Ancient West & East (Ancient West & East, 2) 9004128395, 9789004128392

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ANCIENT WEST & EAST VOLUME 1, NO. 2

Academic Periodical

ANCIENT WEST & EAST Monograph Supplement: COLLOQ,UIA PONTICA EDITOR-IN-CHIEF

GOCHA R. TSETSKHLADZE (UK) EDITORS

R. ALSTON (UK)

O.

A.

AVRAM (Romania/France) - SIRJOHN BOARDMAl'l (UK)

J.

BOUZEK (Czech Rep.) A. QILINGIROGLU (Turkey) - B. D' AGOSTINO (Italy) - F. DE ANGELIS (Canada) - A. DOMINGUEZ (Spain) O. DOONAN (USA) - M. FISCHER (Israel) - J . HARGRAVE (UK) HIND (UK) M. KAZANSKI (France) - A. PODOSSINOV (Russia) D. RIDGWAY (UK) N. THEODOSSIEV (Bulgaria) G. R. TSETSKHLADZE (UK) BOPEARACHCHI (France) -

J.

ADVISORY BOARD

P Alexandrescu (Romania) - S. Atasoy (Turkey) - L. Ballesteros Pastor (Spain) A.D.H. Bivar (UK) - S. Burstein (CSA) J. Carter (USA) - B. Cunliffe (UK) J. de Boer (The Nethnlands) - P Dupont (France) A. Fol (Bulgaria) J. Fossey (Canada) I. Gagoshidze (Georgia) E. Haerinck (Belgium) - V Karageorghis (Cyprus) ;vI. Kerschner (Austria/Germany) A. Kuhrt (UK) - I. Malkin (Israel) - F Millar (CK) J.-P Morel (France) - R. Olmos (Spain) ... A. Rathje (Denmark) - A. Sagona (Australia) A. Snodgrass (VK) S. Solovyov (Russia) - D. Stronach (USA) M.A. Tiverios (Greece) lVI. Vassileva (Bulgaria) A. vVasowicz (Poland) All correspondence should be addressed to:

Aquisitions Editor/Classical Studies Brill Academic Publishers Plantijnstraat 2 Po. Box 9000 2300 PA Leiden The Netherlands Fax: +31 (0)715317532 E-11ail: [email protected] or Gocha R. Tsetskhladze Department of Classics Royal Holloway and Bedford New College University of London Egham, Surrey TW20 OEX, UK Fax: +44 (0)1784 439855 E-Mail: [email protected]. uk

ANCIENT WEST & EAST

VOLUME 1, NO.2

BRILL LEIDEN . BOSTON 2002

This book is printed on acid-free paper.

ISSN 1570-1921 ISBN 90 04 12839 5

© Copyright 2002 ~y Koninklijke Brill.NT;' Leiden, The Netherlands All rights reserved. No part qf this publication mqy be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in a'!)' form or ~ any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission ftom the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted ~ Brill provided that the appropriate.fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910 Danvers, J\,fA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change. PRINTED IN THE NETHERLANDS

CONTENTS Articles S. Donmez, The 2nd Millennium BC Settlements in Samsun and Amasya Provinces, Central Black Sea Region, Turkey.................................................................... H. Pamir and S. Nishiyama, The Orontes Delta Survey: Archaeological Investigation of Ancient Trade Stations/Settlements .............................................................. J. Boardman, AI Mina: The Study of a Site ........................ J. Davis-Kimball, Statuses of Eastern Early Iron Age Nomads .................................................................................. M. Treister, Jewellery and Related Finds from a Rich 1st Century AD Sarmatian Burial from the Crimea M. Kazanski, Les antiquites germaniques de l'epoque romaine tardive en Crimee dans la region de la Mer d'Azov .......................................................................... Notes J.G. de Boer, A Bronze Age 'Metal-Road' to Eastern Thrace? .................................................................................. I. Demetradze, The Bronze Finger-Rings from Atskuri (Georgia) ................. .... .................. .... ........... ...... ....... ...... ....... Book Reviews West and East: A Review Article (2) (G.R. Tsetskhladze) New Publications on the Archaeology and Ancient History of the Cimmerian Bosporus (S.L. Solovyov) ...................... P.M. Barford, The Early Slavs (P. Dolukhanov) ...................... P. Bienkowski and A. Millard, British Museum Dictionary if the Ancient Near East (C. Burney) .......................................... E. Bispham and C. Smith (eds.), Religion in Archaic and Republican Rome and Italy (E. Fantham) ................................ J. Boardman, Cyprus between East and West (V.A. Tatton-Brown) ............................................................ R. Brock and S. Hodkinson (eds.), Alternatives to Athens (R. Osborne) ..........................................................................

243

294 315 332 357

393

443 455

461 468 472 474 477 479 481

VI

CONTENTS

M. Brunet (ed.), Territoires des cites grecques (A Moreno) B. Cohen (ed.), Not the Classical Ideal (J. Boardman) ............ A Fantalkin, Mezad Hashavyahu (J. Boardman) .................... G.A Fedorov-Davydov, TIe Silk Road and the Cities qf the Golden Horde (J. Hargrave) .................................................. O. Lordkipanidze, Phasis (J. Hind) ........................................ 1. Malkin (ed.), Ancient Perceptions qf Greek Ethniciry (A.M. Snodgrass) .................................................................. AA Maslennikov, Oz apxazoz EAA1Jves (lTD BapelO EV~£lVO Ilavro (S.L. Solovyov) .......................................................... 1. Morris, Archaeology as Cultural History (J. Boardman) .......... A Ramage and P. Craddock, King Croesus' Gold (M. Treister) .......................................................................... W. Scheidel and S. von Reden (eds.), TIe Ancient Economy (R. Osborne) .......................................................................... H. Thrane, Excavations at Tepe Guran in Luristan (B. Overlaet) ..........................................................................

484 487 489 490 491 496 498 499 501 504 506

New Publications G.R. Tsetskhladze

511

Books Received ..............................................................................

5 17

In the Next Issue ..........................................................................

521

THE 2ND MILLENNIUM BC SETTLEMENTS IN SAMSUN AND AMASYA PROVINCES, CENTRAL BLACK SEA REGION, TURKEY* ~EVKET DONMEZ

ABSTRACT

This article is a study of the 2nd millennium Be settlements that have been surveyed during 1997, 1998 and 1999 within the Samsun and Amasya provinces.

The Central Black Sea Region has been divided by geographers into two, the Coastal (Canik Mountains zone) and Inland zones, because of the physical and climatic differences. 1 The Samsun and Amasya provinces, which cover almost half the region, display these differences, and their cultural development reflects them.

The History

if Research

The sondage-type excavation, carried out at Qamurlu Tepe (Qiri§li Tepesi) in the Kavak District of Samsun Province by A. Biolotti in 1883,2 was the first archaeological excavation in the Central Black Sea Region. The earliest important archaeological activity in the region was that at Akalan, a Late Iron Age fortress-type settlement, directed by T. Macridy on behalf of the Ottoman Imperial Museum in 1906. 3 At the start of research into sites of the 2nd millennium BC in the Central Black Sea Region, we can see that excavation was intensified in the Coastal Zone: the investigations carried out at Dundartepe, Tekkekoy and Kavak-Kaledorugu (see map) by a team consisting of K. Kokten, N. Ozgii~ and T. Ozgii~ in 1940

* This work was supported by the Research Fund of the Istanbul University. Project No. T-369/l90397. The article is based on my doctoral thesis entitled Ike Cultural Development if Central Blaqk Sea Region Bifore the Early Bronze Age II (In the Light if the Pottery and Small Finds if Ikiztepe). I Atalay and Mortan 1997, 74~77. ~ Bailey 1975, 79. :1 Macridy 1907, 167~75.

244

$EVKET DONMEZ

ikiztcpe

Black Sea

.10 • 11

•

Map: The 2nd millennium settlements I. 2. 3. 4.

5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. II.

12.

AJa~am.Sivri

In

Tepc

AJa~am·Gok~ebogaz

Tepe

T epe Tepe Bafra.Tedigtin Tcpe Bafra· ElmaClk T epe 19 MaYls·Yigitler T epesi 19 MaYls·Kirmencik·Tepecik Kavak.Aytepe H avza·Tepecik Havza· T a*karacaoren Tcpe Vez irkoprli·Oymaaga~ HoyUk (HoyUk Tepc) Bafra·~irlck

Ba fra.Kel (e) be~

the Samsun a nd Amasya Provinces 13. 14. 15. 16.

17 . 18. 19. 20.

21 . 22. 23. 24.

Merzifon·Onhoroz T epe M erzifon·Samadolu HoyUgU Merzifon·Altclk HoyUk Merzifon.Alacaptnar T epe (Hayrettin I) M erzifon· Delicik Tepe (H ayrettin II) Suluova·KUmbet T epe (AJevi Tepe) Suluova·Dereagrl T epesi Suluova· Yogu rt~u baba Tepesi Amasya·Dogantepe Amasya·Oluz HoyUk Ta§ova.Kalc·HlzaronU Tepe GoynUcek·Gecliksaray H oyUgU

SETTLEMENTS IN SAMSUN AND A:\1ASYA PROVINCES

245

and 1941." Among these settlements, especially the Middle Bronze Age, which is strongly represented, has been identified as the Hittite period at Diindartepe (Third-Ill-Diindartepe Culture), by the investigator. 5 As a result of the excavations realised in Tekkekby in parallel with the Diindartepe studies, the top cultural level has again been identified as Hittite, as it was in the Third (III) Level-Hittite period at Diindartepe. 1j A Middle Bronze Age level regarded as Hittite period has been spotted as well at Kavak-Kaledorugu, excavated in the context of the same project as Diindartepe and Tekkekby, also contemporary with these aforementioned two regions. 7 At the beginning of the field study in the Inland Zone of the Central Black Sea Region, there was the Zile-Ma§at Hbyiik (see map) excavation/1 mounted only once, under the directorship of E. Akurgal. The investigations, which resumed in Ma§at Hbyiik in 1973 9 under the directorship of T. Ozgii