Bencʼnon. Tamar nyav maxsap. 7 kipil

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BENC’NON Tamar nyav maxsap 7 kipil

Yeshasend: Tekle Gizaw Mender Nigusse

Pikasuc:

Melkamu Meshesha

Gatsnend: Izabela Karpienia Abebe Yirgashewa

Kompiteram pikasuc: Belexe Belachow Agegnew Worku

Maxsapa hac mapti Benc’ mazhi zonaga ert mamariama SIL Ethiopia Benc’ mazhi zonaga projekt dabub kililaga ert biroa hasa gizio. መብቱ በደቡብ ክልል ትምህርት ቢሮ የቤንች ማጂ ዞን ትምህርት መምሪያ እና በኤስ.አይ.ኤል ኢትዮጵያ ቤንች ማጂ ፕሮጀክት የተጠበቀ ነው፡፡

Can

Gah ap kes

Gah ap kes

vyard----------------------------------------------------I Yirc 1 Dyad nac ---------------------------------------------------------- 1 Yirc 2 Xisham nyav yent-------------------------------------------------16 Yirc 3 Ech ay bi edis-----------------------------------------------------33 Yirc 4 Ersatangi yiskend atsnd------------------------------------------49 Yirc 5 sovaga gaxs------------------------------------------------------60 Yirc 6 Atsa bana dyam--------------------------------------------------70 Yirc 7 Xhat tayv---------------------------------------------------------79 Yirc 8 Nasnda Habte Giyorgis Dinegide---------------------------------95 Yirc 9 Gyars pugnd-----------------------------------------------------112 Yirc 10 Qal gixim--------------------------------------------------------133

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Vyard Maxsapa haci napm kipileshn Benc’nonam tamarni yiskend tamar nyavndeshn bá non gaham ibaram nababeshna xsapi itsayqni haknsueshn kasi haysi sisama hayxama dosasangi yiskuc bá gah gaxsis haknsueshn tatsi yeshnuc timirtaga higa dambanuc maxa gizio. Maxsapi gapaga yitsis, dosndis kasi higa damba baqnsi yiskuc bodam yeshnuca gizio.Tamar nyavndi bana era yiskuc gahn dontnsi qay dyad itsayqni qayxsi haknsueshna xsapa nababa ertis irsnsueshn tatsi xsapuca gizio.

Maxsapaga gobm yeshnend tohndi yircam qodenda yi ̋ max max yircn od nababi yiskende.Endeqn nabab gobm mxi haysi sistnsuc ert debm noti yiskuca gizio.Dumar nababmndi yirc tatsnda tohndam yeshni od ert bodam bá non gaham itsayqni hayxnsueshna, haysi sisnsueshna, nababmsueshna, xsapmsueshna tatsi yeshnuca gizio.

Yi ̋ odi ert bodam gahaga higa xsapaga erta irsnsueshn hatsi yiskend dosndam yeshnenda yircn yisti yircn bá darazh baqu bodam bá ertis irsnsueshn yeshnenda gizio.Yi petueshn tamar nyavndi dosndis ibaram qayxsi bá ket-atsnda bani oshtni qayxsnsuci koysti yiskue.

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Yirc 1 Dyad nac

Can1 ab 1 ert

Qal ert Xama becka Xam: xam max qal gobqan yiskend pidalndi maxn ati qal dyad yiskuc boda gizio. beck: beck maki qala maxis qodi boknsi nababasni yiskuc boda gizio. Qayxs1 Hac dungam yiskend qalatndis beckia, xamia nababmde. Amts:- kucham ‎→ ku - cham Xam

Beck

beshargueshna tostueshna badamuc yiskueshna gaxsasue

Nabab Nabab aparqnuc oxh Qayxs 2

Budinam budinam atnsi gyav wosasaman tosti yistan yi ̋ debm gahnde. Uc geshn yintayn ersasagucn hayxnde. Tarik nabab

Qayxs 3 Hac dungam gyav maki yiskuc nababis yintayqn katsis sisarguc yisti yintayqn qerqshn nababmde.

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Gyavi inhaga zar dentkan maxa gizio.Gyav yisind bá badam badamuc gaxs utsi yiskue. Gyavi gaxs utsi yiskuci bá hayama bá apama gizio. Gyavaga haya apa uceshna gizi yapeshna gaxsi yiskue. Ucagisn gyavi nam bodam qodi yiskue.Yi ̋ qoda endi yisind atsi bá kucham tokuc gyava shav gyava masti namam qodi yiskue. Ats kucham tostuc gyav maki hareo? Ats kucham tostuc gyave ni makan atsi gyav ap boki shidan gyav shignsi eti doda maxn toki,gocki shidan baqi irsuc gyava gizio. Atsi bá kucham tokuc gyava gizio. Gyava uc yisind: zirn shidan gyava tok ert ket besn tostuc gya-

Shav gyavi hareo?

va zara gizio. Gyava uci bá zirn bog tostangi gaxs utsi yiskuc gyave. Gyava ats kucham tostuc gyavi soysi ap utsi yiskue.Yi ̋ nabi bá zirn bana tostueshna gucka bana yiskueshn gizio. Gyava uci p’adaga berg yistn haki yiskue. Yi ̋ nab yisind inchi yi ̋ debm beshargueshna bá ziram bana tostueshna gal shidan narsis soysa bana gaxsasna yiskueshna gizio. Atsi bá kucham tokuc gyavi p’adaga bergis gaxsi utsi yiskue. Amtseshn: Gyavi hayban karsi yi ̋ kutskan atsi toki yiskueshn p’adaga bergis gaxs utsni yiskue. Kasi atsi dyant oc shidan toxhis yi ̋qan bokn soysi gaxs uts yiskue.

Shav gyavi atsi kucham tostarguc shidan shavqan poqi yi ̋qan ap uxi yiskuc gyava gizio.

Gyav uc yisind erasi yi ̋ gocargu shidan baqaragu yistn poquc gyav gizio.Shavqan p’oquc gyavi shoyta mv eta bokn shidan xhorn p’oquc gyava gizio.Gyava uc yisind:abam abam gaxs utsni hakargue. Shava gyav shoytam p’oquc gyav ni makn shoyta ats kucham tostuc shidan shavqan p’oquc gyavis mv eta bokn shidan xhorn p’oquc gyava gizio. Gyav ucaga p’oqi max kuts shidan shavqan bá badam badamuc kutsn p’oquc gyav gizio. Gyav uci soy ap utsargu gyava gizio. Yi ̋ nabi shavqan bana yiskueshna gocargu inchi yi ̋ debm beshi yiskueshn apis soy uxargue. Gyav uc yisind bab etqu yi ̋ noti shidan gocki yiskue kaygue.

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Yi ̋ wurn, gyav bá apam atsn gaxs utsi yiskuc inchaga zara gizio. Gyav bá zirn tosta gocka inch bá debm dosta narsis soy mak bana yapan apis soysi uxi yiskueshn atsi gyavis soy maki baqnsue koysti yiskue. Atsi gyav apam bana gaxsasn bana makni gyavis pikasi uxnsue koysti yiskue. Pikasi gyavis uxuci soyaga gizis yapmnsue.Gyav api myat gaxs utsi yiskueshn gyavis xisham baqi yi ̋am ni gaxsasue koysti yiskueshn gyavis soysi baqi yi ̋am gaxsis ni yapnsue koysti yiskue. Uc yi ̋ petueshn woreda ukar xsap keta qabali ukarndi

xsap keta atsnda bana maxn atangi gyavis soyam uxaga debm gahi bom eti wunsue koysti yiskue.

Nabab geshnuc oxh Qayxs 4 Hac dungam oxha hac kamam Gyav maki yiskuc nababqan yisti keskendis karsnde. 1.Gyavi amam bá qodi yisteo? 2.Gyav gaxsi hare? 3.Shav gyavi hareo?

4.Shavi kayguc shidan gyavi iqni haknge? Yi ̋ debm gahnde.

Can1 ab 2 ert: Qal porsh Qayxs 5 Hac dungam yiskend qal porshis xsapmde. 1.Zirn 2.Shav 3.P’oq 4.goc

xsap

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tarik xsap Qayxs 6 Hac dungam saxinqan yiskuc shotnoti yiskuc xsapis yintayqni nabamuc geshnmax paragirap xsapmde. Shoyt yisn yiskuc

shoyt

Shoyt gebi yiskuc

Shoyti mvi yiskuc

Xsapaga hig Gah maltnd: 1. Pidal ez:- Pidala ezi y’on gahis ni gadagucn yigadmuc pidali ezam xsapmsue. - Pidala ezi ats suma, ded sum, timirt zartoha, dumarnd ni xsapagucn yigadnuci pidala ezam xsapmdue. Ats:- Marta

2. Wur yic malat (.): Wur yic malati maxaga x’on gahi xsapi wuruc geshn yitsi yiskuc malata gizio. Ats:- Nama sovucken.

3. Axh malat (?): Maxaga gahis ni axhu geshn yi wurn yitsi yiskuc malata gizio. Ats:- Ni sumione? 4. Nac malat (!): Nac malati maxaga gahis baxhi, shorshi, nihayxu geshn yi wurnyiti yiskuc. Ats:- Woro shid!

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Can1 ab 3 ert:

Ibaram nabab Nabab aparqnuc oxh Qayxs 7

1.Ibaram nabab maki haran yintayqn nalnda yenta yi ̋ debm gahnde. 2.Bitni ni xsapis nababmargueshn nab ati yiskuci hareo?

Nabab Qayxs 8 Yintayqn katsis konq maknsi gah malutndis ibaram gaxsasni nababmde. 1.Hac kamam nababa gyav maki yiskucis yintayqn ersasaguci nababma

gucn pikasi haysi sisnde.

2.Uc geshn yintayqn katsis konq maknsi nababmde.

Sisnsuc tarik Sisnsuc tarik aparqnuc oxh Qayxs 9

Sova zalmi masta yiskena Benc’ worada harqanan yistan hayxnde? Sisnsuc tarik nabab

Qayxs 10 Yintayqni ersasaguci nababmi yiskucis pikasi haysi sisnde. Sisnsuc tarik geshnuc oxh

Qayxs 11 Hac kamam sisnsuc tarika “Zalmi sov sah” maki yiskuc yintayqn ersasauckan yist keskend hac dungam yiskuc oxhis karsnde. 1.Sova zalma harqanan yista? 2.Sova zalma coram haragi yisteo? 3.Sova zalmi sahi haygn yisti wortni yisi yiskuci amtsam am bal metir atni haknseo? 4.Sova zalmai atseshn har gaxsan utsi yisteo? 5.Sova zalmai gyara apm har gaxsan utsnsue masti tatsi yisteo?

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Gah hig Gah dyamasagend Gah dyamasagend masti yiskendi x’on gah namis maxn dyamasi yiskenda gizio. Amts : Nama nansa shidan icha micha gabm hamsende. Gah dyamasaguc: shidan 1.Kyana ezubaya bukna

2.Muz shidan abokadi gota eta ta wunsue.

Can 2: 4nuc ab ert : Dyad nac Nabab kuc shav Nabab aparqnuc oxh Qayxs 1 Shavi hareo? yintayqni eri yiskucis yintayqn nalndeshn hayxnde. Tarikis nabab

“Kuc shav” maki yiskuc nababis yintayqni nababmaguc aparqn sivilis soysi noti beqnsi hareshn hayxi yistan yintayqni erucis hayxnde.

Kuc shav Shav masti yiskuci bá badam badamend ich zarndam x’onqangi yiskuca gizio. Shavi namam qodangi yiskue. Endisnd: bá bar poqi yiskend incha ats kucham tosti atend incha masti qodi yiskende. Ucagisn shavi bá badam

badamuc gaxs utsi yiskue. Gaxsa ucisnd: nars baqeshna, Turizimeshna, xsoxnd baqeshna, ket qixs qayxseshna, buyx baqeshna, act qayxseshna

gizio.Kuc shavi yi ̋qan yabsti yiskuci Dabub kilil Benc’ Mazhi zonqan shey

benc’ woradaqan yabsti yiskue.Ucagisn Dabub kililn 775K/M, Benc’ Mazhi zonqan 56K/M,

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Shey benc’ wradqan 5K/M yabsti yiskue.Shava uci dod debm yi ̋ p’adi

2300mm petan yi ̋ aki 304 hektara gizio.Yi ̋ coram yiskend qabali Dabubn shapa, semenn gaya-shema, obarinap kesn shey benc’, obarinap vyardn semen Benc’a worada gizio.

Nars masti yiskuci wola obara,oksizhina, karbndayoksayda dumarnda bá gobqan uxnsi yiskuca gizio.Ucagisn shavi nars baqi yiskue. Nars yi baqi

yiskuci woli bá abam abam buknsueshna,obari bá ababm abam wobtnsueshna atsa nyavi oksizhin yapmnsueshna dumarnda gaxs utsi yiskue.Shavi kaygu shidasan koystarguc obar qexsi ats nyavndis godnsue.Ucagisn shavis doga baysargu yista soysa baqa yi ̋am soyaga narsis yaka no gaxsasnsuci koysti yiskue.

Turizim masti yiskuci ats nyavi ba beqarguc gahis wobti wuci beqi yiskuc maka gizio.Shavi Turizimeshn gaxs utsi yiskue.Turizimeshn gaxs utsi yi yiskuci giz yabsteshna, gapa uci dumarnd dodqan erstnsueshna gizio.Tur-

izim beqni shidan wucni yevendi gapa ucis nacki yisti beqnsende.Ucagisn no gapkan yiakend shavndis doga baysargu yista Turizim gaxseshn hatsa yi ̋am no gaxsasnsuci koysti yiskue. Xsoxnd masti yiskendi ats nyava bana yistargend budn shavqan aqi yiskend maka gizio.Shavi xsoxndi bavnsarueshn baqi yiskue.Shavqan yistagend xsoxndi balakaya, panxsa, dodba, bobta, zoq shoyta, bud harkend shoyta, akubaya, dawua dumarnda yi ̋ gobqan haqi yiskende.Xsoxnda endi bavar-

gu bana yistan giz yabsteshna mveshna gaxs utsi yiskende. Uagisn xsoxndi shavqan qai geban bá badam badam gaxs utsi yiskendagisn shavis baysargu yista itsayqnam no gaxsasnsuci koysti yiskue. Ket qixs masti yiskendi atsi ket gobqan yisn gaxsasni yiskend shidan atsn gaxs utsi yiskenda gizio. Ket qixsa endisnd: canqa,gabila, go-inca, xarap’eza, saxina dumarnda gizio.Shavi ket qixsnd qayxseshn gaxs utsi yiskue.Ket qixsndeshn gaxsagend shavi shidan inch zarndi yiskende.Inch

zara endi : giqua, wox’a, wora, ocka, satua, dumarnda gizio. Ucagisn shavi

dosti bavi wuraman qixsnda endis no yapmsueshn irata gizio.Uceshn shavis noeshn maknsa soysa no baqnsuci koysti yiskue.

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Shavi bá bada badamuc gaxs utsi yiskue. Gaxsa endis hac kamam hayxasnend egam dumarndi geba gizio.Amtseshn doda goli cobaram bá maski

hamsargueshn nagi yiskue. Kasi ats nyav pugagend pugeshn acti yi ̋am qa-

yxsi yiskue.Ucagisn sha gaxsis wogasa ernsa no baqnsuci koysti yiskue.Shai kaygu petan katsi kayguc petucis ernsa nona gaxsasna dostend inch qodn dumars no toknsuc petucis no ernsuci koysti yiskue.

Nabab geshnuc oxh Qayxs 3 Hac dungam estend oxhndis yintayqni nababuc tarik bodam karsnde. 1.Svavi amam qodangi yisteo? 2.Nars masti yiskuci haran bá gobqan uxnsi yisteo? 3.Xsoxnd masti yiskendi hareo? 4.Inch zar masti yiskendis od xsapmde. 5.Shav gaxsis uc’ uc’ xsapmde.

Qayxs 4 “Kuc shav” maki yiskuc tarik ap gahis uyntsi max paragirap hatsi xsapmde. Can 2: 5nuc ab ert Qal ert “A” tovqan estend qalndeshn “B” tovqan estenda pashi harkni yiskendis ingasnde. “A” 1.buyx 2.nars 3.coram 4.ket qixs 5.xsoxnd

“B” A.oksizhina, karbondayoksayd B.dodba, ger, panxs C.go-inch, saxin D.shisham E.dod

Xsap Tarikis xsap Anqaxs xsap 1nuc can 2nuc abm yintayqni yeshasuc sanxarazh gaxsasni “Shoytaga yixa geba” maki yiskucis nam paragirap xsapmde.

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Xsapaga hig

Qayxs 6 Yintarqn ersasagendi nababmi yiskuc x’on gahndis pidalis byatargu yisti ibaram xsapmde. Can 2: 6nuc ab ert

Ibaram nabab Kuc shav Nabab aparqnuc Yizamuc nabab tohi haredhn hayxi yisteo?.

Nabab Qayxs 7 Hayx Gapmndis nacki hayx Yintayqi xsapuc tarikis yintayqn malndeshn hayxnde. Yintayqn nalndi sisknsi ba tatsis hayxnmake. Gapmndis nacki hayx Hacam hak yintayqni beqi nacki yiskend gapmnd debm gahnsi yintayqn nalndeshn hayxnde.

Gah hig X’on gah dyamasagend

Qayxs 8 X’on gah dyamasagend galndis gaxsasni x’on gah qayxsnde. 1.- a 2.yipetan 3.ucagisn 4.shidan

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Can 3: 7nuc ab ert Dyad nac dyad tun baq Qal ert Becka xama Qayxs 1 Becki nabab 1.

Qay-xs-e-sh-na

2.

Gi-xs-e-sh-na

3.

Dy-ad

4.

Ba-da-muc

5.

Its-ay-qn-d-e-shn

6.

Yapm-se-n-de

Nabab Nabab aparqnuc oxh Qayxs 2 Hac dugam yiskend oxhndis qalam karsnde. 1.“Dyad tun baq” hareo? 2.Sivila yintayqn noti bequcn har tatsan yakadeo? Tarik nabab Nabab aparqnuc oxh

Qayxs 3 1.“Dyad tun baq” maki yiskuc nababis yintayqn katsis sisargu yisti nababmi nababqan ap gahis yintayqn dabtarn xsapmnde.

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dyad tun baq Dyad tun baq Dyad tun masti yiskuci ats nyavi qayxsargu yistn bá bar dyastend shidan Yeri dyadend maka gizio.Dyad tuni nam bodam qodi yiskue. Qoda endisind :maxnuci bavang karti yabsti yiskend petan namnasnuci bavang karti yabstargend masti qodi yiskende.Dyad tuni shidan qixsndi ats nyavndi dodqan yitsi kesi gaxsasni yiskenda gizio. Bavangi karti yabsti yiskend dyad tun Bavangi karti yabsti yiskend dyad tun masti yiskendi ats nyavi itsayqnis gaxsasnuc geshn karti bá kutsn bá zaris karti yabsti yiskend maka gizio. Amtseshn bavangi karti yabsti yiskendi shava xsoxnda sova narsa dumarnda gizio.Shavi bavang shidan dostamaban yi ̋ qodn ats nyavi toki shidan

yi ̋ ap boki karsi yapmnsende.Kasi xsoxndis ats nyavi woxi mveshn shidan

giz yapeshn gaxsasni haknsende.Uc geshn xsoxnda endi hayquc qodn covi bá zar gebasnsende.Ucagisn shava xsoxnda bavangi karti bá zaris yabsti yiskend dyad tun masti yiskende. Bavangi karti yabsti yiskend dyad tuni bá badam badamuc gaxs utsi yiskende.Amtseshn shavi shidan inchi dostaban bá badam badamuc gaxs utsi yiskende.Shav shidan inchi gaxs utsi yiskuci sokeshna ket gixseshna ket qixsnd qayxseshna nars baqeshna xsoxnd baqeshna dumarnda gizio.Kasi narsa sova bavangi karti yabsti yiskend dyadnd tuna gizio.Narsa sova soysi ats nyavndeshn koysti yiskenda gizio.Ucagisn narsa sova soysa no baqnsuci koysti yiskue.Narsa sova soysa no baqnsuc bodi shav toka koranti perta sovis perta koch bokis sovqan hazargu shidan shavis toka dumarnda gizio. Bavangi karti yabsti erargend dyad tun Bavangi karti yabsti erargendi dod gobqan yisti keski yiskend qixsnda gizio. Bavangi karti yabsti erargend dyad tuni katsi itsaqneshn kaygenda gizio.

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Bavangi karti yabsti erargendi max karta dod gobqan yista bana keskaman dumars bá zar bá kutsn toki shidan covi erargende.Bavang karti yabsti erargend qixsndi ansa zayta mertnda gasa dumarnda gizio.Bavangi karti yabsti erargendi maxaga ats berg egam yistni haknsende.Itsayqni wum berg yixni haknsende.Ats nyavndi itsayqnam gaxsasni yiskende.Itsayqni ats nyaveshn gaxs utsi yiskuci cac’eshna mveshna maveshna pestal qayxseshna dumarndeshna gizio. Bavangi karti yabsti erargend dyad tuni ket gixseshn gaxsi yiskende.Keti gixsi yiskuci inchama miniralama gizio.Miniral masti yiskuci dod gobqan yisti yishni keski yiskuc maka gizio.Miniral masti yiskendi amtseshn xura siminta dumarnda gizio. Kasi mavi qayxsi yiskuci wutame.Wuti inch zara gizio.Ucagisn dyad tuni ats nyavndeshn soysi gaxs utsi yiskende.

Hac kamam xsapend bavangi karti yabsti yiskenda karti yabsti erargend dyad tunis soysa no baqnsuci koysti yiskue.No baqnsuc bodind sovis perta gaxsasna sov maqis baqa nars itis baqa xsoxndi bavnsargueshn kuts yeshasa shidan shav toka koranti perta gaxsasna dumarnd xhobt tun gaxsasna gizio.Ucagisn ats nyavndi bá kangi yisti itsayqn gaxsis soysi ernsi xisham baqnsuci koysti yiskue.

Nabab geshnuc oxh Qayxs 4 Hav kamam nabab yintayqni nababmuckan yisti keskuc oxhis karsnde. 1.Dyad tuni am bodam qodi yisteo? hara hareo? 2.Bavangi yapsti yiskend dyad tun ni makn har makeo? 3.Bavangi yapsti yiskend dyad tuni har hareo? 4.Bavangi yapsti erargend dyad tun ni makn har makeo? 5.Bavangi yapsti erargend dyad tuni har hareo? 6.Bavangi yapsti erargend dyad tuni har hareo?

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Can 3: 8nuc ab ert Qal porsh Qalndesha x’onargu gaheshna porsh uts Qayxs 5 Hac dugam “A” tovn yeshnd qaleshn harkn yiskend porshis “B” tovnda pashi ingasnde. “A”

“B”

1. Dyad tun

A. ans

2. Bavangi yabsti yiskend

B. pert

3. Baq

C. sova xsoxa atsa

4. Bavangi yabstargend

D. dyastend

5. Dod gobqan yisti keskuc

Xsap Paragirap xsap

Hayx bodam pargirap xsap • Cana maxn aba nam cana namn aba uc’n xsapuc nababis karsi woshnde. Xsap hig

Qayxs 7 Ersasagendi nababmi yiskuc x’on gaha pidala malatnda daqnargua dirsargua yisti ibaram xsapmnde.

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Can 3: 9nuc ab ert Ibaram nabab Dyad nac Aparqn nabab Qayxs 8 Dyad nac maki haragisn yintayqn tatsi yiskucis hayxnde.Wo tamar nyavndo! yintayqn nala maxi nababmi dumarndi haysi siski hac dungam yiskuc sanxarzhqan“ ”᷄ yintayqn barqn wucasnde. hayx

Qalndis petargu bodam wosh Nababmn- 1 -2 hak suc sum qal ibar nababsnarguc kobc

2 -3 hak qal ibar nababsnarguc dentnuc

Qala 4 kam ibar nababsnarguc

baysargu

soy

zolas

Hayx Mixasnagi yiskuc gah Qayxs 9 Dyad naci hareshnan gaxs utsi yistan dos xsap ket oxhi kipilqan yeshasnde. Gah hig Maynt x’on gah qayxs

Qayxs 10 Hac dugam gah dyamasagendam gaxsasni nam nam peti yeshnd kay x’on gahndis myant x’on gah hatsnde.

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Ucagon yi petan

Gah dentkan

Uceshn

Ucagisn

1.Buyxeshn katsi kaygue. Buyxi kats xhimnsi yiskue. 2.Belin nyaxsqan mva Belina akum ketn hammaka. 3.Tamarni gaxsi yiskue. Tamarni itesargue. 4.Ketnina bá dabtar yeshasa. Ketnina ert ketn hanqa. 5.Belin ketnin giras muz gotnde. 6.Ketnina soy mak nababmen. Ketnina wucn egam atargen.

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Can 1: 1 ab 1ert

Yirc 2 Xisham nyav yent

Xisham nyav yent porsh Qal ert Beck Qayxs 1 Hac dungam estend amts bodam dumarndis qayxsnde. Amts: dod iqeshn

Xsoxsasergende

xsoxs – a –se - r – ge – n- de

1.

gebmsueshn

______________________

2.

yesnsargueshn

______________________

3.

yistnsueshn

______________________

4.

hatsnsargue

______________________

5.

yesnsueshn

______________________

Xisham yent porsh Nabab Nabab aparqnuc oxh Qayxs 2 Nababis yintayqn nababargu aparqn bá badam badam nabab aparqnuc oxhndis qalndam shidan nonam karsnde. 1. Wo tamar nyavndo! xisham yent maki hareo? 2. Nababeshn yeshuc siviln haran yintayqn erasn hayxnde. Nabab Qayxs

Xisham yent maki yiskuc nababa yeshucis yintayqn katsis sisargu yisti tatsam nababmnde.

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Xisham nyav yent Xisham nyav yent maki hareo? Xisham nyav yent maki nyavi doysn doysn shidan nekn yesnsargueshn nabe maka gizio.Xisham yent maki ket atsndi shidan baba bayai oshtnagi nyavis yesi shidan yeli yiskuc maka gizio.Oshtnangi yent maki nyava maxi yeska-

man yi ̋ geshn doysn shidan nekn yesargu shidan yelargu yisti nayva arcuci bá qer hakaman yi ̋ geshn bana yelnsueshn besa mashta gahi yent maka

gizio.Xisham yent maki ba musnsuca ba ucnsuca ba maysnsuca yeshasangi yent maka gizio. Xisham yenti giris baysnsue shidan nabmnsue.Nyavis xisham yent maki giz debm irat eti wunsargue.Xisham nyav yesuci shidan yelena itsayqn gizi paknargu yistn xisham bá nyavis qami haknsende.Nyavi xisham bana ye-

sargu shidan giz debm irat atsnsende.Ucisnd geb bana yesku geshn wodam wodam purstni haknsende.Itayqni purstagucn akum ketn hamsende.Akum ketn hanqi codaga gizi kesnsue.Kasi xishnasargu yisti yeskend nyavndis ert ketn titsi giz debm irat hatsnsue.Ucagisn xishnasargend nyav yenti giris

eti wunsende.Wucagisn nyavis xisham yesa shidan yela giris baysa shidan naga no nyavis ert-ketn titsa akumasa soysa musa soysa uca soysa maysa no qamsuci koysti yiskue. Xisham yenti baya nyav yanxs woxa nabnsue shidan baysnsue.Bayaga woxis yi nabmsuci bay nekn yelargu yista xisham yelan wu bergi p’ad yisnsue.Kasi ba yesnsuc shidan yelnsuc ab utsi itsayqni yiskueshn bay

bergi p’adni haknsue.Yi ̋ nabi nekn yelargu yista ab bá bar utsa yela bana yiskueshn iratsis hatsnsargue.Kasi ba yelnsargueshn xena eksteshina bana dyama yiskueshn irat hatsnsargue.Nyav yanxs debm woxis yi hatsnsarguci nyavi xishm bana yeska yiskueshn mvama ucama mavama akum yapama godargu ba petueshn haybmi haksargue.Ucagi baya nyav yanxsa xishasi yenti woxis baysni shidan nabmi haki yiskue.

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Berg x’onargu yistn bes shidan masht vyard maka gizio.Nyavi itsayqn ber-

gi vyardeshn atargu yistn vyardi yiskendi berg x’onargu yistn vyarda maka gizio.Ucisind no doda Top’iqan vyardeshn atsasende masti yiskuci tama

nyartna berg yi x’onna gizio.Ucagisn tama nyartna berg dungam yisti vyarsi shidan vyarda yiskuci bergi x’onargu yistn vyard masti yiskue.Berg x’onargu yistn bes vyardi koystarguc nyav gebi gir eti wunsue.Kasi yisi koystargue nyava cilqanuc wox shidan karxseshn hatsnsue.Dumarsi bá berg etkuc vyardi nyavi nekn yesnsueshn hatsnsue.Ucagisn bá berg etkuc

vyardi eti yevi yiskuc iratis ernsa soysa no gapis shidan no dodis no baqnsuci koysti yiskue. Mayna vyana xsoxsasergende maki yiskucis nab.Mayna vyana xsoxsisargende maki yiskuci maxnasi ba beshe maknsi gid qayxsni haknsue.Amtseshn vyani ba beshe maknsi mayna koyargu shidan cunargu yistn nyavi yese makni haknsue.Ucam goqn koystargu

nyav gebi yeski itsayqn ket gobm irat hatsnsue.Ucagisn mayna vyana xsoxs

hal no doda Top’i higi maki yiskue.Ucagisn mayna vyana shidan besa mashta oshtnangi nyav yelnsuci koysti yiskue. Yi ̋wurn xisham nyav yenti dodeshna ket atsndeshn soya gizio.Xisham nyav yenti dod iqeshna ats nyavi digam yistnsueshn gaxsi yiskue.Atsi nyavis xisham yesargu shidan yelargu petan gira woxa gebmnsue.Xisham yeskend nyavi bá eshna dodeshn soysi iqi gaxs utsnsende.Ucagisn no atsi bá kangi yisti xisham nyav yent ernsi yi ̋am gaxsasnsuci koysti yiskue.

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Nabab geshnuc oxh

Qayxs 3 Hac kamam nababqan yisti keskuc oxhndis karsnde. 1.

Xisham nyav yent maki hareo?

2.

Xisham nyav yenti hareshnan koysti yisteo?

3.

Xisham yenti har nabmnsue?

4.

Bergi x’onargu yistn bes vyardi har hatsnsue?

5.

Tama nyartna berg dungam yisti bes vyarsi yenti har masti yisteo?

Can 1 aba 2nuc ert Qalnd Qalnda x’onargu gaheshn porsh uts.

Qayxs 4

Bá badam badamend qalnda hac dungam xsapndis estuc amts bodam yi ̋ porshis xsapmnde. Amts: Bergi x’onargu yistn vyard : Nyavnd bergi x’onargu yistn bes shidan masht yars. 1. Oshtnangi yent (Paragirap -1) 2. Karxseshn (Paragirap –4) 3. Gebmnsue (Paragirap -4, 5,6)

Xsap Paragirap xsap Nabab gobqan ap gah kesi yeshas Qayxs 5 “ Xisham yent porsh ” maki yiskuc nababis maxn sanxarzhn x’onc’nde.

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Xsap hig Malatnd gaxs

1. “ “ Yi ̋ tuni atsas peti yiskuc bad atsaguc malat : masti yiskuci gah noni xsapagucn yi tuni atsas petuc gahis yiam no badasaguce. Amts: Kosteti “Tá kuchkan haci hareo?” maki nas oxhu. 2. (,) Koma masti yiskuci mayt hayxasnend gandis no badasnsueshn hatsi yiskue.Kasi benc’non gahqan (a) koma qodn ata gaxs utsa yiskene. Amts: Kuts besagend masti yiskendi : hac, uc, end, doc, hand, en, han, yinka hac ...maki yiskenda gizio. 3. (:) Bod bes malat masti yiskuci hayxasnagend gahndi apm shiduc petuc nim hayxi yisku malata gizio. Amts:Atsi ta deknuci : ta kay ta petueshna gizi ta kuchkan yiskueshna gizio.

Can1 aba 3nuc ert Xisham yent porsh Ibaram nabab Nabab aparqnuc oxh Qayxs 6 Wo tamar nyavndo! xisham yent maki hareo?

Nabab Qayxs 7 “Xisham yent” maki yiskucaga nababis geshn kartis paragirapa maxnucis yintayqn katsis sisargu yisti nam deqiqa nababmnde.Uc geshn amaga qalndn yintayqn nababmnsan pyadi yintayqn ersasagucn hayxnde. Haysi sis Sisnsuc nabab yent Nabab aparqnuc oxh Hac dungam estend oxhndis karsnde. “Yent hareo?” Haysi sis “Yent” maki yiskuc ap gah nababis yintayqn ersasagendi nababmi tatsi haysi sisnde.

Haysi sis ert Qayxs 8

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7 kipil

Hac dungam estend oxhndis nababa nababsnuc bodam karsnde. 1.

“Yent” maki yiskuc nababa yintayqn siskuc ap gahis hayxnde.

2.

Nyava yanxsi soyam bana gamtsan har gaxs utsnseo?

3.

Doda hac tohn ezaga irat ati besti yiskuc har hareo?

Gah hig Kuts bes Xsapmnd: kuts besi maxaga x’on gah dyamasi yiskuca gizio.Kuts besa endisind: shidan ,Uceshn ,yi petasn,uc geshn ,petueshn …. Dumarnda (D.M.D) gizio. Amtseshn :

Belina gabm hamtsen. Belina ert ketn hamtsen.

Xam: Belina gabmage shidan ert ketnan hamtsao? 1.

Kouzhui gyarn bá qayxs wursu.

Kouzhui purqn hanqu. 2 .Ketnina bá nalnda bana cuna yisken. Ketnina soy qayxs qayxsa yisken. 3 .Gena zol tamar nyava gizio.

Gena yi ̋ maxnuc cac’ yaken. 4.Erti soy gizio. Ert ketn no hame.

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Can 2 ab 4nuc ert Xisham yent debm badam badamuc tatsnd Nabab Nabab aparqnuc oxh Aparqnuc ertam gaxsas

Qayxs 1 Hac dungam estend gahnd tohn gahnde. 1. Xisham nyav yent soya gizio. 2. Nyavi bá debam iqnsue. Nabab yits

Qayxs 2 Hac dungam “Xisham yent debm bá badam badamuc tatsnd” maki yiskuc ap gahis yintayqn katsis sisargu yisti nababmi xsapaga ap gahis tatsnde. Xisham nyav yent debm bá badam badamuc tatsnd Xisham nyav yent maki nyavi doysn doysn shidan nekn yesnsargueshn ac-

tam gaxsasni nyava yeskuci iqagu hak nabe maka gizio.Xisham yent maki ket atsndi shidan baba bayai oshtnangi nyavis yesi shidan yeli yiskuc maka gizio.Oshtnangi

yent maki nyava maxi yeskaman yi ̋ geshn doysn shidan nekn yesargu shi-

dan yelargu actam gaxsasi yisti nayva arcuci bá qer hakaman yi ̋ geshn yent maka gizio.Xisham yent maki ba musnsuca ba ucnsuca ba maysnsuca yeshasangi yent maka gizio.

Ucagon yisi petasn ats max maxndi bá qeram qeramuc gaxsnsarguc tatsi

sisi yiskende. Atsa end yisind beshaguc gats bá eyntam iqargend ni ̋ harkend atsnda gizio.

Tatsa uca hayxasni yiskuckan yi ̋ maxubabi qanis nabaguc actam ni gax-

sasnan gyara apm mayna acta ucam gaxsasna yiskena zyap’msene shidan bana koyuc ababm nyava yela haknsargene maki yiskuc tatsa gizio.

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Tamar nyav maxsap

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Tatsa uci xena saynsam shidan akimaga ertam ni haman axaxa gizio. Yi ̋

nabi hacam hak yi ̋am gaxsasni yiskend mayndi bana koyuc abam acta ucis yitsnsi karti nyav yeli yiskende. Byataga tats namnasnuci kasi acta qan nababgucam gaxsasni cilqan qa-

ntsnsuc nyavis woxa gizio maki yiskuc tatsa gizio. Tatsa uci ibar esargue. Yi ̋ nabi acta qanis nabaguci yi ̋am atsi gaxsasni yiskuci qani qantsarguc aparqna gizio. Byataga tatsa kaznasnuci kasi nyava myat yeskangi bá debam iqnsare maki yiskuc tatsa gizio. Nyavi maxi bana yesagucn bá qeram qeramend gahndi yi ̋eshn koysti yiskue. Gahnda end yisind: mva mava ert-ketn titsa gizio.

Mv ni makagucn nyava maxi bana yeskucn gadnsi mv soys mv iqnsuci koysti yiskue. Hamagi mva soys bana mvarguc shidan eskay pursti haybmi haknsue. Hac kamam hayxasnend byataga tatsnda endis nina yisn ni yiskuc gapm yiskend atsndeshn soy maki ni ersasi ertam ni iqnsuci koysti yiskue.

Nabab geshnuc oxh Qayxs 3 Hac dungam nabab gobqan yisti keskend oxhndis “ Ibar” shidan “Axax” maki karsnde. 1.

Nyavi doysn shidan nekn yesnsargueshn nabi xisham yent masti

yiskue. 2.

Oshtnangi yenti nekn yent nabmnsue.

3.

Nyavis doysn shidan nekn yenti irat nabmnsue.

4.

Ats nyavi bá katsam yisnsueshn mva sova mava keta koystargue.

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Qayxs 4 Hac dungam estend oxhndis xsapmnsi karsnde. 1.

Xisham yeynt debm bá badamuc tats maki yiskuc nababqan ibara

gizio yintayqni maki yiskend gahndis kesi hayxnde. 2.

Atsi hareshn mayn shidan vyan bana yelnsue maki nyav pyadis be-

shasi shidan gebasi yisteo? Yi tohn gahnde. 3.

Xisham yeynti ket atsndesh utsi yiskuc gaxsi hareo?

Can 2 ab 5nuc ert Qalnd Qalndeshn porsh uts Qayxs 5 Hac kam nababsnuc nabab bodam estend qalnd porshn utsnde. Amtseshn: nekn 1.

Zyap’

arc 2. qer

3.Oshtni

Xsap Ap gah paragirapam xsap

Qayxs 6 Can 1 ab 2nuc ertn sanxarzhqan xsapnd ap gahndam paragirap xsapmnde. Xsap hig Malatndam gaxsas

Qayxs 7 Hac dungam estend x’on gahis malatndam koysti yiskuwoxn xsapmnde. Hac dungam estend malatndam gaxsasni x’on gah qayxsnde. 1.

“ ” ________________________

2.

(,) __________________________

3.

(;)__________________________

4.

(:)__________________________

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Can 2 ab 6nuc ert Ibaram nabab “Xisham nyav yent debm bá badam badamuc tatsnd”

Nabab aparqnuc oxh Aparqnuc ert gaxsas Qayxs 8 Can 2 ab 4nuc ertn “Xisham nyav yent debm bá badam badamuc tatsnd” maki yiskuc nababqan ap gaha yintayqn eri yiskucis uynxam hayxnde.

Nabab Qayxs 9 “Xisham nyav yent debm bá badam badamuc tatsnd” maki yiskuc nababqan maxnasi nababmi dumarndi haysi sisn yintayqn wodam ibaram bitni nababis nababm yi ̋ debm tats utsnde. Hayx Bá qer tats hayx

Qayxs 10 “Xisham nyav yent debm bá badam badamuc tatsnd” maki yiskuc nababqan ibar tatsa hayxasn yiskucis hayxnde. Gah hig X’on gah xsap

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Tatsnde: x’on gah xsapi nam bodam qodi yiskue.Qoda endisind: bá qer hakarguca bá qer hakangi yiskuca x’on gaha gizio. •

Bá qer hakarguc gah ni makn bá kay yisti x’on porsh utsn hakarguca

gizio.Amtseshn: zolqa tá nababmn ………. maki yiskuc x’on porsh utsn hakargue. •

Kasi bá qer hakangi yiskuc x’on gah ni makn x’on gah uci bá kay yixan-

gi porsh utsi yiskuca gizio. •

Amtseshn:Wucn egam ta atnsue maki yiskuc x’on porsh utsi yiskue.

Xam: Zolqa tá nababmn wucn egam ta atnsue. Xsapmnd: kuts besi maxaga x’on gah dyamasi yiskuca gizio. Kuts besa

endisind: shidan, uceshn, yi petasn, uc geshn, petueshn, uca/uci/ucam ….

Qayxs 11 Wo tamar nyavndo! Hac kamam estend kuts besagend qalndqan yitsi kursi kutsa hac dungma yiskuc galqan x’onc’nde. 1. Xisham yent maki ket atsndi ________ baba bayai oshtnangi nyavis yesi ______ yeli yiskuc maka gizio. 2. Tatsa _______ xena saynsam ________ akimaga ertam ni haman axaxa gizio. 3. Tatsa _____ hayxasni yiskuckan yi ̋ maxubabi qanis nabaguc actam ni gaxsasnan gyara apm mayna acta ________ gaxsasna yiskena zyap’msene ________ bana koyuc ababm nyava yela haknsargene maki yiskuc tatsa gizio.

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Can 2 ab 7nuc ert Nyava yanxs baq Qal ert Xam

Qayxs 1 Hac dungam estend qalndis amtsa estuc bodam xami nababmnde. Amts: bad – am – uc =

badamuc

1. oshtnangi

____________________

2. hayxasnende

____________________

3. atnsargueshn

____________________

4. itsayqneshn

_____________________

5. wosasaman

_____________________

Nabab Nabab aparqnuc oxh Aparqnuc ertam gaxsas

nyava yanxs baq

Qayxs 2 Nababis yintayqn nababmargu aparqn hac dungam estend qalnd tohn gahnde. 1.

Nyava yanxs baq

2.

Hal

3. iq

Nabab yits

Qayxs 3 “Nyava yanxs baq” maki yiskuc nababis yintayqn katsis sisargu yisti nababmnde.

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Nyava yanxs baq Nyava yanxs baq maki nyava yanxsi gats itsayqni bá qer hakargueshna itsayqn debm irata dumarsi atnsargueshn yitsi yiskuc xisha gizio. Nyava yanxs iq bá gobqan bá qeram qeramend gahndis uxnsi yiskende. Gahnda end yisind: nyava yanxs guz iqa tats iqa ert iqa diga itsayqn hala baqi irsa gizio. Nyava yanxs guz iqe ni makan nyava yanxsi itsayqn guzi pugi kayguc yistn soy iq maka gizio. Nyava yanxsaga guzi soy iqnsueshn gaxsi yiskend bá qeram qeramend gahndi yiskende. Gahnda end yisind: mva yeshka kasa gizio. Mva bá qeram qeramenda soys nyava yanxsis ni musan itsayqn guzi soy iqnnsue. Kasi yeshki nyava yanxseshn koysti yiskue. Yeshka uci nyava yanxsaga guzaga iqeshn ezaga gaxsan utsi yiskue. Bana yeshkis qayxsa peshkuc geshn abi itsayqneshn estn itsayqni kasnsuci koysti yiskue. Nyava yanxsi soyaga tatsam iqnsueshn gatsni yiskend gahndi yiskende. Gahnda end yisind: soyaga gapa ket atsnda bana yiskuc dyama dumarnda gizio. Gap ni makan nyava yanxsi yisn yiskuc kuts maka gizio. Gapa ucis itsayqneshn soy petnsuci koysti yiskue. Kasi nyava yanxsi bá ket atsnda bana yiskuc dyami soy petnsuci koysti yiskue.

Ertam iq ni makan nyava yanxsi ert-ketn hamtsuci koysti yiskue. Yi ̋ nabi ertketn bana hamagucn itsyaqn hanqi myataga ertis yapmtsueshna gizio. Nyava yanxsi digama soyama iqnsueshn bá abis baqnsi esti yiskend kitabatis itsayqni yapmtsueshn ni yitsnsuci koysti yiskue. Yi ̋ nabi bá zolas ati gyara apm itsayqni yistnsueshn gaxsnsueshna gizio. Nyava yanxsi gap atsa bana yiskuc dyami myata gaxsis itsayqneshn utsnsue. Gaxsa end yisind: nyava yaxsi gap atsi wosasaman ukarni yistan ernsueshn gaxsnsue. Kasi bá dosis itsayqni iratnarguc yisti ernsueshn gaxsnsue. Kasi atsis wosasaman itsayqni wobsnsan ernsueshn gaxsi yiskue. Hac kamam nyava yanxsaga iqeshn hayxasnende gahndi nyava yanxsi iqn-

sueshn ezaga gaxsan utsi yiskende. Ucagisn hac kamam hayxasnend gahndis nyava yanxsi iqeshn ni gaxsasnsuci koysti yiskue.

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Nabab geshnuc oxh

Qayxs 4 Hac dungam estend oxhndis nababa nababsnuc bodam karsnda estnd dentkan karsnde. 1.Nyava yanxs debm irati atnsargueshn bá qer itsayqn hakagu hak itsayqn gatsi ------- masti yiskue. A. Nyava yanxs xish B. Nyava yanxs baq

C. Nyava yanxs guzn mas .

2. _____ iqi nyava yanxsi purstargu yisti soy maki iq yiskuc iq boda gizio. A. Nyava yanxs ert iq

B. Nyava yanxs tats iq C. Nyava yanxs guz iq.

3. Nyava yanxs iq bá gobqan bá qeram qeramend gahndis uxnsi yiskende. Gahnda end yisind: A. Nyava yanxs ert iq

B. Nyava yanxs tats iq C. Bá kang ibara gizio.

Qayxs 5 Hac dungam x’on gahqan bá tovn z’oz’nd qalnd porshis nababa nababsnuc bodam porsh-

nde. 1.Baba bayndi nyava yanxsaga arcam bá badam badamend gahndis itsayqn yitsnsu koysti yiskue. 2.Nyava yanxsi soy yitsam iqnsueshn baba baya soy kiti koysti yiskue. 3.Nyava yanxsi itsayqn baba baya ambali soy petan soy ambalam iqnsende.

Can 2 ab 8nuc ert Qalnd Qayxs 6 Nabab nababsnuc bodam “A” tovqan xsapnd qalndis “B” tovqan xsapnd qalnd porsha pashi ingasnde.

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“A”

“B”

1. myat

A. katsam yits

2. baq

B. Arc

3. Nyava yanxs

C. cod

4. hal

Ch. gats

Xsap Paragirap xsap Ap gahndam paragirap xsap Qayxs 7 Can1 ab 6nuc ertn “Xisham nyav yent debm bá badam badamuc tatsnd” maki yiskucis yintayqn nababmi peshkue.Hac nababa yintayqn uyxam yizam nababmi peshkucis karsi pikasi xsapmnde.

Xsap hig Malatndis gaxsas Qayxs 8 Wo tamar nyavndo! hac aparqn yintayqni tamarnuc bodam hac dungam estend gah malatnd porsh xsapmnsi itsayqn max maxeshn amts utsi xsapmnde. Amtsis x’on gaham xsapmnde. ““

,

;

:

1.__________________________________ 2.__________________________________ 3.___________________________________ 4.___________________________________

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Can 2 ab 9nuc ert Nyava yanxs baq Ibaram nabab Nabab aparqnuc oxh Aparqnuc ertam gaxsas Qayxs 9 Ibaram nabab yi mastan bá gobqan hara har uxi yisteo?

Nabab Qayxs 10 Hac dungam yeshuc worqat gaxsasi yintayqn nabab yitsis wucis gam shidan zolis amts x’onc’i “Nyava yanxs baq” maki yiskuc nababis max shidam nam kars nababmnde. Haysi sisn- Nababsuc tamar mi yiskuc tamar

Qalnd bya- Nabab yits ti shidan kars nabab

Maxnuc tamar

Namuc tamar

pyadam

Namuc tamar

Maxnuc tamar

soy Kot soy

irtamuc

Hayx Tats hayx Qayxs 11 Can 1 ab 7nuc ertn “Nyava yanxs baq” maki yiskuc nababis yintayqn nababmue. Hac esn xsap uckan hayxasn tatsuc ap gahis kipilqan yintayqn nalndeshn hayxnde.

Gah hig Qal dyamasaguc gaxsas

. 7 kipil

? Tamar nyav maxsap

!

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Qayxs 12 Kuts besagend qalnd masti yiskendis uc’ xsapmnde. Uc geshn itsayqndam x’on gah qayxsnde. 1.____________________________________ 2.___________________________________ 3.___________________________________ 4.____________________________________ 5.____________________________________

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Yirc 3 Ech ay bi edis

Can 1: 1nuc ab ert

Qal ert Xam Qayxs 1

Hac dungam estend amtsis xisham nababmsi yi ̋ dungam yiskuc qalis xami besnde, Amts:

bay-ra-sa-ga

bayrasaga

1.

hi-yu-man

_______________

2.

sin-di-rom

_______________

3.

na-ba-ge-nd

_______________

4. 5.

hay-xa-sn-end gya-rs-tn-su-ca-gi-sn

_______________ ______________

Ech ay bi edis Nabab Nabab aparqnuc oxh Qayxs 2 A.Hac dungam yiskend qalatndaga porshis hayxnde:

Ech ay bi, edis, Imun, B. Wo tamar nyavndo! “ech ay bi edis” maki yiskueshn yintayqni eri yiskucis yintayn nalndeshn hayxnde.

Tarikis nabab Qayxs 3 “Ech ay bi edis” maki yiskuc tovqan estend nababis yintayqn qaris sisargu shidan sasam yintayqn kay nababmnde.

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Ech ay bi edis Ech ay bi maki hareo?

Ech ay bi masti yiskuc edis pugis eti wuaguc bayres suma gizio. Bayrasaga suma uci kazaga ingliz qalatndaman sumtsue. Qala end yisind: hiyuman, imun, bayres masti yiskende. Qalatnda endaga porsh yisind: Hiyuman maki puga uci ats nyava kayan pugi yiskue maka gizio. Imun maki puga ucis atsi qayxsis qayxsnsargueshn gamtsi yiskuc maka gizio. Kasi bayres maki kats yisn yisti ats nyavaga sutkan bana vyarduc geshn iqi yiskuc maka gizio. Edis maki hareo? Kasi edis maki yiskuc qala odaga ingliz qalam porshi yisn yiskue. Qala end yisind: akuard, imun, depishensi, sindirom masti yiskende. Itsayqn porshi: Akuard maki atsi pugam usti yiskuc maka gizio. Imun maki ats guzqan pug nabagend cacndis woxi yiskuc maka gizio. Depishensi maki ats guzqn pug nabagend cacndis gamts maka gizio. Sindrom maki pugnasi akum ketn hanquc geshn yabsti yiskuc malat maka gizio. Ech ay bi bayresi yi ̋am yevi yiskend bod yiskue. Boda end yisind: sutama, vyana mayna dyamama, qixsndama, nyavi yeysagucna, xyamis xyantsama gizio.

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Sutam maki atsa edis pugam ustangi yiskuc ats suta ats edis pugam ustarguc ats suta bana dyaman gyarstni yiskuc maka gizio. Qixsndam maki atsa edis pugam purstangi yiskuci yi ̋am gaxsasnuc qixsndam ni gaxsasnan pugi

qixsnda endam gyarstnsue maka gizio. Qixsnda end yisind amtseshn: napa, milaxha dumardna gizio. Edis pugi hac kamam hayxasnend bodam gyarstnsucagisn puga uci bana gyarstnuc geshn acti yisn kaygucagisn xish ni yitsnsuci koysti yiskue.

Nabab geshnuc oxh Qayxs 4 Hac dungam sanxarazh gobm estend ech ay bi edis naba qopa tovn ochnasendeshn kartis yintayqn dabtarn xsapnde. Amts Ech ay bi edis nab

Ech ay bi edis qop

Ats nyav pug nagi yiskend gamts

Dumarnd pugeshn bod bes

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

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Qayxs 5 Hac kamam “Ech ay bi edis”maki yiskuc nababis yintayqni xisham nababmuc geshn hac dungam estuc oxhis karsnde. 1.Ech ay bi maki hareo?. 2.Edis maki hareo? 3.Imun maki hareo? 4.Dipishensi maki hareo? 5.Sindrom maki hareo?

Qayxs 6 Hac kamam yintayqni nababmuc bodam namas namas atangi hac dungam estend oxhndis oshtnangi karsnde. A.Ech ay bia edisa dentkanuc badi hareo?

B.Ech ay bi edisi yi ̋am gyarstni yiskend bodndi hanendeo?

Can 1: 2nuc ab ert Qal porsh Qayxs 7 Hac dungam estend oxhndis nabab bodam itsayqnda bani hanqi yiskucis ingasnde. “A”

“B”

1. Atsi pugam usti yiskuc

A.Depishensi

2. Ats guzqan pug nabagend cacndis woxi yiskuc

B.Akuard

3. Pugnasi akum ketn hanquc geshn yabsti yiskuc

C.Imun

4. Ats guzqn pug nabagend cacndis gamts

D. Hiyuman

5. ats nyava kayan pugi yiskuc

E.Sindrom

Xsap Tarikis xsap Naba qopa bodam anqaxs xsap

Tats: maxaga gahi qopi yi ̋ apm yiskuc wosn nabi kasi yistni haknsue.Amt-

seshn haragi petsaseo? Haragi atadeo? maka no oxhan yi ̋ qopis yapn nonue.

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Kasi har nabam shidan har bodam atadeo? maka no oxhan nabis yapma

hakn nonue. Qayxs 8 Hac dungam amts bodam ech ay bi edisesh sanxarazhn estendis naba qopa bodam akasi anqaxs xsapnde.

Xsapaga hig Hac dungam myant qalatnd noti yiskuc saxinqan yiskucis pikasi yintayqni nababmuc geshn yi ̋ dungamuc oxhis karsnde.

Myant qal Myant qal masti yiskendi qalatnda nam bá qeram qeramend yisti maxn bana atagucn max porsh utsi yiskenda gizio. Benc’nonqan myant qalatndi bana xsapagucn itsayqn dentkan haypen malati (-) yitsi yiskue.Amtseshn “ert” maki yiskuc qala “ket” maki yiskuc qal maxn bana xsapan maxaga porsh utsi yiskende. Amts: ert-ket

Qayxs 9 Hac dungam estuc amtsaga bodam myant qalndis koy xsapnde. Amts : nyal-ket 1.----------------------2.----------------------3.----------------------4. ---------------------5. ----------------------

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Can 1: 3nuc ab ert Ibaram nabab Ech ay bi edis Nabab aparqnuc oxh Qayxs 10 “Ech ay bi edis” maki yiskuc yintayqni nababmuckan yintayqni eri yiskucis hayxnde. Tarikis nabab

Qayxs 11 Yintayqn ersasagendi hayxi yiskuc bodam “Ech ay bi edis” maki yiskuc tovqan estuc nababis karsi soy maki nababmnde.

Sisnsuc tarik Ech ay bi edis pug gyarsta naba bod Sisnsuc tarik aparqnuc oxh

Qayxs 12 Ech ay bi edis gyarsta naba bodndi hareo?

sis “Ech ay bi edis pug gyarsta naba bod” bod maki yiskuc tovqan estuc nababi nababasn soysi haysi sisknsi yintayqn maxsapkan estend oxhndesh kart utsnde. Sisnsuc tarik geshnuc oxh

1.Ech ay bi edisi yi ̋am gyarstni yiskuc boda odis hayxnde. 2.Ech ay bi edis nab bodis hayxnde 3.Milaxham ech ay bi edisi wosasaman gyarsti yistan hayxnde.

Gah hig Kuts besagend Tats : kuts besagend masti yiskendi hac, uc, end, doc, hand, en, han, yinka hac, yinkau uc, nega doc, neka uc … maki yiskenda gizio.X’on gah gobqan bana vyardagucn shika haka petendis hayxeshn gaxs utsi yiskende. Amts: Nyala hac

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Atsina yinka han Qayxs 13 Hac dungam estend x’on gah gobqan yitsi kuts besagend qalndis badasi xsapnde. 1.Nasi bá nansis hanqa atsa neka hacis xsego maki hayxu. 2.Nama neka hana bá nyav bergam gadnsa pursat kay yiskene. 3.Atsa neka handi ech ay bi edis timirtis tamarni yiskende. 4.Tamar nyava yinka haci ert ketn hanqi yiskue. 5.Baya bá gurda hacn bana yitsucis oni eti hanqade maka oxhen. 6.Yinka haci on doreo maki babi oxhu. 7.Woro nama en wuo maka hayxo.

Can 2: 4nuc ab ert Nabab Ech ay bi edisi hatsi yiskuc irat Nabab aparqnuc oxh Qayxs 1 A.Hac dungam estend qalndeshn porsh hayxnde. irat

gap

nyav arc

gebaga

B.Ech ay bi edisi hatsi yiskuc iratis eri yistade? Yintayqn nalndeshn qalam hayxnde.

Tarikis nabab Ech ay bi edisi hatsi yiskuc irat Ech ay bi edisi bá badam badamuc iratis ats debm hatsi yiskue.Irat masti

yiskuci ats nyavis gaydasi shidan zhulasi yiskuc maka gizio.Ech ay bi edisi ats debm irat hatsi yiskuci bá badam badamuc bodama gizio.Amtseshn irat yi hatsi yiskuci gapeshna, gizeshna, nyava arceshna, dodeshna du-

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marsa gizio. Ech ay bi edisi gap debm irat hatsi yiskue.Gap debm irat yi hatsi yiskuci ech ay bi edis pugam purstuc atsi gamxan xep’i akum ketn eti hanqi yiskende. Dumarsi pugnasa uci pursti yisti hayqaman bá qayxsis shichnsi gap atsi wogi yeki yiskende.Gap atsi woga bana yepagucn mvia uckia yisti yeki yiskende.Itsayqni wognsi bá kitnucis mvi shidan ucki wursu geshn itsayqn

keteshn beli atnsue.Yi ̋ nabi itsayqni wogi yepi pahu geshn mv qayxs abi wurni haknsue.Ucam goqn gapa endeshn ezaga irati atnsue.

Ech ay bi edisi giz debm irat hatsi yiskue.Ech ay bi edisi bábadam badamuc bodam giz debm irat hatsi yiskue.Amtseshn ech ay bi pugnasis ba pyatse maki ats nyvi akum bodam gebaga gizis kesi yiskende.Kasi itsayqni akamasi yistn atsa uci haybmi haknsue.Atsa cui hayqu geshn kabe masti mavi gosti yiskue.Ucagisn maveshn koystargu gizi kesnsue.Giza enda keski yiskendi Wonsan ket atnd debm irata gira eti wunsende. Ech ay bi edisi nyava arc debm irat hatsi yiskue.Nava arc debm irat yi hatsi yiskuci baba baya etkend nyav petnsende.Yi ̋ nabi baba baya ech ay bi

edis pugam haybmi haknsende.Nyava arc endi baba baya kaygu petan soysi iqni haknsargende.Ba mvsuca ba ucnsuca ba yi ̋qan haqnsuca baysnsi

iratnsende.Itsayqnis tamartasnsuci kaygueshn ert kobam shidan timirtam

gesh shidnsende.Ucagisn nyava arci timirtama qayxs qayxsi ketam gixama soysi iqnsargueshn irat hatsi yiskue. Ech ay bi edisi dod debm irat hatsi yiskue.Dod debm irat yi hatsi yiskuci dodi beleshn atnsueshn hatsi yiskue.Beleshn yi hatsi yiskuci kac’i aqi yiskend shidan gixi aqi yiskend atsa iqis woxni haknsue.Ucgeshn qayxsi yiskendi kaygu petan beli dod debm irat eti wunsue.Kasai yi ̋ baba baya ayqend nyavndi

bod gashn aqi wobti zukagenda goc’agenda atnsende.Ucam qoqn dodeshn ezaga irate atnsue.Dumarsi hac no siska yiskuc woxn petan no doda Top’ia codnasnda pugnasndeshn gatsna yiskene.Uca wu gatsna yiskuci dod xhim qayxsnsuci gesh shidi yiskue maka gizio.

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Ucagisn ats nyavi bá kang yisti ech ay bi edisi hatsi yiskucis iratis ern-

si bá baqnsuci koysti yiskue.Yi ̋ nabi hac kamam hayxasnend iratis hatsi

yiskuci kobcisargue. Ucagisn ats nyavi ech ay bi edis nab bodis bá kang yisti ernsi dumarsis ersasi yistnsuci koysti yiskue.

Nabab geshnuc oxh Qayxs 2 Hac kamam “Ech ay bi edisi hatsi yiskuc irat”maki yiskuc nababis yintayqni xisham nababmuc geshn hac dungam estuc oxhis xsapi karsnde. 1.Ech ay bi edisi hatsi yiskuc irate hareo? 2.Ech ay bi edisi gap debm wosasan irat hatsi yisteo? 3.Ech ay bi edisi giz debm wosasan irat hatsi yisteo? 4.Ech ay bi edisi nyava arc debm wosasan irat hatsi yisteo? 5.Ech ay bi edisi dod debm wosasan irat hatsi yisteo?

Can 2: 5nuc ab ert Qal porsh Qalndeshn harknarged porsh uts

Qayxs 3 Wo tamar nyavndo! hac dungam estend qalndeshn harknargend qalis koy xsapnde. Amts: gaydasi - kazhasi 1.gamxi____________________ 2.mva______________________ 3.gex’i _____________________ 4.kitnsuc ___________________ 5.dod_____________________ 6.arc______________________

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Xsap Tarikis xsap Naba qopa bodam xsap anqaxs xsap

Qayxs 4 Wo tamar nyavndo! “Shav dob” maki yiskuc tarik tohis gaxsasnsi naba qopa bodam kaz paragirap xsapnde. Xsapaga hig

Qayxs 5 Hac dungam saxinqan leksikal katsa yirca konqa hayxi yiskucis nababmnde. Uc geshn yi ̋ dungamuc oxhis karsnde.

Leksikalaga katsa yirca konqa Leksikal masti yiskuc katsa yirca konqai xsapis ni xsapagucn malatis itsayqn debm ni yitsi gaxsasnargend qalatnd maka gizio. Qala endaga porshis itsayqn egama hagam yiskendis beqi erni ni haknsue. Amts: kar maki yiskuc qalais wosn bá qeram qeramuc x’on gahkan itsayqn porshis beqe. 1.

Nasi kar gixsi hanqu.

2.

Dodi wonten kar peshku.

Qayxs 6 Hac kamam saxin yintayqni bequc bodam hac dungam yiskend qalatndi

max debm porshi itsyaqneshn yiskue. Ucagisn x’on gahis itsayqnam qayxsi besnde. 1.mel ___________________________________________________ 2.cob ___________________________________________________ 3.dayd___________________________________________________

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Can 2: 6nuc ab ert Ibaram nabab Ech ay bi edisi hatsi yiskuc irat Nabab aparqnuc oxh Qayxs 7 “Ech ay bi edisi hatsi yiskuc irat” maki yiskuc nababqan yitsi max anqaxsis yintayqn ersasagendi bá badam badamuc bodam nababmsende.Uc geshn

wo tamar nyavndo! soysi haysi sisknsi soye yintayqni maki yiskucis kursnsi yi ̋ bodam nababnde.

Tarikis nabab Qayxs 8

Hac kamam “Ech ay bi edisi hatsi yiskuc irat” maki yiskuc nababis aparqn

budinam nababmde. Uc geshn yintayqn kay yisti nababmde. Yi ̋ wurn haran yintayqni nababmasan yintayqn ersasagucn hayxnde.

Hayx Oshtn Tats Oshtn higa damba •

Yi ̋ toh tatsa marazha aki dubdasa

•

Koysti yiskuc tatsis yi ̋ yaram hayx

• • • •

Bana oshtna yiskuc nabis siski yiskendeshn ersas Bá katsis shidan qaris konq maknsi hayx

Bá tatsis atsi cunsueshn soysi nabis hayx Báeshn estend ab gobm bá tatsis wurs

Qayxs 9

Wo tamar nyavndo! hac dungam estend tohis kursnsi yi ̋ debm oshtnde. A.Cet nyavndi shidan wor nyavndi ech ay bi edis pugnas atnsueshn hatsi yiskend nabndi hareo? B. Cet nyavndi shidan wor nyavndi ech ay bi edis pugn yisti haknsueshn har yitsnsuci koysti yisteo?

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Gah hig Tats

Hac dungam saxinqan yiskucis pikasi yintayqni nababmuc geshn yi ̋ dungam yiskuc oxhis karsnde.

Yi ̋ bab besaguc

Yi ̋ bab besaguc masti yiskuc sum shidan qala qayxs besaguc geshn yevi yiskue. Benc’nonqan yi ̋ bab besaguci “aga” masti yiskuc qasta gizio.

Amts: nam : Namaga babi omtan atu. Maki yiskuc x’on gahkan “aga” maki yiskuca nam maki yiskuc qal geshn qastuci hayxi yiskuci nasi nam bab petucan gizio.

Qayxs 10 Hac dungam estend qalatndam gaxsasangi “aga” maki yiskuci itsayn geshn qazqi x’on gahis xsapmnde. 1.mant 2.dor 3.kets 4.nas 5.bay

Can 3: 7nuc ab ert Qal ert Beck Qayxs 1

Hac dungam estuc amts bodam yi ̋ dungam kutsa gala yiskuckan qalatndis qodi besnde. Amts:

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1.wosasaman_____________ 2.qixsndama _____________ 3.qayxsaga

_____________

4.hamtsueshn _____________

Nabab Ech ay bi edisi ats debma, dig debma, giz debma hatsi yiskuc irat

Nabab aparqnuc oxh Qayxs 2 Hac dungam estend sanxarazhis x’oc’nde. Ech abi hatsi yiskuc irat • • •

A.Hac dungam estend qalaga porshis hayxnde: Irat, ezaga, cet nyav, wor nyav B. Ehch ay bi edis har petan yintayqn nalndeshn hayxnde.

Tarikis nabab Ech ay bi edisi ats debma, dig debma, giz debma hatsi yiskuc irat Ech ay bi edisi acti yisn kayguc pugaga zara gizio. Puga uci wosasaman dod debm atasan bá qeram qeramend atsndi bá qeram qeramuc tatsis shirshi

yistende. Ucagon yisi petasan ibaram puga edisi wosasaman yevas ibaram kutsa, aba hacam hak kaygue.

Ech ay bi bayresi yi ̋am yevi yiskend bod yiskue. Boda end yisind: sutama, vyana mayna dyamama, qixsndama, nyavi yeysagucna, xyamis xyantsama gizio. Edis pugi gap ats debm bá qeram qeramuc iratis hatsi yiskue. Irata end yisind: atsi pugnasis akum ketna eskay xep’i eti hanqi yiskue. Kasi atsa endi pugnas ucis eskay akum ketn xep’i eti hamagucn qayxsaga abi hamtsueshn nab ati yiskue.

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Edis pug digaga debm bá qeram qeramuc iratis hatsi yiskue. Irata uc yisind: akum ertnasndi bá sir puga edisam usti yiskende. Uci kasi akum babi beshaguc ats nyaveshn gaxs utsnsargueshn ezaga iratis hatsi yiskue.

Edis pugi gizaga debm ezaga iratis hatsi yiskue. Uc yisind beshaguc dodis qayxsi irsnsend cet nyava wor nyavan puga uci hacaga abm woxi yiskue. Kasi dumarsi edis puga uca bana yevi edisam purstuc nasis pugi yiskend bá qeram qeramend pugeshn myataga gizi keski yiskue. Kasi giza endis bana yapmsueshn atsi bá keta, dyanta, dora eti hanqi gabm goti girni yiskue. Hac kamam hayxasnucwoxn edis pugi acti yisn kayguc pug bana petueshn myataga atsis woxi yiskue. Puga uci ats debma, dig debma, gizi debma ezaga iratan hatsi yiskue. Irata endi beshaguc doda maxa iqnsargueshn ezaga nab ati atsis gesh shichi yiskue.

Nabab geshnuc oxh Qayxs 3 Hac kamam “Ech ay bi edisi ats debma, dig debma, giz debma hatsi yiskuc irat”maki yiskuc nababis yintayqni xisham nababmuc geshn hac dungam estuc oxhis karsnde. 1.Ech ay bi edisi hareo?

2.Ech ay bi edisi yi ̋am yevi yiskend bodndi hanendeo? 3.Edis pugi gap ats debm hatsi yiskuc irate hareo? 4.Edis pugi digaga debm hatsi yiskuc irati hareo? 5.Edis pugi gizaga debm hatsi yiskuc irate hareo?

Can 3: 8nuc ab ert Qal porsh Harkni yiskenda harknargenda porsh uts Qayxs 4 Hac dungam yiskend qalatndeshn harkni yiskend porshis kutsa galqan xsapmnde. 1.irat ___________

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2.cod ___________ 3. kazh___________ 4.bod ___________ 5.matnsarguesh ___________

Qayxs 5 Hac dungam yiskend qalatndeshn harknargend porshis kutsa galqan xsapmnde. 1.kaygue ___________ 2.ibaram __________ 3.vyana___________ 4.hanqi___________ 5.ezaga ___________ 6.girni ___________

Xsap Tarikis xsap Naba qopa bodam anqaxs xsap Qayxs 6 1nuc cana 2nuc abma 2nuc can 5nuc abm yintayqni anqaxs xsapue.Anqaxsa endis naba qopa bodam soysi pikasi karsi xsapnde.

Xsapaga hig Qayxs 7 Wo tamar nyavndo hac aparqn yintayqni tamarnuc bodam hac dungam estuc oxheshn kart xspnde. 1.Leksiksl maki hareo? amtsis utsi uc’ uc’ xsapnde.

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Can 3: 9nuc ab ert Ibaram nabab Ech ay bi edisi ats debma, dig debma, giz debma hatsi yiskuc irat Nabab aparqnuc oxh Nababis soysi nababmsi hayx maki haragisan yintayqn nalndeshn qalam hayxnde.

Tarikis nabab Qayxs 8 Hac kama “Ech ay bi edisi ats debma, dig debma, giz debma hatsi yiskuc irat” maki yiskuc nababis yintayqn ersasagendi hayxi yisku bodam nababmnde.

Hayx Morstn Tats Morstn abam goqn yitsi yiskend higa damba

•Morstneshn yeshnend debm marazha uxi yeshn •Dumars tatsis zarashid

•Morstni yiskend tatsis nabam kart uts •Bá yaris baqnsi hayx

Qayxs 9 Hac dungam estuc debm yeshnangi morstnde.

•

Ech ay bi edis wucasni ats cunage cunisargueo?

Gah hig Besagend Qayxs 10

Kuts besagend maki hareo? kuts besagend qalam uc’ x’on gah qayxsnde.

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Yirc 4 Can 1: 1nuc ab ert Ersatangi yiskend atsnd Beck Qayxs 1 Hac dungam yiskend qalis becki besnde. 1.hayam

3 zoxhoxh

2.Zyaxs

4 Semen

Hac dungam yiskuc qalporsh hayxnde. 1.Berg

2 Ab

3 gap

Hac dungam yiskuc nababis yintayqn kats sisarguc yisti nababmde

Worqu Mamo Nasa Worqu Mamoi yeyskuci 1935 bergam kutsa adis alem masti yiskucna gizio. Kutsa uci saptam kilo metir woxhoxh katam haki yiskue. Yisi yisn iquc gapaga coram bá qeram qeramend kocha xhima xsoxnda yistende. Nasa Worqu Mamoi yars bana yistagucn togama, Koch hayama, pasama ket giznd sivilis qayxsi bá nalnda bana kaski ique. Kasa uci hacaga abm yisi yiskuc yi ̋aga erteshn ezaga bodan pirque.

Yi ̋ bergi tama maxa atuc geshn yi ̋ babi zyaxsa semen kobm mayt xhadqan

donti hanque. Ucam yi ̋ baya woxhoxh qayxs bana yakuesh yi ̋ eta woxhoxh hanqene. Ucam bá baya bana doysn boch yisteue.

Wolent 1946 bergam nasa Worqu Mamoi nyava gapm yiskenda bana soysi kaski yistue. Ucam goqn yi ̋a bana kaski yistuc yi ̋ nali Begashaw masti yiskue.

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Itsayqni kaski yisti hanqi bombi yistn yisn yakende. Ucam bomba uci bana xuquc geshn nasa Worqu Mamo kucha namis dogi uxi hazque. Kasi bomba uci Worqu nal petuc Begashaw apa maxis baysue.

Uc geshn atsi itsayqn namasis Minilik II masti yiskuc wospitaln eti han-

qende. Ucagon yisi petasn Worqui kyam yi ̋ katsi kartarguc doysn tovangi

yistue. Ucam wospital uckan yistend akum ertnasndi soysi itsayqn gatsni

yistende. Ucam dontucis hacam hak bá katsam pyaxsi yisti bá qeram qeramend qayxsndis qayxsi Top’iqan erstangi yiskuc atsa gizio. Nasa Worqu Mamoi nyartnaga nyavi yisn yiskue. Nyava end yisind uc’aga mayn nyava kazaga vyan nyava gizio. Hacaga abam nasa Worqu Mamoi yi ̋am Top’iqan erstangi yiskuc qayxsi sivil qayxsama gizio. Yi ̋ tun: “Addis Life” maki yiskuckan yisti pikni estuc

Nabab geshnuc oxh Qayxs 2 Hac kamam nababa (Worqu Mamo) maki yiskucis yintayqni nababmuc geshn hac dungam yiskuc dingqan x’onc’nde.

Worku Mamo

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Tamar nyav maxsap

7 kipil

Can 1: 2nuc ab ert Qal porsh Qayxs 3 Hac dungam yiskend qal porshis xsapmde. 1. kilo metir 2. pas 3. boch 4. bomb

xsap Qayxs 4

Qer tarik tarik xsap Hac kamam Worqu Mamo maki yisuc harkuc atsa maxa yintayqn gapm erstangi yiskuc tarikis shidan yintayqn ket ats tarikis xsapmsi nababmde. xsapaga hig

Qayxs 5 Hac dungam ibaram xsapargend pidalndispikasnsi qalis karsi xsapmde. Amts: diant maki yiskuc bana pikna xsapagucn dyant gizio. 1.muqelmum 2.atsnnd 3.yi ̋o

Can 1: 3nuc ab ert Ibaram nabab Qayxs 6 Hac kamam nabab “worqu Mamo” maki yiskuc nababis aparqn budinam nababmde. uc geshn yintayqn yisti nababmde. Sisnsuc tarik

Mulatu Astaxiqe

Sisnsuc tarik aparqnuc oxh Qayxs 7 Mulatu Astaxiqe masti yiskuc one?

Tarikis sis Qayxs 8

7 kipil

Tamar nyav maxsap

51

Yintayqn ersasaguci nababmi yiskucis xisham haysi sisnde

Sisnsuc tarikgeshnuc oxh Qayxs 9 Yintayqn ersasaguci nababm yintayqni siskucis tarikis hayxnde

Gah hig Qala qayxs besagucis pekal hatsaguc kuts besaguuc: hacn, hinka ucn, Amts: 1.Nasi hacn wogu. 2.Nama hinka ucn surqen.

Qayxs 10 Hac kamam yintayqn nababmend kuts besagend qala qayxs besagucis pekal hatsagendam x’on gah qayxsnde.

Can 2: 4nuc ab ert Nabab aparqnuc oxh Qayxs 1

“Worqu Mamo kucham xsapu yi ̋ ab tarik” maki yiskucis eri yintayqni yistan hayxnde.

Nabab

Qayxs 2 Hac dungam yiskuc tarikis yintayqnikats sisarguc yisti nababmde.

Erstangi yiskuc Worqu Mamo kucham xsapu yi ̋ ab tarik Woynten tá kats bergeshn xsapma shidan hayxna ta koya yiskue.Codaga abmndi tá kats debm petend gahnda gizio.Ucagisn tá kats debm petend gahnda iratndais yintayqneshn qodna shidan hayxna ta koyue. Worqu Mamo ta yeskuc bergi 1935 bergam kac’i xhmchagend ket atsnd dadn adis alem masta yisken sapmtam kilo metir Adisabaeshn hakn yisken gapma gizio.Tana yi ̋qan dyant kinqa shidan mat musa yiskuc kutsi wocam

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Tamar nyav maxsap

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shidan shinatam qorasangi yiskuc kutsna gizio.Tá nyav bergam goqn dynt sivil qayxsa kaska ta yiskue.Yi ̋am dyant sivilis qayxsa ta yiskuci wocama,

shinatama, togama gizio.Tá nyav bergam kaska ta yistuc sivil qayxsis nacka sivil qayxsas ta erstnsueshn hatsue.

Tá nyav bergam qayxsis zoysa qayxsa ta yistue.Uc bergam goqn soysa no

mvnsuc mvi kayguagi yistue.Ucaga bergi tá tasn mayt xhada Xalian qayxsa gizio.Uc bergam goqn tá bergi tama nama gizio.Ucam goqn tá babi usti Se-

men kob yiskuc xhadeshn usti hanque.Uc geshn tá baya tá eta Adisaba hanqa qayxs koyene. Maxn wol ent aba 1946 bergam tá debm atucis tatsa ta era yiskue.Woynten ta xsapa yiskuci tá debm atuc irata gizio.Ta kaska yiskuci tá nala tá gapm

yiskuc Begashaw gibin peta Xaliani byari bogi etue.Uc geshn mayt xhad baqi kas kaska no yistue. Begashaw ta hayxa yiskucis sisargu yisti tá gyadu.Uc geshn tá geshn yisti bombi xuqu.Uc geshn xuqucis tamayi tatsi eri yiskue.

Uc geshn kot tana yistu geshn xuquci har petan tá mayi byatu.Uc geshn tá kucha yi ̋ name dogia tá apa maxa balqu.Kasi tá nala Bagashaw apa maxi

balqu.Uc geshn Minilik II hospitaln ta eti hanqend.Uc geshn kaz vyarpam

hak itsaqni uci yiskucis ta erargue.Uc geshn tá kucham donsa eti mvi tagamsu.Yi petasn tam gatsnsuci bavu.Aba uci tá katseshn wogasi pavagi

táeshn yistu.Uc geshn tá baya tá kucha dostucis beqnsa tá zoysasa tám gatsna yisten.Gebaga ab geshn tá yixi bá kangi bá kotsi wuru.Uc geshn

tá baya ni ̋aga otam aq idilagisn tá ap’am sivil qayxsas ne atnsue maken.

Wusind zolaga mayna gizao.Uc geshn tana kazhqa yista tá qayxsis tagadue. Uc bá badam badam yiskend atsnda tana gaha sivil qayxsas ta atue.

Badasa ats nyav yelasi yiskendi no doda Top’iqan bavu.Uc geshn yi ̋qan ta

vyardu Unibersti bergi Rusiaqan xsoxsitina may tatsaeshn zoysa tamarnue. Uc gehn tá mavis masna ta hakue.

Ucagisin tá kats debm atendis hayxa yista ats nyava itsayqn guzeshn irat atendi atsi itsaqn gatsni zoysasan kasi bá tatsis dobargu yista bana tamartnan ez ats atnsende maka kita ta yiskue.

7 kipil

Tamar nyav maxsap

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Tarik geshnuc oxh Qayxs 3 Hac kamam yiskuc nabab yintayqni nababmuc geshn hac dungam yiskuc saxinqan xsapmde. Tariki yisn xsapuc kutsa aba Tariki onan hayxi yisteo? Yi ̋ wur

Can 2: 5nuc ab ert Qal porsh Qayxs 4 Hac dungam yiskend qal porshis xsapmde. 1.irat 2.mayt xhad 3.Xalian

Tarik xsap Ab gobqanuc yits xsap Qayxs 5 Hac dungam yiskuc saxinqan koysti yiskend gahndis xsapmde. Purn yintayn yistn Ert-ketn yintayqni wuagucn Ert-ketn yintayqni tamarnagucn

Xsapaga hig Qayxs 6 Hac dungam yiskend x’on gahis karsi pikasia, yi ̋qan dirquc gah malatndis yitsi xsapmde. 1.Sov kiten nama

2.Babi gaxsu matis 3.Manti byaru nasis

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Tamar nyav maxsap

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Can 2: 6nuc ab ert Ibaram nabab Nabab aparqnuc oxh Qayxs 7 Nababa hac dungam yiskuc tarikkan yiskuc gaha malatn gaxsis hayxnde. Nabab

Qayxs 8

Hac kamam nababa “Erstangi yiskuc Worqu Mamo kucham xsapu yi ̋ ab tarik ” maki yiskucis yintayqn katsis sisarguc yisti nababmde;

Gah hig Qala qayxs besagucis pekal hatsaguc kuts besaguuc: hacn, hinka ucn, Qayxs 9 Hac kamam yiskend qala qayxs besagucis pikal hatsaguc yistikuts besagucam nam nam x’on gah xsapmde.

Hayx Qayxs 10

Hac kamam nababa “Erstangi yiskuc Worqu Mamo kucham xsapu yi ̋ ab

tarik” maki yiskucis tarikis gadn, uc geshn, yi ̋ wurn masti yiskend qalam gaxsasani hayxnde

7 kipil

Tamar nyav maxsap

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Can 2: 7nuc ab ert Qal ert Xam Qayxs 1 Hac dungam yiskend qalis xamnde. 1.du-mar-se-shn

3.ta-tsa-m

2.gi-ba-t

4.dya-ma-gu-cn

Hac dungam yiskend qal porshis hayxnde. 1.Amts 2.Zolas 3.wobs

Tarik nabab Nabab aparqnuc oxh Qayxs 2 Atsa dumarseshn amts maki haragisan budinam gahnsi hayxnde.

Nabab Qayxs 3 Hac dungam tarika “ Atsa dumarseshn amts at” maki yiskucis yintayqn kats sisarguc yisti nababmde.

Atsa dumarseshn amts at Atsa dumarseshn amts atmaki nas shidan nama maxa bá qayxsam atsa dumarsi itsayqn qayxsa yitsa beqi kazhqi qayxsi ert yi ̋qan yaki yiskuca gizio. Atsa dumarseshn amts petend atsndi qayxsi yiskuc qayxsa kasi gibatni yiskuc tatsa atsa dumarseshn ezaga wosa gizio. Atsa maxi atsa dumarseshn amts atnsueshn nab ati yiskend gahndi yiskende. Gahnda end yisind: bá qer haka, gibatasnangi yiskuca, bá qayx-

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Tamar nyav maxsap

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sam zolas ata, itaga gahi yi ̋a bana dyamagucn zolqi qayxsi yiskuca, atsis wobsa, atsa dumars tatsis sisa gizio. Bá qer hak maki atsa bá qayxsama tatsama zolas petendi beshaguc bá qayxsam kazhqi yiskende. Atsa endi beshaguc bá qayxsis bana qayxsaguc atsa dumarsi aparqn ati itsayqn qayxsasi erargende. Atsa endi bana qayxsa yiskuc qayxsis soysi gibatni qayxsi yiskende. Gibatasnangi yiskuc maki bá ket atseshna, zoseshna, kasi yisn bana qayxsa yiskende nalndeshn axax gaharguc shid maka gizio. Atsa dumarseshn amts petend atsndi soysi atsis gyadi shidan axax bodam maltni erargende.

Atsa dumarseshn amts masti yiskendi bá qayxsam zolasa gizio. Ucam dontucis atsa endi soysi iqi yiskende. Kasi bá qayxsis soysi wobsi qayxsi yiskende. Qayxsa qayxsa bana yiskucis niqi erargende. Atsa dumarseshn amts peti yiskendi soysi atsa dumarsis wobsi yiskende. Atsis niqi erargende. Atsi iqa, cet nyava, wor nyava endis niqi erargende. Ucam dontucis sosy atsi itsaqn cuni yiskue. Uc kay esaragi atsa atsa dumarseshn amts ati yiskendi atsi gahis hayxagucn gaha uci itagon shidan

soyagon petan haysi sisknsi yi ̋ kartis utsi yiskende. Ats non hayxi erargende.

Qayxs 4 Hac kamam nababa “ atsa dumarseshn amts at” maki yiskucis yintayqni nababmuc geshn hac dungam yiskuc dingqan x’onc’nde.

7 kipil

Tamar nyav maxsap

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Ats wobs Atsa dumarsn amts ats at

Can 2: 8nuc ab ert Qal porsh Qayxs 5 Hac dungamyiskend qalatndaga bá porsham harknargucis xsamde 1. Wog 2. Tats 3. Wox 4. ich

Xsap Tarik xsap Qayxs 6 Yintayn qer tarikis yisn yintayqni yeyskuc abm gadnsi xsapmde.

Xsapaga hig Qayxs 7 Hac dungam xsapangi yiskuc tarikkan dirquc gah malatis kutsn pyadi yisn yitsanagi yiskuc xsapmde. Nama belina nyava zolasa gizio1 belina ert-ketn eskay shida erargene 2 kasi belinaert-ketn yista banakartagucn soysa bá maxsap nababma yiskene 3 ucam dontucis yi ̋ maxnuc darazha eskay yaka yiskene 4

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Tamar nyav maxsap

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Can 2: 9nuc ab ert Ibaram nabab Nabab aparqnuc oxh Qayxs 9 Atsi hareshn atsa dumarsis pazqi yisteo? Soye? Hareshn? Tarikis nabab

Qayxs 10 Hac kamam nababa “ atsa dumarseshn amts at” maki yiskucis yintayqn budinam nababmde.

Hayx Qayxs 11 Yintayqn gapm erstangi yiskend atsa max qayxsis budinam yintayqni gahuc geshn hayxnde.

Gah hig Hac aparqn qala qayxs besagucis pekal hatsaguc maki yiskuc yintayqni tamarnucis budinam atanga karsi nababmi x’on gaha od xsapmde. 1.

______________.

2.

______________.

3.

______________.

4.

______________.

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Tamar nyav maxsap

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Yirc 5 Can 1: 1nuc ab ert

sovaga gaxs

Belina sova Qal ert Qayxs 1 Hac dungam yiskend qalatndis beckndnde 1.dontagucn

2.itsayqneshn

3.sum

4.atsina

Nabab aparqnuc oxh Qayxs 2

Zhardia masti yiskuci hareo? Atsina Belin masta yiskena gapa maxn yiskene. Atsina belina enaga ket atsndi soysi cilqan gaz’qi yiskuc pugam purstn wusa iratna yistene. Irata ucis baysnsuc bodin yapargenan yistene. Wűaga ket atsnda endaga pugi dontagucn eskay akumketn hanqi bá qeram qeramuc actis eti yevi yi ̋am gaxsasni itsayqneshn dos atangi yiskue. Puga Belin ket atsndis pugi yiskend sumi zhardia, cil ac’aga kursa gizio.

Puga endi yi ̋am yevi yiskuc bodi sova ita, mva bá maqis baqargucam dontuc petucis akim babi wusn soysi hayxi yistende. Atsina Belina bá ket atsndaga puga ucis bana baysnsueshn mva, sovaga baqis wusa baqi yistn puga ucis bavishini ichue. Ucam dontucis atsina Belina soysa tatsa gadene.

Belin nyava itsayqn bergi uc’a, sapma yiskendi soysi pursti yistend. Atsina belina eskay sova wusa kita eta yeva yiskuci ut petn ucan petnge maka soysa tatsa yistene. Ket atsndi soys cilpugam pursti yistuc nabi hacan petnge maka tatsa yisten.

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Tamar nyav maxsap

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Belina hanqa sova utis kita eta yevuc nabi itsayqn qabalqan sova simintam wohanga xur bombam kocn itsayqn kiti ucki yiskuc xuris zuka axaxasagi gazi eti hanqueshne.

Uc geshn atsina Belina akumketn hanqene. Wusa akum ketnhanqa

atagucn akum babi wusa yevuc nabis wű oxhu. Wusind bá ket atsndi purstn eta bana yevuc nabi tyapasa nasa akum babm pekal hayxen. Belina kita ucka bana yiskuc sovi sov ut petucis hayxen.

Ucam akum babi “Sovi ats nyaveshn shidan dyadneshn koysti yiskuc gahkan yi ̋ maxubaba gizio. Ucagon yi petasn sova ni yakucis har nyak ni ucnsuci koystargue. Sova ucnsuca, ucnsarguca ni badasnsuci koysti yiskue. Sova ucnsarguc masti yiskendi sova uta, sova toil yi ̋qan hanqi vyardi

yiskuca dumarnda gizio. Sova endis ucni ni tatsan actis yi ̋qan ni bokn

shidan ni wohn yi ̋qanend daxhi haybmsuci koysti yiskue. Uc geshnan ni ucnsue. Hamagi sova kiti ucki ni yiskuci xur bombamuc petan sova ucis paqalsnsi ni ucnsuci koysti yiskue.” Maki kitue. Akum babaga kit geshn Belina sovis kita bana eta wuagucn paqalsa kob-

sasnsa bá ket atsnda bana ucn puga hac aparqn wű ket atsndis pugi yistuci bavue. Uc kay esargi Belina yisn bana yiskuc gapm yiskend atsndeshn

hayxn atsnda endi sovi bana kitagucn paqalsi uckia kasi shik yiskuc akum ketn hanqi acta sovqan wohagucis eti yevi sova botam shidan zharkinqan yiskuckan akum babi hayxuc bodam yitsi ucki shidende. Nabab geshnuc oxh

Qayxs 3 Hac kamam yiskuc nababis yintayqn nababmuc geshn hac dungam yiskuc oxhis karsnde. 1.

Atsina Belina ket atsndi haraman purstadeo?

2.

Puga Belin ket atsndis pugi yiskend sumis hayxnde.

3.

Belina pug tuni haran maka tatsa yistadao?

4.

Belina akum bab kit geshn haran yitsadao?

5.

Akum babi har makian kitadeo?

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Tamar nyav maxsap

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Can 1: 2nuc ab ert Qal porsh Qayxs 4 Hac dungam yiskend qalaga porshis xsapmde. 1.

pug

2.

zhardia

3.

akum ket

4.

act

xsap Qayxs 5 Hac kamam yiskuc nababis yintayqni nababmuc geshn hac dungam yiskuc saxinqan yi ̋ gadna, yi ̋ dentna, yi ̋ wurna petuc gahis xsapmde.

Yi ̋ gadnuc

Yi ̋ dentnuc

Yi ̋ wurnuc

Qayxs 6 Hac dungam yiskuc x’on gahkan dirquc gah malat xsapmde. 1.

baygna gabm yista karta

2.

ni sumi oneo

3.

wo boyte

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Tamar nyav maxsap

7 kipil

Can 1: 3nuc ab ert Ibaram nabab Qayxs 7 Hac kamam nababa “Belina sova” maki yiskucis yintayqn katsis sisarguc yisti nababmde. Sisnsuc tarik

Qayxs 8

Nabab aparqnuc oxh Qayxs 9

Nababasni yiskucis sis Qayxs 10

Nabab geshnuc oxh

1.Nansa Shigira Dayma am kipil tamar nyave? 2.Nyave endi eska ert-ketn yista bana kartagucn haran qayxsi yisteo? 3.Sov tunqan ceci soye? Hareshn?

Gah hig Qayxs 11 Hac dungam yiskend qalam x’on gahis xsapmde. 1.harqan 3.harqanan 2.wosken 4.woskenan

Can 2: 4nuc ab ert Qal ert Qayxs 1 Hac dungam yiskend qalis xamnde. 1.yis-kend 2.giz-nda 3.ka-tsa-m

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Nabab aparqnuc oxh Qayxs 2 Sovi hareshnan gaxsi yisteo?

Qayxs 3 Hac dungam yiskuc nababis yintayqn kats sisarguc yisti nababmde.

Sova katsa Katsi itsayqneshn yiskend dyadneshn itsayqni bá katsam yistnsueshn koysti yiskuc gahnd dentkan yi ̋ maxubabi sova gizio. Ucam dontucis atsa, xsoxnda, giznda, kochnda bá katsam itsayqni yistnsueshn sovi koysti yiskue. Atsi sovis bá qeram qeramend gahndeshn gaxsasni yiskue. Gaxsa end yis-

ind: mv katseshna, guz maseshna, mav maseshna, ket qixsis yi ̋am maseshna gaxsasni yiskue. Kasi sovi utsi yiskuc gaxsa dumarsi korant gideshna, mesnoeshna, shav

irseshna, mv ap irseshna gizio. Ucam dontucis sov katsamendeshn ezaga gaxsan utsi yiskue. Atsaga guzqan sovi myataga qayxsis qayxsi yiskue. Qayxsa end yisind: mva dumarndaga acta dumarnda ats sutkan ibaram woptnsueshn gaxsi yiskue. Sovi kasi ats guzqan yiskend koystargend gahndi ibaram kesnsueshn gaxsi yiskue.

Sovi korantaga gideshn gaxs utsi yiskue. Uc yisind sovi koranteshn gid utsnsuc motoris dontsi yiskue. Ucam dod tohn yiskende korantag xhobtis yapmi ni haknsue.

Sovi mv apis irseshn soysi gaxsi yiskue. Uc yisind: obarent woli kayguc abam dodis ni kac’uc geshn mv apa amtseshn sama, timatima, babara qara, dichia dumarndais dutama sokama itsayqn debm sovis wohi iris gaxsasni ni haknsue. Sovaga gaxsi uc kay esarguca gisn sovis soy maki ni baqnsuci koysti yiskue. Sovi ni gizagisn soy maki yisi itnsargueshn ni baqnsuci koysti yiskue. Yi ̋ tun: “አማርኛ እንደ አፍ መፍቻ

የተማሪ መፀፅሃፍ 7ኛ ክፍል” maki yiskuckan

yisti pikni estuc

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Tamar nyav maxsap

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Nabab geshnuc oxh Qayxs 4 Hac kamam nababa “ sova katsa” makiyiskucis yintayqni nababmuc geshn hac dungam yiskuc saxinqan x’nc’nde.

Sovi oneshnkoysti yisteo?

Sovaga gaxs

1. 2. 3. 4.

1. 2. 3. 4.

________ ________ ________ ________

________ ________ ________ ________

Can 2: 5nuc ab ert Qal porsh Qayxs 5 Hac dungam yiskend qalaga porshis xsapmde 1.Obarent 3.Korant 2.Wolent 4.gid

xsap Qayxs 6 Hac kamam xsapa “ sova katsa” maki yiskuc harkuc xsapa maxis tatsnsi xsapmde.

Can 2: 6nuc ab ert Ibaram nabab Qayxs 7 Hac kamam xsapa “ sova katsa” maki yiskuci budinam yintayqni nababmuc geshn hayxnde.

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Hayx Qayxs 8 Hac kamam “ sova katsa” maki yiskuc yintayqni nababmucis donti yintayqnkipilqan yiskend nalndeeshn hayxnde.

Gah hig Qayxs 9 Hac aparqn yintayqn tamarnend qala wosken, harqan maki yiskendam gaxsasangi paragirapa maxis xsapmde.

Can 3: 7nuc ab ert

Qal ert Qayxs 1 Hac dungam yiskend qal becki besnde. 1.yiskendeshn

3.gaxsasnsuci

2.Katsaemendi

4.haydrozhina

nabab aparqnuc oxh Qayxs 2 Sov gaxsas bodis hayxnde.

Nabab Qayxs 3 Hac dungam “Sovis gaxsas bod” maki yiskuc nababis yintayqn katsis sisarguc yisti nababmde.

Sovis gaxsas bod Sovi koca, zola, pena xsabay yisn yiskuc saqa gizio. Sov haydrozhina oksizhina saqa gizio. Sovi katsi itsayqneshn yiskendeshn ezaga gaxsan utsi yiskue. Katsaemendi sovi kayguc kutsn bá katsam yisti haknsargende. Ucagisn sova ucis xishama zonama ni gaxsasnsuci koysti yiskue.

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Tamar nyav maxsap

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Sovi yi ̋qan yisti yabsti yiskuci tuni yiskue. Tuna end yisind: sova tunqana, bahara, wuqianusa dumarnda gizio.

Sova end debm obari woptnsue. Ucam sova uci zyaxsa xharn penxi hamtsue. Bana hanquc geshn dubdni duldul atnue. Bana atuc geshn karti wol ati dodn buki yiskue. Sayntistndi uca sovi penxi xharqan ati geshn karti wol ati yiskuc bodis sov gud maki xsegi yiskende. Sovis xhimchi uceshn peshi ezaga gida, giza koy yiskue. Sovis ni no-

tagucn xhima soy harki yiskue. Ucagon yisi petasn sova uc gobqan apam bestargen bayresa, bakteria masti yiskendi yistni haknsende.

Ucagisn sovis ni ucarguc aparqn soy maki xhimchasnsi ni ucnsuci koysti

yiskue. Uc eshn aparqn sova wolqana sovqna yisti yabsti yiskucis ni geqnsuci koysti yiskue. Uc geshn sova uckan bá qeram qeramend kemikalis yi ̋qan yitsnsi ni ucnsuci koysti yiskue.

Sovi wurni haknsuc dyadagisn xisham ni gaxsasnsuci koysti yiskue. Yi ̋ tun: “አማርኛ እንደ አፍ መፍቻ

የተማሪ መፀፅሃፍ 7ኛ ክፍል” maki

yiskuckan yisti pikni estuc

Nabab geshnuc oxh Qayxs 4 Hac kamam “ sov gaxs bod” maki yiskuc nababis yintayqni nababmuc geshn hac dungam yiskuc oxhis karsnde. 1. Sovi hareo? 2. Sovi hara bana bá saqangi yisteo? 3. Sovi yi ̋qan yabsti yiskend tunis hayxnde. 4. Sov gud maki hareo? 5. Sov kayguc yistn katsamend gahndi yisti hakashidngo? Wosasam?

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Can 3: 8nuc ab ert Qal ert Qayxs 5

Hac dungam yiskend qalatndeshn ingargend porshis xsapmde. Amts: yix = wog 1.sov _______ 2.gobm _______ 3.syap _______ 4.qingal _______

Xsap Qayxs 6 Hac kamam nabab “ sov gaxs bod” maki yiskucis yintayqni nababmuc geshn karsi yi ̋ ap gahis uyntsi xsapmde.

Hayx

Qayxs 7

Budinam budinam yintayqn qodnde. Uc geshn yintayqn gapm yiskend atsndi wosasaman sov gaxsasni yistan ochnangi hayxnde.

Gah hig Qayxs 8 Sum petend qala tamis hac dungam yiskuc kutsa galqan xsapmde. 1.

______

2.

______

3.

______

4.

______

5.

______

6.

______

7.

______

8.

______

9.

______

10.

______

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Can 3: 9uc ab ert Ibaram nabab Sova gaxs bod Nabab aparqnuc oxh Qayxs 1 Hac dungam estuc oxhis aparqnuc yintayqn ertam gaxsasi karsnde. Ibaram yintayqn nababmnsueshn har nabab bodan gaxsasi yisteo?

Nabab Qayxs 2 “Sov gaxs bod” maki yiskuc nabab yintayqn katsis konq maknsi nababmnde.

Hayx Qayxs 3

•Wo tamar nyavndo! Yintayqn gapm yiskuc sovis wosasaman yintayqn gap atsi gaxsasni yistan yi ̋ tohn gahnde. Gah hig Petuca petarguca oxh malata x’on gahnd

Qayxs 4 Hac dungam estend x’on gahndis petuca Hac dungam estend x’on gahndis petuca petarguca oxh malata maki badasi amtsa estuc bodam yi ̋ apm xsapmnde. Amts : Nansa Kouzhui ert ketn omtan hanqu. Petuc x’on gah Nama Shoyta woytan ert ketn hamargen. Petarguc x’on gah Kozhua Shoyta ert ketn hanqaso? Oxh malat 1. Z’ongi mv zara gizio. 2. Tá babi ersasaguca gizio. 3. Ni sumi oneo? 4. Tá baya qayxsesasargene. Hac dungam yiskend qalatndeshn ingargend porshis xsapmde. Amts: yix = wog 1. Sov = _______ 2. Gobm = _______ 3. Syap = _______ 4. Qingal = _______

Qayxs 5

Budinam budinam yintayqn qodnde.Uc geshn yintayqn gapm yiskend atsndi wosasaman sov gaxsasni yistan ochnangi hayxnde. Gah hig

Qayxs 6 Sum petend qala tamis xsapmde.

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Yirc 6 Can 1: 1nuc ab ert

Atsa bana dyam Qal ert Qayxs 1 Hac dungam yiskend qal becki besnde 1.gamxangi 2.hastnanga 3.beqarane 4.beystangae

Nabab aparqnuc oxh Qayxs 2 Dobaa, ela, kura tosis eri yistan yintayqn nalndeshn hayxnde. Hac dungam tarika Dodba, ela, kura” maki yiskucis yintayqn katsis sisarguc yisti nababmde.

Dodba, ela, kura Maxn goqn dodbai beli soysi yi ̋ beysam bá ketn gobm surqnsi yistu. Ela yi ̋

dadn hanqa ket purn bana atuc geshn digasen. Ucam dodbai bana wű dig-

asuc geshn ket wusa vyarda woge makn ketn vyarda wogen. Uc geshn «Wo tyato! Hareshan surqnsi yistagio?» maka oxhen. Dodbah yisind «Beystan-

gae!» maki hayxu. El wusind «Mvis hanqa yintn eta wunda?» maka oxhen.

Ucam tyatind «Soye!» makend. El wusind kura mat mva yistn wű dadn ata «Ha kure! Tyatndi ‹Haybmi gamxangi kura wun wusn tá gizis hastnanga ta

haybe› maki hayxende» maka kurn hayxen. Kur wusind el xsixs siska tyatnd dadn hast siska yi ̋ gizis etna ata bá hays tyatndaga non yitsen. Tyatind wű haya maxis xhogi etu.

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Kura «Ha el! Hanch wos maka ne táam hayxnsan tá hays tyatndi xhogadeo?» maka oxhagucn el wusind «Ha kure! Ne erargue tyat-

nd hay beqarane? Bá haywoxn ní hay hatsnian hareo. Hac kasi tyatndi dadn ne hamm nim

yi ̋

wurnuc hast hayxe» makn kura karta hanqa tyatnd

non bá hay yitsnsa hast sisna makagucn tyatndi wű

haya max qazqu. Uc geshn kura karta ata «Ha el! Ne tá kitn hanqa tá hays yí shayi muxhamarada» maka el debm keven. El wusind «Ne erargue. Tyatndi ní

hayis yi ̋ shayi bá haywoxn hatsamarage. Esn hastan-

an

hanqa siso» maka hayxn kur wusind tyatnd dadn kar-

ta

hamm wű unkis xhogi etu geshn kura «Ne hayxa yisku kitis esn ta siskae» maken. El wusind «Esa! Tyatndi ní

hays bá haywosn ní unkis bá unkosn atsnsuagi yi ̋ wurnuc hastis hayxnsue» maka ela kurn hayxn kur wusind yi ̋ wurnuc hast sisna karta tyatnd dadn hamagucn wű

uxi tyatndi ba tyavu geshn «Ha ele! Tá katsi karta maknsi yi ̋ deba hacis eta táam ne perta yistn wonsan dutam ta mve» maki deba ucis wusn utsu.

El wusind eta hanqa deb mva boknsagucn tyatndi ati «Ha el! Omtanuc debis eta wuo» maki eln hayxu. Ucam el wusind «El tyata uzbalo! aqasuc kobs mvargende!» maka wu dodban karsn shidas masta.

Nabab geshnuc oxh Qayxs 3 Hac kamam ”Dodba, ela, kura” maki yiskuc yintayqni nababmuc geshn budinam yintayqn qodnde. Uc geshn tarika ucis diramam qayxsnde.

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Can 1: 2nuc ab ert Qayxs 4 Hac dungam yiskend qal porshis hayxnde. 1.pert 3.el 2.xhog

4.muxh

xsap Qayxs 5 Hac kamam tarika ”Dod ba, ela, kura” maki yiskucis yintayqni nababmuc geshn uc harkuc tarikis tatsnsi xsapmde.

Can 1: 3nuc ab ert Ibaram Qayxs 6 Hac kamam tarikia ”Dod ba, ela, kura” maki yiskucis budinam yisti nababmde. Uc geshn yintayqni kay yisti nababmde. Sisnsuc tarik

Sisnsuc tarikis sis Qayxs 7 Yintayqn ersasaguci nababmi yiskucis haysi sisnde. Sisnsuc tarik geshnuc oxh Qayxs yintayqni siskuc tariki haran hayxi yistan hayxnde.

Gah hig Qayxs 8 Hac aparqn yintayqni tamarnend gah malatndis suma gaxsa xsapmde.

Can 2: 4nuc ab ert Benc’ yep dosis wosasasagisan hayxnde. Can 2

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Benc’ yep dos Benc’i ertstani yiskuagi

Nyava bavuc abmi sisn;

Benc’i wobskangi yiskuagi

Nyava bavuc nalndi atn

Benc’ dodn yep dosi

Dayn kutsi kursn;

Benc’ gapm ayn dosi

bam yishnsendi hamm

Atsa iqi bavagucn

Wox saxini yeshangi yistn;

Atsa iqi haybagucn

wox saxini qanagi yistn

Nyava bavuc guzi masn

Bami woramagucn;

ucham go-inchi gixsn

sari keskamagucn

Nyava bavuci xsyaxsasn

Buyxi vyardnsargueshn;

yi ̋ guzi gabiam kabasn Go-inchn sutsnsi;

yi ̋ qerqan qoy yitsnsi

kumtsi paknsargueshn Inchi dosti; mahi caypmangi Bam debm yitsnsue

Puri parstn; magi gixsn

buxi vyardnsargueshna

Koch-boki syahasn; gapi maqn

Bam debm tastnsue

Wuwuy keysn; yilashi xup’m

koch hayi vyardnsargueshna

siskuc zosi atn

ucaman yeski yiskue

shiknuc ingi atn Esnan garstnsue; esnan erstnsue Esnan erstnsue onagai bavasana Esnan sistnsue haucagi hayqasana Uc geshn qayxsnsuci; Uc geshn yitsnsuci

Gad nyavn wosi titsn zyamm wosi titsn

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Qayxs 1 Hac kamam ”Benc’ yep dos” maki yiskuc nababis yintayqni nababmuc geshn hac dungam yiskuc oxhis karnde. 1.”Benc’i wobskangian yiskue” maki hareo? 2.Atsa iqi bavagucn maki hareo? 3.Nyava buc qerqan haragi yitsi yisteo? 4.Woskenan zosi xsestnseo? 5.Sar masti yiskuci hareo?

Can 2: 5nuc ab ert Qayxs 2 Hac dungam yiskend qal porsh hayxnde. 1.go-inch 2.pur 3.yilash 4.gadnyav 5.dayn

xsap Qayxs 3 Hac kamam gixima ”Benc’ yep dos” maki yiskucis yintayqni nababmuc geshn Benc’dodn cet nyavaga wox yepaga doseshn gixim ats oxhi xsapmde.

Can 3: 6nuc ab ert Ibaram nabab Qayxs 4

Budinam yintayqn qodnde. Uc geshn hac kamam gixima ”Benc’ yep dos” maki yiskucis nababmde. Uc geshn yintayqn kay yisti nababmde.

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Hayx Qayxs 5 Hac kamam gixima ”Benc’ yep dos” maki yiskucis nababmsi hayxnde.

Gah hig Qayxs 6 Hac dungam yiskend gah dyamasagend qalam x’on gahis xsapmde. 1.uc eshn 2.ucam 3.ucagisn 4.yi ̋am

Can 3: 7nuc ab ert Qal ert Qayxs 1 Hac dungam yiskend qalis qodi besnde. 1.

bazhi

2.

yistueshn

3.

erstangi

4.

qayxsndi

nabab nabab aparqnuc oxh Qayxs 2 Bazham qayxs maki hareo? Hac dungam yiskuc nababa ”Bazham qayxs” maki yiskucis yintayqn kats sisarguc yisti nababmde.

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Bazham qayxs Bazh masti yiskuci atsa soy nalni yiskendi namas shidan kazas atangi bá

qayxsis taram taram max atam yi ̋am qayxsaguca gizio. Bazhi Benc’ atsaga qayxs doskan erstangi yiskuc soyaga qayxs dosa gizio.

Ucam dontuc nasa Dorteta yi ̋ tokasnda Budyaba, Komtukesa endi bazhaga gaxsi myat petucis xisham bana era yistueshn bazham qayxsi myat qop yaki yiskende.

Nasa Dorteta yi ̋ tokasnda bazham bá qeram qeramend qayxsndis qayxsi yiskende. Qayxsa end yisind: gyav aka, z’ong toka, dichi duqa, ut goca, gach boka, gos boka, temp’ boka, atar boka, baqar boka dumarnd qayxsa gizio. Bazham qayxsi ezaga gaxs yapsi yiskue. Gaxsa end yisind: bazh babi bá bazhn gizis koystarguc bodam myat pakasnsargue. Bazham qayxsi atsaga max atis zoysi yiskue.

Qayxsa ezis uynx abam qayxsi ni wursnsueshn gaxsi yiskue. Qayxsis yi ̋ yarmam qayxsi ni wursnsueshn gaxsi yiskue. Meluc mv api wolam dekasni itnsargueshn bitasi ni dubdasi ketn vyarsnsueshn gaxsi yiskue. Bazham qayxsi qayxsi yiskuci aparqn atsa bazhasndi hanqi bá qayxsis qayxsi yistnsende. Bazha uci qayxsi yistagucn mayna mva, gyava yisn eta hamsene. Gyava, uca, mvais bazhni yiskend atsndi doysn bá qayxs kamm wognsi mvi bá gyav ucki kashnsende. Mva bana uckuc geshn kasi karti donti bá qayxsis bana hakucwoxn qayxsnsi baxn hamsende. Hac kamam bazhaga gaxsi myat petucis ni tamarnue. Ucagisn ni ̋ bergi iqn

qayxseshn ni beshan ni ̋ babmnd qayxs dos bodam ni ̋ nalnda nina bazham ni qayxsnsuci koysti yiskue.

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Nabab geshnuc oxh Qayxs 3 Hac kamam bazham qayxs maki yiskuc nababis yintayqni nababmuc geshn hac dungam yiskuc saxinqan x’onc’nde.

Bazham qayxsi ezaga gaxs yapsi yiskue. Bazham qayxs

Can 3: 8nuc ab ert Qal porsh

Qayxs 4 Hac dungam yiskend qal porsh hayxnde. 1.bazh 3.konda 2.qad 4.gez 5. wop’

Xsap Qayxs 5

Budinam budinam yintayqn qodnde. Uc geshn yintayqn gapm bazham qayxsi yiskuc qayxsa maxis kursnsi xsapmde. Uc geshn yintayqn nalndeshn nababmi sisnde.

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Xsapaga hig Qayxs 6 Yintayqn ersasaguci nababmi yiskend uc’ qalatndis yintayqn dabtarn xsapmde 1.

________

2.

________

3.

________

4.

________

Can 3: 9nuc ab ert Ibaram nabab Qayxs 7 Hac kamam bazham qayxs maki yiskuc nababis budinam uc geshn yintayqn kay yisti nababmde.

Hayx Qayxs 8 Hac kamam xsapa bazham qayxs maki yiskucis nababmsi hayxnde.

Gah hig Qayxs 9 Hac aparqn gah dyamasaguc yintayqni tamarnucis karsi woshnde.

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Yirc 7 Can 1: 1nuc ab ert

Xhat tayv Qal ert Xam Qayxs 1

Hac dungam estend amtsis xisham nababmsi yi ̋ dungam yiskuc qalis xami

besnde, Amts:

To-p’i-qan

Top’iqan

1.ga-xsa-sni 2.i-tsay-qn-de-shn

_______________ _______________

3.do-se-shn

_______________

4.du-ma-rsn-de-shn _______________ 5.na-bm-sar-gu-e-shn______________

Nabab Xhat tayv Qayxs 2 Nabab aparqnuc oxh A.Hac dungam yiskend qalatndaga porshis hayxnde: Top’i, gamtsi, arc, xhat, araq B. Atsi har nabeshn xhat tyavi yisteo? C.Xhat tyavi godi eri yiste? hareshn?

Tarikis nabab Qayxs 3 “Xhat tyav” maki yiskuc tovqan estend nababis yintayqn qaris sisargu shidan sasam yintayqn kay nababmnde.

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Xhat tayv Hacaga abqan no doda Top’iqan xhat tyavi yisken atsnid pyadi gebian yevi yiskue.Kac’i haqagendi ká qaxs kam wogasi xhatis toki yisuc aba gizio.

Gapa kangucn xhati gosti yiskuca yi ̋ qopi qazqi hanqi yiskucagi besti yiskue. Enda yitsi yiskendi xhatis tyavi shidan gaxsasni yiskuc atsi geb petucan besi yiskue. Xhat tyavi atsaga dig debma giz debma ats kats debma wogasi irat hatsi yiskue. Xhat tyavi yiskend atsndi itaga doseshn ati yiskende.Itayqndeshn digi yistnsargue. Bá qayxs abis xhat tyavi beshasi kasi bá gizis xhateshn goteshn peshi iratn woxi yiskende.Itsayqn dyamitini dumarsndeshn petnsue.Soyaga yitsagon itsayqndeshn yistasn atsnd dentkan soyaga dyamitini itsay-

qndeshn yistnsargue.Ucam dontucis bá kay petni haknsende. Xhat tyavi atsaga dig debm wogaga irat hatsi yiskende.Xhat tyavi deb tatseshn kobcaga zola kazha utsnsi karsi taheshna irateshna hatsi yiskue.Kasi dap dap maki yisti cil koynteshna mvaga uli kobcnsueshn hatsi yiskue.Apam bestargend pugndis no guza pug nabagendi nabmsargueshn gamtsi yiskue. Gom pug shidan samba pugeshn hatsi yiskue.Noni celnsueshna gashi itnsueshn hatsi yiskue.Kasi piknqan xola sutaga cani xsunsueshn hatsi yiskue. Dumarsaga pugam ats nyav guzi gaxnsueshn hatsi yiskue.Xhat tyavi bá qer egam nyvndeshnd atni haknsue.Xhat tyavi yiskend bay dadn nyav arcndi

soysi xyamaga kazgnis yapmsargende.Uc bodam navnda arci soysi iqnsargende. Xhat tyavagu abam goqn dos uxaagenda bani gaxsasni yi yiskuci eratangi yiskue.Amtseshn: sukar tyava, eski yiskend ucndis qugia, damba uca xhati bana tyavaman araq uca hayxasni yiskende.

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Sukaris wogasi gaxsasni kasi sukar pugi itsayqndeshn yiskend atsndeshn pugi bá qazqi hamsueshn hatsi yiskue.Damba uci wogasi gom pugeshna nay pugeshna hatsi yiskue.Araq uci it kaysaragi xhat tyavi yiskend atsndis byatn vyarsi yiskue.Xhat tyavi araq ucki yiskend atsndi koystargu mayna vyana dyameshn shidan sudeshn hatsi yiskue.Ucisnd mayna vyana dyam puga ech ay bi edis pugeshn hatsnsue. Xhat tyavi digis bays debm qazqi gizis pakasi yiskue.Xhat tyavi yiskend atsndi kang woyn xhat ba gotnsueshn giz kesi yiskende.Uc egam kasi

bá qayxsis shicnsi abis xhat tyavqan peshi yiskende.Ucam dontucis bá ket-atsndis ba hansueshn iratni yiskende.Ket-atsnd cun bava, dap dap maki besa mashta pntsnsueshn hatsi yiskue. Ats nyavi bá badam badamuc bodam dyami yiskende.Aynama, kazhama, qayxsma dumar dumar bodam dyami bá yixis zoysi yiskende.Xhat tyavi yiskend atsndi gah dentkan dosam ustnangi bá abis xhat tyavn wursi yiskende.Ucam ats dentkan itsayqndeshn esti yiskuc wobsi kobca gizio

Ba kangi xhat tyavi it petucis ats nyavi ernsuci koysti yiskue.Beshasi dig debma giz debma ats debma codaga iratis hatsi yiskue.Qayxsaga dosis gamtsi yiskue.Yi petueshn ats nyavi xhat tyavi it yi petucis ernsi bá qeris baqnsuci koysti yiskue. Yi ̋ tuni (ከአበሻ ድረገጽ)፡፡

Nabab geshnuc oxh Qayxs 4 Hac dungam sanxarazh gobm estend amtsaga bodam xhat tyavi hatsi yiskuc iratis xsapnde.

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Amts • •

Giz debm irat hatsi yiskue.

• • • • • • •

Qayxs 5 Hac kamam “Xhat tyav”maki yiskuc nababis yintayqni xisham nababmuc geshn hac dungam estuc oxhis karsnde. 1. •

Xhat tyavi har pugeshn hatsi yisteo?

• • • •

Can 1: 2nuc ab ert Qal porsh Qayxs 6 Hac dungam estend qlndeshn harkni yiskend porshis xsapmnde. 1.geb 2.kazh 3.celnsueshn 4.esksy 5.iratn

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Xsap Tarikis xsap Qayxs 7 Wo tamar nyavndo! “shav” maki yiskuc tarik toh gaxsasnsi kaz paragirap xsapnde.Yintayqni xsapagucn gah malatndis ibaram gaxsasni yintayqi xsapnsuci koysti yiskue.

Xsapaga hig Giramatikal katsa yirca konqa Giramatikal katsa yirca konqa masti yiskuci xsapkan itsayqn debm malatis ni yitsarguc yistan itsayqn porshis badasi ni haknsargenda gizio. Hac dungam sanxarazha yiskuckan yiskucis xisham nababmnde. Ba Bá

yi yi ̋

wu wű

ni ní

nű ni ̋

ta tá

Qayxs 8 Hac kamam estend giramatikal qalam x’on gah xsapi besnde. Amts : Nam baya bá simar masken.

Ni ̋ dorndi bava maki yiavndi yeki yistende. 1.______________________ 2.______________________ 3.______________________ 4.______________________ 5.______________________

Qayxs 9

Hac dungam saxinqan yiskendis yi ̋ dungam kutsa gala yiskuckan kursa x’onc’o. bá ba

yi ̋ yi

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Nasa bá mashta Maxn goqn nasa ___ mashta pashtni keta maxqan yistend. Wusa dutam donta ___ gyav cacka buna ___ kesu geshn ___ bes dadn ___ nyav woswusn nyavi ___ xsegn nasi ___ gyav ucni atu geshn ___ tokasndi

___ kangi xsesti dubdnend. Uc geshn ___ gyava uci soski qup’argu shidu.

Ucam ___ besi petuc gaham yanqi donti ___ masht dekn atsnda gyav ucni yevendi shidangi karti its cobqan vyardende masta.

Can 1: 3nuc ab ert Ibaram nabab Xhat tyav Nabab aparqnuc oxh Qayxs 10 “Xhat tyav” maki yiskuc 1nuc can 1nuc abm yintayqni nababmuckan yintayqni eri yiskucis hayxnde.

Tarikis nabab Qayxs 11 Yintayqn ersasagendi hayxi yiskuc bodam “Xhat tyav” maki yiskuc tovqan estuc nababis karsi soy maki nababmnde.

Sisnsuc tarik Damba uc Sisnsuc tarik aparqnuc oxh Qayxs 12 Damba uci har irat hatsnseo ? yintayqn budin gahnsi yintayqn nalndeshn hayxnde.

sis Qayxs 13 “Dmda uc” maki yiskuc tovqan estuc nababi nababasn soysi haysi sisknsi yintayqn maxsapkan estend oxhndesh kart utsnde.

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Sisnsuc tarik geshnuc oxh Qayxs 14 1.Damba uci gadasnuci onam goqneo? 2.Damba gobqan yiskend kemikalndi hareo? 3.Damba gobm wogasi atsis dos uxasaguci hanuceo?

Gah hig Shidan “Shidan” maki yiskuci maxaga gahis ats nyavi kursi yiskuc petucis besi yiskuc qala gizio. Amts

•Cer shidan zoq paris gotna ta tatsa yiskue. •Xhil shidan dal suris ta cuna yiskue. •Xsid shidan zoqi tá haxhi yiskue.

Qayxs 15 Hac dungam estend amtsaga bodam “Shidan” maki yiskuc qalis gaxsasangi yi ̋am bá badam badamend uc’ x’on gah qayxsnde.

1.___________________________________ 2.___________________________________ 3.___________________________________ 4.___________________________________ 5.___________________________________

Can 2: 4nuc ab ert Nabab Dosaga irat Nabab aparqnuc oxh Qayxs 1 A.Hac dungam estend qalndeshn porsh hayxnde. dos xhat damba araq B.Dosi hatsi yiskuc iratis eri yistade? Yintayqn nalndeshn qalam hayxnde.

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Tarikis nabab Dosaga irat Dosi max karta bana dosnuc geshn eskay ulasi uts uts maki yiskuc dosa gizio.Dosis ats uxasnagend xsoxsqan danba uca, xhat tyava, araq uca erstangi yiskenda gizio.Endayqndi bana dosnu geshn eskay ats nyavi ucnsueshna tyavnsueshna iratsi shidan ulasi yiskend dosnda gizio.Uc nabam ats nyavndi dosndam usti yiskenda gizio.Dosa endi kasi dig debma, giz debma, ats debma iratis hatsi yiskenda gizio. Damba uc Dosndaga xsoxsqan maxubab petuci damba gobqan “Nikotin” masti yiskuc gah uxnsi ats nyav zoysasi dos uxaseshn gidi yiskue.Dambai nikotinam kasi 4000 kamam kemikalndis uxnsa bana yiskueshn digeshn ita gizio.Damba ucki yiskend atsndi damba x’ubis shidan caris gomi bana goc’agugoqn enda kemikalndi it-

sayqn guzn paknsende.Ucaga naban gom pugeshna, kansereshna dumarn pugeshna ustni haknsende.Wucndi hayxi yiskuc woxn damba ucki yiskend atsndi ucargenda bana xsotsasnan gom kanseram beshasi usti shidan tam womts usti yiskende. Damba dosi dig irat egam kasi giz debm irat hatsi yiskue.Dosi itsayqndeshn yiskend atsndi max damba bana ucku geshn dumarsis ucargu

yusti kobc aban yistni haknsende.Ucaga nabam damba dosi yekn yekn atsi ucnsueshn hatsi yiskue.Ucisnd damba goteshn atsi giz kesnsueshn hatsi yiskue.Damba ban uca shidan yanqia baxhia bá qayxsis ibaram qayxsni haknsargende. Damba uc woxn kasi xhat tyavi dos uxasi yiskue.Xhati dos uxaseshn gidi

yiskue.Uc nabam dosam ustangi yiskend atsnd debm bá badam badamuc irat ati yiskue.

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Xhat dosam usti qayxsaga dosis gamtsi yi yiskueshn atseshn petasi dod iqeshn ita gizio.Xhataga dosi gashn gadnsi bá badam badamend ats nyav guzqan irat hatsi ats nyavi soysi tatsnsargueshn irat hatsi yiskue.Wogasi cet nyava wor nyava bá nyav bergam tamarnsargueshna qayxsis qayxsnsargueshna kep’ ati qayxs etkua erateshna yanqeshna ati yiskende. Araq uci xhata damba kobcargu dos uxasi yiskue.Araq uc dosi digaga debm irat hatsa gireshna hatsi yiskue.Araq uci goz’qa bana yiskueshn baxheshna bukeshna it qayxseshna hatsi yiskue.Goz’aga it bana qayxsu geshn goz’i bavaman karti ayni yiskende.Uci karsa karsa yanqis bana hatsa yiskueshn

dig debm irat hatsi yiskue.Max maxa araq dosi itsayqneshn yiskendi damba doseshna xhat doseshna atni haknsende.Uci kasi irate womtsam petnsue. Bá kangi dosndi diga giza debm irat hats egam kasi atsnd xsoxsqan wobsis yapmsargueshn hatsi yiskue.Dosi atsiats bá maxa bana dosnsargueshn hatsi bá kay yi petnsueshn hatsi yiskue.Dosi wogasa bana qazqu geshn yisi shchnsargueshn yi ̋ qaysi yiskue.Bá qer bayseshn hatsi yiskue.Uceshn dosi bá badam badamuc iratis yi hatsi yiskuc petucis no ernsuci koysti yiskue. Yi ̋ tuni (ሪፖርተር፡፡ሰኔ 7፡2006፡፡የትምባሆ ነገር፡፡መጠነኛ ለዉጥ ተደርጎበት የተወሰደ፡፡)

Nabab geshnuc oxh Qayxs 2 Hac kamam “Dosaga irat”maki yiskuc nababis yintayqni xisham nababmuc geshn hac dungam estuc oxhis xsapi karsnde. 1.

Dos ats uxasagendi hanendeo?

2.

Damba gobm yiskend kemikalndi har masti yiskendeo?

3.

Damba uci har pugeshn hatsi yisteo?

4.

Xhat tyavi har irat hatsnseo?

5.

Araq uci har zar irat hatsnseo?

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Can 2: 5nuc ab ert Qal porsh Qalndeshn harknarged porsh uts Qayxs 1 Hac dungam estend qalndeshn harknharend ingasnde.

“A”

“B”

1.uc 2.irat 3.kobc 4.gamtsi 5.cet nyav 6.qayxsamuc Xsap Tarikis xsap

A.wor nyav B.wog C.kazh D.qayxsetkuc E.mv G.zoysi

Naba qopa bodam anqaxs xsap

Qayxs 2 Wo tamar nyavndo! “Araq uc” maki yiskuc tarik tohis gaxsasnsi naba qopa bodam od paragirap xsapnde.

Xsapaga hig Qayxs 3 Hac dungam pikni xsapargend qalndis pikasi xsapi x’on gah qayxsnde. 1.uci arq ats goci yiskue. 2.kac’i qayxsn xhimchn tamarnend qopas atsndi ba vyardan petnsende soy. 3. shav kac’i xhimcheshn wursende dogi atsndi. 4.ech ay bi edisi uxnsue bá atsndis xishargend.

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Can 2: 6nuc ab ert Ibaram nabab Dosaga irat Nabab aparqnuc oxh Qayxs 4 “Dosaga irat” maki yiskuc nababqan yintayqni tatsi eri yiskucis yintayqn

nalndeshn wodam wodam donti hayxnde. Tarikis nabab Hac kamam “Dosaga irat” maki yiskuc nababis aparqn budinam

nababmnde. Uc geshn yintayqn kay yisti nababmde. Yi ̋ wurn haran yintayqni nababmasan yintayqn ersasagucn hayxnde.

Hayx Morstn Qayxs 5 Wo tamar nyavndo! araq uci ats godi yiskuca kasi ats godi erargu maki yiskuc debm nam budin atangi morstnde.Wo ersasagendo! morstni qaysasendeshn soysi x’actasnde.

Gah hig Hac dungam estuc amtsaga bodam wurargend x’on gahis ibaram x’onc’i xsapnde.

Amts :Dos uxasagendi ats godi yiskuca gisn … Dos uxasagendi ats godi yiskuca gisn dosn yista no badne. 1.Damba uci gom pug eti yivi yiskueshn 2.Kelasi xhat dosi yi ̋ uxueshn

3.Nasi dosam bana ustanga yiskueshn 4.Nama Marta bá icha bana 5.Ech ay bi edisi bá xishargend atsndis

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Can 3: 7nuc ab ert Qal ert Beck Qayxs 6

Hac dungam estuc amts bodam yi ̋ dungam kutsa gala yiskuckan qalatndis qodi besnde. Amts:

dumarndi du-ma-rn-di

1.dosasnagendi _____________ 2.haknsargende _____________ 3.badnsuci

_____________

4.gostanqi

_____________

Nabab Dosasnagendqan yisti badn bod Nabab aparqnuc oxh Qayxs 7 A.Hac dungam estend qalaga porshis hayxnde: Badn, nalnd, gibat, B. Dos uxasagendam ust maki har makeo? C.Dos uxasagendqan yisti badni hakasnse? Wosasam?

Tarikis nabab Dosasnagendqan yisti badn Dosasnagendi damba uca xhat tyava araq uca bá badam badamend zarnd dosam yevi yiskuca gizio.Max max atsi dumarndi yitsn beqnsi yitsi dosam usti yiskende. Wogasi cet nyava wornyava damba uca xhat tyavai erta woga hatsi beqi yiskende.Ucam dontucis xhat tyavia damba ucnia gadi yiskende.Dap dap maki doseshn ati yiskende.Max maxi kasi dosam ustangi yiskend bá nalnd cuneshn maki doskan vyardi yiskende.Bá qeris bana tatsa erargushn iratn woxi yiskendi geba gizio. Dosam ustend atsndi gebaga irati itsayqndeshn dyami yiskue.Bá qeris bana koyuc woxn detsasni haknsargende.Itsayqndis detsasi yiskuci xhat tyava damba uca du-

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marnda gizio.Xhat tyava damba ucai báeshn kazhasi yiskuca ayn bá kesnsuca hatsi beqi yiskende.Ucam xhat tyava damba uca dosn endi giz pertni haknsargende.Itsayqn guzeshn digi yistnsargue.Gap atsnd dentkan soyam yistni haknsargende. Dosasnagendqan yisti badn bod Dosndam ustend atsndi yi ̋qan yisti badnsuci koysti yiskue.Uceshn bá qer erta soyaga nalnd kursa bá ket atsndeshn tatsa bá qeris doskan yitsa bana badnsueshn hatsa gizio.Bá qer ert maki baeshn bá badam badamuc oxhis oxhi koysti yiskue.Amtseshn tana onao? Wonsan har atna ta koya yistao? tá ket atsndi tá dadn har baqi yisteo? har ta qayxsan ta tatsuc kutsn atna haknsao? Maki yiskend oxhndis bá qereshn shirshi oxhi báis yisi ernsuci koysti yiskue.Enda oxhndieshn kart utsi kangucn bá qer bomi bá qer eraga boda gizio. Dosa uceshn gostanqi yiskend atsndi yi ̋qan yista bá potnsueshn yah itsi maknsui koysti yiskue.Yah maki itsi shichuci besnsui koysyi yiskue.Itaga dosa uckan yista bá kesan soya pyaxsnas atsa ata bá qer hakaguc ats bá atnsu petucis itsi gibatnsui koysti yikue.Ats bana soyam bá yistnsueshn itaga doskn yisti itsi haknsui koysti yiskue.Ucagisn itaga doskan yisti potni keseshn yah maki gibati koysti yiskue.Itaga doskan yisti ní kesnsueshn ibaraga bodi soyaga nails kursa gizio.Uceshn ita dosamenend atsnda bani nal ati itaga dosan ustargend atsnd debm ezaga irat atsnsue.Yi ̋ nabind bá nalaga cunqan bana bad atnsargueshn maki bá koytarguc gahqan vyardi haknsue.Amtseshn damba ucki yiskenda xhat tyavi yiskenda bayeshn pikni yiskuc gahi kangi bá nalndeshnd pik harki besti yiskueshn damba ucargenda xhat tyavargenda bá doskn vyardo maki goc’I yiskende.Uc yisnd its nala dumarsndis itaga dosam gostuc atsi haknsue. Irata uckan ní kesnsueshn soyaga nails noti xishi ní kursnsui koysti yiskue. Dumars qazi kasi itaga doskan yisti ní haknsuc bodi ni ̋ ket atseshn tats yitsa gizio. Itaga dosamuc atsi bá qera bá ket atsa besi haknsargue. Amtseshn damba ucki yiskuc atsi bá diga bá ket ats diga iratkan bokia ,gaxsargu kutsn bá giz pakasa bá yiskueshn ket atsa bani ibaram yixi atsnsargende;Itaga dosamendi bá ket atsi shidn bá qereshn tatsni koytargende.uceshn itaga doskan yisti itsi keski haknsui tá yixi tá ket atseshn haran gaxsnseo? Maki yiskuc ocheshn kartis utsana gizio. Atsi bá ket atsa bana soyam yistna makabanan itaga doskan hakmake; Itaga doskan bá kesna makan kasi bá ket atseshn yí tatsnsuci koysti yiskue. Dsndqan yisti badn gaxs Bá qeris dosndqan yitsi badasend atsndi itsayqn guz diga giza gap atsa bana soyam yisteshn irati yistnsargue.Bá qereagon petasn bá ket atsndis soyam detsasni haknsende.Dosa gendaga bodam guzaga digeshn irati atnsargue. Bá gizndis koystargu kutsn pakasi haknsargende.Bá qayxsis soyam qayxsni haknsende.Bá gap atsnda bani soyam yistnsende.Cunasangi yiskenda wobsangi yiskend atsnd petnsende.

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Nabab geshnuc oxh Qayxs 8 Hac kamam “Dosasnagendqan yisti badn”maki yiskuc nababis yintayqni xisham nababmuc geshn hac dungam estuc oxhis karsnde. 1.

Ats nyavndis dosam uxasagendi hanendeo?

2.

Dosndam uxi ats debm hatsi yiskuc irati hareo?

4.

Dsndqan yisti badn gaxs hareo?

5.

Bá badam badamend dosndam yintayqni ustan har yintayqni yitsn-

3.

Dosndam ustend atsndi yi ̋qan yisti badnsuc bodi hareo?

san yintayqn nalndeshn donti wodam wodam hayxnde?

Can 3: 8nuc ab ert Qal porsh Harkni yiskenda harknargenda porsh uts

Qayxs 1 Hac dungam yiskend qalatndeshn harkni yiskend porshis kutsa galqan xsapmnde. 1.gebaga

___________

2.dumars

___________

3. beqi

___________

4.potnsueshn

___________

5.detsasni

___________

Qayxs 2 Hac dungam yiskend qalatndeshn harknargend porshis kutsa galqan xsapmnde. 1.dentkan

___________

2.kesan

__________

3.cunas

___________

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4.ibaram

___________

5.pakasi

___________

6.soyam

___________

Xsap Tarikis xsap Naba qopa bodam anqaxs xsap

Qayxs 3 •

“2nuc cana 5nuc abm “Araq uc” maki yiskucam yintayqni anqaxs

xsapue.Yintayqni xsapuc anqaxsis hac dungam anqaxs xsap haga damba bodam karsi wuci beqnde. Tats Ibaram anqaxsi xsapucis xishi beq bob

•Anqaxsi bana xsapagucn itsayqn tatsi max ati yiskue. •Anqaxsi naba qopa bodam xsapi yiskende.

•Anqaxsi gah malatndis ibaram gaxsasni xsapi yiskende. •Anqaxsi xsapaga wuri yisn yiskue.

Xsapaga hig Qayxs 4

Wo tamar nyavndo hac aparqn yintayqni tamarnuc bodam hac dungam estuc oxheshn kart xspnde. 1. “Shidan” maki hareo? amtsis utsi uc’ uc’ utsi xsapnde.

Can 3: 9nuc ab ert Ibaram nabab

Dosasnagendqan yisti badn Nabab aparqnuc oxh Nabab abam goqn “x’on gah tatargendis max katsam nabab” maki har makeo? Tarikis nabab

Qayxs 5 Hac kama “Dosasnagendqan yisti badn” maki yiskuc nababis yintayqn ersasagendi hayxi yisku bodam nababmnde.

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Hayx Marazham ustnangi yiskuc gah Qayxs 6 Dosasanagendam uxi “Atsnd dentkan dyamitinis baysi yiskue shidan baysargue” maki yiskuc debm marazham gaxsasni yintayqn tatsis hayxnde.

Gah hig X’on gah qayxs Qayxs 7 Yits besagend x’on gah “Yiys besagend x’on gah” maki mzxaga x’on gah gobqan petucis shiban petnsuc gah hayxi yisnd qalam gaxsasni xsapi yiskue. Amts : “Tá ingi hayban ayntanue” maki yiskuc x’on gah gobqan yits besaguc qali “hayban” maki yiskucagizio. Hac kamam estuc amtsaga bodam x’on gah gobqan yitsi besagend qalndis kesi xsapmnde. 1.Gizi tám yistasan par gotn tanue. 2.Wonsan ne wuan sok mvi yiskue. 3.Goi tám yistasan qayxsn tanue 4.Biri tám yistasan xham gotn tanue. 5.Wonsan woli bukan inch tokn tanue.

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Yirc 8 Nasnda Habte Giyorgis Dinegide

Can 1: 1nuc ab ert

Nasnda Habte Giyorgis Dinegide Qal ert Xam Qayxs 1

Hac dungam estend amtsis xisham nababmsi yi ̋ dungam yiskuc qalis xami besnde, Amts: na-sn-da nasnda 1.Gi-yo-r-gis _______________ 2.Mi-ni-li-ka-ga _______________ 3.Go-tn-su-eshn _______________ 4.Bo-ga-sn-ne-nue _______________ 5.Xsa-di-qe-shn ______________

Nabab Nasnda Habte Giyorgis Dinegide Nabab aparqnuc oxh Qayxs 2 A.Hac dungam yiskend qalatndaga porshis hayxnde: Xhad , bog, got, mayt, tyat, uc-ket B. Mayt xhadi soyage iteo? Yintayqni tatsi yiskucis yintayqn nalndeshn hayxnde.

Tarikis nabab Qayxs 3 “Nasnda Habte Giyorgis Dinegide” maki yiskuc tovqan estend nababis yintayqn qaris sisargu shidan sasam yintayqn kay nababmnde.

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Nasnda Habte Giyorgis Dinegide Nasnda Habte Giyorgis Dinegide bá baba Dinegide Betra bá baya Izhu Amendi dadn 1859 bergam yeskue. Itsayqn yentis noti yiskuc bodam its babi xhebo ats petan baya kasi Gurage boz mesenge masta yskucn petucis hayxi yiskue. Tyata Minilikaga mayt xhadnas petend itsa Gobana Daxhew 1859 mar bergam obarinap vyard kob yisken shawais bana gotnsueshn yitsuc mayt xhadam zhiru dod yent atsnd yistn nasnda Ayitenepesu masti yiskendam kastuc Habte Giyorgisi zhiru hanqi od bergam hak yistende.Ucn bana yistuc bergn mayt xhada par galaba tamarnende. Tyata Miniliki xhebo atsis kata ni ketn wogasuco karsa eta wuo.Nena eta wuashidan wotam nena yabstan ni ̋ ketis bogasnnenue maki eysis haxasend.Nasnda Ayitenepesu masti yskendi nansa 18 berg cet nyav yistu Habte Giyorgisis tyata Minilikeshn hatsi utsu. Tyata Miniliki cet nyava Habte Giyorgisis bana etuc geshn timirtis soysi tamartasi yisti itsayqni qanqi yirsnsueshn uch-ket toh petend Wolde Xsadiqeshn utsend. uch-ket toh petend Wolde Xsadiqi ankobar eti hanqi ert-ketn vyarsend. Habte Giyorgisi tamarni yistagucn gapa uckan beli wogasi dontuca esti tyata Minikkaga godam shidan mankar keti yisn tiskucn esti hanqi ukari yieshn estn gibatasangi yiskucam woski yistue.Habte Giyorgisi vyarpa nyartnaga 30/1874 M.B Wolaga dodn tyata Minilika tyata Tekile Haymanot masti yiskend dentkan yitsuc mayt xhadamam xhadni dumarndis xhadni gamtsi yi ̋am zolase masti erstue.Yi ̋ zola ucis bequc tyata Miniliki soysi yi ̋is bá dadn shirshi ba yisn hanqa yiskuc xhada kangucn yisi xhadnsueshn hatsi yistue. Habte Giyorgisi Adua xhadam goqn xhadn hanqi yiskend atsndeshn dupasnuc mvis parama galama xhani eti hanqi yistue.1898M.B goqn Adua mayt xhadni yisti hayqend itsa Gebeyew masti yiskend kutsn ukarsni mayt xhadi qayxsi yistagucn tyta Minilika gena Xaytua yi ̋eshn xhad toh ukar utsende.Ukara ucisnd Habte Giyorgisi tyat ketn yiskend itsa Ape Niguesa Xsapi Tizazua Ligabaw masti yiskend atsnda bani xsoxs yisi erstnsueshn yi ̋ hatsue.

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Itsa Habte Giyorgisaga mayti vyarpa napm uxnsi vyarpa namm 1897 M.B hak nyartn vyarp gobqan Keniaga keman hak yiskuc Top’iaga kemis xogi shidan malat yitsi Top’iaga bandaris yisn sotasi wursende. 1900 M.B tyata Miniliki Aropa atsga bod dab shidan itsayqn dosam ministeraga mikir-ketis yitsagucn kangucaga tohn Dabub Top’iaga goti hahagend ukari itseshn estu. Magist maytaga doskan dumars 17000 its has petuc mayt xhadnas itseshn yiskend itsa Habtegyorgisi tyta Minilikaga astis wobsi hanucaga mayt xhadeshn sherqi erarguc atsagi yistende.Aba ucam Ras Abate masti yiskucnasi toh nans petuc Iyasuaga dapis gidam bogni shidan goc’ni yi makagucn itsa Habtegyorgisi tyats Miniliki bá eysam yi ̋ tokuc toh nansa Iyasueshn gatsni yi ̋ potasende.Esagon yi petasn nansa Iyasui shawaga tyatndabani polatikam max atargu ba shiducam itsa Habtegyorgisa bani kugnangi yistende. Itsa Habtegyorgisi tyata Mikaela bani max atangi Segale maytis zolqangi xhadi Maqdela masta yikenind Iyasu myta bani soysi xhadni báaga zolis besende. Itsa Habtei atsi kit ertama bá tag bats ert nabama itsaga sumi “Aba mala petan yi ̋ porshi gah bab” masti xsestende.Its Habte Gyorgisi uca kangucam zolqi es qayxsuc petucis itsaga masht petend Altayeworq Indehonu hayxi yiskende.Itsa Habtegyorgis Dengedei p’ad bergis pursti peshknsi vyarpa odaga 13/1919 M.B hayqende. Yi ̋ tuni (ታሪካዊ መዝገበ-ሰብ ከጥንት እስከ ዛሬቅጽ አንድ)

Nabab geshnuc oxh Qayxs 4 Hac dunngam estend oxhndis yintayqni nababmuc bodam kart xsapnde. 1.Tyata Minilikaga mayt xhadnas petend itsa Gobana Daxhew 1859 mar bergam obarinap vyard kob yisken shawais bana gotnsueshn yitsuc mayt xhadam zhiru dod yent atsnd yistn nasnda Ayitenepesu masti yiskendam kastuci oneo? 2.Onagi xhebo atsis kata ni ketn wogasuco karsa eta wuo.Nena eta wuashidan wotam nena yabstan ni ̋ ketis bogasnnenue maki eysis haxasadeo?

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3. Tyata Miniliki cet nyava Habte Giyorgisis bana etuc geshn timirtis soysi tamartasi yisti itsayqni qanqi yirsnsueshn uch-ket toh petend oneshn utsadeo? 4. Habte Giyorgisi tamarni yistagucn gapa uckan haragi atadeo? 5. 1898M.B goqn Adua mayt xhadni yisti hayqendi oneo? 6. Itsa Habtei atsi kit ertama bá tag bats ert nabama itsaga sumi har masti wozqadeo? 7. Itsa Habtegyorgis Dengedei p’ad bergis pursti peshknsi wosken hayqadeo?

Qayxs 5 “Nasnda Habte Giyorgis Dinegide” maki yiskuc nababqan yitsi sanxarazhn estendeshn kart xsapnde.

Sum

Nasnda Habte Giyorgis Dinegide

Its bab yent kutsi harqaneo? Its bay yent kutsi harqaneo? Itsi kastuc bergi woskeneo? 1898M.B goqn on kutsn ukarasadeo? Nasnda Habte Giyorgis Dinegidei onam ukarasadeo? “Aba mala” masti hareshn wozqadeo? Nasnda Habte Giyorgis Dinegide 13/1919 M.B har petadeo?

Can 1: 2nuc ab ert Qal porsh Qayxs 6 Hac dungam estend qlndeshn harkni yiskend porshis xsapmnde. 1.gotnsueshn ________________________ 2.tyata _____________________________ 3.bel_______________________________

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4.gamtsi ____________________________ 5.kashni ____________________________ 6.bogi______________________________ 7.kit ______________________________

Qayxs 7 Hac dungam estend qlndeshn harknargend porshis xsapmnde. 1.gen

______________________________

2.masht_____________________________ 3.tyata _____________________________ 4.bel ______________________________ 5.gamtsi ____________________________ 6. soy

______________________________

Xsap Tarikis xsap Qayxs 8 Wo tamar nyavndo! “Hayle Gebresilase” maki yiskuc tarik toh gaxsasnsi kaz paragirap xsapnde.Yintayqni xsapagucn gah malatndis ibaram gaxsasni yintayqi xsapnsuci koysti yiskue.

Xsapaga hig Kats tarik xsap yar Qayxs 9

Hac dungam estend xsapis yi ̋ yaram yi ̋ gadn atnsucn yitsi yi ̋ wurn karsi xsapnde. A.Wosasaman yisi iqasan xsap

B.Yisi qayxsuc qayxsa yisi gaxsuc gaxsa yi ̋ yaram xsap C.Tarikaga bab petuc suma, yent kutsa, yent aba xsap D.Yi ̋ qayxsndi yabsucn gaxs xsap E.Yi ̋aga timirt darazha hayx

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Can 1: 3nuc ab ert Ibaram nabab Nasnda Habte Giyorgis Dinegide Nabab aparqnuc oxh Qayxs 10 “Nasnda Habte Giyorgis Dinegide” maki yiskuc tarikqan yintayqneshn soysi sistucis yintayqn nalndeshn hayxnde.

Tarikis nabab Qayxs 11 Yintayqn ersasagendi hayxi yiskuc bodam “Nasnda Habte Giyorgis Dinegide” maki yiskuc tovqan estuc nababis karsi soy maki nababmnde.

Sisnsuc tarik Qananisa Baqale (moymokas)

Sisnsuc tarik aparqnuc oxh Qayxs 12 Qananisa Baqale har qayxsasan yintayqni eri yiskucis yintayqn nalndeshn

donti wodam wodam hayxnde. sis “Qananisa Baqale” maki yiskuc tovqan estuc nababi nababasn soysi haysi sisknsi yintayqn maxsapkan estend oxhndesh kart utsnde. Sisnsuc tarik geshnuc oxh “Qananisa Baqale” maki yiskuc tarik tovan nababis yintayqn ersasagendi nababmi yiskucis soysi haysi sisknsi hac dungam estuc sanxarazhis x’oc’nde.

100

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Sum

Qananisa Baqale

Yi ̋ qayxsi hareo?

Yi ̋ cunina diqasn woxa hayqen sumi oneo? Bá cunina diqasn woxa hayqen woxis harqan dukadeo? “Dodbaa Qananisa” maki yi ̋am dub kesi duguci oneo? Qananisai 200M.B gadn harqan wor vyarsadeo?

Gah hig Yits besagend Qayxs 13 Hac dungam estend x’on gah gobqan yits besagendi gah bab ati yiskucis badasi xsapmnde. Amts : “Maxsapa hinka haci qaya gizio” maki yiskuc x’on gah gabqan yits besi yiskuc gah bab qali “hinka haci” maki yiskuca gizio. 1.Zawud maxsapa hci qaya gizio._______________________ 2.Tamar nyava hinka handi bavi hanqi yiskende. _____________ 3. Manta dala hinka hac eta wuo. _____________________ 4. Zoq para haci zola gizio. ____________________ 5. Ezubaya hinka kazasnd handi bukni yiskende. ___________ 6. Mayna soya hinka odnasa handi hanqi yiskende. ____________

Can 2: 4nuc ab ert Nabab Derartu Tulu (kolonel) Nabab aparqnuc oxh Qayxs 1 A.Hac dungam estend qalndeshn porsh hayxnde.

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101

Alam gobm

metir

Moy mok

qaysa

B. Kolonel Derartu Tulua haragusan yintayqni siski eri yiskuci yistan yintayqn nalndeshn wodam wodam donti hayxnde. Tarikis nabab

Derartu Tulu (kolonel) Kolonel Derartu Tulu Top’iqan petasi Alam gobm p’adaga woxsam erstangi yiskend dentkan mayn woxsam maxubaya gizao. Kolonel Derartu Tulua Arisi Boqozhe masti yiskuc gapm 1966 M.B yeskene. Kolonel Derartu Tulua Isport moymokis gaduci sapm kipil tamar nyav yis-

ta wu petucis wű tariki hayxi yiskue. Derartu Tulua bá timirtis ba wursnsuc apm ert-kertn yista ert-keteshn wob shidan cax ata 800a 1500 metir moymokna karsa karsa soyaga qopis yabsuci erstangi yiskue. Ert-ketaga moymokam soyaga qopis yabsa wu

yistuc abam 1980 M.B uch-ket Isport maxnas atene.Zolqa wu qayxsuc qayxsi bá nalnd dentkan yista kursa Isport qayxseshn hamsueshn hatsue.

1981 M.B Noruwe masta yisken dodqan hanqa sapm kilo metir woxsa yi ̋ gadnuc Alam dod moymok woxsa 23nuc darazhn keskuci Ariawoch masti yiskuc maxsapkan xsapue.Uc geshnuc bergam uci harkuc moymokis

Paransay dodn woxsa maxnuc darazhis yakene.Uci bergam kasi Bulgaria masta yisken dodqan 10000 metir moymokna kasi maxnucis keskene. Kiwanena riy masti yiskuc maxsapkan yi hayxasuc woxn petan Kolonel Derartu Tulua 1984 M.B Ispen katamm Alam woxs Barselonam yeshnuc 10000 metir moymokna yi ̋ gadnuc xsidaga Apirika ats ants wozasna petena hakene.

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Ucaga ezaga qopis yabsa bá doda Top’iqan wusa kartucam dod goti ahi yiskend atsndam wum ukar wozqene.Uc geshn Kolonel Derartu Tulua Alam dodna bá doda Top’iqana codaga cac’is yapma hakene. 1993 M.B Awusterelia katamm Sidiniam yeshnuc Alam dod moymokn ba dos woxn 10000 metir moymokna woxsa qaysa maxnuc ata ants wozsa atene. Kolonel Derartu Tulua wum ukara Haylegebresilase dubdn dubd-

na wű qayxsi ez petan hacind Alam Isport qayxsqan ezaga kutsagi wusn yiskue. Kolonel Derartu Tulua yitsi dabi 10000a 5000a metir moymokam ezaga qopis yabsend mayndi Gexe Wami, Xirunesh Dibaba, Meseret Depar haxasni hakasnsende.Uci woxn hac kamam hayxsnend atsnd yitsis beqa shidan nababma itsayqn woxn no doda no suma no xsesnsuci koysti yiskue.

Yi ̋ tuni (ታሪካዊ መዝገበ-ሰብ ከጥንት እስከ ዛሬቅጽ ሁለት)

Nabab geshnuc oxh Qayxs 2 Hac kamam “Kolonel Derartu Tulua”maki yiskuc nababis yintayqni xisham nababmuc geshn hac dungam estuc oxhis xsapi karsnde. 1.Kolonel Derartu Tulua Arisi Boqozhe masti yiskuc gapm amuc bergam yeskadao? 2.Kolonel Derartu Tulua Isport moymokis gaduci am kipil tamar nyav yistaeo? 3.Ert-ketaga moymokam soyaga qopis yabsa wu yistuc abam 1980 M.B haraga Isport moy mokas atadao? 4.1981 M.B harqan hanqa woxsa yistadao? 5.Kolonel Derartu Tulua Ispen katamm Alam woxs Barselonam yeshnuc

10000 metir moymokna yi ̋ gadnuc xsidaga Apirika ats ants wozasna petena hakuci amuc bergameo? 6.1993 M.B har masta yisken dodqan hanqa woxsadao? 7.Kolonel Derartu Tulua yitsi dabi 10000a 5000a metir moymokam ezaga qopis yabsend mayndi hanendeo?

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Can 2: 5nuc ab ert Qal porsh Qalndeshn harkni porsh uts Qayxs 3 Hac dungam estend qalndeshn harkni yiskendis ingasnde. “ A”

“B”

1.cax

A.yichn

2.uch-ket

B.qaysa

3.moymok

C.xsoxsqan

4.gamtsa

D.xsyaxs ket

5.wozasna

E.wob

6.dentkan

G.cac’asna

Xsap Tarikis xsap Naba qopa bodam anqaxs xsap Qayxs 4 Wo tamar nyavndo! “Xirunesh Dibaba” maki yiskuc tarik tohis gaxsasnsi kac kamam “Kolonel Derartu Tulu” maki yiskuc tarik wosn ats oxhi kaz paragirap xsapmnde.

Xsapaga hig Qayxs 5 Hac dungam estend xsapis hac kamam “Kolonel Derartu Tulua”maki yiskuc nababis yintayqni xisham nababmuc geshn paragirap yaram pikasi xsapmnde. 1. Kolonel Derartu Tulua yitsi dabi 10000a 5000a metir moymokam ezaga qopis yabsend mayndi Gexe Wami, Xirunesh Dibaba, Meseret Depar haxasni hakasnsende 2. 1993 M.B Awusterelia katamm Sidiniam yeshnuc Alam dod moymokn ba dos woxn 10000 metir moymokna woxsa qaysa maxnuc ata ants wozsa atene 3. Kolonel Derartu Tulu Top’iqan petasi Alam gobm p’adaga woxsam er-

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stangi yiskend dentkan mayn woxsam maxubaya gizao. Kolonel Derartu Tulua Arisi Boqozhe masti yiskuc gapm 1966 M.B yeskene 4. Kiwanena riy masti yiskuc maxsapkan yi hayxasuc woxn petan Kolonel Derartu Tulua 1984 M.B Ispen katamm Alam woxs Barselonam yeshnuc

10000 metir moymokna yi ̋ gadnuc xsidaga Apirika ats ants wozasna petena hakene. 5. Ert-ketaga moymokam soyaga qopis yabsa wu yistuc abam 1980 M.B uchket Isport maxnas atene.

6. 1981 M.B Noruwe masta yisken dodqan hanqa sapm kilo metir woxsa yi ̋ gadnuc Alam dod moymok woxsa 23nuc darazhn keskuci Ariawoch masti

yiskuc maxsapkan xsapue.Uc geshnuc bergam uci harkuc moymokis Paransay dodn woxsa maxnuc darazhis yakene.

Can 2: 6nuc ab ert Ibaram nabab Kolonel Derartu Tulua Nabab aparqnuc oxh Qayxs 6 “Kolonel Derartu Tulu” maki yiskuc nababqan yintayqni tatsi eri yiskucis yintayqn nalndeshn wodam wodam donti hayxnde. Tarikis nabab Hac kamam “Kolonel Derartu Tulu” maki yiskuc nababis aparqn budinam

nababmnde. Uc geshn yintayqn kay yisti nababmde. Yi ̋ wurn haran yintayqni nababmasan yintayqn ersasagucn hayxnde.

Hayx Bá badam badamend gah hayx Qayxs 7 Wo tamar nyavndo! hac dungam estend gahndqan yitsi maxis kursnsi dubam,shalam shidam gaham hayxnde. A.Dod cuneshn dusti yiskuc dub B.Dod cuneshn shalasi yiskuc shal

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C.Dod cuneshn hayxi yiskend amtsaga gah shidan tos Gah hig Sumndi qyxs besaguc peti vyardan

•“Sumndi qayxs besaguc peti vyardan” maki bá qer sum yisti atsaga qayxsis hayxi yiskend maka gizio.

Qayxs 8 Hac dungam estend x’on gahis yintayqn dabtarn xsapmsi qayxs besaguc peti vyardend sum tovqan z’oz’i besnde. Amts: Cet nyava yinka handi akum baba gizio 1.Nama nega hana ersasagena gizao. 2.Neka haci san kete. 3.Ak atsndi kac’i haq agenda gizio. 4.Nasnda Kabadi gixnasa gizio. 5.Nyava yika handi tamar nyavnda gizio. 6.Nasi nababmi yiskue.

7.Max max atsndi shap’ dyadi yi ̋am haqi yiskende. 8.Nama neka hana wucagena gizao.

Can 3: 7nuc ab ert Qal ert Beck Qayxs 1

Hac dungam estuc amts bodam yi ̋ dungam kutsa gala yiskuckan qalatndis qodi besnde. Amts:

Woldegebrel

wol-de-ge-brel

1.

Gebremariyam

_____________

2.

xhadnagenda

_____________

3.

Moqadisho

_____________

4.

ministern

_____________

5.

namnasnnuc

_____________

6.

ukarasnende

_____________

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Nabab Nasnda Lema Woldegebrel Nabab aparqnuc oxh Qayxs 2 A.Hac dungam estend qalaga porshis hayxnde: katam, Top’i, gix, B. Nasnda Lema Woldegebrel tarikis uynxam yintayqn nalndeshn hayxni haknsade?

Tarikis nabab Nasnda Lema Woldegebrel Nasnda Lema Woldegebrel bá baba Gebremariyam Abdina bá baya Woletkidan Gebrewold 1896 M.B bale dodn goba masta yisken katamm yeskende. Nasnda Lemai xsesti yiskuci bá qanqi yirsend Bebitiwoded Woldegebrel Beshahi sumama gizio.Nasnda Lemai bá nyav bergam Adisaba yevi Dagimawi Minilik ert-ketn vyardi tamarni yisti Bá tmirtis bana wursu geshn mangist qayxsas ati qayxsi yistende.Geb qayxsargu yisti gixaga ministeram haqi yistend araqa damba hahagend toh ukar atende. 1928 M.B Xaliana Top’is xhadu abam goqn bá bani hanqi xhadni yiskendis detsasi Bebitiwoded Mokonin Dmise gobm peti xhadni ezaga xhad qopis

yabsende.Uc’ berg gobm irataga abi nam bergam hak gixi aqi itsi yistasn xhadnagenda bani ashtangi xhadni yiskende masti Xalianam usti Maqadisho bana hanqu geshn denane masti yiskuc kutsn xsyatsni yistende. 1933 M.B wogaga(qlkidan) nalnd mayti Xalian mayt xhadnasidis xhadi byari Moqadisho uxu geshn Nasnda Lema Woldegebrel xsyaxs ketn yisti keski bá wogaga(qlkidan) nalnd mayt xhada bani saqni bá gagnasis xhadni yisti Adiaba vyardende.Nasnda Haylesilase xhadi qaysi menagesha katamm vyarpa nyartnucn vyardi mangist qayxsis qayxsi gadagucn nasnda

Lemai tegbaraid ert-ket toh ukar ati bá qayxsis qayxsi yistend.Uc geshn

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kac’i xhimchaga ministern bomasi inspektera ukar toh atesh baqi yiskuc tai ukarasnende.

Uc geshn kasi bá dod got ministern bomi ministeraga inspekter atende.

Uciam kobc abeshn kazgn qayxs dirizhita nasnda Haylesilase hospital toh ukar ati hahi yistende.Uc geshnd giz ministern hanqi inspektera namnasnuc kanguc wucaguc ati qayxsende.Kasi kobc ab geshn Adisaba katam

hahaguc yisti yizqn bana yi ̋qan yistuc dodn hahaguc ministern karti namnasnuc minister peti ukarasnende.Ucamind qayxsama eysasagend minister namnasnuc minister ati bomende.

Yi ̋ wurn dodn yishni kesagend minister namnasnuc minister ati qayxsi

yisti 1953 M.B mangist gub yeshasend poletika gidam usti xsyatsnende. Nasnda Haylesilase dambi ezaga gatsni yi petucis gibatasnangi yiskend dumarnd nalnda bani odnuc vyarp 7 qan 1953 M.B hac Adisaba Yunibersiti gibiqan Genet-liul masti yiskuc godamqan xhilaga wobdn xsitam dekasni hayqend.

Yi ̋ tuni (ታሪካዊ መዝገበ-ሰብ ከጥንት እስከ ዛሬቅጽ አንድ)

Nabab geshnuc oxh Qayxs 3 Hac kamam “Nasnda Lema Woldegegebrel”maki yiskuc nababis yintayqni xisham nababmuc geshn hac dungam estuc oxhis karsnde. 1.Nasnda Lemai bá nyav bergam Adisaba yevi har ert-ketn tamarni yistadeo? 2.Nasnda Lema Woldegebrel bá baba ona ? bá baya ona? Wiskena? Har dodna yeskadeo? 3.Xaliana Top’is xhaduc abi woskeneo? 4.Nasnda Lemai xsesti yiskuci bá qanqi yirsend on masti yiskend sumameo? 5.Nasnda Haylesilase xhadi qaysi menagesha katamm vyarpa nyartnucn vyardi mangist qayxsis qayxsi gadagucn nasnda Lemai har ukar toh ati qayxsi yistadeo?

6.

Nasnda Lema Woldegebreli hayqu mergi oskeneo? Kasi hanuc kutsn

hayqadeo? Wosasam hayqadeo?

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Can 3: 8nuc ab ert Qal porsh Harknargend porsh uts Qayxs 4 Hac dungam yiskend qalatndeshn harkni yiskend porshis ingasnde. A

B.

1.hanqi

A.ortn

2.hak

B.iq

3.geshn

C.kayguc

4.kac’i xhimchagend

D.aparqn

5.yistuc

E.ersasagend

6.yizqn

G.shik

7.arc H.karti

Xsap Tarikis xsap Kats tarik Qayxs 5 1nuc cana 2nuc abm yintayqni xsapuc anqaxsis hac dungam hayxasuc bodam xishi beqnsi karsi xsapmnde. Tats

•Anqaxs qirxsis yi wuxuc petuc

•Qalndi pidal irat etkuc xsapuc petuc

•Gah malatndi ibaram gaxsasnuc petuc

•Anqaxs xsap higa damba x’onc’uc petuc

Xsapaga hig Qayxs 6

Wo tamar nyavndo hac dungam esten x’on gahndis sosysi nababmi beqnsi gahaga yaram shidan yitsaga yaram pikasi anqaxs xsamnde. 1.Atsndi bá duqash gocki yistende.

2.Atsndi duqashis yi ̋qan bana toknsuc dodis dogi yistende.

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3.Uc geshn dab qoli toki yistende.

4.Bana tokuc geshn yi ̋ debm go-inch gixsende. 5.Go-inch bana gixsu geshn sov gori eti yevi ucasi yistende.

Can 3: 9nuc ab ert Ibaram nabab Nasnda Lema Woldegebrel Nabab aparqnuc oxh Nabab abam goqn “x’on gah atargendis max katsam nabab” maki har makeo? Tarikis nabab

Qayxs 7 Hac kama “Nasnda Lema Woldegebrel” maki yiskuc nababis yintayqn ersasagendi hayxi yisku bodam nababmnde.

Hayx Qayxs 8 Hac dungam estend gahndqan maxis kursnsi hayxnde. A.Yintayqni ert-ketna gapma haraga soy gah qayxsi yistan tyapasi yintayqn nalndeshn hayxnde. B.Yintayqn gapkan onagi ert-keteshn shidan gapeshn soy qayxs qayxsi yistan amts utsi tyapasi hayxnde.

Gah hig Qayxs 9 Hac dungam saxinqan yiskucis yintayqni pikasi nababmuc geshn yi ̋ dungam kutsa gal yiskuckan estend sumnd dentkan kuch sum, qer suma, qala qayxs besaguca petendis badasi yintayqn dabtarn xsapmnde.

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Kuch sum

Kuch sum masti yiskuci codnasi dubdam yi ̋am xsesti yiskuc suma gizio. Amts: mant, koch, incha dumarnda gizio.

Qer sum

Qer sum masti yiskuc atsa maxi yi ̋am xsesti yiskuc suma gizio. Amts: Gena, Kobtet, boqas Qala qayxs besaguc Qala qayxs besaguc maki maxaga yitsis pekal hatsi besi yiskuc qala gizio. Amts: woxa, yeka, cuka, mva dumarnda gizio Wo tamar nyavndo! hac kamam yintayqni bequc amtsga bodam hac dungam ochnasend oxhndeshn kart xsapnde. 1.Qer sum masti yiskuci hareo? uc’ qer sum petendis xsapi besnde. a.

_________

b.

_________

c.

_________

d.

_________

e.

_________

2.Kuch sum masti yiskuci hareo? Kuch sum petendis nyartn xsapmde. a.

_________

b.

_________

c.

_________

d.

_________

3.Qala qayxs besaguc maki hareo? Qala qayxs besaguc petend od xsapmde. a.

_________

b.

_________

c.

_________

d.

_________

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Yirc 9

Can 1: 1nuc ab ert

Gyars pugnd

Gyars pugnd Qal ert Qal beck Qayxs 1 Hac dungam estend amts bodam dumarndis qayxsnde. Amts: yanxs – n - d - aga = yanxsndaga Best – a – r – ge –nd = Dyam – am = Gyars – n – sa – r – gu – e - shn

Qayxs 2 Hac dungam estend qalnda x’onargu gahndais bitni nababmnde. A

B

C

Ch

C’

Tiktik

cil pug

woba wit wyet

nyaxs

pugnasnd

guznd

yat

qogi

daxhnd

daxh pug

apkan yep etu

dol

gursi

xhep’x

ni nabmnsue

petueshn

bodndis

donti shidan beshi

yi ̋ nab bod

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Nabab aparqnuc oxh aparqnuc ertam gaxsas Qayxs 3 “Gyars pugnd” maki yiskuc nabab bodam yeshuc nababis yintayqn nababmargu aparqn aparqnuc yintayqn ertn dontnsi kutsa galqan x’onc’nde. Gyars pug zarnd

Ech ay bi / edis

Gyars bod

Sut dyamam

Gyars bod

Gyars bod

Mayna vyana dyamam

Nabab yits Qayxs 4 Hac dungam “gyars pugnd” maki yiskucis nababis yintayqn kats sisargu yisti nababmnde.

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Gyars pugnd Gyars pugi hareo? Gyars pugi pugnas ats dadn yisti atsa soy shidan purstarguc dadn bá badam badamuc bodam gyarsni yiskuc pug zara gizio. Gyars puga endi yisind: ech ay bi/edisa gom puga oshta bar xoga cil puga woba puga abalazar shidan (yap) puga dumarnda gizio. Gyars pug gadi apam bestargend yanxsndaga daxhnd shidan bakitarya masti yiskendam yevi yiskue. Amtseshn bar xogaga pug gadi apam bestargend daxh yanxs petni haknsende.Abi qexsucama narsi bá bomi narsucam goqn bar xog pugi atsis pugn haknsue.Puga endisind yi ̋am donti yiskuc ab katitama magibitama myzai vyarpam atsis pugi yiskuc aba gizio.Puga uci atsaga debis qosalsi ezaga iratn ats boki yiskue.Bar xog pugi yi ̋am gyarsn yiskuci oc’am shidan katsam cod atseshn maxapam gyarsn yiskue. Bar xog pugwoxn kang Tiktik masti yiskuc yapstarguc daxham gyarsni yiskuc pug yi petan nyava yanxsa max bergn uxnsi uc’ bergam (15) hak uxnsi yiskend nyavndn pugi yiskue.Tiktik puga ucisind yi gadn osht harknsi yix etku abis nyavis oc’acnsue.Bana oc’acu geshn nyava yanxs guzn yisi besnsu amtsisnd ap xsitsa apakan yep dubdasa exsis yaxsasa besnsue.Pugnas eskay oc’aci x’ocni haknsue. Puga ucisind atsa max dadn yisti atsa max dadn katsam gyarsn haknsue. Cilqan koc pugi yapstarguc daxham yevi yiskuc pug yi petan puga uc yisind yi ̋am yevi yiskuci etuc mvama sovam gizio. Cil puga uc yisind beshashi pugi yiskuci nyava yanxsa gizio. Nyava puga ucam purstuci yi guzkan yiskuc sovi kocama halapama wurnsue. Cil koc pugam purstuc atsnd cil gaz’a nyaxsa shidan x’oc amtsi itsayqn debm besnsue. Puga ucisind maqargu bodam uxam gyarsn haknsue. Barstarguc bodam vyana mayna dyamam gyarsni yiskuc pugi coda gizio.Puga endi dentkan ech ay bi /edisa xhep’xa qixinia dola dumarsnda gizio.

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Puga ucyisind atsaga dig yitseshn it petnsi mayn gobaga bad kutsn nyavi dyasnsueshna zyap’a deb puga katsasia guzaga bet puga hatsni haknsue. Gyarsndaga pugnd zar dentkan kot pug zara amtsa yi gyars boda sanxarzh beqni no haknsue.

Gyars pug zarnd: amtsa gyars boda Pug zar

Pugi besi yiskuc amts

Pug gyars bod

Ech ay bi /edis

Ba badam badamuc pugn bok Tepesi Oc’aci

Maqi barstarguc bodam mayna vyana dyam

Gom pug

15 ab kam oc’acnsu Suta bana yiskuc osht shidan kol oc’

Sut dyamam

Osht

irshtasia oc’acia sovwoxnuc sinxqan kesia qogi

Oc’am

Bar xog

beshashi nyaxsqan mvi x’oci bar batsi

“Myiko” shidan bobais mastuc apam bestarguc daxham ustuc dyant kizham mv

Cilqan koc

yixargu cilqan kocki x’oci

kuchn uxam shidan oc’am gyarsn yiskuc (riyano) apam bestarguc daxh

Vyana mayna dyamam pug

maynn nyav qecn kutsn qosalasi vyan qecn pugi shidan qosalasi

Maqi barstarguc bodam mayna vyana dyam Dyamam apam bestarguc daxham gyarsni yiskuc pug

woba

Gursi X’oci bobasi

maynaga woba witwyit saxsam gyarsn yisku pug

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Ba kangi gyars pugnd cod gyarsn shidan maqarguc bodam yevi bana

yiskuceshn codaga atsis kot ab dentkan pugn haki yiskue. Uceshn pugaga gyars bod nabis soysa tatsa era no nabmnsue koysti yiskue. ( Xsap tun: Adisu Adimasu masti yiskuc xsapkan yeshu).

Nabab geshnuc oxh Qayxs 5 Hac dungam estend oxhndis nababa nababsnuc bodam karsnde. 1. Maq baq dirmam dontuc mayna vyana dyamam yevi yiskuc pugi hanuceo? A.woba

B. cil pug

C.yat

Ch.gom pug

2. Tana gyars pug zara gizio.Tá amtsi gursia x’ocia bobasia erkasia gizio.Tana onao? A. ech ay bi

B. osht

C.woba

Ch.koc pug

3. “Tiktik” masti yiskuc pugi berga hanuc gobqan yiskuc atsn pugi yisteo? A.6 – 9 berg

B.1- 5 berg

C.15 – 20 berg

Ch.10 -15 berg

4. “ Myiko” shidan “Bobasi” mastuc apam bestarguc daxham shidan bakitiryam ustuc dyant kizham yevi yiskuc hanuc pugiao? A.koc

B.bar xog

C. gom

Ch.woba

Qayxs 6 Hac dungam estend oxhndis karsnde. 1.Bar xog pug ni ̋ guza hanucn pugi yisteo? 2. “Bakitiryam”shidan bestargu daxham yevi yiskend pugndis hayxnde. 3. Ech ay bi /edisa yat puga dentkan yiskuc badata max ata hayxnde. 4.Yintayqn gapm beshas besti yiskuc pug zari hareo?

Can 1: 2nuc ab ert Qalnd Maynt qal dentkan yiskuc porsh badat Qayxs 1 Maynt petnd qalnd dentkan yiskuc porshis badatam x’on gah qayxsi besnde. Amts: Pug Pugnasnd Gyars pugi maxapam cod atsndeshn gyarsn haknsue. A.irat B. dig C. had

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Iratnas

dignas

hadnas

Xsap Paragirap xsap Ap gah sanxarzh Qayxs 2 Hac dungam xsapnd paragiraphis sanxarzham ap gahis besnde. Bayndaga woxeshn nab atnd gahndi bavai yevi woxi itsayqn debm kobcanague.No doda Itopian yizam 24 berg gobqan uc’berg dentkan 1982 bergam bayndi woxi 1400 berga petuci 1987 bergam 1200 tor wortnue. Wox pyada uci wortni 1992 bergam 990 pyadn atue.Kasi 1997 bergam bayndi woxi 740 atue. Bayndi wox ez pyadam tor wortni 2005 bergam 420 petnsi 2006 bergam bayndi woxi 360 pyadn wortnue petucis ap gahi besi yiskue. Tun: dig baq ket “Xena xabia” : dig noti yiskuc xsap qixs1 pyad 1 katiti 2007 berg

Qayxs 3 Wo tamar nyavndo! yintayqn yisn yiskucn xena xabian hanqi xena qayxsasndis oxhi gyars pugnd yitsis sanxarzham yeshasi xsapmnsi kipilqan eti nababmnde.

Xsap hig Qayxs 4 Ersasagendi nababmi yiskuc nababis daqnargu yisti malatndis koysti yiskuc kutsn gaxsasi xsapmnde.

Can 1: 3nuc ab ert gyars pugnd Ibaram nabab Aparqn nabab “Gyars pugnd” maki yiskuc ap gaham yeshuc nababqan yintayqn tatsi yiskuc tatsis hayxnde.

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Nabab Qayxs 5 “Gyars pugnd” maki yiskuc nabab ap gaheshn yeshuc sanxarzhis yintayqn katsis yirc maknsi nababmnde. Sisnsuc nabab

Osht pug

Nabab aparqnuc oxh Aparqnuc ertis gaxsas

Qayxs 6 Hac dungam estend oxhnd karsnde. 1. Osht pugi ats debm bes yiskuc malatndis hayxnde. 2. Osht pugi wosasaman maxnasi dadn yisti maxnasi dadn gyarsni yistan

hayxnde. Sisnsuc nabab Qayxs 7 “Osht pug” maki yiskuc nababis yintayqn ersasagend nababm haysnsi sisknsi hac dungam yeshnd ap gahis yintayqn dabtarn xsapmnde. • Osht pug malatnd • Osht pug gyars bod • Osht pug nab bod

Nabab geshnuc oxh Qayxs 8

Hac dungam estend oxhndis yintayqn siskuc nabab bodam karsnde. 1.Osht pugam purstuc atsis wosasam ernu no haknsue. 2.Osht pugam no utsnsargueshn har no yitsnsue.

Gah hig Ab Tatsnd: Ab: maxaga yitsi woskenan qayxsasn shidan yitsasn hayxi yiskuc qayxs besagend qalnda gizio.Ab kaz bodam qodi yiskue.Qoda endisind: hac hayxasn yiskuca yitsi peshkuca kon aba gizio. Hac hayxasn yiskuc:Aba hac gobqan yitsi yiskuc x’on gahqan hayxasn yiskuc shidan

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yitsi yiskuca gizio. Amtseshn: Belina hac nababmnsen. Yitsi peshkuc: maxaga yitsi qayxsi wuruc petuc hayx yiskuc aba gizio. Amtseshn: Kelasi omtan ert ketn shidue. Kon ab: maxaga yitsi gats yitsargu gyara apm yitsnsu petuc bes yiskuc aba gizio.Uceshn qala wonsana givi maki yiskuci kon ab qalnda gizio. Amtseshn: Ketnina wonsan America dodn hamtsene.

Qayxs 9 Hac dungam estend x’on gahis hac hayxasn yiskuca yitsi peshkuca kon aba maki badasi hayxnde. 1. Omtan bana qayxsuc it qayxseshn byam aynue. 2. Itsayqn wonsan bá dodn hamtsnde. 3. Girasi hac gabm hamtsue. 4. Kelasi woynten dutam kuch kos kaskue. 5. Belina omtan hacn yisten.

Can 2: 4nuc ab ert karti karti donti yiskend pugnd Nabab

Gom pug

Nabab aparqnuc oxh Aparqnuc ertam gaxsas

Qayxs 1 Hac dungam estend oxhndis nababmagi ibar yi petan “I” axax yi petan “A” maki yi ̋ naba pashi hayxi karsnde. 1.Gom pugi aba hacam Itopiqanatan dumars dodn kaygue. 2.Gom pugi dumars qalndam “Tuberkilosis” masti yiskue. 3.Gom pugi goman yi pugnasn dumars ats guzndis pugarague. 4.Gom pugi akumam byai yiskue.

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Nabab yits Qayxs 1 “Gom pug” maki yiskuc nabab ap gahi butam yeshndis tatsis yintayqn katsis sisargu yisti nababmnde.

gom pug Gom pug gyarsa iratnda Gom pugi dod kang debm ats yits debm irat petuceshn dod kangn ats soy yits baq xsap keti segam atsnd berg pyadam 2012 kesuc gah api bes yiskuwoxn yi petan bergaga pyadam maxaga milyon pyatsi yiskend atsis gom pug pugi yiskuc petucan hayx yiskue. Gom pug yisind ech ay bi /edis geshn namnasnuc woxaguc puga gizio.No doda Itiopiand dod kangn puga ucam beshashi purstend 22 dodqan maxa gizio. Kasi gom pug act gaxsasn yiskend 27dodn dentkan Itiopia yabsta yiskene. Ucaga amtseshn pederel ats soy yits baq xsap keti 2002-2006 berg gom pug naba besi yiskuc butnd beqn ni haknsue.

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100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 2002 berg

2003berg

2004berg 2005 berg 2006 berg

Pederel ats soy yits baq xsap keti 2006 berg wurnuc giz wuc qayxsaga hayx mashkaram 2007 berg.

Gom pug gada gyars bodnda Gom pugi cod abis bestarguc makerobaktiryam tubrkilosis masti yiskuc apam bestarguc daxham gyarsni yiskue.Gom pugi cod ab atsaga goman pugnsue.Gomam pugnasi oc’agucna irshtnagucna gahagucna pugi eti

wuaguc apam bestarguc daxh pugnas gomqan yisti kesnsue.Ucam gyarn katsam shidan oc’am narsam purstargu atsaga gomqan vyardagucn pugi gyarsnsue.

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Soyaga narsi yi ̋qan kayguc ketkan mayt yisti gom pugaga gyarseshn hatsntsuagisn narsi yisn narsargucn ni yisnsue koystargue.Kasi puga uci bobis masti yiskuc apam bestarguc daxham purstuc dyant kizh katsasargu ni wucan gyarsnsue.

Gom pug zarnda malatnda Gom pug beshashi gomis pugi yisku yi petan gomaga egam dumars atsaga guzndis pugn haknsue.Ucaga nabam gom puga gomaga egam petuc gom puga masti nam bodam qodi yiskue.Gom pug pugi yisku gom kay petan bá badam badamuc amtsi puga ucn yiskue.Gom pugi amtsi nam can kam oc’acnsue.Oc’a ucyisind dal oshta suta bana yiskuc x’oca petni haknsue.Kasi piknqan xhada x’oca petan dumarsi erkna tepsia mvis mayn baysia gamtsia endi gom pug amtsa gizio. Gom pug egam yiskuc gom pugndi kasi bá badam badamuc guzqan pugi yiskue.Puga endisind ul dyam gom puga ul kobm bur harki yiskuc gom puga cil gom puga deb qor gom pug masti yiskucis gom pug bad atangi yiskend gom pug zarnda gizio.Gom puga endaga zarndi bá badam badamuc malati itsayqndeshn yiskue.Amtseshn:ul kobm yiskuc bur gom pugi dap dap maki iqi hanqi pugargu yisti kitsnsue. Bura uci dap dap maki yisti bá barqn ustni yisti buntsi yiskuc sov harki yiskuc kesnsue. Gom puga dumarsnd bad itsayqn hatsi yiskuci gomsn gyarsnarguc yisi petuca gizio.

Gom pug akum Gom pugeshn estuc actis hayxasnwoxn no qoxan gyarn no pyaxsnsue.Pugnasi qox make masti hayxasuc actis yixargu qoxi wursnsue koysti yiskue.

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Akumis no gadnsa yitsan pugi yizam bana yiskuc kam beshi donsue.Kasi

pugaga donti apam bestargend actndis dosn haknsue.Uc geshn gom pu-

gaga acti pyatsni haknsargu kutsn ati hamnsue.Ucagisn akumam hayxas-

uc actis yi abis baqnsi qoxa no wursan bursh no pyaxsnsue koysti yiskue. Yi ̋wurn:gom pugi cod atsis iratn boki yiskuc gyars pug yisi petueshn no kangi aparqn detsasa yits no nabmnsue koysti yiskue.Aq ketqana dubd kutsna biroqana ert-ketna dumarnda kutsn soyaga narsn yisnsue koysti yiskue.Kasi atsa codi yi ̋am hamaguc kambula dumarsnd kambulqan atsi oc’aguc pudalndis ni pirqnsue koysti yiskue.Kasi atsi oc’agucn no nona sinxais no kamnsue koysti yiskue. Dumarsi dyant kizhis kesnsa wuca ac’is katsasanga mva abam abam no debis wucasa no esnsue koysti yiskue. • ( Xsap tun: Adisu Adimasu ( Tatsas1/2005): masti yiskuc xsapkan yeshu).

Nabab geshnuc oxh Qayxs 2 Hac dungam estend oxhndis nabab nababsnuc bodam kursnde. 1. Gom pug haraman cod abis gyarsn yisteo? A. myiko bakitaryam B. makero bakitaryam tuberkilosis C. bobisam Ch. Bá kangi karta gizio. 2. Gom pug malatndi hara hareo? A. erkasia gid gamtsia B. dal oshta suta bana yiskuc x’oci C.nam can kam oc’aci Ch. Piknqan xhadi C’. bá kangi 3. Gom pugeshn estuc actis yi ̋ abam qoxa no wursan: A. woxnsue B. payxsnsue C. pug baysnsue Ch. B a C C’. bá kang

Qayxs 3 Nabab nababsnuc bodam hac dungam estend oxhndis karsnde. 1. Gom pugis wosasam no nabmnsue. 2. Gom pug malatndi hara hareo? 3. Gom pug hara haram gyarsn yisteo? 4. Actam dosuca dosarguc gom pug dentkan yiskuc badati hareo?

Can 2: 5nuc ab ert Qalnd Qayxs 4 Hac dungam estend sanxarzhqan guznd sumnda “Gom pug yi yaki yiskend ” shidan “Gom pug yi yapargend guznd” maki yiskucis yintayqn dabtarn xsapmnsi yitsi qodnde.

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Gobqana galnda guznd qodnd

Gom pug yi yaki yiskend Gom pug yapargend guznd guznd

ap gom mert Deb qor Ul kobm hay qimit may

Xsap paragirap xsap Ap gah butam bes Qayxs 5 Hac dungam estend xsapkan pyada estendis yix butam besnde. Pederal dig baq ukar 2006 bergam dig coram qayxs giz wuc ab wurn yakarnwoxn yi petan woba pug nab coram qayxsuc woba wyetwit tunti qodi coram yitsnsu ap gahis kesue.Keskuc ap gah woxn yi petan2002 bergam22.2 milyon yi petan 2003 bergam 35.2 milyon 2004 bergam39.5 milyon 2005 bergam 45 .8 milyon yi petan 2006 bergam 58.5 milyon woba tunti woba pug nabeshn atseshn qodu petuci yakarsnue. (Tun: pederal dig baq ukar 2006 berg woba tunt yakar mashkaram 2007 bergam.)

Xsap hig Qayxs 6 Hac dungam estend malatnd gaxsasi xsap pikasnde. .

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“”

!

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?

,

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Tá sumi kelas kumtukes masti yiskue Tana yi ̋am yeskuci abi 1981 bergama

yi ̋qir damoz masta yisken qabalna gizio Tana gadn yisn vyarda tamarnuci ert keti xsat maxnuc ert ketna gizio Ert keta eni max kipiln uxnsa od kipilam hak tana tamarnue Ert keta ensi tana tatsan hac ta mayqan syaq maki yiskuci aba ucam kash satam purn keska cec ketn tana atagucn xsombati cec ketkan yisti tá apm pudl kes wo babo maknsa mag tovam xolqa woxsa ats ketn tana vyarduci hac hak tá mayqan bavargue

Can 2: 6nuc ab ert Ibaram nabab Gom pug Nabab aparqnuc oxh Qayxs 7 “Gom pug” maki yiskuc ap gah tohn yintayqn eri yiskuc ap gahis hayxnde. Nabab yits Qayxs Yintayqn ersasagendi hayxi yiskuc bodam “Gom pug” maki yiskuc ap gaheshn butam yeshucis nababmnde.

Hayx Ap gah dubdas Qayxs 8 Yintayqn budin budin petnsi qabal ketn dig xsap ketn hanqi woba coram ap gahis aki eti kipilqan yintayqn nalndeshn yeshasnde.

Gah hig Aba kutsa pekal besaguc qal Qayxs 9 Hac dungam qal qayxsis pekal hatsi besagucam gaxsasi x’on gahndis x’onc’i xsapmnde.Gah dentkan maxaga x’on gaheshn max kam qal qayxsis pekal besaguci yistn haknsue. Wosken Wonsan Woynten Omtan

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dungam kamam hanucn shika

dutam maxn maxn hac ucagon yi petasn

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1.Wú ulna no peshken no micha ……. aten.

2.……… tá nalnda tana gez ta ucku. 3.……. dodi mitsira gizio.

4.…….. manti yistnan yakadao?

5.…….. may tats maxsapis tana nababma yiskue.

6.Ingiliz gahi iquc gaha gizio. …………… Benc’non gahyisind gyar apm iqnsue gaha gizio.

7.Kelasi …….. Mizan Teparn hamnsue. 8.Tá keti Mizani …….. gizio. Qayxs 10 Hac dungam estend kuts besaguc qalndam gaxsasi x’on gahis qayxsnde. Ucam

Uc geshn

harqan

Hayqn

hacn

shikn

Amts:

Tá nalnda tana Isportn no hanqu.Ucam Isport qayxsa peshka no kartu.

Can 3: 7nuc ab ert Qal ert Xam Qayxs 1 Hac dungam yiskuc qalndis estuc amts bodam qayxsnde. Amtseshn: daxham = dax – h – am 1. Piknargucam 2. Yiskuagisn 3. Zaramnd 4. Gaxsnsue

Nabab Nabab aparqnuc oxh Aparqnuc ertam gaxsas Qayxs 2 Hac dungam estend oxhndis karsnde. 1.Wo tamar nyavndo! akam yintayqn gapm gyarsni yiskuc pugi hara hareo?

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2.Cec ketn yisti ni kartan shidan mvis ni mvargu aparqn ni ̋ kuchis samunam ní masnsue hareshnan koystadeo?

Nabab yits Qayxs 3

Hac dungam “Gyars pug nab” maki yiskuc ap gah tatsnsi yintayqn katsis sisargu yisti nababmnde. gyars pug nab Gyars pugi atsa dod debm ezaga iratis aparqn eti yevi yiskuagisn yisi nabi

koysti yiskue. Puga ucindi yi ̋am nabma no haknsue sova mvais soyam baqa ba badam badamnd mvis mva nyava yanxsi xyamis soysi xyansa sovo harki yiskend qayxsndis koysti yisku bodam baysi gyars pugis nabmi haknsue.Kasi ni deba gapa maqasa maxnsi maxnsi gibata kolaga sign buntsa shidan dod yishki itaga sign doki gyars pugis nabmi haknsue. Gapa zal shidan woba wit weyiti yisn gabti yiskuc kutsis maqasa agobaram gaxsa ket shishis maqasi puga endis nabmnsue.Puga endis ni nabmnsueshn kitabatam no gaxsasnsue koysti yiskue. Gyars pugi sova piknargucam yevi yiskuagisn sovis bintsa kobsasa no gaxsasnsue koysti yiskue. Sovi binxi kobsu geshn soyaga qixsqan yitsnsa no

tux’nsue koysti yiskue.Uc geshn yisn ni ucki yiskuc qixsndis aparqn maski maqasi soy kita gizio. Bá ap mustagend mvnd apis soysi masknsi gaxsasi gyars pugis nabmnsue. Amtseshn: mangoa muza abokadoa burtnkana dumarnda apis masknsi mvi puga ucis nabmnsue.

Gyars pugis no nabmnsue gyarn katsuc mvi bintsi yistn ni mvan gizio.Ucyis-

ind mvi bá katsuc geshn itnsargeshn hatsnsue.Uci hakasnargu shidan katsuc mvqan puga endi yitsnsargueshn ni bitsnsue koysti yiskue .

Piknagi yiskend mvi zaris no mvan gyars pugis no nabmnsue.Piknagi yiskuc mve no makn mva bá zaram zaramnda gizio.Gah dentkan nyava yanxsi bana yesku geshn sapm vyarp hak bá bay xyam kay xyamnsu koysti yiskue. Max berg bana x’onagu hak nyava yanxsi bá bay xyama mva mvnsue koys-

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ti yiskue.Uc geshn nyava yanxsi pugis yi nabmnsu gid yapmn haknsue. Sov harki yiskend it qayxsnda kolaga signa koysti yisku bodam no baysnsue koysti yiskue. Gapa zal shidan woba wit weyiti yisn gabti yiskuc kutsis maqasa agobaram gaxsa ket shishis maqasi puga endis nabmnsu koysti yiskue.

Gyars pugis yi ̋am nona nabmnsu bodi cec ketn yista no kartan no kuchis

samunam shidan xsyknam no masnsue koysti yiskue.Yi ̋ nabyisind apam bestargend daxhndi cec ketkan tutal yisti no kuchn atn haknsueshna gizio. Puga endi bestarguc daxham no kuchn yistn mvn shidan dumars ats kuchn uxna no haknsueshn no kuch no masnsue koysti yiskue.No kuch masargu no shidan puga uci dumars atseshn gyarsn haknsue.Cec ketn yista no kartu geshn no kuchis samunam shidan xsyaknam no masnsu echam dumars bodi no kaygue.Kasi no guz maska no gashis icicam shidan signalama samunama no maqasi no baqnsue koysti yiskue.

Maxnasi maxnasi gibatn mayna vyana dyamam/yat/ yevi yiskuc pugis nab-

ma no haknsue. Ech ay bi /edisa dumars gyarsn yiskend pugai cod ab mayna vyana dyamam gyarsni yiskue.Ucagisn aparqn detsasa wucasno maxna-

si maxnasis gibatn puga endis nabma no haknsue. Gibatnsnargu no yisku petan kondam no gaxsasnsue koysti yiskue.

Yi ̋ wurn:No gapis maqis no baqni gyars pugis nabma no haknsue.Maq baqa endisind: zala woba wit weyit gib kutsais maqasa gizio. Kasi dumars bodi maxn wognsi yiskuc sovi yistn dog titsa aq ket shishis maqasa gizio.

( Xsap tun: Adisu Adimasu masti yiskuc xsapkan yeshu). Nabab geshnuc oxh Qayxs 4 Hac dungam yiskuc oxhndis estuc amts bodam qayxsnde.

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Gyars pugnd nab bod

Sov bintsi kobsasi gaxsas

Qayxs 5 Hac dungam estend x’on gahqan koysti yiskuc qal shidan x’onargu gah kursi x’onc’nde. Apm bestargend daxhis

nabmnsue

pug

maq

1.Nyava yanxsi bá bay xyam kizhis koysti yiskuwoxn bana xyamn ……. itsayqn guzn gapmi haknsue.

2.Gyars pugnd no tohn irat hatsargu aparqn detsasa no ……… koysti yiskue. 3.Birtunkuna abakadoa mangoa dumarnda bá ap mustagend guzn ………… masknsa no mvnsue koysti yiskue.

4.No gap …….. no baqan gyarsnagend pugendis nabma no haknsue.

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Can 3: 8nuc ab ert Qalnd Qalndis gebsas qayxsa Qayxs 6 Hac dungam amtsa estend bodam qalnd tohn qast qalnd qazqi gebsi qayxsnde. Amts: Ats atsnd Ats Atsa ak 1. yisku ___________ 4. dor ___________ 2. woxs ___________ 5. beq ___________ 3. atu ___________ 6. dod ___________

Qayxs 7 Wo ersasagendo! tamar nyavndi malatndam gaxsasi bá kats tarikis xsapmnsueshn hayxnde.

Qayxs 8 Wo tamar nyavndo! yintayqna bana ab gobqan dyamuc gahndis amtsa estuc bodam xsapmnde. Can

Canam dutam donta cec ketn ata ta kartue.Uc geshn tá ap maska dutamuc mvi ta mvue. Uc geshn tá dabtar ak maxn yitsa tá penais tá hayqan ta yitsue.Ucam tá hayqan ta yitsuc tá penais xalkn bytnsa ta koyu.Ucam tá micha penai tá hayqan yistn beqnsa haran koyai yistao? maken.Tanedi “ tá penai ta maku”. Wusisnd “tá gex’nsa ní hayqanuci hareo?” maken. Ucam tana yelanaga yanqnsa “Yeri nim uts mak”maknsi donta ert ketn ta hanqu.

Makcan Orob Amash Mitsir

Xsap bod Qayxs

Wo tamar nyavndo! yintayqn ersasagendi nababmi yiskuc x’on gahis daqnargu yisti malatndam gaxsasi xsapmnde.

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Can 3: 9nuc ab ert Ibaram nabab gyars pugnd nab Nabab aparqnuc oxh

Qayxs 6 “Gyars pugnd nab” maki yiskuc nababqan ap gaha yintayqn tatsi yiskucis nab bodis hayxnde.

Nabab Qayxsnde

“Gyars pugnd nab” maki yiskuc nababqan yi ̋gadn uc’ paragirapis yintayqn katsis konq maknsi bitni nababmnde.

Hayx Qayxs 7 Can1 ab1nuc ertn “Gyars pugnd ” maki yiskuca can 3 ab 7nuc ertna “Gyars pugnd nab” maki yiskucis yintayqn tatsi yiskuc bodam hayxnde.

Gah hig Qal qayxs besaguc: boba ab bes Nababmnsi oxh malatamndis qayxsnde Qalnd

Maxnuc bob

Namuc bob

Kaznuc bob

Tá Ta Ní Ni ̋ Ni Wu Yi Itsayqn

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Qayxs Hac dungam estend x’on gah gobqan madaba qal qayxs besaguca ab besagucais badasi itsayqn tovqan aramende. pyad 1nuc

1

Omtan yi ̋ wurnuc wucis tá wucasna wursue.

2

Yisi hac ert ketn yisti atnsu.

3

Itsayqn wonsan atnsende.

4

Tana omtan sura xsid gixsangi yevu.

5

Hane wonsan ert ketn no dyame.

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3nuc

hac

Yitsi peshkuc

Kon ab

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Yirc 10

Can 1: 1nuc ab ert

Qal gixim

Qal gixim Xsapuca xsaparguca gixim Qal ert Beck Qayxs 1 Hac dungam becki xsapndis estuc amts bodam qalndis kars xamnde. Amts: bab –am - uc = babamuc 1. itsayqn – de – shn : -------------------2. bom – n – su – eshn : -------------------3. gyars – a – s – n – sue : ----------------4. xsap – a –r – ge - nd : ------------------

Qayxs 2 Hac dungam estend qalndis bitni nababmnde. Gixim aynam kazh abam Mayt xhadam kay abam Zol abam irat abam

Nabab Xsapuca xsaparguca gixim Nabab aparqnuc oxh Aparqnuc ertam gaxsas

Qayxs 3 Hac dungam nabab aparqnuc oxhndis karsnde. 1. “Xsapuca xsaparguca gixim” maki yiskuc nabab ap gahi haran hayxnsan tatsi hayxnde.

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2.Xsapuca xsaparguca gixim dentkan yiskuci har zar max ata bad atagi yisteo?

Nabab yits Qayxs 4 Hac dungam yeshuc nababi xsapuca xsaparguca gixim maki yiskucagisn nabab uc dentkan yiskuci har zar max ata bad atagisn gixim katsais yintayqn sisti yisi yiskuc bodam nababmnde.

Xsapnda xsapargend gixim Giximi aysi nyavndi bá tatsis yi ̋am hayx yiskuc hayx boda gizio. Giximi yi ̋am hayxasni yiskucis kazhama aynama myat xhadama kay abama zolas peti yiskucam gixamam hayxasn yiskue.Yanq abam xsokam dubam dira durtam abam gixim qirxsi bá badam badam yiskue.Mazmura dubai giximam tatsi hayxaga dyama boda gizio. Giximi atsaga katsn ezaga gaxs utsi yiskue.Giximi atsaga debis irsnsue yitsis bomnsue aynqan shidan iratkan no debis no bomnsueshn gatsnsue yanqan ats karsnsue dap makn tats utsnsue.Giximi yapa baysa abam wobsa xsona abam cuna baxhais no haynsueshn gatsn yiskue.Bana nababsnagucn zema gizio. Giximi bá dyama bana yiskuc bodam xsapuca xsaparguca masti nam qodn haknsue.Xsapuc gixime no makn maxsapm shidan worqatn xsapuc babamuc gixama petan xsapam dyadn gyar apm gyarsasni yiskue.Xsaparguc gixime no makn cod ab nonam yi petan giximaga qirxsi dyami yisku yi petan nonam hayxasni yiskendis kangi uxnsi yiskue. Xsapargend gixim babi kang atsa gizio.Bad atang shidan ta hatse masti yiskuc gixim shidan xsapuci gixim babi kaygue. Gixim zara namaisind max itsayqn hatsi yiskuc qayxsi yiskue.Enda qayxsndisind bá name giximi xsapaga qod peti yisti atsaga tats hayxnsueshn harki yiskuc bodam yeshuca gizio. Giximi max qirxsam yeshue no makn giximi harga bá masmarama pikn yi wurnuc pidala zari max yiskucam yeshana gizio. Ucagon yi petasn yi ̋ harkuci beshashn kotaga badati itsayqndeshn yiskue. Xsapuc giximi yeshshndam maxap bana xsapucam bá bomargu yistana gizio.Uc geshn dyadn yisti gyara apmucn dadn xsapam gyarsasnsue.Giximi xsapargu bana petan xsapuc gixima bana bad atnsue. Xsap tun: Kebede Mikiyel (1999) masti yiskuc xsapkan yeshu). •

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Tovo dub dentkan “Yero dato” maki yiskuc dubaga gixim Ayn/Yepm/ dub • Wo yero dato!wo! • Wo babo boyte ! • Woxi bab zyamada • Yero dato! Wo! • Wo babo boyte! • Girasa ketnas makargue. • Esn zolo! Tá babo! • Ninend ní aban ni baqa yiskue. • Yepi beshmake esn zolo! • Wo babo boyte! esn macho. Zolqa no qayxse - Dutam sokama pazashin.

- Kangwoyn giras masteshn. - Qosh qosh no makn nonend ketnas no atnsue. - Zolqa no qayxsargu shidan. - Giri no ketn vyardangi kesargu shidan. - Esn pazi no ac’kan vyarda. - No giram dontucama. - Woxi soyesarage beleshna. - Wos zolqa no qayxsa beqe. - Suma giram sumtseshn. - Gidi yistn giras masteshni. - Wox bab zyamagi esn wu make! - Qayxsqan esn ta vyardangue!

2x

“Siso yaro” kaznuc tyarb dub Mayti zadasni xharqn hasn. Yelashi yisn xup’m. Ayni byastam. Bavu nyava ingi yisn dubm. Syasi syasn tori yisn dostn. Wo beqnsu apkan bene!

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Cod atsi yisn x’arnsi beqnsna. Siso yaro Benc’ dos duba gizio. Nabab geshnuc oxh

Qayxs 5

• Xsapuca xsaparguca gixim dentkan badat noti yiskuc yeshuc hac gob yeshucis yintayqn dabtarn xsapmnsi qayxsnde.

Xsapuc gixim

Max at

-

ambal

Xsaparguc gixim -

-

Qayxs 6 Hac dungam nababqan yisti keskend oxhndis karsnde. 1. Zolqa no qayxse maki yiskuc giximqan “Woxi soyesarge beleshna” maki xsapuci hayxu hareshneo? 2. Yero dato maki yiskuc giximan “Woxi girasa ketnasa makargu” maki yiskuci har makeo? 3. Siso yaro maki yiskuc giximqan “Cod atsi yisn x’arnsi beqnsna” maki yiskuc har makeo?

Can 1: 2nuc ab ert Qalnd Qalnda max porshamnd Qayxs 7 Nababqan yisti keskend qalndeshn harkni yiskend porsh utsnde.

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1 bavu nyav

2.xharqan 3.x’arnsi

4. Cod

5. Ayn

6.beshmake

Xsap Paragirap xsap Gixim xsap Qayxs 8 Hac dungam estend giximis nababmnde.

Ert ketn

Ert kete tá cunis ni ̋m ta hayxe. Tá yavis ibar tá hatsnsueshn ert ketn pesham. Wursnsi yiskuc tá katsaga boma acte. Tusis tam peto zolqa tá qayxsnsueshn. Tarikis ernsa atsa akis ta wobsnsueshn. Ni ̋ cunis ta hayxnsueshn gahgon tam uyxasn. Ni ̋ baqntanue tam yisto tá baye!

Qayxs 9 Wo tamar nyavndo! hac kam yintayqn nababmuc gixim bodam dumars gixim xsapi eti yevagi kipilqan yintayqn nalndeshn nababmnde.

Xsap hig Qayxs 10 Kozgni besagend qalnd Hac dungam kozgni besagend qalnda xsapndam gaxsasi x’on gah qayxsnde.

Hac hink hac hanga hac Amts: par zoqa hinka hac. Hinka ezubaya kazas hand.

Qayxs 11 Amtsa hac kam estuc bodam uc’ x’on gah qayxsnde.

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Can 1: 3nuc ab ert Ibaram nabab Xsapuca xsaparguca gixim Nabab aparqnuc oxh 1.“Xsapuca xsaparguca gixim” maki yiskuc nabab ap gahi haran hayxnsan tatsi hayxnde.

Nabab Qayxs 12 1. “Xsapuca xsaparguca gixim” maki yiskuc nabab gobqan yiskuc giximis yintayqn ersasaguc yizam nababmu bodam yintayq katsis konq maknsi nababmnde.

Sisnsuc nabab Xsapuca xsaparguca gixim Aparqnuc ertam gaxsas Qayxs 13 Hac dungam estend oxhndis karsnde. 1.Hac aparqn yintayqn eri yiskuc giximis Benc’am hayxnde. 2. Giximis yintayqn ersasaguc nababmu geshn nababmnde.

Sisnsuc nabab Qayxs 14 Yintayqn ersasaguci xsapuca xsaparguca giximis nababman giximaga max ata bad atais sisknsi hayxnde. Nababa geshnuc oxh

Qayxs 15

. Hac dungam “Kac’ qayxs ”maki yiskuc ap gaham yeshuc gixim nababmi yi ̋ ap gah hayxnde

Kac’ qayxs Wol obara makarguc kac’ qayxsam. Tá gamtsa makarguc ni qayxsam. Yarmam woxa donta qayxsa. Ni dod iqa ni keteshn gisargu aqaguco! Ni zolasa gizio ni kac’ qayxsamo.

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Es kay mako ni qayxsi soya gizio. Woxso! Ni zol qayxsa ucama. Aparqn ato ni kac’ qayxsama. Manti kayan kev makni kangwoyna. Kambulam no dod no kac’nsargoge mant shichnsa. Hacam gyar ez tats tatsnsa no qayxse kambulam no kac’nsueshn Ni zolasa gizio ni kac’ qayxsamo.

Gah hig Petuca petarguca x’on gahnd Qayxs 16 Hac dungam petuc x’on gahis petargu x’on gahqan bom xsapmnde. 1.Nasa Kelasi ket gixsu. 2.Yisi soy atsa gizio. 3.Nansi ketn yisku. 4.Nama melubaya zol tamar nyava gizio. 5.Dos dubi soye. 6.Nansa nama nalasa gizio.

Can 2: 4nuc ab ert gixim zarnd Nabab aparqnuc oxh gixim Aparqnuc ertam gaxsas Qayxs 1 Hac dungam gixima yeshucis nababmi ap gahis ernde. Gixim Benc’non gahqan bá badam badamend xsapargend giximendi yiskende.Gixima endisind mitsa qayxsa dos duba nyava yanxs kasa dumarnda gizio.Wos gixima end dentkan nyava yanxs kas giximis amtseshn ni beqe.

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Nabab Mv ap dubdas gixim Mv ap dubdas abam atsnd shidan kac’agend bá mant báis yi ̋am nacaguca bá cun gixima hayxaguca gizio. Bá qayxsam kazh Bukasi qaqagucn dodis bongalnagucn. Bukas qaqagucn bukas babadao! Masti cemi qayxsen xup’m. Ersti yisku uci Benc’ dosni. Bukasi bana qayxsuc dichi mat mvnsi olagucn. Bukas baba kasi dichi gez ucknsi yisn qazagucn. Aba ucam bela koya kaygue!kyap’ aba gizio. Qayxsuc manti bá qayxsucam kazhni. Yaki mvuc babi kazham bá mant oyntn qazni. Kyap’ ab yi ̋ petuci ucam ertsti yiskue. No doda Benc’mazhna.

Nyava yanxs kas Nyava yanxs kasi dos yitsqan maxa gizio.Dos yitsa ucyisind dyadn woxnsi gyara apmucn dyadn gyarsam hayxasn hanqi yiskuca gizio.Nyava yanxs kasi coda yí petasn pyad kas yi dentkanuc maxa gizio.Nyava yanxs kasi atsis kazhasia gex’asia x’arasia yiskuc kasa gizio.Nyava yanxsi kasis gyarn uxi hayxi kasn haknsnde.Wos hac dungam nyava yanxs pyad kasis giximam gyarsasni yiskuc kasis beqn ni haknsue.

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Pyad kas Max maxryab Nam nyika Kaz kanab Od oysa Uc’ ukariab Sapm sartet Napm nartet Nyartn nyalez Irsn ikat Tam Tadisse.

pyad kas

Nabab geshnuc oxh

Qayxs 2 Hac dungam estuc oxhis karsnde. 1.Yintayqn gapm nyava yanxs kasa giximam yintayqn eri yiskucis hayxnde? Hac dungam yeshuc giximis nababmnsi nababaga tatsis hayxnde.

Tá baye Irsni vyarp tá xep’a wursasa. Táis ni irsnsueshn obar wola beqa.

Belam koyama ni ̋m yista tá musa ucasa. Ni ̋m margu qorsta yista tá maysa.

Táis ats ni hatsnsueshn iratis ni bequci. Hac tá tatsni tá deb kam atu ni cuni. Tá baye kangwoyni yisto! apaman tá ni beqe.

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Can 2: 5nuc ab ert Qalnd Qalndam x’on gah qayxs Hac dungam estend qalndam x’on gah qayxsnde. 1.cun 2.obar 3.bel 4.wol 5.zolas

Xsap Paragirap xsap Gixim xsap Qayxs 3 Hac dungam estend ap gaham shidan dumarsa yintayqn cuni yiskuc ap gah kursnsi gixim xsapmnde. 1. ert 2. Nal 3. Ert ket 4. edis

Xsap Xsap hig Qayxs 4 Hac dungam petargucam xsapnd x’on gahis petucam bomi xsapmnde. 1.Nansi gabm hamargu. 2.Woxsashidue. 3.Nama Belina soyesargene. 4.Woynten nansi maxsap nababmargu. 5.Nansa Kelasa nama Ketinina nalasesargend.

Can 2: 6nuc ab ert baram nabab gixim Nabab aparqnuc oxh Can1 ab 4nucn nababsnuc gixim dentkan eri yintayqn yiskucis hayxnde.

Nabab Qayxs 4 Can1 ab 4nuc ert mva ap dubdas maki yiskuc giximis soysi nababmnde.

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IHayx Qayxs 5 “Nyava yanxs kas” dentkan yintayqn eri yiskuc kasis giximam xsapmnsi yintayqn nalndeshn kipilqan nababmnde.

Gah hig Oxh qalnd x’on gah Qayxs 6 Hac dungam estend oxh qalndam x’on gah x’onc’i xsapmnde. Wosken 1. 2. 3. 4.

oneo

wosas

harqan

har

hareshn

Maxsapa hac xsapui ………… ? Kelasi ……….. haqadeo? Nansi …………. yevadeo? Belina ………… atada?

Can 3: 7nuc ab ert sene qal nac Qal ert Qalndis bitni nabab Qayxs 1 Hac dungam estend qalndis ibaram nababmnde. A B C Konsu cacnsu pikasi Mit kyarsnsuc qayxsuci Mant gabtn qayxsarguci aynsue

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Nabab gixim Nabab aparqnuc oxh Aparqnuc ertam gaxsas Qayxs 2 Can1 ab 4nuc ertn nababsnuc giximi eri yintayqn yistan hayxnde. Nabab yits Qayxs Hac dungam yeshuc giximis yintayqn katsis konq maknsi nababmnde.

Gixim A.Pikasi qayxsuci soy mv ap yapm. Pikasi qayxsarguc pikasi qayxsuc hatsis ayna. Ni aynagueshn pikasa ni qayxsasn wos soyxase. B.Kontsu manti ersti yiskue bá apm. Tyatnsu nansi bá babm purn ersti yiskue. Merqnsu oynyavi bá butarne. Cacnsen mita bá yinxsni. Kyarsnsuc mvi bá gabtne. C.

Mashkaram gadnsi nababmarguc tamar nyava. Qayxs yarmi erarguc kac’asa maxe. Bá qayxs qop beqnsend senyama.

Ch. Abis soysi gaxsasi qayxsangi. Qayxsa bana yakucis pikasi dubdasnangi. Giras petuci oneo? qayxsi yisti. Tá apam ta beqargue giras petucisa.

Nabab geshn oxh Qayxs 3 Hac dungam estend oxhndis karsnde. 1.

Hac kamam xsapnd gixim porsh hayxnde.

2.

“Bá beqnsend senyama” maki yiskuci har makeo?

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Can 3: 8nuc ab ert Qalnd Hac dungam estend qalndis pashi ingasnde. “A”

“B”

1.Kaz

A. sis

2. pu – n

B.oysa

3.Napm

C. r

4.Ind qal

Ch. kanab

5.od

C’. nartet D. sisnsuc

Xsap Gixim xsap Qayxs 4 Can1 ab 5nuc ertn xsapuc ap gahn dontangi giximis dumarsis karsi xsapmnde.

Xsap hig Qayxs 5 Sovn segam yisti tami cohi ata Girasa ketnas makargue. Iqa yarsa makargue. Dala xsidnda makargue. Atsaga zaris oxhargue. Edis pugi tam cohwoxn ats zaris wursangue dod debma. Hayi yisn yiskuci sis make esa hacisa. Edis pugi mayna vyana dyamam yevi yiskuc puga gizio.

Qayxs 6 Wo tamar nyavndo! hac kam yintayqn nababmuc gixim bodam dumars gixim yintayqn cuni yiskuc ap gah kursi xsapmnde.

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Can 3: 9nuc ab ert

Ibaram nabab gixim xsap Nabab aparqnuc oxh Qayxs 7 Can1 ab 7nuc ertn xsapnd gixim dentkan eri yintayqn yiskucis gixim ap gahis hayxnde.

Nabab Qayxs 8 Can1 ab 7nuc ertn xsapnd giximis soysi kars nababmnde.

Hayx Qayxs 9 Benc’non gixima yintayqn eri yiskuci yistan hayxnde.

Gah hig Oxh qal Qayxs 10 Hac dungam oxh qalnda estendam sapm x’on gah qayxsnde. Oneo wosasam har hareshn wosken

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hanucn

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