophunzira atsekule mabuku awo pa tsamba 65. Uzani ophunzira achite Ntchito A. Yenderani ndi kuthandiza ophunzira.

(Mphindi 3)

Mathero Ophunzira awerenge kalata zomwe alemba.

MUTU 16

Phunziro 5 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga macheza  ayankha mafunso Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi amawu

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Ophunzira apange ziganizo ndi mawu okhala ndi bw, mt, ch ndi nd kuchokera pamakadi.

Ntchito 16.5.1

(Mphindi 15)

Kuwerenga macheza

Tsopano muwerenga macheza pogwiritsa ntchito njira yodzifunsa mafunso. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 62. Ophunzira awerenge mwachinunu.

119

Ntchito 16.5.2

(Mphindi 10)

Kuyankha mafunso

Tsopano muyankha mafunso kuchokera pa nkhani yomwe mwawerenga. Ophunzira ayankhe mafunso omwe ali pa tsamba 64molemba. Thandizani ophunzira moyenera.

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Kambiranani ndi ophunzira mayankho a mafunso ndipo akonze zomwe analakwa.

MUTU 16

Phunziro 6 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga macheza molondola ndi mofulumira  apereka maganizo awo  apeza alowam’malooloza Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi a maphatikizo

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 3)

Ophunzira atole makadi omwe ali ndi maphatikizo awa: lo, bwa, nda, sa, pu, dzu, la, mtu, chi, na ndi ndu ndi kupanga mawu monga chindapusa, mtudzu, bwalo ndi nduna.

Ntchito 16.6.1

(Mphindi 10)

Kuwerenga macheza

Tsopano tiwerenga macheza molondola ndi mofulumira. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 62. Itanani wophunzira mmodzi ndi kuwerenga naye mbali yoyamba ya macheza. Uzani ophunzira onse kuti apitirize kuwerenga m’magulu potenga mbali zosiyanasiyana.

Ntchito 16.6.2

(Mphindi 8)

Kupereka maganizo

Tsopano mupereka maganizo pa macheza omwe mwawerenga. Uzani ophunzira kuti asankhe mtengambali yemwe wawasangalatsa/sanawasangalatse ndi kufotokoza makhalidwe ake.

Ntchito 16.6.3

Kupeza alowam’malo oloza

(Mphindi 10)

Tsopano tipeza alowam’malo oloza m’ziganizo. Ophunzira atchule zitsanzo za alowam’malo. Lembani mayankho awo pabolodi. Kambiranani tanthauzo la mlowam’malo woloza pogwiritsa ntchito mayankho omwe ali pa bolodi.Mlowam’malo woloza ndi mawu amene amaimira dzina la chinthu chomwe akuchiloza. Ophunzira kuti atsekule mabuku awo pa tsamba 66. Kambiranani chitsanzo ndi momwe achitire Ntchito B. Ophunzira alembe ntchitoyi. Yenderani ndi kuthandiza ophunzira. Mayankho: 1 izo 2 awa 3 iyo 4 ija 5 umu

120

Mathero

(Mphindi 4)

Kambiranani ndi ophunzira mayankho olondola ndipo akonze zomwe analakwa.

MUTU 16

Phunziro 7 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga mabuku oonjezera  asonyeza ntchito yomwe achita m’sabatayi Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera mabuku oonjezera , chipangizo choyesera

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Ophunzira afotokoze zomwe adawerenga m’mabuku oonjezera.

Ntchito 16.7.1

Kuwerenga mabuku oonjezera

(Mphindi 25)

Tsopano muwerenga mabuku oonjezera. Aliyense asankhe buku lomwe akufuna kuwerenga. Tsatirani ndondomeko yowerengera mabuku oonjezera.

Ntchito 16.7.2

Kuyesa ophunzira

Pamene ophunzira akuwerenga mabuku oonjezera, sankhani ophunzira angapo ndi kuwayesa pa zizindikiro zakakhozedwe zam’sabatayi.

121

Kodi wophunzira

wakhoza bwino kwambiri

wamvetsera nkhani?

wakhoza bwino

wakhoza pang’ono

ndi wofunika chithandizo

wawerenga mawu okhala ndi bw, nd, mt, ch? walemba ziganizo mwaluso? walemba kalata moyenera? wawerenga nkhani? wapereka matanthauzo amawu? wayankha mafunso? wapeza alowam’malo oloza m’ziganizo? wawerenga mabuku oonjezera? wafotokoza zomwe wawerenga m’mabuku oonjezera? wapereka maganizo ake pa nkhani yomwe wawerenga?

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Ophunzira afotokoze zomwe awerenga ndipo apereke maganizo awo. Lolani ophunzira kuti abwereke mabuku okawerengakunyumba. Kumbukirani kulembera mabuku onse omwe ophunzira abwereka.

MUTU 16

Phunziro 8 Chizindikiro chakakhozedwe Ophunzira abwereza ntchito yomwe sadachite bwino. Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi amawu, mtengo wa mawu

Ntchito 16.8.1

Kubwereza ntchito yam'sabatayi

Sankhani ntchito yomwe ophunzira sadachite bwino m'sabatayi ndi kubwereza.

122

(Mphindi 35)

MUTU 17 Kufunika kwa maphunziro

Phunziro 1

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  amvetsera nkhani  ayankha mafunso Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera nkhani ya Kusaphunzira n’kufa komwe

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira kuti afotokoze ubwino wa kuphunzira.

Ntchito 17.1.1

Kumvetsera macheza

(Mphindi 15)

Tsopano tigwiritsa ntchito njira younika amtengambali. Onani momwe njirayi imagwirira ntchito m’Mutu 4.1.2. Kusaphunzira n’kufa komwe Kalekale kudali nyama zitatu: Kalulu, Gwape ndi Nguluwe. Iwo ankagwirira ntchito limodzi. Tsiku lina adagwira ganyu kwa mpondamatiki wina. Atapatsidwa ndalama zokwana K1500 adakambirana motere: Kalulu

Anyamata, ndalama ndi zimenezi zilipo K1500. Pali K1000 yapepala ndi K500 yapepalanso. Tiyeni tigawane.

Gwape

E-e! Ndiye tigawana bwanji?

Nguluwe

Ine sindikudziwa. Mwina tifunse ena.

Gwape

Iwedi ukunena zoona. Ndalamazi ndi ziwiri. Zikadakhala zitatu sizikadavuta ayi, tikadangogawana aliyense imodzi, imodzi

Kalulu

Iwe Nguluwe katenge mpeni kapena lezala tidulire ndalamazi kuti iliyonse ikhale ndi magawo atatu.

Nguluwe adabwera ndi mpeni. Pamene ankati adule K1000 ija, Fulu adatulukira ndipo adayankhula motere. Fulu

A!a! Chikatere?

Kalulu

Tikufuna tigawane ndalamayi.

Fulu

Ndiye amachita kudula? Ikadakhala ndalama yachitsulo mukadaiphwanya?

Nguluwe

E-e! Tikadaiphwanya.

Fulu

Umbuli, chiyani? Tikafuna kugawana ndalama imodzi, timafuna chenje. Iwe Kalulu uli sitandade chiyani? Nanga iwe Gwape ndi mnzakoyu muli pasukulu?

Gwape

Tonse sitili pasukulu

Fulu

Sukulu zili mbweezi? Mwaonatu mukadakhala kuti mumapita kusukulu, si bwenzi mukufuna kudula ndalamayi ndi cholinga choti mugawane. 123

Kalulu, Gwape ndi Nguluwe adachita manyazi kwambiri ndipo adagwirizana kuti akayambe sukulu.

Ntchito17.1.2

Kuyankha mafunso

(Mphindi 5)

Fulu

A!a! Chikatere?

Kalulu

Tikufuna tigawane ndalamayi.

Fulu

Ndiye amachita kudula? Ikadakhala ndalama yachitsulo mukadaiphwanya?

Ntchito 17.1.1 macheza Nguluwe E-e! Kumvetsera Tikadaiphwanya.

(Mphindi 15)

Tsopano tigwiritsa ntchito njira younika amtengambali. Onani momwe njirayi imagwirira ntchito Fulu m’Mutu 4.1.2. Umbuli, chiyani? Tikafuna kugawana ndalama imodzi, timafuna chenje. Iwe Kalulu uli sitandade chiyani? Nanga iwe Gwape ndi mnzakoyu muli pasukulu? Kusaphunzira n’kufa komwe Kalekale nyamasitili zitatu: Kalulu, Gwape ndi Nguluwe. Iwo ankagwirira ntchito limodzi. Tsiku lina Gwape kudali Tonse pasukulu adagwira ganyu kwa mpondamatiki wina. Atapatsidwa ndalama zokwana K1500 adakambirana motere: Fulu Sukulu zili mbweezi? Mwaonatu mukadakhala kuti mumapita kusukulu, si bwenzi Kalulu Anyamata, ndalama ndi zimenezi zilipo K1500. Pali K1000 yapepala ndi K500 mukufuna kudula ndalamayi ndi cholinga choti mugawane. yapepalanso. Tiyeni tigawane. Kalulu, Gwape ndi Nguluwe adachita manyazi kwambiri ndipo adagwirizana kuti akayambe sukulu. Gwape E-e! Ndiye tigawana bwanji?

Ntchito17.1.2 Kuyankha mafunso Nguluwe Ine sindikudziwa. Mwina tifunse ena.

(Mphindi 5)

Tsopano ndikufunsani mafunso pankhani yomwe mwamvetsera. Funsani mafunso otsatirawa: Gwape Iwedi ukunena zoona. Ndalamazi ndi ziwiri. Zikadakhala zitatu sizikadavuta ayi, 1 Kodi nyamazi zidapeza bwanjialiyense ndalamaimodzi, zija? imodzi tikadangogawana 2 Fotokozani mmene Kalulu ndi anzake aja adaonetsera umbuli wawo. 3Kalulu Kodi mukadakhala inu mukadachipeza bwanji chenje? Iwe Nguluwe katenge mpeni kapena lezala tidulire ndalamazi kuti iliyonse ikhale ndi magawo atatu.

(Mphindi 5) Nguluwe adabwera ndi mpeni. Pamene ankati adule K1000 ija, Fulu adatulukira ndipo adayankhula Mathero motere. Uzani ophunzira kuti afotokoze nkhani yomwe amvetsera. Fulu A!a! Chikatere? Kalulu

Tikufuna tigawane ndalamayi. 124

Fulu

Ndiye amachita kudula? Ikadakhala ndalama yachitsulo mukadaiphwanya?

Nguluwe

E-e! Tikadaiphwanya.

Fulu

Umbuli, chiyani? Tikafuna kugawana ndalama imodzi, timafuna chenje. Iwe Kalulu uli sitandade chiyani? Nanga iwe Gwape ndi mnzakoyu muli pasukulu?

Gwape

Tonse sitili pasukulu

Fulu

Sukulu zili mbweezi? Mwaonatu mukadakhala kuti mumapita kusukulu, si bwenzi mukufuna kudula ndalamayi ndi cholinga choti mugawane.

Kalulu, Gwape ndi Nguluwe adachita manyazi kwambiri ndipo adagwirizana kuti akayambe sukulu.

Ntchito17.1.2

(Mphindi 5)

Kuyankha mafunso

Tsopano ndikufunsani mafunso pankhani yomwe mwamvetsera. Funsani mafunso otsatirawa: 1 2 3

Kodi nyamazi zidapeza bwanji ndalama zija? Fotokozani mmene Kalulu ndi anzake aja adaonetsera umbuli wawo. Kodi mukadakhala inu mukadachipeza bwanji chenje?

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira kuti afotokoze nkhani yomwe amvetsera.

124

MUTU 17

Phunziro 2 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  alosera nkhani  awerenga nkhani  alemba maganizo awo pankhani yomwe awerenga Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera tchati la mawu

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Chitani sewero lokhwatcha mawu pogwiritsa ntchito tchati la mawu.

Ntchito 17.2.1

(Mphindi 11)

Kulosera nkhani

Tsopano tilosera nkhani pogwiritsa ntchito chithunzi ndi mutu wa nkhani. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 67. Onani momwe njirayi imagwirira ntchito m’mutu 4.1.1.

Ntchito17.2.2

(Mphindi 8)

Kuwerenga nkhani

Tsopano tiwerenga nkhani mokweza kuchokera pa tsamba 67. Ophunzira awerenge m’magulu, awiriwiri kapena mmodzimmodzi.

Ntchito17.2.3

Kulemba za mpangankhani

(Mphindi 7)

Sankhani mpangankhani ndi kukambirana za makhalidwe ake. Uzani ophunzira kuti asankhe mpangankhani wina ndi kulemba za makhalidwe ake.

Mathero

(Mphindi 4)

Uzani ophunzira angapo kuti awerenge zomwe alemba.

MUTU 17

Phunziro 3 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga ndime ya nkhani  alemba lembetso Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera chingwe cha mawu

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Ophunzira awerenge mawu kuhokera pa chingwe cha mawu. 125

Ntchito 17.3.1

(Mphindi 5)

Kuwerenga ndime

Tsopano muwerenga ndime imodzi ya nkhani molondola ndi mofulumira. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 68. Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge ndimeyo m’magulu.

Ntchito 17.3.2

(Mphindi 20)

Kulemba lembetso

Tsopano mulemba lembetso. Tsatirani ndondomeko yolembetsera lembetso. Ndime ya lembetso ndi iyi. Maliko adaitanitsa/ makolo ake/ kuti akacheze naye./ Makolowo adapita/ ku tawuni/ kukacheza/ ndi mwana wawo./ Iwo adazizwa kwambiri/ poona nyumba/ ndi galimoto zamakono/ zomwe Maliko/ adali nazo. Chongani ndi kuthandiza ophunzira moyenera.

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira angapo kuti awerenge zomwe alemba.

MUTU 17

Phunziro 4 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga nkhani  apereka matanthauzo amawu  atsiriza zifanifani/ntchedzero Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera mtengo wa mawu

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 4)

Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge mawu kuchokera pa mtengo wa mawu.

Ntchito17.4.1

(Mphindi 10)

Kuwerenga nkhani

Tsopano tiwerenga nkhani pogwiritsa ntchito njira younika ampangankhani. Onani momwe njirayi imagwirira ntchito m’mutu 4.1.1. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 67. Ophunzira awerenge m’magulu, awiriwiri kapena mmodzimmodzi.

Ntchito17.4.2

Kupereka matanthauzo amawu

(Mphindi 7)

Tsopano tipereka matanthauzo amawu. Gwiritsani ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana. Mawuwa ndi ukadaulo, zizwa ndi ukachenjede.

126

Ntchito17.4.3

(Mphindi 10)

Kutsiriza zifanifani

Tsopano titsiriza zifanifani/ntchedzero. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 69. Kambiranani chitsanzo ndi momwe achitire Ntchito A. Yenderani ndi kuthandiza ophunzira. Mayankho: 1 chitute

2 kalulu 3 mavu

4 mphaka 5 makala

Mathero

(Mphindi 4)

Kambiranani ndi ophunzira mayankho olondola ndipo akonze zomwe sanachite bwino.

MUTU 17

Phunziro 5 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga nkhani  ayankha mafunso molondola Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera mtengo wa mawu

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 3)

Ophunzira kuti awerenge mawu awa: oyang’anira, nkhanza, mwaukadaulo, maphunziro, kampani ndi ukachenjede kuchokera pa mtengo wa mawu.

Ntchito17.5.1

(Mphindi 12)

Kuwerenga nkhani

Tsopano tiwerenga nkhani pogwiritsa nchito njira younika ampangankhani. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 67. Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge mwachinunu. Ntchito17.5.2

Kuyankha mafunso

Tsopano tiyankha mafunso kuchokera pankhani yomwe tawerenga. Ophunzira ayankhe mafunso pa tsamba 69 molemba. Yenderani ndi kuthandiza ophunzira.

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Kambiranani ndi ophunzira mayankho a mafunso ndipo akonze zomwe analakwa.

127

MUTU 17

Phunziro 6 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga nkhani molondola ndi mofulumira  apereka maganizo awo pankhani yomwe awerenga.  apeza aonjezi Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi amaphatikizo

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 3)

Ophunzira atole makadi amaphatikizo awa: ka, nje, nza, o, ni, ra, ka, che, mpa, ng’a, nkha, u ndi de, ndi kupanga mawu awa: ukachenjede, nkhanza, kampani ndi oyang’anira.

Ntchito17.6.1

(Mphindi 7)

Kuwerenga nkhani

Tsopano tiwerenga nkhani molondola ndi mofulumira. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 67. Ophunzira awerenge m’magulu, awiriwiri kapena mmodzimmodzi.

Ntchito17.6.2

(Mphindi 10)

Kupereka maganizo

Tsopano mupereka maganizo anu pankhani yomwe mwawerenga. Ophunzira apereke maganizo awo pa kufunika kwa maphunziro.

Ntchito17.6.3

(Mphindi 10)

Kupeza aonjezi

Tsopano tipeza aonjezi m’ziganizo. Kambiranani ndi ophunzira tanthauzo la muonjezi. Muonjezi ndi mawu omwe amanena za mneni, mfotokozi kapena muonjezi mnzake m’ziganizo. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 70. Kambiranani ndi ophunzira chitsanzo ndi momwe achitire Ntchito B. Ophunzira alembe ntchitoyi. Thandizani ophunzira. Mayankho: 1 kuseri 2 mokweza 3 mwachikondi

4 motsitsa 5 pamphasa

Mathero

(Mphindi 4)

Kambiranani mayankho olondola a ntchitoyi ndipo ophunzira akonze zomwe analakwa.

128

MUTU 17

Phunziro 7 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga mabuku oonjezera  asonyeza ntchito yomwe achita m'sabatayi Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera mabuku oonjezera , chipangizo choyesera

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Ophunzira afotokoze za malo ndi nthawi yochitikira nkhani m’mabuku omwe anawerenga.

Ntchito17.7.1

(Mphindi 25)

Kuwerenga mabuku oonjezera

Tsopano muwerenga mabuku oonjezera. Aliyense asankhe buku lomwe akufuna kuwerenga. Tsatirani ndondomeko yowerengera mabuku oonjezera.

Ntchito17.7.2

Kuyesa ophunzira

Pamene ophunzira akuwerenga mabuku oonjezera, sankhani ophunzira angapo ndi kuwayesa pa zizindikiro zakakhozedwe zam’sabatayi. Kodi wophunzira:

wakhoza bwino kwambiri

wamvetsera nkhani? wawerenga mawu okhala ndi nkh, nj, mp, ng’? walemba lembetso? wawerenga nkhani? wapereka matanthauzo amawu? wayankha mafunso? watsiriza zifanifani? wapeza aonjezi m’ziganizo? wapereka maganizo ake pankhani yomwe wawerenga? wawerenga mabuku oonjezera? wafotokoza zomwe wawerenga m’mabuku oonjezera? wapereka maganizo ake pa nkhani yomwe wawerenga?

129

wakhoza bwino

wakhoza pang’ono

ndi wofunika chithandizo

(Mphindi 5)

Mathero

Ophunzira afotokoze ndi kupereka maganizo awo pa nkhani zomwe awerenga. Lolani ophunzira kuti abwereke mabuku okawerenga kunyumba. Kumbukirani kulembera mabuku onse omwe abwerekedwa.

MUTU 17

Phunziro 8 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira abwereza ntchito yomwe sadachite bwino Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi amawu, tchati la ziganizo

Ntchito17.8.1

Kubwereza ntchito yam'sabatayi

Sankhani ntchito yomwe ophunzira sadachite bwino m'sabatayi ndi kuibwereza.

130

(Mphindi 35)

MUTU 18 Kusunga ndalama kwamakono

Phunziro 1

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  amvetsera nkhani  ayankha mafunso molondola Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera nkhani ya Ndalama zagulu

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Funsani ophunzira kuti atchule magulu osiyanasiyana omwe amapezeka m’dera lawo.

Ntchito18.1.1

(Mphindi 15)

Kumvetsera nkhani

Tsopano tigwiritsa ntchito njira younika ampangankhani. Onani momwe njirayi imagwirira ntchito m’Mutu 4.1.1. Ndalama zagulu M’mudzi mwa Chedza mudali Kalulu, Mbewa, Khwangwala ndi Kamba. Iwo adapanga gulu losunga ndi kubwereketsa ndalama mwezi uliwonse. Iwo adasankha Kalulu kukhala msungachuma wawo. Malamulo awo adali oti munthu akabwereka ndalama azibweza ndi chiongoladzanja chochepa. Munthu akalephera kubweza ndalama zimakhala ngati wabwerekanso ndalamazo. Adagwirizananso kuti adzagawana ndalamazo pakatha chaka chimodzi. Nthawi itakwana yoti agawane ndalama za gulu, Mbewa, Khwangwala ndi Kamba adafika kunyumba kwa Kalulu. Kalulu adatuluka ndipo onse adakhala pabwalo. Kalulu adapereka ndondomeko yonse ya momwe aliyense alandirire ndalamazo. Pamene adalowa m’nyumba kuti akatenge thumba lomwe adasungamo ndalamazo, adapeza thumbalo palibe. Iye adayang’ana m’nyumba monse koma sadalipeze. Izi zidali choncho chifukwa Khoswe adali atakoka thumbalo ndi kukabisa kudenga koma Kalulu sadadziwe. Mbewa, Khwangwala ndi Kamba adadabwa poona kuti Kalulu akuchedwa kutuluka m’nyumba mwake. Iwo adafika pakhomo la nyumba ya Kalulu ndi kugogoda mwaukali. Kalulu adada nkhawa ndipo adasowa pogwira. Iye adatsekula chitseko ndi kuthawa. Khwangwala adangouluka ndi kumpeza Kalulu mwamsanga. Kalulu adayesetsa kufotokoza zomwe zidachitika koma Mbewa, Khwangwala ndi Kamba sadamukhulupirire. M’malo mwake, adapita naye kupolisi atam’manga nyakula.

Ntchito18.1.2

(Mphindi 10)

Kuyankha mafunso

Tsopano ndikufunsani mafunso pa nkhani yomwe mwamvetserayi. Funsani mafunso otsatirawa: 1 Kodi Kalulu amasunga ndalama zagulu mu chiyani? 2 Fotokozani mavuto omwe angadze chifukwa chosunga ndalama m’nyumba? 3 Kodi mukadakhala Mbewa, Khwangwala kapena Kamba mukadamutani Kalulu?

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira kuti afotokoze nkhani yomwe amvetsera.

131

MUTU 18

Phunziro 2 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  alosera nkhani  awerenga nkhani  alemba maganizo awo pa nkhani yomwe awerenga Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzira ndi zoyesera makadi amawu

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Ophunzira atole makadi amawu okhala ndi dz, ng, mb, ndw ndi kuwerenga.

Ntchito18.2.1

(Mphindi 7)

Kulosera nkhani

Tsopano tilosera nkhani pogwiritsa ntchito chithunzi ndi mutu wa nkhani. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 71. Onani momwe njirayi imagwirira ntchito m’Mutu 4.2.1.

Ntchito18.2.2

(Mphindi 10)

Kuwerenga nkhani

Tsopano tiwerenga mokweza nkhani yomwe ili pa tsamba 71. Uzani phunzira kuti awerenge m’magulu, awiriwiri kapena mmodzimmodzi.

Ntchito18.2.3

Kulemba za mpangankhani

(Mphindi 8)

Sankhani mpangankhani ndi kukambirana ndi ophunzira zomwe zawasangalatsa zokhudza mpangankhaniyo. Ophunzira asankhe mpangankhani wina ndi kulemba zomwe zawasangalatsa za iyeyo. Yenderani ndi kuthandiza ophunzira. Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Ophunzira awerenge zomwe alemba zokhudza mpangankhani.

132

MUTU 18

Phunziro 3 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerega ndime ya nkhani  alemba ziganizo mwaluso Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera mtengo wa mawu

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Ophunzira achite mpikisano wowerenga mawu kuchokera pa mtengo wa mawu.

Ntchito 18.3.1

Kuwerenga ndime ya nkhani

(Mphindi 5)

Tsopano tiwerenga ndime imodzi ya nkhani molondola ndi mofulumira yomwe ili pa tsamba 72. Ophunzira awerenge m’magulu, awiriwiri kapena mmodzimmodzi.

Ntchito18.3.2

Kulemba ziganizo mwaluso

(Mphindi 25)

Tsopano tilemba ziganizo mwaluso. Lembani ziganizo zotsatirazi pabolodi ophunzira akuona. Izi zinkadandaulitsa Mfumu Kabotolo. Mfumuyi idaganiza zoitanitsa mlangizi wa bungwe lophunzitsa anthu za kasungidwe ka ndalama. Ophunzira alembe m’makope mwawo mwaluso. Yenderani ndi kuthandiza ophunzira.

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Sankhani ophunzira angapo kuti awerenge ntchito imene alemba.

MUTU 18

Phunziro 4 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga nkhani  apereka matanthauzo a mawu  alemba kalata Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi amawu, tchati la kalata

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 4)

Ophunzira awerenge mawu kuchokera pa makadi ndi kupanga ziganizo.

133

Ntchito18.4.1

(Mphindi 7)

Kuwerenga nkhani

Tsopano tiwerenga nkhani kuchokera m’buku lanu pogwiritsa ntchito njira younika ampangankhani. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 71. Ophunzira awerenge m’magulu, awiriwiri kapena mmodzimmodzi. Uzani ophunzira kuti afotokoze omwe akutenga mbali m’nkhaniyi, zomwe zikuwachitikira/akuchita ndi zifukwa zake.

Ntchito18.4.2

Kupereka matanthauzo a mawu

(Mphindi 5)

Tsopano tipeza matanthauzo a mawu. Gwiritsani ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana. Mawuwa ndi chiwongoladzanja, kondwa ndi limbikira.

Ntchito18.4.3

(Mphindi 15)

Kulemba kalata

Tsopano mulemba kalata yopita kwa makolo anu poyankha mafunso. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 73. Gwiritsani ntchito tchati la kalata posonyeza kayalidwe kake. Kambiranani ndi ophunzira momwe achitire Ntchito A. Thandizani ophunzira.

Mathero

(Mphindi 4)

Kambiranani kalembedwe koyenera ka kalata. Ophunzira akonze zomwe sanachite bwino.

MUTU 18

Phunziro 5 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga nkhani  ayankha mafunso molondola Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera mtengo wa mawu

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Ophunzira awerenge mawu kuchokera pa mtengo wa mawu.

Ntchito18.5.1

(Mphindi 15)

Kuwerenga nkhani

Tsopano muwerenga nkhani kuchokera m’buku lanu pogwiritsa ntchito njira younika ampangankhani. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 71. Ophunzira awerenge mwachinunu.

Ntchito18.5.2

(Mphindi 10)

Kuyankha mafunso

Tsopano muyankha mafunso kuchokera m’nkhani yomwe mwawerenga. Tsekulani pa tsamba 73. Ophunzira alembe mayankho a mafunso. Thandizani ophunzira moyenera.

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Kambiranani ndi ophunzira mayankho a mafunso ndipo akonze zomwe analakwa. 134

MUTU 18

Phunziro 6 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga nkhani molondola ndi mofulumira  apereka maganizo awo pa nkhani yomwe awerenga  apeza afotokozi Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi amawu

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 4)

Ophunzira atole makadi amawu awa: bungwe, chiwongoladzanja, mbiya, limbikira, kondwa ndi kupanga ziganizo.

Ntchito18.6.1

(Mphindi 10)

Kuwerenga nkhani

Tsopano tiwerenga nkhani molondola ndi mofulumira. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 71. Ophunzira awerenge m’magulu, awiriwiri kapena mmodzimmodzi.

Ntchito18.6.2

Kupereka maganizo pa njira yosungira ndalama

(Mphindi 8)

Tsopano mupereka maganizo anu pa nkhani yomwe mwawerenga. Ophunzira asankhe njra imodzi yosungira ndalama yomwe yawasangalatsa ndi kufotokoza zifukwa zake. Sankhani ophunzira angapo kuti afotokozere anzawo.

Ntchito18.6.3

(Mphindi 10)

Kupeza afotokozi

Tsopano tipeza afotokozi m’ziganizo. Tsekulani buku lanu pa tsamba 74. Kambiranani ndi ophunzira tanthauzo, chitsanzo ndi momwe achitire Ntchito B. Ophunzira alembe ntchitoyi. Yenderani ndi kuthandiza ophunzira. Mayankho: 1 zawo 2 ambiri 3 yamakono 4 chochepa 5 zochuluka

Mathero

(Mphindi 3)

Ophunzira apange ziganizo ndi afotokozi awa: yako, wochenjera ndi lofiira.

135

MUTU 18

Phunziro 7 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga mabuku oonjezera  asonyeza ntchito yomwe achita m’sabatayi Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera mabuku oonjezera, chipangizo choyesera

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Ophunzira afotokoze za malo ndi nthawi yochitikira nkhani zomwe adawerenga m’mabuku oonjezera.

Ntchito18.7.1

(Mphindi 25)

Kuwerenga mabuku oonjezera

Tsopano muwerenga mabuku oonjezera. Aliyense asankhe buku lomwe akufuna kuwerenga. Tsatirani ndondomeko yowerengera mabuku oonjezera.

Ntchito18.7.2

Kuyesa ophunzira

Pamene ophunzira akuwerenga mabuku oonjezera, sankhani ophunzira angapo ndi kuwayesa pa zizindikiro zakakhozedwe zam’sabatayi. Kodi wophunzira: wamvetsera nkhani?

wakhoza bwino kwambiri

wawerenga mawu okhala ndi dz, ng, mb, ndw? walemba ziganizo mwaluso? walemba kalata yamchezo? wawerenga nkhani? wapereka matanthauzo amawu? wayankha mafunso? wapereka maganizo ake pankhani yomwe wawerenga? wapeza afotokozi m’ziganizo? wawerenga mabuku oonjezera? wafotokoza zomwe wawerenga m’mabuku oonjezera? wapereka maganizo ake pankhani yomwe wawerenga?

136

wakhoza bwino

wakhoza pang’ono

ndi wofunika chithandizo

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Ophunzira afotokoze zomwe zawasangalatsa kapena zomwe sizinawasangalatse ndi zifukwa zake. Lolani ophunzira kuti abwereke mabuku okawerenga kunyumba. Kumbukirani kulembera mabuku onse omwe abwerekedwa.

MUTU 18

Phunziro 8 Chizindikiro chakakhozedwe Ophunzira abwereza ntchito yomwe sanachite bwino Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi amawu, tchati la ziganizo

Ntchito18.8.1

Kubwereza ntchito yam'sabatayi

Sankhani ntchito yomwe ophunzira sadachite bwino m’sabatayi ndi kuibwereza.

137

(Mphindi 35)

MUTU 19 Kuchulukana

Phunziro 1 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  amvetsera nkhani  ayankha mafunso Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera nkhani ya Kuteteza chilengedwe

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Ophunzira alakatule ndakatulo zomwe akuzidziwa.

Ntchito 19.1.1

(Mphindi 10)

Kumvetsera nkhani

Tsopano mumvetsera nkhani pogwiritsa ntchito njira yolosera kudzera m’mutu wa nkhani. Onani momwe njirayi imagwirira ntchito m’Mutu 4.2.1. Kuteteza chilengedwe Kalekale anthu ankakhala m’tchire. Iwo adali ochepa ndipo adali ndi dera lalikulu. Kudalibe zogawana malire a dziko. Iwo ankadya nyama ndi zipatso zomwe amazipeza m’tchiremo. Adalibe nyumba zokhazikika chifukwa amasamukasamuka. Iwo amagona m’mapanga ndi m’mitengo. Pang’ono ndi pang’ono anthu adayamba kuchulukana. Nyama ndi zipatso zomwe ankadya zidayamba kuchepa. Iwo adayamba kulima kuti apeze chakudya chokwanira. Izi zidachititsa kuti ayambe kukhala ndi malo okhazikika. Potsekula minda, iwo ankadula mitengo kuti mbewu zikule bwino. Lero dzikoli lili ndi anthu ambiri. Malo olima adatheratu. Madera ambiri anthu akulimbirana malo. Mitengonso idatha m’mapiri ndi m’nkhalango chifukwa choidula mwachisawawa. Izi zachititsa kuti mvula isowe komanso nthaka ikhale pambalambanda. Zotsatira zake, mvula ikagwa madzi ankakokolola nthaka. Masiku ano boma likuyesetsa kulangiza anthu za ubwino wokhala ndi ana ochepa m’banja. Ngakhale zili choncho, anthu akuchulukanabe. Achinyamata akulowa m’banja ndi kuyamba kubereka akadali achichepere. Mukatha kuwerenga, kambiranani ndi ophunzira kuti muone ngati zimene analosera zikugwirizana ndi zomwe amvetsera.

Ntchito 19.1.2

(Mphindi 15)

Kuyankha mafunso

Tsopano ndikufunsani mafunso pa nkhani yomwe mwamvetsera. Funsani ophunzira mafunso otsatirawa: 1 Kodi anthu akale amadya chiyani? 2 N’chifukwa chiyani anthu akale amasamukasamuka? 3 Fotokozani kuipa kochulukana m’banja?

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Ophunzira afotokoze nkhani yomwe amvetsera.

138

MUTU 19

Phunziro 2 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  alosera ndakatulo  awerenga ndakatulo  alemba maganizo awo pa ndakatulo yomwe awerenga Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi amawu

(Mphindi 3)

Chiyambi Ophunzira atole makadi a mawu okhala ndi zy, mb, mph, dz ndi kupanga ziganizo.

Ntchito 19.2.1

(Mphindi 8)

Kulosera ndakatulo

Tsopano tilosera ndakatulo pogwiritsa ntchito chithunzi ndi mutu wa ndakatulo. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 75. Onani momwe njirayi imagwirira ntchito m’Mutu 4.2.1.

Ntchito 19.2.2 Kuwerenga ndakatulo

(Mphindi 10)

Tsopano tiwerenga ndakatulo mokweza mawu kuchokera pa tsamba 75. Ophunzira awerenge m’magulu, awiriwiri kapena mmodzimmodzi.

Ntchito 19.2.3

Kulemba za woyankhula

(Mphindi 9)

Kambiranani ndi ophunzira zomwe zawasangalatsa/sizinawasangalatse zokhudza woyankhula ndi zifukwa zake ndipo alembe.

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Ophunzira atole makadi amawu ndi kuwerenga mopikisana.

MUTU 19

Phunziro 3 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga ndime ya ndakatulo  alemba lembetso Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera mtengo wa mawu, tchati la lembetso

139

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 3)

Ophunzira achite mpikisano wowerenga mawu omwe uli pa mtengo wa mawu.

Ntchito 19.3.1

Kuwerenga ndime ya lembetso

(Mphindi 10)

Tsopano tiwerenga ndime ya lembetso molondola ndi mofulumira kuchokera pa tchati. Werengani pamodzi ndi ophunzira.

Ntchito 19.3.2

(Mphindi 18)

Kulemba lembetso

Tsopano mulemba lembetso. Tsatirani ndondomeko yolembera lembetso yomwe yayalidwa m’Mutu 13.3.2. Ndime ya lembetso ndi iyi: Tsiku lokumba/ chitsime litafika,/ nyama zonse/ zidabwera kupatula kalulu./ Madzi adapezeka/ ndipo nyamazi/ zidasangalala./ Izo zidagwirizana/ zolondera chitsimecho/ mosinthana./ Chongani ndi kuthandiza ophunzira moyenera.

Mathero

(Mphindi 4)

Ophunzira asinthane ntchito yawo ndipo awerenge.

MUTU 19

Phunziro 4 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga ndakatulo  apereka matanthauzo amawu  alemba mawu otsutsana m’matanthauzo Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera mtengo wa mawu

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 3)

Ophunzira awerenge mawu okhala ndi ndw, mt, mph, zy kuchokera pa mtengo wa mawu

Ntchito 19.4.1

Kuwerenga ndakatulo

(Mphindi 10)

Tsopano tiwerenga ndakatulo pogwiritsa ntchito njira yopanga ganizo potsatira umboni womwe uli m’ndakatulo ndi zomwe tikuzidziwa kale. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 75. Onani momwe njirayi imagwirira ntchito m’Mutu 12.4.1.

Ntchito 19.4.2

Kupereka matanthauzo amawu

(Mphindi 7)

Tsopano tipereka matanthauzo amawu. Gwiritsani ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana. Mawuwa ndi zyoli, gombeza, umphawi ndi chisodzera. 140

Ntchito 19.4.3

Kulemba mawu otsutsana m’matanthauzo

(Mphindi 10)

Tsopano tilemba mawu otsutsana m’matanthauzo ndi mawu omwe atsekedwa mzere kunsi kwao. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 77. Kambiranani ndi ophunzira chitsanzo ndi momwe achitire ntchitoyi. Uzani ophunzira kuti alembe m’makope mwawo.

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Kambiranani ndi ophunzira mayankho a Ntchito A ndipo akonze zomwe sanachite bwino. Uzani ophunzira kuti akaloweze ndakatulo kwawo.

MUTU 19

Phunziro 5 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga ndakatulo  ayankha mafunso molondola Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi amawu okhala ndi zy, mb, mphw, dz

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 3)

Ophunzira apange ziganizo ndi mawu awa zyoli, gombeza, umphawi ndi chisodzera kuchokera pamakadi.

Ntchito 19.5.1

(Mphindi 15)

Kuwerenga ndakatulo

Tsopano tiwerenga ndakatulo pogwiritsa ntchito njira yopanga ganizo potsatira umboni womwe uli m’ndakatulo ndi zomwe tikuzidziwa kale. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 75. Onani momwe njirayi imagwirira ntchito m’ Mutu 12.4.1. Ophunzira awerenge mwachinunu.

Ntchito 19.5.2

(Mphindi 12)

Kuyankha mafunso

Tsopano tiyankha mafunso kuchokera pa ndakatulo yomwe tawerenga. Tsekulani pa tsamba 77. Ophunzira alembe mayankho a mafunso ndipo muwathandize moyenera.

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Kambiranani ndi ophunzira mayankho a mafunso ndipo akonze zomwe analakwa.

141

MUTU 19

Phunziro 6 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga ndakatulo  ayankha mafunso molondola Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera mtengo wa mawu

(Mphindi 3)

Chiyambi

Ophunzira awerenge mawu awa: zyoli, gombeza, umphawi ndi chisodzera kuchokera pa mtengo wa mawu.

Ntchito 19.6.1

(Mphindi 7)

Kuwerenga ndakatulo

Tsopano muwerenga ndakatulo potsatira kamvekedwe ka ndakatulo. Tsekulani mabuku anu patsamba 75. Ophunzira awerenge m’magulu, awiriwiri kapena mmodzimmodzi.

Ntchito 19.6.2

Kupereka maganizo pa kuchulukana

(Mphindi 12)

Tsopano mupereka maganizo anu pa ndakatulo yomwe mwawerenga. Ophunzira afotokoze zomwe amaziona zikuchitika m’dera mwawo chifukwa cha kuchulukana. Thandizani ophunzira kupereka mayankho okhoza.

Ntchito 19.6.3

Kuika aneni mu nthawi yakale

(Mphindi 10)

Tsopano tiphunzira za mneni wa nthawi yakale. Fotokozerani ophunzira tanthauzo la mneni wa nthawi yakale (uyu ndi mneni yemwe amaonetsa kuti ntchito idachitika kale). Perekani zitsanzo za aneni a m’nthawi yakale m’ziganizo kuchokera patchati. Uzani ophunzira kuti apereke zitsanzo zawo m’ziganizo. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 78. Kambiranani chitsanzo ndi momwe achitire Ntchito B. Ophunzira alembe ntchitoyi. Yenderani ndi kuthandiza ophunzira. Mayankho: 1 ndidalemba 2 adadya 3 adalangiza 4 adacheza 5 adagula

(Mphindi 3)

Mathero Kambiranani ndi ophunzira mayankho a Ntchito B ndipo akonze zomwe analakwa.

142

MUTU 19

Phunziro 7 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga mabuku oonjezera  asonyeza ntchito yomwe achita m’sabatayi Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera: mabuku oonjezera, chipangizo choyesera

(Mphindi 5)

Chiyambi Ophunzira afotokoze zomwe adawerenga m’mabuku oonjezera.

Ntchito 19.7.1

(Mphindi 25)

Kuwerenga mabuku oonjezera

Tsopano muwerenga mabuku oonjezera. Aliyense asankhe buku lomwe akufuna kuwerenga. Tsatirani ndondomeko yowerengera mabuku oonjezera.

Ntchito 19.7.2

Kuyesa ophunzira

Pamene ophunzira akuwerenga mabuku oonjezera, sankhani ophunzira angapo ndi kuwayesa pa zizindikiro zakakhozedwe zam’sabatayi. Kodi wophunzira:

wakhoza bwino kwambiri

wakhoza bwino

wakhoza pang’ono

ndi wofunika chithandizo

wamvetsera nkhani? wawerenga mawu okhala ndi zy, mb, mph, dz? walemba lembetso? wawerenga ndakatulo? wapereka matanthauzo amawu? wayankha mafunso? waika aneni m’nthawi yakale? wapereka maganizo ake pa ndakatulo yomwe wawerenga? wawerenga mabuku oonjezera? wafotokoza zomwe wawerenga m’mabuku oonjezera? wapereka maganizo ake pankhani yomwe wawerenga?

(Mphindi 5)

Mathero

Ophunzira afotokoze ndi kupereka maganizo awo pankhani zomwe awerenga. Lolani ophunzira kuti abwereke mabuku okawerenga kunyumba. Kumbukirani kulembera mabuku onse omwe abwerekedwa. 143

MUTU 19

Phunziro 8 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira abwereza ntchito yomwe sadachite bwino Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi amawu, tchati la ziganizo

Ntchito 19.8.1

Kubwereza ntchito yam’sabatayi

Sankhani ntchito yomwe ophunzira inawavuta m'sabatayi ndi kuibwereza.

144

(Mphindi 35)

MUTU 20 Kubwereza ndi kuyesa

Phunziro 1

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  amvetsera nkhani  ayankha mafunso  afotokoza nkhani yomwe amvetsera Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera nkhani, chingwe cha mawu

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Ophunzira angapo afotokoze nkhani ina iliyonse yomwe adamvapo.

Ntchito 20.1.1

(Mphindi 12)

Kumvetsera nkhani

Sankhani nkhani ina iliyonse yomwe mwaphunzitsa m’Mitu 18 ndi 20. Tsopano mumvetsera nkhani pogwiritsa ntchito njira yolosera kudzera m’mutu wa nkhani. Onani momwe njirayi imagwirira ntchito m’Mutu 4.2.1.

Ntchito20.1.2

(Mphindi 7)

Kuyankha mafunso

Tsopano ndikufunsani mafunso pa nkhani yomwe mwamvetsera. Funsani mafunso pa nkhani yomwe mwawerenga. Thandizani ophunzira kupereka mayankho oyenera.

Ntchito 20.1.3

(Mphindi 6)

Kufotokoza nkhani

Uzani ophunzira kuti afotokoze nkhani yomwe amvetsera.

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Ophunzira achite mpikisano wowerenga mawu osiyanasiyana kuchokera pa chingwe cha mawu.

145

MUTU 20

Phunziro 2 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga nkhani molondola ndi mofulumira.  apereka maganizo awo pa nkhani yomwe awerenga  atsiriza zifanifani Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera tchati la mawu

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 3)

Ophunzira achite sewero lokhwatcha mawu kuchokera pa tchati la mawu.

Ntchito 20.2.1

(Mphindi 9)

Kuwerenga nkhani

Sankhani nkhani imodzi pa zomwe mudaphunzitsa m’Mitu 17 ndi 18. Muwerenga nkhani kuchokera m’buku lanu. Ophunzira awerenge nkhaniyi molondola ndi mofulumira.

Ntchito 20.2.2

Kupereka maganizo pa makhalidwe a mpangankhani

(Mphindi 10)

Ophunzira akhale m’magulu mwawo ndipo asankhe mpangankhani ndi kukambirana makhalidwe ake. Magulu afotokozere anzawo zomwe akambirana.

Ntchito 20.2.3

Kutsiriza zifanifani/ntchedzero

(Mphindi 10)

Tsopano mutsiriza chifanifani/ntchedzero. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 79. Kambiranani ndi ophunzira chitsanzo ndi momwe achitire Ntchito A. Ophunzira alembe ndipo muwathandize moyenera. Mayankho: 1 uchi 2 nkhosa 3 phwetekere 4 kalulu 5 nkhono

Mathero

(Mphindi 3)

Kambiranani ndi ophunzira mayankho a Ntchito A ndipo akonze zomwe sanachite bwino.

146

MUTU 20

Phunziro 3 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  akonzekera kulemba chimangirizo  alemba chimangirizo Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera tchati la mafunso a chimangirizo

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Ophunzira angapo afotokoze nkhani zomwe akuzidziwa.

Ntchito 20.3.1

(Mphindi 7)

Kukonzekera kulemba chimangirizo

Ophunzira atchule masewera osiyanasiyana omwe akuwadziwa ndi kufotokoza momwe amasewerera.

Ntchito 20.3.2

Kulemba chimangirizo

(Mphindi 18)

Tsopano tilemba chimangirizo pa mutu woti ‘Masewera omwe ndimawakonda’. Kambiranani ndi ophunzira momwe alembere chimangirizochi poyankha mafunso kuchokera pa tchati. 1 2 3 4 5

Perekani dzina la masewera omwe mumakonda. Kodi masewerawo amasewerera kuti? Nanga amasewera bwanji? Amasewera anthu angati? N’chifukwa chiyani mumakonda masewerawo?

Ophunzira alembe chimangirizo chawo ndipo muwathandize kutambasula maganizo moyenera.

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Ophunzira angapo awerenge zomwe alemba.

MUTU 20

Phunziro 4 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga nkhani  alemba maganizo awo pankhani yomwe awerenga  apereka matanthauzo amawu Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera tchati la mawu, zitsekerero

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Ophunzira apange mawu pogwiritsa ntchito zitsekerero.

147

Ntchito 20.4.1

(Mphindi 10)

Kuwerenga nkhani

Sankhani nkhani imodzi yomwe mudaphunzitsa m'mitu 17 ndi 18. Tsopano muwerenga nkhani kuchokera m’buku lanu. Ophunzira awerenge molondola ndi mofulumira pogwiritsa ntchito njira zomwe adaphunzira pofuna kumvetsa nkhani.

Ntchito 20.4.2

(Mphindi 7)

Kulemba za malo ndi nthawi

Kambiranani ndi ophunzira za malo ndi nthawi yochitikira nkhani ndipo alembe. Ntchito 20.4.3

(Mphindi 8)

Kuunikanso matanthauzo amawu

Bwerezani kukambirana ndi ophunzira matanthaunzo amawu omwe adaphunzira m'mitu 16 mpaka 19. Gwiritsani ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana. Uzani ophunzira kuti apange ziganizo zomveka bwino ndi ena mwa mawuwo.

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Chitani sewero lokhwatcha mawu pogwiritsa ntchito tchati la mawu.

MUTU 20

Phunziro 5 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga nkhani  atsiriza ntchedzero molondola Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi a mawu

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Ophunzira atole makadi a mawu ndi kupanga ziganizo.

Ntchito 20.5.1

(Mphindi 10)

Kuwerenga nkhani

Tsopano muwerenga nkhani pogwirirtsa ntchito njira zomwe mwaphunzira kale. Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge nkhani mwachinunu.

Ntchito 20.5.2

Kupeza mawu otsutsana m’matanthauzo

(Mphindi 15)

Tsopano mupereka mawu otsutsana m’matanthauzo. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 80. Kambiranani ndi ophunzira chitsanzo ndi momwe achitire Ntchito B. Ophunzira alembe ntchitoyi. Yenderani ndi kuthandiza ophunzira. Mayankho: 1 bambo 2 mwaphamvu 3 bwera 4 khoza/pambana 5 lowawa

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Kambiranani ndi ophunzira mayankho a ntchitoyi ndipo akonze zomwe sanachite bwino. 148

MUTU 20

Phunziro 6 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  

awerenga ndakatulo alakatula ndakatulo

Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi a mawu

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Ophunzira afotokoze kuipa kwa kuchulukana m’banja, m’dera kapena m’dziko.

Ntchito 20.6.1

(Mphindi 15)

Kuwerenga ndakatulo

Tsopano muwerenga ndakatulo ya Kuchulukana. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 75. Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge ndakatuloyi mwachinunu. Limbikitsani ophunzira kuti aloweze ndakatuloyi.

Ntchito 20.6.2

(Mphindi 10)

Kulakatula ndakatulo

Tsopano tilakatula ndakatulo. Uzani ophunzira kuti alakatule m’magulu kapena awiriawiri.

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Ophunzira achite masewera a bingo powerenga mawu kuchokera pamakadi.

149

MUTU 20

Phunziro 7 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga macheza molondola ndi mofulumira  apeza afotokozi m’ziganizo Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera zinthu zopezeka m’kalasi

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Ophunzira atchule mawu okhala ndi mb, nd, ng’ mp, mch, ndw, nthw, zy, mt, nd ndi dz.

Ntchito 20.7.1

(Mphindi 10)

Kuwerenga macheza

Bwerezani macheza omwe mudaphunzitsa m'Mutu 16. Tsopano muwerenga macheza kuchokera m’buku lanu. Ophunzira awerenge molondola ndi mofulumira pogwiritsa ntchito njira zomwe aphunzira pofuna kumvetsa nkhani.

Ntchito 20.7.2

Kupeza afotokozi m’ziganizo

(Mphindi 15)

Tsopano tipeza afotokozi m’ziganizo. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 80. Kambiranani chitsanzo ndipo ophunzira alembe Ntchito C. Yenderani ndi kuthandiza ophunzira. Mayankho 1 yobiriwira 2 waphula 3 yonenepa 4 ochuluka 5 inayi

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Kambiranani ndi ophunzira mayankho olondola ndipo akonze zomwe analakwa.

MUTU 20

Phunziro 8 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga mabuku oonjezera  aunika ampangankhani ndi makhalidwe awo Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera mabuku oonjezera

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Ophunzira angapo afotokoze nkhani zomwe adawerenga m’mabuku oonjezera.

150

Ntchito 20.8.1

Kuwerenga mabuku oonjezera

(Mphindi 18)

Tsopano muwerenga mabuku oonjezera. Aliyense asankhe buku lomwe akufuna kuwerenga. Tsatirani ndondomeko yowerengera mabuku oonjezera.

Ntchito 20.8.2

(Mphindi 7)

Kuunika ampangankhani

Tsopano tiunika ampangankhani kuchokera m’nkhani zomwe tawerenga. Ophunzira atchule ampangankhani omwe ali m’nkhani zomwe awerenga ndipo afotokoze makhalidwe awo.

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Ophunzira apereke maganizo awo pa nkhani zomwe awerenga. Lolani ophunzira kuti abwereke mabuku okawerenga kunyumba. Kumbukirani kulembera mabuku omwe ophunzira abwereka.

151

MUTU 21 Ulimi wamakono

Phunziro 1 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  amvetsera ndakatulo  ayankha mafunso Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera ndakatulo ya Ulimi wa makono

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira kuti alosere zomwe amvetsere pa mutu wa Ulimi wamakonoǤ

Ntchito 21.1.1

Kumvetsera ndakatulo

(Mphindi 15)

Tsopano mumvetsera ndakatulo pogwiritsa ntchito njira yolosera kudzera m’mutu wa ndakatulo. Onani momwe njirayi imagwirira ntchito m’Mutu 4.2.1. Ulimi wa makono Wakale ulimi udapita Udapita kudabwera wamakono Wamakono wolima ndi thirakitala Thirakitala yolima munda waukulu Munda waukulu tsiku limodzi psiti Wakale ulimi udapita Udapita kudadza wamakono Wamakono wotchedwa mtayakhasu Wamtayakhasu susowa kupalira Kupalira kuchotsa tchire mbee Wakale ulimi udapita Udapita kudabwera wamakono Wamakono wotchedwa mleranthaka Mleranthaka wophimba nthaka Wophimba nthaka ndi mapesi Wakale ulimi udapita Udapita kudabwera wamakono Wamakono wotchedwa mthirira Wamthirira wokololetsa zambiri Wokololetsa kawiri pachaka

Ntchito 21.1.2

(Mphindi 10)

Kuyankha mafunso

Tsopano ndikufunsani mafunso pa ndakatulo yomwe mwamvetsera. Funsani mafunso otsatirawa: 1 Tchulani mitundu ya ulimi wamakono. 2 Kodi ulimi wakale udali wotani? 3 Fotokozani phindu la ulimi wamakono?

152

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Ophunzira angapo afotokoze ndakatulo yomwe amvetsera.

MUTU 21

Phunziro 2 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  alosera macheza  awerenga macheza  alemba maganizo awo pa macheza omwe awerenga Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi a mawu/ mtengo wa mawu

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Ophunzira awerenge mawu okhala ndi bz, ny, nd, mw, kuchokera pa makadi mofulumira.

Ntchito 21.2.1

(Mphindi 8)

Kulosera macheza

Tsopano tilosera macheza pogwiritsa ntchito chithunzi ndi mutu wa macheza. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 81. Onani momwe njirayi. imagwirira ntchito m’Mutu 4.2.1

Ntchito 21.2.2

(Mphindi 8)

Kuwerenga macheza

Tsopano tiwerenga macheza mokweza mawu kuchokera pa tsamba 81. Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge m’magulu kapena awiriawiri.

Ntchito 21.2.3

Kulemba za makhalidwe a mtengambali

(Mphindi 9)

Sankhani mtengambali ndi kukambirana ndi ophunzira zomwe zawasangalatsa zokhudza mtengambaliyo. Uzani ophunzira kuti alembe za makhalidwe a mtengambaliyo.

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Ophunzira achite mpikisano wowerenga mawu kuchokera pa mtengo wa mawu.

153

MUTU 21

Phunziro 3 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga macheza  alemba lembetso Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera nkhokwe ya mawu

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Ophunzira achite mpikisano wowerenga mawu kuchokera m’nkhokwe ya mawu.

Ntchito 21.3.1

(Mphindi 8)

Kuwerenga macheza

Ophunzira awerenge macheza molondola ndi mofulumira kuchokera pa tsamba 81.

Ntchito 21.3.2

(Mphindi 18)

Kulemba lembetso

Tsopano mulemba lembetso. Tsatirani ndondomeko yolembetsera lembetso yomwe yayalidwa m’Mutu 13.3.2. Ndime ya lembetso ndi iyi: Kudera lina/ kudali mlimi/ wotchedwa Chamdimba./ Iye amabzala mbewu/ potsatira njira za ulimi/ wa makono./ Chamdimba/ amawetanso ziweto. Chongani ntchito ya ophunzira ndi kuthandiza ophunzira.

Mathero

(Mphindi 4)

Kambiranani ndi ophunzira momwe akanalembera lembetsoli poona ndimeyi m’buku kapena patchati.

MUTU 21

Phunziro 4 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga macheza  apereka matanthauzo amawu  alemba ubwino waulimi wamakono Zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi amaphatikizo

154

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 3)

Ophunzira apange mawu pogwiritsa ntchito makadi amaphatikizo awa: nyo, a, bza, mwa, wa, cho, na, li, re, ma, nji, la, nde ndi mawu monga bzala, manyowa, mwanaalirenji.

Ntchito 21.4.1

(Mphindi 8)

Kuwerenga macheza

Tsopano muwerenga macheza pogwiritsa ntchito njira yodzifunsa mafunso. Onani pa momwe njirayi imagwirira ntchito m’Mutu 2.4.1. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 81. Werengani nkhaniyi. Ophunzira awerenge m’magulu/awiriawiri.

Ntchito 21.4.2

Kupereka matanthauzo a mawu

(Mphindi 7)

Tsopano tipereka matanthauzo amawu. Gwiritsani ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana. Mawuwa ndi bzala, mleranthaka, mwanaalirenji ndi chonde.

Ntchito 21.4.3

Kulemba ubwino wa ulimi wamakono

(Mphindi 12)

Tsopano mulemba ubwino wa ulimi wamakono. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 85. Kambiranani ndi ophunzira chitsanzo ndi momwe achitire Ntchito A. Ophunzira alembe ntchitoyi. Yenderani ndi kuthandiza ophunzira. Mayankho: 1 m’munda mumakhala chonde 2 mlimi amakolola zochuluka 3 mlimi amapeza phindu lochuluka

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Kambiranani ndi ophunzira mayankho a Ntchito A ndipo akonze zomwe sadachite bwino.

MUTU 21

Phunziro 5 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga macheza  ayankha mafunso Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi amawu

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Ophunzira apange ziganizo ndi mawu omwe ali pamakadi.

Ntchito 21.5.1 Kuwerenga macheza

(Mphindi 15)

Tsopano muwerenga macheza pogwiritsa ntchito njira yodzifunsa mafunso. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 81. Ophunzira awerenge mwachinunu. 155

Ntchito 21.5.2

(Mphindi 10)

Kuyankha mafunso

Tsopano muyankha mafunso kuchokera pankhani yomwe mwawerenga. Tsekulani pa tsamba 84. Ophunzira ayankhe mafunso molemba ndipo muwathandize moyenera.

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Kambiranani ndi ophunzira mayankho a mafunso ndipo akonze zomwe analakwa.

MUTU 21

Phunziro 6



Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga macheza molondola ndi mofulumira  achita sewero la macheza  aika zizindikiro zam’kalembedwe Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi amawu, tchati la ziganizo

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 4)

Ophunzira apange ziganizo ndi mawu omwe ali pa makadiǤ

Ntchito 21.6.1 Kuwerenga macheza

(Mphindi 8)

Tsopano tiwerenga macheza molondola ndi mofulumira. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 81. Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge m’magulu/awiriawiri.

Ntchito 21.6.2

Kuchita sewero la macheza

(Mphindi 10)

Tsopano muchita sewero la macheza omwe mwawerenga. Ophunzira achite sewero la macheza m’magulu/awiriawiri. Thandizani ophunzira moyenera.

Ntchito 21.6.3

Kuika zizindikiro zam’kalembedwe

(Mphindi 10)

Tsopano tiika zizindikiro zam’kalembedwe m’ziganizo. Kumbutsani ophunzira momwe zizindikirozi zimagwirira ntchito. (Onani m’Mutu 4.6.3.). Kambiranani ndi ophunzira chitsanzo ndi momwe achitire Ntchito B pa tsamba 85.

Mathero

(Mphindi 3)

Kambiranani ndi ophunzira mayankho olondola ndipo akonze zomwe analakwa.

156

MUTU 21

Phunziro 7 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga mabuku oonjezera  asonyeza ntchito yomwe achita m’sabatayi

 Chiyambi

Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera mabuku oonjezera , chipangizo choyesera

(Mphindi 5)

Ophunzira afotokoze nkhani zomwe adawerenga m’mabuku oonjezera.

Ntchito 21.7.1

(Mphindi 25)

Kuwerenga mabuku oonjezera

Tsopano muwerenga mabuku oonjezera. Aliyense asankhe buku lomwe akufuna kuwerenga. Tsatirani ndondomeko yowerengera mabuku oonjezera.

Ntchito 21.7.2

Kuyesa ophunzira

Pamene ophunzira akuwerenga mabuku oonjezera, sankhani ophunzira angapo ndi kuwayesa pa zizindikiro zakakhozedwe zam’sabatayi. Kodi wophunzira:

wakhoza bwino kwambiri

wamvetsera ndakatulo? wawerenga mawu okhala ndi bz, ny, nd, mw? walemba lembetso ? wawerenga nkhani? wapereka matanthauzo amawu? wayankha mafunso? walemba ubwino wa ulimi wamakono? wapereka maganizo ake pa nkhani yomwe wawerenga? waika zizindikiro zam’kalembedwe m’ziganizo? wawerenga mabuku oonjezera? wafotokoza zomwe wawerenga m’mabuku oonjezera? wapereka maganizo ake pa nkhani yomwe wawerenga m’mabuku oonjezera? 157

wakhoza bwino

wakhoza pang’ono

ndi wofunika chithandizo

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Ophunzira afotokoze zomwe zawasangalatsa/sizinawasangalatse ndi zifukwa zake pa nkhani zomwe awerenga. Lolani ophunzira kuti abwereke mabuku okawerenga kunyumba. Kumbukirani kuchita kalembera wa mabuku onse omwe abwerekedwa. MUTU 21

Phunziro 8 Chizindikiro chakakhozedwe Ophunzira: abwereza ntchito yomwe sadachite bwino Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi a mawu, mtengo wa mawu

Ntchito 21.8.1

Kubwereza ntchito yam’sabatayi

Sankhani ntchito yomwe ophunzira sadachite bwino m'sabatayi ndi kuibwereza.

158

(Mphindi 35)

MUTU 22 Zikhulupiriro zakale

Phunziro 1

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  amvetsera nkhani  ayankha mafunso molondola Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera nkhani ya Zikhulupiliro zamakolo

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Ophunzira afotokoze nkhani zomwe adamvapo.

Ntchito 22.1.1

(Mphindi 14)

Kumvetsera nkhani

Tsopano mumvetsera nkhani pogwiritsa ntchito njira yolosera kudzera m’mutu wa nkhani. Onani momwe njirayi imagwirira ntchito m’Mutu 4.2.1. Zikhulupiriro zamakolo Tsiku lina Chikondi, Ulemu ndi Mphatso ankasewera kwawo. Iwo adaona atambala awiri akumenyana. Chikondi adati kumenyanako kumatanthauza kuti kunyumbako kubwera alendo. Atatuwa adapitiriza kukambirana: Ulemu

Ayi, si choncho. Nkhukuzi zimamenyana kawirikawiri.

Chikondi

Ndikunena zoona.

Mphatso

Tiyeni tikafunse agogo.

Atatuwo adapita kwa agogo awo. Agogowo anali kucheza ndi anzawo, a Nachanza. Mphatso

Eti agogo, atambala akamamenyana ndiye kuti kubwera alendo?

Agogo

Eya, mwanawe. Izi ndi zomwe tinkakhulupirira kale.

A Nachanza

Ukaonanso mwana akusenza katundu panyumba, tinkati kubwera alendo.

Agogo

Tidali ndi zikhulupiriro zambiri, zolosera tsoka kapena mwayi. Mwachitsanzo, ukalota ukuwedza zambo, ukugwira inswa kapena ukuzula bowa, tinkati umenewo ndi mwayi.

A Nachanza

Koma pamene waona nsalulu kapena walota utanyamula milamba, tinkati limenelo ndi tsoka.

Mphatso

Kodi nsalulu ndi chiyani?

A Nachanza

Ooh! Sukudziwa? Ndi njoka yooneka ngati buluzi

Chikondi

Agogo, mnzanga winanso amati chikope chikamagwedera ndiye kuti ulandira kanthu.

Agogo

Eetu, ndi choncho. M’manjanso mukamanyerenyetsa ndiye kuti ulandira kanthu.

Ulemu

Kodi agogo, zimenezi zimachitikanso masiku ano?

Agogo

Eya, koma anthu sazikhulupirira kwenikweni chifukwa cha kusintha kwa zinthu.

Anawo adaonetsa chidwi pamene ankauzidwa zimenezi. Iwo adasangalala kwambiri kuti adamva zikhulupiriro zina zakale.

159

Ntchito 22.1.2

(Mphindi 11)

Kuyankha mafunso

Tsopano ndikufunsani mafunso pankhani yomwe mwamvetsera. Funsani mafunso otsatirawa: 1 N’chifukwa chiyani Chikondi adati kubwera alendo? 2 Tchulani chikhulupiriro china chomwe chinkasonyeza kuti pakhomo pabwera alendo. 3 Fotokozani zikhulupiriro zina zomwe zili ku dera lanu.

(Mphindi 5)

Mathero Ophunzira angapo afotokoze nkhani yomwe amvetsera.

MUTU 22

Phunziro 2 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  alosera nkhani  awerenga nkhani  alemba maganizo awo pankhani yomwe awerenga Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi amawu

(Mphindi 5)

Chiyambi Ophunzira atole makadi amawu okhala ndi ch, ns, kw, dz, ndi kupanga ziganizo.

Ntchito 22.2.1

(Mphindi 5)

Kulosera nkhani

Tsopano tilosera nkhani kudzera mu chithunzi ndi mutu wa nkhani. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 86. Onani momwe njirayi imagwirira ntchito m’Mutu 4.2.1.

Ntchito 22.2.2

(Mphindi 15)

Kuwerenga nkhani

Tsopano tiwerenga nkhani mokweza. Ophunzira awerenge m’magulu, awiriawiri kapena mmodzimmodzi.

Ntchito 22.2.3

kulemba za mpangankhani

(Mphindi 7)

Uzani ophunzira kuti asankhe mpangankhani mmodzi yemwe wawasangalatsa kapena sanawatsangalatse ndi kulemba mwachidule.

(Mphindi 5)

Mathero Ophunzira angapo awerenge zomwe alemba. 160

MUTU 22

Phunziro 3 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  atchula magawo a chimangirizo  alemba chimangirizo Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera mtengo wa mawu

(Mphindi 5)

Chiyambi Ophunzira awerenge chimangirizo chimodzi chomwe adalemba m’phunziro lam’mbuyo.

Ntchito 22.3.1

Kukonzekera kulemba chimangirizo

(Mphindi 5)

Ophunzira atchule maphunziro omwe amawakonda ndi zifukwa zake.

Ntchito 22.3.2

(Mphindi 20)

Kulemba chimangirizo

Tsopano mulemba chimangirizo pamutu woti Maphunziro omwe ndimakonda. Kambiranani ndi ophunzira momwe alembere chimangirizochi poyankha mafunso awa: 1 2 3 4 5

Tchulani maphunziro omwe mumaphunzira? Nanga inu mumakonda maphunziro ati? N’chifukwa chiyani mumakonda maphunzirowo? Ndi ntchito yanji yomwe mumafuna mudzagwire? Maphunzirowo adzakuthandizani pa bwanji kudzagwira ntchito yomwe mumakhumba.

Uzani ophunzira kuti alembe chimangirizo m’makope mwawo. Yenderani ophunzira pomwe akulemba ndi kuthandiza omwe zikuwavuta.

(Mphindi 5)

Mathero Funsani ophunzira angapo kuti awerenge zomwe alemba.

MUTU 22

Phunziro 4 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga nkhani  apereka matanthauzo a mawu  apereka matanthauzo osiyana amawu amodzi Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera zitsekerero

161

(Mphindi 3)

Chiyambi

Ophunzira aimbe nyimbo yogwirizana ndi phunziroli monga Mvula kolole… ndipo uzani ophunzira kuti afotokoze phunziro lomwe apeza mu nyimboyi.

Ntchito 22.4.1

Kuphunzitsa njira yofotokoza nkhani mwachidule

(Mphindi 8)

Tsopano tiphunzira njira yofotokoza nkhani mwachidule. M’njirayi timawerenga nkhani ndi kupeza mfundo zikuluzikulu. Tikatero timalumikiza mfundozo momveka bwino pogwiritsa ntchito mawu athu. Njirayi imatithandiza kutola mfundo zikuluzikulu za nkhani.

Ntchito 22.4.2

(Mphindi 10)

Kuwerenga nkhani

Tsopano tiwerenga nkhani pogwiritsa ntchito njira yofotokoza nkhani mwachidule. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 86. Sonyezani momwe njirayi imagwirira ntchito. Mwachitsanzo: Werengani ndime imodzi yankhani ndi kuima pang’ono. Pezani mfundo yaikulu m’ndimeyi ndi kulemba pa bolodi. (Kalekale anthu ankhakhulupirira kuti mvula siimagwa mizimu ikakwiya. Zikatero amathira nsembe.) Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge nkhani m’magulu ndi kupeza mfundo zikuluzikulu. Kenaka lumikizani momveka bwino mfundo zikuluzikulu zomwe ophunzira apeza.

Ntchito 22.4.2

Kupereka matanthauzo amawu

(Mphindi 7)

Tsopano tipeza matanthauzo amawu. Gwiritsani ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana. Mawuwa ndi nsembe, kachisi, kwiya ndi pembedza.

Ntchito 22.4.3

Kupereka matanthauzo osiyana a mawu amodzi

(Mphindi 12)

Tsopano tipereka matanthauzo osiyana a mawu amodzi. Tsekulani pa tsamba 88. Kambiranani ndi ophunzira chitsanzo ndi momwe achitire Ntchito A. Mayankho: 1 chomera /ndalama zogulitsira chinthu 2 osapita nawo/lamoto/khala pansi 3 chiwala/dengu 4 ndiwo zopota/matenda apakhungu/kutha psiti 5 chotsa pamoto/ulimbo

(Mphindi 3)

Mathero Ophunzira apange mawu okhala ndi ch, ns, kw, dz, pogwiritsa ntchito zitsekerero.

MUTU 22

Phunziro 5 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga nkhani  ayankha mafunso molondola Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi amawu, mtengo wa mawu

162

(Mphindi 3)

Chiyambi

Ophunzira apange ziganizo ndi mawu awa: kachisi, nsembe, kwiya, pembedza, kuchokera pamakadi.

Ntchito 22.5.1

(Mphindi 13)

Kuwerenga nkhani

Tsopano muwerenga nkhani pogwiritsa ntchito njira yofotokoza nkhani mwachidule. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 86. Ophunzira awerenge mwachinunu.

Ntchito 22.5.2

(Mphindi 12)

Kuyankha mafunso

Tsopano muyankha mafunso kuchokera pankhani yomwe mwawerenga. Tsekulani pa tsamba 87. Ophunzira alembe mayankho a mafunso ndipo muwathandize moyenera.

(Mphindi 5)

Mathero Kambiranani ndi ophunzira mayankho a mafunso ndipo akonze zomwe analakwa.

MUTU 22

Phunziro 6 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga nkhani molondola ndi mofulumira  apereka maganizo awo pa nkhani yomwe awerenga  asintha aneni kukhala m’nthawi yakale Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira,zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi amawu

(Mphindi 5)

Chiyambi

Ophunzira atole makadi omwe ali ndi maphatikizo awa: ka, nse, chi, kwi, dza, ya, mbe, si, pe ndi kuchita mpikisano wopanga mawu awa: kachisi, nsembe, kwiya ndi pembedza.

Ntchito 22.6.1

(Mphindi 10)

Kuwerenga nkhani

Tsopano tiwerenga nkhani molondola ndi mofulumira. Tsekulani mabuku anu patsamba 86. Ophunzira kuti awerenge m’magulu/awiriawiri/mmodzimmodzi.

Ntchito 22.6.2

Kupereka maganizo pa zikhulupiriro zakale

(Mphindi 7)

Kambiranani ndi ophunzira nkhani ya Zikhulupiriro zakale yomwe awerenga. Ophunzira afotokoze maganizo awo pa zikhulupirirozo.

163

Ntchito 22.6.3

(Mphindi 10)

Kusintha aneni

Tsopano musintha aneni kukhala m’nthawi yakale. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 89. Kambiranani ndi ophunzira chitsanzo ndi momwe achitire Ntchito B. Ophunzira alembe ntchitoyi ndipo muwathandize moyenera.

(Mphindi 4)

Mathero Kambiranani ndi ophunzira mayankho a Ntchito B ndipo akonze zomwe sanachite bwino.

MUTU 22

Phunziro 7 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga mabuku oonjezera  asonyeza ntchito yomwe achita m'sabatayi Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera mabuku oonjezera , chipangizo choyesera

(Mphindi 5) Chiyambi Ophunzira afotokoze za ampangankhani omwe adawasangalatsa mabuku oonjezera omwe adawerenga. Ntchito 22.7.1

(Mphindi 25)

Kuwerenga mabuku oonjezera

Tsopano muwerenga mabuku oonjezera. Aliyense asankhe buku lomwe akufuna kuwerenga. Tsatirani ndondomeko yowerengera mabuku oonjezera.

Ntchito 22.7.2

Kuyesa ophunzira

Pamene ophunzira akuwerenga mabuku oonjezera, sankhani ophunzira angapo ndi kuwayesa pa zizindikiro zakakhozedwe zam’sabatayi. Kodi wophunzira:

wakhoza bwino kwambiri

wamvetsera nkhani? wawerenga mawu okhala ndi dz, ns, kw, ch? walemba chimangirizo ? wawerenga nkhani? wapereka matanthauzo amawu? wapereka matanthauzo osiyana amawu amodzi? wayankha mafunso? 164

wakhoza bwino

wakhoza pang’ono

ndi wofunika chithandizo

wasintha aneni kupita m’nthawi yakale? wapereka maganizo ake pankhani yomwe wawerenga? wawerenga mabuku oonjezera? wafotokoza zomwe wawerenga m’mabuku oonjezera? wapereka maganizo ake pankhani yomwe wawerenga?

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Ophunzira afotokoze ndipo apereke maganizo awo pankhani zomwe awerenga. Lolani ophunzira kuti abwereke mabuku okawerenge kunyumba. Kumbukirani kulembera mabuku onse omwe abwerekedwa.

MUTU 22

Phunziro 8 Chizindikiro chakakhozedwe Ophunzira abwereza ntchito yomwe sadachite bwino Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira , zophunzirira ndi zoyesera zipangizo zogwirizana ndi phunziro

Ntchito 22.8.1

Kubwereza ntchito yam'sabatayi

Sankhani ntchito yomwe ophunzira sadachite bwino m'sabatayi ndi kubwereza.

165

(Mphindi 35)

MUTU 23 Ubwino wogulitsa mbewu pagulu

Phunziro 1

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  amvetsera nkhani  ayankha mafunso molondola Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera nkhani ya Fulu asintha maganizo

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Ophunzira angapo afotokoze nkhani zomwe adamvapo kapena adawerenga. Kambiranani ndi ophunzira zomwe afotokozaǤ

Ntchito 23.1.1

(Mphindi 18)

Kumvetsera nkhani

Tsopano mumvetsera nkhani pogwiritsa ntchito njira yolumikiza zomwe mukudziwa kale ndi zimene mumvetsere. Tchulani mutu wa nkhani ndipo ophunzira afotokoze zomwe akudziwa kale pamutuwo. Werengani nkhaniyi ndi kulimbikitsa ophunzira kugwiritsa ntchito njirayi pamene akumvetsera. Fulu asintha maganizo Fulu adali mmodzi mwa alimi odziwika m’mudzi mwa Mfumu Tigwirizane. Iye amalima chimanga, mtedza ndi nyemba. Zina mwa zokolola zake amadya koma zambiri ankagulitsa. M’mudzimo mudalinso alimi ena monga Kalulu, Chipembere ndi Njati. Alimiwo adakhazikitsa gulu lowathandiza kugulitsa zokolola zawo. Adachita izi pofuna kuti azipeza phindu lochuluka pa zokololazo. Alimiwo ankaopa kuti akamagulitsa payekhapayekha, azigulitsa pa mtengo wotsika. Fulu sadafune kulowa mu gululi. Iye ankaganiza kuti anzakewo azimuchenjerera pogawana ndalama. Tsiku lina Kalulu adachezera Fulu. Akucheza, Kalulu adamufunsa mnzakeyo kuti, “Kodi bwanawe, bwanji sudalowe nawo gulu lathu kuti tidzigulitsa zokolola zathu limodzi?” “Inetu ndimaopa kuti mungamandipusitse ndi kumandibera ndalama.” Adayankha Fulu. “Ayi, sititero. Palibe amene amabera mnzake,” adatero Kalulu. Kalulu adamunyengerera mnzakeyo koma adakanitsitsa. Nthawi yogulitsa zokolola itakwana, kudamveka kuti kudali msika wina komwe zokololazo zinkagulitsidwa pa mtengo wokwera kwambiri. Mlimi aliyense adafuna kukagulitsa kumeneko kuti apeze phindu lochuluka. Popeza kudali kutali, padafunika ngolo yoti inyamule zokololazo. Mwini ngoloyo ankalipiritsa mtengo wokwera. Izi sizinali zovuta kwa alimi apagulu chifukwa ankasonkherana ndalama zolipira wangoloyo. Fulu zidamuvuta kuti aitanitse ngolo payekha. Phindu la zokolola zake likadakhala lochepa zedi. Pamenepa ndi pomwe adavomereza kuti kugulitsa pagulu kudali kothandiza.

Ntchito 23.1.2

(Mphindi 7)

Kuyankha mafunso

Tsopano ndikufunsani mafunso pankhani yomwe mwamvetsera. Funsani mafunso otsatirawa: 1 Kodi ubwino wogulitsa zokolola pagulu ndi wotani? 2 N’chifukwa chiyani Fulu adakana kulowa m’gulu? 3 Fotokozani phunziro lomwe mwapeza kuchokera m’nkhaniyi.

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Ophunzira achite sewero pa zomwe amvetsera. 166

MUTU 23

Phunziro 2 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  alosera nkhani  awerenga nkhani  alemba za malo ochitikira nkhani Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera kadi la mawu

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Ophunzira apange mawu osiyanasiyana kuchokera pa mawu woti akagulitsa ndi kupanga mawu monga awa: galu, saka, aka, sita, gula, gulitsa, akagula ndi agulitsa.

Ntchito 23.2.1

(Mphindi 5)

Kulosera nkhani

Tsopano tilosera nkhani kudzera m’chithunzi ndi mutu wa nkhani. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 90. Onani momwe njirayi imagwirira ntchito m’Mutu 4.2.1.

Ntchito 23.2.2

Kuwerenga nkhani

Ntchito 23.2.3

Kulemba za malo ochitikira nkhani

(Mphindi 8)

Tsopano tiwerenga nkhani mokweza. Ophunzira awerenge m’magulu, awiriawiri kapena mmodzimmodzi.

(Mphindi 12)

Kambiranani ndi ophunzira za malo ochitikira nkhani ndipo alembe zimene zidachitika pa malopo.

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Ophunzira achite sewero la Banja la a Njuchi.

MUTU 23

Phunziro 3 Zizindikizo zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga ndime yankhani  alemba ndime mwaluso Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi amawu

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Ophunzira atole makadi a mawu awa: makenjuchi, mgwirizano, uchi, ndi khumudwa ndi kupanga ziganizo.

Ntchito 23.3.1

Kuwerenga ndime ya nkhani

(Mphindi 7)

Tsopano muwerenga ndime imodzi ya nkhani molondola ndi mofulumira pa tsamba 90. Ophunzira awerenge m’magulu, awiriawiri kapena mmodzimmodzi. 167

Ntchito 23.3.2

Kulemba ndime mwaluso

(Mphindi 18)

Tsopano mulemba ndime mwaluso. Tsatirani ndondomeko yolemba mwaluso. A Njolinjo adali mlimi wa mtedza, nyemba, chimanga ndi soya. Iwo amakolola mbewu zochuluka. Ngakhale amakolola zochuluka, iwo samapindula. Yenderani ndi kuthandiza ophunzira moyenera.

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Ophunzira asinthane ntchito yomwe alemba ndipo awerenge.

MUTU 23

Phunziro 4 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga nkhani  apereka matanthauzo amawu  alemba chimangirizo chofotokoza zomwe zikuchitika m’zithunzi Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera zithunzi zam’buku la ophunzira pa tsamba 88

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 3)

Ophunzira apange ziganizo ndi mawu awa: bungwe, mgwirizano ndi phindu.

Ntchito 23.4.1

Kuwerenga nkhani

Ntchito 23.4.2

Kupereka matanthauzo amawu

(Mphindi 8)

Tsopano tiwerenga nkhani polozera mfundo zikuluzikulu. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 90. Onani momwe njirayi imagwirira ntchito m’Mutu 6.1.2. Ophunzira awerenge m’magulu, awiriawiri kapena mmodzimmodzi.

(Mphindi 5)

Tsopano tipereka matanthauzo a mawu. Gwiritsani ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana. Mawuwa ndi bungwe, mgwirizano ndi phindu.

Ntchito 23.4.3

Kulemba chimangirizo

(Mphindi 16)

Tsopano tilemba chimangirizo pogwiritsa ntchito zithunzi. Tsekulani pa tsamba 93. Kambiranani ndi ophunzira kalembedwe ka chimangirizo pogwiritsa ntchito zithunzi m’Ntchito A. Ophunzira alembe ntchitoyi. Yenderani ndi kuthandiza ophunzira moyenera.

Mathero

(Mphindi 3)

Ophunzira angapo awerenge zomwe alemba.

168

MUTU 23

Phunziro 5 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga nkhani  ayankha mafunso Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi amawu, chingwe cha mawu

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 3)

Ophunzira awerenge mawu awa: mlimi, mgwirizano, bungwe, pindula, makenjuchi, khumudwa ndi uchi kuchokera pa makadi.

Ntchito 23.5.1

(Mphindi 15)

Kuwerenga nkhani

Tsopano muwerenga nkhani pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya kalozera wa mfundo zikuluzikulu. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 90. Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge mwachinunu.

Ntchito 23.5.2

(Mphindi 12)

Kuyankha mafunso

Tsopano muyankha mafunso kuchokera pankhani yomwe mwawerenga. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 92. Ophunzira ayankhe mafunso molemba ndipo muwathandize moyenera.

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Ophunzira achite masewera a bingo popeza mawu okhala ndi mgw, ngw, ph kuchokera pa chingwe cha mawu ndi kuwerenga.

MUTU 23

Phunziro 6 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga nkhani molondola ndi mofulumira  apereka maganizo awo pankhani yomwe awerenga  apeza afotokozi aumwini Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzirira, zophunzitsira ndi zoyesera makadi a maphatikizo/mtengo wa mawu

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 3)

Ophunzira atchule mawu omwe amayamba ndi maphatikizo ofanana monga: kha (khala, khama, khasu, khansa ndi khamu).

169

Ntchito 23.6.1

(Mphindi 9)

Kuwerenga nkhani

Tsopano muwerenga nkhani molondola ndi mofulumira. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 90. Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge m’magulu, awiriawiri kapena mmodzimmodzi.

Ntchito 23.6.2

(Mphindi 7)

Kupereka maganizo

Tsopano mupereka maganizo anu pankhani yomwe mwawerenga. Uzani ophunzira kuti apereke maganizo awo pa phindu la ulimi mogwirizana ndi nkhani yomwe awerenga. Thandizani ophunzira moyenera.

Ntchito 23.6.3

Kupeza afotokozi aumwini

(Mphindi 13)

Tsopano mupeza afotokozi aumwini m’ziganizo. Kambiranani ndi ophunzira tanthauzo la mfotokozi waumwini, chitsanzo ndi momwe achitire Ntchito B pa tsamba 94. (Mfotokozi waumwini amasonyeza umwini wa chinthu kapena zinthu) Ophunzira alembe ntchitoyi. Yenderani ndi kuthandiza ophunzira moyenera.

Mathero

(Mphindi 3)

Kambiranani ndi ophunzira mayankho a ntchitoyi ndipo akonze zomwe sanachite bwino.

MUTU 23

Phunziro 7 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga mabuku oonjezera  asonyeza ntchito yomwe achita m’sabatayi Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera mabuku oonjezera, chipangizo choyesera

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Ophunzira afotokoze nkhani zomwe adawerenga m’mabuku oonjezera.

Ntchito 23.7.1

Kuwerenga mabuku oonjezera

(Mphindi 25)

Tsopano muwerenga mabuku oonjezera. Aliyense asankhe buku lomwe akufuna kuwerenga. Tsatirani ndondomeko yowerengera mabuku oonjezera.

Kuyesa ophunzira

Pamene ophunzira akuwerenga mabuku oonjezera, sankhani ophunzira angapo ndi kuwayesa pa zizindikiro zakakhozedwe zam’sabatayi.

170

Kodi wophunzira:

wakhoza bwino kwambiri

wakhoza bwino

wakhoza pang’ono

ndi wofunika chithandizo

wamvetsera nkhani? wawerenga mawu okhala ndi mgw, ngw, ph? wapereka matanthauzo amawu? walemba ndime mwaluso? wawerenga nkhani? wayankha mafunso? walemba chimangirizo pogwiritsa ntchito zithunzi? wapeza afotokozi aumwini? wawerenga mabuku oonjezera? wapeza ampangankhani ndi kufotokoza makhalidwe awo? wapereka maganizo ake pa nkhani yomwe wawerenga m’mabuku oonjezera?

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Ophunzira apeze mpangankhani ndi kufotokoza makhalidwe ake. Lolani ophunzira kuti abwereke mabuku okawerenga kunyumba. Kumbukirani kulembera mabuku onse omwe ophunzira abwereka.

MUTU 23

Phunziro 8 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: abwereza ntchito yomwe sadachite bwino Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera Matchati kapena makadi amawu

Ntchito 23.8.1

Kubwereza ntchito yam’sabatayi

Sankhani ntchito yomwe ophunzira sadachite bwino m’sabatayi ndi kuibwereza.

171

(Mphindi 35)

MUTU 24 Ndingathe

Phunziro 1 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  amvetsera nkhani  ayankha mafunso molondola Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera Nkhani ya Kalulu ndi Birimankhwe apikisana

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira kuti alosere zomwe amvetsere pankhani ya Kalulu ndi Birimankhwe apikisana.

Ntchito 24.1.1

(Mphindi 15)

Kumvetsera nkhani

Tsopano mumvetsera nkhani pogwiritsa ntchito njira yolosera kudzera m’mutu wa nkhani. Onani momwe njirayi imagwirira ntchito m’Mutu 4.2.1. Kalulu ndi Birimankhwe apikisana Kalekale kudali Kalulu ndi Birimankhwe. Awiriwa ankayendera limodzi. Birimankhwe nthawi zonse anali kuyenda pang’onopang’ono chifukwa adalumala atavulala pangozi. Kalulu poona kayendedwe ka mnzakeyo, ankafuna kuti apikisane naye. Iye adati, “Iwe sungandipose kuthamanga.” “Kodi iwe sukuona mmene ndikuyenderamu?” Adafunsa motero Birimankhwe. “Tingogwirizana tsiku loti tidzapikisane.” Adatero Kalulu. Tsiku la mpikisano kudabwera oonerera ambiri. Malamulo a mpikisano anali oti awiriwa athamange kuchokera m’mudzi mwawo kupita kumudzi wina. Yemwe akafike msanga ndi kuyambirira kukhala pampando ndiye wopambana. Mpikisano usanayambe, Kalulu adauza oonererawo kuti amusiye kaye Birimankhwe kuti atsogole. Izi zidachitikadi. Birimankhwe adayamba kuthamanga ndipo atafika panjira adabisala. Patapita kanthawi Kalulu adaliyatsa liwiro la mtima bi. Iye adali ndi maganizo oti posachedwa amupeza ndi kumupitirira Birimankhwe uja. Kalulu akudutsa pomwe Birimankhwe adabisala, Birimankhwe adalumpha ndi kugwira mchira wa Kalulu. Kalulu adathamanga kwambiri. Iye sadazindikire kuti Birimakhwe adali pamchira pake. Atafika kumudzi winawo adafuna kuti akhale pampando paja. Akutembenuka Birimankhwe adadumphira pampando paja. Pamene Kalulu amati akhale pansi, adamva Birimankhwe akunena kuti “a, a, abwana mundikhaliratu. Kodi simukuona?” Oonerera onse amvekere, “Birimankhwe wapambana!” Kalulu sadamvetse ndipo chifukwa cha manyazi, adangonyamuka n’kupita kwawo. Wotsogolera mwambowu adaima nati, “Ndisanapereke mphotho kwa Birimakhwe, ndiyankhule mawu pang’ono. Anthufe tisamaganize kuti kulumala ndi kulephera. Mwaona nokha lero.”

Ntchito 24.1.2

(Mphindi 10)

Kuyankha mafunso

Tsopano ndikufunsani mafunso pa nkhani yomwe mwamvetsera. Funsani mafunso otsatirawa: 1 Tchulani mpikisano womwe udachitika m’nkhaniyi. 2 Kodi inu mungatani mutalephera mpikisano? 3 N’chifukwa chiyani kuli kofunika kulimbikira pochita zinthu?

172

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Ophunzira afotokoze nkhani yomwe amvetsera.

MUTU 24

Phunziro 2 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  alosera ndakatulo  awerenga ndakatulo  alemba maganizo awo pa ndakatulo yomwe awerenga Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi amawu

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Ophunzira atole makadi amawu okhala ndi mphw, th, ph ndi kupanga ziganizo.

Ntchito 24.2.1

(Mphindi 5)

Kulosera ndakatulo

Tsopano tilosera ndakatulo pogwiritsa ntchito chithunzi ndi mutu wa ndakatulo. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 95. Kambiranani ndi ophunzira mafunso othandiza kulosera zochitika m’ndakatulo.

Ntchito 24.2.2

(Mphindi 15)

Kuwerenga ndakatulo

Tsopano muwerenga ndakatulo mokweza pogwiritsa ntchito njira younika woyankhula. Onani momwe njirayi imagwirira ntchito m’Mutu 4.1.1. Ophunzira awerege m’magulu, awiriawiri kapena mmodzimmodzi.

Ntchito 24.2.3

Kulemba za woyankhula

(Mphindi 7 )

Kambiranani ndi ophunzira zomwe woyankhula m’ndime iliyonse akunenera. Ophunzira alembe za woyankhula mmodzi.

Mathero

(Mphindi 3)

Ophunzira awerengere anzawo zomwe alemba.

MUTU 24

Phunziro 3 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga ndime ya ndakatulo  alemba lembetso Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi amawu

173

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Ophunzira achite mpikisano owerenga mawu kuchokera pamakadi. Ena mwa mawuwa ndi chidwi, wailesi, makono, unyinji, galimoto ndi pamwamba.

Ntchito 24.3.1

(Mphindi 7)

Kuwerenga ndakatulo

Tsopano muwerenga ndime imodzi ya ndakatulo molondola ndi mofulumira. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 95. Ophunzira awerenge m’magulu/awiriawiri/mmodzimmodzi.

Ntchito 24.3.2

(Mphindi 18)

Kulemba lembetso

Tsopano mulemba lembetso. Tsatirani ndondomeko yolembera lembetso. Ndime ya lembetso ndi iyi. Nanenso ndingathe/ kuulutsa mawu/ ku nyumba yamphepo./ Ndithanso kulangiza,/ kuphunzitsa ndi kusangalatsa/anthu aunyinji./ Chongani ntchito ya ophunzira. Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Ophunzira asinthane ntchito yomwe alemba ndipo awerenge.

MUTU 24

Phunziro 4 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga ndakatulo  apereka matanthauzo amawu  alemba zomwe angathe kuchita Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi amawu

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 3)

Ophunzira awerenge mawu omwe ali ndi maphatikizo awa: mphw, th, ph kuchokera pa makadi.

Ntchito 24.4.1

(Mphindi 10)

Kuwerenga ndakatulo

Tsopano tiwerenga ndakatulo pogwiritsa ntchito njira younika woyankhula m’ndakatulo. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 95. Onani momwe njirayi imagwirira ntchito m’Mutu 4.1.1. Ophunzira awerenge m’magulu, awiriawiri kapena mmodzimmodzi.

Ntchito 24.4.2

Kupereka matanthauzo amawu

(Mphindi 7)

Tsopano tipereka matanthauzo amawu. Gwiritsani ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana. Mawuwa ndi: mphwayi, kuthekera ndi phulika.

Ntchito 24.4.3

Kulemba zomwe angathe kuchita

(Mphindi 10)

Tsopano mulemba zomwe mungathe kuchita. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 98. Kambiranani ndi ophunzira chitsanzo cha momwe achitire Ntchito A. Thandizani ophunzira. 174

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira angapo kuti awerenge zomwe alemba. Uzani ophunzira kuti akaloweze ndakatulo kunyumba.

MUTU 24

Phunziro 5 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga ndakatulo  ayankha mafunso Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi amawu

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Ophunzira awerenge mawu awa: mphwayi, kuthekera ndi phulika kuchokera pamakadi.

Ntchito 24.5.1

(Mphindi 15)

Kuwerenga ndakatulo

Tsopano tiwerenga ndakatulo pogwiritsa ntchito njira younika woyankhula m’ndakatulo. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 95. Ophunzira awerenge mwachinunu.

Ntchito 24.5.2

(Mphindi 10)

Kuyankha mafunso

Tsopano muyankha mafunso kuchokera pa ndakatulo yomwe mwawerenga. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 97. Ophunzira alembe mayankho a mafunso ndipo muwathandize moyenera.

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Kambiranani ndi ophunzira mayankho a mafunso ndipo akonze zomwe analakwa.

MUTU 24

Phunziro 6 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga ndakatulo  apeza phunziro m’ndakatulo  atsiriza ziganizo ndi aonjezi amchitidwe Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera tchati la ziganizo, chithunzi cha mtolankhani

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Ophunzira atchule ntchito zosiyanasiyana zomwe angafune kudzagwira.

175

Ntchito 24.6.1

(Mphindi 9)

Kuwerenga ndakatulo

Tsopano tiwerenga ndakatulo mwa kamvekedwe ka ndakatulo. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 95. Ophunzira awerenge m’magulu, awiriawiri kapena mmodzimmodzi.

Ntchito 24.6.2

Kupeza phunziro m’ndakatulo

(Mphindi 10)

Tsopano tipeza phunziro kuchokera m’ndakatulo yomwe tawerenga. Ophunzira akambirane m’magulu phunziro lomwe apeza m’ndakatulo.

Ntchito 24.6.3

Kutsiriza ziganizo ndi aonjezi amchitidwe

(Mphindi 10)

Tsopano titsiriza ziganizo pogwiritsa ntchito aonjezi amchitidwe. Kambiranani ndi ophunzira tanthauzo la muonjezi wamchitidwe monga Muonjezi wamchitidwe ndi mawu omwe amasonyeza momwe ntchito yachitikira. Mwachitsanzo: Kumbukani amayankhula monyada. Uzani ophunzira kuti apereke zitsanzo zawo. Lembani zitsanzozi pabolodi. Ophunzira atsekule mabuku awo pa tsamba 99. Kambiranani chitsanzo ndi momwe achitire Ntchito B. Ophunzira alembe ntchitoyi ndipo muwathandize moyenera. Mayankho: 1 molimbika 2 bwino 3 mwaluso 4 mochedwa 5 mosamala

Mathero

(Mphindi 3)

Ophunzira angapo alakatule ndakatuloyi.

MUTU 24

Phunziro 7 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga mabuku oonjezera  asonyeza ntchito yomwe achita m’sabatayi Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera mabuku oonjezera, chipangizo choyesera,

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Ophunzira afotokoze nkhani zomwe adawerenga m’mabuku oonjezera.

Ntchito 24.7.1

Kuwerenga mabuku oonjezera

(Mphindi 25)

Tsopano muwerenga mabuku oonjezera. Aliyense asankhe buku lomwe akufuna kuwerenga. Tsatirani ndondomeko yowerengera mabuku oonjezera.

Kuyesa ophunzira

Pamene ophunzira akuwerenga mabuku oonjezera, sankhani ophunzira angapo ndi kuwayesa pa zizindikiro zakakhozedwe za m’sabatayi.

176

Kodi wophunzira:

wakhoza bwino kwambiri

wamvetsera nkhani?

wakhoza bwino

wakhoza pang’ono

ndi wofunika chithandizo

wawerenga mawu okhala ndi mphw, th, ph? wapereka matanthauzo amawu? walemba lembetso? wawerenga ndakatulo? wayankha mafunso walemba zomwe angathe kuchita? walemba aonjezi amchitidwe m’ziganizo? wawerenga mabuku oonjezera? wafotokozanso nkhani zomwe wawerenga m’mabuku oonjezera? wapereka maganizo ake pankhani yomwe wawerenga? Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Ophunzira afotokoze maganizo awo pankhani yomwe awerenga. Lolani ophunzira abwereke mabuku okawerenga kunyumba. Kumbukirani kulembera mabuku omwe ophunzira abwereka.

MUTU 24

Phunziro 8 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: abwereza ntchito yomwe sadachite bwino Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi amawu, mtengo wa mawu, matchati amawu ndi ziganizo

Ntchito 24.8.1

Kubwereza ntchito yam'sabatayi

Sankhani ntchito yomwe ophunzira sadachite bwino m’sabatayi ndi kuibwereza.

177

(Mphindi 35)

MUTU 25 Kubwereza ndi kuyesa

Phunziro 1

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  amvetsera nkhani  ayankha mafunso  afotokoza nkhani yomwe amvetsera Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi amawu

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Ophunzira angapo afotokoze nkhani ina iliyonse yomwe adamvetsera m’Mitu 21 mpaka 24.

Ntchito 25.1.1

(Mphindi 14)

Kumvetsera nkhani

Sankhani nkhani yomwe mudaphunzitsa m’Mitu 22 mpaka 24. Tsopano mumvetsera nkhani pogwiritsa ntchito njira yolosera kudzera m’mutu wa nkhani. Tsatirani ndondomeko yolosera.

Ntchito 25.1.2

(Mphindi 5)

Kuyankha mafunso

Tsopano ndikufunsani mafunso pankhani yomwe mwamvetsera. Funsani mafunso okhudza malo, nthawi, ampangankhani kapena atengambali ndi makhalidwe awo.

Ntchito 25.1.3

(Mphindi 6)

Kufotokoza nkhani

Ophunzira afotokoze nkhani yomwe amvetsera.

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Ophunzira achite mpikisano wotola mawu omwe ali pamakadi ndi kuwerenga.

MUTU 25

Phunziro 2 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga nkhani molondola ndi mofulumira  alemba maganizo awo pankhani yomwe awerenga  apereka matanthauzo a zilapi Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera tchati chosalemba

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 4)

Ophunzira atchule mawu okhala ndi ntch, ml, mtch, mph, nthw, mphw ndi mp.

178

Ntchito 25.2.1

Kuwerenga nkhani

Ntchito 25.2.2

Kufotokoza za mpangankhani/mtengambali

(Mphindi 10)

Sankhani nkhani imodzi yomwe mudaphunzitsa m’mitu 22 ndi 23. Tsopano tiwerenga nkhani kuchokera m’buku lanu pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya kalozera wa mfundo zikuluzikulu. Mwachitsanzo: Kambiranani ndi ophunzira mfundo yaikulu m’ndime yoyamba ndi kuilemba pabolodi. Thandizani ophunzira kupeza mfundo zikuluzikulu m’ndime zotsatira. Lembani kalozera wa mfundozi pabolodi pamodzi ndi ophunzira.

(Mphindi 8)

Uzani ophunzira kuti asankhe mpangankhani kapena mtengambali ndi kufotokoza zomwe zawasangalatsa kapena sizinawasangalatse pa makhalidwe ake ndi zifukwa zake.

Ntchito 25.2.3

(Mphindi 8)

Kupereka matanthauzo a zilapi

Tsopano tipereka matanthauzo a zilapi. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 100. Kambiranani ndi ophunzira chitsanzo nd momwe achitire Ntchito A. Ophunzira alembe ntchitoyi. Yenderani ndi kuthandiza ophunzira moyenera. Mayankho 1 lilime 2 mtedza 3 tsitsi 4 malambe 5 nzimbe

(Mphindi 5)

Mathero

Ophunzira apereke mawu ena omwe ali ndi matanthauzo angapo osiyana. Lembani mawuwa pa tchati ndi kumata pakhoma.

MUTU 25

Phunziro 3 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga ndime ya nkhani molondola ndi mofulumira  alemba kalata Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi/tchati la mawu

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Ophunzira apange masewera okwatcha mawu omwe ali pa tchati.

Ntchito 25.3.1

Kukonzekera kulemba kalata

(Mphindi 10)

Kambiranani ndi ophunzira magawo a kalata monga keyala, tsiku, mawu olonjera, thunthu, mawu otsiriza ndi dzina.

179

Ntchito 25.3.2

(Mphindi 15)

Kulemba kalata

Tsopano mulemba kalata yopita kwa mchemwali/mchimwene wanu kumudziwitsa kuti mwakhoza mayeso a chigawo chachiwiri. Mumufotokozerenso mphotho imene mwalandira kuchokera kwa aphunzitsi anu. Kambiranani ndi ophunzira momwe angalembere kalatayi. Uzani ophunzira kuti alembe kalata zawo. Yenderani ndi kuthandiza ophunzira moyenera.

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Sankhani ophunzira angapo ndikuwauza kuti awerenge kalata zomwe alemba.

MUTU 25

Phunziro 4 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga nkhani  alemba za mpangankhani  apereka matanthauzo a mawu Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi amawu, chingwe cha mawu

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Onetsani makadi a mawu okhala ndi mp, ms, ml, nthw, mphw, ntch ndi mph. Ophunzira awerenge molondola ndi mofulumira.

Ntchito 25.4.1

Kuunikanso matanthauzo amawu

(Mphindi 5)

Bwerezani kukambirana ndi ophunzira matanthauzo amawu omwe mudaphunzitsa m’mitu 21 mpaka 24 ndipo apange ziganizo zomveka bwino.

Ntchito 25.4.2

Kuwerenga nkhani

Ntchito 25.4.3

Kulemba za mpangankhani

(Mphindi 10)

Sankhani nkhani imodzi yomwe mudaphunzitsa m’mitu 21 mpaka 24. Tsopano muwerenga nkhani kuchokera m’buku lanu pogwiritsa ntchito njira yofotokoza nkhani mwachidule. Ophunzira awerenge m’magulu, awiriawiri kapena mmodzimmodzi.

(Mphindi 10)

Tsopano mulemba maganizo anu pa mpangankhani mmodzi. Ophunzira alembe zomwe mpangankhaniyo adachita.

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Ophunzira awerenge mawu kuchokera pa chingwe cha mawu.

180

MUTU 25

Phunziro 5 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga nkhani  alemba mawu oyenera m’mipata Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi amawu, mtengo wa mawu

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Ophunzira awerenge mawu osiyanasiyana omwe adaphunzira m’mitu 21 mpaka 24 kuchokera pa mtengo wa mawu.

Ntchito 25.5.1

(Mphindi 10)

Kuwerenga nkhani

Sankhani nkhani yomwe mudaphunzitsa m’mitu 22 mpaka 23. Tsopano muwerenga nkhani kuchokera m’buku lanu pogwiritsa ntchito njira yodzifunsa mafunso. Ophunzira awerenge mwachinunu.

Ntchito 25.5.2

Kulemba mawu oyenera m’mipata

(Mphindi 15)

Tsopano tilemba mawu oyenera m’mipata. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 101. Kambiranani ndi ophunzira chitsanzo ndi momwe achitire Ntchito B. Ophunzira alembe Ntchito B.

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Kambiranani ndi ophunzira mayankho a ntchito yawo ndipo akonze zomwe analakwa.

MUTU 25

Phunziro 6 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga ndakatulo  alakatula ndakatulo Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi amawu

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 3)

Ophunzira atole makadi amawu awa: bungwe, pembedza, mwanaalirenji ndi kupanga ziganizo zomveka.

Ntchito 25.6.1

(Mphindi 15)

Kuwerenga ndakatulo

Tsopano muwerenga ndakatulo molondola ndi mofulumira. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 95. Ophunzira awerenge ndakatuloyi mwachinunu ndipo aloweze.

181

Ntchito 25.6.2

(Mphindi 12)

Kulakatula ndakatulo

Tsopano mulakatula ndakatulo. Ophunzira alakatule ndakatuloyo m’magulu, awiriawiri kapena mmodzimmodzi.

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Kambiranani zomwe zikuchitika m’ndakatuloyo. Mwachitsanzo: Kodi akuyankhula m’ndakatuloyi ndani? Iyeyu ali ndi malingaliro otani? Nanga inu mumaganiza mutachita chiyani? Kambiranani mayankho a ophunzira.

MUTU 25

Phunziro 7 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga nkhani  atsiriza ziganizo ndi aonjezi Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi kapena matchati amawu

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Ophunzira apikisane kuwerenga mawu pogwiritsa ntchito makadi.

Ntchito 25.7.1

(Mphindi 10)

Kuwerenga nkhani

Tsopano muwerenga nkhani kuchokera m’buku lanu pogwiritsa ntchito njira yakalozera wa mfundo zikuluzikulu. Sankhani nkhani yomwe mudaphunzitsa m’mitu 21 mpaka 23. Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge nkhaniyi m’magulu/mmodzimmodzi. Kambiranani ndi ophunzira mfundo zikuluzikulu zomwe zili m’nkhaniyi ndipo muzilembe mu kalozera wamfundo pabolodi.

Ntchito 25.7.2

Kutsiriza ziganizo pogwiritsa ntchito aonjezi

(Mphindi 15)

Tsopano mutsiriza ziganizo pogwiritsa ntchito aonjezi. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 102. Kambiranani ndi ophunzira chitsanzo pa tsambali ndi kuwaonetsa momwe angachitire Ntchito C. Ophunzira alembe ntchitoyi ndipo muwathandize moyenera.

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Ophunzira apange ziganizo ndi aonjezi awa: kumunda, bwino ndi usiku.

182

MUTU 25

Phunziro 8 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga mabuku oonjezera  afotokoza zomwe awerenga m’mabuku oonjezera Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera mabuku oonjezera, makadi /tchati la mawu

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 4)

Ophunzira afotokoze zomwe adawerenga m’mabuku oonjezera m’mitu 21 mpaka 24.

Ntchito 25.8.1

Kuwerenga mabuku oonjezera

(Mphindi 15)

Tsopano muwerenga mabuku oonjezera. Aliyense asankhe buku lomwe akufuna kuwerenga. Tsatirani ndondomeko yowerengera mabuku oonjezera.

Ntchito 25.8.2

(Mphindi 12)

Kufotokoza nkhani

Ophunzira angapo afotokoze zomwe awerenga. Uzani ophunzira kuti alembe nkhani yomwe akuidziwa/adamvapo yofanana ndi yomwe awerenga. Akamalizitse kulemba nkhaniyi kunyumba.

Mathero

(Mphindi 4)

Funsani mafunso okhudza a mpangankhani, malo ndi nthawi yochitikira nkhani. Lolani ophunzira kuti abwereke mabuku okawerenga kunyumba. Kumbukirani kulembera mabuku onse omwe abwerekedwa.

183

MUTU 26 Kupempha koyenera

Phunziro 1

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  amvetsera nkhani  ayankha mafunso molondola Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera nkhani ya Kupempha chitukuko

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Funsani mafunso pa mutu wa Kupempha chitukuko.

Ntchito 26.1.1

(Mphindi 17)

Kumvetsera nkhani

Tsopano tigwiritsa ntchito njira yopanga ganizo potsatira umboni omwe uli m’nkhani ndi zomwe mukuzidziwa kale. Onani momwe njirayi imagwirira ntchito m’Mutu 12.4.2. Mwachitsanzo: Pa zomwe tikudziwa za chithaphwi, kodi nkhalangoyi imapezeka ku malo otani? Kupempha chitukuko Kalekale nyama zimakhala ku nkhalango yotchedwa Khwalingwa. Mfumu yawo idali Njovu. Mfumuyi inkalimbikitsa nyama zonse kusamala chakudya ndi madzi opezeka m’nkhalangoyo. Pa chifukwa chimenichi, nyamazi zinkakhala ndi chakudya chochuluka. Madzi nawo adali osasowa m’mitsinje ndi m’zithaphwi zam’nkhalangoyo. Chaka china mvula idagwa yochepa. Patapita kanthawi, madzi adauma m’mitsinje ndi m’zithaphwi monse. Nyama zina zidayamba kufa. Njovu itaona zimenezi, idaitanitsa msonkhano wofuna kupeza njira yopezera madzi. Kumsonkhanoko, Njovu idafotokoza chifukwa chomwe idaitanitsira msonkhanowo. Njovu itangotsiriza kuyankhula, Kambuku adaimika mkono. Atapatsidwa mwayi woyankhula, iye adafotokoza kuti pafunika kukumba chitsime mogwirizana. Mkango udagwirizana nayo mfundoyo. Iwo udafotokozanso kuti pafunika kupempha zipangizo zokumbira chitsimecho. Iwo udati, “Izi tingapemphe kudzera mwa atsogoleri a zachitukuko m’dera lathu lino.” Nyama zonse zidaimba nthungululu kusonyeza kugwirizana ndi mfundoyo. Izo zidagwirizana zolemba kalata kupita kwa atsogoleri a zachitukuko. Pamapeto pake, Njovu idathokoza nyama zonse chifukwa chobwera kumsonkhanoko.

Ntchito 26.1.2

(Mphindi 8)

Kuyankha mafunso

Tsopano ndikufunsani mafunso pa nkhani yomwe mwamvetsera. Kodi mfumu ya nyama zonse idali yani? Funsani mafunso otsatirawa. 1 Kodi mfumu ya nyama zonse idali yani? 2 Tchulani atsogoleri a zachitukuko a m’dera lanu. 3 N’chifukwa chiyani kuli kofunika kugwira nawo ntchito zachitukuko m’dera lanu?

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Ophunzira afotokoze zomwe amvetsera.

MUTU 26

Phunziro 2 184

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Ophunzira afotokoze zomwe amvetsera.

MUTU 26

Chiyambi

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Phunziro 2 Ophunzira:  alosera macheza 184 Zizindikiro awerengazakakhozedwe macheza Ophunzira: alemba maganizo awo pa macheza omwe awerenga  alosera macheza Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirra ndi zoyesera  awerenga makadi amawumacheza  alemba maganizo awo pa macheza omwe awerenga Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirra ndi zoyesera makadi amawu (Mphindi 3)

Ophunzira afotokoze zomwe amachita akafuna kupempha zinthu kwa makolo.

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 3)

Ntchito Kulosera macheza Ophunzira26.2.1 afotokoze zomwe amachita akafuna kupempha zinthu kwa makolo.

(Mphindi 5)

Tsopano tilosera macheza pogwiritsa ntchito chithunzi ndi mutu wa macheza. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 103. Kambiranani ndi ophunzira mafunso othandiza kulosera zochitika m’macheza.

Ntchito 26.2.1

(Mphindi 5)

Kulosera macheza

Tsopano tilosera macheza pogwiritsa ntchito chithunzi ndi mutu wa macheza. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa Ntchito 26.2.2 Kuwerenga macheza tsamba 103. Kambiranani ndi ophunzira mafunso othandiza kulosera zochitika m’macheza.(Mphindi 12) Tsopano muwerenga macheza pogwiritsa ntchito njira yopanga ganizo potsatira umboni omwe uli m’macheza ndi zomwe mukudziwa kale. Ophunzira awerenge m’magulu kapena awiriawiri.

Ntchito 26.2.2

(Mphindi 12)

Kuwerenga macheza

Tsopano macheza pogwiritsa ntchito njira yopanga ganizo potsatira umboni omwe uli 10) (Mphindi Ntchitomuwerenga 26.2.3 Kulemba za mtengambali m’macheza ndi zomwe mukudziwa kale. Ophunzira awerenge m’magulu kapena awiriawiri. Sankhani mtengambali ndi kukambirana za makhalidwe ake. Ophunzira asankhe mtengambali wina ndi kulemba makhalidwe ake.

Ntchito 26.2.3

Kulemba za mtengambali

Sankhani mtengambali ndi kukambirana za makhalidwe ake. Ophunzira asankhe Mathero mtengambali wina ndi kulemba makhalidwe ake. Ophunzira awerenge mawu kuchokera pamakadi mopikisana.

Mathero MUTU 26

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5) (Mphindi 5)

Ophunzira awerenge mawu kuchokera pamakadi mopikisana.

MUTU 26

(Mphindi 10)

Phunziro 3

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Phunziro 3 Ophunzira:  awerenga ndime imodzi ya nkhani Zizindikiro alemba ndime mwaluso zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera  awerenga ndime imodzi ya nkhani makadi  alemba ndime mwaluso Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi (Mphindi 5)

Ophunzira atole makadi a mawu ndi kuwerenga. Ena mwa mawuwa ndi adzukulu, mphwayi, ntchito, mphepo, makhalidwe ndi molimbika.

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Ophunzira atole makadi a mawu ndi kuwerenga. Ena mwa mawuwa ndi adzukulu, mphwayi, ntchito, mphepo, makhalidwe ndi molimbika. 185 185

Ntchito 26.3.1

Kuwerenga ndime ya macheza

(Mphindi 10)

Tsopano muwerenga ndime imodzi ya macheza molondola ndi mofulumira. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 103. Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge m’magulu/awiriawiri.

Ntchito 26.3.2

Kulemba ndime mwaluso

(Mphindi 18)

Tsopano tilemba ndime mwaluso. Lembani ziganizo zotsatirazi pabolodi ophunzira akuona. Chisomo, Chikondi ndi Yankho adali adzukulu a Gogo Nasibeko. Chisomo adali mtsikana. Chikondi ndi Yankho adali anyamata. Onse adali amakhalidwe abwino. Uzani ophunzira kuti alembe mwaluso m’makope mwawo. Yenderani ndi kuthandiza ophunzira.

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Sankhani ntchito yomwe yalembedwa bwino, onetsani ophunzira ndipo awerenge.

MUTU 26

Phunziro 4 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga macheza  apereka matanthauzo amawu  apanga ziganizo Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera tchati la mawu

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 3)

Ophunzira achite masewera okhwatcha mawu kuchokera patchati.

Ntchito 26.4.1

(Mphindi 10)

Kuwerenga macheza

Tsopano muwerenga macheza pogwiritsa ntchito njira yopanga ganizo potsatira umboni omwe uli m’macheza ndi zomwe mukuzidziwa kale. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 103. Onani momwe njirayi imagwirira ntchito m’Mutu 12.4.2. Ophunzira awerenge m’magulu/awiriawiri. Funsani funso monga: Kodi Mphatso, Mayamiko ndi Madalitso adali ana a yani? Fotokozerani yankho lanu? Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi ndime zotsatira.

Ntchito 26.4.2

Kupereka matanthauzo amawu

Ntchito 26.4.3

Kuchita sewero

(Mphindi 7)

Tsopano tipereka matanthauzo amawu. Gwiritsani ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana. Mawuwa ndi pempha, thyola, nyonyomala ndi kondwera.

(Mphindi 12)

Tsopano muchita sewero la kupempha koyeyenera. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 105. Kambiranani momwe achitire Ntchito A. Ophunzira achite seweroli m’magulu ndipo aonetse ku kalasi lonse. Yenderani ndi kuthandiza ophunzira. 186

Mathero

(Mphindi 3)

Uzani ophunzira kuti apange ziganizo ndi mawu oti pempha, thyola, nyonyomala ndi kondwera.

MUTU 26

Phunziro 5 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga nkhani  ayankha mafunso molondola Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi amawu

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Ophunzira atole makadi a mawu okhala ndi mph, ny, mw, ndw ndi kupanga ziganizo.

Ntchito 26.5.1

(Mphindi 15)

Kuwerenga macheza

Tsopano muwerenga macheza pogwiritsa nchito njira yopanga ganizo potsatira umboni omwe uli m’macheza pogwiritsa ntchito zomwe mukudziwa kale. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 103. Onani momwe njirayi imagwirira ntchito m’Mutu 12.4.2. Ophunzira awerenge mwachinunu.

Ntchito 26.5.2

Kuyankha mafunso

(Mphindi 10)

Tsopano muyankha mafunso kuchokera pa macheza omwe mwawerenga. Tsekulani pa tsamba 105. Uzani ophunzira kuti alembe mayankho a mafunso. Thandizani ophunzira kuyankha mafunso moyenera.

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Kambiranani ndi ophunzira mayankho a mafunso ndipo akonze zomwe analakwa.

187

MUTU 26

Phunziro 6 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga macheza molondola ndi mofulumira  apereka maganizo awo pa macheza omwe awerenga  apanga ziganizo ndi aonjezi a nthawi Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi amawu

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 4)

Ophunzira atole makadi a mawu awa: pempha, nyonyomala, kondwa, molimbika ndi mwaulemu ndi kusonyeza zomwe mawuwo akutanthauza.

Ntchito 26.6.1

(Mphindi 12)

Kuwerenga macheza

Tsopano muwerenga macheza molondola ndi mofulumira. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 103. Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge m’magulu potenga mbali zosiyanasiyana.

Ntchito 26.6.2

(Mphindi 11)

Kupereka maganizo

Tsopano mupereka maganizo anu pa macheza omwe mwawerenga. Ophunzira afotokoze zomwe amachita popempha moyenera mogwirizana ndi macheza omwe awerenga.

Ntchito 26.6.3

(Mphindi 15)

Kupanga ziganizo

Tsopano tipanga ziganizo pogwiritsa ntchito aonjezi anthawi. Kambiranani ndi ophunzira tanthauzo la muonjezi wanthawi. Muonjezi wa nthawi ndi muonjezi amene amasonyeza nthawi yochitikira ntchito. Perekani zitsanzo monga: Iwo adya kale. Ife tinyamuka m’mawa. Ophunzira apereke zitsanzo zawo. Tsekulani pa tsamba 106. Kambiranani ndi ophunzira chitsanzo ndi momwe achitire Ntchito B. Kenaka ophunzira alembe ndipo muwathandize moyenera.

Mathero

(Mphindi 4)

Kambiranani mayankho a Ntchito B ndipo ophunzira akonze zomwe sanachite bwino.

188

MUTU 26

Phunziro 7 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga mabuku oonjezera  asonyeza ntchito yomwe achita m’sabatayi Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera mabuku oonjezera, chipangizo choyesera

(Mphindi 5)

Chiyambi Ophunzira afotokoze nkhani zomwe adawerenga m’mabuku oonjezera.

Ntchito 26.7.1

(Mphindi 25)

Kuwerenga mabuku oonjezera

Tsopano muwerenga mabuku oonjezera. Aliyense asankhe buku lomwe akufuna kuwerenga. Tsatirani ndondomeko yowerengera mabuku oonjezera. Kuyesa ophunzira Pamene ophunzira akuwerenga mabuku oonjezera, sankhani ophunzira angapo ndi kuwayesa pa zizindikiro zakakhozedwe zam’sabatayi. Kodi wophunzira:

wakhoza bwino kwambiri

wamvetsera nkhani?

wakhoza bwino

wakhoza pang’ono

ndi wofunika chithandizo

wawerenga mawu okhala ndi mph, ny, thy, ndw? wapereka matanthauzo a mawu? walemba ndime mwaluso? wawerenga macheza? wayankha mafunso? wachita sewero la kupempha moyenera? wapanga ziganizo ndi aonjezo anthawi? wawerenga mabuku oonjezera? wapereka maganizo ake pa macheza omwe wawerenga? wafotokoza zomwe wawerenga m’mabuku oonjezera?

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Ophunzira afotokoze zomwe awerenga. Kumbukirani kufunsa ophunzira angapo kupereka maganizo awo pa nkhani zomwe awerenga. Lolani ophunzira kuti abwereke mabuku okawerenga ku nyumba. Kumbukirani kulembera mabuku omwe ophunzira abwereka.

189

MUTU 26

Phunziro 8 Chizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira abwereza ntchito yomwe sadachite bwino. Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera mtengo wa mawu/makadi amawu/matchati amawu

Ntchito 26.8.1

Kubwereza ntchito yam’sabatayi

Sankhani ntchito yomwe ophunzira sadachite bwino m’sabatayi ndi kuibwereza.

190

(Mphindi 35)

MUTU 27 Zakudya zakasinthasintha

Phunziro 1

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  amvetsera nkhani  ayankha mafunso Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera nkhani ya Phwando m’nkhalango ya Phanga

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 4)

Imbani nyimbo ina iliyonse yogwirizana ndi phunziro. Mwachitsanzo: Yang’anayang’ana pomwe pali… yowerengera mawu.

Ntchito 27.1.1

Kuphunzitsa njira yolumikiza zomwe akudziwa kale ndi zimene aphunzire

(Mphindi 5)

Lero tiphunzira njira yolumikiza zomwe tikudziwa kale ndi zimene tiphunzire. Njirayi imatithandiza kuti titsatire zimene tikufuna kuti tiphunzirezo.

Ntchito 27.1.2

(Mphindi 14)

Kumvetsera nkhani

Tsopano tigwiritsa ntchito njira yomwe taphunzira. Ndiwerenga nkhani ndipo inu mumvetsere. Sonyezani momwe njirayi imagwirira ntchito. Mwachitsanzo: Mutu wa nkhani ndi Phwando m’nkhalango ya Phanga. Uzani ophunzira kuti afotokoze zomwe akuzidziwa kale pa mutuwu. Werengani nkhaniyi. Pamene mukuwerenga, thandizani ophunzira kulumikiza zomwe akudziwa kale ndi zimene akumvetsera. Phwando m’nkhalango ya Phanga Kalekale m’nkhalango yotchedwa Phanga mudali nyama zosiyanasiyana. Zina mwa nyamazi zidali Njati, Ngoma, Mphalapala, Ntchefu ndi Insa. Nyama zonsezi zidali ndi nyanga. Tsiku lina nyamazi zidaganiza zokonza phwando. Zidapangana kuti phwandolo likhale la nyama zokhazo zomwe zili ndi nyanga. Kalulu yemwe ankakhala m’nkhalango ina adamva za phwandolo. Iye adafunitsitsa kuti akhale nawo pa phwandolo koma vuto lidali loti iye adalibe nyanga. Atamva za nkhaniyi, Kalulu adaganiza zokabwereka nyanga kwa bwenzi lake Njati. Iye adamubwerekadi nyangazo. Tsiku la phwando litafika, Kalulu adamata nyangazo pamutu pake ndi ulimbo. Adafikadi ku phwando ndipo onse adamulandira bwino. Kudali zakudya zosiyanasiyana monga mpunga ndi nsima. Kudalinso zokhwasula monga nyama ndi nsomba zootcha. Zakumwa monga thobwa zidali migolomigolo. Zipatso monga nthudza ndi masawu zidali mbwee. Kudalidi kudya ndi kumwerera. Atatha kudya, adayamba kuvina magule. Kalulu anaiwala kuti nyanga zake adamata ndi ulimbo. Iye sadali kuchoka m’bwalomo. Adavina ngati alibe mafupa. Chifukwa cha kutentha, ulimbo uja udasungunuka ndipo nyanga zija zidagwa pansi. Nyama zonse zidadabwa ndipo zidayamba kuthamangitsa Kalulu. Gwape adalumpha ndipo adagwira Kaluluyo. Adamugwira makutu ndipo pamene Kalulu amati athawe, makutuwo adasololoka. Kalulu adathawa makutuwo atasololoka. Kuyambira pomwepo kalulu ali ndi makutu aatali.

191

Ntchito 27.1.3

(Mphindi 7)

Kuyankha mafunso

Tsopano ndikufunsani mafunso pa nkhani yomwe mwamvetsera. Funsani mafunso otsatirawa. 1 N’chifukwa chiyani kalulu adabwereka nyanga? 2 Kodi njati adachita bwino kumubwereka nyanga kalulu? Fotokozerani yankho lanu. 3 N’chifukwa chiyani makutu a kalulu ali aatali?

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira kuti afotokoze nkhani yomwe amvetsera.

MUTU 27

Phunziro 2 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  alosera nkhani  awerenga nkhani  alemba maganizo awo pa nkhani yomwe awerenga Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera chingwe cha mawu

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Ophunzira apange ziganizo ndi mawu awa: pempha, nyonyomala, kondwa ndi mwaulemu kuchokera pachingwe cha mawu.

Ntchito 27.2.1

(Mphindi 5)

Kulosera nkhani

Tsopano tilosera nkhani pogwiritsa ntchito chithunzi ndi mutu wa nkhani. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 107. Kambiranani ndi ophunzira mafunso othandiza kulosera zochitika m’nkhani.

Ntchito 27.2.2

(Mphindi 13)

Kuwerenga nkhani

Tsopano muwerenga nkhani pogwiritsa ntchito njira yolumikiza zimene mukudziwa kale ndi zomwe muwerenge. Ophunzira awerenge m’magulu, awiriawiri kapena mmodzimmodzi.

Ntchito 27.2.3

Kulemba za mpangankhani

(Mphindi 7)

Sankhani mpangankhani ndi kukambirana ndi ophunzira zomwe zawasangalatsa kapena sizinawasangalatse zokhudza mpangankhaniyo. Apereke zifukwa zake ndipo azilembe.

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira angapo kuti awerenge zomwe alemba.

192

MUTU 27

Phunziro 3 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga ndime imodzi ya nkhani molondola ndi mofulumira  alemba lembetso Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi amawu

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Ophunzira awerenge mawu okhala ndi nz, ts, nth, ng, mnkhw kuchokera pamakadi.

Ntchito 27.3.1

Kuwerenga ndime ya nkhani

(Mphindi 7)

Tsopano muwerenga ndime imodzi ya nkhani molondola ndi mofulumira kuchokera pa tsamba 107. Ophunzira awerenge m’magulu, awiriawiri kapena mmodzimmodzi.

Ntchito 27.3.2

(Mphindi 18)

Kulemba lembetso

Tsopano mulemba lembetso. Tsatirani ndondomeko yoyenera polembetsa lembetso. Ndime ya lembetso ndi iyi: Tsiku lina mayi Masamba,/ adaphunzitsa odwala/ zakufunika kwa kudya/ zakudya zakasinthasintha./ Iwo adati /zakudya monga nsima,/ mpunga ndi mbatata/ zimapatsa mphamvu./ Ndiwo zamasamba/ monga mpiru,/ bonongwe,/ khwanya ndi mnkhwani/ zimateteza ku matenda/ ndi kuonjezera magazi. Chongani ndi kuthandiza ophunzira moyenera.

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Kambiranani ndi ophunzira momwe akadalembera lembetsoli poonera m’buku lawo.

MUTU 27

Phunziro 4 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga nkhani  apereka matanthauzo a mawu  alemba chimangirizo Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi kapena mawu

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 4)

Ophunzira atchule zakudya zam’gulu la nyemba.

193

Ntchito 27.4.1

(Mphindi 12)

Kuwerenga nkhani

Tsopano muwerenga nkhani pogwiritsa ntchito njira yolumikiza zomwe mukuzidziwa kale ndi zimene muphunzire. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 107. Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge m’magulu/ awiriawiri/ mmodzimmodzi. Funsani mafunso olimbikitsa ophunzira kugwiritsa ntchito njirayi.

Ntchito 27.4.2

Kupereka matanthauzo amawu

Ntchito 27.4.3

Kulemba chimangirizo

(Mphindi 7)

Tsopano mupereka matanthauzo amawu. Gwiritsani ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana. Mawuwa ndi thanzi, kasinthasintha, zipatso ndi manga.

(Mphindi 8)

Tsopano mulemba chimangirizo poyankha mafunso pa mutu woti Zakudya zakasinthasintha. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 109, Ntchito A. Kambiranani ndi ophunzira mayankho a mafunsowo ndipo alembe. Yenderani ndi kuthandiza moyenera.

Mathero

(Mphindi 4)

Ophunzira angapo awerenge chimangirizo chawo.

MUTU 27

Phunziro 5 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga nkhani  ayankha mafunso Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera Makadi kapena nkhokwe ya mawu

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 3)

Ophunzira awerenge mawu awa: thanzi, kasinthasintha, zipatso ndi manga kuchokera pamakadi.

Ntchito 27.5.1

(Mphindi 15)

Kuwerenga nkhani

Tsopano muwerenga nkhani pogwiritsa ntchito njira yolumikiza zomwe mukuzidziwa kale ndi zimene muphunzire. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 107. Ophunzira awerenge mwachinunu.

Ntchito 27.5.2

(Mphindi 7)

Kuyankha mafunso

Tsopano muyankha mafunso kuchokera pa nkhani yomwe mwawerenga. Tsekulani pa tsamba 108. Uzani ophunzira kuti alembe mayankho a mafunso. Thandizani ophunzira kuyankha mafunso moyenera.

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Ophunzira apikisane kupeza mawu okhala ndi nz, nth, khw, ndi ng kuchokera mu nkhokwe ya mawu. 194

MUTU 27

Phunziro 6 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga nkhani molondola ndi mofulumira  apereka maganizo awo pankhani yomwe awerenga  aika zizindikiro zam’kalembedwe Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi amawu

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 4)

Ophunzira awerenge mawu awa: thanzi, kasinthasintha, khwanya, zipatso ndi manga kuchokera pa makadi.

Ntchito 27.6.1

(Mphindi 8)

Kuwerenga nkhani

Tsopano muwerenga nkhani molondola ndi mofulumira. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 107. Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge m’magulu, awiriawiri kapena mmodzimmodzi.

Ntchito 27.6.2

Kufotokoza magulu a zakudya

(Mphindi 10)

Tsopano tikambirana magulu a zakudya. Uzani ophunzira kuti atchule zakudya zomwe zimapezeka m’dera lawo ndi kuziika m’magulu asanu ndi limodzi a zakudya. Thandizani ophunzira moyenera.

Ntchito 27.6.3

Kuika zizindikiro zam’kalembedwe

(Mphindi 9)

Tsopano muika zizindikiro zam’kalembedwe zotsatirazi: mpumiro (.) mpatuliro (,) mfunsiro (?) ndi lembo lalikulu m’ziganizo. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 109. Kambiranani ndi ophunzira chitsanzo ndi momwe achitire Ntchito B. Uzani ophunzira kuti alembe ntchitoyi m’makope mwawo. Yenderani ndi kuthandiza ophunzira.

Mathero

(Mphindi 4)

Kambiranani mayankho olondola ndipo ophunzira akonze zomwe analakwa.

195

MUTU 27

Phunziro 7 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  

awerenga mabuku oonjezera asonyeza ntchito yomwe achita m’sabatayi

Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera mabuku oonjezera, makadi kapena matchati amawu, chipangizo choyesera

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Ophunzira afotokoze zomwe zidawasangalatsa/sizidawasangalatse m‘nkhani zomwe adawerenga m'mabuku oonjezera.

Ntchito 27.7.1

(Mphindi 25)

Kuwerenga mabuku oonjezera

Tsopano muwerenga mabuku oonjezera. Aliyense asankhe buku lomwe akufuna kuwerenga. Tsatirani ndondomeko yowerengera mabuku oonjezera. Kuyesa ophunzira Pamene ophunzira akuwerenga mabuku oonjezera, sankhani ophunzira angapo ndi kuwayesa pa zizindikiro zakakhozedwe zam’sabatayi. Kodi wophunzira:

wakhoza bwino kwambiri

wamvetsera nkhani? wawerenga mawu okhala ndi nz, nth, ts, ng? wapereka matanthauzo amawu molondola? walemba lembetso? wawerenga nkhani? wayankha mafunso? walemba chimangirizo? waika zizindikiro zam’kalembedwe? wawerenga mabuku oonjezera? wapereka maganizo ake pa macheza omwe wawerenga? wafotokoza zomwe wawerenga m’mabuku oonjezera?

196

wakhoza bwino

wakhoza pang’ono

ndi wofunika chithandizo

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Ophunzira afotokoze maganizo awo pa nkhani zomwe awerenga. Lolani ophunzira kuti abwereke mabuku okawerenga kunyumba. Kumbukirani kuchita kalembera wa mabuku onse omwe abwerekedwa.

MUTU 27

Phunziro 8 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira abwereza ntchito yomwe sadachite bwino m’sabatayi Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi amawu/chingwe cha mawu/mtengo wa mawu

Ntchito 27.8.1

Kubwereza ntchito yam’sabatayi

Sankhani ntchito yomwe ophunzira sadachite bwino m’sabatayi ndi kuibwereza.

197

(Mphindi 35)

MUTU 28 Kusankha atsogoleri a pasukulu

Phunziro 1

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  amvetsera nkhani  ayankha mafunso molondola Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera Nkhani ya Mbalame zisankha mtsogoleri wawo

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Ophunzira afotokoze nkhani ina iliyonse yomwe akuidziwa kapena adaimvapo.

Ntchito 28.1.1

(Mphindi 15)

Kumvetsera nkhani

Tsopano tigwiritsa ntchito njira yofotokoza nkhani mwachidule. (Uzani ophunzira kuti afotokoze nkhaniyi mwachidule). Onani momwe njirayi imagwirira ntchito m’Mutu 22.4.2. Mbalame zisankha mtsogoleri wawo M’dera lotchedwa Kanjere mudali mbalame zosiyanasiyana monga nkhanga, Zinziri, Nthiwatiwa, Kadzidzi, Pumbwa, Timba ndi Kansire. Mbalamezi zidalibe mfumu. Mbalamezi zinkakhala limodzi kupatula Kansire. Kansire ankakonda kukhala kumanda. Mbalame zonse zinkakhulupirira kuti Kansire adali wa kumizimu. Tsiku lina Nkhanga inasowa. Mbalame zonse zidadabwa poona kuti Nkhanga simaoneka. Izo zidayamba kufunafuna koma siidapezeke. Mbalamezi zidagwirizana zopita kwa Kansire akafunsa kwa mizimu komwe kudali Nkhanga. Zitafika kwa Kansire, Nthiwatiwa ndi yemwe adayankhula m’malo mwa mbalame zonse. Kansire adauza mbalamezo kuti ziyambe zamudzoza kukhala mfumu yawo ndipo awauza komwe kudali Nkhangayo. Apo Kadzidzi adakanitsitsa kuti Kansire yemwe adali wa kumizimu sangakhale mfumu. Kansire adapitiriza kuti ngati mbalamezo sizimupatsa ufumuwo msanga ndiye kuti Nkhangayo idyedwa. Mbalamezo zidakambirana za yemwe akhale mfumu. Izo zidasowa chochita popeza padalibe yemwe amadziwa komwe kudali Nkhanga kupatula Kansire. Mbalamezo zidavomereza zolonga Kansire kukhala mfumu yawo. Atamulonga Kansire ufumu, iye adatengana ndi mbalame zonse kuthamangira ku dera lina la nkhalangoyo. Mbalame zonse zidadabwa kuona Kambuku atagwira Nkhangayo. Adali ataimanga manja ndi miyendo kuti ikhale chakudya chake cha madzulo a tsikulo. Apo Kansire, Nthiwatiwa, Kadzidzi ndi mbalame zonse zidalusira Kambuku. Kambukuyo adachita mantha ndipo adathawa. Mbalamezo zidamasula Nkhangayo ndi kubwerera nayo kumudzi. Kuyambira pomwepo mbalame zonse zidakhulupirira kuti Kansire adalidi wa kumizimu.

Ntchito 28.1.2

(Mphindi 10)

Kuyankha mafunso

Tsopano ndikufunsani mafunso pa ndakatulo yomwe mwamvetsera. Funsani mafunso otsatirawa. 1 Kodi Kansire adali oyenera kukhala mfumu? Fotokozerani yankho lanu. 2 N’chifukwa chiyani Kadzidzi adakana kuti Kansire akhale mfumu? 3 Ndi chiyani chidachititsa mbalame zonse kukhulupirira kuti Kansire adali wa kumizimu?

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira kuti afotokoze nkhani yomwe amvetsera.

198

MUTU 28

Phunziro 2 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  alosera nkhani  awerenga nkhani  alemba maganizo awo pankhani yomwe awerenga Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi amawu/mtengo wa mawu

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira kuti achite mpikisano owerenga mawu okhala ndi mts, ng, tsw ndi nkh kuchokera pa mtengo wa mawu.

Ntchito 28.2.1

(Mphindi 8)

Kulosera nkhani

Tsopano tilosera nkhani pogwiritsa ntchito chithunzi ndi mutu wa nkhani. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 110. Kambiranani ndi ophunzira mafunso othandiza kulosera zochitika m’nkhani.

Ntchito 28.2.2

(Mphindi 10)

Kuwerenga nkhani

Tsopano muwerenga nkhani pogwiritsa ntchito njira yofotokoza nkhani mwachidule. Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge m’magulu, awiriawiri kapena mmodzimmodzi.

Ntchito 28.2.3

(Mphindi 7)

Kulemba maganizo

Tsopano mulemba maganizo anu pa nkhani yomwe mwawerenga. Mukadakhala kuti munali mmodzi oima nawo pa chisankho chomwe chidachitika pasukulu ya Masera ndipo simunasankhidwe, mukadatani? Limbikitsani ophunzira kulemba maganizo.

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira angapo kuti awerenge zomwe alemba.

MUTU 28

Phunziro 3 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga ndime imodzi ya nkhani molondola ndi mofulumira  alemba lembetso Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi amawu

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Ophunzira apange ziganizo pogwiritsa ntchito makadi amawu 199

Ntchito 28.3.1

Kuwerenga ndime ya nkhani

(Mphindi 7)

Tsopano muwerenga ndime imodzi ya nkhani molondola ndi mofulumira kuchokera pa tsamba 110. Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge m’magulu, awiriawiri kapena mmodzimmodzi.

Ntchito 28.3.2

(Mphindi 18)

Kulemba lembetso

Tsopano mulemba lembetso. Tsatirani ndondomeko yolembera lembetso. Ndime ya lembetso ndi iyi: Lidali tsiku/ Lachisanu masana/ pomwe sukulu ya Masera/ idachititsa chisankho/ cha atsogoleri a ophunzira./ Pa tsikuli,/ mtima ya ophunzira/ idali thi, thi, thi,/ kufuna kusankha atsogoleriwo./

(Mphindi 5)

Mathero

Kambiranani ndi ophunzira momwe akadalembera lembotsoli poona pa tsamba 110 m’buku lawo.

MUTU 28

Phunziro 4 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga nkhani  apereka matanthauzo amawu  asanja ziganizo Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi amawu

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge mawu awa: mtsogoleri, tanganidwa, chisankho, bata ndi yang'anira kuchokera pa makadi.

Ntchito 28.4.1

(Mphindi 10)

Kuwerenga nkhani

Tsopano muwerenga nkhani pogwiritsa ntchito njira yofotokoza nkhani mwachidule. Onani momwe njirayi imagwirira ntchito m’Mutu 22.4.2. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 110. Ophunzira awerenge m’magulu/awiriawiri/mmodzimmodzi.

Ntchito 28.4.2

Kupereka matanthauzo amawu

(Mphindi 7)

Tsopano mupereka matanthauzo amawu. Gwiritsani ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana. Mawuwa ndi mtsogoleri, tanganidwa, chisankho ndi bata.

Ntchito 28.4.3

(Mphindi 8)

Kusanja ziganizo

Tsopano musanja ziganizo. Tsekulani pa tsamba 112. Kambiranani ndi ophunzira chitsanzo ndi momwe achitire Ntchito A. Uzani ophunzira kuti alembe ntchitoyi m'makope mwawo. Yenderani ndi kuthandiza ophunzira.

200

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Kambiranani ndi ophunzira mayankho a ntchitoyi ndipo akonze zomwe adalakwa.

MUTU 28

Phunziro 5 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga nkhani  ayankha mafunso Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera mawu omwe akupezeka m’kalasi

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira kuti atchule mawu okhala ndi mts nkh ng dw omwe akuwadziwa. Limbikitsani ophunzira kugwiritsa ntchito mawu onse omwe akupezeka m’kalasi.

Ntchito 28.5.1

(Mphindi 15)

Kuwerenga nkhani

Tsopano muwerenga nkhani pogwiritsa ntchito njira yofotokoza nkhani mwachidule. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 110. Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge mwachinunu.

Ntchito 28.5.2

(Mphindi 10)

Kuyankha mafunso

Tsopano muyankha mafunso kuchokera pa nkhani yomwe mwawerenga. Tsekulani pa tsamba 112. Uzani ophunzira kuti ayankhe mafunso molemba. Thandizani ophunzira kuyankha mafunso moyenera.

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Kambiranani ndi ophunzira mayankho a mafunso ndipo akonze zomwe analakwa.

MUTU 28

Phunziro 6 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga nkhani molondola ndi mofulumira  apereka maganizo awo pankhani yomwe awerenga  apeza alowam’malo m’ziganizo Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera mtengo wa mawu

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira kuti aimbe nyimbo ina iliyonse yowerengera mawu omwe ali ndi mts, nkh, dw ndi ng’. Mwachitsanzo: Kusukulu n’kwabwino taphunzira kuwerenga.

201

Ntchito 28.6.1

(Mphindi 8)

Kuwerenga nkhani

Tsopano muwerenga nkhani molondola ndi mofulumira. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 110. Ophunzira awerenge m’magulu, awiriawiri kapena mmodzimodzi.

Ntchito 28.6.2

Kupereka maganizo

Ntchito 28.6.3

Kupeza alowam’malo

(Mphindi 10)

Tsopano mupereka maganizo anu pankhani yomwe mwawerenga. Uzani ophunzira kuti alembe kufunika kosankha atsogoleri apasukulu mogwirizana ndi nkhani yomwe awerenga. Thandizani ophunzira moyenera.

(Mphindi 9)

Tsopano mupeza alowam’malo m’ziganizo. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 113. Kambiranani ndi ophunzira chitsanzo cha ntchitoyi ndi momwe angachitire Ntchito B. Uzani ophunzira kuti alembe ntchitoyi m’makope mwawo. Yenderani ndi kuthandiza ophunzira.

Mathero

(Mphindi 3)

Kambiranani ndi ophunzira mayankho a ntchitoyi, ndipo akonze zomwe analakwa.

MUTU 28

Phunziro 7 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga mabuku oonjezera  asonyeza ntchito yomwe achita m’sabatayi Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera mabuku oonjezera, chipangizo choyesera

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira angapo kuti afotokoze nkhani zomwe adawerenga m’mabuku oonjezera m’sabatayi.

Ntchito 28.7.1

(Mphindi 25)

Kuwerenga mabuku oonjezera

Tsopano muwerenga mabuku oonjezera. Aliyense asankhe buku lomwe akufuna kuwerenga. Tsatirani ndondomeko yowerengera mabuku oonjezera.

Ntchito 28.7.2

Kuyesa ophunzira

Pamene ophunzira akuwerenga mabuku oonjezera, sankhani ophunzira angapo ndikuwayesa pa zizindikiro zakakhozedwe zam’sabatayi.

Kodi wophunzira:

wakhoza bwino kwambiri

wamvetsera nkhani? 202

wakhoza bwino

wakhoza pang’ono

ndi wofunika chithandizo

wawerenga mawu okhala ndi mts, nkh, ng, dw? wapereka matanthauzo a mawu? walemba lembetso? wawerenga nkhani? wayankha mafunso? wasanja ziganizo? wapeza alowam’malo? wawerenga mabuku oonjezera? wafotokoza zomwe wawerenga m’mabuku oonjezera? wapereka maganizo ake pa nkhani yomwe wawerenga?

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Ophunzira afotokoze maganizo awo pa nkhani zomwe awerenga. Lolani ophunzira kuti abwereke mabuku kuti akawerenge kunyumba. Kumbukirani kulembera mabuku omwe abwerekedwa.

MUTU 28

Phunziro 8 Chizindikiro chakakhozedwe Ophunzira abwereza ntchito yomwe sadachite bwino Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera Makadi kapena matchati amawu

Ntchito 28.8.1

Kubwereza ntchito yam’sabatayi

Sankhani ntchito yomwe ophunzira sadakhoze bwino m’sabatayi ndi kuibwereza.

203

(Mphindi 35)

MUTU 29 Madandaulo a nkhalamba

Phunziro 1

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  amvetsera nkhani  ayankha mafunso





Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera nkhani ya Ulendo wopita kwa agogo

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira kuti alosere pa mutu wa Ulendo wopita kwa agogo.

Ntchito 29.1.1

(Mphindi 13)

Kumvetsera nkhani

Tsopano tigwiritsa ntchito njira yopanga ganizo potsatira umboni omwe uli m’nkhani ndi zomwe mukudziwa kale. Onani momwe njirayi imagwirira ntchito m’Mutu 12.4.2. Ulendo wopita kwa agogo Unali m’mawa wa tsiku loweruka. Salome adatengana ndi mng’ono wake, Ndiuzayani ndi mlongo wawo, Chikumbutso. Iwo ankapita kukaona agogo awo, a Naphiri omwe ankakhala ku tsidya kwa mudzi wawo. Kuchokera m’mudzi mwawo kukafika kwa agogo awo, udali ulendo woyenda ola limodzi. Iwo akuyenda ankakambirana motere: Ndiuzayani

Pofunika kumafulumira kuti tikachezeko nthawi yaitali.

Chikumbutso

Zoonadi, Ndiuzayani. Pofunika kuti tifulumire. Agogo akatiuze nthano zambiri.

Salome

Agogo amanena nthano zosangalatsa. Ine ndimakondanso chiponde.

Ndiuzayani

Bola tikapeze thobwa. Agogo amaphika thobwa lokoma.

Atafika anadabwa kuona kuti chitseko cha nyumba ya agogowo chidali chotseka. Panjanso padali posasesa. Iwo adafunsana: Salome

Kodi agogo alikodi?

Chikumbutso

Tiyeni tikankhe chitsekochi kuti tione ngati ali m’nyumba.

Ndiuzayani

Hiii! Salome! Chikumbutso! Lowani mudzaone agogo akudwala.

Salome

Aaa! Agogo, mukudwala chiyani?

Agogo

Nyamakazi, mwanawe. Ndikulephera kudzuka.

Salome

Iwe Ndiuzayani ndi Chikumbutso, tiyeni tithandizane kukonza m’nyumba muno ndi panjapa.

Ndiuzayani

Iwe Salome, uchape zovala za agogowa. Ine ndisesa m’nyumba muno ndi kutsuka mbale ndi mapoto.

Chikumbutso

Ine ndisesa panja ponse.

Salome

Tiyeni tiyambe kugwira ntchitozi. Ine ndiyamba kuwaphikira kaye chakudya agogowa.

Atamaliza ntchitozo, agogowo adawathokoza adzukuluwo. Iwo atabwerera kwawo, adafotokozera makolo awo za matenda a agogowo. Makolowo adaganiza zowatengera agogowo kuchipatala. 204

Ntchito 29.1.2

Kuyankha mafunso

(Mphindi 7)

Tsopano ndikufunsani mafunso pa nkhani yomwe mwamvetsera. Funsani mafunso otsatirawa. 1 Kodi Salome ndi abale ake amapita kuti? 2 Kodi mukuganiza kuti Salome adali wamakhalidwe otani? Fotokozani chifukwa chake.

Salome

Kodi agogo alikodi?

Chikumbutso

Tiyeni tikankhe chitsekochi kuti tione ngati ali m’nyumba.

Ndiuzayani

Hiii! Salome! Chikumbutso! Lowani mudzaone agogo akudwala.

Salome

Aaa! Agogo, mukudwala chiyani?

Agogo 29.1.1 Ntchito

Nyamakazi,nkhani mwanawe. Ndikulephera kudzuka. Kumvetsera

(Mphindi 13)

Salome Iwe Ndiuzayani Chikumbutso, tiyeni tithandizane kukonzandi m’nyumba Tsopano tigwiritsa ntchito njira yopanga ndi ganizo potsatira umboni omwe uli m’nkhani zomwe muno ndi panjapa. mukudziwa kale. Onani momwe njirayi imagwirira ntchito m’Mutu 12.4.2. Ndiuzayani Iwe Salome, uchape zovala za agogowa. Ine ndisesa m’nyumba muno ndi Ulendo wopita kwa agogo mbale ndi adatengana mapoto. ndi mng’ono wake, Ndiuzayani ndi mlongo Unali m’mawa wa tsiku kutsuka loweruka. Salome wawo, Chikumbutso. IwoIne ankapita agogo awo, a Naphiri omwe ankakhala ku tsidya kwa mudzi Chikumbutso ndisesakukaona panja ponse. wawo. Kuchokera m’mudzi mwawo kukafika kwa agogo awo, udali ulendo woyenda ola limodzi. Iwo Salome tiyambe kugwira ntchitozi. Ine ndiyamba kuwaphikira kaye chakudya akuyenda ankakambiranaTiyeni motere: agogowa. Ndiuzayani Pofunika kumafulumira kuti tikachezeko nthawi yaitali. Atamaliza ntchitozo, agogowo adawathokoza adzukuluwo. Iwo atabwerera kwawo, adafotokozera Chikumbutso Ndiuzayani. kuti tifulumire. agogowo Agogo akatiuze nthano makolo awo za matenda Zoonadi, a agogowo. MakolowoPofunika adaganiza zowatengera kuchipatala. zambiri. Salome

Ntchito 29.1.2

Agogo amanena nthano zosangalatsa. Ine ndimakondanso chiponde.

(Mphindi 7)

Kuyankha mafunso

Ndiuzayani Bola tikapeze thobwa. Agogo amaphika thobwa lokoma. Tsopano ndikufunsani mafunso pa nkhani yomwe mwamvetsera. Funsani mafunso otsatirawa. Atafika kuona nyumba ya agogowo chidali chotseka. Panjanso 1 Kodianadabwa Salome ndi abalekuti akechitseko amapitacha kuti? padali posasesa. Iwo adafunsana: 2 Kodi mukuganiza kuti Salome adali wamakhalidwe otani? Fotokozani chifukwa chake. 3Salome N’chifukwa chiyani kuli kusamalira okalamba? Kodikoyenera agogo alikodi? Chikumbutso

Mathero Ndiuzayani

Tiyeni tikankhe chitsekochi kuti tione ngati ali m’nyumba.

Hiii! Salome! Chikumbutso! Lowani mudzaone agogo akudwala. Uzani ophunzira angapo kuti afotokoze nkhani yomwe amvetsera. Salome Aaa! Agogo, mukudwala chiyani?

(Mphindi 5)

Agogo

Nyamakazi, mwanawe. Ndikulephera kudzuka.

Salome

Iwe Ndiuzayani ndi Chikumbutso, tiyeni tithandizane kukonza m’nyumba muno ndi panjapa.

Ndiuzayani

Iwe Salome, uchape zovala za agogowa. Ine ndisesa m’nyumba muno ndi kutsuka mbale ndi mapoto. 205 Ine ndisesa panja ponse.

Chikumbutso Salome

Tiyeni tiyambe kugwira ntchitozi. Ine ndiyamba kuwaphikira kaye chakudya agogowa.

Atamaliza ntchitozo, agogowo adawathokoza adzukuluwo. Iwo atabwerera kwawo, adafotokozera makolo awo za matenda a agogowo. Makolowo adaganiza zowatengera agogowo kuchipatala.

Ntchito 29.1.2

(Mphindi 7)

Kuyankha mafunso

Tsopano ndikufunsani mafunso pa nkhani yomwe mwamvetsera. Funsani mafunso otsatirawa. 1 Kodi Salome ndi abale ake amapita kuti? 2 Kodi mukuganiza kuti Salome adali wamakhalidwe otani? Fotokozani chifukwa chake. 3 N’chifukwa chiyani kuli koyenera kusamalira okalamba?

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira angapo kuti afotokoze nkhani yomwe amvetsera.

205

MUTU 29

Phunziro 2 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  alosera ndakatulo  awerenga ndakatulo  alemba maganizo awo pa ndakatulo yomwe awerenga Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera tchati la ziganizo

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 3)

Uzani ophunzira angapo kuti awerenge ziganizo kuchokera patchati la ziganizo.

Ntchito 29.2.1

(Mphindi 8)

Kulosera ndakatulo

Tsopano tilosera zochitika m’ndakatulo pogwiritsa ntchito chithunzi ndi mutu wa ndakatulo. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 114. Kambiranani ndi ophunzira mafunso othandiza kulosera zochitika m’ndakatulo.

Ntchito 29.2.2

(Mphindi 10)

Kuwerenga ndakatulo

Tsopano muwerenga ndakatulo pogwiritsa ntchito njira yopanga ganizo potsatira umboni omwe uli m’ndakatulo ndi zomwe mukudziwa kale. Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge m’magulu, awiriawiri kapena mmodzimmodzi.

Ntchito 29.2.3

Kulemba za woyankhula

(Mphindi 9)

Pezani woyankhula m’ ndakatuloyi ndi kukambirana ndi ophunzira phunziro lomwe apeza m’ndakatuloyi. Uzani ophunzira kuti alembe madandaulo anayi a woyankhulayo.

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge zomwe alemba zokhudza madandaulo a woyankhula.

MUTU 29

Phunziro 3 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga ndime  alemba ndime mwaluso Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi amawu, tchati la ziganizo zolembedwa mwaluso

206

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira kuti atole makadi amawu ndi kuwerenga molondola ndi mofulumira. Mawuwa ndi nkhalamba, nzeru, mphamvu, ndi mgaiwa.

Ntchito 29.3.1

(Mphindi 7)

Kuwerenga ndime

Tsopano muwerenga ndime imodzi ya ndakatulo potsatira kamvekedwe ka ndakatulo. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 114. Ophunzira awerenge m’magulu, awiriawiri kapena mmodzimmodzi.

Ntchito 29.3.2

Kulemba mwaluso

(Mphindi 18)

Tsopano mulemba ndime mwaluso. Tsatirani ndondomeko yakulemba mwaluso. Samaleni mphamvu zatha Chikondi chanu patseni Osamba madzi phitsireni Kuti litsiro lichoke Thupi langa lipepuke Ophunzira alembe ndimeyi m’makope mwawo ndipo athandizeni moyenera. Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Ophunzira asinthane ntchito yawo ndipo awerenge.

MUTU 29

Phunziro 4 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga ndakatulo  apereka matanthauzo amawu  alemba kalata Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera tchati la kalata, tchati la mawu

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira kuti achite sewero lokhwatcha mawu omwe alembedwa patchati.

Ntchito 29.4.1

(Mphindi 10)

Kuwerenga ndakatulo

Tsopano muwerenga ndakatulo pogwiritsa ntchito njira yopanga ganizo potsatira umboni omwe uli m’ndakatulo ndi zomwe mukuzidziwa kale. Onani momwe njirayi imagwirira ntchito m’Mutu 12.4.2. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 114. Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge m’magulu, awiriawiri kapena mmodzimmodzi.

207

Ntchito 29.4.2

Kupereka matanthauzo amawu

Ntchito 29.4.3

Kulemba Kalata

(Mphindi 7)

Tsopano mupereka matanthauzo amawu. Gwiritsani ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana. Mawuwa ndi khumbi, mtsiro ndi mphamvu.

(Mphindi 10)

Tsopano mulemba kalata kwa mnzanu yomufotokozera zinthu zosangalatsa zimene zili pasukulu panu. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 116. Kambiranani ndi ophunzira momwe alembere kalata (Ntchito A). Ophunzira alembe ntchitoyi ndipo muwathandize moyenera.

Mathero

(Mphindi 3)

Kambiranani ndi ophunzira momwe akadalembera kalatayi pogwiritsa ntchito tchati la kalata. Uzani ophunzira kuti akaloweze ndakatulo kwawo.

MUU 29

Phunziro 5 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga ndakatulo  ayankha mafunso Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi amawu

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Ophunzira awerenge mawu awa: nkhalamba, mphamvu, nzeru, mtsiro, chisamaliro ndi mukandisala mofulumira kuchokera pa makadi.

Ntchito 29.5.1

Kuwerenga ndakatulo

(Mphindi 10)

Tsopano muwerenga ndakatulo pogwiritsa ntchito njira yopanga ganizo popereka umboni omwe uli m’ndakatulo ndi zomwe mukuzidziwa kale. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 114. Ophunzira awerenge mwachinunu.

Ntchito 29.5.2

(Mphindi 15)

Kuyankha mafunso

Tsopano muyankha mafunso kuchokera pa ndakatulo yomwe mwawerenga. Tsekulani mabuku pa tsamba 116. Ophunzira ayankhe mafunso molemba ndipo muwathandize moyenera.

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Kambiranani ndi ophunzira mayankho a mafunso ndipo akonze zomwe analakwa.

208

MUTU 29

Phunziro 6 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga ndakatulo  apereka maganizo awo pa ndakatulo yomwe awerenga  apeza aonjezi amalo Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi amawu

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 3)

Ophunzira atole makadi omwe ali ndi maphatikizo awa: mbi, mvu, ru, mba, nze, nkha, khu, mpha, la ndi kupanga mawu monga nkhalamba, nzeru, khumbi ndi mphamvu.

Ntchito 29.6.1

(Mphindi 10)

Kuwerenga ndakatulo

Tsopano muwerenga ndakatulo potsatira kamvekedwe ka ndakatulo. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 114. Ophunzira awerenge m’magulu, awiriawiri kapena mmodzimmodzi.

Ntchito 29.6.2

(Mphindi 9)

Kupereka maganizo

Tsopano mupereka maganizo anu pa ndakatulo yomwe mwawerenga. Uzani ophunzira kuti afotokoze zomwe akufuna anthu azidzawachitira akadzakalamba. Thandizani ophunzira moyenera.

Ntchito 29.6.3

Kupeza aonjezi amalo

(Mphindi 10)

Tsopano mupeza aonjezi amalo m’ziganizo. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 117. Kambiranani ndi ophunzira chitsanzo cha ntchito ndi momwe achitire Ntchito B. Ophunzira alembe ntchitoyi m’makope mwawo. Yenderani ndi kuthandiza ophunzira.

Mathero

(Mphindi 3)

Kambiranani ndi ophunzira mayankho a ntchitoyi ndipo akonze zomwe analakwa.

MUTU 29

Phunziro 7 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: 

awerenga mabuku oonjezera



asonyeza ntchito yomwe achita m’sabatayi

Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera

mabuku oonjezera, chipangizo choyesera

209

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Ophunzira afotokoze zomwe adawerenga m’mabuku oonjezera.

Ntchito 29.7.1

(Mphindi 25)

Kuwerenga mabuku oonjezera

Tsopano muwerenga mabuku oonjezera. Aliyense asankhe buku lomwe akufuna kuwerenga. Tsatirani ndondomeko yowerengera mabuku oonjezera.

Ntchito 29.7.2

(Mphindi )

Kuyesa ophunzira

Pamene ophunzira akuwerenga mabuku oonjezera sankhani ophunzira angapo ndi kuwayesa pa zizindikiro za kakhozedwe za m’sabatayi. Kodi wophunzira:

wakhoza bwino kwambiri

wamvetsera nkhani?

wakhoza bwino

wakhoza pang’ono

ndi wofunika chithandizo

wawerenga mawu okhala ndi kh, mph, mts? wapereka matanthauzo amawu? walemba ndime mwaluso? wawerenga ndakatulo? wayankha mafunso? walemba kalata? wapeza aonjezi amalo m’ziganizo? wawerenga mabuku oonjezera? wafotokoza zomwe wawerenga m’mabuku oonjezera? wapereka maganizo ake pankhani yomwe wawerenga?

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Ophunzira afotokoze zomwe awerenga. Uzani ophunzira angapo kuti apereke maganizo awo pa nkhani zomwe awerenga. Lolani ophunzira kuti abwereke mabuku kuti akawerenge ku nyumba. Kumbukirani kulembera mabuku onse omwe ophunzira abwereka.

210

MUTU 29

Phunziro 8 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira abwereza ntchito yomwe sadachite bwino Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera matchati a ziganizo/ makadi a mawu ndi maphatikizo

Ntchito 29.8.1

Kubwereza ntchito yam’sabatayi

Sankhani ntchito yomwe ophunzira sadachite bwino m’sabatayi ndi kuibwereza.

211

(Mphindi 35)

MUTU 30 Kubwereza ndi kuyesa

Phunziro 1

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  amvetsera nkhani  ayankha mafunso molondola  afotokoza nkhani yomwe amvetsera Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzira ndi zoyesera makadi amaphatikizo

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Ophunzira angapo afotokoze nkhani zomwe akuzidziwa.

Ntchito 30.1.1

(Mphindi 13)

Kumvetsera nkhani

Sankhani nkhani ina iliyonse yomwe mudaphunzitsa m’Mitu 26 mpaka 28. Mumvetsera nkhani pogwiritsa ntchito njira yodzifunsa mafunso. Onani momwe njirayi imagwirira ntchito m’Mutu 1.4.2.

Ntchito 30.1.2

(Mphindi 5)

Kuyankha mafunso

Tsopano ndikufunsani mafunso pankhani yomwe mwamvetsera. Funsani mafunso okhudza mfundo zikuluzikulu za nkhaniyo.

Ntchito 30.1.3

(Mphindi 7)

Kufotokoza nkhani

Ophunzira afotokoze zomwe amvetsera m’nkhani.

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Ophunzira achite masewera opanga mawu pogwiritsa ntchito makadi amaphatikizo.

MUTU 30

Phunziro 2 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga nkhani molondola ndi mofulumira  alemba mawu oyenera m‘ziganizo Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera mawu omwe ali pakhoma

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 3)

Ophunzira aimbe nyimbo monga Yang’anayang’ana pomwe pali… yotchula mawu okhala ndi mph, ny, mw, ndw, nz, nth, mts, nkh, tsw, ng', mv ndi mg omwe ali pakhoma.

212

Ntchito 30.2.1

Kuwerenga nkhani

Ntchito 30.2.2

Kulemba mawu oyenera

(Mphindi 13)

Sankhani nkhani imodzi yomwe mudaphunzitsa m’Mitu 26 mpaka 28. Tsopano muwerenga nkhani pogwiritsa ntchito njira yofotokoza nkhani mwachidule. Ophunzira awerenge m’magulu, awiriawiri kapena mmodzimmodzi. Limbikitsani ophunzira kupeza mfundo zikuluzikulu pamene akuwerenga. Kambiranani ndi ophunzira mfundozi ndi kuzilemba m’ndime yomveka bwino.

(Mphindi 15)

Tsopano mulemba mawu oyenera m’ziganizo. Tsekulani pa tsamba 118. Kambiranani ndi ophunzira chitsanzo cha ntchito ndi momwe achitire Ntchito A. Ophunzira alembe ntchitoyi ndipo muwathandize moyenera.

Mathero

(Mphindi 4)

Kambiranani mayankho olondola a ntchitoyi ndipo akonze zomwe analakwa.

MUTU 30

Phunziro 3 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga ndime ya nkhani molondola ndi mofulumira  alemba ziganizo mwaluso Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera tchati la mawu

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Ophunzira atchule mawu omwe amayamba ndi malembo ofanana a mp. Mawuwa monga mpeni, mpani, mpata, mpanda, mpini, mpopi ndi mpunga.

Ntchito 30.3.1

Kuwerenga ndime ya nkhani

(Mphindi 7)

Sankhani nkhani imodzi yochokera m'Mitu 26 mpaka 28 ndipo muilembe mwaluso pabolodi. Tsopano muwerenga ndime ya nkhani molondola ndi mofulumira. Ophunzira awerenge m’magulu/awiriawiri/mmodzimmodzi.

Ntchito 30.3.2

Kulemba ziganizo mwaluso

(Mphindi 18)

Tsopano mulemba mwaluso ndime yomwe mwawerenga. Lembani chiganizo chimodzi cha ndimeyi mwaluso pabolodi ophunzira akuona. Ophunzira alembe ndime yonse mwaluso. Yenderani ndi kuthandiza ophunzira.

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Ophunzira asinthane ntchito yawo ndipo awerenge.

213

MUTU 30

Phunziro 4 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  apeza matanthauzo a mawu  awerenga macheza molondola ndi mofulumira  alemba maganizo awo pa macheza omwe awerenga Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi amawu

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 3)

Ophunzira awerenge mawu kuchokera pamakadi. Ntchito 30.4.1

Kupeza matanthauzo amawu

(Mphindi 7)

Bwerezani kukambirana ndi ophunzira matanthauzo amawu omwe mudaphunzitsa m' Mitu 26 mpaka 29 ndipo apange ziganizo zomveka bwino.

Ntchito 30.4.2

(Mphindi 12)

Kuwerenga macheza

Bwerezani macheza womwe mudaphunzitsa m’Mutu 26. Tsopano muwerenga macheza pogwiritsa ntchito njira yolumikiza zomwe mukuzidziwa kale ndi zimene muwerenge. Ophunzira awerenge macheza mogawana mbali.

Ntchito 30.4.3

Kulemba maganizo pa makhalidwe a mtengambali

(Mphindi 10)

Tsopano mulemba maganizo anu pa macheza omwe mwawerenga. Ophunzira alembe maganizo awo pa makhalidwe a mtengambali. Mathero

(Mphindi 3)

Ophunzira aimbe nyimbo yowerenga mawu omwe ali pa makoma am’kalasi.

MUTU 30

Phunziro 5 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga nkhani molondola ndi mofulumira  apereka mawu otsutsana m’matanthauzo Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera mtengo wa mawu

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Ophunzira awerenge mawu kuchokera pa mtengo wa mawu.

214

Ntchito 30.5.1

Kuwerenga nkhani

Ntchito 30.5.2

Kupereka mawu otsutsana m’matanthauzo

(Mphindi 10)

Sankhani nkhani imodzi yomwe ophunzira sadachite bwino pa Mitu 27 ndi 28. Tsopano muwerenga nkhani pogwiritsa ntchito njira yofanizira zomwe mukudziwa kale ndi zimene muwerenge. Ophunzira awerenge molondola ndi mofulumira m’magulu/awiriawiri/mmodzimmodzi. Thandizani ophunzira moyenera.

(Mphindi 15)

Tsopano tipereka mawu otsutsana m’matanthauzo. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 119. Kambiranani chitsanzo ndi ophunzira ndi kufotokoza momwe achitire Ntchito B. Ophunzira alembe ntchitoyi ndipo muwathandize moyenera.

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Pezani mawu ena ndipo uzani ophunzira kuti apereke mawu otsutsana nawo.

MUTU 30

Phunziro 6 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga ndakatulo  alakatula ndakatulo  afotokoza zochitika m'ndakatulo Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi a mawu

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Ophunzira afotokoze ena mwa mavuto omwe nkhalamba zimakumana nawo.

Ntchito 30.6.1

(Mphindi 10)

Kuwerenga ndakatulo

Tsopano muwerenga ndakatulo kuchokera m’buku lanu pa tsamba 110. Ophunzira awerenge ndakatuloyi mwachinunu ndipo aloweze.

Ntchito 30.6.2

Kulakatula ndakatulo

Ntchito 30.6.3

Kukambirana zochitika m’ndakatulo

(Mphindi 8)

Ophunzira angapo alakatule ndakatuloyi ndipo muwathandize moyenera.

(Mphindi 7)

Tsopano tikambirana mfundo za mnkhani za m’ndakatulo. Kambiranani ndi ophunzira zomwe zikuchitika m’ndakatuloyi. Mwachitsanzo: Kodi akuyankhula m’ndakatuloyi ndani? Iyeyu ali ndi madandaulo otani? Nanga inu mukuganiza kuti mungachite chiyani? Kambiranani mayankho a ophunzira. Pitirizani ndi mafunso ena okhudza ndakatuloyi. Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Ophunzira angapo alakatule ndime imodzi ya ndakatulo. 215

MUTU 30

Phunziro 7 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga nkhani molondola ndi mofulumira  apeza aonjezi m’ziganizo Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi a maphatikizo

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Ophunzira achite masewera opanga mawu pogwiritsa ntchito makadi a maphatikizo.

Ntchito 30.7.1

Kuwerenga nkhani

Ntchito 30.7.2

Kupeza aonjezi m'ziganizo

(Mphindi 12)

Sankhani nkhani imodzi kuchokera m’Mitu 27 ndi 28. Tsopano muwerenga nkhaniyo pogwiritsa ntchito njira yofotokoza nkhani mwachidule. Ophunzira awerenge nkhaniyi m’magulu, awiriawiri kapena mmodzommodzi molondola ndi mofulumira.

(Mphindi 13)

Tsopano tipeza aonjezi m’ziganizo. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 119. Kambiranani ndi ophunzira chitsanzo ndi momwe achitire Ntchito C. Ophunzira alembe ntchitoyi. Yenderani ndi kuona zomwe akuchita ndipo muthandize ophunzira.

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Ophunzira apange ziganizo ndi aneni ena omwe akuwadziwa.

MUTU 30

Phunziro 8 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga mabuku oonjezera  afotokoza zomwe awerenga m’mabuku oonjezera Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi, mabuku oonjezera

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Ophunzira afotokoze zomwe adawerenga m’mabuku oonjezera.

Ntchito 30.8.1

Kuwerenga mabuku oonjezera

(Mphindi 17)

Tsopano muwerenga mabuku oonjezera. Aliyense asankhe buku lomwe akufuna kuwerenga. Tsatirani ndondomeko yowerengera mabuku oonjezera.

216

Ntchito 30.8.2

(Mphindi 8)

Kufotokoza nkhani

Funsani ophunzira angapo kuti afotokoze zomwe awerenga. Uzani ophunzira kuti afotokoze maganizo awo pa nkhani yomwe awerenga. Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Funsani mafunso okhudza ampangankhani, malo ndi nthawi yomwe nkhani. idachitika. Lolani ophunzira kuti abwereke mabuku okawerenga kunyumba. Kumbukirani kulembera mabuku onse omwe ophunzira abwereka.

217

MUTU 31 Kudzidalira pa chuma

Phunziro 1

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  amvetsera nkhani  ayankha mafunso Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera nkhani ya Chisomo alandira mphotho

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Funsani ophunzira angapo kuti afotokoze nkhani zomwe akuzidziwa.

Ntchito 31.1.1

(Mphindi 15)

Kumvetsera nkhani

Tsopano tigwiritsa ntchito njira yolosera nkhani pogwiritsa ntchito mutu wa nkhani. Tsatirani ndondomeko yolosera nkhani pogwiritsa ntchito mutu wa nkhani. Chisomo alandira mphotho M’mudzi mwa a Kamama mudali mtsikana wina dzina lake Chisomo. Iye adali mtsikana wamphamvu ndi waluso. Chisomo amaumba miphika ndi kusoka mphasa. Amathanso kupera chipere pamphero. Chisomo amagwira ntchitozi akaweruka ku sukulu. Tsiku lina bungwe lina lidachititsa mpikisano wosoka mphasa. Chisomo adaganiza zolowa nawo mpikisanowo. Iye adasoka mphasa yokongola kwambiri komanso yolimba. Mpikisano utayamba, opikisana onse adayala mphasa zawo. Mphasa ya Chisomo idali yokongola kuposa zonse. Ochititsa mpikisanowo akuyendera mphasazo, adaona kuti mphasa ya Chisomo idali yokongola ndi yolimba pa mphasa zonse. Ochititsa mpikisano adalengeza kuti Chisomo ndiye adapambana. Iwo adapereka mphotho kwa Chisomo monga yunifomu, nsapato, makope, zolembera ndi njinga yoti adzikwera popita ku sukulu. Chisomo ndi makolo ake adasangalala kwambiri.

Ntchito 31.1.2

(Mphindi 10)

Kuyankha mafunso

Funsani ophunzira mafunso otsatirawa: 1 Kodi Chisomo amakhala m’mudzi wayani? 2 N’chifukwa chiyani Chisomo adalandira mphotho? 3 Fotokozani ubwino wogwiritsa ntchito maluso omwe tili nawo.

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Ophunzira afotokoze nkhani yomwe amvetsera.

218

MUTU 31

Phunziro 2 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  alosera macheza  awerenga macheza  alemba maganizo awo pa macheza omwe awerenga Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi amawu

(Mphindi 3)

Chiyambi

Uzani ophunzira atole makadi a mawu okhala ndi nkhw, khw, kh, ph ndi kupanga ziganizo.

Ntchito 31.2.1

(Mphindi 5)

Kulosera macheza

Tsopano tilosera macheza pogwiritsa ntchito chithunzi ndi mutu wa macheza. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 119.

Ntchito 31.2.2

(Mphindi 9)

Kuwerenga macheza

Tsopano tiwerenga macheza pogwiritsa ntchito njira yofotokoza nkhani mwachidule. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 120. Onani momwe njirayi imagwirira ntchito m’Mutu 22.4.1. Ophunzira awerenge m’magulu/awiriawiri pogawana mbali.

Ntchito 31.2.3

Kulemba makhalidwe a mtengambali

(Mphindi 13)

Sankhani mtengambali ndipo kukambirana ndi ophunzira makhalidwe a mtengambaliyo. Ophunzira asankhe mtengambali wina ndi kulemba makhalidwe ake.

(Mphindi 5)

Mathero Ophunzira ena aonetse anzawo zomwe alemba ndipo awerenge.

219

MUTU 31

Phunziro 3 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: alemba chimangirizo Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera tchati la chimangirizo

(Mphindi 5)

Chiyambi Uzani ophunzira kuti anene magawo a chimangirizo.

Ntchito 31.3.1

Kukonzekera kulemba chimangirizo

(Mphindi 7)

Ophunzira apereke mfundo zitatu za momwe angasamalirire anthu okalamba ndi zifukwa zake. Lembani mfundozi pabolodi. Thandizani ophunzira kutchula mfundo monga izi: kuwapatsa zakudya, kuwachapira zovala, kuwaphitsira madzi osamba ndi kuwakonzera m’nyumba ndi zifukwa zake monga: sangathe kudzipezera chakudya paokha, alibe mphamvu komanso akhale ndi moyo wathanzi.

Ntchito 31.3.2

Kulemba chimangirizo

(Mphindi 18)

Tsopano mulemba chimangirizo pa mutu woti Kusamalira anthu okalamba poyankha mafunso otsatirawa. 1 Fotokozani njira zitatu zosamalira anthu okalamba. 2 N’chifukwa chiyani ndi kofunika kusamalira anthu okalamba?

(Mphindi 5)

Mathero Ophunzira asinthane ntchito yawo ndipo awerenge.

MUTU 31

Phunziro 4 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga macheza  apereka matanthauzo a mawu  apeza matanthauzo a zilapi Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi amawu

(Mphindi 3)

Chiyambi

Uzani ophunzira kuti apikisane powerenga mawu okhala ndi nkhw, khw, kh, ph kuchokera pa makadi.

220

Ntchito 31.4.1

(Mphindi 10)

Kuwerenga macheza

Tsopano tiwerenga macheza pogwiritsa ntchito njira yofotokoza nkhani mwachidule. Onani momwe njirayi imagwirira ntchito m’Mutu 22.4.2. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 120. Ophunzira awerenge m’magulu kapena awiriawiri.

Ntchito 31.4.2

Kupereka matanthauzo a mawu

(Mphindi 7)

Tsopano tipereka matanthauzo a mawu. Gwiritsani ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana. Mawuwa ndi khwimbi, zidebe, zifuyo ndi khama.

Ntchito 31.4.3

Kupeza matanthauzo a zilapi

(Mphindi 10)

Tsopano tipeza matanthauzo a zilapi. Tsekulani pa tsamba 122. Kambiranani ndi ophunzira chitsanzo ndi momwe angachitire Ntchito A. Ophunzira alembe ntchitoyi ndipo muwathandize moyenera. Mayankho: 1 tambala 2 chimanga 3 bowa 4 nthutumba 5 lamba

(Mphindi 5)

Mathero Ophunzira aponyerane zilapi zawo.

MUTU 31

Phunziro 5 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga macheza  ayankha mafunso Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi amawu

(Mphindi 5)

Chiyambi

Uzani ophunzira kuti apange ziganizo ndi mawu okhala ndi khw, ph, kh kuchokera pa makadi.

Ntchito 31.5.1

Kuwerenga nkhani

(Mphindi 15)

Tsopano tiwerenga nkhani pogwiritsa ntchito njira yofotokoza nkhani mwachidule. Tsekulani mabuku anu patsamba 120. Onani momwe njirayi imagwirira ntchito m’Mutu 22.4.1. Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge mwachinunu.

Ntchito 31.5.2

Kuyankha mafunso

(Mphindi 12)

Tsopano muyankha mafunso kuchokera pa macheza omwe mwawerenga. Tsekulani mabuku anu patsamba 123. Uzani ophunzira kuti alembe mayankho amafunso. Thandizani ophunzira kuyankha mafunso moyenera.

221

(Mphindi 3)

Mathero Kambiranani ndi ophunzira mayankho a mafunso ndipo akonze zomwe sanachite bwino.

MUTU 31

Phunziro 6 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga macheza molondola ndi mofulumira  apereka maganizo awo pa macheza omwe awerenga  apeza mayina aunyinji m’ziganizo Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi amawu

(Mphindi 4)

Chiyambi Uzani ophunzira kuti atole makadi a mawu mopikisana ndi kuwerenga mawuwo.

Ntchito 31.6.1

(Mphindi 10)

Kuwerenga macheza

Tsopano tiwerenga macheza molondola komanso mofulumira. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 120. Ophunzira awerenge awiriawiri. Limbikitsani ophunzira kuwerenga mofulumira, mosadodoma komanso momveka bwino.

Ntchito 31.6.2

(Mphindi 10)

Kupereka maganizo pa ntchito zotukula madera

Tsopano tipereka maganizo pa macheza omwe tawerenga. Uzani ophunzira kuti afotokoze ntchito zomwe zingathandize kutukula madera awo. Thandizani ophunzira moyenera.

Ntchito 31.6.3

Kupeza mayina aunyinji

(Mphindi 8)

Tsopano tipeza mayina aunyinji. Kambiranani ndi ophunzira tanthauzo la dzina launyinji monga dzina launyinji ndi dzina loimira zinthu za pagulu osati chimodzi. Perekani chitsanzo monga: Amayi agula phava la nthochi. Ophunzira apereke zitsanzo zawo. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 124. Kambiranani chitsanzo ndi momwe achitire Ntchito B. Ophunzira alembe ntchitoyi. Yenderani ndi kuthandiza ophunzira.

(Mphindi 3)

Mathero Kambiranani ndi ophunzira mayankho a ntchitoyi ndipo akonze zomwe sanachite bwino.

222

MUTU 31

Phunziro 7 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga mabuku oonjezera  asonyeza ntchito yomwe achita m’sabatayi Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera mabuku oonjezera, chipangizo choyesera

(Mphindi 5)

Chiyambi Uzani ophunzira kuti afotokoze zomwe adawerenga m’mabuku oonjezera.

Ntchito 31.7.2

(Mphindi 25)

Kuwerenga mabuku oonjezera

Tsopano muwerenga mabuku oonjezera. Aliyense asankhe buku lomwe akufuna kuwerenga. Tsatirani ndondomeko yowerengera mabuku oonjezera.

Ntchito 31.7.3

Kuyesa ophunzira

Pamene ophunzira akuwerenga mabuku oonjezera, sankhani ophunzira angapo ndikuwayesa pa zizindikiro za kakhozedwe za m’sabatayi. Kodi wophunzira: wamvetsera nkhani?

wakhoza bwino kwambiri

wakhoza bwino

wakhoza pang’ono

ndi wofunika chithandizo

wawerenga mawu okhala ndi khw, kh? wayankha mafunso? wafotokoza macheza? wawerenga macheza? wapeza matanthauzo a zilapi? walemba chimangirizo? wapeza mayina aunyinji m’ziganizo? wawerenga mabuku oonjezera? wafotokoza zomwe wawerenga m’mabuku oonjezera? wapereka maganizo ake pa nkhani yomwe wawerenga?

/

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira angapo kuti apereke maganizo awo pa nkhani zomwe awerenga. Lolani ophunzira kuti abwereke mabuku okawerenga kunyumba. Kumbukirani kulemba kalembera mabuku omwe ophunzira abwereka 223

MUTU 31

Phunziro 8 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: abwereza ntchito yomwe sadachite bwino Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi a maphatikizo ndi mawu

Ntchito 31.8.1

Kubwereza ntchito yam’sabatayi

Sankhani ntchito yomwe ophunzira sadachite bwino m’sabatayi ndi kuibwereza.

224

(Mphindi 35)

MUTU 32 Phindu la ulimi waziweto

Phunziro 1

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  amvetsera ndakatulo  ayankha mafunso Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera ndakatulo yomwe mutu wake ndi M’ziweto muli phindu Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira kuti afotokoze nkhani ina iliyonse yomwe akuidziwa. Ntchito 32.1.1

Kumvetsera ndakatulo

(Mphindi 13)

Tsopano mumvetsera ndakatulo pogwiritsa ntchito njira yodzifunsa mafunso. Ndiwerenga ndakatulo ndipo inu muvetsere. Onani momwe njirayi imagwirira ntchito m’Mutu 1.1.2. M’ziweto muli phindu Mziweto muli phindu Poti nkhuku mazira zitipatsa Ana thanzi pakudya alipezadi Moyo wabwino upitirire M’ziweto muli phindu Poti nkhosa nyama zitipatsa Thanzi banja pakudya lilipezadi Moyo wabwino upitirire M’ziweto muli phindu Poti ng’ombe mkaka zitipatsa Agogo thanzi pakumwa alipezadi Moyo wabwino upitirire M’ziweto muli phindu Poti tikagulitsa nkhuku, mazira, nyama ndi mkaka Banja chisangalalo lichipezadi Moyo wabwino upitirire Ntchito 32.1.2

(Mphindi 5)

Kuyankha mafunso

Tsopano ndikufunsani mafunso pa ndakatulo yomwe mwamvetsera. Funsani mafunso otsatirawa. 1 Tchulani kufunika kwa ziweto kwa mlimi. 2 N’chifukwa chiyani banja lonse limasangalala tikapeza ndalama? 3 Kodi mungasamalire bwanji ziweto kuti mupeze phindu lochuluka? Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira kuti afotokoze ndakatulo yomwe amvetsera.

225

MUTU 32

Phunziro 2 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  alosera nkhani  awerenga nkhani  alemba maganizo awo pa nkhani yomwe awerenga Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira,zophunzirira ndi zoyesera chingwe cha mawu

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 3)

Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge mawu okhala ndi m’b ms mtw kuchokera pa chingwe cha mawu. Ntchito 32.2.1

(Mphindi 8)

Kulosera nkhani

Tsopano tilosera nkhani pogwiritsa ntchito chithunzi ndi mutu wa nkhani. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 125. Kambiranani ndi ophunzira mafunso othandiza kulosera zochitika m’nkhani. Ntchito 32.2.2

(Mphindi 12)

Kuwerenga nkhani

Tsopano tiwerenga nkhani pogwiritsa ntchito njira yodzifunsa mafunso. Ophunzira awerenge m’magulu, awiriawiri kapena mmodzimmodzi ndipo muwathandize moyenera. Ntchito 32.2.3

(Mphindi 7)

Kulemba maganizo

Uzani ophunzira kuti asankhe mpangankhani ndi kulemba zomwe zawasangalatsa kapena sizinawasangalatse zokhudza mpangankhaniyo ndi zifukwa zake. Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira angapo kuti awerenge zomwe alemba.

MUTU 32

Phunziro 3 Zizindikiro zakakozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga ndime ya nkhani  alemba lembetso Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi amawu

226

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 4)

Uzani ophunzira kuti atole makadi a mawu ndi kuwerenga. Mawuwa ndi zizwitsa, m’bawa, nkhuli, msipu, dambo ndi mwanaalirenji. Ntchito 32.3.1

(Mphindi 8)

Kuwerenga nkhani

Tsopano tiwerenga ndime ya nkhani molondola ndi mofulumira. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 125. Ophunzira awerenge ndimeyi mosadodoma, mofulumira komanso momveka bwino. Ntchito 32.3.2

(Mphindi 18)

Kulemba lembetso

Tsopano mulemba lembetso. Tsatirani ndondomeko yolembetsera lembetso. Ndime ya lembetso ndi iyi: Mudzi wa Mawoko/ udali pafupi /ndi dambo./ M’mudzimu/ mudali banja/ la a Chakhaza./ Banjali lidali /ndi ziweto./ Ziwetozo zidali /zonenepa bwino/chifukwa cha/ msipu womwe /zimadya kudamboko./ Chongani ntchito ya ophunzira. Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Kambiranani ndi ophunzira mmene akanalembera lembetsoli poona m’buku lanu pa tsamba 125. MUTU 32

Phunziro 4 Zizindikiro zakakozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga nkhani  apereka matanthauzo a mawu  alemba phindu la ulimi wa ziweto

Chiyambi

Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira, ndi zoyesera makadi amawu

(Mphindi 3)

Uzani ophunzira kuti apange mawu ndi makadi a maphatikizo awa: nkhu, zi, ng'o, mbu, mbe, nda, ndu, phi, la, ma (nkhunda, ng’ombe, mbuzi, phindu, ndalama). Ntchito 32.4.1

(Mphindi 12)

Kuwerenga nkhani

Tsopano tiwerenga nkhani pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya kalozera wa mfundo zikuluziluku. Tsekulani mabuku anu patsamba 125. Ophunzira awerenge nkhaniyi m’magulu, awiriawiri kapena mmodzommodzi Kambiranani ndi ophunzira mfundo zikuluzikulu zomwe zili m’nkhaniyi ndipo mulembe mfundozi pakalozera wa mfundo pa bolodi. Ntchito 32.4.2

Kupereka matanthauzo amawu

(Mphindi 5)

Tsopano tipereka matanthauzo a mawu. Gwiritsani ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana. Mawuwa ndi mwanaalirenji, mkuyu, msipu ndi m’bawa. 227

Ntchito 32.4.3

Kufotokoza phindu la ulimi wa ziweto

(Mphindi 11)

Tsopano mulemba phindu la ulimi wa ziweto. Tsekulani mabuku anu patsamba 128. Kambiranani ndi ophunzira chitsanzo ndi momwe achitire Ntchito A. Ophunzira atsirize kalozerayo m’makope mwawo. Yenderani ndi kuona zomwe ophunzira akulemba ndi kuthandiza moyenera. Mathero

(Mphindi 4)

Kambiranani ndi ophunzira mayankho oyenera a ntchitoyi ndipo akonze zomwe sanachite bwino.

MUTU 32

Phunziro 5 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga nkhani  ayankha mafunso Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera zithunzi za ziweto zosiyanasiyana

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira kuti atchule ziweto zosiyanasiyana ndi kufotokoza ubwino wake. Gwiritsani ntchito zithunzi kapena ziweto zomwe akuzidziwa. Ntchito 32.5.1

(Mphindi 15)

Kuwerenga nkhani

Tsopano tiwerenga nkhani pogwiritsa ntchito njira yodzifunsa mafunso. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 125. Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge mwachinunu. Ntchito 32.5.2

(Mphindi 10)

Kuyankha mafunso

Tsopano muyankha mafunso kuchokera pa nkhani yomwe mwawerenga. Tsekulani pa tsamba 127. Uzani ophunzira kuti ayankhe mafunso molemba ndipo muwathandize moyenera. Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Kambiranani ndi ophunzira mayankho a mafunso ndipo akonze zomwe analakwa.

MUTU 32

Phunziro 6 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga nkhani molondola ndi mofulumira  apereka maganizo awo pa nkhani yomwe awerenga  apeza aneni m’ziganizo Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi amawu 228

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 3)

Ophunzira awerenge mawu kuchokera pa makadi. Ntchito 32.6.1

(Mphindi 8)

Kuwerenga nkhani

Tsopano muwerenga nkhani molondola ndi mofulumira. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 125. Ophunzira awerenge m’magulu, awiriawiri kapena mmodzmodzi. Ophunzira awerenge mofulumira, mosadodoma komanso momveka bwino. Ntchito 32.6.2

Kupereka maganizo pa njira zothandizira kusamalira ziweto

(Mphindi 11)

Ophunzira afotokoze zomwe angachite pothandiza kusamalira ziweto za pakhomo pawo. Thandizani ophunzira moyenera. Ntchito 32.6.3

(Mphindi 9)

Kupeza aneni m’ziganizo

Tsopano tipeza aneni m’ziganizo. Tsekulani pa tsamba 129. Kambiranani chitsanzo ndi momwe achitire Ntchito B. Uzani ophunzira kuti alembe ntchitoyi. Yenderani ndi kuona ntchito ya ophunzira ndi kuthandiza ophunzira. Mathero

(Mphindi 4)

Tchulani aneni ndipo ophunzira apange ziganizo zomveka bwino ndi aneniwo.

MUTU 32

Phunziro 7 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga mabuku oonjezera  asonyeza ntchito yomwe achita m'sabatayi Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera mabuku oonjezera, chipangizo choyesera

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Ophunzira afotokoze zomwe adawerenga m'mabuku oonjezera omwe adabwereka. Ntchito 32.7.1

Kuwerenga mabuku oonjezera

(Mphindi 25)

Tsopano muwerenga mabuku oonjezera. Aliyense asankhe buku lomwe akufuna kuwerenga. Tsatirani ndondomeko yowerengera mabuku oonjezera.

229

Pamene ophunzira akuwerenga mabuku oonjezera, sankhani ophunzira angapo ndi kuwayesa pa zizindikiro zakakhozedwe zam'sabatayi. Kodi wophunzira:

wakhoza bwino kwambiri

wakhoza bwino

wakhoza pang'ono

ndi wofunika chithandizo

wamvetsera ndakatulo? wawerenga mawu okhala ndi mk, m’b, ms, nj? wapereka matanthauzo a mawu? walemba lembetso? wawerenga nkhani ? wayankha mafunso? walemba phindu la ulimi wa ziweto? watseka mzere kunsi kwa aneni? wawerenga mabuku oonjezera? wapereka maganizo ake pa nkhani yomwe wawerenga? wafotokoza zomwe wawerenga m'mabuku oonjezera?

Mathero

Kuwerenga mabuku oonjezera

(Mphindi 5)

Ophunzira apereke maganizo awo pa nkhani zomwe awerenga. Lolani ophunzira kuti abwereke mabuku okawerenga ku nyumba. Kumbukirani kulembera mabuku onse omwe abwerekedwa.

MUTU 32

Phunziro 8 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira abwereza ntchito yomwe sadachite bwino Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi a maphatikizo ndi mawu

Ntchito 32.8.1

Kubwereza ntchito yam'sabatayi

Sankhani ntchito yomwe ophunzira sadachite bwino m'sabatayi ndi kuibwereza.

230

(Mphindi 35)

MUTU 33 Kubwereza ndi Kuyesa

Phunziro 1

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  amvetsera nkhani ina iliyonse  ayankha mafunso  afotokoza nkhani yomwe amvetsera Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera nkhani

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Ophunzira afotokoze nkhani ina iliyonse yomwe akuidziwa.

Ntchito 33.1.1

(Mphindi 15)

Kumvetsera nkhani

Bwerezani nkhani yomwe mudaphunzitsa m’Mutu 31. Tsopano mumvetsera nkhani pogwiritsa ntchito njira yolosera nkhani kudzera m’mutu wa nkhani. Tsatirani ndondomeko yolosera nkhani kudzera m’mutu wa nkhani.

Ntchito 33.1.2

(Mphindi 10)

Kuyankha mafunso

Tsopano ndikufunsani mafunso pa nkhani yomwe mwamvetsera. Funsani mafunso okhudza zochitika m’nkhani, malo ndi nthawi.

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Ophunzira afotokoze nkhani yomwe amvetsera.

MUTU 33

Phunziro 2 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga nkhani molondola ndi mofulumira  afotokoza nkhani mwachidule  apeza matanthauzo a zilapi Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera zitsekerero

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Ophunzira apange mawu osiyanasiyana pogwiritsa ntchito zitsekerero.

231

Ntchito 33.2.1

(Mphindi 9)

Kuwerenga nkhani

Sankhani nkhani imodzi yomwe mudaphunzitsa mchigawo chino. Tsopano muwerenga nkhani pogwiritsa ntchito njira yolumikiza zomwe mukudziwa kale ndi zomwe muwerenge. Ophunzira awerenge m’magulu, awiriawiri kapena mmodzimmodzi molondola ndi mofulumira.

Ntchito 33.2.2

(Mphindi 5)

Kufotokoza nkhani mwachidule

Ophunzira angapo afotokoze mwachidule nkhani yomwe awerenga.

Ntchito 33.2.3

(Mphindi 11)

Kupeza matanthauzo a zilapi

Tsopano mupeza matanthauzo a zilapi. Ophunzira atsekule mabuku awo pa tsamba 130. Kambiranani ndi ophunzira chitsanzo ndi momwe achitire Ntchito A. Ophunzira alembe ndipo muwathandize moyenera.

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Kambiranani ndi ophunzira mayankho a ntchitoyi ndipo akonze zomwe sanachite bwino.

MUTU 33

Phunziro 3 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: alemba kalata Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera tchati la kalata

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Ophunzira atchule njira zosiyanasiyana zoperekera mauthenga.

Ntchito 33.3.1

Kukonzekera kulemba kalata

(Mphindi 7)

Kambiranani ndi ophunzira magawo a kalata monga keyala, malonje, tsiku, chiyambi, thunthu, mathero, mawu otsiriza ndi dzina.

Ntchito 33.3.2

(Mphindi 18)

Kulemba kalata

Tsopano mulemba kalata yopita kwa amalume/azakhali anu yowathokoza chifukwa cha mphatso ya makope yomwe adakupatsani poyankha mafunso otsatirawa. 1 N’chifukwa chiyani mwalemba kalatayi? 2 Kodi makope amene mwalandira muwagwiritsa ntchito bwanji? 3 Fotokozani zinthu zina zomwe mungafune. Ophunzira alembe ntchitoyi. Thandizani ophunzira moyenera. 232

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge kalata zomwe alemba.

MUTU 33

Phunziro 4 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  apeza matanthauzo a mawu  awerenga nkhani molondola ndi mofulumira  alemba zochitika m’nkhani/macheza mwachidule Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi kapena mtengo wa mawu

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 3)

Ophunzira atole makadi a mawu okhala ndi nkw, khw, kh, ph, zw, ns, nkh, mtsw ndipo awerenge mofulumira.

Ntchito 33.4.1

Kupeza matanthauzo a mawu

(Mphindi 7)

Bwerezani kukambirana ndi ophunzira matanthauzo a mawu omwe mudaphunzitsa m' Mitu 31 ndi 32 pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana.

Ntchito 33.4.2

(Mphindi 10)

Kuwerenga nkhani

Bwerezani nkhani yomwe mudaphunzitsa m’Mutu 32. Tsopano muwerenga nkhani pogwiritsa nchito njira yopanga ganizo potsatira umboni womwe uli m’nkhani ndi zomwe mukudziwa kale. Ophunzira awerenge m’magulu, awiriawiri kapena mmodzimmodzi molondola ndi mofulumira.

Ntchito 33.4.3

Kulemba zochitika m’nkhani/m’macheza

(Mphindi 10)

Tsopano tilemba mwachidule zochitika m’nkhani kapena m’macheza. Kambiranani mwachidule zochitika m’nkhani kapena m’macheza womwe mwasankha. Ophunzira alembe ndipo muwathandize moyenera.

(Mphindi 5)

Mathero Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge zomwe alemba.

233

Phunziro 5

MUTU 33 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga nkhani  apeza mawu ofanana m’matanthauzo

Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi a maphatikizo

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Ophunzira achite mpikisano opanga mawu pogwiritsa ntchito makadi amaphatikizo awa: ma, mbi, kho, khwi, lu, chi, pu, lu, nga, la, nsa, li, nkhu. Mawu ndi nsangala, mveka, nkhuli, chipululu, khwimbi.

Ntchito 33.5.1

(Mphindi 15)

Kuwerenga nkhani

Sankhani nkhani ina iliyonse yomwe mudaphunzitsa m’chigawo chachiwiri. Tsopano muwerenga nkhani pogwiritsa ntchito njira yodzifunsa mafunso. Ophunzira awerenge m’magulu, awiriawiri kapena mmodzimmodzi.

Ntchito 33.5.2

Kupeza mawu ofanana m’matanthauzo

(Mphindi 10)

Tsopano mupeza mawu ofanana m’matanthauzo. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 131. Kambiranani ndi ophunzira chitsanzo ndi momwe achitire Ntchito B. Ophunzira alembe ntchitoyi ndipo muwathandize moyenera.

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Kambiranani ndi ophunzira mayankho a ntchitoyi ndipo akonze zomwe sanachite bwino.

Phunziro 6

MUTU 33 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga macheza molondola ndi mofulumira  alemba makhalidwe a mtengambali

Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi amawu

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Ophunzira awerenge mawu omwe ali pamakadi.

234

Ntchito 33.6.1

(Mphindi 10)

Kuwerenga macheza

Sankhani macheza omwe mudaphunzitsa m’chigawo chachiwiri. Tsopano muwerenga macheza molondola komanso mofulumira. Ophunzira awerenge m’magulu mofulumira, mosadodoma komanso momveka bwino.

Ntchito 33.6.2

(Mphindi 15)

Kulemba makhalidwe a mtengambali

Ophunzira asankhe mtengambali mmodzi ndipo afotokoze za makhalidwe ake.

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Ophunzira angapo awerenge zomwe alemba.

MUTU 33

Phunziro 7 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga nkhani molondola ndi mofulumira  atsiriza ziganizo ndi mayina aunyinji Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera makadi a maphatikizo

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Ophunzira achite masewera opanga mawu pogwiritsa ntchito makadi amaphatikizo.

Ntchito 33.7.1

(Mphindi 12)

Kuwerenga nkhani

Sankhani nkhani imodzi yomwe mudaphunzitsa m’chigawo choyamba. Tsopano tiwerenga nkhani pogwiritsa ntchito njira yofotokoza nkhani mwachidule. Ophunzira awerenge m’magulu, awiriawiri kapena modzimmodzi molondola ndi mofulumira.

Ntchito 33.7.2

Kutsiriza ziganizo ndi mayina aunyinji

(Mphindi 13)

Tsopano titsiriza ziganizo ndi mayina aunyinji. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 131. Kambiranani ndi ophunzira chitsanzo ndi momwe achitire Ntchito C. Ophunzira alembe ntchitoyi ndipo muwathandize moyenera.

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Kambiranani ndi ophunzira mayankho a ntchitoyi ndipo akonze zomwe analakwa.

235

MUTU 33

Phunziro 8 Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:  awerenga mabuku oonjezera  afotokoza zomwe awerenga m’mabuku oonjezera Zina mwa zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera mabuku oonjezera

Chiyambi

(Mphindi 5)

Ophunzira afotokoze nkhani zomwe adawerenga m’mabuku oonjezera.

Ntchito 33.8.1

Kuwerenga mabuku oonjezera

(Mphindi 17)

Tsopano muwerenga mabuku oonjezera. Aliyense asankhe buku lomwe akufuna kuwerenga. Tsatirani ndondomeko yowerengera mabuku oonjezera.

Ntchito 33.8.2

(Mphindi 8)

Kufotokoza nkhani

Ophunzira angapo afotokoze zomwe awerenga m’mabuku oonjezera.

Mathero

(Mphindi 5)

Funsani mafunso okhudza za ampangankhani, malo ndi nthawi yochitikira nkhani.

236

Matanthauzo a mawu Mutu 1 chotsera

:

tsitsa

chotsera

:

tsitsa/chepetsa mtengo wogulitsira chinthu kapena zinthu

kabweremawa

:

chinthu chosalimba/chinthu chosachedwa kutha

kweza

:

dulitsa/onjezera/kulitsa mtengo wa zinthu

tchipitsa

:

gulitsa malonda pa mtengo wotsika

langiza

:

uza zoyenera kuchita/pereka uphungu

kopeka

:

tengeka mtima chifukwa cha maonekedwe kapena mawu wosangalatsa

lusa

:

chita ukali/kalipa/kwiya/ipsa mtima

nyengerera

:

uza munthu kuti achite chimene sanakonzekere kapena sanafune

kwecha

:

tsuka chiwiya monga chidebe pogwiritsa ntchito mchenga kapena phulusa

nsengwa

:

mbale yoluka ndi nsungwi yodyeramo nsima

cheyo

:

chinthu chotsukira lisero kapena dengu chopangidwa kuchokera ku chomera m’phiri

thandala

:

tsanja loyanikirapo mbale

mtolankhani

:

munthu amene amagwira ntchito yofufuza, kulemba komansokudziwitsa ena nkhani yomwe wafufuzayo.

khumba

:

funa/lakalaka/silira

mchikumbe

:

mlimi

namwino

:

munthu wa ntchito yothandiza odwala m’chipatala

mphwephwa

:

mbewu zosakhwima bwino, makamaka mtedza ndi nyemba

nankafumbwe

:

kachilombo kowononga mbewu

nkhumbwa

:

chimanga chosakhwima bwino

phaka

:

tsanja lomangidwa ndi mitengo loikapo nkhokwe kapena khola

Mutu 2

Mutu 3

Mutu 4

Mutu 6

237

Mutu 7 khansa

:

matenda wosachizika omwe amapangitsa ziwalo zam’thupi kutupa kapena kukula mosayenera ndi kuonongeka

amgonagona

:

matenda okhalitsa

thamanga

:

yenda mwaliwiro/kuchita liwiro

bzala

:

ika mbewu monga chimanga m‘nthaka kuti imere

mbande

:

mbewu yomera yomwe ili pamsinkhu wokawokeredwa

mgwere

:

ngalande yaikulu

mphepete

:

m’mbali

chinyontho

:

chinyezi

chipalamba

:

kapena anthu chifukwa malo wopanda zomera, nyama chosowa madzi

ng’amba

:

kuleka kwa mvula kwa masiku angapo

makedzana

:

kalekale

ndekesha

:

chovala cha mkazi chachifupi kwambiri

nyanda

:

mtundu wa chovala chopangidwa ndi luzi

upangiri

:

langizo labwino

phwanya

:

iswa lamulo

omba

:

kupanga nsalu ndi ulusi

kathyali

:

munthu wochita zosakhulupirika/tambwali

khalidwe

:

kukhala kwa munthu ndi anthu ena

mveka

:

dziwika ndi mbiri yabwino

:

kudya zakudya zosiyanasiyana

Mutu 8

Mutu 9

Mutu 11

Mutu 12

Mutu 13

Mutu 14 kasinthasintha

kusadumphitsa :

kuchita zinthu mwatsatanetsatane

mphwayi

:

khalidwe losafuna kuchita kanthu kapena ntchito mwina osati kaamba ka ulesi - kusalabadira

yezetsa

:

kuwunika ngati magazi ali ndi matenda kapena ayi 238

Mutu 16 bwalo

:

malo ozengerapo/oweruzirapo milandu/osewerapo

chindapusa

:

ndalama kapena chinthu chomwe munthu amalipira akapezeka wolakwa pa mlandu

mtudzu

:

mwano wopitirira

nduna

:

mkulu wothandiza mfumu pa udindo

ukadaulo

:

luso lapamwamba

zizwa

:

dabwa kwakukulu

ukachenjede

:

ukatswiri/womaliza

Mutu 17

Mutu 18 chiongoladzanja :

ndalama imene munthu amalandira akasungitsa ndalama

kondwa

:

sangalala/khala ndi chimwemwe

limbikira

:

chita khama pogwira ntchito

gombeza

:

chofunda chopangidwa ndi ubweya wanyama monga nkhosa

umphawi

:

kusauka

zyoli

:

kukhala wamanyazi kapena chisoni

chisodzera

:

munthu wa msinkhu wosafika pa chinyamata

bzala

:

undira kapena ika mbewu monga chimanga ndi chinangwa m’nthaka kuti zimere

chonde

:

nthaka yabwino

mleranthaka

:

ulimi woyala mapesi pofuna kusunga chonde

mwanaalirenji

:

kukhala ndi zinthu zonse zofunikira pa moyo wamunthu/kulemera

kachisi

:

kanyumba kopemphereramo

kwiya

:

nyanyala/ipsa mtima

pembedza

:

yankhula ndi Mulungu chamumtima kapena motulutsa mawu popempha kapena kuyamika

nsembe

:

chopereka cha anthu kwa mizimu

Mutu 19

Mutu 21

Mutu 22

239

Mutu 23 makenjuchi

:

njuchi yaikazi yotsogolera zinzake

mgwirizano

:

umodzi pogwira ntchito/ubale

khumudwa

:

dandaula/nyansidwa/ipidwa chifukwa cha chinthu choipa chimene chakuchitikira

phwayi

:

khalidwe losafuna kuchita kanthu kapena ntchito osati kaamba ka ulesi koma pa zifukwa zina

phulika

:

kumveka bwino kwa nyimbo

kuthekera

:

kukhala ndi zonse zoyenereza

kondwera

:

sangalala

pempha

:

funsa wina kuti akupatse kapena akuchitire chinthu

nyonyomala

:

khala tsonga utaponda ndi nsonga za zala za kuphazi

thyola

:

pinda chinthu mpaka kukhobok/kulekana

tayale

:

pezeka ponseponse/chuluka

zipatso

:

zobereka pamtengo monga gwafa

manga

:

njata/kwidzinga/kulitsa

thanzi

:

moyo wabwino/thupi la mphamvu (za umoyo)

chisankho

:

njira yopezera munthu oti akhale pa udindo/mpando

bata

:

chete

mtsogoleri

:

munthu amene amayang’anira gulu

tanganidwa

:

chulukidwa

khumbi

:

kanyumba kakang’ono

mphamvu

:

nkhongono

mtsiro

:

dothi lozirira m’nyumba

Mutu 24

Mutu 26

Mutu 27

Mutu 28

Mutu 29

240

Mutu 31 zifuyo

:

ziweto

khwimbi

:

unyinji/kuchuluka kwa zinthu zamoyo

zidebe

:

zipangizo zotungira madzi kapena kunyamulira zinthu

msipu

:

udzu wobiriwira ndi wofewa omwe ziweto zimakonda kudya

m’bawa

:

mtengo wolimba womwe amacheka matabwa, umabala zipatso zonga matowo

mkuyu

:

mtengo wa maonekedwe achikasu kapena oyerera womwe umapezeka m’mbali mwa mtsinje, zipatso zake zimakhala ndi nyerere mkati

Mutu 32

241

Mabuku Centre for Language Studies (2000), Mtanthauziramawu wa Chinyanja. Blantyre: Dzuka Publishing Company Chichewa Board (1990). Chichewa Orthography Rules. Zomba: Chichewa Board. Fountas & Pinell (2006). Fountas, I. C., & Pinnell, G. S. (1996). Guided reading: Good first teaching for all children. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann. Levy, E (2007). Gradual release of responsibility: I do, we do, you do. Retrieved from http://www.sjboces.org/doc/Gifted/GradualReleaseResponsibilityJan08.pdf Malawi Institute of Education (1996). TDU Students’ Handbook 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. Domasi: Malawi Institute of Education Malawi Institute of Education (1996). TDU Students’ Handbook 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. Domasi: Malawi Institute of Education Malawi Institute of Education (2004). Silabasi yophunzitsira kuwerenga, kulemba ndi chiyankhuloChichewa m’Sitandade 3. Domasi: Malawi Institute of Education. Malawi Institute of Education (2013). Chichewa Buku la Ophunzira la Sitandade 3. Domasi: Malawi Institute of Education Malawi Institute of Education (2013). Chichewa Buku la Mphunzitsi m’Sitandade 3. Domasi: Malawi Institute of Education. Ministry of Education, Science, and Technology. (2014). Malawi National Reading Strategy 20142019. Moore, P & Lyon, A (2005). New Essentials for Teaching Reading in Pre-K-2: Comprehension, Vocabulary, fluency. Scholastic: New York. National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) [US]. (2000). Report of the National Reading Panel. Teaching children to read: An evidence-based assessment of the scientific research literature on reading and its implications for reading instruction: Reports of the subgroups (NIH Publication No. 00-4754). Washington, DC: NICHD. https://www.nichd.nih.gov/publications/pubs/nrp/Pages/smallbook.aspx Ngoma, S & Chauma, A (2014). Tizame m’Chichewa Malamulo Ophunzitsira ndi Kuphunzirira Chichewa. Blantyre: Bookland International. Steven P, (2016) Oxford Chichewa Dictionary, 5th Edition. Cape Town: Oxford University Press Vacca JL et al. (2003). Reading and Learning to Read, 5th Edition. Boston: Pearson Education Inc. Vacca JL & Vacca RT (2005). Content Area Reading; Literacy and Learning Across the Curriculum, 8th Edition. Boston: Pearson Education Inc.

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