Ancient West & East (3) 9004139753, 9789004139756

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ANCIENT WEST & EAST VOLUME 3, NO. 2

Academic Periodical

ANCIENT WEST & EAST Monograph Supplement: COLLOQUIA PONTICA editor-in-chief

GOCHA R. TSETSKHLADZE (AUSTRALIA) editors

A. Avram (Romania/France) – Sir John Boardman (UK) O. Bopearachchi (France) – J. Bouzek (Czech Rep.) – A. ÇilingiroÅlu (Turkey) – B. d’Agostino (Italy) – F. De Angelis (Canada) – A. Domínguez (Spain) – O. Doonan (USA) – M. Fischer (Israel) – J.Hargrave (UK) J. Hind (UK) – M. Kazanski (France) – A.Podossinov (Russia) D. Ridgway (UK) – N. Theodossiev (Bulgaria) – A.Wilson (UK) advisory board P. Alexandrescu (Romania) – S. Atasoy (Turkey) – L. Ballesteros Pastor (Spain) A.D.H. Bivar (UK) – S. Burstein (USA) – J. Carter (USA) – B. Cunliffe (UK) J. de Boer (The Netherlands) – P. Dupont (France) – A. Fol (Bulgaria) – J. Fossey (Canada) I. Gagoshidze (Georgia) – E. Haerinck (Belgium) – V. Karageorghis (Cyprus) M. Kerschner (Austria/Germany) – A. Kuhrt (UK) – I. Malkin (Israel) – F. Millar (UK) J.-P. Morel (France) – R. Olmos (Spain) – A. Rathje (Denmark) – A. Sagona (Australia) A. Snodgrass (UK) – S. Solovyov (Russia) – D. Stronach (USA) – M.A. Tiverios (Greece) M. Vassileva (Bulgaria) – A. Wasowicz (Poland) All correspondence should be addressed to: Aquisitions Editor/Classical Studies Brill Academic Publishers Plantijnstraat 2 P.O. Box 9000 2300 PA Leiden The Netherlands Fax: +31 (0)71 5317532 E-Mail: [email protected] or Gocha R. Tsetskhladze Centre for Classics and Archaeology The University of Melbourne Victoria 3010 Australia Tel: +61 3 83445565 Fax: +61 3 83444161 E-Mail: [email protected]

ANCIENT WEST & EAST VOLUME 3, NO. 2

BRILL LEIDEN • BOSTON 2004

This book is printed on acid-free paper.

ISSN 1570–1921 ISBN 90 04 13975 3 © Copyright 2004 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill Academic Publishers, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers and VSP. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Brill provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910 Danvers, MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change. printed in the netherlands

CONTENTS Articles C. Tuplin, Medes in Media, Mesopotamia, and Anatolia: Empire, Hegemony, Domination or Illusion? .................................................... G.-J. Burgers, Western Greeks in their Regional Setting: Rethinking Early Greek-Indigenous Encounters in Southern Italy ...................... M.M. Jackson, Jewellery Evidence and the Lowering of South Italian Ceramic Chronology ............................................................................ S.A. Kovalenko, The Organisation of the Mint in Chersonesus Taurica in the First Half of the 4th Century BC ............................ A.V. Podossinov, Das Schwarze Meer in der geokartographischen Tradition der Antike und des frühen Mittelalters. II. Die Halbinsel Krim, das Asowsche Meer und die Straße von Kertsch .................. A. Avram, M. Bârbulescu and M. Ionescu, À propos des pontarques du Pont Gauche ....................................................................................

223 252 283 314

338 354

Notes S.L. Solovyov and M.Y. Treister, Bronze Punches from Berezan ...... 365 F. Marco Simón, De Gallia in Hispaniam: Notes on a Brooch with the Heads of a Lion, a Bull and a Human Found in Celtiberia ................................................................................................ 376 Book Reviews The Mediterranean: A Corrupting Sea? A Review-Essay on Ecology and History, Anthropology and Synthesis (P. Horden and N. Purcell, The Corrupting Sea. A Study of Mediterranean History) (P.F. Bang) .......... New Books on Ancient Anatolia and Assyria (C. Glatz and R. Matthews) ................................................................ New Publications on the Black Sea Region (G.R. Tsetskhladze) .................... Two Books on Mediterranean Urbanisation (T. Fischer-Hansen [ed.], Ancient Sicily; H.D. Anderson, H.W. Horsnaes, S. Houby-Nielsen and A. Rathje [eds.], Urbanization in the Mediterranean in the 9th to 6th Centuries BC ) (A. Domínguez) .......... New Publications on Maritime Archaeology (M. Juri“iÆ, Ancient Shipwrecks of the Adriatic; E. Grossmann with contributors, Maritime Tel Michal and Apollonia) (A.J. Parker) .................................................. C. Dougherty, The Raft of Odysseus (A. Snodgrass) .................................. D. Dueck, Strabo of Amasia ( J. Vela Tejada) .......................................... B. Fischer, H. Genz, É. Jean and K. Köro[lu (eds.), Identifying Changes (C. Burney) ................................................................................ R.L. Fowler (ed.), Early Greek Mythography Vol. 1 ( J. Boardman) ..........

385 399 405

410

413 415 417 419 421

vi

CONTENTS

N.A. Gavrilyuk, Istorya ekonomiki Stepnoi Skifii, VI–III vv. do n.e. ( J.G.F. Hind) .......................................................................................... V.I. Gulyaev and V.S. Olkhovskii (eds.), Skify i Sarmaty v VII–III vv. do n.e. ( J.G.F. Hind) ........................................................................ E. Haerinck and B. Overlaet, Chamahzi Mumah. An Iron Age III Graveyard (A. Sagona) ............................................................................ A. Invernizzi, Sculture di Metallo da Nisa ( J. Boardman) ........................ K. Jordanov, K. Porozhanov and V. Fol (eds.), Thracia 15. In Honour of Alexander Fol’s 70th Anniversary ( J. Boardman) ................ A. Kuhrt, ‘Greeks’ and ‘Greece’ in Mesopotamian and Persian Perspectives (S. Dalley) .............................................................................................. A.-A. Maravelia (ed.), Ancient Egypt and Antique Europe ( J. Bouzek) ........ G. Muskett, A. Koltsida and M. Georgiadis (eds.), SOMA 2001—Symposium on Mediterranean Archaeology ( J. Bouzek) .................... B.S. Ottaway and E.C. Wager (eds.), Metals and Society (P. Dolukhanov) .................................................................................... A. Rathje, M. Nielsen and B.B. Rasmussen (eds.), Pots for the Living, Pots for the Dead ( J. Boardman) ................................................ C. Scheffer (ed.), Ceramics in Context ( J. Boardman) ................................ G.R. Tsetskhladze and A.M. Snodgrass (eds.), Greek Settlements in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Black Sea ( J. Bouzek) ...................... I.V. Tunkina, Russkaya nauka o klassicheskikh drevnostyakh yuga Rossii (XVIII–seredina XIX v.) (H.-C. Meyer) .................................................. B. Werbart (ed.), Cultural Interactions in Europe and the Eastern Mediterranean ( J. Bouzek) ........................................................................ D. Whitehouse, The Glass Vessels (V.A. Tatton-Brown) .......................... D. Zhuravlev (ed.), Fire, Light and Light Equipment in the Graeco-Roman World ( J. Bouzek) ............................................................

421 423 428 429 430 430 432 432 434 436 437 437 439 440 441 442

New Publications Russia (G.R. Tsetskhladze) ........................................................................

445

Books Received ..............................................................................................

452

In the Next Issue ..........................................................................................

455

MEDES IN MEDIA, MESOPOTAMIA, AND ANATOLIA: EMPIRE, HEGEMONY, DOMINATION OR ILLUSION? CHRISTOPHER TUPLIN Abstract The nature and even the existence of the Median empire has been the subject of controversy for a number of years. The present article revisits (I) Herodotus’ account, (II) certain items of indirect evidence, and (III) the non-Greek pre-Achaemenid material provided by texts (neo-Assyrian, neo-Babylonian and Hebrew) and archaeology (especially Anatolian) and argues the legitimacy of belief in Median domination in regions outside lowland Mesopotamia.

Convention postulates a 6th-century Median empire stretching through Anatolia to the River Halys. To validate this postulate we must validate belief in (a) the Median empire, (b) its westward extension, and (c) the role of the Halys as a frontier (Fig. 1). That this needs validating reflects Sancisi-Weerdenburg’s probing questions about the Median empire.1 She argued that there is no substantive direct or indirect non-Herodotean evidence for a Median Empire, and that Herodotus’ account (1. 95–130) is not only unhistoric but also too dull, ideologically barren and disinclined to treat Cyaxares as a national hero to be genuine (oral) Median mythistory or presumptive evidence for a Median state of which it can be the Charter Myth. Rather, it is a Greek construction out of a few data available via Babylon. One must stress that Sancisi-Weerdenburg was controverting the idea that the Median empire was like the Achaemenid: she credited a war with Lydia and adduced Herodotus 1. 134 (on Median ‘imperial’ rule) as relevant to the situation in which a Lydian war could be waged, but rejected a Median state or bureaucratic imperial structure; and because she was primarily engaged in heuristic hypothesis-making,2 she was more specific about what Medes did not have than about what they did. One immediately observes that, since she saw the developed Persian empire (what Medes did not have) as an artefact of Darius3 and since Cyrus had an empire, perhaps the Medes did too. But to go any further we need to examine Herodotus’

1 Sancisi-Weerdenburg 1988; 1994. Kienast 1999 (which I only saw after my own paper was complete) presents a sceptical treatment based on unpublished seminar and lecture material from the early 1970s (cf. 66, n. 1). Despite some bibliographical updating, there is no reference to Sancisi-Weerdenburg. 2 Sancisi-Weerdenburg 1994, 40. 3 Sancisi-Weerdenburg 1988, 197.

Map of the ancient Near East. 1. Sinope; 2. Gersh; 3. Bo