Bencʼnon. Tamar nyav maxsap. 4 kipil

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Benc’non Tamar nyav maxsap

4 kipil

Benc’non Tamar nyav maxsap 4 kipil Yeshasend

Tekle Gizaw Barnabas Komta

Pikasuc

Meseret Balku

Gatsned

Mestie Mekonen Abebe Yirgashewa Aija Katrina Ahlberg Cara Ediger

Kompiteram pikasuc

Meseret Balku

Sivil qayxsen:

Senait Mamo Worku

2006 berg

Mizan Tapari

መብቱ በደ/ብ/ብ/ህ/ክ/መ/ ትምህርት ቢሮ የቤንች ማጂ ዞን ትምህርት መምሪያና የኤስ አይ ኤል ኢትዮጵያ ነው።

በደ/ብ/ብ/ህ/ክ/መ/ ትምህርት ቢሮ በቤንች ማጂ ዞን ትምህርት መምሪያና በኤስ አይ ኤል ኢትዮጵያ ትብብር ተዘጋጀ። 2006 ዓ.ም.(2014) Grade 4 mother tongue text book in Bench Language. First trial edition, published for Mother Tongue medium of instruction pilot classes by SIL Bench-Maji Zone Language Development and Mother Tongue Based Multilingual Education Project,P.O. Box 64, Mizan Teferi, Tel. 047 335 1715 The project is implemented jointly by Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Regional Government, Bench-Maji Zone Administration, and SIL Ethiopia.

Gah ap kes Yirc ................................................................................ pyad Yirc max: gapaga baq ............................................................. 1 ...................................................................... 1 Inch ni toke .......................................................................... 6 Irkan qayxs .......................................................................... 9 Yirc N

: A s qixs Xep’

end ............................................. 13

Markaba babura ................................................................. 13 Nansa Toskaa xuga ............................................................. 17 ilakopter ............................................................................ 22 Goc’en

ropl n.................................................................. 26

Yirc Kaz: Gatsam qayxs......................................................... 31 Gatsam qayxs ..................................................................... 31 Ertnasa Sirat ...................................................................... 35 Atsnda gats yakenda, yapargenda ........................................ 39 Yirc Od: Vyana mayna .......................................................... 44 Besa mashta qayxs ............................................................. 44 Iqarguc yista bes vyarsa yisken mayn debm ati yiskuc irat ..... 49 Yirc Uc’: shirshir b .............................................................. 53 Kutsa maxn yisti kutsa dumarsn hameshn yesh ..................... 53 Hawasa hayq ...................................................................... 57 Gelitn nyal tok .................................................................... 61 i

Yirc Sapm: Isport ................................................................. 66 Mogn ................................................................................. 66 Tov kos kas ......................................................................... 71 Isport qayxsaguc Solomon ................................................... 75 ch osi

sns c bod................................................. 79

Yirc Napm: Sov .................................................................... 84 Sov .................................................................................... 84 Sovis xisham baq ................................................................ 89 Tatsarguc cobara diha ........................................................ 93 Yirc Nyartn: Marazha tun ..................................................... 98 Gazexaqan yiskend irat ....................................................... 98 Radonaga dyad ................................................................. 102 Yirc Irsn: Gix ..................................................................... 107 Gipir qoxsa gixa ................................................................ 107 Matsn gixnin .................................................................... 112 Yirc

: N qer qer

ri ............................................... 117

Nama Gena ...................................................................... 117 Nasa Kozhu ...................................................................... 121 h si

h

.............................................................. 125

Doktar Gozar.................................................................... 129

ii

Yirc max: gapaga baq Tagua Shavi tamam bunqi yistn beqi eri yistade? N

p

n is

c sh

is ni bunsia, capia baysan haragi atnseo?

Hac dungam yiskend qalatnd nababmde.

xsyaxsend

bunqnsargueshn

buknsargue

haknsargue

yitsashido

dubdasn

cd n

is rsi

c n b bis ers s

ci n b b

n b b si in

q n

rd r

xn oqn n ns yiskuca sh

shn is c b

h nqend dubdasn

oh b bi

gesh Tagun

b bi

cn

i

n q

ohis

ci is n in ers s

n

c q

b b xsni b

qn

c oxhnde.

ech masti n

qixs e i

n xsyaxsend. Uc geshn Tagui dir kati

xsn is end. Tagu babi boch bana mant qayxsu n is so

Y b bi h nq

eshn

b nsni e i e d dn

sisnde Uc eshn in

s i is

snsi b d

b nqn beqi

n xish

c

n q

c sni e i so q n hanqu. ib

n q

xsi is i diris

is shavqan yitsn bunqu

i sh

i

xsi is . Ucam nasa gibirna qayxsasi

bodam hamagi ati shavi bunqi yistn beqnsi “Shavi tamam kup wura!” maki kevu.

1

Ucam Tagui haran manse?

Ucam Tagui manta bana qayxsa yiskuc boknsi woxsi bavu. Gibirna qayxsasa uci e n is endi sh

s b oxsi

b ni s

n q

qn b n

q n c de ni osend

dyantis sov uc si

xsi

b bind b

r i is i

x’ bis

n

beqnsi woxsi atagucn atsi tamis dekni tosnsi cobti yistn atu. Ucam gibirna qayxsasa uci atsnda tam tosendis galatnsi “Shavi kaygu petan woli buknsargue. Woli bukargu shidan mva yintayqni q

xsi is

ci p’oqi p xni haknsargue. Uceshn shavi tamam

bunqnsargueshn yinti baqnsui koysti yiskue.” A sndi h nq

eshn n ns

shavqan tam yitsashido.”

i i

ri

n

in c

shidue.

2

ii s

qn i nsi h nq

b bi “Hac geshn nam karta dnsi sh

q n

is r

Dosas 1: Hac kamam yiskuc nababis xisham nababmsi hac dungam yiskend oxhndis karsnde.

1.

b bi

sn

n

snsi h c

n h nq deo?

2. Gibirna qayxsasi har beqnsian kevadeo? 3. Tagui manta qayxsi yisti boknsi hanquci har petnseo? 4. Tagui hareshnan atsa bana tam dekni tosargu woxsi bavadeo? 5. Shavi kaygu petan dumars har iratagi ats debm atnseo? Dosas 2: Hac kamam “Tagua

” maki yiskuc tarikis yintayqn pyadam taram taram kot

Kot qodni karsi nababmde. Myat pavi yiskend qalati yistan karsi itsayqn nababmde. Uc geshn hac dungam yiskend x’on r end gahndis gal kutskan xsapi x’onc’nde

1.

b b b

ohis

n

q

xsni

_____________________________. 2.

b bi

sn

n

snsi b d

ntis

______________________________. 3. Tagui tamis shavqan _______________________________. 4. Gibirna qayxsasi shavi tamam bunqi yistn beqnsi _______________________________. 5. Gibirna qayxsasi tam tosend atsndis _______________________________. 6. Tagu babi karti yisi atn ______________________________.

3

Dosas 3: Hac dungam yiskend nababmsi itsayqn porshi haran yint barqn ochnde.

1. shav

qanuc

shavqanuc

2. tam

qanuc

tamqanuc

3. qixs

qanuc

qixsqanuc

4. Sov

qanuc

sovqanuc

Hac kamam d n

rn is end q l

es end

s beqnsi

xs sni x’on osn

l

s

hh

xnde Uc geshn h c

n x’onc’nde.

Amts: Atsa bana tama shavqanuc dekni tosend. (shav) 1. N nsi

b

2. N si b

’on

i

. (tam)

n _________ buyx tebu. (qixs)

3. N si b sh n Dosas 4: Hac kamam “

ei e i

p’ex d

d . (sov)

“maki yiskuc tarikis sasam yintayqn kay nababmde. Uc

geshn Tagui haran qayxsasan xsapmde. Dosas 5: Yintayqn ersasaguci hayxi yiskucis tyapasi siski yint dabtarn soy maki xsapmde. Dosas 6: Budinam yint qodangi hac kamam”

” maki yiskuc nababis taram

taram nababmde. Dosas 7: H c d n

es end

s beqnsi

dungam xsapangi yiskend sumis itsayqn

pidalaga apara geshara baqnsi xsapmde.

Amts: Kozhu

Gacin

Almaz

Zoyta

4

Pidalaga apara geshar baqnsi ni karsi xsapagucn

Almaz

Gacin

Kozhu

Zoyta

Hac dungam yiskend sumis amtsa estuc bodam pidalaga apara geshara baqnsi karsi xsapmde.

Dechu Zoyx Mardiab

Aynab

Baznkes

Dosas 8: Yintayqn ersasaguci hayxi yiskucis tyapasi siski yint dabtarn soy maki xsapmde. Dosas 9:

cd n

x’on

h

p

n obq n is end q l nd den

n x’on

h

cis

ibar hatsnsendis kursi kutsa galqan xsapmde.

1. A sin b besn

______. ( ucasen,

kaxhen, wohen)

2. Ketsa nam__________. ( coven, mulen,

myanten )

3. Yangari bod gashn___________. (ocu, doru, qeqarnu) Dosas 10: Hac kamam “

” maki yiskuc nabab tovqan yiskuc sivil beqnsi sivila

uci haran yintayqn besi yistan yint barqn

debm ochnde.

Dosas 11: Yintayqni ochnuc tatsn dontnsi yintayqn gapkan es yiskuc tami donti shav buntsan haran yint gapkan yiskend atsa yinta yinti yitsnsan xsapmde.

5

Inch ni toke Inch toki eri yistade? Inch dogi ni baysan haragi petnseo? Hac dungam yiskend qalatnd nababmde.

p’e s tok cd n

is rsi

detsasi

c n b bis ers s n b b si in

ci n b b q n

n xish

rd r

ci is n in ers s

Danis ni capi bunsn odi b

shid n

Dulduli bavan woli bavnsue Dodi kolnsue obari bednsue od n rsi b sh dns e Uc aparn detsasi Inch ni p’e se! Inch ni toke! Inch ni dogi baysan Gizndi kash citn baysnsende Gizndi mvnsu mati bavnsue i pi b

sisnde Uc eshn in

olns e

Mvi myat melnsargue Ucam dontuc beli bednsue 6

qn

c oxhnde.

Uc aparn detsasi Inch ni p’e se! Inch ni toke! Dosas 1: Hac kamam yiskuc nababis xisham nababmsi hac dungam yiskend oxhndis karsnde.

1.

Inch ni dogi baysan giznd debm har iratagi atnseo?

2.

od n rsi b sh dns r

3.

eshn h r n ni itsnsueo?

Inch ni tokargu shidan ats debm har iratagi atnseo?

4. Yin

qn

p

n is end

sndi h r in i i s n n b

n i

inch toknseo? Dosas 2: Nababa “Inch ni toke” maki yiskuc tarikis yintayqn pyadam taram taram kot kot qodni karsi nababmde. Uc geshn tarika yinti nababmuc karsi yinti hayxnsueshn gatsnsnd qalis badasi yint dabtarn xsapmde. Yinti xsapend qalis bordn xsapmde. Qalata endama dumarsndama gaxsasni tarika “Inch ni toke” maki yiskucis karsi yint nalndeshn hayxnde. Dosas 3: Hac dungam estend

s beqnsi

dungam xsapangi yiskend sumis itsayqn

pidalaga apara geshara baqnsi xsapmde.

Amts: Tamirat

Mulat

Taspay

Bayba

Mala

Pidalaga apara geshar baqnsi ni karsi xsapagucn.

Bayba

Mala

Mulat

Tamirat

Taspay

Hac dungam yiskend sumis amtsa estuc bodam pidalaga apara geshara baqnsi karsi xsapmde.

Tada

Koshu

Dayma 7

Dobul

Tustet

Komtu

Dosas 4: Hac kamam “Inch ni toke”maki yiskuc giximis sasam yintayqn kay nababmde. Uc geshn yinti

qan eruc ertis yint ersasagucn hayxnde.

Dosas 5: Yintayqn ersasaguci hayxi yiskucis tyapasi siski yint dabtarn soy maki xsapmde. Dosas 6: Budinam yint qodangi hac kamam”Inch ni toke “maki yiskuc nababis taram taram nababmde. Dosas 7: Hac d n

es end

s beqnsi

dungam xsapangi yiskend sumis itsayqn

pidalaga apara geshara baqnsi xsapmde.

Amts: Gedu

Dima

Digit

Dortet

Pidalaga apara geshar baqnsi ni karsi xsapagucn

Gedu

Digit

Dima

Dortet

Hac dungam yiskend sumis amtsa estuc bodam pidalaga apara geshara baqnsi karsi xsapmde.

Ketnin

Kula Mustet

Mada

Guda Gena Gonxi

Dosas 8: Yintayqn ersasaguci hayxi yiskucis tyapasi siski yint dabtarn soy maki xsapmde. Dosas 9: Hac dungam yiskend qalat dentkan bad ati yiskuc qalat karsnde.

1.

Dyant, dor. kets, dichi

2.

Panxs, dodbah, yangar, mit

3.

’on ,

ch,

os,

Dosas 10: Hac kamam “Inch ni toke” h r n in

c’ i is

qn besi is n in b rqn

c n b b o q n is deb

c si il beqnsi si il

ochnde.

Dosas 11: Timirt ket maqasa, timirt ketn inch toka qayxsi qayxsagucn haran yintayqni qayxsi yisku petan xsapmde.

8

ci

Irkan qayxs Mv kamm atsi irkan qayxsi yistn beqi eri yistade? A si h reshn n b

ir

nq

xsi is eo?

Hac dungam yiskend qalatnd nababmde.

masnsargueshn hamsargueshn qayxsagucn cd n

is

c n b bis ers s

n b b si in

q n

ci n b b n xish

rd r

wogasnsuc

sisnde Uc eshn in

ci is n in ers s

qn

rsi

c oxhnde.

Mvi doda cankna doda gagna qayxsni hansue. Irkan masti yiskuci doda gagn gyarasn qayxsangi cobari dod masnsargueshn n i io Y

xsi dod

i ol

b

Doda gagn mv ni qayxsagucn is n cob ri n Y n bi cob ri b

cb

xis b n

s

n Ir

is ni

sn q

cb

n

xs n i

ih

ns r

e

q n wogasnsuc boyii

xsi esh n i is ns e

s i e i is c

nis ni q

s ie ih

e

x so is cob ri

xs n i is

r sn ir

xis

r sn ish sni shid n enc’i q buyxaga gola cobaram b

c

s i hammsargueshn gaxsi yiskue.

den n

is

i is

ci

o ni h

s ie ih

o i

c

n

ns e Uc bod

r

eshn ni b qns e

i ol b n pe eshn

p

e sni

haknsue. Hamagi doda gagn irkan qayxsargu yisti ni qayxsi yisku petan cob ri n

is

cb

x o is

s ie ih

s e Uc

kay shidnsue. Doda ucn bostuc mvi kotaga obar

oli b

dod ns e N

kama ucn bosti yiskuc mvi kolarguagon shidasi myat ap utsni haknsargue. 9

ib

Uceshn n

i

e sns eshn n

irkan ni qayxsnsui

koysti yiskue.

Dosas 1: Hac kamam yiskuc nababis xisham nababmsi hac dungam yiskend oxhndis karsnde.

1. Irkan masti yiskuci hareo? 2. Irkani yisn qayxsangi yiskuc kami hareshnan myat mv ap utsi yisteo? 3. Doda gagn irkan ni qayxsargu shidan hareshnan myat mv meysashini ichi yisteo? 4. Yin q

qn b bi b xsi is

pe n h r

n is i in i

10

cn ir

nq

i ns e?

xs r

is i

Dosas 2: Nababa “Irkan qayxs” maki yiskuc tarikis yintayqn pyadam taram taram kot kot qodni karsi nababmde Uc eshn h c d n d b rn q

xsnsi oxh es end

r is

is

cs n x r

his in

qn

q n x’onc’nde.

1.

Tarika ucaga api gahi hareo?

2.

Tarika uckan namasa xsotsasni yiskend gahndi hareo?

3.

G hnd endi

4.

G hnd endi

x

i is

ci h r

eo?

b d ati yiskuci harameo?

1. ________________ 2. ________________ 4. _______________

3. _______________

_______________

_______________

_______________

_______________

_______________

_______________

Dosas 3: Hac dungam yiskend nababmsi itsayqn porshi haran yint barqn ochnde.

1.

cobar

am

cobaram

2.

tol

am

tolam

3.

obar

am

obaram

4.

wol

am

wolam

c

es end q l

beqnsi

osn

l

s

xs sni x’on

hh

xnde

cd n

es end

s

n x’onc’nde.

Amts: Ir

nn q

xs r

shid n b

xi cobaram b

sns e. (cobar)

1. Gaga irkan etkucn bostuc mvi kotaga ______ kolnsue. (obar) 11

2. N s

c’

ci shi in o i is i

b s

( ol)

3. Nyava yanxsi______buyx irki kaski yiskende. (tol) Dosas 4: Hac kamam “Irkan qayxs”maki yiskuc tarikis sasam yintayqn kay nababmde. Uc geshn hara haran yinti

q n erasan hayxnde.

Dosas 5: Yintayqn ersasaguci hayxi yiskucis tyapasi siski yint dabtarn soy maki xsapmde. Dosas 6: Budinam yint qodangi hac kamam”Irkan qayxs” maki yiskuc nababis taram taram nababmde. Dosas 7:

rn s

ndo in

qn n lnd s

, in

, in d b rn xs p si in ers s

qn er

e

obq n is end qixsnd

eshn n b b de

c in i xse endi b

kangi suma gizio. Dosas 8: Yintayqn ersasaguci hayxi yiskucis tyapasi siski yint dabtarn soy maki xsapmde. Dosas 9:

cd n

is end q l

den

x

i is end in

“A”

“B”

1. qog

a. baxh

2. ut

b. kobs

3. kazh

c. vyanx

4. yanq

d. dac

Dosas 10: Hac kamam “Irkan qayxs” h r n in

n b porsh

i is

qn besi is n in b rqn

c n b b o q n is deb

snde.

c si il beqnsi si il

ochnde.

Dosas 11: Yintayqn gap maqasi, inch toki, irkan qayxsi yinti baqashidan mytaga irata yint debm atnsuc xsapmde?

12

ci

Yirc Nam: A s qixs Xep’

end

Markaba babura Sivila hac dungam yiskuci hare? Hac dungam yiskend qalatnd nababmde.

markab cd n

is

bahar

babur

c n b bis ers s

wuqianos

ci n b b n xish

gaz

hadid

sisnde Uc eshn in

qn

rsi

nababmsi yint mayqan vyardarguci yistan yint ersasaguc oxhnde.

A sn

i

qixsis b

ch

ixsi

xs sni is

e.

Qixsa end dentkan atsa qixsa kutsa maxn yisti kutsa dumarsn hatsi yiskend gahnda gizio. Gahnda end dentkan markaba babura noti yiskuc gahis ni beqnsue. r d is

b b b r

s i is endi

s qixs

rsn h si is end

hnd

r

ci bodi b n

s qixs xh ni is ende. Kasi kutsa maxn yitsi

si

i io

s

b b b r

xn i si x

s i

kutsa dumarsn bana hamagucn gaz ucki yiskende. Gahnda dumarsnda gaz ucki yiskuci yistan hayxnde?

Is

qni

b dni is

c bodi: markani sov debman wopti yiskue.

Sova uci bahar shidan wuqianus

s i is

e

r

bi beshi p’ d r

e

Baburi yisn hanqi yiskuci dodn qayxsuc hadid masti yiskuc xurna i io

b ri p’ d

i io

13

Dosas 1: Hac kamam yiskuc nababis xisham nababmsi hac dungam yiskend oxhndis karsnde.

1. Markaba babura hareshn gaxsi yisteo? 2. Baburi harn hanqi yisteo? 3. Bahara wuqianusa badi haragisan hayxnde? Baburi sovn bana haman wosmaknseo? Dosas 2: Nababa “Markaba babura” maki yiskuc tarikis yintayqn pyadam taram taram kot kot qodni karsi nababmde. Uc eshn h c d n d b rn q

xsnsi oxh es end

r is

is

cs n x r

his in

q n x’onc’nde.

1. Tarika ucaga api gahi hareo? 2. Tarika uckan namasa xsotsasni yiskend gahndi hareo? 3. G hnd endi

x

i is

ci h r

eo?

4. G hnd endi

b d

i is

ci h r

eo?

14

qn

1. ____________________________ 2. ____________________________ 4. _______________

3. _______________

_______________

_______________

_______________

_______________ _______________ Dosas 3:

qer

qer

haknsue.

_______________

end qixseshn , atseshna, dodesna, gizndeshna sumi yistni

cd n

is end x’on

h den

nb

o q n ’o ’ sn n i is endi

suma gizio.

Amts: 1. Komtukesi b par xhanu. 2. Dorteti b gabat myasu. 3. Dawit dadn ati kartni omtan hanqu. c

es c

s beqnsi h c d n

is

c x’on

his in d b rn xs p si

dentkan sum petendis badasi yint dabtarn xsapmde.

1. Tyarba, conga, gotni hanqend. 2. Gacina, Todaa, endi kaygende. 3. G d i b

e sc

.

Dosas 4: Hac kamam “Babura markaba”maki yiskuc tarikis sasam yintayqn kay nababmde. Uc geshn Para makina maki yiskuc gah toh tovqan nabab xsapmnde. Dosas 5: Yintayqn ersasaguci hayxi yiskucis tyapasi siski yint dabtarn soy maki xsapmde.

15

Dosas 6: Budinam yint qodangi hac kamam”Babura markaba” maki yiskuc nababis taram taram nababmde. Dosas 7:

qer

qer

end qixseshna, atseshna, dodesna, gizndeshna sumi yistni

haknsue. Hac dungam yiskend nabab gobqan yisked sum petendis badasi xsapmde.

Maxn goqn kura kyana pashtni bodam hanqi yistend. Hanqi i si is

cn

r

so i is n

surqnsa yisten. Kura mva pesh

n

so

deb

n

dadn

c

qns

dontn hanqi ger gapm atend. Dosas 8: Yintayqn ersasaguci hayxi yiskucis tyapasi siski yint dabtarn soy maki xsapmde. Dosas 9:

cd n

is end q l

den

n b porsh

x

“A”

snde.

“B”

1. dal ____

a. dodn

2. p’ d ____

b. uynx

3. vyan_____

c. xsid

4. hayqn____ Dosas 10: Hac kamam “Babura markaba” ci h r n in

r end in

d. mayn

i is

qn besi is n in b rqn

c n b b o q n is deb

c si il beqnsi si il

ochnde.

Dosas 11: Kuts maxn yitsi kutsa dumarsn atsa qixsa eti hanqi yiskend gahnda yintayqni bequcis wos s

ni s

qni

s qixs xep’i eti hanqi yistan xsapmnde.

16

Nansa Toskaa xuga Sivila hac dungam yiskuci haran harki yisteo? Hac dungam yiskend qalatnd nababmde.

hamsargueshn

hakasnsarguagisn

Hac dungam yiskuc nababis ersasaguci nababan xisham sisnde. Uc geshn yintayqn kay n b b si in

q n

xn oqn n ns oqn n ns

os

p rqn h qixhn

i er

s i p

b

ci is n in ers s

os

s i is

ci

e nb

i ir is b n

c oxhnde.

p

xn is e rn

n b d b r xi h nqi bodn

isn do sn

Y b

rd r

i

xn

rs c eshn e. Uca

x

i

o is

o nsi shid .

is

purqn karta yistagucn Toskai bodn wognsi yistn

beqnsa “Wo Toska hareshn bodn wognsa yistao?” Toskai “X

rsi

o is qixh

don

h

oxhen. Ucam

n

cn

p

isn ana

wognsa yiskue.” maku. Uc geshn Toska yintayqni petasn haran yintayqni yitsnseo?

Uc eshn

b

“

dode! “M

b x’ c

pesh

b

ern c

gabm eta hanqa gota borsa bana eta yeva yiskuc kantamuc boys dodn yitsnsa “

os s

Toska shishn doysn qos n

do sn is

n

n n o ns

is n

ant yitsa eta hamsue?” maka is en Uc

cn n s N l b b

os s i is

b ci

b

is i b p r

byari eti atu. Ucam Toska baya “ bodn x

i

o is qixhn

o N l b bo p

isn

n nsi er

o nsi is 17

e

e n is i e i is n si

b

n e

hamsargueshn

n

b n hakasnsarguagisn n bixs rn i s ne

eta

hanqeno.” maka nasa Nalubabis qolen. Uc geshn nasa Nalubabi “

biri nen qoxsn

n

e

p rqn

hatse.” maku. Ucam Toska baya tam biri qoxsn nasa Nalubabi Toskais eti hanqi purqn hatsue.

18

Dosas 1: Hac kamam yiskuc nababis xisham nababmsi hac dungam yiskend oxhndis karsnde.

1. N ns

os

i h rq n is i e i is n bodn x

i

o qixh de?

2. Toskai haram hanqi purqn atadeo? 3. Toska baya atarguc shidasan Toskai har petnseo? 4. Toskais hareshn xugi qixhadeo? Dosas 2: Nababa “Nansa Toskaa xuga” maki yiskuc tarikis yintayqn pyadam taram taram kot kot qodni karsi nababmde. Uc geshn hac dungam estend oxhndis yintayqn nalnda yenta qayxsnde.

1. Tarika uckan ona onagi yistan badasi hayxnde. 2. Tarika uc harqanan petucwoxn yisteo? 3. Woskenan tarika uci bana petnsueshn hakadeo? 4. Wosasaman tarika uci gadadeo? 5. Tarika uckan geshn haragi atnseo? 6. Tarika uckan petuc ezaga gahi hareo? 7. Tarika ucaga wuri woseo? Dosas 3: Ats suma, dod s

, x’on

h

d b n xsapagucn pidala ezama gizio.

Amts: 1. Woynten dachur babi birqan ati kartni hanque. 2. N s

ob e i

b

h nqi b n ns

s e n s r , kota gotu.

Pikna bana xsapagucn

1. Woynten Dachur babi Birqan ati kartni hanque. 2. N s

ob e i

b

h nqi b n ns 19

s e n s r , kota gotu.

Amtsa estuc bodam hac dungam xsapangi yiskendis karsi yint dabtarn pikasi xsapmde.

1.

sin

o

2. n

r

s

is en b bes

e nin

s

is en

hir chen.

ich

en

s

is en

baxhn yeken. 3. n s b d

chi p rs i hi

ospi ln b n ns dob l b n

hanqu. Dosas 4: Hac kamam “Nansa Toska xuga”maki yiskuc tarikis sasam yintayqn kay nababmde. Uc geshn yint maxsapis beqargu yisti tatsa yinti nababmucis karsi uynxam xsapmde. Dosas 5: Yintayqn ersasaguci hayxi yiskucis tyapasi siski yint dabtarn soy maki xsapmde. Dosas 6: Budinam yint qodangi hac kamam”Nansa Toska xuga” maki yiskuc nababis taram taram nababmde Dosas 7: A s s e

, dod s i io

, x’on si x’on

h end h

x

pid l rn

dn ci b n xs p s

r

l i

cn pid l

xs sns i o s i

yiskue.

Amts: 1. Ert ket bodn kaski yistend nyavis itsayqn babi baxhu. 2. Gabm woski hanqend nyavndi muz goti kartend. c

es c

s bod

h cd n

es end x’on gahis karsi pikasi xsapmde.

1. tamar nyava namasi max gapkan yistend 2. s r b bi

c’

c

i io

3. biniyam babi ersasaguca gizio 4. er

e n is

b n

r

eshn b b b b 20

sni is ende

Dosas 8: Yintayqn ersasaguci hayxi yiskucis tyapasi siski yint dabtarn soy maki xsapmde. Dosas 9: Hac dungam yiskend qalat ingasi myant qal hatsi xsapmde.

“A”

“B”

1. inch ____

a. gyad

2. par ____

b. mul

3. ka ____

c. nyav

4. gyam____

d. kad

Dosas 10: Hac kamam “Nansa Toska xuga” si il Dosas 11:

ci h r n in s

xn i si

i is

c n b b o q n is

qn besi is n in b rqn s d

rsn

deb

c si il beqnsi

ochnde.

s qixs xep’i e i h nqi is end

gaxsis wosasaman itsayqni atsn gaxsi yistan xsapmnde.

21

hnd

Ilakopter Sivila haci haragisan hayxnde? Hac dungam yiskend qalatnd nababmde.

Ilakopter cd n

is

Mors

c n b bis ers s

n b b si in

r b

G cin

q n

p

ci n b b n xish rd r

sisnde Uc eshn in

qn

rsi

ci is n yint ersasaguc oxhnde.

xq n is ende

don i b

mvend. Uc geshn ert ketn hanqi atend.

ir

p

s nsi

rni pesh i

itsayqni kartagucn ilakoptera hayqn xharn puka hanqa is n beqnsi so si deb

hi

orsnende. Martaa Gacina es maki gahi morsnend:

Martaa:

Kira haygn xharn keva hanqa yiskan beqaran?

Gacin:

Kir esargene. Ilakoptera gizao

Marta:

Ilakoptar esargene.

Marta yintayqni petasn har tatsan yintayqni hayxnseo?

Gacin:

Ilakoptara haran era yistane?

Marta:

Kir zara gizao

Gacin:

Kir zar esargene. Ilakoptar masta yiskend er

h nqi is i ni beq c

in h r ene

ib

n x r

q

en xs n

yiskena gizao. Wusa gaxsa yiskuci atsa qixsa kutsa maxn yitsa kutsa dumarsn eta hanqa yiskene. Marta:

obi xsunada wosasaman atsa qixsa kutsa maxn

yitsa kutsa dumarsn eta hamsao? Haknsargene.

22

Gacin: ns h nq i il

Il

oper

is en

orsni is i

op er en b

in

h n h reshn

bodn is

cb

xn

is n dod sh r

c shidns r ene

beqni woxsend. Woxsi hanqi itsa qni xn

o ns

is n

nama Gacina hayxuci ib r pe n

beqend. r

irc

n

cn

si beqi c

l nene.

Dosas 1: Hac kamam yiskuc nababis xisham nababmsi hac dungam yiskend oxhndis karsnde.

1. Martaa Gacina hareshn gabm hanqade? 2. Gacinis hareshn Martaa galatnada? 3. Yintayqnis Marta intayqni petasan haran yintayqni hayxnseo? 4. Ilakoptera dodn wogena donta yisnga?

23

Dosas 2: Nababa “Ilakopter” maki yiskuc tarikis yintayqn pyadam taram taram kot kot qodni karsi nababmde. Uc geshn hac dungam estend oxhndis yintayqn nalnda yenta qayxsnde.

1. Tarika uckan ona onagi yistan badasi hayxnde. 2. Tarika uc harqanan petucwoxn yisteo? 3. Woskenan tarika uci bana petnsueshn hakadeo? 4. Tarika uci gadasna bana wuraguc etuc abis hayxnde? 5. Tarika uci wosasaman wuradeo? Dosas 3: Hac dungam yiskend nababmsi itsayqn porshi haran yint barqn ochnde.

1.

morns

end

morsnend

2.

at

end

atend

3.

mv

end

mvend

4.

woxs

end

woxsend

5.

beq

end

beqend

Hac kamam estend q l osn

l

s

xs sni x’on

h hayxnde.

cd n

es end

s beqnsi

n x’onc’nde

Amts: Martaa Gacina ilakopter debm morsnend. (morsn) 1. Ert ketn hanqi ________. (at) 2. 3. 4. Il

don i b b rqn

p

s nsi b

ors ni is i

op er b

xn

o ns

_______. (mv)

beqni ________. (woxs) is n

24

i

______. (beq)

Dosas 4: Hac kamam “Ilakopter”maki yiskuc tarikis sasam yintayqn kay nababmde. Uc geshn yin

xs p beq r

is i

sis

nx

xs p de.

Dosas 5: Yintayqn ersasaguci hayxi yiskucis tyapasi siski yint dabtarn soy maki xsapmde. Dosas 6: Budinam yint qodangi hac kamam”Ilakopter” maki yiskuc nababis taram taram nababmde. Dosas 7: Hac dungam estend amts bodam qayxsnde.

Amts: Ert ketn nababma, kaska, shala, woxsa no yiskue. Hac kamam yinti bequc bodam hac dungam yiskuc gal kuts x’onc’nde 1. Ert ketn _______, _________, ________, no yiskue. 2. Purqn hanqo ________, ________, ______ no yiskue. Dosas 8: Yintayqn ersasaguci hayxi yiskucis tyapasi siski yint dabtarn soy maki xsapmde. Dosas 9: Hac dungam yiskend ecec kart hayxnde.

1. Ne

beqn

beq r en h r o?

2. Hamagi hamagi wonsi hareo? 3.

b b

p rn os

on

peshi h reo?

4. Kah ustnsargisti ap zoqi hareo? 5. Xh ns r is i be ’ ni h reo? Dosas 10: Hac kamam “Ilakopter” h r n in

i is

c n b b o q n is

qn besi is n in b rqn

deb

c si il beqnsi si il

ci

ochnde.

Dosas 11: Yintayqni eri yiskend atsa qixsa kutsa maxn yitsi kutsa dumarsn eti hanqi yiskend gahndi wosasaman atseshn gaxsi yistan xsapmnde.

25

Goc’en

ropl n

Ayroplana hareshn gaxsa yistao? Hac dungam yiskend qalatnd nababmde.

Ayroplan cd n

is

shugux

c n b bis ers s

n b b si in

Ayroplani

sn

ci n b b n xish

q n

rd r

eshn

xs

sisnde Uc eshn in

ci is n in ers s

si is end

qn

rsi

c oxhnde.

hnd den

n

maxubaba gizio. Ayroplana uci utsi yiskuc gaxsi atsa qixsa kutsa maxn yitsi kutsa dumarsn eti hameshna mayt xhadeshna gaxsi yiskue. Maxn goqn ayroplana maxa atsis xhana kutsa maxn yitsa kutsa dum rsn e h nq

is ene

snsi

si

nqi q n

s rd

is

cn n s

cn bes r

xi

c is i

ropl n enis oc’ni rdi

snd b

sn

hanqi yiskenda bana hanqi yistu. Nasa uci haran yitsnseo?

N s

ci b

ech

n shuguxa xhuba yitsnsian yistu. Uc geshn nasa

uci dap dap maki ayroplana enis byari yiskuc nas dadn shiku. Uc geshn nasa uci ayroplan babis “

c

n

s

is

c

sn nen

e

hamsue.” maku. Ucam ayroplana enaga babi “Tana eta hamsague.” m

Uc eshn n s

ci b

ech

n i sns b n

ayroplan byari yiskuc nas uln nep yitsnsi “Gi

is

n n

c sh

xis

i

oxns e!” maku.

Uc geshn nasa ayroplan byari yiskuci sherqangi nasi hayxi yiskuc kutsn ayroplana enis byari eti hanqi yistu. Ucam hanqi bodn itsayqni atnagucn 26

ropl n en

i

r

yiskuc kutsn atarguc yista

Uc eshn n s s r

c

sn

yiskuc atsa kagi o p rs end Uc eshn n s

ropl n enis oc’i e i h nqi oxen Uc

gobqan

oc’i e i h nq ci

polisam usti xsyaxs ketn vyardn atsnda woxi purstendi wospitaln hanqa bana akamasuc geshn yisn bana tatsa hanquc kutsn atarguc yisti baxn kartende.

Dosas 1: Hac kamam yiskuc nababis xisham nababmsi hac dungam yiskend oxhndis karsnde.

1. Shugux masti yiskuci hareo? 2. Ayroplana hareshn bana tatsarguc kutsn hanqa woxada? 3. A snd h nqi is i esh

r endi

yisngo? 27

r ib

sn h

i

si

4. Ayroplana woxena karta donta yisnga? Dosas 2: Nababa “Goc’en

ropl n” maki yiskuc tarikis yintayqn pyadam taram taram kot

kot qodni karsi nababmde. Yin don c

qop

qni n b b

c

ri i h

xi is

ci n b

hi

i io.

1. Tarika yintayqni nababmuckan haragi petadeo? 2. Y n b 3.

h

ci atnsueshn hatsuci hareo?

cd n

is

Uc eshn

h

c s nx r c

his in

n b

qn d b rn q

qop

xsnde

q n x’onc’nde Y qop

Y n b

1. _________

1. ________

____ 2. _________ ____ 3. _________

Dosas 3: Yi s h

x

obq n q xs p

n

c: Yi s h xs q

x

ci x’on

xs c shid n i s ri

h shid n p’ d i s c besi is

rn n xs pi is

e

cd n

____

xs pis n xs p

cq l b

yiskuci yits hayxagua gizio.

Amts: 1. Ezubaya kizh ucken. 2. Omtan Kelasa, Martaa ert ketn hanqende. 3. Gixn s p ri

dichiis bodn pakasu.

28

i io

c

enc’ non

o n ’o ’ sn n i

c

es end

s bod

h cd n

is end x’on

h den

n is

hayxagucis yint dabtarn xsapmsi yint ersasagucn besnde.

1. Nama saxan debm kesken. 2.

rn

3.

c’

ndi b

ci b

Dosas 4: Hac kamam “Goc’en

s end.

n eshn he

o .

ropl n “maki yiskuc tarikis sasam yintayqn kay nababmde.

Uc geshn (makina, para, kura) maki yiskend gah toh dentkan max kursnsi atsi xish yitsargucam dontuc itsayqni hatsi yiskuc irat hayxi yiskuc nabab xsapmde. Dosas 5: Yintayqn ersasaguci hayxi yiskucis tyapasi siski yint dabtarn soy maki xsapmde. Dosas 6: Budinam yint qodangi hac kamam”Goc’en

ropl n” maki yiskuc nababis taram

taram nababmde. Dosas 7: Yi s h

x

obq n q xs p

n

c: Yi s h xs q

x

ci x’on

h shid n p’ d

xs c shid n i s ri

i s c besi is

rn n xs pi is

e

cd n

xs pis n xs p cq l b

i io

c

enc’ non

o n ’o ’ sn n i

yiskuci yits hayxagua gizio.

Amts: 1. Nama sov kiten. 2. Ersasaguci ata. 3. Balakaya dichi molen. c

es end

s bod

h cd n

is end x’on

hayxagucis yint dabtarn xsapmsi yint ersasagucn besnde.

1. Sovi inch mvi eti shicha. 2. Myaxsa dyant duka. 3. Wora bud woxen. 4. Nansi inch olqan kesku. 29

h den

n is

Dosas 8: Yintayqn ersasaguci hayxi yiskucis tyapasi siski yint dabtarn soy maki xsapmde. Dosas 9:

cd n

is end q l

den

n b porsh

x

“A”

i is end in

“B”

1. bel ____

a. kash

2. dyant____

b. nyal

3. gatas ____

c. quyx

4. bak ____

d q x’

Dosas 10: Hac kamam “Goc’en ci h r n in

snde.

ropl n” maki yiskuc nabab tovqan yiskuc si il beqnsi si il

qn besi is n in b rqn

deb

ochnde.

Dosas11: Yintayqni cunarguc gahnda atsa qixsa kutsa maxn yitsi kutsa dumarsn eti hanqi yiskendis hareshnan yintayqni cunarguc shidan xsaapmde.

30

Yirc Kaz: Gatsam qayxs Gatsam qayxs Gixima dumars xsapa

b dni yiskuci hareo?

Hac dungam yiskend qalatnd nababmde.

woxend cd n

is

xsipi c n b bis ers s

n b b si in

q n

ci n b b n xish rd r

sisnde Uc eshn in

ci is n in ers s

Manta max barn kashi yitsnsargue. Max xsipi b kayi sammsargue. Barsa maxn yitsi mvi katsnsargue. ch

xi b

i x’ c ns r

e

Gatsam qayxsendi gaxs yapmsende. Gatsam qayxsend gid yapmsende. Gatsam qayxsendi woxend dontnsende. Gatsam qayxsendi girnsargende. Gatsam qayxs dentkan cunni yiskue. Gatsam qayxsi yiskend dentkan dirti yiskue. Gatsi purstend atsndeshn koysti yiskue. Gatsi mayna nyavaeshn koysti yiskue. Gatsi atsa iqendeshn koysti yiskue. Gatsni yiskend atsndi dirskamsende.

31

c oxhnde.

qn

rsi

Dosas 1: Hac kamam yiskuc nababis xisham nababmsi hac dungam yiskend oxhndis karsnde.

1. A si b

is h r

nq

xsi is eo?

2. Gatsni yiskendi haran petnseo? 3. Hac dungam yiskend qalat porshi haran hayxnde: Xsip, etkendeshn, woxuc, kammi Dosas 2: Nababa “Gatsam qayxs” maki yiskuc tarikis yintayqn pyadam taram taram kot kot qodni karsi nababmde. Yin n b

qop

i io

ri

qn n b b in

qn n b b

c

ri i h c

xi is

nh r

i

ci

hi

don c

deo? Y n b

h

atnsueshn yitsuci hareo? cd n n b

qop

is

c s nx r his in

qn d b rn q

xsnde Uc eshn

q n x’ocnde.

Y n b

Y qop

Amteshn

1. gani woxi batsu.

1. barsa maxn

______

mv yitsend

_______

32

h

c

ci

Dosas 3. Hac dungam yiskend qalat nababmsi itsayqn porshi haran yint barqn ochnde.

c

dirsn

send

dirsnsend

zoysn

send

zoysnsend

wobs

send

wobssend

es end q l beqnsi

xs sni x’on

osn

l

s

hh

xnde Uc geshn h c d n

es end

s

n x’onc’nde.

Amts: Gatsam qayxsendi woxned dontnsende. (wox) 1.

Gatsam qayxsi yiskendi gamxend ______. (zol)

2.

Gamxuc gatsni yiskendi ______. (dirt)

3.

As

obsi is endi b n

______. (wobs)

Dosas 4: Hac kamam “Gatsam qayxs”maki yiskuc tarikis sasam yintayqn kay nababmde. Uc geshn (ket atsn gats, purstend atsn gats) maki yiskuc dent

n

x

rsnsi

i o q n n b b xsapmde. Dosas 5: Yintayqn ersasaguci hayxi yiskucis tyapasi siski yint dabtarn soy maki xsapmde. Dosas 6: Budinam yint qodangi hac kamam”Gatsam qayxs” maki yiskuc nababis taram taram nababmde. os s : A s s

, dod s

e

i io

, x’on si x’on

h end h

x

pid l rn

dn ci b n xs p s

r

l i

cn pid l

xs snsui koysti

yiskue.

Amts: 1.

e n si d

n

inqi is n

d

n

x b

b bi

baxhu. 2.

l

b

h nq

he

b b r b b 33

eshn o

e

e en.

c

es c

1.

s bod

h cd n

r

ni

es end x’on

xh dn

his

rsi pi

si xs p de

e n h nq .

2. baygena babi polusa gizio 3. en 4.

b

b n xhonen

d i o ’q n i

b bodn d n p

q

Dosas 8: Yintayqn ersasaguci hayxi yiskucis tyapasi siski yint dabtarn soy maki xsapmde. Dosas 9: Hac dungam estend qala

xs sni x’on

h xs p de

1. P’ d

3. xhil

2. wom

4. dogu

Dosas 10: Hac kamam “Gatsam qayxs” ci h r n in

i is

c n b b o q n is

qn besi is n in b rqn

deb

c si il beqnsi si il

ochnde.

Dosas 11: Har qayxsaman yinti atseshn gatsni yistana gatsam qayxsi hareshnan koysti yistana xsapmde.

34

Ertnasa Sirat Tov etkuc ats beqi eri yistade? Hac dungam yiskend qalatnd nababmde.

tutal

wospital

gari

eratasni

Hac dungam yiskuc nababis ersasaguci nababan xisham sisnde Uc eshn in n b b si in

q n

Yi qn ori n xn

b

s i is

h nqi is

rd r

c

p

ci is n in ers s

n n ns

cn tutal

s i is

deb

rsi

c oxhnde.

ir

ini

qn

es

is

Uc

o i b nami batsu. Sirati ucam wospital hanqu. Ucam akummndi pyats bane maki myat ab beqend. Bana bequ geshn gari

o

isi

hammsuc yisn utsend. “Sirati hac geshn qolian mvmsue ” maki gahend. o n

i

esh

si q

Uc eshn

p

xs q

xsn e?

n is end

si

eshn

sn e ni kolezhqan

hanqi tamarnu. Uc geshn karti yevu. Yevi dodn wognsi iti shidu radina mobala qayxsi myat biri yaku. Bana yaka yiskuc giz perti q

xs q

dor

xsi is

o

Y

Y biri

i

eshn qorqor e

endi co n e n s

ir i

s

d ixsi d

d dn i i

rs n end

atseshn giz eratasni yistu. Uceshn b

i

sn

si

q sni is

r iq

xs

ol s

mya q

qi

Yisind c

xsis q

xsnde

Uc ir i b

i isi qoln

s d dn qoli n n

o n

i

cis b n 35

sn

eshn q s e

sn is

xsn isi

s c n si cn

i i

e n perti yistu. Perti yisi

yistagucn

eshn

n is i dod

sn suq pirqi yisn perti qayxsi beshi keti

shidue.

Dosas 1: Hac kamam yiskuc nababis xisham nababmsi hac dungam yiskend oxhndis karsnde.

1. Nasa Sirat tovis haragi batsadeo? 2. Onagi Sirateshn gatsnadeo? 3. ir i h reshn b biris b 4. Atsi hareshn

e n i s reo?

d dn i i er ni is eo?

5. Hac dungam estuc qalat porshi haran hayxnde: 6. tutal, wospital, gari 7. ir i

s

d dn i i

end

seshn i eratni yistu.

Nabab hackan eratni maki yiskuc haran hayxi yisteo?

36

Dosas 2: Nababa “Ertnasa Sirat” maki yiskuc tarikis yintayqn pyadam taram taram kot kot qodni karsi nababmde. Uc eshn s nx r h d n xs p si

x

x o q n is

c

s

is

cis in d b rn

lq n xs p de.

Tarik hac dentkan yiskuc

Tarik hac gad

Tarik hac wur

Amtseshn:

Goritnn yiskuc Sirat Dosas 3: Hac dungam yiskend qalat nababmde.

c

1. ats

eshn

atseshn

2. nyav

eshn

nyaveshn

3. uc

eshn

uceshn

4. uc

geshn

uc geshn

dos s

n is end

x’on

h xs p de

Amts: Bankui giraseshn gatsn yiskue.

1. ___________________________________________. 2. ___________________________________________. 3. ___________________________________________. 4. ___________________________________________. Dosas 4: Hac kamam “Ertnasa Sirat”maki yiskuc tarikis sasam yintayqn kay nababmde. Uc geshn (apa bal, kucha dur, tova segal, diq) h r

cd

rs n b b

xs p de.

37

i is

c den

n

x

rsnsi

Dosas 5: Yintayqn ersasaguci hayxi yiskucis tyapasi siski yint dabtarn soy maki xsapmde. Dosas 6: Budinam yint qodangi hac kamam”Ertnasa Sirat” maki yiskuc nababis taram taram nababmde. Dosas 7: G h den s

n oxhi is n x’on

, dod s

, x’on

h

c

h end

rn oxh

pid l

l is ni xs p se A s

dn ci b n xs p

cn pid l

ezama gizio.

Amts: 1. N s

i oneo?

2. Ersasaguci pursti woynten ert ketn wuargue. 3. Hacaman hanqa yistao? c l

es c

s bod

h cd n

es end x’on

h den

n dirq c

x’onc’nde

1. omtan hareshnan ert ketn wuargu shidadao 2. buyni dortet ket ahu 3. totnabi b n ns b n dichi d q Dosas 8: Yintayqn ersasaguci hayxi yiskucis tyapasi siski yint dabtarn soy maki xsapmde. Dosas 9:

cd n

es end

n q l nd

xs sni x’on

h xs p de

1. inchkad 2. pargyad 3. kanyav 4. gyam-mul Dosas 10: Hac kamam “Ertnasa Sirat” ci h r n in

i is

c n b b o q n is

qn besi is n in b rqn

deb

c si il beqnsi si il

ochnde.

Dosas 11: Haran yintayqni Sirat yinti petasan haran yitsnseo? Xsapmsi yint ersasagueshn nababmde.

38

Atsnda gats yakenda, yapargenda A s ir i

deb

end

seshn n

sn r

c shid n so

e?

Hac dungam yiskend qalatnd nababmde.

guban Hac d n

gulokos

is rsi

c n b bis ers s n b b si in

qeptnsue ci n b b n xish q n

rd r

sisnde Uc eshn in

ci is n in ers s

qn

c oxhnde.

Makin bodam maxn hanqi yinti yistan yizqn kutsa h ci ini

sd

e shid n b gubue mastn in i sisn e A si

in

h nqi is n

ini b guban bitasi wospital itsi hammsui koysti

yis

e Y deb

ir i

xo

i, b

rs

end

si akum ketn hanqi gulokos b

s i, b s i b r i is

q n

eshn n p xh sh i, actis

qoxnsende. Akum babi dutama sokama its beqnsuci koysti yiskue. Atsa end debm irati atu geshn xo

r end, b s

e ir i

e n h nqi

lo os

s i c i i sn es r end, n p xh sh r end deb

ns e A s endi b

e nb n

r

h

n i si

i

qeptnsue. itsaga suti bartn gamxi myat iratkan woxnsende. Uc geshn besh gatsi itseshn koystnsue. A en

r ib p

i is

e

en

b n bes c eshn b

i e ns r ende. Gats yapargendi yisti

purqn karti hanqendi soy surqi aqnsargende. Hamagi ats debm ucwoxn yiskuc irati atan har n n si in

qn is ns e Y s i b r n

i seo?

oxnsi e i e i is end in i

beqan ibar yepi yint apm wunsue. Yi petasn aba ucam koysti yiskuc gah gatsa gizio. Irati yint debm atnsargeshn yinti kenzasi atseshn ibaramuc mayam gatsnde.

39

i

Dosas 1: Hac kamam yiskuc nababis xisham nababmsi hac dungam yiskend oxhndis karsnde.

1. Hakum ketn hammargend ats debm haragi atnsueo? 2. Ats guzn xogi yiskuc act sumi hareo? 3. Ir i 4.

deb

end

ini h reshn n b

seshn h r n n

i snseo?

b deo?

5. Hac dungam estuc qalat porshi haran hayxnde. gubi,gulokos 6. A s endi b

e n h ri b n

r

h

n i si

qeptnsue. 7. Nababa hackan qeptnsue maki yiskuc hareo?

40

i

Dosas 2: Nababa “Atsnda gats yakenda yapargenda” maki yiskuc tarikis yintayqn pyadam taram taram kot kot qodni karsi nababmde. Uc eshn h c d n is

c s nx r his in d b rn q

xsnsi oxh es end

r is

q n x’ocnde.

1. Tarika hac gah api hareo? 2. Tarika uckan namasa xsosni yiskendi hareo? 3. A s endi

x

4. A s endi

b d

i is

ci h r

eo?

i yiskuci harameo?

gaha endi its noti yiskend atsnd 1._____________________ 2. ____________________ i si b d

i is

c

i si b d

i is

c

3._________________ 4. ___________________ __________________ __________________

____________________ ____________________

Dosas 3: Sum qodn xsestagend: Sum qodn xsestagend masti yiskendi sum qodn xsesti yiskend qalatnda gizio. Sum qodn xsestagend masti yiskendi:

Hac dungam sum qodn xsestagendam qayxsend amts beqnde.

Amts: 1.

babi wusn pena gotu.

2.

Y babi yisn pena gotu.

3.

Y ersasaguci

4.

ers s

ci

nacku. nacku.

41

Hac kamam qayxsangi yiskend amts xisham nababmsi hac dungam yiskend sum qodn xsestagendam d

rs x’on

h xs p de

Dosas 4: Hac kamam “Atsnda gats yakenda yapargenda”maki yiskuc tarikis sasam yintayqn kay nababmde. Uc geshn yint maxsap beqargu yisti

tatsis uynxam

xsapmde. Dosas 5: Yintayqn ersasaguci hayxi yiskucis tyapasi siski yint dabtarn soy maki xsapm. os s 6:

din

in qod n i h c

”A snd

s

end

p r end “

i

yiskuc nababis taram taram nababmde. os s : Xs p

den

n

ni

besi yiskuc malat ni

s h s pe i is

xs sns e (“

c xs pi is n

“) G h den

ni

s h s pe c

n oxhi is n x’on

h

ucaga wurn oxh malatis ni xsapmse. (?)

Amts: e i “A c

in i beq c

en s bod

h

s e”

h cd n

es end x’on

h den

n

h

l i

yisn koysti yiskucn xsapmsi yint ersasaguc besnde.

1. wor nansi gabm hanqase 2. osh

so

i

e

o

b n

osen

3. ersasaguci hareshn omtan ert ketn shidadao maki belin oxhu. c

es c

s bod

h cd n

es end x’on

h den

n dirq c

x’onc’nde

1. omtan hareshnan ert ketn wuargu shidadao 2. buyni dortet ket ahu 3. o n bi b n ns b n dichi d q 42

l

Dosas 8: Yintayqn ersasaguci hayxi yiskucis tyapasi siski yint dabtarn soy maki xsapmde. Dosas 9: Hac dungam yiskuc saxanqan ket giz suma, xsotnd suma, ket qixsnd suma xsapmde.

Pyad Ket giznd sum

Xsoxnd sum

Ket qixsnd sum

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. os s 10:

c is

“A snd c si il beqnsi si il

s

end

p r end ”

ci h r n in

i is

cn b b o q n

qn besi is n in b rqn

deb

ochnde. Dosas 11: Hareshnan idirqan atsi vyardi yistana timirt erteshn gatsam qayxsi yistana xsapmde. Xsapmsi yint ersasagueshn nababmd

43

Yirc Od: Vyana mayna Besa mashta qayxs Besa mashta qayxsi haragisan hayxnde. Hac dungam yiskend qalatnd nababmde.

Xsotsasagucn cd n

is

gaxarqan

c n b bis ers s

n b b si in

xsi q

xs q

sn

xs ci i

ci n b b n xish

sisnde Uc eshn in

qn

rsi

q n vyardarguci yistan yint ersasaguc oxhnde.

eshn o s i is i

si i

ce

c

h

b bo i iqni h

i io A s so

i

ns e. Qayxsaga

dosi kutsa maxn yisti kutsa dumarsn badni haknsue. Hareshn besa mashta qayxsi kutsa maxn yisti kutsa dumarsn badni yisteo?

Wos katamm yiskend besa mashta qayxsi yiskuc qayxsa kasi gaxarqan yiskend besa mashta qayxsi yiskuc qayxsis ni beqnsue. is end bes

sh

x rq n is end bes

qayxsam itsayqni yisn max ati is b n

i q nqi irsi is ende

c

si is

si b n

sh

b

e Uc isind: b n

endis er

si

e n i si b n

endeshn mav goti yiskende. Ucagon yi petasn itsayqni yisn bad ati yiskuc sharshi yiskue. End yisind: gaxarqan yiskend besa mashta dentkan besi beshaguc sov kitargue, inch akargue, inch mahargue, mv katsasargue. Katam yiskend besa mashta dentkan besi: sov kiti, mv katsasi, inch mahi, kasi qayxsa dumarsind qayxsi yiskue. 44

Ucagisn katam yiskend besa mashta gaxarqan yiskend besa ni xsotsasagucn gaxarqan yisken maynaga debm qayxsi myatan yiskue. n is end bes

is en sh

n deb

den

q

n besi b

xsi besh r sh is

e Y n bi s q

xs

is

qayxsis wusn gatsni yiskuceshna gizio. Ucagisn qayxsis vyan qayxsa, mayn qayxsa, maki ni qodnsuci koystargue. Soy maki ni iqe ni makan koysti yiskuc gahi vyani qayxsi yiskucis mayna qayxsn kasi mayna qayxsa yiskucis vyani miznarguc qayxsnan boma, iqa, ket, wunsue.

45

c

Dosas 1: Hac kamam yiskuc nababis xisham nababmsi hac dunga yiskend oxhndis karsnde.

1. Iqeshn haragi koysti yiste? Wosasam? 2. Katam yiskend besa mashta qayxsi yiskucis badasi hayxnde? 3. Hareshn atsi qayxsa haci mayn qayxs shidan vyan qayxs maki qodi yisteo? 4. Soyaga qayxsaga dos itaga qayxs dosa badasi hayxnde. Dosas 2: Nababa “Besa mashta qayxs” maki yiskuc tarikis yintayqn pyadam taram taram kot kot qodni karsi nababmde. Uc eshn h c d n d b rn q

xsnsi oxh es end

r is

is

cs n x r

his in

q n x’onc’nde.

1. Tarika ucaga api gahi hareo? 2. Tarika uckan namasa xsotsasni yiskend gahndi hareo? 3. G hnd endi

x

i is

ci h r

eo?

4. G hnd endi

b d

i is

ci h r

eo?

1. ____________________________ 2. ____________________________ 3. _______________

4. _______________

_______________

______________

_______________

______________

_______________

______________

46

qn

Dosas 3: Hac dungam yiskend qalat nababmsi itsayqn porshi haran yint barqn ochnde.

1. gaxar

qan

gaxarqan

2. shav

qan

shavqan

3. gir

qan

girqan

Hac kamam estend q l beqnsi

osn

l

xs sni x’on s

hh

xnde

cd n

es end

s

n x’onc’nde.

Amts: Gaxarqan yiskend besa mashta gabm hanqend. (gaxar) 1. A sin

ixns

is

b bes b n b sh nen. (meg)

2. Balakaya _________ yista keska dichi molen. (shav) 3. Xsonbati _________ yisti keski uxs uxu.

(gir)

Dosas 4: Hac kamam “Besa mashta qayxs “maki yiskuc tarikis sasam yintayqn kay nababmde. Uc geshn baba baya qayxs maki yiskuc gah toh tovqan xsapmnde.

h r

cn b b

Dosas 5: Yintayqn ersasaguci hayxi yiskucis tyapasi siski yint dabtarn soy maki xsapmde. Dosas 6: Budinam yint qodangi hac kamam”Besa mashta qayxs” maki yiskuc nababis taram taram nababmde. Dosas 7:

cd n

ketn

s bes

ketkan

end q l nd

dadn

xs sn n i x’on

shavqan

h xs p de

gabqan

Amts: Ert ketn nyavi myat yiskue. Dosas 8: Yintayqn ersasaguci hayxi yiskucis tyapasi siski yint dabtarn soy maki xsapmde.

47

Dosas 9:

cd n

x’on

h

p

n obq n is end q l nd den

n x’on

h

cis

ibar hatsnsendis kursi kutsa galqan xsapmde.

1. Gyama matsn ______. (koysen,

d bd sen, boc’en)

2. Balakaya dichi __________. (molen, mulen, myanten) 3.

or b debis oxn m __________. (xhaden, masken,

yitsen)

Dosas 10: Hac kamam “Besa mashta qayxs” si il

ci h r n in

Dosas 11: Hac dun

is

i is

c n b b o q n is

qn besi is n in b rqn

c s nx r

hq n is end

deb

hndis in

ochnde.

c si il beqnsi

qni n b b

c eshn

tovqan estendis oxhndis karsnde. Sanxarazha haci besi yiskuci mazhi woradaqan kaz kipiln tamarni yiskend tamar nyavndaga wuc qopa gizio.

1. Vyan nyavnd dentkan ezaga qopi yisn yiskuci oneo? 2. Vyan nyavnd dentkan kobcaga qopi yisn yiskuci oneo? 3. Mayn naynd dentkan ezaga qopi wusn yiskena onao? 4. Mayn naynd dentkan kobcaga qopi wusn yiskena onao? 5. Hareshn Vyan nyavnd wuc qopi mayn nyavnd wuc qop bana beshnsuc hakadeo? 48

Iqarguc yista bes vyarsa yisken mayn debm ati yiskuc irat Yintayqn gapkan iqarguc yisti bes vyarsi yiskend mayn nyav debm ati yiskuc irata yintayqni bequci yistan hayxnde. Hac dungam yiskend qalatnd nababmde.

Mapt

Yeynt ket

Hac dungam yiskuc nababis ersasaguci nababan xish n b b si in

q n

rd r

sisnde Uc eshn in

ci is n in ers s

qn

rsi

c oxhnde.

Vyana mayna yeyska bana iquc geshn vyardni yiskuci atsa dyadaga dosa gizio. Dosa uci namas vyardni yiskendi maxnasi maxnas cunn ucam vyardni yiskende. Hamagi itsayqn baba baya shidan atsa dumarsi itsayqn cunarguc atsis itsayqni vyarse maki gidam uxi utsan atsi bana cunu atsis vyarsnsuc mapti is

c

isn h nqi polis

s

id

b

x

utsucis bana uxasnsuc haknsende. Atsi hareshn mayn nyavis gidam uxi besn utsi yisteo?

Uc

on i pe sn

nn

ber i

iqarguc yista bes wusa vyarsagucn

r ir i

c is n shid n deb

i is

e.

Mayn nyava bes bana vyarsarguc aparqn timirt tamarna wusa wursnsuci koysti yiskue. Uc geshn yuniberstiqan vyarda dirska bana keskuc geshn ucwoxnuca gaha dumarsa bana atnsuc haknsene. Is

qn ber i

r

cn is n besi

rsi is end n

qeram qeramuc irati ati yiskue. Irata endind:

49

deb

b

Itsayqn yeynt keti xsun petucam dontucis bana qanquc geshn nyav yeli hatsnsargende. Ucam dontucis yeynt ket pugam ustnsende. Itsayqn zhamind puitnsue. Ucam dontucis cecaga irati itsayqn uxnsue. Nyava bana yelucis qanqi hatsnsargende. e Uc

hi h sns r ende.

isn bi ni n ber

r

c is n h nqi ni

rsns ci o s argue.

Dosas 1: Hac kamam yiskuc nababis xisham nababmsi hac dungam yiskend oxhndis karsnde.

1. N beri 2. I s

r

qn ber i

c is n ni r

rdn n h r

ci is n bes

rs

ir

i

is en

nseo? nn

b

ket aha hatsnsargen maki yiskuc porshis hayxnde. 3. Vyan nyava itsayqn bergi atarguci yistn mayn vyarsi yiskend debm haraga iratagi atnseo? 4.

nn

ber i

r

c is n bes

debm atuc geshn har yitsnsa?

50

s

rsn ir e

Dosas 2: Nababa “Iqarguc yista bes vyarsa yisken mayn debm ati yiskuc irat “maki yiskuc tarikis yintayqn pyadam taram taram kot kot qodni karsi nababmde. Uc geshn nababa ucis xsapuc nas tatsi haragisan xsapmnde. Dosas 3: Kozgnaguc: Masti yiskend qalatndi hakna, shikna, yiskuc ni besnsueshn ni gaxsasni yiskend qalatnda gizio.

Amts: cd n

b

o qn ’o ’ sn n i is endi o

n

end q l nd

i io.

1. Nama hana zola gizao.

4. Nansa yinka ucn utso.

2. Nama nega han sumi

5. Nama neka hana

Almaze.

ersasagene.

3. Nansa hanga hacn utso. A

s es cis xish

in i beq pe n h c d n

is end x’on

h den

n o

n

end

qalatnd kursi yint dabtarn xsapmsi yint ersasagucn besnde.

1. Nansa nega hac sumi

5. Nama yinka enn utso.

p’exirose

6. Nyava yinka endn utso.

2. Nyava nega handi od

7. Nansa neka haci

kipile.

ersasaguce.

3. Nama nega hann utso.

8. Nyava neka handi

4. Nyava handn utso.

ersasagende.

51

Dosas 4: Hac kamam “Iqarguc yista bes vyarsa yisken mayn debm ati yiskuc irat”maki yiskuc tarikis sasam yintayqn kay nababmde. Uc geshn yintayqn

p

n

h r

c

atuc irata yintayqni siskuci yistan xsapmnde. Dosas 5: Yintayqn ersasaguci hayxi yiskucis tyapasi siski yint dabtarn soy maki xsapmde. Dosas 6: Budinam yint qodangi hac kamam”Iqarguc yista bes vyarsa yisken mayn debm ati yiskuc irat” maki yiskuc nababis taram taram nababmde. Dosas 7: Kozgnaguc: Masti yiskend qalatndi hakna, shikna, yiskuc ni besnsueshn ni gaxsasni yiskend qalatnda gizio. Hac dungam yiskend x’on

heshn

p

is end kozgnagend qalatnd dentkan kursi galaga

kutskan xsapmsi yint ersasagucn besnde.

1. Nansa ________gama gizio.

( haci,hana, handi )

2. N

(nega hac, handi)

n

i io.

3. Nyava _______ utso. 4. Atsina________

(handn, hana, handi ) sh

i

o. (hana, haci,neg haci)

5. Nyava ________ zola gizio.

(nega hac, handi.)

Dosas 8: Yintayqn ersasaguci hayxi yiskucis tyapasi siski yint dabtarn soy maki xsapmde. os s 9:

cd n

x’on

h

p

n obq n is end q l nd den

n x’on

h

cis

ibar hatsnsendis kursi kutsa galqan xsapmde.

1. Buyni nas ket ______. ( kotsu, 2.

N si b n

gixsu, zoysu )

eshn q r __________. ( woxsu, titsu, byaru)

3. Yep ketn hanqend atsi __________. (karta, woynten, gab) os s 10:

c

“Iq r

c is

yiskuc n b b o q n is b rqn

deb

bes

rs

is en

c si il beqnsi si il

n deb ci h r n in

i is

c ir ”

qn besi is n in

ochnde.

Dosas 11: ketn yiskend besa mashta dentkan onaga debman qayxsi beshi yistana kasi hareshn yisi beshni hakasan xsapmsi yint ersasagueshn nababmde

52

i

Yirc Uc’: shirshir ab Kutsa maxn yisti kutsa dumarsn hameshn yesh Kutsa maxn yisti kutsa dumarsn yintayqni hami dontagucn haran uxi yeshi yisteo? Hac dungam yiskend qalatnd nababmde.

Komatis

Shanxa

Hac dungam yiskuc nababis ersasaguci nababan xisham sisnde Uc eshn in rsi

A si n bis is

n b b si in

s

xn is i

e N b end den

q n

rd r

s d

ci is n in ers s

rsn h nqi is

n

xi

p

ns eshn

i io

s

ci

c oxhnde.

ci

cis beq b qer

qeramuc ertis bana ernsueshna kasi b n lnd b n hq b n

qn

h

i

s

c beq

shid n o

ilo

metir atni haknsue. Kutsa maxn yisti kutsa dumarsn ni hamagucn myataga gahis ni yeshnsuci koysti yiskue. Gahnda endis nini yesharguc aparqn koysti yiskuc c eshn b den

s h

i

n odn s shid n c

i is end

xn b n

nsend b qer

qeramend komatis kursnsende. Wosasaman Komati kursnseo?

Komatia endi: mv komatia, giz komatia, makin yeshasagend komatia, xishagend komatia dumarnda gizio. Mv komatind atsnda hanqi yiskend wosasaman mvis mvnsana, hara itsayqni mvnsana, kutsa haucn atangi itsayqni mvnsan yeshnsende. Gi biri

o

indi

i o s i is n

s si

xn is i

s d

rsn h

snd h nqi is end b deb

eshn biri n

kesn atsnda bana wognsi gahi biria ucis dubdasi qayxsn peshnsende. 53

Makin komatindi makina atsndis kutsa maxn yitsa kutsa itsayqni yisn hami koy yiskucn hatsi gesh karsnsuc makinis yeshasnsende. Hac kam h

x snend o

indi q

xs b mm estuc qayxsi

yeshuc geshn b shanxa uxi makinqan vyardi hamis gadnsende. s

xn is i

s d

rsn h nqi b qer

qer

c

his

beqi ezaga gaxsi yisn yiskue. Gaxsa uc yisind ats dodn nini bequc soyaga qayxsi yistan e i n dodn h si q

xsi

am iqni ni haknsue.

Dosas 1: Hac kamam yiskuc nababis xisham nababmsi hac dungam yiskend oxhndis karsnde.

1. Atsi hareshn kutsa maxn yisti kutsa dumarsn hanqi yisteo? 2. Komatia kurskend qayxsi haragisan badasi hayxnde. 3. Komatii kursarguc shidan haragi atnseo? 4. Atsaga dodn ni beqensend soyaga gahis masti yiskend har petenseo?

54

Dosas 2: Nababa “Kutsa maxn yisti kutsa dumarsn hameshn yesh” maki yiskuc tarikis yintayqn pyadam taram taram kot kot qodni karsi nababmde. Uc geshn tarika ucis

p r

esh r b qnsi

ri

c

p

his yintayqn dabtarn

xsapmnde.

1. _____________________________________ 2. _____________________________________ 3. _____________________________________ 4. ______________________________________ 5. ______________________________________ Dosas 3: Hac dungam yiskend qalat nababmsi itsayqn porshi haran yint barqn ochnde.

1. kurs

nsende

kursnsende

2. pesh

nsende

peshnsende

3. gad

nsende

gadnsende

4. yesh

nsende

yeshnsende

Hac kamam estend q l beqnsi

xs sni x’on

osn h r i is end d

rs q l

hh

xnde

cd n

es end

s

xs p de.

Amts: 1. hak

nsende

haknsende

2. x’onc’

nsende

x’onc’nsende

3. beq

nsende

beqnsende

Dosas 4: Hac kamam “Kutsa maxn yisti kutsa dumarsn hameshn yesh”maki yiskuc tarikis sasam yintayqn kay nababmde. Uc geshn yinti nababmuc amts bodam kutsa dumarsn hameshn yinti yitsnsuc yeshis xsapmde.

55

Dosas 5: Yintayqn ersasaguci hayxi yiskucis tyapasi siski yint dabtarn soy maki xsapmde. Dosas 6: Budinam yint qodangi hac kamam”Kutsa maxn yisti kutsa dumarsn hameshn yesh” maki yiskuc nababis taram taram nababmde. Dosas 7: Hac dungam amtsa estuc bodam qayxsnde.

Amts: 1. Kyana olqangen.

Kyana olnsen.

2. Manti mat mvangu. Manti mat mvnsu. Amta estuc bodam qayxsnde.

1. N si b

e

ixsns . ___________________ .

2. Atsina gez gesangen. ___________________ . 3. Balakaya dichi molangen. ________________. 4. Nama gabm hanqangen. _________________. Dosas 8: Yintayqn ersasaguci hayxi yiskucis tyapasi siski yint dabtarn soy maki xsapmde. Dosas 9: Hac dungam yiskend qalat dentkan b porsh

x

i is end in

“A”

“B”

1. cal ____

a. ixh

2. mav ____

b. daw

3. koch____

c. simar

4. mikar ____

d. shav

Dosas 10: Hac kamam “Kutsa maxn yisti kutsa dumarsn hameshn yesh” n b b o q n is deb

c si il beqnsi si il

ci h r n in

snde.

i is

qn besi is n in b rqn

ochnde.

Dosas 11: kutsa maxn yisti kutsa dumarsn hanqi yintayqni bequc gah xsapmsi yint ersasagueshn nababmde.

56

c

Hawasa hayq Telebezhin yintayqni bequc eysi yistan hayxnde. Hac dungam yiskend qalatnd nababmde.

Dabub

biro

Bonga

Zhima

Ziway

Kilil

hayq

wutul

keta

wolqixe

Mashkaram cd n

is

adis ababa c n b bis ers s

rsi

n b b si in

zhalbam

ci n b b n xish q n

rd r

sisnde Uc eshn in

ci is n in ers s

Hawasa masti yiskuc Dabub kililaga ci ilil

e

e b n pe ceshn b qer

yiskue. Hayqi

si so

e

is i

Hawasa

cor

dod is

c oxhnde.

i io

qer c

qn

c biroi

q n

i io.

Hawasa hayqi yisn yiskuc katamaga shishna gizio. Uci kas H

s

eshn b qer

c so x n

si yiskue. Mashkaram aba

kazam nam wuma sapmam od kipiln tamarni yiskend Mizan pyada maxaga ert ketn tamarni yiskend nyavndi Hawasa hayqis beqni hamis gadende. Itsayqni dontuc sati dutaga tama nama satna gizio. Ucam h nqi c’ s

isi

cn Bonga masti yiskuc katamm atende.

Bonga katami zona haucaga katamao?

Kutsa ucn wogi mvis wutul keta maxqan vyardi mvende. Uc geshn

si b h

is

dende. Hanqi Zhima masti yiskuc katamm

pazhaga nyartn satn atende. Ucam Zhima qns c e

o

s n don i b h

i i qoxsi qende Y is

cn ons n d

q nb n n

dende. Hanqi napm satn Wolqixe masta yisken

katamm ati mvis mvi kot wogi kashende. Uc geshn irsn satn Adis

57

ababa katamm atende. Adis ababa kata

n dod

op’iaga katama

eza gizio. Uc is

do sn qende Y

cs nh

i o

o i

is shi

dende is

satn Hawasa katamm e is xi qende Y

ons n don i h c p rqn don

b n

nqi c’ s n ziway masti yiskuc katamm

i don i ende

ons n d

si b hamis gadende. Ucam napm n

c eshn don i b

q nb n is b n

qns c c eshn

tora Hawasa hayqn hanqede. Hanqi hayqa uckan atsi oru uxi kesi yistn beqende. Atsa endi baga orua ucis doysn katsasi goti yistn beqende. Kasi sova uc debm atsi zhalbam hanqi yistn beqende. Atsa kagi sovqan moshtni yistn beqende. Ucam nyava endi esh er

e nb n

c eshn

is n b n n b b

cis h nq b

h h c p rqn p

beq

r

b

orq n xs p n i er is b n

c

petuis op’i elebe hn x biyaeshn hayxende.

E sis

op’i elebe hin x biyaeshn yeshasen: Gacin Toyda tana gizio. Mashkar irsn nam wuma sapma berg

58

Dosas 1: Hac kamam yiskuc nababis xisham nababmsi hac dungam yiskend oxhndis karsnde.

1. Eysis shirshena onao? 2. Tamar nyavndi hawasa bana atuc geshn haran yitsadeo? 3. Tamar nyavndi am aqi hawasa haqn ati kartadeo? 4. Itsayqni hanqi adis ababa atuc geshn itsayqn makini itasan haran itsayqni yitsnseo? Dosas 2: Nababa “Hawasa hayq” maki yiskuc tarikis yintayqn pyadam taram taram kot kot qodni karsi nababmde. Uc geshn tarika ucis

p r

esh r b qnsi

ri

ucaga ap gahis yintayqn dabtarn xsapmnde.

1. _____________________________________ 2. _____________________________________ 3. _____________________________________ 4. ______________________________________ 5. ______________________________________ Dosas 3: Hac dungam yiskend qalat nababmsi itsayqn porshi haran yint barqn ochnde.

1. max

aga

maxaga

2. myat

aga

myataga

3. katam

aga

katamaga

Hac kamam estend qal q l

xs sni x’on

n b b de Uc eshn q l

h r i is end d

rs x’on

end

hh

xnde

xs sni

cd n s es c bod

h xs p de

Amts: N s

ni

o nd

.

1. nas

aga

nasaga

2. nam

aga

namaga

3. wor

aga

woraga 59

es end osn

Dosas 4: Hac kamam “Hawasa hayq “maki yiskuc tarikis sasam yintayqn kay nababmde. Uc geshn yint maxsap beqargu yisti karsi uynxam xsapmde. Dosas 5: Yintayqn ersasaguci hayxi yiskucis tyapasi siski yint dabtarn soy maki xsapmde. Dosas 6: Budinam yint qodangi hac kamam”Hawasa hayq” maki yiskuc nababis taram taram nababmde. Dosas 7: Hazh besaguc: Masti yiskuci gahnd shidan qixsnd babi onan besagend qalatnda gizio.

Qalatnda end yisind:

n

b

n

yintayqn

yint itsayqn

its

Amts: 1. N nsi

h se .

2. Tana

ch

s

.

3. Nen n

ch

s

.

4. Yisi b

ch masku.

5. Non n

ch

s

.

Hac kamam estuc amts yintayqni nababmu geshn itsayqn max maxam gaxsasni x’on

h xs p de

Dosas 8: Yintayqn ersasaguci hayxi yiskucis tyapasi siski yint dabtarn soy maki xsapmde. Dosas 9: Hac dungam yiskend qalat dentkan b porsh

x

r endis in

“A”

snde.

“B”

1. wog______

a. hagam

2. basn ______

b. urd

3. segam______

c. op’

4. xhobt ______

d. kobc

Dosas 10: Hac kamam “Hawasa hayq” ci h r n in

i is

c n b b o q n is

qn besi is n in b rqn

deb

c si il beqnsi si il

ochnde.

Dosas 11: Yintayqni soyx yiskend gahnd (tov kos kasa, maxsap nababa, telebezhin beqa, woxsa, kuch kos kasa) dentkan max kursnsi hareshnan yintayqni xsapmsi yint ersasagueshn nababmde.

60

cunasan

Gelitn nyal tok Nyal toki masti yiskuci hareo? Hac dungam yiskend qalatnd nababmde.

Nyal tok cd n

is rsi

n

Qirs c n b bis ers s

n b b si in

ci n b b n xish

sisnde Uc eshn in

q n

rd r

ci is n in ers s

Nyal toki qirsa gizio. Qirsi

si n

i

l o i d b b enc’

obq n n

s p

or d q n n is q b li is

e

, dos , e e

qn

c oxhnde.

i io Geli n

b b enc’

or d i

b l endi b qer

qeramuc qirsa, keta. itsayqn gobqan yiskue. Gelitn nyal toki yisn yiskuc gelitn masti yiskuc qabalqana gizio. Geli n q b li b qer qer

c q b lendi

cor

is

e. Qabala end yisind: myaha, qoqa,

gedua gizio. Qirsi wosasaman dosa, keta bana atnsueshn hakadeo?

Geli n n

l o i

p’ di

e ir cop’

metira gizio. Gelitn nyal tokis beqni ni or d xs c

e pe en d borq h q b ln n si is

h nqi

h

q b ls n

is n

r sni n

n p rqn d b b enc’ s

is en ni

cp r e

ni h

d rn shichnsi p r

ns e Uc eshn s e Uc eshn p r c’ r

is

c

ni hamsue. Hanqi gelitn ert ketn ni atnsue. Uc geshn kot ni hanquc geshn gelitn nyal tokis ni yapmsue. Gelitn nyal toki hanga myah qabaln yisti gyar ni h kobman yiskue. K si ed q b l is is

e Geli n n

l o i d b b enc’

h

ni

r

cn n

n

d r

c’ rn n

or d q n is end b qer

qeramend qirsnd dentkan maxubaba gizio. Ucagisn nyal toka ucis soy 61

maki ni baqnsuci koysti yiskue. Y n bi dod d is end

sndi

is p

si n iqeshn o s i is

rsn is i e i

b n beqns eshn i qoxsnsende Gi c

ci

isn xisham ni baqnsuci koysti yiskue.

Gelitn nyala toka qirsa dumarsndis xisham ni itsayqn baqnsuci koysti yiskue. I s

qn

xsi i

peshn

es r i i qn n

s

p

qayxsagisn xisham ni baqnsuci koysti yiskue.

Dosas 1: Hac kamam yiskuc nababis xisham nababmsi hac dungam yiskend oxhndis karsnde.

1. Gelitn nyal toki harqanan yisteo? 2. Geli n n

l o

p’ d

r sn

3. Nyal toki wosasaman tosti yisteo? 4. Haraga nabeshn nyali tosti yisteo?

62

e ireo?

ch

Dosas 2: Nababa “Gelitn nyal tok” maki yiskuc tarikis yintayqn pyadam taram taram kot kot qodni karsi nababmde. Uc eshn h c d n d b rn q

xsnsi oxh es end

r is

is

c s xinis in

qn

q n xs p nde.

1. Tarikaga ap gahis saxina ezqan xsapmnde. 2. Saxina ezqan yiskuc tarikaga ap gahis hayxi yiskend q l ndis s xin

nxs

shish

is endq n xs p nde.

Geltn nyal tok Yisn yisi yabsti yiskuci dabub enc’ worada

Dosas 3: Ats sum qodnuc: Ats sum qodnuc masti yiskendi sum qodn xsesti yiskend qalatnda gizio. Ats sum qodn xsestagend masti yiskendi:

yisi

wusa

itsayqn 63

Hac dungam ats sum qodn xsestagendam qayxsend amts beqnde.

Amts: 1. Wusa tamar nyava gizawo. 2. Yisi tamar nyava gizawo. 3. Itsayqn dabtarn woli buku. Hac kamam qayxsangi yiskend amts xisham nababmsi hac dungam yiskend ats sum qodn xses

end

yisi

d

rs x’on

wusa

h xs p de

itsayqn

Dosas 4: Hac kamam “Gelitn nyal tok”maki yiskuc tarikis sasam yintayqn kay nababmde. Uc geshn yint maxsap beqargu yisti karsi uynxam xsapmde. Dosas 5: Yintayqn ersasaguci hayxi yiskucis tyapasi siski yint dabtarn soy maki xsapmde. Dosas 6: Budinam yint qodangi hac kamam”Gelitn nyal tok” maki yiskuc nababis taram taram nababmde. Dosas 7: Ats sum qodnuc: Ats sum qodn xsestagend masti yiskendi sum qodn xsesti yiskend qalatnda gizio. Ats sum qodn xsestagend masti yiskendi:

b

n

1. Purqn ta hamsue maku. 2.

b bi

s r o .

3. Tana omtan omtan gabm ata kartu. 4.

s

is b ers s

cn h

xend.

Hac kamam qayxsangi yiskend amts xisham nababmsi hac dungam yiskend ats sum qodn xses

end

xs sni d

b

rs x’on

h xs p de

na

64

Dosas 8: Yintayqn ersasaguci hayxi yiskucis tyapasi siski yint dabtarn soy maki xsapmde. Dosas 9: Hac dungam yiskend dart gah deb

hnsi

porsh h

xnde.

1. Torsn torasi gage masta. 2.

se

en xs p’

is nsen

en xs ln

s

masta. 3. Y n

ri b cileshn inin b xileshn e

s

s .

4. Zolina gamnin qan poga beqas masta. Dosas 10: Hac kamam “Gelitn nyal tok” si il

ci h r n in

i is

c n b b o q n is

qn besi is n in b rqn

deb

c si il beqnsi

ochnde.

Dosas 11: Kutsa maxn yisti kutsa dumarsn hanqi atsi kazhqi yiskuci hareshnan koysti yistan xsapmsi yint ersasagueshn nababmde.

65

Yirc Sapm: Isport Mogn Mogni wosasaman kaski yisteo? Hac dungam yiskend qalatnd nababmde.

Mogn cd n

ding

is rsi

Gari mogn

c n b bis ers s n b b si in

qurk

ci n b b n xish q n

rd r

Hazi mogn

sisnde Uc eshn in

ci is n in ers s

qn

c oxhnde.

Mogni nyava yanxsi kaski yiskuc kasaga zara gizio. Mogna ucis ni kasarguc aparqn koysti yiskend gahndis ni yeshasnsucis koysti yiskue. Endi yisind mogna bezha gizio. Mognis ni yeshasni tatsan aparqn magara yarsa shana ni eti wunsue. Uc geshn shana ucam magaris ding qurki boknsi xsyaxsninue. Uc geshn mogn ati kasnsue. Uc geshn g h d n d dn isi is n do i ni e i

rs ni eshns ci be h ni

ns e Uc

sns e

be h

i

ci

i io

e his p rqn

c isi pe n h nqi

o is ni

sns e.

Uc geshn garan ni yitsnseo?

Mogn

si n

b qod n i is

e. End yisind gari mogna hazi

mogna masti yiskende. G ri

o n

si p rqn n

s

b qodnsende Uc eshn d n

cis

snsendi b

si

sin

b be h xi ixnsende. Uc

geshn kamam shidan dungam bezh uxi yixnsi yiskend dentkan maxnasi mognis garsnsue. Ucam dumarndi mogna enis bana 66

mvnsueshn bezh haznsende. Bana mvuc geshn mogna enis xog ketn yitsnsende. Uc geshn dumarndi mogna nega xog ketn is enis b n ns eshn b

o dirndichis b xo

mvase y be hi b sho n

b n

e n i snsi h

ns e. Hamagi

r nsue. Mvarguc yisi shidan doyqan

musti shidnsue. Y n p rqn n h

nsend

s n c ib n h

si h si

i

ib ih

n b s ci o s r

i io

i

o ni

sin b qodnsende Uc eshn

q c eshn be h b

mvi yiskuc kasaga zara i io n

o n

ch

i

ch

o n ni

n c be his h

qi

n cis h

c

o nis qi i s

qni

s

cn ni i sns c xishi

rs r

c is n ni p rqn

e Y n bi be hi ni xh dns eshn

67

s i is

i io.

Dosas 1: Hac kamam yiskuc nababis xisham nababmsi hac dungam yiskend oxhndis karsnde.

1. Mogn qayxseshn gaxsi yiskend gahndis hayxnde. 2.

o n

si

b qodi is n

si

os s

ni s

qni

kaski yistan hayxnde. 3.

o nis

i

s i ni is

c be h o is h reshn ni

myasi yisteo? 4. Shani kayguc shidan wosasaman mogn yeshasi ni kasnseo? Dosas 2: Nababa “Mogn” maki yiskuc tarikis yintayqn pyadam taram taram kot kot qodni karsi nababmde. Uc eshn h c d n q

xsnsi oxh es end

1. 2.

r is

is

c s xinis in

qn d b rn

q n xs p nde.

Tarikaga ap gahis saxina ezqan xsapmnde. xin e q n is

q l ndis s xin

nxs

c

ri shish

68

p

his h

xi is end

is endq n xs p nde.

Dosas 3: Hac dungam yiskend qalat nababmsi itsayqn porshi haran yint barqn ochnde.

1. Xsyaxs

nninue

Xsyaxsnninue

2. Woxs

nninue

Woxsnninue

Hac kamam estend q l

xs sni x’on

hh

xnde Hac dungam estend qalataga

porshis xsotsi itsayqn dentkan yiskuc porshaga bad atis hayxnde.

1. Xsyaxsnninue

xsyxsnsende

2. Woxsnninue

woxsnsende

Dosas 4: Hac kamam “Mogn”maki yiskuc tarikis sasam yintayqn kay nababmde. Uc eshn ( elixh

s,

dn xol)

i is

c den

n

x

rsnsi

o q n

harkuc dumars gah xsapmnde. Dosas 5: Yintayqn ersasaguci hayxi yiskucis tyapasi siski yint dabtarn soy maki xsapmde. Dosas 6: Budinam yint qodangi hac kamam”Mogn” maki yiskuc nababis taram taram nababmde. Dosas 7: Hac dungam yiskend amts bodam qayxsnde.

Amts: N

l

ich er

e n hanqend.

1. Nasa Totnab keti tamam ______________ . 2. Gixnas dori bodn ____________________ . 3. Nama bud _________________________.

69

Dosas 8: Yintayqn ersasaguci hayxi yiskucis tyapasi siski yint dabtarn soy maki xsapmde. Dosas 9: Hac dungam yiskend ecec kart hayxnde.

1.

q n ex’i hareo?

2. Shavqan shahi hareo? 3. Segam paku hagam tibali hareo? 4. Gop si op’

oxsi h reo?

Dosas 10: Hac kamam “Mogn” h r n in Dosas 11: Yin

qni

i is

c n b b o q n is

qn besi is n in b rqn o n

s

deb

70

ci

ochnde.

cn in i i sns c xishi h r n

yint ersasagueshn nababmde.

c si il beqnsi si il

n b p sh xs p si

Tov kos kas Tov kos higi hareshn wobski yisteo? Hac dungam yiskend qalatnd nababmde.

gol

masmar

Hac dungam yiskuc nababis ers s rsi

o c ni is

ci n b b n xish

n b b si in

osi dod deb c

shilmat

q n

si

rd r

silxana

sisnde Uc eshn in

ci is n in ers s

s i is end

s

r den

qn

c oxhnde.

n beshi

si

i io. Tov kos kaski yiskend ats pyadi namtama nama

gizio. Namtama nama atsnd end den

n

xi

s

xn

namuc kutsa maxn ati nam kutsn ba qodnsi kasnsend. Its dentkan namas atsi gol meg baqnsende. Kasnsend atsi maxn ati kos meda dentkan dub yixnsende. Uc geshn kosaga ukari itseshn hayxi yis bod

snsende

qexs

e

os

s i is end

sndi b

ch

c

os x n ci

din b gol karsi qyaki yiskend budineshn kos dani qixax

boknsu. os b

ch

dn b d h r h r

c i sn

is endeshn

c

xi masmar is end e

i

s i is

rd esi besns e. Ucam kos d ni

sns e A s b n l o de ni rn oq

si

c

sn

rd b d

rq n xi oci

rdi es n esnsende. Ucam budina

“A”budinqan yiskendi kos kas uc shanapmarguc shidi byarski purqn kartnsende. n

o n os hi

is end

p si b

q n h s r endi

is ende A s end b eshn es i is end i sis

so

b n

kasarguc yistan game masti byarstnsende. Budina end kos kaski erargend mastn”B”b dinq n

s i is end 71

sndi ol s

s ib

qeram qeramend shilmat etagucn gamnas budini shilmat etnsargende. Ucagisn kos kaski yiskend bana kasarguc aparn detsasi silxana e i b

z wucasni besti kasn haknsende.

Dosas1: Hac kamam yiskuc nababis xisham nababmsi hac dungam yiskend oxhndis karsnde.

1. Ats kos kasnd pyadi ameo? 2. 3.

os

s i is i b goci yiskend debm haragi atnseo?

reshn

s si b

o de ni is eo?

4. Kaski yinti yistan har yitsnseo? 5. Hac dungam estuc qalat debm gahnde: masmar, shilmat, silxana gol. Dosas 2: Nababa “Tov kos kas” maki yiskuc tarikis yintayqn pyadam taram taram kot kot qodni karsi nababmde. Yin don c n b

qop

qn n b b

c

ri i h

xi is

ci

i io.

1. Tarika yintayqn nababmuckan haragi atadeo? 72

hi

2. Y n b cd n n b

h is

qop

c

ns eshn i s ci h reo?

c s nx r his in

qn d b rn q

xsnde Uc eshn

h

c

q n x’ocnde.

Y naba

Y qop

1. _______

1. ________

2. _______

2. ________

3. _______

3. ________

4. _______

4. ________

Dosas 3: Hazh besaguc: Masti yiskuci gahnd shidan qixsnd babi onan besagend qalatnda gizio.

Qalatnda end yisind:

itsayqn

yintayqn

yint

its

Amts: 1. Kyani

nans saxsu.

2. Sovi itsaqn tam tosu. Hac kamam estuc amts yintayqni nababmu geshn itsayqn max

x

xs sni x’on

h

xsapmde. Dosas 4: Hac kamam “Tov kos kas”maki yiskuc tarikis sasam yintayqn kay nababmde. Uc geshn yint maxsap beqargu yisti uynxam karsi xsapmde. Dosas 5: Yintayqn ersasaguci hayxi yiskucis tyapasi siski yint dabtarn soy maki xsapmde.

1. tov kos

4. dentkan

2. Kuch kos

5. shilmat

3. kangwon

6. silxana 73

Dosas 6: Budinam yint qodangi hac kamam “Tov kos kas” maki yiskuc nababis taram taram nababmde. Dosas 7: Nac malat: Hamagi naca, dita, baxha, ezaga kasha, petuci xsapaga dentkan yistan is

p

n c

l

n xs p s e(!) Xs p

c xs pi is n

G h den

ni

s h s pe c besi is

n oxhi is n x’on

h

c

den c

rn oxh

n l

ni ni

s h s pe i

xs sns e. (“

“)

l is ni xs p se (?)

Amts: “Wor dodi wontamarage! Donta ert ketn hamashine?”

b

maken. c

in i beq c

s bod

h cd n

es end x’on

h den

n

h

malati yisn koysti yiskucn xsapmsi yint ersasaguc besnde.

1.

on

i i en

2.

o bo e

3.

or shido

s

rd se

i dob li b n

oxh .

ib r d

i ne n beqns

Dosas 8: Yintayqn ersasaguci hayxi yiskucis tyapasi siski yint dabtarn soy maki xsapmde. Dosas 9:

cd n

is end q l

den

n b porsh

x

“A”

i is end in

snde.

“B”

1. coc ____

a. kap

2. shoyt____

b. xsonbat

3. gag____

c. xhub

4. sit ____

d. xul

Dosas 10: Hac kamam “Tov kos kas” maki yiskuc nabab tovqan yis ci h r n in

qn besi is n in b rqn

deb

c si il beqnsi si il

ochnde.

Dosas 11: Tov kos hig baqnsi zolqi kaski shanapmend budineshn hayxi yiskuc xsap yeshsnsi yint ersasagueshn nababmde.

74

Isport qayxsaguc Solomon K ch n

eshn

s beqi ers de?

Hac dungam yiskend qalatnd nababmde.

isport cd n

tekwando ukarndi

is rsi

c n b bis ers s n b b si in

wudidir

ci n b b n xish q n

rd r

wanxha

sisnde Uc eshn in

qn

ci yistan yint ersasaguc oxhnde.

Solomon Kabad masti yiskuc nansi Hawasa s i is bo ns

c

p

n n es

op

r

e

xn

cn

b

q n

e nn

rdi

bor d dn

ch n

i b nqi

r .

Solomoni kot bana iqu geshn isport ketn hanqi wosan isporti qayxsi yistan beqi yistu. “Isport ketn vyarda tamarn tanue ” M oxh

Uc

b

b n ispor

isn q

i b bay

xs is

c e nh

Uc geshn isport ersasaguci tekwando ispor

s i is

sumi xsapu. os n b is

o x ber

kay q

xsns n bes

ns b n q

Ucis d p

xs c eshn

h nqi b kaya, b n l b n

xn q

i

cis

oxn q

i oln dos

xsi

Y

xsi is . Yisi isport qayxsi

zolas ata mastn siskend isportaga ukarndi “Wos Solomoni qayxsi yiskuci h nqi n beqe” Maki yevend. Ukarnda endi haran makian Solomon kitnseo?

Ucam “ end

c eshn ispor rs b

i si

xn sn c es i n s bir

didiri is n n xse n non e” xse n h nqi e eshn es

bana xsoxs qayxsnsuci kaygue”

Y

besh

ndo ispor dnsi

si “Solomona

o send. Ucam karti

hanqi besh qayxsi dumars wudidir atan bana xsestnsue maki yeshi 75

is b

Yisi eshi is

cn i si

ilileshn wanxha antsa biri

xse n h nq i si b nd ri

nqi

xn sn c es i

b rq n bos n ol se

masti erstue.

Dosas 1: Hac kamam yiskuc nababis xisham nababmsi hac dungam yiskend oxhndis karsnde.

1. Ukarndi harqan yistian Solomon beqni yevadeo? 2. Woskenan Solomon kuchi batsadeo? 3. Solomon baya yisi isportam zolnsue maka tatsa yitsnga? 4. Hareshn bandari Solomon barqan bostadeo? 5. Hac dungam estuc qalat porshi haran hayxnde: 6. Isport, tekawando, Awasa, ukarnd, wudidr, wanxha ansa.

76

Dosas 2: Nababa “Isport qayxsaguc Solomon” maki yiskuc tarikis yintayqn pyadam taram taram kot kot qodni karsi nababmde. Hammagi Solomon Kabad woxasan traika hac wuri haran petnseo? Yint tatsis yintayqn naleshn hayxnde. Dosas 3: Hac dungam yiskend qalat nababmsi itsayqn porshi haran yint barqn ochnde.

1. kart

agucn

kartagucn

2. yist

agucn

yistagucn

3. ham

agucn

hamagucn

4. wog

agucn

wogagucn

5. mv

agucn

mvagucn

Hac kamam estend q l

xs sni x’on

hh

xnde Hac dungam estend

qalataga porshis xsotsi itsayqn dentkan yiskuc porshaga bad atis hayxnde.

kartagucn

kartangende

wogagucn

wogangende

mvagucn

mvangende

Dosas 4: Hac kamam “Isport qayxsaguc Solomon”maki yiskuc tarikis sasam yintayqn kay nababmde. Uc geshn yint maxsap beqargu yisti uynxam karsi xsapmde. Dosas 5: Yintayqn ersasaguci hayxi yiskucis tyapasi siski yint dabtarn soy maki xsapmde Dosas 6: Budinam yint qodangi hac kamam “Ispor q

xs

c olo on”

i is

nababis taram taram nababmde. Dosas 7: Ats sum qodnuc: Ats sum qodnuc masti yiskendi sum qodn xsesti yiskend qalatnda gizio. Ats sum qodn xsestagend masti yiskendi:

77

c

Hac kamam sanxarazhqan yiskendam qayxsuc amtsis xisham nababmde. Uc geshn s nx r

hq n bor end q l nd

xs sni d

rs x’on

his xs p de

Amts: 1. Itsayqn dabtari bavu. 2. Tana tamar nyava gizawo. 3.

dabtarn woli buku.

Dosas 8: Yintayqn ersasaguci hayxi yiskucis tyapasi siski yint dabtarn soy maki xsapmde. Dosas 9:

cd n

es end q l

xs sni x’on

h xs p de

1. dingur

3. mv

2. uc

4. qyap

Dosas 10: Hac kamam “Isport qayxsaguc Solomon” beqnsi si il

ci h r n in

i is

c n b b o q n is

qn besi is n in b rqn

deb

ochnde.

Dosas 11: Isportaga gaxsi hareo? Isportaga gaxsa yinti eri yiskucis xsapmsi yint ersasagueshn nababmde.

78

c si il

Kuch Kosi

sns c bod

Kos kasam zolas yinti atnsueshn koysti yiskuci hareo? Hac dungam yiskend qalatnd nababmde.

Kangwoyn cd n

is

woxaman

c n b bis ers s

n b b si in

Kuch kos ni

q n

s

shanapmsue

ci n b b n xish rd r

sisnde Uc eshn in

qn

rsi

ci is n int ersasaguc oxhnde.

cn shid n

s

ch os

s i is endi

yitsnsend 10aga dos bodi yiskende. Kuch kos ni kasarguc aparn detsasi haran ni qayxsnsan hayxi yiskue. Y

xn sn ci: isportaga simar ni mavnsue. Bitni woxsnsend,

Kurskend kutsi yistan yisn hanqi kangwoyn xolqi isport ni qayxsnsue. Y n

n sn ci:

dn b qer Y

qer

n snuci: G

lx ni ni is

cn n kuch namam gyad uxnsi

c bodam n xolnsue. dn xolqi ni is n n guzi zoln woxsi kos hazqi

soy ni kasns e N kuchkana, tovqan

n n

q np

yiskuci

bavnsue. Y odnuci: Kosi narsn wu n n

ch n

xn x’

nsi ni besn n

kuchn kosi yevi woxnsue. Y

c’n ci: Kuch kos kaski yisti dumars gah ni tatsnsuci

koystargue. Dap maki yint nalndeshn utsnde yistan kosa n

s i is

ci dodn woxnsue.

79

i n mayi dum tatsi

Y s p

: Ham

i os h

qi is

c

si 10

r

b n b

n s

shanapman kutsa ucn yiskend budin dentkan yiskend atsa zoli kurski haznsue. Y n p

: Hac kosi on kuchkanan yisteo? Hac geshn onagi bitasi

uxnseo? maki tatsnde. Kangwoyn osi

ch

n is

c

si

rab egam yisti kosi

wuagucn tana karsnsue. Nena shicho maki kevi shidan xsegi yisi hayxnsuci koysti yiskue. Y n

r n: Kosa marab hagam ata narskan wuan dodn wusa

woxargu is n h

qi p

xsi n

karsnsuci koysti yiskue. Kutsa ucn

kaski yiskend atsi b kang woxsi yeshi kutsa kosa yisn woxnsuc notnsui koysti yiskue. Y irsn: Kosa narsn wuan wognsu woxn yirc maknsi yeshi ni

no n so

i o Uc

e

n kuchn bana woxaman karta

dontnsene. Y

: Kangwoyn budina yia nina nini kaski yiskuca yint maxn

ati n shanapmsue maknde.

Y

ni www.wiki.com masti yiskuckan is i enc’non 80

porsh sn e

Dosas 1: Hac kamam yiskuc nababis xisham nababmsi hac dungam yiskend oxhndis karsnde.

1. Shanapmend atsi hareshn karti karti haznsue? 2.

chi

deb

h sni

s i is

cs

i h reo?

3. Kuch kos dani hareshn koysti yisteo? 4. Isport qayxseshn dosi koysti yiskuc nabi hareo? 5. Hac dungam yiskend qalat debm gahnde: kangwoyn, woxaman, shanapmsue. Dosas 2: Nababa “Kuch Kosi

sns c bod” maki yiskuc tarikis yintayqn pyadam taram

taram kot kot qodni karsi nababmde. Uc geshn kuch kosi wosan kaski yistan yint nalnda yinta maxn atnsi

deb

hnde. Uc geshn Kuch Kos kasaga apara

geshara baqnsi yint dabtarn xsapmde.

1.

_____________________________________________

2.

_____________________________________________

3.

_____________________________________________

4.

_____________________________________________

5.

_____________________________________________

6.

_____________________________________________

7.

_____________________________________________

8.

_____________________________________________

9.

_____________________________________________

10. _____________________________________________

81

Dosas 3: Dyamasagend:

s

end

s i is end n

s x’on

h

s

r r end b

qeram qeramendis dyamasi yisked qalatnda gizio. End yisind:

ucam

uc geshn

uc baram

yi petasn

n bi

uceshn

petangi

masti yiskenda dumarsnd petni haknsende. cd n

es end d

s

end

his

b n h nqi i is

Ucam

oh c p

b bi

petangi

saxsu

snde.

mantam qayxsu.

n bi

Kyana gozhasi nans

c p sh in

hanqu.

Baba nansa

e n ie i

gabm hanqend

Dosas 4: Hac kamam “Kuch Kos”maki yiskuc tarikis sasam yintayqn kay nababmde. Uc geshn yint maxsap beqargu yisti karsi uynxam xsapmde. Dosas 5: Yintayqn ersasaguci hayxi yiskucis tyapasi siski yint dabtarn soy maki xsapmde. Dosas 6: Budinam yint qodangi hac kamam”Kuch Kos” maki yiskuc nababis taram taram nababmde. Dosas 7:

cd n

es end d

ucam uc baram

s

endis

s

lq n

rsi x’onc’nde

n bi

uceshn

uc geshn

petangi

yi petasn

1. Komtukesi _________haragisan hayxargu yisti b n ns deknu. 2. Dorteti yars yisti inch olqan keski woxi haybagi shidi pyaxsue. _____ gadnsi inch olqan keski erargue. 3.

ir i b ich b n ___________ ket canq myasend. 82

4. Wuci wonsan yiskue. _________ yint maxsapa, dabtara nababmde. 5.

el si b

ch

s

b

.

Dosas 8: Yintayqn ersasaguci hayxi yiskucis tyapasi siski yint dabtarn soy maki xsapmde. Dosas 9:

cd n

x’on

h

p

n obq n is end q l nd den

n x’on

h

cis

ibar hatsnsendis kursi kutsa galqan xsapmde.

1. 2. 3.

Ezubaya uxs ______. (coven, i

b n

uxen, aysken)

is __________. (wosen, baxhen,

xyansen)

Atsndi sov debm zak ___________. (dyadend, gixsend, wohend)

4. N si q r

b

e ____________

(is ,

, p’e

,

tuku) Dosas 10: Hac kamam “kuch kos” h r n in

i is

c n b b o q n is

qn besi is n in b rqn

deb

c si il beqnsi si il

ci

ochnde.

Dosas 11: Tov kosa kuch kosaga kas max ata bad ata xsapmsi yint ersasagueshn nababmde.

83

Yirc Napm: Sov Sov Sov gaxsi hareo? Sovis baysnsu gahi hareo? Hac dungam yiskend qalatnd nababmde.

gizndeshn cd n

xsoxndeshn is

c n b bis ers s

n b b si in

q n

sovaman ci n b b n xish rd r

sisnde Uc eshn in

ci is n in ers s

Sovi gizndeshn katse Sovi xsoxndeshn kete Katsam yisti sovame Kamis xhimchi sove Maski soyxi sovame Maqi besti sovame Sovi dakeshn acte Sovi incheshn mve Mvi sovaman soyxi yiskue Uci sovaman qayxsi yiskue Sovi gide sovi katse Sovi gide sovi mve

84

c oxhnde.

qn

rsi

Dosas 1: Hac kamam yiskuc nababis xisham nababmsi hac dungam yiskend oxhndis karsnde.

1. Sovi kete makaga porshi hareo? 2. Sovi dakeshn acte makaga porshi hareo? 3. Sovi kayguc kutsn yisti hakasnge? 4. N

p

n is

c so is

snsi so so i

sn is

c

p

ni

bavan soyage? Dosas 2: Nababa “Sov” maki yiskuc tarikis yintayqn pyadam taram taram kot kot qodni karsi nababmde. Uc eshn h c d n es end

r is

is

c s xinis in

qn d b rn q

xsnsi oxh

q n xs p nde.

1. Tarikaga ap gahis saxina ezqan xsapmnde. 2.

xin e q n is s xin

nxs

c shish

ri

p

his h

xi is end q l ndis

is endq n xs p nde.

85

Sov

katse

Dosas 3: Hac dungam xsapangi yiskuc qalam zar beqnsi bortend qalam zaris xsapmsi yint ersasagendeshn nababmde.

Amts: xsid

dal,

zoq

Hac kamam amtsa yinti beqendi sum pekal masti yiskende. Dosas 4: Hac kamam “Sov”maki yiskuc tarikis sasam yintayqn kay nababmde. Uc geshn zav gaxs maki yiskuc toh gah tovqan dumars nabab xsapmde. Dosas 5: Yintayqn ersasaguci hayxi yiskucis tyapasi siski yint dabtarn soy maki xsapmde. Dosas 6: Budinam yint qodangi hac kamam”Sov” maki yiskuc nababis taram taram nababmde.

86

Dosas 7: Sum pekal: Masti yiskuci sum geshn shidan sum aparn xsapangi sumeshn qazaga tats hayxi yiskuca gizio. Sum pekal masti yiskendi:

xsid cd n

dal, ez, x’on

yars kobc petni

h den

nb

haknsue.

o q n ’o ’ sn n i is end q li s

pe

hatsagend masti yiskenda gizio.

N si b n nseshn xsid par gotu. Cocka dal gyam uxen. cd n

is end x’on

h den

ns

dabtarn xsapmsi yint ersasaguc besnde.

1. Nansi uynx sur gotu. 2. Coc

cic’

en

xen

3. Nansi para yars debm kesku. 4. Kura xsida nas qyaka.

87

pe

l hatsagendi hanendan yint

l

Dosas 8: Yintayqn ersasaguci hayxi yiskucis tyapasi siski yint dabtarn soy maki xsapmde.Dosas 9: Hac dungam yiskuc saxanqan kipilqan yiskend qixsnd suma,mav zarnda, mv zarnda sum xsapmde.

Pyad

Kipilqan yiskend qixsnd

Mav zarnd

Mv zarnd

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Dosas 10: Hac kamam “Sov” in

i is

c n b b o q n is

qn besi is n in b rqn

deb

c si il beqnsi si il

ci h r n

ochnde.

Dosas 11: Itsayqn gapi maqargu shiducam dontuc itsayqn gapkan atsa myatasi cil pugam pursti yiskend atsndi haran yitsnsan budinam atangi yint barqn ochni nabab xsapi yeshasnsi yint ersasagueshn nababmde.

88

Sovis xisham baq Sova utis bana ucan atsi har petnseo? Xhim/soy sovis ni yapmsueshn har ni yitsnsueo? Hac dungam yiskend qalatnd nababmde.

yapmsueshn cd n

is

akumasnsuc purstnsarninue

c n b bis ers s

n b b si in

q n

ci n b b n xish

haskesargu

sisnde Uc eshn in

qn

rsi

ardarguci yistan yint ersasaguc oxhnde.

Soy sovi ats nyavi katsam yistnsueshn koysti yiskend gah dentkan maxa gizio. Sova soy ni yapmsueshn guzn magi sp

d d

ni h

sherqi is

cob r b

nsend h r pe n so

p

n is

ni esns

o s i is

s i is end cis es

c so

n boc’i e

si so

nxs d xhi is ns e

snsi shid n

q n ilorin

act qazqnsi soy maki xhimchi ni ucnsuy o s i is

e

o

c

n

i ni

s i is xhi

c

so i n

gapkan kaygu petan kilorin masti yiskuc actis sovqan yitsnsi ni ucni haknsue. So

ol , cob r

c nn , so

n

p

qer

c ni c n , so

s i is

c c is

is ni

q n is r

is i

in p

ni h

nsue. Sova ut ni ucan

po da, dumarsnd pug n p

ni h

nsende P

n

end p i is c

akumasnsuc i i n d dn ci n

rdi is

is ir n n i ilorin

ni c n b qer ’ ,

q n

oxni h

o eshn esni ni h pe n

ns e Y s

ns e.

89

ci n

n

ni

n n bo ns e P

Uceshn sovis xisham baqi ni ucan myat karti purstnsarninue Ac

o eshn esns c n

i i es r

shidns e. Tatsi haskesargu dyaqam

yistni ni haknsue.

Dosas 1: Hac kamam yiskuc nababis xisham nababmsi hac dungam yiskend oxhndis karsnde.

1. Sova ut ni ucan h r

rp

in p

nseo?

2. Sovis xisham baqi ni ucan har qopan ni yapmsueo? 3. Pursti akum ketn hamargu ni shidan wosmaknseo? 4. Yin

qn

p

n so

boc’ sn r endi is

maknseo?

90

pe n h r

5. Hac dungam yiskend”

’ ,

poid , ilorin” qal porsh

hayxnde. Dosas 2: Nababa “Sovis xisham baq” maki yiskuc tarikis yintayqn pyadam taram taram kot kot qodni karsi nababmde. Yin don c

qop

qni n b b

c

ri i h

xi is

ci n b

hi

i io.

1. Tarika yintayqni nababmuckan haragi atadeo? 2. Y n b 3.

h

ci tnsueshn yitsuci hareo?

cd n Uc eshn

is h

c s nx r c

n b

his in qop

qn d b rn q

xsnde

q n x’onc’nde?

Dosas 3: Sum pekal: Masti yiskuci sum geshn shidan sum aparn xsapangi sumeshn qazaga tats hayxi yiskuc qala gizio. Hac dungam estend amts bodam qayxsnde.

Amts: xsid

uynx

1.

o n bi b n nseshn xsid sur gotu.

2.

ob li b

sh eshn uynx gurd gotu. 91

Hac kamam qayxsuc amtsis xisham beqnsi hac dungam yiskend sum pekal h s

end

xs sni x’on

zoq

h xs p de

ez

yars

kobc

Dosas 4: Hac kamam “Sovis xisham baq”maki yiskuc tarikis sasam yintayqn kay nababmde. Uc geshn yin

xs p beqr

is i

sis

nx

rsi xs p de.

Dosas 5: Yintayqn ersasaguci hayxi yiskucis tyapasi siski yint dabtarn soy maki xsapmde. Dosas 6: Budinam yint qodangi hac kamam”Sovis xisham baq” maki yiskuc nababis taram taram nababmde. Dosas 7:

cd n

is end n b bis n b b si

den

ns

pe

lh s

end q lis

badasi yint dabtarn xapmsi yint ersasagueshn nababmde.

l is

qni is

ich sh cn

n

e

obq n h nqi is end

r xsidi i s

qn

d

sherqnsi inch e corq n sh end Uc eshn p r

is i b n

nxs b n

nqi

Uc n

r

ci i s

qn

i h nq .

Dosas 8: Yintayqn ersasaguci hayxi yiskucis tyapasi siski yint dabtarn soy maki xsapmde. Dosas 9:

cd n

x’on

h

p

n obq n is end q l nd den

n x’on

h

cis

ibar hatsnsendis kursi kutsa galqan xsapmde.

1. N nsi ’on n

s i

(mvu, toku, koysu)

2. Nansi dichi cac __________.

(mvu, tyavu, qoxu)

3. Totnabi qoxsn hanqi gez __________. (mvu, tyavu, qoxu, ucku) 4. Nasi milixh

b b c’ _______________. (capu, dogu, pitu)

Dosas 10: Hac kamam “Sovis xisham baq” ci h r n in

i is

qn besi is n in b rqn

c n b b o q n is deb

c si il beqnsi si il

ochnde.

Dosas 11: Sovaga maqis isi yiskend gahndi wosasaman sovqan vyardi sov isi yisku petan yint kay xsapi yeshasnsi yint ersasagueshn nababmde.

92

Tatsarguc cobara diha Yintayqn gapkan sovi ats mvi eri yistage? Yintayqn bab mvis sovi dihi eri yistage? Hac dungam yiskend qalatnd nababmde.

katnsagas

yepmsueshn

tatsargucam

hammsargueshn

koystargue

qayxsnsui

hatsnsargueshn

dentsnsui

cd n

is

c n b bis ers s

n b b si in

q n

ci n b b n xish rd r

sisnde Uc eshn in

ci is n in ers s

qn

rsi

c oxhnde.

Sovi myataga gaxs utsi yiskuc Yer dyad keta gizio. Ucagon yi petasn woli myat bukagucn sovi kitsi tatsarguc iratis ats nyav debm hatsi yiskue. Irata end yisind bodam hanqa ba tatsuc kutsn ata digam bana kartnsagas maki hanqi yiskend atsndis tutal mvi eti hanqi woxi yiskue. Ucam itsayqn ing petendi ayni yepmsueshn hatsi yiskue. Uc kay es r ’on

, dichii , d

mvi dih sni b

i so i i s b n so

ec’n shik qayxsangi yiskend

rsnd dihi e i h nqi is

endi b n

e Uc

s is

qn

b n bela tatsargucam beysti iratni

yiskende. Uceshn so i i si h

l ir

cn so i i s n i is n

den sns i o s r

e N

p

n deb oli

hatsnsargueshn: od pe n

n is end so deb

sn esni ni x

zakis ni gixsnsuy koysti yiskue. Xish etku sov gec,n shik mv ni 93

ni ol

qayxsnsuy o s r i

e

eln isi ni dons r

i so is n

ec’n shi ni

ol-en i

n

q

xsni

oli b cob r

nn dihi e i

hamsargueshn yarm pyadi ni qayxsnsuy koysti yiskue.

Dosas 1: Hac kamam yiskuc nababis xisham nababmsi hac dungam yiskend oxhndis karsnde.

1. Sovi kitsaban har iratan ats debm hatsi yisteo? 2. o i i si ir

n deb

h sns r

eshn h r

xish n ni

yitsnsueo? 3.

o i

s deb

l ir

h si is

i

xsi

eshn

e

makni hakni? 4. Hac dungam yiskend qalatnda “dih , ec’n, tutal, zaka, wolen ’’porsh h

xnde

94

Dosas 2: Nababa “Tatsarguc cobara diha” maki yiskuc tarikis yintayqn pyadam taram taram kot kot qodni karsi nababmde. Yin i n b b ir

bod

d p rn q

ir

endi pi ns c h

xsnde Uc eshn ir

xi is

c

ri i

ex q n is end

e Uc eshn s x nq n is

cis in

porsh xs p de.

1. Irata end hareo? 2. Wosasan qayxsi piknseo? Irat 1. Ats mvi yiskue. 2. 3.

Y

irati piknsuc

bodi 1. Zak gixsnde. 2. 3. Dosas 3: Hac dungam es end x’on

his

s bod

pi

snde

Amts: N sib N si b

sh

b n

sh b n ep

ep h nq .

h nq .

1. Ezubayauxs uxa. _____________________________. 2. Kyaninanssaxsu. _____________________________. 95

3. Balakayadichimola. ___________________________. 4. Ersasagenakipilqnvyarda. _______________________. 5. Zukidanbeqnsiwoxsa. __________________________. Dosas 4: Hac kamam “Tatsarguc cobara diha” maki yiskuc tarikis sasam yintayqn kay nababmde. Uc geshn yint maxsap beqargu yisti uynxam karsi xsapmde. Dosas 5: Yintayqn ersasaguci hayxi yiskucis tyapasi siski yint dabtarn soy maki xsapmde. Dosas 6: Budinam yint qodangi hac kamam “Tatsarguc cobara diha” maki yiskuc nababis taram taram nababmde. Dosas 7:

o

: o

s i is

ci

xses nsend

his ni xse

cn

den

n xs pi

yiskuc malata gizio. ( , )

Amts: dor e i b n nseshn s r

o

xh

o

or e i b nanseshn sura, kota, xhama gotu. c

in i beq c

s bod

h cd n

es end x’on

h den

n

h

malata, ez pidala yisn koysti yiskucn xsapi karsi soysi xsapmsi yint ersasagueshn besnde.

1. dora ketsa gyama endi ket giznda gizio ___________________________________________. 2. totnaba, gonxia, kelasa endi woynten ert ketn wuargend. ___________________________________________. 3. kura para giraxha endi daracamend giznda gizio. ___________________________________________. Dosas 8: Yintayqn ersasaguci hayxi yiskucis tyapasi siski yint dabtarn soy maki xsapmde.

96

Dosas 9: Hac dungam yiskend qalat dentkan bad ati yiskuc qalat badasi xsapmde.

1. ’on ,

donq,

2. kizh,

gez,

dichi, e p’ bax,

xsil,

kazgn

3. sur, uk, xham, shash, bet 4. sh sh n, de ,

ndoc’, din ur

Dosas 10: Hac kamam “Tatsarguc cobara diha” si il

ci h r n in

i is

qn besi is n in b rqn

c n b b o q n is deb

c si il beqnsi

ochnde.

Dosas 11: Yintayqn bayamendi harqanan ucasnsu sov kiti gaxsasni yiskuanna, sova uci xhimage utan peti yistan xsapmde.

97

Yirc Nyartn: Marazha tun Gazexaqan yiskend irat Gazexai haeshnan xsapi yistan eri yistade? Hac dungam yiskend qalatnd nababmde.

Gazexa cd n

is

yakarni c n b bis ers s

n b b si in

Gazexa

limata

q n

s i is

ci

ci n b b n xish rd r

hi

sisnde Uc eshn in

ci is n in ers s

codn s

qn

rsi

c oxhnde.

seshn gah yakarni

yiskend dentkan maxa gizio. Gazexais atsa nababmi erargendeshn gaxsargue. Gazexa nababmi yiskendi bana koya yiskend gahndis gazexan yaki yiskue. Gazexai qayxs koyi yiskendeshna, tamar nyavnda, Yunibrsitiqan vyardnsendeshna, yakarni yiskue. si

n is i b qer

qer

bana qayxsa yiskend qayxsis ex end n b b i

n xs

end bod limata b dod b ex n xs pi is i is end

si

haknsue. kasi kutsa hacn gazexai gosti yisteo? debq n is ns e N er r ende

s codn si ex

o

ex n b b i shid n

seshn

e Y pe sn

eo? Maki yinti oxhni i is

c oxhi in xs

b n p rqn e

i h

nb

ket guzn xogian yiskende. Atsi dod kem bodam shidan giz bodam pird ketn hanqi ta ni gaha uci gazexam kesmake mastn haknsue. Uc geshn gazexai yisn yapsti yiskuc kuts erargende. Es yisti abi wuru geshn kevi yeki yiskue. Ucagisn 98

si

n don i

xs ermake. Nababmi erargendi atsa dumars

oxhmako. Aba hacam xsapi yiskend gazexai kobca gizio. Ucam dontuc qabaleqana woradaqana kutse masti yiskuci kang yapstnsargue. Hamagi atsi kangi don i xsoxs

ns r

ex n n b b

e Uc

isn

s e

n

ex i obc xs p n

p

di

sp

n b b s c

d b n sp

di

beshn gazexai dod debm koysti yapstnsargue. Gazexai beshn nababmsend atsi gazexai utsi yiskuc gaxsa erarguc shidan soy es r Y

rn

ex xs pi is end

e

ha endi itsayqn noti yiskend atsa maxn

ati atsa erargend ersasmako!

Dosas 1: Hac kamam yiskuc nababis xisham nababmsi hac dungam yiskend oxhndis karsnde.

1. Gazexaaga gaxsi hareo? 2. Gazexan mangisti xsapi yiskuc gahi hareo? 3. N

si

ex

xs

p r

ci hareshneo? 99

4. Gazexai yisn yapsti yiskuc kutsi harqaneo? Dosas 2: Nababa “Gazexaqan yiskend irat” maki yiskuc tarikis yintayqn pyadam taram taram kot kot qodni karsi nababmde. Yin i n b b ir

bod

ir

endi pi ns c h

es cis in d b rn ir nd

xi is

c

ri i

ex q n is end

e Uc eshn s xin h c d n

endi pi nsend xs p de.

1. Irata end hareo? 2. Wosasan qayxsi piknseo? Irat 1. Nababmi erargend 2. 3.

Y am rati piknsuc bodi 1. Ats oxh maka 2. 3. Dosas 3: Hac dungam es end x’on

his

s bod

pi

snde

Amts: Wonsanwuciyisku. 1. 2.

Wonsan wuci yisku.

or oc’end sndixs n p

n

c’

s sn end sip rs

3. Geradoruxatyaven. _____________________________. 100

4. Ketsanammyanta. ______________________________ . Dosas 4: Hac kamam “Gazexaqan yiskend irat”maki yiskuc tarikis sasam yintayqn kay nababmde. Uc geshn yin

xs p beq r

is i

sis

rsi

nx

xs p de.

Dosas 5: Yintayqn ersasaguci hayxi yiskucis tyapasi siski yint dabtarn soy maki xsapmde. Dosas 6: Budinam yint qodangi hac kamam”Gazexaqan yiskend irat” maki yiskuc nababis taram taram nababmde. Dosas 7: Hac dungam yiskuc paragrap dentkan dirquc gah malata, pidala eza yisn koysti yiskuc kutsn xsapi karsi pikasi yint dabtan xsapmde.

kozhua p’ex

s i is end n

i n l n lndagi max gapm pashti

yistend maxn goqn kambul bodn kos kaski itsayqni yistagucn nasa kobtet masti yiskuci bodam hamagi atu kobteti sosn aparn kambul bodn irata ati yiskucis eri yiskuagi kambul bodn kasashidnde maki itsayqn kitnsi hanqu itsayqnind soye maki nasi hamaguc hak kasargu shidend uc geshn karti bodn kaski itsayqni yistn kanbuli ati itsayqn dugu Dosas 8: Yintayqn ersasaguci hayxi yiskucis tyapasi siski yint dabtarn soy maki xsapmde. Dosas 9: Hac d n

is end q l

den

n b porsh

“A”

x

a. pudal

2. pel ____

b. nunq

3. xep ____

c. dorg

4. xhumxh ____

d. sharsh

Dosas 10: Hac kamam “Gazexaqan yiskend irat” c

snde.

“B”

1. zatar ____

beqnsi si il

i is end in

ci h r n in

i is

c n b b o q n is

qn besi is n in b rqn

ex q n is end ir

i is

deb

c in i n b b

ochnde. eshn

gahnde. Dosas 11: Gazexaga gaxsi haran yint barqn ochni xsapmsi donti nababmde.

101

c si il deb

Radonaga dyad Radon gobqan gahi yiskend atsi harqan wognsi yisteo? Hac dungam yiskend qalatnd nababmde.

signal elitromaganetik Hac dungam yiskuc n b bis ers s n b b si in

q n

doni

e i

telegrap

herz

ci n b b n xish rd r

osileshn

sisnde Uc eshn in

ci is n in ers s

seshn sis i is

radon qn

rsi

c oxhnde.

e. Uci radon masti yiskuci

ats apam besti yiskend qixsama gizio. Qixsa endi e qeramenda gizio. Qixsa end gobqan vyardi yi

n

rs b qer si b h

sis i

yiskue. Qixsa endi radon masti xsesti yiskende. Ucam ats katsi narskan hanqi yiskuc bodi signal

s i is

e Y

s

r

isi h nqi is

ci

elitromaganetik masti yiskue. Onagi radon dyadadeo?

N s

he s ler

dentkan n rs

n

si

s i is hi is

ci 1

0 uxnsi 1873 hak yiskuc berg

c dyadue. Qixsa uci telegrap masti

yiskue. Telegrapi kasi sov gobqana dod gobqana babur gobqana yiskend atsi siski yitsue. Woyn en

si b

e n sis i is

c r don

s

r

dyaduci Markoni Guglemo masti yiskuc Xalen atsa gizio. Markoniaga radoni telegrapa bana max harki yiskue. Radona uc sumi narskan wobtaguc herz kats masti xsesti yiskue. Uci xhad debm yiskend atseshna, markabqan sov debm hanqi yiskend atseshna, atsa dirzhiti itseshn yiskenda, gixni yiskendeshna, kang atsn wosis narsn hayxi yiskuc radona gizio. 102

Uc

isn

dn c r donis soy maki dyaduci markonia gizio. Kasi

Ingliz atsa Yahonas Ambors Pleming masti yiskuci osileshn ampol masti yiskuc qixs dyadue. Enda elitromaganetik masti yiskuca, osileshn masti yiskuca, d

s

eshn

o n en n

e n shid n

ob ilq n

si

hn n

hayam siski ni yiskue. Y

ni www.wikipedia.com masti yiskuckan yisti enc’non

porshasnue.

Dosas1: Hac kamam yiskuc nababis xisham nababmsi hac dungam yiskend oxhndis karsnde.

1. Zhems Klerki haran dyadeo? 2. Markonii haran dyadeo? 3. Radon gaxsi hareo? 4. Y

dn d

s c r don e

rseo?

5. Hac dungam estend qalatnd debm gahnde radon, signal, telegrap, herza osileshna 103

Dosas 2: Nababa “Radonaga dyad” maki yiskuc tarikis yintayqn pyadam taram taram kot kot qodni karsi nababmde. Uc eshn h c d n q

xsnsi oxh es end

r is

is

c s xinis in

qn d b rn

q n xs p de.

1. Tarika hac ap gahi hareo tarikaga ap gahis saxina ezqan xsapmde. 2. Saxina ezqan yiskuc ap gahis hayxi yiskend q l nd d

rsndis

shich

is end s xinq n xs p de.

radon dyad

osileshn

Dosas 3: Hac dungam yiskend qalat nababmsi itsayqn porshi haran yint barqn ochnde.

1.

eshn

eshn

2.

eshn

eshn

3. n

eshn

n eshn

4. n

eshn

n eshn

5.

eshn

eshn 104

Hac kamam es end q l

xs sni x’on

hh

xnde

Hac dungam estend qalataga porshis xsotsi itsayqn dentkan yiskuc porshaga bad atis hayxnde.

Shalnsen

sh

sen

woxsnsen

oxs sen

saxsnsen

s xs sen

Dosas 4: Hac kamam “Radonaga dyad”maki yiskuc tarikis sasam yintayqn kay nababmde. Uc geshn in

Atsnd sum

xs p beq r

is i

tatsis karsi uynxam xsapmde.

dyastend qixsnd sum

isi d

s c ber

1. 2. 3. Dosas 5: Yintayqn ersasaguci hayxi yiskucis tyapasi siski yint dabtarn soy maki xsapmde. Dosas 6: Budinam yint qodangi hac kamam”Radonaga dyad” maki yiskuc nababis taram taram nababmde. os s :

cd n

es end

hd

s

end

x

x

x’on

h xs p de

Amts: ir i b ich b n petangi ket canq myasu. ucam uc baram

n bi

uceshn

uc geshn

petangi

105

yi petasn

Dosas 8: Yintayqn ersasaguci hayxi yiskucis tyapasi siski yint dabtarn soy maki xsapmde. Dosas 9: Hac dungam yiskend qalat dent

n b porsh

x

“A”

r endis ingasnde.

“B”

1. tunt ____

a. dod

2. ersasagen____

b. pelamuc

3. katam ____

c. gaxar

4. xhar ____

d. ersasaguc

Dosas 10: Hac kamam “Radonaga dyad” maki yiskuc nabab o q n is ci h r n in

qn besi is n in b rqn

deb

c si il beqnsi si il

ochnde.

Dosas 11: Radonam hayxasni yiskend gahi haran yint barqn budinam ochni xsapmsi yintayqn ersasagueshn nababmde.

106

Yirc Irsn: Gix Gipir qoxsa gixa Gixi hareo? Atsa gixni yiskendis beqi eri yistade? Hac dungam yiskend qalatnd nababmde.

haknsargende cd n

is

etnsueshn

c n b bis ers s

n b b si in

Gixi b qer

q n

qer

shoyntam

ci n b b n xish rd r

end q

sisnde Uc eshn in

qn

rsi

ci is n in ersasaguc oxhnde.

xs

si q

maxa gizio. Gixnas masti yiskendi b qer

xsi qi is end den qer

n

c ix ixni iqan ba

yaka yiskuc shoyntam gaxsasni yiskend atsnda gizio. Gixnasndi bana gota eta yevuc gixis karsi qazam goti yiqan shoynt yapmi qayxsi yiskenda gizio. Gixnasndi mangisteshn gipir qoxsnsui koysti yiskue. Esagon yi petasn atsa max maxndi gipir qoxsargu yisti acham gixni yiskende. Gah dentkan uci soy esargue. Atsa gipir qoxsi yiskendi mangisteshna, baeshna, gaxsnsuc gizan dubdasi yiskende. Gixnasa dumars atsnda qoxsi yiskuc gipir gizam mangisti ert keta, akum keta, boda qayxsi dod irsnsueshn gatsni yiskende. Uceshn gipir qoxsi yiskendi sher r

nb

gix gixni yiskende. Atsa gipir qoxsi yiskendi keta bana hazhi i

cis b

nyaveshn utsni haknsende.

107

Gipir qoxs r ir

n

xi i s

oxni h

ixni is end

nsende Gipir qoxs r

qn e is b r ni h

barzasni its

sndi b qer

qni

ns e cn

qer

c bod

ixni is end

e

b n

ni ers r

sndis

ixn h

eshn

n is i

h cis b n ir

is

deb

woxnsende. Gipir qoxsi mangistam erstargu yisti gixni yiskend atsndis mangisti xi xs

xsi i s

qn e is oc’i etnsueshn diti sherqi yistian gixni

yiskende. Uceshn mangisteshn gipir ni qoxsn mangisti keta, boda qayxsnsui koysti yiskue. N dodi iqn n i e n s ni

ns e Ir n r

n n

eshn n

er keta, akum ixi

e is b r

os n sho n sni ni

haknsue. Ditargu dyaqnsi gixni ni haknsue. Uceshn gipir qoxsi soya gizio.

108

Dosas 1: Hac kamam yiskuc nababis xisham nababmsi hac dungam yiskend oxhndis karsnde.

1. Gixnas masti yiskendi har qayxsi yiskend atseo? 2. Gipir gizam mangisti haran qayxsi yisteo? 3. Atsa max maxndi hareshnan gipir qoxsashini acham gixni yisteo? 4. Yintayqn babi gipir qoxs shni sh n h r

i n in

qni

kitnsueo? 5. Hac dungam yiskend qalatnd “gipir, gixnasnd” porsh hayxnde.

Dosas 2: Nababa “Gipir qoxsa gixa” maki yiskuc tarikis yintayqn pyadam taram taram kot

kot qodni karsi nababmde. Uc geshn namaga x’on gaha atsa kangaseshn ibar petni haknsenda namaga x’on gaha nasa nabab xsapuc tats petni haknsenda badasi xsapmde.

Dosas 3:

cd n

is end q l ndis i s

qn p r

esh r b qnsi

rsi xs pi x’on

h

qayxsnde.

Amts: dichi

yistn

nansi

boci atn

Bobti dichi boci yistn nansi ati

b

byaru

bobti

r .

Amtsa estuc bodam hac dungam estuc pikasi karsi xsapmde. 1.

c’

eti

tyavu

kyani

mert

______________________________________________ 2. kura

qyaken

nas

_____________________________________________

109

3. nas

tyaven

gera

dor

______________________________________________ Dosas 4: Hac kamam “Gipir qoxsa gixa”maki yiskuc tarikis sasam yintayqn kay nababmde. Uc geshn in

xs p beq r

is i

sis

rsi uynxam xsapmde.

Dosas 5: Yintayqn ersasaguci hayxi yiskucis tyapasi siski yint dabtarn soy maki xsapmde. Dosas 6: Budinam yint qodangi hac kamam”Gipir qoxsa gixa” maki yiskuc nababis taram taram nababmde. Dosas 7: Hac dungam yiskuc paragrap dentkan dirquc gah malata, pidala eza yisn koysti yiskuc kutsn xsapi karsi pikasi yint dabtan xsapmde.

nansa kashku masti yiskuci maxn goqn bodam h nqi is h nqi isi is p’oq n

cn inch

is n

shi in

rs beqen

h xi e i p rqn h nq e i purqn isi h s

b bi incha hana giq zara gizao

ib b rb

q n o

eshn

deb n

o n

o q n

c eshn b n ns oho deb

ih

sh

n

x n ns isind b b b h

ohi is n

iq en iq e

cn

ish i bo nsi o n so

i

e

x sis i so n

b

ket canq qayxsu Dosas 8: Yintayqn ersasaguci hayxi yiskucis tyapasi siski yint dabtarn soy maki xsapmde. Dosas 9:

cd n

is end d r

h deb

hnsi

porsh h

xnde.

1. Babi uxn baya pitn pugargue masta. 2. Bita xovi xugam dyama bita uli gixsam dyamas masta. 3. Qamtsuci qann xhadas masta. 4. Xsomasi baxn shichnsi atsn xsomtsas masta.

110

ii

Dosas 10: Hac kamam “Gipir qoxsa gixa” ci h r n in

i is

c n b b o q n is

qn besi is n in b rqn

deb

c si il beqnsi si il

ochnde.

Dosas 11: Yintayqn gapkan yiskuc gixnaseshn/yisken gixnineshn hayxi yiskuc xsapi yeshasnsi yint ersasagueshn nababmde.

111

Matsn gixnin Yintayqn gapkan atsi haran gixni yisteo? Yintayqn baba bayai har qayxsian yinteshn dabtar goti yisteo? Hac dungam yiskend qalatnd nababmde.

x’onc’ns eshn cd n

is

c n b bis ers s

n b b si in

rdns eshn

q

ci n b b n xish

sisnde Uc eshn in

q n

rd r

ci is n in ers s

Nama Gacin masta is en Uc geshn

p b d dn

bana yistagucn b ert e n p

e

rdn b

rs is n h nq

pp rb q

b

q nq

p b

sn b n d b r o e

c n

gotnsuc gizi kaygu shidu. Uc nabam ert e n hid n

s

is

cn d ni

pis

qn

rsi

c oxhnde.

baba baya hayqende.

is en. Ucam

shid n

xs shini

p

is en

p d dn

n is end

d b r oe is n

n lndi oxhen

s d p r rd r

shiden

n b oxhn i i b m kaygu

petucis itsayqneshn hayxen. Ucam qabaleqan yiskuc mangist qayxsas

xi

sn d b r o n er

hq b n lnd b n ipilq n

rn

rni is end

en

is

cn

rn

i

rden Uc pen

G cin so s d b r

cis

i e end.

Gacina har petnsao?

Uc so s b

e n b

b

is

p rqn

i sns b

r

en Uc

sen G cinind isn

p pe c

h

rns d b ri

i ir do en. Doganga bana yistagucn Gacina qay bergi

atan zolqa qayxsa giz yaka dabtara, simara, gota ert ketn bana 112

vyardnsueshn b obc

on pe sn b

p is

p b n so s

n id q

s

xs q

s

cis q

is en G cin

xs b n x’onc’ns eshn

xsi is end d dn

qn oxhen A sndi

idi

is

s

qn b n q

xsn

b n qayxsashini ichend.

Gacina har petnsawo?

Ucam Gacina soysa ayna yista purqn karten. Purqn karta yista inina maxa matsnis purn obarn yitsnsa yistn beqen. Ucam matsnis b p b n b

ixn n

Uc eshn p rqn ochnen Uc o ns c i

ir n r

r

os s

b n sho n

nb n

p

s

sen G cin

i

ix

p s pe is eren

cis

dns n b

sn qayxsns c os , dichi cis b

p

oseshn

apaga zosa giza ucam matskn qayxsnsuc gosa, dichi p sho n

sn

cis q

en Y sho n

xsn b c

p b n

p os b n d p r si

b r

sen o

e

e

e en

h nq

o

sn os n q

bergam timirt ketn vyarden. Ucam gadnsa ert e n G cin h p

s n esh sa boknsa yistn kangwoyn bucacam b

zosa bana gabm eta hanqa gota myat shoynt ya

b

cn p

i ir is

tamarna wursen. Matirk wucasna ezaga qop yaken. Ucam kolazhq n rd b

i ir

rn

rsen

i ir b n

rs

eshn

n

nyava yanxsa xsap ketkan ezaga mangist qayxsin ata qayxsa yiskene.

113

Dosas 1: Hac kamam yiskuc nababis xisham nababmsi hac dungam yiskend oxhndis karsnde.

1. Gacin pen ,

d p r on

i

deo?

2. Har goqnan Gacina matsknis gabm eta hanqa yistadao? 3. G cin b

s do

s n ixn r

b n shid s n b

i ir

tamarna wursnga? 4. Gid qayxs qayxsi yiskendi hareshnan Gacina bana qayxsashini ichadeo? 5. Matskn maki yiskuc qal porshi haran hayxnde?

114

Dosas 2: Nababa “Matskn gixnin” maki yiskuc tarikis yintayqn pyadam taram taram kot kot qodni karsi nababmde. Uc geshn tarika yinti nababmuc wurn nama Gacina kolazhqan vyardargu bana shidasan har petnsawo? Yintaga tatsis yint nalndeshn hayxnde. Dosas 3: Hac dungam es end x’on

his

s bod

pi

snde

Amts: Shoytagosmva.

Shoyta gos mva.

1. Xsonbatinassaxsa. _____________________________. 2. Gezaganamucibarta. ___________________________. 3. Dyantizavucka.________________________________. 4. Atsndiworketndubdugidodwonsa. __________________ . Dosas 4: Hac kamam “Matskn gixnin”maki yiskuc tarikis sasam yintayqn kay nababmde. Uc geshn in

xs p beq r

is i

sis

rsi

nx

xs p de.

Dosas 5: Yintayqn ersasaguci hayxi yiskucis tyapasi siski yint dabtarn soy maki xsapmde. Dosas 6: Budinam yint qodangi hac kamam”Matskn gixnin” maki yiskuc nababis taram taram nababmde. Dosas 7: Hac dungam yiskuc paragrap dentkan dirquc gah malata, pidala eza yisn koysti yiskuc kutsn xsapi karsi pikasi yint dabtan xsapmde.

h n n ci

b bi p

xi b b b b n es np

i

i

b bi boc’i

n

i is i er b n boc’i

n ns i n

yistu es itsayqni yistagucn hanana uc babi pursti haybmmi gamxu c ir

d

h n nn n s s

c’i b b bi h

si pesh i 115

x

x

b n b deb his b b bi b

ns c

hastne maki tatsnsi wo babo wosas wosas mva yista er

d o

nh ch

boc’

i b b b oxh

Dosas 8: Yintayqn ersasaguci hayxi yiskucis tyapasi siski yint dabtarn soy maki xsapmde. Dosas 9: Hac dungam yiskend ecec kart hayxnde.

1. Odnas yisti kok buki hareo? 2.

n

oqi

cn

i p’oq r

ci h reo? Segam paku

hagam tibali hareo? 3. Tyatndan basn baqaqi hareo? 4. Qadasn woxangi xhanch tyavi hareo? 5. Cactnsargu yisti camarni hareo? Dosas 10: Hac kamam “Matskn gixnin” ci h r n in

i is

c n b b o q n is

qn besi is n in b rqn

deb

ochnde.

Dosas 11: Yintayqni eri yiskuc gix zar sumis budinam atangi hayxnde. h

xend ix

den

n ix

in i

c ni is

yeshasnsi yint ersasagueshn nababmde.

116

c si il beqnsi si il

din

n i in i

eshn napm masmar xsapis yint kay

Yirc

: N qer qeraga tarik Nama Gena

Yitayqn tarik xsapi eri yistade? A si b

ri xs p

cn

q n xs pi is

ci h r h r

eo?

Hac dungam yiskend qalatnd nababmde.

yitsntanu cd n

is

kolazhqan

c n b bis ers s

n b b si in

s

ci n b b n xish

q n

i Gen

doganga tamarnsuci

rd r

sh e

sisnde Uc eshn in

ci is n in ers s

s i is

e

b

qn

rsi

c oxhnde.

s

i G cin

si

yisku. Tana yeyskuci 1981 bergama Bench mazhi zon Semen Bench woradaqan xsat masta yis en q b leq n

i io Yisn

iq

ber i

berg atn 1991 bergam xsat ert ket masta yisken ert ketn ta v

rd e

bab keti ert e d dn h

rn

pe eshn

si i is n

yistagucn wol enti atn dama masta yisken sova myat kitsene. Ucam segam ata ert e n

n h

s cis

n

ene. Yitsntanu b

sns

timirtis ta dogue. Doganga ta yistn qay bergi r

rd e

b

h nqi so n se e i esn tamarnsuci n p

ipil

r

c

esi

i ir is

n

b bi d b r o n er

dnsi

si p rqn

b bi

r s i

ol en i

en cn

ei

c h nqi p rqn

ei

rn

h l p

. Ucam gadnsi timirtis tana

so x e

i ir

rn h nq 199 ber

e N p

ipiln

rn 117

is

cn p

i

p

n

i ir is r

do

e A

i ir

n

e n h nq

sn

i ir

xs e 1999 ber

d e. Ucam gadnsa dobargu tamarna 2002 bergam

ta wursue. 2003 bergam Hosana kolazhqan rn e

p

rs dirs

rd

i ir is

h c se en bench wo radaqan qayxsa

ta yiskue.

Dosas 1: Hac kamam yiskuc nababis xisham nababmsi hac dungam yiskend oxhndis karsnde.

1. Genaa har qabaleqanan yeyiskadawo? 2. Gen 3. Gen b bi

ipiln is n p ol en i

i

p

n so i i si

shidasan har petnsawo? 118

deo? ir

s c

sn r

4. Hac geshn Gacina har bana yitsanan hac besh yiskuc ez kutsn atna haknsawo? Dosas 2: Nababa “Nama Gena” maki yiskuc tarikis yintayqn pyadam taram taram kot kot qodni karsi nababmde. Uc geshn h c d n c

n

Gen

r i

is

pe c bis

c si ilis in d b rn q p r

xsnde

esh r b qnsi s x n

yinti qayxsuc gobqan xsapmde.

Dosas 3: Hac dungam yiskend qalat nababmsi itsayqn porshi haran yint barqn ochnde.

1. dob

arguc

dobarguc

2. qayxs

arguc

qayxsarguc

3. woxs

arguc

woxsarguc

Hac

es end q l

xs sni x’on

hh

xnde

Hac dungam estend qalataga porshis xsotsi itsayqn dentkan yiskuc porshaga bad atis hayxnde.

1. dobarguc

doguc

2. qayxsarguc

qayxsuc

3. woxsarguc

woxsuc

119

Dosas 4: Hac kamam “Nama Gena”maki yiskuc tarikis sasam yintayqn kay nababmde. Uc geshn in

xs p beq r

is i

sis

rsi

nx

xs p de.

Dosas 5: Yintayqn ersasaguci hayxi yiskucis tyapasi siski yint dabtarn soy maki xsapmde. Dosas 6: Budinam yint qodangi hac kamam”Nama Gena” maki yiskuc nababis taram taram nababmde. Dosas 7: Hac dungam yiskend qalat nababmsi itsayqn porshi haran yint barqn ochnde.

1. sisku

sisargu

2. hanqend

hamargend

c

es end q l

xs sni x’on

hh

xnde

Hac dungam estend qalataga porshis xsotsi itsayqn dentkan yiskuc porshaga bad atis h

xnde Uc eshn i s

qn

x

x

x’on

1. capend

capargend

2. bequ

beqargu

3. capu

capargu

4. ucken

ucargen

h xs p de

Dosas 8: Yintayqn ersasaguci hayxi yiskucis tyapasi siski yint dabtarn soy maki xsapmde. Dosas 9:

cd n

is end q l

den

n b porsh

“A”

b d

i is ed in

“B”

1. mel

a. ketn

2. budn

b. tor

3. qexs

c. dorg

4. zyaxs

d. dimp

Dosas 10: Hac kamam “Nama Gena” h r n in Dosas 11: N

snde.

Gen

i is

qn besi is n in b rqn b

s

c n b b o q n is deb

c si il beqnsi si il

ci

ochnde.

ri xs p oxn yint kats tarik xsapmsi yint ersasaguc apm

nababmde.

120

Nasa Kozhu Yintayqn bergi am yistnan timirt ketn vyardadeo? Gaxarqan yisti tamarni yiskuc tamar nyav debm ati yiskuc irati har petnseo? Hac dungam yiskend qalatnd nababmde.

tamarnartanue cd n

is

c n b bis ers s

n b b si in

s

ci n b b n xish

q n

i o h

qabaleqana

rd r

s i is

mahn

sisnde Uc eshn in

ci is n in ers s

e

b bs

iG

qn

rsi

c oxhnde.

d

b

s

iN

in

masti yisku. Tana yeyskuci 1965 bergam Bench mazhi zonqan Gixhi qabaleqana gizio. Yisn ta iquc dodi gaxar qabaleqana gizio. Aba ucam timirtaga gaxsis atsi myat erargueshn timirt idil yaka tamarnartanue. Cet nyav atanga ta yistn qabalen mangisti san ket gixsasi tamarsn yisn od ber

rn

s

, dabdabea xsapa ta erue. Uc geshn idil yaka

tamarna ta hakargu shidue. Ucam dontuc myat ayna ta yiskue. ber i 1 ber masti yis h

e Uc sh

cn dns

n dod q

n

rs e

b bi xs

sh s

dod mahn

i

d

ber i

is e. Dod qayxsa ta yaka yiskuc giz

dubdasa ket gixsna ta yeshue. Uc geshn 1993 bergam Dab orq q n sh

n is i n

ixn

dod n

sn isn e n

s

ixs e rs

121

is

c e.

e

cn

Dosas 1: Hac kamam yiskuc nababis xisham nababmsi hac dungam yiskend oxhndis karsnde.

1.

o h i

ber i

cn n

sh

rs deo?

2. Nasa kozhu masht sumi oneo? 3. Kozhui apm erstangi yiskuc ketnas bana atnsueshn qazqi har qayxsnsuagi koysti yisteo? 4. Kozhui karti tamarni haknge?

122

Dosas 2: Nababa “Nasa Kozhu” maki yiskuc tarikis yintayqn pyadam taram taram kot kot qodni karsi nababmde. Hac dungam yiskuc sivilis yint dabtarn qayxsnde. Hac kamam nasa Kozhu

r i

pe c bis

p r

esh r b qnsi s x n

in i

qayxsuc gobqan xsapmde.

Dosas 3: Hac dungam estend qalat nababmsi itsayqn porshi haran yint barqn ochnde.

1. mv

mvargu

2. saxs

saxsargu

c

es end q l

xs sni x’on

hh

xnde Hac dungam estend

qalataga porshis xsotsi itsayqn dentkan yiskuc porshaga bad atis hayxnde. Uc eshn i s

qn

x

x

x’on

h xs p de

1. baxhu

baxhargu

2. duku

dupargu

3. xsyaxsu

xsyaxsargu

4. woxen

woxargen

Dosas 4: Hac kamam “Nasa Kozhu”maki yiskuc tarikis sasam yintayqn kay nababmde. Uc geshn in

xs p beq r

is i

sis

rsi

nx

xs p de.

Dosas 5: Yintayqn ersasaguci hayxi yiskucis tyapasi siski yint dabtarn soy maki xsapmde.

123

Dosas 6: Budinam yint qodangi hac kamam”Nasa Kozhu” maki yiskuc nababis taram taram nababmde. Dosas 7: Hac dungam yiskend qalat nababmsi itsayqn porshi haran yint barqn ochnde.

1. cecku

cecargu

2. yeku

yepargu

c

es end q l

xs sni x’on

hh

xnde Hac dungam estend

qalataga porshis xsotsi itsayqn dentkan yiskuc porshaga bad atis hayxnde. Uc eshn i s

qn

x

x

x’on

h xs p de

1. xolqu

xolargu

2. masku

masargu

3. syahen

syahargen

4. gotu

gotargu

Dosas 8: Yintayqn ersasaguci hayxi yiskucis tyapasi siski yint dabtarn soy maki xsapmde. Dosas 9:

cd n

es end q l

xs sni x’on

h xs p de

1. xsop’i

3. xsyaxsa

2. c c’ c

4. xolqa

Dosas 10: Hac kamam “Nasa Kozhu” h r n in Dosas 11: N s

i is

c n b b o q n is

qn besi is n in b rqn

o h ih

i

ixi isn co

deb

r

ci

ochnde.

shid n h r q

xsi n b n

Yint mayqan tatsi yiskuc xsapmsi yint ersasaguc besnde.

124

c si il beqnsi si il

rsnse?

h si

h

Xharn zhati puki hamm beqi yistade? Hac dungam yiskend qalatnd nababmde.

Yunibrsitiqan cd n

is

saykolozhi

c n b bis ers s

n b b si in

N

ci n b b n xish

sisnde Uc eshn in

qn

rsi

q n vyardarguci yistan yint ersasaguc oxhnde.

h si

i io

kompitaram

s A er

pi ri on

dodq n is en Pilipin

s i is

e Y

s

s

r

eyskuc paranzh pyadam

1983 berge. Wusa Arizon masti yiskuc Yunibrsitiqan vyarda saykolozhi ertam digri tam rnen Uc eshn xh rn p o

is en Uc

e

eshn

si olo

is n ib r xh rn p

n

i is

c h

b

cn

o

sndi “

os no

rn b s

chi

beqe” maki wusa hayxa

yiskuc gah sisni cunargende. Yintayqni Zhasika kutsn yinti atan har yitsnseo?

h si b si

o

dodn

rb

h

b rs

h

oxnsi is

c qixs don ns kompitaram xs p b

n i sn r

i ir o

d kay

ci dodn pesh

r

i ir

ers snsend

rn er

e b

oxnsen dodn

rden

ers s gendi

s p

e

r xh rn p

i

s o

rs b n

sn h

xend Uc

h

en.

i i si no i is or nen Y

en

sndi beqend Uc eshn h si

rnen

eshn xh rn h

rd b p

xn don

cn h

ce

don c “ h si

kaygu yistn dod debm yiskend ats dentkan b 125

o

h

p

oxn

eshn kuchi b

r h

ne?”

makend. Ucam Zhasika Kuksa zhat byartam zole maki yiskuc sartipiket sn utsend. Ucam gadnsa Zhasika dod debm erstanga yisken atsa gizio.

Dosas 1: Hac kamam yiskuc nababis xisham nababmsi hac dungam yiskend oxhndis karsnde.

1. h si

b

xns n h

b

r

is

o?

2. Zhasika tokasndi wosan maki gahi yistadeo? 3. Zhasika hareshn zhart byarna cunadao? 4. Zhasikaaga bergi ameo? 5. Hac dungam yiskend qalat debm gahnde? Arizon, Yunibrsity, komputar, sayikolozhi, zhat, digria sartipiketa 6. Uc

h

rd b

o

ik zhat byara xharn puken. Nibab

hackan ik maki yiskuc porshi hareo?

126

Dosas 2: Nababa “ h si

h

” maki yiskuc tarikis yintayqn pyadam taram taram kot

kot qodni karsi nababmde. Tarik uci haran besh yint ersasi yistan tatsnde, Yint naleshn hayxnde. Uc geshn yint dabtarn xsapmde. os s :

cd n

is end q l ndis i s

qn p r

esh r b qnsi

rsi xs pi x’on

h

qayxsnde.

Amts: dichi

gocku

gobis

b

hir

oc

N si b dichi obis

gazhiram nasi .

Amtsa estuc bodam hac dungam estuc qayxsnde. 1. utsu

tamar

ket

ersasaguci

qayxs

nyavndeshn ______________________________________________ 2. nocam nansi

duku

balakay

______________________________________________ 3. boc’

matskn

pakasen

gyama

______________________________________________ Dosas 4: Hac kamam “ h si Uc geshn in

h

xs p beq r

”maki yiskuc tarikis sasam yintayqn kay nababmde. is i

tsis karsi uynxam xsapmde.

Dosas 5: Yintayqn ersasaguci hayxi yiskucis tyapasi siski yint dabtarn soy maki xsapmde. Dosas 6: Budinam yint qodangi hac kamam” h si taram nababmde.

127

h

” maki yiskuc nababis taram

Dosas 7: Hac dungam estend amtsis xisham beqnde.

Amts: hac

geshn

1. Nasi hac gabm hanque. 2. Ert ketn yisti purqn ni atu geshn n

xs pis ni n b b s i

koysti yiskue. c

es end

qalatndam x’on

aparqn

s xish

n b b si

bodam hac dungam estend

wonsan

omtan

h xs p de

woynten

1. ___________________________________. 2. ___________________________________ . 3. ___________________________________. 4. ___________________________________. Dosas 8: Yintayqn ersasaguci hayxi yiskucis tyapasi siski yint dabtarn soy maki xsapmde. Dosas 9:

cd n

x’on

h

p

n obq n is end q l nd den

n x’on

h

ibar hatsnsendis kursi kutsa galqan xsapmde.

1. N si b 2. A sin n

os isi ______. (boku,udu) lq n ’on

(n

s en,

p’en,

koken) 3. A sin b besn

b n ___________. (koken, aken,

woxen) Dosas 10: Hac kamam “ h si si il

ci h r n in

h

”

i is

c n b b o q n is

qn besi is n in b rqn

deb

c si il beqnsi

ochnde.

Dosas 11: Iqa yintan yint timirt wursi haran yinti atnsan yint tatsis uynxam xsapmsi ersasagucn nababmde.

128

cis

Doktar Gozar Ertaga gaxsi haragisan eri yistade? Hac dungam yiskend qalatnd nababmde.

tamarnagucn

wunsueshn

doktar

Hac dungam yiskuc nababis ersasaguci nababan xisham sisnde. Uc geshn in n b b si in

q n

rd r

ci is n in ers s

Nama Gozar masta yiskena yistene. Go

qn

c oxhnde.

r b b b Benuck n b

baya Genaqan 1973 bergam yeyskene. Gozara napm ber b n eshn er

en

b b b

e i h nqi

rsi

c

vyarsende.

Uc geshn nama Gozara kipilqan bana wognsa tamarnagucn so s ers s e n is

ci h b n

xi is r

cis sis

q

cn b b b

xsn pesh yistene. Gozara er b yna ba hakucwoxn qayxsis

gatsna yistene. Uc geshn kipilqan bana tamarnucis karsa nababma yiskene. Ucam dontucis Go

r b er

gadnsa tama nama kipil b n erasagon kayguan is e

olq yistene. Gozara max kipiln

rs c

ch rn

er

e

i

i is

c sni b n e

c c

geshn Yunibersiti vyardi yiskuci shiku. Ucam Gozara wuca ucis nyava yiskend kamam bana eta wunsueshn olq b d b r

xs p n b b

yeshen. Wuca uci

wonsan wucasnsue mastagucn wola urgnamuci buku. Ucam dontucis sovi kitsu. Gozara dutam b

c

cis b n

atagucn so i i s n i is n beqns so s yisten. 129

c sne n so

hanqa sovn

c ec’n ixns tatsa

Uc geshn nama Gozara haran yitsnseo?

Ucam Gozara so si is n

se

wusa hanqu geshn

c esn

ec’n or o

xs so i isn i s r

c

den. Ucam sovaga barn zyaxs kot

ox’ e is n rsi b rqi so

c deb

h rxs p shi

bokangi yistn yaken. Ucam Gozara incha ucn dap dap maka segam kesken. Uc geshn hanqa ert ketn ata b

c

cis

c snen.

Ucam qopa ezis eti yevene. Uc geshn Gozara yuniberstiqan vyarda b

i ir

cis bana napm berg tamarnuc geshn doktar ata dirska

keskene. Ucam Wospitalqan vyarda atsa pugnasis akama pyatsa yistene.

130

Dosas 1: Hac kamam yiskuc nababis xisham nababmsi hac dungam yiskend oxhndis karsnde.

1. Gozara wosken yeskadeo? 2. Gozara tama nama kipil bana wursuc geshn harqan vyardadao? 3.

oc’ so deb

ox n i is

cis b n

p r

c shid s n

Gozara haran yitsnsao? 4. Gozara b

cis

c sna kartagucn so

i s ci b

i sn

yistnge? Dosas 2: Nababa “Dokter Gozar “maki yiskuc tarikis yintayqn pyadam taram taram kot kot qodni karsi nababmde. Tarka ucis karsi yinti hayxnsueshn gatsnsend qalis badasi yintayqn dabtarn xsapmde. Yintayqni xsapend qalis bordn xsapmde. Qala endama dumarsama gaxsasangi tarika Dokter Gozar maki yiskucis karsi yint naln hayxnde. Dosas 3:

cd n

is end x’on

h p r

esh r b qnsi

rsi xs pmde.

Amts: os e i b os e i b

ohn is

ohis

gazhira

n

b n b

c dir q

i b ns

xs

os e i b

os e i dichi d q

oh c p s

oh c p os e i b

r .

Pikna bana xsapagucn

1.

os e i b

hir

b n b

2.

os e i b

oh c p .

3.

os e i b

ohn is

4.

os e i b

ohis

c dir n

oh c p s

i b ns .

q

xs .

5. Kosteti dichi duqu. 131

r .

Hac dungam yiskuc paragrapis amtsa estuc bodam pikasi karsi xsapmde.

ipilq n d b re

rd er

rnen

en

p

s en.

e n h nqen. Gacina sudqan yista donten.

Pikna bana xsapagucn

1. __________________________________________. 2. ___________________________________________. 3. ___________________________________________. 4. ___________________________________________. 5. ___________________________________________. Dosas 4: Hac kamam “Dokter Gozar”maki yiskuc tarikis sasam yintayqn kay nababmde. Uc geshn in

xs p beq r

is i

sis

rsi

nx

xs p de.

Dosas 5: Yintayqn ersasaguci hayxi yiskucis tyapasi siski yint dabtarn soy maki xsapmde. Dosas 6: Budinam yint qodangi hac kamam”Dokter Gozar” maki yiskuc nababis taram taram nababmde. Dosas 7: Hac dungam yiskend qalatndam qayxsuc amts nababmde.

Amts: bitna

xisham

1. Gacina bitna ert ketn hanqen. 2. Totnabi xisham zakn kesku.

132

c

es end

qalatndam x’on

gidam

s xish

n b b si

bodam hac dungam estend

h xs p de

dap

nash/qash

1. ___________________________________. 2. ___________________________________ . 3. ___________________________________. Dosas 8: Yintayqn ersasaguci hayxi yiskucis tyapasi siski yint dabtarn soy maki xsapmde. Dosas 9: Hac dungam yiskuc saxanqan e

snd, o q n is end xsoxnd s

,

cil

bazqi yiskend xsoxnd suma xsapmde.

Pyad

Ket atsnd sum

Sovqan yiskend xsoxnd sum

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

133

cil

b

qi

yiskend xsoxnd sum

Dosas 10: Hac kamam “Dokter Gozar” ci h r n in

i is

c n b b o q n is

qn besi is n in b rqn

Dosas 11: Doktar Gozar harkuc atsa er n s

in i

ersasagueshn nababmde.

134

deb eri is

c si il beqnsi si il

ochnde. c

r xs p si in