A Thesaurus of Old English in Two Volumes Vol. 1 Introduction and Thesaurus [1] 0952211920, 9780952211921

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A 'fHESAURUS OF OLD ENGLISH In two voln••JeS Volume I: Introduction and Thesaurus

Volume D: Index

JANE ROBERTS and CHRISTIAN KAY

?"

with

LYNNE GRUNDY

Volume I: Introduction and Thesaurus

Klaa's CoUeae London

Centre for Late Antique and Medieval Studies

1995

KING'S COLLEGE LONDON MEDIEVAL STUDIES

XI

King's College London Centre for Late Antique and Medieval Studies Dinctor: Janet L. Nelson

KING'S COLLEGE LONDON MEDIEVAL STUDIES

GENERAL EDITOR:

Janet Bately

EXECUTIVE EDITOR: David Hook

EDITORIAL BOARD: Roderick Beaton, Janet Cowen, Albini• de la Mare, Carlotta Dionlsotd, Claire lsoz, Manin Jones, S1qan Kruse, Karen Pratt, Jane Roberts, David Yeandle

© Jane Roberts. Christian Kay, and Lynne Grandy 1995

ISSN 0953-217X ISBN: complete work 0 9522119 0 4 ISBN:-.olumel 0952211920 ISBN:-.olumeD 0952211939

'JYpeset by Harold Shon 11 King's Collcse London with the l4l6X Documentation System. l4l6X was developed by Lealie Lamport, and is based on the 1};1C formatting program of Donald E. Knuth. Many of the designations used by manuflctwers and sellen of computer hardware and software to distinguish their products are claimed as lndemub. Pollowin& is a list of trademartc desigulions and their owners relevant to this publication. TrlMkmark DOtlce lBXTM is a trademartc of the American Matbemadcal Society. INGRES™ is a trademut of Ingres Corporalion. UND(fM is a lnldemartc of AT&T BeU Laboratories. VAX™ is a lnldemartc of Digital Equipment Corponllion. dBaseTM is a lnldenwt of Borland lnternltional Inc. ApricotTM is a trademut of Apricot Computers Ltd.

Printed in Enptnd on 80pm add-free recycled paper

by Short Ran Press Ltd, Exeter

1995

Gl 1sy Gt/1b ENGL

9· :15-9r.,,

CONTENTS Page

.

Acknowledgements Abbreviations Introduction

JU

JUU

xv

1

A TbesaDnUI of Old Enafkb

I. The Physical World 01 Earth, world OJ .OJ Surface of the earth OJ .02 Fmnament OJ .03 Air surrounding earth, abnospbere 2. Life and Death 02Creation 02.0 I Existence, life 02.02 Death 02.03 Humankind 02.04 Body 02.05 Sensation, perception, feeling 02.06 Animal 02.07 A plant 02.08 MentaUspiritual health 3. Maner and Measurement 03 Material, matter, substance 03.01 Propeaties of matter 03.02 Bad condition of matter 03.03 Measumnent, determination of amount 03.04 Fonn, kind, nature, character 03.05 Order, arrangement, disposition 03.06 Comparison 4. Material Needs 04 Consumption of food/drink 04.01 Digestion 04.02 Farm 04.03 Hunting, the chase 04.04 Weaving 04.05 Building, constnJction 04.06 Salubrity v

1 1

16

18

23 23 29 37

so

64 79

96 114

134 134 152 153 175 177 179

185 185 205 220

222 231 243

Contents

5. Existence 05 Aught. anything, something 05.01 Growth, increase, what springs up 05.02 State, condition 05.03 Source, origin 05.04 Fa1e, lot. fortune, destiny 05.05 Constitution, founding (e.g. of world) 05.06 Destruction, dissolution, loss, breaking 05.07 Ending of existence, end of world 05.08 S~ngth 05.09 Weakness 05.10 Space, extent 05.11 A time, period of time 05.12 To move, be in motion 05.13 Changeableness, change 6. Mental Faculties 06 Spirit. soul, heart 06.01 The head (as seat of thought) 06.02 Will, the faculty of willing 7. Opinion 07 Judgement, forming of opinion 07.01 Appraisal, appraising 07.02 Goodness 07.03 Evil 07.04 Consideration, esteem 07.05 Disrespect, irreverence 07.06 Pride 07.07 Humility 07.08 Reputation, fame 07.09 Shame, disgrace 07.10 Beauty, fairness 8. Emotion 08 Feelings 08.01 Heart, spirit. mood, disposition 9. Language and Communication 09 Speech, vocal utterance 09.01 To speak, exercise faculty of speech 09.02 Silence, refraining from speech 09.03 A language

.

VI

248 248 248 250 254

255 257 266

267 269 272 298 318 352 356 356 387 403

403 404 407

410 412 416 418 420 423 424 427 427 458 458 460

461

Co111enu

09.04 Sense, purport, meaning 09.05 Curiosity 09.06 To take matter for discourse 09.07 Dispute, debate I 0. Possession 10 Having, owning, possession I 0.0 I Fact of belonging, possession by I0.02 Want, l1e:k 10.03 Giving 10.04 To take 11. Action and Utility 11 Action, operation 11.01 Action, doing, perfonnance 11 .02 Occupation, activity, business 11.03 Endeavour 11.04 Ability, capacity, power 11.05 Natural/proper way/manner/mode of action 11.06 Disinclination to act, listlessness 11.07 Use (mtde of things), service 11.08 Uselessness I I .09 Peril, danger 11.10 Safety, safeness 11. l l Difficulty 11.12 Easiness 12. Social interaction 12 Power, might 12.01 Power, control, sway 12.02 A public office 12.03 Direction, guidance 12.04 Fellowship, union, association 12.05 Contradiction, opposition 12.06 A province, country, territory 12.07 An obligation, bounden duty 12.08 Principle, character 12.09 Marriage, state of marriage 13. Peace and War 13 Pm, tranquillity 13.01 Peace, state of law and order 13.02 w.. ••

VII

473

415 479 483 487 487 490

491 496 499 499 502

505 S09

512 516 521 524 526 527 533

535 538 538

5SO 553 551 S61 568 573

511 591

595 595 596

14. Law and Order 14 Law, custom, covenant 14.01 Law, body of rules 14.02 Lawlessness 14.03 Right of holding court, jurisdiction 14.04 Making of terms, agreement, convention 14.0S Punishment IS. Propmy IS Propea ty, possessions, weallh IS.01 Propeaty lS.02 Worth, value lS.03 Exaction of tax/lribute IS.04 A debt, due IS.OS Trade, traffic, commerce 16. Religion 16 The extra.sensorial world 16.01 A divine being 16.02 Religion 17. Work 17 Work, doings, actions, labour 17.0 I Strenuous effort, twd work 17.02 Work. occupation, employment 17.03 Implements, tools, etc. 17.04 Materials 17.OS Fuel, fire, lighting 18. Leisure 18 Quiet, leisure, rest 18.01 Rest, quiet, freedom from toil 18.02 Amusement, revelry, festivity

613 613 617 620 629 630 636 636 642 64S 646 646

648 648 660 696 696 696

702 706 709

711 711 711

717

Inda

VIII

ForltfichaelSatnue&

•

IX

1

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We should like above all to thank Michael Samuels, who had the imagination and courage to establish procedures for an historical analysis of the meanings of words. The materials of this thesaurus originated as a research tool for the Historical TM.saunu of English, which he founded at Glasgow University. During the years in which these materials were compiled Jane Roberts was grateful for the support first of Glasgow University, then of University College Dublin and, from 1969, of King's College London. The King' s College Computing Centre has been closely involved in the computer-related aspects of the TM.saunu of Old English, in particular members of its Humanities Division, and more recently of the Research Unit in Humanities Computing. From them we have received unstinting help and advice. Christine Brown designed the program for the microfiche checklist of the Skeleton Old English 'I'Msaurus, of great importance in the early stages of our work. Much of the technical database work, together with the creation of the processes required to go from database to camera-ready copy, was carried out by Harold Short. There was also assistance with the database work from Gordon Gallacher, and with preparations for printing from Anna Morawska. Similarly, we must thank Ken Browning of Glasgow University Computer Publishing Unit for initial help. Our debt to the staff of the Historical 'I'Msaunu in Glasgow is enormous. We are grateful too for the funding received from the Leverhulme Foundation, the British Academy and the Research Strategy Fund of King's College London. The resources of the standard dictionaries of Old English have been plundered for the basic materials of this thesaurus, and we have looked to countless editions and word studies for a better understanding of a few of the problems presented by these materials' without any acknowledgement other than that made here. We are especially grateful for the generosity of Ashley Crandell Amos and Toni Healey of the Dictionary of Old English in making available to us updated versions of their working files, which were invaluable in proofreading the thesaurus materials. We should like particularly to thank Janet Bately, George Kane, Angus Mcintosh and F.ric Stanley for their unfailing encouragement and support. We have benefited from the help of many colleagues and students: Carole Biggam, Tom Chase, Julie Coleman, Susan Cooper. Andreas Fischer, Reinhard Gleissner, Bill Griffiths, Astrid Holtman, Andrew Horton, Gunter Kotzor, F.rik Kooper, Carole Maddern, Anne Miller, Hiizu Moriyami, Mary Palmer, Hans Peters, Liz Reay, Angus Somerville, Sue Stephens, Hannah Stone, Louise Sylvester, Noriko Tachi, Freda Thornton. Their work, in theses, projects and articles, has contributed to the structure of the classification for the Historical

.

Xl

Thestmrus, adapted by Christian Kay for the Tlrumlrus of Old English. Our debt to Iren6 Wotherspoon is especially large here. Finally, we wish to thank all those who, at various stages of the Tlrumlrus of Old English, did the toilsome work of data entry, most of all flora F.dmonds and Ian Hamilton.

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XII

ABBREVIATIONS

aj

adjective

av

adverb

cj

conjunction

n

noun

pl

plural

prep

preposition

v

verb

x

a certain number

•

xiii

INTRODUCTION This presentation of Old English vocabulary is conceptually arranged, and is thereforeentitledA Thuaurwo/Old&glish [TOE]. The vocabulary of AngloSaxon England is presented in two ways. First, the word-senses arc presented within ordered categories: this arrangement is summariud within the Table of Contents. Secondly, an alphabetic index allows the user to identify the category or categories in which word-senses arc to be found; i.e., it serves instead of cross-references for individual words. The index includes every instance of all meanings classified in the TOE; and beside each entry is a code identifying its location. Ideally, the ttader should approach the materials of the TOE by subject rather than through the alphabetic index. Roget-owners have long been accustomed to begin with a word and, by trying a few locations listed in the index, find the vocabulary group wanted. 1 Moreover, for inclusiveness they trade detailed information. Should a word's precise meaning be wanted, a dictionary is needed. 2 Most conceptually-organiud thesauri tend therefore to be used by native speakers of a language, who know the meanings of the words scanned. Less assured speakers may turn to those alpbabetically-organiud thesauri where they will find more help with meaning but far fewer words. In the TOE any small group of items listed together as sharing a component of mning resembles the strings of words that make up the entries of an alpbabetically-organiud thesaurus, but they arc embedded within an inclusive conceptual scheme. The provision of brief indications of meaning at all levels of this scheme looks back behind Roget, to the way in which Wilkins supplies notions and words, where word-senses follow on from ideas explained.3 Thus, this thesaurus incorporates infonnation ~ut word meaning and could be described as an inside-out dictionary, with meanings first and then words. For the contents of the TOE dictionaries have indeed been turned inside out, a task initially undertaken to supply the editors of the Historical Thesaurus of &glish· [HT] both with some idea of the range of Old English vocabulary not 1

Peter Martt Roget, 11sesawwof E:nglish Word.rand Phrases, London, 1853.

2

Two useful inttoductions 10 die history of English dictionaries arc: Tom McArthur, Worlds of Reference, Cambridge 1986; and Sidney I. Landau, Dictionaries: 11se Art and Craft of Lexicography, New York, 1984.

3

John Wilkins, An Essay towarrh a Real Character and a Philosophical Language.

London, 1668.

xv

Introduction to be found in the Oxford English Dictionary [OEDJ4 and with a body of materials from which a pilot thesaurus could be made. 5 The standard Old English dictionaries contain vocabulary for over five hundred years of the history of the language: little probably from the eighth century, much more from the ninth century, more again from the tum of the tenth century, and most from the eleventh and twelfth centuries. Because the OED generally omits those words that had dropped out of use by 1150, the TOE provides a complementary overview of the earliest vocabulary of English. The vocabulary is drawn essentially from pre-Norman England, the slips used in its compilation representing the work of generations of Anglo-Saxon scholarship. Within the wider context of the I{[, it is useful that the TOEs contents trickle over into the twelfth century and sometimes beyond. Once the I{[ is complete, all correspondences between the OED-derived word senses and the independently excerpted Old English ones should be clear. It will be possible then both to accept all Old English slips matched up with OED-derived slips as validated and for the first time to assess the range of early English vocabulary altogether omitted from the OED. At that point, it should be possible to undertake full checking of any non-validated word senses more easily than at present. The source dictionaries Whereas the I{[ uses as its main source material the word senses compiled by the editors of the OED, the complementary Old English slips were made from standard Anglo-Saxon dictionaries. 6 This procedure ensured that the separate Old English slips would not be made so as to match up with the decisions of the OED editors. The more fully edited materials of the OED have greater

authority than the Bosworth-Toller listings, and the temptation to accept OED decisions might easily have gone against straightforward recording of the often uncertain evidence for Anglo-Saxon usage. The TOE is therefore largely dependent upon the definitions to be found in the Bosworth-Toller and Clark Hall dictionaries. These definitions are as far as possible accepted, a principle shared with the I{[, which reflects OED definitions. 4

5

The Oxford English Dictionary, ed. J. A. H. Murray and William Craigie, Oxford,

1933. Jane Roberts, 'Towards an Old English Thesaurus', Poetica, 9 (1978), 56-72.

e J. Bosworth and T. N. Toller, ed., An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary, London 1898; T. N. Toller, ed., An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary: Supplement, London, 1921; A. Campbell, ed., An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary: F.nlargedAddendD and CorrigendD, Oxford, 1972; J. R. Clark Hall and H. D. Meritt, A Concise Anglo-Saxon Dictionary, 4dl ed.. Cambridge, 1960.

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XVI

lntrodMction Given that so many Old English words lack the twenty to forty citations that a lcxicograpba might ideally hope for before arriving at a meaning, it would have been ill-advised to neglect the inherited wisdom of Anglo-Saxon scholarship. During compilation of the slips, it was usually necessary to check on word use in at least six places in the Bosworth-Toller dictionaries: headwords in both volumes, headwords prefixed by ge- in both volumes and again in the Campbell Addenda. For not a few forms, as many as ten or twelve places was more like the norm, because of the unsettled nature both of Anglo-Saxon spelling and of editorial choice in headwords. In our turn, we have not attempted to be wholly consistent in the use of headwords chosen. Although we have for the most part adopted the forms to be found in Clark Hall, in all fairness it must be noted that the C1ark Hall spellings arc not always followed. Sometimes it seemed inappropriate to normalize a nonceword. Often the usual variations (for example, i, ie and y or tz and ea) were so much part and parcel of the Bosworth-Toller entries that it seemed best to aim at fullness of cover and to excerpt meanings for forms that might very well be spelling variants one of another. Spelling doublets, it was felt, could be discarded later, and inconsistency was to be preferred to loss of evidence for word meaning.7 The Meritt supplement to Clark Hall's Dictionary was invaluable in giving access to more recent work, especially on glossaries. Herc the Campbell Addenda provided a useful second witness to newer infonnation, particularly to place-name clements. The attempt was made to list all senses recorded in these base dictionaries, and to indicate informally if the word forms tbcmsclves appeared to be restricted in distribution. The TOE is not, it must be cmpbasiud, a new listing of Anglo-Saxon words, but it depends upon the information to be found in the major completed Old English dictionaries. Scrutiny of its contents in the light of the Toronto Dictionary of Old Engluh [DOE] is obviously very necessary.8 Until that is possible, a working thesaurus compiled from available dictionaries must be viewed as the research tool it is. Fuller information, for example on the infrequent or restricted distribution of individual word senses or, in particular, on the use of names for people and places, must wait for the completion of the DOE. 7

It must be noted that many of the incoosiltent spellings of the soun:e dictionaries remain in this research tool. For 6/p we have adopted p throughout

1

Por the early history of this project see A Plan for the Dictionary ofOld English, ed. Robata Frank and Angus Cameron, Toronto, 1983. Publication of edited dictionary entries began with the 1eaer D in 1986.

..

XVII

Introduction Five letters have now been edited by the DOE team: A, .tE, B, C and D.9 In the final stages of preparation of the TOE, spot checks have been made on some words beginning with these letters, but it bas not been possible to give such careful attention to the bulk of the word senses contained in our classification. Use of the invaluable research tools so generously made available by the DOE team bas allowed us to check eyecatching forms, at the same time making us only too aware of the thorough checking still needed to underpin detailed lexical field studies for Old English.10 With this in mind, two parts of the TOE, 02.04 Body and 04.01 Eat, have been scrutiniud with particular care, in a project to establish working procedures for supplying further annotations to the TOE database held in the English Department in King's College London. We have sometimes gone back to texts themselves, but not as often as we could have wished. If it is borne in mind that a separate investigatory scrutiny of the files for 04.01 Eat took five weeks of full-time work for one person, the reasons why will be evident. Essentially therefore the TOE reflects the information to be found in the Bosworth-Toller and Clark Hall dictionaries. Fortunately, Waldorf's examination of the words noted as infrequent in Clark Hall is a useful tool to put alongside Bosworth-Toller, although it too needs to be checked in the light of the DOE research materials. 11 Even the two sets of fiches which together make up the Microfiche Concordance to Old English (MCOE) are not themselves exhaustive. The standard dictionaries occasionally yield evidence for fonns not included in the preliminary materials published by the Toronto team: alternative readings for words in, for example, the Dialogues, the Old English Bede, the Leechdoms, or the Parker Laws, which are to be found represented in the published fascicules of the DOE. 8

Pase. D, 1986; Pase. C, 1988; Pase. B. 1991; Pase. A!, 1992; Fase. Bean. 1992; Fase. A, 1994.

10

A Microfiche Concordance to Old English, ed. Antonette DiPaolo Healey and Richard L. Venezky, Toronto, 1980; A Microfiche Concordance to Old English: The High-Frequency Wonls, ed. Richard L. Venezky and Sharon Butler, Toronto, 198S. We arc particularly grateful IO Professor Healey and her colleagues for a CD version of their files (1988). Vic Strite, in Old English SemanJic-Field Studies, American University Studies, Series IV: English Language and Literature, 100, New York, 1989, provides a useful introduction to published and cwrent work in progress on Old English lexical fields; see alao C. P. Biggam's review of Strite in Anglia, 109 (1991), 116-9.

11

N. 0 . Waldorf, 'The hapa1C ~gomena in the Old English vocabulary: a study based upon the Bosworth-Toller dictionary'. Stanford University PhD dissertation, 19S3. XVUI

lntrotblction

Liltina tbe 11M•nh1p The first stage of the TOE was the creation of an archive of slips. 12 For each JDt.Aning found in the standard dictionaries a slip was made. Together with the making of slips for each word-sense, sorting numbers were chosen from the 1962 edition of Roget's The.saunu. 13 Each slip was given at least one number, often two, sometimes more, and cross reference slips were written for each number other than the first. All these slips were filed in the Glasgow archive, according to Roget numbers. For checking purposes the compiler (Jane Roberts) kept alphabetically arranged duplicates for each sense excapted. Given the caaegories of information available in current dictionaries, no attempt could be made to cover phrases, whecher verb phrases or idioms, other than baphal.81'dly. Consultation of the completed letters of the DOE~ veals a wealth of new collocational detail that must be taken into account in fuller lexical field studies. This thesaurus is, for the most pan. a presentation of concepts lexicalized in Old English as single items.14 Where obvious groups were clearly identifiable when the contents of the standard dictionaries were examined, these were excerpted and have been included, but all too little is known of multi word structures in Old English. Once compilation from the standard dictionaries was complete, microfiche checklists, both alphabetical and notional, were made from the duplicate slips retained by the compiler.15 This stage was completed in 1982. It must be emphasized therefore that the compilation of the Old English slips for the HT was mostly completed before the publication of the MCOE. In order to create the Skeleton Old English Thesaunu, information essential for checking purposes was entered on punched cards: Old English form; putative related OED forms; and Roget number(s) for each sense excerpted. Where this minimal information was insufficient for the differentiation of any two or more slips, the slips liable to confusion were given numbers. Thus, a record was made of the word senses excerpted from the Anglo-Saxon dictionaries, to 13

Jane Roberts, 'Some Problems of a Thesaurus Maker', Problems ofOld Engli.rlt Lu· icograplry, ed. Alfred Bammeabelger, Eiclt.rtdlter Beindg1, IS (Regensburg, 198S), 229-43.

13

Robert A. Dutch, ed., Roget's Tltnaunu of Engli.rlt Wordr and Pltrasu, London, 1962.

14

Not all words from the language's closed systems are included.

15

Ske/.eton Old English Thesaurus (1982). Research tool on 9 microficbes. Prepared by Jane Roberts wilb Ouistine Brown at the King's College London Computing Callzc.

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XlX

Introduction

allow checking at later stages in the compilation of the KI'. 1be completion of the microfiche checklists provided a clearer overview of the experimental Old English materials contributed to the Glasgow archive. Thus, from 1982 we had available for research use both an alphabetic index to the Old English supplementary materials and a skeleton thesaurus arranged according to Roget-derived classificatory numbers, and copies are in use in the English departments both in London and in Glasgow. (As well, a copy is used by the DOE tr.am in Toronto.) 1bey are of particular value in London, where most of the Old English side of the thesaurus is centred, giving access not only to both alphabetic and notional checklists but also to a complete notional listing for every Roget number used on each slip. This useful product of the machinegenerated listings has given us a summary not otherwise easily retrievable of all Old English slips assigned each particular Roget number. The first stage in generating a fully computer-based system for the thesaurus was to create a structure to hold the information from the slips in a database, using dBase ll software on Apricot microcomputers. In this phase floppy discs containing newly-converted materials and corrections were regularly exchanged between Glasgow and King's. In 1989 all the CUJTCnt dBase files were converted al King's - by a somewhat convoluted process made necessary by differences in storage formats - and loaded into a new system, using INGRES relational database software. Initially the database was on a personal computer, but by 1992 the volume of material in electronic form was such that it became desirable to allow simultaneous aa:ess by several people. As a result the database was transferred to a VAX mainframe computer. More recently, the database was moved to a UNIX machine set up as a 'database server', but still using INGRES software. Once the HT materials in Glasgow were themselves moved into INGRES format. there was the additional advantage that data files could be transferred electronically between King's College and Glasgow over 'JANET' (Joint Academic NETwork), the communications system which links all UK research and higher education institutions. Holding the information from the slips in electronic form made it possible for the classification(s) of a word or group of words to be modified readily and for listings of all the entries in a category or sub-category to be produced al will. 1be database software also allows different combinations of information to be produced in various sequences, for example by category, or by word. Hence both the Thesaurus and the Index were initially extracted from the database by report programs. In order to prepare these materials for publication, a further process was created to make them ready for input to l6IBX typesetting software. The l6IBX process produced the camera-ready copy sent to the publisher. xx

Introduction 111efoarftap Four symbols are used as annotations of the Old English entries in the TOE. These four ftags relate only to word forms, not to meanings. No phrase is flagged. The ftags point to aspects of word frequency that should always be held in mind, given that the extant corpus of Old English is small and probably skewed in its representation of Anglo-Saxon vocabulary. Many Old English words occur once only. Yet quite how to identify a word as truly a hapax kgomenon is problrmatic if its appearance in multiple manuscripts of some one work be held to constitute evidence of its greater currency.16 The flag o should be viewed as a warning that a particular word form is very infrequent Conversely, not all hapax kgomena may have been identified. Occasionally the reader may find the tag q attached to a word, to indicate that a form is highly dubious. Forms flagged q are of varied origins: they may reflect the inventiveness of generations of ingenious editors; or plausible forms have been abstracted from place-name evidence or from words first recorded in later English; and some are dictionary ghosts of long standing. Queried forms are avoided as far as possible. The flag p points to a form that seems to occur only in poetry. This flag assumes no value judgement but deals solely with distribution. Similarly, 1 points to word forms that appear generally in glossed texts or glossaries. It would have been both easier and safer not to supply these four distribution flags, but their presence should serve as a salutary reminder of the difficulties of interpretation presented by the small but diverse corpus of Anglo-Saxon words that haphazardly remain. The decision whether or not to ftag entries was long discussed. That we decided to ftag may be thought foolhardy but, because of the nature of a thesaurus, in which words and word-meanings do not. as in a dictionary, have one obvious preordained place, it seemed best to give some rudimentary indication of word distribution, if only as a constant reminder that many Old English words occur infrequently. In lexicographical work generally the incidence of hapax kgomena can be very high, if strict differentiation of forms is observed. For Old English the number is certainly high, even when criteria approaching those of Waldorf are observed. In the TOE the adjectival ending -lie and the adverbial -lrce are taken as supporting one another, and all adverbial forms that are inflected substantival forms are generally regarded as supported and hence not hapax legomena. Adjectival participial forms, whether used as adjectives or nouns, are not flagged if related to an attested verb form. Again, where adjectives are used as nouns, these are generally taken as mutually supportive. Conceptually the forms are similar, and it would therefore be misleading, and 11

See Waldorf (note 11 above) for discussion of Ibis problem. •

XXl

Introduction often impracticable, to label an occasional one--off substantival use of an adjective as a hapax legorMnon. Unfortunately, many of the word senses listed in Old English dictionaries have the support of a single context. and that too often in a glossed text. 1bese senses have been included, but where they occur for well-attested word fonns, they go unflagged. Tempting though it was to discard such items, we decided that they should remain in the TOE, which is, after all, a pilot thesaurus for the HT. To have left out the evidence from glossed texts and glossaries would have meant disregarding much valuable material for the history of English lexis. In any case, until the better sifting of evidence being provided by the DOE team is complete, there can be little secure infonnation about the frequency of the senses in which words are used. For now, therefore, we have contented ourselves with presenting a comprehensive listing of Old English word senses, and the four flags must be regarded as tentative, as minimal signposting of some of the most striking distributional features of the corpus. Inevitably there are grey areas in the application of the four flags. Some examples follow, collected together in illustration of particular difficulties thrown up by the four flags. 17 0

Forms that for one reason or anothel' seem familiar can prove surprisingly infrequent. Thus, because the seemingly unremarkable word hiJmllas (Rid 39 7) occurs once only in Old English it is flagged as found once only, in poetty: it comes as a surprise to find that the earliest OED example of 'homeless' is dated 1615. The solitary glossary instance of wlodung (AntGl 2 (Kindschi)) predates by some 300 years the next evidence for this word, also from a glossary. Within the whole recorded history of English these are not noncewords, although they occur once only in Old English. Attempts were made, during early checking of the categories 02.03 Mankind and 02.08 Health. to leave unflagged any forms found in later English, but it soon became apparent that the experiment was premature. To look beyond the Anglo-Saxon period, however loosely de-fined, to the whole later history of English would confec apparent currency on even more words than was already the case. Further, the omission of the o flag would conceal evidence that could be of use in the editing of the HT. Inconsistent word division within edited texts often makes it difficult to be sure that a word really does occur once only. Although consultation of standard dictionaries suggests op as an appropriate label for Mah/and (Exo 384), the clause Hl sene hf o/er Mah land (Deut 32 13) indicates otherwise. Two 17

Citations appear in the form recorded by the MCOE and are identified by MCOE short titles and references.

..

XXJI

Introduction elements occmring side by side are interpreted as compound by some editors, but not by others, as is evident from Mahhleo}Ju (Christ A,B,C 744) and hlah hlio-. Some singletons can acquire a spurious validity through accepted reconstIUction. The actual forms, which arc not found here because dictionary practice is on the whole followed, arc less convincing. ReconstIUcted Anglo-Saxon spellings give us cwabba instead of the qu- of its appearance in a charter copied in the fifteenth century (Ch 762 (Birch) 1218 quabben) or weardgerlfa (not in MCOE, but sec Bosworth-Tolltt Il for LI Th i 479, 25-28 Et guardereve, id est prepositus custodwn). Overall the identification of hapax kgomena is a perilous business, and what at one time seems an isolated form may with increased knowledge be identified as an instance of some better-attested word. A moment's reflection on the alternate forms thrown up by metathesis is enough for the reconciliation of the manuscript variants ealdorbold and ealdorbotl (Bede 2. 8 122 13 aldorbold), with one form flagged o standing for both. And luckily where senses may seem to have diverged with alternate forms, there arc often sufficient examples of each spelling type, as with bearhtm/breahtm, for there

.

XXIV

Introduction to be no need to flag either. Forms that for various reasons proved hard to cat-

egori7.e are nevertheless numerous, and some examples follow. For crypelas 'lattice', flagged OK. we follow the DOE description, although tempted to identify it with the better-attested forms for 'drain', which would support the flag a. Similarly sceacga is flagged oa in its use of 'hair', although it may be no more than a separate sense of a word of similar shape for 'copse' . For Waldorf unl4de 'stray' (Ch 1445 (HarmD 18) 49 jJIJ unU!dan oxan) was a nonccword, but deeming it merely an extension of the adjective 'unhappy' we gave it no flag. Time and time again the problem lay in glimpsing connections and in being convinced of their likelihood: so agen 'ear' agnan 'chaff and egenu 'blades', apparently infrequent 1 forms, arc mutually supportive. Given this litany of difficulties a final random selection of words flagged o should confirm the virtual impossibility of devising finn guidelines for the categorization of Old English vocabulary ahead of the completion of the DOE. Maybe gurgullione (Lit 4.3.5 (Logeman) 46) should be regarded as a Latin word rather than a loanword? There are, after all, glosses that provide an Old English word ymel alongside the Latin lemma 'gurgulione'. Should hnor 'sneezing' (Occ GI 36 (Gough) 8880) be oa or conflated withftwra? Would it not be better to leave out styficliah (Ch 371 (Birch 606) 3 Stijicleie) altogether because it looks like a place-name? Conversely, should not place-name evidence allow the removal of the flag o from stoc (GD l (C) 1 12 92)? Theo flag as often as not should serve to give rise to speculation and inquiry. p This flag is used of words found only in Old English poetry, which is roughly defined as the texts contained in the Anglo-Saxon Poetic Record (ASPR) volumes. 18 Even so, some words are not easily categorized. The three tJsolian forms (LEProv 3, Prov 2 (Zupker) 2 and Prov 3 (Roeder) 3) mentioned above in comparison with solian (Rim 61 solajJ), come from both verse and prose according to MCOE categorization, but the close relationship of these three Distichs of Calo collections might be held to show that tJsolian is essentially a 'poetic' word. Again, weal/fasten, found once in charter bounds (Ch 339 (Birch 392) and four times in ASPR texts (Gen 1056, Ex 282, Ex 482 and PPs 79 12), may be a form that should not be flagged as restricted in usage. 19 However, the charter bounds within which it occurs look to be sound Old English 11

E. V. K. Dobbie, ed., Tilt Anglo-Saxon Minor Poems, ASPR, 6, New Yort, 1942; ibid., Beowulf and Judith, ASPR, 4, New Yort, 19.53; G. P. Krapp, ed., Tilt Junius Manuscript, ASPR, l, New Yort, 1931; ibid., Tilt VercelU Book, ASPR, 2, New York, 1932; ibid., Tilt Paris Psalkr and the Meters of Boethius, ASPR, .5, New York, 1932; ibid. and E. V. K. Dobbie, ed., Tilt Euter Book, ASPR, 3, New Yort, 1936.

xxv

Introduction metre, and weallftzsten is given a p ftag, with some trepidation. Despite such inconsistency, the attempt has been made to use the p ftag strictly, and it is

therefore indicative only of distribution. Any urge to label particular senses of words as p was resisted as inappropriate in the current state of Old English lexicography. Thus words regarded traditionally as 'poetic' will be so flagged only if restricted to poetry and conversely some unremarkable words that just happen to occur in poetry only will also be so ftagged. 20 Although the Clark Hall use of the dagger to indicate poetic words is an invaluable guide, given the stricter observance of distribution attempted, quite a few words traditionally marked as poetic are without ftags in the classification. The p ftag is therefore an indication of distribution only, and not of any 'poetic' quality within the word flagged. Differentiation among the words restricted to poetry must wait for more detailed studies. Many of the compounds found in poetry have p ftags, and it is interesting to see them cluster, much as might be expected, in certain areas of the classification.21 Examples of groups especially heavily studded with p and op are: 01 Earth, world; 01.01.03.01.02 Sea/ocean; 01.02.01.01.03 Sun; 02.02.05.01.01 A grave, burial place, sepulchre; 02.03.03.03 A nation, people; 05.12.01.09.03 A voyage; 05.12.01.09.03.01 A ship, boat; 06.01.05.02.01.01 Sagacity; 06.01.08.06.02 Great fear, terror, horror; 06.02.07.06 Courage, boldness, valour; 08.01.01.03 Good feeling, joy, happlnea; 08.01.03 Bad feeling, sadness; 09.03.05.01.01 Poetry; 12.01.01.04 A leader, ruler; 13.02.08 Military equipment; 15.01.03 Treasure, riches, wealth; 16.01.01.01.01 The Almighty; 16.01.02.01 Heavenly dwelling place. 22 Less marked concentrations are found in: 01.01.02.01.01.03 Shore, hank; 02.03 Humankind; 02.03.01.01 Male person, man; 03.01.12 19

°

For discussion of these bounds, sec Peter Kitson, 'Some unrecogni:zed Old English and Anglo-Latin verse', Notes and Queries, 232 {1987), 147-S 1.

1

For discussion of lhe difficulties of categorizing Old English vocabulary, sec E. G. Stanley, 'Studies in lhe Prosaic Vocabulary of Old English Verse', Neuphilologische Mitteilungen, 12 (1971), 385-418; M. S. Griffith, 'Poetic Language and the Paris Psalter: the decay of the Old English tradition', Anglo-Saxon England, 20 (1991), 167-86; Roberta Frank, 'Poetic Words in Late Old English Prose', From AngloSaxon to Early Middle English: Studies presented to E. G. Stanley, ed. Malcolm Godden, Douglas Gray and Teny Hoad, Oxford, 1994.

11

Such concentrations were signalled as long ago as J. W. Rankin, 'A Study of the Kennings in Anglo-Saxon Poetry', Journal of English and Germanic Philology, 8 (1909), 357-422; 9 (1910), 49-84.

11

For examples, reference is made to the head of each group. XXVI

Introduction BriPbwrr, llsbt; CM.04.10.01 A r1J11 (for ft•cer, arm, neck); CM.05.03 A dwelllng·pl•ce, •bode, habit8don; 04.05.03.02.02.06.01 A W, bolld· Ina; 05.11.04.02.01 Samet; 06.01.01 Thought, the f•culty of thlnklna; 06.01.08.05.01.01.01 An aerdte of power, mighty work, miracle; 07.06 Ptide; 08.01.03.01 Despondency; 08.01.03.09.04 lbbecl; 08.01.03.09.05 F.mnity; 12 Power; 12.05.04 Sb'ife, bostility; 13.02 War; 13.02.02 Battle; 16.01.05 Hell, lower world, abode of the dead; 18.02.07.01.01 A .ong, • poem to be sung or recited. Again more vague but still discernible scatterings of forms restricted to poetry are found in such groups as: 02.03.01 People; 02.06.10 Monster, strange creature; 03.01.12.02 A be8m of light; 05.08 Strength; 05.10.01 Amplitude, spaciousness, vastneas; 05.12.03.01 Swift· nerr, velocity; 08.01.02.02 Love, affection, care; 08.01.03.05.02 Anger; 08.01.03.09.03 Malevolence, m•lice; 12.01.01.12.04 Treachery; 13.05.01 Victory; 16.01.04 Sorcery, magic, witcbcnf't; 16.02.05.11 The er.. (u Christian Image); 17.02.05 A work/product of art. Other areas are less the concern of Anglo-Saxon poets. Category 04.01 Eat is, for example, relatively free of p flags, at least so far as food is concerned: exceptions include the group of words for 'banqueting hall' in 04.01.02, words which on the whole place more emphasis on liquid than solid intake. Category 04.01.03 Drink has clusters of poetic words. Categories 10 Possession, 11 Action and Utility and 14 Law and Order are almost entirely without poetic vocabulary. Because the vocabulary of Old English poetry has been more extensively analysed than the rest of the extant vocabulary, it is useful to see such long-rccogniz.ed groups of terms arrayed among words in more general use. Certain concepts were apparently likely to spawn compounds, not all of them restricted to the Anglo-Saxon poetic corpus. It comes as a shock, on reading through 13 Peace and War, to find randbeah unflagged, whether as 'shield' or 'shield boss': all twenty-four instances occur outside the poetic corpus. Some words that occur outside the poetic corpus only as proper names are flagged p, for example wrnburh (Dan 57, Dan 620, And 1636, 1672, Jul 78, Wid 75; Vain 9, PPs 79.12, Instr 44; compare Ch 911 (Kem 714) 3, the etymon for the place name Wimboume) or heajJollJc (Beo 583, 1970; compare Bede 5. 22 478 12, a bishop's proper name). So too «scstede (Vain 9) is flagged op, even though formally it has possible support in the charters (Ch 274 (Birch 392) 2, Ch 619 (Birch 982) 15, 18, Cb 766 (Searle) 2 282) with today's placename Ashstead. In such cases it seems more helpful than not to supply flags. Again, there are words that appear mutually supportive, but are nevertheless flagged op: gemt!l (And 1330), for example, looks like genufled (Jul 590; and compare ClGl 1 (Stryker) 3723 and CIGl 3 (Quinn) 20630). The close similarity of certain compounds that occur only once suggests a dedicated seeking

..

xx vu

Introduction for variety on the part of the poets: heorucumbol (El 1OS) and he~combol (El 24); he~syrc (Bco 1506) and heorusyrc (Bco 2538 hiorosen:ean); heoruwlfpen (Jud 261) and henwt!pen (PsFr 34 3). When such forms are drawn together conceptually according to their long accustomed meanings; it is only too tempting to redefine some of them. On the whole it is a temptation firmly resisted. The classification is a sumnwy of past work; and it would be wrong to tamper unnecessarily with the evidence for meaning provided in the standard dictio-

.

nanes. Meaning is especially a problem with poetic compounds. Because of their nature and infrequency they are more like phrases than single words. We have endeavoured to place poetic compounds in an appropriate lexical set, although they may not be placed to the taste of all readers of Old English poetry. The meanings drawn from the standard dictionaries must serve as a starting-point for reconsideration. Thus, campwudu (El 46) is entered under 'shield' when perhaps it would be better under 'spear'. Both hlence (Ex 211) and wtZlhlence (Ex 172 and El 23) have been placed under 'spear' instead of 'coat of mail' .23 Notoriously, poetic compounds defeat exact analysis; yet the positioning of, say, ealuscerwen (Beo 767) and meoduscerwen (And 1526) according to their overall meaning rather than their constituent parts may seem to some a bold step. To have done otherwise would have led to an unwieldy enlargement of the TOE and possibly also to the incursion of poetic words into unlikely areas of the whole. These compounds add spice to the words grouped under 06.01.08.06.02 Great fear, terror, horror within Category 06 Mental Faculties as well as to those under 08.01.03.06.02 Advenity, aftliction within Category 08 Emotion; other possible homes might be: 'pouring out', 'provision of drink', 'generosity' (ironic); or 'deprivation', 'deprivation of drink'; or under 'beer' or 'mead' as single compounds dealing with specific deprivation (ironic). The classification could become a 'black hole', exhaustively drawing in components of meaning, a classification of parts of words rather than word senses. The meaning of a poetic nonceword is inherently insecure. no matter how unanimous the translators and dictionary editors. What, for example, is a w«lsteng (Beo 1634)? Four men carry Grendel's head on this piercing implement, readers visualizing it usually as a spear or spike. It could equally well refer to a sword. Its appearance preceded by the definite article seems to indicate that the implement has already been mentioned, so does Beowulf after all have a use for Brunting on the return from the mere? 33

G. Storms, in his review of P. 0 . E. Gradon'sElene: English Studies, 46 (1965), 54, points out that warriors shake spears rather than coats of mall.

...

XXVUJ

lnlroduction Lengthy accounts could be written on the placing within the classification of word after word. During editing we kept open a special notes line in the database, to indicare reasons for decision, worries, indecisions: information that will be useful for more detailed handling of the materials of the database. But where traditionally a thesaurus-user bas been expected to know the meanings of words scanned, users of this thesaurus are expected to be aware of the sorts of problems Old English words present and to speculate generously as to the choices made by the editors. Metaphorical compounds must be regarded either as a source of enjoyment or as grounds for despair. Tempting though it would be to place such compounds for their separate elements as well as for any recogni:zed derived meaning, a mixture of daring and caution led to their being placed according to derived meanings as far as possible. Thus, words as me~hengest and sundhengest will be found only under the heading 'ship', and not within 02.06 Animal or even 01.01.03 Sea, whereas s~hengest appears both as a ship and a hippopotamus. Yet. the more exotic the image found within a poetic compound, the more likely it is u a candidate for two or three, or even more positions within the classification. Equally, words found outside the poetic corpus can be similarly charged: for example the image contained in s,;Jmutlum (Bo 20 47 25) relates to sword decoration, but the word is properly found at 01.03.01.03.01 Storm, tempest. I Were we certain of having achieved consistency, we would assert that this flag is used of words restricted to glossed texts and glossaries. lWo areas of particular doubt must be noted. First, Latin/English word equivalents within .Elfric's Grammar are anomalous, being a part of prose usage according to Cameron numbers. If the form in question is infrequent or indeed a nonceword the decision not to invoke g is a hard one to take. The form «cennann (..£GI 303 19), for example, occurs only in Aelfric's Grammar, but is flagged o rather than OI· So too ~rmlJa (..£Gr 85 5) is given non-gloss status. At leut its o flag indicates its rarity; the supporting form ~fyrm' (AldV 13.l (Nap) 39180) differs from it in meaning. Counting g forms is so fraught with difficulty that an accompanying o is invoked only after considerable thought. Once the decision had been taken to regard use in the Lindisfarne Psalter Gloss and the Rushworth Psalter Gloss as separate instances of a form, it became the harder not to be similarly generous in respect of other words. It would be fair to say, therefore, that multiple copies are not generally reconciled. This is comparable with the practice adopted in respect of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, although not for all prose

c

.

XXIX

lntrr>thu:tion

texts that occur in more than one manuscript.24 Thus g on its own may relate to a rare infrequent form, but any word flagged both o and g is very probably found once only, in I texts. Further doubts linger: there is great need for differentiation among glossed texts. Some contain free.running materials and can present English as good as or even better than palChes of texts categori:zed as Old English prose texts. Influence from 'the practice of interlinear glossing' has been advanced for the Bede translation, which is not alone among prose texts in providing forms every bit as questionable as many a word flagged g.25 Future work will require a better sense of the quality of glossed texts, each of which should be examined carefully with the distinctions made by Gneuss among loan translations in mind.211 q Every effort has been made to use this ftag as little as possible. It should be thought of as indicating a word that does not occur, indeed a word whose putative existence is gravely to be doubted. Its use is best explained as indicating words that it might have been wiser to exclude. The retention of such words is a matter almost of book-keeping, an entry showing that the fonn was thought worthy of inclusion when the dictionaries were excerpted and that it was retained throughout the editing of the TOE materials. Word senses and words altogether rejected from the thesaurus are not recorded, although the slips themselves remain with the King's College files for consultation. There are three sorts of remainders: some absolutely intractable g forms; some words rejected because rejected by Meritt and other authorities; and some words from the language's closed systems, for example t.et, and, hie~. his, min, sin. 1be q flag is found disproportionately often in certain areas of the classification. 1be place-name elements included in Campbell's Addenda cluster markedly in Category 01 The Physical World and in 04.03 Farm. Sometimes quite a number of the items under a heading are flagged q, as for example rop, ro/Jer, ryd, rydingl-na (postulated cognates for rod) in 04.02.03.01.02 Oeand 24

Multiple copies of the Old English Bede arc reconciled.

25

See Dorothy Whitelock, 'The Old English Bede', Proceedings of the Brilish Acalkmy, 48 (1962), 76, for the mixture of 'stiff and clumsy' and 'vigorous and

idiomatic' passages in this lranSlation. :ie See Helmut Gneuss, Lthnbildungen und LtlWHdeUllUlgen im Altenglischen, Berlin, 19SS, and 'Some Problems and Principles in the Lexicography of Old English', Festschrift fUr Karl Schneider, ed. Kun R. Janltowslty and Ernst S. Dick, Amsterdam/Philadelphia, 1982, pp. 153-68.

xxx

lntrod11etion land. These are listed alongside(ge)ryjnr, another of the place-name elements

included in Campbell's supplement to Bosworth-Toller, but (ge)ryper is unftagged because supported by use within Old English (Ch 468 (Birch 756) 5, Ch 619 (Birch 982) 6, Ch 1028 (HarmApp 2) 10). In 01.01.02.01.02.01 RWng ground, eminence the form hylloc is another of these place-name additions, placed coincidentally under the heading Hillock; and it is comparable with the unftagged hylc, under the heading Hummock within the same group. Here we might have omitted hylloc altogether, but it remains and is separately flagged, therefore giving more evidence than would its absence. Had it been mapped on to hylc (that is, as hylc/hylloc in both entries), it would not have been possible to show it as apparently unexemplified within the extant corpus of Old English. Some words have a dictionary life but are not to be found anywhere in Old English as separate words. Where these have been recogniu:d, they are flagged q. Examples include fonns not found as independent words, whether fairly common elements such as gelegu 'tract of land' and rad 'road' or less frequent forms such as plac 'peak' (supported by the single occUJTCnce of two proper names only, Chron A (Plummer) 924 42 Placlond, Rec 26.2 (Birch 297) 35 Plcst!tna and by a charter phrase Ch 1503 (Whitelock 20) 35 at Placestllle). Otherwise the q flag is invoked for words in some way untrustworthy. For example, a solitary OCCUJTCDCC in Old English of swdn 'warrior' gets into dictionaries, reflecting the emendation swc2nas from swanoc, the form found in Hickes's printed text of the Finnsburla Fragment (Finn 37 swltne/). The form appears in the TOE, but the accompanying q flag ensures that its inclusion cannot be misread as acceptance of the word's existence in Old English.

The aassifbtion The classification of vocabulary used here is essentially a reduced version of the classification devised by Michael Samuels and Christian Kay for the JIT and in use as editing of materials from the OED progresses. 27 The outline classification was developed in the JIT project's early years and is continually refined as word senses are placed within it. 28 Its final shape cannot therefore be seen until the full historical thesaurus is complete. From the outset of the IIT project the usefulness of a small and easily separable body of ancillary materials (that is, c. 48,000 word senses from the Anglo-Saxon dictionaries as 27

Christian J. Kay, 'Historical Thesaurus of English: Progress and Plans', Corpora across the Cenlllries, ed. Merja K)'U), Matti Rissanen and Susan Wright, Amsterdam, 1994, l l l - 20.

:n

C. J. Kay and M. L. Samuels, 'Componential Analysis in Semantics: Its Validity and Applications', Transactions of the Philological Society (1975), 49-81.

.

XXXI

lmroduction

opposed to some 650,000 word senses drawn from the OED) was evident, to serve as the corpus for a pilot study for the full thesaurus. 'The word senses abstracted from the Clark Hall and Bosworth-Toller dictionaries are presented, as will be seen from the Table of Contents, in 18 categories, some of which themselves are further divided into si:zeable subcategories. Running titles are provided throughout the thesaurus. The classification is best approached through the Table of Contents. Wherever possible the defining beadings, which are based on the wording of the standard dictionaries, are written so as to match grammatically what is defined, although sometimes an adjectival heading may define a noun sub-category to which it adds a degree of specificity. Thus the wording of the definition reflects the part of speech: verb definitions opening with 'To . .. ' and adjective ones with adjectival fonns. The sense definition for a group of nouns may point to their use in mass or count contexts, but noun gender, specifically a matter of grammatical congruence, is not given. Again, with verbs an intransitive definition may indicate that the verb is used intransitively, but until more work has been done on the verb phrase in Old English, little that is certain can be stated. Nor should it be, if the evidence needs examination. To assume that one thousand years ago English verbs could be distinguished as transitive and intransitive, as has been done from the evidence contained in the Bosworth-Toller dictionaries, may stem from a wish to find them so and to contrast them with today's system, in which transitivity is viewed rather as a feature of the clause than of the verb.29 From another standpoint it can be argued that Old English has the same basic sentence types as today's English and that too little is known of the differing transitivity realizations of even the commonest verbs. From the broad conceptual point of view it is more important to indicate the central meanings of verbs than to classify them into strong, weak and other grammatical types. 'The overall structure of the classification is hierarchical, proceeding from the most general terms to the most specific. Thus, the meaning of a word at any particular point in the hierarchy is defined not only by its own heading but by the headings above and below it in the structure. Within each heading, further subordination or co-ordination may be indicated. The following selection from Category 02.06 Animal will serve as an example: 02.06 Animal 02.06.03 Wild animal 02.06.03.01 Particular animals (alphabetical order) 02.06.03.01.13 Rodents l

9

See Halliday: Sy1tem anti function in language, ed. Gunther Kress, Oxford, 1976, p. 162.

..

XXXII

Introduction .Mouse: mils ..A thieving mouse: milst>Cof0 S .Rat: If the word we arc interested in is mils, we place it by reading back through the information, represented by the numerical hierarchy, that it is a type of wild animal, then animal. 1bc unnumbered dots give us the further information that Mouse and Rat arc subordinate to Rodent and co-ordinate with each other, while milsplof. with two dots, is subordinated by a further degree of specificity to Mouse. (The system of dots representing degrees of internal subordination was originally devised by Tom Chasc.) 30 Whether a category is numbered or introduced by dots depends partly on perception of the taxonomy and partly on how many words it contains: a large category may be given a number for case of reference at any level. Within the category, an order of Noun, Adjective, Adverb, Verb, Other, is followed unless the predominance of a particular part of speech suggests that a different order would be preferable. Where there is heavy lcxicali:zation under a particular part of speech, it may have a category to itself, as with 02.02.03 To die, perish or the categories under 08.01.02.03 Frimcllinea, affection. This method of displaying the materials is intended to indicate the interdependence of items within a thesaurus structure, as opposed to the arrangement of an alphabetical dictionary, where each definition stands alone. 1bc set of headings relevant to any given item may not add up to the precision of a dictionary definition, but often comes close to doing so, thus, we hope, rewarding the user for effort expended in mastering the system. Oassitying the meaninp 1bc structure described above developed out of the day-to-day work of sorting the slips into groups which shared at least one component of meaning. No claim is made that the words assigned to each group arc synonyms in any strict sense of the tcnn, i.e., that they arc mutually substitutable in all or most contexts. Rather, they arc loosely synonymous terms which express the concept defined by the heading, which will itself often be a descriptive phrase rather than a single word. The precision of meaning (whether real or apparent) indicated by the Old English compounds leads to many small categories, often containing only one word. Such categories have generally been retained, as in 04.02.03.04.02 Putun/pasturqe, but occasionally a set of partially synonymous terms of relative transparency will be grouped together, as for 30

Thomas J. P. Chase, The English Religious Lexis, Texts and Studies in Religion, 37, Qucenston, Ontario, 1988.

XXXlll

Introduction example under 02.06.10.01.03 Half of another kind/ .Man, where centaur, healfmann, meremenn(en) and twlomann are listed together. The starting point for classificatory work was the 26 major categories already established for the Historical Thesaurus. The fate of these categories, reduced to 18 for the TOE, illustrates the general principle on which both classifications are based: that the structure should evolve from the data rather than be imposed upon them. HT, for example, has separate categories for The Supernatural and Institutional Religion, but when it came to the TOE, such a dichotomy proved difficult to operate in lexical terms and counterintuitive in historical and cultural terms. It was therefore abandoned and the material classified under the single heading Religion. Many other distinctions which seem clearcut to the modem mind, such as that between Astrology and Astronomy, proved equally impossible to sustain. Below this macro-level, we allowed the taxonomy to emerge from the data, a relatively easy task for the vocabulary of the material universe, but one requiring a greater degree of subjective intervention in the abstract lexis. As far as possible, we tried to be guided by what we knew of the Anglo-Saxon world-view rather than by modem taxonomies (although our knowledge is obviously limited and this is another area in which we hope that the TOE will stimulate further research). Thus, the major headings in 02.06 Animal might not impress a modern zoologist, but seem to us to indicate the priorities reflected in the vocabulary: 02.06 Animal 02.06.01 Animal parts/activities 02.06.02 Domestic animals, livestock 02.06.03 Wild animal 02.06.04 Exotic animals 02.06.05 Marine animal 02.06.06 Fish 02.06.07 Reptile (serpent, snake, dragon) 02.06.08 Bird 02.06.09 Insect/small creature 02.06. l 0 Monster, strange creature Technical terms such as 'mammal' or 'arachnid' simply do not appear in these headings, thus allowing us to place words such as hwerl 'whale' in 02.06.05 and iitorcoppa 'spider' in 02.06.09, without. we hope, offending either scientific or historical sensibilities (and, in the latter case, with some fidelity to the modem folk taxonomy). Where possible, categories within such headings follow a semantic order; 02.06.01 Animal par1s/activities, for example, follows the order of Head to Tail, and the equivalent sections for human beings and for

.

XXXIV

lntrrxhlction diseases are also organi:zed in descending order. Where a semantic order is not apparent, alphabetical order is followed. Individual words are generally classified by their most specific component. so that general terms for tools are in 17 Work, dolnp, actions, labour, while tools and implements used in agriculture or the care of animals occur in different parts of 04.02 Farm. The section above on the four flags has described the difficulties faced in ascribing meaning to many Old English word forms. For a conceptually organi:zed lexicon, some meaning must be attached to a form if it is to be included at all, and the vaguer the meaning, the greater the problems confronting the classifier. In addition to this, some concepts are inherently ambiguous and could find more than one home whatever the system of classification. Thus we have the categories 16 Religion and 18.02.07 Music: where do we put Religious Music? In such a case, it is Hobson's choice, and in the TOE those who tum first to Music will be supplied with cross references to appropriate points in Religion. Where the number of words is small, as in the sub-category War trumpet. the group may be repeated, here in both Music under 18.02.07.02.02.02 A tnunpet and in Warfare under 13.02.08.01 Battle-horn. Economy must be practised for a printed book, but in a database repetition is less of a luxury. Polysemous words can legitimately be dealt with by placing their senses in as many categories as is necessary, but problems arise if there is a single definition of wide extension or if the boundaries of the senses are not clear cut. One solution is to use a comprehensive defining heading, as in 14.01.06 A nale, order, precept, tenet, principle, which can receive words which cover some or all of this area of meaning. Another is a series of overlapping headings, as in the verbs attached to 11.11.02 A hindrance . Neither solution is ideal, but both the nature of meaning in general, and the nature of Old English meanings in particular, renders a degree of fuzziness inevitable. Where all else fails, we have fallen back on categories like the depressingly large 02.07.11.02 Unldentlfted plants (alphabetical order). Compared with a dictionary, any thesaurus is somewhat of a blunt instrument, sacrificing semantic or grammatical specificity to breadth of conceptual coverage. Schemes of classification have no inherent truth, but represent the best attempts of the compilers to present their materials within a coherent and illuminating framework. We hope that we have gone some way to achieving this goal in the TOE, and that it will provide its users with at least some new insights into the vocabulary of Old English and the lives of its speakers, as well as fulfilling its primary function of supplying data for further research.

xx xv

A THESAURUS OF OLD ENGLISH 1. The Physical World 01 Earth, wortd: brytengrundas0 P, brytenwangas0 P, eormengrund0 P, eor}>e, eofl>ricc, eorJ>stcde0 P, eorpwegP, folde, foldwangP, foldwegP, grundwzg°P, grundwangP, gumriceP, leoht, middangeard, moldwegP, woruld .As God's creation: ealdgeweorcP, frumheowung°S, frumsceaft, frumgesceap0 P, frumsetnungs, frumweorc, fymgesceap0 P, fymweorcP, landgesceaft°P, Stle and eorpe, gesceaft, woruld, woruldgesceaft ..In the beginning: frymp ..Awaiting redemption: gehzftworld° ..Before the last judgement: l!rworuld0 P .As dwelling place: eardgeardP, ijlel, hrilseP, molde, peodeor}>e0 , willwong0 P, wundorworuld°P .As distinct from heaven: grund, hriiseP, woruld, woruldrice .Material world: woruld, ymbhwyrft .Of the wortd: eorpcund, eorpcundlic, eorplic, middangeardlic, woruldcund, woruldlic . .In earthly situation: her, in werpeode, on grunde, under sunnan, under wolcna hrofe, under wolcnum ..(ln)to this wortd/life: hider .In earthly manner: eorplice 01.01 Surface of the earth: Stle and eorpe, wang, widlandP .Region:ende,eodor,grundsceatP,sceat .Zone, belt: gyrdel(s) .Borbon: eaggemearc0 P ..Space enclosed by borbon: bring 01.01.01 Direction: See 01.03.01.05.01Winds;05.10.05.04.09 Side, quarter. direction

01.01.01.01 North: norpd~I .Northern part or place: no~I. norpende, norphealf, norphyme, norpland, norpsceata0 , thila .Northern: norp, norJ>anweard, nor}>eme, norpeweard, norpheald, norplang, norplic0 8 ..More: norperra ..Most: nort>mest I

01.01.01.01.01 North-east .Towards/from, etc., north: be norpan, norp, norpan, norprihte(s), nort>weard, norpweardes, on nort>an ..Further: nort>or .By north: be nort>an 01.01.01.0l.OI North-east: norpeast, norpeastende0 .North-eutem corner: norpeasthyme .North-eutem: eastnorp, eastnort>eme0 , norpeasteme0 S, norpeastlangq .Towards/from, etc., north-east: be nort>aneastan, eastannorpans,

nort>aneastan, norpeast 01.01.0l.Ol.02 North-west: norpwest, norpwestende .Towards/from, etc., north-west: norpanwestan, norpwest, westannorpan,

westnort>, westnort>langq 01.01.01.02 South: sii~21 .Southem part or place: sii~zl, siipecg, sii~nde, siiphealf, siipland,

supmzgp .Southem: sup, sii~me, sii~weard, siiphealdP, siipweard ..More: sy~rra ..Most: siipmest .Towards/from, etc., south: be siipan, sup, siipan, siiprihte, siipweard, supweardes, wip siipan 01.01.01.02.01 South-east: eastsii~lo, Siipeastende0 , siipeasthealf0 S .South-eastern: eastsiiplangq' siipaneastemeoS' siipeast, siipeasteme0 •Towards/from, etc., south-east: be eastsiipan, eastansiipanS' eastsup,

supaneastan, siipeast 01.01.01.02.02 South-west: siipwest, westsii~nde0 .SOuth-westem: siipanwesteme0 • supwesteme0 .Towards/from, etc., south-west: be westansiipan, siipanwestan, siipwest 01.01.01.03 East: eastdzl .Eastem part or place: eastende, easthea)f, eastJand, eastrice, eastwegasP

.Eastern: east, easterlic0 S, easterne, easteweard, eastlang •Towards/from, etc., east: east, eastan(e), eastrihte, eastrihtes, eastweard, eastweardcs, wip Castan .By east: be eastan See 01.02.01.01.03 Sun

2

01.01.02.01.01.0 I Mainland 01.01.01.04 West: setlgang, sunsetg, westdltl, wcstwegu0 P .Western part or place: westd~I. westende, westhealf -Extreme western boandary: rihtwestende0 .Western: west, westanweard0 , wester, westernc, west(e)wcard, westlang

..Most: westrnest .Towards/from, etc., west: be westan, sunganges, west, westan, westanc, westlang, westribte(s), wcstweard ..Most westerly: wcstmest .By west: be westan, wil> westan See 01.02.01.01.03 Sun 01.01.02 Land: zcer, eard, corJ>e, foldc, greot, grund, briiseP, land .On land: on drygum, iip .(Of land) to lie: biian, licgan 01.01.02.01 Ground: beann, ear 0 P. coq,e, foldc, grund, grundbedd 0 P, hriiseP. land, molde, na:ss, sceat, scCata .Chalky ground: cilccq .Rough ground: clinc, ryhl>q. scrippa, ungcrydc .Stony ground: srzneq, stl!nerg .S.ndy ground: sendeq .Of the ground: coq,e(r)ng, cort>lic -Rough: riih ..Stony: srzncn, stinberendc0 g, stanig, staniht, stinscylig

-Rocky: cliidig 01.01.02.01.01 Tract of land: ctisc(c)q, Jandscearu, Jandsplott, geleguq,

scirlett .Common/unenclosed land: ccart .Small piece of land: buttucas, bytt, landstyccc, plot .Strip/stretch of land: ricq, stracaq, streccaq ..Piece of land cut oft': scirtcq ..Strip of land beside a stream/other land: sidlingq .Horn-shaped piece of land: horn .Land lying by water: flOdhamm, holm .Alluvial land: scydd, wa:tergcwa:sc0 g .Place with tree stumps: stocccttq, stumblct~

See 04.02.03.01.02 Clearing; 04.02.03.01 Plot of land; 12.06 Territory 01.01.02.01.01.01 Mainland: l>a:t mire land

3

01 .01.02.01.01.02 Island 01.01.02.01.01.02 Island: caland, cit, ieg, iegland .Small Island: elq. iggap .Island in river, etc.: holm .Other types of island: fyrsig0 , ncahcaJond0 , paddaniegq, st!ryric0 P .Sand-bank: sandhricg 01.01.02.01.01.03 Shore, bank: brerd, clif, landgemirce, ofer, scora, sta:J>,

strand, streamsta:J>0 P, strearnwealJ0 P, waro)> .SOUtb shore/bank: sii}>rima, sii)>stzJ> .Coast, seashore: brim, brimfarot>0 P, brimsta:J>0 P, faroJ>P, gematre, mearcland, merehwearf0 P, st!farot>P, sl!geml!re, st!rima. sl!sta:J>, st!strand, satwarot>P, wltgstret>0 P, wir, y)>JifP ..Sandy shore: sand, sandland 0 P, warol>a geweorp .Land near roast: caland, szhealf, szwong0 P ..Maritime district: slt)and, szgesetS .River-bank: i!a6fer, Castzl>Op ••East river-bank: eaststrel>0 ..Land in bend of river: crambq .Wharf, embankment: hwearf 01.01.02.01.01.03.01 Promontory, headland, cape: bearuna:s0 P, foremunt0 S,

fyrgenheafod0 P, hoh, na:ss(e), nose, sl!na:s, sceat, snOca. steort .Northern promontory: nor1Jsceata0 .Isthmus: sweora 01.01.02.01.01.03.02 Inlet in river/sea: earm, fteot, pull, si!earm0 , sceat, wrc .Bay, gulf: healh 01.01.02.01.02 High land: diin, heah, heahland, heahstede0 P, healicnes, mor,

morhat)>0 P, muntland, weald .Peak land: peaclond0 .(Of land) high: hcah 01.01.02.01.02.01 Rising ground, eminence: hi inc .In marsh or swamp: merschop0 .Small mound: hype, hypeJS, gewyrpe .Stony mound: stanceastel, stancno11°, stangefea11°, stanhype0

.Hummock: hobbq, hylc .Hillock: beorgstede0 P, cna:pp, cnoll, hygelq, hyllocq, stiit ..Particular kinds of hillock: brerhli!w 0 , hyrst .Ridge: forstq, hoh, hrycg, walu 4

01 .01 .02.01.02.02.03 Slope

..Dividing ridge: hlinc, rdrhlinc, mearchlinc0 , middelhrycg .Other kinds of ridge: landgewyrpe, lindrycg, mealuq, sandhrycg, stinhlinc, slinhricglt, timberhrycg, troghrycg .Bank, escarpment: eardweallq , eorJ>weall, ffre .Of stones: stinwalu0 • 01.01.02.01.02.02 Hiii, mountain: beorg, dun, hyll, munt .Summit: cnaepp, cnoll, coppK, heafod, hrel>(u), top, ypplen .Slope, side: zfdyneas, hengq, hlencq, hliJ>, hylde, side, slindq, slinuq

.Grassy slope: sleaq ..Steep slope: scyte .Foot: wyrtruma, wyrtwalu .Prominent/isolated biWmountain: heafodbeorg, mundbeorg0 P .HDly/mountainom: dunlendisc0 , dunlic°' 01.01.02.01.02.02.01 Hill: borq, cancq, claccq , clopq, clud, cnyllq, cylfeq,

dun, hCalor, hyll, pampq, ~q. rind .HUis: gesweoru .High hill: heahhliJ>P .Round/conical hill: beallq, bolq, hlltw, hocerq , swelle ...ctand-hill: sandbeorg, sandhyll, sandgewyrpe .Other kinds of hill: foxhyll, berq, rdrccnoll, nCahdun°, stinbeorg, weargbeorg°, winterdiin°, wulfhliJ>0 P .Hilly: clildig, hyllic 01.01.02.01.02.02.02 Mountain: (ge)beorg, fergenbeorg0 P, fyrgenq,

hCahbeorgP, hCahtorr', munt .Lowest part of mountain: grundweall .Side of mountain: beorghleoJ>P .Neighbouring mountain: nCahmunt .Alps: alpis (l>ii muntas) ..St Bernard Pus: muntgru .Apennines: barda0 .Pyrenees: perenei (J>I beorgas), pireni .Mountainous: beorgiht° .Higb/steep: steap, sticol 01.01.02.01.02.02.03 Slope: hlil> .Topofslope: heafod .S.ndy slope: sandhlil>op .Hollow in slope: healh

5

01 .01.02.01.02.02.04 Cliff

.North slope: nort>hyldeq .Slope (of beadl•nd): nieshli!>0 P 01.01.02.01.02.02.04 Cliff: clif, ccgclif0 P. sta:l>hlype, stinclif, stinhli!JP, stinsc~&. wcall .Edge of cliff: ccg

.Shelf: pcallq ,Sea-cliff: brimclif0 P, clif, holmclifP, sl!beorgP, Sltclif, sltweallP, sta:1>wcaIJ0 P, wcallclifOP .High cliff: hlahclif .Overhanging cliff: hcngcclif& .Misty cliff: rnisthli!JP .Of/concerning dHrs, steep: clifig°&. clifiht&, geandele0 &, neowol, sta:l>hlype, stcaJcP, steap, strfigQ, swift, trondende0 &, wil>erdiine See 01.01.03.01.02 Sea/ocean 01.01.02.01.02.02.05 Crag, rock, stone: carr&, scylf, still, stintorr

.Mw of rocks: clild, cliiderq -Landslip: cort>gcberst

.Opening between rocks: stingcat .Rocky peak, cng, tor: ing(cl)q, stincnol1°, stinrocc8, stintorr. torr .Stack: carr& .Cragy, rogged: anbrucolog. cliidig, hamcl, scylfig& See 01.01.02.02.01 Rock. stone 01.01.02.01.03 Hollow/depression in land: deopingq. hcaloc, holcq,

holhncs0 , hylu, scra:f, wamb .Hollow in hills: muntclysc0 , sweora .Hole, pit: dylf(ct)q, corl>pf0 P, pf, hot, holh, pytt, 5Ca1>, swalgq ..Particular kinds of pit: f~r5Ca1> &, horpytt, hringpytt, mltrpytt -Quarry/ditch: gedclf, die, foss, grafct See 17.04 Materials 0

01.01.02.01.03.01 Cave: cine, dcnn, grafu0 &, hll!w, scrref .Mountain-cave: diinscra:fP .Cave in the rocks: stinho1°, stinscra:f .Cave as dwelling place: brocchol, cleofa. cofa, eorl>hiis, eorpscraf .Place with caves: scra:fcnq

.Rocky arch: stinbogaP 6

01.01.02.01.05 Covered with vegetation 01.01.02.01.03.02 Abyss, chum: a:fgrynde0 , deop, deopnes, f~rsCa&>08, gin, grund, grutt8, grynde, n&SS, neowelnes, neowol, geswelg8 01.01.02.01.03.03 Valley: b&c(e), clofq, clohq, cumb, dzl, dene, denelandS, eortxlene0 , glad/gl~q. gyllq, pa:I>, sla:d .Mouth of valley: (ge)mYl>e .Head of dale: bytn .Small valley: dell .Gorae, ravine: ceole, cliise, crundel, brace .Particular kinds of valley: cealccrundel, fildenu, hlipcumb, ~rcumb, morsla:d, standenu, wulfsla:d ..Valley containing water: bingQ, byden, cymbe0 , dumpeVdumbelq, dyfe0 , holh, wa:tersla:d .A deep place in water: hol .(Of land) low-lying: nil>erlic 01.01.02.01.04 Open Oevel) land: diinland, feld, feldland .Level place, plain: camp. emnet0 ' feld, gefilde, smet>ettq' smet>nes, stedewangP, wang .Particular kinds of level land: frit>owang°P, gra:swang, ~lwangP, stanwong°P, wudufeld°P .(Of land) level: efen, tilde 01.01.02.01.04.01 Mania, bog, swamp: gebl'Zc, cwabba0 , fenn, fengeliid0 P, fenhleot>u0 P, fenhop0 P, fenland, ft~thamq , fynig, gyr(u), gyrwefenn°, hop, la:c(e)q, mersc, merschop0 , merscland°, mOr, m0rhop0 P, mos, piduq, polraq, ~geq, sl~. sna:p0 , strod, strOdetteq, fy~, fyrsgira0 , fyrsleah, hreod .Woocledfanct: (ge)fyrhl>(e), weald, wudu, wudufald0 , wudufeld0 P, wuduland .To be covered with vegetadon: (ge)growan

See 04.02.03.04 Grassland 01.01.02.01.06 Wild/uncultivated land: elzte, in8Lf P, ceart, feldwesten°, hreohnes, mearcland, mearcstede0 P, Unland, WCstC land, WCslen, westnesS .A wactefdeserted place: WCstenstapol0 P .Moor, heath: ~I>. hi!l>feld, hi!l>feldland0 , heahmor 0 , mor, morhit1>0 P. morland ..A waterless moor: driigol>. driigung, dryge •Wild, UDCUldvated: unbegin, undolfen°, unered0 8, ungearu, weste, wilde -Heathy: hrel>iht(e) -Barren/desert: iepe -Lacking vegetadoa: calu -Waterlea: l>yrre ..Desert, desolate: l!ll!te, westen, westig .To grow/remain wild: awildian See 02.01.03.02 Barnnness; 03.01.18 Dryness 01.01.02.02 Earth, soil: eort>e, great, hJiiseP, land, molde, myldeq .Virgin soil: maegdeneort>e0 .Dust (of the ground):~. dnst .Lump of earth or peat: clodd 01.01.02.02.01 Rock, stone: carr, clentq, clifstin, cnearrq, flint, beans, srestin°S, stin,stincarr0 S,stinclud .Kind of stone: stlncynn ..Stone from 8 river: eastin° -Huae stone: maegenstin ..Loose stones: claterq, clyderq ..Pebble: papolstin, stinincel0 S .Rocky, stony: stinberende0 S, stinig, stiniht, stl!nilic0 See 01.01.02.01.02.02.05 Crag, rock, stoM; 04.05.01 Building materials 01.01.02.02.02 Types of soil: 8

01.01.02.02.03.01 Types of metals/minerals 01.01.02.02.02.01 Sand, sraffl: sand, sandceosol, stinceosel, war .8andstone, gravel: ceoselstin .Gravel: cisq, cropp, greon°1, greosnt! .Gravel, send, shlnsle: ceosel, grindeq .Sea-sand, shinale: ~ceosol .A araln of send: sandcom, sandgrot°P Sandy: sandfut 0 •, sandig, sandiht -Covered with send: grotigt! .Gravelly, shinsly: ceosel~ret!, ceoslent!, ceoslig°I, cisenq, greotcnq Sandy, chalky: mealmeht0 01.01.02.02.02.02 Cay, loam: clzg, folde, Jim, ~hel .Sbele: stiinscalu0 .Oiht°S .Stony, sbely: stinscylig 01.01.02.02.02.03 Limestone, chalk: cealc, cealcstin, meahnstin .Qaicklime: gebaemd lim, gebaemd stln .Gyfl'um: spaerstinl .Chalky place: cilceq 01.01.02.02.02.04 Marble: manna0 , mannanstln, mannelstin°, marmorstin, mannstin

01.01.02.02.02.05 F1lnt: flint 01.01.02.02.02.06 Achlllll•t: r•ns0 See 17.04 Materials

01.01.02.02.03 Minerals and metals: .Stoae that COll'lalm metal: stln .Ore, aawroapt metal: Ora 01.01.02.02.03.01 Types of metals/minuals: .Ba awfcopper: Ir, goldmaestling, grene Ir, maestling ..Baus, brome: bra .Crystal: cristalla ..saJt: sealt -Coarse salt: grtat sealt -.A pillar of 181t {Lot's wife): sealtstin .Copper: coper

9

01.01.02.03 F.arthquake

.Gold: gold ..Pure gold: s~te gold -Ingot of gold: goldwecg0 S. -Gold ore: goldOra' .Iron: ise(r)n .Lead: lead .QuicksUver: cwicseolfor .SUver: seolfor .Tin: tin .Brar.en, of brass: zren, bnesen .Of copper: cypren .Of crystal: cristallisc0 .Of pure gold: smlttegylden .Of iron: ise(r)n .Leaden: leaden .Of sUver: seolfren .Of tin: tinen 01.01.02.03 Earthquake: cwacung, eorpbeofung, eorpdyne, eorpbremes, eorpryne, eort>styren, eor)>styrennes0 S, eorpstyrung 01.01.03 Water: earwela0 P' flOd, holm, lagu, lagufael>m0 P' laguflOd, lagustream, s&, streamas, sund, waetergesceaft0

See 03.01.16.02 Water. liquid 01.01.03.01 Body of water: gelagu, mereftOdP, ricq, l>rymm, (ge)waed, waeter, wzteras, waeterscipe .Deep water: wltl .Neighbouring water: ncahwaeter 0 , scirwzter 0 .Navigable waterway: eaJad0 P .Bed of: botm, grund -Floor of subterranean place: brUseP .Stapant water: meresteall0 .Deep: deop, hcah .Still, calm: meresmylte0 P, undrefed° .Stapant, standing: dead, standende

See 01.01.02.0J.OJ .03 Shore, bank 01.01.03.01.0I Moving water: ftOd, wyllestrcamP .Agitated movement: styrenes, wielm, ymbcerrS .Agitated: if'Ysed, (ge)drof 10

01.01 .03.01.01.03 Stream

.To surge, beat, be agitated: ~. (ge)weallan 01.01.03.01.01.01 River: ca, eastream. ftoo, Iacu, lagustreamP. stream,

wztersbiam .Head/source: hWod .Course: forpryne, pep, rihtryne, ryne .Mouth: genlad, miil>(a), gemynde, gemyl>(e) .Midstream: midstream .Bend: bycgeq .Pool as part of river: pal, wrel .Put wbel'e fish caught: fiscnop, fiscwer, steallq .Neighbouring river: neahea0 .Confluence: (ge)mype -Collision, meeting of waten: wipercwide, wiperszc .Bed of: earacu .Particular riven: ..8evern: sacfern -Thames: temes(e) ..Eider, 'doorof1ea momten': fifeldor 0 P .Relating to rivers: ealic', ftOdens, ftoolic' ..Flowing in four stJ c•ms: fiperft&lendeoS, fiperftOwende _nowing rapiclly/violeady: mooig .Up-river: iip .To rise: onspringan, iip weallan 01.01.03.01.01.021iibutary: br0cri)>0 .Fork: creowelq, twicele0 , twisla0 01.01.03.01.01.03 Sbeam: l!wyll, burn(-a/-e), eanp0 , fteamaq, fted(e)q,

foldwylm0 P, gytestreamS, lacu, wzterburne0 P, wetempeg, wyllestr~P

.Small stre•m, brook: bzc, broc, funta/-e, rinnelle/rynel, (ge)np(e), npig, sic(e), sicelq ..Intermittent: sic, winterburna0 s .Freshet: fersceta .Boundary stream: (ge)rrutrbrOc, mltrft0de0 , (ge)ml!rlacu, m&rsic, (ge)mrerwyll .MDI stream: cweomburna, hweolnpig, mylenbroc, mylenburna, mylentroh0 8, mylestream .Stream with particular cbaracterisdcs: 11

01.01.03.01.01.04 Watercourse/channel

..Dirty: horwyll, smitcq "With alden: alcrbrac, alcrbumc ..Lined with planks: bordnpig ..In a plain/meadow: fildbumc, llltdlacu0 ..Mountain/woodland: firgcnstreamP "With fish: fisclacu0 , wtt}>cbumc "Rushy: riscbrac, riscnpig ..salty: saltbrac, saltwcllc

01.01.03.01.01.04 Watercoune/channel: ltd.re, ccolc, caldoj>S, ftooc, gotaq, gutt, lid, pipe, streamracu, swinq, J>ryng°l!, wztcrgcliid0 i, wztcrgclzt°&, wztcrscipc, wztcrtrgc°', wztcrwcgO 01.01.03.01.01.0S Toaaent: brimstreamP, ftoo, gyseq, hlimmcP, hlydc, hlynn°', scytcrc, wztcrpeote 01.01.03.01.01.06 Waterfall: hlfcp(e), hlynn°i, J>Cotc, wztergcfcall 0 , wztcrt>Cotc 01.01.03.01.01.07 Spring, fountain, well: zspring, zwclm, burhwcllc, bum(-a/-c), ccldcq, cwilmq, cwyllc0 , fant, funta/fynt, pytt, spring, iipspring, iipwill 0 , wzterZd(d)re, wzterpytt, wzterspring0 P, wztcrwyll, wellwill 0 , wicll(-a/-e), wielm, wyllebumeP, wyll(ge)spring, wyllung .Bubbling spring: citelftooq, citelwyllq .Spring having water in winter: wintcrwille0 .Salt spring: sealtseap0 , sealtwillingO, sealtwylle .Miraculous/healing spring: hit bzp .Other sprinp: "Where eras grows: czrswillq -Boundary: mcarcwill .From/of a spring/fountain: willici .To spring: ibrecan iip, ispringan iip, iwcallan (iit), brecan of, brecan iip, cnpan', onspringan, wcallan 01.01.03.01.02 Sea/ocean: bzpwcgP, brim, brimftoo, brimstrcam, deop, egorstreamP, fim, fifclw~gOP, fiSCCS bzp, fisccs cpeJ, ftoowcgP, ftot, ganotcs bzp, girsecg, gcofonP, hzf, hzm, holm, hranmere0 P, hranridP, hwz)CS Cpe), hwzJmereP, hwz)weg0 P, lagu, lagufzstenP, Jaguftoo, mzwcs epel, mere, sit, sitfzsten°P, sitftoo, sitholm0 P, secg', seglrid0 P. seolhbzp0 P, seolhpzp0 P, siolop0 P, streamas, sund, sundhclmP, 12

01.01.03.01.02.05 Wave

swinridP, wzd, wel, waerP, windgeard0 P, woruldwaeter 0 , yt>. yt>a ful, yt>faruP,yt>gewinnP .Open/deep sea: dCop, ear, fifelstream0 P, ftotweg°P, fyrnstteamas0 P, beah, holmmegen°P, mereftOdP, satweg°, iltermere, w~gholm P, widsat, yt>mereop .Remotest sea: iitgirsecg°P .Rel•tina to the sea: heahhef0 , holmeg°P, 5Zlic, 5Zng, sznig0 g 0

01.01.03.01.02.01 Region of sea/ocean~ .Bosom: flmigb0sm0 P, sceat .8ea-patb/-way: brimJAdP, brinuidP, farot>stt~tP, holmweg°P, JagulidP, lagustrat0 P, mere1Ad0 P, merestnttP, sltJAdP, sltweg, streamrid .Deep place: w~I .sea bed: eargrund. grund, satgrund, waetergrund 01.01.03.01.02.02 Sea-cbannel: merestreamP, satftOd, smst:ream .Strait/narrow dwnnel: middelsat0 , sweora .Bristol Channel: nort>sZ .English Channel: siit>sat 01.01.03.01.02.03 Sea In particular area: eastgirsecg, eastsZ, nort>girsecg°, siil>girsecg°, westsZ .Meditemmean Sea: wendelslt .Baltic Sea: norpsat 01.01.03.01.02.04 State of sea: .Rough sea: farot>. holmt>racuP, stormsz0 , waeterftoo, gewinn .Rough: gedrof .Violently: strange .To agitate: (ge)drefan, (ge)wregan •To become rough: irisan •To crow calm: driisianP. sessian°P .To 1D8ke calm: (ge)smyltan 01.01.03.01.02.05 Waw: ~r. haem, w~g. wal>um(a)P, YI> •Towering wall of: holmwea11°P, meretorr 0 P, randgebeorb0 P, randburgP, stlweaJJP .Crest: hrycg .Billow/sea-wave: brimwylm0 P, ft0dyt>0 P, holmwylm0 P, smw~g°P, satwylm0 P, sttyt>, sealcyt>P, sigend, w~g. waetcryt>0 P, wealca, YI> 13

01.01 .03.01.02.06 Surging, rolling, heaving of waves .Large wave: egewylm, ft0dweard0 P, ftOdwylmP, heah gel>ring, mOdewf!g°P,

oferyl>0 1, dbeorgP .Breaker: waro1>faru1>0 P .Surf: warol>gewinn°P .Foamy: flimig .To move in waves: y)>(g)ian 01.01.03.01.02.06 Surging, rolllng, heaving of waves: merefarot>P, ~hete , streamwelm0 P, streamgewinn°P, geswing, gewealc, wielm, gewilc, gewilcl>0 1 .Ad of mingling: geblandP, W"geblandP, ofer d!op gedreg, sundgebland0 P, yl>geblandP .Ad of bftAking./dashfn&: hopgehnist0 P .Running higb/surginglroDing: il>unden, hopig°P, wealco1°1, weallende .To move restlessly about: ispringan (ilp) .To swell: uppian° .To run higb/surxeJbeave: mOdig(i)an, on wealcan, (ge)wealcan, weallan, windan, ymbswipan

0

01.01.03.01.03 Lake: la:c(e)q, lagu, luh•, mere, seap .Large lake/Inland sea: ~ .Icy lake: ismere0 P .Bed of: grund, grundwangP, meregrun. stJegl, wa:ter5Ca1>, wa:tersoJ 0 1, wa:tersteall0 .Round: hringmere0 P •With birds: crampulq, rdwpul •Where fish are kept: fisclacu 0 , fiscmere0 1 .Mill-pool: mylengear, mylenpull .For swimming: sundmerel .Boundary: ~rp01°, ml!rpull0 .Brackish: sealtmere 01.01.03.01.03.02 Weir: pynding, wer, wering0 , werstede0 .Where fish are kept: ha:cwer .Of logs: beamwer 0 .At a ford: fordwer 0 .Floodgate, sluice: forscft°I

14

01 .01.03.05 Whirlpool 01.01.03.02 Ice: is .Piece of: is .Jdde: cylegicelP, gicel(e), hrrmgicel 0 P, ises gicel .Icy: gicelic', isig, Isiht° See Ol.03.01.04.02 Jce

01.01.03.03 F1ow/8owina: sitftOd, singalreneog, toftowendnes0 .Upward OD to land: ilpgang .F1owlna: iiemende, cwicwelle', ftowende, forpgoten, iemende, singalftOwendeog, weallende ..Flll'-tlowing: Widrynig°P .In tbe m•nner ofa staeam: st:reamrynes0 .Gendy: smoltlice0 P .To flow: faran, feallan, fteotan, (ge)ftowan, ftowan iit, forpftowan°, gehlcapan, ieman (iit, of), rinnan, toglidan ..To flow In: ftowan ..To tlow upon, round: beftowao0 P, geondftowan, geondlican°P, onbeftowan°' ..To flow under: underflowan°P ..To flow up to: tObeftowao°' ..To tlow through: t>urhl>rtwan° ..(Of water) to disperse: oferyman, toft&>n, togin, togelan°, toscn1>an°P 01.01.03.04 Current, rush of water: nts, streamfaru0 P, wltgstream0 P, wactera t>rYl:>e. wactert>ruh', wacterpryt>0 P .sea c:arrent: cgorst.reamP, geofonft0d0 P, merestreamP, sltstream .Tide, incoming dde: dreariend°B, ftOd, sltftOd .Ebbing/flowing out of tide: ebba, eftftowung°C, sltacbbung°S .Hip dde: egors, fyllet>ftOd. ~Od .Neap dde: nepftOd .Strong: stearc, strang, swi}>strfme0 .Rushing: lfjsed, forpresende, gefysed .Enplftn1: forswelgende .Full: full .Ebbing and flowina: geondftowende, ong!anftowendeS .To ebb: iebbian, geebbian, eftftowan°' 01.01.03.05 Wbhtpool: edwielleS, edwindeS, grutS, hwyrfep01°S, s&swelg, geswelgS, swelgend, swelgendnes0 S, swelgnes°', t>oden, wet IS

01.01.03.06 flood 01.01.03.06 lilood: cwild(e)flOdg, drenceflOdP, fled, flOd, geofonP, mereflooP,

wl!gl>reatog, gewzsc«, wzterflOO, willfl0d0 P, Yt>ung .8ea-8ood: sl!OOd .Biblical: egorhereP, flOd, wzlstream0 P .In 8ood: flede, flooeog, infledeP, oferflede0 .To ftood/overftow: geflowan .To ftood/overftow (land, etc.): oferflowan, yl>(g)ian .To carry away by a 8ood: to0eotan° .To be 8ooded: flowan .(Of 8ood) to sink, go down: ebbian, sincan 01.01.03.06.01 Reheat (of Red Sat): sl!cir 0 P 01.02 Firmament: fzsten, fzstnes, heofon, rodor, stal>l, stat>olnes0 g,

ttumnes/trymnes, getrym .Bright ftrmament: beorhtrodor 0 P .Cosmograpber: middangeardt0dzlend0 g .Of the firmament: rodorlic 01.02.01 Heaven(s), sky: heofon(as}, hrOf, lyft, swegl, sweglb0sm(as)0 P ,

ilprodorP, wolcnu .Cin:uit/expanse of heavens: hwearft .Regiom of the heavens: eastrodor 0 P, no~trodor 0, nort>rodor 0 P,

sill>rodor, westrodor .Vaults, roof of heaven/bell: heofona gehlidu .Celestial: heofoncund, heofoncundlic, heofonisc, oferlyftlic, tungellic0 g ..Heaven-born: heofoncenned0 g ..Heaven-dwelling: heofonbilende0 g .In a celestial m•nner: heofonlrce See 16.01.02 The hmvens 01.02.01.01 Heavenly body: godgim0 P, heofoncandelP, heofontungol, tungol 01.02.01.01.01 Planet: tungol

.Mars: tir .(Of planets) wandering: dweliende, woriende 01.02.01.01.02 Star: heofonsteorraP, rodortungolop, steorra. tungol .Fixed star: tungol

.Noble star: zt>eltungolP, gim, tungolgim 0 P .Day star: dzgsteorra, morgensteorra 16

01.02.01.01.05 Comet .Dog star: se hlra steorra .Evening star: ltfensteorra, swinsteorra0 8 .Pole star: scipsteorra .Hyades/the raiaen: rzdgasrams .Starry, starlike: ~nedoS, istyrred, steorbltre0 • , tunglen, tungolbzreS .(Of star) solitary: ingenga

01.02.01.01.02.01 Constellation: mearcung, getlcnung, tungol .Great Bear: caries wen, waenes l>isl(a) .Milky Way: iringes weg .Orion: eofo$ing' 01.02.01.01.02.01.01 Tbe Zodiac: circul .Sign of Zodiac: tlcen, tlcnung -Particular signs: crabba, ramm, wsctergyte0 See 16.01.04.06.01 Astrology

01.02.01.01.03 Sun: dzgcandelP, dzgsceald0 P, fril>candel 0 P, heal>usigel 0 P, heofenes gim, heofonlwma0 P, merecandel 0 P, sigel, s0JDP, sunna, swegl, sweglcandelDP, wedercandelP, wederticnop, woruldcandel0 P, wuldorgimop, wyncandel 0 P .Arc of the sun: sunbogaoa .8ddng place of sun: set, setl .(Of sun) act of aetting: setlgang, setlung, sunset• .Of the. sun: sunlie .(Of sun) rising: uppeomende .(Of sun) having risen: upsprungen .(Of sun) setting: setlgangende0 .(Of SUD) to set: setlan

See 05.11.04 Day and night; 05.11.04.01.01 Dawn; 05.11.04.02.01 Sunset

01.02.01.01.04 Moon: lyftfsct°P, mOna .Full moon: se fulla mOna .Hom, pointed exbemlty of moon: horn .Of the moon: mOnelic •Waxing: weaxiende .Full: full •Waning: wanigende 01.02.01.01.05 Comet: cometa, cometa se steom 17

01.02.01.01.06 Heavenly light 01.02.01.01.06 Heavenly light: heofoncandelP, heofonleoht, heofontungol .Flery light: fyrcn topp •Whirlpool of fire: edwylm0 P 01.02.01.01.07 An eclipse: isprung(en)nes, eclypsis0 , onsprungennes0 g, upsprungennes0 01.03 Air surroonclin& earth, abnospbere: lyft, uplyftP .Airy, aerial: lyften, lyftlic See 03.01.15 Vapour. air 01.03.01 Weather, condition of abnospbere: weder, wederung°, gewidere •Variation of weather: wederiwendednes0 g .Unseasonable weather: untidgewiderc0 .To exhibit a chanae of weather: wederian 01.03.01.01 Hot, 8ne weather: h2te, h~tu .Torrid zone: ~te ,S11mmer beat: sumorh~te, sumorhit0P ..Doa days: hiredagas' .A day of 8ne weather: wederd&g°P .Sunshine: sumorswegel 0 P, sunbeam, sunnan leoma, sunnan sclma .Warmth, sunninas: hleownes0 g, hleowp .Sunny: sigelbeorhtP, sigeltorht0 P, sunwlitig0 P .aear, not doudy: hlutor .Calm: col, fa:ger, gla:d, smylte, smyltlicS •.As the sea: meresmylte0 P .(Of weather) to be fine: gewiderian See 03.01.09 Heal 01.03.01.02 Dry weather: drygnes .Aridity: ~pa, hepung .I>rought:driigop,driigung ..Autumn drought: a:fterhZpa0 .A dust-doud: dustswearm0 g .(Of weather) dry: dryge .Without dew: undbw 0 01.03.01.03 Bad weather: mis(ge)widere, ungetemprung°g, un(ge)widere, ungewiderung° .Rough, violent: hreoh, stearc, stymlic, swiJ>, swiJ>feorm, swiJ>lic 18

01.03.01.04.01 Frost

-Escessively rough: ofcrgeswincfull0 .(or ships) weatberboancl: wedcrfacst° •Vlolendy: grimme .To become rough: hreogan° 01.03.01.03.01 Storm, tempest: fort>swebbung&, hreoh, hreohnes, oferweder, rij>nes, storm, unsmyltnesog, un(ge)weder, un(ge)widere .Hurricane: gestun, yst .Storm of wind: windr&soS .Storm of l"llin, bail, mow: bri1>0 P, sciir, wintergeweorp, wolcengehnist0 P .Stormy: cwildbzre, hreohful 0 , scUrflh, stormig, ystig .Stormily, tempestuously: scyrmzlum0 .In a manner indicatina stonm: unwederlrce0 8 .To storm, be stormy: styrman, ystanS .To drive, beat: bedrrfan 01.03.01.03.01.01 Tbanderlna, thunder: &>unor. &>unring0 •Thunder from north: nor&>&>unor 0 .Thunder-clap: slege, &>unontd, l>unorslege, &>unorsliht0 .Tbutulery: &>unorlic8 .To thunder: tonian°, (ge)l>unrian 01.03.01.03.01.02 Liptninc: fYr, heofonfYr, leoma, ligetung°S, lihting,

onzletOK, rynegiest°P, wildefYr Jllasb, 1bvke ofliptning: bladesung, tyres scotung, liget, ligetsleht, slieht .Cc:.1 oscation, &'om of lightning: glitenungs, lfgetracsc0 , ligrzsc, ligrzsc(et)ung&, lixende, racscet(t)ungs .fluhlng: lixende 01.03.01.04 Wintry weather, cold: winter .Coolness, cold, frost: ciele .Perpetual cold: sincalduP .Morning cold: morgenceaJd°P .Cool, cold: ceald, c61 •Wintry: wintrig -Wintry-cold: winterbiterP, wintcrcealdP .Icy-cold: hrimceaJd0 P .Exccuively cold: ungemetceald0 P

See 03.0/.11 Coldness 01.03.01.04.01 Frost: forst, gefyrst° 19

01.03.01.04.02 Ice

.Hoar frost: beolcaog, brim, hrimforstg -Fall of: hrimcs dryrc .Frosty: forstig/fyrstig .Frosty,rbny:hrimig .Covered in frost: hrinde0 P .To cover with frost: behriman°P

01.03.01.04.02 Ice: is .ldde: cielegicelP, gicel(e), hrimgiceJ0 P, iscs gicel .Icy bond: isgebind0 P, wegrlpq .Icy, glacial: giceligg, isig, isibt° .Frw.en: forstlic0 g _FJw.en bard: hrimigbeard0 P .To f1eeze: (ge)freosan See Ol.OJ.03.02 /ce

01.03.01.05 Wind: weder, wind .Puff of wind: pyffO .Breeze: bwit>a, lyft, geJ>yllog .Blast, gust: bl~. blzst. windbland0 P ..Sudden gust: fzrblzd0 P .Strong wind: byrc0 g .Cool/cold wind: celnes .Violent wind, whirlwind: J>oden .Blowing of the wiocl: bliwung .Windy: ibhtst. bliwende, windbZre0 S , gewinde0 , windhladens, windig .(Of wind) bot, sultry: swolig ..Drying: dryge .Favourable: ambyrc, gesundig/-syndig, gesundiglic .(Of wind's movement) pndy, mUdly: smylte .Blown-down, wind-felled: windfylled0 .To blow: (ge)bliwan, forbliwan, gespurnan, wiwan •To wait for wind: gewidora bidan 01.03.01.05.01 Winds from particular points: .Headwind, canlhwl wind: ~odwind .North wind: norp(an)wind, rihtnort>anwind0 ..North-east wind: eastannort>anwind0 g, castnorJ>windg, nort>ancastanwind8 ..Nonh-west wind: nort>anwestanwindog, westnort>windg .SOuth wind: sOl>(an)wind 20

01.03.01.06.02 Rain ..SOUtb-ast wind: eastansiiJ>anwindoS, siiJ>aneastanwind°', sii1>Ca5terne wind

-South-west wind: siiJ>anwestwind(a), westansiit>anwindll, westsiil>windll .East wind: wt(an)wind .West wind: west(an)wind 01.03.01.06 0oud: heofODWOlcen, lyft. lyfthelmP, genip, sceo0 P, wzgfret0 P, wolcen .aoucls: lagus~ ful, lyftedor 0 P ..Mass of cloud-troops: hlol>gccrod0 P .Fine-weather cloud: wederwolcen°P .Storm-cloud: genip .SC:Udding of clouds: wolcenfaruP .Ooudy: genipfull°' .(or cloud) low-lying: neowol .aoud-making: wolcenwyrcende0 B .To overdoud, grow dark: ~strian, (ge)t>uhsian .To lower (u a cloud): seomianP 01.03.01.06.01 aouc1, mist: gesweorc .Mist: mist .Coverina of mist: misthelm0 P ..Mist coverina the slain: wzlmistP .Misty gloom: mistglom0 P .Misty slope: misthlil> .Misty: mistig .To mist, mist over: mistian, ofermistian°11 01.03.01.06.01.01 Dew: deaw, deawung°B .Dewy, bedewed: gedeaw, deawig, deawigendlic0 11 01.03.01.06.02 Rain: regn, wzter .Drop of rain: rendropa0 .5easonable rain: tidrCn° ..Autumn rain: hrerfestwzta0 .Morning rain: morgenren°P .Deadly rain (causing ftoods): wzlregn°P .shower, fall of rain: drCopungs, drCorung, dropena dreorung, hryre, regn, rensciir, sciir(a) -Winter shower: wintersciir 0 P _(or shower) swishing sound: sumsendc0 P .Downpour, heavy rain: gytc, heofonfloo0 , rrescs 21

01.03.01.06.03 Hail, shower of hail .Rainbow: boga, renboga, scilrboga0 P .Rainy: renig, renlic, wl!t -Torrential: deor .To rain: regniang, (ge)rinan -To rain heavily, pour: dreopiang, reotan _(Of rain, etc.) to fall: (ge)dreosan .To wet with rain: gerinan

01.03.01.06.03 Hail, shower of hail: hagol, hagolsciir .Hailstone: gicelstang, hagol, hagolstin .Hailstorm: gicelgeblandg, hagolfaru0 P .Producing bail: hagolberende0 g .To hail: hagolian 01.03.01.06.04 Snow: sniw(a}, wintergew~de .Snow-storm: sniw, sniwgebland0 .Snowy: sniwig°, sniwlic .To snow: sniwan •To cover with snow: besniwian°S

0

22

P

02.01.02 Gift of life

2. Life and Death 02 Creation: forpgcsceaftP, fymweorcP, gcsceaft, woruldgcsceaft .Created world: ealdgeweorcP, landgcsceaftOP, leoht, gcsceaft. geSOOip, woruldgesceaft -'l'hinc, substance in: wise -To exist: beon/wesan, wesan .Created thinp, creatures: gcsceaft, woruld, woruldgesceaft ..AU of creation: eallwiht -Race. species: (ge)cynd -Race of mortals: feorhcynnP ..Liviq being, creature: eorpgesceaftOP, feorh, feorhberendP, feorhbora0 P. ftl!sc, frumsceaft, gesceaft, geSOOlp, t>ing, wiht -Noble creature: beahgcsceaft0 P -New creature: edsceaft -Earthly creature: woruldsceaftP -Hnm•n creature: mann -Rational creature: gcsceaft See 02.03.01 People 02.01 Existence, life: ctwist, edwist, gist, lif, wunung .Being, eaence of a thing: iweosung°&, iwesnis0 &, wist .Of/concerning life, Yitai: feorhlic0 &, liflic .Eaenti•lly: wesendlfce .To oist, last: beon/wesan, wesan 02.01.01 Life, Yitai put: bled, ealdorP. feorh, feorhlif0 P. lif .Life (u poaasion): lif .Dependence OD sustenance: )ff 02.01.01.01 Soul, spirit: feorh, feorhhordP, gist, ort>ung, siwol, siwolhordP See 06 Spirit, soul, heart; 16.0/ .03 Spectre, ghost 02.01.02 Gift of life: feorhgiefu0 P .GiYing life: liffzst, lifwelle0 & .SO as to give life: liftrce .To make alive, qukken: (ge)cwician, (ge)liffcstan ••With breath: t>urhbliwan°& -With speech: onsprecan ..Act of quidenin1: strangung 23

02.01.02.01 That lives, living 02.01.02.01 That lives, llvin&: cwic, cwiclic0 ' . cwiclifigendeP. feorbeacen°P. gangende, libbende, liffzst, lifiende, liftic, gesiwelod .And moving: cwichrerende0 P .SO as to have life: lifes. on/to life .Eager to live: feorhfzgen° .Half-alive: healfcwic .To have life: ilibban, (ge)libban 02.01.02.02 To come to life, have life: acwician, cwician, (ge )libban .And breath: (ge)bliwan. or~ian .And sight: geseon .To stay, keep alive: ibidan, geliffzstan 02.01.02.02.01 Condition of life: ealdorgesceaft0 P, lif .Manner of life: lif .Means of life: lifen .Pl~t life: deaJ>licnes, woruld, woruldlif .Life to come: o)>er lif 02.01.02.02.02 Lifetime: ealdorleguP, lif, lifdzg, liffzc, liflid, lifgesceaftP. woruld .To live, pus one's clays: ilibban, beferian, gebidan, teores neotan, (ge)libba'n, lifes neotan, wunian .To live to see, stay alive, not die: ilibban, (ge)bidan, gelibban .To pass through, withstand, survive: gedigan, oferfaran .To oudast, oudive, survive: oferbfdan, oferlibban .To arrive at, attain: becuman tO, gebidan See 02.01.04 Age

02.01.03 Fndtfulness, fertility: berendnes'. wzstm, wzstmbzmes, wzstmbzro0 • wzstmberendnes0 .Fertile, fruitful, fecund: berende, !acniende, gOd, swij>feonn, t&mful, tiiddorfuli, tiidorfzst0 i , wzstmberende, wzstmfzstq, wzstmlic0 i , wridende - Productive of food, fndtful: wistful0 , wistgifende0 i .With fecundity: berendlice0 ' .To flourish, be productive: wridan, (ge)wridian -(Of man, right, etc.) to flourish: edblowan°i . rogian°P .To make flourish: gebetan .To be fruitful, bear, produce: beran, tydr(i)an. gewzstmbZriani, wzstmian, weaxan

24

02.01.03.03.01 To beget .Fruitful, fertile, productive: wzstmbl!re

.Fertility, abundance of off.spring: tiiddorsped°P ..Prolific, provided with off.spring: cydred ..Promise of numerous off.spring: womgchit°P 02.01.03.01 Fertility, plenty: eort>wela .Lasbnea, richness: geSl!lignes ..Lash, rich: welig .(Of land) rich, 8'dtainlng: swi]>feonn .(Of land) to produce vegetation: growan .Producing people: mannbl!re0 02.01.03.02 Bai 1ennc11, lterillty: unberendness, unwzstmbremes, unwzstmberendnes0 , unwzstmfzstnes0 , wl!dl .Sterility, weakness: tydrung°« .Baaaen, unproductive: gl!sne, geldcS, ort)idre, stedig, unberende, unbcniendlicS, unspedig, untydrende0 , untymende, unwzstmbrere, unwzstmberendlic0 , unwzstmfzst, wzstml&s ..(Of land) barren, unproductive: dCadwylle0 , deaf, weste .To remain unused/unproductive: licgan .Not p1egnant/fertillzed: unbcen°S, ungehefegod0 S See 01.01.02.01.06 Wild land 02.01.03.02.01 Bu1enness, aridity: sealtness, sealtszlel>aS .Dryness from bea~ parched condition: hrel>og 02.01.03.03 Sex, generation: gesceaft, gesceap, tydrung .Internal gene1ation: insceaft, geogulJcnosJ0 P ..Producing fruit/offspring: tiiddorteondeP .To bring forth young: canian, hwelpian°' ..Bringing forth of young: forph!dnes0 , t0stor, la!dnes0 ..One who brings forth, a mother: iicennicgeS, bearncennicgeS, byrl>re, cennestre, mOdor .To bring forth, bear: lberan, (ge)beran, (ge)Cacnian, gehrifianS, oncennan, tieman ..To produce cblldrm: beam habban, (ge)cennan, cild habban, tieman ..To have a cblld by: tieman be 02.01.03.03.03 Birth: icen(ned)nes, lcenning, (ge)beorJ>or, gebyrd, cennes, cenning, forpcyme, frumicennes0 s, frumbyrd. frumsceaft, iipspring .To be born: lspringan of, iwacan, iwzcn(i)an, cuman up, forpcuman. onwacan, onwaecn(i)an, wacan, wzcnan

26

02.01.03.03.06 Sex, kind

.Born: icenned. geboren, fort>AtYdredog ..Pcwthwnously born: cfterboren ..Bom alive: fullboren "Late born: sJl>borens "Uabom: unboreo See 02.06.01.07 Breeding 02.01.03.03.03.01 Child-bearing, childbirth: bearngebyrda0 P, (ge )byrd, byrdscype0 P, cennes, (ge)Cacnung, team •Time of bringing forth: cenningtid .A midwife: beorJ>orJ>inen°, beorl>~ineou, ~inen .Bearing of male children: cnihtgebeorpor 0 , hysebeorpor, hyseberJ>lings, hysebyrdiog ..A woman who bean a son: hyseberJ>re0 S, sunucennicgeS .A slow birth: lctbyrd°P .A diflkult birth: swerbyrd0 P .An imperfect birth: Jambyrd0 P .A mbcarriqe: misbyrdS .An abortion: zwyrp, iwegiworpnes0 • beorporcwelm0 S 02.01.03.03.03.02 Nunioa, child·feecling: cildtedende0 g .A wet-nurse: cildtestre, cildfOstre See 04.01.02.04.03 Feeding, nourishing 02.01.03.03.04 Offspring, race, breed, famUy, children: tiidor .Progeny, offspring: bearnteam, byrdling0 S, cnOsl, cynrcn, geeacnung, eormensuynd0 P, fcslP, forcneowog, forccennednes0 g, forecneowrcss , forccynredog. forccynrcns . magotimber p. magotildor p. manncaca0 • dd, stofn, wcstm ..LlYiog generations: wOcor P ~umber of offspring: cneowrimP .Delceod•nts, progeny, race: gecynd, cynn, sZdswomog, team See 02.03.02 Family/household 02.01.03.03.0S Rebirth/regeneration: efticenn(ed)ness, eftcneoreso0 g .Rebom: eftlcennedS,eftborcns .To regenerate: geedbyrdanP .To revive, nfreab: gehiertan 02.01.03.03.06 Sa, kind: (ge)cynd, cynn, had .A sex: cynn 27

02.01.04 Age ..Male sex: wepnedcynn, wepnedhid, werhid ...Male sexuality: wzpnedhad° -A male: wer -Female sex: wifcynn, wffhid ~ female: wif ..Hermaphrodite: bZ:ddelll. scritta'. wepnedwifestre0 11

See 02.03.01.01 Male person; 02.03.01.02 Female person 02.01.04 Age: gear, gcargeta:I, ieldo .Life-span, days of one's life: d~g. dzghwfl0 P, dagas, dogor, dogorrim,

ealdordzgP, endebyrdnes, feorhdagas0 P, gcaras, gcardagas, ryne, tiddzgP, woruldstund0 P .Having a certain age: eald -Older: ieldra -Oldest: forj>mest, ieldest -Younger: gingra -Youngest: gingest _Of specifk age (numerical order): inwintre, twiwintre, j>rfgcare, J>risumerq, J>riwintrc, tcowerwintre0 , fifwintrcll, seofonwintre, eahtawintre, nigonwintre0 , tienwintrc, tiengewintred0 , twelfwintre, J>reotinegcare0 , teowertienewintre0 , sixtynewintre0 , seofontienewintre0 , eahtatynewintre0 , twentiggcare0 , twentigwintre0 , J>ritigwintre, fiftigwintre0 , sixtigwintre, hundseofontiggcare0 , hundseofontigwintre0 , hundeahtatigwintre, hundnigontiggcare0 , hundnigontigwintre0 , inhundwintre0 , hundteontiggcare, hundteontigwintre0 , hundwintre, hundtwelftigwintre0 , hundtwentigwintre0 , J>reohundwintre0 , seofonhundwintre0 02.01.04.01 Youth: frumildoOI!, geoguj>, geoguJ>feorhP, geoguj>hid,

geoguJ>hidnes, geonglicnes0 , magogeoguj>0 P, niwnes .Youthful qualities/nature: geoguJ> .Infancy, the cradle: cildcradul .Childhood: cildgeoguJ>, cildhid, cildyldu0 ..Boyhood: cnihthid, cnihtiugol> .Youth as period of immaturity: geoguJ> - Young, immature, balfgrown: mearu, samgung 0 , samweaxen°. ungeweaxenll, unweaxenP, ungewintred0 .Boyish, childish, youthful: cnihtlic, geong .Young: cnihtgeong0 P, geoguj>Jic, geong, geonglic -A strong youth: J>ryj>beam0 P

28

02.01.04.03 Aging, growing old ••Being a child/youth: cnihtwesende, umborwesendeP ..Childish, )'OUJll: cildgcoog, cildisc, cildlic, frum)>yldeS ..Little/tender of age: lytel, mearu ..Newborn: oiwaniicenned0 , niwcend0 , niweme0 .Young again: cdgcoog See 02.03.01.04 Child 02.01.04.02 To grow, grow up: full growan, (ge)weaxan

.To approach maturity: growan •To grow up: asti)>ian°' for)>framian°S' gconglitcan, (ge))>Con .To be grown up: gesupod beon/wcsan .Grown to maturity, full grown: fullweaxen, ranc .Grown up, adult: ge)>ogen, geweaxcn, werlic, gcwintred .Mature yean, manhood: streng)>(u) .Maturity: a:fteryld0 P, ripnes, ripung, gc)>ungennes ..Mature: caldlic, fullripod0 , gc)>ungcn .Middle-age: midfcorh, midfeorwe, midferh()>)0 , midfyrhtnes0 ..Middle-aged: midfcorh .Mature penons, elden: dugu)> 02.01.04.03 Aging, growing old: ealdung

.Growing old: ealdigende .To grow old: ealdian, gomelian°P, onealdianS ..To grow old/feeble with age: aealdian, clingan, ealdian, forealdian .Old age: ealddom0 , caldncs, forealdung0 S, icldo, langieldoq ..Great age: forildu ..Extreme old age: forwcorenness , ofcryldu, oryldu ..Old age, decrepitude: forwerodness .(Of age) advanced, old: forwerod, langfzre, gelefed ..Decaying: onsigende .(Of beinp, etc.) old, of great age: eald, gamolP, gamolferh)>0 P, ofergeare, gewintrcd ..Old, venerable: caldlic, ealdge)>ungcn° ••Very old: geomorfr0d0 P, infrOdP, ofcreald, oreald ••Long-lived: langlife, lffiic ••Too old: a:tcaldod0 .To be advanced In yean: for)>gin .Wom out with age: forcaldod, forworcn See 02.03.01.08 Old man; 02.03.01.09 Old woman

29

02.02 Death

02.02 Death: deaJ>, swyltP .Act of dying, decease: deaJ>, ende, (ge)endung, gchror, hryrc, lyre, swyltP ..As loss of life: fcorhlcguP, fcorhlyre0 , lifteast, Jiftyre0 ..As end of life: caldorbcaJuP, cndedcap0 P, cndclif0 P, fcorhcwaJuP, fcorhcwcalmP, swyltdea1>0 P ..As loss of body: lichryre0 P •.As separation: dcapgcdil0 P, caldorgediiJP, feorhgedfilP, fril>gediiJ0 P, lifgcdil, tolysncs .-From a lord: ):>eodengcdfil0 P - With compulsion: nydgcdfilP -Separation from the soul: gistgedaJP, siwlung°, siwolgcdaJP -.And the world: woruldgedil ..Death as departure: cllorsiJ>0 P, ferhl>weg°P, foij>Ieredncs0 , foij>tering°, foij>lor, foij>geleorednes0 , foij>sige0 , foij>si}>, foij>wegP, geonsi}>0 , heonansi}>, hingang, hinsij>P, geleor(ed)nes, si}>, tofrer 0 S, iitsi}>, gewitendnes -Hateful departure: lij>siJ>0 P ...Departure of particular kind: bealusij>P, neosiJ>0 P, wrelweg0 P ...Departure with compulsion: nidfaru 0 P ..Great mortality: ofercwcalm0 See 05.J I.OJ.OJ Mutability 02.02.01 Particular mode of death: dcap .Death with torment: pinecwalu, siislcwalu .Death by violence: cwcalmbealu0 P, deaJ>cwaJuP, wrelcwealm0 P .Death in battle: giil>deaJ>0 P, wreldeaJ>0 P .Deathatsea:meredeaJ>P .Marvellous death: wundordcap0 P ,Premature death: zrdcap0 P .Sudden death: fzrdeaJ> .Cup of death: deaJ>wege0 P .Passion: 1>rowung ..To suffer: (ge)l>rowian .Agony of death: deaJ>cwaluP, swyltcwalu 02.02.02 Liability to death, mortality: cwcalm, deal>licnes, morp .Mortal: deal>lic .Occurrence of death: dcaplicnes ..Time of death: endetima •..Day of death: dcapdreg, endedreg, endedogorP, swyltdregP 30

02.02.03.02 State of being dead

-Hour of death: swylthwflP ..Place of death: cwealmstede°', dhl>stedc0 P, ~wang°P -Valley of death: d~nuP -Rall of death: ~wrc P ...Death-bed: hildbedd0 P, mort>orbedd0 P, neobeddP 0

02.02.03 To die, perish: Acwelan, uwindan, gefeallan, forswealtan, forwcort>an. (ge)losian .To die: ld!adian, utcorfan, uweltan, becwelan°, belifan, cwelan, deadian, diagan°P, (ge)dreosan, gcendian, forweort>an (to), steorfan, sweltan, otx:welan° ..lmolvin&journey: gefiran, gefCran, fCran forj>, forfaran, forteran, forli!tan, forsi}>ian°P, forl>(ge)faran, forl>(ge)fCran, forj>geleoran, gegin, glidan, hwcorfan, leoran, tostencan, witan, gewitan of lice ..Sagesdng loss: feorh igiefan, fcorb losian, fcorh gesellan, lif gcendian, linnan ealdre, unztnessa gebidan ..Involving separation from tbe soul: gut igiefan, g~st ofgiefan, gut onsendan, sawlian ..Forfeitiq life: heafdes l>olian ..In battle: set hilde gcdreosan, ifeallan, (ge)cringan, (ge)feallan, gchrCosan, licgan ..By buming: swclan ..By drowning: ldrincan, (ge)drencan -And choking: undcrdrencan°g -To perish, founder: gcdeorfan 02.02.03.01 In procca of dyina: farendc, forj>fCrende, framweard, rus, hinfllsP, waelfnsop .About to die: deadlic, mCJ>c, sweltcndlicl .Struggling for life: lifbysig0 P .In exbem.ls: fram d~ lil>c. on ftmcstum si}>e .Fut to death: fylwerig°P Mortally wounded: ellcnseoc0 P, fcorhseoc0 P. hildcblacq ..And doomed: fzge, slegcfzgc0 P ..Not fated to die: unfiegc .Half-dead: hcalfcwic, hcalfdead, simcwic, simstorfcn°g .Deathwards: heonan, unlffcs0 02.02.03.02 State of helng cleacl: d!al>, d!al>scufa0 g, leger, sl~p .Dad person: se licgcndc 31

02.02.03.03 Appointed death, doom

-Who is a departed friend: geowine0 P .In state of death, dead: ileged, isprungen, belifen, dead, f~ge, g~sne, lifteas, geswogen, unlifi(g)ende ••Involving separation: ealdorleas, gistleas, orsiwle, siwolleas, woruldead0 P -Involving journey: gefaren, forl>(ge)faren, fort>fered, fort>geleored 0 , fort>weard, geleoren ••Involving wearinas: deapwerig°P, limwerigP ..(Of animal) dead: myrten, styrfig .To be dead: licgan ••To sleep in death: gerestan, slrepan, swefan ••To be gathered to bis people: beon/wesan gelogod to his folcum .Still-born: deadboren See 02.04.01 Dead body 02.02.03.03 Appointed death, doom: deapwyrd0 S, endesta:f, rnetodsceaftP, wyrd .Penon doomed to death/whose time appointed: deapfl!ge0 P. tidfara0 P See 05.04.01 Fate 02.02.03.04 Spiritual death: deap, swylt, unlif .To endure spiritual death: losian 02.02.04 Killing, violent death, destruction: cwalu, cwealmbli:mes .Deadliness, destructiveness: deaj>bremess .Killing, slaughter: acwellednes0 S, cwealrn, gyte b!Odes, mancwealm, siege, slieht, gesnid, snide, snij>ung •Violent death, slaughter: beaducwealm0 P, bealucwealm0 P, cring°P, deapcwealrn°P, ecgwa:J 0 P, feorhbealuP. fiell, garcwealrn°P. giij>scearu0 P, hryre, wighryre0 P .Death caused by sword: sweordbealo0 P .Sudden death: deaj>rres0 P, hrify11°P .Carnage: ibreotnes0 S, forslihtS, inwitscear 0 P, wa:l, wa:lfilJP, wa:lsce1°P, wa:lsliht •.Destruction of men: mannrnyrring0 •.Destruction/killing by night: nihtbealu0 P ••Bloodshed: bloodrync0 , bloogyte, heapuswatP ••Place of carnage: hra:wic0 P, rninfeld 0 • wa:lbeddP. wrelstow -FiWabundance of slaughter: wa:lfyllu0 P .The slain: wrel ..Killed, slaughtered: deaj>cwylrnendeog, fordon, forslegen, onsa:ge 32

02.02.04.03 To kill, slay -Not sl•in~ unofslegen° -Slainltbe slain: beliden, ofslegen See 02.04.06.08.01 Blood

02.02.04.01 Cause/occasion of death: bana, deap .Power causing death: wzlcreft"P •Wound causing death: feorhbenn°P, feorhdo(g°P, feorhwund0 P, syndolh0 P,

wzlbenn°P .Death-stroke: deaJ>slege0 P, drepe, wzlhlem0 P, wzlsweng°P .Deaclly boacl, embrace: heorufzt>m0 P, wzlbend0 P, wzlclomm0 P, wzlfzt>m0 P .Death-bringing tree: deapbeaJn°P .Deadly flame: wzlfJrP .Battle icicle: hildcgiceJ 0 P .Causing death: l!tren, cwcalmberc, cwcalmbercndlicog, cwcalmlic0 , (gc)cwildfuJlll, gecwylmfuJ 0 11l, deadlic, dl-al>bzrc, deapberlic0 , wzlbleat'P .SO as to cause death: dl-adlicc .Boding death: dcapbeacnigende 02.02.04.02 Murderous, bloodtblnty: blOdgeotcndclll, cwcalmbl!rc,

cwildrofop, deapbercndc, hcorugifreP, heorugntdigP, hrigifrc0 11l, mo$>rhycgcndc0 P, myrpu0 P, wzlfeJ0 P, wzlgifrcP. wl!lgntdig, wzlgrim, waelslftcndc 02.02.04.03 To kill, slay: ibrccan, ibrcdwian°P, ibreotan, licwcllan,

licwylman, ifyllan, igeotan blOd, ilccgan, imierran, istyrfan, iswcbban, belifian, blOd gcspillian, (ge)cwcllan, (ge)cwiclman, cwylmian, gcdcadian"lll, gedct>anlll, dydan, gccndian, fonh1gian, fordon, forfaran, forslean, forswcfianlll, forwcgan°P, gctan°P, lecgan, ofislean, offcallan, offyllan, ofslean, oncwcaldan°11l, onsendan, ongeslean, onswebban, ot>J>ringan feorMif, rCodanP, spillan, (ge)swebban, to deap gcdon, wzl gcslean .To kill outright: full slean .To kill by thrust: of istingan, ofstician, ofstingan, slzhtan, (ge)slean, stician •To kill with hu.rled weapon: ofsc!otan .To kill by crushing: hcafod brccan .To cut down, slaughter. forhcawan -To slaughter an innocent: gcmart(y)rian .To kill by drowning: Adrencan, (gc)drcncan, (gc)sencan 33

02.02.04.03.01 A killer

..Ad of drownina: rysmian, iwiergan, forsmorian, ofsmorian, ofl>ylman°, smorian ..Choking, suffocation: iismorung° ..That bas been staangled/smothered: forsmored ..To kill a child by overlaying: ofticgan See 04.06.02.06 Poison 02.02.04.03.01 A killer: bana, cwealmcuma0 P, cwellend, cwcllere, cwylmcnd, cwylmere, ecgbana0 P, handbanaP, ordbana0 P, w~lslihta .As life-destroyer: ealdorbana0 P, feorhbana, ferhJ>bana0 P .As devourer: miiJ>bona0 P .As sbedder of blood: bloogeotend0 S .As spirit of death: d~scua0P 02.02.04.04 Manslaughter, bomidde: banweorc0 , mancwealmness, mannslege, manslieht, moipcwalu0 , morJ>dltd, morpor, morporbealu0 P, morporcwalu0 , morporcwealm0 P, morporslagu', morl>orslegc0 , mor1>( or)sliht, myiprung°S .As mu.rder: morJ>, wertihtlc ..By group member: hloJ>sliht .To commit murder/manslaughter: lmyiprian, forferian°, formyrJ>rian, manslean°1, ofmyiprian° .Murderer, killer: itorsceaJ>aP, dzdbana, mannmyipra0 , manslaga. moip, mor1>(or)slaga, morl>(or)wyrhta, myipra, slaga ..Of child: beammyipra ..Of priest: m~sscrbana , sicerdbana ..Of thief: l>Cfslcgc0 , t>Cofsliht° 0

02.02.04.04.01 Murder ofa relative: mtegcwalm0 s, mzgmorpor 0 s, mzgJ>morpor 0 S, m~gslaga, m~gsliht .Murderer of relative: mzgbana0 , ~gmyipra, mzgJ>myrJ>ra' .Murder of brother: broJ>orcwealm0 P, broJ>orslege, broJ>orsliht0 ..Murderer of brother: broJ>orbana0 P, broJ>orslaga

34

02.02.05 A burial, burying

Murderer of father: faederslaga' Murderer of mother: m0dorslaga0 g 02.02.04.04.02 Suidde: selfcwalu0 P, selfmyrprung .To commit suicide: offcallan, spildan .One wbo commits suidde: igenslaga, selfbanag, selfcwala, selfmyrpra0 g 02.02.04.04.03 Putting to death: (o), hOhing° -To bang, be cnadfied: ihangian°g, hangian, (ge)hOn -Ranged: onhangen .To gore to death: ofhnitan .Death by reading: slitcwcalm .To scalp: behaettian .To stone to death: ofstaenan°, oftorfian, ofweorpan, ofworpian .To tread to death: oftredan° See 14.05.02 Tonnenl; 14.05.05.01.01 Crucify; 16.01.01.04.02.02 Crucifixion; 16.02.04.16 Martyrdom 02.02.04.04.04 To slaughter (an animal): ofsrupan, sni)>an .To cut up, disembowel: holdian -To disembowel, eviscerate: Asdotan, onsceotang .slaughter of pigs: sticung -(Of pig) stuck, stabbed: ofsticod .slaughter of sheep: ofslegennes0 g .slaughterhouse: holdingstow 0 .Stock, stabbed: ofsticod 02.02.05 A burial, burying: bebyrg(ed)nes, bebyrgung, byrgen, byrging, byrignes .Of/concerning burial: hriwlic0 g, liclic0 g .To bury, lay (to rest): lecgan, onswebban, gesettan -To bury, inter: bebyrgan, bedelfan, befaestan, beteolan, bemyldang, (ge)byrgan,delfan

35

02.02.05.01 Place of burial Mlgnominiously,in unconcecrated ground: on rulan lecgan .Entombment: nil>erlecgung° ••To place in a tomb: gelogian .To lie buried: licgan, (ge)rcstan .Unburied: unbcbyriged, unbyrged .To exhume: gedon iip, niman iip 02.02.05.01 Place of burial: byrgenstow, legerstow, licburg8, licrest,

licstow 0 , lictiin .Churchyard as: cirichege 02.02.05.01.01 A grave, burial place, sepulchre: (ge)byrgen, byrignes,

d!aj>bedd0 P, d!aj>ra:ced0 P, eorpa:m, eorpbyrgen, eorJ>grap0 P. eorpscra:f, foldzmP, foldgra:f P, foldra:st0 P, ga:rsbedd0 P, gra:f, gra:thiis0 P, grype, landrest0 P, leger, legerbedd, moldzmP, moldgra:fP, moldstow 0 8, pytt, rest, sandhof0 P, sepulcer, wa:lrcstP .A gravedigger: byrgend .A secret grave: diegol, heolstorcofa0 P .A consecrated grave: clzne legere .A tomb, coffin: byrgels, byrgennes, cist, licbcorg8, lfcrcst, licJ>riih, ofer(ge)weorc, J!Costorloca0 P, J>riih, ymbfa:stnung0 8 ••To put In a coffin: cystian .A burial mound: bcorg, bcorghliJ>P, hlzw, morJ>crundel 0 .A pyre: ad, b~I. bzlfYrP, wa:lfYrP ••Place Of a pyre: bltlstede0 P "Wood for: bzlwudu0 P "F1ame of: adleg0 P. bzlwylm0 P ..Smoke from: wudurec0 P See 03.01.09.02.01.01 Fire 02.02.05.02 To prepare for burial: bchweorfan

.Preparation for burial: dC&l>J>Cnung, licJ>Cnung .Laying-out: licJ>Cnung .Grave-clothes: gew~(e) "Winding-sheet: deadhra:gJ 0 8, lichra:gl, oferbrl!dels, sciete -For head: heafodclij> .A bier: b~r. licrcst .A corpse bearer: byrgere8, licmann .Lying-in of body before burial: leger 02.02.05.03 To attend the dead: bestandan

36

02.03.01.01 Male person, man •Watching over the dead: heafodweard .Visit to a grave: diistsceawung0 .A place of mourning: wopstow ..A day of mourning: heofungdzg .An epitaph: byrgelsleoJ>oS, byrgelssang', byrg(en)leot> .A dirge, lament: byrgelssang'. byrgensangs. ftlsleot>P , geomorgiddP, heafsangs. licleoJ>S. licsang, myrgeleoJ>0 .To toll the k....U: cnyllan

02.02.05.04 Baeavemmt: istyp(ed)nes .Bereaved: iscypt 02.03 Humankind: eormencynnP, eormenJ>Cod0 P, eorJ>cynn°P, eorJ>tiidor 0 P, eorpwerod, gumcynnP, gumJ>Cod0 P. mancynn, mennisc, middangeard, sigetiidor0 P, wercyn°P. woruld .Buman nature, humanity: lie, lichama, mennisc, mennisclicnes, menniscu0 .Buman: ftaclic, gemenelic, mennisc, mennisclic -Corporeally: ftl!sclice -Generally: geml!nelice .Humanly: mennisclice 02.03.01 People: dryht, dryhtgumanP, firasP , folc, ieldeP, leode, menn, mennisc, niJ>J>asP, J>Cod, (ge)waran, weras, werJ>CodeP .Human beina: feorh, guma, mann, manna, mennisc, woruldbeam0 P, woruldman Jndividual, pel"SOll: hid, sweg .Living person, body: hrZw, lif .Dweller(s) on earth: eorpbigenga0 , eorpbiiend, eort>ware, foldbiiende, grundbiiendP,berbiiendeP, landbiiendas, landbiiende,J>CodbiiendeP, woruldbilendeP, woruldwuniendeP ..Eartbborn: eorpcennedS .Spirit bearer: gistberendP, siwolberend0 P .A being with speech: reordberendP .Person of past days: fyrnmann°P, geomann .Person in latest age: endemann .To have (a brother, husband, etc.): habban See 02.01.03.03.06 Su, kind

02.03.01.01 Male person, man: zJ>elingP. beornP, earl, carlmann, ceorl, esne, folclgendeP, folcbeamP, folewer P, freomann, gumrincP. 37

02.03.01 .02 Female person, woman gumt>egen°P, lead, mzcgP, mzcga0 P, migaP, mann, witp(en)mann, wltpned, wltpnedmann, wer .Male: wltpenlicl, wltpned, werlic .In a male manner: werlice See 13.02.10.01 Warrior 02.03.01.02 Female person, woman: cwen, cwene, fitmne, freo0 P, frowe0 P,

ides, meowleP, wif, wifmann .Race of women: wifcynn .Fewule condition: wifhid .Female: wiftic .Wlfely,matronly: wiftic .In a female manner: wiftice 02.03.01.03 Eunuch:

if'Yred. belis(t)nod, cwenhirde 8, hwasta 8 0

0

02.03.01.04 Child: beam, gebyrd, gebyrl>en°, cild, lytling, magotimberP,

umbor 0 P, wencel .In cradle: cradolcild0 .Beloved: wiiscbeam0 8 .Of geode birth: freobeam .Intended for monastic life: munuccild .Male cblld: cnihtcild, hysecild, mago, mann, w~pnedbeam0 , witpnedcild .Female child: ml!dencild, wifcild0

See 02.01.04.01 Youth; 02.03.02.02 Offspring 02.03.01.0S Youth, boy, stripling: cn~pling, cnafa, cnapa, cniht, esne,

geonglic, geongling, hysebeorpor, magorincP •Whose beard bas just come: frumbyrdling .Princely: dryhtbeam0 P .(Collectively) the young: geogut> 02.03.01.06 Young man; geonga, hyse, hyserinc0 .In the manner of young men: hysewise0 8 02.03.01.07 Girt: fzmne, mzgden, m~gl> .Beloved/winsome maid: healsm~gef>0P, wynmzg0 P 02.03.01.08 Adult male: mann, wer .Old man: ealda 38

02.03.02.02.03 A son

02.03.01.09 Old wom•n: ealdwif, geomeowlc0 P 02.03.01.10 Dwarf: dwcorg' 02.03.01.11 Giant: cnt. cotenP, gigant. l>yrs .Race of giant: cntcynn° .Progeny of giant: gigantnu~cg°P

02.03.02 F•mUylboasebold: hired See 02.03.03 Household

02.03.02.01 Parent: icenncnd°', cennend, ealdor, icldra, migling .Father: feder Mother: icennicgcl, bcamcennicgcl, bYrl>rc, ccnnestre, ml>dor .Mother of a son: hysebcrl>rc0 ' , sunuccnnicgcl

02.03.02.02 Child, otr.pring: beam, byrcP, caforaP, tudor .Suacssor(s), posterity: acftercneorcso, acftergcngncs, acftcrwcardnes0 S, gccneor(c)ncs, cneorisn, cynn, cynrcn, cynrcsus, caforaP, framcymc0 P, framcynnP, ofspring .A ftnt-born cbUd: fruma, frumbcam, frumccnning°' ..Ji'lrst born: zrborcn°P, bctstOOl'CO, frumccnncd .A posthumous cbUd: unlifl -Posthumous:acfterborcn .Lawfully born: zwumborcn° .(Of Christ) only-begotten: iinborcnP, inccnncd .An orphan: steopbcam, stCQpdorlw0 See 02.01.03.03.04 Offspring; 02.03.01.04 Child 0

02.03.02.02.01 Twins: lffgctwinnan°P, gctwinnas .One of twins: gctwinn, gctwisa .Of/concerning twins: (gc)twinn 02.03.02.02.02 Triplets: gctwinnas 02.03.02.02.03 A son: m.igaP, sunu .A IOD, heir: yrf(c)wcard 39

02.03.02.02.04 A daughter 02.03.02.02.04 A dau&hter: dohtor .Own daughter: fr!odohtor 0 .Daughters: gcdohtra 02.03.02.02.05 Having the same parents: genu!ne, getwis .Consanguineous: geboren -Having the same father: gefzderen° -Having the same mother: gemCdred/gemedrcn -Child of one's own mother: m0dorcild0 P .A bastard: bastard0 , dOcS, dOcincelog ..Bastard son: homungsunu0 ' ..Bastard brother: homungbrot>or 0 ' .Bastard: cifesboren, dOcS -Bastard-born: sunderboren°' 02.03.02.02.05.01 Brother: brOt>or .Own brother: geboren brot>or, freobrot>or 0 P .From same father: fzderenbrot>or 0 P .By same marriage: zwenbrOt>or 0 1 .Brothers: gebrOt>or ..Full brothers: rihtgebro}>ru0 1 -Brothers pleasant in their lives: willgebrot>or0 P -Relationship between brothers: brot>orsibb .Of brothen, brotherly: brOt>orlic .Brotherless: brOt>orlcasP 02.03.02.02.05.02 Sister: sweostor .Sisters: gesweostor ••Gracious sisters: willgesweostor 0 P 02.03.02.03 A~y, descent: z}>elu, gebyni, gecneorednes, framcynnP, frumcynnP, woruldgebyrd .Line, lineage: rlpincel', strcng ..Lineal, ancestral: fzderlic .Side: hand, side .Generation, dqJee of descent: cneow ..Flnt. primal dcgaeei frumcneow 0 P .Genealogy: cynnreccenes', folctalu0 P, mtegburg, ml!ggewritq, ml!gracu 02.03.02.03.01 Ancestry, paternal ktmhlp: fedene}>eloP .Direct paternal dacent: rihtfzdrencynn 40

02.03.02.03.05 Descendant

or

.Male line dr:sceat: sperehand0 , spcrehealf 0 , wttpnedhand, wtepnedhealf0 .Father's side: fzderenhealf0 ..Paternal: fzdcren, fzdcrlic, forpfzdcren° 02.03.02.03.02 Maternal descent: m0dorcynn° .Dinct mother's line: rihtmedrcncynn°i .Female line descent: spinclheaJf0 , Wifhand, Wifhealf0 .Mother's side: m0dorhealf0 -Maternal: moodren, mooorlic

or

02.03.02.03.03 Fon.father, aacestor: terfzder 0 P. cneowmitgP. ealdfzder, forpfzdcr, icldra, ICodfrumaP .Male aacestor: fzdcr .Fan•le ancestor: ealde mooor, mOdor

or

02.03.02.03.04 (Of dqpees descent) great·, grand-: eald .Gnadfather: ealda fzdcr, ealdcfzdcr, icldra fedcr .Grandmother. ealde mOdor .Great grandfather: l>fidda feder, icldra fzdcr .Great grandmother: ~riddc mooor .Great 11 eat grandfather: teorpa fzdcr .Great 11eat gnndmother: teow• mOdor .Great 11eat 11eat grandfather: fifta fzdcr .Great 11 eat great grandmother: fifte mOdor 02.03.02.03.05 Desceadaat: iertcrgcnga, byreP, beam, gcongra, hyse, ncfa .Desceaclants (of a geaention): gecynnes', mitg~ .Fanale descendaat: dohtor .Successor, heir: listwcard, yrfcnuma .Grandson: ncfa, sunsunu0 ..Daughter's soa: dobtorsunu0 .Granddaughter: nefc, nift .Great grandson: ~ridda sunu .Great granddaughter: ~riddc dohtor .Great great grandsoa: leorpa sunu .Great great granddaughter: feor~ dohtor .Great great 11eat grandson: fifta sunu .Great great great granddau&hter: fifte dohtor 41

02.03.02.03.06 Kinship. relationship 02.03.02.03.06 Khwhip, relatiombip: cyj>j>u, ftl!sc, hid, ml!gn!den,

rntegsibb, ml!gj>hid, ml!gl>ntdcns, nfcdsibbS, sibb, sibgcbyrd0 P, gcsibncs0 S, sibreden .Related: bcsibb0 , cuj>, ftl!sclic, freondhcaldlic0 s, gelenge, mitgcii!>S, ml!glic, ~gsiblicoS, (ge)sibb ..According to the 8esh: ftl!sclrce .or another kin: clfrcmcd, frcmde, ungecynde 02.03.02.03.06.01 KlftSl•aan, relative: cneoWil'IZgP, ciil>a. freomzgP, freond,

gcdelingP, gegilda. gelanda. neodfreond0 , gesibb, (ge)sibling, woruldml!g°P Male relative: ml!g, ml!gmann° .Female relative: ml!g, miga .Paternal relative: fcdcrenml!g .Maternal relative: medrenml!g .Young relative: rntegcild, ml!gcnafa0 .Relative affording protection: hleowmi!gP .Next of kin: nrehsta .Natural heir or relative: ml!ghand .Kimfolk: cnosl, cyj>j>u, ml!gburg, ·ml!gj>sibboS ..To whom 'law of kindred' applies: ml!gl> ..Father's kinsfolk: fcd(c)rencnosl, fcderencynn, fcderenmt!gl>0 ..Mother's kinsfolk: medrencynn°P, m!drenml!gj>0 .Bad kinsman: unmitg°P 02.03.02.03.06.02 aose relationship: gehcndncs, neahsibb .aosely related: gehende, neahsibb

..Dear: swl!s .A dose relation: hCafodmzgP, hCafodmiga0 P, hyldemfegP, neahfreond 0 , neahml!g, (ge)nydrnteg ..A dose female relation: nydmige ..Blood relations: sibgemigas0 P ..Degree of aftinity: sibfcc .Distandy related: fcorsibb .Not related: unml!ge0 P, ungcsibb 02.03.02.03.06.02.01 Unde (espedally maternal): earn .Paternal unde: fcdera 02.03.02.03.06.02.02 Aunt: .Maternal aunt: mOdri(g)e

42

02.03.02.04.01 Foster relationships .Patenaal aunt: fal>u 02.03.02.03.06.02.03 Child of brotberlsister: .Silter's child: sweostorbcarnoS .Nephew: (ge)nefa ..Sister's son: sweostorsunu ..Brother's son: brot>orsunu, suhterga .Niece: nefene, nift ..Brother's daughter: broJ>ordohtoroS .Uncle and nephew: suhtergefsederan°P, suhtorfzdran°P 02.03.02.03.06.02.04 Cousin: mOdri(g)e, (ge)sweor, geswigra .Children of listen: gesweosternu beam .Father's sister's 10n: fal>usunu0 of a comln: genefa

.son

02.03.02.03.06.02.05 Step relatlomhlps:

.step-father. fseder, steopfseder .Step-mother: steopmOdor .Step-son: nefa, steopsunu .Step.daughter: nift, steopdohtor 02.03.02.03.06.02.06 In-law relationships: .Father-la-law: sweor .Motbel'*ln-law: sweger .Daagbtel'*ln-law: snoru .Brotbel'*in-law (husband's brother): tJcor .Sistel'*ln-law: brOl>orwff .SOn-in-law/brotber-in-law: ij>um .8oa-in-law and latbel'*in-law: il>umsweoras0 P 02.03.02.04 Adoption: gewjscednesoe, gewyscing .Adoptive: gelgnod, gewyscendlic .By adoption: gewjscendlfce .To adopt: gewyscan 02.03.02.04.01 Foster relationships: .Fomrfatber: f'lsterfseder, fflstorfseder .Fomrmotber: f!stermOdor, fflstormOdor, oftestre0 .FOlterdaild: fOstorcild. fflstorling& ..With reference to place of apbrincins: fflstring&

43

02.03.02.05 Spiritual relationships .Fosterbrother: fOstorbrol>org 02.03.02.0S Spiritual relationships: sibb .Spiritual: gistlic

.A sponsor: godsibb ..A godfather: cumpa:der 0 , fa:der, gefa:dera, godfa:der ..A godmother: cumml!dre/cumendre, gefa:dere, godmooor .A godchild: godbearn ..A godson: bisceopsunu, godsunu ..A god-daughter: goddohtor .A kinswoman in Christ: cristes mooor 02.03.03 A family, household: heord, heort>werodP, hfred, hiwan, hfwise,

hfwn!den, hiwscipe, hus, inhired, inhiwan .Connected with a 'him': hlimwerod0 .Head of a household: oonda, fa:der, fa:derhiwi~, hf(g)na ealdor, hliford, husbonda, hushliford •.Mistress of a household: hlti!fdige, hilsbonde .Member of a household: hiwcill>a ..Woman member: hiredwifmann •.Members of same household: samhiwan .A royal household: hfwan ..Ol/conceming a royal household: hofti~ .A great man's household: hired, hiwn!den See 02.03.02 Family 02.03.03.01 Body of retainers, household: heorpwerodP, innweorud0 P .Band offoUowers, retinue: gedryht, faru, folc, fylgingg, handscoJuP,

geneatscolu0 P, werod ..Member ofa retinue: ambihtl>egnP, IJ'P, gefCra, getere, hiredmann, geneat, gesfl>, gesfl>a, gesfl>mann, l>egnhyse, ymbhringend 0 g ..Sitting in ball, on benches: bencsittendP, ftetsittendP, heallsittendP .A band of kinsmen: sibgedryhtP. l>Codma:gen°P .A dan: cynling, mitgl> See 12.01.01.07 Follower 02.03.03.02 A race, tribe: cneorednes, cneorisn, cneowsibb0 P, gecynd, cynn,

cynren, folc, frumcynP, hiwn!den, hils, hfirideng. (ge)husscipe, mltgburh, (ge)mitgl>. mennisc, gestrynd, teoh, t>eOOcynnq, wyrttruma 44

02.03.03.04.03 People of a shire 02.03.03.03 A nation, people: gecyndnes, cynren, dryhtfolc, folc,

folcmzgenP, folC111ZgJ>P, folcrZden, folcscearuP, folcscipe0 P, folctruma. landleod, leodritden°, leodscearu0 P, leodscipe, (ge)Jdg)>, mancynn, rice, srdfolcP, sigefolcP, sige)>eodP, )>Cod, ge)>eode, )>eodscipe, )>eodstefn°P, wennzgJ>P. werod, wer)>eodP, widfolc0 P .or the people, national: folcisc, folclic, )>Codli& .A noble/pat people: gumcynnP, h!ah)>Cod .Diverse peoples, nations of the world: el)>eode See 12.06 Country 02.03.03.03.01 A native people: ingefolc0 P, inge)>eodP .Natives of a country: ingemen°P. landfolc, landwaru0 P. leode, leodwerasP.

scir .A native: foldbiiend, inborenaas, inbiiend!, inbyrdling, inlenda!, landagend,

landbegenga, landbiiend, landesmann, landleod(-a), landman, leod .Native, indigenous: inlende, inlendisc •.Native, of that country: ik:ennedlic, gecynde, gecyndelic, )>iderleodisc0 .A compatriot: cy)>)>u, gelanda, geleod, leodm&gP, m&g _or your/our country: !owerlendisc0 , hiderryne0 !, firelendisc0 .A division containing kin: m&gsciroS 02.03.03.04 An inhabitant: brgenga, biiend, eardbegenga!, eardere0 !,

eardiend, corJ>bfgenga0 , ineardiend, insittend0 P, weartere0 , wunigend .Domiciled: eardfa=st .Inhabitant of the north: nor)>eme, nort>mann .Inbabitant(s) of the south: sii)>folc, sii)>mannP .Inbablti111 the eat: casteme See 12.06.03.02 Residence 02.03.03.04.01 Country people: folc .Dwellen In open country: feldwareq .Dwellen In fens: merscware

See 04.02.02 Farmer 02.03.03.04.02 Dwellen by the sea: sundbOendeP .Islander: regbiiend

or

02.03.03.04.03 People a shire: scir .An Inhabitant of a clistrict: scinnann .People nnder summons In a district: manung

See 12.06.02 District 45

02.03.03.04.04 lnhabitant(s) of a 'tun'

02.03.03.04.04 lnhabitaat(s)ofa 'tiia': tilngebiir'. tilnesman, tOnrnan, tunscipe .A cottager: cotsetla, cottereq ..Bom on the estate: inbyrde 02.03.03.04.0S Populace of a town/dty: burgwaru, burhwerod ,Inhabiting a town/dty: burgsitteode .CUittM: ij>olware0 P, burgwaran, burgware, ceasterleod(e), ceastersetan (-e), (ge)ceasterwaran (-e/-u) ..Residmts within walls: innanburhware ..Dwellen in a suburb: underburhware0 « ..Citi:uns outside a town: iltanburhware0 ..A citizen: burgleod, burg~tai. burgsittend, burhmann, burhwarurnann°, castelmann, ceasterbilend0 P, portmann, portwara0 , portwer, stocweardi ...A Roman dti:RD: rOmlnisc fOstorcild See 12.06.02.01 Township 02.03.03.0S Peoples of Britain:

See 12.06.01 Countries 02.03.03.05.01 The English: angelcyon, angelfolc, angelseaxe, engle .An Englishman: engliscman, englisc .English: englisc 02.03.03.05.01.01 Angles: angelcynn, angell:>Cod. angle, engle, norpleode .Angles from the Continent: angell:>Cod. angle .East Angles: castengle .SOUtb Angles: sil)>engle 02.03.03.05.01.02 Gyrwe: gyrwas, norpgyrwas0 02.03.03.05.01.03 Kentish people: centiogas, centware .Kentisb: centisc .People of East Kent: eastcentingas .People of West Kent: westcentingas .Geats: g~tas .People of the Isle of Wl&ht: wih~tan°, wihtware .People of Romney Manh: merscware 02.03.03.05.01.04 People of Wiltshire: wil~te (-an) 46

02.03.03.0S.03 The Scots

02.03.03.05.01.05 Belonslac to London: lundonisc 02.03.03.05.01.06 Madam: mierce, sut>anhymbrc, silJ>hymbrc .or the Madam: miercisc° .North Madam: noJt>min:e0 .8oath Madam: sDJ>myrce0 02.03.03.05.01.07 People of Monmouthshire: wentas 02.03.03.05.01.08 People of Norfolk: nort>folc 02.03.03.05.01.09 Northumbria•~ humbre, norj>(an)hymbre, nort>folc .Northambrtaa: nort>hymbre, nort>hymbrisc° .Bernid•m: beomicc .Cumbri•m: cumerc0 ,Inhabitants ofl>eln: dent (-e) .Belongina to Mein 1e: mailrosisc0 1

02.03.03.05.01.10 Suoas: seaxc, seaxan .SUoas from the CoadNDt: seaxc, seaxan .Eat Suons: wtseaxc (-an) .SOUtb Suom: suJ>scaxc (-an) .Wat Suom: wcstseaxc (-an) 02.03.03.05.01.11 De.ceOO•nta ofCwlcelm: cwicclmingas0 02.03.03.05.01.12 AD unknown people: wtwiUc0 02.03.03.05.02 The BritisblWelsb/Brdolll: wcalhcynn .A Briton/Welthman/Brdoll: brytt, wcalh .Britisb/Weltb/Bretoa: brytwylisc, wiclisc .The British: bryttas ..British: bryttisc •The Welsh: bryttwcalas, wcalas, wcalbcynn, wcalh~0 -The North Welsh: norj>wealas, nort>wblcynn° ..The Wat Wela, Comish: wcstwblas ..Wellll of the mountains: dilndte

See 02.03.03.06.0J France

02.03.03.05.03 The Scots: scottas .North Scots: Dorj>scottasO .8c:otdsb~

scyttisc

47

02.03.03.05.04 The Irish 02.03.03.05.04 Tbe Irish: scottas .Irish: scyttisc 02.03.03.05.05 A northern people: norpt>C00° .Dweller in the north: norpmann 02.03.03.05.06 Vlklng(s): hi!l>en, sceg}>mann, wfcing .Of the Viklnp: httl>en 02.03.03.06 Peoples of Continental Europe: See 12.06.01.03 Continent

02.03.03.06.01 Peoples of France: .Franks: francan ..Frankish: frencisc ..East Franks: wtfrancan .Gauls: gallcas, gallie, galwalas ..Gaulish: gallisc .Merovingi•n: mercwfoing0 P .Bretons: bryttas .Norman: norpmandisc0 See 02.03.03.05.02 British

02.03.03.06.02 Germany and Low Countries: ,East Suons: ealdseaxe(-an) .Flemish: flemisc .Frisians: fresan , frisan ..Frisian: fresisc, fris0 P ..North Frisians: norpfresanog -North Frisian: norpeme .Jutes: eotenas, iotas 02.03.03.06.02.01 Other peoples: .Al•mannl: alamanne0 .Bulgarian: bulgarisc .East Tburlnpnw: Wl}>yringas0 P .?Eruli: eorle0 P •?Estonians: este •?Karellans: beorrnas 02.03.03.06.02.01.01 Unidmtl&ed people: baniogas0 P

48

02.03.03.06.07.01 African 02.03.03.06.03 The Greeb: crCca5, gm:as .Greek: mcisc, gr&:isc .Atbnd•na: atMniense ..Athenian: athenisc 02.03.03.06.04 Italians: eotolware0 .Lombardlam:longbeardas .Rom•n11: lzdenware, romine, romware/-an ..A Rom•n: romwalh, wealh ..Roman: remisc0 &, rominisc .Skilians; sicilie ..Sicilian: sicilisc 02.03.03.06.05 Scandinavian: norj>eme .A dweller in the north, ScancliMvian: nor1>mann .Danes: dene, l>l deniscan ..Danish: denisc ..East Danes: Castdene ..North Danes: norl>dene ..West Danes: westdene ..Danes with spam: girdeneP .Fbms/Lapps: cwcnas, finnas, terfinnas .Gotm: gota ..Gothic: gotisc0 , gotonisc0 & .Swedes: sweon, sweol>Cod0 P ..Geats: geatas -Geatisb: gcatiscq .Waaclels: wendlas/-e 02.03.03.06.06 Spanish: ispanisc0 , speonisc0 02.03.03.06.07 Other peoples: 02.03.03.06.07.01 African: affricanisc, affricisc0 &, afrisc0 P .Africam: affrice .Ethiopians: redlingas0 &, sigelhearwa, sigelwaras ..Ethiopian: sigelhearwen .E1YPtiam: egipte ..E1YPtian: egiptisc ..Alnanclrian: alexandrinisci, alexand(r)isc .Libyan: libanisc°'

49

02.03.03.06.07.02 Arab 02.03.03.06.07.02 Anb: arabisc

.Syrians: syrw~op ..Syrian: usiriscoS, syrisc0 .8aracens: sar(a)cene ..Sancen: saracenisc0 02.03.03.06.07.03 Eastern/Oriental people: eastfoleoS, east1Code0 •

east}>Cod0 02.03.03.06.07.04 Indian: indisc, syndonisc 02.03.03.06.07.05 Jews: cbreas, iildeas

.Jewish: ebreisc, iildeisc .Pharisees: fari~ -PhariseelPbarltean: fariseisc .8adducees: saduceas ..s.dducean:saduceisc0 02.03.03.06.07.05.01 Gentiles: }>Cod

.Gentile: )>Codisc« 02.03.03.06.07.06 Penian: persisc 02.03.03.06.07.07 Other (alphabetical order): caldisc0 S, cananisc,

cappadonisc, eicropiscoS, eillinescoS, efieisc0 S, galileisc, memfitisc0 S, nazarenisc, pierisc0 S, pirenisc0 S, scyl>l>isc, sodomise, sodomitisc, tirise, tyrrcnisc0 S 02.04 Body: bincofaP, binfaetP, binhilsP, binsele0 P, bodig, eadorgeard°P,

ealdorgeardq, corl>faetP, feorhbold0 P, fcorhhils0 P, ftzsc, ftzsccofa0 P, ftzschama, ftttschordP, foldaemP, ~thord P, had, hrzw, limfztP, lie, liefaetP, liehama., limgesi]>og, selegesccot .State/quality of ha~: ftzsclienes .Bodlly,camal: lfehamlie .Bodily, in the ftesh: liehamlice .As seat of appetite/desire: liehama .8emal: ftttsclie .Body with regard to appearance: ftzsc See 02.06.01 Animal body 0

02.04.01 Dead body: deal>lie, dilst. fcorh, hold, hn!w, lie, lfehama., wael

50

02.04.03.01.02 Back of head .Of a warrior: dryhtnE0 P .Dead: cfEal>lic

02.04.02 Bodily shape/physique: (ge)lfcnes .Bulk: greatnes 02.04.02.01 Fat/plump: ft!tt, g:r<, oft!telofeteng .ExceniveJy: freafl!t0 g, oferft!t, J>iccolg .To become fat: geft!ttian, forweaxan 02.04.02.02 Lean, thin, slender: hl&ne. gehl&ncd, gchh!nscd, hlancP, DUCger, smzl, J>ynne, J>ynnol0 g .State of bein1 lean: hlt!nnes .To become thin: ihl&nsian, (gc)hlt!nian, smalian°, (gc)J>ynnian .To make thin: (gc)hlt!nian, (gc)hlt!nsian, DUCgeriang, (ge)J>ynnian ..Ad ofmakin1 thin: smalung, J>ynnung 02.04.02.03 Height, stature or form: leng(u), limgelecg!, limwzsbJ1°P, onlfcnes, Qpwzstm0 , wzstm, wcrmetg 02.04.02.03.01 Tall: lang .And bnad: great. gegieatod°I 02.04.02.03.02 Shon: lytel, scort 02.04.02.04 Flmbllity of limbs, suppleness: leoJ>ubignes0 .Having supple limbs, ftedble: bfgendlic, leoJ>ubig, leoJ>ucrzftig, leoJ>uwac, IQ>ig 02.04.03 Pan of body: lim .Region: stcde 02.04.03.01 Head: hafeJaP, heafod .Without: hWodlw .With a splendid, shlnin1 bead: hWodbeorht°P .With a bi1 head: miceU1eafdcde0 g 02.04.03.01.01 Top of head: hnoll, molda0 , moldgewind 0 , ofcrhealfheafod0 8, scidaOP 02.04.03.01.02 Back of head: zftewcard hWod SI

02.04.03.01.03 Face 02.04.03.01.03 Face: andwlita, ansren, hleor, mil)>, neb(b), nebwlite, wlita .Countenance, exprcmon: andwlita 02.04.03.01.03.01 Forehead: foranhcafod, forehcafod, foreweard heafod, healfhcafod0 g, hnifol .Intercillum: briimiddelog .Temple: )Junwang(e) 02.04.03.01.03.02 Eye: cage, hcafdes gim, hcafodgimmP, hcafodsrenP, sren .Comer or eye: angn~. caghyme0 g .Eyelid, eyebrow: bntw, brii, cagbntw 0 , oferbriw 0 , oferbrii(wa) .Having one eye: incage(de) .Grey-eyed: gla:seneage0 g -Or bleary-eyed, wall-eyed: waldenige0 g .(Of eye) prominent, ?bright: stcap See 02.04.06.01 Sight organ 02.04.03.0l.03.03 Ear: care .Flap/lobe: earla:ppa, earliprica, ftzreog, la:ppa, ufeweard care See 02.04.06.02 Hearing organ 02.04.03.01.03.04 Nose: nasu, neb(b), nosu .Nosbil: na:s)Jyrl, nos)Jirl, nosu .Side of: ftzre0 g -Septum: middelfteraog, na:sgristle, nos(u)gris(t)l~ .Bridge: eaghyll0 g .Sinus: pocca/pohha See 02.05.08 S~ll 02.04.03.01.03.05 Cheek: ceace, hagospind, hleor, wange 02.04.03.01.03.06 Mouth: mii)J .Llp(s): lippa, sml!r(-e~. weler -Upper: uferra lippa -Lower: ni)Jera lippa .Having no mouth: mii)Jleas0 P .To yawn, gape: ginian 02.04.03.01.03.07 Jaw(s): ceace. ceaft, geaftas, geagl, goma, hraca 02.04.03.01.03.08 Chin: cinn 52

02.04.03.04.01 Arm 02.04.03.02 Neck: heals, hnecca, sweora 02.04.03.03 Trunk: bodig, I~. Ire, lichama Middle or trunk, waist: middel 02.04.03.03.01 Back: baec, hrycg 02.04.03.03.02 Shoulder: eaxl, sculdor .Sboalders: gescyldru .Part between sboalders: middelgesculdruK 02.04.03.03.03 Buttock(s), back parts: baece, geba:cu, broc, earsenduK, earslyra°K, gupan°K, setl .With buttocks: earsode 02.04.03.03.04 Side: sfde .Loln(s): lendenbntde, lendenu .lilank: ftanc°K .Hip: hype 02.04.03.03.05 Chest, breast, bosom: andribb, bearm, oosm, breost, breostbydenK, foranbodig°K, foranbreost/forebreost, grcada, hretJerP, sceat .Puff-breasted: byledbreost0 P .Breast/breasts (ofwom•n): breost, breostwylmK, stricelK, titt, uder°K .Breast area: breostl>ing0 .Nipple: delu, forweard titt, mamme, spane(-u~ . striceJK, titt, tittstryce1°K 02.04.03.03.06 Belly/abdomen: buc .Pit of: neweseol>a .Navel: nafela, nafulsceaft0 .Bit-bellied: wzmbede°K 02.04.03.03.07 Lap: bearm, greada. sceat 02.04.03.03.08 Groin/crotch: grin°, hregresiK, lescaK , (ge)weald 02.04.03.04 Limb: bin, lim, Iii> .Of/concemlng the limbs: leol>ulic0 P .Nimble of limb: lcol>ucrzftig0 P 02.04.03.04.01 Arm: earm 53

02.04.03.04.01.01 Hand .Armpit: 0custaS. oxns .Inner: innaneann° .Elbow: earmboga0 S, elnboga, hal>liJ>a0 .Forearm: fzJ>mS .Wrist: handwyrstS, wrist° 02.04.03.04.01.01 Hand: folm(e}, hand, mund .Right hand: rihthand, swij>ra .Of/conceming the right hand: swij>ra .Left hand: winstre .Left: winstra .Palm of: brid hand, folm, handbrcd .Open: brid •With the hand open: bradlinga .Witbfm the hands: handlinga/-lunga .(Ot the hands} half closed: simloccn .F1st: lyst .To close (the hand}: clzmman, cryppan 02.04.03.04.01.01.01 Finger: finger .Of/concea uing the ftnger: fingcrlic0 S .Tip: Iii> .Forefinger: bfcn(ig)cnd, Jeawfinger 0 P, scyte(l}finger, tltcnend .Middle ftnger: l!wiscbcrcnd0 S, hilettend0 S, middelfingcr, sc midlcsta finger .Ring finger: goldfinger, hringfinger, Jl!ccfingcrs .Little finger: Can:lt!nscnd0 S, Carfinger, Carscripcl, sc J~sta finger, sc lytla finger .Thumb: J>iima 02.04.03.04.02 Leg: Jim, scanca 02.04.03.04.02.01 Thigh: innewcard j>eoh, leow, j>eohS, j>eohscanca .Back of: hamm 02.04.03.04.02.02 Knee: cneow .Back of: hamm .Having big knees: cneowcde/-ade 02.04.03.04.02.03 Lower leg: hohscanca0 , scanca .Shin: scra&, sci nus .Calf: scanclira0 S, scotlrras, spzrlfra, spcarwa& 54

02.04.04.02 Nail -With a tblck calf: spa:rlrred0 g 02.04.03.04.02.04 Ankle: ancleow(e) 02.04.03.04.02.05 Foot: fOt .Having ono'two feet: intele0 P, twl""f'Cte& 02.04.03.04.02.05.01 Heel: fiersn, hcla, helspure', hoh, hohf0t0 S, hoh nilJeweard, hohsporog, spure .Having heels: h6nede0 g -Having large heels: h!lade' 02.04.03.04.02.05.02 Sole: fOtli:st, fOtwelm(a), gang, ile, list, nilJeweard rot, tredel 02.04.03.04.02.05.03 Instep: middelf0t0 02.04.03.04.02.05.04 Toe: ti .Tip of: tihspura0 S .Big toe: micle ti .Other toes (in order): a:fterre ti, midleste ti, feorl>e ta, lytle ti 02.04.04 Sida: fell, ferh1Je0 , hyd, sweardg .Having a skin: gehyd0 .Pore in skin: lict>Cote0 g, orJ>ung, swlq>yrel0 g .Wrinkle: hrympel 0 g, rifeling°g -Wrinkled: gehnycned0 , gerifod0 , (ge)rifeled .Detached skin: sceorf 02.04.04.01 Having a certain complmon: gehiwed •Wbltelfalr: hwit .Pale: tebli:ce ..Pale-cheeked: blachleor P .Ruddy complexion: rudu -Roddy-complexioned: rudigg .S.UOw-complmoned: geolu .Duk-complexioned: bla:c, salu0 P, saluneb0 P See 03.01.14 Colour

02.04.04.02 Nall: na:gl .Flager nail: handnaegl0 .Thumb nail: i>fiman na:gl 55

02.04.04.03 Hair .Claw-like nail: clawu 02.04.04.03 Hair: feax, ~r. sceacga0 s .A hair: hzr .Woman's: wiffexs .Of/concerninc hair, hairy: feaxede, gefeax(en), gehi:r(e)0 , gehi:rcde0 S, hzren, hzriht°«, hfiseht°S 02.04.04.03.01 Texture of hair: .Coal'Mlbristllng hair: camb _With bristling hair: upfeax°' .Curly: cirps -Having curly hair: cirps .Busby, thick: t>icce -Having thick, shaggy hair: sceacgede', ruh 02.04.04.03.02 Colour of hair: .Fail'-haired, blonde: gyldenfeax°', hwitloc0 P, hwitloccede0 P .Flame-haired: ryrfeaxens, rCod .Dark-/black-haired: blzc, blzcfexede0 , wanfeax0 P .Grey-haired, hoary: blandenfeax, feaxhir 0 P, gamolfeaxP, hir, hirwenge, isengritg, unhir ..SOmewhat hoary: healthir 0 S -Very grey, entirely hoary: fulhir« -Hoariness: himesS, hirung, hilrwengnes0 S ..Penon: hir ..To become grey/hoary: hirian See 03.01.14 Colour 02.04.04.03.03 Hair of bead: feax, feaxness, hi:r, heafodhitr', JzS, locc, locfeax°', locgewind0 S, sceacga°' .Hairy, shaggy: loccod .Lock/Jocks: locc, hzrloccas0 S ..Curly lock: windelocc' -Earlock: earJoccs ..Forelock: forefeaxs , foreJoccS ..Fringe: hitr .Dishevelled, spread out: tospritd .Long haired: sidfeaxe •With braided locks: wundenloccP .Hair of the ear: feax earan 56

02.04.05.04.02 Skull 02.04.04.03.03.01 Beard, whisker: bcard(-as), wangbcard0 .Lock of beard: locc .Bearded: gebcarded°, gebyrd .Beardles.. (through youth): bcardlw, ungebierdeS ..A beardles.. youth: beardlw .To wear (a beard, etc.): werian .Moustache: cenep, granug 02.04.04.03.04 Bald, shaven: iblered0 , andfeax0 , beha:ttod, blereS, blerigS,

calu, hnot, unhufedg .Baldness: calu 02.04.04.03.05 Baimltting, tomure: efesung, scearu .Sbom: bescoren .To cut (hair): beceorfan, beefesian°, bescieran, (ge)efesian, (ge)scieran,

snij>an

See 04.06.01.07 Hair-care 02.04.05 Bodily substance: bin and fell , fll!sc and bin, flt!sc and fell 02.04.05.01 Flesh: bntd, fll!sc .Fleshy part: lira .A dewlap: fratlaeppaog .About spinal cord: hrycgbrltdan°, hrycriple/ricgribleS .Fleshy: flzsceht° , ftzscen, lireht0 02.04.05.02 Fat: heorthama, micgem .About kidneys: gescincioK 02.04.05.03 Membrane: felma/filmen, reoma 02.04.05.04 Bone/bones: gebln/gebl!ne, mearhcofa0 P .Having DO bones: blnlw0 P 02.04.05.04.01 Substance of bones: biin .Made of bone: bltnen .Bone marrow: mearg

-Full of: gemeargodog 02.04.05.04.02 Skull: bnegenloca0 P, bneg(en)panneS, heafodbiin,

heafodbolla0 , heafodloca°K, heafodpanne 57

02.04.05.04.02.01 Socket of eye 02.04.05.04.02.01 Socket of eye: ttgmore0 , eaghring, hringbin°K 02.04.05.04.02.02 Cheek/chin bones: ceacbin', ceace, ceaft, cinbin, hleorbin 02.04.05.04.03 Neck-bone: sweorbin 02.04.05.04.04 Spine: hrycg, hrycgbinl, hrycgmergliJ>°K, lendenbiin°g, gelodr 0 .Marrow of: hrycgmearg°g .Vertebra of: binhring°P, hweorfa 02.04.05.04.05 Bones of trunk: 02.04.05.04.05.01 Collar-bone: wiJ>obin 02.04.05.04.05.02 Breast-bone: breostbiing 02.04.05.04.0S.03 RJb: hrycgribl, ribb .Rib-spokes: ribbspicanoS 02.04.05.04.05.04 Hip-bone: hypeban .mum: lendenbin°K 02.04.05.04.05.05 Share-bone: scearu 02.04.05.04.06 Bone of arm: .Humenas: eannsceanca0 .Radius: hrisel, spica 02.04.05.04.07 Bone of leg: .Bone of thigh: J>Cobscanca .Knee-cap: hweorfbin, J>Cohhweorfa .Shinbone, shin: scanca, scinbiing, scinug 02.04.05.04.08 Joint: hweorfa. hweorfbin, liJ>, gel>Codnes, gepeodrteden .Small joint: liJ>incelg .Joints of spine: gelodaoS, gelynduoS .Joint of finger: fingerlit> .Joint of thigh: J>Cohgelttte0 g .KDft: cneow, cMc>wwyrstoS .Ankle: ancleow(e) 58

02.04.06.03.02.01 Mouth .Fixed joint: Kam, ge)>ecxlnes

02.04.05.05 Muscle: binlocaP, Ilia, mus0 g, sinulira0 g .?Maecles of neck: geweald .Maeda of spine: ntgereose 02.04.05.06 Sinew/tendoalllpment: edre, cnynclsg, scono, streng, wzlt, wealdwcax~

.Oftoape: tungeJ>rum0 g, ufg, .Of heel: hOhsinu .Sinewy: sincht0

undertung~.

undenunget>rurnog

02.04.05.07 Cartilap, gristle: gristle, grost0 g, grundsopag .Of nose:

nzsgristl~, nos(u)gris(t)l~

02.04.06 Organs of the body: 02.04.06.01 Sight organ: eage, gesiht/gesihl> .Eyeball: zppel .Iris: wuldorbeag .Pupil: eaghring, sCo(n) See 02.04.03.01.03.02 Eye; 02.05.09 Sight 02.04.06.02 Hearins organ: care .Ear-passage: C8rl>yrel 0 S See 02.04.03.01.03.03 Ear; 02.05.10 Hearing 02.04.06.03 Internal organs, inmrds: guttas0 g, inneweard, innot>, innylfe 02.04.06.03.01 Cavities of internal organs: .Chest: b6sm .Abdomen: rysel, wamb ..Lower: smzll>earme ..Membranes of: midhril>reS, netalne~ 02.04.06.03.01.01 Diaphragm: midhrif, midhril>re8 02.04.06.03.02 Digestive tract:

See 04.01 Digestion 02.04.06.03.02.01 Mouth: mut> .Palate: gOma. milt>es hrof, mut>tirofs 59

02.04.06.03.02.01.01 Tooth/teeth

.Uvula: hractunge •Tongue: tunge .Gum: ftzscto1>0 &, tol>rima 02.04.06.03.02.01.01 Tooth/teeth: 101> •Toothless: to1>Jeas0 ' .Root: wyrtrum .Projecting tooth, molar, aanine: fengto!>0 , tiisc, tiixl .Projecting: twiseltol>og .Front tooth/teeth: foreceorfend0 &, forete!>0 S, 101> onforan heafde .Molar tooth/teeth: cintfil>', cweomte!>', grindingtfil>, wangtol> .(Of teeth) clenched: tosett 02.04.06.03.02.02 Throat/gullet: ceole, ceolor, ceosoJS, edrocS, gurgullion°,

hrace/-u, !>rote, wzsend, woddor 0 P .Fauces: ceace, ceaft, hygeS .Larynx: 1>rotbolle 02.04.06.03.02.03 Stomacb/belly: breos1, biic, ceosoJS, edrocs , hrif, inno1>.

maga, wamb 02.04.06.03.02.04 Intestines: bzct>earmas, guttas0 S, heortgesida0 ,

iesend(e)lgesens, innefaran, midhrif, ropp, smeorut>earms, t>earm. 1>umle0 S, wamb .Small intestines: smzlt>earmas .Large intestine: zmiil>aog, blind t>earm. snzdell>eann -Rectum: bzct>earm, ende, fort>gang, iitgang -.Anus: ears, earsgang, earsl>erlog 02.04.06.04 Reproductive organs: gecynd, gecyndlim(u), scamigendlican,

scamu, (ge)sceap, getawu, l>Cohgeweald0 S, geweald .Genital: cennende, cennendlic See 02.01.03.03 Sex, generation 02.04.06.04.01 Male genitalia:

.Penis: Jim, pinteJ0 S, scamJimS, teors, wzpen ..Foreskin: felcyrf0 S, filmen .Testicle/testicles: beallucasog, burseS, eowende0 , herl>an, sceallan •.scrotum: codd, herl>belig, sweotaq 02.04.06.04.02 Female reproductive organs:

60

02.04.06.0.S.07.03 Synovia, oily matter between joints .Womb: bOsm, breost. cildhamal, cwil>(a), gccyndlim, fcorhhamaoS, (ge)hrif, ingehrifoS, innop, mOdor bOsm, mOdor hrif, mOdor innot>, wamb 02.04.06.05 Secadory orpns, glands: 02.04.06.05.01 Tonsil: readaq .Glandular swelling: cyrnel 02.04.06.05.02 Spleen: milte 02.04.06.05.03 Liver: lifer .Lobe of: lzppa, liferlzppa .nve-Jobecl: fiflzppedO 02.04.06.05.04 Kidney: lidre, cropp, lundlaga 02.04.06.05.05 Bladder:

bl~

02.04.06.05.06 Mammary pmd, breast: breost, breostcofa, breostwylm, melcebreostoS, striceJS, titt, iider 0 S .Nipple, tat: forweard titt, mamme0 S, spaneS, stricets, titt, tittstryceloS .Lactating: mete 02.04.06.05.07 Secretions: 02.04.06.05.07.01 Humoun: dropa. inwzte0 , wzta

Moist: wzt 02.04.06.05.07.02 Mucus, phlegm, rheum: dylsta, geolster/gillister, horh/hrog, hrica, hntcung, mietdropa0 S, risoda0 , snoft, gesnot, spedS .Of nose: nebgebntcS, snyftung0

Mucous: dylstiht° .Full of/covered with: mieldropiendeoS, snoflig0 .A coulh: hw0sta .To cough: hw6san .aeartng of the throat: hr8ca, hrZcea, hrZcung .Sneerina. a sn«ze: fneosun~. fnora, hnorq .To sneae: gefnesan See 02.04.06.06.03 Clear nose 02.04.06.05.07.03 Synovla, oily matter between joints: li1>5eaw, li1>ule 61

02.04.06.05.07.04 Secretions of ear 02.04.06.05.07.04 Secredom of ear: dr6sq, teoru 02.04.06.05.07.05 Saliva: IJlZldropa0 S 02.04.06.05.07.06 Gall/bile: Ator, gealla 02.04.06.05.07.07 Secretion from spleen: sogeJ>a 02.04.06.05.07.08 Milk: meolc .To secrete milk: meolcian 02.04.06.06 Discharge, emanadon: l!J>m, igotennes, brzJ>, steam .Action of e:1Cftthaa: iitror, iitgang .To excrete: geleoran, iit ieman 02.04.06.06.01 Sweat: swat .Sweating: geswit, switig ••With sweaty brow: switighleor0 P .Pore: switJ>yrel0 S .To sweat: iswztan°, (ge)swztan 02.04.06.06.02 Tear:

tear

02.04.06.06.03 Action of clearing nose: snyting0 8 .To clear nose: snymn 02.04.06.06.04 Spittle: fim, spitVspold, spitlung0 8, swat .Retching and spitting: hrzcetung, hrohun~. spztung0 , wynnshrl!cing0 s,

wynnsspiung°S .A slobberer: drefela0 .To slaver: dreftian°8 .To retch and/or spit: gebliwan, efengespittan°g, hriecan, hrl!cetan°, hrohian°s, hyran°8, spztan, spietl(i)an, spitanS, spigettan -He/they retcbed and/or spat: speoft(on)S ••To spit out: lhntcan iit, spitlian°S --Spat out: ispeoftoS ••To spit upon: bespl!tan, hor(g)ianS, onspl!tan, spztl(i)an, gespeoftian°S, (ge)spittang 02.04.06.06.05 Action of breaking wind: feorting, fistings

62

02.04.06.07.06 A sigh

02.04.06.06.06 Faeces: cw!ad, droge0 , dyncge, gor, meox, mesa0 , mixen, mixendynge0 , scearn, scytel0 , tonl, tyrd(e)lu, l>ost, iitgang .Defecation: dnling', earsgang .To defecate: gedritan°, Qt (ge)gln, Qt gangan 02.04.06.06.07 Urine: Adela. bland, micga. migoJ>a, wteta .Urination: miggung' .To urinate: (ge)migan, to gcdreog gin 02.04.06.06.08 MenMS: gecynd, monal>Adl, m6napbl0d8. m6napgecynd .Memtraous: monapidlig°, monaplic, monapseoc 02.04.06.06.09 Semen: dd 02.04.06.07 Respiratory orpas: 02.04.06.07.01 Wind-pipe: J>earm(ge)wind8, protbolla. wlsend, windeddJ'e08 02.04.06.07.02 Laap: lungen 02.04.06.07.03 Breath: zpm, bhid, fnzst, gist, orop, orpung, wind 02.04.06.07.04 Breatbla1: cp(g)ung, fnzst, hwzst°8, orop Jnt..latioa: incpung°S .Breatbia1 upoa/'mto: inbliwing°'. oncpgung', onorpung', orf>ung .Paatiaat breathiaa bani: cp(g)ung, hr&>ung, swOret(t)ung .Sbort-wi~ pantiaa: sworetendlicoS 02.04.06.07.05 To breathe: lt)>mian8, iteon, (ge)bliwan, gebregdan orepe, (ge)C)>ian, hladan orop, onbliwan, ort>ian, geteon oro)> .?Breathed: iblest8 .To breathe in: mon to, tO(ge)teon, wi)>teon .To exhale: Afltman ilt, ipyffan, ilt ibliwan, ilt ltpmian, ilt ipyffan .To breathe oallato: ibliwan on/ofer, edblowan°1, epian on, geondbliwan, inbliwan, onort>ian08, ort>ian, toe)>ian° .To blow oat cbeck1t blow bani: bliwan, hlyrian08 .To breathe~ pant: fnllstian°, fnesan, ort>ian, stenecian, stenian°8, )>efian 02.04.06.07.06 A silh: sice0 , sicettung, sworet(t)ung .To silh: isfcan8, iswOrettan, sfcan, swOrettan, swOrianq 63

02.04.06.07.07 To snore 02.04.06.07.07 To snore: fnltrettan°g, hriitan 02.04.06.08 Heart: heortc .Artery, vein: IMre, geotcnd0 g, geotcndZder, heaf~dre , lungenzder 0 , middch!dr 0

02.04.06.08.01 Blood: bloo, cwcalmdreor 0 P, deadbloo, drear, heolforP, swat .Supply of blood: bloosceawung0 .Blood shed in violence: heorudrCorP, wa:ldreorP .Life blood: siwoldrCorP .Blood mixture: bloogcmang°S .Flowf155ue of blood: a:minglicming, bl0dsihtc0 , flOwingS .Bloody: blooen°S, blOdig, dreorig, heolfrigP, heorudrCorigP, swiitig "Bloodstained: dreonah0 P. read, switflihP .Bloodless: bl0dleas0 S .To bleed: bledan, sw&tan "(Of blood) to 8ow: flowan, icman 02.04.06.09 Brain: bra:gcn, ex(e), ha:m 0 .(Of outer membrane) dura mater: hion° 02.05 Sensation. perception. feeling: (ge)telncs, gefredncs, gewitt .A sense: andgiet, gcwitt .8ensitive: getele .To have semation: (gc)fredan .To feel, be sensible of (a sensation): (gc)felan, gefredan .To entertain (a feeling) towards (an object): habban to .Perceptible (to): gcfredcndlic (on) ..Strong, severe: swij>lic See 08 Feelings 02.0S.01 Without feeling, illMDlible: ungefele(d), untelendc0 .Of flesh: dead .Insensible to: dead .Devoid of feeling: felcleas0 P .Incapable of suffering: unJ>rowigendlic ..State of being: unt>rowendlicncss 02.05.02 Consciousness: gcmynd .Conscious: gcgitc0 S .Wakefulness. sleeples.mess: sl&pleast, waccn, wa:cc(e) 64

02.05.03.02 Weariness .sleepless: sleplbs°', unsltepig°g ..Eadrely: l>w'bwacol .Disturbed, rutlt1a: restlbs .To l'ftll•in awake, not to lleep: wacian .To awake: iwacan, iwacian, iwccn(i)an, onwacan -With a start: ibregdan, stepe t6bregdan -Early awake: zrwacol -To wake, arouse: iwcccan, iwrca:an, (gc)wcccan, wrcccan -To rouse, enliven, stimulate: wcccan •To get up, rise: irisan -To get up early: morgcnwacian'

02.05.03 Edaaastlon, falnbwss, weariness: iteorodncs, iteorung, me)>ncs0 g. werigncs .Fainting, swooning, eshaastlon: gcsw6gung, (gc)teorung -lnftance or state of: swima ..In state of: gcswogcn -To get exhausted, faint: itCorian 02.05.03.01 Dullness, lack of animation: hefigncs .(Ofbeart, mlad) beavy,dull: hefig .(Of life): deadlic .slowness of miad, torpor: l11:tncs .slow-minded, dull: l11:thydig°P .Dully, heavily, sluggbbly: hcfclicelhefiglicc, hcfige .To make dull or slow: gchcfigian .To be/become heavy, dull: ihefigian, hefigian 02.05.03.02 Weariness: iprjtncsg, foryldu, gcswinc, gcteorodncs0 g, )>rcce .Tired. weary, exhausted: me)>c, me)>ig, gcsolccn°g, gcwergod, werig -Wom oat: forccymen, fut werig .Weary in body, grievously wearied: hriwerig°P .Weary from illness: adlwerig°P •Weary at heart: reonigm6dP .Battle-weary: gii)>werig°P, hcal>uwerig°P, hildes&dq •Weary from feasting: symbclwerigP .sea-weary: lidwerig°P, mcrcwerig°P, ~me)>c0P, 52werigP •Travel-weary: ridwerig°P, si)>geomor0 P .To weary, tire: )>rictan .To srow weary, get tired: iseolcan, (gc)wergian 65

02.05.04 Sleepiness, drowsiness, sleep •To be e:,hausted: geteorian .To ahaust, weary: besylcan°P, (ge)mej>gian -To exhaust with labour, travel, etc.: fordrifan, geswencan, gewrecan -To exhaust with n1nning: ofiman 02.0S.04 SleeplMss, drowsiness, sleep: slzp, slzpnes0 .Sleep, slumber: sll!p, sliima, swefecung, swefn, sweofot ..Act of sleeping: hnappung .Sleeper: sll!pere, sliimere0 , swefecere0 .First sleep: frumslzp .Sleep during night: nihtslzp0 .Deep sleep, lethar&Y: mamors .Excessive sleep: oferslzp0 .Rest, repose, sleep: rest -Evening rest: l!fenrestP, nihtrest0 P -Morning rest: undernrest° .Drowsy, sleepy, addicted to sleep: slzping, slzpor .Weary and sleepy: sll!pwmg0 P .Sinking, drowsing: driisendeP .Half-asleep: healfslzpende .(Of sinews) relaxed, unstnmg: t61zten .(Of limbs) relaxed in sleep: t6slopen .Sunk in sleep: beszged0 S .(Of eyes) heavy with sleep: hefig .(Of sleep) light: leoht .(Of sleep) heavy: hefelic, swl!r .(Of sleepina) lighdy: leohtlice .(Of sleepina) deeply, heavily: fa:ste, swl!rlice .(Of sleep, rest) undistua bed: fa:st, slfte, softe •Without disturbance of sleep: s0fte .To become sleepy: slipian .To be in one's sleeping-place: licgan .To 10 to sleep: onslzpan .To sleep: aslzpan, besll!pan, (ge)slzpan, swefan -To sleep beside: a:tslipan° -To sleep lighdy: hnappian -To be fast asleep: swodrianog .To repose In sleep, rest: (ge)restan 02.05.04.01 To make heavy with wearinealsleep: hefigian 66

02.05.05.03 Sexual appetite, lust .To pat to deep, lull: (ge)swebban .To rock (a chlld, in a cradle): roccian° .steeping draft: sl2pdrenc0 .Poppy .. soporiftc: popig .8oporific: shtpbatre0

02.05.04.02 A dream: ~ting. swefn .To dream: (ge)~tan. swefnian .Dreamer: swefnigend .To appear in a dream to: geswefnian .A niptmare: elf, elfidl, elfsiden, egesgrima. mere/mare, unswefn° See 06.01.02.01.01.01 Dream, vision 02.05.05 Desire, appetite: friclo, geomung, hungor, tango}>, lust, myne, J>urst, gewillung, (ge)wilnung .Dairoas: }~re. lustful, gelystcd, oftysted, geJ>ancol, willende, gewilniendlic .Tbinting, longing: ofl>yrst(ed), (ge)J>urstig, J>yrst ..Ever-thirsting: sinJ>yrstende0 .To desire: friclan , frymdig b&>n/wesan, (ge)gieman, (ge)lystan, J>yrstan, (ge)willian, (ge)wilnian -To cause to desire: lystan -To pluck with desire: plyccan See 04.01.01.03 Hunger; 04.01.03.01 Thirst; 06.02.05 Will, desire 02.05.05.01 Object of desire: lufu, gewilnung .Desired, desirable: efenleof0 , geomlic, (ge)giemendlic, (ge)lustful, mynelic0 P, gewilniendlic, gew)iscendlic 02.05.05.02 Eager desire: grl!dignes, lustbl!mes .Eqaty desiring: free, geom, geomful, grfre, grl!dig, lust, ofhingrod .With eager desire: gn!diglice, neodfraece0 P .To desire eagerly: iigeoman .To daire uassively: grunciant! .Desiring aassively: lustful, oftangod See 06.02.05.04 Desire, eagerness 02.05.05.03 Semal appetite, lust: lust .Strong feeling, passion: lufu, lust, ontendnes .Youthful lust, youthful pleasure: geogu}>lust" .(or la1l8l pa•Nn) beat: h2tu

67

02.05.05.04 Sensual pleasure •Wanton excitement, titillation: tolcetung' .Evil pleasure, lust: unlust .Sinful passion: synbrync0 .Lacking in lust: unwrenc

See 12.08.08.01 Desire 02.05.05.04 Sensual pleasure: willa .Easy, pleannt, pleamrable: caJ>c, gcrydc, sOftc, wcj>e .Pleasant, without pain or discomfort: leoht. seftc .Easily, comfortably: Caj>(c), cat>clice .At ease, calmly, without trouble: softc .Gendy, softly, smoothly: smoltlice, geta:slice See 12.08.07.01 lotity, indulgence 02.05.05.04.01 Luxuries, dainties, good tbinp: est, estmctc .Fond of: estgcom .Luxury: estfulncs, wcrodncs .Delicate, delicious, dainty: Caj>gcom0 S, estful, estlic .sott: hnesce, hnesclic ..(Of beds) soft, luxurious: softe .Delicately, luxuriously: est(e)llce, hncsclice ..Luxuriously, sumptuously: wistfulliceog .SOftly, in a cushioned manner: hncsce .To enjoy thoroughly, relish (food):

~urhbriican°g

02.05.06 Sense of touch: gripung, hrcpung, brine, brining .Touch: a:tbrine, handhrinc0 P, hrepung, hrinings .Exercise of faculty of touching: hrepung .Action of touching or handling: grapung, handlung°, brine .Touch, contad: (gc)brincnes, onbrine0 ..Handgrasp: mundgripeP •Touch of an inanimate object: brine .To know by sense of touch, perceive: (ge)felan .To touch: a:thrinan, gcfelan, (ge)hrepian, hrinan, tacan on, getillan, trinans .To touch, come in contad: (ge)hrinan, o~hrinan .To touch, handle: ahrinan, (gc)gripian, handlian .Tangible, touchable: grapigcndlic .Not touching/feeling: ungripigcndc0 .Untouched: ungehrepod See 05.06.09ff Striking

68

02.05.07.01.01 (Of food, etc.) bad, tainted, rancid

02.05.06.01 To touch aM pn91: (ge)t>eowan, gel>rYccan .To press, apply Pft11SUft to: e$olan, ofsettan ..(Of hands) to bold on: habban . .. on ..To grope about, feel eamesdy: etfeohtan .A layina on (ofMncls): onisetednes°', onset(e)nes .To tickle: citclianq ..Tickling: citelung°' ..To tickle, acite, tfdllate: tinclian 02.05.06.02 Stroldnz, can 11•ng: stricung°' •To stroke: scrapian°, strician, sttoccian° •To stroke, smooth with the hand: (ge)sttican •To pat, caress, soothe: (gc)smacian .To pat, dap, mike pady: (ge)j>accian 02.05.06.03 Litklng: liccung •To lick, pe• tbe tonpe onr: (ge)liccian 02.05.07 Facalty of taste: ibir(g)ing, swec .Act of twting: (gc)birging, birgnes, onbyrignes .Tate: gcbirg°i, birgnes •Thrt~, savour: (ge)birging, sealt, smec .A taste, 8avou.r: swaec .Clear to the taete: sweotol .To twte: (gc)birgan, inbirgan°i , onbirgan, gesma:ccan, geswzccan ..To taete, sample: (ge)fandian .Tasty,delldoas: lrlic, gOd, swOtlic 02.05.07.01 Strona twte, addlty, pungency: scearpncs .Btturwww: bitemes .8oarness: siimes .Strong, bitiq, pungent: bncnde, heard, scearp, sticol ..Bitter: ilorlic°', biter, gcbiterod ..salty: sealt ..SOUr, add: lfor, mealt°, silr, unsw~e. unwerod0 ...Made soar: silr .(Of food, wine, etc.) to bite: teran .To be or become 10Ur. ibit(c)rian, biirian 02.05.07.01.01 (Of food, etc.) bad, tainted, nndd: iwyrd, genumen, unwerod°

69

02.05.07.02 Insipid .Disgusting, IUINe'>US: wealg° •To go bad, lose savour: forweorj>an

02.05.07.02 lmlpld: atmcllc0 g, unmcagolg, unscalt, unslit0 g .To become insipid: lmealliang, iweorj>an 02.05.07.03 Sweetness: swetc, swetncs, wcrodncs .SOmetbinK sweet: swetncs .Sweet: li)>e, swats, swetc, swOtlie, unsiir 0 , wcrod "Verysweet:~urhwcrod

.To grow sweet: wcrodian° .Made sweet, sweetened: gcswet, gcswetcd, gcswetlatht .(Of apples) sweet and sour. siinnilsc See 04.01.02.02.04.06 Sweeten

02.05.08 Facalty of smell: stcne, swze .Odour, smell, 1Cmt: bladcsnung, bnt~. smze, (gc)stcne, (gc)stcnencsg, SWEC

..Exhalation, i.mpng:uted air: bnl~ .Emumon of odour: ep(g)ung .Strong-smelling: swij>stinccndc0 g "Oppressive, o~ei puwering: hefig .To smell, perceive by smell: ij>ian, gcstincan, gcswECcan "To distioguisb by smell, smell out: tostinean° •To be odorous, emit odour: at~mian, bladesian, hrenian°g, stincan See 02.04.03.01.03.04 Nose

02.05.08.01 Foul smell, stench, stink: fill, fillncs, f'Ylncs, stcne .Foul-smelling, stinkln1: fill, flllstincende, reoccndc, runl 0 , stenebatrcq, stincendc, unswete .Foully: fille .To stink, emit an unpleatant smell: reocan, stcncan, stincan See 04.06.02 Insalubrious 02.05.08.02 Pleaunt smell, fragrance, perfume: zl>clstene0 P, bra~. stene, stieming, wyrtbnl~ .Quality of beina fragrant: swetncs, swOtncs .Fragrant substance, spice, perfume: wyrtgemang, wyngemengnes ..Myrrh: myna "Perfume container: stenefzt°g, gewyrtbox0 g, wyrtfztg

70 •

02.0S.09.03 To give light, restore to sight .Jl'lleennt, aweet-smellh•, fnarant: el>ele, el>ellic, feger, gOd. stencbrengende°'. gestence0 • stiemende, swete, swot. swOtstence0 8' swOtstencendeoC, welstincende0 -Roee-scented: gerOsod .Sweetly: swOte •To perfume, impart fragrance: gewyrtian -To perfume witblu with lnc:m.ce: besmocian°, recelsian, steran -To lnllllle fumes/smoke (as of lnceme): drincan See 16.02.05.09.02 Incense 02.05.09 Faculty of sight: beorht, beorbtnes, hiwung, leoht, leoma, sien,

gesiht, (ge)sihl> .E:a:erdse of sight: gesihp .Nature/power of the eye: eagegebyrd0 P .Night-sight: nihteageS .To poaen the power of sight: (ge)IOcian, seon .One who sees light: leohtsceawigendoC See 02.04.06.01 Sight organ 02.05.09.01 To open the eyes/be awake: wacian .To dose the eyes, wink, blink: bepriwan, fortynan, wincettan°, wincian,

winclianq .OeaMlgbted: scearpsiene -(Of sight) bright, dear: beorht, gleaw, scearp, torht -(Of sight) brightness, dearness: beorhtnes, scearpnes -(Of sight) brlghdy, dearly: 'beorbte, beorhtlice -(Of weing) well: gearolice, gearwe, scearpe, sweotole -To see dearly: behlwian 02.05.09.02 lnabWty to see (because of darkness): blindnes

.Blinkered, blinded: iblend .To blladlold: geblindfellian .To dim the sight: t>Costrian See 02.08.07.02.01 Defective vision 02.05.09.03 To pve light, restore to sight: (ge)lihtan, onltntan,

ontjnan eagan .To ••pm (the sight): gescierpan .To make the alabt aood: (ge)beorhtian 71

02.05.09.04 To see, look upon, behold

02.05.09.04 To eee, look upon, behold: i.16on, bchealdan, bel6cian8, bcsCon (on, tO, wi~). bewlitian, bewlnan°P, capian (iip), (ge)hiwian (on, to), (ge)l0cian (on, tO), ofs!on, ongietan, onhlwian, onl0cian, ons!on, (ge)sceawian, (ge)s!on, wlitian, wlilan .Look/see/behold!: efne (nii), heonu, loc, 16c nii, ono, seh)>e .Act ot $ftfng, look, slaac:e: ant&:, bebealdnes, I&:, gcsiht, (ge)sih~ .To gau, stare: gorettan, gorian, (ge)starian (on, to) ..Act of gazing: gorettung°S .To look round: ymbli'>cian'. ymbscCawian, ymbseon ..Act of looking round: ymbsceawungl .To look asluulct'lsideways: bescylan° ••(Of eyes) turned away: glyrendel .To look forth: forj>besCon°S, forl>(ge)locian •To overtook: oferseon 02.05.09.05 To watch, obeene, llll'Vey: begiman, behealdan, besceawian, bewitian, cepan, geondsceawian, geondwlnan, oferseon, geseon, ymbwlitian .Looking at, observation, watchh•: begimen, besceawung, ceping, foregimncsoS , hiwung, ofergcmncs°', ymbs!on, ymbwlituog .Obaener, spectator: ztstandend, behealdend, bescCawereoS, bescCawigend, giemend, hiwere0 ' insceawerel. onlociend, sceawere, sceawigeod, tOhiwiend', wlitere0 , ymbstandeod, ymbwlitend ..Jn a drde: hringsittcnd' .To look through, eumine: ~urhsCon, l>wbwlnanP .To examine, study: (ge)cneordl~can . cunnian, (ge)sceawian .Inspection, examination: iosceawungl, sceawung .Act of witnessing, witness: gewitncs, (ge)witscipe ..An eye-witness: gewita, (ge)witnes 02.05.09.06 Tbfag seen, sight, vision: ansien, bescCawodness , gesiht, (ge)si~

.To appear, be 9eCn: ztiewan, ztsceawian°, o~iewan .To appear, come to light: oohlidan, iip imylan .To show dearly, shine: scinan .To shine tbroaab: blican .To peep oat: tOtian ilt See 06.01.02.01.01 Vision, apparition 02.05.09.07 Form, appearance, aspect: andwlita, bleo, hiw, sceawung, wlite

72

02.05.10 Faculty of hearing 02.05.09.08To1erm, appe•r to be: beon/wesan gesicnc, (ge)l>yncan 02.05.09.09 Visible: ansieneP, eagsyne0 P, ell>gesieoeP, forpgesyne0 P, gesewen, gesewenlic, gesiene, gesfenelic, sweotol •Visibly: gesewenlice, gesienelice -Where all may ae, plelnly: foran ..Pleinly, with one's eyes: l-agsynes 02.05.09.10 Look-out place: prtwq, sceawungst6w, yppe ,Rill: t6thyllq •Wetcbtower: sceawere, weardsteall«, weardst6w og 02.05.09.11 Mirror: sceawere, sunscinoS 02.05.09.12 To sbow: s:tiewan, on cage beran, 01>rewan .Showing, displey: ztjwednes, s:tjwnes, l-awdnes .A visible displey, manifestation: s:teowodnes, sweotolung, ypping .A sigbt,sbow,spectede: wzfemesoS, w~fersyn, wzfl>/wzft. wlitung0 , wliteseon°P, wunderseon°P, wundrung -Worldly sight: woruldsceawung0 See 09.05.05.01 Manifestation

02.05.09.13 lmisible: oriege0 , ungesewen, un(ge)sewenlic, ungesyue0 «, ungesynelic, unsweotol .Invisibly: ungesewenlice Jlldden from sight, secnt: dfegol .Hard to see: earfol>hlwe, earfol>~ne P .Bard to ftnd: earfol>fynde0 .Blurred, feint: dimm 0

02.05.09.14 To vanish, dlnppear: s:tdwinan°, iidl(i)an, islupan, ij>winan°, gedrysnian«, gedwfnan, fordwinan, t6l>winan° 02.05.10 Femltyofbeulna: !arc, heorcnung, (ge)hremes, (ge)hlyst .To bear: (ge)hieran, ofhreran°, ongietan -To ovea bear: oferhleran .Haarina: gehering°S, gehremes, hlCot>or, (ge)hlyst .To 'Wea (to): (ge)heorcnian, (ge)hreran, hlosnian, hlysnan, (ge)hlystan, ontynan earan .Act oflistmina: heorcnung, (ge)hlyst, hlysting° •Tbat llttens: hlosniende, hlysnende 73

02.05.10.01 Thing heard .A listener. (ge)hierend, hlosnere', hlysnere0 S, hlystend, hlystere0 , t6hlystend .Inattentive to sound, falling to hear: oferhleopur0 P .To stop, dose the ean: forolyccan caran See 02.04.06.02 Hearing organ; 02.08.07.03.01 Deafness 02.05.10.01 Thing beard: gehiemesoS .8ound, noise: hlem0 , hleopor, sang, stefn, sweghlwporP, sweging, swegnes0 S. swinsung, wop .To sound, make a sound: dynian, hleoprian, hl6wan, gesellan stefn, styrian, swegan .8ounding: hlwpriende .Audible: gehierendlic, gehlyste0 , sweotol .Clear: beorht, freabeorht, hidor ..In battle: heal>utorht0 P .Clearly: hidre, openlice .To sound dearly: beorhtian 02.05.10.02 Noise, din: (ge)dyne, (ge)hlynn, brympe0 , hwelung0 S, sweg, gepun .Loudness, clamour: hliidnes .Loud: hliid, micel, onswij>lic0 , ungefOglic .Loudly: be &One, hliide, hliidswege, swij>e .To make a noise: hriixlian°', rfotan ..To sound forth: on(i)swegan ..To sound loudly/noisUy: hlydan, bropan 02.05.10.03 Noise, tumult, uproar: breahtm, (ge)hlyd, hlyding°', bream. gehriixl, prass, storm, unstil(l)nes, wOma .At dawn: iihthlem0 P .In battle: heresweg°P. hildesweg0 P, hildewOmaP, wfgcyrm0 P .On day of judgement: heofonwOmaP .Made by living cratul"ell: gedra:gP .Of thunder: punorridstefn°P •Thunderous: punorlicS, punorridlic0 S .To make a noise, thunder: punian .Rumbustious, nol$y: hlydende .Overloud, noisy, clamorous: hlildclipoloS, hremigP, oferhlild, oferblydeS .Overloudly: oferhlOde .To surpass in loudness: oferhleoprian •To overpower with sound: idyfan°

74

02.05.10.10 Clattering, noise

02.05.10.04 To raoaacl: lhleot>fian, cracian', hleot>fian, onscillan°' .Echo: windmncr°', wudmnzr' .To echo back: oncweJ>an .To IOUDd, resound, make a aolse: dynian, hlynnan

: hlagolendeoS, hleglendel .sonorous: scicll0 P .To resound, sound loudly: scrallettanP, scyllan .To resound, roar: hlimmanP, hlynsian, onhwclan°1, l>Cotan .To make to resound, knock: clynnan .Resouncliog din: swegdynn°P

02.05.10.05 RoariJll, nsins: bren1ung°I, byrstende, grymet(t)ung .To IUrp, grind, roar: grillan, grindan, grymet(t)an, hwelan°P, hwoperian ..To roar again; lhlOwan°' .Lowing, bellowing: gchlOw, hlOwung .YeHlns, shrillln&: giellcnde, gylicnde .To yeU, shrill, scnecb: gicllan, gylian, scriccettan°1 02.05.10.06 Hanh IOUDd: hwo)>rung0 1 .Noisy, creaky, ltrldent: hrfstlende, tiryscende •To m•ke a cn•ldng sound: breahtmianl, cearcian, ceorran°, gyrran, tiryscan 02.05.10.07 A caashlns, noise: gebrzc, byrst, cearcetung°, gcstun, punungl .To crash, crack: berstan, brccan, stunian, swegan .Cnddng: liJ>erlic0 1, smyllcndeoS .To cause something to dnb, to cnsb: behlcmmanP, hlcmmanP .A 1011acling blow,mueck: dynt, plztt'I 02.05.10.08 A crackllq, rua-tling: gcbrutl, brastlung .c..1r11111, msdtng: brastlicnde .To crackle, msde: ibraslian°, brzclian°, brastlian 02.05.10.09 A hiaing, whhdlns: hwistlung .To m•lre a hlalns sound: Ahwistlian, hwistlian .To wblzz: hwinan°P 02.05.10.10 Clattering, noise: clatrung°I, clidren' .A rattling: hrfscungq, bristle .To rumble, rattle: briitan .To gnash, chatter: gryrran°8 75

02.05.10.11 Clang, sound of metal 02.05.10.11 a •.., sound of metal: cnyll .a.agoor: clangettung°g .To resound, ring: clynnan, (ge)hringan .To jingle, sound: gliwian .5ounding as bl'lla, tinkling: zren .To make clang by shaking: hrisian •.By shaking together: gehrisian .To strike, knock, d8p: (ge)cnyllan 02.05.10.12 An audible signal: beac.en •To make sound by • stroke: st~ .Sipal that marks the hour: stund .A board struck to give a signal: tabule 02.05.10.13 Sound of bell/musiaal imtnunent: hleol>or, stefn .To ring (a bell, etc.): (ge)hringan .To sing, make regulated/modulated sound: (ge)singan 02.05.10.13.01 A bell: belle, clugge0 .A bandbell: handbelle .Capper: ctipur See 16.02.05.05.02 Church bell

02.05.10.13.01.01 Stroke/sound of a bell: cnyll .A bell-stroke as signal: bellticen, cnyll ..Bell for summoning moot: motbell 0 -Bell for putting on shoes: sc0cnyl1° .To strike, ring a bell: (ge)cnyllan, (ge)hringan .Bell-ringing: belhring ..5ound of bell-ringing: belhringes bCacn -.Atnoon:nonhring0 .A bell-ringer: bellringestre0 .Flnt ringing: forecnyll 0 .To 1U1DOUDce a time by ringing: hringan 02.05.10.14 Sound of water: wzterstefn°P •?To plash: l>Cotan 02.05.10.15 Voice, cry (of living creature): geb2ru, hleol>or, gehlyd, (ge)reord, sang, stefn .Opening mouth and uttering sound: ginung

76

02.05.10.15.05 Hoarseness

.To open mouth and utter 90UDd: ginian ..To utter 90UDd: cohhetan°P .8ound made by the voice, a cry: gehlyd, bream, sweg, swcghleot>orP .aear-voiced: beorhtword0 P .SOaorous, deep: swcglic°S See 09 Speech

02.05.10.15.01 To raise (the voice), raiw ap (noise): irzran, hebban, onhcbban, geuferian .Rahed, load: h!alic .Loodly: healice .A shout, howl: (ge)l>Cot .To roar, bellow, make a loud aolse: bylgan, circian°P, grimman, hlydan .aamour, outcry: ccarm/cinn, ceir', geclips, clipung, herecirm0 P , herewOp0 P. hrOp, onbrop .Clamorous, squalling: blaegettende0 , bremigP .Violent speech, outcry: gehlyd •To speak loud, cry aloud: ceallian°P, hlydan •To cry out, call (out): breodianP, gcgan°1, hrepan', ofclipian, oferclipian' .To call out, cry, adalm: (ge)ciegan, (ge)clipian .One who calh: cigere0 1 .Ob!: & .To shriek, shout: cirman, hrieman, styrman .To acn:am: scn!man° .To call out (like gooR/cock): gn!dan 02.05.10.15.02 Gnmting, bellowiq: grun(n)ung' .To grunt: grunnettan°1, grun(n)ian 02.05.10.15.03 Groaning: gesten°, poterung .To groan, howl: stenan, l>oterian .To sigh, groan: onsican, sicettan 02.05.10.15.04 Gawting of teeth: gristbitung, gristbite0 , gristbilung, gristlungOI .To pa•b the teeth: gristanq, gristbltian, gristbitian .To make a gnashing IOUDd: gnyrran, grindan 02.05.10.15.05 Hoaneness: hisnes .Roane: his, hisgrumeJ0 1, hisriinigende0 , hisswege0 ' .To sound hoarse: hishrimanq

77

02.05.10.15.06 A roar, bowl, etc. •To be/become boane: hisian°

02.05.10.15.06 A roar, bowl, etc.: geriir 0 .Bellowing, roarma: rirung' .To bellow, roar: bellan, gyrretanS, ririan, ryn, rynan •To low: bl6wan .To bleat: bhttan •To snort: fneran .Howling: gep&>t ..To bowl (like a wolf): J>eotan .Barking: bearceq, (ge)beorc, byrce ..To bark (at): beorcan (on), borcianq .Whining: bwinsung° ..To whine: hwinsian° .Neighing: hna!gung ..To neigh: hna!gan .8queaking (of mice): hwicung°, hwiscettung° .Croaking~ crfS, cntcetung°' ..To croak: cricettan°, (ge)criwan, gntdan -Horribly: miscrocettan° .To cry, chatter: hlydan 02.05.10.15.07 Voice, note (of a blnl): hleoJ>or .SOna: sang, sweg ..To sing: (ge)singan .To cry, call: galan .To scream: begiellan°P .To chirp: writian .To duck: cloccian° .Cock-crowing: hana.ung°, hancrCd .Noise of storks: cracelun~ .8ound of wlnp: fepersweg°

02.05.10.16 Quiet, 90ft, faint: gedefe, gehwa!de, stille .Low, not loud: unhlOd0 .Not loudly: diegollice .(Of voice) small, not loud: sma:I .(Of voice) not loudly: smale .A mattering, murmurina: hwisprung°' .To matter, marmar: hwisprian' 78

02.06.01.01 Flesh of dead animal .lnaadlbly: stillrce

02.05.10.17 Ablence of noise or cllstarbaoce: stilO)nes .Siience, quiet: forsuwung°', smyltnes, stil(l)nes, swrge, swigung .:.Silence (lack of music): unsang°« .SUent: stille, swige .SUendy: stillfce, swigiendlice0 «, swiglic.e0 , swiglunga« .To be silent, not to IOUDd: stillan, swig(i)an .To silence, prevent a IOUDd: gestillan See 13 Peace, tranquillity 02.05.10.17.01 Dumb,slleat: dumb .To keep sllmce: idumbian, aetswigan°, forswigian .To become silent, stop spc•kl"I: opswigan° See 09.02.02 DumbMss 02.06 Animal; d&>r, n!at, nieten .Race of animals: d&>rcynn .WUcl animal: deor, wildeor -Race of wild animals: wildecynn°', wildeorcyn°' ..Of/conceming wild animals; deorenl, r!J>e, wilddeorcn°, wilde .A four-footed animal: fi}>erfOtnieten ..Four-footed: teoweriete, teowerfflt(ed)e .Of the 8eld: feldgangende .Creature of the heath: ~l>stapaP, mOrstapa .A noxious animal: bita', gisrlc°', wildd&>r .A IOlitary animal: ingenga, sundorgenga0 .A benl, drove of animals: drif, Oocc .Yoong of animal: fola, sunu -Yoa"I collectively: t!am, tiidor ..5ac:ldng animal: dfend«, meolcd!ond«, meolcsilc.end ..Mother: mOdor -With foal, mUcb: gefol 0 , meolc .A maimed animal: gldinca' .Aquatic: wacterlic°I See 02.05.10.15/f Voice, cry 02.06.01 Animal parts/activities: 02.06.01.01 lilesb of dead animal: myrten, steorfa See 04.01.02.01.02 Food 79

02.06.01.02 Head 02.06.01.02 Head: .Animal with ftasb OD forehead: steornedc0 g .Hom: horn -Having horns: hombzreog, homcde0 , gehymcd _(Of a snake) hoaoed: gerumpcn -.Not having horns: hnotg, homlw0 g .Tusk: ban, hildctux0 P -Fanaed: geteJ>ed0 .Snout, trunk: bile, nypcl0 • wrot .Long-necked: langsweorcd 02.06.01.03 Barnl, body of animal: byrla0 , hyrdelg .Shoulder: bOg .Stomach, maw: felofe(o)rt>' .Teat: gesceapl>Cote0 P 02.06.01.04 Leg: .Foreleg: carm, fOt(en)sccanca .Foot: mt -Front of foot: t!J>emund°P, furl>ra _aoven·footed: cliferlete, twigzrcde0 , twisnzcce0 , twfsnese0 g -Uncloven: unt0clofen° -Hom-footed: homf0tod0 g -White-footed: fitelf0ta0 g, hwntotg -Cniel-pawed: sll)>hende0 P -Hoof: clawu, hOf -Having hooves: geh0fod0 02.06.01.05 Tall: steort, tzgel 02.06.01.06 Skin, bide: fell, flies, hyd, hyrd, scinn/scynn, sweard .Hair on an animal's back: hrycghitr 0 ..Shaggy: raggig .Mane: manu -Having a mane: gemane0 -With twisted mane: wundcnfeax0 P .Tall hair: tzglht:r 0 .Firm nail, talon: stedenzgeJ0 P See 04.04.06 Undressed hide 02.06.01.07 Breeding, batching: brOd 80

02.06.02.01.02 Cat .A brood: brOd .A mate: gemaca, symbelgemeca0 .(Of ewe) with 1oanc, y•n•na: geeane0 .(Of cow) peat with calf: gccealfe0 .To brina forth: br&lan .To cal•e: 009lfian -To celt • calf: miscealfianoS

02.06.01.08 A lair, dm: (ge)bedcleofa, denn, incleofe .A dm: pytt, seat> .A burrow, bole: hol -A barrow, nenow ,.••ce: aypel .An otter's bole: oterbola0 .A fox's earth: foxbol .A t.dger sett: brocchol .A wolf's den: wulfbol' .Home of sea-monsten: nicorhi.1s0 P .Home of k l pents: wynngeard°P .An ant·bW: emetbcd°, emethylJ 0 ..Food in an ant's nest: bedgerid° .A nest: nest .To 1M1tea mst: nestlianoC, nist(i)an'. nistl(i)an 02.06.02 DoaMSdc ••l1Mh, U•atocli:~ eht, ceap, cwi~ht , feoh, icrfc .Herd: heord .Animals for slaqbten sliebt -A fatted enl1Mllblrd: f&lcls°' .Dnmgbt •nlm•l(a): weorf See 04.02.05 Livestock 0

02.06.02.01 Particular anlm•la (alphabetical order): 02.06.02.01.01 Am: esol .A young-= weorf .A female aa: asse(n), assmyre0 , esole .A male aa: assa -Used for harrowing: cgl>wirfO .Male: mot -As beast of burden: Karnere 02.06.02.01.02 Cat: 81

02.06.02.01 .03 Cattle .A femele cat: catte .A male cat: catt

02.06.02.01.03 Cattle: hnper, hwyorf, n~ nieten, orf .Of/conceming cattle: hri}>eren° .(Of cattle) given to butting: hnitol .Race of cattle: nietencynn, orfcynn .Deni of cattle: hnperheord .Cattle for slaughter: sleghryJ>er, slegn&t0 •Working cattle: weorcnyun° .Pulured cattle: feldhnper 0 • feldoxa .Stabled cattle: faldhrf)>er 0 .Dang of cattle: weorftord0 P .Young of cattle, call: cealf, cOcealf, frymetling° .Cow: co -Belonpn1 to the people: folccu0 P ..For sleughter: metecu ..Eye of• cow: cu cage ..Hom of a cow: cUhom -Tall of a cow: cOtsegl -Urine of a cow: ciimicge0 • cumigoJ>a0 -Heifer: beahfore .Ball: bula. fearhryJ>er, fearr -Oflconcemina a ball: fearlic0 S ..A bull-calf: bulloc ..A steer: steor ..An ox: oxa ...An old ox: eald hnper - (Of OX) gelded: gildet -As beast of burden: n&t ...An ox at mill: mylenoxa0 ...An ox-calf: oxancealF -.A steer: st&>roxaog

02.06.02.01.04 Dog: docga0 S. hund .Of/concaoin1 a dot: hunden, hundlic .A mad dog: wedehund .A bitch: bicce, life .A young dog: hwelp(a) .A huntfna-clog: hund, welhwelp0 P

82

02.06.02.01.07 Pig, swine ..A deta bcwlncl; ~und, hrinhund ..A aaeybouncl: grfghund ..A •••tiff: rot>hund', ryJ>l>a ..A .uer: niece'

02.06.02.01.05 Goat: .A female goat: git ..Of/coDCel"Dinc a goat: buclic°', byccen°, gl!ten .A male goat: gitbuccaoC. b&fer .A kid: becen, ticcen See 02.06.03.01.08 Wikl goat

02.06.02.01.06 Hone: hors, mearh, wicg .Stud, herd of: stM ..Herd belongina to a lord: inheord0 .A pey or white bone: blanca, sceam0 P .(Of bone) shod: calcrond°P .Aa Inferior bone: stot .(Of horse) pl.led: geallcde .A mare: hyrse, mierc ..A broodmare: stOdmyre .A ICallloa: hors, st!da, gest&ihors, st0dhors0 ..A year old stallion: wintersteal ..A colt: colt .A working bone: hors ..A plcting, bone, steed: hengest ..A mount: ridhors0 , nt.dbors0 , onrid° ...A war-bone, duuaer: eohP ...A ceremoalaJ bone: fril>hengest°P ..A draqbt-bone: eafor ...A cart-bone: cnetehors°' ...A pwk-bone: ealfara, seamborsoC .(Of a bone) pllaful in movement: swancorP

See 05.12.01.05 Ride

02.06.02.01.07 Pis, swine: ~g, pecg°, swrn .Of/conc:ernlna swine: swrnen, swfnlic0 1 ..Hallarown: healfeald0 .Herd of swine: sunor .Swme (fataeaed) for tmlna: tedetsswrn, sliehtswYn

83

02.06.02.01.08 Sheep .Shank of swine: sccnceVscenceng .A )'OUDI pfa: fcarhB, picgaq ..A YOUlll pig kept la a sty: strfearh0 .A IOW: sii/sugu ..A banen sow: giltc ..A sow in farrow: gcfearhsugu ..A IOW'I womb: fcarhhamaog ..A )'ODDI IOW: gilte .A boar: bir, gcaltez' ..A male lamb: purlamb0

02.06.03 WUd •nlm•I: 02.06.03.01 Particalar animals (alphabetical order): 02.06.03.01.01 Badger: brocc 02.06.03.01.02 Bat: cwcldcn!dcB, brcapcmus, hreremusg 02.06.03.01.03 Bear: bcra .Of/coace1 olng a bear: bircng .A female bear: bircn(c)/byrcnc .A beanldn: bcrascin° 02.06.03.01.04 Bl9on:

Qr, wcscnd'

84

02.06.03.01.13 Rodents .A bilon•s born: wcsendhom0

02.06.03.01.05 Boar: bir, cofor, coforswin°, wildeswin° See 02.06.02.01.07 Pig 02.06.03.01.06 Deer, bart: hcorot .Of/coac:enUnc deer: hcorten° .A deenldn: heor1>a8 .A YOUDI deer: hindcealf' ..Skin of a YOWll deer: nesc .A IDl!le deer: bucca, buchcort08 ..A sta1: hCahder, st•gga ..A roebuck: rl, rlhd!or .A rana•e deer: di, hind .An elk: eolh' .A reindeer: deor, hrin, wilddeor ..A m""-"' .. decoy: st&lhrin° 02.06.03.01.07 Fos: fox .A ranale ros, vhen: fyxc0 ..A vhm skin: fyxcnhyd° 02.06.03.01.08 Goat: stlnbucca0 &, wudugit .A male 1oat: wudubucca .A lnn••e 1oat: ~gc See 02.06.02.01.05 Domesticated goat 02.06.03.01.09 Heclgebos= hercnfagol/haltcfagol'I, n .Hedpbop: crinaces0 P 02.06.03.01.10 Marten: mcart> 02.06.03.01.11 Mole: wand', wandcweorpe 02.06.03.01.12 Otter: otor 02.06.03.01.13 Rodents: .Beaver: bcfcr .Dormouse: hcarma8, sisemus& .Hare: hara .Mome: miis ..A tbieviJ11 mouse: mllsJ>CofO'

85

02.06.03.01.14 Weasel

.Rat: rzt°g .Shrew: scirfemiisoS, screawaS .8qulrnl: licwcor(na)ll 02.06.03.01.14 Weasel: wesle 02.06.03.01.15 Wolf: mearcweard0 P, wulf .Head of a wolf: wulfes heafod .A female wolf: wylfg, wylfen ..Of/concerning a female wolf: wylfen 02.06.04 Exodc animals: 02.06.04.01 Puticular node anlm•I• (alphabetical order): 02.06.04.01.01 Ape: apa 02.06.04.01.02 Camel: camel, olfenda/-e .A camel as mount: steda .A female camel: olfendmyre0 02.06.04.01.03 Elephant: elpend, yip .An elephant's task: elpendbln, elpendtOl>og "Of ivory: elpendbltnen 02.06.04.01.04 IDppopotamus: nicor, sithengestS 02.06.04.01.05 Hyena: nihtgenge' 02.06.04.01.06 Ibex: firgenbucca0 • firgengiit 02.06.04.01.07 lclmeumou: nltderbitaS 02.06.04.01.08 Leopard: lafor 0 , l!opard0 , pardus 02.06.04.01.09 Liou: leo, leona/-e .F1esb of lion: leonftzsc0 .A young lion: leonhwelp0 g 02.06.04.01.10 Lyu: lox 02.06.04.01.11 Panther: pall>er 0 , pandher 0 P

86

02.06.06.02.01 .04 Minnow

02.06.04.01.12 Tlpr: trger .Of/concu11ln1 a tiler: tigrisc0 02.06.05 Marine animal: Sl!wiht° See 02.06.10.01.05 Sea-monster

02.06.05.01 Particular marine animals (alphabetical order): 02.06.05.01.01 Dolphin: delfin°K, hran, mereswin 02.06.05.01.02 Seal: seolh 02.06.05.01.03 Walrus: horschwae1° 02.06.05.01.04 Whale: fyrnstreama geftota, hran, hranfix, hwael, waeterprsaP .Of/concemiq a whale: hwaelen°P 02.06.06 Jilsb: fisc, Sl!fisc .Race offish: brimhlaest°P, fisccynn, holmes hlaest, waeterleod0 1l .Swimming in the sea: laguswimmend0 P, yt>wOrigende°K .Shoal or fish: scolu

.A small fish: fiscince1°K, fiscl>rUt°K See 04.01.02.01.02 07 Fish

02.06.06.0l Part or fish: .Fin: finn .Gills: cianK .scaJe (offish, seapent, etc.): sciell 02.06.06.02 Rl•er fish, fr-esbwater fish: !afisc .Fm-fish: fenfisc0 02.06.06.02.01 Particular 8sb (alphabetical order): 02.06.06.02.01.01 Burbot: l!lepiitell, cwappa/cwaepq 02.06.06.02.01.02 Eel: Ill, lllfisc0 , egeswinoS, grundling0 , ior 0 P, sl!~l .Eelsldn: lllhyd° 02.06.06.02.01.03 Gudpon, bleak: bhtge 02.06.06.02.01.04 Minnow: myne 87

0

S

02.06.06.02.0 I .OS Perch 02.06.06.02.01.05 Perch: hers' 02.06.06.02.01.06 Pike: cypera, hacod', homfisc 02.06.06.02.01.07 Roach, rudd: scealga 02.06.06.02.01.08 Tench, mullet: slrws 02.06.06.02.01.09 Trout: fom, sceota, triiht .Small trout: fometecle' 02.06.06.03 Safhh: 02.06.06.03.01 Particular sea8sb (alphabetical order): 02.06.06.03.01.01 Flounder, 8uke: ft0cS 02.06.06.03.01.02 Herring: grindle, hl!ring 02.06.06.03.01.03 Lamprey: lamprede0 8, lempedu0 8, merenzddra8 02.06.06.03.01.04 Mullet: heardhara8, mecefisc0 .8ea mullet: tygle0 8 02.06.06.03.01.0S Plaice, loacb: facgoS 02.06.06.03.01.06 Ray: reohha8, ruhha8 02.06.06.03.01.07 Salmon: leax .A spawning salmon: cypera

02.06.06.03.01.08 Sardine: smelt 02.06.06.03.01.09 Sn bream: 1>unorbodu0 S 02.06.06.03.01.10 Shad: sceadd 02.06.06.03.01.11 Sprat: sprott 02.06.06.03.01.12 Squid, cuttlefish: cudele0 8 , wisescite 0 8 02.06.06.03.01.13 Sturgeon: styri(g)a 02.06.06.03.01.14 Whitin&: hwitling°8

88

02.06.07.02 Frog, toad

02.06.06.04 Shellfish~ sciell, sciellfisc .Of/CODCe1'11lng sbellftsb: scielliht .Without shell: unscelleht° .Shellfish yielding dye: wunna(-e) 02.06.06.04.01 Particular sbellfisb (alphabetical order): 02.06.06.04.01.01 Cockle, whelk:

~og,

weoloc, weolocscyll

02.06.06.04.01.02 Crab: crabba', hacfeml, hindergenga', wacterbacfem 0 02.06.06.04.01.03 Lobster: lopost'. loppestrcl 02.06.06.04.01.04 Morel: muscel(le)I 02.06.06.04.01.05 Oyster: ostre, dostre0 .8bell: osterscyll 02.06.06.04.01.06 Sea-mall: dsnacgl' 02.06.06.04.01.07 Winkle: dwinewincle0 , winewincle 02.06.07 Reptile (seapeut, make, drqon): wyrm .Race of reptiles: wyrmcynn 02.06.07.01 Reptile (mpeut, make): slincend, snaca .Snake: ru!drc -Race of smkes: nedercynn 02.06.07.01.01 Part of make: .8lougb of make: llsmogu0 , insmoh0 .Coil of make: slite .Three-forked tongue: l>flslite tunge, prfsnaccce tunge 02.06.07.01.02 Particular awkes: 02.06.07.01.02.01 Viper, up: a.spide .A type of adder: ipnalis0 02.06.07.01.02.02 Watersnake: wactemlldrel 02.06.07.02 Fros, toed: padde, tosca, yce .Swamp-froa: fenyce0 P

89

02.06.07 .03 Liwd, newt

.Fros: frogga. frosc, wseterfrocga0 .Toad: tid(ig)e 02.06.07.03 Lb.anl, newt: IJ>exe', efete .Bllnchrorm: sllwyrm 02.06.08 Bird: feJ>erberend', fteogenda, fugel, heofonfugolP, lyftfteogend0 P .Race of birds: fugelcynn .YOODg bird: bridd, fugeltimber 0 P ..Nestllngs in nest: nest -Unfledged: ungefe)>ered0 S, unftycge0 S .To be fleclaed: fel>rian' 02.06.08.01 Part of bird: .Feather: fel>er -Plumage: wzd(e) -Wing: fel>er, fil>erc -Tall: fintaP ..Feathered: gefe)>eredS, fe!>riht0 S -Dark-feathered: salupid0 P, salwigfepera0 P, salwigpidP -Dewy-feathered/-winged: dcawigfeJ>eraP, iirigfepercP -Grey-feathered: haswigfet>rc0 P .Crest, comb: camb, scield .Beak: neb(b) ..Having a beak: gebilod° •••Raving a horny beak: hymednebbaP .Crop, craw: cropp .Claw: clawu, clifer •Web-looted: ftaxf'Ote0 , ftohtenf'Ote0

.Ea:zg ..Shell: zgscill, sciell -OI •hen's eu: hennescil1° -Fllm, skin: atgerfelma0 02.06.08.02 Domestic fowl: hlmhennq, henna

.Fatted fowl: tedelfugol°' .Table bird: capun, cicen .Young fowl: cicen .Female fowl: cwenfugol, henn, hennfugol .Male fowl, cock: carlfugol 0 , cocc, hana .(Of a hen) broody: brodig° 90

02.06.08.04 Bird of prey

.To lay 1111: egru lccgan .To ilM'llbete •nd lwtcb: br&fan See 04.01.02.01.02.06 Chicken 02.06.08.02.01 Partic:u1ar fowl (alpbabedcal order): 02.06.08.02.01.01 Dack: dike, ened 02.06.08.02.01.02 Gooee: g0sfugo)O .Female 1ooee: gos .Male aooee, pnder. gandra .A white aooee: hWJ"legOs°' 02.06.08.02.01.03 P.MOCk: piwa .Fll'ftU!le pcllCOCk: piwe, pea0 02.06.08.02.01.04 Plpoa, clove, culver: cul fer •'J'urtle.clove: turtla, turtur ..Female turtle-don: turtle, turtun:

02.06.08.03 Game-bird: .Moor-fowl: fenfugolq .Cusbat dove: cilscote' .Moon:ock, cock-pbea1ant: morhana°'. wOrhana ..Mooabeo, ben-pbea•ant: wOrbenn• .Partriqe: pemexop .Quail: edischenn, erschen -QuaWcorncrake: sccgsciral .Snipe: heferbl~te', snllel _WOQ.-knlpe: wudusnllel

.Woodcock: holthana', hrucge, wuducoccl, wuduhona0 1 .Wood-piaeon: wuduculfre' 02.06.08.04 Bird of prey: herefugoJ0 P, n!fugoJ0 P, welc!asega0 P, wr0cq .Bn•••nl: tysca°'

.Eatte: earn ..As warbawk: giiJ>fugoJ0 P, giiJ>hafoc0 P -Race of eqles: eamcynn° .Falcon: fealcen, heoruswealwe0 P -Gerfalcoa: wealhhafoc' .Hawk: hafoc, hafocfugel0 91

02.06.08.05 Forest bird, wild-fowl

-Race of hawks: hafoccynn -Goshawk: goshaf~ -Kestrel, m01•sebawk: mfiseres, mushaf~. pyttel ..SpalTOw-bawk: spearhaf~ .Kite: puttoc -Kitelbittern: cyta, glida. puttaq -Red kite: blcrig pyttcl .Osprey: herefong&

•Vulture: camgCap/-geats. ors. ultur 0 02.06.08.05 Forest bird, wild-fowl: wudufugol .A bee-haunting bird: treowfugoJ0 P .Blackbird: osle

.Comcrakdquail: sccgsciraS .Crow: cracaq -Crow, raven: criwa, criwe .Cuckoo: geac .Fieldfare: clodhammcr0 8, feldfare0 8 .Finch: finc8, ragufinc8 ••Cbaftinch: ccaffinc -Linnet: linete0 S, lrntwig(l)cl! -Goldfinch: goldfinc8 -Goldfinchllinnet: l>isteltwigcS ,Jackdaw: ci0 , cidac, ccahhc, ceo .Lapwing: lz:pewince .Lark: liwerce8 -Titlark/warbler: swcrtling0 8 .Magpidjay: agu0 8, aguster 0 8, higera .Nightingale: nihtegale .Nuthatch: geolna0 8 , rindeclifcr 0 S .Owl: ors, ulc .Raven: hcardnebba0 , hrzfn, lyftsccaJ>a0 P, nihtegale, nihthriefnog, nihthroc0 S •• Ravenlcrow: criwa, criiwe -Race of ravens: hrz:fncynn .Redstart: saeltna0 8, salthaga0 s .Robin: ntdda0 8, rudduc .Rook: hrOc .Spa1TOw: hrandsparwa0 8, neodspearuwa0 8, spearwa, succaq -Hedgespa1TOw: bzgsugga/hegesuggcS

.Starling: dropfig&, st&r, stzrlingas

92

02.06.09 Insect/small creature .Swallow: swealwe .Thrush: !>rfstling, J>rostle, t>rysce ..Missel-thrush: scric' .Titlark/wagtall: sugga' .Titmouse: colmiselcummise, frecmise8' mases' spicmise0 g ..Blue titmouse: hfcemlse' .Woodpecker: final, hicol ..Green woodped:er: speohtq .Wren: wrcnna ..Wrmlwagtall: yrl>ling .Yellowhammer: omerg 02.06.08.06 Water bird: .Water-fowl: fugeldoppeog ..Diver: dopened, dopfugelg .Gull, sea-bird: brimfugoJ0 P, ~w .Bittern: cytag, felofor, fryscag, ha:ferbli:teS, riradumblag .Cormorant/ibis: scealfor/-ra, scnebl! .Crane: crans, cranoc' .Curlew: hwilpe0 P .Gannet: ganot

.Heron: hragra' .Ibis/cormorant: scealfor/-ra8, scra:bl! .Kinlfkber: fiscere, rseams .Plover: hulfestre0 S .S-Nlmuiia: Sl!swalweq, sta:t>swealwe .sandpiper: stint ..Dunlin: pilr

.Stork: store .Swan: ilfetu, swan .Tern: steam, teamog •Wild goose: gn!ggoss, wildgoss ..Barnade goose: bymeteog 02.06.08.07 Exotic bird: .Ostrich: strYta' .Panot: hrce0 S, rCodmut>aog .Pelican: dfifedoppa. pe))jcan°P, St!Jlge))aS, W&nf0ta0 S 02.06.09 IDMct/nnaH creature:

93

02.06.09.01 Parasite .A venomous Insert: spilaeg°' .Mite, small Insect: grimena0 g, mitcS, stzlgicst°P, twinwynn°g .Ins«t found In wine: mustwynnq

02.06.09.01 Paruite: flea, pie! .Animal parulte: hundcsfteoge, hundcslils, hundcspeo!, sweorhnitu0 g .Itch·mite: handwynn .Leech: h!ce .Louse: liis ..Eu of louse, nit: hnitu .Tick: ticia0 g

02.06.09.02 Particular Insects (alphabetical order): 02.06.09.02.01 Ant: l!mette 02.06.09.02.02 Bee, hoaoet, wasp: .Bee: beo, dora. feldbeo -Queen bee: beomOdcr ..Drone: drin ..Swarm of bees: beogangg, swcann, ymbc -To swarm: swirman .Hoaoet/pdfty: hymct(u) •Wasp: waeps

See 04.02.05.06.08 Bee-keeper 02.06.09.02.03 Beetle: bitela', budda0 g, ceafor, cort>ceafcr0 g, toroc°S, wibba0 g, wicga, wifel, ymel .Black beetle: hrzdbita' .Com-weevil: hamstraq, ymcl .Dung-beetle: scearnbuddaq, scearnwibba0 g, tordwifel0 02.06.09.02.04 Butterfty, moth: .Caterpillar: cawelwurmg, leafwynng, treowwynng -Caterplllar/cankerworm: m2lsceafa! .Butterfty: butcrfteogcS, fifaldcS .Moth: mot>J>e. nihtbutorfteoge 02.06.09.02.0S Cricket, 1rassbopper, locust: .Cricket, grasshopper: hima', hyllehamag .Grasshopper, locust: gershoppa, stapag, wealdstapa0 g

94

02.06.10.01.03 Half of another kind .Locust: broc°', loppestre&

02.06.09.02.06 Earwig: earwicga 02.06.09.02.07 F1y: fteoge .Flies: mysci0 P .Race of 8ics: fteohcynn°P .Cariscus: morfteoge°' .F1y found in wine: mustfteote0 S .Gadfly: bCawl, hyrnet(u) 02.06.09.02.08 Gnat, midge: gnet, mycgs, stiit 02.06.09.02.09 Snail: rensnegloS, snegl •With a boulle: gehilsed 02.06.09.02.10 Spider: itorcoppe, gangewifre, gryttel, hunta, inspiderwiht, lobbeS, loppe, renge, spi)>ra0 , wefergange0 S, weterbucca0 S, wetergitog .Spider's web: nett. renge 02.06.09.02.11 Worm: eorJ>mata°', moldwynn°P, renwyrms, wynn .Silkworm: seolcwynn. sidwynn' .Worm, grub, magot: ft~scmal>u S , ftaescwynn° , mapa 0

02.06.10 Monster, stranae creature: aeglzcaP, aglaecwif0 P, elwihtP, merewif0 P, unsceaftop, untydreP, wundor .Describing cbancterlstia of: twifeJ>erede0 S, twibeafdedeS, twinebbe0 S 02.06.10.01 Pardcular monsters (alphabetical order): 02.06.10.01.01 J>naoa: draca, eort>scea&>a0 P, hringboga0 P, inwitgest0 P, ligdraca0 P. J>Codsceal>a, iihtftoga0 P. ilhtscea~a P. widftogaP .Dngon's coll: hringgewindla0 ' 0

0

02.06.10.01.02 Griflln: giw, griffus0 P 02.06.10.01.03 Half of another kind: .Doa: healfhunding -Ollcoacernlna a doa momter: healfhundisc0 .Man: centaurs, healfmannog, meremenn(en), tweowmann° 9S

02.06.10.01.04 Phoenix 02.06.10.01.04 Phoenix: fcnix 02.06.10.01.0S Sea-monster: brimwyJfP, fifcl0 P, grundwicrgcn°P, mcrcdeor 0 P, mcrefix0 P, nicor, s&deor, s&draca, w~gbora0P, w~gdCor 0 P, w~lgcnga8

.Race of Ma·moDSten: fifclcynn°P

02.06.10.01.06 Serpent, scorpion, basilisk: }>rowend .Basilisk: basilisca, figwyrrn8 .sea pwt: draca 02.06.10.01.07 Unicorn: inhom(a)8 .Having one born: inhymc, inhymc(n)d(c)8 02.07 A plant: grenncs, plantc, plantung .Not having animal life: lifteas .Plant, herb, weed: crydcq, gzrs, gzrswyrt0 8, wCod, wrid, wyrt ..Species of plant: wyrtcynn -Collectively: wyrtcynrcn°8 -A tare, noxious weed: wCod, unwzstm, unweod -A female plant: wifmann -A pleasant plant: wynwyrt°P -A wild plant: wuduwyrt0 -(Of plants) wild: feldlic, wildc, wudulic8 02.07.01 To grow: bn!dan, (gc)growan, springan, (gc)wcaxan .That is growing: growcndc .Grown again: cftgcwzxen° .To take root, strike: niman to, wyrttrumian°8 "Well rooted, ftrmly established: cJl>faest0 .To sprout forth, spring up: aspriitan°P, aspryttan, spryttan, lip aspringan, up aspryttan, up icman, up springan, ut aspringan .To spring up, grow, branch: ilCodan, (gc)leodan ..And become leafy: tclgian°P, }>ufian°8 .To grow together: efcnweaxan .To grow over, cover with growth: beweaxan, towcaxan .To overgrow: ofergrowan, oferwcaxan "Overgrown: igrowen° .To produce by natural growth: (ge)cennan, gewyrcan .To put forth (a shoot, growth): spryttan

96

02.07.02.04 Seed, kind of seed .To lloarisb, grow viproasly: b16stmian, (gc)blowan, grenian, growan, swincan,g~

..FlouriBhing growth: bl&f, grenncs, waestm

-Covered with growth: gcwcred mid ..(Of groves) quick-growing: bl&fhwaet°P ..(Of plants, etc.) growing thickly, abundant: piece ..(Of growth) gtcco, vigorous: aelcgrene/callgrenc', grenc, undeadcd0 , unforwealwod0 , unforwyrded0 ...Not green: ungrencop ..(Of young growth) soft, tender: grenc, hncscc, niwlic ..1 acldog sap/moisture: pyrrc, unsaepig° ..sere, fallow, withered: fcalu, forclungcn, sear, srcrc .To ripen: gcwcndan 02.07.01.01 Fndt of tbe earth: cort>waestm, foldwaestm0 P, gearwaestm0 , waestm .Produce of bea: treowwaestm 02.07.02 Part of plant: 02.07.02.01 Root: rot, wyrt, wyrtruma, wyrtwala •?Filaments hanging from roots: drisncq 02.07.02.02 A dove (bolb, tuber): clufu .Bulbous: clufcht(e) 02.07.02.03 A stalk, stem: stela .Having one stalk: instelcdc .Having a red stalk: readstalcdc0 .Inner part of stalk, pith: pipa .Joice, sap: meolc, wlieta, was ..Full of sap: gcs&w, w6sig .Resin: cwudu ..Galbaaum (a gum nslo): galban(um) .Oleoresin: balsalm 02.07.02.04 Seed, ld...t of seed: ~d. ~dcynn .S.d, ke1nel, pip: com, cymel, ~d ..Of out: hnutcymc1° .5eed, germ, shoot: ci)> .Natty growth, nut: hnutu 97

02.07.02.05 A shoot. sprout. tendril

.Berry: berie. com .Fnlit which produces seals: 5Zd .seed pod: gehoppl .Of seeds: satdlicoS .Bearing seeds: combltre, comberende0 g, gecymlodS, ddberende .Skin, shell, husk: codd, filmen ..Nutshell: hnutscillq .(Of snds) to aea 1olnate: grOwan See 04.02.04.03.01 ff Seed 02.07.02.0S A shoot, sprout, tendril: brod0 g, ci)>, crohg, hosg, stofn, sumorloda0 g, wise .A succulent shoot: wzterb0h0 g .A blade, shoot, spike: blzd, brord, spir, sp(r)zcg, sprytting, tydernes0 g .A thorn, prickle: pfl, l>rn ..Having thorns/prickly: l>yrniht(e) 02.07.02.06 A leaf: leaf .Leaves, foliaae: helm ..A tuft of foliage: l>iif -Davina foliage: helmbereog, helmberende, helmihtg, gehilmedg, geleaf, 1Cafhelmig0 g, gel>iif, l>iifbereS. l>iifig°g ..Broad-leaved: br8dleaf0 -Having red leaves: readleaf ..Having three leaves: l>n1cfe0 g •.A bough with foliage: (ge)brognag ..A (tree) top with foliage: wuduhztt0 g 02.07.02.07 Blossom, ftower(s): blltdnes0 , bl0stm(a) forest: wudubtedP .Having blossom, Bowery: blOstmbere, blOstmberende, blostmiende, bli'.istmig°g, geblOwen, blOwendlic0 g ..llowery and bright: beorhtbl0wende0 P -Oustered: croppiht0 .Nectar: ambrOsie0 , meledeaw .(Of Bowen) ftowlna with honey: hunigbereS, hunigftowende See 04.01.02.01.05.04 Honey

.or

02.07.02.08 Head, rounded part of plant: hCafod .Havi111 a head: hCafodiht°

98

02.07.03.03.01 Wood (as substance) 02.07.62.09 Top of plant, duster, bunch: (gc)clyster, cropp, croppa 02.07.03 A bee: bmn, treow, wudu .A s....,ciel of bee: treowcynn, wuducynn°' .Of a bee: treowen .Dedduous: hrurolotl .(Of leaves) evupeen: singrenc .A forest bee: wudubeamP. wudutreow ..On mountain: firgcnbeam0 P .In leaf: grenc •Without bark: rindlcu°' .Gnarled: wcaniht .A fallen bee: hruna .A boundary tree: ge~rtreow 0 , mearctreow 0 02.07.03.01 A bush: buscq, fcaxq, ~yfcl .Busby, full of foUqe: fcaxcdc .Fune, gorse: fyrs, gors(t), gorstbmn° ..A tune thicket: fyrssceaga0 ..Grown with tune: fyrsenq. gorstenq, gorstigQ .Broom, bnashwood: brom ..Butcher's broom: cn!owholcn ..Grown with broom, broomy: bremenq, brOmigq .Brushwood: ceacga. hzs(t), hris, rispeq, spicq, spn!gq ..A place grown with brushwood: rispet~ -Grown with brushwood: hris, hrfsehtotl, hrisenq, hrisigotl, trusenq .A ?gooseben'y bush: word'! 02.07.03.02 A tndbusb with beaaies: bcgbeam 02.07.03.03 Part of a tree/bush: 02.07.03.03.01 Wood (as substantt): wudu .Bole, trunk: bol0 , bolaq, cipp, licbama, stcfn, stofn .Bark: barc0 , fires, rind(c) ..Inner bark: best' ..Of bark: rindens -Knobby,jaged: cn!owiht0 , gccymod ..A pll-nut: galluc ..A knot, protubenmce: Ost .A shnnp: buttq, strumpq, stiice, stumbclq, stybb, styficq

99

02.07.03.03.02 Tree top ..Stw•mpy: stubbig'I .A bough, brancb, twig: bOg, brogeng, gierd, Jim, onwzstm, owzstm, spranca8, sprota, tin, telga, telgor, twig(u), tydrung, wudutelga0 ..A nn•ll bough: bOgincelg, sp(r)ecS, sprytle0 - With straight/outsprndin1 bou&bs: radelod 02.07.03.03.02 Tree top: wuduhett0 g

.Lopped,pollanled:copped,hnot 02.07.03.04 A wood, trees: haraJ>, holt, timber, treow, wudu, wudubearo,

wuduholt •Woodland: wudu, wuduland, wuduwald°g -Wild woodland: wuduwesten° .Wooded: wudig, wudulic .'lbick with woods: geJ>ilf, wudiht0 g .Wood-producing: J>rocenq, wudubltre .A wood on a hillside: hangra .A mountain wood: firgenholt0 P .?A wood in a meadow: holmwudu0 P .A neighbouring wood: ncahwudu0 .An outlying wood: iltwald0 .A wood of tall bees: heahholt0 , beahhylte .A wood as a screen: forefengnes0 g See 04.02.04.05.04 Woodland 02.07.03.04.01 A small wood, coppice, copse: bearu, grzfe, grif, grifa.

hyrst, rippel, sceaga .A cln:ular copse: trindhyrst'I .A muddy copse: gorgrl!fe0 .A copse near stubble-field: erscgrifa0 .?An enclosed copse: gehaegholt° .A sunny/delightful grove: sunbearu0 P, wyngrif0 P 02.07.03.04.02 A thicket: byscq, scealdJ>yfel, scomhylte0 g, scrybb0 ,

treowgewrid0 , J>iccet8, J>icnes, J>uft0 g, J>yfel, J>yfelettq, weald, gewrid, wridelsq .A boundary thicket: mearcpfa0 02.07.03.04.03 A hedgt!lborder: biwinJ>la, hege, hegen!w, n!w .A beech hedge: bOchaga .A bed&e of living plants: cwichege0 100

02.07.03.0S Particular tnlCS/shrubs (alphabetical order) .A willow brdp: wtpigntw 0 .(Of a Mdse) cut, trimmed: miwen .Untrimmed: riih 02.07.03.05 Partkalar trees.ldarulls (alphabetical order): .Alder: alor ..Baay-bearin& alder: spracen ..Black alder: rota ~m. mtetm>' ..Of alder: zlrcn, elren ..Alder bark: alorrind0 ..An alder bed: alerbedd° ..An alder copee: alersceaga, alrettq ..An alder wood: alerholtS .Am: zsc ..Of asb, uhm: zscen ..Alb bark: zsaind ..An asb stump: zscstybb ..A bedldump of asb: zscbedd, zscett'l .Aspen: zspe, cwicbeam, cwictreow' ..Of aspen: cwicbeamen° ..Aspen bark: zsprind°, cwicbeamrind, cwicrind ..An aspen wood: zpsett'I, zsphangra ,BalsaJm, b'ee yieldia1 balsalm oO: balsalm .Beech: ~. b&:tm>w 0 &, bOc, bOctm>w ..Of beech, beechen: ~. bOcenq ..A laeecb copse: bCcett'I ..A beccb wood: bOcbolt, b6cwudu0 P .Birch: beorcJbyn:e, byrctreowog ..Blrda bark: beorcrind° ..A birch copse: bin:enq, bircett'I ..A birdl wood: beorcholt& .Box: box, boxtreow 0 , byxeq ..Of boxwood: byxen' .Cedar: ceder, cedert>Wn, cedertreow ..Of ccd•r: cedrisc°' .Chestnut: cystel(beam), cysten, cyst(en)beam', stlncyst(en) ..A cbcstaut copee: cistelettq .Co1oeUdogwood: comtm>wS, gitetreow 0 .Cypress: cypressus ..Of cypress: cypressen°, cypressus

101

02.07.03.0S Particular trees/shrubs (alphabetical order) .Elder: cllcn, cllcnWow 0 _Of elder(wood): cllcn ..Elder bark: cllcnrind ..Elder leaf: cllcnllat'° ..Elder root: cllcnwyrttruma0 ..An elder sh1mp: cllcnstybb ..An elder twi1: cllcntln° -Tufts of elder: cllcncropp0 ..An elder pvvflcopee: cllcngrifa, cllrctq .Elm: elm, ilmc, ulmWowog -Wych-elm: wice ..Near/pvwa with elms: clmcnq _EJm bark: clmrind .Fir/pine: lbics0 , aebs, furh/fyrh, furhwudul , gyr 0 • , gynreow 0 •, pinbeam,

pinWow ..Spruce fir: saeppc' -Of pine: pinWowcn° -Fir cone: pinhnutu .Hazel: haescl, haeslcrq _Of hazel: haeslcn -Grown with havl: haeslcn ..A copse/thicket of hazel: haesclwrid, haeslcttq ..A row of hazel•: haescl~w 0 ..A place pvwn with havl: haeslingq

.Heath: ~l> .Holly: holcn, hulfcrcq - Of boUy: holcn -Holly bark: holcnrind - Holly leaf: holcnlW •.A holly sh1mp: holcnstybb0 .Honeysuckle: hunigsugcl

.Ivy: ifig

..Barren tnllia& Ivy: corf>llig - Grown with Ivy: Ifed. ifibt(c) - Ivy bark: ifigrind° -Ouster or Ivy bu I ies: ifigcrop(pa) -Ivy leaf: ifigtW0 ..Ivy twig: ifigtwig° -Ivy pvve: Ifigbcaro ,Juniper: gorst, safcnc, sul>crigcog 102

02.07.03.0S Particular trees/shrubs (alphabetical order) .Laurel: laur, I~ laurtreow, lawembeam0 .Of laurel: laurisc° .l.aurel betay: lauiberige .Lime: lind .or lime, linden: linden .Maple: hlin°P, mapulder, mapultreow .Of maple: mzsen° ..Made of maple: mapuldern .Opming near maple-bee: mapuldorgeat° .Mistletoe: !icmistel0 , mistel, misteltin& •?Mountain ash: cwicenq .Myrtle: wrr, wfrlr!ow .Of myrtle: wfrb'Cowen° .Myrtle bark: wfrrind ..A srove of myrtles: wlrpfe& .Oak: ic, icbeamq. ictm>P .Kind of oak: iccynn°' .Of oak, oaken: l!cen .Oak sapling: zcernspranca0 -Oak as boundary: IJU!ficO .Oak bark: &:rind -Oak leaf: iclW .Oak twig: actin° .Oak stump: icstybb .Oak grove: icbearo .Oak wood/forest: icett'l, kholt, icwudu0 , l!cen -Oak wood on a slope: ichahgra ...Place where oaks pow: firelq -Ridge where oaks srow: kecg •?Poplar: populq .Privet copse: pryfet .SU vice tree: syrfe, syrfueow .Spindle-bee: ananbeam0 , liist>om, wananbeamS .Sycamore: heard°&, heord°', sicomorus, sycomer 0 .aaster/ftower of: heorotcrop0 .A thorn-tree/bush: prict>om0 , sett>om, t>om, t>omJ>yfel0 , J>yme ..A kiad of thorn: J>yrncin° ..A briar, bramble: brer, brapyme° ..A bramble/hawthorn: J>yfet>om ..A blacktborn18'oetbom: blzct>omq. sllh)>om

103

02.07.04 Fem ..A bucktborn: heorotbrem(b)elq, hcorotbrers -Thorn as boundary: m~rt>om. m2ri>yme0 ..Full of thorn or brian: l>ornig, l>orniht(e)l-eht(e), l>yftig°S -Grown with thorn: brmgq -Thorn bark: slAhl>omrind, l>omrind0 -Thorn be11y: heorotberge8 -Thorn leaf: heorotbrembelleafO -Thorn stump: t>ornstybb ..A thorn copse: l>ornegnq.1>omettq, l>ompfe, 1>ymet8 ..A row of thorn: l>ornntw ..A thorny place: l>orning° .Wbitebeam-bec/'wbittm': hWJungtreow 0 S .Willow: oseroS, sealegnq, sealh, welig, windeltreowS, wij>ig -Ol willow: SBClenoS -Grown with willow: salih(Q, wiliht -Willow bark: sealhrind, wij>igrind0 -?Willow straw: windelstreaw -Willow stomp: WJ")>igstybb -Willow copse: sealhyrst°, siletq, WJ")>igettq .Yew: eoh, iw - Yew berry: eowberge0 See 02.07.09.02 Fruit trees

02.07.04 Fern: fearn .Fern-covend: fearnig Marsh fern: fenfearn°S .Polypody fern: eoforfeam .Bed of fern: fearnbedd, fearnbracu0 .Place overgrown with fern: firnl>eq 02.07.05 Fungus: swamm .Toadstool: feldswanunS Mushroom: swamm -Edible: meteswanunS 02.07.06 Llcbea: ragu .On birch: beorcragu0 .On blackthorn: s1Ahl>ornragu0 .On church: ciricragu0 .Grey with lichen: n!ghir 0 P 104

02.07.09.02 Particular fruits (alphabetical order)

f¥1..fY1.fY1 Mom:

~

.Ofmoa:~

ftl.fYT.08 Gnnes, necls, etc.: .Grus: gzrs, gntd .Blade of grass: brord, gzrscij>0 .Grown with IJ'UI: gzrscnq, gntde0 .Bent IJ'UI: beonctq, beosq, beosucq, cassuc, hassuc, sccg -Of bent grass: cassucenq, sccgihtig°' ..Blade of bent IJ'UI: cassuclW° .Coach grass: cwicc .Reed, sedge: bcnncq, colhsccg, hamorsccg°, m0rsccg0 ..A kind of reed: hrfodcynn° ..Reed(s), rush(es): bunc°', cannon°, Carisc, hrCod, lzfcr, liscq, pillspcr 0 ' , rise(e), scaldhiilasoS -Of reedslnJShes: hreodcnq, hrCodig°, hrCodiht°, hrCodihtig°', risciht° ..A coarse reed: diil>hamor, sprot(t) ..A bed of 1 eeds: hrCodbcdd, hreodct'I, lzfcrbeddoS, riscbcdd, risccttq, riscl>yfcl ..A rushy mr oer: rischcsi!h .JCnotanss: unfortrcddc, unfortreden wyrt See 04.02.03.04 Grassland

ftl.fYT.09 Fruit: zppcl, bl&!, ofctt .A kind of fruit: zppclcynn°

ftl.fYT.09.01 Beny: bcgcr', bl;rgc ftl.'11 .09.02 Particalar fruits (alphabetical Older): .Apple: zppcl ..Sweet apple: milscapuldor', mircapuldoroS -(Of apple) bavingsweet/llOW' tute: silnnilsc ..An apple core: zppelsccaluoS ..An apple pip: zppelcymel°' ..An apple tree: zppeltreow, apuldor -Yielding apples: zppel~re. zppclbercndc0 ' , zpplenq ...Apple ta ee bark: apuldorrind ...An apple bee on a boundary: ~rapeldre -Crab apple: wergulu0 , wuduaeppcl0 , wudusiirzppcl 0 -Bitter substance in: wcargolq ...A crab apple tree: zppclJ>om0 , siirapuldre0 , siirmilsc apulder 0

105

02.07.09.02 Particular fruits (alphabetical order) -Crab apple bee bark: sUrappuldrc rind ..Medlar: ltpening°, openers' ...A medlar tree: mispelerq . •Blackberry, bramble: blaecberie, bremelaeppel, brCmelberie ..A blackberry bush: bremel, bremelbntr 0 ' , bremelJ>om0 , bremelJ>yme -Blackberry bark: bremelrind° ...A blackberry leaf: bremellW ...A blackberry thicket: bremell>Yfel0 ...A blackberry wood: bremelwudu .Blackthorn fruit, sloe: pl0msli0 1, slih .CberTy: ciris/cirse, cisera:ppel°' ..A cherry tree: cirisbCamB, cyrstr&>w' .Colocyoth bt:a aies: hundescwelcan°& .Date: gedropa'. fingera:ppla. palmaeppel' ..A palm tree: fenix, palm(a), palmtr&>w ...A palm branch: palm(a), palmtwig ...A palm grove: palmbearu0 & .Fig: fie, ficaeppel ..A dried fig: caric0 ..A fig tree: fie, ficbCam, fictreow ...A fig leaf: ficleafO .A grape: berie, song0 ' . winbeger, winber(i)ge ..A bunch of grapes: (ge)clystre, winclysterl, wingeardhring' ..A vine: winbeam, wingcard, wintreow -Branch/tendril of vine: winbOh, winclyster', gewind, wingeardb0g0 S, wingeardh0c', wintwig' ...A vine leaf: winlW°' ...A row of vines: oemseten wingeardes -Of the vine: wintreowig0 S .Haw: haga ..A hawthorn tree: hegJ>orn, haguJ>om .Hip: heope ..A briar/rose bush: hCopbremel, heope, rose, wudurosc0 "Of briar/ni11es: r6sen ..A bed of briar: r6sbedd°' .Hop-plant: feldwl>pS, hegehymele', hymele, mealtwyrt' -Female: eowohumele0 .Mulberry (or bramble?): byrigberge0 , m6rberie ..A mulberry bee: m6rbCam .Olive: eleberge 106

02.07.09.02.02.01 F.dible root/bulb

..An olhe bee: el~. eletr!ow -Of olives: ele~n°' , eletr!owenq -An olive leaf: elel!af -An olive twig: eletwig& -An olive pove: elebearu' -An olive stomp: el~bb ~ach: persic ..A &Mach tree: penoctreow 0 s .Pear: peru ..A pear a ee: pirie -Tbat grows pean: percnq .Plum: plilmbl~. plOme, pliln°', plyme ..A plum tree: plilme, plOmtreow, ptyme .Pomegranate: affricanisc cppel, comcppel' .Quince: coddzppeJI, godzppeJI .Raspbeny: hindberge ..A raspberry bush: hindlrir .Strawbea ay: eorpberge°', stmtwberige ..A staawberry plant/runner: stmtwberian wfse, stmtwberige .Wboa1leberry: Iu!J>berie0 , wfnberge ..A wboa11ebeny plant: hortel 0

02.07.09.02.01 Nat: hnutu .Kernel: hnutcymel0 .Mast: cfesa, mcst ..As food for livedock: ccem, I>«, mcsten, picgbrfad0 8 ..A bee yieJdina man: mcstentreow°' .Nut-bee: hnutb&m 02.07.09.02.01.01 Particular nub (alpbabetic:al order): .Acorn: ccem .Almond: imigdal ..An almond bee: easteme nute b&m, magdalatreow 0 8 oe.maut: ha:selhnutu .A walnut bee: wealhnutu' 02.07.09.02.02 Veaetable: 02.07.09.02.02.01 Edible root/balb: eort>nutu, more, wclwyrte more, wealhmoru .Beet: ~more, ~ 107

02.07.09.02.02.02 Other vegetables (alphabetical order) .GarlkJleek/onion: leac, sec::gleac •.Leaf of: leacbl~ "Garlic: craw(an)leac, cropleac, girleac, riscleac0 s ".Wild garlic, ramsons: hrarnsa -Head of wild garlic: hramsa(n)crop8 "Leek: brideleac, cipeleac, leac, porr, porleac -House-leek: fulle8, himwyrt, sinfulle, singrene, t>unorwyrt0 "Onion: hwnleac&, ynneleac -Onion/shallot: cipe, holleac .Pannip: englisc more, feldmore .Radish: antre, redic .Turnip: nltp, wilde nltp "Turnip seed: nitpsltd 02.07.09.02.02.02 Other vegetablet (alphabetical order): .Asparagus: eofl>nafela .Cabbage, kale: brassica0 , cawl, cawlic "Cabbage leaf: cawelleaf0 "Cabbage seed: cawel~d° "Cabbage stalk: cawelstela0 , cawelstoc0 .Cress: czrse "Grown with cress: c2rsenq -Full of cress: czrsiht° "Cress/nasturtium: l~rse. tiinaerse, wort>(ig)czrse "1.amb's cress: lambes cerse "Watercress: billere8, br0ccerse0 , eacerse0 , fencerse, wyllecrerse .Cucumber: cucumer, eofl>eppel, hwerhwette .Fennel: finol Jennel seed: finolsied0 .Feaugreek: fenogrecum .A gourd: cucurbite, cyrfet ..Plant that bean gourds: curuettreow 0 8 .Lettuce: lactiice, Jeahtric .Mallow: cottuc .Pulse, bean: bean ..A kind of bean: beancynns ".seed-bean: beansltd "or beans: beanen° "Bean pods: beanbelgas, beancoddas, beanscealuS ..A buck-bean: gl2ppe 108

02.07. I I Plants/flowers (alphabetical order) -Lmdb: lentq, lenticulas ..Pea: pise, reosan°' -A kind of pea: pysecynn° _or peas: pisenq •Thistle (edible): rnefellistelll 02.07.10 (Garden) bablspke: wyrt 02.07.10.01 Puticalar bubs/spices (alphabetical order): .Basil: eort>mistel0 , mistel .Camomile: lil>eleaf°', maget>e .Coriander: celeodre, coliandre .Cumin: cymen

.DID: dile .Marjoram/wild thyme/pennyroyal: zlere&, cyninges wyrt, organe ..Pennyroyal: brol>orwYrt°'. dweorgedwosle, ~luwyrtq, hylwyrt, pollegje - Wild marjonm: feltwurma, wurmillell .Mint: minte -Types ofmlat: bals~. balsmitell, brocminte, feldmintell, fenmintc,

hiremintell, horsminte, dminte .M,.....nl: senep ..Mastard seed: senepdd0 .Parsley: petersilic, stlnmerce' .Ro11nwry: feldmzdere, sunddeawll -Roeemary/darael/thyme: bogcn, bol>en -Saffron: croh -Sage: salfie .Thyme: fillc -Wild thyme: bridel&c, cunele, wuducunelle, wudufille •Wild cianamoa: cassia 02.07.11 Pluats/ftowen (alphabetical order): .'Addenrort': nedderwinde0 11, nedrcwyrt .Apimony: agrimonia, gArclife, heorotcl&fie, sticwyrtll -Water agrimony (ambrosia): hindrutlet>e .Aleboof, ground iyY: hofc, merschofc0 , tunhofc0 .Aloe: alwc

.Ardumgelica: blind(c) netcl .Argeodlla: argentillell .Becwort, sweet lag: b&>wyrt l()C)

02.07. I I Plants/flowers (alphabetical order) .Betony: betonice, bisceopwyrt, bisceopwyrteJoS -F1eld·bisbopwort: feldbisceopW)'rt° -Water betooy: briinwyrt .Bindweed, convolvulas, woodbine: argentille', bedewindq, berewindeoS, wil>obend0 , wil>owinde, wudubind(l)e, wuduwinde& .Bishop-weed: ameos0 , bisceopwyrt .Bobooica: hratele' ·Boa·myrtle, pie: gagel ..Tuftslcatkln.c of: gagelcroppan° .Bryooy: heahhymele, wilde eyrfet .Bqle: 1>unorclitfre .Bar, burdock: elite, elife, elifwyrt, elit>eoS, eawyrt, foxes elite, lappe0 g ..Greater burdock: clilccropoS, foxes elife .Buttercup: elufl>ung(e), elufwyrt .Caltrops: coltetrzppe' .C.mmock, Iles, nstbarrow: cammoc .Caper-plant: springwyrt .Catmiot: nefte .Celaodlne, swallow-wort: celel>nie .C'.entaury: centaurie, eunnealle, feltere, hierdewyrt ..Black centaury: Isenhearde ..Lesser centaury: eoipg(e)alla ..Sm•ll ceotaary: curmealle, curmealle seo li!sse, seo lytle culmille, seo lytle cunnealle .Cbartock: cerlie, coydic0 g .Cbervil: cerfelle .Cblckweed/grouodlel: cicena mete .Clnquefoll: fiffingre0 , fifteafe, hnefnes fOt .Clary: slarege .cutrwort, water-wort: clifwyrt .Cleaven/barclock: elite, elife, elifwyrt, elite, clit>eoS, elil>wyrt, hegeclife ..Top of burdock: elite crop ..Cleaverslgooee arus: smale elite, smale elife .Clover: elltferwyrt0 , eltefre, wuduel~freog ..Hart-clover, hemp: heorotelefre ..White dover. hwne elefre _Purple clover. reade elefre .Coltsfoot: elite, coltgn!g°C .Comfrey: consolde0 , gallue .eo.tmary, cost: cost 110

02.07.11 Plants/flowers (alphabetical order) .Cow-panley, wood cbenil: wuduc:erfille .Cowslip: cilslyppe .Crocus: titol6se°' .Crowfoot/cowbene; brOc}>ung"I, clufl>Ung(e) .Cuckoo flower: bulut. f~tcs folm .Cydamea, sowbrad: slite .Daisy: brysewyrt°, d&ges !age .Danclelioa:egwyrt .Dock, son'el: ampre, docce, feoompn:0 , sundampre0 , silrc, wegbntde

-Wood dock/son-el: gbces silre, wududocce, wudusilre°' _aump of dock: docc)>yfel .Dragom, 'drqoawort': dricentse .Dwarf elder: ellenwyrt, leo}>uwyrt/liJ>wyrt, wealwyrt .Elttampane: eolone, h~loJ>e, honelene .Eyebrigbt, eyewort: !agwyrt .Feverfew: adreminteq, feferfilge .F1eld balm: healfwudu .Flport: briin(e)wyrt, ficwyrt°', wenwyrt .F1eabaae, 8eawort: cristalla0 , dweorgedwusle, fteawyrt' .Foxglove: fingerdoccal, foxes gl6f(a) .Gentian: feldwyrt, ferdwyrt°, meargealla, merscmeargealla .Ga 111aader: cymed .Go.tweed: gOtwoJ>e .Goose grass: hegerife .Gromel: sun(nan)com .Gl"OOlldHI: g(r)undeswelge, selft!te, siger/sir' .Hare's foot: haranhige .Heliotrope: goldwyrl°', sigelhweorfa, s6late0 , s6lsece, sunfolgend0 g .Hellebore: wedberge ..Black bellebore: ceasterzsc, ceasterwyl't°, hamorwyrt ..White hellebore: tunsingwyrt .Hemlock: hymlic/-lfce, w6dewistle' .Benbaae: argentille', belene, hennebelle ,Hlllwort: hylwyrt .Hog's fennel: cammoc .Horeboancl: bulut. hlrbiine, hiine .Hone parsley: alexandn: .Hound's tongue: cuneglcsse, glOfwyn. hundes micge, hundes tunge, ribbe .Hyseop: hlenort!ar°', ysopc .lrts/~: fane, glcdene, hwatend' Ill

02.07.11 Plants/flowers (alphabetical order)

.Knapweed: Isenhearde .Ladderwort, Jacob's ladder: hl2derwyrt0 .Lady's smock: lustmoce .Lady's mantle, lion's foot: leonfOt

.Larkspur: fugeles wyse .Lily: lilie .Lily of the ..Uey: glofwyrt .Liverwort: !alifer, liferwyrt .Lords and ladies: arod .Lovage: lufestice .Lupin: elehtre .Madder: mzddre ..Sprig Of madder: mzdercfl>0 .Mallow: cottuc, geonnanl!af, geormanletic0 1, hoc(c), hocl!af, mealwe, symeringwyrt' ..Marshmallow: bisceopwyrt, merscmealwe .Marigold: goldbloma, golde0 •, goldwyrt°' .Mayweed: nueg)>a/mage)>a .Meadow saffron: greate wyrt .Meadowsweet, meadwort: meduwyrt .Mercury: cedelic, efe(n)liste .Moorwort: mrwyrt° .Maport: mucgwyrt

.Mullein: candelwyrt°'. feltwyrt .Musk: disma(-e) .Nettle: blind netel, netel(e), seo reade netele, smale netel, )>i great.an netlan, wor)>ignetele0 ..Not stinging: blind .Nightshade: a:lfl>one, hundesberie0 1, mixenplante, nihtscada' .Oracbe: melde, tilnmelde°' .Orchid: hra:fnes teac .Oxeye: gesca(l)dwyrt .Oxbeal: oxna lybb .Oxlip: oxanslippe .Pellltory: asterion, dolgrilne, pyretre0 .Peony: peonie .Periwinkle: perwince

.Pimpernel: pipineale .Plantain: wegbntde .Poppy: popig 112

02.07.11 Plants/Oowers(alpbabetical order)

.R•11ed robin: bulut .R•mpll: ramgealla .'R.ttlewort': hnetelwyrtI .Ravensfoot: hnefnes tot .Rlbwort: hundes tunge, ltkewyrt, ribbe .Re: rade -Wild rue, 'bulula': armelu, feldriideoS .&l•ory: saturege .&tdfrage: moldcom, sundcom -Granulated tuber of: moldcom .8elfheal, sanlcle: selfbele .SU•erweed: lelo)>~. gelodwyrt .5m•Hage, wild celery: merece .Smeanrort: smeoruwyrt .Smpclrqon: hundes heafod .8oapwort: brysewyrt°, IC&l>orwyrt, leo)>uwyrt/li)>wyrt .8oatbernwood, wormwood: aprotane, prutene0 ' sii)>eme wermoo, sii)>emewudu, wermOd .Spearwort: sperewyrt .Speedwell: hleomoc(-e) .Splkawnl: nard .Stitcbwort: ae)>elferl>ingwyrt .Stonecrop: stinaop .&udloWer: sO)ateO

.1imsy: englisc cost, disma(-e), helde, tansi}>eq .Teasel: wulfes carob, wulfes ~sel •Thistle: brad )>istelq, )>istel -Tblstledown: )>istles blOstm -Cartlne thistle: eofort>rote, snil>sb'Coll -Sow-thistle: )>ii)>istle' -Wood-thistle: wudu)>istle •TOI wwwtiUsetfoD: seofonleafe .V..erian: ualeriane .Verbena, venain: esc)>rote, aescwyrtS, berbene, bisceopwyrt, isenhearde •Vetch: earfe, fugles bean, miisepiseoS •Violet/pansy: aeppelleafoS •Viper's baglOSI: haransprecel .W~Wy,nymph·i•: colloncrohS, !adocce, Oeapdfteo)>e, OeaJ>orwyrt0 1! •Water-stanrort: staelwyrtI, waeterwyrt .WOlld: wid 113

02.07.11.01 Seaweed

-Woad seed: wild~ .Wood lettuce, wild sleepwort: wuduleahtric •Woodmint/wild parsley: wudumerce •Woodndf: wudurofc .Wood wax(en)/dyer's broom: wuduweax(c) •Wormwort, wonngnss: wyrmwort .Yarrow: gcarwc .Zedoary: sidewire

0

02.07.11.01 Seaweed: ft~twyrt0, ftotwyrt0 S, sl!warS, warS, WliroJ>0 P .Full of Maweed: wiriht' 02.07.11.02 Unidentifted plants (alphabetical order): ~fcrJ>c, binwyrt,

bulcntsc0 , cealfwyrtQ, coJ>uwyrt0 S, criwcnbeamoS, dynigc0 , eacrop0 S, cofolc, cort>colcS, hltwcnhydclc, hafocwyrt, hirewyrt/hilranwyrt, hcalswyrt, holccerse0 , ife, lungenwyrt, onred, oxantunge0 S, rydcn°, seo grbtc binwyrt, sionq, sigsonte, s~J>wyrt , stfcmeq, supe0 P, st(r)zlwyrt, siiJ>erigcoS, toscanleacoS, twfleafaoS, J>elncJ>ung°S, J>Corwyrt, J>n1efc0 S, J>ung, J>yfcl, uma0 , witmltreswyrt0 , wnctt(c), wuduclitc0 S, wunna(-e) 0

02.08 MentaVsplrih•a• health: hzlJ>, hltlu, gcsynto 02.08.01 Sound physical condition: hltl(u), hilc lif, (gc)sundfulncs, trumncs

.Healthy: ~l~wc, ansund, h~lc, hil, ~l. gcsund, gcsundful, gesundlic ..Strong of stomach: magapiht0 -Well-fed: fztt - Well-formed: fullborcn, limhiJ 0 P ..Able-bodied, 8t for work: wcorcwyrJ>c -Thoroughly: fullhil0 -Without pain: unsir ..Delicate: mearu

-Healthily: on gehilum J>ingum, tcla -Is In good health: nueg See 05.08 Stnngth 02.08.02 Disease, in&rmity,sicknea: ildl, broc, brocung, coJ>u, hefigncs, medtrumncs, ~cs. suht°P, trcdemes, unhltlJ>, u~lu, unmiht,

unmihtigncs, untrumnesluntrymnes, untrymmigo', untrymJ>, wicmOdnes, wanhzlJ>0 S, wanhilnes 114

02.08.02.01 .01 An infectious disease .Force of dlaenee: idlJ>racu0 P -To nduce (by medical beabuwt), waken; wanian .Humour, choler: dropa

-Corrupt humour: 6mcynn° -(Of evil humoun) acrid: scearp .Great illness: oferseocnes Jaflrm condition: untrumhild° .Decay of body: hryre .Condition of lying sick: leger .sick, ill, diseased: geidlcd, idliende, idlig, ilefed/ilewed, co}>ig°, lef, gelefcd, legerbtere0 , legerfest, medtrum, mishtebbendec, ofslegen, simhi1°, sCoc, seoslig°P, sicle0 , sleac, tfcdre, unhil, unmihtiglic,

unsttang, untrum, untrym(m)ig', unweorchean1°, wanhZie0 , wanhll, yfelhtebbendel _Inft1 m, decrepit: forwerod, lriosendlic, tidriende, ticderlic, }>ynne ..Dried up, emaciated: gedrycned°, forscrencend, forscruncen Jn sickly way, ill: yfle .To be ill: idlian, sCocian, seonian°, winnan -To be taken UVbe inftrm: (ge)sfclian, (ge)untrumian -To fall ill: ifeallan, forweorpan, (ge)hreosan, untrymigang, (ge)yfelian -To pt worse: (ge)tidrian, wyrsian .To decay, pine away: imolsnian, hwelian, losian, scrincan, sCarian, sipian, swindan, unhilian°g -To become powerless: t6sliipan -To waste away with age: ieldan' -To meke weak, enfeeble: onberan, geunhelan«, (ge)untrumian, gewanhilian -To 1educe (by medical beabuwt), weaken: wanian -To stiffen, grow stiff: ist11ian, stifian See 02.05.03 Exhaustion; 04.02.05.02 Animal diseases; 05.09 Weakness 02.08.02.01 An illness, aDment, disorder: ldlung°, gcdrecccdnes, leahtor, seocnes, uncyst, wansceaftal-e, yfel .An early illiless: ltridJP .A fatal illness: feorhidl .(OfDlness) nc:.wamt: (ge)cdleht .(Of Illness) chronic: singal, ungewendendlic 02.08.02.01.01 An lnfectioas dlseaee; geflog°P, onftyge(n) .Infection: itor

115

02.08.02.01.02 Onset, attack of illness .Atllk:ted witb infection: idlseoc, ongeftogen°

.Dlrc•se·beuing: idlberende°', idliende J>eaenerating: ecnOsle', geecnosliende0 S •To catcb/bave an attack of infection: bCon/wesan genumen, gelaeccan, gestelled bCon/wesan mid .(Of ad""•) to infect: smittian', gestandan, getiwian .(Of a d""1•) to Jl"OW worse: befigian See 04.06.02 Insalubrious

02.08.02.01.02 Onset, attack of Ulness: fer, gong .A deadly attack: slieht, welpfl0 P, welscrel 0 P .A sudden attack: ferbaga0 P, fltruntrymnes .An insiclious attack: ~g°P .A recurreace of infection: edcierr .Hold/grip (of a cancer): bite 02.08.02.01.03 A symptom: ticen .Flnt inftammatioa: frurnwylm0 .A painful symptom: i>rowung .A threatening symptom: bCotung 02.08.02.01.04 A sick person, ia...Ud: idliga, l~fmon°P, ~ geslegen, t>rowerc 02.08.02.01.0S Bed of lk• 1w 11: legerbedd .Bed-ridden: bedrcda. fortyhtcd°S, hofrede, gelegered .To keep one's bed: leger weardian, (ge)licgan 02.08.03 Pain, bodily dJscomfort: angnes, angsumnes, earfol>e. earfoJ>licnes, earfoJ>nes, nearones, sir, simes, ungescrepnes0 , wercsir°', gewinn, wile .An ache, pain: ece, sir, were

.Palatul: (ge)sir, ungeJ>wl!re ..More painful: gefredra0 .Suffering of pain: grennung, i>rowung .Painfully: angsumlice, unsOfte .To suffer pain: acan, (ge)i>r'Owian .To be sore, painful: sirian, waercan •To express pain, 1rimace: grennian .Pain ca"sed by blow: dynt ..Baklbart caalM!d by a sword: sweordbealo0 P 116

02.08.04 Hurt, injury, damage

.8UIJinl pain: sirwy}m0 P .Sharp pain: f~rsticeop, gir, pungetung°, spere, (ge)stice ..Shafts of pain: hildescQr 0 P ..(Of sharp pain) to shoot: sceotan -To strike through with pain: l>urhslcan -To nm tbrou&h, pierce: in gesincan ..To be pierced through with pain: beon/wesan l>urhl>yd

See also 02.08.07.01 ff

02.08.03.01 Extreme pain, torture, torment: clzmnes0 , cwealm, cwealmnes, cwylming, (ge)dreccednes, gedrecenes, niedbld, J>n!stung0 .sutrering, in exbane pain: forpegide0 P, soden, geJ>rowad .Writhing: grenniende .To torment, harass the body: (ge))>ntstan See 08.01.03.07.03 Suffering; 14.05.02 Torment, punishment 02.08.03.02 Itch, irritation: cleweJ>a0 , gicce, gicelness, gicJ>a .Suffering from itching: giccende, giccig°S .To itch: giccan

.To Irritate: slitan .A dngling, smarting: blots, smeortung°S, tend(l)ing -Gooseskin: cylewearteS .A bum, scald: ~mett, bryne, forbzmednes -From cold: cite bzmett -To tingle, bum, smart, throb: bieman, clzppettan, forswrelan, hoppettan,

prician, smeortan -.8marting from beat: fYrsmeortende0 -To become frost-bitten: icalan .A bite, sting: iflygennes0 , bite, siege, geslit, slite, sting ..or a snake: wyrmslite0 ..To bite, sting: ofslit.an°, (ge)slcan, slitan, toslitan 02.08.04 Hurt, injury, damage: daru, gederednes0 , hienJ>( o), oncyJ>dzd0 P ,

ome, ~l>ung, scel>(e)nes, sceJ>J>u, wierding, yftung0 .A blow (with a missile): scyte, wyrp ..The bite, cut of a weapon, etc.: bite ..Weal, mark of a blow: dynt, lzl, tobrytednes, walu ..(Of blow) forceful: onbeslagen° .To d•mage, injure: ibreotan, geltwierdlian°, iJefian, amierran, iwierdan, for~lanoS, forn!dan, gretan, gescendan, (ge)wierdan, (ge)yfelian 117

02.08.04.01 A wound -To htjure, bmlw, harm: beatan, forf>ryccan -To get black and blue: telian -Livid. discoloured: asweattod, lei, wann -To mub, touch roughly: hrepianlhreppan

-Tooppress:ofsettan .hqured: gedered, heal>oseoc0 P, gel~fed See 05.06.04 Damage; 07.03.02 Ill, harm; 08.0/.03.07.02.01 /njury, offence 02.08.04.01 A wound: bennP, dolg, dolgbenn°P, licsirP. licwund°P, snQ>ung, sting, tOslitc, wund, wundel/wyndle, wundwico0 .A wound received in battle: hcapuglemm0 P, heorudrync0 P .A stab-wound: lil>bite0 P, ordstzpe0 P, seaxbenn°P, sweordbite0 P .A bleeding wound: blOddolg .A mortal wound: bealubenn°P, heorudolg0 P, sindotb0 P .Pain of a wound: dolwite0 P .A gash, scar: bengeat°P, bilswzJ>0 P, dolg, dolgswzJ>, spor, swaJ>u, wundswaJ>u0 S .Wounded: gedolgod0 P, dolhwundop, secant,~. wund -Wounded in the belly: hrifwund° -Wounded in the groin: scearwundq -Wounded by a sword: sweordwund0 P -Badly wounded: cearwund0 ..Mortally wounded: heorubtac0 P ..Not wounded: unwundod0 P •To wound: (ge)bennianP, bitan, forslean, (ge )gymmian, hrepian, ge!'Zcan, gesirgian, t2san, (ge)wundian ••Badly: forwundian, J>urhwundian° -With an anow, etc.: ofsceotan, ofscotian .To crush, pound: gebrys(i)an See also 02.08.07.01 ff 02.08.04.02 Blemish, disfigurement: awierdnes, glemm0 , misbyrdo, gewemmednes, wierding, wletta, wh!tung, wtous .Of race: wlitewamm .Deformed: ehiweS, gecnycled, gecrocod0 , miscr0ced0 , unwlitig, WOhbogen°P -At birth: misboren -Growing deformed: misweaxende0 -With deformed Mncls: wohhandede0 S 118

02.08.04.04.01 Mutilation/injury to limbs ..One-banded: lnhende ..With defocmed feet: sclffOt&, wOhfOted°& ..(or lep) bandy: gehylced°' ..A bump: hofer -Hamp-backed: (ge)hof(e)rede ..A bare-lip: ha:rsceard

See 07.10.02.01 Deformea, ugly 02.08.04.02.01 A maimed man: hamola0 .Maimed/mutilated: forj>wyrft, limli:weo0 ..(or ear) gashed, mutilated, cut: sceard .To mutilate: behamelian, bemancian° .To dlsftpre: geblltcan, gewemman 02.08.04.02.02 Castrated: ifYred, belis(t)nod .To casbate: lfYran, belistnian, fYran 02.08.04.03 Paralysis: crypeJnesoS, lefung0 , Jyftidl, neurisn, paralisin .Paralysed: lid~. islipen, islegen, slipende .To be paralysed: laman legeres lid!, sli:pan .A palsted man: eorpcryppel 02.08.04.04 State or belna crippled: ilefednes0 • hielto0 .A cripple: creopere, crypel, lama .Crippled, lame: crypel, let>eleas, healflet>e0 ' , healt, lama. lemphealt&,

limleas, limmlama0 , Ji~P , unf'Cre .To limp, crawl: ihealtian&, huncettanoS, Juncian°& .To creep, crawl: (ge)cr!opan .To limp, bop: healtian .To stoop, bend: ibugan .To lame, cripple: ihyltan°P, lemian .To hamstring, mutilate: hamelian .To break (body/bone): gebrecan, (ge)brocian 02.08.04.04.01 Mutilationlbtjury to limbs: limli:w 0 .Fracture or limb, etc.: bryce ..Fracture Of bone: binbryce, bingebrec0 P ..(or limb) broken: forod -Broken-legged: scancforad -Broken-footed: forodfflt(e)0 119

02.08.04.04.02 (Of limbs) to be di~ 02.08.04.04.02 (Of limbs) to be dlwased: beon/wcsan yfte getueft 02.08.04.04.03 Withered: dryge, misscrcnce0 , gescrcnce0 g, gescruncen, scrynce0 g, pynhlzneog 02.08.0S lnftammation: bryne, forbzming, hltung, ontendnes, sweolung°, swyle, ):>eor, ):>eoridl, ):>eorgerid0 , ):>eorwyrm, wielm, wielma .Full or inflammation: omig/omihte, swellende .Pain by Inflammation: ):>eorwaerc0

a.....,,

02.08.05.01 Swelling: lbliwnes0 , lbliwung, iJ>enung, iJ>indung0 , ipundennes, bliwung, tobliwennes0 , topundennes .A swelling: ampre, blzdre, byl(e), cwydeleS, deadspring, dolg, nop0 , onfeall, swelca0 g, geswell, swyle, gepind, wenbyl, wenn ..Braking of: toberstung° .Dropsy: waeteridl, waeterbolla, waeterseocnes ..Dropsical: waeterfulg, wacterseoc .Elephantiasis: micel lie •?Some similar disease: waeterzlfidl .Swollen: ibliwen, iswollen, ipened. iprunten°P, apriiten, forbliwen, geswollen, toswollen, topunden .To swell (up): ibliwan, iswellan, iJ>indan, forpindan, geondbliwan, (ge)swellan, pindan .(Of swellin&) to lessen: pwinan 02.08.0S.02 Particular Inflammation/swelling: .Sudden eruption/swelling: fzrspryng°, fzrswile0 .Swelling caused by friction: gegrindswileog .Swelling from snake-bite: wyrmgeblzd0 .A swelling, wound: cumuVcumbl .A wound, raw place, sore: puddog, sir ..A little sore: puduc0 g ..A painful soR/wouncl: sirbennP ..A sore caused by disease~ wund, wundel .A blister, boll, pastale, ulcer: blegen, by le, flgnes, hwy lea. pocc, pyu, . spnng ..A watery pustule: waetergebl~0 ..Blister caused by thistle: pistelgebl~d° ..Blister caused by tbom: pomgebled0 ..Blistered: iblegned, geblegenod, byliht°, iltlblegned ..An ulcerous wound: wundspring° 120

02.08.06 Sirin disease, erysipelas

..sore, ulcerous: tOborsten, toftogen, wund, wundig/wundiht • To break out in sores: tObcrstan ..An ln8amed tumour: }>Corwenn° ..A spongy exc1escence: spong ..A sore accompanied by patnlacdon: rotung .A spot (from rub): specca ..A spot OD the face: nebcom .Had of a spot: dott • To break out in pimples: piplian .An abscess: itorgebl2d, gegadcredncs0 , gegaderung, t0borstenncs0 .A wart, wen, mole: weart(e), wenncfcen°K, wenspryng°K, wcmzgeJ 0 02.08.05.02.01 Matter, parulence, pus: dylsta, gcolstor, gund, lyswen°, unsyfcmcs, wonns, wynns .Clot or pus/mucus: wonnsgcmang° .Coagulation (of pm): gcrinning .Containing pus, pundent: dylstiht°, gcolstrigK, gundigK, lyswen, unsyfre, gewynns(ed), (ge)wyrmsigK .To fester, putldy,suppunte: ~trian, hwelian, rotian, wesan, (ge)wynnsan .To run, ooze: seon 02.08.05.02.02 Scab, roupN11 of slrin; hn1]>o, nide°K, sceorf, wearrihtnesK .A scab: bryfing°, ~bb. wearr .Having sores/scabs: sceabbedeK .Callous, bard: wearrig° .To crack open, be chapped: cinan 02.08.06 Skin disease, erysipelas: angset, bincol>a. brunel>a0 , oman, wildelyrK .Shingles: circulidl, weargbnMe .Ring-worm: hringidlq .8curftness of the bead: heafodhriefl>o0 , sccorf .Loss of hair: feallende feax, feaxfeallung°K .?Measles: nutlsceafaK .(?Small)pox: pocidl .8crofala, eczema: scrofel0 , teter .Skin disease (?leprosy): bl2ce, bhkJ>aoS, bl~l>nistfeJK, hreoft, hreofta. hreofnes0 , seo micle idl, l>nistfelJK .Oflcoaceming this d-.se: hreof, hreoftic, trioftig ..A leper: hreof, hreofta, 1rc1>rowere 121

02.08.07 Specific diseases (head to toe) _(Of penoas, body) scabby, leprous: triof, trioft, breoftig, unsme~.

wearriht -Leprous from sin: syruwoftig° -To become leprous: llriofian° ..Not leprous: unhmlftig° .?Disease (unspecified): sugesweard0 S 02.08.07 Specific dl••MS (bead to toe): 02.08.07.01 Pain In head/neck: heafodece, heafodsir, heafodwzrc, heafodwylm .Dizziness: heafodswima0 P -To reel, be dizzy: tumian .Migraine: healfes heafdes ece .Head wound: heafodwund -Wound under the hair: feaxwund0 ..Skull-wound: hWodbryce -Face-wound: wamwlite 02.08.07.02 Disonlen of the eye: .Pain In eye: eagece, eagwzrc .Weaknes.9 of eyes: lewsa0 S .Contraction of pupil: l!smzl 0 .Albugo: eagfteabS, fteah .Stye: stigend0 S .An eye-disea~ web: gewif0 .Cataract: eags&>ungs .Wound in eye: eagwund .Tending to squint, squinting: sceols, sceolhe(a)gede, sceolhege .Bleary-eyed: siwenigeS, siil'Cagede, tcarig, geteorigende, toreneage, cyrende -To ran with water: tjran

02.08.07.02.01 Defective vision: dimnes, eagmist0 , mist, genip, l>Cstrel-tru, t>ynnes .Blindness: blendnes0 S, blindnes .Night-blindness: nihteage .Dim-sighted: unscearpsyne0 , unt>yhtig .Blind: bisene, blind, ungeseonde0 , ymesene0 -Bom blind: blind(i)boren8 -Blind in one eye: ineage(de) ..Stone-blind: stzrblind 122

02.08.07.04.04 Respiratory disease .(Of sight) to grow dim: idinunian, deorcian, dimmian, mistian, mistran°, t>eostrian,ge~ynnian

-(Of sigbt) growing dfm, becoming douded: dimgende ..(Of npt) to make dim: fordimmian, ofl>ystrian .To become blind: iblindian .To Impair (the sight): forstyntan .To make blind: lblendan, iblindan, (ge)blend(i)an, forblindian°g,

otblindiang ..Blinded: foregeblind0 g

See 02.05.09.02 Inability to see

02.08.07.03 Disorden of the ear: .Earache: earwerc .Tumour nest to ear: earco~uog

02.08.07.03.01 DeefMls: deafnes, deafu, ungehymes .Deaf: dlaf .To become claf: Wafian, islfiwian .Condition of growing deal: idWung .To make deal: forclysan°

02.08.07.04 Disorders of the lower face: 02.08.07.04.01 Mouth dlHase: mill>ldlg, mutx:o~ug .Pain In mouth: mi11Jsir 0 .Erapdoa in mouth: mil~berstung! .Toothache: tot>ece, to~werc, to~wynn° .Looeeness ofteetb: wagung .To slwlre, be looee: wagian

02.08.07.04.02 Tumour affecting epiglottis: ilf 02.08.07.04.03 A dlHaR of the Jaws: ceacadl, ceaftid1°, geaglswile 02.08.07.04.04 Respiratory diseue: .A sore throat: ceolwerc, hn!cgebn!c' .A qalnsy: sweorcot>u .A bead cold, caturll: (ge)bn!c, (ge)pos .Cboldng: ismorung0 ..To choke: ic!ocian°, ismorian, forpylm(i)an

123

02.08.07.05 Pain in bones 02.08.07.0S Pain in bones: blnwa:rc0 s 02.08.07.06 Disorders of the neck: .Pain in the neck: healswa:rc0 • sweorwa:rc0 .A neck tumour, swelling: hcalsgang"S, healsgund, hcalsome0 .Glandular swelling: cymel .Muscle contraction: oferba:cgeteung"S, getog .To contract: fortogian 02.08.07.07 Disorders of the body: .Pain in the limbs: leol>usiroS, lil>wa:rc .Injury to sinew: seonobcnn°P, seonudolg"P .sdatica: hypebinece0 , hypsar 0 8, hypwa:rc0 S .A rick, wrench, crick: hrisc .Pain in the side, stitch: srdece, sticlldl0 S. sticwa:rc0 s .Pain in the shoulders: sculdorwa:rc .Swelling on band: handswyle0 S .(Of nail) brittle, rough: sceorfe(n)de .Pain in the buttocks: endwerc0 .Pain in the tbJgb: binece, J>Cohece, t>Cohwra:c0 .Pain in the knee: COCosif 0 S, CDCoWWll:fC .A varicose vein: amprcS 02.08.07.08 Foot ailments, ?gout: dropa, totlidl, totcot>u, lij>a .Worm producing gout: deawwyrm .Suffering from gout: deaggedeoS, totidlig" .Gouty: deawwynnede0 S 02.08.07.08.01 Pain in the foot: com, fOtece, f0twa:rc0 02.08.07.08.02 Swelling of the foot: fOt(ge)swell, isgeblitd0 .A com, callosity: angna:gl, ile .A chilblain: l!celma ..Suffering from chilblains: itcelmehte0 S 02.08.07.08.03 Diseued in the toes: tinede8 02.08.08 Internal disease: inlidl, incot>u, innantrdemes .An eating/spreading dbnse: bite, cancer, canceridl, ha:fembite0 S .Stone: ceoselstin, stin .Condition of hardening (of liver/stomach): iheardung, heardung 124

02.08.08.04.02 (Of stomach) disordered

-To harden: heardian .Internal nrellfna: innanonfeal0 , ingcswcl°' .Internal wound: innanwund0 , innol>wund0 , inwund -Cancerous wouod: cancerwund - 'Bole' ha bodyniver: hole .Internal pain: inbcnd0 P, insticc, inwerc 02.08.08.01 Pain ha the emit: breostwerc .Ti&btness ha the chest: angbreost, breostnyrwct0 , nircwctt ..Suffering from tlgbmcss: ncaru 02.08.08.02 Lung disease: lungcniidl, lungcncol>u .Consumption: yfeliidl0 g .Spitting up blood: blOdhni:cung°', blOdsprwungg .Pleurisy: srdidlog, sidwzrc .Rheumy: saftricndeog, spedicndeq .(Of lungs) to atrophy: brtol>an 02.08.08.03 Heart dlwase: heortcol>a/-u .Heart attack: heortan cnys .Pain ha heart: heortccc, heortwerc .Ansina: breostnyrwct° .Buntin& of blood vessel: blOdrync .Heartburn: 5&1>a 02.08.08.04 Pain in stomach: hrifteung°S, hrifwercog, magan iidl, magan untrumncs, ryselwerc0 , wambidl0 , wambc col>u .Itching: wambc gicl>a .Affected by stomach pains: wambseoc .SOre, tender: sircrene0 .Motion, stirring: istyrung, wcndung 02.08.08.04.01 Gripe, colk: cliwung, fortogencs, innanfortog0 , .A cramp, spasm: hramma, togung, l>rig .Affected by colic: fortogcn .To mfrer from colk: forteon 02.08.08.04.02 (Of stomach) disordered: ungcwcalden .(Of stomach) loOle: ungemetfest, ungemetfestlic0 .lndlaestion: h!Uq, ungemcltncs0 , unmeltung0 ..From surfeit: metecweorra0 125

ropwa:r~

02.08.08.04.03 Intestinal worm ..Irritable indigestion: gesceorf •Wind, flatulence: wind ..Suffering from wind: forsogcn, windig .Nausea: snoffa0 , wlztung ..Morning sickness: morgenwletung° ..Vomit: spiwe0 , spiwl>a ..Act of vomiting: spfwingg, spiwl>a ..One who vomits: spfwere0 g ..To vomit: ispfwan (iit), iweorpan, mean, sprwan, spiw(i)an, iitispfwan .To belch: bcalcettan, cylcan°g, iitrocccttang, iltrocciang .A hiccough: ~lfsogol>a0 , geocsa, gicl>a0 , sogel>a ..To biccouab: siigan -(Of the stomach in spasm) to suck in: forsiigan 02.08.08.04.03 Intestbwl worm: anawyrm, trcwyrm0 , innanwyrm, inwyrm, rengwyrm, smeawyrm, wambe wyrm, wyrm 02.08.08.05 Disc•se of spleen: miltcol>e0 g .Pain in spleen: miltewerc .Splenetic: miltcseoc 02.08.08.06 Disnse of liver: liferidl, liferseocnes .Affected by liver disease: liferseoc .Pain in liver: liferw~rc .Hollow in liver: liferhol0 .Protuberance on liver: 1iferbyJ0 .Jaundice: cynelic idl, geallidl, sio geolwe idl 02.08.08.07 Disnse of kidneys: lendenwyn:0 g 02.08.08.08 Disnse of loins: lendcnidl 0 g .Suffering from loin disease: lendcnseoc .Pain in loins: lendenece 02.08.08.09 Piles: fie, trcidl, gefigo 02.08.08.10 Disnse of penis: homidl 0 02.08.08.11 Rupture: hcala .Sulfering from napture: healede 02.08.08.12 Disaiae of bowels: hriflidl 126

02.08.10 Fever

.W•••Mll in bowels: inno)>tydemes0 .nm: a:ming/ieming. ft!wsa, flowing', 0ftownes, spring, Otimings ..Bloody flux: blOdes ftownes, bl0dsihte -(Of blood) to flow: ftowan, ieman, swl!tan -To bleed: bledan .Diarrboea: scitte, Otsiht(e) ..Dlarrboea/dysentery: blOdig iitsiht ..Bloody diarrboea: meteiitsihtS, iitsihtidl, iitwzrc ..satrering from diarrboea: iitimende -(Of disease) dlarrboeic: iitimende -To suffer from diarrboea: iit yman .Tbe bleeding dls.oaH: se bl~enda fie .An is.me/8ow of blood: blMes gyte, blOdgyte, blOdiom/blOdryne, ryne -Having an Issue of blood: bl0dymende0 .Atrophy: meteiftiung°C .Constipation: gebind'. forgebind° -Constipated: fzst, forha:fed .Constipation tbroulh operation of beal>e: wyrtforbor 0 .Pain in bladder: blzdderwa:rc0 .Painful discbarge of urine: earfol>12te0 S .Stnmgury: londidl0 , stede .To be blocked up: beon/wesan forboren, forsittan .To looeeo: toll!tan, tOsliipan 02.08.09 Nervom d••s1m: 02.08.09.01 Apoplay: fl!rco1>u. fa!rdeal>, t>rOwendlic dcap 02.08.09.02 EpUepsy: b~ccoJ>u S, fylles&>cnes0 , fyllewzrc .sufrering from epUepsy: fylles!oc .EpUeptic: symbelmonaJ>licOf! .To tremble, quiver: hriJ>ian 0

02.08.10 Fever: bryneldlS, (ge)drif, fefer, teferldl, hriJ>0 , hril>idl0 , hril>ing0 , ridesoht°S .Kind of fever: tefercyn° .Satrering from fever: teferende, teferig, teferseoc8, hit -Not feverish: untcferig° .To be feverish: cwacian, tcferian, inh2tan° .Feverish condition: hete, swol .(Of beat of d'1i 1e) to burn: iweallan, onbeoman 7

127

02.08.10.0 I Malaria 02.08.10.01 Malaria: lcncteniidl, unlyft0 02.08.10.02 Sunstroke: sunbryne 02.08.10.03 Pestiferousness, pest, bane: wolbcmes0 02.08.10.03.01 Plague, patilence: cwealm, cwild, mancwealm, mancwyld0 ,

siege, steorfa, unco1'e/-u. wile, wolbryne0 .Sudden plague/pestilence: fltrcwealm .Plague: stric, unco~a (-u/-e) .Pestilence, plague, murrain: wol .(Of plague) deadly: cwildbltre, cwildberendlic0 , deaj>berende .Pestilential: wolberende .(Of year) plague-ridden: wolberendlic0 02.08.11 Mental health: 02.08.11.01 Sound mind: gemynd, rihtgewitt0 , (ge)witt .In one's right mind, sane: rihtgewittig, gewitfaest°, (ge)wittig -(Of mind) sane, sound: hil .Rationally, sensibly, sanely: gewittiglice 02.08.11.02 Mental weakness: braegenes hwyrfnes, mOdes elhygd,

mOdes geswz~rung, untrumnes .Abeaaation (of mind): iweggewitenes0 S, weggewit0 S .Dizziness, giddiness: hwyrfnes, swima, swinglung .Not strong of mind: seocm0d0 -Weak, confused: unfaest ..8eoseless, witless: gemyndlcas .To lose perceptive power: gesweorcan .To be doting, dote: dofiang 02.08.11.02.01 Innnity, madness: deofolseocnes, feondgyld.

monat>seocnes0 , ungewitfulnes0 , ungewitt, ungewittignes, (ge)witlcast, wOdscipeog, woffung .CraHd, ill: (ge)bl'Zcseoc, braegensCocS, deofolseoc, feonds!oc, gydig, gemltd, monal>seoc. monseoc, ofset, ofseten, unwis, ungewitful, ungewittig, wede, wedende, wedenheort, (ge)witleas, (ge)witseoc, wOd, ylfig •.Melancholic: wanseocg .To ~me mad: iwoffian 128

02.08.12 Healing, curing ..To be mad: iw&lan, dwolian, wedan ..To ao mad: iwedan, dwelian, w6bhian° ..To make mad, denmp: geelt>Cod(g)ian .A madman: gedwola, (ge)witseoc, wOda

02.08.11.02.01.01 Parosynn of madness, folly: scinnlic, woot>rag .The devil (In poae81ion): eordrcnc -A sleeping draught: slzpdrcnc0 ..A soothing syrup: lij>ncs ..A potion containing vinegar: cccddrcnc ..A 90Verap remedy: tYfiica ..Lye:

leag 130

02.08.12.02.05.04 To cleanse, clean away ..SOmethlng to stop bltwllng: blOdseten .Taking of blood (u medicine): b10dl>igen° ..Day of purgation, medidne-taking: cll!nsungdzg .Efticacy, virtue, force (of medicine): m&gen, strengl>(u) ••Eft'ective, ellicadoas: zltewe, mihtig, scearp, scearpnumol, teartnumol .(Of a remedy) severe: ifor .(Of a 1emedy) to sting: slnan 02.08.12.02.05.01 A be.I b with medicinal properties: ll!cewyrt .Particular herbs: caulic, magepe, mandragora .A herbal drink: wyrtdrenc "With add: wyrteccdrcnc0 -A drink made from pulverised seeds of herbs: diistdrenc0 See 02.07.10 Herb, spice 02.08.12.02.05.02 Salves, ointments: l&cesealf0 g, sealf, smeorusealfO, smerenes, smirung, sw&sung°& .Red lead: teafor •White lead: hwitl~teafor g .Henna: cypersealf0 8 .Spikenard: nard ,Balnm: balsam(um). spaldur' .Wu: weaxhlifsealfO .To smear, anoint (with salve): (ge)clzman, smierwan .To ease, comfort (a wound): (ge)retan, sJDCl>an "To foment, dnss (a wound): (ge)llcnian -Salve for a wound: dolgsealf ..Drtok for a wound: dolhdrenc "To soften away: tohnescan° See 03.01.17.07 Salves, etc.; 04.06.01.04 Soaps 0

02.08.12.02.05.03 A poultice: clim, clil>a, flacg°'. flyne, ll!cedomnes'. onlegen, plaster, swel>ung .To apply a poultice: becll!man .(Of poultice) applied: onlecgende 02.08.12.02.05.04 To deame, dean away: ifeormian (of) .Ad of deansin1: cl&nsung .To bathe, lave: (ge)bel>ian, bel>ettan° .Ad of bathin1: bel>ung "Vapour bath: stanbzl> 131

02.08.12.02.06 Surgical .To lu.mipte: (gc)r&:an, smeocan, smocian, st!ran •To syringe: gcsptetan ..Act of syringing: spring .An iDJection: ondOung°

See 04.06.01 ff Clean 02.08.12.02.06 Surgical: licnigcndlic0 g .A lancet: itdrcseax0 g, bloose.ax, bor, ccorf~x , flytme, lzceiren°, lzccscax0 , snidiscn° .A cut, incision: gcsnid ..8carification, incision: scearpc, scearpung -To make an incision: (ge)wundian -To lance: iscCotan -To let blood: forhttan, lztan, oflztan -.Act of blood-letting: bIOdlzs(wu), bloolzte, bloolzting°, ties -Blood-letter: blodlztere0 g -Cupping-born: tygchom 0 -Time for blood-letting: bl0dlzstid0 -To amputate: gesni)>an -.A cutting oft', amputation: ofcyrf ••To stanch (a flow): forpriccan .To cause to suppurate: gchwelian ..To prevent suppuration in a cancer: iblcndan cancer .Act of cauterizing: bzmctt •To cauterize: bzman, fortcndan 0

02.08.12.02.06.01 A bandage, binding: bindcle, dolhsmelt0 g, onwn1>ung0 g, sirclil>', scaxclap0 g, spclc, wa:tla, wn!d .In bandages: in swaJ>um .To bi.nd up, bandage: forwnl>an, gewnl>an .To bind with splints: spclcan .A thumbstall: ~ymcl .A splint: spclc 02.08.12.02.07 Remedies for spedftc parts (bead to toe): .A wash for the head: heafodbz~ .To gargle, swill mouth/throat: swilian, swolgcttan° -Gargling, a gargle: swil(l)ing .Cough medicine: gcbrzcdrencog .salve, ointment for head: heafodsealf0 , ~csealf 0

0

132

02.08.13 Recovery, growing better .s.Jyeforeye:&lgsealf .s.Jye for ear: earsealf .s.Jve for mouth: mOl>sealf0 .s.Jve for tooth: tol>sealf .s.Jve for bones: binscalfO .s.JTe for lnnp: lungensealf .s.Jve for a tumour: wcnnsealf 02.08.12.02.07.01 Purgative: .A liquid emetic: ch!nsungdrenc, spiwdrenc, wcccdrcnc .A parpdve berb: lybcom .To purse: ifcormian, istyrian, (gc)clznsian, gcgrcmian .Act of purging: ifcormung ..Day for: clznsungdzg ..Motioa/sti.muladon (of bowels, etc.): istyrung .That purges, purpdve: scito1°, spiwol, iitimcndc .Not emetic: unspiwol .Diaretic: migol .To apply a dyster: sprengan (on) 02.08.13 Recovery, ll'Owina better: cdhwyrft. cdst$>1°, edwytping0 , cftbetung°S, eftbOtl, wytpe, ymbwcndung' .To come to, recover fHling: cuman, cwician, gccdcwician .To ncover: icwician, imagian, iwytpan, batian, (gc)bOtian, gedigan, gcedwytpan, gcfcl>rian. gcmanian, gctrumian, trymman, (gc)wierpan ..(Of person, wound) to recover: icofrian ..(Of body) to become easier: leohtian ..(Of wound) to mend: (gc)batian, wgzdere lztan ..(Of sinews, ciostiveness) to relax: tolztan, tosliipan .Recovering quiddy: sccortwyrplic° ..Refnsbed, not weary: gcli)>cweht. unwerig ..To refresh one'1 lllf bJ autina: gcrestan .Recovered: (gc)hll .Better: sel(or) See 02.05.04 Sleep; /6.0/.0/.02.09 Resurrection

133

03 Material, matter, substance

3. Matter and MeaS1Jrement 03 Material, matter, substance: andweorc, efne0 , ontimber, ontimbemes0 ,

geteoh, timber .A thing: t>ing ..8omething: sum ..8omething or other: nlthw&t ..A mass, lump, ball: clottg, clyne, weler 0 ...A loaf-shaped maut hlif .An incorporeal bein1 (e.g. offtre): gist .An element, one of four elements: gesceaft ..Earth: eofl>e, hriiseP ..Heat/fire: tyr, ~te/-u ..Air: lyft ..Water: weter

03.01 Properties of matter:

See 05. JO ff Spatial properties 03.01.01 Thick, dO!le-tatared, dense: iheardod, ansund, digerq, hefig,

t>icce, get>yllic' .(Of texturelstructun) closely: l>icce 03.01.02 Thin-, slightness of density: t>ynnes .(Of demtty) thin: t>ynne .(Of texture, powder, etc.) fine: smzl 03.01.03 Hardness, callosity, bard material: heardnes .A bard object, bard material: bin, heard .A hardening, making bard: hyrden° .Hard: heard ..Very bard: forheard, regnheard°P ..Very sharp/bard: fColheard0 P, stedeheard0 P

..Flft..bardened: f'Yrheard0 P ..hon-bard: irenheard0 P ..Hardened, made bard: forheardod ..Not hardened, not dried: unidrilgod0 .To pow bard: iheardian, isttl>ian, forheardian, heardian, stearcian°8 03.01.03.01 Stimless, hardness: stI)>nes .Rigid, stiff, unbencling: stif, unibygendlic0 8

134

03.01.06 Smoothness

.Britde, fncile:

br!al> hnescc, tiedre, tObrocenlic, t0brytendlic g 0

0

,

03.01.03.02 Strenatb. power: strengt>(u) .Strona, not bending easily: stean:, stif, stl)> .Hard, aot easily broken: heard, swfl> .Not to pve way, to rm••in aabroba: hcaldan

See 05.08 Strength 03.01.04 Softne9s: hncscnes .A llOft object, something that Is soft: hnescc, hnescncs .soft, soft to the touch: hnescc, mearu .To become soft, soften: hnesc(i)an .To soften (bani material): gehnesc(i)an -To soften (with olatmeat, etc.), moisten: (ge)l>watnan

See 05.09 Weakness 03.01.04.01 Power of bendina, flexibility: brgnes .SUpple, flexible, pUable: swancorP .soft, yielding, flexible, lmpr• •Ible: leol>uwlc, lfl>ig .Pliant, not rigid: toh, wic .Not banlened, not firm: unistl)>od0 .Boneless, not rfPd: bin)eas0 P .To become pJi4nt: (ge)leol>uwitcan 03.01.05 Roapne11: scearpnes, unsmepncsg .Knottiness: wearrihtnesl .Roup: hreof, rub, scearp, unmte]>e, unsmO]>e, woh, wrang, wrangwrs0 g • _Half-roap: heaJfhrilhoS -One-side rough: inhealfrilhq ..Broken, jagged, rugged: byrstig, gecymod -Rough-cast, unsmoothed: uncUemod°g -Rough, scaly, knotty: ostiglostihtl, sticol -Coarse of grain or texture: giUt -KnoUy: rUh .Studded, set with: besett 03.01.06 Smoothness: mtel>ncs .Smooth: slicaq, s.mt>e. unrilhl .Slippery: glidg, glid(d)er, slltpeq, slid0 g, slidor, slifer0 g, slipor .To become smooth: smij>ian •To make smooth: gesmll>an, (ge)s~ian 13S

03.01.07 Weight, heaviness -To smooth by rubbing round: ymbsttican° 03.01.07 Weipt, heaviness~ hefe, hefignes, swl!mes .A heavy men, burden: hefe -Great bulk, swoUen form: greatnes .Heavy: hefig, pis0 ' . swl!r •To bo'become/make heavy: hefigian 03.01.08 Lfaht, of little wei&ht: leoht .Without much pressure or force, lightly: ICohtlice 03.01.09 Heat: hit .e~. heat: hitnes, hyt'I .Quality/property of being bot: hl!te, hl!tu

.State of feeling hot: hl!te .Heat of the sun: heofoncolu0 P, sunnhl!teq ..Spring heat: lenctenhl!to0 .Intense heat: wielm .Burning heat: bzmett, bryne, ferbryne0 P, swol .1'1aming heat: sweolol>(a), sweol>ol .Hot: hat ..Becoming hot: hitigende ..Sun-heated: sunhitog ..Burning hot, torrid: biemende, brynehit°P, hitwende0 P, wealhat0 , weallende, wielmhit0 P ..Hot as fire: tyrhit, sweolol>hitq -Unmeasurably bot: unmethat° -verhot: oferhat° .Hotly: bate .To be hot: aweallan -To dry up with heat: hitian - To become hot: ihitian, hitian, onhitian' .(Of a bot •"•tion) to bum, inflame: swelanP See 01.03.01.01 Hot weather; 17.05 Fuel, fire

03.01.09.01 Warmth, heat: hleowt>, wearmnes0 .Warm: (ge)hleow, hleowfzst, weann, weannlic0 P -(Of milk) warm from the cow: ciiwearm -Fully warm: fullweann° .Act of wanning: wyrming°

•Warmly: hleowe, wearme

136

03.01.0CJ.02 Fire, flame

.To become warm: hl!owan, (gc)wearmian "To warm by blithlng, foment: (gc)bel>ian .To heat, warm: (gc)beman, (gc)hetan, hl!owan, onbeman, o~tan. (gc)wynnan "To beat tbroacb: l>urhglectan°P "To IN!ke O'fabot: forhetan°, ofl>efian° See 04.01.02.02.05.01 Heating 03.01.09.01.01 (Of liquids) boiling: weallendc .Not boiled away: unbewcllcd° .To boil, be hot: (gc)weallan .To boil, cause to boil: (gc)wyllan "To boil too much, boil over: ofcrwillan "To boil thoroughly, boil to piecea: ofcrwillan, toseo1>an° "To reduce by bo1Hn1: bc5Co1>an, ofcrwillan "To boll away: beweallan, bcwyllan, forweallan° See 04.01.02.02.05.02 Boil 03.01.09.01.02 That melts, melting: (gc)mcltendc .Molten: ligoten, lmoltcn°, g!otcnlic0 ' .To melt: lmyltan, (gc)mcltan See 03.01.16 Liquid

03.01.09.01.02.01 Fusible: rniltcndc .To l'use by melting: gcmcltan togzdcrc 03.01.09.02 Fire, flame: etedP, iii, ~), brync, fYr, gJCd, ligbryncP, ligfyr .Flame, blaze: eJedfYr 0 P, 1!Jing, ~Jbl11:sc0 P, bltlbJys(c)P, blltd, blltst, blltstm0 , lig, lfgcr 0 , swaJ>ul 0 P ..Hot breath, blast (of fire): e1>m ..A wave of flame: bryncwylmP, fYrwylm0 P, lfgy1>0 P ..Fierce flame: hcaJ>uwylmP, wiclmfYr 0 P "Violentt of lames: belt>racu0 P. ligt>r&cuP "Towering flame: heahfjr0 P ..Lurid flame: wanfYrq "rneamlng fire: ltledl&>ma0 P .Crackling of fire: lyrgcbrll:c0 P .A Ire-spark: fYrgnast°P, fYrspcarca°', gled, spcarca. ysl(e) .Acti'fe in fire: ligbysigP .That sparks, sparkina: yslcnde°' .(Of ooals) live, bamlna: cwic 137

03.01.09.02.01 Fare, burning .Fiery, fire.bearing: ~re&. fYren, fYrenfulS, lfg~re&. ligberende', ligen, 1Iglic0 •Vomiting ftame: 1Igfemendc0 , ligfimbliweode0 , ligfYrbercnde0 , trgsprwel .(Of comet) havina fiery locks: IIglocc(ed)S .Burning, fiery: fYren, glowende, read .Unquenchable: unicwencedlic, unldrysneodeoS, uoidrysoendlicS, uniidwzsced, uniidwiesce(n)dlic, undrysnendc0 S -Unquencbably: unidwl!scendlice .Without being on fire: unbymende0 P .To ftame, fticker with ftame: (ge)bieman, bladesianS, (ge)bliwan, blysian° •To Bame, blaze, rage: forswielan, risettanP, weal Ian .To bum, K1ow: glOwan

03.01.09.02.01 Flre, bum.ing: atlednes0 , hemes, ba:mett, beming, brand, bryne, forbeming, forswatlednes0 S, inbryneoS, ontendnes, swatlednes0 S .Fire (fuel In state ot combustion): fYr ..A fire: fYr, gled -Firem•king: ilgeweorcS .A burning, roasting: hienting, wielm ..A burning, kindling: onil ..A scorching, burning: fontyrs .A live coal: col, gled, glede .A fire.brand: brand, fYr, fYren l>ecele .Burning, fiery: biemende, bymig0 P, ijren, SWZlende ..Evel'-buming: sinbyrnendeop -Getting bu1 ned up: biemende .Bearing fire: fYren .Kindled: geswzled .Burnt: geltld,besengd,gebrZd -Thoroughly bumt: l>urhbumen° -Balf-bumt: simba:medS, simswatledS -Unburnt: unbesenged0 , unforba:med, unforbumen°, unforswa!led0 .To be on fire: in fYre wesan .To bum, bum up: ibeoman, (ge)t!lan, (ge)ba:man, (ge)bieman, forba:man, forbeoman, forswielan, forswelan°P, onielan, onba:man, (ge)swzlan .To scorch, bum: besengan, beswzlan •To suffer beat ot fire, bum: (ge)bieman, ontendan .To set on fire, bum up: ontendan -To kindle, set alight: itendan, (ge)ba:man, gegledan°P, lecgan ijr on, lihtan, onielan, onba:man, 6nbeornan, ontendan 138

03.01.09.02.01.04 Smoke

-To ldndk a &re: ltled wcccan .To damap with Ire, ICOl'Cb, ~are: (ge)bredan, forba:man, forswl!lan, hierstan

03.01.09.02.01.01 A kind of &re: fYrcynn° .An immense &re: tyrbryne .Cruel &re: beaJndyrP .Dtsbuctive &re: minbryne0 , teonlegP .Desbuctive fllune (from a drqon): hildel~maP .A burning of a house: bilsbryne .Holocaust: ealloffrung°' .Fire for barnia& dad or Uvina: id J1ame of toneral &re: idleg°P. bltlwytm0 P See 02.02.05.01.01 Grave

03.01.09.02.01.02 Emben, daders, ashes: l!merge, escegeswip0 , asce .Ash of ,,.1mm: icumba(-e) .Ash of elder: ellenasce0 .Ash-heap: id .soot: hriim -Kettle IOOt: citethriim0

03.01.09.02.01.03 Sulphur, brimstone: brynstin°, cwicfYrl, swefel .Sulphuroasnas: sweftenes0 .Sulphurous smoke: swefelrec&, sweft}>rosm' .Sulphurous: sweften 03.01.09.02.01.04 Smoke: rec, smoca, J>ism0 , 1>rosm .Smoke from wood (of funeral pyre): wudur&:0 P .(Of hearth) smoking: reocende .Deadlysmokflreek:we~P

.Blast (of smoke, Ire, etc.): fnl!st

·.Steamy, smoky, vaponias: reocende, J>rosmig0 .To emit smokf/dnm/vapou.r: (ge)reoc:an, smeocan, smican, smocian, streman .To 11110b, belch forth anoke: reocan .To 8U with smoke: geondrf:can° .To cause to emit smoke: recan .To apo1e to smoke, fumlpte: berecan, bereocan°, smeocan .(Of smoke) to me up: up e}>ian 139

03.0 I. I0 Tepidity, lukewannncss .(Of smoke, doud, etc.) to be dispersed: toglidan See 16.02.05.09.02 Incense 03.01.10 Tepidity, lukewarmness: wla:c, wla:cnes .Tepid, lukewarm: wlacu/wlaec ..Cooled to tepid: gewlecced .Moderately bot: gemethit° .To be/become tepid: wlacian .To make tepid: (ge)wlacian, (ge)wleccan 03.01.11 Coldness, coolness: ceald, cealdnes, celing, celneS, COJnes0 P,

cyldu0 1 .Intense cold: fzrcyle0 P .Cooling power, reta eshment: celing, gecelnes .Cold, cool: ceald, ool ..Made cool, chilled: icOlod, gecilledoS, forcilled ..lntenwly cold: a:lceald0 P, ofcalen, winterbiter P ..Excessively cold: ofcrceald, ungemetceald°P ..Cold as the sea: brimcealdP ..Pupt"tually cold: sincealdP ..Deadly cold: WCJceald0 P ..Icy-cold: eallisig, brimceald0 P' iscealdP' sniwceald0 P ..Fieezing, frozen, cold: freorigP

...Frcnen: forstlic°' -F'lv&en bard: brimigbeard0 P _Frozen over: oferftoren ...Covered with ice: isig, isiht(e)0 ...With frosted winp: isigfet>era0 P .Coldly: cealde .To be/become cold: icalan, iicealdian, calan, (ge)celan, (ge)colian .To cool, make cool: iicelan .To become cold: icolian, cealdian ..To freeze: (ge)freosan See 01.01.03.02 /ce; 01.03.01.04 ff. Wintry weather 03.01.12 Brightness, light: beorht, (ge)beorhtnes, bierhtu, fignes, glzmP,

gleomu0 P, hidor, leoma, lihting, lihtnes, lixungi, scima, scinnes0 1 , torhtnes, wlite .Gem-splendour: gimrodor'

140

03.01.12.01 Glittering, effulgence .Light, bript: beorht, beorhtlic, blttc, glzd, gl2dlic, gn!g, bidor, hliltor, hwn, l~t, leoht~re. leohtberende, leohtlic0 P, Jihtende, lrxende, scearp, serene, scfnende, scinendlic°', scrr, steap, swegleP, torht ..Equally bright: efenbeorhtP ..Shining, bright: briin, fig "Radlandy bright: eallbeorht°P, tieabeorbt, frealorhtg, fulbeorht0 , ~retorht0P, l>urhbeorht, l>urhscinendlic°', wlitebeorhtP, wlitescine, wlitetorhtP, wuldorfaest, wuldortorhtP - Victoriously radiant: sigebeorht°, sigetorht°P, sigorbeorht°P _aotbed in radiance: scirwercdP, sweglwercd°P ..Bright with sunshine: sunbeorhtP ..Bright as the sun: sigelbeorhtP, sigeltorht°P, sunscrene0 P ..Heaven-bright: heofonbeorhtf>, heofontorhtP, rodorbeorht°P, rodortorhtinen° -Tborougbly wet: J>urhwa!t° .To be moist: ruhtian°, J>2nan .To be/become moist: J>inianog .To grow moist, get damp: J>inan° .To be/become wet: wztian •To m·..m, be wet with: berinnan°P. dennian'l. geotan 148

03.0l.16.04Foam, froth

.To drink, abeorb, take in liquid: bedrincan, ingcdrincan, liccian, swelgan, sypian° .To pour out: lgeotan, ofgeotan, iitweallan -To spread/pour tbroup: geondgeotan •To well up: iipiweallan° .To be 8ooded, be covend with a ftuid: ftowan .To IOllk, lie in a liquid: socian .To moisten: be~wcanoS, fYhtanl, ofl>l!nan, (ge)~l!nan, (ge)wl!tan .To wet, make wet (with): beieman, bescymanP, beswylian°P, (ge)leccan, ofergeotan, geswilian, (ge)wetan 03.01.16.02 Water, liquid: wl!g, weter .Form/kind of water: wetercynn° -Rain water: renweter ..Sprina water: wylleweter ..Brine: bcyne0 1, selmerige0 -Sea water: sl!weter, sealt .Of water, watery: streamlic0 • weterig .(Of water) salt: sealt .Fresh (not salt): fersc, swcte .That babbles, babbling: writolq .To become fresh: iferscan° See 01.01.03 Water; 04.01.03.04 Water; 16.02.05.09.04 Holy water 03.01.16.03 A drop of liquid: dropa, tear .Dripplng, a falling drop by drop: droppetung' .Stram, ftow: dropung, ftoo .Drop by drop: dropml!lum .To drip, trickle: idreopan°P. (ge)dreopan, dropian, droppettan, dryppan .To cause to fall in drops, to drop: (ge)drYpan .To trtclde, ooze, penetrate: sicerian° .To ooze, drain oat: (ge)sigan iit .To wring, squeeze out: ibl!dan, iwringan of, ilt apywan, (ge)wringan 03.01.16.04 Foam, froth: flrn, wapull

.scum: hrot°

.Foaming, frothy, bubbllng, agitated: fl!mende, famiende, lamig •To foam, froth: ifreo~ , fl!man, flrnian .To foam, bubble up, pour forth: wapelianl 0

149

03.01.16.0S A sprinkling

03.01.16.05 A sprinkliq: istrcgdnesoS, sprenging«, stanc0 g, strcgdnes0 , strogdnesq .To sprinkle: istregdan, bedn'"fan, begCot.an, besprengan, gcondstrcgdan, onsprengan°, onstregdang, (ge)sprengan, stancrianoS, strcgdan, wcorpan 03.01.16.06 A snaking, steeping: w!sing0 s •Wetting, act of soaking through: sype •Watering, irrigation: geondleccung«, leccung°S .soaked, soused, full of moisture: ofgoten, geseaw, wese0 .Watered: wa:terig .To cover with liquid, pour over and bathe: gcondgeotan, ofgeotan, }>urhgeotan .To fill with water: ondrincan .To squirt through, syringe through: gcondspretan° .To pour water on material: (ge)weterian •To water, irrigate: geondleccan .To dip, immerse, submerge (in): bedyfan, bedypan, bedyppan .To submerge, 8ood (with water), drown: bedilfan, (ge)sencan •To soak, steep in a liquid: socian, soppian°, (ge)wesan -To saturate, completely soak: (ge)drencan, gcondgeotan, l>urhdrencan° 03.01.17 Thickness, viscosity: t>icnes .Sticky slimy suhftance, paste, pulp: ftyne, gor, slypa, slyppe, sticce0 •Thick, viscid: slipeg, stille, sbp, l>icce ..As thick as pottage: briwl>icce0 .Sticky: toh .Tenaciously, toughly: tohliceS .To make/become thick, thicken: l>iccian -To bring to the consistency oftar: getyrw(i)an° .To adhere, stick (to), ding: a:tclifianS, a:tf'Colan, clifan°, (ge)clifian (on), (ge)f'Colan, onclifian, ot>fColanoS, toclifiang, get>Codan 03.01.17.01 A coagulating, mislng: gemang .State of coagulation: gerunnenesq .Congealed, clotted: gerunnen -(Of blood) congealed: dead, lifrig° ..Half-congealed: healfclungeng .To coagulate, tbJckeo: geieman/gerinnan, standan, swomiang .To congeal, stick together: clingan 03.01.17.02 Sap, Juice: sa:p, seaw 150

03.01.18 Dryness (not wetness)

.sappy, sacculent, juky: saepig& 03.01.17.03 Fat, peasie: ftttnes, (ge)lynd(e), seimog, smeoru, smolt, spindg .Fatty, greasy: fett, mearglic', gemeargodog, smeoruwig

See 04.01.02.01.02.05.05 Fa//suet 03.01.17.04 Oil: ele .Containing oU: eleberende0 « .(Of wool) oily, greasy: eowocig

See 16.02.04.07.06 Unction; 16.02.05.09.03 Holy oil 03.01.17.05 Wu: weax .A ball of wu, wu-apple: wzxzppel0 .A tablet/cake of wu: weaxhlAf .Wu(en),maofwu: weaxen' 03.01.17.06 Rain, tar, gum: hlilttorpic, rysel, st0rsaep8, teoru, treowterug,

tyrwa(-e) .Gum from cut Ivy: Tfigtearo .Of nsin: tyrwenl 03.01.17.06.01 Bitumen, pitch: eort>tyrwe0 , pie, sciptearo .Pitchy, of pitch: picen .To pitch, stain a dark colour: betyran°« 03.01.17.07 Salves, ointments, etc.: sip/-e, sealfcynn°g, smirels, smirenes .Henna ointment: cypersealf0 1 .OU salve, sweet balm, nard: elesealf«

.Hart's gnaw: heorotsmeoru0 .Pleasant salve: wynele0 P See 02.08.12.02.05.02 Ointment 03.01.17.07.01 An anointing, grasing: smirels, smir(w)ung .Smeared, pea•: gem&st, gesmired .To anoint, cover with oil, grease: Afttttian', il>wean, befettianq,

besmyran/besmyrwian, (ge)decan, gedyPafl, ofersiruam0 , sealfiang, (ge)smierwan, (ge)smftan (mid/on) .To lather, smear, anoint: ily~ran. (ge)ly~ 03.01.18 Dryness (not wetuas): dryge, drygnes .Dry place/land; drilgo~. drilgung 151

03.02 Bad condition of matter .Dry, without water: dryge, pyrre, unw2terig, weterlcas .(Of plants) lacking sap/moisture: dryge, pyrre, unszpig° ..sere, fallow, withered: ihyrst, isocen, fealu, forclungen, sear, srerc .(Of bands, etc.) shrunken: dryge, forscruncen, misscrence0 , scrence0 g,

gescruncen, scrynce0 g, pynhhtne08 .To become dry: idriigian, drygan .To dry up, become dry: idriigian, bedrilgian°, forspyrcan°P, forl>yrrian° .To dry up, make dry: adri:igian, idrygan, (ge)drygan, p2ran°, pyrran°P .(Of plants, people, etc.) to wither, dry up: uearian, istij>ian, awisnian08, clingan, (ge)driigian, forclingan, fordrUgian, forscrincan, forsearian, screpanq, wisnian • •To cause to shrivel or shrink, wither away: fomerwian°, gescrencan .To wipe off (moisture), dry up: idrygan (of), oRdrygan° .To dry up (a ftukl): idrygan .To dry by aposure to beat: (ge)drygan ..To dry by the ftre: geroscianq See 0/.0/.02.0/.06 Desert 03.02 Bad condition of matter: 03.02.01 Decay, decline, corruption: (ge)brosnung, wanung .A blemish, fault: milg .Corruptible, decaying: (ge)brosniende, brosniendlic, (ge)brosnodlic,

feallende, tobrocenlic .(Of physical condition) worse: wiers ..(Of physical condition) worst: wierst .Withered, contracted: Aclungen°g .Consumed, withered: forsoden° .Unrenewable, ia·aepoarable: ungenrwiendlic0 g .To decay, degenerate, fall away: ibreopan, adwolian°g, etlimpan,

(ge)feallan, (ge)losian, omian°g, opfeallan, (ge)trdrian, tOdreosan, tofeallan, (ge)wlician, wanian, wipganganP, yfelian .To wrinkle, shrivel, contract: gesneorcan08 •To contract, shrink: scrimman°, (ge)scrincan .To wither, decay, fade: forweomian, forwisnian See 05.09.05 Decline •

03.02.01.01 Decay, corruption, rottenness: formolsun~. forrotcdnes,

molsn, rotung, preax, gewemmednes 152

03.03 Measurement, determination of amount .Mouldering, decayed: cweldeht, fonnogod°, fonnolsnod, forrotod, fiil, gundig°', lyswen, gemolsnod, t6hroren ..Fluid, ?causing deaeneration: ftowende ..Putrefying, stinking from decay: ifiiliende, filliende ..Liable to decay: gewemme(n)dlic .To pnhefy, rot, grow foul: ifiilian, forealdian, fonnolsnian, forrotian, forweomian, forwisnian, framicnyslian°', fiilian, (ge)molsnian, (ge}rotian, toflowan .Undecayed, unconupted: unfonnolsnod, unforwordenlic8, unmolsniendlic8, ungemolsnod

03.02.01.02 Decay from age: ieldo .i>eaeplt, decayed: forbrocen, forealdod, forworen .Used, threadbare: igniden, forwerod .To decay with age: ieldan -(Of dead matter) to decay over time: forealdian .To wear out (dotbes): iwerian° .To be threadbare, get worn out: t6sigan 03.02.01.03 Worm-eaten state: W)'lldte .Moth-eaten, worm-eaten: mol>freten°, wynru!te 03.02.01.04 Rust: om, rust, sinderOm°' .Rusty: 6mig, riistig .To eat through (metals): l>urhetan 03.02.01.05 Mould, moisture: fyne°' .Mouldy, musty: fynig .To become mouldy: (ge)fynegian 03.02.01.05.01 Blight (causing leaves to look blbned): brand .Perishing, destniction (of crops): forweofl>enes0 , forwordenes0 .To blight (crops): etstandan .(Of plants, bees, etc.) to wither, decay: fealwian, (ge)scrincan, searian 03.03 Measurement, determination of amount: gemet .Act of measuri111: gemetgung .A measurer: metend .A system/standard of meamri111: gemet .That by which one measures: (ge)met ..A proper measure: rihtgemel°

153

03.03.01 Specific measures .A measure (verrel): gemet, gemetfet .A mc•pift (qaandty): ~I. gemet. telmet .Tbat measures, meepirlng: gemetlic .To measure, arszrs, appraise: imetan, (ge)metan ..To fix tbe amount ot, measure: (ge)mearcian, gemetgian

03.03.01 Speclftc meuans: burhgemet°, cuclCl'JD&l, cyricmitta0 , gildsester,

healfsester°' .A dry or liquid measure: amber, leap, mitta ..An omor (Hebrew measure): gomor

•

See 05.10.05.03 Measure ofdistance 03.03.01.01 Liquid measures: cumb, dryncgemett0 , oma, pegel 0 S, pund,

weterpundoS 03.03.01.02 Dry measurer: sceppe, sester, sife~ .A bushel: byden, mydd° .A tbrave (of com): ~refe .A quantity of ftsb: gebind, snls, sticca .Holding tea amben: trenambre0 .Holdiq two sesten: twisestre0 0

03.03.02 M,.,..1anmt by weigbiq: ipinsung&, gewltge, gewiht ·Tumtna of scale, weighing In balance: heolwung°S .A system/stand•nl of welgbiq: gewiht • ..For particular substances: leadgewiht0 , seolforgewiht° .A weight, measure: anmitta, hefe, pundurS, (ge)wltge, gewiht .A weighing machine: anmitta, twiheolor 0 S, twiwltg°g, wltge, wegpundem0 ..SC.le of a balance: heolors, heolorbleduoS, scealu, wegscalu0 S ..Moving part of a balance: scutel, wttgetungeoS ..A counterpoise: efenwttgeS, feal~ing°S ..scaJes for wool: wullwttga0 S .(Of weight) faulty, lnco11ect, false: fals, wOh .To weigh ln a balance: iheolorianS, ipyndrian°s, iwegan, heolorianS,

(ge)wegan .To weigb out: iwegan .To clnw, be of (a certain) weight: teon, (ge)wegan ..To be equal ln weight to: iwegan 03.03.02.01 A weight, deftnlte amount: (ge)wttge, gewiht .Pu1kular weights: liferq, mare, tryrnes, yndse 154

03.03.03.01 Arithmetic ..A poaadweipt: pund, pundweg ..A pennyweight: pening, peningw~g° -Weiplng a pound: puna ~I .A sixth part: scsclc .A fourth: ~a, feorl>an d&I, leorJ>ling, t!orJ>ungs .A third: J>ridda, J>riddan dzl, J>rimcn° "Two-thirds: tw~c. twf~I .A hair: hcalf, hcalf dzl "Hair (aj): hcalf "Hair, (one) half(av): hcalf "Half as, by half: hcalfc "In two: on cfentwl, twii .To take out a tenth part: teogoJ>ian .To halve: hclfanq, gcmidlianS See 03.03.07 Division

03.03.03.04 Specific numbers: 03.03.03.04.01 One: iin .One (aj): iin .One single (aj): iinfcald, iinlfpi(g) .Once: line, lines, enc si)>a, line si)>e, on ltnnc si)> .One by one, separately, severally: in and in, incummun°S, synderlfpesS, syndrige, syndriglfce .Per bead: zt hWde See 03.04.01 Singularity

03.03.03.04.01.01 One and a half: ot>er hcalf 03.03.03.04.02 Two: twegen .Two, twain (aj): twegen .Both: begen, bOtO 156

03.03.03.04.06 Six .Doable: dypleq .Twin: getwinn .8ecoad: OJ>er' .Dual, twin (aj): twifeald, twrfealdlic, twflic, (ge)twinn .second (aj): eftcrlic°', efterra. oJ>er •Twice: twi, twegen, twrfeald .Twofold, twice (u): be twifealdwn. twl, twi swl, twi swi micel, twifealdlrce •Two by two: twim and twim, twegen and twegen .In two way1: twifealdlrce •The one ••• tbe other: 6J>er' ... oJ>er •To doable: (ge)twifealdian/(ge)twrfildan 03.03.03.04.02.01 Two and a half: l>ridde healf 03.03.03.04.03 Three: .Trinity: txrnes .Three (aj): l>rfe

.Third:

~rre

~ridda

.Tlmerold, triple: l>rifeald, l>rt1ic, l>rinlic0 S .Tbrke: ~rinna0 , 1>riwa .In three way1: on J>reo, ~rifealdlice

.To triplicate: l>rtlyldan 03.03.03.04.03.01 Three and a half: aorj>e healf 03.03.03.04.04 Four: Rower .Foar (aj): Rower .Fourth: fCorJ>a .Fourfold, qaadnaple: Rowerfeald, fi~eaJdOI .Fourthly: fCorl>e .Four times: Rower .Qaadnaply: Rowerfealdlrce 03.03.03.04.05 Fm: fif .Jlye (aj): fif .Fifth: fifta .Flftbly: tTfte Jilyefold: fiffeald 03.03.03.04.06 Sb:: siex 157

03.03.03.04.07 Seven .Six (aj): siex .Sixth: siexta .Sixfold: siexfeald .Sixthly: siexte

03.03.03.04.07 Seven: seofon, seofongeuel' .seven (aJ): seofon .5eftllth: seofol>a .5nenfold: seofonfeald .5eventbly: seofope .5evenfoldly: seofonfealdlrce' 03.03.03.04.08 Eisbt: eabta .Elsht (aJ): eabta .Eighth: eahtol>a .Eightfold: eahtafeald 03.03.03.04.08.01 Elsht and a half: nigend healf 03.03.03.04.09 Nine: nigon .Nine (aJ): nigon .Ninth: nigende, nigol>a .Ninefold: nigonfeald° .Nlntbly: nigoJ>e 03.03.03.04.10 Ten: dicorq, tren .A tmth: teot>a .Decade: bund .Ten (aJ): tren .Tenth: teot>a .Tenfold: tienfeald Jn tms: tjnwn .Tmtbly: teoJ>e 03.03.03.04.11 Eleven: endleofan .Eleven (aj): endleofan .Eleventla: endleoft(ep)a .Elevenfold: endlyfenfeald0 .In the eleventh place: endlyfte 03.03.03.04.12 Twelve: twelf 158

03.03.03.04.22 Fony .Twel•e (~): twelf .'IWelftll: twelfta .Twelvefold: twelffeald •Twelftbly: twelfte

03.03.o3.0it.13 Thirtem: )riotfene Thirtemtb: ~

03.03.03.0f.14 Fomtem: tcowertiene .Fomtemtb: tcowert!ol>a 03.03.03.0f.lS Flftem: tlftlene ~Dtb~ fiftCo)>a/·tegl>a 03.03.03.04.16 Sixteen: sixtyne .Sixteenth: sixteol>a 03.03.03.04.17 Seventeen: seofontiene .8eYenteentb: scofonteot>a 03.03.03.04.18 Elabteen: eahtatiene .Eipteentb: eaht(a)teol>a 03.03.03.04.19 Nhwteen: nigontiene .Nlndeentb: nigonteot>a .Con..lntna tbe number nlmteen: nigontjnlic0 03.03.03.04.20 Twenty: scoru, twentig .Twenty(~): twcntig •Twentieth: twcntigol>a .Twentyfold: twentigfeald .In twentlel: twentigum 03.03.03.04.21 Thirty: ~rftig .1blrtiedl: P'ftigol>a .Tlllrtyfold: Priugfeald 03.03.03.04.22 Forty: tcowenig, tcoweniggete1° .Forty (~): tcowenig .Fortieth: tcowenigol>a .Fortyfold: tcowenigfeald • : tcowertigfeald, tcoweniglic 159

03.03.03.04.23 Fifty 03.03.03.04.23 Fifty: fiftig .Fifly (aj): ffftig .Fiftieth: fiftcogo)>a .FU'tyfold: fiftigfea)dO 03.03.03.04.24 Sb:ty: sicxtig .Sixtieth: sixtcogoj>a .Sbtyfold: sixtigfeald 03.03.03.04.25 Seventy: hundscofontig, scofontig .Seventieth: hundscofontigoj>a .Seventyfold: hundseofontigfeald .Seventy-seven: bundscofontigscofon°S .Seventy-seven fold: hundscofontigscofonfeald 03.03.03.04.26 Eipty: eahtatig, hundeahtig .Eipty (~): bundeahtig .Eiptieth: hundeahtatigoj>a0 03.03.03.04.27 Ninety: hundnigontig, nigontig .Ninetieth: hundnigonteoj>a, nigonteoJ>aS 03.03.03.04.28 Hundred: hund, hundfealdgctel, hunclraP, hundred, hundteontig .Hundred (~): hund, hundteontig .Hundredth: hundtlontigoJ>a .Hundredfold: hundfeald, hundfealdlic0 S, hundtlontigfeald(lic), hundwclle0 S .Hundredfold: be hundfealdum, hundteontigfealde 03.03.03.04.28.01 One hundred and tm: hundendlcftig .One hundred and tenth: hundzllcftigoj>a0 03.03.03.04.28.02 One hundred and twenty: hundtwclftig, hundtwcntig 03.03.03.04.29 Three hundred: J>reohund, J>reohundred° 03.03.03.04.30 Five hundred: fifhund, fifhundrcd0 03.03.03.04.31 Sb: hundred: sicxhund, sicxhundrcd 03.03.03.04.32 Tbousaad: J>ilscnd, J>ilscndfealdgctel, J>ilscndgcte1° .Computation by tbiJasancls: J>ilscndgcrim0 P 160

03.03.04.01.01 Greatness, bigness, sii.e .A thousand eeda: l>Ose~le .Tbousand (-.j): l>iisend .Tbousaadfold: )>iisendfeald, )>Usendlic .In tbousaads: l>iisendnutlum

03.03.03.04.33 Twelve hundred: twelfbund, twelfbundred0 03.03.04 Quantity: andefn .Amount, content: gewyrt>e 03.03.04.01 Much: mice! .No 11111all amount, much: unlyt°P, unlytel •Very much, a great amount: mltst .A peat deal, abundance, multitude: d&I, fulsumnesog, manigfealdnes, manigfealdsumnes°', micelnes, weamP, worn .Many, much: fela .(Of quantity) much: mice! ..Just as much: efenmicel -(Of quantity, number) not litdt!lfew, much: unlytel .(Of quantity) good, generous: gOd •Very: bitre, forwel, full, tela, wel - Very much, exceedingly: swI}>e -Very much, greatly: ealfelaP, fela, forhearde, forj>earle, micclum, micel, micles, neodlice, swi]>e, trumlice ..Not a little: ne lythwon .To abound, become much: (ge)manigfealdan .To make abund•nt, accumulate: gooian, gemanigfealdian .To accnmulate, get large amount of: (ge)heapian 03.03.04.01.01 Greatnc:s.., bi~ size: micelnes, micelu .Greatness, bigness: grCatnes, gryto0 .Fatness, bulkiness: fztnes Something huge, a very peat mass: ormzte .Large, big, broad: brid, mice!, wid -Large, capacious, ample: sid -(Of a ship) ample, with a large bold: wfdfz)>meP .Massive, bulky, huge: great .(Of thinp) plump, lull-bodied, substantial: fen .Considerable: gehycglic0 , ungehwltde0 .Not Uttle, peat: unlytel .Very peat, aceedingly peat: swijllic 161

03.03.04.01.02 A great number, multitude .Huge, Immen-~ enonnoas: cacencra:ftigP, ~tc. ornu!tlic, ungeR>g, ungeR>glic, unml!tc, unml!tlic, ungemet, iil>ml!tc0 .Giant, gipntk:: entisc0 P, eotcniscP .Of varying mes: mismicel See 05.10.01Amplitude05. 10.05.02.02 Extension

03.03.04.01.02 A peat number, multitude: felafealdnes, (ge)samnung, getalscipeoS .A crowd, multitude, number: gemang, swearm .Great numben, lots, hoses: ln'Yl>u .A peater number, more of kind spulfWI: mi .Many, m•ny a: manig -Very m•ny: for(e)manig ..Not a smaller number than: ni li:s )>onne ..Just so many, as many: efenfela .Manifold, many, numerous: felafeald, manigfeald, manigfealdlic ..Numerous, m•ny: gelomlic, recondlic0 B, getselful0 B, welmanig .Thick, dense, closely packed toaetber: J>icce ..Swarming with: acreowed° .Numerously, abunclandy: manigfealde, manigfealdlice .Tbicldy, In gaeat numbers: J>icce, J>iclice .To swarm, exist In large numbers: icrCopianq, iweallan, weallan .To multiply, become more numerous: manigfealdian/manigfildan .To teem, be produced In abundance: (ge)J>Con .To crowd toaether, throng: J>iccian .To throng, crowd, press upon: ofl>ringan .To crowd (a place): genierwan 03.03.04.01.02.01 A beap, maa, 'ICCQmulation: bultq, coccq, diisq, fin, gegaderung, heap, heapung, hord, h9pel, gesamnung, stilcq .A string of thinp: gerifB .A collection, gathering: gegaderung .A bundle, sbeaf: bundoS, sceaf, wntd -A bundle/bouquet of herbs: sc!af -A bundle, tuft: sengelq -A small bundle, bunch: cynce0 .A handful: gilm, gripa, handful -Of stones: stingripe0 P .A band, company, collection: heap, getsel, gel>r&c -A band, company, lock: drif, worn, wn!d 162

03.03.04.02 A sufficiency, sufficient supply

.Into bandies, into sheaves: ~Jum0 .In a body, in a company: on he&pe .In companies, herds, baNls, etc.: ft~lum, swec>tumP, ~Jum0& .In heaps, in troops: h&ipum .In troops/companies/crowds: heapdlum, w~Jum &, ~lumoS .To bringfcoUect together, ptber up: (ge)gadrian, lesan, gel6gian, gesamodl~can°&, t6 somnian, t6getfon .To bring together, heap up: (ge)heapian, (ge)samnian, ge~icfyldan°& .To heap on: behypan (on) 0

See 12.04ff Fellowship 03.03.04.01.03 An lmmeme quantity, immensity, immmse number: ungemet .An Immense quantity: ungerim .Excea, immensity: onn~tnes .Vastness, excesnveness, peahM"n: unmetnes .An incalculable number or amount: un(ge)rim ..No count, an infinity: nin nm .Excellldve, peat, lmmmw: o~te. o~tlic, orne, unm~te. un(ge)dtlic, ungesc!ad .Utter, excesnve: t>earl .Vast, immenee, very peat: ofemutte, ofemuttlic, ungemetlic .Vast, boundless, immense: grundlwlic0 , unlmeten, ungrundP .Boundless, lmatiable: grundlw .lnftnlte, very great: ungeendod .Infinite, boundless: unirimendlic, ungedillic0 , ungeendodlic .Unmeasured: ungemedemad0 P .Immeasurable, Immense: ungedte ..Excessive, beyond measure: ofemutte, ungewenedlic0 .Without number, coundess: ofer elc gerim .Coandess, innumerable, untold: uniirimed, unirime(n)dlic, unilalodlic0 &, uniteald0 , unitellendlic, u~te, un(ge)rim, unrime, ungerimed0 , un(ge)rimedlic, ungerimlic0 , unteald0 , ungeteJ0 & .Immensely, hugely: orml!te .Excessively, immensely: o~tlice .Beyond measure, excessively: ofer gemet, oferswiPe .Immensely, immeasmably: ungedte 03.03.04.02 A suftidency, sutllcient supply: (ge)nyhtsumnes .Suflldeacy,rightamount: gemet,genyht 163

03.03.04.02.01 Abundance ..SOme, a deal/lot/portion: ~I .Plenty, enough, an ample supply: genCah, genog, genyhtswnnes Meeting the case, suftident: gemetlic .Sufticieot, ample: fulhealden°g, ginneP, goo, genog, riim .Softicieody: genog, genyhtsumlrce .Abundandy,sufticiendy:geneahhc .To be sufticient, to suflice: lician, (ge)nog beon/wesan, (ge)nyhtsumian, wet lician .Not to be imuflicient, to last: gelitstan •To be suftident for, support: iicuman .To satisfy: gefyllan .To have enough: habban genog 03.03.04.02.01 Ablllldance: cystignes, forwana. fyll(u), genyhtsumung0 g, riimgifulnes, riimnes, gesundfulnes .Abundance, plenty, opulence: genyht, sped, wela -Glorious wealth/abundance: wuldorsped°P .Plentiful, abundant: brid, fittt, full, genyhtfulg, (ge)nybtsum, (ge)nyhtsumiende, rife, riimgiful, riimlic, riimmOd, spedig, gel>uhtsum0 , weallende -With &b: fiscwylle -With birds: fugelwylle0 .Not ronning short: unscortende', unget!orod .Making rich, enriching: weligstedende0 8 .Gold-abounding: goldhwet°P .Abundandy: be fullan, be fullum ~ingum, fullice, genog, genyhtliceS, genyhtsumlice, riime, spedum -Thickly, lmuriandy: ~icce .Has abundance of: genCah .To be abundant, abound: iiweallan, ftowan, genogian°g, (ge)nyhtsumian, weallan, weligian .To provide abnnd•ndy: ifyllan, (ge)fyllan .To make rich/abundant: (ge)weligian 03.03.04.02.02 Exce1B: ofennicelnesog, swi)>licnes0 g, ungelog .Excas, immodention: ungemet .SOmetbing in excess, an overplas: eaca .Extravagance: ungemetnes0 g .Immoderate, exec rlive: ungemetfest .Out of due proportion, excasive: uogemetgod 164

03.03.04.03 Growth, increase

.OYamacb, a:a1dve: ofermicel .Esce mve, lnordiaate, violent: ungemetlic .Grown to a:c:ess, OV~llCl'OWD: forgrowen°P .Exaaively, very: firenum, heardlice, mid ungemete, oferlice, ungefOge, ungemet, ungemete/-es/-um, ungemetlice .Exce11lvely, lmmodentely: ~te. omiZtlice, swi}>e, to, ungefOglice, ungemetlice, ungesundlice0 .Umasonably, a:cenlvely: ungesc.Qdlice See 12.08.07 Immoderation

03.03.04.02.02.01 Sape1 abundance, a:cess: oferflewednesog. oferflowe(n)dnes, ofering .Saperftulty: oferflowedlicnesog. oferflownes .Saperftuous: oferflowend, oferflowe(n)dlic, unnyt .Saperftuously: oferflowendlrce .To saperaboancl: ofergenihtsumian°' .To overflow, p•• all boandl: oferflowan .To be filled, to oveaftuw with: yi>(g)ian (mid) 03.03.04.03 Growth, Increase: onwzstm, sprytting, gel>angq, toecnes0 , westm, weaxnes, weaxung .Angnnntatioa, growth: sidung° .An Increase, addition: et~°'. etYcnes, !aca, eacnung, gefyllnes, mi, oferCaca., toetycnes0 , toecnes0 , togeihtnes0 , J>Coging .Otber persons/thinp in additioa: !aca, ma .One who increases: icend&, icestre0 .Incnased, anpnented: eacen ..Augmented: migcectB .Added, additional: togeiht .More: ma .That will be Increased: eacniendlicS .Yet, besides, u well, also: samod.1>erto, 1>onne .Allo, likewise, moreover: eac, eac swi, to eacan .SO also, moreover: eac swylce, swylce eac .Even, also, moreover: efne .Moreover: feorr .Apin, moreover: eft, eft sana .Yet further, yet •pin: giet, gieta, l>i giet .Further: fw1>or, gen, gena .More, fa.rtber: mi, swi)>or

165

03.03.04.04 Littleness, smallness

eac mire to, efen wel, elcor, ellcs, h& t6 eacan. to, to cac, )>ttrbufan, ~&r to eacan, ufan on ~et, ufenan

.Besides:

..Besides, still, yet: giet(a), nu gict, !>i giet, J:>onnc giet .Besides, ID adcUtion to: bfltan, eac .Above, baides: ufcnan .Besides (cJ): butan ~im ~ .And so on: and swi fort>

.To grow,lncn:ase, wu: eacian, eacnian, forj>wcaxan, growan, (ge)J>Con, (ge)wcaxan MTo become peat, inae•se, mount up: etftowang, irisan, istigan, miclian -Rapidly: hleapan .To swell (up): t0swellan, to~indan, ~rintan°P, iipstigan, iip~yddan° .To 8ourisb, become peat: grytan°g MTo develop, o:ceed: (ge)J>Con .To increase, add to, enlarge: etjcan, eacan, (ge)bcnian, (ge)iecan, gemirian°g, (ge)miclian, t6eteacnian°, tO&tjcan, tO(ge)iecan .To increase in qwmtity,multiply,mlarge: (ge)manigfealdan/(ge)manigfildan .To increase, augment, make peater: dipan .To add: (ge)iccan. gemanigfealdan, underiecan°g, undeJ1>Codan MTo add to: (ge)eacnian to, ot>Ccanog, to don To add, append: gecnyttan .To put to: tobesettanog, tO(ge)settan .To apply (one thl111 to another): tontcan, ~accian, gel>Codan See 02.07.01 Grow; 05.01 Growth M

03.03.04.04 Littleness, smallness: gehw&dncsg, lytelncs0 .Little, a small amount: hwethwugu, hwega, hwon, hwugudZl 0 , lyt, lytel, lythwon, mcdmicel, tohwega .A particle, anall piece, jot: com, egl, grot, lyttuc0 g, mot, prica, pricele, spots, wloh .(Of amount) small, little: hwede, lytel, medeme, sma:I, unginne0 P, unmicel ..Little, small, slipt: bwonlic, ie~lic, m&te, medemlic, medmicel .Very little: forlyiel, lytel Ml.east: lest .somewhat, a little: ethwira, ethwega, be sumum dele, hwethwira, hwethwugu, hwethwugununges, hwene, hwon, sumdZI, swne dele, sumcs, sum on dele, tohwega 166

03.03.04.06 Diminution .8Ugbdy, Utde: hwethwugu, hw6n, hw6nlfce, leohtlfce, lft, lyiel, lythw6n,

19t1e, 19t1um, medemlfce See 05.10.02 Narrowness; 05.10.05.02.03 Reduction 03.03.G4.G4.01 Paucity, fewuc11, ICU'dty: f!anes, (ge)fCawnes .Feww:11 of nnmben: gehwltdnesg .(A) few (of), a small number (of): t&, fCawa, hw6n, 1Ytel .Few: lyt, lythw6n .Few (aj): fCawlicoS, ljt ..Not many, few: unmanig ..Few, rare, few and far between: selden°' ..Small in number, baviq few memben: lYtel -1.ftl in number: lltssa 03.Gl.04.05 INollldwcy, '8ck, want: ljtlung, onsien, ungenyhtsumnes, wan(a) ..,CM:antlneal of material, ICIU'dty: gn!ai>nes .A l11ek, want, defect: wanung -1 ·ack of women: wifteast° .Falling, falHn1 short, shortfall: lspringungs .(Of things) scanty,ICal'Ce, meeve: gn~gnJl>e, hungerlictl, hungrig, t>earfendlic .Wanting, not complete, deftdent: wana J>eAdent in, poor In, wanting: w~a ..Not possessing, destitute or clnokl of: idel -Empty-banded: gelltr .Unfilled, ansatJsfkd: idel, idelhende .Unsatisfted, ansatiated: unlseddg -lllilllllftdently, too Uttle. not mooch: t6 lyt .To be in want of, lack: wzdlian .To be wanting: iteorian, gewanian .To ran short, ran out, fall: Ascortian, (ge)scortian, gescyrtan, trucian .To '8ck, fall, fall short of: wana beon/wesan

See 06.02.04.01 Need; 10.02 Lack 03.03.04.06 Dimbmtion: (ge)lytlung, wanung .A dec1 c•w: wanung .J 411, a nn•ller amount: Jes, lltssa .Lela (aj):· l~ssa .8bortmed, cut off: gecyrted

167

03.03.05 Extent. degree

.To become las, dec1ce1t1 (ge)lYtlian. wanian •To diminish, le rscn, mah aaeller: lhlitnsian, ij>wenan°, iwanian, gelYtlian. (ge)minsian, (ge)wanian, wansian See 05.09.04 Abalement 03.03.05 Esteat, de&• ee: .To a certain atmt, to 110111e extmt: bealfunga .To (such) a depee (as): swi foci> swi. o)>

•To this extent, thus: )>us .To that extent: be )>em dl!le, t6 )>es ()>et), tO )>on, tO )>y ()>et) .To a gaeater depeelextmt: furt>or, mi .To a gaeater depee than, abo•e: on ufan. on uppan, tOforan ..O.er and above: furt>or .More (in degaeelextmt/quantity): mi. wide ..More, rather: ml ..More and more: ml and mi. widor ..The more: )>on ml. l>Y hral>r, l>Y ml ..By how much more: )>im mycle ml ..(Any) more than: )>C mi )>e, )>on mi )>e .Most: hiiru swi']>ost ..Most of all: )>C swQ>ost micle ..At most: be (J>im) ml!stan

.In/to a high degree, exbcmely, peady: h&lrce .Excerdlagly, peady: beanie, micellice, micles, stundum, swi)>e, swiplice, syndorlice, )>earle, ungescead See 03.06.03.03 Proportion 03.03.05.01 R•nk, position, dqpee; ir, endebyrdoes, grid. leodge)>inc)>0 ,

suepe, (ge))>ync)>o .(Marking nmk/degree) under: under .To amp to dea/category, daa, grade: (ge)tellan •To fall to, be la d to: befeallan on, gelimpan

See 12.01.01.06.01 Rank 03.03.05.01.01 Priadpel/chicf (of Us dus or type): ealdor, ealdorlic,

frymJ>lic .Pre-eminent: ealdordOmlic .Greater, superior: furJml .First: forl>mest

.Best (aj): betst 168

03.03.06 Wholeness

.In the front nnlt: foran .Best, most (av): bet.st .Better (av): betera, innor .Superior to: toforan .Cblefty, espedally: hOru, ldst ..Principally: ealdorlfce .Particularly, especially: hlalfce, ldstlicost"', onsundran, syndorlice, syndriglice .(Figurative) to tower above: fort> hlifian fore .To surpass, excel: oferhlifian, oferstigan See 11.07.04 Superiority; 12.01.01.06.02/f. Superior rank.

03.03.05.01.02 Of middle nnlt, in the middle: medeme, medemlic •To a mlddlln1 dep'ee, moderately: medemJrce, midlunga See 12.01.01.06.03 Middle rank 03.03.05.01.03 Inferior: niJ>era, ni)>erlic, ytera .Small, little, poor: lytel, medeme, minlic°'' waclic .lulerior, poorer: ldtre .In an inferior position: ni)>er .M•n, poor, paltry: uncymc, wac, wiclic, gewealden .Lowest, last: latst, nitJemest, Ytmest •Worse: sitmra, wiers .Wont: sltmest, wierst .Poorly, meanly, cbaply: wactrce .To diminish, leum (quality,degree, etc.): (ge)lytlian .To become poor/mean: wiciin See 11.08/f. Useless; 12.01.01.06.04 lnferiority

03.03.06 Wbolmea: ansundnes, hilnes, onwealhnes, gesynto .Completeness, perfectloa: fullfremednes .Full development, full capacity: fullJ>ungennes0 .Completion, complement: fylling .A samltotal of abmad units: (ge)tzl .Whole, entire: ansund, eall, (ge)hil, onwealg -fndestnlctible, unbreakable: unbJ&ceP, untoworpenlic°' -Unbroken, intact: ungebrocen°', unbryceP. unfored, unforedlic', unforfeorcd°', unscended, untObrocen .Unspotted, uninjured: un(ge)wemmed -Untorn, unbUund: unsliten°', untasliten, untaslopenq. ungewyrded0 P 169

03.03.06.01 A whole formed by joining ..Umh.ettend, not beaten to pleca: unt0slegen° .Capable of completion: gefyllendlic .Perfect, complete, finished: zlt&we, full, gcaro .Full-grown, complete, perfect: fullJ>ungen .Thoroughly, completely: swtpc, tela, wel ..Too much, too thoroughly: to wel .Fully, In full: be fullan, fzstlrcc, fulgcarc, fullunga, swl}x>st .Completely, to the full extent: fullfrcmcdlrcc .Completely (not partially): fullrce, iltlrcc ..More completely: iittor .In full, without contraction: riimc, riimlicc .Thoroughly: deopc, deoplfcc, fullfcc, inweardlrcc, J>urh ilt, J>urh iitlicc ..Thoroughly, exceedingly: forinlice0 ..Exceedingly, very tborougbly: forinweardlicc0 .Utterly: forswi}>c .To a greater degree/extent, more thoroughly: furPor .SO as to leave nothing, entirely: chtne, cll!nlicc ..To the dregs, completely, to dryness: to drygum .Perfectly, thoroughly, totally: zlt&wlice, full medomlicc, gcarwe, grundinga0 , grundlinga .Fully, without exception: endemes, fullicc .'.fo form, make up, complete: (ge)settan .To make complete: (ge)fyllan See 03.03.06.02 Fullness

03.03.06.01 A whole formed by Joining: gegaderung .A union of pans: gemltnscipc, samwn!dnes0 .A joining together to form a whole: gegaderung .Joining, rousbuctlon, fastening together: cimbing8, gcfCg, (ge)fCging, (ge)span .A joining, joint, juncture: gef'Og, gesamnung, seam, (gc)l>Codnes ..A proper joining/joint: rihtgef!g° .Joined: lcnyht0 S, gefCged, loccn, ge~ne ..Fut joined together, yoked: fzst, gcgeocod, gciht, samodfzst°P ..Cunningly bound: searobundcn°P, searos&led0 P .(Marking association/combination) together: toged(c}re, wil> .(Marking comblnatioo/colnddence) together: endcmes .(Marking association/comparison) together: etgzdcrc, etgederum0 , etsamne, gegadere, geadorP, mid, ongeador 0 P, samens, samod, tOsomne 170

03.03.06.01.01 Mixing, mingling, preparation

.Top••wr, anitedly, la a body: samodlice0 .All together, both toptber: mid ealle, mid eallum, samod aetgedere .Topther, as one: samlice0 .To unite so as to form a wbole: gemengan .To unite, draw together: (ge)gadrian, (ge)samnian •To joia toaether: gelerlitcan, (ge)l>Codan •To joia together, aaodate, unite: Megan', (ge)f!gan, (ge)gadrian, gelOgian, (ge)~nsumian, gcsamnian, geteon, (ge)~ ..To unite oneself to, joia with: gettnan° •To joia, connect, combine, put togetber: (ge)mengan, teofenianP. (ge)tiegan, tOget>Codan, (ge)wnpan ..To IDcorporate, insert iato: gel>Codan in •To joia, attach, unite to: betcgan°, bel>Codan°, (ge)faestnian, gefCgan, (ge)f!rll!can, gehaeftan, lecgan to ~an. gemengan, tOcnyccan°' ..To joia with joiats/dips: gefangian°, (ge)spannan .To glue toaether: beliman°', geliman ..To cohere, joia, unite: hlecan° .To bind/draw toaether: (ge)bindan, gewrfl>an .To pow/knit togetber: gegrOwan .Alon&ftoaether with: fort> mid, inne mid, mid, samod mid .In attendance on: ymb(e) .(Of mutual relatiom) between: betweoh, betweonan, betwux .Both ••• and: tlghwaet>er(ge) ... ge, l!gl>er ... and .And, along with: mid See 05.05.03Binding; 12.04 Fellowship; 17.03.10 Fastenings 03.03.06.01.01 Midn1, mingling, prepantioa: gemang(en)nes' .Mlagling f.olether, mixing, mixture: gemengednes .A mhcture: (ge)blandP, gemang, mengung' ..A blood mixture: blOdgemang°I .Mhed, not simple: gemenged .Mhed, mingled f.olether: gemengedlic', gerunnen tOgedere '.Mingled, infected with: onblanden°P

.Confusedly: gemengedlicel .To mix, intermingle: (ge)blandan, (ge)blendan, fonnengan°, (ge)mengan (mid), gemengan tO, (ge)mengan wil> .To stir f.oletber, mix up: (ge)hreran, gelJweran .To mix (la due proportion), prepare: gemetgian, miscian, temprian ..To compound a draqbt: gesettan morgendreoc .To pt mingled, run toptNr: gerinnan 171

03.03.06.02 Fullness

03.03.06.02 Fnllnc•: fullnes, (gc)fyllnes .Fullness, plenitude: (gc)fyllednes .Act of filling (vessel, etc.): fylling ..Act or filling butts: byttfylling° ..Act or filling a bottle: cyllfylling° .A fill, full supply (of food, etc.): fyll(u) .Full (of), filled (with): fut .In full, full: fullic .Heaped up, loaded: gchladcn .Brimful: brerdful0 .Crammed full: fullgcdrifcn° .Overfull: fullic, oferfull .Distended/filled (with food): ll>egcn8 .Entirely, altogether: be callum, calle, callunga, lungre, mid calle, mid call um, onwcalglice0 , samod .Entirely, fully, altogether: inunga. call ..Absolutely, entirely: forl>earlfce .(With numeral) in all, altogether: calles, calra .Quite, altogether: zghwzs, calles, fzste, wclhwzsP .Just, quite: efne, cfnes ..AU, entirely, quite: call, gcneahhc, gcnog .To fill, fill up: ifyllan, befyllanq, gccndian, (ge)full(i)an, (gc)fyllan, gcinnian .To cram, stufl': icrammian°8, icrimman8, (gc)crammian, (gc)crimman MTo stuff full below: undcrcrammian° .To load, furnish ab11ndantly: (gc)hladan .To become full, fill up: fullian .To overftow: ofcrflowan 03.03.06.03 Unity/oneness: infcaldnes, innes, untOO&lednes .Indivisible, Pmeparable, inextricable: unisundrodlic8, untd&l(ed)lic, untooelendlic .Undivided, not separated: untOtwzmcd, untwifcald .Simple, not resolvable into components: infcald, uniscyrod0 g, undZled, untOO&led .Simple, unml:sed: infcald MUnmixed: unblondcn°8, ungcmcnged0 , unmenged .Made one, united: gcined0 ,Indivisibly, inseparably: untOdZledlice •To unite, make one: (gc)inlzcan 172

03.03.07.01 Division, partition, separation 03.G3.07 A put, diYisioa, portion:

~I.

fa:t. part, gedad, t6dil,

t~ledncs, t~lnes

.Part (of a whole): sum ..A piece cut off: ofcyrf ...A slice: snid°I ...A sbnd, sbaYID&: gesceaf, sceaf(o)pa, scread(e )8, screadung&, sp0n -With sap: sa:pspan° -aippinp: hnygelani, get>wit° ...A fragment, piece, bit: (ge)broc:, gebrot, (ge)bryce, (ge)brytsen -Of land/water: crymelq -OI doth: clilt -OI stone: ft6hoS, sdnsticceoS ...A morsel, bit: slotaoS, stycce ...A crust/rind: rind(e) ..A layer, stratum: ft&ing .Divided, separated Into parts: t~led ..Dhided, cut up: t6hrfcod' ..Divided into four parts: fet>orbyrste0 , fiJ>ert~ledq ..Unapportioaed: untf>d21ed .SOmewbat, partially: 'sum ~I ..Partly: be sumum e twim .Step by step: enge trym, mbdlum, sta:p~lum .To pieces, to bits: stycce~lum 0

See 04.06.02.04 Refuse: 17.02.04.03.02 Filings 03.03.07.01 Division, partition, separadon: isyndrung°i, gedil, tOdil, tf>sc&d, tf>sc&dedncs0 • tf>slilping°', t6wcsnes, tweming, twislung ,Separadon, break of connection: t~lednes .,Separadon, cutting off: scelleq .One who divides or separates: tOsc!adend .8epanted, detached: gesyndrod 173

03.03.07.02 What is left, remnant. remains .Bepante, dlljoined: ungelJ&>dop .Asunder, apart: sundor MReckoned apart, not reckoned with others: sunderboren°S .Bepante, alone, not joined with others: syndrig .8eparate, quite apart: a:lsyndrig°S

.That sepantes: betweohgangende8 .Divisible, sepanble: lOdl!lendlic J>etacbable: sciriendlicoS .Apart, separately: g~lcdlkeoS, twemendlice' .Bepantely, not in connaioa: onsundran, lOdl!ledlice .Bepantely, sevenlly: gescladenlrce0 S, sundorlfce, sundorlipesS .To separate, divide: iscilianS, isyndr(i)an, At>Codan. (gc)dl!lan, (ge)scf.adan, lOdon, lolysan, loscCadan, lOscirians, loscylian/loscyllan, losettan, losundrianoS, lolw~man. (ge)lwl!man, lwt"lerlkan°S, (gc)J>Codan fram •To 1epante, part from, detach: iliJ>ian, besc!adan, bescieran, (ge~Ian, (ge)niman, (ge)scirian, l0d2:lan •To divide, separate into parts: (gc)d&lan, ldl!lan .To separate, sunder, cut off from: Wlan, ilOcan, Asyndr(i)an, bcsnyJ>J>anP .To prevent the joining of, part: (gc)lwl!man .To part, set apart, separate from: ificrran, Ascirian •To sunder, sepante, keep apart: (gc)syndrian MTo drive asunder, sepante: lOdrifan .To separate off, take out: scylian (of) •To separate lbelf into parta, spllt ap: gedelan, login See 03.04.0J Singularity; 05.06.02 ff Cleaving 03.03.07.02 Wbat Is left, remnant, nmalm: lif .An overplas, surplus, the rest: ofereaca .Other, the rest, remainder: oJ>cr .Other, remaining from the whole: ot>cr .As a remainder, remalnlna: lo life

.Unobausted: unihladcnoS .Not enHd, not blotted oat: undilcgod° •To leave, not UR/take, etc.: isparian°, (gc)lefan .To leave after sabtradioa: tefan .To leave over, not use up: oferhtfan .To remain, be left: gcJ>olian, (ge)wunian .To be left over: ofcrtefan •To 1 em.ain, survive: bell!fan, bellfan .To leave, be survived by: bell!fan 174

03.04.01 Singularity, peculiarity 03.03.cJI Empdncrr: emugnes. Jdelnes. lemes .Empty: emettig, hJancP, Tdel, geler, w~ ..Empty of: emettig (fram), gesne, l!as, n!pq, tOm, w&te ..Emptied oat: imeallod4 •To m•ke empty: (ge)emtian, beaian°P, onrdlian°& -To deprive of, empty of: ll'dl(i)an .To bo'bec:ome empty: (ge)Tdlian, r0mian° .Witboat: biitan, foriltan, wil>Utan 03.o4 Form, kind, aatare, dw• IK:ter: hiw .Quilty, nature: (ge)hwilcnes .A DUJDberld•n of objects: (ge)rfm .A kind, genus, 10rt: (ge)cynd, ende, hid, getzl ..A nee, kind, apeder: (ge)cynd, cynn, cynren, hrw, ldgwlite, J>Cod ..sa: bid •Tbe like, suda: swilc ..8ocb, suda a: )>yllic, )>ys(ge)lic .Whoever, whatever, whicbever: 16c(a) hwl, l6c(a) hwylce .Such, of such kind: swl gerld _Of this kind: )>us gerld -Of what kind: hO gertd ..8acb ••• u: swilc . .. swilc .or every kind: gehwilc .Whatever, wboeoever: swl hwaet (swl), swl hwl (swl), swl hwilc swi .or what sort, wbo, what: hiilic, gehwilc .Whatever: aethwega .To number/include In ad••: (ge)tellan -To d•• with: (ge)tellan to .To fall to, beloas to, be M'i11wt to: befeallan, (ge)limpan See 05.10.06 Form, shape 03.04.01 Sinplarity,pec11Harity: synderlicnes .One: sum .I: ic .self: self .(My, etc.) part: ~· .One, sole, slnale, unique: in, incyn', Inga .Only, sole, slnale: enga. enig, enlic, inlic, lnllepig, lnlrpe .Sln&le, distinct from otben, lncllvldaal: inlrepig, lnlrpe -One (nferrina to previous DOUD): In 17S

03.04.02 A diversity .Special, pecaliar, singular: inlipe, sundorlic, syndcrlipe8, syndrig, syndriglic .Peculiar, own, proper: lgen, in .Uniform, of one form: infeald, inhiwe' •Without addition/additives, simple: infeald .8ome, (a) certain: gehwilc, swnhwilc .Certain (thina), some: gewiss .Each severally: inliepig, syndrig .A, an: in .One apiece, one each: syndrig .separate, quite apart: aelsyndrig°I .E:sempt from, not sbariag in: aelfremcd fram, l!mettig (fram), unmli:ne .Only, alone: znlice .Uniquely: itngancundes0 P .Singly, one by one: incwnmwn&, inlipum, sundonru!lumg .Singly, onefold: be infealdum ..Simply, without connuion with another. infealdlice .By himself, etc.: mid him selfum, self .Partkularly: eallcs, ealra .Just, only, no other than: efne, syndorlice .None but, only: ina, for in, nemne .Not only ••• but also: ni l>aet in l>aet ... ac eac swy lee .Uniformly: inntdlice .E:scept: foriitan, wi)>Utan .E:scept, unless: (ge)nemne, nymlJe .To e:scept, leave oat: forl~tan. of ldOn, ill isundr(i)an .To e:sclude: ill llilcan .E:scept: biltan ..E:scept, unless: nemne See 07.10.03.01 Unadorned; 09.03.04.03 Plain; 12.04.04 Solitude

03.04.02 A diversity: tlgung .Complexity: manigfealdnes .Belonging to one or other of two kinds: twifeald .Manifold, of many kinds: maenibntde0 S, manigfeald, manigfealdlic, manighCowlic0 g, seldcill> .Complex, complicated: manigfeald .Multiform: ma:nihiwe0 , l>iisendhiwe0 g ..HaYina four forms: filJerhiweoS 176

03.04.03.01 Someone/something .In a complicated manMr. manigfealdlice See 03.06.02.01 Contrariety

03.04.03 GeaenlltJ: gmUCnelicnes .One, people, they: man .For everybody, aenenJJy a...U.ble: open .Onlinary, common: gewunelic .Of the people, common, general: folclic .Jn aenenJ, without exception: in gemennesse, gmUCnelice .Genenlly, DPU1Dy: oferheafod0 , gewunelrce .Commonly, valprly,popalarty: ceorllice 03.04.03.01 Someoaelsomethlna: hwi, hwitchweneK, nlthwi, nithwilc, sum Some oaefthhaa, ...,. oaeftblng: ehwzt>ec. hwilc, hwilchwugu .some one, uy one: enig mann .Anyone: ihwl .Any one, uy thlna: enig, gehwl .Anything: ihwzt .E..+, mcb one: egbwilc in, eJc in, inra gehwitc .E..+ of two: ltghwzt>ec, (ge)hwzJ>er .FAch, everyone: zghwzt>er. zghwilc, zthwl .Fri, every (thing/one): itghwitc in, etc, etc in, itlchwega, in hwi, in gehwilc, gehwi, gebwttmlic°I, gebwilc .Everyone: cghwi, wel hwl .Eve11thlng: egbwct, etc wiht, we) hwa:t Some: samhwilc .some, certain, uy: sum .Any: clc (in) .Nearly every (tblnsfone): mest etc, (ge)welhwilc .Every: erre etc .AD, every, etc.: eall .Jn uy mpc:d: be iwihte .Jn uy case: lhwer, lhwergen, hilru .Jn evca1 respec-., In every way: itghwl!r, eghwanon, itgbwilces, etces J>inges, zlce J>inga, in eallum J>ingum, J>ulb etc J>ing .Jn net) case~ &ghwltr, gehwzt>ec .Jn every particular: fynnest .Univenally: eall efne See 05 Anything

177

03.0S Order, arrangement, disposition 03.05 Order, arranpment, dlspo.ttioa: diht, endebyrd, endebyrdnes,

gclogungl, onsuel .Order, disposition, metbocl; gesdad, gcwuna .Rlpt order: rihtcndcbyrdnes° .Ordered coune (of events): gcsc:eaft, gcsceap .Ordered, IU'l'IUlled: gcfadod -Well·IU'l'IUlled, well-onlaed: gcrid, gentde -Orderly, harmonious: gcbyrdlic .That may be laid in order: gclogcndlicog .In an orderly manner: (gc)byrdclTcc, gcdr&>glTcc, cndcbyrdcs, (gc)cndcbyrdlicc, gcfedlicc, gcmctlfcc, gcreclicc .In a skewed/disordered m•nner: pweorlicc .To IU'l'IUlle. put in order: gcdr&>glkan, fuldon, (gc)glcngan, gcrecenian, gcscttan .To IU'l'IUlle. dispoee, put in order: (gc)cndcbyrd(i)an, (gc)fadian, (ge)logian, tOdihtnian', t0stihl(i)an' .To usip to its proper place: (gc)cndcbyrd(i)an, (gc)lecgan on, (gc)scttan .To dfspo'e/set thlnp apart: tOsc&dan, toscttan .To IU'l'IUlle •mha, order wrongly: miscndcbyrdan° 03.05.01 Arnmging, ordering, disposition: (gc)fadung, gcsceapcnncs,

(gc)st$>lung .Regulation, ordering, managanent: cndcbyrdnes, gcmetgung

.Direction,ordering:tJcnung .Ordering, disposition, repladon: (gc)dihtnung, dihtung .To arrange, set right, put in order: (gc)rihtan, (gc)sidian .To make flt, order, regulate: gcmcdcmian .To setde (what is disturbed/disordered): (gc)logian .To order, regulate, dispose: (gc)fadian .To manage properly, regulate, order, dispose: (gc)mctgian .To keep in proper order, direct/regulate: gchcaldan, (gc)reccan .To order, regulate, arrange, direct: (gc)dihtnian .To make firm, establub, regulate: gcst$>lian .To regulate (the sb:e of): bcsidian .To regulate (a measure, weight, etc.): gesciftan 03.05.02 An llJTIUtlmleDt, order, succemion: cndebyrdnes, gcuelrim0 P ,

t0cndcbyrdnes0 .A place in a aeries: stow .A series of objects in a line, a line, row: lfnc, ntw 178

03.06 Comparison .Condaaoas, consuudTe: samodgang .Next: OJ>er .Latter: efterra ,I alt: endenlhst .In 1UCU1slon, in order: endebyrdlice, on ntwe ..In a row: on (ge)n!we .To arrange in line: gerlwan

See 05.J1.07ff Relative time

03.05.03 A list, tal~ series: talu .Enumeration, catalogue.: wordsomnere0 g .A written llst/catalope: gewrit .A list in tabular form: rcgol •To list, enumerate, describe in suecealoa: itellan, (ge)rfman .To coant, indade amoaa: midgetellanog 03.06 Compuboa: efenncsg, wi)>metenncs, wi)>metingg, wi)>gemetnes0 .la comparison with: tOglancs •Than: )>e, )>onne .SO, the, to express propordoa: )>lies .The, any (plus comparadve): l>Y .Ever, in the world: ltfre, on woruld .Just, exactly: hand .About, approdmately: lbiltan, hilhwega (swi), hwega, sum, swilce, ymb ..At least, about: hilru ..Almost, nearly: ethw0n°', ettihte, fomlah, fuln~. hwethwega, lytes(t)ne, mat call, olah, nlalice -Only just: unla)>e .Even a llttl~ at .U: Ra ..At .U, by any means: iwiht, tO ihte ..At .U, to any exteut: be ltnigum dltle .Relatively: cdlesendlice _(Not) at all: ne hwame

-.Any at .U: l!fre l!nig ..By no means, not at all: lythwon, mid ninum )>ingum, nl!nigd21°, nl!nig )>ing, nl!nig )>inga, nl!oig wiht, niht, nihwl!r, nihwanon, nine, nines )>ingcs, nin )>ing, nin wiht, nitcshwon, nite)>eshwon, neallcs ..Neither ••• nor: nihwe)>er ne ... ne .Even: furl>um, hilru .Still, yet: gen, giet, gieta 179

03.06.01 Similitude, likeness .Altbough, though: mid l>Y, )>Cah, J>onne .However: swi hweJ>er (swi), swi )>Cab hwepre .However, yet, still, nevertheless: eac hwepre, loca hii, l0ca nil hu, sOl> hwepere, swii peah, peab, peah hweJ>ere, }>Cana, J>onnc hwe}>ere .None the less: ni )>y les, noht(c) l>n lti. nOhte l>Y lh .Though ••• however: )>Cab (J>e) ... hwe}>ere .But: ac ..However, yet, but: (gc)hwe}>ere, J>onne ..Notwitbstanding, in spite of: biltan .To compare: geefenlzcan, efenmetan&, geefnan, geefnettan, gclician, geliclztan&, gcmacian, metan, gcmetfestan&, gconlician, (ge)seUan ong~wi)>, (gc)tellan gelrc, gctcllan wi)>, wi}>ermctan&, wi)>metan

03.06.01 Similitude, llkenc11: gelfc, (ge)licnes, onlicncs, onlicung0 .A like shape, semblance, the like: gclica, (gc)licnes .A person like another, the like: gelrca -{Deroptory) such a person u: gclica .Like, similar (to): cfcnimcten&, (gc)lic, on(gc)lic, gcrislic, swilc .Related: gesibb, siblic .Near, close: hcndc .Jnst such: callswilc ..SUch (as): swilc ..Aaotber such: oJ>er swilc .some ••• or other: swilchwugu0 .Jn like manner, even so, similarly: callswi, cfne swi, endcmes, gel rec, onlicc, ongclic(c), swi gclicc, swilcc, )>im gclicc ,Just as, like: callswi, samod anlicc .After the manner of, lib as: on J>ill>erc gclicncssc .aoee to, near to: gchcndc .SUch: swi gclic -Such that: swi gcllc swi .Like, such as: swclclswi ... swilcc .To be like, resemble: geefcnhtcan, gcnealecan, onywan .Aa, like: callswi, gclicc and ... , gclicc ... swi, swi same (swi), swilce .Al If: callswi, samod anlicc ... swi swi, swilcc .Just as If: cfnc swclcc .Al it were: swilcc 03.06.01.01 lmitadoa: (gc)cfcnlkung, liccttung, onhyrcnes 180

03.06.02 Difference, diversity, dissimilarity .A copy, an Imitation: gelicbisen&, gelicbrsnung°' .A c:ountapart (ola docvmmt): geclofa .An imitator: gebisnere0 ' , efenll!cend, gelrcbisen' ..A female imitator: geefenlecestre°' ..An imitator, follower: efenlecerel .Imitative: efenll!ce .That may be Imitated: fyligendlic°' .To imitate: ~fterhyrigan, (ge)efenhtcan, efnettan, hyrian, gelicettan, gelrcian, othyrian°

03.06.01.01.0l lmitatioa, maalatioa: hyring, onhyring .One who Imitates or emulates: onhyr(i)gend •To emulate, pattern oneself on: andian, onhyrian .To pretend to be, make oncself like: geonlic(i)an to .To make to appear like to: gelicettan tO 03.06.01.02 Equality: efenlicnes, efennes, gelrcnes .An equal, a match: (ge)maca. geIMCCa .Just as much (~n): efenmicel ..AMso much, as/so many: swilc .The same: (ge)ilca, self ..One (and the same): in .seH, very, own: self .Equal, like: gelrc, gem~ .Equally: efenlrce, efne, gelrce, geliclrce, on emne .Just as much (av): efne swi)>e .On equal terms, • equals: efenlrce •To make equal or like: geefenlician, (ge)efnan .To make even or equal, square, acljast: geefenlfcian, (ge)efnettan 03.06.01.02.01 Matual: gerdne .Mutual, reciprocal: gemene .Mutually: gemltnelrce 03.06.02 Dlffermee, cliftlsfty,dlnfmilarity: r~. toberennes0 8, t6sc!ad, ungelrcnes •Variety, diversity: mislicnes, missenlicnes .One dissimilar, not an equal: ungelfca, ungemaca, ungermecca .Dlffa eotiation: twislung .Distinction, difference: bescl-ad°I, (ge)dll, gesd.ad, tOd&lednes, tOdfil, tOsc&deMes0 , twa!ming, gewand 181

03.06.02.01 Conttariety, diversity .Different, unlike, diverse: mislic, unefen, unefenlic0 g .Different, various: mislic, missenlic .Unlike, unequal, dissimilar: ungelrc, ungemzc, ungemetlic ..Distinct, separate: toozted .Other, different: ell, ot>er ..Other than before, different, new: nrwe •Variously, diversely, differmdy: mi slice, mislicum, missenlice .Unequally, diversely: unefne ..DHl'erendy, diversely: ungelrce .Distinctly, separately: t~lendlice .Otherwise, differently: elles, sundor .Far (other, etc.): feorr .To differ, be different: toslitan, tostandan, ~weorian .To differ, diverge from: twid&lan •To be distinguished, to differ: scher .. . Ol>er See 03.04.01 Singularity

03.06.02.01 Contrariety, divenity: wi~rweardnes .Oppositeness of nature: wit>errZerweard .On the contrary, on the other twnct: ongean t>et, ~itrongen, ~itrtogeanes ..Contrariwise: herongean .Else, otherwise: apor ot>er, elcor, elc(o)ra. elcran, o)>alicor .Else, under other conditiom: elcor, elles .How ebe: elles bu .Apimt, In contrast/comparison: ongean See 03.04.02 Diversity; 12.05 Opposition

03.06.02.02 lncompanbillty: unwi~metenesog .lncompanble, aot to be compared: unwi~metenlic .Incomparably: unwi~meten(d)lice 182

03.06.03.02 Order, decorum, discretion

03.06.03 CoaanitJ, 8t1w19, llllitabWty: gedafenlicnes, gedafennes0 &, gdueplicnes&, gerisnes°', t>eslicnes .Commlent, suitable, fit: (ge)cwane, gccwem(ed)lic, gedafen, (ge)defelic, gef'Og, gegenge, gehep°', gdueplic', hislic0 , gehyJ>e, gelimpful0 &, macalic', getiemeq, wenlic .8ultable, llllited, fitted: geaged, gelimplic, (ge)ldte, rihtlic, gerisenlic, (ge)screpe, (ge)J>eslic, geJ>ungen, gewunelic ..Acceptable, suitable: andfenge, andfengelic°' ..Well-matched, suitable: gema:c ..8ultable, adequate: til ..Suitable, opportune: gelumpenlic ..Reasonable, suitable: g~allic .Appropriately, suitably, fidy: gecw!mlice, gedteftelice, gedafenlice, gedafniendlicel, gehyhtlice, (ge)limplice, mid gef'Oge, rihtlice, gerisenlfce, gesdadwislrce, gescrepelrce0 .Properly, fidy, well: gesceaplfce0 , gescirpendlrce0 .Fldy, adequately, meetly: gemete, mid gemete .Ripdy, properly: gelimplice .Fldy, opportunely: (ge)cOplfce .Fldy, 90 as to fit: gelimplice .R.eaMnable, in reaaon, fidy: gesdadlrce .To be suitable, be fittin1: belimpan, berisan, (ge)byrian, (ge)dafenian, (ge)limpan, (ge)rrsan .To become fitted: gelimplkan°' .To please, suit: gehagian, geweort>an .To ao accordlna to: faran be .To adapt, turn: gebfgan, geliJ>ewkan, getemprian See I 1.07.02 Utility 03.06.03.01 Compatible: geJ>wt!re .Harmonious, In apElilmcat, accordaat: inn!d(e), efenJ>wt!re°', J>eslic, geJ>wa!re, geJ>wt!rlic .In apeemmt, in the right maaaer: geJ>wt!rlfce .Flttiasly, ap eeably: gesdadwislrce .To agree, accord, fit, suit: rihtget>w~rlt!canq, gerisnian', (ge)J>eslkan', get>rowian, geJ>wt!rian, geJ>wt!rlkan .To brin& Into apeemeat, make barmoaloas: (ge)J>wt!rian 03.06.03.02 Order, deconun, dilcredon: gefzd .Aa eumple: forebysen 183

03.06.03.03 Measure, degree, proportion .A nde, pattern: gemet .Strictly,accordin1 to the model: stiplfce •To set an nample: istellan byscn, bysen onstellan, (ge)bysnian .To take the model for: (ge)bysnian

03.06.03.03 Measure, depee, proportion: 112)>, gemet .Meet, of suitable dimensions: gen2te .In due measure or amount: (ge)metlrce See 03.03.05 Extenl, degree 03.06.03.04 What Is 8Uingl1eemly/appropriak/decent: gedafen, (ge)defe, (ge)ris(e)ne .Proper, ftttina, beoomina, meet: Arlie, gebeorglic, gebyredlic, cynlic, cynn, (ge)dafenlic, gedafniendlic, gedefe, gedreog, gefacdlic, gemet, (ge)ridlie, riht, (ge)risne, (ge)~slic .Becominsly, worthily, meetly: cynlice, gedafenlfce, gedafniendlfce8, gedefe, gedcfelrce, medemlice, gemetlice, rihte, ryhtum gerisnum, sidelrce, (ge)~slice 03.06.04 I.nconpuity, absurdity: unpcslicu .Inconvenience, disag1 eeablmess: ungerisnu .Unsuitable, inappropriate: ungehcpJicoS, ungerisene, un~slic .Unseemly, indecent, unfit: ungedafeniendlic0 1 , ungedafenlic, ungefegeoS .Absurd: un~slic .Unsuitably: ungedafenlrce, ungedefelice0 P, un~slice .In spite of: ufenan

184

04.01.01.02 Act/action of sucking

4. Material Needs 04 Consumption of food/drink: toddort>cguP, onbyrigncs, l>igen •To COO"•me (food/drink): ibirgan, ibrtan, ibriican°, bebriican, (gc)briican, niman, (gc)notian, onbitan, onbriican°, (gc)l>icgan -To taste, consume: in(gc)birgan, on(gc)byrgan .To swallow/ingest: besiipan, forsiican°K, forswclgan, glcndranK, (gc)siipan, swclgan -To swallow (clown): forcwolstan° 04.01 Digatlon: mcltung .To digest: (gc)mcltan, (gc)micltan, tofcrian .Not digested: ungemylt -(Of Jonah) not digested: unfonnoltcn° .Half-digested: simmclt° .(Of keeping food clown) clown: under .(Of food) to stay clown: gewunian 04.01.01 Eada&: et/cte, eting/ctingK, ftltSere 04.01.02.01.02.07 F1sb: fisc .Herring: hl!ring .salmon: leax .Trout: triiht .Lamprey: lamprede' .Oyster: ostre, s& ostre ..Oyster patty: osterhlif0 •Whelk/winkle/cockle: weoloc .Maael: muscelle .Cnb: crabba .Lobster: loppestre 04.01.02.01.02.08 Egg: l!g .Hen's egg: zg, henne zg .Egg white: hlilttor ttg, hwn .Egg yolk: egergelu0 S, dydrin°, geolo, geoloca .Egg-mixture: ttg(ge)mang 04.01.02.01.02.09 Milk: meolc .Of milk: meolcen .Fresh milk: J>eorf

See 04.02.05.06.01.02 To milk 04.01.02.01.02.09.01 Cow's milk: cu meolc 04.01.02.01.02.09.02 Milk from goats: gite meoluc 04.01.02.01.02.09.03 Ewe's milk: eowe meoluc 04.01.02.01.02.09.04 Bt:eslinp (colostrum): beostS, bysting, frummeoluc0 g, l>icce meolc 04.01.02.01.02.09.05 Cream: ftiete, ream 04.01.02.01.02.09.06 Rennet: cyslybb, cysgerunn°g, rynning0 g 04.01.02.01.02.09.07 Buttermilk: syring .Drink made with sour milk: calwerbriw 0 S, cysebriw 0 S 190

04.01 .02.01.03.08 Fine Oour

04.01.02.01.02.09.08 Whey: cysehwl!g", hwl!g, wringhwl!g" 04.01.02.01.02.09.09 Cu.nla: calwen:limq, cealer, molccn, molegns .Piece of: molegnstycceog 04.01.02.01.02.09.10 Batter: butcre. butergeJ>w&>r°', cil buterc 04.01.02.01.02.09.11 Cbeae: cyse .Piece of cbcue: cysstycce .Goat's cheese: glle cyse

04.01.02.01.03 Cora: blcodu0 1, com, speJtS .Cora for grindina: grfstS .Grain of cora: hwl!te See 04.02.04.03.02 Crops

04.01.02.01.03.01 Wheat: hwl!te .Grain of wheat: hwl!tccorn •Type of wheat: hlifbwl!te0 •Wbeatea: hwl!tcn 04.01.02.01.03.02 Barley: tJ&>wS, here 04.01.02.01.03.03 Oats: Ile 04.01.02.01.03.04 Rye: ryge, sigle0 .MIMle of rye: rygen 04.01.02.01.03.05 Mlllet: mns' panic 04.01.02.01.03.06 Bran: sife)>a .Oat·bran: ltrima0 04.01.02.01.03.07 Meal: grot. griit, grytt, melu .(Of meal) fine, mDled: wlh0 .Coarse meal: grotan, grytta. hwl!tcgryttan°' .Wbeatmeal: hwl!temelu0 , hwl!tesmedma0 .Bean meal: beanme)UO .Acora meal: lcmelu

04.01.02.01.03.08 Fine Boar: smcdma .or &ne lour: smedmenog 191

04.01.02.01.03.09 Parched com (biblical) 04.01.02.01.03.09 Pardled corn (biblical): polente0 04.01.02.01.04 Anlm•I food, fodder. RXider, fOl>or .Mixed fodder, 'barley-grass': beregracs0 g .Hay/straw: hieg, streaw .Food for cattle where there is no gru.ing: orfgebittg 04.01.02.01.04.01 Mast, pig-food: ~. bOc, JIUJeSl, picgbread0 g .Charge for fattening pip: zfesn 04.01.02.01.04.02 Cud chewed by •nlm•ls; cwudu 04.01.02.01.04.03 Prey to be torn or rent: gecow 0 , geslit 04.01.02.01.05 Seasonln&'ftavouring: cOcnung, syftige/syfting, sylting0 g See 04.01.02.02.04ff To season 04.01.02.01.05.01 Salt: sealt 04.01.02.01.05.02 Vinegar: eced 04.01.02.01.05.03 Oil: ele 04.01.02.01.05.04 Honey: hunig, mell .Honeycomb: beobread, camb, hunigcamb .Wild honey (or nest of wild honey): treowbicenog, wuduhunig .Liquid honey: hunigt!ar .Downl1t11d honey: dQnhunig0 .Nectar: hunig(deaw)q, meledeaw .Containing honey: hunigb~reS. hunigflowende .Sweet u honey: hunigswete, hunigteareng, hunigtearlic0 g .Mixed with honey: rnilisc, gemilscad •Tute of honey: hunigsmzc0 P 04.01.02.01.05.05 Spice: inwise0 , spicelspica, werednys 04.01.02.01.05.05.01 Ginger: gingifer 04.01.02.01.05.05.02 Mustard: senep 04.01.02.01.05.05.03 Pepper: pipor .Peppercorn: piporcom .Types of pepper: blzc pipor, lang pipor 192

04.01 .02.01 .07.04 Cake

04.01.02.01.05.05.04 erbeawere0 04.01.02.02.02 To smoke food:

recan, smican

04.01.02.02.02.01 To singe: sengan 04.01.02.02.03 To prepare fruit: .Apple-parinp: zppeJscreadaOI 04.01.02.02.04 To seaso111: gec0cnian'. gelogian, gestregdan, (ge)wyrtian .8e•soned: gebrysed, gewyrtod See 04.01.02.0/.05 Seasoning 04.01.02.02.04.01 To salt: sealtan, (ge)syltan .5alted: sealt .U•alted: ungesilt 04.01.02.02.04.02 To pepper: (ge)pip(e)rian 04.01.02.02.04.03 Fermented/soured: siir 04.01.02.02.04.04 Flavoured with rose-leaves: gerosod 04.01.02.02.04.05 Flavoured with laurel: gelaured0 04.01.02.02.04.06 To sweeten: (ge)swctan, gewerodll!can°' .To become sweet: miliscian See 02.05.07.03 Sweetness 04.01.02.02.04.07 Provided with • relish: gesufel, gesyfted 194

04.01.02.02.0S.04 Baking 04.01.82.0l.OC.OS Dae 11ed wltb batter. gebuterod° 04.01.02.02.05 Cooklq: fYrgcarwung°I, metel>ing°, gesod .To cook: ibn!dan°, (ge)bn!dan, gec0csian•, (ge)seol>an .Cooked: (ge)brzd, gearo, gesoden ..Uader-lllabUy-cooked: bra, hrtrenbreden° ...IJcbUy (cooked): hme ,,Ralf-cooked: healfsoden, slmsoden° ..Not cooked/raw: hmw, hr&:>w, riih, uo(ge)soden -(Of veaetables) raw: grtne -(Of veaetables) fresh, not dried: grtne, singrtne -(Of meat) to be raw: hmwan°' ..Cooked wltb oil: elebaccn .A cook: cOc

04.01.02.02.05.01 Heatina, wanning: heting0 • .Melted: imylt. gemylt(ed) 04.01.02.02.05.02 To boil: lwiHan, (ge~l>an. wyllan .To oYea boil, boil too mada: oferwyllan .Bolled: iwyld, gesoden ..Newly bolled: nisoden°' .To boil sou to reduce: oferwillan .To clarify,ltnln (battier, wine, etc.): lhliittrian ..(Of honey, wine, de.) dutled: lhlOttrcd, lmen:d, gehlilttrod, gemercd See 03.01.09.01.01 Boiling 04.01.02.02.05.03 Frylnglrouting: hiersting .To rout/fry: lhyrstan, (ge)hierstan ..To rout oa a spit: stacanq ..Fried: lfigen• 04.01.02.02.05.04 Baking: gebiEC .To bake: lbacan, bacan .Jbked: lbacen, hylsten° ..Newly-baked: niw(an)bacen ..Baked on ashes: ascbacen° ..Baked on hearth: heort>bacen ..t>umfet, wundorfet°P See 04.01.03.05.04 Drinking vessel 04.01.02.02.06.05.01 Dish forfood/senla&.dish: bleddisc°', ~ningfet 04.0l.02.02.06.05.Gl Tray: berdisc°', trig 04.01.02.02.06.05.03 Plate/platter/bowl/dish: bead, disc, lepeldre, lempit0 g, metefet°I, scute)I .Small clishlsicle-d.isb: gabotel .Bowl/?crc•m dlab: credic°' .Shell (u receptacle): sciell 04.01.02.02.06.05.04 Cap/bowl/basin: bledu, bolla, gellet0 , hnzpp, lefel, mele, ore, scealu, wearr •Table-bowl/table-wwel: beodbolle°', beodfet°« .A wt.e-•eskl-can: wlnbeJg°I, wfnsester 0 g .Cap for.,.,.: sopcuppe 04.01.02.02.06.05.05 LadlelKOOp: criice, bledel, turl°' .Spooa, etc.: cucler, metesticca°', sticca 04.01.02.02.06.05.06 Knife: metseax0 04.01.02.02.06.05.07 Hook for llftins food: lwel, metelwelq 04.01.02.02.07 Pa• rr: tredde, wringe0 .00-prem: eletredde .Gnpe paew: wfotmlde -To prr 11: wringan 04.01.02.02.07.01 Mortar: pfle 04.01.02.02.08 Claara: buterstoppa°', cort>er'. cym •?Claara hanclk/mHk wbltlt: l>wiril°' .To cbara: 11>weran .To be9t (up): swingan 04.01.02.02.08.01 CheeTe tab/vat: qsefet 197

04.01.02.02.0'J A mill .CJieete.m•ker: cyswyrhte

04.01.02.02.09 A mill: mylen, mylensteall, mylenstede .In • fen: mcrscmylen .B•ncl mill: cweom, handcwym .Pepper-mill: piporcwym0 .Mlll-wbeel: mylenhw~I .Millstone: byrpenstinotl, cweomstin, mylenstinS -Turned by an us: esulcweom .Mlll-stieam: cweomburna, hw~lnpig, mylenbroc, mylenbuma, mylentrobotl, mylestream0 ..Mlll-pool/-welr/.Um: mylengear/mylenwer/myller, mylenpull .Mill-dyke: mylendrc .Mill-field: milenfeld0 .Path to a mUI: mylenstig, mylenweti .Mlll-tax/?rmt: mylengafol0 .A miller: gristra', mylenweard/mylenwyrd, mylnere -A grinder of corn: grindere0 .To 1rincl corn: grindan -That grinds, pindina: grindende .To sift (meal): (ge)temesian ..Sifted: (ge)temesed 04.01.02.02.10 Saltworks: sealtem, sealthiis0 S .Salt-worker: sealtere ..Salt-boiler: wyllere 04.01.02.03 To serve (food/clrlak): (ge)sellan .To serve (food): lite bealdan .To break bread for distribution: (ge)brecan hlif -Breaking of bread for distribution: bretings, gebroc, bryce, dl!lnes0 S 04.01.02.03.01 Service in kitchen: cycent>lnung .Steward in charge of food: hlifbrytta0 .Dish-bearer, steward: discberendS, disct>egn .Jag-bearer: c!acboral

See 12.01.01.08 Service 04.01.02.04 Abanclance of food: mddorwela0 P, wistfyllo0 P .Small quantity of food: bita, cruma, geofola/giefl, snl!d .Tableoffood: b&>d, b&>dwyst°S, ~ 198

04.01.02.04.03 Feeding, nourishing .Dish of food: mete, metegearwa0 , sand .&apply of foodlpro'fhions: flSda. f'Odnol>, mstor, mstomol> ..Requisites: metenead° ..Rations/fixed contribution of food: feonn. nest -Cow provided as food source: metecii -Allowance of grain: metecom0 -Allowance of meat: ftitsct>Cnung° -Portion of meat: ftescsand ..Supply for journey: lonnete, wegnest ..Day's supply: dzgfeorm, degswesendo0 ..SUpply for winter. wintersufe1° ..Provision for royal bomebold: cyningfeorm0 -Given as reward to harvest labouren: breaccopp0 , hreacmete0

04.01.02.04.01 Meal: dzgmete&, dzgwist. hlif, ~l. mete, metscipe0 , (ge)reord,gereordnes,(ge)reordung,l>Cnung .Lisht meaVsmck: snltding 04.01.02.04.01.01 Meal at partic:alar time of day: .Bl"kfast/moming meal: morgenmete, underngieft0 , undernmete, undemgereord, undemsw~sendu , undemgeweorc .Mid-day meal: midd&gl>Cnung°, nOnmetc, n0ngereord0 .Evening meaVsupper: itfcngi(c)ft, ttfcnmete, itfengereord, ttfengcreordung°', ttfent>egnung 0

04.01.02.04.01.01.01 Meal time: gereordungtid ,

~l.

mttltid, mttltima, metetid,

04.01.02.04.02 Feast: etwelaP. b&>dgereord, (gc)b&>rscipe, feonn, (ge)reord, symbel, symbelgereord0 P, winl>eguP, wist .Excenive feasting: ofcntt .Wedding feast: brydealo(}>) .Christmas feast: winterfeonn° .Easter feast: eastcrfeorm0 .Royal feast: cyninggereordu0 ' .Feast for travellen: cumfeorm .Entertainments as reward for labour: benfeorm0 , dryncelcan, gytfeorm0 .Day of a banquet/feast: symbeldzg See 04.01.01.07 Feasting; 18.02 Amusement 04.01.02.04.03 Feeclina, nourishing: f&ling°, tostor, strangung 199

04.01 .02.04.03.01 To feed/nourish .Giver of food: ~tgiefaP .Glvin&ftaldn& of food: gereordnes .Fewllng, keep: tedelsq, Rida

See 04.01.01.02 Sllcking

04.01.02.04.03.01 To feed/nourish: IRdan, lmaestan, gecdwistiang, (ge)tedan, tedan and lostrian, (ge)fEstriang, fOstrian, metsian, (ge)reord(i)an .To feed well: ~tan° .To feed improperly: misfCdang .To feed up/overfeed: ofennzstan° 04.01.02.04.03.01.01 Fed/noariabed: geled .FUled with foocllwell-nourisbed: AJ>egeng, mete~iht .Not fed: ungereordod0

0

04.01.02.04.03.02 Bringing-up, fostering: fOstor .Nourishment of offspring: tiiddonostorog .To nurture, bring op: IRdan See 02.01.03.03.03.02 Nllrsing 04.01.02.04.04 To malnt81n, support, provide for: iledan, ifercian°, belifgan°, biferan°, feonnian, (ge)healdan 04.01.02.04.04.01 Provider/suppUer of food: feormend, feormere0 .Forager: f0drere0 •To supply with provisions: Arnetsian°, etan, metian, (ge )metsian -To preparefprovide food: macian 04.01.02.04.05 Entertainment with food: gereordnes .To entertain with food: (ge)feonnian, wenian tO wiste -To entert•in with supper: ~fengercordian° -To hold a wake: yrfan° 04.01.02.04.05.01 Hospitality, harbouring, entertaining: feonn, feonnung, fynn~. luffeorm0 .At ni&ht: nihtfeormungOP .For royal household: cyningfeorm0 .Giver of boepitality: feormend .To give food llJld loclginp to: (ge)feonnian See 08.01.02.04 Hospitality 200

04.01 .03.02 To drink heavily, get drunk

04.01.02.04.05.01.01 Qaarteriag of olRrl•••: fcsting, n!defcsting° .A RrnUlt thus quartered: fcstingmann .PIKelboase where quartend: biir, cumena hils/wicung, cumenhQs0 , giestsem, giestbof0 P, giestbils, giest.seleP, hQs be wege, inn, t0cirhiis0 & See 04.05.03.03.01 Lodgings

04.01.03 Drinking: (ge)drenc, (ge)drync .A drink/draught: bttdewlg, drenc, drync(a), bladung°'. li}>, scene, tyge ..Small drink/sip: sopa ..A cupful: scene ..A glassful: glcsful0 ..A Jugful: ceacfull .To drink: (ge)drincan, indrincan'. ondrincan ..To quench tbint: ic!lan, bltan 1>urst. (ge)c!lan, of adrincan ..To sip/sup: (ge)siipan ..To lap: lapian, liccian •To arve (with) drink: byrclianP, (ge)drencan, druncnian, forJ>scencan°&, (ge)sccncan ..Dealing out of drink: medun!den°P J>rlnldna of pardcular drink: b6orj>eguP, medudrincOP, meodudrenc0 , windrenc, win(ge)drinc

04.01.03.01 Thlnt: l>urst •Want of water: weterlwt°, wcterlist, weterwedlnes0 .Tblnty: ot]>yrst(ed), l>urstig. gepyrst .To thlnt, snf'fer tbint: (ge)l>yrstan, l>yrste (ge)l>ecgan •

04.01.03.02 To drink bea'f'llJ, pt drunk: oferdrencan, oferdrincan .Act of drinking deepl1: gedrync, oferdrcncJoferdrync, oferdruncennes .To drink exassively: gedrincan, of druncnian .To pve copiously to drink: oferdrencan .To m•ke dnmk: drencan, (ge)druncnian, fordrencan, (ge)indrencans, of drincan, oferdrencan, ondrencan ..Act of making dmnk: druncning°I .(Of drink) intoxic.tlng: druncenleweoS .To be m•de dnmk: fordruncnian° .To get dnank: druncen gedrincan, (ge)druncnian, geonddrencan, ondruncnian°' .Drank: (ge)druncen, druncenig°'. dryncw&ig°', ealuglJ0 P, fordruncen, indruncen', medugiJP, meduw&igP, oferdrenct, oferdruncen, symbelgiJ0 P, symbelwlonc0 P, windruncen, wingiJP 201

04.01.03.03 Sober .DnmkmMrr: druncen, dnmcenbid°, drunoennes, druncenscipe0 , ealuglJnes, oferdrunccn, oferdrunceones, oferdruncolnes0 , ofer(ge)drync .A drunkard: drincere, druncen, eaJuwosa0 P, Oferdrincere, WCsaog ..Drunken maidsenant: druncmennen°P .Dnmkenlwanting drlak: druncengeom, druncenwillen .Surfeited: geillerocad' ..S.dated with wine: wfnsedP

04.01.03.03 Sober: syfre, undruncen° See 04.01.0/.06.0J Abstinence; 12.08.03 Restraint 04.01.03.04 Water: weter .A drink/cup of water: wetcrdrync0 .(Of water) fnsb: fc:rsc .Provision of water: weterung .To pro.tdewitb water: (ge)weterian 04.01.03.05 A drinklbnaqe: drcnc, drync(a), wl!t, weta .Made of fruit: berigdrcnc0 g, peaewOs°', plOmseaw 0 .Made of sap: a1ordrenc0 .Made of berbs/seedslbark: wermOd, wyrtdrenc .Strained-off liquor: oferfyllo0 , gewring .some sort of juice: sohJ>a' .(Of drlak) mixed, adulterated: gemenged .(Of drlak) fatted: f~tt' 04.01.03.05.01 Intosicating liquor: ealu, Ii)>, sicera .A drlak of: drync .GIYm as reward: dryncel~ .Light, mild, not strona: lwht, li)>e, peall'. unswi)> 04.01.03.05.01.01 Wine: win, win(ge)drinc .Of the nature of wine: wfnlic .A drink of wine: windrenc, wiodred°I, wfndrend°' .Wine of a partk:ular nature: wincynn° ..New wine: must, nwwe wrn -BoOecl wine: coiteml!re!, morap -Wine reduced by bolllna to sweeten: ceren ..Bitter wine: ecedwfn°1 ..Sweetened wine: rbmwfn' 202

04.01.03.05.03 Tavern ..A thin, TIDMI drink: hccine°' -Wine mbture: wlngeman&° .Mast: must .(Of wine) purUled: iblOttrud, gehlilttrod .(Of wine) sharp: scearp .(Of wine) DOt sharp: UDSCemrJ>O .(Of wine) boiled dowa: gewylled -(Of wine) sweetmed: milisc See 04.02.04.05.03 Wine-growing

04.01.03.05.01.01.01 Wine-pa• rr: torculoC, tmldc. wlntredde, wintrogOI, wrnwringe 04.01.03.05.01.02 Brodi: bryJ>en .Aldbeer: efterealooC, b&>r, ealu, mealtealoJ>, swatan (pl), twibrowen ealoJ>, wylisc eala (-o) ..Drep of beer: b&>rdr1est(e) .(Of beer) twice brewed: twibrowen°

04.01.03.05.01.03 Cider: eppelwrn°1 04.01.03.05.01.04 Mead: b&>r, medu, medudrenc0 .Drep of meed: ~na 0

04.01.03.05.02 Brewlac: brjwlic0 , ealugewcorc0 .A brewlq: bryJ>en .Mab: masc, maxwyrt .Wort: mealtwyrt&, wyrt .Groats, speut com: grit .Malt: ealumealt°. mealt .Drep: daerst, drosna .Brewing-home: br&wemc, mealthils0 1 .Brewed: gebrowen ·-Twice: tw1browen° .Promotiq fea mmtatioa: triowende .To brew: (ge)triowan .A brewer. meduwyrhtaq

04.01.03.05.03 Tavaa: Cf;apcaluJ>el0 , drcnchQs0 1, ealuhQs0 , ealusele0 , wrnem, wlnbQsl .Be~•r: ealuclyfac 203

04.01 .03.05.04 Drinking vessel •Wine-cellar: winzm .City where mad drank rejoicingly: meduburgP .Innkeeper, tapster: tzppere, tzppestre0 , winbrytta', winbyrcle0 g,

wrntzpperc' .Cup-bearer: byrcle, gedrynca0 , fztfyllere, fyllerc0 .Drinking entertainment: gytedlop, medudreamP ..fnvftatlOD to wine: Wfnhite0 P See 04.01.01.08 Eating place; 04.05.03.03 lnn 04.01.03.05.04 Drinldna vessel: bune, calic, coppS, cuppe, drencecuppe0 g , drencfzt/dryncfzt. ful, gropaog, scene, wl!geP, wearr 0 .Horn: drenchom/dryncehom, horn, wrnhom .Glass: gla:s, glzsen fzt, glzsfzt .Vessel uwt in ball: selefuJ0 P •Vessel for spedftc liquor: ealuwl!geP, li)>wege0 P, medufulP, meduscenc0 P, wztermele .A lipped vessel, beaker: easeog, nzstcrog .A cupl?jug: scencingcuppe0 .A vessel, pitcher, crock: canne, ceac, crogK, crilce, crilse0 g , srzna/-eS .A vessel with stem or handle: amber, stelmele0 .A studded vessel: nzgledsinc0 P .A water-pitcher: wztcrbiic, wa:tercrog°g, wztercriice0 g, wzterfzt, wa:terftaxe0 See 04.01.02.02.06.05 Vessel; 17.03.12 Conlainer 04.01.03.05.04.01 A flask, flqon, bottle: ampelle, biic, biitq, butruc, bytt, cyll, fluce, glzsfzt, pinneog, stlap .(Of wine-jar) a ldM of vend: cr0gcynnog .A leatbeM:Overed vessel: cyll 04.01.03.05.04.02 A barrel, tqn, vat, cask: byden, bydenfa:t, bytt, cyf, cyfl, sAoS, trog, tunne .A tqb: tyncen° ..A butt-Ucl: bytte hlid .A wine-vat: wrncolc0 g' wrnfa:t, wrnmere0 g .A wine-cask: wfntunne0 .A beer/ale barrel: beorbyden°, ealufzt° .A water-cask: wa:terbydenog 04.01.03.05.04.03 A bucket, pail: a:scen, embrcng, stoppa .A water-budtet: wa:terstoppa 204

04.02.03.01.01 Enclosed land/field .A vessel for drawing water: hllledenog, hlcdfet°

See 04.02.05.06.01.02 Mille 04.02 Farm: feorme him, him, stat>ol. tiln, l>orp .smau-~dl"lfcroft: croft,

cryftingQ, norpcroft°, suJ>croft, tiinincelS,

wuducroft° .Estate: him, land .Home farm: berewic 04.02.01 Fanmteacl: tilnsteall, tilnstedeS, wor}>(ig) .Farmyard: foresteallq .(Of land) inhabited: ibiirod0 , byne, geseten ..Colonised, funUsbed with 'gebins': gebyred0 S .To dear for oc:uapation: geryman

See 12.06.03 Inhabited 04.02.02 Farmer, culdvator: aecermann°, tthtemann°, bigenga, bilend,

gebiir, landbegenga, landbiiend, tilia .Rustic/peasant: aecerceorl, (ge)biir, ceorl, tilman° .Rustic, of a peasant: ceorlisc See 02.03.03.04.01 Coumry people 04.02.03 Caldvatable landlfarmJancl: hriise, land, seten, tilnland0 ,

wyrl>ing°S .Marked out for a homestead: toft .Caldvated: begin, gesett, geworht .To procluce: (ge)growan .••nd yWdlna food-rent: ferme land 04.02.03.01 Plot of land: etisc(e)q, gegrynd0 , plot. splott .Plot of cultivated land: ecer, grund .Small piece of land: buttoc .Wedge-shaped piece of land: glr(a), glraecer

.Mlll·tield: mylenfeld0 See 01.01.02.01.01 Tract ofland 04.02.03.01.01 Enclosed landlfteld: feld, bamm, pearroc, teab, tiin, wort> .Jn a manb: hop .Small tield/eodomre: croft

205

04.02.03.01.02 Cleared land

04.02.03.01.02 Cleared l•nd; btyding°I, rod. rot>q. rot>crq. ryd'I, ryding/-enq, (gc)ryt>er. stjcing, styficung .Cleared: clenc, rilm "°'bushel: hnot .Ia• wood: fillet. filling°, styficleab0 .Near • 'barb': burgrod° .A pllace with bee••..: stocettl, stumblcttwcorhfero' .An end farrow, border farrow: endefurh, ~rfurh •Two-ful'l'Owed: twlfYrede°' .11lrec-ful'l'Owed: ):>rffYredeq .A luank, ridp: balc(a)

04.02.03.02.02 Sown pmt of fteld: heccingQ .SOwa/pl•nted: bcslwcn, gcslwcn, gcsctt ..Not 10wn: unslwcn° 04.02.03.02.02.01 Barley land/ftejd: berecroft0 , bereland0 04.02.03.02.02.02 Ban land/lekl: l>Wlfurlang°, beanland. blanleag, l>Wlsct°,blanstede0 206

04.02.03.04 Grassland

04.02.03.02.02.03 Ji1u land/Wei: ftexaccer 0 , ftexhamm, lfnacer, linland, lfnllag 04.02.03.02.02.04 Oat landl8elcl: ltland0 , ltllag 04.02.03.02.02.05 Wheat laad/8eld: bwattecroft", hwa!teland0 04.02.03.02.02.06 Stubble leld: enc, gredtiinq, healm 04.02.03.02.03 Fallow ..nd: fealh, fealu, fylging&, latgaccer0 , latghrycg° .Left for a loq time: ealdland0 .(Of ..nd) fallow: b&r 04.02.03.02.03.01 ?Strip of untilled laad: br&c 04.02.03.03 A mwure of l•nd~ gcoc, gcocled, gicer•, sulh .A rod: rod See 05.10.05.03 Measure ofdistance 04.02.03.03.01 A plougbland: pl6g, pl6ges land, sulhgang 04.02.03.03.02 A hide~ hrd, biwisc, hrwscipe, oxangang .B7 hides: hrdmatlum0 , hrwisc .A half-hide: healfhyd0 .A ~h~ virpte: gierd .A tenth of a hide: teol>ung 04.02.03.03.03 An acre: aecer .B11oe1a: accau~lum0

.Acre-plot: aecersplott° .Strip at bead of 8eld: b!afodaecer .A half-.cre: healfaccer

04.02.03.03.04 Area a furrow-Iona acJ'Olll: furlang 04.02.03.04 Gl"8111aad: angerq, grede, gracsmolde0 P , gracswang, turf, turfhaga0 P , wangturf0 .Place with bent arw: beooeting° .Undulide of a turf: stal>I See 01.01.02.01.05 Vegetation;02.07.08 Grass

207

04.02.03.04.01 Meadow land/meadow

04.02.03.04.01 Me.dow land/meadow: fi.liJ>lcag, gersttln, leab, rdd, nu!dzcer, rruedwe, rdd(we)land, mlweq, winnq .Plot of meadow: truedsplott° .Endoeed meadow: gelueg .8eparate mceclow: sun~ .Me.dow mown for rent: gafoltrued 0

04.02.03.04.01.01 Watermc..SOW: ft0dmed0 , wisce, wiseq, wisocq .Me..tow wbeae willows p-ow: sealhangra0 04.02.03.04.01.02 Thistle-covered meadow: J>istell!ag° : efsweorc°«, ltting, bltr, denst6w 0 , eteland°, etenhts, feldsetens, feohland°, fbd(r)ingQ, f0stom6J>, gers, gersing, tes, set .Ddned tract of pasture: sne)>feld° .Endoeed putllJ'f/plld: d!ortiinl, edisc, hamland0 ..Keeper of: ediscweardl .To me as pasture: ettan ..To stock pasture: land gewerian -To stock witb cattle: geierlian -Umtocked: yrfeleas0 04.02.03.04.02

04.02.03.04.02.01 Types of pasture: .Pasture in open coaatry: feldles .A fem-pasture: feamedisc" , fearnl&s0 .Woodland pasture: wudubltr, wudugelueg°, wuduhts .Putureland by a pool: p0lbl!r 0 .Palt.. nl•nd near a weir: werbltr .Manby paature: m6rll!s0 .Poor pasture: stcorfQ .Oat.pastures: Otllts0 .Pasture grazed by animal• of a fold: faldgang° .Pasture witb tlowen for bea: bCol&sq 04.02.03.04.02.01.01 H~ne pasture: horsgerstiln° 04.02.03.04.02.01.02 Sheep pasture: sleget .Hiii on wblcb lbeep are wintered: winterdiln° 208

04.02.04.02.02.01 Harrowing 04.02.03.04.02.01.03 Swine putme: denbe~. deobercnde°, denn, maten, mestland0 ' swrnland°' wealdber 0 04.02.03.04.02.01.04 Puturap in return for plougbina labour: gacrsy¢0 04.02.04 Apiculture: eorf>tilung°, tilung 04.02.04.01 To oecapy and caltlYate l•M: (ge)blian .To dear land: geryddan° •To hedae, endoee: (ge)bcgian .Flnt brakina of IP"O"ncl: landopenung°S .Work on tbe land: eort>weof'C'> 04.02.04.02 CaltifttlOllltlllap: ecerweorcotl, begang, brgeng, eorf>bigengnesI, eorf>till>0 , till>(e) .A tillerofsoU: begangoJI, begenga, bigenga, bilend, eorf>tilia, tilia, tilman°, yrl>ling .To caltlqtlltill: begin, beswincan, titian, wyn:an 04.02.04.02.01 To prepare lawlllOil: n!dan, (ge)teagan .Act of weedina: w~ung°I .To weed: w~an° 04.02.04.02.01.01 To manure, dana: gedyng(i)an .Act of danglna: dyngung°S .Dana: dung°', dyncg(e), meox, mixen -Heap: mixen 04.02.04.02.01.02 To lntpte (pl•nCs, land)ldtannel (water): gewacterian, wyrf>an°' .Wateriq (of plants): wacterung .Dltdl: die, seobter(e) ..Dltcber: dicere°'

.To dam (water): gepyndan, (ge)werian 04.02.04.02.02 To dla up tbe poancl: idelfan, delfan .To dla with a small spade; spittan° .A dlaer: delfereO 04.02.04.02.02.01 Harrowina: ecgung0 1 .Harrower: egl>ere' .To barrow: beecgl>an, (ge)ecgan, gcegl>an°

209

04.02.04.02.02.02 Ploughing, tilling

04.02.04.02.02.02 Ploup.ina, dlHn1: eriung°C, yrp .For the 8nt time: landbntce°' .Ploughin1 as part of rent: ~nyrp0 , gafolyrp0 .A ploughman; sulhhzbbereoS, sulhhandlal, sulbmannq, sylal .To plough: (ge)erian, (ge)fiirian, (ge)fYran, (ge)gin, gegangan ..To plough up: fealgian°, onerian ..To plough apin: hricianoS .A ploughing feast: gytfeorm0

04.02.04.02.03 Sowins: sed, sedna&>0 ' . sewet0 .A 90wer: ddete, siwend, siwere0 .Time for 90wins: ddtima0 .To..,,,, K11tter (wtdl): isiwan, besiwan, onsiwan, ddian, (ge)siwan, sprengan, stencan, tOslwan ..To sow over: ofersiwan ..To provide 1eed for land~ ddian

04.02.04.02.04 Plantlna: plantung, waestma setcn .To plant: lplantian, isett•n, (ge)plantian, (ge)settan, wyrtwalian ..To transplant: oferplantian°' ..To plant with somethlna: ymbsettan

04.02.04.03 A plant: plantung .(Of plants) nurtured: itCd .(Of plants) to grow: geweaxan .(Of soil) to produce, bear: gegrowan .A slip, shoot: setcn .A shoot, graft: impa ..To graft: impian

04.02.04.03.01 Seed: 5Zd .Seed for an acre: aecers&d .Beans for sowlns: ~nsed

See 02.07.02.04 Seed

04.02.04.03.02 Crop/crops: aecer, tilt>(e), waestm, yrp 04.02.04.03.02.01 Gnin crops: com, comci}>0 ' , emq, em~0 .Spelt, corn: amerq, spelt' .Parched com: polente0 .Blade of com: gaers 210

04.02.04.04.01 To ripen .An ear of snla: agen•, bleodu°', cropp, ear ..A snla of cona: comdd° .Pod, busk: beanbelg, beancodd. codd, bosu, bulu', gewrid°' ..A busk, shell: egenu', scealu .A ltraw, stalk: earbledl, bealm

See 04.01.02.01.03/f Com

04.02.04.03.02.01.01 Barley: b&rlic, blow•, bere .Sprins•90Wb barley: lenctenbere0 .A barley-crop: berewa:stm0 P .Barley seed: beredd° .Barley corn: berecom, berengrytta0 .A beard of barley: egl .A barley busk: berenhulu°' .Barley staaw: berehalm .or barley: b&rlic, beren

04.02.04.03.02.01.02 A ldnd of mDlet: nu11, panic 04.02.04.03.02.01.03 Oat·braa: lttima0 04.02.04.03.02.01.04 Rye: ryge, sigle0 04.02.04.03.02.01.05 Wheat: bwete .A wheat-crop: hwete, hwetewa:stm .A aood kind of wbwt: hwctecynn°P .Wbwt..stJaw: hwetehealm0

04.02.04.03.02.02 F1u: fleax, Jin, linwyrt

.nu seed: lindd

.F1u corn: lrns&com0

04.02.04.03.02.03 Ba7: file&>e, hreg, ~n°, streaw .Gaw left mndlna~ focgaq 04.02.04.03.02.04 Hemp: ha:nep 04.02.04.04 Harvat, crop: bl&!, (ge)rfp, rrpnes, ripJ>0 • .BIHi harvest/crop failure: unwa:stm •Tare(s): Ile, coccel, earfe, giJ>rife, lber, sifeJ>a OC.02.04.04.01 To ripen: fealwian, gearwian, (ge)ripian 211

04.02.04.04.02 Harvesting .Act of ripenln1; rfpung .Ripe: rfpe ..Partially ripe: simgr!nc0 • -Unripe, not 8nn: ungcfynde0

04.02.04.04.02 Harvestins: (gc)gaderung, ohtripl, (gc)rip, ripung .Harvest time: luerfcst. rfptima .Compulsory work at harvest: bed.rip, bennp0 .Brinalna in of com: cornlld0 .Flnt·lndtl: aclmesecer, frumrfpa, frwnscca1t, frumwacstm, frym~ .Of barvest: luerfcstlic 04.02.04.04.02.01 Raper, mower: rlperc, sll>bercnd°I

~n°,

rru!J>cre', riftcrc, ripemann,

04.02.04.04.02.02 To ptber lralts, crops, etc.: (gc)gadrian, (gc)samnian (in) .To nap: repan, (gc)rlpan, (gc)snll>an .(Of com) cut: isniden .RftD•nt of com: corngcbrot° 04.02.04.04.02.03 Mowin&: m~wcct°, nu!~ .To mow: (gc)miwan .Amount mowa: medn!dcn° 04.02.04.04.02.04 To ateaa: samnian 04.02.04.04.03 Stubble, staaw: healm, hcalmstttaw 0 • 04.02.04.04.04 Stack, rick: hr!acc .Hap, mow: mnga .A abeal: gilm, gripa, (gc)reopa, scCaf -Sbea't'a: gcrypan ..In lbeava: sceafml!lum0 04.02.04.04.05 To tbreah (com): t>crscan .Tbnsblag-8oor: bercft0r•, bcrctiln, Oden, ~yrsce(l)ftor ..Hollow nwd as tbreshln1·8oor: Odcncolc0 See 04.02.04.06.14 Flail 04.02.04.04.05.01 To winnow: fannian°1, (ge)hrldrian, windwian 212

04.02.04.0S.04 A ddacbed area of woodland

04.02.04.04.05.02 Cbalr: egnan•, ceaf, comesceda°', gedrif, granwisc«, sifel>a. windung, windwigceafl 04.02.04.04.06 Bara: bereem, bembils0 , bcrettln, comblls0 •, melublldem0 , melubils°' .Bara-keeper. bercbrytta

.Corn bin: combwicce0 .Baynore: hfegbils• .Fruit store: eppelhils°' 04.02.04.05 Ganim: (ge)wyrttiln .Full oft.etbs, garden-like: wyrtig0 .KJtcben/berb garden: l~tlln. wyrtgeard .A prdea enclosure: wyrttunbege0 .A nonery, plantation: seten .A pnlener: l~nweard°•, lbcweardl, orcerdweard°I, wyrtweard

04.02.04.05.01 A pnlen-plot: bedd .A roee bed: r6sbedd°I .A eras bed: cersingq .A bed of herbs: wyrtbedd .A Beld of mint: mintfeld0 , minthamm, mintllag 04.02.04.05.02 An orchard: eppelbeaJu0 P, eppeltiin, apuldortiin•, orcerdl!bl, ortgeard .or pean: pirgrlf° .A bop prdm: bopping° 04.02.04.05.03 A wine-growins COllDtry: wfnland0 .A Yineyard: wfngeard -Walled: wrnburb -Row of vinel: oemseten wrngeardes -A worker In a Yineyanl: wingeardwealh0 , wrnwircend°' ..A pninlq-knife: Wfngeardseax0 1 -To pick grapes: wfnian•, wfnluUfetian°•, winreopanl 04.02.04.05.04 A detached area of woodland: sned .A deftnecl tnd of woodland: snl!J>feld0 .I.and on which to grow timber: timberland .A plantation: telgetta' .Gdting of wood: wudung .Timber. bolt. holtwudu, treow ..(Of timber) greenness, want of seawning: grennes ..A heap of wood: fin ..A place wbeft wood is heaped: finin~ .To cat wood: beheawan, (ge)heawan, timbrian, wudian .To fell trees: fyllan 04.02.04.05.04.01.01 Pnmlngllopping: screadung .Pruning book, instrument for cutting wood: bill .Pruning knife: screadungisen°' .To pnmellop: besnedanP, of iceorfan, of iscreadian, (ge)screadian, sn~dan .Pollarded: copped, hnot 04.02.04.06 Agricultural implements: 04.02.04.06.01 A spade: delfisen', pil, spadu .A small spade: spite) .A shovel: scoft ..For dung: meoxscoft0 .A turf-cutting implement: turtbacceq, tyrfhaga' 04.02.04.06.02 A fork: gafol .A dung-fork: meoxforce0 ' .A barley fork: berigeblae0 ' .A pitchfork: forcel 0 ' 04.02.04.06.03 A mattock: becca', mattuc 04.02.04.06.04 A rake: raca 04.02.04.06.0S A boe: wCodhOc: 04.02.04.06.06 Harrowing equipment: egepgetigu0 .A barrow: ear', egl>e', wealh 214

04.02.0S.Ol Care of livestock 04.92.04.06.07 Ploa&hfaa eqcdpnt«nt: solhgcsidu0 , sulhgeteog°P .A ploqb: sulh/s1ll ..A lhare-beam: beam, scearblaJnoC ..A rest: ~st, sntereost°S, )>roe ..A plousbsbare: cipp, orJ>ancpll0 P, scear -?A plousbsbare: sjlexl ..A coalter: cutter ..A ploucb-tall: s~ . sillhandlal, sulbbeam' ..Ploa&h·m•klng: sulhgcweorc°P 04.02.04.06.08 A dibble: plantsticca0 1 .A woed-dlbble: wldspitl0 04.02.04.06.09 A sower'• besket: sedlbp 04.02.04.06.10 A duns-barrow: meoxbearwc0 1 .A duns-basket: meoxwillc0 ' 04.02.04.06.11 A nttle, d•pper: cladersticcal, cledur' 04.02.04.06.12 A scythe, lldrle: riftere, rfpfseml, sicol, sl)>e .Jhndle of: snttd .A an•ll sickle: bOcfsem°' .A bay-scythe: fOdderbillq, hicgsi}>e0 04.02.04.06.13 A stick to beat Bu: swingcl 04.02.04.06.14 A ftall for tbrablq corn: ftigc1°, )>erscel' 04.02.04.06.14.01 A wilmowlnalan: fann, wind(gc)fonal, windscoft°', windswingcl°' 04.02.04.06.14.02 A winnowing sieve: briddel 0 , bridder, windwigsyfc0 1 04.02.04.06.14.03 A ve11el for deamlna corn: comtrog°I 04.02.04.06.14.04 Put of a corn me 111ire: striccl 04.02.05 Livestock: eht, icrfc .A bad of cattle: hWod, yrfc

See 02.06.02 Domestic animals

2IS

04.02.05.01.01 To feed/fatten animals .Act ot breedlna and rearlna: M

in~ster 0

To brud, rear: ln!ran, adan

04.02.05.01.01 To feed/fatten •nilll81s: iol2stan, maestan .Fattened: lm&stcd, fett, gcm&st .To water (animals): waeterian .To rear (fowls): f&lan .(Of •nimals) to grow: weaxan 04.02.05.01.01.01 To put oat to panre: (ge)leswian .(Of anlm•ls) to pue: ettan, f&lan, grasian°', leswian .(Of anhmls) that pue: lesweode 04.02.05.01.02 To tend, herd: (ge)healdan .A herdnnan: f0dderbrytta0 g, hierde, hicrdeman, swan 04.02.05.02 Animel diwases: .Unsoundness: unhl!lu .Unsound: unhil .Sida disea1e: hreofta

04.02.05.02.01 (Of cattle) seized with dlseaH: ofscoten .Murrain (in cattle): cwild, fi=rstcorfa, orfcwealm, scitte, yrfcwealm 04.02.05.02.02 (Of sheep) sore, ulcerous: ibrocen 04.02.05.02.03 Eryslpel• in hones: hors6man° .A hone gall: gealla M(Of hones) piled: geallcde 04.02.05.02.04 Doa'• worm: hundeswynnoC 04.02.05.03 A park, enclosure for enim•ls: dwrtung, teag, wulfhaga .A den for keepina animal•: hot .A pte for anl,,,.ls: deorgeat, blidgeat 04.02.05.03.01 A pen, fold, enclosure: fald, fyrspenn, penn, plettg, pundq, pundfald, set .One who puts animal• in fold: faldereq 04.02.05.03.02 A byre, stall, sty, shed: binn, byre, set, setl, steal!, stig .To place in a stall/sty: stiellan, stigian 216

04.02.05.06.01 A cowherd .A manger: binn, cribb, RM:lderhec°, yrfcbinn° .A roost: hrOst°

04.02.05.04 To tame, break In (animals): itemian, geleran, (ge)tamcian, tam geteagan, (ge)temian, gewenian tam, gewieldan :1•me1HSS: tama .Tamer/owueir ot an animal: migister .(Of animals) tame(d)lquleted: gedreog, hilig, bandtam0 , tam, getemed ..Accustomed to yoke: undergeocoe •Wiid, not tamed: wilde ..Uotamable: untamculoC 04.02.05.05 Equipment: 04.02.05.05.01 A goad: gid. gidfren°, giidisen, gierd, sticel(s) 04.02.05.05.02 Barnea ot dnaght animal~ sadolgen!du0 , s!am .A baiter/collar: solq .Trace(s): getoge, J>istra' 04.02.05.05.03 A yob: geoc, geocboga' .A yoke-stick: geocstcccal .Yoked: gegeocod .To harness/yoke: (ge)geocian, spannan .To unyoke: unscennan°« 04.02.05.05.04 Rope, rein: tygel .Shackle, leash: fetor ..A jess or vervel (In falconry): wyrpeJ0 P ..Tethered: gebunden,gegeocod,getreged 04.02.05.06 Animals yoked together. geoctlma0 «, team, gelfeme .First team (in a line): frumteam0 « .Yoke of oxen/pair of bones: geoht .Ox-team: (ge)sylhl>(e), getjme oxena .mred yoke ot oxen: hyrgeoht° ..mred ox: hyroxa0 04.02.05.06.01 A cowherd: cuhyrde, feohbfgenga0 , hnperhyrde0 , oxanhyrde .Keeper of cattle In common field: hzgweard° .(Of animals) untended, unwatched: giemellas, hierdellas, unlede 217

04.02.0S.06.01.01 A cattle pen/cowshed 04.02.05.06.01.01 A catde pmlcowibecl: bOsq, cilbyre, hrfln fald, scipen, wyrmsteallq .A cattle-yard: geardsteall0 .A calf-pea: cealftocaq .A stall: bOsig&

04.02.05.06.01.02 To milk: imelcan, (ge)melcan, meolcian .Yield at a milki. .: fild°

.Milked: (ge)molcen .A mllk-pall: ceoldrc', fildcump0 , meolcfet°S

See 04.01.02.01.02.09 Milk

04.02.05.06.02 A lbepberd: hierdeman, IOcereq, sciaphyrde .A lbepberd's boy: hierdecnapa .A sbepbercl's bq: hierdebelig° 04.02.05.06.02.01 A 1be epfold: &>wde, &>westre, loc, daphlm0 , sceapwrc0 .A hurdle: locbyrdcl0 .A lbeep 1bed: sc!apbeorden°' .To make a fold: faldian° 04.02.05.06.02.02 Dip, wublna-place: schpwesce, wescingq 04.02.05.06.02.03 Sbeep-lbearina: .To sbair sbecp: scieran .To fleece, pluck olrwool: pullian

~

scearu

04.02.05.06.03 A 1oatbercl: githyrde 04.02.05.06.03.01 A bowe'pea for aoaa: gila hiis, gila toe 04.02.05.06.04 A swineherd: swin, swrnhyrde°' .Of a lord: inswin° .Payina rent in kind: gafolswin .Chattel oa an f:ltate: ehteswin 04.02.05.06.04.01 A plaery: hlOsstede .A plpty/pea: hlOse, suligQ, swinhaga ..A plpty/puturi.Da for pip: swrna sceadu .A fence to eadoee pip: swinhege 04.02.05.06.05 Studlllenl of bones: stOd 218

04.02.05.06.05.03.04 Saddle 04.02.05.06.05.01 Care of lllones: borsweard" .A p-oom, oder: borscnibt°, borshierdel, borsl>egn. borswealh .A male-keeper. mnlhyrde0 04.02.05.06.05.ol A plldclock: st6dfald 04.02.05.06.05.02.01 A stable: horsem' .To stable: gestzllan° 04.02.05.06.05.03 Harnea, trapplnp: gebttte(l), gearwe, gentde, sadolfaet°, sadolgearwe0 , ~ .Ra1uc1sed, caparisoned: gentdod ..Unha• iH 11ed: ungentdod .To bridle and saddle: (ge)betan 04.02.05.06.05.03.01 Briclklbalterlcarblmume: bitoJI, bridel(s), aefesterl, aeft, cima0 , haelfterl, (ge)weald .Bridle ornaments: bridelgym0 1, bridelhyrstq ..Brielle ring: bridelshring°P ..Ornamented cheek: fetedbl&>r0 P .To bridlelbalter: gebridlian .Bridled, muzzled: gemfdlod ..Unbridled: ungemfdlod 04.02.05.06.05.03.02 A bit: mfdl .Brialh• witb pobats: cenep Jlia& of a bit: midlhring°I 04.02.05.06.05.03.03 Reins: bridell>wangu°', healslel>er°' .A nin: sil, (ge)wealdlel>er ..A .....,. . nin: litteab 04.02.05.06.05.03.04 Saddle: sadol .Sllddle-bow: sadolbogal .Pommel: sadolfelgl .Pack-saddle: seamsadol°' .8addle of a war-hone: hildesett0 P .To saddle: (ge)sadelian .Saddled: gesadelod ..HaYina a splendid addle: sadolbeorht0 P ..Umcldled: nacod, un(ge)sadelod 219

04.02.05.06.05.03.05 A girth 04.02.05.06.05.03.05 A girth: )>canngyrd°S 04.02.05.06.05.03.06 A martinplt/fore-pnue: forpgyrd' .Ornaments on the martingale: fort>gegyrdu0 S 04.02.05.06.05.03.07 A tall-barnealcrupper: aeftemi:p( e)S 04.02.05.06.05.03.08 A stinup: f0tbrcd0 S, stigripi 04.02.05.06.05.03.09 A spur: spura .A spar-strap: spurleJ>er°' 04.02.05.06.05.03.10 A curry-comb: horscamb. screpui 04.02.05.06.06 An attendant on clop: hundwealh0 S .A dog-collar. hoppe0 04.02.05.06.07 A &sh-pond: fischiis0 s, fiscpol, fiscwell(e) .A bl eedlng pool: tWllp61 04.02.05.06.08 A bee-keeper: beoceor1°, beocere 04.02.05.06.08.01 A beehive: hyf, ymbhaga0 .Opt-nin1 in: teol}>yrel' .A Rump containing a swarm: ymbstocc0 04.02.05.06.09 An enclosure for wild animals~ deorfald .A bind-fold: hindfald .A deer fence: deorhege, rihhege 04.03 Hunting, the chase: hunt(n)ol>Jhuntnold. huntung, waJ> .A hunting expedition: hunta)>faru .A hunter, huntsman: dn!fend, hunta, huntereq ..Female: hunticge0 , huntigystreq .To chase, hunt, drive: be~. (ge)drifan, Chtan, geftleman, huntaJ> don, (ge)huntian, to huntian, wteJ>an ..To worry, set dogs on: btetan, sltetan° .To take, catch: (ge)fOn, gegrfpan, gelaeccan, (ge)niman .What is hunted/taken, pme: hunt(n)aJ>, huntung .A hunting spear: huntigspere0 S, lutegirq ..A boar-spear: birsperc, birspreot'l, eoforsperc0 S, eoforsprCot, J>eox0 s 220

04.03.05 Fishing .Game-protection: deorfriJ>0

See 04.01.02.01.02.04 Game 04.03.01 Tracking: spor .A tracker: spyremann° .To track, pursue: (ge)spyrian, spyrian zfter .A stag-hunter: heahdeorhunta0 .A hunting-dog: hund, wzlhwelp0 P ..A stagbound: heahdeorhund, hrinhund ..A greyhound: grighund ..A mastiff: roJ>hundg, ryJ>l>a ..A setter: rzccg .A n!indeer as decoy: st&lhrin° 04.03.02 A snare, trap, noose: feall~. (ge}grin, nettrapg, sida, sneare, geswic, treppe0 g, ~lmal!, wealt~. w0ci(g~ .Bait: 1ts .A hook: hOc .To set (a snare, trap): gerenian .To entrap, snare: begrynian°i, betreppan°, gripan .A pit for trapping wolves: wulfpytt, wulfseap 04.03.03 Net, drag-net, hunting net: deomettg, drzg~. drzgnetg, fengnett0 P. nett, wadu0 g .To spread, set (a net): teldian .To catch, entangle, net: gadrian, genettiang 04.03.04 Fowling: fugel(n)oJ>, fuglun~ .A fowler: fugelbana0 P, fuglere .To fowl, hunt birds: fuglian .To ensnare, decoy: beswican .A bird-net: fugelnet0 g ..A pole for spreading bird-nets: fugeltreowg .Birdlime, bird snare: crammingpohha0 , fugelli~. lim, mistellam0 g .A clearing for catching woodcock: coccscieteq, cocrodu .Hawking: hafocung° ..A hawker: hafocere .To feed hawks: leppan°P 04.03.05 Fishing: fisc(n)oJ> .A flshennan: fiscere 221

04.04 Weaving .To ftsb: fiscian .A catch offtsb: fisc(n)ol> .A rod. reed as rod: hreodgyrd0 S

.Bait: its, angeltwicce .A book: angel, h0c .A net: fiscnett ..For seafaring: sl!net, scgne ..An eel net: l!lnet° .Basket-snare: bogenettS, cupc0 cytwcr, leap, sprincc)S .A fish weir: fiscwer, hzc(c), mylengcar I

.Herring season: hl!ringtima0 .seasonable for shad: sce.addgengeq

•Whalin&: hwzlhuntat>0 ..A whale-fisber: hwzlhunta

04.04 Weavina: wcbbgeweorc, wefungs, weofung°S, gewyndeS, wyndecra:ftS .Skill in weaving: towcrzft0 .Of/concerning weaving: towlicS .To weave: awefan, sce.acan, (ge)wefan .Toh the weft, begin the weave: (ge)hefeldianS .A weaver: webba, webwyrhta -(Of damask worker) town worker: ~tcrwyrhtaS -Of fine doth: godwebwyrhta0 -Female: crcnccstrc0 , wcbbcstrc0 S .Of/concerning a weaver: weblicS

04.04.01 Fulling: wealcq .A fuller: ifulliend0 S, fullere, fulwa, spumere0 , wealcere0 S .A comb (for wool, etc.): bannuccamb0 S, camb, wullcamb0 .To comb (wool, etc.): ccmban .To pluck. tease (wool): (ge)tZsan 04.04.02 A bleaching-pit: bhtcpytt 04.04.03 A spinning-house or chamber: towhus0 S .To spin: aspinnans, nestanS, (ge)spinnan .A wool-maker: wulltewcstrcS .A spindle: inspinns, spinet -The whorl of a spindle: hwcorfaS .A reel, yam-winder. geamwinde .A reel (for cotton): hreol 222

04.04.05 Woven material, fabric .A weaver's comb: ftae1>ec3mb01, webhOc& .Cnnk: crancsuef'O .A distaff: dimer•, wullmod' .A weaver's beam or pole: cipp, lorg, Qmal, webbeam', websoeaft"& .Sbatde: hefeJgyrd&, hrisel ..?Shuttle: sceat>el0 , weft .Reed, slay: Im, steal, siege, stodla0 ..?Reed, slay: sce.at>el0 , webhOc' .Treadle of a loom: medema0 &, webbl-am .Put of a loom: pihten .Otber weavina Implements: s&msticca0 , ur:bere0 &, timple0 , towtol 0 ,

webgeret>ru', webgerod°' •'fA workbollltow-cbut: towmyderce0 04.04.04 A thread (of wool, etc.), ftbre: l>n!d, webtiwa0 • .Thread (forwea..tna): hefeJdl, hefell>n!d, webteag0 1 ..A ball of thread or yUD: clywen ..Tbe amount of thread on a spindle: spinet ..Material for splnnlna: towlic weorc .YUD, span wool: geam' .Not wonnd: unwunden geam&

.Rolled back, unrolled, unwound: gewunden .Twice-spun: twfspunnen° .Gold-thread: goldl>'*n1en°', l>rili(g)

223

04.04.05.01 Coarse, rough (of cloth) .Woven: gclocen .Handwoven: handgcwripcn°P .Broken-twill: twflibroccn° .Thin-woven: J>ynwcfcn°! .Thick, dose textured: J>iccc 04.04.05.01 Coarse, rough (of dotb): riih, ungerydelic .Coarseness or material: grCat.ncs .Coarse dotb: tysse°C

..S.ckdotb, nckln1: cilic0 ! , here, szcc 04.04.05.02 Felt: felt 04.04.05.03 Woollen stuff: wyllen .Woollen,orwool: wyllen 04.04.05.04 Linen, linen doth: Jin, lincnhrzgl, scyte, twin .Linen, made or linen: linen, twinen! ..Made or 8ne linen: sindonisc0 04.04.05.05 F1ne woven material from silk, cotton or linen: godwebb .Of silk or cotton: godwcbb(en) .Silk textile: scolc, side .Made of silk: scolccn, siden ..All-silk cloth: ealgodwcb0 ! -Entirely made of silk: ealgodwebben°!, eallscolcen! .Costly material: pzll, purpurc .Purple, costly (of material): godwebb(cn), pzllen .Woven with gold: goldgcwcfcnog .From Tyre: tirisc 04.04.05.06 To sew, stitch: aseowan, seowan .To sew together, sew up: beseowian, (gc)siwian .A $Nm: custurc0 !, seam .A tailor: seamcrc, seamcstrc ..A sempstress: seamcstre

-Tailor's shean: hrzglsc&J'tl .A needle: n&dl -Sewed, patched, stitched: gcs!owod, gesiwed .8eamless: unurwod0 .To sew together, repair: (ge)treagian

224

04.04.07 Trappings, equipment, garb

.Patched, repaired: geclutod, getreagod .A patch, remnant,dout: ~. cli&>ftyhte°K, cliit. f0gcli&>°K, ftyhteK, ftyhtecllJ>K. scyp 04.04.05.07 Embroidery: bl&>cr11eftog, borda, byrding°K, fetJercr11eft°K, feJ>ergewcorc°K .An embroiderer: byrdestreog, byrdicge°K .To bedeck, embroider around: ymbczfian°s .To Ol"DIUDeat, decorate: becllefian°K 04.04.06 Undressed condition (of bide): hreawnesK .Raw, undrused: grene, hreaw, riih .Tanned: getanncdK .A banner: lel>ef'wyrhta&, tannere ..A leather-worker: scohwyrhta .(Of skin) reddened: rCadlescK .Made of various kinds of skins: brocccn°K, deorfellen°K, gzten, griscinnen°, merj>ern°, yteren° See 02.06.01 .06 Slcin, hide 04.04.07 Trappings, . equipment, garb: gearwe, hyrst, gerzde •Clothing, garments, clrea: (ge)gierela, h11eteru, hfllegl, hr11eglgewii:deog, hflleglung, limwzde0 P, reaf, sceorp, gescierpla. scriid, scriidwaru, wred, gewitde ..A trunk, clothes-box: hflleglcyst° .A covering, garment, wrap: oferhelungK, swl!pels(e) .A garment: cli&>, {ge)gierela, hflleg), reaf, gerifOK, scCat, scora°K, scriid, wl!d, gewl!de ..A garment, veil, mande: orel ..A light, floating garment, wrap, veil: wealca ..A waap, swathe: swetJel, gewind .Ready, armed, clothed: gearo, gegerwcd, gegirwed, gegier(e)ladK, gewered in/mid .(Of loins) girt, girded up: begyrd .Of/concerning clothes: gegierelicog .To drea, clothe, equip, arm: (ge)gearwian, gegirwan, gewzdian .To clothe, provide with clothes: rCafian, scrydan, ymbsellan .To clothe, dress: bescrydan, gecli&>ian, oferwreon, ongierwan, (ge)scierpan, gescrydan (mid), gewedian, werian, (ge)wreon, ymbgearwian°K, ymbscrydan 225

04.04.07.01 Mode of dressing, fashion .To clnss, attire, deck: gefractwian, ymbh6n .To clothe, mwrap, wrap round: bewefan, bewr&>n, ymbwefanll .To wrap up, cover up, dotbe: beswipan, forhelian, wefan° .To roll up, muftle up, envelop: wealcian, ymbswipan .To cover, veil: behylian .To gird about, put a girdle round: ymbgyrdan .To put on (dotbes): d6n on, gegierwan, hon, ond6n, scrydan, tyslian .To slip (dothes) on: slefan .To gird (oneself), clothe: begyrdan, (ge)gyrdan .To wear (clothes, armour, etc.): beran, wegan, werian .To wear (clothes): brfican .(Of fetten, conelet, etc.) to Ue oa, about: licgan on/ymbe .To slip (onlofl'): slypan .To take olf, andotbe: iwindan of, don of, gearwian, gierwan, ofdon,

ongierwan, ongyrdan, onscrydan

04.04.07.01 Mode of dresslna, fashion: tyslung0 .Fine clothing: ngelgefractwodnes0 ..A splendid garment: fell, godwebb, pallium, purpure .A garment of varied hues: lipgeJ°K .Garb of glory (of angel's radiance): wuldorhamaP .Royal robes: cynegewzdu0 ..A royal robe: cynegierela, cynereaf .Triumphal apparel: sigesceorp0 P ..A triumphal robe: sigereaf0 1 .Linen garment: linwltd ..Clad in linen: 1Tneweard0 .Ootbed in a toga: getunecod .Ordinary clothing (not vestmmts): werreaf, woruldgyrla0 •Women's clothing: withnegel 0 , wifscriid ..Harlot's dress: forlrsglengll .Swadclling-dotbes: cildclij>as .soldier's garment: gewZde .Sheltering robe, protecting garment: hleosceorp0 P .Flnt garment (offigleaves in Eden): frumru'&g) 0 P .A sackcloth/penitential garment: cilicOI, biere, secc, wtlehrzg1°P .Long, flowing (of clothes, hair, etc.): sTd .Baggy, loose (of dotbing): pohhede0 .Girt back (ofa garment): ofergyrd°' .Wrongly dnsaed, improperly dad: misscryden

226

04.04.07.07 A long outer garment. covering, cloak, etc. •(Of dot•a) pl•ln, worn, mean: unomlic° .Poorly dad~ wanscrjd° ,(Of manner clothed) roucblY: ungerydelrce

See 16.02.05.06/f Religious garb

04.04.07.02 Not cbc11ed, andotbed: ber, ungegearwod°', ungegerad°&, unscirpedoS, unw~' 04.04.07.02.01 Nutdncu: na:cednes. n2Ced(u) .Bare: ewitdeoS. ber, nacod. unbehelod, unscrydd ..Half-naked: healfnacod0 ..Stark-naked: eallnacod0 P, limnacod°P 04.04.07.03 Part of prment: .Neck ofa hlnlc: hWodsma:l&, healsed0 &, healseta .Collar: wri~a .A sleeve: earmella. eannslrfeoS, eannstoc0 , slrefe .Catr, sleeve: handstoc ..Furnished with sleeves: geslefed°& ..sleeveless: slrefteas .Waistband: underwn!del°' .A skirt (of a prment): leppa ..With two lappets or skirtl: twflepped0 & •Train of a dras: hopsteort°' 04.04.07.04 An underprment: ham, underhwt""tel 0 & •With short sleeves: heme~ .An undenbirt: undersyrc°' 04.04.07.05 Niaht-wear. nihtwaru0 & 04.04.07.06 White dothlna: hwn 04.04.07.07 A long outer prment, covering, cloak, etc.: wl!fels .(Of prments) outer: uferra .Racbing to the feet: mtsrd' .Reaching to the lolm: lendensid°' .An overprment: oferslop, oferslype ..An overprment, rocbet: rocc

227

lo~ pad'. stole,

04.04.07.08 A shon garment, skirt, kirtJc ..A doak, mande: basing, branog, hacelc, hrycghregl0 , laccn°g, mcntcl,

ofcrlaguog, rift, scicccl(s) ..A mantle, doak, cape: sciccing&, sculdorhreglog ..A kind of cloak or pall: godwcbbcyn° ..A silk robe, cloak: pell ..A coarse doak: frenccog ..A coat that bas been worn: broccn cyrtcl "(Of a cloak) ?flared: gcftcrod0 g .A warm fur garment: pylccc ..A fur coat: cr\iscnc "A mantle made of goat's skin: hrel>aS .A costly robe: godwcbgyrla0 .A robe of fine material circular in form: hweolgodwcb0 g .A circular cope: hoppadaog, ofcrscrud0 g .A short cloak, scapulary: scapularc .A thick upper ga1 mait ot coane material: hcdctij>0 .A hood, cape: ofcrhacelc0 See 17.04.04.02 Skin, hide

04.04.07.08 A short garment, skirt, kirtle: scyrtc0 & •Tunic, coat, gown (for men or women): cyrtcl, tunccc .A shirt, shift, smock, tunic: scrc(c) •.A smock, shift: smoc' ..A shirt: ccmcs .Chest-clothing: bl'Wstrocc0 & .A stomacher: breostlin°g .An apron: bcarmclij>0 g, bcanJihragl0 g 04.04.07.09 Breeches: braccas, brzccc', brec, brechrzgl0 P, strapulas0 &, witdbrec .Hose, leg-covering: broc, hosu .A leather gaiter: lcJ>crhosu .A garter, •nldet, leg-clothing: scancgcgircla0 & ..A garter: hoscbcndg, scancbcnd°', wining 04.04.07.10 A veil: heafodgcwltdc, wrigcls .For women, possibly religious: hiligryft 04.04.07.11 A headcloth, covering for the head: cufficq, heafodclal>. heafodhrzgl, hcaJscd, hiifc', snOd .To put a covering on the head: (ge)hiifian

228

04.04.07.1.S Footwear, covering for the feet .A hood: cufel, hOd, snOd .A cap, hood: ceppe .A bat, bead-covering: b&t .A woman's hood or headdrea: scyfel(e)' .A wimple (for women): wimpell .A ftllet, headband: binde, lofOS, nostle, snOd, l>wt!lel, wrt!d, wril>els0 ' ..A balMI for the hair: feaxclll>°' .A hair-net: feaxnett'

04.04.07.12 A collar, neck-doth: sweorc1ap0 1 .A collar or neddace: sweort!ag& .A tippet: taepped -HaYins one side roap: lnhealfiilb0 1 04.04.07.13 A girdle, belt: belt. gyrdel(s) .Belted: (ge)gyrd(ed) •To gird (somethln1 over some part): gyrdan 04.04.07.14 A &love: glof .Thumb (ota &love): l>Ymel .Gloved: geglofed0 .Provision of &loves: glofung° 04.04.07.15 Footwear, coveriq for the feet: fOtgewZde .A shoe, sandal, foot-covering: celesoC, calCO, celis0 , JllCo, sc(>h, SOIUog ..A pair of shoes: gescy ..Shoe or sandal of undressed bide: hemming°', rifeling°' ..A dipper: slefescoh°'. slypescoh°', socc, staeppesci)bl, swifilere ..A shoelace, bootlace: scohl>wang, 1>wang Shod. furnished with shoes: gescOd -(Of the Israelites) dry-shod: dryg~ .Umbod, without shoes: unscOd ..Barefoot: bzrf'Ot .To put on (one's) shoes: (ge)scogan -To put on one's shoes apln: eft sc!ogian ..A sipal for puttin1 on shoes: sc6cnyll0 .To take off• shoe: onscogan, unscogan .To provide with shoes: geseogan, gestjgean° ..Provision of shoes: scoung° .A shoemaker: cordewlnere0 , lestwyrbta', scOerel, scohwyrbta, siitere •? A last, boot: leste0 ' 229

04.04.08 A covering, cunain, veil, garment. etc. .A shoe-nail: sc0hneglS .Patcbed, clouted (of shoes): behammen°, gehammen° .A sboe-deaner: 5COhJ>Cn°S .Shoe-polish: gedreog

04.04.08 A coveriq, curtain, veil, garmeat, etc.: oferbntdels .A blanket, cloak, m•ntle, .,.., etc.: hr&gl. hwilel, reowe, rilwa. cyheS .A veil, covering: heolstor, ryft, segl ..To keep off the sun: sunsceadu0 S .Covering, doth, sheet, napkin: cl&l>. sceat, sc!ala, sciete ..For a seat: sethra:gl ..For a table: beodclil>0 , beodhr&gl 0 S, beodreaf0 , bCodsceat°8, beodscfte0 S, bordclij>S 04.04.08.01 Curtain, wall-hanging, etc.: bnrreaf0 , godwebb, beallreaf0 , heallwibrift, pell, rift, wigbregl, wigrift .Pullable curtains: scufhracgl0 04.04.08.02 Figured doth, tapatay, carpet: tepped/teppet .Tapestry: webb .A mat: meatte 04.04.08.03 A fly-net, mosquito-net: fteogryftS, fteohnet, mycgnet0 S, nett 04.04.09 A fringe, border, hem: fes, (ge)fned, fnes .An ornamental border, fringe, hem, edging: borda. hem, listeS, stefning, l>n!ss, url0 S, wloh ..A band, ribbon, tape: teppe0 S ..?A tassel: toppa0 S .Having a fringe or border: bebyrded0 S, geberbed0 S, bestefnod0 S, gebyrdedS, (ge)stefnedS, ymbl~rgodS .(Of dns.t) with cin:ular border or decoration: hweolflg°S .?With key decoration: aczglod0 04.04.10 Ornaments, trappings, accoutrements: geatwe, ger~de .An ornament or jewel that ls worn: gegierela. sigil .Wearing an ornament: bulberendeoS •.Ado1ned with gold: goldhladen°P, goldbrodenP ...Brave with gold: goldwlancP .A band, chaplet, crown, omameat, ribbon: bend ..A hair ornament: cefing', feaxpreonoS, heafodfrztenness, iiplegen8 230

04.0S Building, construction .A drdet: clywen, hoppe .A prland: cynehelm

See 04.02.05.06.05.03 Harness; 17.02.05.01 Ornament 04.04.10.01 A ring (for fln&er, 111'111, neck): bring .A necklace, collar, onuament, jewel: mene .A moon-shaped ornament: hlif'OC, menescilling°g, scilling .A torque, collar, necklace: beag, bOJoS, halswurping0 P, healsbeagP, bcalsbeorggoldg, bcalsmyne, healswri)>a0 P, sll, sigle, sweorbeag, sweorracenteh0 g .A breat-onuament: breostweorpung°P .A dup: spennels°g .A ba a.:elet, armlet: beag, beagwril>a0 P, eannbeag, eanngegirela0 g, eannhrCadop

.Adoaawd with rinp or armlets: beaghrodenP .A cosdy ring, ring given u honour: hringweort>ung°P .A betrothal ring: bring .An ear-ring: car(h)ring, mpreon', carspinl0 g See 17.04.03.04 Gems 04.04.10.02 A button, brooch: cncpp .A clasp, pin, brooch: bul(a)I, dale, preon, sigil .A mande-pln, brooch: mentelpreon° .A buckle: clof~, fifeleog ..A buckle, clasp: hringe, oferfengg, (ge)span ..A glnlle-budle: gyrdel(s)hrin~ •

04.05 Bolldlng, construction: timber, getimbre .First bulldfng: frumgeweorc .To found, build,establkb: istemnian°, gegryndan, (ge)settan, gestaJ>olian, (ge)timbr(i)an .A buiJdlng, edi8ce, structure: timber, getimbre, (ge)timbrung ..A wooden structure: tr&>wgeweorc0 -To raise, erect: iipt'Cgan° .To C'ONltruct, bolld: ihebban, ilecgan, ireran, isettan, ltimbr(i)an, betimbran°P, byldan, (ge)bytl(i)an, ofergetimbran°, oferwyrcan, ongetimbran, reran, (ge)settan, (ge)staJ>olian, (ge)stq>an, (ge)timbr(i)an, (ge)wyrcan -To heap up, bulld: hladan -Ralwd, ereded: lntred 231

04.05.01 Building materials MTo build on a 8rm foundation: gcgrundstapelian° MTo comtnJct using nalh: geneglian MTo constnact strongly: (ge)trymman MTo use as a building material, build with: getimbr(i)an .A builder, constructor: byldalbytlaP, cra:ftiga, timbr(i)end ..A builder of churches: ciricwyrhta0 MCburch building: mynstertimbrung° MCastle-building: castelweorc See 04.02.05.03 ff Buildings for animals; 17.02.04 Trade 04.05.01 BuDdina materials: See 17.02.04.02 Use of tools

04.05.01.01 Muoary, building in stone: stlngefOg°P, stlngetimbre0 S, stln(ge)weorc, weall(ge)weorc .Bulldlng with loose stones: stinlesung°S .Stone for building: gef0gstln°, hiewestln°, stin, weallstinP, weorcstin ..A piece of stone: stlnbryce0 S ..Built of stone: stttnen .Act of hewing, forming: hiewet •To cut, hew stone: snlldan, (ge)snJl>an .A mason: stinwyrhta8, weallwyrhta ..A skilled mason: stlncra:ftiga0 See 01.01.02.02.01 Rock, stone 04.05.01.02 Timber for buildfna: b0htimber0 , boldgetimber/bolttimber, wudu •Wooden, made of wood: treowen ..Made of boxwood: byxen' 04.05.01.02.01 Boanllng, planking, 8oor: .A board, plank: bord, bred, ~l M 1be edge of a plank: bordrima' .Joining of boards: treowlcging°S .Made of boards/planks: breden .(Of wood) cut, hewn: iheawen .To plank, board over: ~ilian

~iling

04.05.01.02.02 A shingle: scindel0 , scingaJ 0 S 04.05.01.02.03 Wattle: watel

232

04.05.01.05 Briclanaking 04.05.01.02.04 Made of nJShes: riscen 04.05.01.02.05 A hurdle: hyrdel, hurf>q, windung°S .A hurdle (In sheepfold): lochyrdel0 04.05.01.02.06 A log, mire, etc.: staca, stapel(a), steng, tin, telga. treow, ~isl .Stake •wd for fastmlna: staca, steng .A log supporting a dike: dicsticce0 .Made of lop: stoccen 04.05.01.02.07 A fence, bed1e: geard, glind°, haga, hecg(e), pearrocl-ucs .Of a field: eecerhcge, ecertYning° .A bonier fence: mzrgeard0 , gemerhaga. ou!rhege .Fence of a walled raiclence: burghege0 .A fence of fem: feamhege .A fence offune: fyrsn!w 0 .Wooden paling: brcdweall, scidweaJJ0 S .A fence (of nails?): hzcce ..A batch-pte: hzcgeat

..Without a feacelbatcb: hllcccclcas0 .A wire fence: eodorwrrq .A barrier: hramaq .Bar to stop opmin1 In fence: hegsuefOS .To hedge, fence, enclose: behegian°, betynan, (ge)cynan .To stake out: idrifan .To drive (a stake): (ge)slean •

04.05.01.03 Gypenm, chalk: spaerstinS .Plaster, cement: cealc, clam, lim, stinlim°', weallim0 ..Act of plastering, cementing: Ifming' ..Made of pluter/mortar: sperens ..Half·plastered/-finished: healfch!med° .To caulk: (ge)chtman

.To plaster up: forclemanS 04.05.01.04 A tile, brick: bryce, limsceallS, tigel(e), tigelstin°S, ~bryceq .A roof-tile: hrOftigels, ~aectigileq .A tiler (roofing hOUTes): hrOfwyrhtaS 04.05.01.05 Brickmakin1: tigelgeweorc .A brick-field: tigellbh0

233

04.05.02 A building, edifice, structure .A brick/tile-maker: tigelwyrbta, tiglere0 .A quantity of tiles: tigelgetel0

04.05.02 A ballding, edifice, stnicture: (ge)bytlung, bus, gerene, tra:f P .Buildings: boldgetimbru, gebytlu • .A stone stnlc:ture: stanblil>", stlnweorc, stinwyrht& ..A stone building: st!nhof0 P .An ancient building: iersceaft"P, iergeweorcP, fyrngeweorcP .A lofty building: heahtimber 0 P ..High buildinp: heahgetimbruP ..High-built: heahgetimbrad°P "Three-storied: ~n11ere 0

..Five-storied: tifflere0

See 16.02.05ff Church buildings; 17.05.02 Hearth

04.05.02.01 A f01•Nlation: grund, grundweall, staJ>ol, weallsteall 0 P .Foundation of 'burg' wall: borgsteall', burhstaJ>ol 0 .A foundation stone: grundstin&, hwamstin°& ..A corneNtoae, keystone: hyrnstln .To support a foundation: onfOn 04.05.02.02 A wall: miir 0 P, wag, weall .A stone wall: stingaderungl, stlnhege°', stinweall .A north wall: norf>weall .A south wall: sii~wig, sll~weall .Building of a wall: weall(ge)weorc .Wall-panelling: wig~yling &, weallwala0 P See 05.10.05.04.15.02 Wall 0

0

04.05.02.03 An arch, vault: bfgels, boga .An uda of red stone: teaforgeapa0 P 04.05.02.04 A coJumn, pillar: columne, post, stapol, supere°K, stod°K, studu, sweor, syl · .Pillar acting as prop/stay: stu~ansceaft, syll, wrz~studu, wraj>u .?A protecting pUlar: werbeam0 P .A standing stone: slinrocc' .A stone drde: hringstlnq ..Stonehenge: st!nhengeq 04.05.02.05 A pedestal, socket: cimbstin°', fOtstin, st&pe 234

04.05.02.10 Flooring, a floor 04.05.02.06 A buttaea1, support: cantcl0 , fcorstu1>u, slypncsn°' .To support/prop: wreJ>ian 04.05.02.07 A bnm, rafter: lens, nefter, ncsns, tinnS, treow 04.05.02.08 Top of a building: heafod .Roof-top: hrycg .Roof: hrof, hrostaca. t>ec. }>ecen -RJdge-pole: first -A roof-stone: hrofstin° ..81abs for roofing: tigel(e) -A roof-tile: 1>ectigileq -Woodwork of a roof: hrosthf.ag°P -A plank for roofing: bord)>acaS, hroftimberoS •To roof (over): (ge)hr!fan, oferhrffan .Ha.tag a ftrm roof: hroffest°P .Concave, arched: hot ..Having a concave roof/dome: sinewealt ..Broad between the pbles: homg!apl' .Rootless: hrofteas, unoferhr!fed .A pinnacle, gable: horn, hompJcS, scylf -Win& of the gables: hornschl>0 s -Wealth of plnmdes: homgestm>n°P .Eaves: efes -Overhang of eaves: yfesdrop0 04.05.02.08.01 Thatch: fennl>ec°', l>zc, t>ecen, watcl .To thatch: )>acian° 04.05.02.08.02 A ...Ulng, Inner roof: first, firsthrofoS, hcofonhrOfq, hcofonbQs0 &, h0shefen°s .A mpentructure: ofer(ge)wcorc 04.05.02.09 A storey: ftering .An upper storey/room: iipft!ring, lipftor(e) .A lower storey/room: nil>erff Ore 04.05.02.10 flooring, a Boor: burhJ>elu0 P, ftettpel>0 P, l>ille8 .Of an upper Boor: Opftering .A rahed platform: solor, yppe .A shelf, ledge, ftoor: sci}fe0 P 235

04.05.02.11 A staircase

.The ground, a 8oor/pavemmt: ftett. ft6r ..Jiloor stone, paving stone: ftorstlnoS, stinftor 0 & ..Coloured stonework: bleostteningoS ..Stone-paved: st1nf1hP

04.05.02.11 A staln:ue: hlteder, stteger .A step, tread: sta:pe, trcdel .Step, stair (to dais): gang •?Stain to a house: stapol 04.05.02.12 Gak/doorway of a bulldlng: dor, duru, geat, port, wlgi>er1°& .A door: duru, gedyre, muJ>a ..A large door: dor ..A north-door: norpduru ..A south-door: suJ>duru ..A door in a wall: wealldor 0 P ..A lattice-work door: hlinduruP ..A folding-door: durhere& .A door-post: durstodloS, durustodoS, gedyre .A lintel: ofer(ge)dyre, oferslege .Door of a treasure-chamber: hordgeat0 P .A door-fastening: sAI ..A hinge/door-fastening: heorre

See 05.10.05.04.14.02 Opening; 17.03.10.01 Bolt, lock 04.05.02.12.01 A porch, covered entrance: inburh, portic, selde0 & .A south-porcll: sQJ>portic .A north·pordl: nort>portic 04.05.02.12.02 A vestibule, entrance, courtyard: cafertiln, foreburh, foreduru&, foredyre&, forehus0 , forestig(e)&, foretige0 &, forJ>tige&, infrer, infa:reld, ingang, insta:pe0 , getyne0 P, J>erscold, wictilnP .A castle yard: burhgeard0 04.05.02.13 A window-space: J>yrel .A window: eagduru, eagJ>yrel, fenester, teolJ>yrel& .Lattice: crypeJasoS 04.05.03 A dwelling-place, abode, habitation: burgst.edeP, card, eardstede0 P, eardung, eardungstow, eardwicP, ij>elstowP, folcst.edeP, geard, geardungl, geardungstow, him. himsteall, himstede, herewic, 236

04.05.03.02 A human habitation sele, selegesceot, selescotl, gestealdP, stocwic0 , geteldung', tiin, wiceard°P, wicstedeP, wicstOw, wunung, wunungstOw .A dwelling, babitadoa: gebDnnes, innung, onwunung, wicung°I, wunenes .A dwelling, abode, house, home: him, hof, hiis, geset, setl, wrc .A habitation, dwelling, building: a:m, bold, bii, byht, byldq, ftett .A built-up place, house, group of houses: stow ..A collection of bulldinp: bol>ltilnq .A habitation, dweJlin1-bouse: eard&mq, eardunghiis, sa:lt>0 P .Permanent lod&fnpldweJHng: giesthils See 04.02 Farm; 12.06.03 Settlement

04.05.03.01 Habitadoa, sojourn: eardbegengnes', inlendiscnes', inwunung°, onwrecscip°', wrecscip0 1 .Sharing of a dwelling-place: samodeard0 P, samodwunung0 .Dwelling in the neighbourhood: ymbeardung0 1 .(Of a place) habitable: eardiendlic0 .(Of land, territory) inhabited: byne, geseten .That Inhabits, dwells: woruldwuniendeP .settled (in respect of domidle): eardfa:st, liffa:st ..Living around: ymbeardiendel ..Living among tbe people: dryhtwuniende0 P .An Inhabitant, resident: bigenga, biiend, eardbegengal, eardiend, inbilend, oneardiend, tiingebilrl, weartere0 , wunigend .To dwell in, live in, Inhabit: (ge)bilan (inion), biigian, (ge)eardian (in/on), geondeardian°1, (ge)inbiian, ineardian', oneardian, onwunian ••To Uve, stay, abide (in a place): dwellan, (ge)sittan, t>urhwunian, (ge)wunian -To take up one's abode, reside, dwell: eftsittan°', (ge)libban, (ge)wician, wicnian -To occupy, live in (place, seat, etc.): geignian, isittan on, begin, onsittan, gesittan, weardian 04.05.03.02 A human habitation: burgsa:JP, tiin .A small habltadon: tiinincel' .A bousebold: himwerod0 -The residence of. bousebold: hired -A bousebolder: bOnda, strwitaP

See 12.06.03 Settlement 237

04.05.03.02.01 A building, house, ball, palace, etc. 04.05.03.02.01 A balldt"I, house, hall, palace, etc.: folcsel0 P, foldbold0 P. reced, sa:I, sele, solor, stoc° .A dwelling-home, home: heart>. hilsaem, hQswist°', dte, j>eceo •Tbe site of a house: hCisstede .To found (a bouse): gegryndanq .Housing, shelter afforded by a home: hiishleow .To house, shelter: hiisian .Occupying a bousdhome: boldigendeP, himfest, himsittende, hiisfest0 .Bomelea: himleas0 P .Homeward (aj): himweard .At home: et him, et hiis .Homewards: him, himweardes .To establish in a home: (ge)himettan, gehimian°

04.05.03.02.02 Types of dwelling: .A small home: hiisincelB, hyscenq .A summer-house: sumorbiis0 , sumorselde0 B .A winter-house: winterhQs0 .An enclosed dwelling: haga, portic .A walled dwelling: burg .A detached/remote dwelling: sundorwic0 .A windy ball: windseJeP ..A windy/delated ball: windgereste0 P See 02.06.01.081.Air. den 04.05.03.02.02.01 Dwellinp in particular places: .A dty-dwelling: burgrececi°P, ceasterhof0 P ..A castle-ball, dty-dwelling: burgseJe0 P .A hill dwelling: beorgsej>eJ0 P .A dwelling in the woods: heargeard0 P .?A border dwelling: mearchof0 P .A cave-dwelling, earth-house: eor1>feccd°P, eort>seJeP ..A cave, mound-dwelling: blew ..A dwelling-place, den: cleofa, scref ..A robber'• cave: g~f. t>Cofa cot, t>Cofdenn° .A lake-bottom dwelling: grundseleq See 01.01.02.0/.03.0J Cave 04.05.03.02.02.02 Apeeable dwelllnp: .A pleasant dwelHn1: willsele0 P

238

04.0S.03.02.02.07 A tower .A eeat otjoynwWom: gl&awst61°P .A beloved home: lufen .A woadroaa dwelllftl: wundorcardung°

04.05.03.02.02.03 Dfsa&• eeable dwelllnp: .Aa unfriendly/evil home: inwithrofOP .A hostile/battle ball: rul>seleop .A miserable dwelling: scra:f, eo~f .A dreary ball: dreorsele0 P .A home of carea: carseld°P

04.05.03.02.02.04 Foamer dwelllnp: fymgesetu0 P 04.05.03.02.02.05 A paternal dwelll1t1: fledergeard0 P, frumstol .A hereditary eeat: ~lstOIP, b&lfodbotl, yrfestOIP 04.05.03.02.02.06 A royal/noble pal11Ce: cynebotl, cynehof0 &, cynestol, cyningwi&P, palendselpalent(s)e, seld/setl, t>rYl>em0 P, l>fYl>gesteald0 P .A palace/mansion: bold, cafortiln, ealdorbold/ealdorbotl0 .A royal 11UU10r. cynehlm .A bejewelled ball, palace: gimreced0 P 04.05.03.02.02.06.01 A ball balldlng: heall, heallem0 P, heallrecedP .A rooted ball: hrofsele0 P .A ball with gables: homrcced"P, homsele0 P .A large room/peat ball: heall, ~lwig°P, stig .A courtJball: worp(ig) .A high ball: heahseleop .A hall where gifts, etc., are distributed: beagseleP, gifheall0 P, goldseleP, bringseleP, mAt>t>umsele0 P .A princely ball: dryhtseleP .A hall of warrion: giil>seleP .Woodwork of a ball: heallwudu0 P .Of/concemlng a ball: heallic', palentlic0 8, recedlic0 8 .With a 8nn root: hroffest°P .Adorned with pbles: bint'ig°P 04.05.03.02.02.07 A tower: strpel, torr, tiir .A stone tower: stintorr .A tower with a winding staln:a1e: windelstln°8 239

04.05.03.02.02.08 A lowly dwelling, cottage, but 04.05.03.02.02.08 A lowly dwelHn1, cottqe, hut: biir, cot(e), cotlif, cyie, hulc, scyr 0 8 , gesellq .Site or a coU•p: cotst6w .A hut on summer pasture: s, feltungrep, honJSCal>0 , scitereq, scnef, ~ 04.05.03.05.02 A privy: adela, earsgang, feltiin, for!>gang, gang, gangem', gangpytt0 , genge, gr!plgrype, grof, heolstor, utgang .8eat of• privy: gangsetl0 , gangstOl0 .Privy (baUdina, room): gangtiin°, nredhus0 04.05.03.05.03 Drainqe: soc0 .Drained (of a meadow): siht° 04.05.03.05.03.01 A ditch, dike: dfc, gl'Op°', scohtra. spaldq .A bounduy dike: ~rdrc, mearcdrc .A meadow dike: ga:rstundfc, ~ddft° .A manhy ditch: m0rseohtrc0 .A ditch near where sports held: plegdrc .A ditch about • stronghold: fa:stendrt° .A Naked up dike: wealldfc ..Bank of: drcwalu, dfcweall0 ...Breach in: drcsceard° .Boundary or end of ditch: dfcende, drcheafod0 .Fmce/enclosare by ditch: dfcha:g° See 17.02.04.02.02 Digging 04.05.04 Funllture, IDndsblnp: 04.05.04.01 A bc•h, seat: benc, bencl>eJP, formelle0 , hleda, scamol, sess, (ge)setl/seld .A drialdn&·hencb: ~op, ealubencP, medubencP .To furnish with bencba: bencian° 241

04.0S.04.02 A table .A stool, eeat: stol ..A foldina-stool: fyld(c)stol ..A footstool, foot-rat: fbtsceamo), fOtsetl, f0tspure0 -Covaecl with tapwlry: t&ppelbred'

04.05.04.02 A table: beod, bord, mese, J>iling, J>roc See 04.04.08 Tablecwth

04.05.04.03 A box, ca-, cbmt, container: box, czpse0 , castncrc0 , cist, earce, fet, fOdder, hwicce, press0 , tetlg .For predous thinp: scrfn .For aapents: scalfbox .A lodled depository: cegloca0 See 17.03.12 Receptacle 04.05.04.04 A ladder, Mt of steps: hll!dcr .A nma: hlederst&F, st&pe ..Furnished wltb mnp: hJlitdrcdeO 04.05.04.05 A bed, bedstaMI: bedd, bedding, bcddrest, bcddstow, song' .A bed-bad, place for heed: h&fod, h&fodstow 0 .A bed on the ground: corJ>rest' .A bed In a separate room: biirrcst0 .A bed In ball: ftctrest°P, selcrzst°P .A featbe~bed: fcJ>crbcdd', langbolstcr°' .A bed made of sacking: seccing° .A litter, pallet, couch, etc.: her, bcdbl!r', ferbcdd0 1 .A couch, bed: cribb, hlinbcd0 P, h0banca0 1, Jcger, nihtrest0 P, (gc)rest, restbcdd0 P, scalma. s~ncsl, streowcn ..A tridlnlum (three coucbes): biir J>rYbeddod .A cndle, cot: cilda trog, cildcradol, ciltrog°I, cradol 04.05.04.05.01 Bedding (e.g. of straw): bcdd, bcdstreaw, breding, streowncs0 , strewung .To furnish with bedding: bcddian, ~an°, gcstregdan ..(Of a bed) spread, made: gcstreht ..HaYing bedding to lie oa: understreowod0 .Other bed coverinp: bcdcliJ>, bedding, bcdfclt, strell, westling ..To cover, spread with coverinp: ofcrspn!dan .Bedclothes, beddina: bcddcliJ>as, bcdr&f, w&d(c) ..A lbeet; sabanot1, scar, stjte

242

04.06.01.01 Cleansing, washing ..A bed-cartala: bedwlhriftO, hopscyte ..A bobter, pillow: bedbolster 0 S, bolster, beafodbolster, beafodhrzgl,

hleorbolster 0 P, pyle, pylewer, wangere ...Down, pillow feathen: healsrefeJ>er 0 P, plDmfcpcr -Supported with pDlowslcusblom: gebolstrod° 04.06 Salubrity: bllwendnes •Wholesome, healthy: g6d, geheled ..Pure, fresh: fersc ..Sweet: sw!te ..Desirous of deanlfne•: clengeom ..Not harmful to health: underiendlic0 04.06.01 aean: clene .SO• to leave deamed: clene .To deame, dean: ifeonnian, (ge)clensian, (ge)feormian ..To deanse tboroqbly: )>UrhclensianS .Act of cleaming: lfeormung, clensung, fyrm .aeaned: ifeormod •To remove impurity, dea""': iclensian, ihliittrian .To d ....nse, make dean, wipe: weoxian .To wipe off, wipe away, dnnse: gefeonnian, wfpian ..To scour, rub, ftle: sweorfan .To rub, wipe: strican ..To rub off: of strican .To Kl'llpe: besceafan° .To sweep, dean: iswlpan, swlpan ..A brush, besom: besma .To polish, burnish: ibywan, (ge)bywan, feormian, (ge)hwitan ..To grind, polish: begrindanP ..Act of polishing, damln1: feormung ..Polished: isworfen ..A polisher. feormend ..Wanting a polisher: feormendlw0 P

See 02.08.12.02.05.04 Cleanse 04.06.01.01 aamlna, washlaa: fyrm)>, on)>wzgennes, )>w!al, wzsc .Frequent w•hlna: oft)>wCal0 .To wub, da""' by wamlna: ll>w!an, (ge)feormian, on)>w!an, (ge))>w!an, (ge)wascan 243

04.06.01 .02 A bathing place .To wash, bathe: iwascan, (ge)t>apian, bebapian .To pour water on, wash, laYe: (ge)lafian .To dean, rinse, wash off: §l>iman° .To wash oneself: ispylianq ..Washing of parts of body: ffltJ>wcaI, handJ>wcaI, heafodJ>wcaiog .To wash an anhml by sending It Into water: beswerrunan° 04.06.01.02 A b8tbfng place: bzJ>, bcJ>stOw°', bumstow .A place ofbatbs: beJ>stede .A bath-home: beJ>em0 , beJ>hiis, bumsele0 P ..A room for a warm bath: stofa0 « .A washing-place, wuh·houle: wesaem°', wescbiis0 « ..I .annd1 y man/wuherwoman: wescestte

See 04.05.03.05.02 Privy 04.06.01.03 A bath: bzJ>, wescelsq .A vapou~bath: stofbel> .A bath-tub: bzJ>fet0 .A washhand basin: mundl&>w 04.06.01.04 What Is used In washing, an ointment: J>weal .A bath salve: beJ>sealf .SO.p: sipe, J>wcal ..A nitre med as 90ap: l~r ..?Soap for removing hair: pillsape0 « ..Soapbox: sipbox0 ..To lather: llYJ>ran, gelll>ran .Pumice: pumic, pumicstin°« .A sponge: swanun 04.06.01.05 ?A doth for wiping: strichnlegl 0 , wApe .A napldn/handdoth: cn&>wriftO', ~gl°', switcliQ>, switlin .A towel/napkin: handcliQ>, handhr&gJ0 «, handlin, wetercliQ>, weterdat°', W&terstjte0 04.06.01.06 A toothpick: tQl>gir 0 , toJ>sticca°' 04.06.01.07 HaiM:al"e: .A comb: camb .To comb: (ge)cemban ..HaiMbean: feaxsceara°' 244

04.06.02 Insalubrious, injurious to health .To .-r, shave: (ge)efesian, (ge)scieran ..Umhom: unscoren .A crisping pin: feaxnitdel°', hitmitdl'. l>rlwingspinll, wealcspinl' ..To crisp, curl: (ge)cirpsian, gecrympanoS. (ge)l>riwan, gewealcian ..To arrange gracetully: glengan .(Of bair) bound up: ge~winglod° ..Wltb bounden b c r1es: bundenheonf>P

See 02.04.04.03.05 Haircutting 04.06.01.08 Face powder: nebsealf' .Red CGdmetk: rudu 04.06.01.09 To deanre, remove Impurity from (an object): iiclznsian. (ge)clitnsian .aeamed: Abywed .(Of heat) to dear Impurity from: We~ of, (ge)fatlsian, (ge)seo~an .Free from dross or alloy: clitne, hwrt ..?Spedfically of money: lnZre .Pure, refined: asoden, sm2te ..To refine by meltlna: mieltan .(Of a liquid) clear, pure: hlutor ..To make clear, purify: (ge)hluttrian, (ge)hlyttrian, (ge)merian ..A purifying, refining: hlyttrung0 1 ..Purifted, made dear: imered, gehluttrod, gehlyttrod, gemered See 17.02.04.03.03 Smelting 04.06.01.10 To separate objects already connected, unmis: Asyndr(i)an, hluttrian •To sieve, sift: Asiftan, (ge)siftan ..A sieve: temesq -.A hair-sieve: hitrsyfe0 -.A sieve-support: t&mespfle0 .To strain, strain out: Ahluttrian, aseon, drCahnian, (ge)seohhian/seon ..A strainer: seohhe ...An oil-strainer: eleseocche0 1

..To clarify, strain: oferhlyttrian° .To skim (somethlna) otr: afteotan of, fteotan (oO 04.06.02 Insalubrious, Injurious to health: cwyldbl!rc, cwyldberendlic0 , gecwylmfuloS, de&pberendc, yfel .Causln& disease; idlberende0 1. idliende

245

04.06.02.01 Dirty, unclean .Cause of disease: feond

See 02.05.08.01 Foul smell; 02.08.02.01.01 /nfection 04.06.02.01 Dirty, undean: fill, fiillic, sceamigq, sOtig°S, unclltne

.Unwashed: uniwescens, unt>wogen, unwescen° .Dirtiness: besmitenes, uncltennes -(Flgurative) of the world: woruldwidl .To become dirty: isolian, solian°P .Defiled, undean: geblanden, gewidlod _(Of animals) defiled, unclean: forciil> -Ceremonially undean: genutnelic .Undefiled: unlfitedoS, unbesmiten 04.06.01.02 Foul, ftlthy, squalid: adelihtS, fill, horig, horsc0 , horsclic,

horweht(e), orfeonne, slipor, sol, unsyfre, wltetlic, yfellic .Foully: filllice .Infested with vermin: renenq ..Mouse-trap: miisfealle .Foulness, ftltb, pollution: adel(a), fill, fYll>, horines0 S, slipomess, smitte, unsyfemes, widl -Fllthy place: adela -Flltb, squalor: orfeormnes0 S, orfiermu0 S •To soil, defile, pollute: ifYlan, iwidlian, betylan, bescftanoS, besnu"'tan, besmittian, besylian, (ge)fYlan, onbesou'llm, smitan, (ge)sminian, sylian, (ge)uncll!nsian, (ge)widlian .Dirty substance: horh ..Mud, dirt: fenn, Jim ...Muddy, dirty: fenlic, fennig -To wallow: bewealwian° ..Dung, dirt, ftlth: gor, tord 04.06.01.03 Stain, smear: besmitenes, cll!ming0 S, smitte

.Spot: specca, wamm -Spotted: specfih0 S .To daub, smear, besmirch: begleddian, behriimianS, besutian°S, besylian, (ge)sminian .To mark. stain: igleddian°S, begleddian, (ge)m&lan°P -With blood: (ge)blOdgian,JiodanP .Stained, dirty: genutl0 P, ml!le0 , wirig°P -With blood: blOdflgP, blOdig 246

04.06.02.06 Poison

.Was dirty: forhorwadel

•

04.06.02.04 Refuse, litter, rubbiab: l!fyrm)>a'. l!sc&da'. l!swl!pa'. l!wyrp, orfyrml>og. (ge)sripa'. gesw6pel .Parings, dippings: lcumba(-e) .(Wood-)choppinp: zcyrf'° .Rubbish for bumin&, underwood: ryt" .sectiment, dregs: d&rste, drOsna -OI oil: eledrosna0 -Full of dregs, rubbiaby: dr&stig°' .Liquid mess: swilleq .8cum, floating lat: drOs', ftotsmeru0 See 03.03.07 Portion; 04.01.02.01.01.08 Leftover food 04.06.02.05 Dust, powder: ltmerge, diist, gilpq, grytt. myl .Powder made from dried worms: wyrmmelu' .Heap of dust: moldhype0 .Dusty: dustig/dystig'

.soot: hrilm, s6t ..From a kettle: citelhrilm0 -Sooty: behrilmig°. hrilmig' 04.06.02.06 Poison: ilor, ilorcyn°P, bealu, unlybba .Poilon, usually vegetable: 1>ung ..A vegetable pot.on: clufl>ung(e) -Wormwood: wermOd •Venom: ftogol>a0 ' .A poisonous draqht: mindrinc0 P .Poisonous: itorbzre0 , itorberende, l!tren, !!trig, geolstrig' .Poisonous nature: ztrennes0 .Palnful, pievous, noxious: weorcsum0 P -(Of a herb) noxious: minful -(Of poison) baleful, dire: ealfeloP -(Of poison) quick-acting: fl!rlic .Taking of poilon, polsonlq: ilorl>igen .Poisoned: geittred .Poisoned, polluted: bewlled See 02.02.04.03 Kill, slay

247

05 Aught, anything, something

S. Existence 05 Aught, anything, something: cnigwiht, iwiht, edwihte0 P .A being one with, common existence: samodwist0 , samwist .Material (aj): iiterlic •Without a beginning: unigunnen°, unbegunnen, unongunnen° ..Not begotten: selfsceafte0 P, unicenned •To be: beon/wesan -To lie in, reside, be: onstandan -To consist oflln, subsist, be: wunian .To be, become: beon/wesan, becuman to, (ge)weorpan (on) -To become, be made, be: (ge)weorpan -To get, become: cuman -To come into ellistence: geselan -(Of thinp) to be made: gelimpan -To be tnmsf~11ed to, become: becuman (on), cuman, gangan, gelimpan, (ge)J>eon (to), (ge)weorpan (on/to) See 02.01 Life; 03.04.03.01 Someone 05.01 Growth, increaw, what sprinp up: grownes, iipspring, wOcorP .A regrowing: edgrowung0 1 .(Of substance) a welding together: samodwellung°I .To grow, ariw, take shape: ispringan (iip), iweaxan, (ge)growan, wzcnanP, (ge)weaxan -To take shape: scypian° .To come from, spring from: ispringan of, iwacan of. awzcn(i)an fram, iwridian, cuman (of) -To ge-a odute (litenl/fiprative): growan -To well up: Op iweallan See 02.07.01Grow;03.03.04.03 Growth 05.02 State, conclitioa: stede, (ge)~ing, wyrdnesq .Natural state or condition: (ge )cynd, gesceaft, gesceap .External condition, state, position: gesceaft .Original condition or comtitution: ealdgecyndP, frumsceaft .A condition that continues: forpgesceaftP .Constituted, of such a kind: gerid •To be the condition of tbinp, be: beon/wesan, (ge )standan •To be placed in certain cin:umstances: licgan .To be habitually so: gin, gangan

248

05.02.02 Nature, established order of things •To n.ch a stak/condltioa, come to: cuman to .To reach, attain: (gc)folgian, gcukan

05.02.01 Condition, state of •ffain, situation: gcrid, steVsteall, geting, wise .Affaln, concern: bclimp .A coune, affair, dmunstance: wend, wise ..A way, point, respect: dltl .A thing, drcumstance: l>ing .Time, circumstance, condition: sltl •Time, condition or thlnp: tima .Ca1e, dminwtance~ bclimp 05.02.01.01 The coune of human affaln: woruld .A penon's world, conditions or life: fa:r, woruld .CoarR/way or life, proceeding: fa:rcld, faru, lffwcg, si}>fa:t .Condition or life, lot: gecynd, folgot> .Condition, state, employment: drohtal> ..State of dependence upon chosen lord: cyrclff .State, station, condition, degree: dOm, card, mitt> .Fleld, sphere. place, position: fcld, set!, stow .To fan, get on, proceed: (gc)dOn, (gc)faran, (gc)fmul, (ge)gin, gangan. hweorfan, hwicrfan See 05.J J.06 Course of time; 09.03.07.07.03.04 History 05.02.02 Nature, established order or tblnp: gecynd .Nature, natural condition (external): gcsccap .Generic nature or quality: (ge)cynd ..A nature peculiar to one species: sundorgecynd0 P .A natural quality or property: igenncs, (gc)cynd -(Of a herb) a godlike quality: godcundnes .Quality or nature: a:t>elu, misscnlicnes, swilcnes .Inborn nature, natural disposition: a:t>elborcnnes, (ge)cynd .Nature, natural character: gebyrd .Natural, in agreement with nature: gecyndclic .Naturally pertaining to: gecyndc .Natural to, innate: (gc)zl>ele, cwit>enlic0 S, gccynde, (gc)cyndclic -Born, situated by birth: a:t>elborcn, (gc)borcn, gcbyrde, ongcborcn .That beJonp: lcngc .Unnatural, uncbal'9Cterlstic: un(gc)cyndc, ungecyndclic

249

05.02.02.01 Inclination ..Not natural to one: fremde, ungebyrde

-Contrary to nature, monstrous: ungccyndelic -Unnaturally: ungecyndelrce .To have a place in: niman in -To be Inherent in, Inhere: beon/wesan gelogod on, clengan°P, clifian, onclifian, ol>beald, fort>Ioten .To be prone to: for~liitan .(Of thlnp) to tend: willan -To tend (to an end): wilnian .To be subject (to), lie (under): licgan See 06.02.02 Will

05.02.02.02 (One's) own person: bad .Penonal quality: gescir .Qnality, capacity, nature: andefn .Disposition, temperament, character: heorte ..Nature derived from mother: medrengecynd0 .Equipped with: gefretwod .As to penons, in respect of penons: bad(e)lice&

05.02.02.03 A comiaion, anodation: t>Codscipe .To serve as a link between: get>&xtan .To concern, have to do with: bef'On on, belangian°, belimpan, (ge)byrian mid/to .To be attacbed to, link to: hangian on, ge(>Codan See 03.03.06.01 Whole 05.03 Source, origin: itspryng, l!wielm, gebyrd, fruma, frumsceaft, h!afod, ord, ordfruma, sl!d, Qplsprungnes0 , wiell(-al-e), wyllspring, wyrtruma, wyrtwalu .(Of God) 90IU'Ce of all thinp: frymJ> -(Of Christ) doorway: wealldor 0 P -(Flprative) foster mother: f&tonnOdor 250

05.03.01 A cause (of anything)

.SCmlnal: sedlicl M(Of Seth) leed-calTJIDs: ddbei'ende0P .From this cause or oripn: beonan .Tbenof: l>~ron, ~rtO, ~rymbe, l>iderinn

.or this: tterof

.In this connexion: hm>ngemang . •Therewith, In aepnl to that: ~rwil> .Acconling to what, as, acconling u: t>&s l>e .About, concerning: ymb(e), ymblitan .For, open to (marking relation): tOforan .Tblreto, for it: l>i!rfore .Therefrom, from which: ~rof, 1>anon ..From what, u far u: 1>aes l>e . •To be a source or cause of, procluce: icennan, weccan, (ge)wyrcan .To start otr, make a beginning of: ofgin .To begin, 11ndenake: underginnan° •To sprout forth, aa 111lmte: growan, lipkpryttan See 05.11.10.01.01 Origin

05.03.01 A came (of anything): andweorc .Came (from which aesult follows): intinga .Be cause: for 1>cm (l>e), for t>on (l>e), for l>Y (l>e), hwy, )>zt, l>Y ..For that cause, became: for ~m. for !>on, for l>Y ..Because, since: 1>aes .For, through, from, became, oa 8CCOUDt of: fore Through, In conwqu:mce of, by neson of: l>urh .In that case, then: ~r. t>onne .How: hii, hiimeta ..How on earth: nihwl!r eort>an hll .Why, wherefore: for hwon, for hwy, bwaet, hwy, to hwem, tO hwln, to hwy ..From what position or state: hwanon(e) .To bring about, came: ber!nian, gccncftan, gedon, get'Cran, fullfremman, (ge)macian, wegan MTo bring about, came (evil): forwyrcan •To pve riae to, stir up, came: geaefnanP, lbebban, istyrian, (ge)macian, llplhebban MGlves rise to: llllleg tO •To ofter an opportunity for: onlilcan .To came to be/become: (ge)brengan (on), (ge)dOn (tO), (ge)macian (to), gesettan to, gewyn::an M

251

05.03.01.01 Without need or cause .To bring (someoM/thing to): (gc)babban, gcteon to, to (gc)don .To bring upon (someone): isettan, bcspanan on, on/to gcteon, sendan .To give, cause (effect on object): forgicfan .To cause to, let: forlretan, lretan .To get/cause ((to be) done): begictan, (ge)habban .To contribute (to a result): (ge)giin, gegangan See I 1.0/.05 Accomplish

05.03.01.01 Without need or cause: t>earflw •Without cause: carwunga, idellicc, on idel ..Without came, undesenedly: be ungewyrhtum .Needlessly, unaccountably: t>earflWe

05.03.01.02 To work upon, inftuence: in weorcan .To guide, induce to: (ge)cierran (on/to), (ge)lredan .To cause to act, tum (to action): gehwierfan .To bring to, cause to assume: gewyrcan ..To cause to assume (attitude): gesettan, gewyrcan .To bring (affecting quality/condition to): (gc)don .To draw to, attrad: (gc)teon to 05.03.01.02.01 A destructive inftuence: sceadu .Oppressive effect or inftuence: hefe 05.03.01.03 Reason, cause: ontimber. l>ing, wise .A reason, ground (of action): intinga, gcscCad .CoDS4"'1uent on, attributable to: fofl>gclang, gelang .For this reason: for l>isum l>ingum .For that reason: on 1>iet gerid, !>anon .Whence: be hwon, hwanon(e) .Therefore: ciil>licc, eomostlfcc, for l>Y. to l>im. l>Y ..Therefore ••• because: for l>Y .. . for l>ttm, for l>Y .. · l>Y ..Therefore, consequently, then: t>onne •Whether: hwiet>cr, hwzt>cr l>c ... t>c. J>eah ..Whether ••• or: hwzt>cr . .. t>e ..Whether, if: sam ... sam, sam l>c ... sam (l>c), sam ge ... sam ge ..Given if, should it be that: J>eah ..If, unless: l>ttr ..If so: elcor ..seeing that, if, as, inasmuch as: nii (l>onne), l>i ..Since, seeing that: t>onne

252

05.03.02.01 Chance, hap, event -••~

bl>c weg, t>Y l~s (J>c)

"Unless, lest: t>Y l~s (J>c) .To attribute (to), ucribe (to): cnOdan, hlrgan, geb"lelian, tomearcian,

town'lan«

See 06.01.03 Faculty ofReason 05.03.02 Event, issue, result: becyme0 , cyme, cndc, gclimp, swice, gct>ing, wzstm, (gc)wyrd .Co'""'quence, result: fintaP, team, tohrgung«, tiidor .EJrect, effect produced, frdftlment: (gc)frcmcdnes, (ge)fremnesg, (ge)wcorc, gewyrd .Effectually, with telling effect: deoplrce, spCdlrce .When, as, since~ mid t>Y .The case in which, when: t>onnc •Then ••• when: l>i ... l>i .That, in order that: to t>on t>zttc, J>zt, 1>zttc, 1>zt t>c .Jn order that, to the end that: to l>im 1>zt, to t>on t>zt. 1>zt .To come from, be caused by: (gc)wcofl>an of •To become, prove a source of, be: (ge)weort>an to .To tum out, have as issue: cuman, (gc)gangan, gclimpan, (gc)wcort>an to .To be, have result, tum out: wcort>an bchworfcn, wcsan "To tum out badly, fall (impen): mistidan° "To tum out unfortunately: mislimpan .To experience, undergo: (gc)bidan, ton .To meet with, incur, undergo: gcfaran, geferan, findan, (gc)metan, gcmittan,underhnigan .To come acroa, meet with, light upon: (ge)metan, onfindan .To run into, have recourse to: bcicrnan on .To come about, come upon: lgicldan, forecuman, ofercuman .To be done about: gcwcort>an be 05.03.02.01 Chance, hap, event: gcgang, g~ligncs, g~lnesq, gcsitll> .A chance oemnence: weasgclimpq .A chance, accident: wyrd .Chance: wenung .Fortuitous, happening by chance: f&rlic, g~lig, gcwyrdclic .Occasional, accidental: gclumpcnlic .By chance: fltringa, fatrlicc, of bclimpc, semnendlrce«, wyrdgcsceapum0 g .By chance, ac:dclentally: gclimpc, mid WW, WW See 06.01.07.07 Possibility

253

05.03.02.01.01 An event, occumnce

05.03.02.01.01 An event, occw rmce: belimp, gelimp, j>ing, (ge)wyrd .Ordered coune of events: gesceaft, gesceap •That happens or befalls: gelimplic .Abnormal, unvasonable: ungelimplic .Come upon, fallen upon: ondge .To come to pus, happen: igin, igangan, llimpanP, irfsan, besceotan (on),

belimpan, beon/wesan, (ge)byrian, cuman, (ge)f!ran, (ge)gin (forj>), (ge)limpan, (ge)dlan, gesceotan, up irisan, wendan, (ge)weort>an .To fall out, happen: faran, forj>fyliganoS -To happen amlu: mistimian .(Of time, season) to come, fall, take place: to mannum cuman, geweorl>an -(Of time) to come, arrive: gegin, gegangan _(Of time) to draw near: onhigian .To befall, come upon, happen to: aetfeallan, Meallan, becuman, befeallan on, begin to, gegangan, (ge)limpan, ongin, (ge)sceon, (ge)tidan, getrmian, geweort>an •To come forward: forj>cuman •To supervene, emue: oferbecuman& 05.04 Fate, lot, fortune, destiny: gebyrd, (ge)dil, gedryht, geosceaft0 P.

gifel>e, heahg~p P, hiw, hliet, hlot, hlyt, gelAc, gelimp, m2lgesceaftP, orlaegP, gesl!lignes, gesceaft, gesceap, gescipe0 P, si):>, gewif, wintergegong°&, (ge)wyrd .Predestination: forestihtung, foreteohhung -An order of providence: gesceaft, gesceap, gesetnes, wyrdstaef0 P .Predestined, destined: forestiht, foregetihtged&, foreworden •To foreordain, predestine: forcgesecgan, forestihtian, forcteohhian°&, foreteon .To foreordain, destine, appoint: (ge)scirian, (ge)teon .To mark out (for an end), destine: imearcian .To destine, adjudge (a person to anything): (ge)scieppan (to), geteon .To destine (a thing for a person): (ge)endebyrd(i)an, gemyntan (to), (ge)serifan •To appoint, dispose: iscttan, onstellan, gesecan .To determine (a course of action): (ge)teon .To appoint, fix (position): getrymman .To settle, fix, ordain (immaterial objects): (ge)teon •To be compelled by destiny: j>urfan ..Sball, must: scea1

0

254

05.05.01 An author, source, originator 05.04.01 Fortune, Fate (pea11CN110.:ation): (ge)wyrd .Wheel of Fortune: !>et hwerfende hw~I .Tbe Fates: wyrde ..One of tbe Fates: metten° .A fated hour: gesooipbwt1°P .Granted by fate, given: ~nP, gifepe .Appointed, arranged: gescrifen .To decree, appoint, allot, asstp: (ge)scieppan, (ge)sclifan .To dictate, bring forth: myntan .To fall to one's lot: (ge)tidan .(Of what lies before one) to be appointed: gelicgan 05.05 Comtitudon, foandina (e.g. of world): onset(e)nes .Construction, putdng together, creadon: (ge)hiwung, gesceap, (ge)sceapennes, gesetednes, (ge)setnes, (ge)timbrung .Creation of tbe world: fru~wung°S, frum.sceaft, frumgesceap0 P, frumsetnunglf, frum(ge)weorc, frymJ>, fymgesceap0 P ..Artificer, maker, author, a eetor: crefta, creftiga, wyrhta .To creete, make, bring about: lscieppan, bewyrcan, (ge)fremman, (ge)scieppan, (ge)t~n ..To create amln: miswyrcan° .To compose, put toaetber, make: (ge)legan, gesamnian, wefan, wylw(i)an, (ge)wyrcan .To make, produee, do: (ge)dOn, gegearwian .To bring forth, produce: forpberan, forpbringan, forplEoliend .To oriafnate, institute: istellan, iweccan, hebban, ingangan, onstellan, (ge)siwan, (ge)stepan .To found, establish, Ht up: Hran, isettan, istellan, istemnian°, gegearwian, rl!ran, (ge)settan, (ge)sta)>olian, (ge)timbrian •To initiate, do something ftnt: istellan, onstellan .To repeat, establish for a second dme: (ge)edsta)>elian

255

05.05.02 Productivity, bringing forth 05.05.02 Produdlvity, brinalna forth: fort>l>Cro0 P .Propagator, one that brinp forth: tjdriend -Ground, earth (as productive): hrilse .To yield, produce, brina forth: igieldan, illtdan (iit), (ge)brengan,

forJ>it&>n, gin fort> mid, giefan

See 02.01.03.03 Sex, generation 05.05.03 Bindina, fattening: gebind, bindings, gewriJ>ing0 S .Binding, condition of befna bound: gewrit>ennes0 .A bond, tie, fastening: bend, gecnyccl, fa:stnung, gegaderung ..SOmethingl-one that binds one: bindere0 P ..A knot, fasteoina: cnotta

.That binds: wnpende ..A cord for bindioa: wealhslda0 P .Fut, not easily looeecl, that bolds fast: fa:st, fa:sthafol .Fastened: (ge)wril>en -Having a cord: gecorded°I ..Knotted: cnotted0 .Inclissoluble, not to be unbound: unibindendlic0 , unibrecendlic0 g, unicnycendlic0 g, unanbindendlic, unforedlicl, untOlesendel, untolysendlic0 .Fut, ftrmly bound, tightly: fa:ste, hearde, srn!alrce .To tie, bind, couoect: becnyttan, (ge)bindan, (ge)bregdan, (ge)cnyccan, (ge)cnyttan, onbindan, (ge)tiegan, gq,ryn, (ge)wilian, (ge)wn1'an, gewril>elian°1 .(Of a rope, bond, etc.) to de, fasten: becnyttan, befa:stnian, (ge)bindan, (ge)wn"Jlan .To make fast: onifa:stnianl, onfa:stan .To tie round, bind about: bebindan, becnyttan, (ge)windan, ymbbindang, ymbsltlanl, ymbwindan -Into a ball: ymbhringan -To swathe, wa ap around: beswe1>1>an -To waap up, roU up: (ge)fealdan .To yoke, join together: (ge)geocian, n!pan •To twist together, bind together: gewntstan .To bind (up), mume: forbindan .To bind together, rubict: clencan° See 03.03.06.01 Whole; 17.03.10 Fastening 05.05.04 That l()(Jf=s, looemlna: iliesendlic0 256

05.06 Destruction, dissolution, loss, breaking .Open, loo1ed, unloo1ed: t6slopen, unslopen° -Untied: Uenod°I, ulcacod, untogen .To unloo1e, undo, untie, uafutm: lwrij>an, (ge)lresan, onbindan, onlipian, onlysan, ondlan, onsliipan°, onteon, ontigan°, onwindanP, tooon, unbindan, uncnyttan, undon, unfestnian°, unlysan, undJans, untigan, unwrij>an .To release, nlax: onlattanP .To slacken, looern: klaeccan°' .To unfold, unroll, unwind: lrlfian, unfealdan, unwindan, gewindan of .To unbind, unclasp: kpannan°, onspannanP, unspannanoe .To unyoke: ungeocian° .To looselreAeaee from• bond: ilysan of, tolysan .(Of• bond) to be loosed/undone: t6sliipan

05.06 Destrucdon, dlnolution, loa, bnakln1: bntc, cwild, gedil, dilignes0 S, endel>fZst°, for(e)scendingS, forlor, forspild0 , forspillednes, forwyrd, forwyrht, gefylness, hryre, lyre, nij>cwalu0 P, nQ>cwealm0 P, onforwyrdS, spild, tobrytingoS, tOcwescednes, tOcwestednesq, t61ysednes, t6stencednes, t6worpednes0 , toworpennes, toworpnes .A dubuctive journey/expedition: spildsi)>0 P .A ravqer, dcstrvyer: ilupend, itorsceal>aP, iwestend, iwierdend, dZdhata0 P, dolsceapa0 P, forhergend, forswelgend, slrtere, tolysend, wiga, wundiend .Destrvying, desbucthe, voracious: lhypende, iwestende, ~lie, etende, etol, grfre, gredig, grimlic, grimm, heardlupende0 P, hypende, numol, tolysendlicS, towyrpendlic0 s, welgrim, wurpol°' ..Destructive to sbippina: scipbrucoloS .Destrvyed, demolished: ibryredS, forfaren, gehriered, oferbryredS, onfordon°8, tohrered, tohroren, t0stenced, toworpen .Choked, strangled: fori>r~t .Dutructively: cwildbatrlice°', to lore, to lose .To dcstrvy: ibreotan, ibr&>t>an, ibrytanS, ldon, ihildan, ibryranS, lhwylfan, npsans, kciifan, klitan, ispilJanoS, ktyrfan, iwierdan, (ge)brecan, (ge)dflegian, gedreccan, forbrecan, forcinnan°P, fordilgian, fordon, forecuman, forgnanoa, forgnidan, forgrindan, forleosan, forscrencan, forspildan, forspillan, forstregdan°S, forsweorfanS, fortredan, forwyrcan, (ge)hienan, gehwierfan, (ge)losian, ofslean, onwendan, sliJ>an°P, spildan, (ge)spillan, tobrecan, t6brytan, tMltlan, tOdrifan, tohwyrfanoS, tOliican, toscendan, tospillan°', t0stencan, tostregdan,

257

05.06.01 Devastation, laying waste towendan, toweorpan, trzgJianS, gepn!stan, undOn, unwyn::an°, gewemman -To destroy by cboldng: ismorian, fo$ysmian, ofl>rysm(i)an

OS.06.01 Devastation, layins waste: forhergung, here, hfennes0 , I)>ungq .Ruin, destruction, perdition: bite, fiell, forspenning, fortreding°S, losing°S, sup0 P, tolysings ..Destruction of protection/shelter: hleohrascnesq ..Destruction of Ille: tlbemes0 ...Destruction of men: mannmyrring° -Utter destniction, extirpation: iitcwealm0 S ..Destruction by night: nihtbealu0 P .Desolation, ndn: iwest(ed)nes, forhtt(en)nes, forlorenes, framslitnesS, hryre, loswistS, tOcwysednes, tolysnes, wacl, wig .A destroyer, devastator: tOlysend, westend, ytend •.Flood as destroyer: ftOd •Waste, desolate: weste .Fallen, spoiled, desolate: gehroren, weste .Fallen, dilapidated: hreorig°P, gebroren, togliden, tohroren -(Of stones) loosened: tOgliden .Damaged: byrst, gewyrten°S .Burned up, parched, consumed: forhtel>ed0 g, forswzled .Exposed to storms/?nined: brypig°P ••Wind-felled/wind-shaken: bewiwen°P, windfylled0 .To lay waste, destroy, devastate: adflegian, Ahypan, arepan, Amierran, i)>erscan°, iwestan, forhergian, forhienan, forslean, (ge)hypan, ie)>an, (ge)striidan, tolysan, (ge)westan -(Of person) to lay waste, destroy: barian, forhergian, (ge)rCafian, (ge)ripan •To devour, engulf, consume: ibitan, if'edan, igeotan, beswelgans, geendian, etan, facprnianP, forglendrian, forgripan, fomiman, forsceorfan°, (ge)forswelgan, (ge)Cretan, geneopan°P, offrettang, ofswelgan, (ge)slitan, (ge)swelgan -(Of animates) to devour, consume: beginan, forglendrian, fomiman, forslitan, (ge)Cretan, (ge)frettan, purhetan -To be comumed: wesan fomumen .To overthrow, topple, destroy: isciifan, iscylfanog, iwendan, geeapmed(i)an, foreistreccan°g, (ge)glendriang, gehnzgan, ofcirrang, oferweorpan, g~gan, tOweorpan, )>ennan, ymbstyrianog ••To burl to destruction: forbregdan, forgnidan

258

OS.06.02 Cleaving, splitting, cutting .To cut down, deatlVy, crush: idwl!scan, idydan, igytanP. istreccan, t>RotanP, gebrytan, (ge)ceorfan, forbrytan, forlosian, forscrencan, (ge)fyllan _(Of blade) to cut down, dabvy: forceorfan, of)>ecgan°P .To desbvy, exterminate: igilanP, ilt lmer(i)an .To send to destruction, to have dabvyed: forsendan .To nd.n (oneself): forp~ran, forwyrcan .To h•mble, fall down: ifeallan, ihreosan, isigan, isincan, tOfeallan, toglidan .To fall into 1111111: ifeallan, (ge)brosnian, (ge)lriosan, tohreosan, wOrian .To slip away, be looemecl: tOglJdan, tOslilpan See 05.10.04.04.01Dispersion;05.12.02/f Move

05.06.02 Cleaving, spllttinc, cutting: cleofung0 s .Catting, act of cutting: cyrf .A cut, incision: snide .A cuttinc oft', amputation: ofcyrf .That is slit, cut: isniden, tOsliten .Cut up, cut into pieces: tOsniden -Cut, (badly) cut up: forcorfen .Broken off, detacbed: aborsten .To cut, cut otr, cut down, hew: (ge)ceorfan .To cut up: toslzfan°, tosnZdan° .To cut between: betweohceorfan' .To cut, cut otr: J>witan •To cut off, snivlier, l!eVel': isciran, isrupan (of), beheawan, (ge)ceorfan (of), forceorfan, forcippian'. forJ>wyrftan, of iceorfan, of ibeawan, of isciran, of isnij>an, otbcccan°, ofsrupan, tOc:eorfan, tosrupan .To strike otr: beslean, of isleait .To cut up, cut asunder: forceorfan, forwn'lan°P, onsnij>an° .To cut open: hrician .(Of weapon) to cut tbroagb, shear: (ge)scieran •To cut down: Amlwan°P, forceorfan .To cut to pieces, cut down: gescyrdan°P •To cut to pieces: forhCawan, tOceorfan, t0cleofan, tohaccian°. toheawan, tOslifan, t0snij>an .To cut into slices, cut up: gesnedan, (ge)snij>an .To cut to shreds, shred: (ge)scearfian •To cut otr the front: forcceorfan .To fell, cut down: iceorfan, ifyllan, ihCawan, (ge)b!awan See 03.03.07.01Division; 17.02.04.02.01 Cutting

259

05.06.02.01 A cleft, split 05.06.02.01 A deft, spUt: gcclyftOI .(or a dHr) cat, riven: scoren •To deave, split: kleofan°, ispletanoS, cleofan, gescieran, slilan, t6chtfanog, t6cleofan .To slit, rend, deave, break a•nder: tOslilan .To split: splitanq -To split asunder: tOhlidan .To divide, take to pieces: tOniman .To dismember, disjoint, take to pieces: ot>l>Codan°P, tOli~ian .To divide in two by blow/stroke: tOsl!an •To spilt in two: twifyrclian .To divide by a blow: swingan on twi •To deprive (of) by a stroke: besl!an .To break off, separate forcibly: lbrecan 05.06.02.01.01 A cnck: cine, filmen .C111Cked, full ofc:racb: cineht°' .Iaky, bavinl cracks or rents: hlcc .To crack, break into chink•: cinan, t6cinan, tOspringan

See 05.10.03 Gap 05.06.02.02 A tearin& apart: geter .A slit, rent, tear: slite, taruog, geter .Ripped up, torn apart: isprindlad0 •To cat, tear, rend: ceorfan, gehrespan°, rendan', (ge)reofan, slilan, (ge)teran, tOslilan .To tear asunder, part, separate: arcafian°P, fram iteran, tObregdan, ti>slitan -To pull apart: toferian ..To pull away: onwegpullianq .To pull or tear to pieces: toteon, toteran, toweorpan ..To pull to pieces: tObregdan, totreglian°' .To tear: slilan, teran .To make an opening in, cut, break: (ge)openian .To separate (into parts), be torn to pieces: gcdi:lan, gcdi:led beon/wesan 05.06.03 A dashing together, breaking, sbaUering: .Broken: forod -(Of a sieve) broken: iwyrd _(or ice) half-broken: healfbrocen° ..Broken, bunt asunder: tOborsten 260

g~ningnes0•

05.06.05 A grinding, pounding ..Broken, tom apart: t6brocen ..Broken, dlMOlved: tolysed

.To fall upon, dub aplnst, O'te& whtlm; ilriosan, cwysan, forfeallan°, inhrmn', on(ge)breosan To dub together: behlennnanP .To break: forbrecan .To break, tear: forgnidan .To Alike against and break: geslean .To break to pieces, demolish: ibrccan, (ge)brecan, bn:can idiine, t6fyllan°P, t6rcndan, tOSCltnan, tOslean, tOswenganP, tl>)>e:rscan° .To break to piects, shatter: ibrccan, bebrecanop, forbritan, (ge)dnan, tObrecan . •To shatter: fulberstan .To break, be tom asunder: forberstan, onspringan, tOberstan .To fty to pieces, sprina asunder: tOspringan M

05.06.04 Damage, Injury, defect, hurt, loa: aefwyrdelsaP, aefwyrdla, byrst,

lyre, unfremu, unntd, wanung, wroht. wrobtstaepe0 P .(Of sword) pitted, having lndeatatloas: pytted0 .(Of weapons) hacked, tom: sceard •To harm, touch rou&hly and Injure: forweorpan, hrepian/hreppan, hrrnan, gel>l'Cagan/gepreawian •To harm, Injure, mar: aeteglan°P, (ge)hearmian, mismacian°, ol>wyrcan°, (ge)scel>l>an .To sbanafe, throttle, worry: wyrgan To beat severely, maul, strangle: isilcan .To shake to plects, dabvy: swengan, t6braan .To desbvy by beadlna, trample upon: fortrcddan, ofstaeppan, oftredan, M

tOtredang

•To destroy by drauln& about: forbregdan .To prosbate, stretch out (on rack, etc.): ij>enian .To 1errate, give tom effect: t0slitan .To tear (with weapon), wound, pierce: tisan .To hack Into (someone): inbeslean° .To stab 1eVenly,desb'Oy by th.rusts: t0stician° ~~M~~~wumm~~MOJ. UW~Ol~ury

05.06.05 A pin.ding, ponwllng: grists, trifelung°S

•That pincls: grindende .Kneaded, anshed: becncden°, gebercd 261

05.06.05.01 A rubbing .Pounded, beaten: gebeaten

.Ground, powdered: gegrunden .Finely, into small pieces: smale .To pound, grind, batter: (ge)beatan, (ge)cnucian, (ge)cnii(w)ian, forgrindan, (ge)grindan, (ge)trifulian, J>erscan, gewealcan •To crumble, niblpind to pieces: ignidan, (ge)brytan, gccrymman°, (ge)gnidan See 17.03.04 Tools

05.06.05.01 A nibbing: gnfding° .To nib: (ge)gnfdan, gnuddian°8 "To nib thoroughly: begrudan° "To cover by nibbing: gnrdan "To nib oft: ignidan 05.06.05.02 A ftllng, nibbing with file: ffliende0 8 .To file away: sweorfanP See 17.02.04.03.02 Filings

05.06.05.03 Bruisina, cmshing: gebrysednes0 8 .Crushed condition (of material): gel>n!stednes .Crushed, buried by something crublng: othroren .Crushed, beaten to pieces: tobeaten .Plessed (down): il>yd, bel>rydoS .To bniiw, crush: gecwysan "To blunt, break, crush: aetstyntanS, forstyntan .To crush, break to pieces: forl>n!stan. tObJ"Ytan .To desbvy, crush: (ge)hnkan, gehnyscanoS, othreosan, ofsettan, ofl>ryccan .To crush, smash, shatter by cnishlng: tObrys(i)an, tOcnyssan, tOcwysan,

tOl>ntstanoS, gel>n!stan .To dcsbvy by beating: fort>erscan° .To beat to pieces: tobeatan .To press down: bel>ryccan .To shatter, be crushed: tOcwysan 05.06.06 A scraping, scarifyina: scearfung, scyrft0 g .A scarification, indslon: scearpe, scearpung .Chipped, scraped: gesceafen __,,__,. 0 , bescrepan, scearft.1an0 , scrap1an . 0 •11o scrape: beM;1~1an , screpan "To scrape off/away: iscrepan lweg/of .To shave, grind, plane: (ge)scafan

262

05.06.07 Pricking, a prick, puncture

.To sbatr, shave oft: lcfcsian°, lsceafan .To scrape, shred: sceorfan, gcsceorpan .To mince, cut up !PIUlll: corftian .To KOre round: bestrican°, bewrilan, ymbwrrtan° .To llCUify, malre Incision lo skin, ICOl"e: scearpian 05.06.06.01 A tearloa, laicentloa: slitncs, t6slitncs .A tearlJll, rending, bltiq: gcslit. slnung .A clawing: clifrung0 S .To scratch, tear, lattiate: sceorfan, tOclifrian, t6rjpan° •To sa atcb, claw: cliwan, cliwian°, clifrian .To bite, tear (with teeth, beak, etc.): ibitan, bebn.ans, (ge)bJtan, slrtan, (ge)teran, t6slrtan .To bite through: forbrtan° .To chew, gnaw: becCowanP, begnagan° .To chew oft, bite oft: beslitanP, fon:Cowan° .To lay, skin: iflean, beftean, behyldan, oeans, hyldan .To scalp: behaettian, haettian 05.06.07 Prlddng, a prick. puncture: brord, prcung0 s, sticung .A piercing, perforation: stacung°, pyrelung° .A bole made lo anything, aperture, orUlce: pyrel .A prick, puncture, stab, tbnlst: stice .Bored through, pierced: purbholodoS, purhpyrel ..Perforated: pyrel ..With belly pierced: pyrelwamb0 P •To prick, pierce: ipriccan°, (ge)prician, pyngan .To perforate, make a bole through: borian (on), onfaestnian, purhborian°, purhpyr(e)lian, pyrlian .To paocture, prick to pieces: t6stingan .To lance: asceotan .To pierce, strike into: beslean on .To stab, pierce, gore, wound: inbcstingan°, ofstician, ofstingan, (ge)stician, (ge)stingan, J>Cowan, pyddan ..(Of animal) to gore: hnitan

.To run/smiWtbnlst through: idrifan, purhdelfan, }>urhdrifan, purhslean, purhstingan,purhpyddan°,purbwrccan .To pien:e through, pt through: }>urhfaran, purbfOn, purbgin, purbieman,

J>urhwadan .To nm through, pierce, spit:

sn~san°

263

05.06.08 A plucking, taking away .To spit, impale, stab: isnl!san .To tnr.sftx: lfestnian, t>urhfestnianl, l>urhsticcianq. l>urhl>Yn/-t>&>wan .To shoot through, transfix: t>urhsceotan .To shoot, strike (an object): ilt lscC!otan

See 05.l 2.05.02.04ff Enter; l 2.05.04.01 Contention; 13.02.03ff Attack 05.06.08 A pluddna, taking away: mit>numen°' .Tom out, plucked out: ifohten -Rooted up, pulled oat by the roots: of iwyrttumad, up ilil>d. up ilocen, iit ilocen -(Of thorns) pulled out: ilp ilooen .To pluck, pull: plyccan, pullian •To twist, tweak: wringan •To pluck off: ihncapan°P, ipluccian, ircndan°, of ipluccian .To pull, tear off: of ipullian, pluccian .To twist out, waest out: ij>nlstanl .To pluck out: iholian ilt, unlilcan .To pull out, tear out: of idOn .To puWclraw/pluck from, extricate: ibregdan (iip), ihlcfanoS, iliican (iit), itCon of, iteon iit of, iwyrtwalian, bregdan of, forgnidan, of ileon, of dOn, onteon, pycanq, iip iliican, iip ilCon, iit ililcan .To puWroot up, weed out: iwCodian, iwyrttrumian°, iwyrtwalian, iwyrtwarian', bregdan ilp, liican°P, unwyrtrumian°' , iit iwyrtrumian, gcwyrt(t)rumian •To root up, extirpate: istyfician, iswcfccian', iteran° , iwyrtwalian, ofwyrtrumianl, styfician°, wyrtwalian -To pull up, loosen: ilp ihwylfan - To root up with the snout: wrotan •To extract by digging, di& up/oat: idclfan, iblocian', (gc)dclfan, ofdclfanl, iip idclfan, iit idclfan -To dig up, damage by digina: fordclfan° .To tbnist/pidr. out, KOU&e out: iweg idclfan, stician ilt, iit lidon •To scratch out: screpan .To tbrost out (eya): istingan, ilt istingan .To put out (eyes): ot>tan See 05.10.04.04.02 Removal

264

05.06.09.03 A shower of blows (?hammer on weapon) 05.06.09 Act of strUdna: spyrring' .A stroke, blow, lmodr: gedrq>op, dynt, lujsc, ofslegeoS, onslaegel, siege, sweng, swingel ..A retum blow: andslyhtP ..A swordstroke: heoruswengP, sweng ..A blow striking off tbe ear: earslege0 ..A fatal blow: feorhsweng°P ..A wounding/evil/treacberous blow: dolgslegeP, hearmslcgc0 P, heteswcng°P, inwithlemmop, mlnslagu0 P, slrslcgeP ..A striking in the face: hleorra:scncsq ..A blow/box on tbe ear: earplaett ..A blow on tbe cheek: hleorslaege0 ..A stroke OD tbe neck: sw\irplaett°P .(Of a wound) inflicted by a blow: onbcslagcn° .To beat, strike: ibeatan, bCatan (on), bcslean, bewrecanP, cnrdan, dcngan, (ge)drepan, hentan, hnaeppan, hnossian°P, (gc)hrinan, (ge)slean, strlcan, t>accian, (gc))>crscan. J>oddcttan ..To strike bard, smite: istrrcan, bcslean on, j>urhslean .To remove by a stroke: (ge)slean of .To strike/beat down: ifyllan, brcodwianop .To strike through: ofcrswingan° .To box the ears: (ge)earplaett(i)gan .To strike, hit (with object): sceotan, getyrfan°, (ge)weorpan, worpian •To poke, strike at: pucianoS .To butt,pusb: hru'UUl, potian See 02.05.06ff. Touch; 17.02.04.03 Metal wort.er 05.06.09.01 A llap with tbe band, blow: handsmael&, handgcswing, snuel0 ' .Struck with the fist: fYstslaegenoS .To strike (with tbe band): islean, swingan •To strike with tbe fist: gctystlian°& 05.06.09.02 Act of ldddng: sporetung' .Given to kicking or tnmplina: spurul' •To tick, strike with tbe feet: speamlian, sporettan', sporncttan', spurnan, steartlian' .To press with tbe foot, hold tbe foot on: (ge)trcdan .To strike (foot) aplmt, stumble (upon): spurnan 05.06.09.03 A shower of blows (?hammer OD weapon): sciir 265

05.06.09.04 Stoning, casting of stones .Hammered. beaten: islegen .To strike (with hammer): islean See 17.03.08 Htll'fl1ner

05.06.09.04 Stoning, c:astina of stones: s~ning .A shower of stones: hryre .To stone: (ge)h&nan, oftyrfan°, (ge)s~nan, (ge)torfian .To destroy by non•na: oftorfian, tOtorfian 05.07 Ending of aistence, end of world: (ge)endung, woruldende0 P .Flnal state: ende .A last day: endedeg .Nothing: nlht. nlnwiht. nlt>ing ..Nothing more, no more: ni mi, ni mire ..Nothing else, DOtblng at all: ealles niubt, nlht elles ..None, not one, no: nl!nig, nin ..Neither: nihwel>er .SUdow (u opposed to reality): sceadu ..Sbadow (as opJJ1111?d to substa111tt): sceadu, sciia ..A phantom, apparition: gliderung°S .Not being: nitrende .That Is perishing: forwordenlic .Annulled, made void: forllrCrestillan° .To bring low, put down: ilicgan, fellan .To delete, blot out, obliterate: ihwitianS, (ge)dflegian, (ge)dwitscan, fort>idflgian° .To dissolve, put an end to: tolysan, toslitan, toweorpan •To undo, bring to naught: wil>slean .To make null, annal: iidl(i)an, lwl!gan, don tO niubte, undon, wanian •To fall, come to an end: iblinnan, icwincan, ilicgan, lspringan, istandan, itCorian, (ge)blinnan, gedilegian, (ge)dm>san, ende habban, (ge)endian, faran, forberstan, forcgeleoran°s, forgin, forbweorfan°, forsittan, forweofi>an, forj>scacan', fort>gewitan, (ge)leoran, (ge)licgan, ofergin, 266

05.08 Strength

ofergangan, slfdan, (ge)t!orian, tofaran, toftowan, togangan, t6slupan, ttucian, weoq,an to nluhte, gewllan .To qnlsb, d•ppear: lcwincan, idwfnan, aetglrdanog, iiernan, lslupan, forsweltan See 05.l 1.10.02 End 05.08 Strenatb: cr&ftig, ellcn, innol>ma:gens, strengu .Great sbeogtb: tmuniht&, hQh strengi>u, ma:genstrenguP ,(Of animates) bodily strength: miht, woruldstrengu0 P

..Strength of arm: handmaegenP ..Strength of tusks: tol>maegen°P .Strength/toughness of sword: ecgt>racu0 P .A strenathenlng: hyrdungoS, (ge)strangung, trumnat>0 P, trymming, trym}> .Strong: maegenig0 , swi}>, tnun, trumlic "Very strong, strenuous: elf, forcmihtiglic0 8, forstrang0 P, l>urbstrangoS ..Strong-armed: earmstrang°', earmswips, stranghynde -Famed for strong arm/band: h•ndr0f0 P, mundrof0 P .Strong, robust, sturdy: stranglic, swi}>, tnun -Of full strength, grown up: orpcd -(Of bone) sturdy, stout-framed: gel>racen°8 ..Strong as a man: ceorlstrangoS -(Of ass) strong at carrying burdens: byrf>cnstrang° .(Of sword-edge) strong, clnagbty: dyhtigP. l>yhtig°P .Very bard: sciiJ'heardP .Made strong: trum .Strongly: stranglrce .Using only natural sbeogtb: mid gemcte .SO as to encourage, strvmgly: trumlice .Strongly, very much: forswij>e, sbpe, swipe swipe ..Strongly, ftrmly: tulge .Mightily: scirc .To grow/be sbvq: (ge)strangian ·"Thrives, ls/becomes strongi dCag .To become strong: gesti}>ian, (ge)trymman .To pin sbeugtb: elnian .To make stroag: getrumian, (ge)tJymman/(ge)trymian -(Of sight) to make more active, sbeapben: gescicrpan .To make firm, sbeogtben, stHren: ifaestnian, forpgestrangian, gesbl>ian, (ge)trymman/(ge)trymian .To be/become stronger: (ge)swi}>rian

267

OS.08.01 Vigour, activity, force .(Of health) to become stronger: batian

See 02.08.01 Sound physU,iu; 03.01.03.02 Strength. power; 06.02.07.01 Fonitutk

05.08.01 Vigour, acti'rity, fon:e: feestnes, framnes0 • hweetscipe, lust, sttangung, strengt>(u), J>racuP •Vigour of youth: geogup .Vigorous, lively, active: feestlic, liffeest, DU1tgenfeest, scearp. sprin(g)d, sttanglic "Very active: swiJ>hweet°P .F1ourishing, 'ri1orous: blostmba!rc, geblowen, blowende •Vigorous, young, lusty: eepele .Potent, producing a powerful effect: sttang, swi}> •Vigorously, keenly, actively: ciftice, cwiclice, cwiferlice, feeste, feestlice, sprindlice0 g, sttanglice, swjplice .Vigorously, wholeheartedly: unisolcenlrce .To move/ad with energy/vt1our/fon:e: sttangian .To ftoarisb, be vigorous: (ge)blowan

See 08.01.01.01 Strong feeling; 11.02.01 Energy; 17.01 Hard work

05.08.02 Violence, fon:e: meegenpise0 P, riceter(e), strec, sttangnes, strengpu, swi}>nes, (ge)preat, preatung, Ullldtnes .Violence, destructive fon:e: pracuP, w0da0 .Turbulence, tumult, commotion: (ge)drefednes, gedr!fnes, hestP, seecP, scilr, stonn, styrenes, styrung, gepra:c, gepring, ungerec, yp(g)ung .Noise, hlmult, chaos: (ge)dwolma, ungerydnes0 11 .8urge, (bot) touch (of death): wielm "Whirlpool: grutg .Violence offtre: belpracu0 P .Fierceness, keenness (of hunger): genjplaP •Violent, using force: stnec .Violent, unrestrained: stearc, stearcheard0 P .Burning, vehement: biemende .(Of fire) furious, blowing ften:iely: ibh!st .Rushln1, overwhelming, violent: onfeallende, onbreosende .Gushing with destruction: heoruweallende0 P .Mad, raging, furious: wOd .Becoming violent: swi}>feonnende' .Fiercely, violendy: grimlfce, bite, heardlice, hetelice, hetollice, replice,

stundum, )>earllice, prymme, prymmum, prypum

268

05.09 Wcalcness

..More atroqlyMoleady: swl}>or .Stralahtway, at once. vlolendy: lungreP .Violently, with impetus, fordbly: nydwreclrce0 , stem"Clfce, sti}>lfce, strzclice, ungerydelrce •Tumultuously: ungereclice .Vlolendy, vehemendy: forswipe, stranglrce .To rush upon, move violendy (towards): inntsan•, onn!san .To rush with violence, drive, act impetuously: drffan .To burst out, crack, break: iberstan .To beat, lash: bbtan (on) .To pour, flow, gush: g~tan .To make more acute, sharpen, inteNtfy: iscirpan, scierpan .To 1..,e, be violent: iwedan, grimsian •To be ardent/vehement: (ge)bieman See 08.01.03.07.04 Severity OS.08.02.01 (Of living creatures) 8erceaer1, roupncsr: grimnes, grimsung° .(Of animals) ferocity, npadty: hetolnes, r!t>nes •Violent, rough, rmel, 8.eau: grimlic, grimm, b&stP, heard, st0r 0 , strang, swi}>lic, ungeryde, ungerydelic .Cruel, hard, fierce, savage: slij>e, slij>en, unbiere, unhierlic .Banh, fierce, not gentle: unbilewit°S .(Of violent men) untameable, 8erce: unltemedlic0 .Bani to subdue: earfot>wylde0 "Turbulent, ungovea ned: wilde .Greedy for war/destruction: giit>frecP .(Of beasts, etc.) ferocious, fierce: ~. betOJ, mOdig, J'Coc0 P, repe, rif .Untamed, wild: un(ge)temed "Very fierce: felafrecne0 P .S.ftlely,cnaelly: sli}>e .Ranhly, violently, blttaty: ullSOfte, un50ftlice0 .(Of people) to become wild: iwildian See 08.01.03.09.01 Fien:eness OS.09 Weakness: tiedemes, untrumnes, wic •Want of vigour: hnescnes .Lack of power: unmiht .Inability, powedessners, w•kMM: mzgenlcast. unmihtiglicnes0 , unmihtignes .W•lmcss, feebleness, impotence: 1D11Cgenleast

269

05.()C).01 Slow, inactive .Impotence, Infirmity: unfemes .A weakening, redadng streagtb: wanung •Without strength, weak: mibtlbs, unframP, unmeagol', ungemihtq, urunihtig,unstrang, unstrcnge •Without force, weak: wic .Lacking in energy: hnesce .Belplea, powerless: uncneftig"P .Fragile, weak: bret>eJ 0 P, brocenlic0 , ticdre .Fragile, worthless: bryce0 P .Feeble, weak, without ftrmneu: swancorP .Frail, perishable, weak: gehreneoS, J~ne, unwn!st(e) .Perishable, decaying: hryre0 .Without strength, feeble, powerless: ma:genlbs .8oft, weak, feeble: hnesce .Feeble, weak, infirm: s&>c, un(ge)trum, unttumlic .Weakened, debilitated: oncydre', swter .Weakly, feebly: mearulrce. unswtpe, wiclice .Feebly, impoteady: ma:genleaslfceotl .To weaken: iblician, Agin, ihnescian, ishpian, lswindan, itidrian, iwician, lwindan°, lytlian, wanhilian, (ge)weomian, weorpian' .To be/become weak: (ge)wacian .To weaken, abate, subside: (ge)swe~rian .To make weak, weaken: ilefian, lwecanq, tOlysan, untrumian, (ge)wtecan, gewanh~lan°

.To reduce (by medical treatment), weaken: wanian •To deprive of strength: geunmihtan° .To weaken, disable: gesJeccan°P .To hurt, weaken: (ge)sce~~ .To reduce/destroy strength of, subdue, weaken: (ge)wieldan .To enfeeble, weaken: (ge)hnesc(i)an, t~lan° .To reduce strength, temper, weaken: gewieldan See 11.08.01 Uselessness

05.09.01 Slow, Inactive: lact .Subdued, ovea powered: gemeneq .Getting exhausted or wearied, falling: tiori(g)endlic .To be slack or inacdve: (ge)idlian, iseolcan .To IJ'OW sluglsb or dull, slacken: ilatian°', islacian .To rein: lwician •To cause to fall or faint, to dre (someone): tCorian 270

05.09.03 Mitigation, liglltening, alleviation

.To eat away below,sap: uoderetan .To ckndea: idydan .To cbeck, mnke daO: gestyntan°'

See 11.06 Listlessness 05.09.cn MildatlB, modeaate qaallty: h1>nes .Moderation, tempnatmcrr: (ge)metgung, gemetnes0 .8oothlngnm, 1entlmr•: Oleccung

.Mild, moderate: IQ>e, row .Mild, not strong: slfte .Smooth, sootbha&, bland: 51* .Not fierce, 1entle: UJrit>e0 , unscel>J>ig .Gentle, plen•nnt: bll)>elic .Gentle, quiet: bll)>e .Tender, delicate: unbrocbeard .soft. yielding: hnesce .Moderately: gemetlice, gewealden .To a moderate dea•ee: liJ>elice .softly: hnesclice •Without pre 1111re, ll&hdy: lwbtlrce .To beat aently, IOOthe, w : (ge)Oleccan .To make soft, softm. moderate: (ge)hnesc(i)an .To make smooth or N•IMI: g~ See 08.01.02.01.02 GentleMss 05.09.03 Mitigation, llghtenlna, alleTladon: lco)>uwlcunga0 , llbting, liss .Tempering, moderation: temprung' .Relief, alleviation: wyrp .To mitigate, soften the rigour of, alleviate: brysan, gehelpan, (ge)lihtan,

geli)>ewician, (ge)li)>ewlkan, (ge)li)>igian, onhntan°P, onli)>ian, onwzcan .To relieve, alleviate, ll&hten: ilihtan .To mitigate, allay, moderate: gemetgian, gemetl~ .To mbclue, temper: liss•n°P .To moderate, temper, ....iate: gemetgian, (ge)temprian .To appeaae, calm, quiet, AP!ftle: iswebban, (ge)stillan, geswebban, J>yllanq •To P"O• easier, alleviate, abate: Ul>ian .To ltop, mlNdcle, be allayed: (ge)stillan 271

OS.09.04 Abatement. reduction, checking 05.09.04 Abatement, nduc:tioa, dlttldq: wanung .To brin& within narrower limits, abate, check: (ge)wanian .To reduce, subdue, abate, les1~n: oferslean, (ge)wkan .To repress, abate, an'lage: oflxyccan, oflxyscan, (ge)stillan .To weaken, abate: gemieltan See 03.03.04.06 Diminution; 05.10.05.02.03 Reduce 05.09.05 Cr sstq, dttllne, fall off: dryreP .Wasting away, decay, falling: iteorung .Falling off, diminution (of crops): (ge)sweJ>rung .Degeneration, weakness, wortbJeu1re11: iwordennes0 S .To weaken, impair: wanian .To cause to wither or shrink: fors&rian .To impair, diminish: gewemman .To dilute: gecringan, ~ynnian .To draw away (from), seduce (from): idreogan, &tbregdan .To decline, fall away: idreosan°P, ifeallan, iglrdan, ilecgan, isinian, islgan, iswimian°P, iswirc(i)anS, iswindan, fordwinan, ofniman, onislidan8, onslidanog, wealwian .To waste away, lessen: (ge)dwinan, essianS .To fall, crumble, fail: (ge)dreosan .To give way, fall down, fall: (ge)wtcan See 03.02.01 Decay 05.10 Space, atent: bridnes, (ge)rilm, rymet .A space of two/three dimensions: f&c .SurTOUDded space, atent: ymbhwyrft

See 05.12.01.03 Expanse 05.10.01 Amplitude, spacioamea, ....me.: widgilnes .Great/Immense atent: ~tnes. rym~ S .An extensive place: riimnes, sidhealf0 S, t6bn!d(ed)ness .An expanse, deep, abyss: f&~m .Spacious, ample: brid, bryten°P, f&cfulog, ginneP, rilm, rilmwelle0 S, sid, wid, widbrid0 P, WidgjJ .Widely: rilme, rilmgallfce0 , wide 0

05.10.02 Narrowne rr, scantlnea of space: nearones, nirewett .A narrow place, sbalt, conftnemmt: engu, nearones .A narrow strip (of land or water): ricq .A very PMll space, dot, point: prica

272

OS.10.04 Place, room .OMaftned, not lplldoas: enge, nemu, unrQmoS, unwfd° .Briefty, narrowly, within Umlts: nearolTce

05.10.03 A pp, cleft: sceard .A windy pp: windgeat° .Openin1 nor maple tree: mapuldorgeat° .Openi. . betwww roeh~ stingeat See 05.06.02.01 Cleft, split

05.10.04 Pl•ce, room: geriima, rymet .A pl•ce, spot, locality: st&I, stede, st6w, wangstede .Place, position, staid: l6h, gesetnes, sta&K>I, steall, stedc, stOw, wic .A ltanclin&-place: standq, tillP .A place or rest, rc:stln1 place: rest .A place where somethi,. rests: sb&>wen .A place: sundorstow 0 .Aa appointed place (meetina place): gecwedstOw 0 .A pl•ce for waitiq: anbidst0w 0 .A camping-place: wicsteal1°P .Locallwd, occupying• place: stOwlic .Placed: ileged, ofergeseted, ofteged ..Pot/given to a place: forgiefen .ID reaped of pl•ce: st6wlrce .To be placed, be: (ge)standan .To sellle, take up position (ID): gesettan, gesittan .To come to rest, rat: gesittan .To remain ID• place: (ge)licgan, (ge)sittan •To occupy • position, rest, lie: (ge)wunian .(Of land) to lie: bOan, licgan ..(Of river, etc.) to be between, separate: g~lan, dadan, tOlicgan, tOtwteman .(Of directioo/n>M) to run, Ile: lltdan tO, (ge)licgan, sceotan, stician ..To nm/lie ID cWl'erml dlrectiom: tOlicgan ..(Of a boundary) to begin, start: iip gin .To put/bring into posltioo/rel•tion: (ge)dOn, (ge)t&>n .To place, lay, pal in position: befOn, (ge)dOn, htdan, (ge)lecgan, (ge~nian ..To put/place (over), bold (up to): habban .To move to• position ofnst, place, lay: (ge)sendan, (ge)settan, geweorpan .To eslablilb, place, ldde: gefestan, (ge)IOgian, (ge)settan, gewunian .To place in• position, eslablllll: lrl!ran (on), lsettan (on), beslq>an (on)

sped••

273

05.10.04.01 Position, stance MTo post, station: (gc)settan •To settle, 1eat, pat In a position of rest: setlan°P .To replace, nf11m (to a f6inw position): iwendan, gecicrran, gcbwicrfan

05.10.04.01 Position, stance: etsteall, stedc .A proper posidoa: frumstOI .Orf&inal position: frumstapol0 P .(Of posidon) to stand: istandan .To station oaaelf, take one's stand: (ge)standan •To stand off from, keep away: wiJ>standan 05.10.04.02 A ftlioa, zone: ende, eodorP, grundsceatP, sceait .A coa ner, quarter, side: ende, sc&llt ..Foar quarten: fit>ersceatas0 P ~ cardinal point: heorr(c) .A district, region: ~I. ende, gcard, leppa, landscipc, scbl, woruldscealq ~bode of moasten: fifela gefeald .A region, neighbourhood: him, l>&>0 P, fcorland, fco~ .A hostile land: unfripland° .I.and easily defended: festland0 See OJ.OJ Surface; J2.06 Territory 0

05.10.04.03 Presence: etwist, andwcardncs, neawcst .Presence, being with othen: midwist .A bystander, someone praeat: etstandend, ymbstandcnd .Praent: andwcard, inbrobt ..Present and with otben: gcandwcard ..Present In: gclang .Bystanding: etstandendc .Passing by, looking-on: weglercndc .Praent (av): andwcardlicc •Where: hwl!r, l>a!r Where, wherever: pidcr WberellOffer: bwltr ... swi, hwider swiVswi bwider (swi), IOca hwltr, swi hwidcr ymb Wherever: 1>1tr pl!r Whither: hwider/hwi~. t6 hwes, tO l>es t>e. )>er •To IOllle place or other: hwidcr, hwiderbwega0 M

M

M

M

274

05.10.04.03 Presence

..Anywhere, somewhere: (ge)hwl!r ..8omewbue (or other): forhwega. bwerbwega/-bwuga, nitbwerP ..Anywhere: ihwl!r, ihwergen, ofer eall ..From all sides, from anywbue: l!gbwanan, ihwanan, gebwanon,

hwanonhwegus ..In any di1ection. anywbelt: ihwanon, ihwider, gehwider .Here, in tbJs pblee: ha, ha(... )inne ..Just here: ha rihte ..Herein: heron ..Hereabouts: ha ymbOtan ..Hence, departins thence: heonan, l>anonweard° ..Hither, to tbJs place: hider, hidere, hiderweard .Here ••• there: hwl!r .. . hwl!r MBere and there, in d.itrerent places: stycce~lum To and fro: hider and geond ..Hither and thither: hider and J>ider, hidres l>zdles. hidres J>idres •There, where: J>l!r MTbere, in that place: )>l!r, J>l!ret Therein, theninto: )>l!roninnan Tbereabout: J>cributan T'bence. whence: }>anon Tbeftto, to that pl1tee: J>l!rt6 Thither: geond, geon ofer, J>ider, J>ideres, }>ider geond, J>iderweard, J>iderweardes Tbltber, yonder: hidergeond° .E'fflywhere: l!gbwl!r, geond eall, gehwl!r, gehwl!r and )>l!r, ofer eall, wel wide ..Nearly evel)wbere: wel(ge)hwl!r, (ge)welhwcr Tbrougbout: l>urh MOD all sides, all round: l!gbwl!r oobOtan, on ilteweardum, wil> l!lce hand ..EYerywbere, on all sldesldlncdom: l!gbwl!r, l!gbwanon, l!ghwider, gehwider .To be present: aetbeon/aetwesan, instandan&, t6wesan& .To be, stand, baYe place, dwell: beon/wesan .To stay, 1emaln (in a place): aetsittan .To live in. be situate (at): ibidan .To bold, occupy (space/a place): ibisgian, bebealdan, ofersittan, gesettan .To occupy entirely: (ge)fyllan .To brins before one, present: geandweardian .To ftx a penoa in pla~tion: gestal>olfaest(i)an, gestal>lian M

M

M

M

M

M

M

M

275

OS.I 0.04.03.01 Visiting/seeking of a place .Before, in the p1 e11ence of: beforan, foran .Before, to the prwnce of: beforan, fore, to ... foran

05.10.04.03.01 VllitiDafwldn1 of a place: sOcn .Frequented, attended by many: gelomlic •To visit: (ge)n&>sian .To 10 to/attend a meed. ., ceremony, etc.: (ge)s&:an See 05.12.01.01Journey;08.01.02.04.01 Visit

05.10.04.04 Ab1rnce: aefweardnes .Abllence OD a joarney: framsi)> .AbeencellOllS: miss0 .Ab1ent: aefterweard, aefweard, ofweard0 , unandweard ..Ablmt OD a journey: framwesende°' ..Over there: geon .(Of space) empty, void, vacant: emettig .Out, not in: ilte .Apart: framsundor°', ofsyndrige0 •, on geriim, onsundran, on syndrige, sundor .Yonder, away there: geond, t>er .Beyond: begeondan,geondan,wiJ>geondan° .(With motion verbl) away, off: onweg ..El9ewbere: elcor, elles, elles gehwatr, elles hwanon, elles hwergen, elles hwider, ellorP, onweg .Nowhere: nihwatr, nlhwa!m ..To nowhere: nlhwider ..From nowhere: nlhwanon .To be absent from: forsittan •To leave the pretenee/sodety of: forletan .To evacute, lean dear of (penom): (ge)rfman .To leave, pve place, 1emon oaaelf: (ge)rfman 05.10.04.04.01 Dispenion: forstrogdnesq, geondstrednes0 1, tOdil, tOlysednes, tOStenc(ed)nes, tOworpnes .To acatter, cause to disperse: istencan°, gedelan, forsc&dan, tooelan, tOdrifan, tohweorfan, toletan, tOscearianq, tOstencan, tOStrcgdan, tOtwatman, towegan°P, toweorpan .To driv6'tbrust MUnd«, clispene, acatter: tOdntfan, tosciifan, tot>ringan°P, tOwrecanP .To acatter, drive in difrerent dlncdom: totesian, tOscead•n, tosendan 276

OS.IO.OS A space, span .To scatter violendy: t6sceacan, tOsc&cerian .To scatter, be dlspetsed: bn!dan, stregdan, tofaran, toteran, toftowan,

tohladan°P, iitOowan .To break up, dispene: ibm:an Op .To 8y apart, bunt aw•nder. tOft&>gan, tOftOwan See 05.10.05.02.01Diffusion;05.12.02.04 Cast out; 05.12.02.07.01 Throw

OS.10.04.04.02 RemoYal, taking away: onwegil&dncs0 .Taken away, removed: aetgenumen -Rolled away: framiwaelted°I .To remove, displace: istyrian fram, (ge)dOn fram/of, settan of, unsettan' .To move, take up, translate: Qp idOn .To move, transfer the position of: forhwierfan .To remove, take away: idOn, aetgeniman, anweg idOn, isettan, iwegiwendan°', onwegiwendanoS, gcstyrian -To remove to a distance: ot>feorrian°P -To carry otr, take away: iwegan .To take oft', remove: idOn of .To take away, remove, pt rid of (from): idOn Cram. ifremd(i)an, ifyt1>an°, iscyndan, tOferian •To shake otr, remove by shaking: ihtaescian of, ihrisian of, isceacan, isceacan fram/of, fram isceacan, ofisceacan, onsceacan .To cut aside, throw away/oft': forsendan, of iwcorpan See 05.06 Destruction; 05.12.02.02 Carry off; 10.04.03 Take away OS.IO.OS A space, span: faec, spannungoS .Distanc:e: feomcs0 , fyrlen, fyrl(u) ..Distance to which a shot will go: scyte, wyrp ..Excessive distance: oferfyr 0 .Remotenea, distance: ungehendnes0 -A remote part, extremity: endcmestencs0 1, gcendung, fcorweg, geml!re ..Distant parts/regions, distance: sidwegasP, widwegasP .A track that stretches far: widlistP .InacceaibWty, remoteness: orwegnesoS .Distant, far: unncah .Far, distant, 1emote: feorr, fyrlen -Remote: isynderlicoS, ungehende, iltlic -Remote, separate (from): iscired, forscired0 , syndorlic .(Of travel) travening many lands, distant: wid

277

05.10.05.01 A little way, no great distance .Oaterloatmost, distant: utera.lytera, utmest/Yt(e)mest ..Most remote: endenlhst ..Quite apart: nydsyndrig° .(Of mountains) standing apart, lnac.usslble: syndrig .Beyond, further away, at a clistaace: ufor, iittor ..From/at a distance: feorr, feorran ..From a distance: widan ..Tbus far: hCrto ..From further: feorlicor 0 ..Still further: (ge)riimlicor, rumor .Far, to a great distance: lange ..Far from: unneah ..Far and wide: feor and wide, wide and side ..Far and near: feorr and neah ..From far and wide: widan and sidan ..From far and near: feorran and nUrl ..Far, widely, to a clistaace: feorr, wrde ..Widely: bride, side, wide, widlesteq •To distance one thing from another: toberan ..Not to allow to remain together: totweman .To place at a distance, segregate: iscirian, isyndr(i)an, (ge)sceadan, tOsyndrian, totwltman .To be distant, stand apart: tostandan .To sit at a distance: tosittan° 05.10.05.01 A little way, no gaeat distance: hwon, unfeor .Tbat which is to hand: gchcndnes .Nearness, neighbourhood: gehcndnes, nCahnes, ncawest ..Neighbourhood: neahdltl 0 , neahland0 ...Neighbourhood, a place near: ne.Ah.;tow -A neighbouring town/village: ncahtiin° ...Nearby mountainous country: ncahheahland0 .(Of distance) little, short: lytcl .Near, close at band, neighbouring: neab, n~ic ..Neighbouring, not: gchcndc ..Neighbouring: ymb(gc )sett .In juxtaposition, close (to): gctang, gctenge .Placed near (in retinue): neahgangol0 .aose against, lying in/by, toocblng: getcngc ..Near to, mting on: getangc

278

05.10.05.02 Extension, stretching .Contipous, In contact (with): gadertang, tC>g~ .Near, at haNI: gehcndc, nbh • ..Near, dose by: aetrihtes, n&n, onemn, getenge, unfeor Q>anon) ..At haNI, within reach, near: aet banda, gearwe, to banda, ymb handa ..Not far away (from): lythwon, unfeor ... (fram) ..Equally near: efennbh -Very near: fulnbh .Close by, nearer: beheonan, hideror ..Nearer aNI nearer: near and near ..Nat, nearest: to ..Nearly, closely: ncalice -From near: n&n •Together, In eontad/jmtapollition: getanglice0 , tosomne .To be neigbbourlna, to Mghbour: ymbsittan .To touch, come In contact, be contipoas with: (ge)grlpian, (ge)gretan,

o)>hrlnan, ge)>Wdan •To abut on: ut sceotan See 12.06.03.03 Neighbour

05.10.05.02 Extmsion, stretcbing: ipenenes0 ' , )>enning .Distension, stietchl111: to)>enednes', to)>ening°' .Extension (of boundaries), mendl111: cymet -(Of land pined) an atension: rYJnet .Strdcbed out, atencled: abntded, ireaht, btreht -E:dended, spread out (over): t6spntd .Large, broad, far-reachlna: brid, riim, sid, widbrid0 P, ynnenP .Equal in extent: efenlang, efenlic ..As broad as 10111: efenbrad -As long as broad: efenlang .To reach, extend: bebugan -To exteNI, reach (to): bridian (oJ>), bntdan (to) .To reach over, extend (to): gin, gangan, licgan (to), (ge)ritcan, sidian°P .To stiekb out, extend (In a line): i)>enian .To stretch, atend (oneself after sleep): itybtan, raxan° .To sbetcb out, extend, bold out: astrcccan, strcccan, tinnan, (ge)J>ennan ..To bold out, reach forth: Hean, ipenian, gespntdan' .To stretch, extend, beNI: on)>enian' .To extend (/?tauten): ipenian

279

05.10.05.02.01 Diffusion, effusion, spreading

05.10.05.02.01 DUrusion, efrasloa, spread•na: istrowenes', bntding, spn!dung°', togotennes .scattered, spread about: tOdrifen, tostrogden ..Widely scattered: sid, wid, widsceop0 P, widscofen°P •Widely, in diffeftllt places: wrde .To cllffuse, spread, spread about: isprCadan°', ispringan, ityhtan, il>cnnan,

ged&lan, (ge)scCadan, teldian, tobredan, toflowan, togeotan, (ge)t>ennan ..To spread, be diffused: (ge)springan .To spread over: geondgeotan, geondscndanP, geondspringanl, geondstregdan, oferweaxan See 05.10.04.04.01Dispersion; 05.10.05.04.12.01 Bespread 05.10.05.02.02 Greater, biger: mi .To extend, enlarge (space ftlatiom): (ge)bntdan, geondbn!dan, (ge)rYman •To extend, increue the amount of: (ge)lengan •To enlarge, make broad, extend in size: tbnldan .To expand, make bigger: upibregdan .To stretch (out), utend, enlarge: apenian, (ge)reccan .To make peat, extend, enlarge: lllZrsian .To make broad, extend, spread: (ge)bn!dan .To become enlarged: (ge)greatian .To become broad, expand: bridian •To become wider, widen, grow wide: wfdian .To broaden: bridian .To spread out, extend, expand, dilate: lbn!dan, (ge)bntdan, tobledan', tOl>redan, t&prl!dan See 03.03.04.01.01 Bigness 05.10.05.02.03 To n:duc:e, make thin(ner): iJ>ynnian' .To diminhb, n:duc:e, curtail: genierwan, get>ynnan .To make narrow, contract: genierwan .To constrain, pinch, constrict: get>ringan .To press together, compress, squeeze: (ge)t>Cowan .To pinch, squeeze: twengan •To become smaller, to shrink: (ge)nearwian .To shrink together from beat or cold: clingan .To contract: genierwan .To wrinlde, shrivel, contract: (ge)hrimpan, gesneorcan' •To contract, shrink: scrimman°, (ge)scrincan See 05.09.04 Reduction 280

05.10.05.03.01.01 Breadth, width across 05.10.05.03 A men w•re of distance: gemet. spynl' .A league: J&>wc°' .A mile: nu1, nu1gcueJ ..A milestone: mna stln, mDgemet°. mflstlnq .An acre: a:cer .A fmloaa: furlang ..A stadium (tnllllatina Latin): furJang .A rod: rOd .A yard: gierd, metgeard .A pace, step, stride: totes trym, fbtl&st, suepe, stntdc°'. strideog ..A foot: tbt, fOtm&I, ~tgemet .Span of outstaekMd arms: fa:l>m ..A cubit: fa:l>m ..An ell (eJbow to middle finger): cJn, mannes cJn .A Mnd: hand, handJcng(u)0 , mund ..A hand's width: handc brid ..A span: handbrcd, sccafta mund, spann ..A 8nger's lqtb: fing~J ..An inch: yncc .Measured in miles: mflgcmcarccs0 P .Measured in fathoms: fa:l>mrimcs0 P .Measured in feet: fbtgemcarces0 P .EU-length: elngcmct°P .Two 8ngers broad: twifingre0 .Three 8ngers broad: l>n1ingre0 .Of the tbidmea of a thumb: l>ymcle0 See 04.02.03.03 Land measure 0

05.10.05.03.01 Length: istrowencs0 ' . Jang, langncs, langsumncs, lcng(u) .Long: Jang, Jangsum - Very long: Jnistlong ..Twice as Jona: tii swi lang(c) 05.10.05.03.01.01 Breadth, width across: bn!d(-u/-o ), widncs, widu/wide .Broad, wide: brid, ynncnP, wid .Tbkkness, breadth: greatncs, l>icnes .Tbkk, wide: brid, l>icce .Narrow: sma:J, l>ynnc, unbrid •Tbla, not thick: l>ynnc See OJ.OJ.OJ Thick 281

OS.10.0S.03.02 Shortness 05.10.05.03.02 Sbcu1utr1: scortnes .Short: scamm, scort 05.10.05.03.03 Height, loftiness, sublimity: oferhllfung&, sticolnes0 g .Height, tallness: hlanes, langsumnes, Iengl>u. Ieng(u), iipnes0 g ..A height, high place: beanes, hrehl>u -The highest point, top, apex: hrof, ord .Distance from hue upwards, altitude: hrchl>u .High, tall: grCat, heah, tang, iipheah, iipledcndc0 P, iiplang -High in measurement: Mah .High, steep, lofty: brant, bealic, s~gcl, steap •Very high or tall: beahsteap0 P, ofcrheah0 P, steapheah0 P -Reaching to heaven: heofonMab0 P -Towering up: blifendc .High, having a lofty position: h&dl, heahsittendc, sticol .Placed at the top: beafodlic .Higher, upper. ufcrra, ufeweard, yfera ~Highest, utmost: ufemest, yfcmest .On high: bcalrce .SO as to extend to a peat height: h&dl -1Hgher (av): heahra, bealicor, ufcror, ufor -Highest (av): yfcmcst .At the top: ufan(e) -Right on the top: ufan ribtc .To tower up: istigan iip, hlifian, ofcrhh1ian, standan up istreht, torrian° 05.10.05.03.04 Depth, deepness: oosm, heanes .A deep place: d!opnes, heanes .Deep: brant, deop, heah .Deep, low, profound: ncowol, ncowollic .Bottomless: grundleas, ungryndc0 P .Deeply: deope .To get/become deep, deepen: (gc)deopian 05.10.05.03.05 Shallow: sceald, scealuq, undeop 05.10.05.04 Spatial relations: See 05.12.05ff Move

05.10.05.04.01 lmide, interior: f21>m. hrif, incundnes, wamb .Inner part or: inneweard

282

05.10.05.04.02 Face, swface .Inward, internal, In""', Interior: incund, inlic, innancund, innanweard, innecund, innera, inneweard, inweard, inweardlic •Wltlaln, lmlde: binnan, innan, inne. inweard, oninnan, wil>innan _Inner: innor _Innermost: innemest .Inwardly (In the heart): inlrcc, innan, inweardlrcc .lmfde there, therein: ~rbinnan, l>&r wil>innan .Wherein: ~rin •Therein, in that: ~ron .Tbfreln, Into that place: l>~rinne, l>l!ron, l>iderinn .To put in, place la: bescttan on, (ge)don inion, ingedon° •Within, inside (IOIDdhing): innan, inne on, on in •Within, into (IOIDdbing): innan

05.10.05.04.01.01 Tbe mlcldle: rnidd, rniddel, rniddeweard, rnidlen, midlung, midnes •Tbe heart or centre: heorte •Tbe midst of: middel .Euct middle: elemidde .Mlddle part (of a country): rniddeld&l 0 , rniddelgeml!ru 0 P .Mid, middle: midd, rniddel, middeweard ..Midmost: efenmid0 P, midlen, rnidlest, midmest .Middle, in the midst: on rniddan, tomiddes .Midway, halfway: healfweg°, midweg .Into the midst of: tomiddes 05.10.05.04.01.02 Contents, what ls lnduded: innung .Collection of weapons la forti8ed place: wambhord°P .To bold, contain: behabban, beniman, facl>mianP, healdan, (ge)niman .To contain, comprise, lnducle: belucan, habban, geinnian .To consist of: ~n/wesan on .To encompass, lndncle, contain: beclyppan, heron, gefCrlzcan, underfOn, ymbhabban .To DDload, dL!charge: onhladan°1 05.10.05.04.02 Face, llll'face: andwlita, ansien, bridnes, bred, oferblica0 1, wang .Brim, top: brerd .Uppermost, top: ufanweard

283

05.10.05.04.02.01 Exterior, outside of .Thereon, upon that: t>Cron, )>er on ufenan, )>eronuppan, ~r ilp, ~ruppan, 1>eruppc .Upon, on: onufan, onuppan .At, •gaimt: wil> .Upon, OD top of: bufan .Upon, above: ofcrufa', 1>erofer .Unto: wil>

05.10.05.04.02.01 Exterior, outside of: Dtanweard, iltera, ilterlic, iiteweard .Eldemal, not of the Inner man: utera/ytera .On the outside, on the surface: Otan, ute .Outwardly, externally: ut, iltane .Outside of, beyond: ut .Oat, outside: iite, iltweardes .On the outside: ibOtan, fit ibiitan .Outside: butan, l>~riit( e}, iit, utan(e), ute, ymb ... utan(e) ..From outside: utan, wil>iltan .Oat of doon, outside: onutan° .Forth, outside, oat of doon: utweard .Away, out: iweg, fram, ill, iltan, ute .Out, from home on service: ute .To bring forth/out: forledan, forl>bringan, forj>lcdan, (ge)yppan .To send forth: gefort>ian .Outside of (something): wil>utan 05.10.05.04.02.02 Under, beneath: under, undemeol>an, wil>neof>an .Beneath, below, underneath: bencot>an, ncot>an(e), on under, l>i!r under ..Lower, und~: nil>er(e), nil>eweard .To stand under: undergestandan .To put under/place beneath: underd6n°, underlecgan .Under: under ... ncol>an .From beneath: neol>an 05.10.05.04.02.03 Lakl below: nil>erheald0 P, ofdl!le, underled, under(ge)sett .Down below: hinder .(Of attitude or polition) down: ofdune .Down, downwards: idilne, idilnwcard°, dilne, nil>er(a), nii>efweard(es), ofdune, ofdiineweard(es), ofdunrihte0 , on dun(e) .Down, from above: idun(e), ofdilne, ufan(-e), ufenan .Directed downwards: ofdunehealdq 284

05.10.05.04.02.04.01 Uprightness, straightness .Downwards, turned downward: ofdiineonwend0 .To place downwards: underbregdan° .To place, ldllay down: idiine isettan, ihildan, ilecgan .To pat down, depoee: nil>erlsettan°1, ofdiinesettan' 05.10.05.04.02.03.01 A low position, the bottom: ni&>emes0 .A lower part: ni~1°P .Bottom ground, lowest point: botm, tot, grund .Low, not high: unheah ..Lower, low in position: neo)>anweard°', ni)>era ..Lowest: nil>emest -Lowest of all: undemi}>emestop .At the bottom of: nil>eweard 05.10.05.04.02.03.02 Reclining, rest: gehlinung .One wbo reclines: hliniend .That reclines, lying down: hliniende .Prone/prostrate: istreht, fort>llotenl, fotl>heald, neowol, nil>eristreht0 1 .To be at rest on, lie upon: (ge)hlinian, (ge)licgan, (ge)restan .(Of penon) to recline, rest: (ge)hlinian .To He down: (ge)licgan, gerestan .To He, be prostrate/recumbent: (ge)licgan .To cause to sink down. prostrate: onsteganP ..To prostrate oneself: istreccan .To rest/lean (on): hlinian, onhlinian, (ge)restan .To seat oneself up against (something): gesittan wit> .To rest on: (ge)restan •To He heavily/securely on: seomianP

See 02.05.04 Sleep 05.10.05.04.02.04 Above: bufan, ofer ( ... ) heafod, on Jofte, on lyfte, iiprihte,

wit>ufan, wit>uppon .On high: iiplic .Upwanh, up: ilpweard, ilpweardes .To be above: ofer(ge)standan .To rise, mount: hebban (iip) .To elevate, make higher: (ge)uferian 05.10.05.04.02.04.01 Uprightnea, stralgbtnea: rihtnes .A standlna position: steal! .Straight, erect: riht

285

05.10.05.04.02.04.02 Support, maintenance .Upright: ilph!ah. Oplang .Lying with face tua oed upwards: upiwend, ilpriht .Straight up, uprigbdy, eaecdy: ilp on geribte, upribte .Upwards: ilprihte, ilpweardes .To stand, bold (oneself) erect: (ge)standan •To stand up 11ttmy: striltian .To get up, get to one's feet: istandan, ilp istandan OS.10.05.04.02.04.02 Support, meintepance: ilpheald .A support, prop, crutch: crycc, stela, getrymedness, (ge)trymnes .Supported, upheld: onwnpoo0 _(Figurative) shouldered: gebrobt .Leaning against: onbield(cd) .To support, prop, lift up, bear: ifOn, ihabban, andwrel>ian°, iwrel>ian, (ge )beran, bewrel>ian°P, (ge)healdan, underberanS, underhebbanS, underlecgan, und~, underwre~ian, ilpiwegan, wegan See 17.03.02 Supporter OS.10.05.04.03 A line, continuous length: line .Flat: brid .Close to the ground, level to the ground: eo$lihtes0 , grundlinga ..Equally level: efenemnoS -Evenly, without inequalldes of surface: efenlice .To level, bring to a level with: efnan -To level: (ge)efnettan OS.10.0S.04.04 A descent, slope, iodine: of~le .Sloping, inclined: forl>heald, heald, hwemdragen°, obilde/obeaJdS, scyteheald(en )8, toheald -lndined forwards: fort>weard -Leaning against: wil>erhliniende8 .(Of bead) bent down, inclined: ibnigen, nit>eronwend0 .With length sh etching downwards: nil>eflang .To bend, incline: (ge)hieldan, (ge)hnigan, gehwemman, onbilgan, stilpian -To iodine to, bend towards: ahildan, toliltan° .To cause to lean, lean, Iodine: hl~nan°P OS.10.05.04.04.01 Steep: wil>efs~gers .Steep as a wall: weallst~ .Steeply, at a steep iodination: stzl>hlyplice0 .sloping steeply: scytehealdS 286

05.10.05.04.09 Side, quarter, direction

05.10.05.04.05 Stnlpt, direct: (ge)riht .Unbmt: ungebfged8 MRlglcl, that cannot be beat: ungebfgendlic .(Of a road) direc:t: gen°, gerid, gewiss .Rl&ht, due, in a sb alpt line: on gcrihte, rihte .Straight up: uprihte .Directly: rihte, rihtes, rihtlice, sceaftriht(e) .Without intermediate agency, dlnctly: gcgnunga .Straight on, without swerving: forl>rihte, gegnunga. unforwandodlice .To go direct/straight: gangan .. . gereht •To make straipt: gcrihtlecan .To came to movestraigbt (to): gcrihtan 05.10.05.04.06 Cross, tnnsvene, bent, crooked: )>weorh .Athwart, trannenely, obllquely,acroa: )>weores 05.10.05.04.07 A fort (in mer, ..ct, etc.): creowelq, twisla0 .(Of sbeam, road) bnmcblng: twisted, twisliht°, iitscyte, wreoq .To fork, branch: twifyrclian, twislian .(Of river's course) to Jut out: hyrnan 05.10.05.04.08 Crookedness, a crooked place: wOhnes, wntslq, wrltstq, wrengclq .Crooked: crumhlcrumpll, gewedS, woh .To gofmake crooked: lmicrran, gcwens 05.10.05.04.08.01 A bend: ciccq .A bend, a winding, tortuous way: hylcS .Winding, sinuom, full of bends: bogiht°S, b6smig8, cringolq, fz)>mcnde,

fz)>mlic, gewrinclod .To twist, bend, distort: gehlencan, t6wrl)>an, wnistan

05.10.05.04.09 Side, quarter, direction: hand, healf, side .Outer side: Qthea)foS .Side of house, ship, etc.: healf, side .IUgbtlleft (side): hand .On the flank: )>weores MOn/to one side: hider .From tbe side, lndlrectly: healfunga .Aloapkle: andlanges, on andlang, on andlanges, )>er onemn, )>erwi)> ..Aloaplcle all the way: I

287

05.10.05.04.09.01 Front .On this side of: beheonan .Beside, near: be healfe, birihte0 P, wit> .Along, by the side of: andlang, andlanges, on andlanges, tCiemnes .About. along: ymb(e) See OJ.OJ.OJ Direction

05.10.05.04.09.01 Front: forewcard .Front. placed in front: forewcard .In front: foran, fore, onforan, on forewcard(um) .Form1ost: fyrmest •With the face towards, fedn1: tOweard .Forwards (from upript position): fort> .To tum towards: abweorfan in .BefOR that: t>itrforan .In front of: ztforan, beforan, foran(e), fore, fom ongean, on . .. foran, tOforan, wit>foran, wit> ... foran 05.10.05.04.09.01.01 Head, front (position): or, ord .Forward, adl'1lnced: roipweard ..Foremost: fyrmest .More forwards: fur1>or .Form1ost. in advance: fyrmest .At the bead of: ztforan •To put/place before: foresettan 05.10.05.04.09.01.02 Front. beainnlng: forewcardnes0 .Pleceding, before-placed: foreset .Above, previously mentioned: ibufan°, bufan, herbufan .In the earlier part of: on foreweardum 05.10.05.04.09.02 Hinder part, rear: zfteweard .Hinder, lower: zfterra ..Hindermost: zftemest .Havina the eyes averted: framlece0 S, framweard .Hlndward, wrong end ftrst: hindeweard .Behind: zftan, zfter, zftewearde, hindan, hinder, on hindan, on hob, on list(e), wit>bindan .Beblncl. after: bezftan, behindan, wit>zftan .At the further end, at the tips: hindanweard0 P .At one's back: onbaccling .Having one's back tuaoed: on bzcling gewend

288

05.10.05.04. l l A circle, circuit. circumference .Back, behilMI (of looldn&): onbec .After (of dlnctioa): aefter .To remain behind: list weardian, swat>e weardian

05.10.05.04.09.03 Reverse, inverted: andelb&reS, onwended •Vice vena: ihwerfedum si]>e .To invert, turn upside down: onhwerfan, onwendan 05.10.05.04.09.04 Opposite (av): ongean, to emnes, l>~nogeanes, wil>ernehtes0 P .Over against, facln1, opposite (prep): foran(e) (on)gean, ongean, wil> 05.10.05.04.10 Amona: lmang, betweonan, inmang, gemang, mid, on(ge)mang, on ymbhwyrfte .Among otben/otber thlnp: h!rongemong .Amons (prep): betweoh, betweonan, betwux, on(ge)mang, on/in gemange, on(... ) middan, tOmiddes, under 05.10.05.04.10.0l lntaposed: betwuxgesett .To Ue between: betwux licgan .(Of interposition) between: betweoh, betweonan, betwux, be ... tweonum 05.10.05.04.10.92 Through (into and out): l>urh 05.10.05.04.11 A drde, dn:uit, circumference: ymblyt0 P .EodOIUft, act of enclosing: ymbfaestnesq, ymbstandednesg, utanymbstandnesog,ymbstand(en)nesg .An enclosed place: beclysingg, clysung, eodorP, ponic .An enclosure: faesten, (ge)feald, geard, glind0 , hecging, haegen/hagen, baga, hagin~. hecge, heyning°, lycceq, pearrq, pearroc, pundq, scrre ..An enclosure of furze: fyrspenn -An enclosure made with stakes: stacingq -Enclosure reached by a stile: stigelhamm ..A walled enclosure: caste! ..A locked enclosure: loca .Embracing, encompassing: fael>mlic .About, round, thereabouts: be iitan, on/in ymbhwyrfte, on ymbegang, l>~r onbiitan, l>i!r ymbiitan, Otan, ymb utan .About, around: ibiltan, onbOtan, ymb(e), ymbiltan ..All around: ymb(e)... (Otan) .About (movement about cenbT/uis): ibiitan

289

05.10.05.04.11.01 A bound, limit .In a drde, about: on hwcarfte .To pow about, surround: bcwcaxan, ymbweaxan° .To throw round. surTOU.Dcl: ymbwcorpan .To stand about or round: ymbstandan .To S111TOUDd, lie about, (en)compass: lbiltan bchringan, bcbilgan, bcfealdan,bcfOn, bcgin,bcgangan,bchabban,bchhtnanP,bchringan, bchwirfan iltan, bclicgan, bclOcan (mid), bcsellan, bcsettan, bcstandan (utan), bcwegan utan, bcweorpan, bcwindan, bcwnpan, call utan bchypan, utan bchringan, ymbclyppan, ymbfOn, ymbhabban, ymbhealdan°P, ymbhegian, ymbhlennans, ymblicgan, ymbsellan, ymbstandan, ymbtyman .To encircle, embrace: fa:pmianP, oferfa:pman, ymbclyccan, ymbfa:pmian° .To swathe, encompass, beset: bcsweppan, bcteJdanP, bcpringanP, fort>ylm(i)an, ymbhringan, ymbwindan .To S111TOUDd, enclose, confine: becnyttan on, bcfa:pm(i)an, begin, bcgyrdan, bclacan°P, bclucan, clyppan, forgyrdan, (ge)gyrdan, ymbclyccan°', ymbgyrdan, ymbsettan, ymbtynan, ymbwyrcan .About, around: ymb(e) See 04.02.03.0/.01 Enclosed land

05.10.05.04.11.01 A bound, limit: (ge)lllZre .Border, margin, edge: brerd. efes, ende, eort>gemitre0 , mcarc, ofer, ofes(c), Ora, Owisc, rand, rima, rimucq, rippq ..Border bounded by horizon: bring _Exbem~ or remotest limit: iltgenutreP .Lower edge: niperecg° .Llmltofajurisdiction:hring -Lawful boundary of land: rihtlandgemi:re0 , rihtgenutre .A land-boundary: epelmearc, landgemitre, landmearc, landgemirce, landscearu, (ge)mitre, mearc, gemierce, styntefes0 , nort>geltlZre, nort>mcarc0 • nort>westgemitre0 • supgemitre0 • supmearc0 • westmearc .Upper end, top end: heafod, ilpende, Opheafod .Outermost part, part nearat boundary: ende .Border of a wood: wudurima0 .Boundary of arable land: Yrt>mearc .Ancient boundary: ealdgeml!re0 .Boundary marked by logs: stoccgeml!re0 .A neighbourhood, neighbouring dbtrlct: efenehp .Bank forming boundary: hlinc, hlinc~w 290

05.10.05.04.12 The condition of being covered .Projecdng stone as part of boundary: hin .Boundary stone: tnL!rstin .Boundary strip: rinq .Boundary thicket: mearcgn!fa0 .Boundary tree: g~rtreow , mearctreow 0 ..Oak as boundary: lllZric° ..Thom .. boundary: mer1>m. nu!rj>yme0 0

.On the edge: eclinga .To bound, form the boundary (of land): healdan, tnL!ran .To fix the bounds of: g~rian, g~rsianq, (ge)mearcian, (ge)metan .To trace (a line, boundary, track, etc.): ledan .To march to, border upon, have as boundary: mearcian .To bold to a boundary, not paa a limit: healdan See 01.01.03 Water as boundary 05.10.05.04.11.01.01 Object placed u point to be reacbed, a llUU'k: mearc .A stake, post: staca, stlleferq .A beacon, mart: mean:, ticen ..Cl'OIS as mart: aescstederod0 , Iotm&I .To mart, give marting object to (a place): gemean:ian

See 06.02.06.01 Goal 05.10.05.04.12 The condition of being covered: ofertogennes .A covering: baelc0 P, besceadwung', bewrigennes, lol>or, helm, helung°S,

hleo, hlid, brof, oferhelings, oferwrigelsS, (ge)l>aca. geweald, wrigelnesoS, wrigels, wrigennesoS ..A p-ouncl-covering: eorJ>hele0 ..A cover, envelope: ymbfengS ..A cover(i.ng), wrapper: wulluc« .Covered: behroren, betogen, oferhangen, ymbhammens ..Covered, decorated: begoten, beslept, gewloh0 P .Under, within, covered by: under .To cover: iwreon, behwylfan, beteon, betredanS, beJ>ennan°P, bewegan, forbregdan, fortredan, forJ>eccanS, oferhelian, oflecgan, gescierpan, t>eccan. gewerian, (ge)wreon ••To cover over, cover: behelmianP, behlrdan, belecgan, bewefan°, beweorpan, bewreon, forlecgan, forwreonq, (ge)helian, oferhelian, oferj>eccan ..To cover over by J...ning against: behleonian° ..To spread, lay (down) on: (ge)bn!dan (on), onbn!danoS, (ge)streccan 291

05.10.05.04.12.01 To bcsprcad, cover with "To th as a co•ering: lecgan on "To work a co•erin& oftl', overlay: oferwyrcan "To lay over/abov&'upoa: oferlecgan "To impose, place on: onsettan "To cover with an awning: ofcrteldan°P .To act as a covering, ovenpracl, suft'use:: oferbntdan, ofergan .To cover (by drifting): oferdn"Tan •To cover thickly, choke: asw0gan°, oferhelian, ofersw0gan° .To cover over, conceal: ahelian', behydan, be}>eccan, (ge)helmian, oferwreon .To ovenbadow: bescead(uw)ian, oferhelmianOJ> .To lean/bang over: hangian .To wrap up, enwaap: befealdan, bewriJ>an, inbewindan'. oferwnpan, on gewltdian, utan ymbfOn, ymbfOn, ymbwreon° .To wrap, swathe: bewindan, ongefealdan°', sw$ian°, gewnpan See 04.05.04.05.01 Bedding; 09.05.04.01 Conceal OS.10.05.04.12.01 To bespnsd, cover with: bebn!dan°, bestyrian°, beteldanP, geondbn!dan, oferbntdan, oferbregdan, oferlltdan, oferlecgan, oferteon, (ge)J>eccan, wreon .To bestrew: begeotan, (ge)strewian .To bestaew, cover by scattering: bestredan, bestreowian, bestrel>l>an .To bnsk out over a suJface'ln patches: oferbregdan, tObrecan See 05.10.05.02.01 Diffusion OS.10.0S.04.13 A removal of that which obscures or conceals~ onwrigennes .Uncovering, exposure: blice0 .Not covered so as to be concealed, exposed: open .Not covered, without covering: nacod, open, unoferwrigen° "Without skin, peeled: ~felle, rindleas0 ' .To uncover: uniiwreon°', un}>eccan°', unwreon ..To remove a lid or covering: unhlidian .To remove a wrapping: onwreon .To unwrap: Hfan, onfealdan, onwnpan .To folcl/roU back: ongeanfealdan°g .To lay bare, divest, strip: abarian, barenian°P, barian, benacian', genacodian, ongierwan, gerCafian, ungierw(i)an, unscrydan .To strip off peel/busk: berendan .To peel, skin: pilian°, gerendrian° •To peel off, take off (skin/bark/busk): iiscealianog, beftean, berind(r)an 292

OS.10.0S.04.14.02 An opening/space in an enclosure •To tear oft, rip: lrjpanop •To pluck: hnoppian°', pullian .To peel, pare away: screadian

See 09.05.05 Reveal 05.10.05.04.14 An openlnc, apenme: eage, hot, mii~. ontjnnes .Opening, ad of opening: (ge)openung .An entity that opens: openere0 .Open (not shut): open .Open, not shut In: open, wfd .Unfenced, not endo1ed: untjned .Having two openlnp: twihlidede0 .Having three openings: ~n1llidede .To open, become open, make an opening: ontjnan, openian .(Of a door) to yield, give way, open: onieman .To bunt open, spriq open: tOspringan .To open, make open: ilynan, ondon, onhlfdan, onliican, onopenian°g, onpenn(i)an, (ge)openian .To open the mouth: ginian .To open a door, gate, etc.: (ge)openian .To bock (at) a door: cnucian, cnyllan .To throw open, fling open: ibregdan, weorpan iip .To WftDCb open, open fon:efully: onbregdan, scenan .To open, allow to bunt forth, unloct: ontjnan .To free of obstructions: undon, unliican .To and08e, open that which is doeed: (ge)rYman 0

05.10.05.04.14.01 A yawning, gaping opening: ginun~. ginun~. gypung°g .That gapes, yawning: giniende, giniend, gypigend°' •To gape, yawn: iginian°, cinan, cinnan°P, ginian, ginian, tOginanP .To open, spread apart, expand~ (ge)openian .To yawn, gape, open, awck: tOblidan See 05.10.03 Gap 05.10.05.04.14.02 An openlnr/space In an enclosure: .A pte: geat, hlid ..A low gate: hliepgeat ..A swing-gate: hlanungeatq, hlidgeat ..A tmmtile: tyrngeat° ..A ring-gate: bringgeat°P 293

gemy~.

wigJ>eorl0 g

05.l 0.05.04.15 Closure, being closed .Gate of a walled dwellinglforta ea: burggeat. fzstengeatP, fzstergeal° ..A dty-gate: ~terhlid0P, portgeal ..A side-gate, post.em gate: ludgztg ..A wall-opening: crypelgeat'l .A stile: stigel ..A beechwood style: b0cstige1° See 04.05.02.12 Gate

05.10.05.04.15 Closure, being dosed: fzstnung .Closed: beclysed .Closed, locked: belocen, fordytt .Closely shut up, secure, fast: fzst .Closed at one end: blind .Having a lid: gehlidod0 .Closed by a lid: hlidfzst° .Blocked, stopped up: forseten .Moutbless, without a mouth: miit>lcas0 P .Fast, firmly: fzste .To dose, shut, shut up: beclysan, bedOn°P, besdotan, betynan, dyttan, inbeliican°, (ge)lucan, (ge)tYnan .To dose, block up, block: fordyttan, forstoppian°, forpryccan .To dose, make secure in: geinseglian .To shut up in a building: bewyrcan .To shut up (a place), prevent entrance into: beliican, forscyttan, tYnan • To stop an opening (by a stone): fortrendan° .To stop, stop up, render unreceptive of: betYnan, fordemman°g, fordyttan, forhabban, forpyndan°P, forsittan, fortimbran8, fort>ryccan See 14.05.08.01 Prison 05.10.05.04.15.01 A bar, bolt: clysing, forcscyttels, grinde1°P .A bar closing a fence: hegsi&fOg .A stone dosing an entrance: locstin .A barrier, bar: clilstor •To fasten with a bolt, lock, bar: behzpsian°, besparriang, hzpsian, (ge)lucan, scyttan, gesparrian°g .To unbolt, push back a bolt: unscyttan° •To unlock: uninseglian, unseglian° See 17.03.10.01 Bolt 05.10.05.04.15.02 A wall: miir 0 P, wig, wean 294

0.5.10.06.02.01 A hemisphere .A dty·wall: ceasterweal1°, portweall .A dty·banier or defence: burglocaP

See 04.05.02.02 Wall 05.10.06 Form, sbape: andwlita, ansien, bl~. gef'Cgcdnes, hrw, hiwung,

(ge)licnes, li~n°', ~gwlite, on(ge)IIcnes, gesceap .Frame, stnlcture: hwyrfelq, gesteal .Biform: twibt~. twihfw(cd)e .Having three forms: t>ndZlcd, tmmwede0 .Having four parts: fil>erdZlcdS ,Septiform: seofonhiweoS .First-formed: frumsceapen .Symmetrical: get>werlic See 02.05.09.07 Appearance; 03.04 Form, ldnd 05.10.06.01 Not formed, without form: un(ge)hiwod, ungehiwodlic0 .Shapeless, formless: hiwt~. unhrwe°' .Not caeated, unformed, umbapen: un(ge)sce(a)pen 05.10.06.02 Rotundity, roandwss: tyrning .Spberidty, aJobosity: sinewealtnes .An orb, &lobular object: eppel, clrewen, bring, hwyrlling, trcndel, trinda,

t>Ot>or .A ditc (plane surface): trcndel .A drde, ring: ~. trcndel, wealte°', writ>a. ymbhwyrft ..A small ring: bringelq .A drcular llUU'k, ring: bring .A drcular band: hw~I .A hoop, drde: hoppe

.Roand: bealgq, sinhwyrfendeS, sintrc(n)dendeS, trindle .Rounded, round: hwyrftede0 S .Macie round: trcndeJed°S .Spherical, globular, round: sinewealt. sintryndel .Round, embossed: epplcdP .Clrcular, round: sintryndel .Cirmlar, round, cylindrical: sinewealt, sinhwyrfel .Ring-wile (in rings): on l>Qgwrsan, on bringwisan 05.10.06.02.01 A bemispbere: healftryndel .A bow (ai in saddle-bow): boga .Curved part of a yoke: geocboga'

29.5

05.10.06.02.02 Curvature, bend, twist .8eml-dmdar: healfsinewealt°S .An arch, vault: hwealf .Vaulted, conva: geap, hwealf, sincwealt

05.10.06.02.02 Curvature, b«m, twist: b&ming°I, gebfgcdncs, bfgels, biging, bigncs, bogctung°I, byge, gebygc0 , (ge)byht(c), ccareq, criiwq, crymbing°g, hylding°g, onbegnesll, wendeq, wih~. wridcq, yrnb(be)bigncs0 ,y111bgang,yrnbhwyrft .Bent, curved: gebend, gcbieged, gebogen, geap, hOced, wendsu111q ..Bent or taaued downward: nil>erbgen, nil>ergewend° .To bend, curve: (ge)bendan, (ge)bfegan, (ge)bilgan .To arch, bend over. hwielfan° .To bend, make curved: ibygan, biegan .To bead or atmd (a bow): }>cnnan 05.10.06.02.03 A drcular fold, coll: hring .Twisted, twiaed, carted: il>riwcn, iwundcn, (ge)wunden ..Double-twisted: twij>riwen -Twisted back: gecdlriweooS .To twine, twist, curt: iJ>riwan, bel>riwan°g, windan, wnpan .To entwine: befealdan .To twist, coll: gehrirnpang, windan .To twist, writhe: spinnan, J>ntstan, wrencan .To wind, worm, move as a serpent: slingan° 05.10.06.03 Projection, bead, abemity (otanytbing): heafod, Iii>, ord .A knob, button: cnopll .Headed, having a bead: gehcafdod°g -Three-beaded: 1>nncafedc0 .A beak-shaped thing: neb(b) .A tongue-shaped thing: tungc .A neck (e.g. of bagpipes): heals -Rid&ed: waled0 g .Projecting, standing up or out: sl!ap .Having great horns: ofcrhymed0 P •With x feet: infCte0 P, l>n1Cte, l>n10tedg .(Projecting, etc.) out, forth: forj> •To stand out, project, jut: forcgln, forj>hllfian°, forprkan, forj>ntsan, forj>stzppan, scorian, stician, totian°, J>unian, Qp igin .To make prominent, thrust out: lscCotan

296

OS.10.06.04 A comer, bend, angle

05.10.06.03.01 A point, spike, prickle: brord, onl, palstrg, pre, prica, pyncall .A sharp point: pricels& ..A mnning point:

orpmcpfl

0

P

.A pointed stict: pn, prcg«>& ..A stake: staca .A goad, thorn, prick: pricel, sticel, sticels .A bristle: byrst .Pointed, pricldy,sbarp: picecri, scearp .Sharp, pierdn&: hwzs0 P, teart _Very sharp: heoruscearp0 P, ungle&w ..Equally sharp: efenscearp0 P .8barpened, 81ed: gegrunden ..Sbarpened on grindstone: mylenscearpP .Edged, provided with edae: geecgode0 ..(?Sharp) edged: idig°P ..sbarp-ed&ed: scearpecgede0 -Kem-edged: scirecg°P ..Double-edged: twrbilleog, twrecge(de), twnafte0 g .Spiked, spiky: t11nihtg, gepned ..Having spikeslteetb/pronp: tindig°', tindiht -Three-pronged: l>rifyrclede0 , l>rig~redeq .Tbomy, full of prickles: l>meht. l>rnig ..Barbed with thorns: l>yrnen, l>yrniht ...S.vqely barbed: heoruh6ciht°P .Bristly: gebyrst' .Sharply: scearpe • •To sba•pw, pnt an edae on: ecganq .To provide with spikes: itimplian°

05.10.06.03.02 Hollow: bol .Hollowed oat: geholod •To bollow oat: holian •To KOOp out: hladan 05.10.06.04 A corner, bend, ancle: byge, crohq, healh, h0c, hwamm, hwemm, gehweorf0 , hyme, scf.ata, wincel .Anplar, full of comen: healhihtg, h&:iht(e), hymenog, hyrnfulg, hyrnig0 g .Triangular: l>rifel>r', l>rfhyrne(de), l>rfstjte -Wedge-shaped: gerede0 .Four-cornered: teowerecg(ed)e, teowerscyie0 , fiJ>ersct'"le

297

05.10.06.05 A fold, plait, wrinkle ..F~pointed:

f&>wergerede0 .Oblong: langwyrpe0 .Having five angles: fifecgcde0 .Having sb angles: sixhymcde°' .Hexagonal: sixecge(bi:re), sixecgede& .Eigbt-coa oend: eahtahymcde 05.10.06.05 A fold, plait, wrinkle: fild .A fold, ply: feald .To fold (over), fold: (ge)fealdan .To roll up: befealdan, befealdian°, onfeaJdanoS .To roll up, roll together: onwealcan, onwylwanog, tobefeaJdan&, gewealcan .To bind up, waeatbe, bind: iwrft>an .To curt: gecrimpanog 05.10.06.05.01 A wrinkle: hrympel°', rifeling°S .Wrinkled: rifelede°', gewrinclod .To wrinkle: geriftianq 05.11 A time, period of time: tid .A stretch/period of time: dzgtid, fzc, fzr, first, first(ge)mearc, hwt1, hwflfzcq, hwfll>rag0 , riim, rynei>rig0 P, tid, tfma, l>inggemearcP, l>rig .A division of the nipt, nicht·watch: heordnes, gehield, hierdnes,

nihtwacu0 P, nihtwzcce, wacen, wzcce .While, when: mid l>Y Q>e) .Meanwblle: imang l>im, betweonan, herongemang, ongemong l>isum/l>~m. l>enden .Meanwblle, wbilst: imang l>im l>e. betweoh )>em l>e. gemang l>i!m l>e. mid l>Y l>e. ongemong l>isum/l>i:m l>e. l>i hwt1e, l>ende(n), J>rige l>e. l>urhlonge0 P ..During a cea1aln time: binnan ..In bis time: on his dzge .(Of time) to pm, elapse: igin, igangan, iieman, ileorans, iscortian, beleorans, forl>(ge)faran, forj>gin, (ge)gin, gin fort>, (ge)iernan, gelij>an, oferfaran, geweorpan "To be consumed: wesan fomumen "To press on, ad~ roll on: on sittan, scrij>an .To pass/spend (time, e.g. a nicht): idreogan, ispendan, (ge)dreogan, l>urhdreogans .To use/employ (time in some pUrsult): ibisgian, (ge)dOn 298

05.11.01.02 Shortness/brevity in time

p••

..To the winter: oferwintran°' ..To spend one's Ille (in): ealdor gezfnan, (ge)eardian aet/in ..To IJ'OW old in, continue Jong: (ge)ealdian .Du.ring, in the coune of: imang, betweoh, betwux, binnan, iMan, gemang, ongemong, )>urh .In, witb (marldna ac:companylna cimJDMtallCft): l>urh

05.11.01 Lenatbfduntion in time: langnes, langsumnes .For a ti.me, for some time: hwaethwega, hwile, J>rige, widefeorbP, wideferhJ>P 05.11.01.01 Long duntlon, Jong space: langfCmesOll, langfirst°P, Ieng( u) .Lona, extended: Jang, langsum, micel, riim .Lasting, amurecl, granted for a Iona time: langtwidig0 P ..I .asting, permanent: Jang .Lifelong: ealdorlangP .Tedious, prolix, protracted: lang, langsum, langtoh' ..More prolix: lengtogra' .For a Jona ti.me: feorran, lange hwne, lange J>rige, langlice, langne fyrst, to langre hwile, to langum fyrste ..For a Jonaer ti.me: Ieng, ml ..For/during a Jona ti.me: lange, langsumlice ..Long ti.me, to a distant ti.me: feorr .To lengthen, IJ'OW longer: langian, ~n .To protract, extend: iteon, ij>enian, dragan, (ge)lengan 05.11.01.01.01 Eternity: l!wicnes0 S, ealdor, ecnes, endeleasnes .Eternal life, immortality: ilif, ece lif, lif, undcal>licnes .Eternal, everlasting: ece, ecelic, endeleas, endeleaslic, ungeendod. ungeendodlic, unhwOenP, unlene, untrdlic, widefeorhlicoS .Always, forever, eternally: I, Abot.an ende, efre, efrelrce0 , t!fre to ealdre, i fort> ece, Aon ecnesse, i woruld, i worulda woruld, ealne widan feorh, ece, ecelice, endeleaslice, in ecnesse, on ealdre, on ecnesse, on ecum l>ingum, on widan fCore, 01> on worulde, to ealdre, to ecum J>ingum, to widan ealdre, to widan tcore, to worulde, widan fCore, widan feorh, widan ferhl>, widefeorbP, wideferhJ>P .Permanently, without Passtnc away: ungewnendlice .To last, not to fall: (ge)l&stan See 16.01.02.03 Eternal life 05.11.01.02 Sbortnea/brevity in ti.me: hraednes, gebwaetnes, lytel, scortnes 299

05.11.01.02.01 Swift movement of time .A short period of time: hwflsticce, lytel, prica. stycce

..An Instant, a moment: bearhtm. bearhtmhwectP, bearhtmhwi1, beorhthwfl, brachwfl0 , eagan beorht, eagan byrhtm, handbwi1, preowthwn, princi .(Of dUl'lltion) limited, brief: imetendlicC, scort .(Of time) short, brief: gehwltde, lytel, medemmicel, scort, scortlic .Transitory, temponry: hwflen, hwi1(w)ende, hwflwendlic, h!ne, lenelic, lltnendlic, leorende, geleorendlicoS, tealt, trdlic, u1>gende0 , u1>genge, (ge)witen(d)lic .For a little while: gehwl!de, hwon, hwonlice, lYthwon -For a very short time: to swij>e scortre hwfle .For a time only, temporarily: hwflwendlice, trdlice .(Of dUl'lltion) to shorten: Jytlian, (ge)scyrtan

05.11.01.02.01 Swift movement of time: hrecdnes ..,eeting, transitory: iwegweard0 , fteonde, ftugol, heonanweard, hr~. hrecdlic, scort, tredre - Very quick: freahrzdS -Swift as an arrow: flinhrcd0 P -Speedy, that comes without delay: breed .Changing, transitory: hwearftic ..,actuating, stormy: yl>ig, yl>(ig)ende .Rapidly: geome .Quickly, shortly, briefly: hrecdlice, hrape, hwectlice .To move fast, happen quickly, hurry: efestan, (ge)hradian •To move swiftly, ftit: fteon See 05.12.03.01 Swift 05.11.01.03 Mutability: iwendedlicnes .The present (temporal) state: woruld .Temporal, not spiritual: hwfl(w)ende, hwi1(w)endlic .In this world, for • time: tidlice See 05. I 3 Change

05.11.01.03.01 Mortal state, this life: deadlicnes, deaplicnes .Brief span of life, transitory days: litndagasP .Earthly thiap, temporal possessions: woruld .Transitory, perishable: ileori(g)endlic, deadlic, deaplic, dreosende, dreosendlic0 , gedrorenlic, feallendlic, forwyrdende, forwyrl>endlic0 g, hreosende, hreosendlic, gehrorenlic, (ge)witende See 02.02.02 Mortality 300

OS.11.02.01.02 A time of celebration 05.11.01.04 Incorruption, lnmmaptibillty: un(gc)brosnung, unwcmming°S, unwcmmu .Undying, imperishable: undeadlic, undeal>lic, ungcwil.cndlic .Incorruptible, not liable to de ray: unifiilicnde0 ' , un(gc)brosn(ig)endlic, unforrotcdlicq, unforrotcnlic°', unforrotcslic°', unforrotigcndlic, unfiilicnde°', unfiilicndlic°', unfiilicndrelic°' .Incorruptibly: unbrosnodlice0 See 03.02.01 Decay 05.11.02 A time, particular time, occaslon: byre, cicrr, ~l. s&l, Sip, stund, tid, tima, l>rlg .A day/night (of time of oc-:waw:e): deg, dogor, nibt .A time appointed, a heel, proper time: indaga, intid0 P, firstmearc, hwn, ml!I, riht!ndaga, rihttid, rihttima0 , stefn, stund, tima .(Of time) fixed, set: lsct .Suitable, opportune: gclumpcnlic .When: mid ~iim. mid ~y. nii, J>i, ~~r. )>on(nc) .Wbeasoever. l0ca hwonnelhwaennc .When?: Ahwaennc, hwonnc ..Bow soon?: hwonnc er .Thea: ~i, ~r. )>on(nc) .At some time: hwilwn. hwonnc, sumbwaennc0 -One day: sume degc ..Another day: o~ deg .At any time: efrc. enc, ~r o~~ sll>. Ahwaennc, sll> ol>l>c er/~frc .(Of time) to arrive, be: standan .To h/appointa dateltenn: (gc)lndagian, (gc)scttan .At: mid 05.11.02.01 A dt.finite point of time, date: datarum .An appointed day: mldeg 05.11.02.01.01 An anniversary: gWe5 gchwyrft, gcmynd, gcmynddaeg, tid .Anniversary of a birth: gcbyrddaeg, gcbyrdtid, gcmynddaeg -A blrtbday: gcbyrdtid, gcbyrdtima, deg cenncssc .Anniversary ofa death: gcl!or(cd)ncs, gcwitenncs 05.11.02.01.02 A time of celebration: mersungtima0 .Festival time: cdm21c0 • , cdmeltid°, tid -Festival days: gilddagas°' -A festival: cdmeldaeg°, wcorJ>ungdeg 301

05.11.03 Period of time, era, epoch

-Time of a peat festival: h&hfm>lstrd" -A peat festival: heahfreols0 , heahfreolsdaeg° "Yule: geol ..New Year's Day: g!ares deg "I,ammas: blifnuessetrd0 ..A year ot jubilee: frColsg!aJ'oS See 16.02.04.04.02 Feast-day; 18.02.01 Festival 05.11.03 Period of time, era, epoch: ieldo, lid, Wna, woruld .The period otthe world's duration: woruldlrf .Life-span of anything: dzg, tima "Times, days (as 'our tima', etc.): dagas, tide .Tam of oftke, reign: deg, rice .The Christian dispe...atlon: godspelbodung .Belonging to the Christian dispenntion: godspellic See 02.01.02.02.02 Life-time; 02.01.04 Age 05.11.03.01 A year: g!ar, g!arf~ , missereP .or twelve months: twelfmOnat> .or thirteen lunar months: t>zs m6nan g!ar .Years: winter, wintru .Annual: g!arlic .I -ting a year: gearlic ..Forming part of a year: g!arlic "Ten years long: tienwintre ..Forty years long: teowertiggeare0 .Every year, yearly: g!arbwimlfce0 , gwlrce, g&lnrutlum0 P .For a year: gearlanges0 .(In) this year: nu to geare, to geare See 16.02.04.04 Liturgical year

0

05.11.03.01.01 A Mlf.year: missereP 05.11.03.01.02A1ea110n of the year: trd, tima .Herring sea80D: hl!ringtima0 .Tl.me for sowing: sedtima0 .5easonable for sbad: scuddgengeq 05.11.03.01.02.01 Spring: bstre, g!ar, len(c)ten, lenctentid, lenctentirna .Early spring: foranlencten° .Spring eqalno:s: ~ lenctenlic efenniht 302

05.11.03.01.03.01 Specific months .A sprina moath: lenctemn6nal>0 .Sprina, of sprina: bsterlic, lenctenlic

See 16.02.04.04.02.01.02 Lent 05.11.03.01.02.02 Sam.mer: sumor .MkhnmllMI' (24th Jane): middansumer, midsumer, sumomuesseq .8ummer, of summer: sumorlic .8ammer-lona. •a 1111DU11er'1 day: sumorlangP .To dnw on towards mmmer: sumorlkan° 05.11.03.01.02.03 Autumn; urfest •Tbe autumn equinox: s&> urfaestlice efenniht .Autumn .. barvat-tlme: haerfest, urfesttid, urfesttima0 , onrfptrd°, riptima

-Tbe month of harvest: urfestm6nal>0 .Autumnal: urfestlic 05.11.03.01.02.04 Winter: winter, winlettfd .Midwinter: middanwinter, midwinter .Wintry, (of) winter: winterlic .To P'OW wintry, dnw near to winter: winterlkan 05.11.03.01.03 A moath (lunar or calendar): mOnal> .A calendar month: cilend Monthly: m6naJ>lic, mOnelic 05.11.03.01.03.01 Spulftc months: ,January: ianuarius, se aeftera gecila .February: februarius, solmonal> .March: hlyda, hn!ddK, hre}mtOnaJ>, martius .April: aprelis, eastermOnal> May: mlius, )Jrimeolce, IJrimilcemOnal>q .Jane and July: lij>a. lij>llnOnal>q ..Jane: lyl>a, midsumermOnal>q. se ~rra IYl>a. seremona&>q ..July: giululing°I, Julius, lyl>a, ~onal>q. se aeftera lyl>a .August: agustus, urfest, rugem0 • weodmonal> ,September: urfestm6nal>0 • hlligml>nal>. september .October: october, octobermonaJ>0 , winterfylledm6nal>. winterfyllel> .November: blOtmOnaJ>, nouember, nouemba1nona1> .December and J•nu•ry: gecila 303

05.11.03.01.04 A week ..December: december, decembcrmOnal>,

g~la, g~lmOnal>',

midwintermonal>q. se erra g~la 05.11.03.01.04 A week: wucu .In duty periods of a week: ymbe wucstemne &e 16.02.04.04.02.01.03 Holy week

05.11.03.01.05 A day: dzg, dogor .A day of the week: wicdeg .A week-day, working day: weorcd&g, wicdeg .A day's space: dzgtid, dzgl>em. hwn, niht, nihthwi1° .Eve, evening before a day: l!feo .A winter day: winterd&g .A market day: ceapdeg&, cypedaeg& .A wished-for day: dzgwilla0 P .A period of three days: l>RC>nibt°P, j>ridzgl>em0 g .A period of four days: feowerdogors .Dally: dzg(ge)hwamlic, dzggehwilc°', singal .(Of day) weekday, not Sunday: wucu .(Of day) ordinary, private: syndorlic .(Of day) present, very: dzgenlicO, dzgj>erlic .Forlofaday:dzgryneS .Fordayu.se,everyday:dzgl>emeS .Lasting a day, for a day: dzglang .Lasting one day: indzgeP .Lasting two days: twfdzglic0 .Lasting three days: l>reodzglic0 .Lasting four days: feowerdogors .(Of day) lengthening: langiende ..Shortening: sconigende .(Of day) having a Joas momlng: morgenloog°P .By day: deges, on dzg .All day long: andlangne dzg, deglanges .Every day, daily: dzghwim, dzg(ge)hwamlrce .To-day: heodzg°P, to dzg(e) .On the nme day: Idzges, to Ines dzges .(Of days) to grow short: onsceonianq, sconian 05.11.03.01.05.01 Spttifk days: .Sunday: sunnandzg 304

05.11.04.01.01 Dawn, daybreak, sunrise

..Mondaa: sunnanmergeo0 ..Evening: m0nanl!fen°, mOnanniht .Monday: mOnandzg ..Evening: trwesniht° .Tuesday: trwesdzg ..Evening: wOdnesniht .WMnaday: wOdnesd&g ..Evening: l>u~fcn°, l>unrcsnihtunresdzg ..Evening: frig~fcn, frigcniht .Friday: friandzg°', frigcdzg ..Evmlng: 12tcrniht° .S.tunlay: 12tcrdzg, 12temdzg, 12tcr(ne)sdzg ..Evmlng: sunn&nefcn, sunnanniht .Tbe time before daybreak on Sanday: sunnanilhta See 16.02.04.04.01 Sabbath 05.11.03.01.06 An boar: bwt1, trd .A winter-hour: winterstund°P

See 16.02.04.05 Canonical hour 05.11.04 Day and nl&bt: 05.11.04.01 Day (not nl&bt): dzg .Daylight, bN•d day, daytime: dzgtrd, dzgtrmaoS, hlOttor dzg, l&>ht dzg .Early part oftbe day: forandzg .Early day, early morn: l!rdseg, !!ring, ermorgcn, iihta(n)trd, iihtantima0 ,

ilhttfd ..Prime, tbe fbwt boar: prfm .(Of monaJna) early: l!rlic, l!tmorgenlic', erncmergcnlicoS, forewcard, iihtlic .Early la tbe morning, at/towards daybreak: l!rlice', on dagunge, OD ilhtan, tO l>iJn l!rdsegc, tO ilhtes ..Very early la tbe momln1~ on ealne l!mcmcrgen 05.11.04.01.01 Dawn, daybreak, sunrise: dzgr&i, dzgrima, dagung, &rendel, morgen .Rusblnoise of dawn: dzgr&iwOmaP, dzgwOmaP .Ltpt of dawn: dzgredl&>ma0 , fruml&>ht°, lihting, morgcnleohtP,

rodorlihtung°' .Belonging to tbe dawn: dzgr&ilic 305

05.11.04.01.02 Morning .To dawn: (ge)dagian, fnunlyhtan°, inlixan', l!ohtian, (ge)llbtan 05.11.04.01.02 Momlna: mergendzg, mergentid0 P, morgen, morgendzg°, morgentid, undem, undemml!l .Tblrd hour: undem, undemtid, undemtima .Morning, matutinal: mergenlic, morgenlic, morgentrdlic0 s, Uhternlic0 S .In the moming: on mergen, on morgen ..In the early moming: to undeme(s) ..In the middle of the momlna: to middes mergenes 05.11.04.01.03 Mid-day, noon: middzg, middzgtid, middcldreg .Afternoon: geloten dzg, ofemon°1 ..Ninth hour: non, nontid, nontima0 .Mid-day, meridian: middzglic, middandzglic0 1 .(Of noon) high: hCah .At mid-day: midne dzg, to middes dzges .At noon: to nones .In the aftemoon: ofer midne dzg 05.11.04.02 Nlght, nlght time: niht, nihtemes0 .Evening: zfcn, efenrcpsung. efcntid, zfcntima. itfnung, cwildtid', efems. cfcmtidl. foranniht, rcpsung ..Quiet of the evening: smyltnes ..A time of silence: silncs, swignes0 S, swigtima0 , swigung .Time for going to prayer: gcbedgibt0 8, (gc)bedtrd .Evening, of the evening: zfenlic', cfcrnlic' .Nocturnal, of the night: nihteme, nihtlic .Durlnglfor a night: nihtlang ..Lasting a night: nihtcmc .Lasting seven nights: seofonnihte .Far on, late in the day: langc on dzg .This evenlna: to atfcn .At/by night: nihtemum, nihtes .Nlghtly: nihteme .To grow towards evening: (gc)itfenla!can, (gc)a!fnian 05.11.04.02.01 Suneet: sctlgang, sctlrid0 P, sctlung, sunnan sctlgang .Gloaming, evening twilight: atfcnglom(a), atfcnglomung, degred, deorcungs. glom0 P, glomung, nihtglom0 P, scima. tw!onel!oht0 S .Evenina llght: atfenleobt°P, atfcnscima0 P .Nlghtf.U: atfcnrepsung, niht, repsung 306

05.11.06.02.01 A calendar .Flnt boon oftbe nisht: cwildsetcns, cwildtrd' .Night, darlmea of nisht: niht. nibthcbnP, nihtscQaP, sinnibtc .To become nisht, grow darlt: gcnihtian 05.11.04.02.02 Midniabt: middelnibtP, midde(r)niht, midniht .At mldnisbt: to midrc nihtc 05.11.04.02.03 Lut boar of tbe Digbt, just before daybreak: iihtc .Cock-crow, boar before dawn: hancred, hancredtfdoS .Cock-crow: hanasang° 05.11.05 A dial, borlop: dzgm&I .A sundial: s0Jmerca0 .A water dock: weterwn~°'

05.11.06 Coanelcyde of time: (gc)gang, hring, hwyrfcl, hwyrfolung, ryne, trcndcl, ymbrync .Cycle (ofyean): hwcarft .Fifteen-year cycle, lndktion: gcbann, ticcncircol •Year of tbe indlction: gcbannglar .Five-year period, lustrum: fee, fifglaJ' 0 S .Tbne-year period: J>riglarc .Double period: twlhwyrft' See 05.02.01.01 Course; 09.03.07.07.03.04 History 05.11.06.01 Cycle of tbe year: glarrync0 .The sun's year: ~re sunnan gear .An equinox: cfcnniht. cmnibtcs deg .A solstice: sungihtc, sunnstcdc .Kalends: l>i cilcndas, l>i clypunga, gchealdagas0 1! Jdes: idus, swatsenddagas, swatsingdagas0 S .Nones: nonas .Equlnoctial: cfcnneabtlic0 05.11.06.02 Reckonlng./computatlon of time: gerim, telmcarc0 P .Reckonln1 by years: gcargcmcarc°P, gcar(gc)rim, wintcr(gc)rimP .Reckoning by days: niht(gc)rimP .A cycle for computation: circul, gctelcircul 0 ' .An erroneous cycle: gcdwolhring° 05.11.06.02.01 A calendar: gcrfm, ri~ft 307

05.11.06.02.02 A calculated space of time .In book form: gcrfmb6c0 .Skill in me of caleadan: (ge)rimcreft

See 01.02.01.01.02.01.0l 'Zodiac 05.11.06.02.02 A calculated space of time: gcrfm, geuel .A team, fixed elate or period: tennen .A number ofyean: gcargetzl, winter(ge)rimP, wintergeuelP .A number of months: cilendcwide0 P .A number of clays: dzgrimP ..A regular number of clays: rihting .Regular clays in compatadoa: regulares, rihtinge ..Lunar regulan: lunares

..The concurrents: concurrentcs, samodrynelas0

05.11.06.02.02.01 Atijnstment In calcnladon: .Epacta: epactas .Year with exba month: pn1ij>e0 .A leap year: bissextus ..Extra clay In leap year: bises0 P , bissextus .Day left over In calculadon: oferd2g0 .(In Easter calcnladon) containina nineteen: nigontYnlic0 .(In calenclar calculation) backwards: upweard

05.11.06.03 Lunar cyde of nineteen yean: ticencircol .Time occupied by lunar revoludoa: )>es mOnan gm .(Of moon) malntalnlna a aeaaonal coane: tidgenge08 .(Of moon) monthly, tunar: monal>lic, monelic 05.11.06.03.01 Time/period of the moon: mona, monan ieldo 05.11.06.03.01.01 Time of full moon: monal>fylen' 05.11.06.03.01.02 Wanlnaoftbe moon: wanung .That wanes, wanlna: wanwegende0 .To wane: wanian 05.11.06.03.01.03 Newness/a mceat ph•se: nfwnes .New: nrwe .(Of moon) to chanae, renew: genfwian 05.11.06.03.01.04 (Of lunar cyde) so many nlpts old: lnnihte, eahta nihta eald, fCowemihte, fCowertrenenihte, fifnihte0 , fiftiene nihte, 308

05.11.07.03 Former times, days of old nigonnihte0 , seofonnihte, seofontrenenihte, sixnihte, sixtjnenihte, tiennihte, twinihte, twelfnihta. tw!ntiges nihte, twinihte0 , l>rinihte0 P 05.11.07 RelatiYe time:

See 09.03.02.03.01.02.03 Tense 05.11.07.01 Contemporary,coe'Ylll: efeneald .Coalsteat (otthe Father and the Son): efeneardigende, efenwesende0 P .A coeval: efenealda .At the same time: aetgaedere, aetsamne, forpmid, mid, samod, sona swi,

tosomne, t>znnid .At once, forthwith, immediately: edfeP, zne, bealde, bealdlfce, efne (nii),

endemcs, fzringa, fttrlicc, faeste, faestlice, forhral>e, framlice, freaofcstlfcc°', full rat>e. full ricene, gegnunga, higendlicc0 , hraedlice, hrat>e. instaepe(s), instedef!, is1)>es0 , lungreP, nii, recenlice8, rihte, samJinga°', samnunga, samtingcs, semninga, sneomeP, sniide, s0na, stunde, l>ttrrihte, l>zrrihtcs, J>onne ••Phrases: aet frumcirre, call endemes, efne nii, in staepe, nii hwaenne, nii rihte, of stede, on inne si)>, on styde, s6na aefter, s6na eft, swi hrat>e swi, to timan, ymbe hand 05.11.07.02 The pnsent (time): andweardnes .The present state ot existence: woruld

.Present: andweard .Now, at the present time: nii, nilnaq, nil l>i. to }>ises .Nowadays, at present: nu hwflum, to daeg(e)

Just now: furpum, nu, nu hwonne .Here, at this point/juncture: her .Herewith: herwil> .With that, therewith: }>znnid .Until now: 01> nu, 01> l>isum .At this point: ymb(e) .About: onbutin .To be current/prevalent: genge beon/wcsan ••To be In season: gengan ..To become current/prevalent: weorpan genge 05.11.07.03 Fonner times, days of old: ealddagas, (ge)fyrndagas, geardagas .Day of old: geodaeg .A year Iona gone by: fyrngcar .Antiquity: gefyrnncs

309

05.11.07.03.01 Time within remembrance

.Hoariness: ha!ru°' .Put, p••ed away, gone: Agin, lumen, beleorendlici, forplgln, forpiumen,

forpgiten°, forpgewiten, ofgebfged8 ..Lona-past: gefymgewiten° .Ancient, former, earlier: cald, fym .Of early times, authoritative: caldlic .Primitive, early (e.g. or church): caldlic, frumcennende, frymplic .Formerly, Iona qo: zrhwilwn, for lange, (ge)fym, geant. geara iii, g~agum. geo, geo itr, geo dagum, geo gcara, geo hwilwn, on ~r. on zrdagum .Historically: s~rlice S .Ago: p&s ymb(e), ymb(e) .Once, at some former time: &ne

0

See 09.06.01.01 Tradition 05.11.07.03.01 Time within remembrance: gemynd .The preceding year: fymgear .Recently: sJl>lice .Not long ago, lately: unfym, ungeara .The day before: d&g l!r ..Tbe day before yesterday: on ~m) itrran d&ge .On a former day: on zrran d&ge 05.11.07.03.01.01 Yesterday: gisterd&g0 S, gistran d&g, gyrs(t)andzg •Yesterday evening/night: gyrstan zfen, gystran niht .Of yesterday: giestemlic, geostra ..That happened yesterday, a day old: nihtcald .Yesterday: geostran, giestran ..Yesterday evening; giestrana!fenne 05.11.07.03.02 Earlier, antecedent: foregangende .Former, earlier: ltrra .Done before: l!rgedon, &rgefremed0 .Previously imtructed: zrgel~red°g .Earlier, before, formerly: l!r, zror, zr pissum, l!r pan, etforan,

beforan (a!r), beforan pissum, forane, foran to, fore, gefym, geo, on l!r, wipforan, wipufan ..Long before: Jang ltr .Already: nii gco, pi geo .Stlll, yet, as yet: g!n(a), giet(a), nii gen, nii giet, ponne gyt 310

05.11.07.04 Future, time to come .Yet, still, hitherto: g~n(a), gfet(a) .Since: 1>nne Q>e) .Until: hwonne, o)>, o)> )>ct Q>e), swi lange (o)>) )>ct, to l>on )>et .Before: etforan, beforan, foran, fore, onforan, toforan, )>a ymb

05.11.07.03.02.01 A precunor, one wbo goes before: foregenga, foregengel0 , foreiemere, forerynel, foresteppend, wrcsc!awere0 .Pnced•na: fort>ymende .To go before: forecuman See 05.12.05.08 Precede 05.11.07.03.02.02 The aforesaid: se gemyndiga .Afo.n 11ld, •hove mentioned: l!r(ge)nemned, bufan(ge)cweden, bufannemned0 , bufansprecen, forecwcden, foremcarcodS, forenemned0 , fo~d. foresprecen, gemyndgod .Above written: forewriten .Before, prevlomly: h!rbeforan, ha beufan .To meation before, 18)' already: foresecgan See 09.06.02.01.01 Make known 05.11.07.03.03 Old, not new: eald, frod, bAr .Old, hltvlng basted long: eald ..Hoary: hirwelle0 S .Ancient, of time long put: eald, frameald°, gamolP ..Ancatral: fzderlic .Ap, oldness of world: gbrgetel .Ancient tndltloalordl,,.nce: fymsaegen°P, geset(ed)nes •To ll'OW old: gamolianop, onealdianS 05.11.07.04 Future, time to come: toweardnes .The future state: fo£l>gesceaftP, toweardnes, woruld .The life to come: o)>er Irf .Lllter times, clays to come: zfteryldo, siJ>n lange .Paucpectlvely, looldna to tbe future: fo£l>weard .From now: heonan 311

05.11.07.04.01 Nearness, approach, imminence .From this time forth: fort> heonan, forweard, heonan, heonan fort> .Hereafter: eft, giet(-a), heonan, benefter, her bacftan .To be (future): ~n •WUVsball (as amlllary for future): willan .Towards: ongean, togcanes

05.11.07.04.01 Nearness, approach, lmminence: neahtcung, neawung0 S, toweardnes .A time dose at band: neabtid0 .At band, imminent: actwesende, gebende, n!ah, toweard .Threatening, impending: on~tends, snild .Shortly, before long: hracdlice, hral>e. scortlice, s6na, un(ge)fym, ungeara .Near, at band, imminendy: gehende, neah ..From a time near at band: nean .Nm year: ot>er gwa .(Of time/event) to draw nigh: (ge)neaJecan .To approach, threaten: onstandan, onwunian .Near: gehende

05.11.07.04.01.01 (To)morrow: morgen, morgendacg, se morgenlica dacg .Of tomorrow: morgenlic .Tomorrow: on morg(en)ne, to mergen, tomerigen, to morgen 05.11.07.04.02 (Of time) later/latter: acfteweard, ufeweard .(Of things in time) later/latter: acfterra, n&r, uferra, yfera .Late, well·advanced: lact .Hindmost, last: hindemaP .Last: geongest, letemest .After/afterwards: t>acs (l>e), ymb(e) .. . J>acs l>e .Then, from that time: 1>anon, J>anonfor1>, J>on .Thereafter/after that: acfter J>on, si)> J>im, J>i, l>~racfter, J>onne .After, afterwards, later: acfter, acfter si)>facte, acftumq, eft, fort>. furJ>or, si)>, si)>et0 S. si)>lfce, sil>l>a. siJ>J>an, ufor -Long afterwards: tang . .. sil>l>an -Longer: Ieng .After, later: acfter l>Y, si)>or .Below, hereafter: be&ftan, eft •To follow, ensue, be tbe outcome of: folgian, (ge)fy lgan .When, after: J>onne 312

05.11.08 A suitable time, OJ>POrtUnity .After, beyond: beeftan, begeondan, bufan, onufan, ymb(e)

See 05.12.05.10 Follow

05.11.07.04.02.01 Succasion: aefterfylgendnes0 S .Succeuion to an oftlce: aeftergcngncs .A suttessor, one who follows: aefterfolgere, aefterfylgend, aeftergenga, aeftergengelq, folgere -One who lives to speak pnlw: aeftercweJ>end ..A successor to an otftce: aeftergenga, folgere .Succeuive, next. following: aefterfylgende, aefterfylgcndlic, aefterra .In succession: aefterfylgendlice -In succession to: on liste .Next. then: t>~r nchst, ~rto, l>onne .To come after, come next. aw: aefterfylgan 05.li.07.04.03 Newae11, novelty: niwnes .A new creadon: edsceaft .A new creature: edsceaft .Strangeness, novelty: uncut>nes0 .New,rec:ent: geong,niwe ..Most recent: endenehst .New, new made, novel: edniwe, niwe .Difl'erent from previously: niwe .New, still unimpaired by use: niwe ..AU new: call niwe .Ever new: geong, niwe .Lately, recently, newly: n!a.h, niwan, niwe, niwlice 05.11.07.04.03.01 Renewal, restoradon: (ge)edniwung .Anew, like new: ednrwan, ednrwe, ednrwinga, niwunga .To renew, restore, make new: (ge)edniwan, (ge)edstal>elian .To restore, make good: geinnian, (ge)niwian, gestal>lian .To restore (di1t11ed pnctice): edniwian .(Of renewal, etc.) apln: eft See 02.08.13 Recovery 05.11.08 A suitable dme, opportunity: (ge)byre, gedafenlicncs, inca, intinga, gelimplicness, sel, tid, tidlicnes0 S, tima, towyrd .Ti.me for going: gang .Oppom•nity for freedom of acdon: rum .Opportune, &Ulna: gebyredlic, gelimplic, tidlic, timlic, t>aeslic 313

05.11.08.01 Untimeliness -(Of wind) favourable: ambyr, gesundig°, gesundiglic .Coaveniendy, at a fhtl111 time: gebyrcdlrce, ged&ftclice, trdlrce, timlice .At tbe proper time, in due coune: l trman, on trde, to rihtes trman, to seles, to trman .In due time, earty: gemetlice 05.11.08.01 Untimeliness: unged&ftnes0 .A wrolllllmproper time: untrma .Untimely speech: untidspk .Inopportune, 11nuasouable: untrdlic, unt>zslic -Unsuitable for work: unwcorclic -Born out of due time: simborenq .UDHlllODllbly, at an inopportune time: ungecoplice0 g, unged&ftlice,

ungedafenlrce, untrdlice 05.11.08.01.01 Suddenness: gebregdnes. ft!mes .Suddea: ft!rcumen°g , ferlic, hra:dlic, semnendlic .saddenly, all of a sadclea: inunga, feringa, ferlice, hra:dlice 05.11.08.01.02 (Untimely) earlinea: hra:dlicnes .Happening betimes, early: hra:dlic

.Too early, immature: unn~. ungenped ..Maturing too early: hra:drl~ .Equally advanced (in duties): efenfort>0 .At an earty time, early: t!r, t!rli~ ..At tbe earliest: raJ>ost l>inga .In a state of forwardness: forl>lice .soon, betimes: atr, tidlice, timlice

-The sooner: t>on atr. l>y t!r, l>Y hraJ>or -Too soon: to atr .To rise early, pt up early in tbe morni111: morgenwacian°g •To do IOOD: gehradian 05.11.08.01.02.01 Antidpadoa: forcsteppung° .To anticipate, forestall: forhradian, forsc!otan, Onettan See 06.0/.08.01 Expectation 05.11.08.01.03 Late: lzt, lztcumen°g, lztlic, lztsum0 , sil>lic

.Later: sQ>ra .Latest: sil>emest. sil>est •Too late: to sil> 314

05.11 .09.03 At times, sometimes

05.11.08.01.03.01 Delay: elcung, geling°, ielden, ielding, latu, latung°S, siimnesoS, swige, swigung, uferung° .A delay, pause, stay: stand .Delay in speaking: wordlatu0 P .A procnstinator: elciend .A wait, period of waiting, delay: anbid, anbidung .A delay, long wait: langung .Diiatory, tardy: ieldendlit°8, langsum .Causing much delay, dilatory: ieldful8 •To wait to see, wait: (Je)anbidian .To a.y: gltlan .To pause, delay: oferwandian°8 .To delay, tarry, be dow: (ge)latian ..To procrastinate: elcian .To delay, put off, defer: lyldan, forieldan, forsittan, forslltwan, (ge)ieldan, ieldian, (Je)lengan, (ge)lettan, tOferian, tOtweman. (ge)uferian ..To delay, put off too long: forelcian° 05.11.09 Frequency: 05.11.09.01 Always: ii, l!fre, itr and sij>, lhw~nne, i simle, i to widan teore, ealle dagas, calling, ealneg, ealne weg, ealning(a), gehwitr, on wega gehwim, on wega gehwylcum, sij> and ltr 05.11.09.02 Frequent, of common occmreoce: gelom, (ge)lomlic, gel6mntde0 , oftJ'l!de, oftredlic, ryfe0 , gewunelic .Frequendy, often: (ge)lome, (Je)lomlice, manigsij>es, (ge)neahhe, ofemtdlfceoS, oft, oft and gelome, oftrltdlice, oftsipum0 , on oftsij>as, symle, ~icce, unseldan ..Very often: foroft, full oft, oft ... gelOme, oft and gelome, oftost ..Much oftener: oftor micle ..Whenever, as often u : ~an~ ~ ..Times without number: unarimendlice .To be/become frequent, happen again: gelomlltcan, gelomlician° ..To become more ft equent: gestrangian 05.11.09.03 At times, sometimes: hwi1tidum, hwnum, o~hwile, stundum, trdum, ~rlgnutlumP, ~rigum .At sonw/otber timet: hwilum . .. hwilum, hwi1trdum .. . hwiltrdum .Now and then: stu~lum 315

05.11.0'J.03.0l Occasional 05.11.09.03.01 Ocasional: ol>ethwflen°S .On one ••• on another flC'Cltsioa: ot>re sl)>e . . . ot>re sl)>e 05.11.09.04 Seldom, rarely: tcawum si}>um, seldan, seldhwanne 05.11.09.0S Never: ni. nltfre, nihwltr, ni on life, niwa0 , ne !tr ne si}> .Not: ne 05.11.09.06 Frequency, repetition: gelomJicnes .Repetition, neu11eoce: edlatcung° .Repeated action: gelomJatcing .Return (to a condition): edhwyrft

.Recurring: edlitcende .Repeated, come round: gebeted .Resumed, done again or anew: nrwe .Renewed, begun again: geedgunnen°S .Apin: a:fters0na!, eft, eftsOna, gen, gena. ongean .Anew, again: edruwan, ednrwe, ednrwinga. nrwlinga0 .Anew, a second time: niwan stefne .Back to, again: onbaecling .Periodically: pricmatlum .Uniformly, regularly: efne .In return, back again: togeanes .To recur: geedh~can, efthwyrfan .To do frequently, repeat: gelomJitcan .To repeat: geedlatstan°, geednlwian, geeftgadrian°, (ge)nrwian .To restore, revive: (ge)edniwian 05.11.10 Timescale: 05.11.10.01 A beginning: anginn, ealdordom, fruma, frumtrd0 , fryml>,

heafod, heafodhebba, ingang, (ge)nealitcung, ordfruma .The beginning of time: fruma .A first time: frumcyrr .The first: in, forma .F1nt: fynnest, fyrst .For the first time: itne, l!nes .Fint, first of all: atrest, atrest l>inga, forJ>mest, furt>um, fyrmest, fyrst .To begin with, at ftrst: a:t fryml>e, on fryml>e .To begin (at/with): beginnan, fOn (on), ginnan, inginnans, onfOn, onginnan See 05.03 Source; 05./0.05.04.0/.0/ Middle

316

05.11.11 Continuity 05.11.10.01.01 Origin: gebyrd, Or, Qplsprungennes0 .A rudiment, btpnnlna: (ge)niwung .A root, primitive: ealdor .Original: ordfrymm0 .Oripnal, primiti•e, tint: frum .Originally: frumlice&, frymplice

05.11.10.02 End, completion: geendadung°I, ende, edwendenP , gefyllednes, (ge)fylling, (ge)fyllnes .Latter part, end: zfteweard, ende .Ending, conclusion: ende, endestzf, (ge)endung, genutre, gem2rung .A Hmlt, end, team: geoiere, mearc, tennen .Cessation, coming to an end: iblinnendnes, itCorodnes, blinn, (ge)endung, geswic, geswicennes, geswicu0 .Coming to a dose: iwegweard0 .Ended, ftnitbed: gedon, forslzgen .Last, ftnal: zftemest, zftresta. endemest, endenehst, niehstan, siJ>(e)mest, sij>est, yt(e)mest .Final, ultimate: uteweard .Coming to an end: iblinnendlice .At last, at length: on list, on Ieng~ .Lastly, in the last place: irunst°P, lzt(e)mest, lztest, niehstan .At the latest (date): hiiru .In the end, finally: zt nehstan, zt sij>emestan, zt sij>estan .In the end, ultimately: zt (pam) ende, on ~am) ende .To decline, approach an end, wane: (ge)lutan, (ge)sigan .To cease, come to an end, stop: ztstandan, belucan, forstandan, geswican .(Of time) to run out, expire: foreealdian .To end, bring to a dose, conclude: beliican, betynan, lucan, tynan See 05.07 End ofexistence; 05.09.05 Ceasing; I I.OJ 06 Fulfilment 05.11.11 Continuity: gadertangnesoS .Continuance, not ceasing: istandennes0 , uniblinn° .Continuous: gadenang, samodgang, samodtang0 , singal, singallic .(Of time) rolling on: fo~gangende .Sustained: togewegen°, prigbysig°P .LMting, of long continuance: iwunigende, langfzre, singal, priglic0 .Perpetual, to all time, Jon&lastlnc: b, blic, fo~weard, gclzstende, singal, purhwuno1° 317

05.l l.l l.Ol A not ceasing, persistence, recurrence .Constandy, always, continaomly: dzges and nihtes, eallc l>rAgc, ealncg,

fa:stlrce, gclomc, gcncahhc, gcncahhclrce0 , gcncahlrce, oftost symlc, on symbcl, singala, singales, singallice, (ge)sinlice, symle, symles, symling(a)', wuniendlrce0 .Evermore, to all time: ~r dzge and a:fter dzgc, dzg a:fter dzg, ece, ecelrce, fort>, in ende .To remain, persist, continue, endure: gea:fnan, awunian, ofstandan, l>urhwunian, (ge)wunian .(Of time) to extend: standan istreht .To be upheld, endure: (ge)standan .To continue, perpetuate: gesingalian', gesingallician' See 05.13.06 Constancy; 06.02.07.02 Constancy 05.11.11.01 A not ceasing, penistence, recurrence: uniblinn° .8ucceaioa ol events: endebyrdnes .Continuous, uninterrupted: andlang, onwealg .In unbroken succeuion: forl> gerimed, singal .Unceasing, unexhausted: onstandende, uniblinnendc, uniblinnendlic,

uniteorod', unforhladenoS, unteorig°P .Unwearying, inexhaustible: unAj>reotend0 P, ungeteori(g)cndlic .Continuously, without a break, unceasingly: instreces, endelcaslrce, for1>. forJ>rihtes, forJ>weard, ·on in, on in um, on ende, samod, symle, toga:dere, tosomne, uniblinnendllce, unigitledlice0 , uniteorigcndlice, unblinnendlice, unget!origendllce, untolittendllce0 ..One after another: on gebyrd .Day and night: da:ges and nihtes .Unweariedly, unceasingly: iblinncndlice', unAj>rotenlrce .To pent.st, continue: iwunian, onstandan 05.11.11.02 Let up, intermission, ceuation: inforhttnes, betw!ohblinnes0 ' ,

bctw!onanforlittnes0 , blinnes0 , forllttednes0 , forlitting', forlittnes, geswicing0 ' . toozlednes, toforlittennes .A break, pause, gap: ginnes0 ' , tOditlednes .A pause, aespite: biding°P, first, firstmearc, rothwil .At times, at intervals: hwiltrdum .Periodically: pricmitlum .After a short time: ymb stycce .(In narrative) then, apin: t>onne .To lntermpt, break: (ge)brecan on/in, fram don, tobrecan, toslltan

318

05.12.01 .01 To go on a journey/expedition, travel

05.12 To move, be In motion: lstyrian, hwearfian, geieman, lican, ltecan°P. onstyrian, styrian, ymbcyrran .To move from: ibiigan fram, bregdan of .That moves, movina: ftoteriende, licende, styrigendlic, unstille .Able to move, mobile: ferende, styrigendlic "Liking movement, unquiet, restlea: unstille .Motion, movement, agitation, fluctuation: istyrung, drefing°g, gegrind, hrer(e)nes, gelicP, onstyre(d)nes, styrenes, styrung, swangettung°. unstil(l)nes, gewinn, gewrixl, ymbcerrg ..Movement of bmmn body, aeature, action: geb&re See JI .OJ Action

05.12.01 To go, progress, travel (usually OD land): astigan, dragan, (ge)faran, (ge)gln, (ge)gangan, gengan, (ge)hweorfan, hwierfan, (ge)li)>an, (ge)niman, oferfaran, oncierran, gen!can, gerecan, rfdan, sciifan, (ge)stzppan, (ge)stigan, strican, (ge)wadan, (ge)wegan, (ge)wendan, wrigian .Able to travel: ferende .Ready to travel: si)>gearu0 P .Locomotion, going, Pl"Olress. way: fer, fereld, faru, fOr, forpgang, gang, hwyrft, lid, ryne, si)>, si)>fet, wadung, wzg 05.12.01.01 To 10 on a Journey/expedition, travel: iteon, (ge)feran, ferian, fulfaran°, gang/si)> settan, listas lecgan, si)> asettan, (ge)si)>ian, teon .To Journey abroad: elt>CoP, worung .A wanderer: widfarend0 ..A vagabond: woriend ..A wanderer, eDle: eardstapa0 P -In the marsbeslborderlands: mearcstapaP See 12.04.03.01 Alienation 05.12.01.03 Expanse over which something travels: gang, hwearf, weg .A circuit. apanse covered: gang, ymbgang .Course, circuit: zftenyneoS, begang, gedrif, bring, hwyrft, ryne, scriJ>e0 P, trendelncsg .A digaession, roundabout way: ieflist°P, ymbswzpeoS .Path along which something travels: gang, siJ>, si]>fzt, weg "Right or proper path: rihtryne ~th leadina astray: dwolpzl>og See 05.10 Extent 05.12.01.03.01 A means of access: fzr, weg .A way, road: fzreld, gang, gangweg, si]>fzt, stntt, weg "Road lying in a spttific diaection: eastwegP, norpweg0 P, Siil>weg0 P, westweg -Path in opposite direction: gegnpzl>0 P ..A narrow way: inpzl>P, foldwegP, mearcpzl>P, rancstrat0 P, sidwegP, siJ>weg°P, wealdswapu0 P ..A bard way: supweg°P ..A desired way: wilweg 320

05.12.01.03.01.03 A highway ..A juactioa, CN•·nialk: gem6t, twicen(e), twfweg°S, wega (ge)l~te, wega gemyl'e, wegged118, weggeletcl, wegtwislung°S .An outlet, wt, P'"'lll&e: iitgang, iitgeng(a)oS, iitryne .Open, free of entrance or admission: open .Easy of access, acasstble: gefbe0 P, open, l>urhfCreS .Easy for travelling over: eapfbeoS .Acassible by two ways: twifbeoS .On tbe way (to): be ... wege .To make/leave tbe way dear (to), make way: geryman .To make paaeble, bridge (a road/way): gebrycgian .To yield, cede, pve place (to): (ge)rjman

05.12.01.03.01.01 A path, back: pel>. si)>, slig, stigaq, wirpelsq .An oat-of-the-way path: orwegslig8 .A track, trail: fir:rcld, list, swtr:I>, trod .A track with willows: sealtrod0 .A track stained by blood: feorhlist°P, switswaJ>u0 P .A winding ascent: gewind8 ..A nanow path up a bill: insliga ..A goat-path: gitinslig° .A trace, track, spoor: lolswir:1>. list, spor, stzpe, swir:I>, swaJ>u ..A damp track: iiriglist°P See 04.03.01 Tracking 05.12.01.03.01.02 A catting, p1111: corf0 .A narrow pass: nirewett .A ra•age between hills: geat •?A plly: sulh 05.12.01.03.01.03 A highway: burgstntt0 , burgweg, ceasterherpaJ>0 , folcherpal>, fyrdstntt, hCahstntt, hCahwcg, her(c)pir:I>. hcrestn!t, hereweg°S, portherpal>0 , portstntt, portwcg, wigstntt0 .King's highway: cyncstn!t°', fril>herpal>0 .A p11ved road: stinstntt, stinweg, stntt .Road made with wood: beamweg, gierdweg .Road marked out by posts: stapolweg° .A (?)walled road: weallweg .A road between hedges: hegeweg .Road along whicb miles are measured: rru1pet>P .Road along whicb army pa11es: her(e)pel>. wrgrid0 P, wigtrod0 P 321

05.12.01 .03.01.04 A lane, street

OS.12.01.03.01.04 A lane, sheet: lanu, sritlanu0 , wic .A narrow lane: twicen .A dirty lane: horweg .A north lane: nort>lanu0 .A town place or sbeet: worl>(ig) OS.12.01.03.01.0S Types of road/path: .A bead-road: heafodweg, hrycgweg .A boundary-road: (ge)matrweg, mcarcweg .A field-road: zcerweg .A private road: tiinweg .?A side-road: srdlingweg° .A road made by dearing tree ftnmps: stificweg .A cart-road: fzrweg, hweolweg0 , wzgnweg .A bridle-path: horspa:J>, horsweg, gerid0 , ridaq .A cattle-road: drif .A public path through a wood: wuduherpaJ>0 .A public road to a wic: wicherpaJ> .A road to a saltworks: sealtherpaJ>0 , sealtstn!t .A road/path to a mill: mylenstig, mylenweg0 .A road to a well: wylleweg .A road to a sports-field: llicweg .A path to a mead.ball: medustig°P .A path to a funeral pUe: idfaru0 P OS.12.01.03.02 Impa~ want of a road: wegleastg .Unpassable: ungefCrc, ungefCrcd, ungeieme', unoferlere', unJ>urhrere0 g, unJ>urhsceotendlicg, wegleasg .Impassably: ungefCrc OS.12.01.03.03 A fordable place: brycg, ofenemes0 .A ford: ford, (ge)wa:d, wa:J> ..A ford on a highway: herefor~. herepa:J>ford ..A bonier ford: ml!rford, mearcford ..A stony ford: stanford .A place to be jumped over: hliep(e) .A stepping-stone: cleac, hyppels, hyppingq OS.12.01.03.04 A bridge: brycg .A bridge of planks: J>elbrycg .A bridge of poles covered with earth: eorJ>brycg0 322

05.12.01.04.01.03 To amble, stagger .A wooden bridge: wudubrycg .A stone briclae: slinbrycg .A bridge over a river: &lbrycg° .l.ancl-pien of a bridae: landperan 05.12.01.03.04.01 Coastructinglrepalrlna bridges: brycggeweorc .Repairing bridges: brycgbOt .To make a causeway, bridge a abeam: (ge)brycgian .To span as by a bridge: oferbrycg(i)an 05.12.01.04 To go, proceed on foot: bestzppan, fCJ>an, (ge)gin, (ge)gangan, onstzppan, (ge)stzppan, treddianP, treppan .To walk through, perambulate: geondgangan -To wade across: oferwadan° -To step/go out of: wiJ>stzppan°g .That goes on foot: lotgangendeog, lotlic, gangende, stzpegong0 P -That walks quickly: fCJ>espedig°P .On foot: on f'Cl>e .Ability to walk: fa:reld, fel>e, gang .Ad of going on foot: fCJ>ung, gang, stzpe .A journey OD foot: fCJ>egang0 P -One who journeys OD foot: tet>a, fCJ>emann 05.12.01.04.01 Manner of 1oing. pit: fzr, gang .A footstep, pace: fCJ>elistP, list, stzpe -Track of footstep, a footprint: fOtl~st. lotspor, fOtstapoJ 0 S, lotswreJ>, si}>stapelog, stzpe, stopel -Of a bone: hofrec, hofrings 05.12.01.04.01.01 To stride: strfdan 05.12.01.04.01.02 To tread upon, trample: beatan, fortredan, ofstzppan°, oftredan, (ge)spurnan, totredang, (ge)tredan, treddan .To prea with the foot: tredan .To b'ead, Imprint (a footstep): Asteppan°, bestzppan .Ad of b'eadlng down: h!annesq .One who tramples: tredend 05.12.01.04.01.03 To amble, stager: tealt(r)ian .To stumble, totter: spuman .That stagers: dilniendlic0 g, tealt(r)iende 323

05.12.01.04.01.04 To stumble, trip, strike (with the foot) 05.12.01.04.01.04 To ftumble, trip, strike (with the foot): ztspoman (et/on), ofcrwcorpan, spuman .To slip, stumble: iglfdan, gelfsian°, slfdan, slidrian .To slip and fall: ietslfdan, aslrdan, (ge)fcallan, nit>cr isigan .To move accidentally, slip: ha:ppan .EasUy caused to slip or slide: slipor .One who sh•mbles/slips: ztslidendc 05.12.01.05 To ride (on bone, etc.): onrfdan, (ge)ridan, sittan on .To mount (a bone, etc.): astrgan, bcsb'fdan, (ge)hlcapan {iip on), sb'idan (Op on), iipstrgan (on) -To dismount: ilihtan ... of, (ge )lihtan (of) .Mounted: gehorsod, ntdc' .Ad of riding: onrid0 , onsctl0 , rid, gerid .A ride, joumey on horseback: rid -Riding in company with: midrld0 .A mounting-block: hlfpc .A rider: astfgend, hleapcrc, onsittend, onstrgend, ntdcmann, ridda, rfdend, stfgend, Opstrgend ••One who rides ahead (with message): forridel0 See 02.06.02.0/.06 Horse

05.12.01.05.01 Modes of riding: .(?)To ride at walking pace: gengan .To ride quickly, gallop, race: (ge)zman ..To ride quickly and take: gca:man ..To overtake by galloping: ofzmanog ••To gallop and reach: gca:man .To ride past, overtake: ofridan ..To overtake and intercept: forrfdan •To ride around, surround, take: bcridan, gcrfdan •To ride across: oferrfdan° .(?)To ride away from: o):>ridan°P ..To ride out of, away from: irfdan iit of, iittrdan° .To ride in pursuit of, follow: zftcr rfdan .Galloping, bone-racing: zming, fltra:ming° 05.12.01.06 Vebide: cearruce', fzreld, fcring°, scrid, wegu0 •Wheeled vebide: crzt, wzgn .Carriage: fyrdwen° 324

05.12.01 .07.01 To hang .Charlot: cnet. cnetwen, &>red, ryne, scrid. scridwen ..Chariot of spe clRc comtraction: ncgledcnetq ..Chariot drawn by bone: horscnlet°I, horswen°S ..Fut chariot: hredwen, rynewen°P ..War chariot: wigwcgn

.utter: mrbed°'. send

..Hone litter: honber .Driver: wissigend ..Charioteer: certare0 , cnetwisa, eoredman, scridwisa°', wcgnere'

.Chariot journey: wcgnfaru' .Carrying of children: cildfaru0 •Wqon companion: wcgngmfa' .Wqon plank: J>islq, wcgngehradooS .Wqon cover: wcgngewede0 .Equipment of a vebide: faru ..Two-wheeled: twibweole°' ..Four-wheeled: teowerhweolod°' ..H11h·wbeeled: h~wrolod°'

..With four bones: fi)>erteme' .To travel In a vebkle: rfdan on

05.12.01.07 To8y (with winp): (ge)fteogan, (ge)fteon, fticorian .To 8y on to: befteogan° •To 8y forth, away: forp fteogan, o}>fteogan .To 8y over: oferfleon •To 8y through: l>urhfteon° .To 8y up: iip fteogan •To ftutter: fi}>ercian°, fi}>erian°, ftogettan .To beat winp In Bight: swingan .Able to fty, winged: fe}>erbere' , fi}>erberende' , (ge)fi}>erhamod, gefi}>erod •That Bies, ftying: ftacor P, fteogende, fteogendlic0 , fteonde, heofonfteogende°',lyftllcendeP ..(Of arrows) ftying: ftacorP .Swift In Bight: ftyhthwctP .Without wlnp: fi}>erleas0 P J.illgbt: ftyge, ftyht, lyftgelicP ..Wlnp as means of Bight: fe}>erhama ..Act of beating winp, wing·beatin&: fi}>erslehtS 05.12.01.07.01 To bang: lhangian, hangian, rfdan 325

05.12.01 .08 To move inion water

'"' ftoat: hangian .To hang, remain suspended, -To hang heavily: seomianP .To put up, hang (on): ihOn, (ge)hOn, macian Qp, oniMn, onhon, ilp ahon .That swings, swaying: ridusende' .Hung around with: behangen .Ad of banging: hangelle .A hanging object: hangelle .A swing: totridal See 14.05.05.01 Capital punishment OS.12.01.08 To move inion water: fteotan, swimman .To be tossed OD waves: ftoterian .That Boats, Boating: fteotende .Aftoat: iftote0 , on ftot(e) .Being tossed on waves: faroJ>licendeP .Movement in water: sundplegaP .Passage along which liquid travels: gang, liidq See 17.02.04.02.04 Conducting of water OS.12.01.08.01 To swim: rowan, (ge)swimman .To swim over/across: oferswimman°P .To swim through: J>urhswimmanog .Ability to swim: sund -Use of ability: sundnytt°P .Able to swim: swimmendlic0 .Ad of swimming: sund .Strength in S\lrimmin1: merestrengu0 P .That swims, swimmins: ft~ende -Good at swimmins: sundhwact0 P, syndig0 P See 05.12.05.02.04.03 Plunge OS.12.01.09 To travel OD water: fteotan, ftotian°, (ge)li}>an, (ge)siglan .To journey by water: (ge)rowan, (ge)segl(i)an -To journey across water: oferlll>an, oferseglian -To journey round by water: ymbli}>an° -To reach by journeying on water: gehl>an, gerOwan, gesiglan .To 10 on board: ist&gan on scip, istigan on scip, istigan/istigian scip, bit gestigan, ceol gestigan, gin on scip, (ge)scipian, stigan on scip -To embark stealthily: bestelan up .To put out to sea: ill iiscufan, ilt l~tan 326

05.12.01.09.03 A voyage ..To leDd out to 1ea: ihttan iit, settan iit .To steer: ledan, stieran •To lower the mast: lecgan t>one mzst .(Of boat) to travel, ride: ndan, swimman ..To niVdart over the sea: brecan ofer 1>21>weg, ftocgian°g ..To shape a coune for: hwemman, gel&tan n~ ..To llide back to shore: gesigan .To come to land, land: land ges&:an, (ge)lendan, tofealdanq ..To come to land and anchor: wician ..To put ashore: ilp l&tan ..To disembark: on wang stiganP .AJ•nding:ilpgang, iipgange0 P 05.12.01.09.01 To row: irum/mundum bregdan, hrCran mid hondum, (ge)rowan, teon .To row acroa; oferrowan° •To row round: berowan .To row after: efter rowan .To reach by rowing: gerowan .Act of rowing: rewet. rowettg, rowingg. rownes0 ..A pull at the oan: droht°g 05.12.01.09.02 To nil: (ge)siglan •To reach by sailing: gesiglan .To beat against the wind: bctan .Act of nlling: segling .Swelling of sail: swelling ' .(Of sails) ftlled: gebesmcdO« .Beating against the wind: !>&ting° 05.12.01.09.03 A voyage: eolet°P, fer, lagusiiJP, rid, Sltf0r 0 P, SltsQ>0 P, scipgefer0 , scipfereld, sciplid0 , segling, witgfer 0 P, wcgfaru0 P, yl>lidP .A voyager, seafarer: &gftota0 P, brimltpendP, brimmannP, eatQ>end0 P, ferend, ft!otend, ftota, ftotmann, lida0 P, lidmannP, lidweard0 P, lil>smann, merefara0 P, mereliJ>endeP, nicdling, rol>ef, rowend, segenga, SltlidaP, slllij>endP, Sltmann, drincP, scipere, scipfarend0 , sciplerend°P, scipftotaP, scipliJ>end, sciprowend0 g, stigend. wl!gliJ>endP ..A leader ·or nllon: brimwrsa0 P ..A mariner who goes on trading voyages: scipmann 327

05.12.01.09.03.01 A ship, boat .A ship's company: scipwered°I, werod -One ofa ship's aew: scealc, scipmann, scipweard0 P -Captain: frumlida0 , nOwend', sciphllford, st!oresmann° -Captain and steersman: steormann, steorret>ra ..Steersman, pilot: holmweard°P, scipst6ora, st&>ra, st!orere0 ..A boatman: bitswegen°, butsecarl ..Look-out man at the prow: forest&>ra0 S, fort>weard scipes, plihtereS ..A ship's watchman: bitweard°P ..A servant with boat dudes: scipwealh0 ..Man in charge of the anchor: ancormanns .An oarsman: hmta0 , rel>ra. scipret>ra .8eafaring, sailing: farol>ridende0 P, ~li}>endeP, scipli}>ende, wttgli}>endeP .Skilled as a sailor: Iagucneftig°P .Brave in sailing: s&rOfOP .Carrying ships: scipberendeoS

See 13.02.10.03 Ctn' 05.12.01.09.03.01 A ship, boat: le, zsc, bit. beam, bord, brenting°P, brimhengestP, briml>yssaP, brimwuduP, ceol, cnearr, fzrP, farol>hengest°P, ft0dwudu0 P, ftota, hcmftota0 P, Iagumearg°P, lidP, mzgl>egsan wyn, mereblt°P, menlhengestP, meret>yssa0 P, nacal', now q, s&bitP, s&ftota0 P, ~gengaP, ~hengest, ~li}>endP, s&mearhP, s&naca0 P, ~wuduP, scegl>, scip, sundhengestP, sundwuduP, wttgbord0 P, wttgftotaP, wzghengestP, wzgl>elP, wztert>yssaP, wudubit0 P, Yl>hengest, Yl>hof0 P, y)>lidP, yl>Iida0 P, yl>mearhP

See 13.02.10.03.01 Fleet 05.12.01.09.03.01.01 Kind of sbJp: .With beaked prow: barda/bar(l>)a', hornscip0 P, hringedstefnaP, hringnaca0 P, wundenstefna0 P .With ftat bottom: fti!ot(e)lftiete, punts .Canoe-like: trog, trogscipS .Rowing boat: rewet .Nall-fastened: nzgledcnearrP .Skift', small boat: cuopet0 s, ft!ge', ftotscipS, plegscip0 s, recs, scipincel', wra:cq

.Trading vessel: c!apscip, hlzstscip0 s, hulc .Transport sbJp: sciphlzst Scooting vessel: ttrendscip .Guanl ship: fri)>scip0

328

05.12.01.09.03.01.03 Part of ship

.Enemy ship: unfril>scip .Piratical ve11el: hydscip0 1, hyl>scip°', )>eofscipl .Small vessel, wanhlp: snacc .Wanhlp of some kind; dulmunus .Sixty-oared ship: sixtigi:re •Trireme: 1>nrCJ>re, 1>rrre1>receo1° .An ark/the Ark: cofa, care(e), geofonhils0 P, hoimem0 P, mereciest0 P, merehusP, sundrececr>P. l>ellfesten°P, wudufesten 05.12.01.09.03.01.02 Of/conc:eming • ship, naval: sciplic •Well-made: bunden •Water-tight: fest .seaworthy: f&e .Steady, stable: unwealt .Capadoas: Sltgbp0 P, sidfel>me(d)P, widfel>meP .Newfy•tarred: Diwtyrwed0 P .Dug-out (as in canoe): lnbYme0 ' .Oar-propelled: l!ren .With nailed sides: negledbordP •With beak: brandsllltfn°P, bundenstefna0 P, h~tefnP, hymed, wundenhals0 P .Foamy-necked: timighealsP .Foamy-sided: timigbord0 P .Equipped for senke, ready: gearo .Having three rows of nan: l>tfrel>re .In form of• ship: on scipwisan • 05.12.01.09.03.01.03 Part of ship: .Keel: bydenbotmoS, bytme, bytming ..Bllge: 1>urruc« .Keel, bold: bOsm, heald, lecl>a', wranga' ..Jilecked with foam; timigbOsmop J>eck: cColl>el 0 P .Side: bord, bordslllt1>0 P, bordweallP, yl>bordP .Starboard: steorbord .Larboard: blltcbord .Prow: ancorsetl, bile, forscip°', forpstefn°, frumstemn°1, heals, neb(b), stefn, stefnaP .Flprebead: heafod .Stern: se eftera stefn, steorsetl, stbstefn' 329

05 .12.0 l.09.03.01.04 F.quipping of ships .Helm: helma, sciprot>or0 S, steordalc0 S, steoma:glq, stCorrOt>or, steorscofclg .Gangway: bolca .A ship's ladder: sciphlt!dcrs .Rowen' bench: scipsctlg, l>oft(c)S .Oan: (gc)rCl>ru, sciprel>ru ..An oar: ir, rl>or ..Blade: t!rbla:JS .Rowlock: irloc0 S, irmidJS, irwil>l>c. hi0 , hamcle, hin°, midi, strop0 g .H•mmer: hamor, sciphamor0 g •Tackle: sciptlwu0 , scipgctlwu0 8, scglgc~dc ..sans: wt!de -A sail: hregl, merehregJ0 P, scgl .-A topsail: oferscgl°' .-A bellying sail: scglbOsmS -Lower comer of a sail: sc!ata .Mut, sail-yard: maest, scglgyrd, scglr0d0 P ..Mast-step: maestcyst' ..Holes in upper part or m•st: hilnl>yrlu0 g ..Pulleys at top of m•st: ma:stlon°g .Riaiug: wmdcrapas' ..Part of rigjng~ bogcnstrcng°', hiinsporug, racca0 g, strcng ..Stay: maestrip0 P, maesttwistg, sta:f°', sta:g°S, stedingline', watderipS ..Rope to lower part of sail: fOtripoS, sc!atline' .A cable: mirels08, matrclsrip°', scipmt!rls0 g, sciprip .A IODDding-line: mctrlpS, sundgyrdg, sundline', sundripq .A sounding-rod: sundgyrdg .An anchor: ancor ..Anchor cable: ancorbcnd0 P, ancorrip0 P, ancorstrcngc 0

05.12.01.09.03.01.04 Equipping of ships: scipforpung0 , scipfyrl>(r)ung0 .Oak for shipbuilding: scipic .Beat timber uHCI in shipbuildina: h6c .A shipwright: scipwyrhta°' .To equip, fit out: gcgcarcian, gcgcarwian ..To rig a ship: scrydan, gcwatdian ..To equip with sails: gcscglian .To man/equip a ship: (gc)scipian See 13.02.10.03.01 Fleet 330

OS.12.02 To move, set in motion

05.12.01.09.03.ol Harmlalp on board: scipbroc0 .Sbipw1 eek: forlidennes, scipgebroc .Destructive to shipping, causing sbipwreck: scipbrucoJ0 S ..Drifted, out of control: undrifen° .Sbipw1ecked: forliden, scipdrincende0 S .To overturn, capsbe: ihwylfan .To suft'er sbipw1eck: forli}>an .(Of ship) to sink, founder: idrincan, gedeorfan, (ge)dluncnian .To be aground: uittan 05.12.01.f)9.03.03 Piracy: wfcingsceat>eS .A pintical fleet: ftothere .A plrate: zscmann, ftota, ftotmann, s&lidaP, s&mann, s&sceal>a0 s, scegl>mann, wrcing, wicingsceal>aS ..A foreign pirate: utwfcing° ..A seafarer from oveneu: brimgiest°P ..A chief pirate: h!ahse~fg, hcahsceal>aog 05.12.01.09.03.04 A harbour: hzfen, hYl>. port .A warden of a barboar: hYl>weard0 P .A place for a ship: scipsteall0 .A landing-place: lending° .A wharf: hwearf .Sllcles to bn111eb or pall up ships: slidor .Relatina to a harbour: hyl>licog

See I 1.10.02.02 Guard 05.12.01.09.03.05 A ltptbouse: beacenfYrog, beacensling, fYrtorrg, hercbeacen 05.12.01.09.03.06 A channel for shipping: scipryne0 See 0/.01.03.0/ Body of water 05.12.02 To move, set in motion: utyrian, bedrrfan, bestyrman°, geblandan, geondstyrian°P, (ge)hreran, othrmm0 , onhman, sceacan, (ge)styrian, t0S«8Can, weccan .To came to move, alter dlrecdonlpositioa: (ge)cierran, onwendan, (ge)wendan •To move a thing from its place: utyrian ..With tbe &ngen: zthrfnan .To transfer, move from one place to another: gegirwan, gehwierfan 331

05.12.02.01 To fetch, bring, bear, conduct -To move from one place to another, band over: weorpan to handa ..To be carried/moved: gin .To carry over or across, tnmsport: oferberan, oferferian, }>witbregdan°8 .Capable of moving, easily moved: unstael>J>ig .A setting in motion, disturbance: istyrung, hrer(e)nes, onstyre(d)nes,

onwend(ed)nes, styrenes, styrung

See 17.02.04.02.03 Carriage 05.12.02.01 To fetch, brina, bear, conduct: iicuman, idon, gefeccan, fercian, (ge)ferian, (ge)fetian, habban (forl>/ilp/oO. onhtdanl! .To fddl by compulsion: gelon, teon .To carry, bring: (ge)beran, (ge)brengan, cuman, gefCran, (ge)ferian, hebban, (ge)lzdan, (ge)niman, recan, (ge)wegan .To fddl, Jead, bring in: in aberan, in beran, in brengan, in feccan, in (ge)bringan, in (ge)ledan .To brina out/forth: forh!dan, forf>bringan, forf>don .To bring through: J>urhbrengan°8 .To bring home: begietan ... him .Act of carrying, brinslng: lid ..A bearer, porter, carrier: bl!nnan, berend, byrf>lingl!, (ge)byrJ>re, fer(i)gend, lttdend, wegend -.A female porter: byrf>es~ 05.12.02.02 To carry oll', remove: aberan, iidreogan, a:tferian, ihebban, ill!dan, lwegan (ilpliit), (ge)niman, offerian°P, onhebban, oJ>beranP, oJ>bregdan,ol>ferianP,oJ>li!danP,fitlwegan .To remove, tbnlst aside: toscilfan, totwl!man .To carry olf in different diRCtions: toberan .To carry (on?), bear forth: a:tberan (ilp/ilt) •To take away from, draw olf: (ge)wenian .Remoftl: ifierrednes0 , feorrung0

See 05.10.04.04.02 Remove; 10.04.03 Tak away 05.12.02.03 To send: isendan, besendan (on), (ge)sendan .To send, let go: ill!tan, (ge)ll!tan, lit forll!tan .To send forth: isendan, lweg ll!tan, forf>ll!tan, forJ>sendan, onsendan, gespnngan .To send olf, dispatch, send forth (to): ofersendan°, onbesendan, on(ge)sendan .To send in advance: foresendan 332

05.12.02.05 To pull, drag, draw •To send in: in ~. in sendan .To send hack: igcn sendan .To eend flyin1: isprengan° .About to he sent: sendlic0 8 .A sending, causf111 to 10: onisendednesoS, onsand8, sand

05.12.02.04 To cast out, drive away: idon, adntfan, idnlan, ifierran, iftiegan, iftieman (iit), ifYsan, iidanq, inYdan (iweg/iit), isciifan, iscybhan8, isellan, isettan of, iswipan iweg, iswengan, iweg idnlan, iweorpan (of), iwrecan, iYtan (iit), bewrecanP, (ge)don fram, dn!fan iit, gedrifan, drifan fram/of/iit, (ge)ftieman (iit), fordrifan, forsciifan°P, forsendan, forweorpan, forwrecanP, fram idrifan, fram inydan, fram isciifan, fYsan, fYsian°, onweg idrifan, onweg drifan, oJ>ebtian°P, tiddan°&, bestingan, be~yddan°,(ge)drifan,hrindan°P,(ge)scufan.~yddan,wrecan

.To shove violendy: drifan, (ge)sciifan .To impel rapidly, shoot (a bolt): sceotan .To shoot (a missile): fort> fleogan, letan ... fleogan, (ge)sceotan, scotian .To push away: iscilfan, onweg iscilfan ..To thrust away violendy: aetj>ringan, apringan, foipringan ..To sweep away: forswiipanP, tmwlpanP .To push down: ni~r iscufan .To tbnut back: wi~~yddan& .To shove in/into: inscilfan°, onbestingan ..To jam, prea, ram in: beslean inion, bestingan on/in/innan, crimman -Crammed full: full gedrifen ..To press into: apywan on .To prealsquccze out: ll>ywan, ilt ll>ywan .Act of pushing, shoving: scyfe

05.12.02..06.01 To push, drive: Mysan, bedn1'an, bewrecanP, criidanP, (ge)dntfan, (ge)drifan, fordn1'an, (ge)tysan, (ge)scilfan, gescyndan, ~wan, wrccan .To drive hither and thither: scofettan° ..To drive, shove round: (ge)drifan .To drive back: ginan ongean .To cause to collide with, strike, hit against: cnossian°P, (ge)cnucian (set), (ge)cnyssan, hnilan, slean ..To strike loudly: stunian -To strike loudly against: wi~stunian ..To clash one's footagaimt: aetspuman, wi~spuman& .To be carried, moved, impelled: gangan ..To be driven by the wind: wi}>bliwan .Battered, impelled: ofstofen°P ..Driven by the wind: lyftgeswenced0 P .Action of driving: drif .Thrust, drive, impetus: nts .A striking, stroke: cnyssung .Collision: gecnosog, siege ..Collision, meeting of waten: wit>ercwide, wi~rsaec 05.12.02..07 To throw, cast, toss: beweorpan, (ge)sendan, torfian, (ge)weorpan, (ge)worpian 334

OS.12.02.08 To give a different direction to, turn .To throw in: (ge)weorpan in -To cast/throw Into: anbeweorpanoC, (ge)weorpan in/on .To throw down: fellan, forweorpan .To throw away: fram iweorpan -To swing away, shake off: fram swengan .To throw out: tOweorpan (ilt) .To cast, hurl, fting: iweorpan, bedotan, bescilfan, wealcan -To cast about/fling in all dlrectiom: t0torfian° .To take by casting a snare: geweorpan mid grine .To miss, fail to hit: missan .Suitable for throwlna: wyrpendlic« .Action of throwlna (on): geweorp, onweorpnes -In sport: tOswung°I, weorplwyrp See 13.02.08.04.02 Shoot

05.12.02.07.01 To throw, scatter: (ge)torfian •To sprinkle, besprinlde, throw/sift over: besc!adan, beseonP, besyftan°, gleddian°, geondsprengan, ofersceadan°, oferweorpan .To scatter abroad, strew about: geondsawan°P, geondstregdan, tOsiwan -To atJ ew: (ge)stregan, (ge)stregdan -To sbew under: understregdan° -Having bedding to lie on: unders1Rowod0

See 05.10.04.04.01 Dispersion

05.12.02.08 To pve a dUl'erent direction to, tum: (ge)cierran, (ge)hwierfan, onswifanP, (ge)wendan .To move (something) in a drde: tyman, (ge)wendan, ymbhweorfan -To spin: sprengan .To wind, twist, weave: (ge)windan .To tum away from, ddlect: ibregdan fram, ibygan, ihweorfan, anweg iceorfan, iwendan, biegan fram, forbugan, fram icymm, fram ihyldan, framcyrrans, onswifanP, onwendan of, onweorpan fram, ymbcyrran fram, ymbwendan fram .To tum back, drive back, l'ept'I•~ apriwan, gccierran, werian, wil>dn""fanP -To tum back, be averted: gehweorfan -To ao back: eft gin .Able to be turned ulde: iwendendlic ,.Easily tamed: bJ>wylteS

See 05.12.05.04 Rotate

335

05.12.03 Speed, rate of movement 05.12.03 Speed, rate of movement: .Pace, speed of walldn1: repe 05.12.03.01 Swiftness, velocity: cifnes0 , cifscipe, fiisnes0 S, hradung, hrzdlernes0 , hrzd(lic )nes, scrind0 P, snelnes0 , sniid, swiftnes, swiftu .Fast, quick: arod, cif, fl!rlic, fteotig°P, ftugol, fiis, gearu gangende, gehradod, hrzd, hrzdlic, hwet, leoht, lungorP, ofstig0 S, recen, rynestrang°P, ryneswiftOP, scrid0 P, snell, snellic, swift ..Swift of foot: ieJ>espedig°P ..Swift of ftight: ftyhthwetP - Very quick: swipsnel0 P .Quickly: lnunga. arodlrce, cife, cAftfce, fitrlrce, forhra:dlice0 , hredlice, hral>e. hwetlice, IWhtlice, ofostlice, recene, ryneliceq, scearplice, snellice, sneomeP, spedum, swiftlfce, uniiswundenlice -Very quickly: full raJ>e .To be quick in movements or actions: fteogan, onettan, pleg(i)an, sceonP .To ao fast, nm: ij>ringan, beieman, (ge)ieman/rinnan (to), racian, (ge)ntsan, (ge)recan, scotian, sneowanP -To nm in difrerent directions, nm about: toiernan, l>ocerian -To ao ahead of, nm before, outrun: foreiernan -To overtake by mnnfn1: ofirnan -To tire onaelf by mnnfq: ofirnan -To nm for a prize, race: iernan See 05.J 1.01.02.01 Swift ti~: 11.02.01.01 Active 05.12.03.01.01 Quick movement or movements: gebregd, plega .Rapid locomotion: nts, gescot .Rapid motion caused by pusb: scyfe .Rush, violent rush: fl!rnts0 S, nts, scot, scytents .Headlong, in a rush: fzrrzsende0 S .To move quickly or suddenly: (ge)bregdan, onbregdan •To move quickly and sportively, dance: pleg(i)an .To bop, leap, dance: hoppettan, hoppian .To start up out of sleep: ibregdan, onbregdan .To leap, sprina, rush: bentsan, besceotan, besigan, bhtstan, (ge)hleapan, (ge)ntsan, (ge)sceotan, scotian, slean. (ge)stiellan, stincanP. l>eran°', windan -To rush at: swengan on -To rush in, enter witb force, invade: swogan -To rush noisily, roar: swcgan, swogan 336

05.12.04 Absence of movement, stillness .To 8y forth (as mhslle): forl> ft&>gan 05.12.03.01.82 H•ste, harry: efestung, hrzdhydignes, breding, bredwilnes, brerednes0 S' ofost. onettung° .That hastens, hastening: ofstendc .Hasty, precipitate: bred, hrzdhydigringan ..To bastea before: forchradian .To came to be doae npldly: (ge)hradian, (ge)scyndan .To be precipitate: rempan 05.12.03.02 SIOWDIEll: letnes, sl&enes .A slow penon: lala .A cause or delay: letting .slow: hinderweanf0 P, hygegitlsa0 P, let, st!ne, sleac ..Very slow: swi]>lct°, to~ .slowly, slugisbly: letlfce, late, sliwlice0 • sleaclice, unswi]>e .GnduaUy, little by little: lythwon, lytlum, lytlum and lytlum ..Gradually, by depecs: stcpm&lum, styccemZlum ..Gradually, at inte"als: stundmitlum .To be slow, sluggish: forsliwian, (ge)latian, (ge)lengan .To become slow, sluggish: drilsianP, (ge)latian, sliwian, sleacian .To make slow, delay: (ge)lengan .To move slowly, creep, cnwl: (ge)crCopan, smiigan ..To reach by creeping: becreopan ..To aeep throuab: }>urhcreopan°, l>urhsmiigan .To limp, bop: healtian, boppian See 02.08.04.04 Lame; 05.09.01Slow;I1.06 Listless 05.12.04 Absmce or movement, ltillnas: row, seftnes, sibb, smyltnes, stede, stilnes .Resting place: rest. stm>wen .Motionless: stille, unistyred, uniistyriendlic, unhror 0 .Quiet, calm, gentle: bli]>e, hnesce, lQ>e, sefte, sme}>e, smolt, smylte, stille, get>w~re

337

05.12.04.01 Stability, firmness .Gendy, smoothly: fa:gcre, l~hte, gereclrce .To be stUJ, not moviq: a:tstandan, (ge)licgan, (ge)standan ..To remain still, not move: a:tstandan, belrfan, healdan, gewunian ••To remain, stay (in position), stand: ibidan, (ge)bidan, healdan, seomianP, gepolian, gewunian •To become calm, stUJ, subside: (ge)leot>uw~can. sessian°P, (ge)settan, (ge)stillan .To come to a standstUI, stop: a:tstandan, ot>standan, (ge)standan, (ge)stillan •To bring to a standstill, stop: gestedigan°, (ge)stillan .To stop, binder the movement of: (ge)lettan •To take up position of rest, settle: setlan •To put in position of rest, settle: setlan .To make calm, make sdll: a:tstillan°, lstillian°, gefa:stnian, li}>igian, (ge)mild(g)ian, gesmyltan, (ge)stillan, wet>an°P See 05.l I.I 1.02 Cease; 13 Peace 05.12.04.01 Stability, fln:nness: fa:stnes, fa:stnung, stat>ol, stat>olfa:stnes

.F1rm, solid: fa:stlic, ma:genfa:st, stat>olfa:st, sbplic, strang, stranglic, strenglic, trum, trumlic ..Extremely ftnn: ungemetfa:st •With ftnn foundations: stzt>t>ig .Flt to tread on, ftnn: trede0 P .F1rm (as the shore): sta:t>fa:st0 P .Firmly attached/fixed: fa:st, fa:stheald0 •Wal-rooted, firmly established: ci}>fa:st°, eorpfa:st, rotfa:st° .Transfixed: oferfzstog .F1xed, unmoving, fast: ofstanden .F1rm, stationary: bidfa:stP, stat>olfa:st, unstyriende .Immovable: unawendedlic .Firmly: stat>olfa:stlice .F1rmly, without shaking or tottering: uncwaciende0 .Fast, firm, so as not to be moved or shaken: fa:ste .To make firm, fix: gefa:stnian, gestal>lfa:st(i)an, swi}>ian .To fasten, make firm, fix: afa:stnian .To root, fix firmly, establish: (ge)wyrt(t)rumian .To fix/place firmly (that which can be moved): (ge)fzstnian (on/to) .To steady, keep steady: stzt>t>an°P See 05.13.06.01 Firm 05.12.04.01.01 Umtable: stedeleas, tealt

338

05.12.05.02 To go/travel towards, come, approach

.Totteriq, amteedy: tealttiende .?Tottering: cwiccliende0 1, tObigende' .Unsteady, rocki,.: copeJ .To slip, totter, be umtable: gliddrian'. scelfan, sinewealtianq, tealt(r)ian, 05.12.05 To move and m.,.e direction, turn: icirran, becierran, behwirfan Otan, (ge)cierran, bwearfian, hweorfan, (ge)hwierfan, oncierran, onhwerfan, onswifanP, swifan, turnian, tyman, gcl>riwan°s, (ge)wendan, ymbtyman .To face about, tum round: icirran, bcwendan, ymbwendan •To turn round/about: faran ... onbatan, ymbcirran, ymbwacrJan .To turn aside, avert (tbe face): icirran, ihildan, iwendan, forcierran, fram iwendan, onwendan iwcg .To turn one's back on: bacc . .. (to)wendan .To swerve: biegan .To nm in different dlncdoas, run about: icman, toirnan/torinnan .That turns, turning: tymendc .In contrary direction: ongeanwcard, wil>crwcard .From what direction: hwiderrync0 1 .A tarn, turning: hwyrft. onwend(ed)ncs, turnung, tymings ..A wonderful turn: wundorgchwyrftop .A swerve: byge See 05.10.05.04 ff. Spatial nlalions; 05.12.02.08 Tum; 11.06.06 Turning 05.12.05.01 To 10 astray: idwelian, iswifanl, dwclian, dwelsian°S, (ge)dwolian, rcccan .To 10 adrift, be lost/cast away: (ge)drifan .To be e11atic: wandrian .To lead astray: idweJian, (ge)dweJian, gedwellan .Erratic: mislic, widscril>ol .Erratically: mislicc .A coin& ubay: gedwolfacroS .Stray, stranae. beloqing to another: iitancumcn See 06.01.07.05 Error 05.12.05.02 To aoftnvel towards, come, appl'08Cb: actgangan, actstacppan°P, begin, (ge)cierran, (ge)cuman, (ge)faran, forcstacppan, (ge)gin, (ge)gangan to, gegretan, gelihtan, genitganP, geneahbian, gen!abwianl, 339

OS.12.0S.02.01 To come upon, meet with (ge)nealzcan, onnean°, (ge)secan, sigan, t!on tO, to beftowan, (ge)weort>an •To bead towards, make one's way to: lredian, (ge)bugan, (ge)feolan, fercian, (ge)fundian (on/to), healdan on/to, (ge)hweorfan, (ge)iernan, scn1>an, spyrian, toneallCcan, l>n!ganP, winnan, wil>teon •That approaches, approaching: toweard .Towards: mid, ongcanweardes, togaedereweard, togeanes, tosomne, to t>aes gemearces t>e. to .. . weard(-es/-e) .An approaching, beading towards: cyme, neall!cung, onbecyme0 g, t0cyme, togang' _Coming there: l>idercyme -Glorious coming: J>rymcyme0 P .To, unto, as far as: 01> .Towards: ongean, ongcanweardes, togw, tog!anes, toweard, toweardes

See 05.12.01.01Journey; 11.03.01.02 Seek 05.12.05.02.01 To come upon, med with: ifindan, befaran, befcin, begin,

(ge)findan, (ge)hittan, (ge)m&an, ofercuman, oferfaran, oferteran, gen!can .To come upon, sarprUe, attack, lnftde: bewadan°P, brecan, geondswoganq, geieman in, inbrecan°g, ing!otan, inswogan°, in l>ryccan, geniedan to, ofergin, ofergangan, oferyrnan, onblhtan°8, onsrgan, onswogan°, onwadanP, gesecan, l>urhswogan° -(Of fear, etc.) to ...... ran upon: (ge)feallan inion, gehr&>san .Coming upon, attacking: onsigende .Surprise encounter, attack: insw0gennes0 , ongang, oris, onryne, onscyte, lipgang See 13.02.03ff Attack 05.12.05.02.02 To come together, meet: igcn ieman,

(ge)cuman ongcan(es)ltogcan(es), efencuman, gegegnian°g, geiernan/gerinnan, liican, (ge)mctan, gemittan .Coming together: geancumende, geanul0 g, samodcumende, toftowende, toiemende .A coming together, meeting: geancyme, geancyr, geancymesq, geangang0 g, geannes«,geanryne,(ge)mCting,gemitting,gerecenesq,gesaJIUlung .Meeting, junction: gemot See 12.04.02 Assembly

340

OS.12.0S.02.04.01 To insert into (a hole) 05.12.05.02.03 Toarrl•e: Hean, (gc)cuman t6, gcdOn et, fllcian, gcfaran, gcf'Uan, fort>cuman, fullcuman°, gegin, gegangan, (ge)ntcan, ges&:an, tOcuman, ge~ .To arrl•e quickly, run to and reach: gciernan .Newly come, just arrl•ed: nfwcumen .Coming, arrival: cyme, ofercyme0 , si)>, t6cyme ..Arrival here: hidercyme, hidert6cyme0 ..Arrival there: ~idercyme ..Homecoming: himcyme .To go to, visit: As!can, ~n. (gc)neosian, (gc)s&:an, (ge~n .To reach, attain (to): ilillan, (ge)cuman (tO), gefolgian, gegripian, (gc)hrinan, gerl!can, gercdian, gestfgan, (ge)tillan See 08.01.02.04 Hospitality 05.12.05.02.04 To go In, eaten biigan on, gefetsian, ge~lan, in gebiigan, incuman, infaran, inf&an, ingin, ingangan, innian, insteppan, ongin .To penetrate: As!can, geaolan, in(gc)biigan, ingeotan, ongeotan, oferfaran, ~urhfaran, ~urhleran, gewadan .To permeate, pervade: geondfaran, geond~Jan°P, geonds«.an, geondspriitan°P, ~urhdrifan, ~urhgin, ~geotan, ~urhseon°, ~urhswogan°

..Pervious, pendiable: farendlic0 1, sfgende .To allow In, let in: in(for)letan, in lztan ..To admit, receive (a person): underfbn, wi~ tacan .In: in(n) .Ad of going in, enterlng: incyme0 , infzr, ingang, ongang, onstzpe3 .Person who goes in: cuma, infarende, ingcnga0 P

05.12.05.02.04.01 To insert into (a bole): borian on, gc~an in .To Insert by blowing: bliwan ... on .To Insinuate, slip In: aspanan .To 8x In position, plant: (ge)settan ..To plant, transplant: aplantian, gesettan .To Implant, Instil: besiwan, onislwan°, onsiwan .To Implant into, imprea upon: onlsendan .To Implant, shoot into: besc:Cotan .To Impart, infuse: indzJanl, on(i)geotan, on~lan ,Inserted: ingeseted .Implan~ fnarown: ingeweaxcn°1 See 05.06.07 Puncture 341

05.12.05.02.04.02 To pour in 05.12.05.02.04.02 To pour la: onigeotan, ~Ian, onyJ>an& .Pouring in, Infusion: ingeoting', ingyte0 &, ongeotung°, ongyte 05.12.05.02.04.03 To plunge (llOIDething Into something): (ge)dyfan .To plunge (someone) Into (e.g. bell): bedipan on, beweorpan on, onbesettan& .To plunge into (e.g. sin): (ge)dlifan in/on .To sink: isincan, gedlifan, (ge)sigan, (ge)sincan -To sink into: isigan .To dive, plunge: (ge)dlifan -To dive through: l>urhdlifan°P .To immerse, plunge something Into something: gedlifan inion .To sink, plunge, immerse: isencan&, (ge)sencan See 05.12.01.08.01 Swim

.To snak, plunge (Into): (ge)drencan .To plunge, sink, submerge (IOIDething): (ge)drencan .To cause to sink, submerse, immerse: besencan .To dip, immene: bcdipan, (ge)drpan. dyppan, (ge)indepan& -To dip often: doppettan 05.12.05.03 To travel away (from): framiteon&, (ge)hweorfan (fram/of), ol>sclifan°P, (ge )wendan, (ge)witan .To travel a d1staoce from: (ge)feorrian, feorsian .To move rapidly away from: isceotan of, istellan of, lit asceotan ..And escape: ot>sceotan .To slip, slide away: a:tslidan, islidan, iweg iglidan, iwindan of, beglidanP, (ge)glidan, ol>glidan°P, slincan, lit iwindan .Outward: litweard .Outward bound, ready to start: ellorftisP, litftls0 P .Away from, away: framweardes 05.12.05.03.01 To part ways, separate from, depart: mlan, (ge)dl'tlan, forl~tan . swfcan, toberan, tocyrran, tofaran, toferan, togan, togangan, togengan°P. tohweorfan, toswifan°P, towitan .Parting, separation: (ge)dil OS.12.0S.03.02 To keep dear of, stand off from, withdraw: illican, asceadan, gedl!lan, forbligan OS.12.05.03.03 To depart, leave, set out: ibligan, Maran (of/lit), ifeorsian, ifierran, ileoran (lit), isettan, iweg gin, iweg gewitan, iwendan,

342

05.12.05.03.04 To come/go out from behildanq, beonlwesan of, (ge)biigan (ftam/of), don fram, (ge)faran, (ge)ferian, fort>faran, framgeblgan', fram (ge)bOgan, framf&anl, framgin/framgangan, framhweorfan, fram httan, framgewitan, (ge)gin, (ge)gangan, (ge)hweorfan, (ge)leoran, of igin, oferleran, ofstigan, settan, swician (fram), iip isettan, iit ifaran, iit igin, (ge)wendan, gewican, (gc)witan .To depart hurriedly, flee: ifleon, bcrstan (fram), fteogan, (ge)fteon, forbiigan, fort> intsan, sceacan, tOsc!otan, ilt brecan, gcwrtan -To cletert, forsake, ftee: Asceacan -To steal out: ut etbregdan .To cause to flee, put to fll&ht: fteon, forftygan, iltlleoran' .That departs, departing: framwcard, iitgangendc, iitleoricnde, iiJ>gcngc .Departure: awcggcwitenes, fer, fereld, (gc)lemes, forlet'I, forlet(cn)nes, forletingl, fort>framung', fort>wegP, fort>gewitenes, framfer, framfercld0 , framfundung, framlid0 P, fundung, onwegfereld°, onwcggewitel, onwcggcwitenes, gcrecennes, t>anonsi}>0 , t>urhfereldq, iltfer, wcgffir0 1 ..Departure, escape: swice -Hurried departure: sceacd6m0 ••(Of pillar of doud) herald of departure: si}>boda0 P See I/. 10.04 Flight OS.12.0S.03.04 To com~go out from: icuman, bcsc&>tan,

(ge)cuman (fram/of), (ge)faran iit, forecuman, fort>t>ecuman, fort>cuman, for}>(gc )leoran, fort>gcwtlan, fort>yppan', framlcranl, ofcuman, of feorrian, of gin, sigan ilt, swican ilt, ilticuman, ilt ulbn, iltfaran, iit f'eolan, iit(ii)gin, ut ofgin .To be going out from: beonlwcsan iltwcard .To slip away, become loosened: tOglfdan ..SUpped out: iitislidcn°1, iitiwinden°1 .To put out, send forth: iisendan, lwcg l~tan. fort>ian ut, fort>Ietan, fort>sendan,ofcirranl,onsendan,utidOn,iltdn-Can -To shake out: cweccan ilt -To thrust out: ilt iJ>ringan .To adude, shut out: lscfadan, iscirian, llynan, beclysan wit>iitan, bclucan, iite bctynan -To exclude, cut off from: lhladan° .To banish, drive away: ldn!fan, ldrifan (fram/of), ifeorsian, iflfcman (iit), isciifan, iscyhhan', bcyndan, iiweg iJ>ywan, fordn-Can, forsendan, forswi}>an, of idrifan, ofslean, onbescufanl, on swipan, onwcg ifirran, 343

05.12.05.03.04.01 To burst forth, break out teon iit, iiticnyssans, ilt ildr(i)an, ilt inydan, ilt iscilfan, ilt bcyndan, iit 11Pydan, ilt 11Pywan, ilt drifan, (ge)iltian, ~listianS - To drive away with a cone: ihwl!tan°P .Out: fort>, ilt .A going oat from: forl>gang, forpsi)>, (ge)leor(ed)nes, iltfer, iltfereld, iltgang, iltryne, iitsi)>, ymbcerrS .A going abroad/oat of doon: iltfaru See 14.03.03.09.03 Outlawry

05.12.05.03.04.01 To bunt forth, break out: iberstan ilt. ibrecan (iit), etspringan°P, ispringan, (ge)berstan, forl>bli:stan, forl>bliwan°S, forphreosanoS, forJ>rocettanoS, roc(c)ettan, sceotan of, (ge)springan, tOberstan, )>urhbrecan°P, ilp ibrecan, iip isceotan, ilprocettan°S, iitlberstan, ilt ibrecan, iit isceotan, iit islean, iit rl!san .To fight one's way out: iit ifeohtan .A bursting out: geberst 05.12.05.03.04.02 To Bow oat, well up, enipt: iflowan of/iit, iflowan iip, igeotan, ispringan iip, iweallan, (ge)ftOwan, iip ibliwan, iipreran, iitftowan, weallan .To ooze, trickle out: seohhian/seon, sicerian°, sigan iit, iit sron •To came to escapo'8ow out: geotan, letan, onsendan -To emit, belch: bealcettan •To suck out: sucan, silgan .'lbat Bows, Bowing (out): forl>goten, geotende .A Bowing out: be}>, flOwnes, framimingoS, gang, ilpcyme, utryne See 03.01.16 Liquid

05.12.05.04 To rotate, turn round, revolve: betyman, hwearfian, hwearftlian, (ge)hwierfan, iernan, onhwerfan, tumian, tyman, J>riwan .To travel round, skirt: ymbtcran, ymbgin, ymbhweorfan •To sunound: begin, begangan, belicgan, beteldanP, be1>£ingan, iitan befaran, ymbberan, ymbfaran (... utan), ymbteran, ymbgangan, ymbieman, ymblicgan, ymbtrymman -To SDJTOUDCI in crowds, throq around: ymbheapianS, ymb}>ringan -To surround by riding: beridan .To revolve around, orbit: hwcarfian, hwierfan, ymbcyrran, ymbgin, ymbhweorfan, ymbiernan, ymbscnpan°P, ymbswrfan° .'lbat turns, turning: hwcarfiende, tumiende, tumigendlic0 , wendende .Rotation: welung°S, wendung

344

05.12.05.05 To shake, quake, wag

.Golna about, dmdt: ymbfer ymbfereld, ymbgang, ymbhwyrft 0

,

"Orbit, drde: circul, Mhhwyrfingl, hw~llist°I, hw~lridl, hwyrft, ierning, ongeangangl, ongeanrynel, oruyne, ryne, scri)>e0 P, ymbfaru0 •, ymbhwyrft, ymbryne .SOmething wblcb turns round: wendend See 05.12.02.08 Tum

05.12.05.04.01 (Ofwbeel, etc.) to roll, tnmdle: ltrendlian°P, iwilwian, lwyltan, bettendan°', trendan°, wealwian, (gc)wyltan, (gc)wylw(i)an .(Of sky, birds, etc.) to wheel, swoop: swipan, swifan, windan "(Of objects) to wheel away: otbwylfanl, (ge)windan "(Of objects) to whirl or spin oft': lwindan of .To twist, writhe: spinnan, geJ>r~stan, wrencan "To roll, writhe, wallow: gcfealdan, hwcarfian, tcarftian°, wealwian, windan ••(or. a serpent) to twist, worm, wind: slingan .To cause to roll towards: lhwylfan, t0wicltan°1 .To roll (in the bands): onwealcan .That rolls, rolling: wealcol0 1 05.12.05.05 To shake, qu•ke, wag: lbifian, Acwacian, Acweccan, (gc)bifian, bliccettan, cwacian, (ge)cweccan, ftotcrian, hrisian, sce.acan, sprangcttan°1, spreawlian°•, wagian •To pulsate, throb, beat: cleppan°, clzppcttan, clocccttan°, slecgcttan° "(Of objects) to clash, strugle: (gc)winnan •To swing, oscillate, ripple, toss: IAcan .(Of flames) to leap: lican .(Of people) to twitch: togcttan° .(Of a banner, etc.) to ftutter, wave: hwcarfian, windan .(Of birds, etc.) to ftutter: fi)>ercian°, fi)>erian, ftogettan .To cause to shake: Acwcccan, ihreran, iisceacan, bregdan hider and gcond, (gc)cweccan, hafetian, hrisian, onbregdan, onsceacan, sceacan, wecgan "To shake violently: ahrisian, awecgan, forcwysan• "To brandish (e.g. a sword): iisceacan, borettanl, gcbrcgdan, brogdettan, sceacan, wifrian°1, windan .To make a brandishing movement: iibregdan •That swings, swinging, swaying: ridusendel .Act of shaking, quaking: brogdettung, cwacung, cweccung•, styrung, swangettung0 , weallung .Pnlsation: cleppctung .(Of eyelid) act offtickerlna: breahtmung°I 345

05.12.05.05.01 To wave, undulate 05.12.05.05.01 To wave, undulate: windan, yJ>gian .To toss, be toaed (on 1ea): ftoterian, hwearfian, hwearftlian, (ge)torfian .Being toaed on waves: faroJ>licendeP .Movement, motion of water: w~g See 01.01.03.01.02 Sea

05.12.05.06 To travel overltbrougb/along, travene: befaran, beteran, begin, beieman, (ge)teran, foq>fcran, fort> oferfaran, (ge)gin, (ge)gangan, geondfaran, geondieran, geondgangan, geondhweorfan, geondscnpan, geondyrnan, hweorfan (zfter/be), (ge)metan, ofercierrang, oferfaran, oferfCran, ofergin, ofergangan, oferspyrianog, oferyrnan, pzJ>J>anP, J>urhfaran, J>urhferan, J>urhgin, J>urhgangan, t>urhllor(i)an, J>urhscrij>an, J>urhwadanP, (ge)wealcan, ym~man°, ymbfaran, ymbgin, ymbgangan, ymbhweorfan, ymbieman .To travene quickly: J>urhieman, J>urhn1:san°P .To walk through, penmbulate: geondgangan .A journey over: geondscnpung°g, ofercierr 0 g, oferfzr, oferfereld, ofergeong°S 05.12.05.06.01 To travel smoothly, slide, &tide: glrdan, scnpan, slidan, sliipan .To glide througb: J>urhscnpan .To glide over: oferglidan .To glide away: iweg iglrdan, oJ>glidan°P 05.12.05.06.02 To force a way through: brecan on .To penetrate, break through: brecan, J>urhfaran, J>urhfCran, J>urhgin, J>urhlwr(i)an, J>urhwadanP .To drive through, pierce: J>urhdrifan See 05.06.07 Punctu~

05.12.05.07 To go beyond, pass: begin, behindan l~tan. forgin, gegangan, ofergin, ofergangan, oferhleapan, oferhl!J>rian, oferlloran, oferstzppan, oferstellan°, oferstrgan, J>urhfaran •To overtake: beieran, hindan offaran, ofemiman, offaran, offeran, offyligang, oftacan° -To overtake by mnning: ofiman ..By galloping: ofzman°g 05.12.05.07.01 To pass by: befCran, begin, begangan, bewzrlang. forellorang, forj>gin, forj>stapan, oferteran, (ge)wzrlang 346

05.12.05.09 To go forward, proceed

.That passes by, passina by: for1>bigferende0 05.12.05.08 To ao Wore, p1ecede: beforan gin, forefmui, fore(ge)gin, foregangan, foreleoran, forest&ppan .That precedes, preceding: foresta:ppende, forestapuJ0 i .One who goes Wore: foregenga, foregengel, foreiernend, forerynel , forest&ppend. wicschwere0 ..And keeps guard: foreweard -One who rides ahead (with a me11age): forridel0 .Before, In advance of: etforan, beforan .Before: aetforan, beforan See 05.l 1.07.03.02.01 Precursor 05.12.05.08.01 To 10 Wore and pide: gerihtlkan, (ge)teon, (ge)wisian, (ge)wissian .To pide, show the way: lt~ran. ~nan .To bring, bear, conduct: icuman, idon, fercian, (ge)ferian, (ge)fetian, inbeli:dan°i, (ge)Uedan, (ge)li:ran -BY holding: ll!dan .To lead: forelfedanoS, forli:dan, (ge)li:dan, (ge)teon -To lead out or away: aetll!dan, ihladan, ili:dan, (ge)ferian, ol>li:dan, illlli:dan -To lead towards: tO(ge)l&dan ..To lead onwards: fort>(ge)li:dan ..To lead through: l>urhl&dan' .Led up: up geli:ded .Guidance, leadenhlp: litteowdOm .Guidance, showing the way: wissung .One who precedes, a guide: feri(g)end, ll!dend, wissi(g)end ..(Of Mary) a female pide: htttewestre0 .A pide (showing the way): litteow, ticnbora See 12.03 Guidance OS.12.05.09 To go forward, proceed: ist&ppan, forpfCran, forpgin, fofl>gangan, forpst&ppan, forpwecgan°B , gangan forp, healdan (on/to), gelendan, racian, wrecan .To proceed with energy, pna on: criidanP, (ge)fundian, onettan (forp), onl>ringan, scufan, (ge)l>ringan •To go forward, condnae, persist: gangan forp, (ge)healdan, l>urhstandan°, l>urhteon 347

05.12.05.10 To go behind. follow .To come forward: forecuman, forpcuman -(Of a plough) to nose forwards: snyt>ian°P .Forward: forJ>weard .Forwards: forJ>, forJ>weard, forJ>wcardes, gegnum .A going forward: forecymeq, forJ>gang, forJ>scype,

forJ>stz~,

forJ>stzpping, fyrding .Advance, progress: forJ>stz~. fort>stzpping, frcmming See 11.03.02 Progress

OS.12.0S.10 To go behind, follow: acfterfolgian, acfterfylgian, Mylganq, (ge)folgian, forJ>folgianog, fullfyligan°S, (ge)fylgan (acfter), (ge)secan, underfyl(i)gans, weorJ>an acfterweard .To follow and hunt/search for: ispyrian, fylgan, (ge)s!can .To follow a trail: iidnran spor, bedrifan trod. drifan trod, fylgan swacf>, list weardian, on list lecgan .To pursue with hostile intent: (ge)Chtan, folgian, neosian •To chase, persecute: oferfylgan .Act of following: fylgingS .Pursuit: acfterfylgungS, crydeq, eht°P, tos6cnes0 S, tos0cnungOS .Pursuer: ehtend, listweard .Following In the rear, coming after: acftanweard0 P .Behind, after: acthindan, hindan, on hindan ..From behind: hindan See 04.03 Hunt, 05.1J.07.04.02 Latter OS.12.0S.11 To tum back, Htteat: ofteon, onwicanq, onwindanP, (ge)swican (fram), wiJ>styllan°S, wit>teon, wit>tremman° .Reheat, turning back: wiJ>efb'odP .Back, backwards: ofer bacc, on bacc, on baccling(a), on earsling, on hinder, on hinderling, underbacc, underbacclingS -Backwards, contrariwise: wi1>er5ynes0 -Backwards (In order): eft. on hinder .Back, again: eft, eft ongean, ongean See 13.02.05.02 Defeat OS.12.05.11.01 To retum: acthweorfan°P, igen bewcndan, igen cuman, igen(ge)hweorfan, igenhwyrfan°, iwendan, (ge)cierran, edbwierfanS, edwendan', eft cuman, eft cyrran, eft hweorfan, eft sij>ian, (ge)hweorfan, (ge)hwierfan, ongean f!ran, ongean hwyrfan, on list faran, onwendan, geweodan 348

05.12.05.12.01 To reach up •To return bome: himsij>ianoS, him ... si}>ian .To spring back (as a spring): springan, Op springan .To lead back: agenlitdan°', ongcan (gc)htdan •To send back: agenscndan .That returns, retumln1: cft hwirfcndc, ongCanhwirfcndc& .Return: igeancymc', igeancyrding', igCanhworfconcs', cymc, cdcicrr, cdhwyrft, cdrync', cftcymeJ>, cftcyrr 0 ' , cftrync', cftsi)>P, geancyr, geanfaer 0 ,gcangang,geanhwurf',geanhwyrftoS,hwyrft. gcbwyrftncs0 P,ongcancymc,ongcanfer0 ',ongcanhwyrft'. ongcanrync' ..A loins home: himfercld0 , himsi}> 05.12.05.12To10 up, Ma!nd: ln!man, btrgan (ilp), clymman, cft ansan, fort>ritsan, ofstandan, ofstigans, (gc)stigan (iip), iipansan, iipaspringan, iipastigan, iipcuman, iipgin, iipspringan, iipstigan .To dimb up, scale: climban, ofcrclimban°, ofcrstigan, (gc)stigan .To rise together: gcrfsan .To dimb into: astitgan°S, btigan, btigianl, instigan°' .To pt over, climb over: ofcrstrgan .To overcome, surmount: ofcrstigan .That rises up, welling up: fort>atscndc .(Of sun) having risen: iipsprungcn .Rkln1, ascent: erist, istigncsl, stigc0 P, iipbpringncs0 S, iipastigcnncs, iipbtfgncs, iipcyme, iipfercld0 , iipgang, iiphcbbingoS, iiprync, iipspring, ilpstigc .An ascent, way up: iipastigcnncs, iipastigncs, iipgang, iipstige, iipwcgP .One who ascends: iipstfgcnd See 05.J / .04.0/.01 Dawn

05.12.05.12.01 To reach up: iiprzcan° .To stand (up): arrsan, astandan, gcstandan, ilpihcbban, iip Antman .To sit up: gcsittan iip, iip asittan .To leap, spring: (gc)hleapan, springan, (gc)sticllan ..To leap about: hleapan, hleapcttan° ..To leap up: ahleapan (iip), styrtan°S ..To leap upon/across: gchleapan, ofcrbleapan ..To leap over: oferstellan° .A jump, leap, bound: hlicp, stic))P ..A leap over: oferhlyp0 ••One who leaps over: ofcrhleapcnd 349

05.12.05.12.02 To raise, lift up, elevate .Erect, upright: ilpstandende -Upright, havina stood up: iipriht

05.12.05.12.02 To raise, lift up, elevate: idOn, ihebban (iip), Hran, ireccan, (ge)don ilp, ferian ... iip, hafenianP, (ge)hean, (ge)hebban (ilp), onhebban (iip), onstepan°P, n!ran, teon iip, underliitan, ilp ibregdan, ilp in!ran, ilp lreccan, ilp lstreccan, ilpitCon, ilp IJ>enian, iipgin, ilpnimanog, iipn!ran'. ilpreccan°i, wreccan .To elevate, esalt: (ge)uferian, ilp lrengan .Exalted, raised high: heahpungen, tobitden, geuferod .R•iced up, lifted, tuaoul upwards: heah, iipihafen, iipihebbendlic0 i, iipistreht0 , iiplwend0 .A lifting up, raising, elevation: ihafennes, iiplhafennes, iipihafu, iipihefednes,iiphef(en)nes -Elevation, es•ltatioa: lfangennes, ln!mes, onhefcdnes 05.12.05.13 To go down, descend: idiine (i)stigan, lstigan, lstigan idiine, misstigan°i, niper lstigan, niJ>erfaran°', niper gin, ofistigan', ofdiine istrgan, ofstigan, (ge)sigan, (ge)stigan (idiine/niper) .(Of sun, etc.) to descend, decline: igryndan°P, ihildan, lsigan, gryndan°i, (ge)hnigan, (ge)liitan, onhieldan, onsfgan, (ge)sfgan .To sink, descend (into): besincan .To descend (to lower pl•ce): (ge)lihtan .To go down into: istfgan on .To reach by descendina: gestigan .To alight, descend (from): ilihtan (of) -To alight upon: oferlihtan° .To let down, cause to descend: lztan ofdiine .To cause to sink or settle: Sl!gan°P .That descends, descending: dilnestigendei, niJ>eristigende ••(Of light) coming from above: ufancumende -Rushing downwards: nijlersceotendei .Descent: ihyldnes0 i, nipergang0 , niperstige, ofhildeq, ofgestignes0 i, onhield(cd)nesi, stige0 P, stignes°' _Hasty downwards descent: fzrfyll0 i, niperscyfe0 i, scyterits0 i .(Of heavenly body) a falling, setting: nipersigei, s!g0 P, sige0 P ..setting of sun: l!spryng°P, setl, setlung .One who descends: niperstigende See 05.11.04.02.01 SllllSet 350

05.12.05.13.03 To fall

05.12.05.13.01 To claceDll btne•tb, go lower duan (• pl•c.e): underhnigan, undersc&>tan •To go/pass under wwwtb: underieman .To bury, put under ground: bedelfan, begrafanP .Parra1e unclernatb, tramlt: underscyte .Tbat .Ups 11ncler, rllpplaa under: understrcende0S 05.12.05.13.0l To bow, bead down: ibUgan, ilutan, (ge}biegan, (ge)bugan, (ge)lutan, onhieldan, onhnigan, onlutan, stupian .To bow the bead: hnipian .To prostnte onerelf: il>enian, (ge)strcccan .To lower, bend, cause to bow: (ge)hieldan, inhildan°', litan°P, onhieldan, onhnigan .To allow to droop: hon .Bowed, bent: iloten, gehnipen 05.12.05.13.02.01 To kneel down: (ge)cn!owian, cnwwlian, licgan on cn!owum, on cnww(um) sittan .Act of kneellaa down: cnwwbigung', cnwwung See 16.02.04.18.03 Kneel 05.12.05.13.02.0l To sit down: ofsittan, gesittan .To be sitting down: (ge)sittan •To sit on: gesittan .To recline: gebugan, fCt fealdan, geliitan .Tbat sits, sitting: (ge)sittende .Act of sittln1 down: ofsetenes°', geszt, gesetenes', setlung, sittings .Slttln1 position: setl

05.12.05.13.03 To fall: befeallan, behreosan, (ge)feallan, gefetan8, (ge)hr&>san, oferhm>san', offeallan, onbehreosan' .To fall upon: oferfeallan° .To fall in: infeallan°8, onbefeallan' .To fall forwards/down: forJ>hnigan, forl>lutan .To fall down, fall to pieces: tofeallu .To fall off: actfeallan, ifcalIan .To stumble and fall: iislidan, (ge)feallan, nyJ>er iisigan .To fall down/to the ground: idiin feallan, AhnJgan, ilriosan, biigan, gecringan, (ge)feallan, fealletan•, (ge)lriosan, ofhr!osan .To roll down: bewylwian°s .To fall be8dlong: (ge)hnosan 351

05.13 Changeableness, change ..And come upon, reach by falllna: gefeallan •To fall, drop: drCopianS, (ge)feallan .To rain, fall: regnianS, (ge)rinan .To let fall, drop: gefyllan .To knock down, cause to fall: ifyllan, befyllanP, (ge)fyllan .That falls, falling: feallende, hreosende .Readynikely to fall: (ge)hreosendlic .That is falling down: nit>erhreosende .Tumbling downwards: dreorig, neowol .Fallen, tumbled: isliden ..(Of snow) fallen: gefeallen .A fall, falling: (ge)feall, (ge)fiell, ruineq .A fall from a height: hryre .A fall, overturning: gefealnesS .A slide, fall: slide .A falling to the ground, toppling: hryrc .A falling down: nit>erhryrc0 S .Dropping, fall: fillen° .A sudden fall: fzrdryrc0 P, fterslide0 P ..A. sudden/headlong fall: fitrfylloS, hryrc .A cliff leap, plunge to nlin: clithlypll

OS.13 Changeablenea, change: iwendendness .Change, alteration, variation: hwearfung .Alteration, change: edwend0 P, onwend(ed)nes, (ge)wend(ed)ness .Change, mutation: onhwerfednes0 , wendung, (ge)wrixl, (ge)wrixlung .Changing: wendedJicoS .Varying: hweorfende .To change, vary, alter: tlgian, (ge)wendan, (ge)wrixlan .To change, tum, alter: icirran, iwendan, becierran, bewrixl(i)an, hwearfian, hweorfan, inwendanoS, oncierran, onhwerfan, onwendan, (ge)wendan, gewixlanq, ymbcyrran .To tum to, bring to a condition: iftowan to, bemiltian on, gehwierfan on, gewendan to • .To change, alter the character of: (ge)wrixlian .To change, alter, put one thing for another: gehwierfan .To tum (Into), convert, alter: (ge)cierran .To go over to, tum to: iwendan, (ge)bilgan to, (ge)cierran on/to .To pass from (a condition etc.): (ge)bilgan from, gewilan Ste 05.//.0/.03 Mutability, 11.J 1.04 Subversion

352

05.13.04 Exchange, commutation

05.13.01 Tramformatioa, t111rtns another shape: hiwung, oferymbwoendnisse0 1 .Altered, tramformed: lwemmcd, forscepen .Converted: gehweorf .To tramform: lbrcgdan (tO), aethiwian°, lwendan, forhwierfan (tO), (ge)hiwian .To traasftgure: oferbrwian .To tum, change to another form: bregdan on, hiwian on, oncierran (on) -To &ive another shape to: gecdhiwianl .To change for the worse, tramform: forbrcgdan, forscieppan. misbrcgdanl .To convert, change: ihweorfan, ihwierfan (frarnlof), (ge)cierran, (ge)hwierfan, gell!ran .To tum to, convert into, chance: behwirfan (on/to) 05.13.02 A reversal: cdwendenP, wit>ercyr 0 P .To change, revene: onhweorfan .To return to, change back into: lwendan, onhweorfan 05.13.03 Regular alternation: gewrixl .Alternating: gewrixlic°', wrixliende .Alternate: gewrixl .In turn, tum about: lbOtan, betw!onan, hwierflice0 1, l>atrgemang0 1, wrix(i)endlice, ymb stefn .Alternately: ste~lum .To alternate: stefnan

05.13.04 Exchange, commutation: behwearf(t)I, (ge)hwearf .An exchange, thln1 exchanged: (ge)hwearf .lnten'hange (of blows): wrixl .Substitution: wil>erstcde°' ..Thing substituted: gield .Muh181: wrix(i)endlic -Reciprocal: cdlesende .Vicarious: gewrixl .As an alternative: elcor, elles .In return, in eschangie (for): ongean, togeanes, 1>ttrtogeanes, 1>atrwil>. wil> .In the stead of, in place of: fore, in (. .. ) stealI, on (.. . ) stale, on (. .. ) stcde, on ( .. . ) gewrixle .To exchange, change (for another): lwendan, bewrixl(i)an, gehweorfan, onwendan 353

05.13.05 Changeability "To barter, adwnp, cb•n1e for: behwirfan •To stand for, be as good u: forstandan, gesettan for

.Or:

01>J>e. l>e

05.13.05 Changeability: onstydfullncs&, onwendedlicnes0 &, ungewendnesq, wandlung° .Inconstancy, matabillty: hwurfulnes .Unsettledness: unstaj>olfacstnes .Changeable: iwende(n)dlic .Changeable, fickle, unstable: hwurful 0 , onwendedlic, unfa:st, unstacl>l>ig .Not firm: unstcdcfa:st°& .Unsettled, not remaining in one place: unstaj>olfacst .Unsteadily, without stabillty: ungestacl>l>iglice See 11.06.06 Turning 05.13.06 Constancy, ancbangeablenas: fa:strZdnes .Stabillty, unchanging conditioa, tbity: stcde .Unchangeable, fixed, unalterable: facst, unandwendlic0 , unawcndcn(d)lic, unhwearfiende0 , unymbwendedlic0 & .Unchanging: uniwendende .Unchanged, unaltered: uniwend(cd) .Quiet, uuchangiog, undisturbed, stable: stille .Permanent, durable, immutable: &:c, facstlic, heahfacst0 P .Immovable, firm: unistyriende .Unsbakea, immovable: uniwa:gendlic0 , untosceacen .Unfailing: unispringende, unispringen(d)lic .Unending, imperishable: uniteorigendlic .Unalterably, without possibility of change: uniwendendlice .To ftlllain standing, remain: ot>standan .To stick, l'f'main fixed: stician .(Of things) to bold together, endure: ll>lian .To remain, not to be destroyed: actstandan, istandan .To continue (in a stato'conditlon): sittan, IJurhwunian .To be upheld, endure, not to fall: (ge)standan See 05.11.11 Continuity; 06.02.07.02 Constancy 05.13.06.01 Ftrm, stable, steady: facst, staj>olfacstlic, trum, untealt° .Ftrmly bed, fast.: facst .settled: eardfa:st, feststea1J 0 P .Firm, fast: festlice 354

05.13.06.01 Firm, stable, steady .Firmly: SWl"J>e .A f01•ndatlon, idtlement: staJ>olfatnung°i, stapolung, trymming .Foandadon, root: stin, stapol, stefn, stofn, wyrtwalu ..Foandadon stone: grundweall .To ftx, establish, found: befaestan, gegrundst$elian°, (ge)grundweallian, gestapolfaest(i)an, (ge)stapolian .To set, &x, plant, implant (in): iplantian, plantian, (ge)settan .To fix (up)on, fasten: ifaestnian, behleapan •To ftx, leltle: getrymman .To place, leltle, establish in: (ge)settan See 05.12.04.01 Stability

355

06 Spirit, soul, heart

6. Mental Faculties 06 Spirit, soul, heart: ferhj>P. heorte, heonscra:f 0 P. hret>er. lichordP. moo, mOdsefaP, siwol .Provided with a soul: gesiwelod ..Without a soul: sawolleas .Spiritual, inner, of spiritual nature: gistlic, incund, innera .Spiritually (as opposed to corporeally): gistlice .souJ, mind, inner man: breostloca. mOdsefaP, se innra man ..Body as soul-house: siwolhord, siwolhiis .Breast, heart, mind: breost, breosthordP, breostsefaP, ferhjx:leofa0 P, ferhjx:ofaP, gistcofa0 P, heone, hordcofa, hret>ercofa0 P, hret>ertocaP, hygesceaft0 P, incofa, ingel>anc, (gc)mOd, mOdscfaP See 02.01.01.01Soul;08.01 Heart; 16.01.03 Ghost

06.01 The bead (as seat of thought): heafod .Intellect, intellectual part of man: gcwitt .Mind, intellect: heonc, hordgc~c , hygc, (gc)moo, gemynd, myne, sefa, gewitloca, (ge)witt .Mind, thought(s): ferhl>JocaP, ferhl>sefaP, mOdgcmyndP, mOdgcl>ancP, moogel>Oht°P •.8ecret thoughts: hord)ocaP, moohord0 P .To come to, occur to the mind: bcieman on moo, cuman on gemynde, (ge)ieman on moo, ieman on gemynde .A thought, an idea: gel>anc, get>Oht, mOdgel>ancP .To form an idea In the mind, conceive: t>encan .To conceive of, consider: understandan be .(Of an idea/state) to take possession of: ofsittan, warian .A preconceived idea: fore1>anc 0

06.01.01 Thought, the faculty of thinking, mind: gel>anc, (ge)l>Oht •Thought, thoughts of the mind: breostgehygd, breostgel>ancP, gistgehygdP, g~stgemynd P, gistgeryneP, hygcJ>ancP, ingehygd, ingemyndP, ingel>anc, mOdgcbygdP, mOdgcl>ancP, mOdsefaP, (ge)l>anc ..Worldly thought: woruldgel>Oht° .To receive as matter for thought: underf5n .To think (certain) thoughts: (ge)hogian, (ge)hycgan, (ge)t>encan ..Having (certain) thoughts: gehogod 0

06.01.01.01 Thinking about, minding, httdlng: gemynd .Mindful of, having the thoughts engaged upon: gemyndig

356

06.01 .01.01.01.01 Consideration, rumination .Tboqbtfally: gemyndiglice .To think about, employ tboagbt about a matter: foresceawian, hogian, (ge)hycgan,gemunan,gemyndgian -To coocentrate thought: gesamnian ingeJ>anc - Violence, force (of tboagbt): swiJ>fa:stnes0 .To regard, bend the mind to: lgfman, ltybtan, (ge)bwcorfan, hwierfan, lacian .To dlnct one's attention to: l6cian to .To deal with a subject: (ge)traht(n)ian .To present to the mind for c:omiclentioa: g~can .To suggest, brine to the mind: tyhtan .Consideration, disamlon: l'Zdels .8crutiny, consideration: ismeagung°, foresceawung, giemen, ~wung, yuib(e)J>anc(a), ymbsmeagung°' .To 1cprd, cooslder, olJ1e1 te: beheaJdan, gcondsd.awian, gieman, (ge)scCawian .Ob1ervatioo, perc:eption: g~wung 06.01.01.01.01 Tboagbt, coptation, meditation: (ge)hygd, metgung,

smea(g)ung, smeaJ>og .Tboqbttul, reftective, meditative: ~wiendlic°', smeagendlic, J>ancful, l>ancbycgende0 P,J>encendlic° .To consider, reeect on, ponder, meditate: ipinsian, ira:fn(i)an, ismeagan, behiwian (be), bebycgan, ~wian, bel>encan (yuibe), geondJ>encan, genu!nan, metgian, oferrzdan, oferJ>encan°, onhycgan°P, (ge)smea(ga)n belon/ymbe, (ge)J>encan - To re8ect, collect oneself: besmCagan°, geniman -To nm over (a subject): gcondyman -To look i.oto: underJ>encan° .To meditate, consider: gemunan, (ge)l>encan, yuibJ>encan .To weigh, consider, delibetate: iheolorian, (ge)denum, eahtian, heolorian, ongietan, pinsian, (ge)smea(ga)n belon/yuibe, get>ancmetian°P, l>rcodian, yuib(e)J>ridian, ymbl>eahtian .To turn, revolve: bewindan, wealcan (yuibe) .To look (back), think, consider: beseon (on ba:c) .To reconsider: underJ>encan 06.01.01.01.01.01 Consideration, mmioatioa: lceocung°', edroc8 .To mmloate: edreccan/codorcan, grun(n)ian•, n!sw(i)an

-To preoccupy:

lg~lan,

forebisegian' 357

06.01 .01.01.01.02 Forethought, consideration .Contemplative, deeply thoughtful: deophycgendeP, deophydigP, deop)>ancol •Wisely considering: gl!awhycgende0 P .Profoundly, with deep thought: deope, d&>plice, h!ah, sm!alice .Very thoughtfully: deopJ>ancenlice •With depth of thought: deopJ>ancollice0 .Deliberation: frigedom, J>ancmet(eg)ung°. (ge)J>eaht, geJ>eahtung, J>reodung, ymbJ>reodungt! ..Deliberative: pundemgend0 i, geJ>eahtendlic .(Of thought) profound, deep: deop, d!oplic, smCalic .(Of commentary) subtle, acute: smeapancol .(Of the mind) to direct to a lofty object: hebban 06.01.01.01.01.02 Forethought, consideration: foreJ>anc

.Premeditated: ltrbeJ>Oht0 -Unpremeditated: unbel>Oht .To premeditate, consider (beforehand): foresmeagan, foreJ>encan 06.01.01.02 Care, attention, observation: begfmen .Observation, marldng, notice: geheald .Ear, attention to things beard: !are

.Intent, attentive: atyht, becneord0 , gecneord .Not omitted, not passed over: unforswigod0 .Carefully: behydiglice, f'refellice, hohfullicei, Jistelice0 _Carefully, attentively: carfullice, geome, geomfullice, geomlice .Attentively: scearplice -Very attentively: forgeome0 .aosely, carefolly, attentively: gehende, scearpe, scearplice •To tum/direct attention to: ij>enian mOd on, dybbian', hebban moo to, (ge)sceawian, sinnanP, (ge)wendan to .To watch, mark, observe, notice: bewarenian, beweardian, (ge)gieman, (ge)hiwian, understandan •To observe, take heed of, take notice of: becq>an'. hedan, mearcian, serifan, sinnanP, weorJ>ian See J1.02.02/f Diligence; l 1.10.02/f Vigilance 06.01.02 The imaginative faculty: rltdels

.(F1prative) illumination: lihting -{F1aurative)aspark:spearca .To see with the mind's eye, visualize: geseon 358

06.01.03.02 Dialectics, logic

.To illumine: (ge)inlihtan, onelan, onlihtan

See 06.01.07.04.04.02 Pretence 06.01.02.01 An lnwpury form, fancy: hiw .A delusion, illusion: gedwimor, dydrung, lo!ming, unnytnes .(Of mind) snwllnea, sNllowness: hlitnnes, medmicelnesoS, mindom0 P .Not deep, shallow: undeop ..Shallow, silly, not given to think deeply: undeopl>ancol0 .Tbougbdess,-enMless: hygeleaslic "Tbougbdessly, with levity: hygeleaslice .Heedlessness, folly: hygeleast .Foolish, unwise: hygeleas, unhoga .Absurdity, fatuousness: (ge)dofung .Puerility, cbildisbness: cildsung° .Emptiness, vanity: gemearr .Empty, idle: ltlltte, framdons

See 11.08.04 Frivolity 06.01.05.03.03 lndi«retion: ungefaed0 .Hasty, anconsidend: unforesceawod0 , unforesceawodlicoS .Tbougbdessly, without due consideradon: leohtlice, unforsceawodlice,

ungcaplice0 S 06.01.05.03.03.01 Unreasonableness, foolishness, imprudence:

ungesceadwisnes .Folly, rashness, recklessness, imprudence: wanhygdP .An ill-advised acdon, foolish enterprise: unn!den°P, unr~dsij>, ungewittignes, gewitleast .Evil counsel, ill·advised coune, folly: unn!d .Ill-adviMd, unwise, rub: redleas, unn!dlic .Foolish, rub: wanhygdigP .Iruliscreet, unreasonable, imprudent: ungesceadwis, un(ge}scl;adwislic .Unreliable, incompetent, unwise: unn!dfaest .ID-advisedly, without good counsel: unn!dlice .Unwisely, rashly: unn!dfaestlice0 , unsnotorlice 365

06.01.06 Understanding, knowledge, cognizance .Unreuonably, foolhhly: un(ge)schd(e)lice, ungeschdwislice See 11.02.04 Heedlessness 06.01.06 Unclentanding, lmowlqe, cog•dzaMe: andgiet(e), cyppu, ongietenes .To know, unclentand: (ge)cniwan, oncniwan, understandan .Knowledge, discernment, undentanding: tocniw(en)nes "To discem/unclentand the difference between: tocniwan, tOsceadan .Aware, having knowlqe of: wa:r "To become awarefcomdous of: wcorpan gewa:r "To become/be made aware of: ifindan 06.01.06.01 Knowledge, copblmce, knowing: ingewitnes, oncniw(en)nes, wisdom, (ge)witnes .Copizant of, knowing, aware of: gecnltwe, gecypig', gefn!ge, gewiss, witende .Faculty of lmowlna (In animals): gewitt .To get to know, bear of, leam: igitan, (ge)iscian (be), findan, gefricgan, gefrignan, (ge}hieran, (ge)leomian, oficsian, gewitan .To become known: Agin iit. (ge)ciipian, (ge)cypan, (ge)cyplecan 06.01.06.01.01 Knowlqe: tjppu, ingehygd, lircra:ft, oncniwung"S, ongesetenes .Knowledge resulting from enquiry: gefrige0 P .Jnformadon:gewissung .One who knows (something): oncniwend, (ge)wita .Knowingly, with knowlqe: gewisfullice0 .Accurately, showing knowlqe: gewislice .By heart, thoroughly known: gemimorlice0 .Well known: gemimor, widciip, ymbspntce0 P .To know, have knowlqe: (ge)cunnan "To know, have lmowlqe of: becniwan, (ge)cniwan, (ge)cunnan, ongietan, (ge)witan (be) .To come to know: geseon .To know, be competent: oncunnan .To know thoroughly: gcondwadan° 06.01.06.01.01.01 Acqaalntance, lmowledae: ciipnes, tjpnes, cyppu .To know, be acqaalnted with: (ge)cniwan .Familiarity: biwciipnes, biwcupntdnesog ..Familiar, known: fullciip, himciipog, biwciip, biwciiplic

366

06.01.06.02.02 Thal which is taught. doctrine or teaching -FamUier, well-known: namciil> • To make famllier to: gehrwciiJ>lician

See I I .05 /f Habit

06.01.06.01.01.02 To know, recopia: icnlwan, oncnlwan, ongietan, undergietan .Known, recognfud: gecdwe, (ge)ciiJ>, cyJ>ig, folcciiJ>P, gearowite0 , oncnewe, oncyJ>ig, wrs .To ""°*''in, identify: (ge)cnlwan, JOcian, (ge)s&>n

06.01.06.02 Knowledge, leamiq, erudition: cneft, gelerednes, llr, llrcrzft, leomes0 , leomungcneft, gecydnes, wfsdOm, witnes .Leaming, understandina, knowledge: ~ipe .Knowledge (in poetry): leoJ>ucrzftP .Connected with leamlng, leamed: gelered ..Skilled, teamed (in artslcnafts): cr&ftig, cr&ftgl~w 0P, getyd, wisfzst .Leamedly: snotorlfce .Vased in, steeped in: begriwen •Well-informed: felafricgende0 P •Well-directed, knowledgeable: ginnwised0 P .Very teamed, erudite: geJ>ungen, J>urhleredoS • With profound learning: deoPt>ancollice0 .5cbolarly, teamed: l>Ocx:r&ftig, bOclic, st&fcr&ftig', gest&fll!red, st&fwis0

06.01.06.02.01 A wlw man, man olaacleas•anding or learnina: l>Codwita, wisa, wita, witega

.A learned layman, sage: woruldwita .A man acquainted with mysteries: riinwitaP .A learued man, scbolar: esne, lirCow, liirwita0 , leomere, leomungmann, rltdere, st&fleomere' ..An authority, master in a subject: dihtere, ealdor -•n history: stZrleomerel ..A scbolar, bookman: bOcere, l>Ocn!dere0 1, pundere0 1 ..A master, peat scbolar: heahleomereoS

See 17.02.04 Craftsman

06.01.06.02.02 That wbicla is taupt, doctrine or teaching: llr .(Sc:holarly) study: gecneordnes .A study, discipline: llr, llrCowdOm ..A subject/topic for study: gccneordnes -A rate laid down for a subject: lagu 367

06.01.06.02.02.01 Leaming, science (secular knowledge) .Edifyiq matter, a foundation: ttymming .Fully to be learned: l~rgedefe0P

06.01.06.02.02.01 Leamina, sdence (wnlar bowledae): woruldwisdom .Learned, having sec:ular knowledge: woruldwfs ..In song/poetry: leo~ftig°P ..In reckoning: rfmcrzftig, g~lwis ..In astronomy: steorglcaws .An art or science: gesdad ..A liberal art: bOclic staef -Liberal: freo .An obsc:utt/esoteric subject: geryne, geszgcdnes .Letters, learning, science: bOccra:ft, bOclar, gelise, stafas _Cunning skill in letters: gebregdstafas0 P, staefcneftas -Excellence in letten or learning: staefcyst -Knowlqe of Latin: htdenlir 06.01.06.02.02.01.01 Philosophy: wisdom .Study of philosophy: ill>witegung .A philosopher: philosoph, ill>wita .To study philosophy: ill>witian° .Philosophical, lea111ed, academical: ill>witlicS, wordsnoterlic0 S ,Sophism: wordsnoterungS ..A sophist: wordwisas -Captious, sophistical: ha:ftlic0 S, hedendlicS -Captiously: hedendliceS -To play with words, equivocate: Bgettan mid wordum, pleg(i)an See 06.01.03.02 Logic 06.01.06.02.03 The action of teaming: leomung .Being taught, teaming, study: Jar .Being a learner, pupillage: discipulhid, leomung .Concerned with learning: lirlic 06.01.06.02.03.01 A pupil, disciple, scholar: cniht, fCsterbeam 0 , fCsterlings, f'OsterbearnS, fflstorcild, f'OstringS, blystend, leorningcild, leorningcniht, leomungmann, sc0lere, sc0lmanns .A female scholar, pupil: h!rin~n°, leomestre .A fellow-studmt: efen5COlere0 See 12.01.01.07 Follower 368

06.01.06.02.03.04 Teaching, insttuction

06.01.06.02.03.02 Dlldplesblp: leomung .A d'·clple: ambiht, discipul. folgere, geongra. hlosnere, htringmann°, lircniht°S, leomere, leomingcniht, leomungmann, m&Cg, l>egn ..A female disciple: discipula0 ..A fellow dbdple: efenleomereoS ..A mentor, mnter, pru: mlgister, wita 06.01.06.02.03.03 To study, appl1 oneMlf to learning: (ge)cneordlzcan .To listen (as a learner): hlystan .To learn, accept teaching: (ge)niman lire .To take into the mind, imbibe: (ge)drincan, swelgan .To acquire knowledge of a subject: leomian, n!dan .To perceive after consideration, learn: gel>encan .To learn tboroqbly, master: )>Urh.leomian° .To pin a knowledge of: onfindan, onwr&>n .To follow(a teacher, instractlon, etc.): (ge)folgian 06.01.06.02.03.03.01 An act of reading: n!ding .A reading ler90n: n!d .Reading of books, study: becn!de0 , becn!ding0 , b6cn!de, b6crzding, b6cweorc0 , leomung, n!ding .To read, peruae: leomian, ofem!dan, n!dan, l>urhredan°' ..To read out, read aloud: Hdan, (ge)n!dan ..To read over (to another): oferr~dan ..To read of, discover by reading: n!dan •To dktate what ls to be written: (ge)dihtan ..To dictate, teach: stafian .A racier: leomend, leomere, n!dend, n!dere, n!distre ..Who reads sometblns aloud: n!dere See 09.03.07.07 Book 06.01.06.02.03.04 TeKhing, instractlon: lir, lirdOm, lirCowdOm, littCowdOm, ontimbemes, ~ing, getihq, )>Codscipe, wise, gewisnes0 , (ge)wissung .Onl teaching: wordlir 0 .Good teachlq: gOd lir .Bad teaching: mislir .Primary teaching: stefplegaoS .Te..hlq contahwd in boolrt: bOctecung°, b6ctalu0 •What Is learned or taught: leomung 369

06.01.06.02.03.04.01 A school .A piece of teaching, a lesson: lir

06.01.06.02.03.04.01 A school: leomungsc01°, sc61, scolu .A school-house: lirhiis0 S, leominghiisS ..A monastic school-house: spnkhiis .A platform for a teacher: yppe .A teaching-seat: heabseld/-setl, lirCowsctl 06.01.06.02.03.04.02 A teacher. beodend, discipul, fCsterfzder, forelzrend, ll!rend, lirCow, lirlJCgn°, migatoga0 1, migister, ~cend .A female teacher: lzrestre .A former teacher: geomigister 0 .A peat teacher: heahlirCows, l>Codlarcow 0 P .OfBce of a teacher: migisterdom .Characteristic of a teacher: lirCowlic See 16.02.03.02.10 Preacher 06.01.06.02.03.04.03 To teach, hwtnact: ilseranop, behwirfan, (ge )lseran, onleran°, (ge)~can. gewissian .To put to school: ruedan to leomunge .To teach, educate, bring up: lf&lan, (ge)fCdan, fo$bringan, (ge)lzran, (ge)teon .To train, instnlct: geridian, gereccan, (ge)tyhtan, (ge)wenian .To educate, form the habits of: ge~wian .To teach wrongly: mislzran°, miucan .To set a bad example: misbysnian° 06.01.06.02.03.04.04 Under instruction, heing taught: lirlic .Receptive (oflmowleclge): nl!meloS .Devoted to studies: to leomunge o}>fest .Educated: getogen .Half-taught: s8mlitred •Well-instructed, well-educated: fullfremed, welgelzred0 S. welgetyd0 .Teachable: lirsum0 , leomi(n)gende ..Easy to teach: !al>lltre ..Unteachable, learning with dilllculty: ungeleredlic 06.01.06.02.03.04.05 Edlftcation, instruction: getimbemes0 , (ge)timbrung, ttymnes, getydnes .A strengthening by words, exhortation: ttymming, trymnes .To iustnJct, edify: intimbr(i)an°, ontimbr(i)an, (ge)timbran 370

06.01.06.04.02 Ignorance, uninstructedness

.To enliahten, Wnmhwte: onbyrbtan, onlibtan •To came to perceive: sepanP .To instnact, teach, imbue: (ge)t)ln •To inculcate: befestan, inbecweJ>an°', inbfccnan°g .To enjoin: ong~°' 06.01.06.03 Experience: andcy)>nes0 , andwfsnesg .Experienced: gefaren, onfunden .To ftnd out by experienc:e: iredian, gccunnian, gemetan 06.01.06.03.0l Inexperienced: ung~g .IDeQiertenc:ed, youna: unfrod0 P .Unskilful, inexperienced: unandwisg 06.01.06.04 Ignorance: nytennes, unandcy)>ignesg, uncyJ>l>(u), unfr0dnes0 , unwisdom, u.nwfsnes .Ignorant (of): nyten°, nytende, nytenlic, uncyJ>ig, unwfs, ungewiss, unwitende, unwittol 0 .Ignorantly: nytende, ungewisses .Uncertainty, Ignorance, unconsdoasness: ungewfsnes, ungewiss .Does not know: nit .To profea Ignorance of: (ge)fremdian 06.01.06.04.01 What Is uncertain/unknown: ungewiss .Not known: ungccniwen, uncu)>, ungewiss ..Not previously known: nfwe ..Unheard of: ungeh)ired0 .Not to be named: ungena:mnendlic0 .(Of thought) concealed, sea et: diegol .Not understood: unciil> .Unaccustomed, unknown: ungewfslic0 See 09.04.02.01 Mystery 06.01.06.04.02 lgnonnc:e, unlnstroctedness: ungelerednes .Uneducated, rude, illltente: ungleaw, un(ge)ltered, ungetowen, un(ge)tyd .Ignorant, unleaaned, umkilled: lzwede, ungerid, ungerZdlic ..Without skill or cunning: zgype0 P •Want of particular knowledge: nytennes .Ignorance (want of instnaction): lirleast .Foolish, Ignorant, without instruction: steorleas .Unskilled/cleftdent (in teaching): ~lleas 371

06.01.06.04.03 Ignorance, folly .Illiterate: unsuefwrsas •Without instnaction, ignorandy:

ungel~rcdlfce

See I 1.04.03 Unskilled 06.01.06.04.03 Ignorance, folly: unsnyttru, ungewitnes0 .Ignorant, stupid: unwittig .Unwise, foolish: unsnottor, unwrs, unwrslic .Unwisely, fooUsbly: unscellrce0 , unsnyttrum, unwfslfce 06.01.07 Tnatb, conformity with absolute standard: s)> •Tnatb, ripts (in particular dmirmtances): ribt, 50)> .A co11ect account/statement: ribtracu, 50)>segen •The plain truth: folcse>J>0 .Putting forward of truth: fores6)>scip0 g .Tnte: fl!le, 50)>, 50)>lic, unllogenog, unl!as, ungelygen, wzr 0 P ..Authentic: ealdorlic, s)> ..Not feigned: s0)>faestlic, s)>lic, unhiwed'. ungehrwod ..Deplorably true: yfel50)>0 .Tnaly: wl!rlice ..Not falsely: unl!aslfce _TnaJy, in accordance with the facts: s)>e -Rlpdy, aright, truly: aefter ribte 06.01.07.01 Ccu 1ect, right, free from et 1or: riht, gewiss .Exactly, predlely: rihte, ribtlfce .Exactly, just: call rihte, efnelefen .Tnaly, genuinely, really: sO)>e, 50)>secgendlice0 .Tnaly, actually, really: mid 50)>um )>ingce, t s)>an )>ingon .A.aaredly, of a truth, indeed: eac 50)>, eac 50)>lfce, faestlrce, fors)>, hilru, Ii, mid gewisse, on eomost(e), s)>lice, s)>nes, t 50)>an, t s)>e. t 50)>um, )>urh s)>, weorcum, gewislice, witod, (ge)witodlrce 06.01.07.01.01 Stridnesl, exactnaa: sm~ancolnes .A letter (oltbe law), detall: suef .Narrowly, exactly, strictly: nearolice, ncarwe .In detail, exactly, accurately: ~endlice, smealrce, smeapanclice .Property: gedefe, gedefelice .Thoroughly, in a searching manner: sm~ancole, smbJ>ancollice, )>earllfce 06.01.07.02 Certainty, truth, wbat really is: 50)>, gewiss

372

06.01.07.04.01 Deception, a leading asttay .Certain information, what ii certain: gewiss .Certain, evident: cOl>lic, gewiss .Certainly, with certain knowledge: gewisse, to gewissan -Certainly, unquestionably, uaeqaivoc•lly: untweogendlice, gewislice 06.01.07.03 Tnath of speech or tboagbt, vendty: s01>fzstnes

.Vel'lldous: &Ol>cwed8, &Ol>cwedens, s01>fzst, s01>sagol, sol>secgende, s01>5pnece0 , unleas, unlygen° .A tne uying, truth: &Ol>cwide, s01>sagu, s01>segen .To speak the tntb, uy truly, ded•re: s0t>secgan .To maintalin as a fact: willan habban •To grant (the tnth of something): geatan .Tndy, honestly: s01>fzstlice, getreowlice .Frukly, honestly: freolice, untriglfce0 P ..Freedom,fr.nkness:freodom -To be stnigbtfonrard/tree from deceit: cll!ne bzc habban 06.01.07.04 Deception: bepkungs, beswicennes, beswicungs, tacenness,

leascrzftO, lytwistweomes .Deceivin&, seduction, fraud: ~swicung, gedwimor, swicung .Fraudulent, deceitful: fl!cne, swzpig«, swice, swicollic ..Duplicitous, deceitful, shifty: (ge)swipor, twifeald .Fraudulent, done with fraud: bregde .False, untnastwortby: gebregden, leas, swice, swicol .Deceitfully, fraudulently: ficenlice ..Most duplldtoasly: in heortan and heortan

06.01.07.04.04.01 Inconstancy' folly, ralsemss: leasfert>nes0 .False, tkkle: leasferht> 06.01.07.04.04.02 Pretence, felpln1, dissimulation: brogdettung, dilmeng0 ,

hiwung, ielding, leaslfcettung° .An appeannce, pretence, show: hiw, sceawung .Fda•wd, bogus: gehiwed .SMm, not aenuine, pseudo-: leas, leaslic .Artlftdal: cra:ftlic •To shape in the mind (falwly), fabricate: hiwian .To rep1aent falwly: hiwian •To give false appearance of 1oodness to: gelicettan .A false tbin1: gedwolt>ing ..A deceitful token: ficenticen°P ..A vene of doubtful attribution: Ieot>wrenc0 ..Counterfeit or supposed land: unland

•..,med,

375

06.01.07.04.04.02.01 Hypocrisy .To pretend, simulate, fdp: ll!ogan, bebregdan°', behiwian°, gebregdan, (ge)hiwian, ieldan, leasettan, lwlicettan°', (ge)licettan, searwian, twihiwian° -Pretence, feignlq: hiwung - Wise of speech, plausible: snotorwyrde -To pretend, make a false claim: licettan .To conceal, dissemble: (ge)hiwian, (ge)licettan, nupan -To gloss over: fordilemengan° .To deceive, delude, leduce: bepzcan .A dlnembler, pretender, imposter: hiwere, oferhylmend0 P See 06.01.02 Imagination 06.01.07.04.04.02.01 Hypocrisy: licettung .A hypocrite: leasere, leogere, licettere ..A thorough hypocrite: rihtlicettere0 .To be a hypocrite (in speech): licettan .Plausible, affectin& simpUdty: bilewit .flattering: twispntce

See 07.05.03 ff Calumny 06.01.07.04.04.03 Deceit, fraud, beacbery: fiicen, swic, swice, swicolnes, ymbcerr .Betrayal, deception, treachery: belitwung, swiccrzft .Falsity (betraying nature): litw 0 .Treacherous, deceitful, insidious: ftih, searwigende .To betray: belatwan, beswican, forliicanP, forwyrcan, lit wan, leogan -To take by treachery: bentdan -To deprive of (by treachery): beritdan, forratdan .A betrayer, traitor: belzwa, beh!wend. Jatwa, latwend, manswica, swicend ..A traitor to one's father: f~rswica ..A breaker of faith: wl!rloga, wedloga See 12.01.01.12.04ff Treachery 06.01.07.05 Error, being astray: dolscipe0 , gedwild, dwolscipe0 .Mist of a aor: gedwolmist, misthelm0 P, unrihtwrigels0 _aoud of error/Ignorance: wolcen .An error, mistake: woh ..A mistake, slip: ztspomings .A delusion, false idea, error: gedwimor .Supentition: aefgzlt>S, ofertzle0 S 376

06.01 .07.06.01 To accept u the result of enquiry, suppose .Foollsb practice: dysigncs .A slip (Into ea aor/misfortune): slide .What is Wl'Olll, iDCOlied, inacmrate: leas

false, Inaccurate: leas ...(Of weight) false: wOh .That errs, wrong: dwoligendc ..Deceived, led astray: gcmieared ..Deluded, blinded: iblend, bedrOg°P ..(Of actions) erroneous, penene: gedwolen .Erroneously, wrongly: (ge)dwollicc ..Wrongly, Inaccurately: leaslrcc ..J'ncoQgnaonsly, inaccurately: unwntstlicc0 .To 10 astray, err, wander: (ge)dwelian, dwelsian°S, (ge)dwolian, healtian, wandrian ..To be mistaken: bcleogan ..To make a mistake, faD, err. slfdan, (ge)syngian ..To mistake, conceive wrongly, err. dwelian, (ge)dwolian, misron, misJ>yncan° ..To make a mistake, say what is lncoa aect: leogan .One who em: (ge)dwola, gcdwolmann .To be untnistwortby, misinform: tcaltrian .To misteacb, mislead, deceive: forlzran ..Learning wrongly, error: forlcomung° .To obscure, darken, becloud, mislead: fordimmianS, ofcrmistian°g, of)>ystrian See 05.12.05.01Astray;12.08.06.01 Wrong; 16.02.01.05 Heresy ..Inc:o11 ect,

06.01.07.06 Mental acceptance, belief: geleafa .Acceptance, act of believing: andfengncs .One who believes: gelrefend .Easy to believe: leafteoht0 .To believe, accept as genuine; gelrefan .To bold a belief/opinion, accept as true: (ge)hcaldan, getrefan, niman .To accept credulously, swallow: fercian See 16.02.01 Faith 06.01.07.06.01 To accept as tbe result of enquiry, suppose: smeagan .Supposition, opinion, thought, Idea: wen ..Supposition, opinion: wcna .To think, suppose, coaslder: myntan, rzdan, (ge)tcohhian, (ge)J>cncan 377

06.01.07.06.02 Unbelief .To think, suppa1e, opine: (ge)l>encan. (ge)wman .A matter of opinion: wena .An (apnrred) opinion: word •To opine, belleve: (ge)wen&n

06.01.07.06.02 Unbelief: ungeleafa. ungelifnes0 ' .Unbelieving: ungeleafsum .Unbelief, Incredulity: ungeleafulnes -Unbelieving, Incredulous: ungeleaf, ungeleafful, ungeleafullic .Doubt, unbelief: tweonung .Doubtingly, In disbelief: twiendlice0 .A questioaias, misciving: frisung .A doubt, scnJple: inca, tweonung .To have questions, question: frisian .Unbelievable, Incredible: ungeleafful, ungeleaffullic, ungeleaftic, ungeliefe(n)dlic ..Incredibly: ungeleafullice See 16.02.01.03 Want ofbelief 06.01.07.06.02.01 Doubt, aacemlnty: (gc)tweo, twCo(g)ung. tweona, tweonung. wenung .A doubtful state of thlnp, lncledslon: tweo .Doubting, doubtful: tweogendc, tweonol .Expressing doubt: tweonigendlic .Doubtful, uncertain: tweogendlic, tweolic ..Doubtfully, uacertalnly: tweoglrce .To doubt, feel doubt: (gc)tweonian .To cause doubt: itweonian°, (gc)tweon, tweonian -Canslng doubt: tweogcndlic .To doubt the possibility of: gcortrfcwan, gcortriiwian .To hesitate, doubt: wiJ>styltan°S .One wbo doubts or hesitates: tweonigcnd See I 1.06.05 Scruple 06.01.07.07 Poaibility: icumcndlicnesl .Possible: lcumendlic, miht, mihtelic, mihtig -Tolerable, poaible: irzfnicndlic' See 05.03.02.01 Chance

06.01.07.07.01 Llkelihood,probablllty,cbanc:e: wen .Llkely,probable:gelic 378

06.01.07.07.03 Certainty .To 1ecm likely: gelfcian .Credible, probable: l&fteoht, gel&ftic, geleafsum, geliefed ..Credibly: gel&ftfce ..To make true or aedible: getreowan .Possibly, perhaps, by chance: wlnunga/-e

..Perhaps: gewlneS, wln is J>zt ..Perhaps, maybe: C8l>e mzg, weald )>lab

..EMUy, possibly,peab.tps: lai>e .Is able, may: mzg ..(Awdllary) may: mot 06.01.07.07.021.mpoalble: unmiht°', unmiht(e)lic, unmihtig .Impossible to do: unlcumen(d)lic .Out of the way, anreuonable: wegleas .By no meam, not at all: ne to wuhte, ne wihte .In any case, at all: i, ileshwon', mid wihte, wihte 06.01.07.07.03 Certainty: sicomes0 .F1rmnas, strength, certainty: trurnnes/trymnes .Certainty, absence of doubt: untweo .Certainty, becoming certain: gewissung .Certain, that gives certainty: gewislic .Cerfaln, mre, not bavlngdoabt: untweodq, untweogeode, untweogeodlic, gewiss, witodlic .Firm, valid, assured: strang .Sare, unfailing, reliable: gewiss .Establlsbed in reputation, sure, ltaDdard: fest .Appointed, ordained, assured, certain: witod .That cannot be l"C'Sisted, inevitable: unifeohtendlic' .Undoubted, not to be doubted, indubitable: untweolic, untweonigende0 S .Without fall, surely, firmly: biitan ficoe, f&ste, mid gewisse, gewislrce .With certainty, without a doubt: gefzstlfce, mid gewisse .With full certainty: sicorlfce0 .Cea1ainly, for certain: to cOJ>an, to gewissan, to gewisse .Certainly, assuredly: Afzstli°, eallunga, gewiss, (ge)witod, witodlrce .Certainly, undoubtedly, Indubitably: untweolfce ..Without feeling doubt, with certainty: uotwlolice ..Without feeling doubt, certainly: unitweogendlice, un(ge)tweogendlice •To satisfy the doubts of: (ge)seman

379

06.01.07.07.03.01 Unknown, uncertain 06.01.07.07.03.01 Unknown, uncertain: uncut>, ungewiss, unwitod

.Unassured, uncert•in: zwene0 .To hang in the balance: to tweon weort>an 06.01.08 Expectation: anbid, (ge)anbidung, bisnungg, onbisnung0 g, tohopa .To expect, think probable, await: ibrdan, (ge)l>Mnian, hyhtan, onbldan,

wenan •To look to someone for something: wenan to .To look to with trust, expect of: t>encan 06.01.08.01 Expectation, waiting: bid .To wait for, await: ibidan, (ge)anbidian, (ge)bldan, (ge)cepan, forbyrdian°g,

onbrdan, get>yldian ••To await eagerly: cepnian° See 05.l 1.08.01.02 Anticipation

06.01.08.02 Hope, expectation: hopa. hyht, wen, wena, wenung .Hope, trust, expectation: tohopung° -Hope, trust: tohopa -Hope, confidence, trust: tohyht .An object of hope, what is hoped for/expected: hyht ..Focus of hope, the hope of: hopa, hyht -Hoped for joy/desire: hyhtwilla0 P -To be hoped for: gehyhtendlic0 , wenendlic0

.Hopefully, expectantly: wenum .To hope, have confidence, trust: hycgan (on/to), (ge)triiwian .To look forward with hope to: agan to hyhte, hyhtan .To be hopeful about: hopian .To look for, hope for: gehogian, (ge)hopian (to), gewenan -To hope (for) something, hope to get: (ge)hyhtan .To aspire: gebliwan 06.01.08.02.01 Encouragement, comfort: elnung, getrymnes .Promising, giving grounds for hope: hyhtful, hyhtlic ..Atl'ording hope, not indicative of death: unfzglic0 See 06.02.06.03.03.01 Encourage 06.01.08.02.02 To disappoint: &t>witan°g 06.01.08.03 Trust, faith, confidence: geleafa, (ge)treow, (ge)triiwa .A feeling of trust or confidence: hopa, hyht

380

06.01 .08.04 Foreseeing

.BaYina faith or trust: geleafful .Inspired with trust: getriiwod "Trusting to: getriwe .Unquestioning: unfricgendc0 P .(Of testimony) true, trustworthy: getreowful .Faithfully, confidently: getreowfullice .Confidently: geleaffullice, priitlice, getreowlice • With confidence, tnutfully, in 1ood faith: geliefedlice .To hope for, trust in: ahopian to • To set hopes on, trust in, rely on: behyhtan°, besettan hiht on "To confide in, trust to, trust: behycgan on, bet>encan, fultriiwian°,

geliefan (to) .To trust, con8cle: befestan, hopian (to), (ge)hyhtan (on/to), ontreowan°P,

(ge)treow(i)an, (ge)triiwian (be/on/to), getryccan°8 .To trust to, expect con8dently, feel sure of: liefan (tO) See 12.07.02.02 Faith 06.01.08.03.01 Belief, trust, faithfulnea: geleaffulnes, getreownes .State/condition of being faithful/true: treowri:den°P .Trust, devotion: etfele0 P .A prop, stay, faith, trust: (ge)treownes, getriiwung .Believing, faithful: belyfed, geliefed, getreowlic .In accordance with faith, faithfully: geleaffullice .To believe, have faith in: belyfan, (ge)liefan (on) .To exercise faith: (ge)liefan .To aclmowledge/dedare one's faith in: geandettan .To make of good faith: getreowsian .Faithfully, loyally: getreowlice .To be trusty, faithful, firm: getreowfestnianog 06.01.08.03.02 Distrust, want of faith or confidence: ortreownes .Dlstrustful, without confidence: ortreowe, ortriewe .Not to trust (In), to mistrust: mistriwan°8, geortriewan 06.01.08.03.02.01 Suspicion: f~cnung°S .To suspect: irisian, ntsw(i)an 06.01.08.04 Foreseeing: foresc!awung .Foreseeing, divination: foresc&wung, witegdOm, witegung ••An oracle: god(ge)sprece .To for..-.e: forhradian 381

06.01.08.04.01 Premonition, prophecy .Foresight, consideradon of tbe future: foret>anc ..Providence, forethought, foresight: fore(ge)dawung .To foresee, foreknow: foresceawian, fo~n. forewitan .To mention beforehand: foresecgan .To take heed beforehancl: forewarenian ..To wam of, forewarn: foremanian°, foresecgan, forewamian .Foreknowledge: foresceawung ..Forelmowinl, having foreknowledge: foreglcaw, forewis, foregewis0 g, forewitig, forewitol0 •With foresight, with foreknowledge: foresccawodlice°' See 05.l 1.07.04 Future; I J.09.02 Warn 06.01.08.04.01 Premonition, prophecy: sagu, gesegen .A prophecy: itrcwide0 P, forebicnung°, forecwide, forewnegung, witegdom, wnegung ..An old prophecy: fymgidd0 P .A presage, sip, omen: andgietticen°P, gebicnung, bydel, forebeacen, foreticn, fortin/ferti~. ticen, ticnung, wnega ..A dire wonder, portent: nij>wundor 0 P ..A sip of coming grief: wcaticenP .Presaging, prophetic: foreglcaw, forewitig, forewittiendlic0 g, witedomlic, wnegiende, witigendlic •To predkt, prophesy: iwitegian, bodian, forecwe)>an, forecyt>an. foresecgan, forewitegian, (ge)wnegian ..To portend, Indicate the future: andb&:nian°«, (ge)ticnian ..To betoken, foreshadow: foreticnian See 06.0/.06.02 Prophet; /6.02.01.12.0J.OJ Prophecy 06.01.08.05 Unapected: unbej>Oht, unforj>Oht°&, ungewened .Unforc:secn: unforsewen°' .Unhoped for, wiexpected: unwened .Unexpectedly: unforsccawodlice, unmynd(l)inga, unwene, ungewenedlic0 , unwenlice, unwenunga0 .Unexpected, sudden, undetennlned: un(ge)~inged ..Unexpectedly, suddenly: unforwandodlice .Not ready, unprepared for attack, lnapectant: ungearo .Unawares, unexpectedly: on ungearwe, on unwaer, on unwaran, unwaer, unwaeres .To come upon unawares, surprise: undersmugan 382

06.01.08.0S.Ol .OJ Wondrous, glorious, marvellous 06.01.08.05.01 Am•P"Mllt, utoalsbmeat, woDder, admiration:

ferstyltnesq, oferstige0 , wlfung, wundor, wundrung .Am•:rement, silence from astonishment: swige, swigung .Am•:rement, sudden silence: fitrswige' .That wonders, marvelling: wifiende, wundrigendlic0 .Astonished: iblycge(n)de, areaht, belisned, ofwundrod .Astonishing, amazing: toJ>uniendeog .To astonish: igaelwan, imasian, brlgan .To wonder, be astonlslwd: iwundrian, wifian .To wonder: wlnan .To wonder at, nprd with surprile: wundrian (aefter/fram) .To become ama:ud at, pt astonished: iblycgan, iforhtian .To be astonished: istyltanl!, ofwundrian •To be overcome with amaRment: forstyltanl! .To be ama:r.ed, be silent from astoalsbment: (ge)styltanl!, (ge)swigan, swigian .Listening spellbound with astonishment: hlosniende, hlysnende ..To listen spellbound: hlosnian .O! ah!: higl!, hwy, II ..Lo! bebold! now!: nu, nu II, (ge)sehJ>e, sihJ>e 06.01.08.05.01.01 Wondrous, slorioas, marvellous: cymeP, egesful,

towundorlicl!, wuldorlic, wuldrig, wundorful, wundorlic .Very wonderful: forwundorlic .Strange, extraordinary, woaderful, unheard of: seldlic, syndrig, ungefutge' .Woaderful, rare, stnmp, mlracaloas: seldcuJ>, seldsfene, wraeclic ..Strange, unknown, unatnny: seldcilJ>, uncOJ>, uncOJ>lic, ungecyndelic ..(Of God) mysterious: rynisc°' .aever, wondrous, curious: searolic, wn!tlic ..Not made with hands: unhandworht° .Wonderfully, marvellously: onnttdum, to wundre, wundorfullice, wundorlice, wundrum .Gloriously, marvellously: wuldorfaestlice0 , wuldorfullrce .Marvellously, mightily, mlracalomly: mihtelice, )>rym)ice .Strangely, wonderfully: seldlice, wra:ctrce .Strangely, wonderfully, terribly: wundrum .Wondrously,curiously: wn!tlrce .lndacribable: ungeltsce0 , unireccendlic, unisecgende0 , unisecgendlic, untellendlic0 383

06.01.08.05.01.01.01 An exercise of power, mighty work, miracle .lucstimable, ab aordinary: ungceahtendlic .Ineffably, in a way that camaot be told: unlsecgeodlice .Extraordinarily, to an unheard-of extent: ungefreglice See 07.02.04If. Excellence

06.01.08.05.01.01.01 An exercise ol power, mlpty work, miracle: nuegen, miht .Miraculous power: wundor, wundorcra:ftP .That does great thlnp: miceld0endg .A peat action, wonderful thing, mighty work: m2rl>(u) ..A glorious/peat work: metednes0 g .A marvel, great wonder: callwundor 0 P, mzgenwundor 0 P, sundorwundor 0 P, J>Coticcn°g, so1>wundorP, wundortaccn ..A fiery sign: tyrenticcn° ..A wonder of the air: lyftwundor 0 P ..A strango'wondrous sign: wundorbeacen°P .A wondrous spectacle, show, sipt: sceawung, wundorseon°P, wundrung .A wonderful object: wundor ..A very wonderful object: searowundor 0 P -One wrought by band: handwundor 0 P See 16.01.01.02.03 Miracle

06.01.08.06 Fear: anda, ege, egesa, egnes0 g, forhtnes, forhto, forhtung, fyrhtnes, (ge)fyrhto, oga, oht, ondesn(es)S, ondrysnu, on1>racung°g, gewand .State ol fearing water, hydrophobia: wzterfyrhtnes0 s .Frlabtened, fearful: icol, icolmOdP, anforhtq, egeful, gefltred, (ge)forht, forhtful0 g, forhtiende, forhtiendlic, forhtlic, forhtmOd, fyrht, sceohm0d0 P, ungehyrt0 , ymbhydig _Exp1essing fear: egeful, (ge)forht .Fearfully: forhtlice .To fear, be afraid: forhtian, (ge)fyrhtian, muman -To bo'become afraid: iforhtian, onforhtian, scunian, gesweorcian -To be atrected/oven:ome by fear: iblician, iblycgan, gelicgan 384

06.01.08.06.03.01 Causing dread, terrifying -To reprd with fear: onscunian 06.01.08.06.01 A sbudderias with fear, nervousness: bifung, cwacung .Nenowncss, une••: m6cWocnes°', gewand. ymbhydignes _Uneasy: onswornod° .To shudder with fear: igrfsan, bifian, broccian, brogdettan, cwacian, ofscacan°• .To melt with fear: tOslnpan 06.01.08.06.02 Great fear, terror, horror: angrisla0 , broga, cwealmprea0 P, ealuscerwen°P, folcegesa0 P, grisla0 , gryre, gryrebroga0 P, heortgryre0 , leodgryre0 P, meoduscerwen°P, ondrl!ding, ongrisla, J>eodegesa0 P, wnebroga, woma .Gready afraid, terri8ed: igzlwed, egesfullic, forfyrht0 , forbtferp''. ofdn!dd, ondrl!dendlic, unforht°P .To fear greatly, be terrified: ldntdan, lglisan, iJ>racian, beforhtian°, besorgian, dntdan, ondntdan, onegan, onsittan, (ge)onpracian, onJ>recan°, pracian• 06.01.08.06.03 Cause of fear, terror, horror: atolP, bregnes0 g, egesa, egesfulnes, egesung, f&rgryreP, gryre, oga .A horrible event, thing, creature: bl0degesa0 P, egewylm0 P, fl!r, fzrspellP, f&rwundor 0 P, gryregiest0 P, gryregeatwe0 P, gryreleopP, gryremiht0 , gryresi)>0 P, woruldege0 ..Battle-terror: herebroga0 P, hildegesa0 P, sperebr0ga0 P, wiggryre0 P ..Death-tetaor: hinsij>gryre0 P, wztgryre0 P ..Fire-terror: ~legesa P, brynebroga0 P, gledegesa0 P, trgegesa0 P -Hell-terror: hellewrtebr0ga0 ••Water-terror: ft0degesa0 P, ~br0ga , wzterbrOgaP, wseteregesaP -Wilderness-terror: westengryre0 P ..Moming·terror: morgencolla0 P ..Night-terror: nihtegesa0 P .Causing fear: egeful, egesful, egeslic, forht, forbtiendlic, forhtlic .To cause fear: lfyrhtan, A1>racian, (ge)drefan, (ge)egesian, gefyrht(i)an 0

0

06.01.08.06.03.01 Causing dread, terrifytoa: atol, atollic, ij>reclicog, bifigende, bifigendlic0 , bregendlicoS, earhwinnende0 , egelic/ahwlic&, egesfullic, egesig°P, frecne, gl!stlic, grislic, gryrefsest, gryrefih0 P, gryrelic, ondegslicog, ondn!dendlic, ondrys(e)nlic, ondrysne, ongrislic, ongryrelic0 , ont>r&ce, onprzclic, rccen, preclic0 • , unhiere .Fearfully, dft8dtully: atollice, egefullice0 , egesfullice, egeslice, grislice 385

06.01.08.06.04 Care, anxiety, solicitude .To terrify: ibregan, geiclian, geicolmOdian«, ifatran, (ge)brCgan, gebryddanq, fltran, gitstan°P, geiergan, oferhlifian 06.01.08.06.04 Care, anxiety, solldtude: behydignes, hogu, hohfulnes, ymbhoga, ymbhydignes, ymbhygd .SOUdtous, careful, anxious: lhogod, behydig, fyrwitfulg, geomful, gemyndig, ymbhydig "Careful, anxious, solidtous, sedulous: ymbhydiglic -Carefully, sedulously: ymbhydiglice .To take care of, be solicitous about: behogian, ymbhogian See 08.01.03.03 Anxiety 06.01.08.06.05 Wariness, carefulness: wzrlicnes0 g •Warinea, caution, prudence: wzmes, wzrscip .A taking heed, caution, watchful care: wamung, waru .Cautious, wary, pnident: wzr, wzrlic ..Attentive to a warning, wary: wzr "Careful to avoid, on guard apinst: wzr .Cautious, reserved: behealden "Cautious in speech: wzrsagol0 , wzrwyrde .Warily, cautiously, drcumspecdy: wzrlrce .To take care: behawian, ware niman .To be careful about, take precautions: recan, warian .To be apprehensive of: asittan 06.01.08.06.06 Timidity: unbieldo, unforhtlwnesq .Timid, fainthearted: bleap, fitge, forhtig°, sceoh, tied.re, unbeald, uncamprofOg, ungedyrstig°, unt>nste .Dispirited: hcortlw See 06.01.05.02.01.01.02 Prudence; 11.10.02.01 Vigilance 06.01.08.06.07 Despair: ortreowl:>', ortriiwung .Despair, desperation: ormOdnes .Despair, hopelessness: orwennes .Despairing, hopeless: ormOd, ortrfewe, orwene, unwene, unwcnlic "Unbelieving, without hope: hyhtlw ..Desperate, despairing: geortriiwod ..Sunk in despair: forl>Oht .Despaired of, despenate: orwene .To lose heart, (of spirits) sink: nil:>erlittan°g .To dapair: forpencan, georwenan 386

06.02.02.01 Will, wish, pleasure "To despair of: gconriewan, geortriiwian, georwenan, ne wenan "To cause (oneself) to despair/to despair: geortriewan, geortriiwian See 08.01.03.01 Despondency 06.02 WW, tbe faculty of wllliDI: willa •To will, u:erdse tbe faculty of willina: willan 06.02.01 Freewill, own will: freodom, selfwill .A freewill offering: wilsumnes .Free, unfon:ed: freo, (ge)freolic, undrifen° .Under one's control: selfgewealdesq .Voluntary: selfwillendeoS .Spontaneous, voluntary, willing: selftic, selfwille, (ge)wilsum, (ge)wilsumlic .Willingly, voluntarily, of one's own accord: selfwilles, sylfes will um, J>ances, willes, willice "Without compulsion, willingly: unniedige, unniedunga .Without reluctance, willingly: freolice .Voluntarily, spontaneously: Agnes J>ances, wilsumlice 06.02.02 WW, disposition: willa .Intent, will, desire, lnclinadon: heorte .Desire, wish, will: gewilnesq ..Evil desire: unriht gewil, unrihtgewilnung0 •WW, one's own way: willa .Willing (to do): willende .Willingly: geomfullrce, lustsumlrce, wilfulliceq, willendlrce, willodlice0 S "Very willingly: forlustlrce0 .Arbitrarily, foUowin& one's will: selfwealdlrce, selfwillendlice .By my will: mines J>ances .At one's pleasure/will: J>ances .To be disposed, have a will: willan .To will, be willing (to do): willan .To will, wish, want, desire: freogan, willan See 05.02.02.01 Inclination 06.02.02.01 WW, wish, pleasure: (ge)wil •WW, accord, cc.-0 eent, pleasure: willa •What pleases, accords pleasure: gemede, gewyrd •Willingoess to give, pleasure In doing: unne .Alacrity, cheerful happiness: glllednes 387

06.02.03 Unwilling, loath .Willing, glad: unnende .Fain, glad: wilf~gn •Well-plNsed: gOdwillendeog .As Is desired: on gewil .Gladly, willingly: estelice, estum, geome, geomlice, leoftice, lustlice, lustum. 1>ancweort>Irce .Happily, willingly: bli\>elice .With pleasure, gladly, willingly: lustb~re. on lust(e) .Willingly, cordially, gladly: luftice .Readily, gladly, willingly: eat>e. fiislice, gearwe, hrat>e .With alacrity, eagerly, willingly: lustum, on lust(e) .Cheerfully, with alacrity: glzdlrce 06.02.03 Unwilling, loath: Iii> .Unwilling, involuntary: ungewealden, unwillende .Involuntary, not under control: unwealden .Against one's will: ungewealdes, unwilsumlice0 .Unwillingly, under compulsion: unt>ances .Unwillingly, reluctantly: un~. ungeome, unwilles, unwillum .Undesignedly, involuntarily: ungewilles .Unintentionally, involuntarily: ungewealdes .Undesignedly, unintentionally: unmyndlinga .To hesitate (to ad): (ge)tweon .To begrudge, wish to deprive of: ofunnan See 08.01.01.02.0l lndifference; 11.06 Listless

06.02.04 Necessity, inevitability: neadung, neadwrsnesg, nied, niedbehefe, niedJ>earf, nydnes .Unavoidable necessity: neadneod0 .One acting under compulsion: nyd~da , nydwyrhta .Necessary: neadwis, nydlic0 g .Imperative: bebeodendlic .Unavoidable, inevitable: unforbugendlic .Necessary, needful: J>earf, J>earftic ..Eqnally useluVneedlul: efenbehefe0 P .Necessarily, inevitably: anunga, for nrede, gemetodlice0 , neadunga, neadwfslice0 , niede, niedes, niedJ>earftice, of niede .To be under necessity (to do): nied habban, sculan -It is necessary/needful: nied is .To be obliged, compelled by destiny: l>urfan 0

388

06.02.05 Will, desire, wish .To be obliged: l>urfan ..II obUpd, sboald, mmt: nueg, IOOt, sceal

See 12.05.(u), beh6f, gidP, nied, niedbe~fedncs0 ,

nied)>earf, nied)>earfnes, )>earf, wilnung .Temporal need: woruldneod ..Tbe world's nerds: woruld)>earf'° .E:abeme need: ofemeod .Urpnt need: feorh)>earfop ~e's need: folcn&l°P .8oal's need: siwoll>earf° .A requisite, what is needed: nied~fnes. nred)>earf, niedl>ing° ..Needs, necessities: nied, )>earf .Nece11•ry: behefe, behef(e)lic, behOftic', ni~fdlic , nfedbehefe, nredbehOf, nredbehOftic, nrcdbq>earf0 , niedful, nred)>earf, niedl>earftic ..Very necessary: ofemeod .Required for p1C9Cnt me: instandendlic°' .As Is needed: to )>earfe .To need (to do): l>urfan ..Needs (to do): sceal .To need, have need. require: igan )>earfe, beh6fian, bel>urfan, nred habban, (ge))>earfan, (ge)l>urfan ..lbs need, requires: beneah .To dem•nd. require: ~dan. forcrafian°' .To seek out, demand, require: is&:an .To desire poaealoa of: (ge)gieman .To be requisite, be wc11•ry: gebyrian, (ge)neodian See 03.03.04.05 Insufficiency; 10.02 Lack 0

06.02.04.01.01 Need, distresa, straits, dHBculty: )>earf .Needing, unprovided, lacking: orfeorme, orhlyte, )>earfa, wanblyte0 g .Stripped or, deprived of: behroren .To llM"k, want for: springan fram. tOsa!lan •To do without: iberan

See I I.I I Difficulty 06.02.05 WW, desire, wish: hungor, lust, l>urst, willa •Wished for, clednd: gewysccd .To like, wish: willan

389

06.02.05.01 Strong liking for, devotion to .To wish (something for someone): unnan See 02.05.05 Desire, appetite 06.02.05.01 Strong liking for, devotion to: lufu .Desire, want, longing: gcomnes, gicmnes, gi"lsung, langung, mynlc0 P , nCod

..Desire, gaeecl: lust - Vain desire: idcl lust _Improper desire: unrihtwillnung ..Earthly desire: woruldgilncs0 , woruldgilsung, woruldwilnung -Coveter of worldly dainp: woruldgitserc0 P .Desirous: willcn° - Very desirous of: oftystcd .Longingly, desirously: langungc .To love, feel desire (for), be fond of: (gc)lufian .To be strongly attached to: lufian .To wish for, desire: iwilnian°, cepan, gicman, recan, (gc)wyscan •To long for, desire: langian, muman zftcr .To covet, desire, crave: (gc)gi"lsian .To want, aspire to: gce)>gian •To wish for, desire to obtain: fician -To set one's heart on, fix on: hcortan to bcscttan .To desire or wish (to do): (gc)wilnian •To desire to do, endeavour to get: fltcan°, gicman on/to .To make eager, inspire wlda longing: i1)isan See 08.01.02.02 Love 06.02.05.02 Greed, imporhanate desire, rapacity: gcmltg)>, reafolnesg

.Devil-like gaeecl, wicked craviQg: deofolgitsung0 g -Wicked craving, guilty I* eecl: scyldfrccu0 P .A putton (for): grelsa .Greecly, voracious: gifrc -Greecly, rapacious, ravenous (of): f&rcnde, gifrc, reafigende, reafolg, risende -Thinting after, gaeecly for: )>urstig -Very greedy to grow: weaxgcom 0 g .Greedily, rapaciously: slriidgcndlicc0 .Greedily, eagerly: giferlicc .To thint, thirst for: (gc))>yrstan .To pant for: or)>ian (to) See 02.05.05.03 lust; 12.08.08.01 Desire

390

06.02.05.04.04 Zeal

06.02.05.03 Saddactloa, repledoa: stillnes .Satiety, repletion: szdnes0 ' .Fall, brimmlna, satisfied: full .Satiated, wearied, ba'rin& bad one'• 811: szd .Insatiable: gilsicnde, gilsicndlic&, unifylledlic, unifyllcndlic,

unase}>cn(d)lic&, ungcfylled, ungcfyllc(n)dlic, unreordedlic0 &, unreordlic0 ' , unszd .Insatiably: unifyllcndlfcc .To satldy, 811: ifyllan, gcs&lan°P .To have enough of, be satlsfted with: gcnihtsumian •To satiate, 811, aurfelt: isadian°, iseclan°', (gc)sadian •To be sated, get wearied/satiated: gcsadian See 08.01.01.03.02 Satisfaction 06.02.05.04 Deaire, eap1w11: (gc)cneordncs, geomfulncs .For spect&de: witfcrgeomncs0 .Keen, eager: gntdig ..Desirous of goin&, eager to go: tepcgeom0 P .Eagerly: nCodc, on nCod ..Very eagerly: fulgeomc .To desire to go (to): (gc)wilnian (tO) .la eager to: is n~ See 02.05.05.02 Eager desire 06.02.05.04.01 Ambition: ricctcr(c) .Ambitious: domgeomP, lofgeom See 11.01.04 Accomplish

•

06.02.05.04.03 Promptitude, readlDeSS: hredncs .Ready: arod ..Alwaysl1enenlly ready: oftnldc ..Ready to go, eager to act: fiis .Prompt, quick, willing: gcaro .Ready-banded: gcarofolm0 P .Of ready mind, prompt: glsedmOd .Readily, willin&ly, eagerly: gcarwc .Actively, promptly: hredlrcc .To make willlng/ready: lystan See 11.02.01 ff Vigour

06.02.05.04.04 Zal: efcst, clnung 391

06.02.05.04.05 Earnestness .Zealous (aplnst somnhlng b8cl): efestig (wi~) .Zealous, earnest: n&xtful .Zealously: bim handum twim 06.02.05.04.0S Earnestness: geomfulnes, meagolnes .Ea1 oestuess, diligence: mcagolmOdnes .Earnestness, zeal, resolution: eomost .ot ea• mt mind, earnest: mcagolm0d0 .Eager, zealous, diligent: gecneord, gcomlic .serious, earmt, plll'pOleful: comoste .Ea1nesdy: cistmelum°' •With a will, in earnest: geome .Eagerly, earnestly: gcomfullice ..Eagerly, anxiously: neodlice ..Earnestly, urgendy, pressingly: geome, geomlice •Willingly, earnestly: (ge)lustfullice .Firmly, earnestly: eomostlice .In earmt, resolutely: eomoste .In earmt, resolutely, seriously: on eomost See 08.01.01.01.04 Depth offeeling 06.02.06 Mind, parpose: gemynd .Purpose, Intention: diht, ingehygdnes0 S. ing~anc. gel>Oht ..A purpose: gesetnes ..A thought, purpose, intention: ge~anc .Intention: itihting, mynna, gemynt ..An (expressed) intention: word ..Desire to act, Intent: hyht .Hope of doing anything, Intent, desire: willa, gewilnung .Intention, resolution: ontihting' .Intention, power of determination: geweald .Intention, effort: smca(g)ung .Minded, disposed, of purpose: gehugod, gemOdod, geworht .Mindful, intent on: gemyndig .Deliberately, on purpose: ntdlice, ~ingum .Voluntarily, intentionally: (ge)wealdes .Directly to an end, simply: gegnunga .To will, purpose, think. mean, intend: wiJlan -To have a mind, be disposed: gemynd(e) habban -To tum one's thoughts (to): (ge)bregan mad, on mOd geniman, (ge)~ncan

392

06.02.06.02 A proposal, proposition, suggestion .To Intend, parpoee: ll>encan, myndgian/mynegian - To Intend, purpoee, meu, deta 11alne: (ge)l>encan .To n:solve: tO n!de niman _To think, n:solve, detea 1nlne: (ge)hogian, (ge)hycgan -To purpose, Intend, resolve (to do): (ge)teohhian .To be Intent on: ontyhtan

See 07 Judge~nt 06.02.06.01 An end, 1Q81: ende .Alm, dpt, mark, objec:tive: sygeq ..A mark to aim at: mircels .An object, purpose, objec:tive: ~ing •With definite aim, with certainty: mid gewisse .In order that, to an encl: on )>i gerld l>et. tO ~y ... ~&t ..Forthatend/purpose:~zrtO

•To •Im at, go after, aspire to: mynian .To seek, strive after: hiwian efter, (ge)~an - To strive to attain: fundian (tO)), fylgan, (ge)s&:an .(Of mind, etc.) to bave as objective: licgan on .With a view to: J>urb •With, towards, to, at, apinst: wi~ See 05.J0.05.04.JI .OJ.OJ Marie 06.02.06.02 A proposal, proposition, suuestioa: cwide .A proposition, purpose, Intention: foresetnes .A considered decision, plan: nM .A plan, purpose, intention: 4ndgiet .A design, intention: gerld .Pmpose, design, device, plan: gel>eaht ..A device, design: ge~t -Invention, device: wi~metednes' .To mean, purpose, plan, intend: IDZnan .To mean, purpose, design: (ge)myntan .To propose, intend: foresettan .To devise a plan: sierwan .To think out/up, devise, design: lcra:ftan, lhycgan, mamrian, g~ncan .To devise, plan, use art ID cloina: sierwan .To plan, contrive: wefan .To arnnge, contrive, plan: (ge)r!nian .To plan, dts,D1e: gestihtan 393

06.02.06.02.01 To devise a plan, arrange, settle .To lay down coadltions for a plan: get>ingian See 12.01.01.12.04.02 Conspiracy

06.02.06.02.01 To devise a plan, 8IT8llp, aettle: (ge)findan .To arrange a matter: geridian, gestihtan ..To arrange for another: gel>ingian .To arrange witblabout: gefadian .To arrange to have done: gemacian .One who orden or arranges: endebyrdend 06.02.06.03 Pt:r"•uion, prompting: scyndnes .Persuasive: lirlic, geswzs ..Penuading to evil: yfellercndeog, yfelonbecwel>ende0 S .Penuasively: sweslice .To persuade: geleran, getecan, l>urhlerans ..To lmpire, penuade: beswipan ..To persuade, lead: forptihtan° .To urge, incite, persuade (to): onbryrdan, scyan, (ge)tyhtan .To cause to feel or act, move, cause, dlspoee: gecierran, (ge)don, gelogian .To incline towards, bend, dispose: ihildan .To persuade, convince: getreowian, getriiwian ..To convince: oferreccan, oferstttlan •To give heed, be penuaded: hlystan .Persuadabllity: rZdfzstnes 06.02.06.03.01 To dissuade (from): ij>reatian •To speak dlnpprovingly, diauade: lean .To wean from, disaccustom: ztwenian, iwenian, (ge)w!man fram 06.02.06.03.02 Instigation: istihtingS, onbring, piitung0 , t0tihting0 .Inward imp1dw, instigation: tyhtnes8 ,Instigation, incitement: ontyhtings, tOsprytting° .Instigation, goading: onbringelle0 .Incentive, instigation: ityhting .Sugestion, instigation: scienes .Instigator: weccend ..Instigator, one who Incites: wrchtend0 8 ..One who incites, instigates, exhons: tyhtend .To instigate, incite: stihtan .To suggest, hint, urge: (ge)nwiian

394

06.02.06.03.04 Allurement

06.02.06.03.02.01 Prompting, fMtlptioa (peJontive): scyfe .(Of the deril) Inciter to nil: yfeltihtend .ladtiag to evil: yfeltihtende 06.02.06.03.03 ladtemeat: onweceog .Iadtement, uousiag, lacentive: onwaccan°S, wacen .Stimulation, incitement: bryrdnes ..An incitement, -Umulus: onbryrding°S ..A pad, stimulus: anga, sticels .An ladter: bl!dend, )~rend .An awaker: iwrcccend .To stir up, arouse, iadte: onwecnan, reran, (ge)styrian, toweccan -To rouse, prompt to: iweccan to -To stimulate, prick: (ge)prician, pyngan -To incite to: onl!lan, spryttan -To kindle desire for, incite: onbacman •To urge on, incite: bryrdanP, gceggianog, ontyhtan -To drive, impel, incite: drifan, tOsciifan -To urge, press, compel, force, impel: (ge)bltdan, befeolan, brecan, inbecwe1>an, (ge)l>rafian -To urge, prompt (to): etfylgan°, fmnman to, (ge)sciifan -To get to take part in: habban to -To impel, prompt, mp: scyhtanP -To drive to: bedrifan to .To provoke, urge to: (ge)gremian -To provoke, ladte: (ge)ciegan, forl>(ge)clipian See 08.01.01.01.03 An incitement

06.02.06.03.03.01 Incitement, prompting, abortatioa: onbryrdnes .A makin1 steadfast, abortation: festnung .Hortatory, eacourapn1: trumlic, trymmendlic .Penuadlag, hortatory: tyhtendlic :To urge, incite, abort: (ge)scyndan .To abort, eacourqe, comfort: (ge)trymman .To abort, impel, warn: myndgian/mynegian See 06.01.08.02.01EncouragetMnt;11.09.02.01 Admonition 06.02.06.03.04 Allurement: forspaning .An allD19Mat, mtlcemeat: wamJustS -?Enticement: scocha8 395

06.02.06.03.04.01 Temptation .A promptina, enticement, seduction: gespan

.Allurement, enticement, seduction: IWspnung°S, ymbspa:nning0 .Allurement, incitement, incentive: tyhteng, tyhting .A luring (to evil/destruction): forspenning .Enticement, deceit: swl!p ..A snare, enticement to evU: grin .An inciter, enticer: tyhtere .An enticer, seducer: l!asuht, spaner~ .That allures, enticing: forspennendlic8 ..Alluring, ptea....nt, tempting: geswatslic .To allure, entice, win over: bespanan, geloccian .To entice, allure, penaade: lspanan, ityhtan, (ge)wcman .To captivate: gebindan •To allure, seduce: belytegian° .To attract, urge, allure: (ge)spanan .To lore, COllll, incite, encourage: tennan°P •To allure, attract, draw: ongespanans, getyhtan, J>urhteon -To attract, draw to: ztwenian, to lteon, togeteong, tyhtan, (ge)wenian -To draw to/from, attract, seduce, allure: (ge)t!on, (ge)wetnan .To lure, decoy, entice: betyllan°, (ge)spannan -To entice out: iloccian ilt -To lure from wrong: (ge)wcman •To deceive, delude, seduce: bepa!can .To entice away, lead astray, seduce from: iipa!can, forteon, fortyllan°P .To lure (to evU, etc.): forspanan .To d.muade, lead astray, persuade against: mistihtan

06.02.06.03.04.01 Temptation: cost(n)ung, fandung, (ge)swenc .Through the fle:sb: ftatsccostnung° .A tempter: cost(n)erc, costigend, cunnere0 1 -Female: spennestre0 g .To tempt: fandian, forcostian° -To tempt, try: forcunniang -To tempt malidously, try: (ge)cunnian -To tempt, Induce to evU: (ge)costian 06.02.07 WW, detea 11dnatiou, "90latiou: willa .Resolution, constancy, firmness: inmOdnes, arodnes .Resolute: fzstlic, m0dswi)>0 P, n!dfzst, statnen -Resolute, stem ofmlud: heardlic, strangmoo, stymmOd°P, swij>mooP 396

06.02.07.01 Sttength, fortitude "Raiolute, determiDed: insU'ec, bwaetr&f0 P, suphydigP .Bold-minded, of stroaa parpoee: swi)>hycgendeP, l>risthycgendeP. t>nsthydigP .Firm, unyidding: stfl>, untjdre0 P ..Steadfast, firm, unyiddlng: stedefaest ..Firm, zealous, resolute: meagol .Raiolute, firm, in8exible: stif, stlpferht>P, sbphycgendeP, strang .Resolutely made, whole-hearted: t>weorhtimber 0 P .Resolute, constant: inntd(-e), heard, sbphygd0 P, sbpmOd ..Firm, constant, stodfast: heardntd0 P .Resolute, certain: Hd .Made steadfast, constant, conftnnecl: gefaest .Resolutely, firmly: strenglice ..Firmly, tenadeusly, resolutely: faeste .Raiolutely, without faltering: inn!dlfce, unwicliceP .To resolve: trumian, gel>reodian° .To 8x on, settle: behleapan on, besettan t6, (ge)trymman, (ge)l>ingian .Is determined, shall, must: sceal .To stand firm: standan, stefnettan°P .To make firm/steadfast: (ge)faestnian, (ge)stal>lian .To coafirm, 8x (on): (ge)faestnian (on/t6) .To 8x, plant (in the heart, de.): iplantian, plantian See J1.03 Endeavour 06.02.07.01 Strength. fortitude: strangnes

.Power to bear, fortitude, firmness: strengl>(u) .Endurance, bearing (pain): forbyrd .Steadfast, brave: anbydigP, inmOd, deormMP, heardhicgendeP, heardmOd, geheort, hygerofP, hygestrang°P, hygel>ihtig°P, mOdhwaetP, swfl>ferht>P ..Strong under aftliction: )>robtheanfP "Unfainting: unliteorigende "Firm, unftincbing: stearc .(Of passion) unquenchable, victorious: sigorfaest .Firmly, steadfastly, strongly: trumlice .Fixedly, without turning aside: unforbiigendlice .Firmly, resisting (force): stranglice .Stoudy, manfully: Ahtlrce, esnlfce, werlrce .To endure, sutler, bear, put ap with: ihebban, il>olian, (ge)beran, (ge)l>oliao, underberan' "To bold out, resist, endure: ipolian 397

06.02.07.02 Constancy -To go throqb, under1.:>: )>urht!on .To streactben onaelf, be brave: elnian .To prevail, be strong: )>urbsWJpanoS .To fortify, strengthen: begyrdan, (ge)hierdan, (ge)strangian, (ge)swij>(i)an, (ge)trymman -To strengthen, make ft90lute: gescierpan

See 08.01.03.07.03 Suffering 06.02.07.02 Comtancy: bield(o) .Constancy of mind: faestrl!dnes .Steadfastness: staj>olfaestnes, stedefaestnes .Steadiness, constancy: stedewist°' .Firmness, constancy: stI)>nes .Constant: faestr&dlic, gerq,re0 -Constant in mind: faestmOd .Constant, 8rm, steadfast: fest. faestgangoJ0 P, faesthydigP, faestr&d .Strong, firm, steadfast: faesthafol, trum

.Faithful, constant: wzrfaestP .Firm, unyielding, constant: sta.J>olfaest .Unfaltering, steady: inn!dlic .Fbmly, with constancy, steadfutly: (ge)festlice, faestnMlice, sta.J>olfaestlice .Coaatandy, penistmdy, steeclf•stly: inmOdlice See 05.11.11 Continuity; 05.13.06 Constancy 06.02.07.03 Peneverantt: inwilnes, )>urhwunenes0 , )>urhwunungnes0 S .Penistenc:e, peneverance: inwunennes°K, onwunung, )>urhwunung -Perseverance, assiduity, constancy: singalnes -Penisteace, pe1tioadty: straecnes ..Pasistent effort, endeavour, pertinacity: inntdnes

.Continuance, peneverance: istandennes0 , wunenes .That dings, cllnging: clibbor0 P .Persistent, peneverlJll: hohful, onclyfiende, streccanm6d0 , l>urhwunigendlic' .Endnring, firm, peneverlng: )>rohtig .Assiduous, unremitdng= singal .Assiduous, constant: arod, gelOmlic .Penistendy, ceaselessly: faestlfce, ungeswicendlice .Peneveringiy, persistently, continuously: )>urhwunigendli~ .Coaatandy, penlstendy, pertbuidonsly: inntdlfce 398

06.02.07.04.01 Obduracy .A&dduously, penistmdy, comtandy: gcneahhe, gencatrce, gewunelfce .To stick to, adhere to, ding to: etfeolan, tOgq,eodan .To deave to, •dhere to, bold on to: etclifianS, etclll>an°S, etfeolan,

(ge)clifian (on), (ge)feolan, hangian, geneahwians, gen~ecan. onclifian, tOclifianS, ge~. ge&>eodlkan°' .To continue, persist, persevere with: beteolan, (ge)restan in, )>urhwunian .To follow up, penneR with: befylgan •To penlst, continue to act: istandan, benolan on, gefeolan See 12.03.04.03 Importunity 06.02.07.04 Obstinacy: heardm0dnes0 , wil>erung°S .Pet tlMcity, stubbornness, self-will: inwilnes .Opposition, obstinacy: t>weornes .A stubborn fellow: wi)>erbreca(-broca) .Stubborn, obstinate: heardmOd, stearcm0d0 , Slip, sllphycgendeP, sllpmoo, unfordyttl ..8elf·willed, obstinate: inwille "Obstinate, stiff(-necked), stubborn: heardheort. sllp ..Stubborn, unyleldJnc, obstinate: fat, stearc .Incorrigible, bani to coned: earfol>ribte0 .Hard to teach/convert: earfol>cierre0 , torcyrre0 .Hard to teach, undlscipUned: earfol>h!re .Stubbornly, obstinately: inwille .Obstinately, pertinaciously, stubbornly: inwillice, mid inwilnesse .Obstinately, lady:

1>w~lrce

See 12.05.05 Resistance 06.02.07.04.01 Obdancy: heardnes .J.n8eldbillty, lmplacabWty: unleot>uwiicnesS .Ripdity (ofmlncl): sncnes .Obdurate: heard "Impervious, impenetrable: ungetcre .lnfteuble: unibygendlic°' "Inflexible, implacable, Intractable: unleot>uwic .Not to be subdued, unyieldJnc: ungewildelic0 "UnyieldJnc, pendstent, ript: sac .lnflnlbly, rigorously: stymlrce .To become bard, not yield: iheardian .To harden, make obclunte: gehierdan 399

06.02.07.04.02 Perversity 06.02.07.04.02 Pei venlty: forcicrrednes .A perverse person: t>rtwere0 S .Perverse: afulic0 S .Bold, beadstrona, stabbom. wUfal: mOdig .Contrary, stubbornly oppo1ed: wiJ>erweard .Pervenely: wi}>em!dlice 06.02.07.05 Irresolution: twrfcaldnes •Wavering, unsettled in mind: unstaPlfacst .Doubtful, undecided, b1c:solute: twifcald, twirede .To be uncertain, waver, vadllate: ftogcttan -To waver, vacillate: wancian°P .To waver, delay, hesitate: windan 06.02.07.05.0l Inconstancy: uninntdnes0 .Inconstancy, hmabWty: unfacstn!dnes, unstact>t>ignes, unstaPlfacstnes, unstydfullness .Unstable, inconstant, inflrm of parpoee: unfacstred .Easily moved, umteady, inconstant: lal>e. unstact>t>ig, unstaPlfacst .Unstable, changeable, fickle: wancol -Umettled, desirous of cbanae: unstaPlfacst .Fitfully, not finnly, vquely: unfacstlice0 .With fickleoas, weakly: lal>elice 06.02.07.05.02 Moral weakness: tiedemes, wAcmoones, gew~cednes .MoraUy weak: wAcmoo .Sugestible, ftexible: lij>ig •Yieldina to temptation, sugestible: hnesce See 12.08.06.01.02 Bad

0

06.02.07.06 Courage, boldness, valour: anmedla, bealdnes0 , (ge)bield(o), ellen, eorlscipeP, hwactscipe, hyge, hygeJ>rymrn°P, mOd, mOdsefaP, mOdt>racuP, snellscipe0 , t>egnscipe .Warlike valour. gilt>cyst0 P, gQt>mOd0 P, wig .Mighty valour: macgenellen°P .Prowess, valour: herewacsm0 P, hildcyst0 P, hildet>rymrn°P, hildet>f'Yt>0 P .Brave, bold, valorous: cif, cene, deor, dohtig, ellenheardP, ellenlic, ellenrof, ferht>frec. fram, gOd, hrOrP, mOdig, mOdiglic, m6drof0 P, rofP, praccfulq, l>Jist(e), wlanc -Of high courqe: mOdiglic, mOdwlancP ••Very brave: bregorofOP, cynebealcihwset°P, gii)>r6fP, hea)>udeorP, heal>urofP, hilded&>fP, hildfrom0 P, nl)>heardP, )>rzcheard0 P, )>rzcri>fOP, wfgheard0 P ..Eager to advance: forj>georn°P .Courageously: beaJde, cenlrce, ellenlrce, m6diglrce, ranclrce, sttanglice, )>egnlice, unheanlfce .To take courqe: gecollenferhtanoS, tafdu ilp ihebban, mOd niman -To bear oneself bravely: bea1dian°P .A hero: beaJdor P, beomwiga0 P, eorl, frecaP, hseleP, hele)>P, heardingP, hildewulfOP, rincP, secgP, )>rymma0 P, unmannq, werP .A brave act: ~. ellen, ell~P, ellenweorcP -(Of deed) brave, rmowoed: deorlic0 P See 08.01.03.09.01 Fierceness 06.02.07.06.01 Embolclenl111t l!IKOUl'llplDent: forj>bylding .To encourqe: geanmedan, (ge)bieldan, (ge)hiertan, medan on, onbyrdanP, gestrengan -To abort, eacourap: foretyhtanoS, trumian 06.02.07.06.02 Boldnc 11: c!n)>u0 P .Bold, eonfklmt: beaJd, collenferh)>P, framlic, heard, heardlic, hwsetmooP, ranc, stearcbeortP, stercedferh)>P, )>ristlic -Keen, bold, active: hwset, snell, snellic -Very bold: ellen)>rist, felamOdigP, searocene0 P ..Bold in fight: garcene0 P, gii)>heard, hildeheard°P, orlegfrom0 P, wig)>rist°P ..Bold in journeying: si}>fromP .Boldly: ciftice, framlice, frecne, heard.lice, on cine ..Boldly, eonfklmdy: beaJdlrce See 07.06.01 ff Arrogance 06.02.07.06.02.01 Fearleaness: egeleasnes0 , forhtleasnes .Fearless: ungeblyged, unearg, unearhlic0 , unforht, unforhtigende0 • unforhtmoo, unforwandodlic .Fearlessly: biltan gewande, egelcaslrce0 , unforhte, unforhtlrce, unforwandigendlice, unforwandodlice 06.02.07.06.02.02 Boldness, darina: net>ing, nOl>" .Rish spirits, bravado: wlenc(u) .Daring, bold: arod, free, gedyrstig, frecne, girl>rist°P, horsc, )>ristiglic .Boldly,darinaly: dyrstiglrce, )>riste, )>rrstlice .Boldly, vfaorously: geheortlrce0 , horsclrce 401

06.02.07.06.02.03 Presumption .Boldly, rubly: l>ristiglicc •To dare, venture: (ge)n!pan

.He dares: deaJT See 11.02.04 ff Heedless

06.02.07.06.02.03 Prea11mptioa: giemeleast. t>rfstl~cnes, get>rfstli"tcung0 .Audacity, pftlWDption, wUfulaea: gedyrstnes0, (ge)dyrsti(g)nes, gemihnes, wanwilla0 .Pl ...•mptuous, rash, bold: dol, (ge)dyrstig, foredyrstig, )>riste, )>ristful0 S .Presumptuously: oferhigendlrcc0 , t>rfste .To dare, pfiA1me: gedyrstigian, (ge)dyrstlkan See 07.06/f Pride 06.02.07.06.02.04 Overcon8dmce: ofertriiwa .Overcoaftdait: ofertrilwod .To truat too mucb: ofertrilwian 06.02.07.07 Cowardice, pusUlanimity: eargscipe, iergl>(u), mindom0 P , m6ingian .To establish, settle: gesiapolian

See 06.02.06 Purpose; 12.07.04 Justice; 14.03.03.09 Sentence fY7.0l Appnlsal, appnlsiftl: lofung .Estimation, estimate: eahtnung°S, eahtung, wen .Flxlng of measure, valuation: medemung ..A•essment, determination of amount: dom, ~t>ung .A valuer, appraiser: eahterel .To deem, Judge, consider as: bemetan, (ge)deman, don, habban (for), l~tan. geliefan (to), munan, gereccan to, riman, geseon, (ge)talian, (ge)tellan •To weigh, appnise, consider: iwegan, iwcnan°8, pinsian •To estimate, judge: eahtanP, (ge)wenan .To dlstlnguish, appraise: ofdeman°s •To value, appnise, estimate: (ge)lofian, (ge)medemian, gewyrt>an •To atimate, fix cbarac:terlquality: eahtian fY7.01.01 Choice, election: {ge)corennes, (ge)corenscipeS, cyst .Option, choice: cost, cyre, dom, wysc0 .Adoption: togecorennes0 S ..One chosen b7 lot: gehlytta .One of two, either: (ge)hwaet>er ..Whichever (of two): 10c hwet>er, swaet>er 403

07.01 .01.0 I Discrimination, faculty of distinguishing .(Fit to be) chosen, elect: gec!osendlic°'. (ge)coren .To choose, select, elect: Aceosan. ilesan. (ge)cCosan, niman ..To choose in preference: forcceosan' ••To choose beforehand: foregec!osan° .To cull, pick the best, select: pluccian, puslian° .To seek out, select: isCcan .To seek for, select, mark oat: sceawian ..To mark out, assign: t6imcarcian .To attribute to, assign: icennan .Either •••or: Ol>er oJ>Pe ...01>1>c. ot>er twcga ol>l>c .. . ol>l>c. ol>l>c ... ol>l>c ..Either ••• or, whether •• •or: swaet>er .. . swi ... swi

'17.01.01.01 Discrimhwtion, faculty of djstinphhin1: tOsccad .Dlscemln1, discernment: gescead, tOdl!lednes, tOdil ..Discrimination, &ood juqement: gesceadwisnes ..Discretion, discrimination: gescead, scele0 .One who divides or separates: toscCadend .Discemin1, intelligent, discriminating: (ge)scadwis .Discreetly, with discrimination: gescadlice •To cUscem, dJstinpish, separate: tOdelan, tosyndrian, totweman .To judge between, dktinguish: tOdeman ..And make dear: sciran .Between (two thlnp): mid ... twih '17.01.01.01.01 Fastidiousness, dalntinea: cymnes0 ' .Fastidiousness, squeamishness: cisnes .Fastidious, di'"* ulna: cis '17.01.01.02 To prefer: betre/furPor don, foreberan •To put at the head, prefer: foresettan .Rather, preferable: leofre .Be.fore, above (markina preference): toforan .Rather, SOODer: ~ror, geornlfcor, sll(or), swi}>or l>onne '17.01.01.03 Confusion: gemengung' .Mhed, In which no distinction ls made: gemenged .IIMIHrermdy: untOdzlendlice .To mis up, fall to dlstingukh: (ge)mengan See 06.01.05.03.01.01 Folly; I J.04.03 Incompetence '17.02 Goodnea: gOd, gOdnes 404

07.02.03.01 Uninjured, unhurt, unharmed .The good part of anything: gOdnes -The better part of anything~ gebetera .Incalculable good: unrimgoo .That is good: freme, gleaw, gOd -Good of its kind: sel - Very good: fulgOd ..Equally good: efengOd .Well: gleawe, wel -Quite well: call tela -Very well: forwel -Well for: wel .Is 1ood: deag

See 12.08.02 lntegrity 07.02.01 Right, virtue: gOd

.Honourable, creditable: rihtwyrl>e .Well, aright, righdy: igendlice, iriht, onriht, on rihte, onrihtlice0 , tela .(Of actiom) valid, sound, good: goo .To be valid, n:wphed: genge bCon/wesan .To stand good, be valJd: standan 07.02.02 Good, what is bene8dal, advantageous, etc.: gOd

.Profttable, advantageous, bene8dal: fremfullic, fremlic, gestreonful .Beoefidal, wholesome, salutary: goo, hilbzre' See 08.01.01.03.08 Prosperity; 11.07.03 Profit 07.02.03 Perfection: fullfremednes, gefyllnes, gOd .5omething perfect of its kind: fulla

.Complete, perfect, whole: full, fullboren, geriped .Perfect, of complete excellence: gefremed, fullfremed, fullfremedlic .Clear, without detect, perfect: cll!ne, leahtorleas, gesundful .Perfectly: forJ>lice, fremedliceoS, fynnest .Truly, well: fele .To make perfect: geendian, (ge)frietwian, fullfremman, (ge)fullian .To bring to completion, make, form: gegearwian See 11.01.06 Completion 07.02.03.01 Uninjured, unhurt, unha1 med: hil, gesund, uniscended8 ,

ungebrocod0 , ungehrepod,ungescended0 8,ungesceJ>J>ed0 .Uninjured, undestroyed, intact: unamyrred0 , ungedered, ungehrinen

405

07.02.04 Excellence .Uncorrupted, undecayed: onwealg, uniscruncen°g, ungebrosnod,

ungebyrded0 .Unhurt, uninjured, uncorrupted: uniwerdedg .UniDJured, inviolate: unwemme(d) .Incorruptible: ungewemmedlic .(Of Christ) incorruption: uniwemmednes .Spotless, without marks or spots: unm~le, unwemme .SO as to be without impurity: fzgere See 02.08.01Sound;03.03.06 Whole

07.02.04 Excellence: zt>elnes, (ge)corenscipe' .Choice, best, the pick of: cyst, f~tnes. weolme0 P, wynn .Of exalted quality, of superior kind: heah, hcalic •.Exalted, raised high: heahl>ungen, tOb~den, geuferod .Best, of great excellence: fyrmest, fyrst. medemest, unforciil> -Old and excellent, very good: ~rgOdP ..More excellent: fur1>ra - Very excellent: forweofl>fullic0 Seel 1.07.04 Importance; 12.08.02.01 Excellence

07.02.04.01 Excellence, virtue, goodness: crzft, cyst .Merit: forgeeamung .(Of character) paatness, excellence: (ge)miclungg .(Of persons) good, worthy, excellent: s!l

07.02.04.02 Nobleness, nobility, dignity: zt>elborennes, (ge)l>ungennes .Noble, distinguished: zt>elboren .High iu worth, dignity, etc.: healic .Excellent, distinguished: zmyrceog, get>ungen .(Of a tribune) noble, commanding: dugul>licg See 12.08.01Magnanimity;12.08.02.03.01 Honourable

07.02.04.03 Nobleness, excellence, nobility, magnifk:eace: zt>elcuodnes0 , zt>elu, (ge)micelnes, mOd, l>rymm, weofl>fulnes, weofl>nes, weort>scipe .Excellent, choice, fair, noble: icoren, zlt2we, znlic, zt>ele, zt>ellic, inlic, gecoren, deore, deorwiert>e, dryhdic, eacen, fzger, freolic, fiislic, healic, micel, rru, til, weofl>fullic, wlitig, wr~st .Noble, excellent, splendid: bedicP, cl~nlic, hre)>eadigP, mzre, mzrlic, micellic, regallic, t>rymfuJP, l>rymlic, l>r)ll>ful, unwiclicP, weofl>ful, weofl>lic .Lofty, noble: iiphcah .

406

07.03.01.01 Abominable, detestable .Princely, acdlent: eaJdorlic .Gloriously gaat, mapiftcmt: wuldormiceJ 0 P .Splendid, brilliant, glorious: hlOtor, l~ht~re. lixende, scir, torbt .Splendidly, excdlendy, gloriously: inlice, borlfce, cynelice, dugupa, gedyhtedum, ealdorlice, faegerlice, hlisfullice, lixende, micellice, seldlice, swegleP, unforcul>lice, weorplrce .Honourably, excellently: weorpfullrce .Splendidly, excdlendy, wftbout manMSS: ungnil>elfce, unheanlice, unwicliceP .Peertesaly: l!nlice "With distinction: mttrlrce "Worthily, beftttlngly: d!orlrce "With happy result: faegere ..As beftts a man: manlfce

See 06.01.08.05.01.01 Wondrous 07.02.04.03.01 Peculiar acdlentt: synderlicnes .Slnplar, especially aoocl: seldlic, synderlic 07.03 Evil: gil, weargnes .Great evil: ~nbcalu0P .Not good, bad: ungOd, yfel "Wone: wiersa "Wont: wierst ••Bad, evil: gil, Ill>, lll>wende, trigP, unfl!le, ungOd, ungesund0 ..Poor, bad: ma!te .Badly: earge, earme "m, badly, wrong: untela ••Badly, poorly, •ml•: IYl>re, mltte ..Badly, imperfectly, improperly: yfellrce, yfle ..SOrely, severely: l>earle

See 12.08.06.02 Wicudness 07.03.01 Abomination: andiistrung°', liP .Vileness, obscenity: fracol>nes .An o«eoce, object of dislike: andspurnes

•Wearisomeness: 11>rotennes°'

See 08.01.03.09.04 Hatred 07.03.01.01 Abominable, dekstable: iwyrgendlic .Awful, abominable, horrible: ondrysne, sli)>elic

407

07.03.01.02 With hatred or enmity .Not dear, bated, odious: unteof .Very hateful: l>urhtij>0 S .Foul, horrible, obscene: scandlic, wamm .Disa1rerable, oft'easive, repupant: fiillic, swicot, swicollic, wil>erntde .Irksome: ij>rotsum0 S

07.03.01.02 With hatred or enmity: tape Jn detestation: tape .Horribly, hatefully: tlj>tice, teahtorlice 07.03.01.03 To loathe, bate, abhor: ilij>ian, imansianoS, (ge)feogan, forlatl>an°, (ge)hati(g)an, titl>an, Iapettan, onhyscan, onscunian, scunian, tredan°S, geuntustian°, wlitian .To take a dislike to: geniman zfest t6 .To oft'end, cause dislike: (ge)l'tswician .To oft'ead, displeue: (ge)andspurnans .To irk, dJsplease, annoy: ij>reotan .To provoke, oft'ead: grillan .To embitter, exasperate: lbit(e)rian .To be/become hateful: ilij>ian .To be hateful, to excite hate: tij>ian •To make hateful/detestable: belatl>an°, l&pettan .To cause to be hateful, cause to sbaa: latl>an 07.03.02 m, barm, hurt: heann, yfel .Hurt, mischief, desbuction: bealu .Hurt, mischief, bVury, damage: zfwyrdetsa0 , demm, sc:e-al>l>ignes0 , teosu, unl>earf .Action of harming: derung .SOUia! of barm, bane: w6t ..Injurer of one in holy orders: hidbreca .A wicked word: minword0 P .Evil, hannM, wicked: min, yfet ..Evil, malicious: heann, yfetcundS ..Harmful, dreadful, dire: unhiere ..(Of crime, sin, etc.) horrible, grievous: grimm ..htjurious, causing hurt/harm, noxious: deriendlic, tyl>re, sceaJ>ful 0 , sceal>ig, gescel>l>endlic0 S, teonful, wundtic0 1, yfelwyrcende ..Baleful, pernicious, malicious: bealu, bealublonden°P, ungifre0 P ..Poisonous, malign, pernicious: geattred, etrig, deal>berende, w6lberende 408

07.03.0S Infamy, shame, wickedness -(Of UJnea, cold, etc.) banb, severe: unli)>e .To bqure, hurt, harm: (ge)brys(i)an, (ge)derian, (ge)sceaf>ian, teoswian°

-To do harm: wrohtianq •To spot, mar, spoil: (ge)wemman See 02.08.04 Hurt; 08.01.03.07.02.01 lnjury; 08.01.03.09.03 Malevolence

07.03.03 Mediocrity, lnsipUlcance: medemlicnesl .Imperfection: ungefremmungoS, unfulfremcdnes, unfulfremmung°g .MJdclling, moderate, common: mcdeme -Imperfect, defective: (ge)teorigendlic, unfulfremed 07.03.03.01 Empty, meless, worthless: orfeonne .Good for nothing, worthless: forciif>, forciif>lic, nahtlic, unweort> .Despised, despicable, worthless: forhogod, forwcnedg , unweort> .(Of tbinp) unprofitable, evil: unge5Clig See 11.08/f Useless 07.03.03.02 To degrade, debase: una:f>elian .To depreciate, make out to be Inferior: gelytlian .To set at naught: for niuht don 07.03.04 A waetcb, poor creature: canning, hinderling, wyrm, wynnlic .Mean, vile, wretched: lytel, yfel(l)ic ..Evil, wretched, unblat: wan~ligP -Poor, miserable, wretcbed, grievous: dimm, earmsceapen, unli!d(e) ..Bad, sordid, vile: lyf>re, wic, wyrslic ..(Of clothing) mean: lyf>erlic ••(Of wealth) wretched, vile: wearglic ..(or life, etc.) limited, poor: nearu .Meanly, wretcbedly: coi>lice0 P, yfellice ••Vilely, wlckediy: Aworpenlice, lyf>erlice, wearglice See 08.01.03.06 Adversity 07.03.05 Infamy, shame, wickedness: fracot> .A dlsgaacetul/lnfamous deed: irleast, bismer .Infamous, shameful: forciif>, fracoJ>, frzte, fiil, lyf>re, manlic, scandful, scandlic, ungef>ungen .Infamously, wickedly: forciif>e ..Sbamelully, disgracetally: huxlrce, to scande 409

07.03.05.01 lgnobility ..Shamelealy:

~nrce

See 07.09 Disgrace

'11.03.05.0t lgnobWty: uneJ>elnes0 Jpoble, base (in character): uneJ>ele ..Ignoble, disgraceful, infamous: unweorl>lic ..(or thlnp) Ignoble, mean. of nil repute: uneJ>ele, unhlrse0 s, wi~re .Ignobly, basely: uneJ>elice0 '11.04 Consideration. esteem: geehtle0 P, eaht .Approved. boaoured. held in (blgb) esteem: gecoren, weort>, weor~ful ..(or actions/activities) valid. sound: gM .Showing honour to, honourably: weort>trce ..Gloriously, honourably: loftice ..Attracting esteem, nobly: weorl>fullice .To appreciate: eahtan ..To regard with favour, approve of: hid onfOn, 10cian on, lufian, (ge)sc!awian ..To bold in esteem. honour, acprd: habban on, healdan, letan ..To honour, show aespect to: (ge)irian, geirwier)>anog ..To regard. respect (a person): iM~ian ..To esteem, think worthy of: (ge)medemian, onmunan ..To make worthy, give worth to: geweort>ian ..To prize. honour, cherish: geclyppan ..To value, esteem, reverence: (ge)weort>ian ..To call bfessed, count fortunate: !adigan .To be valid/recognbed: genge beon/wesan '11.04.01 (orpenons) worth/value. worthiness: weort> .Honour, came of esteem: weorpscipe .A good/excellent thing: weort>scipe ..A precious thing: eorcnanstin, hord, sealt ..Good points. excellence: dugu~ .Famous. excellent. of good repute: hlisful ..Honoured. well thought of, clear: weort> ..Valuable, precious, costly: deorwierJ>e, deorwier~lic -Worthy of boarding: hordwyrJ>e0 P -Irreplaceable, invaluable: unandergilde0 .or any account or value: ihtes '11.04.02 Merit. desert(s): (ge)earnung, gewyrht(u) 410

07 .04.04 Praise, acclamation, applause .Worthy of, clelel'Ylns of: weort> ..FJttfn1, dm +eel: wyrl>ig ..Undeserved: ungceamed°' -(Of punishment) undeau +eel: unsynnig .Daervedly, acconHna to one's deeds: mid/be gcwyrbtum .To daerve, merit: (gc)camian (tO), (gc)wyrcan, gcwyrbt(o) igan

See 12.07.01 Due 07.04.03 Revenace, nspe..'l: l!wiscnes, ir, irung, irwcorj>nes, ondrysnu,

onhnigcncs0

.Honour, respect (shown to otben): IllZ)> .Respect, regard: sceawung .Feelin1 of respect: wandung .A looking apin, nspect: edsihJ>°', cftlOcung°g Showing honour or 1apect: irful ..(Of speech) respeclful: forwandigcnde0 ..Submissive: aloten ..Bending, bowing low: hnip(i)ende -With the face bent down: hnifo(crumi,g -(Of knees) bent: betymed .Rapected, honoured, honourable: lrcrzftig°P, irwesa "8onourable, reverend, venerable: irful, irwcorj>, irweorj>lic, ondrysne .Honourably, showing respect: gerisenlrce ..Reverendy, honourably: arweorj>lrce, hyg~J>um0P, ondrysenlrce .To honour, reverence: (ge)irwurj>ian, forwandian, (ge)frzpgiang ..To honour, VMtiate (a place, day): begin/begangan ..To bend, bow lo reverence: gebregan, (ge)hnrgan, gehnigian, onbOgan,

onhnrgan ..To bow, bend the bead: hnigian, hnipan ..To bow to, do reverence: ibOgan, iliitan ..To bow, fall before, make obeisance: liitan ..To pl"U8trate oae.,ar, fall lo revere&c:e: ifeallan, ij>enian, betyman,

(ge)feallan ..To bumble (onaell) lo wonbip: geeaJ>mM(i)an

See 12.05.06.04.02 Submit 07.04.04 Pralle, acclamation, applause: herenes, hcreword, herung, lof,

wordlofOP .One who praita: hergere' .Exprasina pnile, praisina: hergendlic 411

07.04.04.01 Approbation, applause

..Praisina (especially in convenadon): mzl>elhergcnde P 0

.Well! good!: tela .To speak of with praise: (gc)bicrhtan, (gc)bletsian, eahtian, giclpan, (ge)hcrian ..To celebrate: widhcrgan°, gcwidmi:rsian ..To extol: ihcbban, illnitran°, (gc)miclian, iip ihcbban ..To elevate, exalt: ol>hcbban .Unpraised, not celebrated: unhcrcd0 , unhcrigendlic0 , unlofod0 See 16.02.04/f Worship 07.04.04.01 Approbation, applause: hlisa .Applause: fa:gnung .To applaud, show appreciation: fa:gnian 07.04.04.01.01 Clapping (the hands), applause: plega .To clap, applaud: flocan, hafetian, plcg(i)an 07.04.04.02 Laudable, praiseworthy: 8.fandigendlic0 S, 8.fandodlicS. (ge)hcrigendlic, leoMl, lfcwyrJ>e, loflic, lofsum0 P, unt~lwierl>e .Excellent, estimable, meritorious: acorcnlic0 • 8.fandod, leoflic, gc!>ungen .Praiseworthy, honest, creditable: gerisenlic .Commendable, right: goo .Praiseworthy, acceptable: 1>ancweor1> .Praiseworthlly, laudably: hcrigendlicc, licwyrl>lice0 , untci:lwier!>lice ..SO as to be approved: 8.fandodliceS ..Io high esteem, as of great value: deorwier!>lice ..Creditably: gerisenlice •.Acceptably, sincerely: deorliceq 07.0S Disrespect, ineverence: unirwyr!>ness .To disapprove of, condemn: fordeman, (ge)~lan .To disregard, resist: wil>hogian .To reject, renounce: iweorpan •To show active contempt: hierwan .To leaen, impair the credit of: geminsian .To shun: forbiigan .To spurn: iwcrian, iwicrg(c)an .To make light of, undiervalue: gclihtan .To disregard, neglect: forgicman, forhealdan

See I J.06.01 Neglect 412

07.05.03 Calumny, backbiting

(YT.05.01 Censure, reproof, rebuke: l!swic, l!swicnes8, l!swicung, ceas, ceast. gecid, cidung, edwit, giem(e)ncs, hleol>rung, lzccung°g. leahtrung, nl!ting°, ofercidung°g, repsung, sacu, gcstil, steorspntcog, t&ling, t&lncs, }>Cowing, l>rafung, l>rCa. l>r!agung, l>uapung°. l>reatung .A harsh reproof: niedl>rafung0 .A 001 aection, reproof: rihting. l>real .A verbal reproof, rebuke: rihtandswaru .One who reproves: eftforfundenog, t&lend, l>rtagend .Prone to blame, cemorious: t&lende .To chide, reprove, ftbuke: ilrisian, ijriatian, becwel>an, begripan, brocian, (ge)cidan, eftedwitan°g, forcwet>an. forcyt>an, gieman, hrepian/hreppan, geleahtrian, lean, gemidleahtrian°g, nlttan, nierwan, gereccan, repsan, gerihtan, (ge)scendan, gestandan, (ge)stieran, (ge)}>Cowan, l>rafian, (ge)!>reagan(-wian), l>U&i>ian, !>reat(n)ian, wil>costianog ..To reprove sharply: ofercidan ..To reprove much: forlean ..To reprove, castigate: wil>cCsan See 12.05.07 Rejection (YT.05.02 Contempt: forhogodncs, forhogung, forsewen, forsewenncs, hierwncs .Contempt, contumely, insult: oll .A despiser, coutemner: forhogiend, oferhogiend •.A female cootemner: forsewcstre' .Pejorative: forhogodlic0 .Exdting contempt, despised: forsewenlic ..Contemptible, despicable: forhogiendlic', forhygdelic0 g, forsewen , forsewenlic, hierwendlicg, gehyspendlic0 g, ll!st, ofersewenlicq .With contempt: forciil>lice, forsewenlice .To despise, scom: zwan°g, fort>encan, (ge)hierwan, oferhogian, oferhycgan ..To disdain, bold in contempt: forhogian, forseon ..To feel repugnance at, despise: getregian -To deip, condescend to: geCal>mOdian ..To despise, disre1ped, have no use for: forhogian (YT.05.03 Calumny, backbitina: onscyte, gcslit .A slanderer, backbiter: t&lend .Slaaderous, backbiting: ruccbitol, b~cslitol , t&lende .To speak evil, backbite: slitan, teran, tfunzldan See 06.01.07.04.04.02.01 Hypocrisy 0

413

07.05.03.01 Falseness in speech, detraction 07.05.03.01 F••w:uen in speech, ddnlcdon: twisp(r)itc, twispri:cnes .A whisperer, cletnctor: rilnere .Tbat wbispen: runiende ..(Of envy) that detracts: twisp(r)ec:e8 .To murmur against, whisper: becidan°, (ge)cidan (ymb), gehyrstang, lycettan, runian, twisprecan' 07.05.03.02 Calumny, dander, ID"'lt: fracol>, heann, heanncwide, bearmcwidolnes°', hearmspri:c0', hOI, hOltihte', U'eling, U'elnes, teona/teone, teoncwideP, teonword, unword0, wroht, wrOhtJic0, yfelsacung .A sbmclerer, caJamniator: heanncwe)>Cnd, hyspend, teonere°', tYnende .Calumnious, slanderous: hearmcwidol, scandwyrde0, teonful, wrohtspite1°g •To speak W of, calumniate: lcursian°', gremian, hearmcwcodelian, hearmcwel>an', hearmcwiddian, helan°', bierwan, teoncwidian'. teonian, wil>sprecan ..To speak very W of, calumniate: unbierwan° 07.05.03.03 Scorn, insalt, abuse: bismer, bismemes, hosp, byspnes0g, onl>reagung°, orwyrpu, scending', scendle', tel, weam, yfel .Worldly reproach: woruldbismer 0 .Grievous reproach: beannedwrt°P .Opening of moatb in abuse: ginung' .Abase, taunting, etc.: edwit, byspung, onbrop .SCOrn, words of contempt: edwitspri:cP, hospword .Harsh speech: heardcwide0P .Insulting speechllllllgWlge: hospcwide0P, hospspri:c0, hux word ..An insult: bismerword0, fracol>word0 ..Insult, taunting: 0I'Ct)80, tirgung' .Hurtful speech: tomcwideP, tomword0P ..Hurtful or deceitful speech: teosuspri:c0P ..A cutting word: sirsta:f0 P ..An htjurious word: teosuword .A deftant word: wealword .A cllider, an abuser: cidere0, oferspreca0g .A scoffer: edwitspreca0P .One who reproaches: ongeansprecend' .Abusive terms: deofol, docga0', bund, uipere0' See 08.01.03.09.01.03 Sharpness 414

07.0S.04 Mockery, derision, scorn

07.05.03.03.01 Contamelloas,scornfal: hyspful°' .Evll-spealdna: wamcwideP, yfelcwct>elgiende', yfelwyrde .Abusive: ofersprecol, t&>nfullic°, yfelspntce0 , yfelspn!cende0 S .'fftlldting: hospJiCO .l....dtlngly: scandlrce .S.ylng too much: oferspnlce .Bold or speech~ bealdwyrde0 .Proudly tbreatmlng: (ge)b&>tlic

07.05.03.03.02 To reproach, l'ffile, abme: ihyspan°s, edwit(i)an, ehtan, firenian, hospan, gehyspan, misntcan, onleccan°S, (ge)~lan, tynan, Op(ge)brMan .To taunt: ztwitan, oJ>witan .To addna abusively: tornwyrdan° .To call names: forcweJ>an .To offer scom to: bysmere healdan .To speak ill or, abme: IzJ>an, onhyscan .To speak ill or, denounce: forsp(r)ecan •To Insult: gehomian°8 .To revile in return: ong!an werian .To retort, answer back: nebbian° •To va, provoke: (ge)tirgan .To say too much: ofersprecan 07.05.04 Mockery, derision, scom: (ge)bismerung, hux .Jeering, mockery: gliw .SCOrn, derision: (ge)cancS, crincq, hlacerung, (ge)hlcg, hocor, t&ling .Derisive laughter: hleahtor, t&lhleabtor .A scoa nc:r, mocker: bysmeriend, hyscend, t&lend, t&Iere0 S .A jester, mocker: gliwingman°', onhiscend .SCOmful, derisive: hleahterful 0 , hocorwyrde0 .That reviles/mocks: hyscende .Mockingly: forhogodlice .To mock, deride, revlle: (ge)bismerian, (ge)hyscan, gehyspan .To deride, mock, laugh at: lhliehhanP, behlyhhanP, cancet(t)anS, hlacerian°8, (ge )hliehhan, inhlihhanS, onse&ganoa, se&gan°, (ge )~Ian .To deride, lauah to scom: hleahtrian, hliebhan to bismere/on bismer, smerian°' .To rldkule, mock: hospettan°' See 08.01.01.03.07.04 Mockery 415

07.06 Pride fY1.06 Pride: bzlcP, blltd, gil, heahmoc:tnes0 , hyge, oferhige0 P, oferhogodnes0 , oferhygdig, oferm&le, orgello, orgelnes', unmoones0 , wlenc(o) .Proud state: ofermoc:tgung° -Pit (of pride): pytt .Worldly pride: woruldprydo .Proud: inmOd _Proud, haughty: heahmoc:tP, m0dful0 , m0dwlanc0 P, oferhygd ..Proud, haughty, hip-hearted: heahheort0 P ..Proud, elated, exultant: deaUP, hygewlancP, wlanc .To be proud: oferhygdianl, priitian ••To feel proud/elated: heafod hebban ..To ll'O"' proud or gaeat: wlancian fY1 .06.01 Pride, anopnce: anm&lla, moc:t, mOdignes, oferhygd, oferhygdnes, ofermitto/ofermetto, ofermedla. ofermoo, ofermoo(ig)nes, priitscipel, priitungl, p..Yt(e), weorpetung°, wlenc(o) .A proud penon: oferhoga .Exceuive pride: oferpriit .Extravagance, pride: 1Pundennes, creasnes, gltlsa, to1>undenes, upahafennes/upahefednes .Anogance, praumption: fortriiwodnes, fortriiwung .Arrogance, ambition: riceter(e) .Arrogance, perversity: wiJ>erweardnes .Shamelessness, cootnmacy, perversity: gemlhnes .Egotism: selftrce ..self-exaltation: creasnes .Boldness, praumption: dearfscipe, gedyrstll:cung°. l>ristnes .Insolence, effrontery: forwenednes, hygel>ry1>0 P, nebwlitung"f!, scearpnes See 06.02.07.06.02/f Boldness

'11.06.01.01 Proud, arrogant: forwlenct, healic, mOdig, oferhygdig, ofermOdig, priid, swi)>moc:tP, wlanc .Overburdened with pride: priltswongor 0 .Puffed up, swelling with pride: gebinned, oferpriit, priitlic, topunden ..Swollen-necked: belcedsweora0 P .Anogant, praumptuous: gefortriiwod, oferhygdlic, ofermede, ofermoo, ofennoolic .Proud, obstinate: fn!te .Proud, contemptuous(?): healsfzst0 P 416

07 .06.03 Boastfulness, arrogance .Sumielea, Impudent: geandwlitodl, hbfodbald0 «, gemlhlic, nebwlitfull, scaml!as, unscamfest · ..Sumeless, wanton, lmporto1111te: gemlh ..Forward, bold, wanton: hwalll .Bold, pnsomptuoaa, lmpadeat: beald, br&sen, dearf, dearflic, gedyrstig, gedyrstlic ,ln">lent, arropat: forwened', ranc, t>weorh 07.06.01.02 Proudly, arropntly: gielplfcc, heah, oferhygdiglicc, oferhygdlfcc, orgellfcc, priillicc, tot>undenlicc, iipAhafenlicc, OpAhefedlicc0 «, wlanclicc .Arroaantly, presumptuoudy: ofermOdiglicc, ofennOdlicc .Sumelessly: scamleaslrcc .Boldly, presumptuously: (ge)dyrstiglrcc.1>nsllrcc .Boldly, Impudently, lmolently: bealdlicc, gemlhlrcc, 1>wwrlicc 07.06.01.03 To be proudlam>pnt: ofermOd(ig)ian, t>unian .To rtae, nrell up (In pride): istigan, IJ>indan, inbliwan, onbliwan, tot>indan •To raise oneself up: Ahlenan°P, onhebban .To be overconftdent: forlrilwian .To be bold/presume (to do): il>Jistian, (ge)n!l>an, gepristian, (ge)l>rfslltecan ..He dares, presumes (to do): dearr .To pvw baugbty/insolent: iwlancian«, mOdig(i)an .To become insolent: iwoffian, oferwenian, wlancian .To m•ke proud, 8ll with pride: forwlencan .To puff up, nalt: ihebban, iip ihebban 07.06.02 Arropnce, valnalory, vanity: gielp, gielpgeomes, idelgielp, lwgielp, unrihtgilp0 , wuldor .self-love, vanity: selfticc .Vainglorious: gielplic, wuldorful ..Egotistic, puffed up: selftrcc ..Strutting, pompom: l>riltigende .To be vain: goffian° 07.06.03 Boastfulnea, arropnce: bOgung, gealpellung0 , gielpnes0 1 .A bout, boasting: gebeot .Act of boasting: gebeotung, beotwordP, gielp, gielping0 .A bout, vaunt: gielp, gielpword .Boutlul speech: gielpcwideP, gielpspn!c0 P .Arropnt speech: orgelword0 417

07.06.04 Pride, ostentation .A bouttal awet don: boaP .Boastful: gielpen, gielpgeom, lofgeom, micelsprecende0 g -Exultant, vaundng: hremigP .Boasted of, tnunpeted forth: forgolpen° .Boutingly, arrogandy: bWtlice .To boast: boan°P -To exult In, glory in: igylpan°P, begylpanq, gielpan, mOdig(i)an

07.06.04 Pride, ostentadon: gielp, renc .Aa a-ogaot, ostentatious: andeaw 07.06.04.01 Osteatadoa, showiness: oferftownes, getot .Showy, osteatadous: gielplic, ranc .Arrogant in gold: goldwlancP .Showily: ranclice 07.06.04.02 ExtnvapDtt; oferrencu0 , oferwlencu0 P .Extnvapnt,ovencloauect: oferglenged°, oferranc0 .Unsuitable, extnvapnt: hygeleas 07.06.05 Pomp, splendour, magnifkence: gleng, orgel, prass, prytu(-o) .Worldly pomp: woruldglenge, woruldwlenco .Golden pomp: goldwlencu0 .State, magniftcence: weorpnes, weorJ>scipe .Proud array: prass .Festal character: healhilgun~. symbelnes .Dignity, nobleness: weorpmynd, weorJ>scipe .Splendid, sumptuous: glenglic0 g, mOdiglic, riclic - Very opulent: oferwlenced° ..Made splendid: iiwlencedog -Proud, gay, exultant: dcaJJP ..solemn, very stately: felawlanc0 P .Sumptuously, splendidly: behyJ>eliceog, deorwiert>IIce, riclice -In a stately manner: priltlice .To move proudly: mOdig(i)an 07.07 Humility: eapmettu 418

07.07.03 Flattery .Readiness to obey/aene: hrersumnes .Humility, lowliness: C&l>mCdu .Humble: ibogen, C&l>mede, C&l>merlic ..Humble, lowly, humble-minded: C&l>mmmCdlrce0 , C&l>mCdum ..Meanly, abjectly: eannlice .To be humble: ihnigan ..To humble oneself: culpian°, (ge~med(i)an, gee&l>mettan ..To make humble, humble oneself: ..To creep, crawl abjectly: creopan

(ge~mooian

07.07.01 Simplidty, milclnas: bilewitnes .Simple, meek: bilewit .Plain, simple, artless: infeald .Simply, with simplldty: bilewitlice ..Gendy: get>wzrlrce 07.07.02 Humlllty, meekness: C&l>mmnes, lcastyhtung°g, riining,

swaesnes .Flattering speech: olyhtwon1° ..Blandishments, fair speech: swzsende .A flatterer: herigend, lyffetere, oleccere, olectend ..A false flatterer: lcasolzccere0 , leasoleccend° .A parasite, sycophant: glrwere&, glrwman .Cajoling, Battering: lcastyhtendel, lyffettende ..sort, honey-tongued, soothing: li}>e, li}>elic 419

07.08 Reputation, fame .F1atteringly, suavely, softly: li)>elice .To flatter: fician°, liJ>ercianl, lyffctt(i)an ..To wheedle, cajole, flatter: (gc)swl!slecan ..To pay court to: weorpian -To fawn upon, pay court to: Oleccan ..To curry favour with: licettan ..To speak to please: willwyrdan° 07.08 Reputation, fame: dom, hlisa, nama, totalu0 S •What is told, report: hlisa, narna, word

.Praise: lof .Celebrated, well-known: (gc )cul>, folcciil>, folcmlirc0 P, fullciil> ••Very celebrated: freanu!rc ..Worthy of celebration: bremcndlicl ..Commendable: gemyndig ..Undisgraced: ungeorwyrd°' .To be celebrated: (ge)widml!rsian .To make known: forl>gebrcngan ..To make celebrated: gecyl>an ..To extend the fame of, exalt, magnify: l>cnnan Stt 06.01.04.02 Remembered 07.08.01 Nobility (of character, rank, etc.): hCanes, weorpnes .A man of mark: esne ..A gaeat man: woruldfruma0 ..F1ower of a people: dugul> .Excellent, distinguished, high-ranking: heah, heahealdq , heah(ge)l>ungen,

welweorl>c0 ..Eminent, pre-eminent: fore~rlic , fream.iceJ 0 S ..Of g1eat excellence: wel(ge)l>ungen ..Old and distinguished: ealdgel>ungen° ..Desirous ot honour, excellent: weorpgeom ••Eager for glory: lrhwztP, dOmgeomP, gielpgeom, lofgeom See 12.01.01.06.05 ff Nobility

0

07.08.02 Honour, glory: iir, domweorpungP .Honour, dignity, worth: arweorpnes, medemnes, gcl>yncl>o, weorpscipe .Worldly honour: woruldiir, woruldgel>incl>. woruldweorpscipe .Strength/dignity of country: ll>cll>rynun°P .An honour shown: iir, gcris(e)nc, weorpmynd, weor1>nes, weorl>scipe

420

07.08.06 Exaltation .HtJd In bonoar, worthy, honourable: irlic, mcdemlic, unscendc, weort>. weorj>ful ..Equally worthy: efenmedome0 ..Very worthy: efenweorj> .Bonoarably, worthily: irlice, lrweorj>e, gemedemlice ..With honour, showing respect: weorj>fullice .To honour, celebrate, dlplfy: geae~lian, gebreman, domes belecgan, (ge)~ran. (ge)~J>rianlgemll>rian. (ge)weorj>ian, gewlitigian •To tbe bonoar of: fore

07.08.03 Honoar, Yeaaatlon: ~nes. weorj>ung .zeatoas honouring: n&>dweorj>ung°P .To bonoar, treat with respect: weort>ian ..To honour, adYance In dipity: fur1>or gemedemian ..To iDcrwe tbe diplty of, mhance: gegOdian See 16.02.04 Wonhip

07.08.04 An onwnmt, bonoar, glory: gleng .Honouriq of• home: hlmweort>ung°P ..HonouriJll with bea+n-e: hordweort>ung°P .A launl: laur .A crown, garland: beag, bring .A aeat of honour: foreseld. beahset1 •To adorn, dignify: beweort>ianoS ..To adorn, mhance: (ge)glengan, IDZrsian ..To bestow with honour: gemel>(cg)ian ..To crown: gebeagian, gecor6nian°, gehclmian, (ge)wuldorbeagian ...As Yictor: gcsigef&stan 07.08.0S Glorifyina, maldna peat, slorihtion: IDZrsung, l>rymdom0 , weort>mynd, wlitignes, wuldrung .To glorify: gebierhtan, gedyrsian°P, (ge)wuldorfullian ..To glorify, exalt: (ge)deoranP, (ge)mzrsian ..To make great, increase worth of: miclian ..To make wonderful, dipify,mapify: (ge)wundrian ..To make slorious, bestow glory upon: weort>ian, (ge)wuldrian 07.08.06 Exaltation: iipihafenncs/iipihefcdnes .Exalted: ilpihafen .In an nalted poeitioa, blah: beah, on hiehJ>u(m) ..Blaha': ufor 421

07.08.07 Glory, splendour, magnificence .To raise, elevate: ihebban, (ge)hebban, onlhebban°, onhebban, stepan, geuferian, iip lhebban, geweorpian, geyferianS ..To move forwards, cause to advance: forpgefremman°P, geuferian 07.08.07 Glory, splendour, mapHk::aio.:e: anmedla, dugul>. l>rymm. weort>ung, wlenc(o), wuldor .Worldly glory: woruldgielp, woruldl>rymm0 , woruldwuldor 0 .Splendid, bright, glorious: beorht, ti&beorht, hlutor, ICoht, m&rlic, scfnende, torhtmOdP, wlanc, gewlenced, wuldorful, wuldorspCdig0 P ..Very glorious, splendid: cynel>rymlic0 , forpml!re0 P .Splendidly, gloriously: beorhte, beorhtlfce, dOmlfce, wuldorlfce .To shine: iiscfnan, (ge)bierhtan, glitenian ..To come forth brilliantly: Alyman, ilp Alyman 07.08.08 Noblenas, honour, glory: indryhtoP, nutmes, (ge)nutrsung .Renowned, famous, esteemed, glorious: blatdigende0 P, breme, cynerof P, dOm~gP, dOmlic, herigendlic, herlicP, indryhten, (ge)riim .Nobly: borlfce ..Gloriously, famously: breme .To be distinguished, become peat: nutrian ..To become ricbleoricbed: geweligian ..To receive glory, be glorified: wuldrian 07.08.09 Renown, fame, glory: foreml!mes, hlfsa, hlfseadignes0 , hrel>. ml!rsung, ml!rl>(-u), tirP, torhtnes, weorpmynd .Worldly fame: woruldhlisa0 .An illustrious being: oferma:cga0 P ..A glorious friend/follower: tirwine0 P .Noted, famed, illustrious: dOmfiestP, foreml!re, gefntge, hlisbi:reS, hlfsladig, hlisful, hlisig°S, hrC}>eadigP, mitre, namciil>, tireadigP, tirfiestP, l>rymfiestP, widmi:re, wuldorfzst .Equally famous: efenmi:re0 P 07.08.10 Fame of courage, valour: ellenm&rpuP .Fame of victory: sigehret>0 P .Martial glory: zsctfr 0 P, &ill>hrC1>0 P, herelofS •Valiant, famed for deeds: di:drOf P ..Famed in battle: heal>umi:re0 P See 06.02.07.06 Courage 07.08.11 Fame after death: listwonJP, gemynd

422

07.09.02 Disgrace, shaming, humiliation 07.09 Shame, dlapace• epsen&, epsenes°', l!wisc(e), l!wiscnes, bismer,

edwn, edwi"lscipe0 P, hienp(o), orwyrl>(u), scamu, ungewiss, woruldscamu .Penoa incurriq: earming, edwn .A source/cause of disgrace: edwn, edwnstaefP, leahtrung, scand, ~I. wanun ..A stain, aspersion: iwyrdungd.ian, iryderian' ..To cover with shame: oruMtan mid sceameq , purhgeotan on gescyndnesse 07.09.02 Disp'ace, shaming, bumDiatioa: efwyrl>(u)0 , genil>erung,

scamung, unweort>ung .Humbled, shamed, brought low: ge&swicod, Man, gepylmed°' ..Traduced, shamed: (ge)orwyrl>ed ..(Of pride) broken: forod .lpominiously: tieanlrce .Dispacetully, sbamefully: scamlfce .To humiliate, degrade: tO bismere gerenian ..To bumble, abase: ge&swician, (ge)bfegan, gebl>m&l(i)an, forbfgan, bienan, (ge)bnl!gan, gemedemian, (ge)nipenan, nil>enorfian°1, (ge)wanian ..To ciep'ade: gebienan 423

07.09.03 lnfamy, ignominy, shame "To dlsboaour, traduce: georwyr)>an 07.09.03 Infamy, ipominy, shame: bismer, bismerung, nytennes, orretscipei, orwur)>, scand. unhlfsa/unliss .Dishonour: unir ..Dishonour, disgrace, shame: scandlicnes, unweort>nes, unweorpscipe, unweor~ung, unwlite' ..A life of dishonour: edwt"llif0 P ..Notoriety: nutrhlisaq .Infamous, ipominious, shameful: forcii~lic, forslegenlic0 , fraco~lic, gefrl!ge, hospuJI, buxlic, orgellic, orwyr)>lic0 , unblisbi:re0 1, unhlisCadig0 1, unhlfsful, unblfsig°I deeds, feelings, etc.: domJeasP, bean, beanlic ..Dishonourable, inglorious: irleas, domlwP, br!t>lw0 P, tirleas0 P. unirlic, unirwur~lic0 , unnutre0 , unmi:rlic0 ..Notorious: ml!re, widnutre .lpominlomly, beleJy, disgracefully: earglice, forcii~lrce, huxlice, scandlicc, teonlicc, unweorl>lice "Unworthily: unweort>e .To dishonour, disgrace: forweorpan, geunirian, unirwur~ian, (ge)unwur~ian "To dishonour, degrade, insult: (ge)hrenan "To bring/put to shame: geliwian "To become dishonoured: unweort>ian "To become dishonoured. to stink: ifiilian

"°'

07.10 Beauty, fairness: faeger, (ge)faegemes, hrw, hrwnes0 , wlite, wlitignes .Earthly beauty: woruldfaegernes .What is beautiful: faeger .Wondrous beauty: gli:m .Lovely, beautiful, fair: geblCod, cymeP, cymlicP, faeger, hrwbeorhtP, hiwlic, hleortorbt°P, sciene, wlitebeorhtP, wliteful0 , wlitescfne, wlitig ..Shining, splendid, radiant, beautiful: aelfscieneP, geatolicP, sunsciene0 P, torht, torhtlicP, ~urhbeorht, ~urbscinendlic01, wrl!tlic singular excellence, beautiful: inlic ..Divinely fair, of heavenly beauty: heofonwlitig "Very fair/beautiful: forfaeger 0 , freawlitig0 "Of enduring beauty: wlitigfaest .Beautifully: faegere "Beautifully, splendidly, fairly: torhte, torhtliccP, wlitige, wlitiglice

"°'

424

07.10.02.01 Deformed, ugly .To become fair or beautiful: fegrian ..To pow beautiful, be beautiful: wlitigian ..To be splendid, shine: scinan ..(Of vlna) to take oa alory: gimmian ..To make beautitul, beautify: (ge)cyrtenl~. (ge)wlitigian 07.10.01 Elegance, beauty,comelinell: cyrtenes• .(Of dress) elegance: creasnes .Beautiful, stately, fair: fril>0 P ..Comely, fair, handsome: cyrten, hiwfest•. l!oftic, J>eslic, wenlic ...Comely of form: hiwfeger 0 ..Goodly, well·appearins, plnsl1111, fair: gOdlic, leoht. gemede ..Fair, fine, beautiful, elepnt: smicer ..Delicate, elepnt, splenclld: wn!st, wn!stlic ..Fine. elepnt: creas0 ..Exquisite, choice: smaalic ,Handsomely, fairly, In comely fashion: wenlice, wlitelice ..Elepntly: gecorenlicel, wn!ste ..Beautifully, elepntly: wnttlice ..Fairly, excellendy, elepntly: el>ellfce ..Elepntly, fitly, fairly, well: cyrtenlrce ..Elepndy,tastefully,falrly:srnicere .To belmake elepnt: wn!stan 07.10.02 Ugliness: unfegemes .Not beautiful, uaty: unwlitig, wliteleas • ..Dark, ugly, unfair: fiil, unfeger ..Mean-looking, ualy: forlegenlicq ..Untrimmed, W·kept, ugly: esc&re .To become ugly: unwlitegian 07.10.02.01 Deformed, ualy: atollic .Deformed, repulsive: atol, Awlete .Disfigurement: unwlitignes0 .Disftguring: unwlitegungOI •To disftaure: rnisbegan°• ..To disftaure, make ugly, deprive of beauty: fomiman, un(ge)wlitegian ..To disfigure, m•ke hideous: geatolhiwian°•, (ge)atolian ..To make loathsome, disftpre: Awletan See 02.08.04.02 Blemish

425

07.10.03 An adornment, decoration, ornament 07.10.03 An adornment, decontioa, ornament: fra:twe, (ge)fra:twung,

glengnes0 , (ge)hyrst, wlite, woruldfnetwung° .A beautiful thing, ornament: faegemes ..An ornament: cynen, fra:tenes, frztwednes, (ge)fra:twung, gleng, geglenged, geren(e), wnttt .Act of adorning: fra:twednes, weort>mynd .To ornament, adorn: ifaegrian°, lm&an, lreccan, gefadian, (ge)faegrian, (ge)fra:twian, (ge)glengan, gehyrstan, onhrCodan°P, (ge)r!nian, (ge)smicerian8, getewian°, geweort>ian, gewlitigian ..To set around: ymb(ge)fra:twian, ymbgerenian ..Adorned, ornamented: gediht, gefra:twod, glengeq, geglenged, glengful, gehlaest, gehongen, gehroden, (ge)hyrsted, ticgende&, getiicodq, geweorpod, gewlenced, geworht See 04.04.10 Trappings: 17.02.05.01 Ornament 07.10.03.01 Unomammted, uudo1oul: unbegln, ungefnctwod0 8,

ungeglengedog, unrenod .Unadc;1 ned, unpolished: unfra:tewodog .Unonwnented, plain: lnfeald, medumlic, ungerenod0 .(Of dotbes) plain, worn, mean: unomlic0

See 09.03.04.03 Plmn

426

08.01 .01.01 Ardour, fervour, strong feeling

8.Emodon 08Feelinp:

See 02.05 Sensation, perception 08.01 Heart, spirit, mood, disposition: mOd .Disposition: tosetcdncs' .Heart/bosom as seat of emotions: beann, bOsm. breost, breostcofa. breosthordP, breostsefaP, feorhloca0 P, grCada, heorte, bre)>erP, bret>ercofa0 P, bre)>erlocaP, hygesccaftP, inno~, ingc~anc, moo, rilncofa0 P ..Heartstrinp: hygcbend0 P •To attach oneself to, bave feeHnp for: gcf!gan .To touch, affect (mind, heart, etc.): ifOn, (gc)hrepian/hreppan, ~hrrnan, (ge)slean, gctesan -(Of voices) to peadrate, sink in: ~urhfaran -To adze, grip: irisian, undergripan° -To strike inwards, touch: fundian (tO), (gc)hrrnan, gc)>ryccan .To cause the breast to swell: tObliwan .To 811, imbue, inspire: ~urbgeotan -To inspire, give wings to: gcfi)>erian .To make alive, quicken: (gc)liffs:stan .To animate, inspire: onbryrdan See 06 Soul 08.01.01 A feeHn1, wbat is felt: styrung, gcwitt .Ei:perleace, trial: ifandung .Shaken: ihrered .To aperleace, feel, nndell"IO: ifandian, ifindan, cunnan, (gc)fandian, (ge)habban, hcaldan, (gc)libban, onfindan, ongietan, (gc)seon, (ge)wcgan, (gc)witan .To quake, shiver, bemble: lbifian ·. (Flguntlve) to abate, move: lwccgan 08.01.01.01 Ardour, fervour, stroq feellDI: t!ling, bls:se, bn!I>. breostwylm, bryne, cllcnwoones, fyrwit, fyrwitnes, hattu, hygcws:lm0 P, incundnes, oferbeortnes0 , oobryrdnes, ontcndnes, i>s:celc, ~rowung, wea11°1, wielm .Fever of adtanent: hl:tc., onworpennes0 .A flame: lfg 427

08.01.01 .01.01 Exaltation, elation .Ardent, fiery, passionate: brandhitP, fYren, tyrcnful, tyrhil°P, hit, hitheort, inbryrd, onbryrd, (ge)l>ancful, weallende -(Of feeling) severe, intense, vehement: hit, healic, swll>lic -1bat titillates, kindling: tincligende8 .Fervently, vehemently, passionately: bite, hilheortlfce, hitJfce .To bum, have ardent feeliq: ibeoman, a!~mian, iweallan, (ge)byman, (ge)hitian, (ge)weallan .(Of heart) to become hot: ihitian •To pour out, lavish: igeotan See 05.08.01 Vigour 08.01.01.01.01 Eultation, elation: heannes .FJated: ofgeom' •To elevate oneself: Antman 08.01.01.01.02 Alienation of mind, ecstasy, rapture: elhygd, f&ring', gistlice fiphefnes, (ge)leorednes, oferstigennes' 08.01.01.01.03 An incitement, cause of strong feeling: onbryrdnes .A sting, goad, prick: anga .Exdtatlon, arousal, stirring up: itendend, itending°S. itendnes, iwecenes0 , iwehtnes0 , onw~nes .One who aroHses, a stirrer up: iri:rend, istyrigend .To exdte, inspire, cause emotion: ihrisian, ihwettan, istyrian, iweccan, iwreccan, gefYsan, (ge)gremian, (ge)hwettan, indrencan, ona!Ian, onbryrdan mid/to, onhreran, onstyrian, ntran, np Hran, (ge)weccan .To qitate: (ge)styrian .To exdte, inflame: itendan, gelu!tan, (ge)hierstan, on2lan, onbzman, onbeoman, onha!tan, onlfg(i)an'. ontendan .To make (passton/emotlon) violent: onwyllan°P See 06.02.06.03.03 Incite 0

08.01.01.01.04 Depth of feeling, zeal: anda, andung0 1 , ellen, ellenwOd, hilheortnes, weallung .Flnt fervour: frumwylm .Earmt, hearty: innancund, meagol, mOdig .Heartfelt, dose to one's heart, sincere: incund, innemest, inneweard, inweard, inweardlic, strang .aose to one's heart: i~e .Earnestly, hear1Uy, eagerly: deope, deoplice, geome, inweardlice, meagollice, stundum

428

08.01.01 .03 Good feeling, joy, happiness .From tbe heart, wldl peat sincerity: befiglice, incuodlice0 , inlice, inwerdre heortan, mid inwerdre hcortan

See 06.02.05.04.05 F.amestness 08.01.01.92 L.:•tng In ree11,., fcsnwitive: iideadod .TnhoJNJn: unmennisclic0 .Callously: ungefredelfce0 .To become inured: ibeardian .(Of beart) to dry up: ldrilgian 08.01.01.02.01 Want of lnteftat or coacera, indiffermce: giemeleast .Cool, lukewarm, unentbusblstic: icOlod, wlaco .Lukewarmly: wleclice, c61 .(Flprative) at a distance: feorr .To cool, grow lukewarm: icOlian, iwlacian .To cool, make cool: Acelan •To alienate, make indifferent to: fremdian •To tame, subdue: itemian, (ge)temian .To calm (exdted people): gestillan

See 06.02.03 Unwilling: I J.06.0/.0/ Negligence 08.01.01.03 Good feeli. .,JO)', happiness: bliss, bb")>nes, dr!am, eadwelaP, CstnesO, fzgennes, (ge)tea, gefCannesO gefeohtsumnes0 , (ge)glednes, glzdscipe, gliwstzfOP, hyhtwynn°P, liss. r!otu0 P, ges&lignes, t

wynsummung°S .Great happiness: h!afd)P •Worldly bliss: woruldblisop, worulddreamP, woruldhybt°P .Enjoyment of life: gumdreamop, lifwynnP .Heavenly joy: lyftwynn°P, swegldreamP .EverlastiagJoy: sindreamP .Joy of youth: geogo1>myr1>0 P .Domestic Joy: et>eldream0 P .Joy among one's own people: 1Codwynn°P •Vain Joy: idelblissog .A joyous action: gefea .Joyful, happy: blissig'I, blissigendlic0 , blft>e, blft>emOd, bb")>heort, dreamhzbbendeop, drCamhealdende0 P, hygebliJ>eP, li}>e, m0dgled0 P, ges&lig, sorgleas, wynfzst°P, wynsum ..Very &lad: fullbtit>e0 ..Too li&ht·hearted: oferbli}>e

429

08.01 .01.03.01 Freedom from ttouble, comfort. security .BappDy,Joyfully: (ge)blll>e, blll>elrce, Cadiglic:e, gefealrce, lustfullrce. on dlum, gedlige, gedliglrce, unmumlfceP 08.01.01.03.01 Freedom from trouble, comfort, security: carleasnes0 g, carleasts, giemeleast, gehydnes, Ielmes. orsorgnes, sibb .A quiet time: gerec(u) .Untroubled, without care: carleas, feger, giemeleas, hliitor, hogeleas0 , leoht, orsorg, riimheort, teonleas, unmurnop, unsorb0 .Easily, comfortably: leohte, (ge)riime •Without amiety/trouble: hlutre, orsorglrce .To be at ease, remain ulMli•rbed: (ge)restan See 13 Peace 08.01.01.03.02 Pleasure, satisfaction: (ge)cwemednes, 1>anc .Contented, content: bl>hylde, gehealdeq, gehealden (on), getricce, (ge)l>zf, J>ancful, geJ>w~re -Easily pleased: eaJ>georn°' .Pleasurably: (ge)lustfullrce •To propitiate, atisfy: (ge)cweman See 06.02.05.03 Repletion 08.01.01.03.03 Happiness, blessedness: (ge)dll> .Gift of blessedn'9S: Cadgiefu .Blessed, happy: eadP, Cadhr!l>igP, Cadig, Cadiglic, gedlig ..Equally bleued: efeneadig°P .Blusedly: eadiglfce .To bless, enrich: geblissian, Cadigian 08.01.01.03.04 Gladness, cheerfulness: gled, rotnesS .Glad, joyful: Mo, gled, gledmOd, hyhtful, rot, unseofiende0 , wiltt"]>e8 .Pleued, cheeftd: gegladod .Cbeerfully, joyously: amberlice0 • glade, gledlice, rotlice0 • wynsumlrce .To cheer, inspirit: imestan 08.01.01.03.05 Pleamn, delight: bleofestnesS. leaf, liss, lust, (ge)lustfullung, (ge)lustfulnes, myrgen°P. nCod, will a, wynn .8ource of joy: wynstat>lop .Pleasure (penonifted): gelustfullung .Joy (used of persons): wynn .Excessive pleasut"e: oferdlJ>0 P •Worldly pleasure: woruldlufu, woruldlust 430

08.01.01.03.07.01 Laughter

.Plearantni;in oftbe air: lyftwynnop .SCPNldon of pleasure, e.Qoyment: bryce, lustbemes .With delight: lustbzrlrce .To take pleasure in, dellpt in: dreogan, (ge)lufian, (ge)lustfullian, gelustian°', unnan, wel (ge)lfcian "To esQo)' tborouply: forwynsumian° 08.01.01.03.06 Emltation,joy: (ge)blissung, (ge)faegnung, f!owung, h&lhbliss, hyht. hyhting°', Qpihafennes, Qpibefcdnes, Ophefnesi, wuldrung', wynsumnes .Exultant: heahJnMP "Emlting,joyons: blissigendlic0 , (ge)faegen, (ge)f!onde, hyhtende, hyhtlic, mooblissiendeop "Rejoicing witb one another: efenbli]>e0 "Rejoicing in bean: ferhl>gef!ondeP "Revelling in release from conftn.emmt: rQmgiJ 0 P "Rejoicing In victory: sigehrCmigP ~mltant, satisfted: wilhremig0 i, wilhrCl>ig°P "(Of thoughts/looks) apn syina glad1M11: glaed "Glad to pre.serve one'• life: feorhfaegen° .Joyously: miltsum .To rejoice, be glad: (ge)blissian, (ge)blQ>ianS, bli)>sian, (ge)faegnian, (ge)tcon, (ge)gladian, (ge)hyhtan, (ge)lustfullian, mancian, (ge)wuldrian inion, (ge)wynsumian "To make glad, rejoice: (ge)wynsumian "To rejoice es&Wdlngly: frCadremani, freal>ancian°' "To rejoice together: efenblissian, efengef!on, emblissian°', midblissian°' 08.01.01.03.07 Joyous 80UDd, mh1b: dmun. gamen, gladung, wynm&lll', wynd.r&lnnes°S .Joyous 90UDd of music: gl~ P .(Of 10ng, etc.) joyous: gedryme .80S11nnab!: gel\el •To rejoice, make a joyous sound: (ge)drYman, hliehhan .To jnmp about for joy, rejoice: faegnian, hoppettan See 18.02 Anuuement 0

08.01.01.03.07.01 Laupter: hleahtor .A bunt/peal of a.nghter: hleahtor .BolsteroUI laapter: cancettung°', cincende0 • cincung 431

08.01.01.03.07.02 Jesting, pleasantry .Immoderate laqbter: ungemethleahtor 0 .A laugbter-m•ker: hleahtorsmil>0 P .Laughing, smiling: hliehhende .Inclined to laqb: hlagol .Causing laqbter: hleaht~re -Comic, amusing: bismerlic, gamenlic, plegli~ ..Ridiculous, exciting mlatb: hleahterlic .To laqb: hliehhan -To laugh repeatedly: ceahhetan -To exult, laqb: lhliehhanP .To smile, smirk: smearcian ..He smiles (upon): ongratal>og. ongrynt°g .Ha ha!: ha ~he, tzg tzgg 0

08.01.01.03.07.02 Jesting, pleasantry: ceahhetung, gamen, gamenung, gliw .Jesting, mocking: glfwlic°g .Playful, jocular: plegol .To joke, jest (about): glfwian .To jest, pun: gamenian 08.01.01.03.07.03 Butroonery,acunility: gegaf0 , (ge)gafsprrec .A bufrooa,jester: gliwere! .Given to butroonery,scurrilous: gegafs~ce See 18.02.05 Buffoonery 08.01.01.03.07.04 Scoftin1, mockery: cancettende, gaffetung, geaa>", gliwung!, hux .Jeering raillery: geslitgliwog .A mocker: onhyscendq .To mock, make sport of: ihyscang, onhyscan, pleg(i)an See 07.05.04 Scorn 08.01.01.03.08 Happiness, well-being, prvsperity: dugul>, cad, eadig~. forl>sp0wnes0 , gOd, gOdnes, grOwnes, ht!l(u), orsorgnes, &ti, geSttlignes, (ge)5Zll>. (ge)sundfulnes, gesynto, wela .Peac:eful prosperity: fril>ospCd0 P, fril>ol>Cawas0 P .A prosperous time: httlotid0 .A day of prosperity: blttddegP .A day of joy: wilda:g0 P, wyndegP .DwelUna of bappinat: boldwelaP, g1Iwsto1°P .Condition of plenty: bledwela0 P, genyhtsumnes, wlenc(o) 432

08.01 .01.03.08.03 A favour, blessing .Wortclly prosperity: woruld(ge)dli>a ..Jn.:n•• of plOSperity: rjmet, weaxung ..m-aotten pro1perfty: w6hgestreon .Man of worldly power/wealth: wonddrfca .ID easy dmnnstanos, lumrious: gedeorflwoS. esteadig'I, hnescc, sefteadigq. seftlic0 • gestreonful ..Blc11ed with the world's pods: woruldgedlig°P ..Very pro1perous: anwlC>h0 P .Pnieperously: geome, gesp&ligtice0 • , spC>wendlfceP, gesundfullice, gesundlice, tela, wel .To pl'Cllper: famian°', forspMianq, gC>dian, on~n. gespedsumian•, gestandan mid miclum welum, (ge)sundfullian, ge~n. ge~iogan, wel on hand gin ..To pt on, 8omisb: (ge)fyrt>rian, (ge)weaxan ..To be prwnoted, lldftntt to: gelJ&>n tC> See 07.02.02 Good; 11.07.03 &nefit 08.01.01.03.08.01 Abundance of frieMI: freondsped .Rieb In friends: !Rondsp&lig 08.01.01.03.08.02 Good fortune, succ:as: gelimp, sige, woruldsped .Pl'Olperity, success: bl~. gebltedf&stnes0 .Sacuss, prosperous illae: spM .AdftDCelllellt, PIO&* c11, succ:as: fort>scipe, framscipe .Sua:css In sp ecdl: wordsige0 P .Sacua In work: weorcsige0 P .Fonunate, pn.perom, tlourisblna: beotig~. (ge)bltedfestP, eadig, &Mliglic, forpgenge, gedlig, gedliglic, sp&lig, spC>wende, gesuodful, ge)>ogen, welgewende0 , gewilsi:lig& ..More than fortunate: oferdlig See 11.03.02.01 Success 08.01.01.03.08.03 A fa•our, bl""na: hen, bletsung .Happy, fa•ourable: blisful, eadiglic, gC>d, gedliglic, s!l, smylte, gesund, gesundlic/gesyndlic, gesundiglic/gesyodelic .Conducive to well-being: hilweode .Happily, satisfactorily: gedliglice .To be favourablo'lldTIU1tqeous to: geweaxan .To further, cause to prmpel': gehradian, gesyndgian°, gesyntlkaJtl 433

08.01.01.03.09 Pleasantness, agn;cableness 08.01.01.03.09 Pl"'taDlw•, 91Peeeblenea: fegemes, gelustfullung, sw!tnes, wellicung', wynsumnes .A delight, that which gives pleesn'!'e: myrgp, wynn .A pleasant/desirable thing: leof, wil(I), willa .(Of things) charm, elluremmt: 6lcccung .Pleasurableness, sweetness: swet .llMlulgenc:e, semuel pteesure: Olebtung .Good pleasure: licwyrpnes0 S, welgecw!mness, welgelicwirpnes0 S .Pleeunt coolness: edc!lnesS .(Of honeyed words) sweet taste: hunigsm&e0 P .Pleasing, giviaa of pleasure: (ge)gladdung, gelicung, gelustfullung .Pleesin1, utisfection: gc:cweming, (ge)cwemnes .To propitiate, be submissive: Oleccan See 02.05.05.04 Sensual pleasure 08.01.01.03.09.01PleaseDt,91Peeable: gecweme, gecwemedlic, (ge)cw!mlic, gecwlmsums, gedlfe, hCorc, hold, iepe, lic(i)endlic, (ge)lfcigende, (ge)licwyrpe, lipe, lufi(g)endlic, luftic, lufsum, luftYmlicog, lufwende, (ge)sw~s. sweslic, swlte, (ge)~se. pancful, welgecwemes, welgecwemedlic0 S, wel(ge)licod, wel(ge)licwirpes, (ge)wynsum, (ge)wynsumlic .Pleennt, desirable: leortzl, (ge)lfcwyrpe, lufsumlic0 , luft9me, lustb&rc, lustbltrlic, wilsum .Joyous, delightful: getcalic, gll!Cd, glllCdlic, hyhtful, hyhtlic, leoflic, l!ofwende, lustsumlic, myrge, wynlic •Wished for, Pi* eeable: onwille0 P .Mellihous: hunigftowende, hunigswete 08.01.01.03.09.02 Pleesendy, apeeably: gecwemlice, hyhtlice, on pance/to pances/to pance, gesw~se. sw~slrce, wel, wel liciendlice, wynsumlrce .Sweedy, with pleaP1re: swltlfce .Delightfully: wynlice, wynnum 08.01.01.03.09.03 To make &lad: iblissian, icwician, imyrgan, aretan, (ge)blissian, (ge)blQ>ian, (ge)&ldigian, (ge)gladdian, (ge)li}>igian, (ge)retan, (ge)rotsian, tietan°P .To please, be agreeable to: (ge)cwlman, (ge)efenllcian, (ge)gladdian, (ge)lician, swetian, wellician .To give delight to, cause pleesnre in: (ge)lustfullian, lystan, (ge)Oleccan

434

08.01.02.01.02 Gentleness

.To pleaw, content, saddy: onhagian, wcld6n .To make pleasing: bcfcstan, (gc)sw~. (gc)wynsumian 08.01.02 Disposidoa towards others: 08.01.02.01 Favour,ldnclness, grace: ir, irfcstncs, irstzf, laj>m6dncs, est,

estincs, fremfulncs, frcmsumncs, fremu, glcdmooncs, (ge)glcdncs, g6dncs, g6dscipe, hyldo, rummOdncs, til, treow, t>anc, unnc, weldonnes, welwille(n)dncs, wclwilnes .A kind action, benefit: ambihtsumncs, dugut>. gccarnung, goo, liss, t>enung, wcld~d. welfremming, welfremncs .Good will: bliss, willa .Loving kindness: s6l>lufu .~appreciation of others: medemncs .A benefactor: iri(g)cnd, bigcnga, g6dd6ndP, wcld6nd .Gracious, kind, beneficent: irful, bentigl>c, bliJ>hcort, laj>bedc0 P, C8J>benc0 P, C8J>c, CstC, CstliC, fremfu} , fremsum, fremsumliC, g}cd (wil>), glcdlic, glcdmoo, (ge)hlystfull, li)>c, gcmctfcst, mildc, riimhcort, riimlic, tilP, tilfremmcndc0 P, tilm6digP, wcl(gc)don, wclfremmcndl, wclrilmm6d, wclwillcndc, wei>c. wynsum .Affable: gcspntce .Gradously, kindly, beneftcendy: irfcstlicc, irfullicc, irwcorl>licc, bilewitlicc, (gc)cwemlicc, estelicc, fremsumc, fremsumlicc, holde, holdlicc, lissum, li)>clrcc, medemlrcc, riimlrcc, riimmoolicc, tilliccP, t>ancfullicc, welriimliccl, wclwillendlicc, wynsumlicc .To show kindness: lij>ian .To be favourably disposed to:· (gc)cicrran (to), hlinian •To repnl with (kindly) feeling: hiwian .To smile kindly on, bless: wclcwct>anog See 10.03.01 Favour 08.01.02.01.01 Humaneness, humane behaviour: mennisclicncs .Humane, that sbonld cbarac:terbe men: mennisclic .Humane, considerate: mitt>ful 0 .ComlderateJy, courteously: mit!>Ircc

See 11.05.02.02 Courtesy 08.01.02.01.02 Gendeness: iel>ncs, mildncs, gct>wzmcs .Mildness, gendeness, sweetness: gedefcnes, lij>ncs, gemetfcstnes,

gewet>ncs .Tendemess, delkacy: mearuwncs 4'.Y5

08.01 .02.01.02.01 Mildness, leniency, indulgence g~fte,

ged!fe, IJl>e, gemetfest, gemetfestlic, gernetlic, m0wzre0 s, sefte, s0fte, stille, unwelgrim0 ..SOft as milk, gende: meolclJl>e°' "Tender, gende: hnesce -Kindhearted, meek: mildheon .Mild, gende:

- Tractable, gende, mild: tam .Gently: IJl>e -Gently, mildly: g~ftelice, (ge)metfzstlfce -Tenderly, delicately, inclalgendy: mearulice ..Lightly, tolerantly: hnesclice .To be mild or tolerant: ll}>igian .To be gentle to: geiel>an -To refrain from unkinclN11, spare: (ge)irian .To become gentle/mild: geleot>uwU&n, gemildians -To yield, soften In attitude: hnesc(i)an .To soften (one's heart): Ahnescian, (ge)hnesc(i)an -To relent, be appeased: swet>olian° .To m•ke mild/merdful: gemiltsian .To nwke gentle, bnnwnltt: gemanl>w~rian°

See 05.09.02 Mildness

08.01.02.01.02.01 Mildness, leniency, inclalaence: forgiefnes .Mild, Indulgent: forgiefen, fril>lic, Iel>e .Gently, not banbly: leohtlice, IJl>elice, s0fte 08.01.02.01.02.02 Gentleness, meekness, composure: gedzftu, smyltnes .Unruflled, senne: efen, smOI>, smylte .Staid, sober: ged~fe .With equanimity, calmly: efenlfce, efenmOlufuop, heonlufu0 P .Faithful love: treowlufu0 P .Hapless love: sorglufu0 P .Love for men: manlufu0 P .Brotherly love: sibsumnes .Love/affection between kinsmen: megsibb 0

436

08.01.02.02.03 A loving relationship .Love for one's cbUcl: bcamlufu0 .Love for a mother: m0dorlufu0 .A lover: lufiend .Affectionate, amiable, loving: (ge)leof, leofwende, Jufiende, luflic ..(Of words) loving: luflic .Lovingly, with love: Cstfullfce, leoflrce, luflrce, sw6tlrce .Ardendy, lovingly: leofwendum .To bold dear, care for, love: carian, deoranP, (ge)freogan, (ge)lufian, rCcan (be) .To bestow aft'ection upon: lufian (on) .To express aft'ection In words: Jufian See 02.05.05 Desire 08.01.02.02.01 A favourite, loved one: dY11ing .A (king's) favourite: dY11ing .A favourite follower: dY11ingl>egn° .Darling (as nickname): dyrling .Jewel, treasure (In address): eorcnanstln, meregrot .Beloved, dear, precious: besorg, gecorcn, dyre, fl!JeP, leof, leoffa:st0 , Jeoflic, geliefed, lufi(g)endlic, m6dleof0 P, swete ..Very dear: felaleof0 P, oferleof0 P ..Equally dear/precious: efendyrc, efenleof ..Dear to the community: hrrcdleofO' 08.01.02.02.02 An embrace: beclypping'. clypping, feng, ymbclyppungl .Act of kissing: cossetung0 ' ..A kiss: COSS .A token of love: luftJcen°P .To embrace, clasp: beclyppan, befa:~m(i)an, clyppan, ymbclyccan°K .To embrace, caress: (ge)freogan, (ge)Jufian .To kiss: cossian°, (ge)cyssan 08.01.02.02.03 A loving relationship: freondlufu0 P .Love between man and woman: freondntden, freondscipe, lufu .Love/desire (for): freondmynd0 P, (ge)wilnung ..Love for a woman: brydlufu0 P, wrftufuP, wffrnyne0 P .Love-makin1: frigeP, Jufung° .A lover: copenerc0 • freond, lufiend ..A partner: gegada ..A (male) lover/husband: wineP

437

08.01.02.02.03.01 Wooing ..A lover (probably female): lufestre& ..A secret lover: dymeceorl 0 .A beloved one, sweetheart: drilt0 P, loof

.Loviq, affectionate: lufwende ..Inclined towards: forJ>weard ..Amorous: wogerlic0 .Exdting warm feelings of affection: hit .To fall in love: gefeallan on lufe, lufe niman to

See 06.02.05.01 Desire 08.01.02.02.03.01 Wooing: wogung0 .A wooer, suitor: wogere .To court, woo: iwogian, wogian

See 12.09 Marriage 08.01.02.02.04 Love, caritas: broJ>orlufug, lufu, sibgeomes .Spiritual love: gl!stlufuP .Blessed love: cadlufu0 P 08.01.02.03 Friendliness, affection: cyJ>t>(u), hyldo, sibb

.Kindly interest: freondrl!den, freondscipe .Friendship: geferrl!den, freondn!den, freondscipe, siblufuP, winescype .Friendship, brotherly love: brOJ>orlfcnes, (ge)broJ>orscipe, broJ>orsibb .Bond (of friendship): wl!r .Old acquaintance: ealdcyJ>J>u .lndmacy, special acquaintance: sundorcyJ>J>u0 .Fellowship/communion with people: geml!nnes, (ge)~den, J>eodscipe .Fair words of peaco'friendsbip: sibcwide0 P 08.01.02.03.01 An acquaintance, friend, aaociate: ciiJ>a, (ge)rera, freond,

wine .Friends: (ge)frfend .An earthly friend: woruldfreond .A dose friend, bosom friend, conftdant: gehala, gehola, niehsta, sundorwine0 P .Kimman and friend: ml!gwineP, wineml!gP .A female friend: wrffreondg .A pleaunt companion: wilgehleJ>a0 P, wilgesij>P, wilgeJ>ofta0 P .A pleasant band: wilgedryhtP 438

08.01 .02.04.01 Visiting

08.01.02.03.02 Friendly, amiable: freondheald°I, freoodlic, lufwendlic, sibb, unwit>erweard° .lndmete, frialdly: cilJ>, inlic, n&lhfeald°, nbhfealdlic0 , gesi}lcundJic0 • gesij>lic .Kind, friendly: blij>e, blij>emM. hold, holdlic .Kind to one's frlendl: freondlij>e0 .Fatherly: faederlic .Compatible, in sympathy: gebyredlic .Social: geterlic°' 08.01.02.03.03 In a friendly manner, kilMlly: lrlrce, blij>e, cilJ>lrce, deore, freondlrce, holdlrce, lufsumlrce, lufwendlrce .F•miliarly, in friendly fashion: cilJ>lice, hrwcuJ>lice .In a fatherly manMr: faederlice .In a motherly way: mOdorlice .8odably: (ge)ferlij>lfce 08.01.02.03.04 To sbow aladncrr, be friendly: onfaegnian° .To m•ke frieada with, auech oneself to: (ge)clll>lkan, (ge)J>Codan .To associate with: (ge)wunian 08.01.02.04 Hospitality: andfeng, cumlij>nes, giestlij>nes, giestning0 .An inviter of guests: inl&t>igend .Lord of the feast (at a wedclfna-banquet): dryhtealdor .A friendly invitation: freondl$u0 P .An invitation from a superior: h&s .Reception, welcoming of guests: onfangennes ..Lack of a room: rymetleast° .Being visited: geneosung .Hospitable: cumli)>e, gicstlicq, giestli)>e, gistltpicnd0 .To call (as a guest), invite: (ge)cregan to, gchllan, (gc)l&t>ian, togc1$ian .To invite, receive: in(gc)l$ian .To receive, welcome: faegnian, ontOn, undcrtOn .To entertain, be hospitable: bcwcnianP, gcl$ian See 04.01.02.04.05.01 Harbour 08.01.02.04.01 Visiting: (gc)neosung, t6s6cn° .SOjoam as a guest: cumlij>nes .A rare visit: scldcyme0 P .A guest: ftctsiUendP, giest, wilcuma •.A welcome guest: wilgaest0 P

439

08.01.02.04.02 Thanks, gratitude ..A hand of pats: gisbrulegen°P

.Uninvited: un(ge)lal>od .As a guest: on gistli}>nesse .To go to, visit: fandian, (ge)nwsian, (ge)*811, swe1>htcan°11 .To visit, have personal communication with: (ge)seon ..To visit frequendy: (ge)lomlecan .To be a guat: cumliJ>ianOI!, giestianB See 05.10.04.03.01Visit;05.12.05.02.02 Meet 08.01.02.04.02 Thanks, gratitude: hyldo, t>anc, t>ancung .Glory, praise, thanks: wuldor .A word of thanks, thanks: 1>ancword0 P .Thankful, grateful: 1>ancful, gel>ancol .Thankfully, gratefully: on 1>ance, 1>ancfullice, 1>ancweor1>lice •Thanks to: l>ances .To make grateful nturn for: (ge)gieldan .To exprea thanks by action, shew gratitude: (ge)l>ancian .To express gratitude, thank: ~n }>ancas. (ge)secgan pancas. l>anc cunnan, (ge)l>ancian See 16.02.04.02 Thanksgiving 08.01.02.05 Compallion: besirgung, canning, efensirgung°, efen1>rowungB, midl>rowungB, (ge)miltsung, ofearmungB, gel>Oht .Compassionate: efensirig, mildheort .Compassionately, mercifully: mildheortlfce .To sympathi:u, compasstonate: behreowsian, be~nan, besirgian (be/for), efensirgian, efensorgian°, efen1>rowian, midl>olianl, gemiltsian, ofeannianB. onemn1>rowigan°, gel>rowian •To remanber with compassionlldndnea: gemyndgian .To feel pain for, feel sorry for: sirian 08.01.02.06 Mercy, pity: Ir, liss, liJ>, mildheortnes, milts .Merciful, dement, propitious: inh!de0 , Arfest, milde, mildelic, mildheortlic .Mercitully: irlfce, milde, mildelfce .To show mercy, be mercitul to: Arfestian°B, (ge)irian ..To show mercy to, aefrain from harmin1: sparian See 16.02.04.07.02.02 Forgiveness 08.01.02.06.01 Pity: earmheortnes0 B .Pitier, one who taka pity: (ge)miltsi(g)end 440

08.01.03 Bad feeling, sadness .Pltiful, tender-heuted: eannheort .Exdtfna pity, lamentable: hreowlic, w6plic .Expressing pity, piteous: earmlic .Piteously: eannlice .SO as to exdte pity: hreowlrce .To pity: lissian, (ge)miltsian, ofhreowan .To affect with pity or compallion: (ge)hreowan .To cause pity (in a person): eannian .To melt, soften, disarm: gemieltan

08.01.02.06.02 Forsfvener1, reminion, demency: forgiefnes .Favour, demency, remission of a penalty: giefu .A release, mitigation, ranillion: libting .To pardon, forgiw: ilittan, forgiefan "To remit, forgive: forletan .To relent, be appeatecl: swet>olian° See 16.02.04.07.02.02 Forgiveness 08.01.03 Bad feeling, udncss: angm6dnes0 , caru, dreorignes, efneunr6tnesog, gnomP, gnomsorgP, gnomung, gnymP, gromtom0 P, gromP, gromtomq, gym, heof, heortsarnes0 , m6dcearuP , sir, sirgung, sirignes, sorg, sorgung, unbliss, ungef!a0 .Great/dire sorrow: bealusorg°P, ealdorcearu0 P, sorgcearuP .Heart sorrow: hre)>crbealu0 P, hygesorgP, mOdsorgP .Branch bringing sorrows: heanntAn°P .SOrrow brought about by malice: inwitsorhP .SOrrow for loss of thanes: )>cgnsorh0 P .Brew of sorrow: sorgbyJ1>en°P .SOrrow at dawn: iihtcearu0 P .Tumult of never-ceasing sorrows: sinsorgna gedrzg .sad, •rrowful: angm6d, cwinig°P, dr!amleasP, dreorig, dreoriglic, efneunr6tsad0 S, freorigP, gealg, gcocorP, geomor, gnomP, hrcowig, sirig, seoc, sorgful, sorig0 , switr, l>Costor, unbliJ>e, unrotlic, un(ge)rotsod, w!alic "Very ud: fclageomor 0 P' heorudreorigP, j>urhunrOt0 S, unreonc0 ..sad in mind/heart: dreorigfcrp0 P' dreorigmoo0 P. freorigmoo0 P. gealgmooP, geomorrnoo, hefigmoo. hohmoo0 , hreohmooP, hygcgeomorP, hygcml)>c0 P, m6dcearig°P, m6dgeomorP, sirfcrhj>0 P, sirigfcrhj>P, sirigm6d, unbJr)>cm&leoS, unr0tm6d0 "Full of sorrows: carmccarigP 441

08.01.03.01 Despondency

•.s.d ot CODDtmantt~ dr!orighloor 0 P -Hutenina away In sadness: gnomscendende0 P ..Sad at morning: morgenseoc0 P -Sad at loss of friends: winegoomor 0 P -Sad with yean: wintercearig°P .Sadly: deorce, dr&>riglice, unrOtlfce ..Joylessly: ungef!alrce ..For sonow: for longunge .To b&'become ucl: dreorigian, (ge)hefigian, (ge)sweorcan, (ge)unrotsian See 08.01.03.06 Adversity; 16.02.04.07.02 Contrition 08.01.03.01 Despondency: ctspringnes0 «, driipung°, t6h!tennes0 , unmOd°,

wCrigu0 .Gloom, joylasoea: gealg(mOd)nesq, gesweorcenes0 , unlust J>epnssed, sad, troubled: drOfig, bean, meJ>e, geswl!red0 , unrot, wCrig -Troubled In mind/heart: l!mOd, ferhlJCearig0 P, ferh)>wCrigP, forege)>istrod0 «, freorigferJ>0 P, goomormOd, heanmOdP, hrCowigrnOdP, m6clsCoc0 i, sweorcendferh)>P, wCrigferh)>P, wCrigrnooP •To droop, be grieved, look gloomy: iswltman, isweorcan°, hnipian, seo)>an See 06.01.08.06.07 Despair 08.01.03.02 Dilcontent: lango)> .Discontented: earfo)>hylde .To cause lonpng, dl'CO'lltent: langian .To become dlsc:c>ntented: (ge)unretan 08.01.03.02.01 Compunction, remorse, contrition: gebryrdnes,

fort>rytednes, forbrytennes0 ' . forbrjtnes0 ' . forgnidennes«, (ge)hreow, inbryrdnes, onbryrdnes, tobrjtednes .Contrition, penitence, remone: behrCowsung, dltdoot, for)>n!st(ed)nes« , hrCow, (ge)hrCownes, hrCowsung, geswicennes, ge)>n!st(ed)nes -Remorse, prick of conscience: pricung° .Remorseful, contrite: forgniden, fortreden, forJ>n!sted, gehnyst0 P, hrWw, hrCowende, (ge)onbryrd, onbryrded, tObrjtt, ge)>rzsted -Unrepentant, unrepenting: unbehreowsigende0 .To acknowledge, admit (wrong, sia, etc.): (ge)andettan -To confess, acknowledge, admit: beon/wesan andetta .To affect with repet: (ge)hrCowan 08.01.03.03 Anxiety: behygdnes, brec)>a0 P, byrd0 , byrJ>en, carfulnes,

carsorg°P, caru, (ge )drefednes, (ge)drefnes, gl!lsa, geh)>u, giemen,

442

08.01.03.04 Grief giem(e)nes, hohfulnes, nearones, oncyt>t>J', simes, sorg, sorgstafas0 P,

tornsorg°P, unr!tu0 , unsibsumnes°', unstil(l)nes, gewinn, ymbhoga .Aulety of heart/mind: breostcearuP, heorthogu, mOdbysgung°P, IDOdearfo~0 P,rnOdt>rCa.0P,OlOdgewinna0P

-Gnublog of teeth in andety: gristbitung, toi>a gebitt, tOl>a gristlung, tO~a gristbitung, tO~a gehCaw .(?Of anxiety) 'burning treasure': brandhord0 P •Worldly care: woruldbisgung, woruldcearu, woruldhogu0 , woruldsorg -Care about this life: lifcearuP -Care cau.wd by war: giil>cearu0 P .Caring, state of being anxious: gferning ..Amious: behydig, earful, carig, geengedS, gnomcearig°P, gromP, hefig, hohful, hreoh, hrCowcearigP, orsorgleas0 , sorgcearigP, sorgful, unstille, winnende ..Anxious, causing anxiety: sorgful, ymbhydig .Grievously, with trouble: drofe, sirlice ..Straidy, with anxiety: h~dreP •To be in anguish, be troubled: (ge)angianS, becarcian°, besorgian, forsorgian°, gieman, hogian, sirian, sorgian, sorgian ymb .To m•ke or become troubled, dismay: swearcian See 06.01.08.06.04 Care 08.01.03.04 Grief: bit(t)emes, langung, rnurcung, mumung, tlaras, tom, wiwa, w~ .Violent grief: swil>hreownes0 .Deep grief: h~gnomung P .Perpetual grief: sinsorg0 P •Welling sorrow: carwylrnP, sorgwyJrnP .One who repines: rnurcnere .Day of mourning: heofungdeg Sorrowing, mournful: g&mtor, geomorlic, murcen°P, rnumende, reonigP, reotig0 P, SOrgiende ..Equally sorry: efensirig .Lamentable, pitiable: bewependlic, earmlic, triisc0 , wilic, wependlic .Causing grief, horrid: dreorig, dreorlic, geomor, geomorlic, heaflic0 , sir, sirlic, sorgful, sorglic, undlig, werig .sadly, mournfully: geornore, geornorlice, grome0 P, hefelice ..Miserably, unhappily, grievously: hreowlice, sirlice, sorglice .In • w•y that causes sorrow: geornorlice .To grieve, become sad: (ge)sirgian, (ge)sorgian 0

443

08.01.03.04.01 Complaint, lamentation

.To mourn, grieve: igeomrian, carian, gromian, gyrmanog, sirettan, sicettan .To mourn for, grieve at/about: begnomian°P, sworcttan, wepan .To be sorry for, grieve at: besirgian, d&dbetan, gnomian, heofan, sican zfter, sorgian ymbe/on/for, (ge)wepan .To affect with sorrow, sadden: ldimmian, lweorpan, (ge)hrCowan, ofheannian°, ofhreowan, ofl>yncan, gedgan, geunblissian, (ge)unretan, geunrotian°, (ge)unrotsian .To become saddmin1: sweorcan 08.01.03.04.01 Complaint, lamentation: cwi}>nes, cwi}>ung0 S, geanop0 P, gromungg, slrseofung°S .SOrrowful speecb/50D1: cargeaJdor0 P, gnomword0 P, hearmleopP, sircwide, slrspell, sorgword0 P ..Cry at morning: morgensweg°P ..A sad story: sarspell .Weeping, lamentation: cwlnung, dream, geomrung, gnomung, goung0 , grinung, heaf, heof, heofung, bream, hrCoWSUng, reon°P, sirgung, sirigcienn°. seofung, wlnung, wop ..O!: wl Ii (wi).lwei Ii wei ..Alas!: eg Ii eg, eow 0 g, euwi°g, hrgli, wi, wi Ii (wi), wegli, wel Iii (wel) .l.amenting, mournful: heofiend, heofigendlic, ririgende, wepende .Expressing sorrow: hefig, heofendlic, slrig, sirlic, wopig, woplic •With lamentation: woplice .Bitterly, grievously: biterlice, sirlice, sorglice, wependlice ..Equally bitterly: efensire0 .To lament, wail: beaftanS, begeomerian, begnomian°P, begretan°P, beheofians. bematnan, bemurnan, bereotan°P, besirgian, besingan, bewepan, cwiinian, cwij>an, dryman, geomrian, gnomian, goian, grinian, greotanP, gretan, handbzftiang, heafe bewindan, heofan, heofian, hrCowsian, (ge)hrieman, (ge)matnan, murcian, muman (zfter/for), ririan, reotanP, seofian, (ge)wiinian, (ge)wepan, woperian° .To feeJ penitence for, mourn: bematnan, wepan See 12.05.03.01 Complaining 08.01.03.04.02 Shedding of tears: teara gegot, teara gyte, w0p .A tear: hleordropa0 P, tear, Wltgdropa0 P, WOpdropa0 P ..A burning tear: brynetear 0 P •.Teen: heafodwylm ..A 8ood of tears: flOd teara. wflbec0 P 444

08.01.03.0.5.02 Anger .Tearful: bew6pen, t!arg~tende , tearig, wepende, wollenteare0 P ..With tearful cbeeb: tearighl~r P .To sbecl tears: lg~tan t!aras, (ge)tearianS, tyran, (ge)wepan

0

0

08.01.03.04.03 Sobbing: gcocsungs .A sob: geocsa .To sob: (ge)gcocsian 08.01.03.04.04 Sighing: srcing0 s .A sigh, sob: sicettung, sw6rct(t)ung .To sigh: sician° 08.01.03.04.04.01 Sighing, groaning: hloccetung0 S .A sigh, groan: sice0 .To sigh, groan: hlocettanS, srcan 08.01.03.0S Murmuring, complaint: ceorung, murcung .Gnunbling, complaining, quenllous: besprecende, ceorigS, murciende .To murmur, feel/express discontent (at): beceorian, bemurcnian°, bemuman, besargian, besprccan, ceorian, gnomian, hwitstrianS, missprccans, murcnian, seofian, ~otan, wit>ercwiddianoS ••To clamour against: wi)>reotan 08.01.03.05.01 A gradae: gnomung, inca .To have a grudge: incan witan .To have as a grievance: (ge)mitnan 08.01.03.05.02 Anger: ~bylg, itbylga0 S, ~bylg)>(u), gebelg, grama, iemes, ierscipe0 S, wn!)>)>o .Anger, wrath, fury: itbylgnes, gramfitmes0 , hatheort(e), hatheortnes, hithige0 P, ierrc, mibtm6d0 P, re)>scipe, gefisoS, tom, WlalJ1Ct(t6), weamoones, wielm .A rage of darts: ganom0 P .Unrighteous anger, rage: tom •Woman's fury: wifgem~la .Readiness to anger, irascibility: iersung .Gnashing of teeth In anger: gyrstq .Angry: gealg, ierlic ..Very angry: ierre)>weorhq ..With grim look: andwlitefu1°S ..Fierce: gram 44.5

08.01.03.05.03 Exasperation, irritation -Fierce at evening: ttfengromop .Passionate, emotional, capable of anger: iersigendlic .Furious, angry, enraged: bolgenmOdP, ellenwOd, Rondlic, gefrecnod, gealgmooP, gram, grambttre, gramigende, gegremid, hit, (ge)hitheort, gehithiert, ierre, ierrem0d 0 P, inbolgen°S, iersigende, onbolgen°P, tomm0d0 P, WCamOd, WOd, wrap, wrapmooP .Angrily: grame, hefiglice, ierlice, ierringa, wriJ>e ..Furiously: hltheortlice .Ah!: wi (Ii) wi .To be/get •ngry: ibelgan, (ge)belgan, forbelgan°, (ge)hithiertan, (ge)iersian, (ge)iersian wi)> (on/ongean), onstingan°S, gesweorcan, (ge)wrij>ian, (ge)wn!)>an ..To wreak anger: (ge)wrecan tom/yrre ..To gnash the teeth: brtan te)>, griJlanS .To rage, be furious: igrimettan, breman°S, bremmans, gristbltianS, gristbitian, (ge)grymet(t)an, rabbian°, re)>ian, seo)>an, )>indan, woffian .To make angry: abelgan, (ge)ibylgan, igrimsian°S, gebelgan, (ge)gremian, grimman, gehithiertan, (ge)iersian, onbelgan°P, wrat>ian •To become provoked: wi)>erian 08.01.03.0S.03 Exasperation, irritation: ibolgennes0 S, gremmings,

onscunungS, )>weor(a) .Causing exasperation, exasperating: teonful ..Very bitter, exasperating: )>urhbiterS .As a vexation to: on andan •To vex, irritate, exasperate: gramian, onscunian, teonian .To tempt, provoke, try the patience of: (ge)fandian 08.01.03.0S.04 Irritability: eapbelg0 , eapbylgnes0 .Easily irritated: eapbylige, ie)>bilge .Quick-tempered: nwttrlice .To take offence, take umbrage: andan (ge)niman, graman niman, mooig(i)an •To be offended at: yfelmynnan 08.01.03.0S.OS Indignation: unweor)>scipe, unweorj>ung

.Indignantly: unweor)>lice .To be indignant at: undemiman 446

08.01.03.06 Adversity, affliction 08.01.03.06 Advenity, aftlkdon: (ge)broc, gedeorf, gedeorfnes&, dracu0 ,

(ge)drea:ednes, dreccing°I, gedrecenes, gedrehtnes0 , gedyrstP, earfot>e, folcgedrefnes0 , forpntst(ed)ness, heandom0 , gehrorenes0 S, iermt>, lij>, myrpu0 P, nfedt>earf, ni}>, nydbysgu0 P, sacu, sir, sirig, swzr, (ge)swenc, (ge)swencednes, geswencnes, (ge)swine, geswincfulnesi, (ge)swincnes, t>ing, t>iUtnes0 , gel>Jyccednes0 , t>rycnes', unlzdu, unmyrht>, unget>wzmes, wiwa. wea, weargungi, wit>ermednes'. wit>ermedo, wit>errl!dnes, wil>erweardnes, wrzcsi}>, wrtl> .Great/clire advenity: broht>rea0 P, dryhtenbealuP, ealuscerwen°P, firent>earf0 P. folcbealo0 P' heaJlt>earfP. heahl>fCa0 P. leodbealuP. ma:genearfet>e,meodusccrwen°P,nearoned,nearosorg°P,nydwracuP, . t>eodbealuP, j>eodl>fCaop .Darkness of trouble: genip .Trouble on account of security: borgsorg0 P .Unceasing trouble: sinnJ1>0 P .State of misery: lglichki0 P, h~fsi)> P, llt>scipe0 P, neadclam', nfed, ofergel>yld° •Time of advenity: earfot>hwfl0 P, earfol>t>rlg°P, gryrehwfl0 P, breoh, hreohnes, gemihlicnes, mistfd, orlegstund0 P, stund, t>~IP, l>fowingtfma0 , untima, untfmnes0 , wrzcfzc0 P, gewintid° ..Time of weariness: langunghwfl 0 P ..Time of distress (present life): wrzchwfl 0 P ..Day of tribulation: earfol>dzg°P, geswincdzg0 P, (ge)winncfregP ..Day of pestilence: woldzg°P 0

..Trouble of a particular time: m2lcearu0 P ..Troubles of this life: woruldbroc0 , woruldearfot>P, woruldyrmt>u ..World of care: gewinworuld0 P, wrzcworuld ..Place of misery: wrzcstow

..DI.effects of wrath: grama .Wretched man~ earfot>ma:cgP, earming, ierming, t>earf(ig)end, wrzcca. wrzcmzcgP .Aflllctecl, full of trouble: ihwl!ned, iswenct, begroren°P, byrstig, earm, forhiened, forwundod, hreowlic, ntdlw. (ge)swincful, wund ..Not having a lord: hlifordlw ..Beset by dangers: ft!rbifongenq ..Troubled by dist1esaes: nydbysig°P .Adverse, unfavourable: unhilwende, wit>emtde. wit>erszc, wit>erweard, wit>erweardlic ..Gloomy, miwaable: bllat°P, deorc, earmful, earmlic, hnlgP, siriglic0 , unglzdO, unglzdlic, unhierlic, wynlwP 447

08.01 .03.06.01 Affliction, misfortune, calamity -Worse: wicrs ..Worst: wicrst .Full of hardship/misery: broclic0 , hreohlic0 , (ge)swincful, wan~ligP, gewinful, wrzcful, wrzclic .Calamitous: byrstful, eann, g0dleas0 , heannlic, l>rCalicP, ungelimplic, unge~lig

.In adversity: angsume, frecne, lij>lfce ..Wretchedly: bleate0 P, carlice0 P, eannlrce, unlitdlrce ...More wretchedly: wiers -Most w1etcbedly: wiersl .To be troubled, travail: (ge)swincan, winnan See 08.01.03 Sadness; 07.03.04 Wretch; J1.06.03ff Failure

08.01.03.06.01 Aftliction, misfortune, calamity: earfol>nes, flOd, hearmberg0 P, 1>rea. l>reanicdP, ungemednes0 g, unsitl 0 , ungesl!lignes, un(ge)~ll>, un(ge)limu, wil>cnn0dnes0 .Misfortune, calamJty: bealusJl>P, earfol>sJI>, fitr, forscapung, heard~lnes0 , heard~ll>. heann, mcdsell>0 , mis(ge)limp, unbelimp8, unhrelu, un(ge)limp, unsi}>, un(ge)wyrd, yfelnes .Losses, suffering: forlzte .Vicissitude, change: hwyrflung, (ge)wrixl .Fall from high estate, reverse: hryre .Fall of a prince (?people): leodhryreP .A slip (into misfortune/error): slide .Unfortunate, suffering misfortune: earfol>sitlig0 P, earmsceapen, bean, heard~lig, unhyl>igP, unlred(e), unlredlic, un(ge)~lig, unwrrest(e) .ID-timed, unfortunate: unlime .Ready to perish, in danger of destruction: losigendlic .Unhappily, mise~bly: hreowlice, t>earfendlice, ung~liglice ..Very unhappily: unhlitme0 P .Unhappily, unreasonably: ungelimplice .Detrimentally, adversely: wil>crweardlice .(Of temporal prosperity) to fail, be ruined: losian .To tum out badly (for a penon): misweort>an .To fall (Into an unhappy condition): slidan 08.01.03.07 Unt>'easantness: unwynsumnes .What is not desired: unwilla .Disagreeable, uncongenial: unlicwyrt>c0 , unswres0 P, ungel>w!!re 448

08.01.03.07.02 Misery, trouble, affliction -UnpJa•ent aacl df-a11eeable: lij>, lij>lic, un(ge)cweme, ungedefe, unCal>e, unwynsum, wiJ>erweard ..IM.pleuing, not with a person's aoodwUJ: ungewill .Unp,easent, unfair: unmyrge0 .Not acceptable: unfenge0 , unpmcwurl>e .To displease: miscweman°. mislician, oflician, unge1Ician°

08.01.03.07.01 Tedium: l!lenge, l!lengness, z~rot, l!~ryl, l!~rylnes .Tedious, Iona: l!lenge, l!~ryt(e), dead, hefelic, hefigtyme, langsumlic .Wearied: gel!~ryt, waig .To weary, tire: (ge)l!~ryttan, apcytan .Tom.eke weary, displease: ij>reotan 08.01.03.07.02 Misery, trouble, afllfction: iglzcP. geomomes0 s, gym, gymstafas0 P, heann, heannstzfP. hefigtymnes, lewsa0 S, nearol>earfP, ni]>hete, (ge)styrenes, styrung, trigP, wansceaft, wile .An afllfction: nydcosting°P .A difticult matter: hefignes .Sinful woe: firenearfe~ .Trouble, anxiety: angnes, angsumnes, bisgu, (ge)drefednes, teona, trega, uneat>nes .Oppression, distftss: cursung, fo~ryccednes, fo~rycnes, oferswi]>ness, oferswi]>ungs, of~ryccednesS, ofl>ryccednes, onhettings, onteonas, ~real, ~reatung, ~rohtP

.(Of fears, burdem, etc.) heavy: ihefig0 8, pislicS, swl!rigq -Very heavy: ~urhhefig -Burdensome: byr~n~te S .Troublesome: angsum, angsumlic .Harmful, noxious: heannfuJ0 S, ~wra:c .Oppressive, harassing: nearolic, ~rohtq, ~weorh, windig .HarasHd, oppressed: ispomen°S, gebered, genearwad .Weighed down, heavy-laden: gebyrdog, gehefedog, hefigtyme .Heavily: pislicel! .To afllict, vex, oppress: iderian°, a:tfa:stan, iwl!lanS, iwierdan, iwyltan, belecgan, beswencan°8, bewl!lan°P, (ge)dreccan, dyrfan, (ge)fl!tan, fornttman°, (ge)gretan, (ge)hrinan, genl!ganP, (ge)nl!tan, oncnyssan, onhergian, (ge)swencan, (ge)tintrcgian, (ge)tirgan, (ge)tregian, (ge)~n!stan, gewnpan .To distftss, trouble, worry: ibelgan, ibisgian, ihefigian, ihwl!nan, geangsumian, (ge)iswician, gebindan, (ge)bisgian, (ge)brocian, 0

0

449

08.01.03.07.02.0l Injury, offence (ge)cnyssan, (ge)costian, gecunnian, (ge)drefan, (ge)earfopian, (ge)eglian, (ge)hierwan, lemian, (ge)nierwan, ofersyman, ofsettan, ofsittan, on handa standan, ofl>yncan, (ge)lnagan, )>reotan, (ge)wierdan .To disturb, vu, disquiet: (ge)drcccan, onhreran, onstyrian, onwendan, tynan, (ge)unstill(i)an, unypgian°S .To distract, upset: tObregdan, toslilan .To burden, weigh down: oferhealdan, ofersyman See 12.05.06.02/f Oppression 08.01.03.07.02.01 hqury, oft'ence: l!bylg~u), zfwyrdla, iwierdnes, clacu0 , daru, dyrfing0 S, liep~o), lij>, sceat>a. scendings, gescentu0 P, teona, teonr~en, wierdness, wund, wundel .Sudden mischief: fiemi]>0 P .An injurious deed, mischief: yfel~d ..Deliberate i.J\jury/offence: hygeteonaP .An offence, annoyance: zfl>anc, l!swic, l!swicung, lij>, unpanc ..An i.magined i.J\jury/offence: lygetom0 P .ID-treated, unfairly treated: forhealden .To wound, strike, attack: i~san. iwrecan, beslean, bestandan, (ge)Chtan, (ge)gretan, ot]>ryccan, (ge)sargian, (ge)slean, (ge)tiician, (ge)preagan, weorce wesan, (ge)wundian ..To inflid btjury, aftlict, hurt: (ge)myscan, scamu don, scyrdan ..To ill-use, abuse: misbeodan ••To gnaw, rend: sceorfan, sceorpan°, slitan .To aftlict grievously,crush with pain: sengan, seopan, tobrytan, toteran .(Of source of pain) to be fierce, inteme: (ge)hilian .To torment: becwylmanq, (ge)cwylm(i)an .To mortify the 8esh: cwylman, cwylmian .To be made to suffer, to be crucified: prowad beon/wesan .To oft'end: geincfullianS, gelettan, myscan, swician, (ge)untreowsian See 02.08.04 Hurt; 05.06.04 Damage; 07.03.02 Harm 08.01.03.07.03 Suft'ering, torment, pain: angnes, cringwracu0 P, cwylming, cwylmnes, firen, morpor, pin, pinnes0 , siisl, weorc, wracu, wrzc, wyrgpuP .Great suffering: hearmcwala0 P, sorgwrte0 .Pain inflicted as punishment: preaweorc0 P .Hell torment/woe: cwicsiisl, hellcwalu0 P, hellebealu0 P .Torment oftbe soul: gl!stcwalu0 P, gl!stgewinn°P .Passion, suffering: cwylming, martyrung°, polungs, prowung 450

08.01.03.07 .04.0 I Unbearableness .Martyrdom: martyrdom. martyrbid, l>rOwerhid, J>rowethid, J>row(i)endhid .Capable of suffering: J>rowiendlic .Grievously, sorely, painfully: bitre, breowlrce, sire, sirlrce, scearplfce,

swttre, switrlrce, treaftrce0 P .To suffer, bear, eoclure: iberan, icuman, idreogan, geaefnan, istandan, (ge)dreogan, dnlan, forberan, (ge)rzfn(i)an, (ge)J>olian, underfijn, underhnigan .To suffer, submit to, undergo: icwylmian, zfianq, ij>olian, iJ>rowian°, cwylmian, dragan, (ge))>afian, (ge)J>olian, underfijn, wegan, (ge)winnan See 02.08.03.01 Extreme pain; 14.05.02 Torment 08.01.03.07.04 Severity, banlmess: grimnes, rfJ>nes, stnecnes, teannes,

uneapnes .Sharp, severe: cwics\islen°, deoplic, hetol, sirlic, scearp, scirpenq, smeart, teart, teartlic, getenge, l>earl .Grievous, dire, bitter, troublesome: ifor, biter, earful, carig, ceald, deaplic, gedeorfsum, droflic0 P, earfoJ>e, earfoJ>lic, egle, enge, geocor, gramlic, grimlic, grimm, heard, heannlic, hefeful, hefelic, lij>, meJ>e, nearu, swttr, swzrlic, swyrige0 S, teart, teonful, tom, tomlic0 P, J>rearuedlic0 P, wi"'telic, wi1>ert9me, wrij>, wrij>lic ..Wone: wiers

.Stem, awe-inspiring: deop .Grievously, fiercely: angrys(en)lrce, biterlrce, bitre, bitrum, cealde, earfoJ>lice, eannlice, geocre, grimme, beanie, hcardlrce, hefelrce, hefige, incuJ>lice0 , nearolrce, nearwe, teartlrce, tlonlrce, tome, trlgeP, J>nste, wrij>e .Grievoasly, hardly: un&ll>e .Sharply, severely: teartlice .Horribly: deorcliceoS, ondrys(e)nlice, wzlbreowlice •To aggravate, make wone: gehefigian

See 05.08.02 Violence 08.01.03.07.04.01 Unbearableness: unacumendlicnes0 S .Unbearable, bard to bear: hearcl, hefelic, hefigtyme, uniberendlic,

unandhefeoS, unberendlic0 , unstyrendlic0 S .Unendurable, grievous: hitigende, heardlic, hefig, hefigtyme, l>earlic, uneape .Intolerable: uniberendlic, uniberiende0 , unAcumendlic, unahefendlic0 • unirl!Cf(n)ed, unirl!Cfne(n)dlic, unriefniendlicq, unJ>oligendlic0 S .Intolerably: uniberendlice, unirl!Cfnedlice 451

08.01.03.07.04.02 Relief, alleviation 08.01.03.07.04.02 Relief, alleviation: lihting, lij>ung

.Modentioa, reduction (ofp11nishment): miltsung .Relieved, relaxed: tOlil>d .To alleviate, lighten, relax: idrjgan, (ge)hnesc(i)an, gefeJ>an, geieJ>rian, (ge )lihtan, tol~tan. tOliJ>ian, tOlysan, underlihtang ••To refresh, restore, set aright: (ge)retan 08.01.03.07.04.02.01 Comfort, comolation: frefer 0 , frefemes0 g, (ge)frofor,

frofomes, geoc, hygefroforP .Action of consolation: frefrung, frofor .A solace, comfort: frofor, hrol>r .A word of consolation: fr0forword0 .A comforter, one who comforts: frefriend, retend .Comforting:frefriende .(Of words) consolatory, consoling: froforlic .In a way that coDIOles: froforlrce .To comfort, console: lfrefr(i)an, efenfrefrian°g, (ge)frefrian 08.01.03.08 Patience: l>lmoo, (ge)J>yld(-u/-o), geJ>yldmOdnes0

.Tolerance, patience: fort>yldegung°g .Patience, long-sufl'ering, forbeannce: langmoonesog, langsumnes, t>otebyrdnes, l>lmoones .Patience, meelmea: mooJ>wt!mes .Patient: moogeJ>yldig0 P, (ge)J>yldeJiC, geJ>yldmOd0 ..Patient, long-suffering, forbearing: forbyrd, forbyrdig, langmoog, langmooigq, langstrang°g, langsum, l>lebyrde8, l>l(e)mOd, (ge)J>yldig .Tolerable, beanble: aberendlic, icumendlic, leoht .Patiendy, long.sufl'eringly: langm0dlice0 g, langsumlrce, geJ>yld(ig)lice .Patiendy, quiedy: J>yldelrce .Patiendy, steadfastly: geJ>yldum .Tolerably, in a way that may be borne: forberendlice0 g .To be patient, have patience: (ge)J>yldian ..To be patient with: gehabban geJ>yld on .To bear up, sustain, be patient: ij>yl(d)giang .To bear, suffer, take patiently: forJ>yldian ..To bear with, put up with, tolente: aberan, adreogan, beteolan, forberan ..To bear, endure: arzfn(i)an, geJ>yld(i)an 08.01.03.08.01 Impatience: unt>olemoones0 S, ungeJ>yld

.Impatient: unforebyrdig0 g, ungeJ>yldig, ungewildendlic0 g 452

08.01.03.09.02 Harsh, unfriendly, unkind .lmpatimdy: ungel>yldelice

08.01.03.09 Bad disposition towards otben: 08.01.03.09.01 li'1erceaea: grimnes, rffnes0 B .F1erce, grim: grimful 0 , grimlic, hreoh ..Very fierce: singrim0 P ..Fierce of mind/spirit: ferh~grimP, hrCohmOdP, reJ>emooP, rc~igmoo P ..Fierce in flight: ftygmow 0 P ..Fierce in battle: giiJ>rCow 0 P .Fiercely: grimlrce, grimme •To be fierce: grirnman See 05.08.02.01 Fierceness, 06.02.07.06 Courage 0

08.01.03.09.01.01 S.yqe: frCcne .Barbarous: h~~n .Brutish, bestial: wildeorlic .Fiercely, savqely: unhiere, unhierlrce ..As wild basts: wildCorlice 08.01.03.09.01.02 Bitterness, acrimony: bitemes, ~rohB .E:1cadve bitu1oess: oferbitemess .Bitter, angry: biter, biterlic, teart, l>J'Oh'. ~weorh •With the utmost bitterness: welgrimlrce .To be/become bitter, aftlict: biterian, unswctian° 08.01.03.09.01.03 Sbarpnea (of speech): scearpncs .Hostile/angry speech: gramword0 P, heoruword0 P ..Bitter words: sircwide .Hasty of speech, sharp-tongued: biterwyrde, bnedwyrde0 P, scearp, tungwoooS ..Unbridled, unchecked (often of tongue): un(ge)mldlod ..(Of speech) bard, severe: st~. suplic .Bitterly: sire

See 07.05.03.03 Insult

08.01.03.09.02 Hanh, unfriendly, unkh1d: uncii~ .Inhospitable: uncumli)>e0 , ungystli)>e0 .In an unkindly manner: uncil~lrce, unfreondlice0 P ..In an 11n'8therly manner: unfederlice .To reach, bit (with paip, mockery, etc.): gespringan 453

08.01.03.09.03 Malevolence, malice

08.01.03.09.03 Malevolmce, malice: zfl>anc, bcalu, hanmg, hete, beterup, bot, nij>grama0 , nij>bete •Wicked machination: bealuseani0 P, bealul>anc0 P. hetel>anc .Deceit, treacllery: bealuinwit0 P .Malicious/evil deed: deofolded0 P, hete, ni)>(ge)weorcP .Malignant, bearing bate: attrenmOd°P, bealubycgende0 P, bcalubygdig0 P, betelic, hete)>ancoJ0 P. betlen°P. betol, rupful, ruphycgendeP, nij>hygdig°P, yfelwille0 1, yfelwillende .Malignandy: hetelice .Maliciously: nij>fullice .Dl, out of spite: yfle .To bear malice, be malevolent: (ge)hati(g)an, yfelwilnian' See 07.03.01 ff Abomination; 07.03.02 Harm 08.01.03.09.04 llabed: f&>ung, hatung, hete, latl>l>(o), m0dhete0 P •Warlike bate: cumbolhete0 P .Sword-bate: ecgbeteP .Hate felt by a people: ICodheteP .Murderous bate: morjx>rllete0 P .Rancorous bate: rupbete .Malicious bate: teonbeteP .Unjustifiable bate: unrihtf&>ung°P .Hate that resorts to arms: watpenbete0 P .Hate that lead. to war: wigbete0 P .Hostility, malignity: liJ>wendnes0 .Hateful contrivance: Jij>searu0 P .Speech full of batl eel: betesprZc°P .Nauiu:a, loathing: whttta ..An object of loathing: wh!tta .Abomination, execration: onscunung', scunung' .A bater: onscuniend .Hating, full of bate: figende, beterof0 P .Evilly disposed, malignant: IAl>wende, IAl>wendem0d0 P .Intensely hostile: nearofih0 P .Hateful, odious, repugnant: ands&te, lscunelic', egle, hatigendlic, hatol,

hil>fulq. liJ>, lil>lic, onscuniendlic, onscunodlicq. szcq, slij>ful°' See 07.03.01 ff Abomination

08.01.03.09.0S Enmity: anda, fathl>, ae>ndn!den, f&>ndscipe, Ill>, mp, genij>laP. synn, teona, unhyldo, unsibb, wil>ennCdo

454

08.01.03.09.07 'lbreal, threatening, menace .Treacherous enmity: inwitnij>P .Mortal enmity: waclf&b1>0 P, waclnij>P .Penecution, active enmity: wracu .An enemy: leond, gram. batigend, hettcnd, gem1>laP, sceal>a. unwine, gewinna, wi)>ecling°&, wi)>ecsaca. wil>erweard, wit;>eawinna, wil>riend ..An alien enemy: unfril>mann° ..An ancient foe: ealdgefl0 , ealdhettend0 P, ealdgewinna0 P, fymgeftita0 P ..A hateful enemy: lil>gerul>laP, lil>get&>naP, lil>gewinna0 P ..A deadly enemy: ealdorgewinnaP, teondsceal>a", feorhgeni)>laP, ferhl>geni)>Ja0 P, ni)>hataq, ni)>sceal>a0 P ..A royal foe: cyninggeni)>laq ..A dangerous enemy/assailant: f&rsceal>a0 P ..A battl~-enemy: hildegiest0 P ..A harmer of the people: leodsceal>aP ..A man-bater: mannhata -One who bates wrongfully: scyldhataP ..A foe armed with a sword: sweordgeni)>Ja0 P ..A 8erco'anlP'Y enemy: torngeni)>laP ..An accuned foe: heann.scal>a0 P, heoruwearg0 P, rul>ga:stP -To prove a foe to, opp.na: gescel>l>an

08.01.03.09.06 Hostility: inwitl>ancP, wilJem!dnes .Hostile: andwri1>0 P, tab, leondlic, gram, gramheort, gramhycgende0 P, gramhygdig, grimhydig0 , hefig, gelij>, nil>hygdig0 P, onweard, unbl!ow 0 P, unhold, wil>erhydig0 P, wil>em!de, wil>erweard .Hostilely: leondlice • -In a manner bostlle to: on andan .To be bostlle (to): fll&can°, (ge)gremian, wil>erian. wil>standan See 12.05.04 Strife 08.01.03.09.07 Threat, threatening, menace: behit, (ge)beot, beotung, b!otwordP, egesung, t>Cowwracu, l>rCa. l>reagung, 1>rcat, 1>reatung .Anger, menace, threat: l>riitung0 •Threatening: egeslic -Threatening,anlP'Y: l>riitigende .Threateningly: b!otlfce .To threaten. menace: llldian, behltan, (ge)b!otian (to), (ge)egesian, gehltan, hwOpanP, (ge)l>Cwan, l>Cwracian, l>reaganfl>reawian See 11.09.02 Warning; 12.05.02 Hostility 455

08.01 .03.09.08 Envy.jealousy 08.01.03.09.08 Envy,jealousy: aefest, aefestung, ~mynd, anda, andung°S,

ellenhete0 , elnung, of)>anc0 S .Spite, rancour, envy: nij> .Full of envy: aefestful 0 , aefestig, andig, nij>ful, nij>ig .Enviously: andiendlicc0 .To be envious, envy: (ge)aefestian, andian .To grow envious: aefcstian .To fret over, show feeling about: (ge)clnian .To envy, bate: nI}>an° .To become rapacious: (ge)hrifnian .To covet: (ge)wilnian 08.01.03.09.091.ngratitude, dlspleuure expressed in words: unI>anc .Thankless, ungrateful: un(ge)I>ancful, unI>ancol, unI>ancwurI>e .Ungratefully: unI>ancwyrplicc0 08.01.03.09.10 Wrath, sternness, displeuure: unmilts, unI>anc .Hardening, obduracy: ihierding°' .Stem, bard, severe: rCI>emOdP, strang, styme, unblij>c, unrot .Hard, harsh, severe: deor, geomful, heard, hetelic, slip, stij>lic, strang,

stranglic, strenge, )>earlwislic .Stern, implacable: unglaedlic .Strict, severe: reI>e, t>earI, )>earlwis .Having bard/unpleasant thoughts: sllphycgendcP .Of ftint, steely: ftinten°, heard, heardhcon, st&nen, stearc, stearcferI>0 P,

stII>lic, stymlic .Fierce, cruel, harsh: gramlic, grimlic, hreoh, reI>e ..F1erce in arms, formidable: searogrim0 P ••(Of death) ungentle, cruel: unswzslic0 P .Strictly, sternly, severely: heardwendlicc, sllpe, sllplicc, straeclice, stranglicc, stymenga0 P, stymlicc, swij>licc, )>earlwislicc .severely: deopc, frecne, hetollicc, strange, )>earllicc, I>ream ..severely, cruelly: grimlicc, grimme .Hardly, banbly: stij>c .Fiercely, cnlelly: grame, gramlicc, unfaegre .To harden, make bard: ihicrdan, forhyrdanP, onsllpianS, wil>heardian' 08.01.03.09.11 Hardheartedness, cruelty, severity: grimnes, hcardheonnes,

hetolnes, reI>ncs, slij>ness, ungeI>wzmes, waelgrimnes, waelhreownes, wrAI>. yfelncs

456

08.01.03.09.12 Pitilessness .Evil, cruelty: mlnbealu 0 P .(Of jndiftable cruelty) severity: re1>nes .A cruel man: wulf .Cruel, malevolent: bealuful, cealdheort°P, grammOd°, grimm, hetcgrimP, hygcgrim0 P, niJ>grimP, rel>e. rij>igg, rij>lic&, stercedferhi>P, stiJ>, supmOd, l>earlmOdP, unhiere, wriJ>, wulfheortP. wylfcn ..Equally cruel: efenrel>e0 _(Of Inanimate&) very bard, cruel: sliJ>hcard0 P, wzlflg°P .Bloodthirsty, cruel: blOdhJ'eowP, blOdig, blOdigtoJ>op, dcaj:>reow 0 P, heaj>ugrimP, heorugrimmP, wzllriow, wzllriowlic .Bitterly, cruelly: bitre, deofollrce, deore, hreowlrce, wzlhreowlice, WJ'il>e, wraplrce, yftc -Cruelly, sorely, grievously: hreowlrce, sire, sirlfce, swq,c, 1>rrstc •To be bloodthirsty: blOdgian

08.01.03.09.12 Pltileuness: unmiltsung .Merdleu, banb: irleas, hcardlic, unmilde0 , unmildheort .Unforgiving: unforgifcnde .Merdle§ly: heardlfce, unlrlfce .Inhumanely: unml!l>lfce .Unpityinaly: unmumlfceP

457

09 Speech, vocal utterance

9. Language and Communication 09 Speech, vocal utteranc:e.: cwiss°K, hleo)>orcwidcP, gemape1°, (ge)reord, (ge)spn!c, word, wordcwidc .Faculty of speaking: spn!c ..To have the faculty of speech: (ge)sprecan •Tbe voice: beafodw0 P, hleot>or, gereord, stefn, wordhleol>or P ..A well-modulated voice: rihtstefn° .Artkulation:clipung ..Articulate: rihtli1>1ic°K "8trong: gcscirpt .A vowel: clipiendc st&f, clipol, selfswcgend ..Vocalic: clipigendlic, clipol, stefnhlow 0 , swegendlic0 ..(Of vowels) open: open ..semi-vocalic: healfclypigendc .Consonantal: samodswcgendc0 ..(Of consonants) mute: dumb .Quantity: trma ..Long: lang, getogen "8hort: scon

See 02.05.10.15 Voice 09.01 To speak, aerdle faculty of speech: (ge)sprccan .Able to speak: wordclipindc0 , wordsprecendc .Utterable, that can be spoken: isecgendlic ..That should be spoken: gesprecendlic°K .With words, orally: wordes .Utterance, speaking: bodung, cwidcgiedd0 P, secge0 P, gesegen, gesegnes0 ..(Of articulate words) cry, clamour: bream .A speaker: mapelereK, mapeliend, secgend, wordliend°' .To speak, utter, say: lcwel>an, cwel>an, t~lan, tOscbdan, tol>um oncynan,

wrecan .To speak about, say, utter: isecgan, isingan, isprecan, becwq,an, besprecan, ~Ian, forlztan fo.pliit, hleol>rian, (ge)mzlan, (ge)1JlZnan, mapelian, onsendan, oncynan mutyweoloras, secgan, (ge)spellian, (ge)sprecan, l>ingian, ymbsprecan, geyppan ..To tum over, rebeane: wealcan ..To speak often of: drifan 09.01.01 A speech, what is said, words: (ge)sprzc, word, wordlic°K 458

09.01.02.03 Using dangerous speech .A dictum, remark, oll1e1 tatioa: spell .A •Jial, words: cwide, word. wordcwide .A pluue: foreset(ted)nes .A formula: formala0 , hlw .An Idiom: wise .A vene, 1e11tmce (of Bible): fers .A dilcoane: Ollle}>elcwideP. 1IU1eJ>elword0 P, spn!ce, tospntc .A Id speech: getyngnes .An Instructive t.lk: spell .A tbesls, proposition: betjnungs 09.01.02 Fluenq In 1peech: wordl$i. wo1> .To bunt forth In words: gespringan .Ready of1peech, eloquent: cwcdol, gearowyrde0 , gearowyrdigP, gespntce, gcucl, getyngc, (gc)tyng(c)lic, wordgleaw 0 P, wordsnotcr ..Ineloquent: ungctingc0 ' , ungctingful .Eloquently: on sp&l. getyngclrce .An ontor, public spnker: motcrc0 S, gcmotmannS, racicnd0 , recccrc, spcllboda, l>ylc See 08.01.03.09.01.03 Sharpness 09.01.02.01 Excessive ftuency, loquacity: fclaspntcoS, fclasp(r)ccolnes, fclawyrdncs0 , gylung't, mal>clung8, oferspntc, ofcrsprccolnes0 , sprccolncs0 , wordig gchlyd .An outpouring of words: worda gong .Loquadoas, gamdous: fclaspnke, fclasp(r)ccol, fclawyrdc0 , gylicndc, hlydigs, ofcrspnkc, ofcrspn:cen, ofersprccol, spl'Zcfu1°S, sprccuJ0 S, swi)>Spccendeq, tungful0 , tunggclaellc°', getyngc, wordful, wordig8 .Noisy, talk•tive: hliid, ma}>elig°' .To utter, pour forth (words, etc.): bealcan•, bealcettan, fort> forlittan, locettans, rocettan, (gc)sellan, (gc)sendan .SWy chatter: dolspntc°, wordlung ..Chattertns (:emptily): fclaidelspnkc0 , hlydcndc, pritolq, tolcettcndcS ..To chatter: gyrran, word indrifan See 06.01.05.03.02 Foolish 09.01.02.02 Dia:embllna speech: hlwspntc°S, twispl'Zc 09.01.02.03 Using dangerous speech: fr&:ncnspntccq 459

09.01 .03 To address, speak to

09.01.03 To address, speak to: gcant>ingian, (ge)gretan, gemltnsumian, (ge)ntegan, onmtelan°P, gentcan, gereccan, rihtan, (ge)sprecan, t>ing(i)an (ongean/wit>) •To invoke, call upon: (ge)cfegan, ingecigan, nemnan, togecigang •.An invocation, appeal: t0clypung 09.01.03.01 Interjections: Ob!: buf0 g, Cali, efne (nii), georstu .What, bowl: hii II, hw~t Ii, Ii hii 09.01.04 Convenadon, discussion: gerscipe0 P, mitt, (ge)mzt>el, motungg. onspr&c, samodspntc0 , gesegen, spellung, (ge)spntc, get>oftr!Men, wordlung, gewosa', ymb(e)spntc .A private conversation: sundorspntc .Conversation of an evenina: ltfenspntc0 P .Conversation on worldly matten: woruldspntc .One who convenes: (ge)sp(r)eca .To convene, talk, commune: (ge)spellian, (ge)sprecan, wit>sprecan, wit> t>ingian, wordlian, wordum wrixlan •To speak fonnally, discuss: (ge)gieddian .To have audience of: gretan 09.02 Silence, refraining from speech: swige, swigen, (ge)swigung .Silent: lttinge0 g, cwideleas .To keep silence, be(come) silent: idumbian, miit> beliican, gesugian, geswigan .Silently, not speaking: stillice .To silence, make silent: gestillan, geswig(i)an 09.02.01 Silent, taciturn: swige .Slow of speech; unhrzds~ 0

09.02.02 Dumbness, lack of speech: dumbnes .A dumb man: dumba .Dumb: dumb, spltcleas0 g, uncwet>ende, uncwisse0 , unsp(r)ecende .Not possessed of speech: uncwet>ende .(Of the 'bonds' of the tonaue) loosened: unslyped0 .To strike dumb: idumbian See 02.05.10.17.01 Dumb

09.02.03 lncllstinct speech: 460

09.03.02 Art of grammar

09.02.03.01 Murmur, whispering: hwestrung. reonung .To murmur, ape•k low: clum(m)ian, hwestrianS, J>wistrian° 09.02.03.02 Stammerina: stam, stamors .To stammer: ibyffanoS, stamerian, stammctan°S, wlzffian° .A st•mmerer: stamera8, wlzffetcrc0 S 09.02.03.03 Liapin&: wlisp .To lisp: ilwlyspian° 09.03 A language: leden, (ge)reord, (ge)sprl!c, tunge, l>Cod, geJ>Code, l>Codisc .To speak a language: gemenan .Bilinpal: twisprece .A foreign language: lttden 09.03.01 Particular laopapa: .The vernacular: folcisc -Vernacular: folclic .The English language: englisc -English: englisc .The Frankish/Frmcb language: frencisc _or FrankishlFrencb: frencisc .The Greek language: grecisc/gregisc

_or Greek: grecisc/gregisc

.In Hebrew: ebreisclicel .The Indian language: indisc -In lndwn: on indisc .The Irisb/Scots Gaelic language: scyttisc _or Irish/Sc:ots Gaelic: scyttisc .The Latin language: ll!den, ledengereord, ll!densprtic, ll!dengeJ>Code -Literary Latin: bOcll!den -A Latin word: ll!denword -Knowledge of Latin: ll!denlir _Of Latin: ll!den, ledenisc, ledenlic -In L8tin: h!denstzfum0 .A Scandinavian language (None): denisc

09.03.02 Art of grammar: grammatican crzft, grammaticcrzft0 • strefcrreft .Grammadcal: grammatic .A grammarian: grammaticere0 • suefwrrtere 461

09.03.02.01 A period, sentence 09.03.02.01 A period, sentence: clysung, cwide .Part of sentence/colon: cyrf, Jim, loc 09.03.02.02 Vocabulary: wordhordP, wordloca .A word: dzl, word ..A word form: clipung ..A compoancl: gesetnes

.Teclmical vocabalaey: cracttsprec 09.03.02.02.01 A part ofspeeo:b, form: emtsacendlic0 ..Adversatively: ongbnweardlfcc .Afllrmative: sel>ende .Completive/expletive: gefyllendlic .Debortative: forbeodendlic, mistihtendlic0 .Disjunctive: lscyrigendlic0 ..(Of adverbs) cliscretive, separating: syndrigendlic0 .Frequentative: gel6ml~ccnde .Intemive: istrgendlic0 .Jurative: swer(ig)endlic .Remisdve: ilslacigendlic0 09.03.02.02.01.04 Adjectival: t6geiecendlic 09.03.02.02.01.05 Minor parts of speech, etc.: .A conjUDction: gefCg(ed)nes, tcgnes, gel>Codnes 462

()C).03.02.03.01.01.03 Gender -CoaJuactive: l>&>dendlic .Demonstrative: aetjwigendlic, ewigendlic0 .An Interjection: betwuxilegednes0 , betwuxiworpennes0 .A preposition: foresetnes ..Imeparable: gespn!celic° ..Plepositive: foresettendlic0 .A relative: stefn -Relative: edlesendlic, geancirrendlic0 , ongeancyrrendlic0 .A g1Msed particle: eaca

09.03.02.03 Compoeition (lnlectional or compou.nding): leging, trging0 .Prlmltlve:frumcenned .Derivative: ofcumende, ofgangende, ofgangendlic .Unbound, free: ungebunden .Diminutive: waniendlic

09.03.02.03.01 Acddence: gelimp .Pert•lnlna to acddence: gelimplic 09.03.02.03.01.01 Declension: declinung .Subject to hdlectlon: ihildendlic0 , declinigendlic .Infkctional: gebigendlic° .Incledlnable: ungebigendlic, undeclinigendlic .To cledine: ihildan, (ge)biegan, cisum niman, declinian, macian

09.03.02.03.01.01.01 Cate: gebigednes, cisus, gcendung, fiell .Nominative: nemni(g)endlic° .Vocative: gecigendlic, clipigendlic, t6clypigendlic0 .Accusative: ~gendlic0 .Poaznive: geigniendlic, gestrienendlic .Dative: forgifendlic .Ablative: aetlridendlic0 , st6wlic ..In ca•: gehiwodlice

09.03.02.03.01.01.02 Number: getael .Plunl: manigfeald .Collective: gadrigendlic0 Jn tbe ainauJar: infealdlice Jn tbe plural: manigfealdlfce

09.03.02.03.01.01.03 Gender: cynn 463

09.03.02.03.01 .01.04 Person .Masculine: wer .FemlnlM: wjf -Feminine: wiftic .Neuter: nihwie}>er

09.03.02.03.01.01.64 Penoa: bid 09.03.02.03.01.01.05 Comparative: wi}>meten(d)lic .Superlative: oferstfgendlic 09.03.02.03.01.01.06 Relation: edlesung 09.03.02.03.01.02 A ~option: gel>Codnes .Anomalous, ia aegular: unefn .Defective: ltCor(ig)endlic -To be defective: iteorian

09.03.02.03.01.02.01 Mood: gemet .Indicative: bicn(ig)endlic .Interrogative: asciendlic .Subjunctive: under~en(d)lic .Optative: gewyscendlic .Imperative: beb&>dendlic 09.03.02.03.01.02.02 Voice: .Active: d&dlic .Passive: }>rOwendlic 09.03.02.03.01.02.03 Tense: tid .Of/concendng time: tidlic _Of the present: andwerd -Of the future: towe(a)rd .Past teme: forJ>gewiten tid, for}>gewiten tima See 05.11.07 Relative time

09.03.02.03.01.02.04 Aspect: .Perfect: fullfremed ..(Of action) completed: fullfremedlice, fullice .Imperfect: unfulfremed .Incboative: onginnendlic0 09.03.02.04 A lllp of the tongue, solecism: islidung°8, uncyst 464

09.03.04.02.01 A figure .Faulty, ungnmmatical: leahtorlic, miscweden .To be n'«• •mmatleal: misbeodan .A IJ'IUDllUltleal fault: st&fteahtor°'

09.03.03 A psture, action, psticulatioa: anginn .Gesture, sip, movement oprr r1lq mr•nlna: gebeacen, ticen .A significant gesture, sign or feeling: ticnung .A quick movement, gesture: plega ..Stretchina out, extending (ofhaNl1, etc.): nking .To point to an object, make a sip: (ge)blcn(i)an wTo point out: gebicn(i)an wTo enquire by sips: gebicn(i)an To make a sip, beckon: (ge)~nian To indicate, make a gesture, beckon: cwacian To make an indlnation with, motion, sip: lliltan wTo reach out, extend (the hands): (ge)ntcan To wave, gesticulate: wafian To wink, make a lip: wincian wTo bow,gaeet, pay rerpects: lliltan M

M

M

M

M

09.03.04 Rhetoric, art of expositioa: racu, getingcreftoS, pylcneftg .Uaer or rhetoric, rbetoridan: hl~J>ere g, getynge, wordslwere .Rhetorical: getynge, getyngelic .Repetition: getwinnes0 •To bandle, put together: styrian .To pat into words, say: (ge)wurdlian .To compose, Mt (words together) pao:efully: glengan 0

09.03.04.01 Mode of speech: spi:ceheow°', spri:ccynn° .Style, cboice: spntc, word Written style: gesetnes ..Literary: stzft ic .8tnM of lan&uaae: cyste ..A ftttlna word: cyneword°P .To write in good style: gelOgian M

09.03.04.02 (Oflaquqe) embellished: gehtwod .To embellish: gccyrtenli:cang 09.03.04.02.01 A figure: g~nung, (ge)bicnung, bisen, geflgednes, giedd, onlicnes, gesetnes, (ge)ticnung

465

09.03.04.02.02 Eloquence, elegance in language .A mystery, aUecory: (ge)rYne

.Allecorical, ftguradve: (ge)bicn(ig)cndlic, gehrwed, gehrwendlic, hrwlic, geryn(e)lic, ticni(g)endlic, ~wlic .Allecorically, Bguradvely: mttgwlitliceoS, geticnigendlice, l>urh geticnunge .To symbolize, be a figure of: (ge)ticnian .To express Bguradvely: gebfcn(i)an, bisenian, (ge)ticnian .Irony: hrwung 09.03.04.02.02 Eloquence, eJepnce in languaae: burhsp!'Edl, giedd, glcawnes, sprite, getyngnes, wordazftP, gewyrdelicnesoS,

gewyrdigness .Elepnt, choice: gecorenlidl .EJepnt, smooth: smCJ>e, smicer .Beauty/elepnce (or languaae): faegemes, smicemes0 S' getyngnes .EJepndy: faegere, (ge)glengendliceS, gewyrdelice .Fair, plausible: faeger .Honeyed, mellifluous: hunigbltreS, swetwyrdeS .Fair-spoken, or pleannt speech: swltswyrde0 S .Magniloquent: swi}>sprecots .Noble discoune: rihtspell0 , l>r)il>word0 P .Powerful speech: ellenspntc0 P 09.03.04.03 Plaln, simple: infeald, forpriht, hil, nacod, gerltde

.Simply, without om•ment: infealdlice, forprihte, leohtlice .Literal: staeftic .Pedestrian, low-style: fOtlic See 07.10.03.01 Unadorned 09.03.04.04 Discunivenc11: widgilncs .Verl>oslty, copiousness ol Sf*cb: gewyrd

.Roundabout: ymbsprecende .Compendiously: imctendliceS .Poured forth, profme: forplgoten 09.03.04.05 To pat briefty: hradian

.Shortly, in brief: inunga, cnotnu!lumoS, hwonlice, scortlice .Briefty, na11owiy: nearolice •To shorten, abbreviate: gescyrtan 09.03.05 Art or poetry: Ieot>cncft. sangcrzft, scopcra:ft0 , wot>cncftP .Art/gift of 90ng: wOt>cncftP. wOl>gifu0 P

09.03.06 Prose

..Skill in slnglnafcomposltioa: gereordgleawnes0 S .To compose poeby: findan -To compose verse, narrate: singan -To recite, sing, compose a poem about: gieddian, gliwian, (ge)singan .An ontor, singer, poet: wbora

..Singer, poet, mlnstael: gliwman ..An evenln1 sia&er: l!fensceop0 P ..A poet: lfJ>wyrbta, sangere, scop 09.03.05.01 Poetical ~: g1Iwword0 P, scopgereord

.Poetic: scoplic' 09.03.05.01.01 Poeby: lfol>weorcoS, lfol>word0 P .Lay,IODg, poem: fitt, galdor, giedd, gieddung, hlfol>orcwideP, leol>,

leot>C:wide0 , leoJ>giddingP, sang, scoplfol> ..song of biumpb: sigeleoJ>P ..A dlrae, eleat: sorglfJ>P, wOplfol>', wordgydd0 P ..A contempdble poem: bismerlfJ>S - Vene of doubtful attribudon: lfol>wrenc0 _(Of poetry) heroic: gielphl~en°P, swi)>swlgeS .Poetic, vnfled, rb)'thmical: lfol>lic, lfoJ>wis, scoplicS -In vease, rbytbmlcally: on lfJ>wfsan See 18.02.07.01 Song 09.03.05.01.02 Art of vene composldon: leoJ>cr&ft. metercrzft0

.Venfftcadon: meter .Poetical venlon, verse: lfI>, ~geweorc0

.A metrist, poet: !MterwyrhtaoS .Measure, mebe: gemetu .A vene of poetry: fers ..A bemisticb: healffersoS, healfgemet°' .Reladn1 to metre: ~undl ..Metrical: metcund°S, metcundlicoS, IMterlic .To compose in verse, venif)': isingan, fersian°, singan .Vene dependlna on number of feet: getelfersS -Of so many feet: fiffCtede&, sixtete -Haameterverse:meterl'ers -Coa aect bexameter verse: rihtrMterfers0 09.03.06 Proee: infeald gerecednes, geride spntc

467

09.03.07 Writing

09.03.07 Writing: iwritS, riin, (ge)writ, writing°S .A line, stroke of a pen: line, mearc, mearca, strica .A mark, character, sign, letter: mearc, mearcung, not .Formation of letters in writing: sticfgefCg .Written symbols, writing: sticfntw, stafas, gewrit .To form with a pen-stroke: (ge)mearcian, gestrican .To write, form letters: (ge)writan .Half-written: bealfgewriten°' .Written afterwards: efterwriten°

See 17.02.05.06 Painting

09.03.07.01 A written character, letter: bOcst&f, sticf .An alphabet: ~. sticfntw, staefrOfoS .Letter names: ell, em0 , ess, i, u

09.03.07.01.01 A runic letter: riin, riinstzf .Rone names: ic, esc, beorc, cen, cweoq,, deg, ear, eoh. eoh, eolbsecg, el>el. feoh, gear, giefu, hagul, ing, Ior, Is, lagu, mann, nied, Os, peoq,, rid, sigel, tir, tiw, t>om, iir, wynn, yr

09.03.07.01.02 A word: word .A syllable: sticfgeteg .A cligraph: sticfgeteg

09.03.07.01.02.01 Handwriting, autograph, signature: handseten, handgewrit .Holograph: eallwriten .To subscribe, sign: underwn"lan° .A mark as signature: mearc ..A cross as a mark: cristes ml!I

09.03.07.02 To make a mistake in writing: miswritan .Misuse of letter L: elleahtor°' .Misuse of letter M: emleahtor0 S .To supply a missing letter: underhlystan ..Supplying a mlaing letter: underhlystung0

09.03.07.03 A scribe, copyist: mearcereS , notereS, notwritere0 g, (ge )writere .One who writes cot aectly: rihtwn'lereS "One who writes inco11ectly: unwnlere .A (Jewish) scribe: bOcere 468

09.03.07.06.01 A writing instrument .A resident scribe: inwn'"terc' .A clerical scribe: cleric

09.03.07.04 To make a symbol, mark: iwrftan .To place a marlt above, superscribe: gett'"telian ..Marked above, superscribed: gett'"telod .To mark: gebicn(i)an, toscirian -Having a mark, marked: gemearcod, genotod _Indicative: gebicn(ig)end, bicnol 0 i -To mark with a dot: geprician 09.03.07.04.01 To punctuate, divide: tOdelan .To mark with a point: geprician, pyngan .(Of punctuation) to place, mark: imearcian, (ge)mearcian .A stop, point: prica .A mark, stroke: gierd •.A mark that divides: tOdal .A long virgula: lang gyrd .A cUacritk:: accent, suef 09.03.07.04.02 A diagram: gefeg .To draw a figure: wn'"tan 09.03.07.04.02.01 Marking out, disposition of materials: (ge)mearcung .A prick/point to guJde niling: prica ••To mark out by pricking, prick: ipryccan .To give prominence by marking with point(s): geprician 09.03.07.05 To cover with writina, inscribe: awn'"tan, bewritan .To write out/write down: iwn'"tan .To transcribe, copy: iwritan .An inscription: inawritting0 i, inwrittung°', onmearca0 i, onmearcung0 i -An inscription (on a coin): onwn'"tung -A superscription: ofermearcung', oferwrit, oferwriten°i , ufanmearcung0 i 09.03.07.06 Writing materials: 09.03.07.06.01 A writing instrument: .A pen: feJ>cr, pinn, wn'"tingfeJ>cri, writseax°' -A knife (for renewing the point): brediseml, writisen° .A stylus: grzf, writingisen°, writiren°

469

09.03.07.06.02 Ink .A reed: hrCod .A sharp point (for supplYlna ltopllpolnta): price! 09.03.07.06.02 Ink: atnun&, ~telg°P, blec, b6cblcc0 .As 'meful drop': speddropaOP .(Of ink) with black tracks: sweartlist°P .An inkhorn: blaechom .Red colour for illumination: b6c:readl, t!afor .Leaf for decoration: l!af 09.03.07.06.03 A ruler. rcgol, regolsticca .To draw lhw with a ruler: rcgolian 09.03.07.06.04 A writia&·tabld: bred, tabule, weaxbred, writbred .Tablet to be carried: gyrdelbred0 1 .A slate: tigel(e) 09.03.07.06.05 hpyrus: paper 0 1 09.03.07.06.06 Membrane, vellum: bOCfell, carte, hyrd 0 .A piece of vellum: cliit .A saoll, leaf of vellum: ym(e)le .A folded sheet: boga ..A quarto sheet: cine, cwaternl ..A quaternio, quire: cine 09.03.07.07 A book: bOc, gefalden bOc .A leaf, page: l!af, tramet ..Pases of a book: bee .Astel (?polnterlboard, etc.): aestel .Board of a book cover. bred, hl!obord0 P, spelt .Adhesive: &glfmog .To bind a book: gel>ryn, wr!on ..To cover, bind (a book): (ge)beldan See 06.01.06.02.03.03.01 Read

09.03.07.07.01 A library, collection of books: b0cgesamnung0 1 , b0Cgestr!on° .A 1eceptade for books: bOcciste, OOcfMderq, bOchordl .A chest of books for sale: bOccest .A library where boob are kept: biblio}>&:e, bOchilsl

470

09.03.07.07.03.01 A description, writing down .To furniab with boob: gebOcian

09.03.07.07.02 A written work, book, treati9e: bOc, (ge)diht, gesetnes, gewrit .A kind of book: b0ccynn° .Autboritadve books: gewrit .A Latin book: lltdenbOc .A bandbook, manual: handbOc .A biography: lif

09.03.07.07.02.01 A main division: bOc, h!afodcwide .A secondary division: undert0dll0 .A division, lectlo: capitol 09.03.07.07.02.01.01 A beadl.., title, supencripdon: forweardmearcung0 g, ofergewrit, tRul°' .A giving of dtles or hewllnp: ll"lelung& .A dtle, chapter headJna: forccwide, foremearcungll, hcafodweard, mearcung ..Divided into chapters: gecapitulod ..Without chapter beadinp: uncapitulod0 09.03.07.07.02.01.02 A prolope, preface: forenm0 , foreszgdness, foresagal!, frespl'Zc, foreweard, geforewrit0 , prologa0 , t>urhl0cung°g .Flnt wonts of a discoane: frumspnk 09.03.07.fY7.02.01.03 Contents so far: forespm: 09.03.07.07.02.01.04 A pamge in a book: stow, traht, gewrit .A condudi. . paSMp: geendung ~ epilope: endespl!c0 S 09.03.07.07.02.01.0S Additional material, sequel:

~fterfylgednes0 ,

eaca

09.03.07.07.03 Composidon,amu11anent, wridna: (ge)diht .Argument: ~tywnes .To ptber literary material, compile: gadrian, samnian .To compose: idihtian°P, iwrilan, (ge)dihtan, (ge)settan, trahtian, wrftan,

gewyrcan ..To write, compose, draw up: efenwn-ian°s, tO!wn-ian°g

09.03.07.07.03.01 A description, wrid-. down: towritennes 471

09.03.07.07.03.02 To write, state/say in writing .Sbe, extent, lenath (of narrative): gesetnes "(Of a story, letter, etc.) progress, coune: forpgang .To write about/of: iwritan (be/of), t6wrflan, wn'lan be/ymbe .To write out a narrative: gesceadan .To revise what is written: sceawian

09.03.07.07.03.02 To write, state/say in writing: iwritan, secgan, wnlall .To record, set down In writlng: ifa:stnian, (ge)mearcian, gemunan "To put down an ordered account: logian "To record u agreed: wn'lan .A record, mention: gemynd .Unwritten, UDJ'eCOnled: uniwriten, ungewritens, unwriten 09.03.07.07.03.02.01 An epitome, short account: scortnes, scyrting0 .(Of namative) condensed: scort .To epitomize: gebr!fan .To excerpt: llesan (of), itwiccian 09.03.07.07.03.02.02 A letter: zrendgewrit, carte, epistol(a), pistol, stafas, gewrit .To write to a penon: iwritan, wn'lan 09.03.07.07.03.03 A writer, author: wrftere .An author, writer, historian: scop .A writer on ancient history: ealdwn"lere0 s .An historian, a chronider: cranicwritere0 S, sta:fteornere!, strerleornere!, s~rtractere S, s~rwritere, (ge)wyrdwrftere ..A chronop'&pber, annalist: tidscriptor 0 S, tidwritere! .An authority: regolweard 0

09.03.07.07.03.04 Chronide, annals, history: cranic .Historical: gewyrdelic .Historically: gewyrdelice .5ecular writings: woruldgewritu See 09.06.01.01 Tradition

09.03.07.07.03.04.01 A document, deed: carte, sweotolung, gewrit .In one's own band: handgewrit .Original: frym~lic .An exact record: gewiss, gewrit See 14.04.01 Deed

472

09.04.02.01 A secret, mystery 09.03.07.07.03.04.02 A nghter, catalogue: gettel .A register, catalogue, book: bOc, wrsb0c0 P ..A register of names: namb6c0 g -On a tablet: nambredog -To record/Inscribe names: iwrftan See 09.06.02.01.07 Name

09.04 Ser-, PUJl")rt, meanin1: andgiet, ingehygd, ongietenes .Signlftcation, meanina (of words): (ge)ticnung .To signify: behealdan, betAcnian, (ge)~nan, secgan, swegan, getllcnian •To intend to convey: ~nan 09.04.01 Slpal, siplllng: bfcnung, ticen, getacnung .A sip, token, portent, etc.: beacen .A token, sign, emblem: beh1>0 P, ticen .A stin, mark, token: mircels, segn .A token, sip, significant form: ticen ..A sign of peace: fril>obeacen°P, fril>oticn°P ..A sign of victory: sigeticen, sigortAcen°P .A sip, indication, symptom, mark: mearc, ticen, ticnung .A marking, mark, distinguishing sign: gllawnes, mearc, mearcung, gemierce, mircels, ticen, ticnung .To be shown/indicated: geticni(g)endlic .Marked, branded, sca11ed: gemearcod .To show, indicate, signify: gebeacnian, matnan, gesweotolian, (ge)ticnian, tatcan •To make a mark on: (ge)mearcian, (ge )ticnian .To mark out, distinguish: amearcian, geticnian

See 12.02.01.01 Stamp

09.04.02 Depth of meanln1, mystery: deopnes .A mystic meaning: geryne .Mystical: (ge)rynlic 09.04.02.01 A secret, mystery: diegolnes, riin, (ge)ryne .A mystery, somethin1 beyond comprehension: geryne ..A cunning mystery: searoriin°P .A dark sayin1, enip1a: gieddung, r&dels, wordgeryneP .Inscnitable, incomprehensible: unasmeagendlic, unaspyriendlic, unbefangenlic, unbefOndlicq, unbegrfpendlic .Mysterious: diegolfulop

473

09.04.02.02 Dubiety, ambiguity .Arcane, abstruse, dark: deon:, dregol .(Of thinp) mysterious, IJDl'evaling: ungewiss .(Of feelings) impervious, impenetrable: ungeRre .Hard to get knowledge of, secret: dregol .In secret, mysteriously: diegle, gerynclrce •To set/pose a riddle: bettan ntdels .To rad (riddle, dft.8m, etc.): lr~dan, onwreon, r~dan. geseon -To rad wrongly: misntdan See 02.05.09.13 lnvisible; 06.01.06.04.01 Unknown; 09.05.04 Secret

09.04.02.02 Dubiety, ambiguity: twenung .Ambiguous: twelic, twiwyrdig .Ambiguously: tweolrce 09.04.03 Exposition, making dear by explanation: etywnes, (ge)sweotolung .An explanation: gerecednes .Esplanation, interpretation: intrahtnung0 S, onwrigennes, racu, gerec, reccenes, gerecednes ..An interpretation: bodung, dOm, n!dels, scimes0 S, smea(g)ung, sweotolung ..An explanation, definition: sweotolung, getimbrung .Key, answer, solution: ettg, M5ele0 P .Giving mental illumination: leht .Explained, elucidated: ismCad .Oearly, certainly, well: cill>lfce, gearolice, gearwe -Very well: forgeare0 , fulgearc, fullgeome •To explain, expound: ireccan, itellan, fulfealdan°, ofertrahtnian°, oferyman, geopenian, (ge)reccan, gerecenian, gesceadan, gesecgan, togesceadan, (ge)traht(n)ian, unfealdan, unliesan -To give explanations about: geopenian, trahtnian be .To make distinct, make dear: isceadan, iscyran, gerihtan, (ge)sweotolian, tosceadan .To define: imearcian, gefestan .To invatipte,explain, make dear: gecneatianS .To unravel/solve: reccan 09.04.03.01 A tramlation: foresagaS, geJ>Code, gelJCodnes .A tramlator: becwet>erc0 g, l>Cdend, wealhstod, weallstaj>ol 0 , wendereS

474

09.05.01 Inspection, examination .To tn""•te: ireccan, iwendan, gecierran, gehwierfan, oferledan, reccan, getraht(n)ian, g~. (ge)wendan

09.04.03.02 GloeRna; gl&ingO .To gloa: gles&n° .To write gl011Ses over: ofergles&n°1 09.04.03.03 A commentary, ezpollitioa: crzftbOcoS, traht, trahtaJ>I, trahtbOc, traht(n)ung . .A commmtator, laterpreter: becwcJ>ereoS, bicn(ig)end, lalimcr 0 1, reccere, rihtraciend, traht(n)ere, wealbstod .To sunouacl/funUsb (with words/commentary): bef'On 09.05 Curiosity: fyrwit, fyrwitgeomes, fyrwitnes .Curious, laquisidve: fyrwit, fyrwitgeom ,.L.isteidag, eavesdropping: hlosniende .Jacurious: unfricgende0 P .To be curious, wonder: frymdig ~n/wesan

Set 06.01.06 Knowledge 09.05.01 Iaspectioa, ez•mlaatioa: onbesceawungOI, scriitnung, smca(g)ung .Study, aan:lul ez•ml1111doa: (ge)cneordnes ..Over-exhaustive study: ofersmcaung .A searcher, examlaer, lavesdptor: fiscere, sceawere, scriidnere0 ' smeagend, spyrigend ..An lavestiptor: ispyrgend .(Of enquiry, etc.) searchlna, penebadftl: smCalic .To be sought out: isecendlic°I .That should be re-ex•mlned: geedyppoloS

.8earchingly, aarefully, D1UTOwiy: smeatrce .To ez•miae tborougbly,search, sift: iJ:reddanP, geondsecan, geondsmcagan, reodian, scrtltnian, (ge)sm!a(ga)n, J>urhsm!agan, undersecan, windwian ..To ez•miae la detail: t6smcagan° .To go through, ex•mioe: t>urh.scrfl>an, l>urhs&:an°', J>urhsmilgan .To enquire (into), comicler, lavesdpte: efterspyrian, iscriltnian, ispyrian, iswaJ>ian°', besceawian, geondseon°P, l&:ian, spyrian, geswet>ian°1, treddanP .To explore, lay open, search out: ismcag(i)an, risian°P See 11.03.01 Experiment

475

09.05.02 A question, inquiry, questioning 09.0S.02 A question, inquiry, questionln&: (ge)itsce, (ge)i.scung, befiinung8,fra!gning,frisung.~gen,(ge)frignes,frignung,s0cn

.Inquiry, inquisition, investigation: cneatungK, spyrung8 .A question, case to be explained: spn!c .Ao inter1vgator: frisende .Unasked: unibeden, ungeixod0 .To ask, question: (ge)iscian, befrignan, (ge)fra!gn(i)anK, (ge)frignan, infrignan°K .To ask about, enquire: (ge)iscian, gefrigian°K, (ge)frisian, (ge)fricgan, (ge)frignan ••Exhaustively: t>urhfrignan°K •To investiga~ question: secan .To question, intel'l'Olate: befrignan (be/of/ymbe) .To seek to know, enquire (about): (ge)cunnian, (ge)fandian, (ge)spyrian a=fter •To search out, find out by enquiry: neosian .To seek to be told: secan on miit>e .To ask for, inquire for: (ge)iscian .To ask, demand to be told: iscian 09.0S.03 Ao answer, reply: andcwiss0 P, andswaru, andwyrde, gegncwideP .In reply to, as a reply: ongean, t6wit>ereP .To amwer, reply: igiefan andsware, (ge)andswarian, (ge)andwyrdan, oncwet>an, wit>cwet>an, wit>gynan° .To respond, answer: acwet>an, oncwet>an .To retum/give an answer: secgan andsware .To make a response: andsware (ge)sellan, cwide oncwet>an 09.0S.04 A secret: behydnes0 , diegol, dieme .A secret of the heart: hygeriin°P .A secret of approaching slaughter: wzlriin°P .8ecret, bidden: beholen, diegle, diegollic, dieme, dimlic, dymlic, forholen, onh~leP, geryn(e)lic ..Hidden, covered up: iheled0 8, dieme, forheledK .Clandestine: dieme .Suppressed (not mentioned): forswiged .8ecredy: diegle, (ge)diegollice, dymlice, fzste ..Io secret: diegollice, on diglum .Clandestinely: dearnunga 476

09.0S.OS Exposure, revealing, revelation .To conceal, keep secret: bed!aglian, bediglian, (ge)dicman, (ge)hclan, gchydan .To be silent about: forhabban, forswigian, gchealdan, helan, (ge)swigan, (ge)swigian -To keep one's cou.asel: rune healdan See 09.04.02.01 Mystery 09.05.04.01 Concealment, obecurity: diegol .Cover, concealment: helm, scCal .Covering (that conceals): hrof .A bldln1·place, place of concealment: bediglings, bchydedncss, diegolnes,

hcolstor, hydels, indiegelncs°', ~storcofaP ..A corner, secret place: hal, healh, ncaru, smuggeq, ~urhfa:r S ..A lair, den: (ge)bedclcofa, inclcofe ..A den, hide-out of thieves: gcscraef, ~fa cot, l>Cofdenn° .Hidden, sea et: dimm ..Dark, secret, Ml of biding-places: heolstrig' - Hidden away: tOgcd~glcd°' .To bide, conceal: adeaglian°', ihwierfan, ihydan, bedyrnan, bchclan, bchelian, bchydan, bcml)>an, bcwiWn, (ge)dTegl(i)an, (ge)dieman, forhclan, forhydan, (ge)hclan, (ge)hclian, (ge)hydan, mi~gian° , ofcrhelian, getynan. ):>eccan, wreon -To bide, conceal oneself: gchclan, (ge)hydan -To bide, conceal from: bedydrian .. . wi~, (ge)helan wi~/fram, o~hydan° .To sene as a covering, conceal: wr&>n -To ICl"eeD, cover (a thief): forlicgan -To acreen: ymbscuwans .To He bidden: becreopan, bediglian, licgan, nupan .To seclude, make private: gcdieglian See 05.10.05.04.12 Cover 0

09.05.05 EspolUl"e, revealing, revelation: iwrigenncs, onwrigenncs,

opennes,openung,unwrigcdncs0 S .Manifesting, revealing, disclosing: ontj~igP .To disclose, reveal: iwr&>n, iyppin°', onlQcan, unwreon, geyppan .To disclose, bring to light: abzran°P, iberan .To disclose, di1COver, reveal: lbarian .To uncover, reveal: unhelian° .To discover, reveal, make evident: gcswcotolian .To show, display, not conceal: onwiWn

477

•

09.05.05.01 Showing, manifestation, display .To display (sometbfna bad), expose: onwreon .To reveal, expose, betray: geyppan .To bring forward, send forth, make known: forl>benm, forl>yppanl, lecgan beforan, ge~. (ge)wr~rsian, geyppan See 05.10.05.04.13 Uncover 09.05.05.01 Showing, manifestation, display: ztywednes, zcywnes, sweotolung, ypping .Showin1, disclosure: eawdnesq .Openness, manifestness: eawiscnes' .Openness, publicity: opennes .Plain, manifest, open, displayed: andgete0 P, eawisclic, open, gesrene, sweotol .Made manifest, revealed, disclosed: iscyled', unwrigen, gewr~rsod. yppe .Brouabt to Upt, revealed, dlsoovered: l!bl!re, l!rCafe0 , undieme, unwrigen .Broupt to lipt, patent, evident: open .Evident, well known, manifest: orcnl!weP, orgyte, undieme .Oear as daylipt, perfectly known: degci1J>0 P .Not secret, public: undieme, undigle0 .Open, public: bzrlicl, folclic, gemitnelic, openlic, undieme .(Of Juqement day) with aothln1 concealed: open .Oearly, plainly, openly: ciiJ>e, ciiJ>lice, eawiscirce, eawunga, inion eawunge, gescCadwislrce, gesiene, sweotole, sweotollrce ..Openly, without colK"ftllment: unbehelendlice0 , undeamunga, undeogollice, undieme ..Openly, publicly: bzrlicel, sweotollrce .Plainly, without obstruction, dearly: riime .Very plainly: forsweotole0 .Without concealment, without nKrve: openlrce, sweotole .Boldly, dearly, plainly: orpedlrce0 .Openly, unashamedly: on l!wiscnesse .To make known, manifest, reveal, sbow: acyJ>an, ztrewan, (ge)cyJ>an, foresittan, foflx:yl>an', gesweotolian, (ge)tl!can, (ge)tecnan, (ge)teon (for)>), (ge)yppan .To disclose, reveal, manifest: oncynan, (ge)openian, unwreon .To make known, reveal, disclose: ameldian .To indicate, show, make known: (ge)bfcn(i)an, (ge)ticnian, tobrcnan°g .To show, make dear: torhtian°1 .To show forth, reveal, discover: onwreon

478

09.06.02 A saying, speech, statement .To show, display, exhibit: a:tberan, gedOn forp, giefan, (ge)iewan, on eage beran, onywan, oJ>iewan, (ge)sceawian .To become manifest, be dkdo1ed: (ge)openian, sweotolian .To appear openly: on tiin gin See 02.05.09.12 Show; 06.01.05.01.01 Clear; 11.03.01.01.01 Proof 09.06 To take matter for disc:oune: ton on, ton to .To deal with, beat, dhcu11 a subject: ihrepian°, itrahtnian, ton ymb, gretan, (ge)handlian, (ge)hrepian (ymbe), trahtnian belymbe -To raise, introduce (a topic): iipnran .A matter/topic for speech, dilcuslioo, etc.: sprl!c, J>ing ..A tat: gaderung, traht, gewef ..Ao argument: insiht 09.06.01 To relate, recount, tell: ireccan, anman, isecgan (ymbe), itellan, iwrecan, forecweJ>an, (ge)secgan, (ge)tellan, wordum heron .To narrate, set out: geendebyrd(i)an .A narrative, story, account: bfspell, edcwide0 g , lirspell, racu, reccing0 , (ge)rece(d)nes, (ge)sagu, gesegen, spell, spellung, suer, geta:l, talu, word ..A narrative, series of statements: endebyrdnes .A first account: frurnspellun~ .A tnJe account, tale: s0J>gieddP .A similitude, parable: bisen, gieddung, gelic, ongelicness .A fable, fal,.../loolish story: hfwung, spellung .A tale of woe: inwitspe11°P 09.06.01.01 A tradition, ordioaoce handed clown: geset(ed)nes .Ao old story, ancient tradition: ealdgesegen°P, ealdspell, fymsa:gen°P .History, an historical narrative: istoria. lir, gerecednes, soJ>sagu, soJ>spell, spell, spellcwide0 See 09.03.07.07.03.04 History 09.06.01.02 A ayia&, aw, proverb, maxim: bicwide, biword, biwyrde, cwide, ealdspntc°, folccwide0 , foregiedd°S, giedd, sagu, soJ>cwide, word .A sayioa, clin11m, oracle: diht, heafodcwide, geset(ed)nes ..Ao old saying: aldgeddung°S ..A tnJe saying: sJ>s~og •Wile sayiop, aws: getyngnes 09.06.02 A sayioa, 1~h, statement: sagu

479

09.06.02.0 l To tell, make known, declare, relate, announce .A declaration, IDdmatlon, report: forpspeU 0 P .An account, ordered lpft'C'h: gedad .A making known, telling, narration: cYl>ing° .To say, state: (ge)cwet>an, cwiddian, gereccan .To express: gel>ryccan, gel>ryn -To express (thanks): cunnan .To open the mind, speak, disclose thoughts: onspannan .To make an incomplete statement: cyJ>an be dzle .To penist In a statement: geedhtcan, willan habban .To put words In another's mouth: settan on miil>e

09.06.02.01 To tell, make known, declare, relate, announce: ibeodan, inemnan, becwet>an, bereccan, (ge)cennan, gecniwan, cweJ>an, deman, (ge)meld(i)an, (ge)reccan, scfran, (ge)secgan, (ge)tellan, gewrtegian .To announce loudly, declare: geclipian -To call out: icleopian - To declare dearly: (ge)sweotolian .To make known, disclose, reveal: Ameldian, bemeldian°, (ge)openian .To make known, tell forth beforehand: forecyl>an .To blab, let out: miiJ>ettan° 09.06.02.01.01 To make known, cause to know, inform: don to witanne, (ge)wissian .To communicate, impart, convey: gerru!nsumian, wegan .To give information, inform: lmeldian, gewiterian° •To give information about: (ge)cyl>an .To give a full account of: fullsecgan (be) .To ofrer for consideration: giefan .To advocate: ~rendian .To make mention of: gemyndgian, gemynegian ••To mention by name, mention: (ge)namian, (ge)nemnan .A sayer, informant: secga0

-A tale-bearer: wroht .A narrator, informer, announcer: melda

See 05.11.07.03.02.02 Aforesaid

09.06.02.01.02 Not said, undeclared, unsaid: ungecyd0 , un.dd 09.06.02.01.03 Recapitulation: edspellung°S, eftspellung0 S .To repeat: ~ftercwet>an, (ge)edlZC8n, eftgian, ofercwel>an

480

09.06.02.01 .06 A message, announcement by a messenger 09.06.02.01.04 A coafeaioa, dedaradon: andetla0 .A coafesslon, profeaion: andettung .A declaration: gecwedoS, m4tre .Confeaion of splendour: wliteandd°P .To confess, admit, dedare, make known: (ge)andettan, geanwyrde beon/wesan, begin, (ge)secgan, gewitnian° .To acknowledge, make acknowledgement of: oncniwan .Tbat confessu/acknowledges (a charge, sin): gecnl!we .To denounce, betray, Inform aplnst: imeldian See 16.02.04.07.02 Confession 09.06.02.01.05 Prod•mation, spreading abroad: wfdml!rsung0 .A prodamadon: meld°P .A proclamation, manifesto: gebann .To proclaim, announce, etc.: lbeodan, ibodian°g, bebeodan, gebeodan, (ge)bodian, (ge)cyJ>an, forebodian, foreclipiang, foresecgan, fofl>secgang, fmlbeorhtian°g, freabodianoS, fullcyl>an°, l&ran, meld(i)an, oncyl>an°, iit cyJ>an, iit m4tran, wlman -To announce, tell, proclaim, send word: onbeodan .A summoner: bannend .Proclaimed: inboden°g .Made public: l!wiscod0 g .Trumpeted forth: forgolpen° .(Of speech) open: open .Publicly: openlice .A place ofprod•mation: spellstow 0 ..A house-top: hrof 09.06.02.01.05.01 To spreed, m•ke known, proclaim, celebrate: (ge)br&dan, brlman, (ge)m&ran, (ge)mzrsian, geopenian, (ge)widmzr(i)an, (ge)widmzrsian .To spreed quickly: ieman .A making known, report, nunour: mtersung .Report, rumour, fame, talk of a paaoa: hlisa, hlyd, sprite 09.06.02.01.06 A me1sa1e, announcement by a m•srenger: zrendsprl!c0 P , bod, bodung, lie, sand, spell, word .To send a message/meaenger: (ge)sendan (acfter, to) .A message, written me111a1e: erendb&:, l!rendgewrit .Message taken by a mounted m•n: ridstefn° 481

09.06.02.01.06.01 A messenger .A menage, ticlinp, news~ l!rende, tidung, word ..News published at morn: morgenspe11°P

09.06.02.01.06.01 A messenaer. ltrendraca, zrendsecg°P. ar, boda, lerend, forridel0 , sand, spellboda .A boneman as messenger: hleapere .A numer, mclfP!lger, courier. rynel .A herald, crier: bodiend, bydel, foreboda, forebodere8, fricca. m&rsere0 8, wcmend 09.06.02.01.06.02 Good tidlnp: leofspeJl0 P, miiJ>hl!J 0 P, willspellP .To proclaim good tJdlnp: godspellian 09.06.02.01.06.03 DI tidlnp: bealuspe11°P. lij>spell, weaspe11°P .Tklinp of war: giiJ>spe11°P .Bringer of Ill tidlnp: yfelberende0 8 ..One who llDDOUDCeS violence or clisttta: nydboda0 P 09.06.02.01.07 A name, appellation: gecfgednes, gecfgnes, clipung, nama, nemning° .A proper name: igen nama .A co11ect, right name: rihtnama0 .A Christian name: fulwihtnama .A forename: forenama0 .A surname: cii}>nomaoS, frConama, tonama ..A patronymic: fzdemama0 .To name, give a name to: lhitan°8, benemnan, (ge)hitan, naman/to naman (ge)scieppan, (ge)namian, (ge)nemnan ..To be called: hllan ..To call/name (after a person): gecnOdan naman ..To surname: getonamianoS .By name: be naman, n&mmZlum See 09.03.07.07.03.04.02 Register

09.06.02.01.07.01 A title, label: gesweotolung .To pve the title of: settan .To call by some name or title: (ge)namian, genemnan 09.06.02.01.07.02 A cateaorizing name: nama .An appellation, tam applied to person/thing: griting .A naming, calling by name: namcjging°, namntden°8

482

09.07.03 Disagreement, dissent .To call, name: (ge)ciegan, (ge)clipian, (ge)cwel>an, namnian° .To mark out (by name): lmearcian, (ge)cwet>an, (ge)hitan .To name, didingulsb by names into parts: tlinemnan .By name, lncllvict...Hy: namcii)>lice 09.06.02.01.07.03 To mention by name, name: (ge)nemnan .To mention by name, mention: (ge)namian, (ge)nemnan •To speak of as, tam: genemnan to 09.07 m.pute, debate: cneatungs .To discuss: tosOOKtan .To dispute, discuss: reahtiganq .Not discussed: unareht°

See 06.01.03.01Reasoning;12.02.02.04 Deliberation 09.07.01 Contention, arpment, strife ofwonls: (ge)ftit, stnpP .Argument, a sharp, strict examination: scearpsmeawungS .Argument about an inheritance: yrfegeftit0 .Contest, disputation: wi)>ercwide .An opponent, wrangler, disputant: wi)>erftita .Disputing,contentious: ftitende .To llJ'l1le. dispute, be at variance: cneatians, (ge)ftitan, (ge)motian, gewesan ymbe, wi)>erian 09.07.02 Contradiction: geantalu0 , wi)>cwedennes, wi)>ercwedolness,

wi)>ercwedung°S, wi)>ercwe)>nes0 , wi)>ercwidenness .A confouncllng, confutation: gescendnes .That contradicts, opposing: wi)>ercwe)>oi 0 S .To contradict, oppose opinion: ongeansp(r)ecanS, wi)>cwej>an, wi)>sp(r)ecan, wij> j>ingian .To contradict, withstand: wi)>ercwe)>anS .To resist, oppose: wi)>erian .To confute, confound: efsecganog, istyntanS, gefyllan, ofercuman, oferdrifan, oferftitan, of~nan°S, oferreccan, oferstitlan, onsacan, gescendan, wi)>sciifan See 12.05 Contradiction 09.07.03 Disagaeement, dissent: t0dntfnes0 S, toslitnes .Dissentient: unge)>were, unge)>yreog .To be at variance, disagree, dissent from: geun)>wzrian, unge)>wltrian

See 12.05.03 Disagreement 483

09.07.03.01 A denial 09.07.03.01 A denial: bescyrednes°', forsacennes0 , forsacung0 .Denial, repudiation: wii>erszc .A denial, refusal, resistance: ands&sacan, wiJ>sacan .No: nl, nese, nic .Nor: eac ne, nl, ne, ne nl, nymt>e 09.07.03.02 Refusal, denial: wirnung° .A refusal: wcam .Denied, aefused: on~ •To refuse: forweoman, insacian°', wiJ>sceorian° .To refuse/drdine to do: fon:wet>an, forsacan, forseon •To refuse, deny: sacan .To deny, refuse (request, etc.): etsacan, forwirnan, niccan°, onsacan .To refuse what is due: forsacan .To reject (something), shun, refuse: fleon, onscunian .To resist, refuse, reject, decline: onsacan, wiJ>sacan •To refuse, reject, repudiate: scorian

..To deny, disown: etsacan, onsacan, wit>sacan .To reject, not allow, refuse: wit>cwet>an ..To refuse permission/a request: wit>sacan 09.07.04 Assertion, aftirmadon: geset>nes .Aftlnnation, proof: (ge)set>ung .Aftlnnation of truth, asseveration: sat> .A supporter of a statement: geJ>afa .To make known, declare, aftlrm: (ge)cennan, togznan°g .To assert conftdendy: geh!tan •To conftrm, aflinn: af~stnian, aset>an°, (ge)trymman ..To confirm thoroughly, corroborate: J>urhtrymmang .To aftlrm, asseverate: benemnan ..To aftlrm, assert, state as a fact: (ge)sel>an .To establish, conftrm: istellan, (ge)trymman .To approve: afandian .Yes: gca, gese ..Yea, amen: gea Ii gea

484

09.07.04.01.03 Unanimity 09.07.04.01 Conlrmation, apeement: gem6dsumnes0 , trymming, trymnes .An agiun•ent: forespn!c .One who makes an agaeement. ltlpalator: taymmend .One who aventllapees/allows(1endmly): gel>afa. l>afetere .United, accordant, ap eed: gemOd, gem0dsum0 , S8JJlJIUtle, unwit>erweardlic0 .That ooDWllts, agiee•ns (to): getenwyrdeq, ge~f ..Ap-eeable, comentient: get>afsum°' .UnopposecUy: unforbodene .Without dispute, llllftSerVedly: unflitmeop .Incontestably: unfrofortrceq .To accept, entertain, bear favounbly: onmn •To accept as co11 ed, admit: onmn, underfOn, understandan be .To listen compllandy, hear, event to: (ge)breran .To become pliant, yield: onliJ>igan°P •To apee: efencuman, efensecgan°', gegadrian, get>wl!rian -To apee with (another): efengel>eahtian°1, (ge))>afian, ge1>wttrian,

(ge)l>wttrlltcan "To arrive at an agi eemeat: (ge)cierran to inum -To come to terms, be recoadled: (ge)l>ingian •To ap ee a courile of action, 8JT1Ullt: gecwet>an .Tor.pee to a fact, concur: get>wttrlttcan, geweort>an •To agree, coment to: gem6dsumian°, (ge)J>afian, gel>wl!rian, gel>wl!rliecan .To come near in opinion, etc., M?ent to: nblkan See 14.04ff Agreement 09.07.04.01.01 Admowledpmeat: cnlwlatc0 , cnlwla!cing° .Acknowledgement, aeeopltion: oncnlwennes .An admowiedgement: gecniwnes .Acknowledging accuracy of: gecdwe .In apeemeot with, admowledPnl: gewyrde0 •To acknowledge (sometbins): g~f bk>n/wesan 09.07.04.01.02 Consent: gifung, (ge)l>afung, gel>wa!rung .Co"smt, apeement: gel>afsumnesoe, gel>Cafettan°1 09.07.04.01.03 Unanimity: inm6dnes .Union, ... eeawat: Innes .Unanimous, of one mlnd/acconl: inmOd, inn!d(e) 48S

O'J.07.04.01.03 Unanimity ..Speaking as one, unanimous: insprece0 .Unanimously: inmMlrce, inn!dll'ce, efenlice, gel>r~fq , ge~w~rlice -Unanimously, with one voice: geswegsumliceq -With one voice, in chorus: mid/of inum mu~

486

l 0.0 l Fact of belonging, possession by

10•.Possession 10 Ha'riJI&, owning, poaessioo: &htgesteald0 P, ha:fen, ha:ft .Possession, ownenhlp, control: l!ht .Poaession, keeping: bearm .An owner, possessor: igend, igendfrea, lgnere, lgniend ..A pet"SOD in possession: andfenga .An owner, keeper: hierde .An owner, proprietor: iga0 , hliford _owner, possessor, master, lord: igenfriga, wealdend

-Owner, mistress: igendfrea .Possessed or, endowed with: eacen, gegOdod, (ge)ha:fed .Restored to one's posse1rion, founcl: ifunden .Own: (ge)lgen, igenlic -(One's) own: sw&s ...By right of possession: switslice ..Private, own: syndrig .As one's own: igcndlice .In one's possessi'l>nlcbarge: on hand(a), to handa .To poaess, own, have In posselllioa: (ge)igan, (ge)lignian, besettan, besittan, (ge)buan, (ge)habban, on/under handa habban, gesettan, gesittan, stealdan°P - To possess, have disposal of: ntdan .To have power over, possess, master: (ge)wealdan .To take charge/possession of: gfeman .To have, hold, carry: (ge)beran .To keep, bold, maintain: belieatdan .To store (up), lay up: bet&can, (ge)healdan, gehedan, (ge)logian, gesettan _(Of produce) to gamer: gadrian .To retain, hold on to, keep posselllion of: a:thabban, forhabban, (ge)habban, habban and healdan, (ge)healdan -To retain, bold (abstract qent): bemn, geniman .To recover, find: (gc)findan .To keep, not to abandon: (ge)healdan -To keep too long: forhealdan .To bold, keep fordbly: (ge)bealdan, (ge)werian See 15.01 Property 10.01 Fad or belonging, posseasion by: inhymes0

•That belonp, appertaining: togelicgcnde

487

10.01.01 Acceptance, receiving •To appertain, belong to: belicgan, belimpan, (ge)byrian, hieran tO, langian°, limpan, IOcian (in) tO, tOIOcian, wesan .To be in possession of: on handa standan .To attach to: befealdan to .To fall to, pus to, be pven to: becuman, (ge)byrian, gin, geweorl>an ..To be allotted/assigned to: (ge)gin, gegangan, gehl!otan 10.01.01 Accepbulce, aecdvin&: andfang&, andfeng, andfengnes, underfang&, underfangennes,underfeng .Receivin& of rings; beag~gu P. hring~gu P ..Receivin& of treasure: sinc~goP .A receiver, one who receives: andfangoJoS, eftondf0end0 g, onfangend0 g ..One recelvin& afterwards: ~fterontbnd°g .One taking a benefit: dugul>dmere0 g .That can receive: andfenge •To be received: ontbndlic°, undertbnlic0 g ..(Of ransom) to be accepted, answer: gin .To receive: itbn, g&>pan°P, onion, undertbn 0

0

10.01.01.01 Receivin&, plnln1, 1ettfna: onfangennes .One wbo 1ets1obtalns: begietend, bl!otend .One who takes in charae: underandfOndoS, undertbnd .To receive, accept, obhiln; iniman, gefOn, fOn to, (ge)niman, onion, get>Con ..(Of person) to adopt, receive as: (ge)niman to .To have alloUed, 1et, obbiln: (ge)bleotan .To accept what is offered: geceosan 10.01.02 Acquisition: geignung, begietennes0 g .Attainment, acquisition: begeat .Procuring, acquisition: tilung .(An) acquisition, pin, pro&t: (ge)streon .Gain from labour, acquisition, pro8t: till>(e), tilung, gewinn, gewyrce ..An increase of 1oods: eaca .Acquirer, one who acquires or pins: strfnaog, strfnend .To pin, get: iwinnan, (ge)fOn, (ge)winnan ..To 1et as advanta1elpro8t, pin: geleon°K, (ge)strfenan ..To heap up: geheapan .To obtliln, 1et, acquire: geaftianog, begietan, gebidan, gefylgan, gegin, gietan°g, geholian°, ofercuman, ofgangan, o~ • gel>Con 0

488

10.01.03 A sharing, participation .To pla by labour, pt by tftort, acquire: (gc)camian, gcn!can, (gc)stricnan, (gc)tilian, (gc)winnan .To Mize, lay bold of(abshact object): (gc)grfpan, gcgrippan .To pt, acquire, procure: gclgnian, bcgictan, (gc)findan, gcm!tan .To set, have, take: (gc)lgan, habban, gclea:an ..To 1et into one's power: gcswlpan .To 1et, ettjoy: gcdZlan .To obtain, find (favour, cndJt, etc.): findan .To draw, obtain (favour, Inspiration, etc.): hladan .To come by, 1et: becuman to .To come by, 1et at, obtain: begin .To pt, obtain, meet with and keep: onfindan .To pt by exchange, obtain: gcwrixlian .To obtain by payment: gcbycgan .To obtain by work, earn: (gc)camian .To obtain by lot: gchleotan .To obtain by false pretencel: gclfccttan .To 1et by seeking: gcs&:an .To ao and get what one seeks, obtain, get: (gc)fcccan, (ge)fctian .To get by basteoing: gccfcstan ..To run and obtain, get by runnln1: gcicman ..To get by riding for: ge&man .To apply to and obtain: g~rcndian to .To obtain by asking/entreaty: lbiddan, bcgictan .To obtain by negotiationf'mterussion: gcercndian, gcpingian .To attain, gain, acquJre (something): geehtan • •To discover/attain by search/tftort, find: onfindan .To bake upon one's self, receive, acquire: undem.iman ..To receive, take in: lfbn 10.01.03 A sbarin&, participation: dZlung°I, g~nsumncs, gcmina .Participation: dZlnimcndnes8, dZlnimung, dZlnumclnes', dielnumcnncs0 1, ml!nsumung .A sharing, impartina: gcml!nncs .Part, participation: diel .Part, proportion: endc .A part, portion, share: (gc)dll, blot, sceatt .Community of goods, common ownenblp: gcml!nscipe .A sharer, partaker, participator: dielnimend •.A partner, sharer: cfcnhlytta, gctcra

489

I0.02 Want, lack

..In equal proportions: efenhlyia .Held joindy, common: (ge~ne ..Sharing equally: efenhlYto .In common: to geminan .To obtain, have a share in: (ge)delan wi)> .To participate, share with: (ge)~nsumian .To have in common, share equally: habban/igan g~ne "To share alike: efenged&lan°P .To divide up, share: (ge~lan "To divide up work: ged&lan .To awke to share: geedwistanl 10.02 Want, lack: be)>yrfingl, wana .Not in one's possession: nacfd, unigen .Lacking, not poaessed of: wan, (ge)wana .Destitute or. without: dli:lleas, eann "Having nothing, destitute: idel, idelheode "Lordi~ without a lord: ~enleasop .Does not have: nlh ..Not to have, be without: nabban .To de/go without: forberan, for)>olian°P .To fail to obtain: losian .To forgo, abstain (from): (ge)facstan (fram), forgin .To give up, relinquish: inforlli:tan, forlli:tan, forleosan, giefao, ofgiefan, (ge)sellan .To fail to keep, let go: illi:tan •To let go, fornke, abandon: lnforlli:tan, forltttan .One less than (with numerals): Ines wan Q>e ... ) See 03.03.04.05 Insufficiency; 06.02.04.011.Ack 10.02.01 Loa, deprivation: daru, lyre, wana .Absence, loss: miss0 ..Decrease of wealth: acfwela0 ..Loss of territory: landlyre0 .Trick ca1islng loss/damage: lyrewrenc0 .Lost, absent: othende0 P .To lose: llztan, lmierran, inforlli:tan, forlorianoS, forspillan, (ge)losian, )>acrnianq "To loee, be deprived of: beleos&nP, II)>an°P, (ge)losian "To suffer lack of: (ge))>olian, )>Orfnian° 490

10.03 Giving .To be lost, not obtained: losian .To be lost (to): aetberstan, losian •To be lost, mlsl•kl. ltrayed: losian 10.02.01.01 Loa, forfeiture: iletnes, inforhttncs, forletnes .Liable to forfeiture, forfeltiq: scyldig .To lose through f•ult, forfeit: inforhttan, blinnan, forgieldan, forlztan, forsellan, l~san -To forfeit by evll-doln&: forwyrcan See 14.05.04.01 Fine 10.03 Giving: (ge)seleness .A giving, bestowal: giefu, gift .Act of giving: sealdnes0 8 _Jato another's bands: handselenoS ..Giving of swords: sweordgifu0 P .A gift, present: (ge)fyrt>ring, giefu, gifsu~ttP, gift, lie, lzn, send 0 ..A rich gift: sincweorpungP ..A p•eactng gift: hyhtgiefu0 P ..A gift from • noble: eorlgifu0 ..A gift of treuure: mAl>}>umgifu0 P, sincgifu0 P -From a leader: }>eodenmij>m0 P ..A worldly gift: woruldgifu ..A gift from one's bomehmd: eardgyfu0 P -Sea-spoil, a gift from oversas: ~JicP .A donor, giver: giefa, giefend, gifola, sella/sylla, sellend ..A female giver: forgifestreoS, gifestre0 , syllestreoS ..Giver, dispenser: brytta _Imparter, bestower: on~lend8 .Given: forgiefen ..To be given: sellendlic ..Given personally: handsealdq ~ot given: unseald0 .Fu.ndsbecl/proviclecl with lifts: geliicod .Given freely, gratis: to gife(s) .To give: isellan, (ge)giefan, (ge)sellan -To give, give gifts: (ge)gifian -To give (as remembrance): (ge)t>encan mid -(Of God) to MDCI: sendan .To deliver, hand to, give: (ge)giefan 491

10.03.01 Grace, favour "To band over: Hean, besellan, gesellan Jnto the band: on hand (ge)sellan .To glve/allow(as right): forgiefan .To give (as promised): gcll!stan .To give to, render, afford: ztgifan°P .To pnsent, bestow: geicwan, gelician, (ge)rzcan "To give, bestow, bring as gift: get!on .To give (something) in (to): ing~cans .To give, bold out (to): arzcan, (ge)rccan .(Figurative) to impart to: etfzstan, begeotan on .To commit, entnut, impart to: ztfzstnian°, (gc)beodan, oj>fzstan .To lend, grant temporary me of: ihtnan, (ge)lttnan, leon, onl~nan, onleon .To meanllateacl (sometbing for a penon): myntan See 15.01.02/f Property; 16.02.04.09 Alms

10.03.01 Grace, favour: ~t. giefu, gifnesP .A sped•I gift, grace: sundorgifu .To benefit, prosper, favour: (ge)bletsian See 08.01.02.01 Grace

10.03.02 Presenting, oftering: rkings .To ofter, proft'er: bewegnan°P "To proft'er: toritcan° "To oft'er, present to, show: gesellan .To ofter, present, contribute: (ge)beodan, (ge)brengan, geforj>ian .To reach, bold forth, oft'er, present: (ge)ntcan .To bring to: tobringan .To oft'er, announce what may be expected: ibeodan •To propose, declare, oft'er: gecwet>an •To propose to grant, oft'er: (gc)beodan 10.03.03 Granting: ilefednes0 .Grant, cession, coacesdon, giving: tl}> .A grant, gift, what is given: (ge)sealdnes, selen, unnc .Gitt, grant, boon, conc:es.tion, favour: tJ1> .One who grants: forgifcnd, unnend .To grant, bestow, give: igifianoS, forgiefan, (ge)gearwian, (ge)giefan, (ge)girwan, ondlCanian, onleon, (ge)sellan, (ge)tJ1>ian .To grant, allow to have, give: ilt!tan, ilfefan, forlt!tan (to), (ge)lt!tan, (ge)liefan, (ge)unnan

492

10.03.05 Recompense, reward .To bold oat, put: lreccan .To pve In adulnp, put: gcwrixlian .To put a shaft: (gc)dZlan wil> .To put, assign: bcf&>lan .To allot, assign, put: (gc~lan, gcscearian, (gc)scirian .To make posses90r of, endow with: Agan .To endow, enrich, belp by giving: gcfyrt>fian .Unac:ioorded, not anmted: ungyfct>c0 P

10.03.04 ProYisioa, supply: onstal .Neccrsary equipment: neadprin° .A provider: forcseond .To provide, supply: bcbcran, (gc)findan, (gc)gcarcian, (gc)ierfian, gcseon .To provide, give for me: fo~wian .To give, furnish, supply with: (gc)scllan ..To furnish with, supply with: (gc)gOdian, t!on, l>cgnian .To bestow, confer, give, supply, furnish: (gc)dOn .To procure, provide, furnish: (gc)gcarwian .To wk out, procure, provide: gctilian .To take, provide oneself with: (gc)niman .To provide, bold out: ihwcttan .To provide (for): foresceawian, fores&>n ..To provide for the wants of: don Mode, gl'cman ..To provide for, equip: gcredan -To equip fully: full gcarwian -To equip for a journey: gcscierpan

10.03.04.01 Rertltution, making good, repayment: egift, edgift, (gc )edstaJ>clung .One who repays: eftcrgildend& .Back, again: cft .To give back, fttum: igicfan, igicldan, iletan, cft igicfan, forgicfan, forgicldan, ongicfan .To restore, make rertltution: ofstandan .To 8U anew: nfwfyllan° 10.03.05 Recompenw, reward: eftcrlean°P, ~lean°P .A rewarding, nc:ompenw: edleanung' .A nc:ompen'e, a reward: andleanq, edlean, cftlean°P, handlean, lean, med, wil>crlean

493

10.03.05.01 Reward, meed, pay

..Ia eclmowltJdaemeat of favour: ptiog ..Earthly reward: woruldlean°, woruldm&i° -Reward for past deed: geolean°P -Recompense ror lire saved: feorhlean°P .A rewarder: edgyldendg, (ge)edlw(i)end, eftlwuend0 g .That brinp recompepw: andergilde0 .Tbat receives a reward: llcnimende°' -Unrewarded: unforgolden° .In recompense: t6 leanes, t61Mdes .To reward, recompenM!: edgyldang, (ge)edluoian, gieldan, lean forgyldan , (ge)leanian, gemanigfealdan, m&iian° .To give a reward: d6n edlean, lean forgyldan, lean sellan .To give as a reward/requital: forgiefan .To repay, requite witb reward: forgieldan 10.03.05.01 Reward, meed. pay: meord .For rartna • cblld: fOstorlean .To reward, 1emo""'ate ror. WI +ice! (ge)leanian

roster

10.03.05.01.01 A bribe, gift, payment: giefu, medsceatt, geJ>ingsceat0 .Not bribed. waboqbt: ungeboht° .To boy, bribe: geceapian 10.03.06 Wltbboldlq, keepins b.c:k: oftige •To withhold, keep back, retain: etbregdan, ethealdang, behabban,

ofhabban°, ofhealdan, oJ>healdan -To withhold, keep back, deny to: ofteon° -To withhold wroagfnlly: ~tstrcngan° .To relnse, withhold, not give: wiJ>sacan .To withhold. refuse top-ant: ofunnan .To relnse, refrain from p-anting: wieman 10.03.07 Distribution: t6dll .Distribution, dispensation: brytnung°I .A distributing, speucliua, givin&: (ge)dil ..Dlstribntfoii of bracelets, ring-glviua: i>bggifu0 P .A divtdina of property, sharing: (ge)dll .A share, lot, portion arauted: tan°, hlytman° .To assip to, put into the poaessioa of: lecgan in .To assip something to a penon: mcdcmian, genamian .To assip something to a penon. allot: (gc)scttan .To adjudge, assip (reward, etc.): (ge)deman .To mete out (justice, etc.), allot, aslip: lmetan .To assip due measure: (gc)metgian .To assign. destine to: betZcan, gcsc!otan, gctZcan •To aaip, allot, destine, appoint: (gc)tcohhian ..To assip, appoint: gemearcian, gcrcccan, teofrian°P ..To mark out, assip, designate (for): lmcarcian .To order to be pven, •ssip, appoint: gcrihtan .Aaiped, destlned:

~ht

10.03.08 Bountifulness, munificence: cyst, cystignes, dugu)>gifu, est, fr!oicgan, gel>ingian

.To aaume, take on oneself: (ge)teon on/t6 .To lay bold of, take: f'On on, healdan .To take (for oneself): (ge)f'On t6

496

10.04.02.02 To seize, take, grasp, lay hold on .To catch: forhreppan°' 10.04.01 To bold, ba•e: habban be handa/in handum, (ge)healdan, gehendan .To lay bold ot, bold: (ge)niman, geweorpan handa on .To twi~ catch bold of: twiccian .To adhere, stick to, bold on to: onclifian .That may be held: hzbbendlic° .The bold, tenedty (of): fa:stnes .To IGee bold~ let p: Ietan 10.04.02 To pup, take bold ot: lgrlpian°, ila:ccan°, gefbn on, (ge)la:ccan, onhrinan, t6gegripan' .To pip, seize, take bold ot: hpsian•, befbn, clyppan, (ge)fbn, fortbn, (ge)gripan (on) ..To clasp, dutch: ymb(e)fbn ..To 1p11n, embrace (with bands): ymbspannan° .To dmcb (the band): (ge)clyccan, (ge)cryppan .To pup at: gripan togeanes ..To pup at, dutch: wi)>fbn°P, wi)>gripan°P .To lay violent bands on: gela:ccan .Embredna, embrace, dasp: clypnes0 , clypp, clypping° .Grip, du~ clasp, bold, pasp, power. clamm, fa:)>m. feng, gripP, gripe, gegrip(en)nes• ..Grasp by the baml~ handgripe0 P ..A wlzina by the hair: feaxfang°, ~rgripaq ..A dose pup: nearogrip0 P ..A violent arup: nydgrip0 P. nydgripe0 P ..Sadden (terrifyina) dutch: f~rclamm P, f~rgripe ..A hostile pip: tcondgrip0 P, hildegripP ..Spiteful dutch: inwitfeng°P 0

10.04.02.01 To pluck, ptber: gecweccan, (ge)niman, stripligan°•, twiccian .To take bold of, pick up: forgripan .A takina, placklna: nimung°I 10.04.02.02 To 11elze, take, pup, lay bold on: a:tgn!pe weor)>an, Amn, befbn, begripan, (ge)fbn, forefbnl , forfbn, (ge)gra:ppian•, (ge)gripan, (ge)gripan (on), (ge)grippan, gehendan, gelangian, onfbn .To 11elze violendy: gefbn, gela:ccan (of), (ge)niman, nydniman, gen!can, gesla:ccanq ..(or abstract qents) to •be ~mdy: forgripan, forniman, ongietan 497

10.04.03 To take away, remove .To take forcible poaelSioa of: beffln, begietan, gegin, gegangan, gcl>rlngan -To seize, occupy: geOnettan .To take, get by fon:e: habban -To take by fighting: befeohtan .To capture (an animal): hentan .A laying bold of, seiziftl, taldft1: andfeng, gerisen°

.Capture, taldftl, seizure: (ge)feng, (ge)hteft, onfeng, ntcings, t6feng°S 10.04.03 To take away, remove: ibrcgdan, aetfeorrian, ibebban onweg, iniman (of), il!on fram/of, gebregdan, framicyrran, framidon, framlstyrianS, frambringan°, fram(ge)nimanS, hreddan, ofiniman,

of(ge)niman, ongenl!man, ongeniman, gentcan on, tolynnans, toniman, wil>bregdan, wil>I~. wil>t!on .To take away, carry off: aetberan, aetferian, aetwegan°P, (ge)niman, ofemiman .To remove by fon:e: gen~man on, ot>l>fingan .To match away: ibregdan, ol>gripan° -To snatch away, carry off: (ge)rfsan -To seize and carry off: grfpan, hentan See 05.10.04.04.02 Remove; 05.12.02.02 Carry off 10.04.03.01 To take away, deprive of: aetbregdan, aetd6n°, aet(ge)niman, igeotan, istYJ>an, bedl!lan (of), bedreosanP. bcheawan, belJl>anP.

ben2man, beneotanP, beniman, bentdan, bereafian, berCofanP. bescierian (fram/of), besierwan, bestelan, bestyPan°, fremdian, ofteon, ol>bregdan, ot>teon°, ol>l>icgan°P, gesceadan, wil>erli!canog, gewomanq .To deprive of (where attainment prevented): bed&lan (fram) •To separate from, deprive of: ot>wendan°P, getwltfanP .To deprive of lands: belandian .Deprived of, bereft of: befeallen (set), befyUedP, belorenP, gefyUed, sceard .Deprival, deprivation: beniming°S See 14.02.01.02 Theft

498

11.01.01 Practice, exercise, doing

11. Action and Utility 11 Action, opeaatlon: andweardnes, gegearwung, (ge)weorc, wyrcnes .To do, act, be In action: (ge)don, (ge)dreogan, (ge)faran .To do (substitute verb): don .To put Into action, ma~ work: gewyrcan •To work tosetbel', work with: midwyrcan

See 05.12/f Movement 11.01 Action, doing, perfonmnce: ~. macung°, (ge)weorc, wyrcing8 .Work (clone by und): handgeweorc .A work, deed, act: Con, wracian°, (ge)wyrcan .To do about/with: don be/of .To do (to someone), bring upon: gell!stan .To attempt/offer to do (to): (ge)b&xlan .?To profess to do: fleswian° .To bring oneself (to do), find heart/courage: findan (zt) .To control (movement/action), manage (to do): gewealdan .To respond with action: geandswarian .To uve the trouble (ofdolng): carcian° See 12.08.02.02 Good deeds 11.01.01 Practice, aen:iH, doing: begang/bigeng, bebogadnes0 s, stynmg .A going about bmfnca: ymbgang .Affairs, doinp: ping, (ge)weorc .Proceedings, coune of Ufe: faru, Hf .Domain, sphere of activity: land .A reciprocal action, commerce, dealing: (ge)wrixl •To aercise, practise: behweorfan, ferian .To apply oneself to: ztleolan, befColan, (ge)fylgan, onwunian .To sbow (feelinglcapedty), practise: (ge)cjpan

499

11.01.02 An undertaking .To practiae, amy on, do babitn•lly: bebriican, begin, begangan, faran mid, gell!stan, on gewunan bringan, on gewunan habban, to gewunan niman .To take upllldopt (a practice): (ge)niman

11.01.02 An DDdertalda&: forenymeoS, foreonfong&, onginnes, ontige0 .An ondertaldna, enterprile, •ttempt: anginn, fer ..A bold undertaklna: gedyrstignes .A mis.trion: sand .That enpaes in: onfangen, geJ>yde .To undertake: lhebban handa, beginnan, ton on/to, onion, underlon, underginnan, wrcccan .To fall/take to (action): befeallan tO, ton (tO), gretan, onhebban, (ge)l>Cdan, (ge)weorpan on, wipteolan° .To perform, undertake: bewitian .To enp1e in, take part in, perform: litdan .To send, dispatch (on mission, etc.): isendan, (ge)sendan 11.01.03 Preparation: foregearwung&, gearcung, (ge)gearwung, gegearwungnes°'.midgearwung'l .A preparation, concoction: gerenung& .Ready, prepared: gearo, geworbt ..AU ready, prepared: cal gearo ..(Of loins) alrded: ymbgyrd ..Not ready for me: ungearo ..Unprepared, improvident: untilad0 .To prepare, make ready: in!dan, iscirpan, gebinnan, efenstilian°g, frztwian, (ge)gearwian, (ge)scirpan, tOgearwian°' ..To prepare oneself, ready speedily: (ge)fYsan ..To make rady, adapt: arcdian ..To make ready, equip: geatwan°P .To pat in order, make ddy, prepare: (ge)deftan, (ge)rfnian .To prepare, make ready (various materials): (ge)gearcian, (ge)renian, getiwian, getemprian .To prepare, mh, blend: (ge)blandan, briwan, gemengan .Aplnst, ready for: ongean pet(te), tOgeanes 11.01.04 A doia&, accompllshln1 (of sometlaias): fremming, fylignes0 , gefyllednes, gefyllnes, ll!st°P .Enactment, peapebatioa: fremednes 500

11.01.06 End, completion (of action), fulfilment .Petpebator, author (of action): or .To further, advance blgber: in!ran, don to hrerran hide, forl>hebban•, (ge)fremman, furJ>or don, niman to l>im miclan hide, rZran 11.01.06 End, completion (of action), fuJ&Jment: code, endung .A finisher, one wbo adds last touches: endefcstend°• .Completed, at the limit: full .Completed, finished: fullfremed, J>urhgeendadl .At an end, ftnlsbed: ct ende .(Of action continued to finish) out, through: forp SOI

11 .02 Occupation, activity, business .To complete, brina to coadasion/mcl: (ge)don, (ge)endian, fulleodian°,

(ge)fullfremman, fullgangan, fullgearwian, fullwyrcan, (ge)fyllan, ~urhteon

-To complete (tnmsactionlbal'l•in): belilcan

See 05.l 1.10.02 End; 07.02.03 Perfect 11.02 Occupmtion, activity, business: ibisgung, bisgu., woruldbisgu,

woruldbisgung, worulddzd° .An occupmtion, affair, business: cierr, intinga, ~ing ..Business taking undue time: unltm(et)ta .8ecular affain or matten: woruldscipe, woruld~ing, woruldge~ingu .Sphere of action, function: stede .Occupmtion, preoccupmtion: bisgung, brucung0 .A man of the world: woruldman .Active: andweard, donlic8 .Busy, occupied: bisig .On band, requiring attention: anhende .(Of preoccupations) worldly, mundane: middangearden°g, middangeardlic .To involve/implicate oneself in: gefealdan, geimpian, gel>Cdan in -To have to do with: beon/wesan on ... genu!nes, habban wi~ . .. gemlfne ..To intervene, come to take part in: swifan .To bold, occupy (an oftice, position): healdan .To busy (oneself) with, be active: ibisgian, (ge)bisgian •To take thought to do, busy oneself: hogian .To attend to, engage in: befOn on, begin (in), begangan, (ge)habban ..To be engaged in doing: standan on .To engage in, apply oneself to: ibisgian (in/on/mid/ymb), beon/wesan ymbe, dreogan zfter, on handa habban, onstandan, ymbwesan°g ..To devote oneself to, take time for: (ge)ltmetian (to) ..To press, apply, devote oneself to: (ge)tengan ..To follow, practise, devote oneself to: folgian, full(ge)gin, fullgangan •To go about, busy oneself with: gewindan ymbe .To find amusement In, busy oneself with: pleg(i)an .To be employed/busy, labour: dreogan unstille/bysig .To be busied with: onhyrsumian See 17.02/f Work 11.02.01 Enel'IY, vigour, vigorous mctioa: framscipe, snelnes0 .Alacrity: arodscipe0

502

11.02.01 .02 Unwearied ..Alw.:rtty, boldnc11: clfscipe .Sbenaoas, active: fram .Energetic, strong In deed: dl!dfrom0 P .Ready, prompt: hr~. recen .Active, diJigent: unsleac' ..Active, industrious, laborious: wcorcfulS .Requiring effort, active, enerptlc: geswincful .Vigorously, with a will: arodlice, gcomlice .Strenuously: geftitlice0 , (ge)ftit~lumS, stil>lice, swi}>fromlice0 g, tl> geftites ..Sbenuously, not slackly: unsleaclice0 .Actively, not sluggishly: unsliwlrce0 .(OI continued action) further: furpor .To fall to doing, busy oneself with: gefeallan .To tum to, set about: (ge)hwcorfan .To prd up one's loins, be stroaa: ymbgyrdan ... lendena .To run (and linked verb): geieman .To rise up (with intent to act): irisan .To prosecute, carry on vigorously: dn""fan .To continue doiq, penevere: ztaolan .To continue, 10 on with: healdan fort> See 05.08.01Vigour;06.02.05.04/f Eagerness; 12 Power 11.02.01.01 Active, nimble: bwzt. wzfreP .Aaile, active, busy: hror .Quick, ready, busy: (ge)sc!ot .Active, ready, quick: unsllw -Ready to travel, ?active: si}>gearu0 P .Aailely, nimbly, actively: hwztlfce .To be quick In movement, active, busy: Onettan

See 05.12.03.01 Swift 11.02.01.02 Unwearied: unwmg .Fresh, not weary: unwmg .Unwearied, lndefatipble, active: unlzt .lndefatipble, unwearied: unlt!origendlic .lnclelatipble, unwearying: unitCoriende8 .Unwearied, untiring: ungewergod° .Unwearied, persevering: unij>roten° .Unceasing, unwearyina: ungeswenced°, ungeswencedlic .Inclefadpbly: unlt!origendlice S03

11.02.01.03 Unhesitating -lndefatipbly, unweariedly: ungcdrehtlrceas, ungcteorcde .Unweariedly, unceasinaly: una&>rotenlice .Uncnsingly, without desisting: unoftinnendlice0 See 05. J J. / l / f. Con1inuity 11.02.01.03 Unhesitatfna: unwandiende0 •Without hesitation: iinm6dlice 11.02.02 Diligence: forwitolnes0 ' . geomung, gleawnes, gleawscipe .Diligence, ea1 neat endeavour: gecneordnes, neod .Diligent: becneord° ..Diligent, zealous: (ge)cneordlic, geom ..Diligent, active, earnest: geomful ..Diligent In paying tithes: teo}>unggeom .Diligently: geome, geomfullice, geomlice ..Diligently, earnestly: gecneordlice ..Diligently, zealously: neode, neodlrce -Very diligently: fullgeorne See 06.0/.0/.02 Care; //./0.02.0/ Vigilance 11.02.02.01 DUlgence, studious care: geomfulnes .Diligence, assiduity: geomnes .Careful, assiduous, zealous: geomfullic .Carefully, diligently: behogodlice, gesinlrce .Aaiduously, diligently: gelome 11.02.02.02 Care, mlndfulnea, attention: carfulnes, gieme .Care (to do/not do): gremen -Care, trouble, labour: studding°, gewinn .Care, pains, trouble (in doinc): giemen .Careful, taking pains: hohful .Careful, palmtaklng, solicitous: earful .Thorough, effectual: g6d .Carefully, studiously: fyrwitgeomlice0 .Carefully, wholly, thoroughly: geome .To regard, have a care for: beseon on/tO/wiJ>, giemen don, bedan •To be careful of: munan .To be conceanecl about: bestuddian° .To care, reek: recan, wandian .To take care/pains/thought: carian, gfeman .To take care of, see to: gieman, hiwian, hogian, lacian, geseon, (ge)wamian

504

11.03 Endeavour .To 1ee about, take care of, look after: besceawian, ~n. bewitian, c!pan, studdian°, (ge)tilian, gewnan 11.02.02.02.01 Attention, cultivation: ymbhwyrft .Intent, assiduous: behealden .To attend to, cultivate: begln/begangan, fylgan, l0cian to, weorJ>ian, ymbhweorfan ..To cultivate zealously: andian •To turn the attention to: bewendan See 06.01.05.02.01.01.01 Discretion 11.02.03 Forethought, care: gehygd .Prudence: hog~pe8 .Prudent: gebeorglic, laetn!de0 .Careful, thoughtful, prudent: behogod, foret>anclic, hoga .ThoUghtful, considerate: get>ancol .Discreet, considerate: wel besceawod .Circumspect: ymbsewen .Mindful of and doing (what Is ftt): gemyndig •With forethought, carefully: foret>anclice .Carefully, beedfully, prudently: waerlice .Circumspecdy: ymbsceawiendlrce0 See 06.01.05.02.01.01.02 Prudence 11.02.04 Heedlesmess: unwaemes0 , unwaerscipe0 .Unwary, heedless: unwaer, unwaerlic .Unwarily, heedlessly: unforwandodlfce, unwaerlice .To rush, be hasty: gehr!osan on, (ge)n!san on, rempan See 06.02.07.06.02/f. Boldness; 06.01.05.03.03.01 Imprudence 11.02.04.01 R.ulmas, madness: dolwillenP .Heedlessness, reckl"11uas: wanhygdP .Rash, foolish: dollic .Rash, bold: arod, dolwillenP .Reckless, rash: r!ccl!as, swJ1>ferht>P, wanhygdigP .Rashly: blindlice0 , dollice, Jmstlfce .Rashly, vehemendy: firenlfce 11.03 Endea•our: gccneordnes, tilen .Effort: hoga .Endea•our, effort: hogung

sos

11.03.01 Experience, trial, experiment ..Strivlna, endavoar, effort: hrgung° -Labour, effort, strivina, endeavour: anginn, tilung -Exertion, eft'ort: higJ>0 & -Utmost effort: eallm&gen°P -Labour to obtain: eamung -A particular act of labour, work: (ge)weorc .To try, attempt, endeavour: (ge)cunnian, (ge)fandian, (ge)secan ..To try, explore how to do: (ge)cunnian ..To put one's hand to, attempt: ongefOn .To strive, endeavour, attempt: Onettan, (ge)tilian ..To try ea1nertly, study: (ge)cneord1Zc8n ..To strive, endeavour, try hard: brecan, onginnan, J>ennan ..To labour for, strive after, endeavour: beswincan, eamian,

higian (~fter/to), plegan for, winnan efter/be ..To continue strivina: forJ>tilian° •To strive after, try to do, undertake: (ge)efestan .To try to do, set about, perform: (ge)cierran .To try a plan, put into practice: cunnian .To try to pt: hentan efter, r6migan°P See 06.02.07 Determination; 17.01 Hard work 11.03.01 Experience, trial, experiment: icunnung, fandung,

oferfundennes',onfundennes .Trial, testin&: cost(n)ung, cunnung, (ge)fandung .Ex•mlnation by feel (especially medical): hrepung .One who tries, tests, etc.: fandere°' .Not tried or experienced: ungefandod .To try, test: ifandian, (ge)costian, (ge)cunnian, fundian .To tat quality/character: (ge)fandian .To try, examine: imerian, iseoJ>an .To experience, ascertain by trial: Acunnian See 09.05.01 Inspection 11.03.01.01 Trial, probation: ifandung, gecostnes0 , cunning, onfundelnes

.Fierce trial: brynenesq •To try, prove, put to the proof: icostnian', icunnian, idlman, irisian, oferfindan, t6KJ>an° .To test, prove, examine: imerian 11.03.01.01.01 Proof, demonstration: fandung, gerecenes,

506

~ning

11.03.01.03 Finding, discovery .An ex•mple, proof, Indication: bfsnung, tlcen, ticnung .Show senlns • proof, sip: aetjwnes .A credential, token: ticen .A witness: (ge)wita .Able to be proved: gesCJleanclice0 B .Succesdully, elllcadously: spedliceP .Confidendy, successfully: wewaer)>lice .To speed, succeed: geerendian, (ge)spedan, (ge)spawan .To succeed: fort> cuman .To succeed in a purpose, bring about: gesl!lan

508

11.04.01 An aptitude, bodily skill .To proa:ecl •plmt successtully: teon .To succeed in withsbmcHn1: wil>standan See 08.01.01.03.08.02 Good fortune 11.04 Abllity,capmdty, power: craeft, megen, m21>, gemet, miht, sped, geweald, woruldcraeft .Spedlll power/capmdty: sundorcreft .Craft, aptitude: craeft .Ability: l>egnscipe .AbUity,devancss, talent: gleawnes .aevemess, skill: orl>anc •Wondrous endowment: wundorgiefu0 P .Endowed with (certain qualitia, etc.): gedl>n ..Gifted with, endowed, talented: giffest ..Rieb in spiritual/mental gifts: mdwelig0 P .Fit for, capable, 1ood (at): medeme, tit .Capable, 1ood, competent: gefindig0 , maga, tillicP .Competent, fit: gelimplic .aever, in1enious: 1>ancful .Matured, of developed powers: geiJogen .Esperienced: Munden ..(Long) experienced in: eald on ••Crack, experienced, chosen: gecost ..Tried, experienced: irisod .To be able, have power/ability to: cunnan, wealdan .To be within a person's power: onhagian .Has suftident power: geneah See 06.01.05.02 lntelligence; 12 Power 11.04.01 An aptitude, bodily skill: leol>ucra:ftP .Dexterity, skill: manigteawnes ..Skill of band: hand, leol>ucra:ftP -Quick movement, deft playina: gearobrygd0 P .Skill in work: weorccra:ft0 S .Skill in hindering access: nearocraeft0 P .Skill with horses: wiccraeft0 P .Dexterous, skilful: maenigtywe, manigteaw ..Having sklllul banch: listhendig0 P ..SUre of arm: rihtscytte0 P

509

11.04.02 Skill, skilfulness .Dexterously, skilfully (u a smith): smiJ>lice&

See 17.02.04 Craft

11.04.02 Skill, sldlfnlncss: list .Skill: gebregd, getyngnes ..High skill: hcabcra:ftP .A skill, banduaft: handcrcft .An art, skill, uaft: list •Workmanship: (ge)weorc .(Of people, bands) sldlfnl: gehtred, getynge .Sldlful, skilled: crzft(e)lic ..Very skilled: gearosnottorP .Having the required skills, able: gOd •Well-qualified, skilful, eftident: sel .Showing skill, ingenious: orpanclic0 .Skilled, instructed: gerad .Advised, instructed, skilful: g~e •Well-instructed, educated: getogen .Skilled, expert: wis, gewittig .Having mastery of: getzl .(Of things) characterised by skHVprudeoce: gleaw .Skilled in an art/punuit/subject: trod, gleaw ..Skilled in secular arts: woruldcnieftig .Expertly, well: sel .With skill, skilfully: gleawe, gleawlice, orpancum, n!dlice •With skill, expertly: ciiJ>lice .With special skill: sundorcrzftig1Ice0 .With wondrous skill: wundorcrzftiglice0 See 06.01.06.02 Learned 11.04.02.01 Art, skill, contrivance, mnning: searo .Art, skill, a cunning art: searocrzft .Cunning, skilful: orpanc, searolic ..Skilful, cunning, skilled in: searocrzftigP .Subde, cunningly made: smCa1>ancollic .Skilfully, cunningly, ingeniously: crzftiglfce, deoplfce, listum, searoliceP, searwum, smCalJancollrce, wrslice .Elaborately, with skilled workmanship: cyrtenlrce, hCalice See 06.01.07.04ff Deception 510

11.04.03 (Of ability) low, mean, of less worth 11.04.02.01.01 Cn•••na, craft, craftiness, pile, wlle: gebntgdnes0 ' . fizfeli, fizfelnes8, foxung°, lir, list, lytignes0 , (ge)swipomes, waerlot0 S .aeveauess, astutenea: geapscipe ..A.stutenea, devt:1ue11, deerJt: waergeapnes0 S .Cunning, subdety: deopnes .Subtlety, guile: smealicnes0 .Cunning, sly astutenell: waerscipe .Worldly cunning: woruldwrenc0 .Contrivance, machination, pile: sierwung .Art, wile, craft, stratagem, etc.: listwrenc, praett, searo, wt1q, wrenc ..A mnnlng device, aatifice, wile: searot>anc ...A IUdden artiftc:e: fzrsearoop ...A mighty device: freabregdq ...A wile, device, dart of the mind: hygegir 0 P ..A beacberous/eonning device, bick, etc.: nearobregd0 P, searocraeft, searowrenc, sm&wrenc0 ..An eviVmean trick: nearowrenc°P -Wile causing confinement: nearosearu0 P .Cnfty, cunning, skilfu.I, artful: lbered', andwrs0 P, (ge)braegden, craeftig, fzcnig', fizfel', geaplic, log)>er', lytig .Cnfty, clever, astute: geap .SUbtle, crafty: sm&h .Cunning, astute: (ge)swipor .Cunning, sly: wis .Cnfty, deceitful, false: bregdende, lytiglic .Crafty, whe In deceit: braegdwfs°P .Wily, sly: frZte, hinderg&p', praettig, searocraeftigP •Wily, insidious: sierwiende .Cunningly, craftily: craeftlfce, fizfellfce, lytigfice, searot>ancumP -Craftily: gebraegdenlfce0 1, gefaedlice -Cunningly: geswipore, geswiporlice°' .Cunningly, cleverly: geaplice .Artfully: gamenlice •To be cunning: fizfelian' .To act cunningly: lytigian°P .To plan, contrive, plot: (ge)sierwan •To practise wiles, me deceit: wrencan 11.04.03 (Of abWty) low, mean, otlea wortb: hnig .Inapt for, lneompeteat: unmedome SI I

l l .05 Natural/proper way/manner/mode of action .Unleaaoul, unskilled: cmftJC.SS .Rude, lnaperlenced, umktlled: nrwe .To mistake, go wrong: ztspoman .To fail to take, bungle: misfOn .To strike against, stumble: andspumang, onspumang, ot>spuman .To grope (about, on, etc.): grlpian See 06.01.06.04.02 Unlearned; 06.01.07.05 Error 11.05 NaturaVproper way/manner/mode of action: gecynd .Conduct, habitual action, habit, wont: t>Caw, gewuna .Usual character or (thing), wont: gewuna .Habitual action, practice, habit: gewuna .A custom, practice, usa1e: droht(n)ung, mant>CawP, sidu, t>Caw. j>Codscipe, gewuna •.A tradition, practice: (ge)selenesg, gewuna .Custom/way or the world: woruldntden°P, woruldwise0 "Manner/custom or men: manwfseP "Popular usage, custom or a country: landsidu, ICodj>Caw "A necessary/suitable custom: neadgewuna0 g .Order, regular mode or p~ure: endebyrdnes "Customary rule or usa1e: lagu, gewuna ..Established practice, course, institution: gesetednes, (ge)setnes ~ custom or (monastic) rule: regolt>Caw 0 .Ceremony, prescribed riWpractice: gescrifg ~ctice or. rite, study: anginn .Natural, usual: gecynde, gewunelic .Customary, usual: get>Cawe, t>Cawlic, get>ywe, gewuna. (ge)wunelic .Ordinary. or usual occurrence: gemaenelic ..Dally, usual, customary: dzghwimlic, dzgl>erlic .Habitually done, customary: eald, gewunelic .According to fixed custom, customary: gewunelic .Wont, accustomed: bewuna, togewunod, gel>Cawod, gewuna. (ge)wunelic ~ccustomed to, using habitually: gewunelic "Given/addicted to (behaviour): forgiefen, gelenge .Usually, ordinarily: gewunelrce .Habitually, customarily: t>Cawum, gewunelrce .Constantly, usually: geneatrce .Generally, always, habitually: on simbel .In the way or the world: zfter/for worulde, woruldlice .To be •uedlaccustomed (to do): willan 512

11.0S.02 Mode, manner, way, method, fashion, course .To btlbecome acmstomed: (ge)wunian .To accustom Ollt9elf, be ac:costomed: (ge)wenian .To be devoted to, practise babltu•lly: lufian .To take to, m•ke customary: ton to .To accustom, trala, habituate: gewenian See 05.02.02 Nalure

11.05.01 Familiarity: hiredwist°S, hiwciil>nes, hiwciil>ntdnes0 S •Well-known, usual, customary: cill> -Well-known: folcciil>, full ciil> .Familiar, accustomed: geheme0 .Familiar, household, domestic: hiredcill>°', hiredlicS, hfwcund°S, hiwciil>lic .To make known/familiar to: gehiwcill>lician° 11.05.01.01 Unfamiliarity: unhiredwist°S .Unusual, not customary: unge~we , ungewuna. ungewunelic .Unaccustomed, unused: ungewuna .Unusually: ungewunelice See 06.01.06.0J.OJ.OJ Acquaintance 0

11.05.02 Mode, llUUIDel", way, method, fashion, course: cost, endebyrdnes. gemet, gesc!ad, weg, wise, gewuna .A proceeding, course of action: faru, sIJ>, l>ing .A mocWway/cou.ne of life, part: dZI, droht, (ge)drohtnung, ingehygd ..A way of life, mode of life, conduct: drohtap/drohtnot>. lffiad, lifweg -.A right way of life: rihtliftid° .Behaviour, action, proceedinp: anginn .Conduct, behaviour: diht, tyht, t>Caw, ymbwendungs -Worldly conduct: woruld~w -ReauJadon of one's life, conduct: liffadung0 -Reasonable conduct, rational plan: ge.sce:ad .Bearing, manner, demeanour, conduct: geba!mes0 S, gebl!ru, gelli:te0 -Consistency (of behaviour): gesta:l>l>ignes ..Boyish ways, boylshntsa: cnihtt>Cawas0 , cnihtwise0 .Of (certain) mannenlbablt: ge~wod ..In my manner: minlice .To bear oneself, behave, conduct oneself: gebZran, begin, droht(n)ian, (ge)healdan, lif gelogian .To behave, act: (ge)don, gefCran, macian .To behave, seem, m•ke as tboagb: Jetan 0

513

11.05.02.01 A standard, norm, ethos .To act acconlln1 to, adapt to: gel>witrltkan •To treat, deal with: behweorfan, healdan ..To deal with, treat, behave towards: itCon, ledan ..To beat, use: habban .To tum, make a penon adopt (behaviour): lwcndan, gebfegan, gehwicrfan tO/on, oncierran ..(Figurative) to shake, move: iwecgan

11.05.02.01 A nalMlard, norm,.....,.; regol .A worthy, proper proceeding: cynn .8ecular customs, worldly propriety: woruldgcrysnc .A proper mode of conduct: ~ipc .seemly/orderly behaviour, gravity: gcdreog, gcdnnl>, dugul>, ondrysnu, (ge)stiel>l>igncs .An exemplar, model, pattern: bfsen ..One who proves by example, a witness: gcwita ..An example (to follow/avoid): bisen ..An example of conduct: bfsen, bfsnung ..An example, parable: gclicncs .Active, versed (in suitable behaviour): gehwcorf ..Quiet, serious, orderly: gcdreog ..sober, grave, staid: (gc)stzl>l>ig .In accordance with good usage, properly: }>eawfzstliccq, }>eawlice ..Rlpdy, conformably, properly: rihtlrce, gewunclicc .Becomingly, with propriety: clznlicc, fzgere, gelimplicc .In a seemly manner, with respe...'t: (gc)dreoglicc .To follow an example/pattern: (gc)bisenian •To act in accordance with: geefcnlzcan .To conform to: (ge)cfcnlician .To set/give an example: (gc)bfscnian .To set an nample, exemplify: bfsen (on)stcllan See 12.07.01Proper; 14 ff law 11.05.02.02 Humanity, courtesy, dvillty: manscipc .Consideration, courtesy: wzmcs _ .Courtesy, gendenea, meekness: man1>wzmcs .Pleasant behaviour: wynsumncs .An act of kindnes.t, courtesy, grace: liss, lufu, l>Cncst0 .Kindliness, blandness: swetncs .Gradous, kind, gende: gifol, glzdman, gOd, mann1>wttre, J>Cawfzst 514

11.05.02.02.01.01 Courteous forms of address

-Lon& 1racious;very kind: zrgl~ P 0

.Kind, charitable, lovlna: (gc)sw~s .Smooth, suave, not offending: smet>c .Fairly, courteously: f~gere, lufticc, gctynge, getyngelicc .Kindly, IJ'llciously, blandly: swzslicc .Fair in words, pf...,..nt in speech: f~gcrwyrdc P, lij>wyrde0 , wordwynsumoS ..Smootbspokeo, bland: swetwyrdc' .(Of voice, words, etc.) gende, courteous: lij>c, lij>clic .(Of words, etc.) soft, kindly: swetc .(Of speech) pndy, courteously: lij>clicc See 08.01.02.01 ff Kindness 0

11.05.02.02.01 qrertinp, courteous terms of address: h&l(u) .Courteous adclrea on meedna: grfting .Respectful address/salutation: greting, gr!tingword -Respc::c:lful addrea to a superior: greting .To peet, ball, salute: gr!tan, hl!l abeodan, gch2lan, gchilcttan, gesund beon/wesan -To peet a superior respectfully: gr!tan .To welcome, 1reet: (ge)wilcumian .To acknowledge a person/greeting, bail: (gc)cniwan, oncnawan .To address respeclfully, salute: gr!tan .To announce, introduce: besecgan .To make oneself known: (ge)ciiJ>ll!can .Hail!: beo/wes J>ii hil, hil, hil wes J>ii, wclga, wet gesund .Welcome!: wilcumc .A greeting in letten, etc.: greting -(Of greetinp) commendatory: gegr!tlic0 g -To greet in a letter, etc.: grftan See 09.01.03 Address 11.05.02.02.01.01 Courteous forms of address: .Dear people, friends: leofan men .Brotber(s): gcbrot>or, gcbrot>or l>8 leofestan, J>in brot>orlicnes -Fair(brothers): cyrten .Sir, sire: leofa .Lord: hliford .Lady: hh!fdigc .Majesty: cyncscipc 515

11.05.02.02.01.02 To greet amiss, insult 11.05.02.02.01.02 To peet •miss, frmdt: misgretan

See 07.05.03.02 Insult 11.05.02.02.01.03 To bid farewell: (ge)gretan, gesund faran .Ungreeted, without proper leave: ungegret0 11.05.02.03 Indeconun, improp~ety, umeemH,,...~ unsidu, unt>zslicnes0 .An improper IDIUllleJ'/mode of conduct: unrihthad0 .UnMemly, unmannerty, unbecoming: ungedeftic, ungeliclic, unt>zslic .ID-mannered: t>Cawleas ..(Of habits) ill-mannered, disorderly: unt>Cawfzst .Unmannerty, troublesome: ungedefe .Ungracious. disobliging: unestfuJ 0 S .m-conditioned, rude: ungerid .Unmannerty, n1de: ungedafenlic .Rude, importunate: ungec0pJicoS .In an unuemly manner, improperty: ungedafenlice, ungeliclice,

unmedomlice, unsidelice0 , unt>zslice .In an undisciplined m•nner: unendebyrdlfce, ungel~redlfce .Roughly, n1dely: ungerl!delice0 .Pertly, saucily: gemahlice .Tactlessness, gruffness (of speech): gehlYd See 12.08.06.01 Misconduct 11.06 Disinclination to act, listlessness: unlust .Spiridessness, inactivity: unarodscipe0 .Weariness, tedium, disgust: l!melnes .Wearinea, inability: unmzgnes0 ' .Sluggishnes.t, want of movement, heaviness: swl!mes .SOmnolence, lethargy: sliipolnes ..Lethargy: slzgus, sliipomes0 .Sloth, slugisbness, idleness: l!melnes, iisolcennes, aswundennes, slzwt>,

sleacmOdnes, sleacnes, swancomes, uncifscipe .Idleness: idel ..Idleneu, lack of energy: idelnes ..1-a:dness: solcennes0 S .A sluggard, one slow to act: dl!dlata0 P .A sluggish penon: sliwa .A triflet', idler: swl!m 516

11.06.01 Neglect .Slotbfol, Idle, lazy: eswindS, isolcen, creftlW', Idelgeom, slacfuVslecful,

sliw, slcac, sleaclic, swltr .slow, inactive, dull: besolcen .Enervated: iswunden •Wavering, languisbina: wl!freP .Heavy, inert, slow, slugisb: swangor .Slow, dull, slugisb, inactive: 5Zne/sene .Not ready/prompt, slow to act: ungearu .That makes sluggish/Inactive: sleac .Overpowering, heavy: hefig ,Somnolent, lethargic: slipol .81otbfol, inactive: bleap Jnclolent, slugisb: switnneahtendlice0 .Unthinkingly, thoughtlessly: orpancesq, unbel>Ohte .Thoughtlessly, without clue consideration: leohtlice, unforsceawodlice, ungeaplice°' .To slacken, grow remiss~ islacian .To slacken, relax, mak~ remiss: toslacian°1 .To become remiss or slothful: ieargian° 518

11.06.03.01 Ill fortune, bad success

.To Joee by sloth, neglect through luiN•: forsliwian .To neglect, be remlsslcarelea (of): lgllian, ir&:elWian, rbl~ian° •To be forgetful/careless about, ncalect: ofergapian°, ofergumian° .To leave uncared for, neglect: forgieman, forgiemel~ian, forletan, misgytnan°, ofergietan Set 08.01.01.02.011ndifference

11.06.02 Sufferina (not ac:tina): J:>rowung .To suffer (not ad): J:>rowian .To bear with, tolente, not stop: forberan .Not done: ungedOn ..State of being not done: undoonesoS .Unfinished, uncompleted: unfulworht°, ungeworht .Unflnlsbed, not accomplished: ungefrcmmed .UntuUUled: ungefullod0 P .Unperformed, not carried tbroqb: un)>urhtogen° .Not laboured over, not well done: ungeswuncenoS .Untried: unifandod0 , unifunden .Unftnlshed, Mlf.ftnl•bed: simworht •To half do, do Incompletely: simwyrcan 11.06.03 FaUlq, failure: isprungennes •To fall, come to naupt: ibreo)>an •To fall to perform: iw~gan, iwitgnian°, brecan gilp, trucian ..To fall to attend: forbugan .To undo, bring to naught: wi)>slean .To fall (a person), leave in the lun:b: beswican 11.06.03.01 mfortune, bad sua:fM: medseJJ>O .A bard time: )>raechwfl0 P .Umucc:essful: untyg)>a0 .Badly, unsuccasfully: yfte .To fare badly, have ill sac:a:•: misfaran, missp()wan° .To fall, be unsuccessfu): t6dlan ..To slip up, fall: etslidan .(Of men) to sink: (ge)sigan .To fall (into sin, another's power, etc.): befeallan in/intO/on, beteran, (ge)gin, (ge)tiuosan, (ge)ieman, gewnan .To fall into, be removed to (bad place): ulfdan on .(Of penoas, 1DOnls) to fall, fall away: ibr&>J>an 519

11.06.04 Abstention, abstaining from .To fall from (power, etc.): lfeallan .(Figurative) to fall, be dtsbvyed: lfeallan See 08.0/.03.06 Adversity

11.06.04 Abstention, abstaining from: forbyrd, geswicennes .Not partidpating (in): fremde (fram}, ordele .To bold back, abstain (from): ihabban (fram}, ihealdan, forbiigan, forfteon, forgin, forhabban, oftinnan ..To guard agahwt, abstain from: wamian .To refrain from usin&, forso, forbear: forberan, forgin, forgangan, rrupan ..To allow to remain, not take/consume, etc.: (ge}Jltfan ..To omit to take, spare: forllttan ..To leave, not take with one: Jltfan, llttan -To leave behind, go away without: behindan littan ..To lay aside, put off, discontinue: ilecgan •To refrain from using/doint, spare: belltfan, forl~tan. (ge}lltfan, (ge)sparian, wandian ..To spare, ab..tain from injury to: beorgan .To desist from, abstain from: a:tbregdan, ofersittan .To abstain from action: (ge)fa:stan, forbOgan, forfteon, forgin, oftinnan ..To refrain from action, restrain oneself: (ge)healdan (wit>) ..To abstain from doing, not attempt, refrain: forllttan • ..To overlook, not demand: unmynegian° •To let be, cease from: llttan beon/wesan .To leave off, case (from), desist: iblinnan, (ge)blinnan, (ge)cierran fram, forberan, forllttan, llttan (fram/of), Jinnan, oftinnan, swefan, (ge)swrcan (fram), gewrtan (fram/of} ..To cease to have connection with: ot>feallan •To grow weaey (of doing), ceasie to do: geteorian .To let alone: in Jetan, forhltan, llttan .To cea~ come to an end, stop: a:tstandan, islrtan of, forstandan, oftinnan, geswrcan See 05.//.//.02 Let up; 12.07.03 Freedom from 11.06.05 Hesitation, scruple: t>reodung .Hesitation, delay: tweo .To hesitate: healtian, windan ..To hesitate (to act): (ge)tweon ..To hesitate, think over: t>reodian 520

11.07 Use (made of things), service -To hesitate, h.eng back, sbrlnk/8incb from: iwandian, forwandian, wifian,

wandian -(Of mala) to shy: scyn See 05.11.08.01.03.01 Delay; ()(j,01.07.06.02.01 Doubt 11.06.06 Turuina: gecierring .Act of tuming ukle: forcierrednesg, forcierringg, wandung .A turning aside, defection, bacblldlng: frambige .To tum aside from, tum from: abweorfan fram/of, onbugan of,

onwendan fram/of, o~sceotan .To tum aside, avert from: oncierran fram .To tum back on (a decision): fram10cian .To avoid: iwaerlan, bebOgan, beorgan wi~. bewaerlan, fteogan, forbugan, forfteon, genesan -To shun, avoid: forescynian, forg&lan, onscunian, scunian -To tum aside from, avoid: forcierran, wandian -To go round. pass by, avoid: becierran -To step back, retire, recoil: onhupian -To avoid, keep aloof from: fteon -To cat ofl' from, bold aloof: iscirian .To beg ofl': belidian .To excuse (oneself from doing): forcwe~an See 12.07.03 Exemption 11.06.06.01 Abandonment (of principle): forlittnes .One who leaveslforsaka: forlltterc0 g .To remove oneself from, witldraw: aetfeorrian, aethebban°, (ge)feorrian, gin of, (ge)swican (fram), ilt gangan

•To withdraw from, desert: fram swrcan .To abandon (someone), daert: itswician, aetfeallan, iswican, gewitan .To defect, daert: (ge)biigan .To quit, abandon: llttan .To pan by, abandon: oferleoran .To give up, abandon, relinquish: lgiefan, ihttan, forl&tan, ofgiefan, oftittan .To cease to regard, abandon: forllttan •To band over, deliver: iliefan, iscilfan, (ge)sellan, to handa weorpan

See 05.12.05 Change direction; 05.13.05 Changeability 11.07 Use (made of tbinp), service: ir, bryce, notu, ~nung, woruldbroc0 .Glorious use, glorious senlce: wuldomytting"P

S21

11.07.01 Utility, usefulness

.An olllce, IUVke: wet~ .Beboof, med, use: bchOf .Necessary use, requlnmeat, need: nydbricc0 .To use, make use of, employ: mon, (gc)briican, (gc)dOn to, (gc)notian .To take/get and use: geniman .To apply, employ for a purpose: gct>eodan .To have recoune to: becuman on .To touch, make use ot, have to do with: hrcpian/hrcppan .To use, subject to operation, manage: (gc)macian .To enjoy, use: (gc)briican, (ge)bcyc(s)ian, gcbrytsnian, bryttian, gecamian,

nwtan, (ge)nyttian ..E*ys, U1eS: bcneah "To consume, eat up, deplete: bcnotian°, genotian°' 11.07.01 Utility, uselulnels: nytlicnes, nytncs, nytt(o), nytwcofi>licoesoS,

nytwiefl>nes, t>Cnung .Usefulness, beneficial operation: frcmfulnes .Effect, operation, efRcacy: gefrcmming .Useful: bchefe, brycc, gifre, niedl>earftic, notwicrt>coS, nytlic, nytt. nytl>earftic, nytwiert>e, nytwiefl>lic, l>rfest«, geJ>yht°P ..Equally useful/needful: efcnbchefe0 P .serviceable, useful, beneficial: ste~wiert>e, til, gel>Cnsum .Efticacious, beneficial: frami(g)eodlic, nytlic, nyttol0 .Usefully: niedl>earftice, nytlice, nytwiefl>lice "Very usetully: fomytlicc0 .Usefully, profitably, to good purpose: t>earftice .5erviceably, appropriately: briicendlice0 S .To have eftlcacy: bcheaJdan .To be serviceable, profit, avail: (ge)helpan .To prove serviceable, be of senkeluse: on~o. ~wian "Is good for, senes a purpose: ma:g to 11.07.01.01 Desirability, expediency: gedafcnlicnes .Advisable, expedient: n!dlic .Advisably: redlice •To seem advisable: t6 n!de ~yncan 11.07.02 Utility, advantage, convenience: bchefnesS, gchy~nes, getlisnes, til .An advantage, convenience: gescrepe, gescr!pocs0 s, get&se .Suitable provision: gchyJ>l>o0

522

11.07.03 Use, advantage, profit .Occasion, opportunity: gchyl>ncs MOpportnnlty, means: spC!d

.Convenient, advantageous: (gc)hyl>lic, t2slic .Convenient, suitable: (gc)t&se .Within reach, convenient: gearo .Adapted to an end, useful, suitable: gOd .Convenient, opportune, snitable: gchyJ>clic .Opportune, good, convenient: til .Coaveniendy, snitably: gchyJ>clicc, gcscrCpclicc0 .EuiJy, apeeably, conveniendy: (gc)t&slicc .To snit, be convenient: onhagian See 03.06.03 Congruity; 12.07.01 Proper 11.07.03 Use, advantqe, profit: broc, brycc, feorm, nyttungg, geu!su. woruldnyttP .A u"lful ploy, profitable employment: J>carf .Benelt, profit, advantage, good: fo~. framung, frcmsumncs, frcmu, fremung, hyJ>cgung°g, gchyJ>clicncsg, hyJ>l>(o), notu, nytlicncs, nytncs, ongchyJ>ncs0 , rted,gctiCsncs,J>carf .A benefit: gOddZd, hrOJ>or ..A 11'4ul object, be:neflt, advantage: gOdncs ..A public benefit: foJcn!dP ..A good thing, benefit: gOd ..A useful thing, desirable object: gctiCse .,Something enjoyable, a beae8t: wa:stm ..An action benefiting tbe llOUI: fcorhrted°P ..A wished-for day: da:gwilla0 P .Advantageous: nytlic .Advantageous, profitable, benefldal: bcl>carftic0 , fremful, frcmi(g)cndlic, nytt, nytwicrJ>c, J>cm Ilic .Good, advantageous, in one's interest: sel .Any good, good for anything, of value: iwiht ·.To (one's) advantaae: furl>or1Icc0 MTo (one's) profit/advantage: fremfullicc .Well, properly: wcl .To profit, bendlt: bcyc(s)ian, fconnian, forstandan, forpswcbbang, forl>l>Cn°, framian, fremian .To avail: swiprian MTo profit, avail: sp6wan -To profit, avail, beM fit: (gc)hclpan 523

11.07.04 Superiority, p~nence, primacy ..Avails, is stroqleftlcacious: deag, m&g, l>earf .To seem good: (ge)lician, (ge)pyncan .To beneftt, profit, make progn11: framian See 07.02.02 Good; 08.01.01.03.08 Prosperity; l 1.03.02.01 Success

11.07.04 Superiority, pre-eminence, primacy: ealdordom .Dipity, importance: hefe, hercq ..Position of dignity, eminence, distinction: hCanes, (ge)pungennes .Cornerstone, keystone: hymstin .High degree (of a quality): hreh~u) .Chief, principal, foremost: forJ>mest, fram, fynnest, heafodlic, heah, ieldest .Great: great, heah, micel, unlytel ..Very &•eat: fonnicel ..Distinguished, eminent: gecoren, gepungen .Weighty, important: hefig ..Weighty, important, grave, serious: heah, hefig, hefigtyme, witwrerJ>lic _Very important, urgent: niedmicel0 .lll&her/more importantly: ufor, yfera .Uppermost/most importantly: yfemest .In the highest degree: on hrehpu(m) .At the head of, chief of: fore .Of higher rank: beforan .To make serious: gehefigian .To take precedence of: beforan gin, foregangan See 07.02.04 Excellence; 07.04.01Worth;12.01.01.06.02.01 High rank 11.08 Uselessness: unnytnes .Useless, of no use: ltnote0 , idel, porlcastl 11.08.01 Uselessness, umerviceableness: unnytlicnes .What is useless/unprofitable: unnyt .Lack of result, inelrectiveness: Tdelnes .Useless, unprofitable: unbryce, unfremful, unnyt, unnytlic ..Useless, unserviceable, unprofttable: unnytwyrJ>e ..Useless, lnel'fectlve: Tdel See 05.09 Weakness; 07.03.03.01 Useless 11.08.02 lnconveaieace, unfitness: ungedafenlicnes0 g .Inconvenience: unge1Zsnes0 g ..An inconvenience: ungescrepe0 .Umuitable, onfttting, improper: uncynlic0 , uncynn°S 524

11.08.04 Vanity, idleness, frivolity

.Not suitable, lnconvmimt: unbchefc0 s .Inc:omrenlalt, unftt, useless: ungcscrepc .(Of material thinp) unseemly: huxlic .Inc:onvenlaltly: ungctttslfcc0 .To be lnconvmimt: ofhagian° 11.08.03 Needle11, mele11, anprofttable: unt>orfest°S .Useless, vain, unprofitable: unbi)>yrfcP .(Of words) empty, not backed by deeds: nacod •Worthless, of no avail: nibtlic .Without a cause, needlessly: un)>carfcs Jn vain: on oil, un)>erfc)>ing°• Jn vain, without reason/purpose: biitan intingan, holunga, idellicc, on idel, on idclncsse, unnytlicc, unnytwur)>licc .Vainly, emptily: ofcridclliccl .To lie idle, be put to no me: etlicgan° .To be wasted, not uced: losian .To make vain, render nugatory: (gc)fdlian, miswcndan, miswenian• .To waste, me to no purpose, abuse: imierran .To pour away, squander: g!otan 11.08.04 Vanity,idlene11, frivolity: idcl, idclncs .A DOlllfmle, triviality: lodrung°I .A worthless/trlftlng thing: hagal, idcling°•, swttm. unnyt ..A thing of no value: niht .A penon of little account: iwerdc0 • , flicma, lytling, sccalc .Worthless material: untimber 0 .False wealth: nihtwela0 •What Is of less Importance: ll!ssa .Useless, worthless: fraco)>, Tdellic, niht, ungengc°', unnyt .Worthless, of no value: nibtes .Of little worth/Importance: C$elic, bean, heanlic, (ge)hwl!dc, leohtlic, tytel, medmiccl, unmedomc, unwcorp, unwcor)>lic ..Frlvolom, trivial, useless: idcl, idclgcom, leoht, lytcl .UnwortbUy: unwcorplrcc .To be worthless: iwcorpan •To be of no account: nc standan tO ihtc .To lose force, worth, etc.: IJ'dl(i)an .To fall away, deteriorate: etfcallan .To make ftin/weak/worthless: iidl(i)an

S25

11.09 Peril, danger

.To weaken, spoil: gew&tcan See 06.01.05.03.02.01 LightmiNkd; 12.01.01.06.04 /nferior rank

11.09 Peril, danpr: beot. freccdoes. fm:elncs, frec(en)ncs, frecoe, orleahter, pleoh, pliht, scyfe .Peril of the sea: wttgt>rea0 P .Perilous, dangerous: fr&:endlic, fr&:enful, fm:enlic, frecne, pleolic, plihtlic .Unprotected, unsheltered: giemelbs, unwered .Without defentt/protection: open .Unprotected, without 'pith': gri~lw0 •Without help: fultumlbs0 "Without u army: fyrdlbs .Unwarned: unwamod0 "Unaware, unprepared: unwaer .Dangerously: fm:eolrce, frecne .In peril: frecedlice .Unguarded: orwearde0 P .To endanger, imperil: gedyrfan, fm:elsian°', (ge)frecnian, pleon •To dare, adventure (oneself): fomet>an°, pleon ..Dares: dearr .To imperil, compromise: plihtan .Not to keep safe/preserve: forhealdan 11.09.01 Stealthiness, a stealthy act: creopung«, stalu .Stealthy movement: stalgong°P, stealcung° .A spy: leassceawere0 P, setere, sc&twere .Furtive, stealthy: stulor .Creeping, imidious: slincende, smeah, smiigendlic0 11 .Furtively, stealthily: stulorlice0 .8ecretly, sou to surprise: diegollrce .To proceed stealthily, steal upon: bestealcian°, bestelan (on), stalian "To embark stealthily: bestelan iip .To creep, crawl, sneak along: (ge)creopan, slincan, smilgan, (ge)snican "To enter SlllTeptidously, creep into: undercreopan 11.09.01.01 Ambush, lylna in wait: slttnung, settung°I!, weard .A lurking place: dimhof, onliitung°ll, syretun(l ..A place of ambush: sltt .A mare, ambush: gesltte°' ..A bouae where ambusben wait: insattehiis0 11

526

11 .10 Safety, safeness .A hider, skulker: liltiend .To De in wait for: bestttian°, fof"Sdnian&, dt(i)ln, seomian, sicrwan .To lark (in), skulk, He bidden: etlutian, beliltian°, bemJl>an, darian°, (ge)diegl(i)an, (ge)liltian, stician on, wacian .To catch by lyfq in ambush: fordtian°

See 06.01.07.04.02.01 Deception 11.09.02 A reminder, warnlna: gemynd .Word of waming, forewarning: werword .A warning/danger signal: getAcnung ..A slgnal-ftre, lighthouse: beacenfYroS ...Stone on which to Upt beacon: beacenstln' .Admonitory, senina to wam: gemyndiglic .To warn, make beware: (ge)warian, (ge)wamian -To wam epinst, pve notice of: (ge)wamian See 06.01.04.01Remind; 06.01.08.04 Foresee 11.09.02.01 An edmonidoa, warning, abortedoa: myndgung/mynegung, wamung .Hortatory: mynegiendlic°I .To warn, admonish: (ge)myndgian/(ge)mynegian, gewerlkan° See 06.02.06.03.03.01Prompting;08.01.03.09.07 Threal 11.10 Safety, safme•; hilwende, (ge)synto .8ec:arity: sorgllast ..Life's security: ealdomeruP, feorhgebeorhop .Safe, not dangerous: geheald, gehieldelic0 , gesund, gesundlic ..Not bannfal: gebeorglic, unpleolic -Sale, to be trusted, not risky: treowlic .Safe, secure: (ge)hzle, (ge)hil, gehealdfest&, orsorg, orsorglic, sicor -Escaped from danger, safe: gesund -UninJund, safe ud sound: heghil&, gesund -Guarded, protected, safe: gehealden ..Free from care, secure: orsorg, sorglw -Secure, free from cbarp: cleclw, saclw ..8afe, unbetaayed: unswicenq .Safely: gesundfullice, gesundlrce -Securely, safely: orsorglrce ..S.fely, panlina against: werlrce .To ftl'ider ware, make safe: gefestnian, generian, weardian 527

11. I0.0 I Protection, safekeeping "To make sec:ure from falling away: gcstat>olfsestnian "To place in security: bcfsestan 11.10.01 Protection, safekeeping: gebcorg, bcwerung, forcscieldncs0 S,

frit>owaruP, frit>u. grit>. hl!owl>. mund, mundbyrd, mundbyrdncs, mundbeals0 P, ncrings, scead, sceadu, scield, scildens, (ge)scildncs, scildung. scua. getrymming, w~r. waru .That which protects, (a) protection: gebcorg, corj>wcard0 P, scield .Protecting power: mundcrzft"P, gewcald .A protector, defender: bcwerigend, burhwcard, frit>a0 P, (ge)fril>iend, gchcald, hcaldend, helm, hierde, hi!, gebola/gchala. hreddcre0 , mundbora, mundbyrdncs, mundiend, t>cccend, wcriend ~tector, life's guardiao: fcorhhyrdc ..A refuge, prop, protector: gcbcald, (ge)ncr .To protect, guard: bchcaldan, b!on/wcsan on gebyrge. (ge)bcorgan, bcwarian, bcwcardian, bcwreon, (ge)fril>ian, (ge)gril>ian, (ge)hcaldan, (ge)mundbyrdan, (ge)mundian, sceadwianS. (ge)scieldan, gewarian, wreon .To secure, protect: bclucan, ymbtrymman .To save from, protect against: ihreddan wiptfram, (ge)bcorgan wit>, bcwerian ongeanlwit>, gencrian (wit>) .To protect, defend: imundian, iscildanS, bcwerian, forstandan (fram), (ge)hcaldan, weardian "To defend oneself: iwcardian°, bcbcorgan (wit>), bcwarcnian (wit>) .To go to for protection, safety, etc.: (ge)secan "To take refuge with: (ge)secan .To receive protection from: mundbyrdan See 13.02.04 Defence; 16.01.01.02.04 Protector 11.10.01.01 Preservadon from ~my/destruction: (ge)hield

.Protection of life: lifwral>uP .Praervadon of life: fcorhgener 0 .Preservadon, maintenance: (ge)hcaldsumncs .A keeping-place: hcordncs, hcordreden, gehield .To protect, guard from ~ury,9eCUre: lwerian, (ge)fril>ian, geocian, (ge)ncrian, wcrian .To keep from destruction, save: (ge)nerian 11.10.01.02 Refuge, help, shelter: gebcorhncs. gebcorhstow 0 • fcorhncru,

help, bl!, bl!onat>0 P. bl!owt>. hl!owungS. (ge)bybt, (ge)ncr. rotncs, rotsungS, sc!oq. tOft~oS

528

11.10.02.01 Vigilance .A relage, shelter, place of ll!fety: fril>st6w, hleo, hleowst61°P, hliwdhlig,

(gc)ner, gcncrstcdcoS, scildburhP .A place to creep into, ftbeat: smygcl(s)I .A place of shelter: gicstzm ..some kind of shelter: poshlrwc ..Shelter built of turf: turfhleow ..A sheltered and warm place: hleowstedc' ..Housing, shelter afforded by a house: hilshleow .Shelter apinst storm: scilrbcorg°P, sciirsccadu0 P .Protecting, sbelterin&: hleowfcst .(Of placa) protected, sheltered: fril>cn, gcfrit>ou0 P .Moor fastness: m6rfestcn •Water factnas: wctcrf&stcn .Wood fastness: wudufcstcn 11.10.02 Watcblna, pard, watch: hcordn!dcn, wcard .~custody, surveillance: gchealdsumncs .To watch, keep under observation: healdan .To watch over, take charge of: bcwacian, bcwitan, ton to, l0cian, wcardian 11.10.02.01 Viplance: wacung .Vigilant, waklna, watchful: wacicndc, wacol, wacor, wcccendc "Very vigilant: l>urhwacol, l>urbwaecccndlic0 .On pard, prepared: wcr .(Of person) ready, alert: gcaro •Watcbtully, vigilantly, canfully: wacollice0 , wacorlice, waeccendlice0 .To watch, wake: (gc)w&eean .To take care, be on pard, be viplant: (gc)bcorgan, wacian •To be alert: wacian .To take care, beware: bchealdan .To beware, take heed to 0De9elf: (ge)wamian .To take heed of, gnard aplnst: (gc)wamian 529

11.10.02.02 Watchful care, keeping guard .To guard (oneself) aplnst: (ge)beorgan, bewarian wil>, onwarian,

warian (wil>). (ge)wamian See 06.01.08.06.05 Warinus; 11.02.02/f Diligence 11.10.02.02 Watchful care, keeping guard: (ge)heordnes, beordntden,

(ge)hierdnes .Watch, guard (kept over): geheald, geheordung', (ge)hierdncs, wacen -Watch over life: feorhweard0 P - Watch against the monster: eotonweard0 P -Watch on the shore: a!gweard0 P, sitweard .One who watches, watch, guard: heordncs, heordntden ..A guard, body of men keeping watch: weard, weardseld ..A guard, sentry: weard ..A keeper, guardian, watchman: giemend, hand, gehield, mundbora,

sc!awere, weard, weardmann -A day watchman: dzgweard8 -A guardian at night: nihtweard°P -A bodyguard: heafodweard -A guardian of the shore: ende5Zte0 P, landweard0 P -A guardian of a harbour: hyl>weard -A forward guard aboard ship: for)>weard scipes .A steward, guardian: stiweard ..A guardian of treasure: goldweard°P, hordweanfP -Guardian of the ball: renweard0 P, seleweard0 P -Guardian of the abyss: grundhyrde0 P -(Of the whale) guardian of the sea: mereweard0 P .To look after, guard, watch: begiman, gieman, habban, hiwian, (ge)healdan, oferwacian°, wacian ofer, witan .To guard, m•ke a defence: scieldan ongean See 13.02.04 Defence 11.10.02.02.01 Care, interest in: C8JU .Care for, looking after: giemen, giem(e)nes, waru .Watcbful care: (ge)hield .Faltbful care, protection: triiwa .Care, keeping, guarding: gfeming, heord, (ge)hierdnes

.Protection, guardianship: gehealdnes, mundwist0 , weard -Le&al protection: mund, mundian -Guardiambip (entrusting child to another): facsting 0 0 .Emb~ keeping: facl>m, hleowfetne P, onfacl>mncs 530

11 .10.03 Salvation/deliverance from

.aoak, fold, boeom: sclal .Lap, boeom: greada .A patron, protector: feder, fyrt>rlend ..A protector, cherisher: lufiend ..A protector, guardian: mund ..A (powerful) protector, patron, lord: hleowdrihten°P, wine .One who lacks a protector: hleowlora0 P .Mindful of welfare of, caring for: gemyndig .Careful, caring, protective of: (ge)healdsum .To care for, see to welfare of: begiman, carian .To cherish, shelter, take care of: gehiertan .To take care of, attend to: behogian, ymbhogian -To attend to, see to tbe 1oocl condition of: behweorfan, gieman, (ge)healdan -To take care of, beat carefully: gTeman •To IU'dve (for protection, etc.): undertOn .To turn for help to, have recourse to: (ge)cierran (tO), (ge)hweorfan, ieman .To commit, entrust, deposit (in keepiq of): etfestan, befestan, belltcan, (ge)fa:stan, gefestnian, (ge)giefan, (ge)sellan .To commit (duty, etc.) to, entrust: isettan, belltcan, opfa:stan .To put (into a post), commit, entrust: on treowe gelittan 11.10.03 Salvation/deliverance from: hitl(u), generednes0 , generenes .Relrase, liberation, settln1 free: forgiefnes, frCodOm, hreddung .Release, redemption: ilies(ed)nes, tOlysing .A giver of freedom, liberator: freolsgefa0 , freotgifa' .Not bound, unbound, free: un(ge)bunden .Awaiting release, to be released: helpendlic0 1 .To make free (in respect to penoa/thlnl): iliesan for/wip .To free (from a bond): unbindan .To reJeas.e, set free (from): Adon (of), iheordanq, iliesan (et/fram/of)q, bed~lanq, befreogan°P, forletan (ut), (ge)freogan, gelangian, onliesan, unbindan, unlresan .To redeem, rescue, deliver: iliesan, ut gedOn, ut niman .To redeem, buy ort: ibycgan, forgieldan .To deliver, rescue (from): ifreonl, ihreddan (a:t/on/fram), ihttan, llynnan/ilynian, inerianl, (ge)dOn fram, (ge)freogan, gefripian, hreddan, (ge)liesan (of), (ge)nerian .To save from: (ge)helan, (ge)hllgan .To undo (what Is bound): tolysan, undon

531

11.10.04 Flight

.To t.ke, carry off from, rescue: aetbregdan, iledan (ilt), gelaeccan of, iit o)>bregdan, wil>ferian See 12.01.0/./0 Freedom 11.10.04 nlabt: ftWri .Condition of beiJll a tuptive: fteamdom0 .One who flees: ftiema ..A deserter, one who nms away: ftrema .One who leaveslfonakes: forletere0 S

.To flee, flee from: a:tfteon, aweg fteon, befteon, forfteon, fullfteon°, on fteame weorpan, ol>fteon •To nm away, flee (from): a:tieman ilt. (ge)bUgan, fteogan, (ge)fteon, for(e)fteon (fram), infteonq, ofer bee bugan, oferfteon°P, ol>faran°P .To witbdnw from, desert: fram swican See 05.12.05.03ff Travel away: 14.03.03.09.03 Outlaw 11.10.05 Escape: hwyrftweg°P .A survivor: belrfend, oferstealla0 ..SUmvon of a adamlty: w~if ..last (remnant): endeJlf0 P .To break out, escape: ibrccan (iit), a:tberstan, a:thl~. ol>berstan (ut), ol>hleapan° .To nm off, escape: ol>ieman/oj>rinnan, 01>scacan° .To escape, get away: a:tfaran°, aetsceotanq , iweg(e) cuman, ol>sceotan, ol>windan, wil>faran°P ..To escape by swimmiaa: ol>swimmanq, iit a:tswimman ..To escape by rowing away: ol>r0wan° .To escape (from): a:twindan, cuman iweg, cuman of, ol>gin .To escape (from) danger, harm, etc.: gedigan, (ge)nesan ..To escape from an enemy: gedigan .To escape, abscond (from): onweg Josian .To pass through (danger): oferfaran .To survive, escape: is~ P ..To escape with one's life: ealdre gedigan, gefaran feorh, teore gedigan, mid life gedigan 0

11.10.05.01 Evasion, escape from threat: swice .To escape, evade (something uapleennt): a:twindan .To evade, be free from: beswician .To lteal away: bestelan (on weg), forstalian 532

l l.l l.01 A physical difficulty, strait .To dip away from: 01>~tan .To slink away: slincan .To get away, get oft: iwcg tengan .To ward off (evil, etc.), de8ect: bewarenian, bewarian, bewerian 11.11 DUlkulty: earfol>nes, unlal>elicncs0 , unl>yldlicncs0

.What Is dJflicult, a dlftlmlt thine: earfo)>e ..A knotty point, pnme, diftlculty: cnotta .DHllcult: earfo)>e, earfol>lic ..DUlicu.lt, bani to do: earfol>elic ..Impracticable, bard to do: forgcngc0 ..Hard to get: t0rbegete0 ..Bard to relate/tell: earfol>recce0 · •With difBculty: earfo)>e, earfol>lfce, hefigc, nealfce, unlal>e. unlal>elice, weamwislice', weorcc ..Not easily, only by depees: heardlice ..With great difBculty: unearfol>lice' ...With greater difficulty: unicl>e ..With difBculty, with trouble: unlal>elice, unsOftc 11.11.01 A physical difRcuJty, strait: ncaru

.A danger, hindrance, obstacle, difRcuJty: meoring0 P, wearn .Physical inconvenience, difficulty: ncaroncs .Need, distnss, straits, dUllculty: J>carf .A physical barrier: hramaq .A check, stay, clamp: undcrscytc .Skill in hindering access: ncarocneft0 P .Arduous, rough, bard, difBcult: clincig0 s, geandyne0 , heah, stearc, sticol .DHllcult to pas5 through: earfol>fercO .DifRcuJt of access: orwcgs ..Impassable, without a road: ungcfarens ..Trackless, diftlcult: ungcferenlic0 .To be in straits: ncaru l>rOwian .To crowd someone, pve little space: (ge)nicrwan .To blockade, surround: forsittan .To trip up, cause to stumblrlfall: iscrencan, fyllan, scremman°, (gc )screncan .Against, in the way of: wil> 533

11.11.02 A hindrance 11.11.02 A hindrance: gelatu .A blnclrance, stnmbli111·block, obstade: l!swic, l!swicnes8, gemearr,

mierrelse0 P, ongeanhworfenness, ongeanwyrdnesoS, o)>spemingoS, rilma/ruinaq, gescrencednes8, spomingO• .Hindrance, hindering, obstacle: hremming .Hindrance, thwarting: (ge)letting .Hindrance from worldly •train: woruldhremming .A hinderer: lzttend .(Figurative) a burden, weight: hefe, hefenq, pund, wl!g -(Figurative) a mill-stone: byr1>enstin°• .That binders, obstructiJll: forctimbrigende .Hindered, held back (by storms): foretyned, forset .To binder: awierdan, (ge)lettan -To binder from doi111: igl!lan -To binder, delay: dwellan -To delay, retard: sleacian -To binder, impede: (ge)bindan, gl!lan, (ge)hremman -To binder, interrupt, impede: imierran -To interrupt, break into: gebrecan on/in -To binder, obstruct, impede: idwellan, (ge)mierran, wierdan -To obstnict, stand in the way: wil>standan ..To mar, disturb, obstruct: onmyrran° .To dose, block up, obstruct (passage, etc.): beliican, fordician, forfyllan°8,

forsettan, forstandan, fortimbrian, fortfnan, forwyrcan .To refuse admittance: forwiernan .To hinder, impede, check: (ge)hindrian .To hinder, check, restrain: forwieman, gehnZc80, werian .To ratrain, obstruct: wil>habban, wil>haeftan .To repress, check, curb: ofsittan .To impede, restrain, stop: belilcan, (ge)healdan .To obstruct, prevent: forecuman, forestemman8 See 12.05.06.01 Restraint 11.11.03 Impedi111 of progress, prevention: foresteall .Prevention in order to protect: gebeorg .To prevent: forlettan8 -To prevent (someone's action): forbeodan ..To prevent, be a stumbllJll block: (ge)hremman ..To forestall: foresta:ppan .To keep (something) off (from): (ge)beorgan, werian 534

11.12 Easiness .To prevmt from rachlng, keep from: gehremman fram .To prevent from dolnglbelng, keep back from: (ge)st!oran/(ge)stieran .To get in front of, intercept: forebegin .To cut off, intercept (by riding): forridan .To prevent, stop: forfOn (forane), forsc&>tan ..To compel to stop, bring to bay: on bid wrecan .To stop, put a stop to: iwendan, opstillan° ..To stop (an action): gestillan ..To stop (someone) from doing: forstandan .To stop, hinder the movement of: (ge)lettan .To stop, det•ln (someone): behabban •To be prevented from action, hampered: stician 11.11.04 Subvenion, change: iwending8 .Undta mlniq: underdclfl .Cbange, revolution: ymbhweorfnes0 1 .To alter, change, subvert: forhwierfan .To overturn, subvert: undercerranl .To cut down, overthrow: understapplian°1, underwyrtwalianl See 05.13 Change 11.12 Eashws: ~licnes°' .Ease, freedom from dlftkulty: IeJ>nes .What is easy, an easy thins: cat>e .Easy, easy to do: cat>dl!de, cat>e. Iet>e, Iel>elic, leoht ..Just as easy, equally easy: efenet>e0 P ..Easy, presenting little dif&culty: ~lie, leoht ..Easy, requiring little effort: sleac ..Eesily brought about: IeJ>togen° ••Easy to bear: gesefte ..Easy to recognise: eat>cnewe0 ..Easy to pess: Caj>n!de ..Easy to get, easily got: laJ>begeate, laJ>ge(a)te .Easily: Caj>(e), Caj>elice, iel>elice ..More easily: iel> ..Very easily: forea&>e0 , forea&>elic0 ..Most easily: ieJ>ost ..Easily, without opposition: sOfte ..Easily, without inconvenience: leohtlice .Readily, without clUBculty/delay: gearwe

535

11.12.01 Absence of resttaint, freedom .To make easy to do: gegcarwian 11.12.01 Absence of restraint, fl eedom: frCodom, frignes .Free: frCo -Unimpeded, unhindered: ibunden, freo, riim -At liberty to speak: muJ>freo0 .(Of feet) unobstnlcted, unhindered: unetspomen°, unforspomed0 ,

unforspomen .Unobstnlcted, penetrable, paSMble: open, J>urhtere' .Unforced, uncompelled: ungenidd .Not living under a rule: steorleas •Without hindrance or restriction: freolice, freolslice, wel .Without obstruction, at large: openlice .At large, freely: on geriim .Without hindrance, irralsdbly: unweamumP .To free (from objection/condition): (ge)freolsian .To dear away (an obstruction): (ge)cyman .To open a way, make dear: geopenian, (ge)cyman .To ovenmne, surmount: oferstrgan .To let go, cease to bold up/restrain: inforletan, forlztan .To unloose, relase, relax: (ge)liJ>ian .To free from restraint/distress, facilitate: (ge)hyJ>egian .To make dear for, allow (action, etc.): (ge)cyman .To give play to (emotion, etc.): (ge)cyman See 12.01.01.10ff FreetkJm 11.12.02 Aid, help, succour: frofor, fullest, fultum, fylst, help, midhelp0 g,

wrapu .Help in trouble: geoensum -(Of counsel) helpful, salutary: hilwendlic 536

11.12.02.02 Amendment, setting right, reparation .To help, aid: ihelpan, andfylstanoe, (ge)irian, (ge)feonnian, {ge)fullestan, (ge)fultumian, (ge)fylstan, (ge)helpan, gestepan, tOhelpanoC .To promote, advance, support: (ge)fort>ian, fullgin, (ge)fyrt>rian, (ge)helpan, scOfan .To receive a penon for belplprotection: onfOn .To stand by, help, aid: bestandan, fultum gestandan, mid standan, on fultum gestandan, on stale beon/wesan, undercumanl ..To aid the escape of: iit sceotan .In support, with, for: mid .For the sake of: fore, for ... intingan, for . .. lufum, for .. . l>ingum, for ... willan, on lufan, t6 1>ance 11.12.02.01 Streaplmdng, confirmation: (ge)trymming, trymnes .(Figurative) a support, crutch: crycc .Sb mgtheni.ng, sustenance: strangung, underwrel>ungl .(Figurative) sustenance, food: Rdnes0 , fOda, fOddurgifaq, tostor .Life-sustaining: ferl>fril>ende0 P .To support, sustain: alan, iwrcl>ian, gebidan (mid), bredan, f'Cdan, feormian,

(ge)fercian, (ge )t!strian, (ge)tostrian, (ge)leswian, ontYdran°, undersceotan, understingan°, gewacterian See /6.02.01.12 Spiritual renewal

11.12.02.02 Amendment, setting right, reparation: gebetendnes0 1, bOt,

Ief>rung0 P, rihting .An improvement in cin:umstances: wyrp .Restored, renewed: cdniwe, nrwe .Better: bet

.To put ript, direct arilht: (ge)rihtan .To recreate: eftscippan°1 See 05.//.07.04.03.0/ Renewal; 12.07.04 Justice; 17.02.04.01 Repair

537

12 Power, might

12. Social Interaction 12 Power, might: afol, ellenazftOP, m&genscype0 P, miht. geweald .£xcess:ivefo•etpowering might: oferma:genP, oferprymm0 P .Power, might, streo&tb: crzft, dugul>, eafoJ>P, miht. strcngJ>u, s~gu ..Power, might, abundance of strength: macgencrzftP, mzgensp&IP .Power, foru: 1>racuP, J>rymm. l>ryJ>P .Power, might, p eatness: riceter(e) .A sbvag/powerful foru: stlpmzgen°P ..(God's) wise power: ntdmacgen°P .A power, nerciser of power: miht .Powerful, mighty: anweald, anwealdig, bresne, crzftig, miht, spedig,

J>rymlic, gel>ryJ>ed0 P, l>fYl>licP, weald, (ge)wielde ..Very powerful: forcmihtig, swi}>mihtig°P, J>ryJ>swYJ>P ..Equally powerful: efenrice0 .Strong, powerful: hror, mzgenlgende0 P, mzgen!acenP, macgenstrangP, maga, rice, Strang, l>ryl>ful, l>ryJ>ig°P ..Very strong/powerful: forswi}>, mzgenheard0 P .Great, powerful: micel, rice ..Very peat: swi}>lic .(Of power) peat: full ..(Of power) far-reaching: wid .Powerfully, mightily: igendlice, mihtelice/mihtiglice, ricelice, l>rymme, l>rymmum, l>ryl>lfceP, gewealdendlrce0 P .Strongly, mightily, with power: l>fYl>umP .To have power, cause: wealdan .To b&'become strong, pin power, prevail: macg(e)nian, swi}>ian .To make powerful: crzftigian°, gemacg(e)nian, gestrangian, (ge)swi}>ian See 05.08Strength;11.04 Ability; 12.05.06 Control 12.01 Power, control, sway: tthtgewealdP, gefadung, miht, onweald,

(ge)weald, gewield .Suprem~ power: dugul>miht& .Dominion, power: hlifordJ>rimm0 .8ecular/worldly power: eorJ>macgen°P, woruldafol, woruldrice,

woruldricetere0 .Patronage, jurisdlctloa: hliforddOm .Power over, possession: onwealdnes8, geweald .That wlelcls power. wealdende .(Of power) eecular, worldly: woruldrice, woruldstrang0 538

12.01.01.02 Seat of authority •To control, have power over: (ge)wealdan 12.01.01 Authority: dom, ealdord6m, ealdordomlicnesq, ealdorlicnes, folgot>, frumsetnesoS, miht. onsting, rice, scir, t>rymm

.Great power, authority: fullnuegen° .Lawfol authority: rihth1Aforddom0 .Lordship, authority, rule: dryhtscipe•>, ealdord6m, ealdorscipe, hliforddom, hlAfordscipe .Leadership: ladscipeoS, litteowdom .Royal power: cynedom. cynebelm, cynerice, cynet>rymm ..Kingly rule: riccdom ..Imperial rule: ciserdom _Imperial: ciserlic0 S .Supreme authority, empire: cynedOm .sovereignty, majesty: dryhtendom0 P .Monan:hy: sunderanweald°S .Tetrarchy: fiJ>enice0 .Lordship, rank of an earl: eorldom ..Belonging to a lordship: eorldomlic 12.01.01.01 Rule, domination, di1ection: diht, gieming, riEd, rl!den,

ricsungS, wealdnesoS, wielding', wissung .Rule, governance: onweald, n!ding, gerec, reccendom/rccedom ..Governance of a people: lCodweardP -Kingship of Kent.: centrice -Royal business, affairs of state: cynewise ..Bad rule, misgovernance: misl'Zd .That aoverns: landhzbbende .To rule (over), govern, dlrec:t: forewesan, gieman, (ge)healdan, oferbebeocian°S, ofer beon/wesan, oferricsian°, onwealdan, geonwealdianS, racian, n!dan, (ge)reccan, (ge)ricsian, rihtan, rihtwisian, stihtan, (ge)wealdan, weardian 12.01.01.02 Seat of authority: seld/setl, stol .Seat of power: mihtesetJO

.An ofticial seat: ealdorsetJoS .A throne: cynesetl, cynestol, ealdorstol0 P, gifstoJP, gumstol 0 P, heahseld/-setl, sundorsetl, t>CodenstolP, t>rym.seld/-setl ..Heavenly throne: rodorst61°P ..Papal throne: plpseld/-setl 539

12.01.01.03 Symbols of power .To sit in authority, preside: foresittan, (ge)sittan .To come to the throne: Ion to nee .To sit on a throne: sittan cynestol See 04.05.04.01 Seat

12.01.01.03 Symbols of power: .A crown, diadem: byge, corenbeg, corona, cyneba:nd0 , cynegold, cynehelm,

cynewi):>t>e8, gyldenbend0 , heafodb&g, hWodbend, heafodgold, helm, hro):>girela', mind0 S, sigbeag .sceptre: cynegyrd .An oftlcial staff: sta:f .Banner with a staff: hiltecumbor 0 P .Hom: horn .(Figurative) to crown: (ge)cynehelmian .To dab: dubbian° 12.01.01.04 A leader, ruler: bora0 P, brego, bregoweardP, dryhtwerP,

ealdonnann, ealdorwisa0 P, eodorP, fengelP, folcfrea0 P, folcgesij>P, frea/frigea, fr!areccereS, fruma, heafodwisa0 P, heahealdor 0 , healdend, hearra, hierde, hi Mord, hofding°, onwealda0 P, onwealdendS, ord, ordfruma, ntdend, n!sbora, (ge}n!swaP, reccend, regolweard, rfca, ricsere0 S, ricsiend, rihtend, rihtere0 , strenge1°P, ):>engelP, wealdend, weard .Ruler as ring-giver: beaggifaP, goldgiefaP, goldwineP, mij>):>umgyfa0 P, sincbryttaq, sinces brytta, sincgiefaP, wilgiefaP .A chief, leader, prince: beohiita0 P, beomcyning0 P, beotma:cgq, breosttoga0 P, ealdor, folctogaP, foreliitteows, forwost, framrincs, frumgarP, heafod, heretoga, l~dereS, magor~swaP, peoden, wigendra hleo 12.01.01.04.01 A royal leader: cynehlAford, cynemanns, cyning, dryhten,

dryhtenweard0 P, eaJdhliiford, eaJdorfrea0 P, epelcyning0 P, ij>elweardP, folccyningP, treadrihtenP, gumdryhtenop, heahcyning, hlMording, hordweardP, landfruma0 P, landhliiford, leod, leodgebyrgaP, leodcyning°P, leodfrumaP, mandryhtenP, rexq, ricehealdendq, sinces hyrde, ):>eodcyning, ):>eoden, ):>eodfruma0 P, woruldcyning .An emperor: cisere, woruldcyning .A queen, empress: ciisem0 , cwen, cyningeq, dryhtcwen°P, folccwen°P, hlrefdige, ):>eodcwen°P 12.01.01.04.01.01 Kinp and qunns:

540

12.01.0 l.06 Condition, rank, standing .A rigbtful king: riht cyning .A later king: acftercyning° .A dependent kina: undercyning .An eartbly king: eort>cYning, woruldcyning .A heathen king: hatl>encyning°P .An eastern king: wtcyning° .An lsl•nd kina: calandcyning° .A king or England: angelcyning, bretwalda0 • hliford .A king with sea-power: ~cyning°P .A mighty king: brytencyning°P, brytenwealda, ml!lgencyningP .A warlike king: gill>cyningP, gilJ>weardP MKing preceded by a banner: segncyning°P .A warlike queen: gill>cwcnP ..A victorious queen: sigecwcnP

12.01.01.04.02 A lord, master: bebCodend, foregenga, 112sere' .A rightful lord: rihthliford .A secular lord: woruldhliford .A lord or valt!Ullslretainen: hliford ..A master or servants: hliford, magister .A dear lord: frCawineP, winedryhtenP .A gracious lord: hold hliford .A hereditary lord: ealdhliford 12.01.01.05 A leader, administrator: canceler, ealdor, ealdordemaP, ealdormann, giemend, heafodmann, hcafodweard, heahealdor 0 , heahealdormann, heahgerefa, heahl>egn, heretoga, hliford, hlifweard 0 P, horsl>egn, gemetgiend, ofer(ge)set, prafost, (ge)refa, gerefmann, scirwita, steallere, tictator, tiingercfa, gel>eahtere. !>egn, underliitteow 0 , weor)>scipe, wice, wicnere, wicgerefa .In England: ealdormann, teoJ>ingmann, heahgerefa, J>npinggerefaq .Count of the Welsh marches: wealhgerefa 12.01.01.06 Condition, rank, standina: hid, scipe, stede .A rank, arade, order: endebyrdnes, geferscipe, hid .One of like rank, a fellow, peer: efen(ge)lica, efengemaccca, efenhada0 , gelica, gem&eea •.A fellow-servant, equal: efeni>Cow(a) .Equal, or like condition: efen, efen(ge)lie, (ge)efenlic 541

12.01.01.06.0 I Rank. position due to birth .Of equal rank/dignity: efenweort>

See 03.03.05.01 Rank 12.01.01.06.01 R•nk, position due to birth: (ge)byrd .Of (particular) birth: boren .Of equal birth: efenboren°, efenbyrde0 .Of legitimate birth: fullboren .Eldest, ftnt bona: betstboren 12.01.01.06.02 Superior: ofergeset .Placed above otben, superior: ofer(ge)set See 03.03.05.01.01Principal; 11.07.04 Superiority 12.01.01.06.02.01 (High) rank, status, deaaee: geJ>ynct>o .Majesty, rank, deaaee, 1reatness: healicnes .Hip rank: gebyrd .Of rank/excellence: inlic .(Of rank/position) peat: eadig .Of hip rank: (ge)byrde, healic ..Equally hip: efenhCah .Best or highest in rank: fyt 111est. fyrst, selest, yfemest 12.01.01.06.03 Of middle rank: medstrang0

See 03.03.05.01.02 Middle 12.01.01.06.04 Inferiority of status, lowest place: a:ftergengnes .Meanness of condition: gehwZdness, wacnes .An inferior, a low person: geongra .Inferior in rank/position: lytel .Inferior, junior, lesser: ll!ssa .Last, lowest: endenehst .Subordinate in rank, lesser, younger: geongor .Youngest, least: geongest .Less in deaaee: lits See 03.03.05.01.03 lnferior; 11.08.04 Vanity 12.01.01.06.0S Nobility, noble condition: a:t>elnes, a:t>elu, heahnes, weort>nes .Noble, of noble rank: a:t>ele, dryhtlic, eorlcund, eorlisc0 ..Equally noble: full zt>ele ..Very noble: efena:t>ele 542

12.01.01.06.08 A person of rank, elder, great man .Possessed ofbonoun, noble, boaounble: weort> .Noble, illustrious: fm>, h&llic, weorl>ful, widcill> .Lordly, noble: eorlic, hlifordlic', l>egnlic .With high quality: h&llice ..In the llUlDDel" of a lord: dryhtlice

See 07.08.01 Nobility 12.01.01.06.06 Gende birth, nobility: tel>elborennes, tel>elu, eorlgebyrdP .Of ge.nde birth: tel>elboren, tel>elcund, d~. forl>boren .More highly bom: betboren°, borenra .Well bom, noble: betstboren, cynegOcfP, cynnig8, l>egnboren°, welboren .Noble, gende: freolic, gesij>cund .Noble, kingly: cynewyr)>e 12.01.01.06.07 Royal/princely status/dignity: tel>elinghid0 , cynedom, cynehid, cynescipe .Kingliness, distinction, royal excellence: cynelicnes0 .Kingly, royal: cynelic .Queenly: cwcnlic0 P 12.01.01.06.07.01 A royal nee: cynecynn .A rlghtfol royal line: ealdhlifordcynn° .Royally bom: cyneboren 12.01.01.06.08 A person of n1nk, elder, peat m•n: eald, ealdormann, ieldest, ieldra, gentswaP, (ge)refa, gesi)>, gesi)>mann, l>egn, l>Cningmann, wita •Who ls a Dane, a jarl: eorl .Holder of land below a jarl: hold .A person of n1nk, noble: tel>eling, beomP, domne, eorl, forl>rnan°, gummann°P. hliford, hlifording, ord, rid(e)cniht, sibtel>eling0 P ..Chief noble: forl>l>egn ..Nobles collectively, nobllity: dugul>, ealdorduguJ>P, g0ddd0 P, ord, rihtcynecynn, rihtcynn ..A noble lady: cwcn, forj>wif0 S, hlzfdige, (ge)si)>wif -Queen dowager: sea ealde hlzfdige ..A noble child: cynebeam ..A youth of geode birth: cild .A thane: l>egn ..Status of thane: l>egnscipe ..Thane In a burgh: burhl>egn 543

12.01.01 .07 A follower -Thane of a shire: scrrt>egn ..A secular thane: woruld}>cgn ..Fit to rank as a thane: gesi}>cund .Man of 600-shilling wergild: sixhynde man -Having 600-shilling wergild: sixhynde .Man of 1200-shilling wergild: twelfhynde mann -Having 1200-sblllingwergild: twelfhynde .A tide of rank or dignity: nama ..Majesty: cynescipe -Lord: domne, eorl, hliford -Lady: domne, hlzfdige 12.01.01.07 A follower: ambiht, folgere, geongra. magoP , mago}>cgnP, mann,

}>cgn, wassen .A retainer: hand}>cgn, heall}>cgnP, heorf>geneatP, mann, seldguma0 P, selesecg0 P, ~gumaP ..A principal retainer: ealdorl>egn -(Ironic, of Grendel) a hallthane: heall}>cgnP .A body of retainen: }>cgnscipe, }>cgnscolu0 1 , }>cgnweorud0 P ..A retinue, train, company: corf>or, gefCrscipe, hos0 P, leot>u0 P, gesi'}>P, t>Cnung ..A band of bousebold retainen: hygedriht0 P ..An (armed) retinue: heap ..A noble retinue: a:}>cldugut>0 P .A client, protege: scolmannl, geJ>ofta, wine ..A dependant, orphan: unmaga .A servant, retainer, follower: cniht, heorf>cniht0 , hleremann, hrredmann, hieringmann, hyra. scealcP, J>Cnestmann°, l>Cni(n)gmann, l>CCodan to .To be dependent on: llician to See 06.0/.06.02.03.01 Disciple; /3.02./0.0/.02.01 Armed band 12.01.01.08 Service: J>Cowdom, J>Cowot, J>Cowtscipe0 .Service, homage: t>Cowotdom .Service to a lord/master: }>cgnscipe, J>Cnung .Secular service: woruldJ>Cowdom0 ..Service in the kitchen: cycenJ>Cnung° .State of being a senant, service: t>Cowdomhid0 , J>Cowhid

544

12.01.01.08.01 A servant, attendant ..State of belna a thane/vassal: j:>egnreden, t>CowdOm .semce, c:Alke: ambeht, folgol> .Compulsory service: hen .(Of persons, mind) lenile: t>Cowlic, t>Cowtlic .Domestic: hiwcut> .To serve: ont>Cowigan°', (ge)t>Cowian ..To lfti te under: undeq>enian°' .To be a se"ant to: (ge)hrersumian .To act a1 a se"ant: t>Cowian .To Mn~ wait upon: geembiht(i)anl, (ge)hreran, onbidan, seruian, tOIJCnianl, (ge)j:>egnian, wicnian .To offer a form of service: bryce healdan See 14.0/.05 Obligalion

12.01.01.08.01 A senaat, attendant: ambiht, ambihtere0 1, ambihtmann, ambihtmecgP, ambihtsceaJcP, ambihtsecg°P, irl>egn°, esne, forcgenga, forcwyrcend, gesi}>, gesi}>a. gesi}>mann, j:>egn, IJCningmann, t>Cow, t>Cowa, t>Cowmann, l>n!l .A body of serving men: J>!nungwerod° .A Uttle servant: t>Cowincel' .A llen'ant of Uttle account: t>Cowtling .A female se"ant: ma:gden, J>!nestre, a>eowe.1>inen.1>ir•, t>yftenl, wifmann ..A Uttle female servant: wilnincel°' .A biftllng: celmertmonn•, esnemann•, esnewyrhta, hieremann, hierigmann, hyra, hyrling°, ~gilda, ~wyrhta .A fellow-servant: efenesnel, efenj:>egn', efent>Cow(a), getera ..A female fellow-servant: efent>Cowen° .An obedient servant: ambihtbera0 P .A weekly se"ant: wicJ>!nestre .A dependant, servant: htlfeta0 .Household se"ants: hiwan, inhiwan ..A domestic: hircdcniht, (ge)husa, incniht ...A female domestic: geongre, inl>inen°' .Member of kine's household: cyninges geneat, hilscarl ..One putting up at monastery wblle on duty: facstingmann .A (young) man in service: cnapa .A steward/reeve: acfgerefal, acmj:>egen°1, dihtnerc, fadicnd, feohgcrefal, geongra.hofwcard0 1,horderc,IJldel>egn°P,ntdesmann,gerefa, scyldhl!tal, strwcard, tungcrefa ..A house-steward: boldwcard 545

12.01.01.()1) Bondage, slavery ..A steward In charge of food: hlifbryttaO ..A steward In charge of swine-pasturaae: swingerefa ..Member of reeve's stair: gereftang° ..A woman deputy, stewardess: geongre, hordestre .A keeper of robes: hr&gell>egn ..Female keeper of robes: hnegl~nestre0 .A boot·bo)': sc0h~n°' .A cup·bearer: byrcle, gedrinca0 , fa:tfyllerc .A jug-bearer: ceacboraS .A dish-bearer: discbercndl, discl>egn .A llgbt-bearer: Ieohtbora .A chamberlain: biirl>egn, selet>egn°P ..sei tant of the bedchamber: bedl>egns, bUrcniht .A keeper of keys: c&ghiorde°' .A janitor, doorkeeper: dorweard', duruhaldend', durut>egn°P, duruweard,

geatweard ..A female doorkeeper: durul>Cowen°, durul>inen .An attendant oa bones: horsl>egn .An attendant on clop: hundwealh°' 12.01.01.09 Bondage, slavel')': nredhiemes0 1 , l>Cowdom, 1>CownydP, 1>Cowot .slavery, captiYity, lenice: lutftedom0 P .slaves as property: eht .A slave: ha:ftinccl°', mann, 1>Cow.1>Cowa. J>ntl, wielincelq ..A woman slave: lytle, l>Cowe, wiln ..A handmaiden, slave: mennen .A lawful slave: rihtl>Cowa0 .A bought servant, slave: ceapcniht .One taken and enslaved: lutft .An enslaved person: 1>Cowa .One reduced to slaffl')' b)' law: nydl>Cowetling°, wftel>Cow .A slave or aervant: gop0 P, underl>Cow, wealb, wenc.el, weorct>Cow P.

wilh/wiel .A serf, slave: &btemann, inbyrdJing .A slave, bondman: nfedling, niedl>Cow .A bonclse"ant, sea tant lad: l>Cowcnapa0 .Not free: l>Cow, wielisc ..Bom In bondage: ltbtborcn°. t>Cowberde0 , t>Cowboren ..Enslaved as punishment: witcfa:st .To be reduced to slavery: freotes l>olian

546

12.01.01.11 The common people .To be enslaved: ~wian .To act/1e1 voe as a slave: ~wian .To !NMlave: (ge)~wian .To accept as a slave: hWod niman .To bring into bondage: (ge)lueftan See 12.05.06.02 Oppression; 14.05.08 Captivity 12.01.01.10 Freedom, being free: freols, frCot .Citizenship: burhrteden°g, burhscipe .A ftee man: b6nda. ceorl, ceorlman, freomann .A free woman: freowt1'0 , locbore0 .Freeman of lowest dass: ceorl .One able to choose bis lord: cyrelif .Man of class between slave and 'ceorl': l&t° .Free, not in bondage: freo, freols, ungewilde ..Free to go: fa:rfrige .Having full rights: folcfreo .Half.free: healffreo See 11.12.01Freedom;12.07.03 Exemption 12.01.01.10.01 Freeing, manumission: freot, freotgift°g .One who manumits: freotgiftal .A freedman: freol~~. freolsmann°, freotmann, liesing .To manumit, free: (ge)freogan, lihtan .To boy out, redeln•: gebycgan (ut) See I 1.10.03 Salvation 12.01.01.11 The common people: ceorlfolc, folc .One of the common people: ceorl ..A man not noble: ceorl •.A common woman: cwene .Common, not noble: ceorlisc, folcisc, folclic, bean •.Not of noble birth: mAtgf>l!as0 g, un&)>elboren, una:)>ele ..Of humble birth: ceorlboren, lesboren ..Of lowly rank: hbn, ll!ssa, ll!st, geml!nelic, IDAttra, medmicel, medrice0 S, medtrum, unome0 P, unrice, unweorf> .As for a 'ceorl': ceorlisce .Humbly: medmicle .A man of the servile dass: esne ..Of the servile class: esnecundog

547

12.01 .01.12 Loyalty

.Man having 200-sblllina werPJd: twlhynde man -Having 200-sbllling werglld: twlhynde .Peasant, husbandman: (ge)biir, ceorl, facrbena -Of peasant birth: biirbyrde0

12.01.01.12 Loyalty: hlifordhyldo, holdntden°, holdscipe, hyldo, hyldntden°, tm>w, (ge)treow~. wzr .Loyalty justly due to a lord: rihthlifordhyldo .Faith delibe1ately pledged: hygetr!ow 0 P .Homage: mannrzden .Oath of allegiance: holdip .Loyal, faithful: fltle, hold, (ge)tm>w(e), wltrfacstP -Unfailing, not deceiving, loyal: unswic(i)ende _Very loyal: inhold, welhold0 P -Loyal to one's lord: dryhtenhold0 P, hllfordhold°, J>CodenholdP .Loyally: holdlice -Faithfully, loyally: treowlice .To be true to a person: (ge)tr!owian .To follow, stick by: (ge)fylgan, (ge)lzstan See 12.07.02.02 Fidelity 12.01.01.12.01 Obedience, service: geongordomP, geongorscipe0 P. hiemes, hiersumnes, t>Cawfacstnes, ):>Cnung .Obedient, submissive: gebygel. C&t>mOd, (ge)hiersum, ge~wzre .(Of service) willing, ready: hiersumlic0 .Mindful (of command, etc.), obeclieot to: gemyndig .To obey: (ge)Cal>mOdian, fullfyligan, (ge)hieran, (ge)hiersumian, (ge)hlystan .To comply with. be obedient to: (ge)cweman, folgian, gieman See 12.05.06.04.02 Submission 12.01.01.12.02 Disobedience: oferhiemes, un(ge)hirsumnes .A breach of a nde: regolbryce0 .Ao act of disobedience: mishemes0 .Disobedient: un(ge)hiersum, ungehirsumod0 1 -Undisciplined, ungovernable: steorleas, steorleaslic0 , wilde .Disobediently: unhiersumJice0 •To disobey: forhogian, mishyran, oferhieran -To refuse obedience to: forhylman°P .Not to bold to, not to follow: forbugan, forhealdan

548

12.01.01.12.04.02 Conspiracy 12.01.01.12.03 Rebellion, ledition: l!swicung, folcslitcog, sl!tnung, gcstric, ymbsctnungl .A rebel: 5Ztnercog, treowloga0 P, wiJ>ersaca .Rebellious, bostlle to authority: wit>cm!de, wiJ>crwcard .To revolt, rise up against: onhcbban (onge&n), on risan, wiJ>crwinnan°g, wit>s&>n° .To rebel against, tDnl from: swican (fram) 12.01.01.12.04 Treachery: bigswic, flcensearuP, tlccnstafas0 P, scaro .Faltblwss, treachery: swicdom. (gc)treowleasncs, ungctreowncs, un(gc)treowl> .Treachery, a tnacberoas act: unn!d wCrafty enmity, a treacherous quarnl: scaronij>P ••Treachery, bracb of pledge/agreement: wcdbrycc .Hip treason: hlifordsearu, hlifordswicc .A traitor: swica ..A traitor, turncoat: l!swica ..A traitor to one's father: fzdcrswica0 .Faithless, perfldlous: leas, ortm>we/ortricwc, swicc, (gc)treowleas, unhold, un(ge)treowc, untreowfa:st, wl!rleasP .Very beacberous: felafl!cne0 P .Faltblesaly, perftdiously: untreowlicc .To be a traitor (to), dellert: (gc)swrcan See 06.01.07.04.04.03 Fraud

12.01.01.12.04.01 Betrayal: lzwungl .BetraJ11) or one's lord: hlifordswfcung, hlifordsyrwung0 .Ad or supplanting: forscrcncedncssog .A betrayer, traitor: ll!wa, seJlcnd .A betrayer, informer: mclda .To band over bcM"berously, bebay: bct2can, (ge)sellan .To supplant by bcacbery: bcswfcan 12.01.01.12.04.02 Conspiracy: andwyrding°g, ficengccwisg, ol~uog, (ge)reonung, smea(g)ung, gesm&b0 , webbungg .Conspiracy, compact: gccwcdn!dcn, gccwisg, efenteantog, ntd .Maliclom counsel, a plot: llir .A traitor, plotter: forntdaq .To complre, plot: (ge)reonian, spellian, wordlian .To plot against, lntripe: forntdan

549

12.02 A public office .To He in wait, plot: (ge)sierwan ..To lie in wait for, plot against: sierwan ongean/ymbe .To deliberate, design, plot: ymbsierwan .To seek opportunity, contrive: sm!a(ga)n .To contrive a plot, weave: webbian

See 06.02.06.02 Plan

12.02 A public ollke: dibt, J>Cnung, gewrixl .An bonounble position: weorf>mynd, weorf>nes, weorf>scipe .Act of serving ollidally: J>Cnung .Discharge of an ofBce, business, etc.: notu .Ofllce of g1 eat lord: ealdordomscipe .Stewardship: gerefscipe, gerefscire .Administration of an estate: tOnscir •To fix upon for an office: findan .To nominate, appoint to otlice: (ge)namian (to), nemnan, getitelian to .To assign, appoint (to of6ce, duty): isettan, geendebyrd(i)an, (ge)sellan, (ge)settan (inion), getellan .To entrust (work, oftlce, etc.) to: betZcan, on treowe gelztan •To be appointed to an oflice: hleotan •To take oflice: ton to ..To act as steward, act in authority: gesciran .(Of oflice) to be vacant, rest: blinnan .To remove from oflice, etc., depose: gesettan iit .To retire from oflice, cease work: gesittan 12.02.01 A substitute, representative: spala0 , gespelia, speliend .An agent, deputy: forwyrhta, hand ..An ambassador, envoy: zrendraca/ttrendwreca, sand ..A beadle: bydel .Deputyship, acting as rep1esentative: speling .Ofllce discharged by a substitute, stead: gewrixl .On behalf of: for .. . hand, on ... healfe, to handa .To be substitute for, represent: ispelian, spelian .To go on a mhslon for, negotiate for: (ge)zrendian •To deputise control/management: ll!tan 12.02.01.01 A distinguishing mark, stamp: mearc .A aeal, sipet: min:els, inseg(e)I, insigle 550

12.02.02.01 Place of conference or assembly .To place a aeal upon: (ge)inseglian See 09.04.01 Sign 12.02.02 An wembly, meeting: gemang, (ge)samnung, werod, ymbcyrne0 .Courts, a•mblies: m6tl~JM1° .A aeated assembly: gesetl .Awembly in a building: hOsting .A pnetal assembly: folc(ge)m&, 1Codstefn°P .A national assembly: witena gemOt .A moot/popular assembly for voting: gemOt .A warlike a.csembly: heremel>e1°P .A meeting for discussion: gemOt .A merdng of ldmmm: mltggemOt° .A session of an assembly: setlung .A council, usembly: mzl>el, gemOt, ntd, sinot>, get>eaJtt, (ge)t>ing ..A private council: sundorrilnung°, sundorspn!c .A sblre-moot: scirgemOt .A hundred-moot: hundred, hundredgemOt .A town-meeting: burhgemOt, tiinntd .Attendance at the hundred mttttag: hundreds0cn° .A public ofticer: folcgerefa& ..A chief otBcer: oferealdormann° ..An otBcer of the court: hfredcniht, hfredgerefa0 S ..Ofllcer of the hundred: hundredes ealdor, hundredmann, hyndenmann, gemOtmann ..Chairman of a moot: m0tgerefa0 ..Ofllcer set above tea persons: teot>ingmann .A sheriff: scfrmann, scfrgerefa .A town otlicial: burhealdor, burhgerefa, burhwealda0 , burhwita, portgerefa .Qualified to attend the moot: m0tweort>0 .To hold a meeting, hold a coundl: eaht besittan, sinoM>ing gehegan ..To hold a meeting of the hundred: hundred healdan .To a...,.,ble (a council): (ge)gadrian .To sit at council: ymbsittan .To spe•k in council: nMan See 12.04.02 Gathering 12.02.02.01 Place of coalei ence or a=embly: hleof>orstcde0 P, macl>elstcdeP, (ge)inOtbeorh, (ge)mOthiis, gemOtleah, gemOtstcde0 P, (ge)mOrstow, t>ingstedcl', (ge)t>ingstows 551

12.02.02.02 A counsellor, advisor .An appointed meedna-plac:e: gccwedstOw 0

12.02.02.02 A counsellor, advt.or: ewita0 P, d!ma, folcwita0 P, larsmit>J>, l!odwita0 , ntdbora, n!desmann, ntdgifa, ntdl>eahtere. ntdwita, n!sboraP, n!swaP, geriina', (ge)sp(r)eca. gel>eahta°', gel>eahtcnd, gel>eahtere, ~wita, J>yle, wita .A blab counsellor: h&hwita .A privy counsellor: largespecaoS, riinwitaP .A counsellor of men: magon!dend0 P .A counsellor in a hall: seleredendP .An Enalish coumellor: angelwita0 12.02.02.03 Taibi for daakal world: .Consulatsbip: gerefscipe, gerefscfr(e) .Oftke of aedlle: himscfr& .Roman senate: ntdgift& .A counsel house, praetorium: nue)>elaem' .A forum, syaqope: spree .A comul, tribum:, etc.: consul, ealdormann, heahscTreman°&. hold, ntdbora, n!dgifa ..One holding authority for a year: glarcyning& ..Of/concerning a tribune: ealdorlic .A proconsul: forefrefrend0 &, undergerefa .A tetrarch: fi)>errica 12.02.02.04 Counsel, dellbe1adon: eahtung, rOn, gel>Oht, ge)>6htun8° •fiking of counsel, deliberation: diht, efenspn!c0 &, ntd, n!ding .8ecret discussion: riinung .Act of self-communing: riin .Speech in counsel: n!dels .That deliberates, holding coodave: mae)>elhegendeP. ntdende, r~dfindende &, n!dl>eahtendeP .To think, deliberate, take connsel/tbougbt: (ge))>encan .To take counsel (upon): bentdan, (ge)mOtian (ymblbe), gemOt wyrcan, ntdan (wi)>), (ge)J>eahtian See 09.07 ff. Debate 0

12.02.02.05 Counsel, advice: forJ>eahtingOS, lir, ntd, ntdgel>eaht, ntdl>eahtung0 , (ge)l>eaht. l>eahtung, ge)>6ht •Wl.se counsel given in 90Dg: l!o)>wiln°P .Frimdly cou.mel: freondlir 0 P 552

•

•

12.03.01.0 I Control, direction, regulation .Evil coamel: inwitriin°P, ungepeabt° .Givlna of coumel, coamelllng: gen!ding .Good in counsel, of good counsel: n!dfest. rjnig0 P .To uk advice, conmlt a penon: ~dan .To give counsel: n!d gelteran, (ge)ntdan

12.02.03 A society, guild, association: (ge)terscipe, (ge)gield, (ge)gildscipe .Guild meetina: morgenspa!c0 .Meeting-place: gildsetl0 ..Guildhall: gegildheall 0 .Guild-membership: gegilde0 , gildntden ..A member of a guild: getera, (ge)gilda ...Duly appointed member: rihtgegylda0 ...Junior member: cniht ...Fellow members: gesamhiwan ...Not fully appointed member: ungylda0 .A peace-guild: fril>gild0 ..Member of a peace guild: fril>gegilda0 12.03 Direction, guidance: diht. rihting, steor .Control, direction, steering: helma, steorrol>or .Ad of leadlng, guiding: lid ..Gaidance, direction, sbowina of the way: wissung .A guide, director, ruler: begimend, dihtend, dihtnere, forestandend, helma, lidmann, lidrinc0 , m!gister, rihtend, steora, steorend, stihtend, stihtere, wealdend, (ge)wisa, wissi(g)end ..A gnide, one who shows the.way: litteow, ticnbora ...(Of pillar of cloud) herald of departure: sij>boda0 P .To direct, guide, steer: istyran°, (ge)dihtan/diht(n)ian, ferian, (ge)lzdan, (ge)lzran, onstyran°, (ge)reccan, (ge)stieran, (ge)tZcan .To show the way, direct: lteran, (ge)tZcan, (ge)tZcnan •To show course, pide, direct, indlaate: (ge)wissian See 05.12.05.08.01 Guide 12.03.01 Direction, care, management, supervision: begimings, giemen, gieming, nytt(o) .To superintend: ofersceawian .To bold and control, manage: igan, (ge)healdan 12.03.01.01 Coatrol, dlrec:tion, reguladoa: stefnbyrd0 P .Instruction, condition, dlrec:tioa: wrse

553

12.03.02 Advice, admonition

.An order, replation: (ge)setnes .A regulation, an IUTIUlpllleat: gemetgung .Providence, disposing: (ge)stihtung .Dtspeasation, provision: gestiht° .To regulate the coune of, guide, instrac:t: (ge)rihtan, (ge)rihtlkan. stefnan .To dispose, arraaae: (ge)stihtan

See 14.01.06 Rule 12.03.02 Advice, admonition: manung .An admonisher: maniend .To advise, imtnict, tell: (ge)manian ..To give bad advice, advise wrongly: misntdan .To show what should be done: (ge)htran .To exhort: mynian, myndgian .Sball, must, ought, etc.: sceal .Persuadability, readiness to follow advice: n!df8'stncs

See I 1.09.02 Warning 12.03.03 A command, bidding, order: arnbeht, gebann, bebod,

bebodntdenoS, (ge)bodscipeP, h~s. miht, n~h~s , nydbebod0 P, gewilbod, willa, word, wordbebod0 .A strange order, wondrous command: wundorbebod°P .An instruction, order: lir, gcsetncs .To command, order, bid: ibWdan, gebannan, bebeodan, (ge)beodan, biddan, (ge)cwej>an, foregeh!tan&, forcsecgan, (ge)hlitan, onbeodan, willan ..To command by signs: gebeacnian See 14.01.06 Order

0

12.03.03.01 Summons, a call, summoning: gecznencs0 , gecigedncs,

gecignes, lal>ung .A summons to anemble: gebann .Urgent summom: n~la&>u P .To call, summon, send for: icigan, (ge)langian, ofsendan .To summon, bid come, call: (ge)beodan, (ge)ciegan, (ge)hlitan .To call, bring by calling, summon: (ge)clipian, (ge)lal>ian .To 1t1mmon, call together: (ge)bannan (t6somne), gelal>ian .To call out, summon: lbannan ut, bannan ilt, ut Abeodan .To call forth, summon: forl>icigan°, forpgecigan 0

.To command, lllllllllOD, order: libannan

554

12.03.04.01 Entreaty, solemn appeal .To command by a nod, mmmoa by sip: (ge)bfcn(i)an .To IUllllDOD, call oa to act: gestefnian .To call back: eftgecigan, ong~fgan°', ongean(ge)clypiang

..Called back: ongeangeclipod' .To rec•ll, call away: geedciegan°' .UnbJcJclen, DOt1ammooed: unbeden°, ungeboden° 12.03.04 A request, pnyer: (ge)bed, bedu .Desi.re ap1c11ed lo words, petition, pnyer: giemes, (ge)gimung .A petition, an asklog: giwung' .Supplication, petition, request: ben •Words of appeal, call, d•lm: (ge)clipung .A petitioner: bena/bene, gebensende, biddcnd, biddere .That supplicates: (ge)bensende .That is suppliant: bedul°', gel>ancol .Called for, demanded: gelenged°' .Be.eecblngly: benlice' .To uk, make a request (for): (ge)biddan .To ask (advice, etc., from): beihsian, befrignan, (ge)gieman .To ask, bea (tbat): firmettan° •To appl"ll acb, IOlkit (someone): igin .To apply to, appeal to: (ge)~ .To call for, obtain by calllJll: ofclipian .To ask, demand: (ge)giwiang .To demand (what is due): (ge)manian .To demand, request: bena wesan .To call for, demand: gelal>ian .To demand, require: lbl!dan, (ge)l>rafian (zfter/for) •To require: ofgangan .To require, seek satisfac:don for, nact: ofgin, on~ .To Mk for, require, nact: (ge)b2dan .•To look for, demand: lsm&gan

See 16.02.04.08 Prayer

12.03.04.01 Enbeaty,90lcmn appeal: hllsung .A time of sappllcatloa: hllsungtima0

.CalllDa, entreaty: gecignes .CalllDa, invocation: cigung .That may be enbeated: benlic', healsiendlic .To enbeat, ask (for ••• fl"Om): lbiddan ct, frymdig b6on/wesan

SSS

12.03.04.02 Speech on behalf of, advocacy .To pray to (someone), entleat: ibiddan .To beseech, beg earnestly: bcsecan, geomian, gieman .To beseech, entleat, make solemn appeal to: (ge)hJJsian .To implore: ihilsianoS .To cry to, implore: (ge)clipian .To pray, supplicate, implore: bensian .To beg for, strive after, supplicate: (ge)wilnian .To ask, implore, demand, crave: crafian

See 15.01.06.01 Beg 12.03.04.02 Speech OD bebaH or, advocacy: foresp~c .An advocate, Intercessor: midsp(r)ecend, l>ingere .To speak for, pray for: becwet>an (fore) .To make a defence (In speech): scieldan .To Intercede, plead for: (ge)t>ingian

See 13.01.03 lntercession 12.03.04.03 Importunity, penlstence: gemihlicnes, gemihnes .m-timecl assiduity, importunity: geomnes .Importunate: wede .Persistent, pertinadous: gemihlic .Over-persistent, importunate: gemihlic .Shameless, wanton, importunate: (ge)mih .Importunately, pel1inac::iously: gemihlrce .To importune, beset: behropan°

See 06.02.07.03ff Perseverance 12.03.0S Permission: (ge)J>afung .Leave, pa11tiuion: leaf, (ge)lWa, (ge)leafnes .Assent, permission: Up .Consent, will: est .Permission, allowance: unne .A password: lWnesword .Leave, leave or absence: leaf, lWnes .Right of egaeas: iitgang .Allowable, permissible: ilrefedlic, gelrefedlic .Having permission, excused: geliefen .Not forbidden, allowed: unforboden .Lawrutly, allowably: ilrefedlfce, geliefedlice

556

12.04 Fellowship, union, association .To let, allow, peamlt: lll!tan, forletan, (ge)lfefan, onletan, (ge)l>afian, willian -To permit, allow (to do): llfefan, (ge)liefan -To give permil8ion: (ge)liefan -To permit, allow (to do/be done): forgiefan -To give leave to go home: lfefan him .To allow, permit, grant, con•nt to: willan .To grant a request, cc.>!Mftlt: geunnan .To allow, accept: onfOn .To bear, suffer, allow: dm>gan, (ge)lztan .To admit to be fitting, allow: getemian .To concede, allow, grant: (ge)tI)>ian .To turn to, assent to, approve: (ge)cierran tO .To condescend, deign: gemedemian .To allow to be: habban .Is allowed, may: mzg, mot .To be permitted: lliefan .To let olf, not enforce: li!tan of 12.03.06 Prohibition: bewerenes0 , forbod .Not allowed, illicit: unilyfed, ungelifed .Forbidden: forboden .To diullow: forbabban .To prohibit, forbid: bewerian, forbCodan, foresacan, forwieman, stieran, t0cwe1>an .To forbid, pl"OtlCrlbe: forWodan -To deprive of, proecrlbe from: Idem.an fram .To prevent, prohibit, keep from: wieman .To prevent, binder, forbid: ~tbregdan, forelztan, forestemmans .To restrain from by blaming, prohibit: belean .Is not to be allowed, ought not: nib See 12.05.06.01 Restrain 12.04 Fellowship, union, uaocl8tion: brol>orreden, getegnes, (ge)lem!den, (ge)terscipe, (ge)gaderung, (ge)gaderwist, ged0 P, gehlytto. leonesq, geml!nnes, geml!nscipe, geml!nsumnes, gemina, midhlyt°, midgehlytto0 S, midwunung, gesI)>scipe, t0gehlytto0 s, gel>Cod. (ge)l>oftrZden, (ge)l>oftscipe .Partidpation, collabontioa: midwist .A source of union, bond: geoc 551

12.04.01 A fellow, companion, associate, comrade .sodety, fellowship (of usodates): n~west .Fellowsblp, partnenblp: teolagscipe .Companionsblp, society: drohtal> ..Loving companiombip, friendship: geswl!sscipe0 .Associated, banded together: geten:d .That co-operates: samodwyrcende .Corporate, associating: geml!nelic .United, joint: gelllZne .Harmonious, united, concordant: gq,were .8oda.I, of comradesblp: ge~lic .In common with others: gemznelfce .To have fellowsblp, associate with: (ge)ml!nsumian, tO geefnan, towettanq .To nnite,join together (as comrades): (ge)fegan .To ciome into usodation with: gererlzcan, gemittan, (ge)t>eodan .To agree together, be companions: ge~wl!rlitcan .To unite In purpose. associate: gesamnian .To be in agreement, conspire: geinwyrdan°K .To come near, enter relations with: (ge)n~ltcan .To live with, consort with: drohtnian mid/betwux .To mingle, mi:x: gq,werian .To unite (othen), Join, usodate: (ge)gadrian, (ge)mengan, geteon, (ge)l>Codan •To join together (In doina): geinlltcan, ton tOgaedere •To join with, make common came with: gelitcanK .To league, ally with, confederate: geJ>oftian .To make confederate, ally: gesibbian, get:reowian See 03.03.04.01.02.01 Heap; 03.03.06.01 Whole 12.04.01 A fellow, companion, associate, comrade: efenheafda,

efenheafodling°, efenling°K, efenwiht, gefara, tera, gre~°K, hWodlingK, heafodgemzcca, gehle~aP, gehlyt(t)aK, gemaca., geselda/gesetla, gesi)>, gesi)>aK, si)>mann .A partner, colleague; efning0 , leolaga, gef'Cra, gegada, gehlyt(t)aK, gewita .An ally, comrade, friend: broJ>or, freond, gefylca0 , samodgesi)>°K, geJ>ofta .An old comrade: ealdgerera0 , eald geneat, ealdgesi)>P .A namesake, comrade: genamnaP .A fellow-worker, co-opea ator: efenwyrcend0 , efenwyrhta, midwyrhta, gewyrhta .A close companion: gebedda, eaxlgestealla, handgemaca0 , handgesella0 P, handgesteallaP 558

12.04.02 A crowding together, assembly .A constant comP"nion: symbelgef&a0 P .A ple••ent companion: wyngesll>op .A faitbtul/tnuty companion: tm>wgel>ofta .A companion In need: nydgef&a0 P, nydgestealla0 P .A companion, comrade, one In n"M troop: gescola, sc0JmannB .A companion In war: campgeferaB, folcgesteallaP, lindgesteallaP 12.04.01.01 A company of people, fellowship, sodety: gefCre, (ge)fCrscipe,

gegaderung, gemina, gesij>P, (ge)si]>scipe, ge)>Codnes, (ge)l>ftscipe .A troop, band, company: ftocc, (ge)genge, teoh, t>~. wer .A band, group, gang, crew: fzr, gang, hlOJ>, scolu .A band of comrades: efenbeapB, efenwerod"', gesi]>ouegen°P .A community, family: hired ..A community of one hundnd: hynden .A side (In conftict, transaction, etc.): hand, healf 12.04.01.02 A fellow travellfl', companion: gegenga, weggesi]>aB

.That accompanies: andlang ..Act of riding In company: midrid0 .To accompany, golbe with: mid gin ..To accompany and guide, conduct, convey: h!dan ..To lead about: YJJlbll!danB .To accompany: gefCrscipianB, (ge)h!stan, samod SJ1>ian, t0gel~stan°B .To accompany/associate with: (ge)midsil>(eg)ian .To accompany, attend upon: folgian, fylgan .To seek someone's company: (ge)*an See 05.12.01.01 Travel 12.04.02 A crowding together, cmmbly: getred .An enrmbly, pthering, crowd: (ge)gaderung .An •wmbly, congreption, company: cort>or, mannweorod, (ge)m~ting,

(ge)mitting, (ge)samnung, sinot>, togelat>un&°, l>Cod .A body of young people: geoguJ>, ouegt>hid .A joyous band: wynwerod"I .A crowd, throng: here, gemang, mengung, ge)>rangOP, txeat. get>fing ..A crowd moving on foot: fC)>ebwearf0 P .A crowd, troop, band, host: drif, folc, (ge)gaderung, hwearfP, ouegen, manfaru0 P, sweotP, J>rymm, werod .A tumultuous aarmbly, host: gedreagP, gellcP .A group standing In a drde: hring .S.S9

12.04.03 A sttanger .A gathering for a purpose: (ge)mOt .A multitude, mighty company: (ge)dryht, dugup, folcdryhtP, folcsweot0 P, here, leodwerod0 P, gelomlttcing, DU1Cgenfolc°P, mzgenheap0 P, m&genpreatP, mannmenigu0 , menigduq, menigu, secgrof0 P, srdfolcP, geJ>rYI, )>rymm, werod ..An innumerable people: unrimfolc0 .A number of men: manrimP, rincgetzJ0 P .Gratest number, majority: hWodgerim0 P .A numerous ascembly: gelomlzcnes8, gelomlicnes .Numerous, massed~ gelomlic, picfeald8 .To gather together, anemble: gelnh!can, (ge)gadrian, geheapian, (ge)samnian -To bring together, collect, aaemble: (ge)gadrian, (ge)samnian .To visit in large numben, throng: flOwan, gelOmlttcan .To throng, pra1, crowd: getingan°P, pringan See 05.12.05.02.02 Meet; 12.02.02 Meeting 12.04.03 A stranger: cuma, giest, uncii)>a. iitacunda8, iitwttpnedmann° .A newly come stranger: niw(ge)fara .Visiting of a ball: selegyst°P .Condition of not being known: nytennes .Strange, DDf'amiliar: giestig8, inciip, unciip .Unknown, foreign: elfremed, elpeodig, fremde 12.04.03.01 Estrangement, alienation: itlfremedung0 8 .Estranged, alienated: elpeodig .Far apart: feorr .To break up, part (company): bacum tObregdan, (ge)dzlan .To alienate: (ge)zlfremedan, ifremd(i)an, ftemedlftcan8

See 05.12.01.02 Wander; 12.05.07 Rejection 12.04.04 Solitude: zmenne0 , znetnesq, znett, inlipnes0 , innes, diegol,

diegolnes, unbyeng0 8 .A solitary being: infloga0 P, ingenga, inhagaP, inhoga, instapa0 P, WJ'2cca -One who acts alone: inlaga0 8 •Want of friends: freondleast0 .One deprived of protection: steopcild •.A foundling: funden cild .Alone, solitary: ttnlic/inlic, inliepig, instandende .Single, isolated: ina

560

12.05.02.01 Lack of peacefulness .Friendless, wltboat friends: t"m>ndlw, winelwP, winet>earfendeP .LonUess, wltboat chW: ealdorlw, hlifordlw, J>eodenlw0 P .Unatteaded, without a•• +ant: cnihtlw0

.Homeless: !)>ellwP See 03.04.01Singularity; 12.06.05.01 Exile

12.05 Coatndictlon, opposition: fordrifnesoS, wi)>ercwide, wi)>erszc .A coatradldor, opponent: wi)>ercwidal, wit>enPrecend° .Against: togeancs, 1>1trongean .To oppose by coatndktion: wit>cwet>an See 03.06.02.01 Diversity; 09.07.02 Contradiction 12.05.01 RlYalry,coatest: ellen, gefeoht. wi)>erwinn°' .Contesting, oppositlon: bfsaec°P .A rim, competitor: eaxlgestealla. ellenll!cal, gehata, gehtcaq, gewinna. wi)>erwinna .To contend, emulate: ellencampian°', ellenwMian', (ge)feohtan, (ge)ftnan 12.05.02 Hostillty, coatendon, opposldon: wi)>erweardnes .An opponent, adversary: gesaca, scel>J>end, wi)>erbersta0 , wi)>erbreca, wi)>erbroca, wi)>ercora. wi)>erwengel' .Advawe, opposed: l>weorh, 1>weorhlic, wi)>erl, wi)>eau10d0 .Aplmt, in opposldoa to: forane tog!anes, foran ongean, ongean, towil>reP. wiJ>, wi)>er .To oppose: gem!tan, ongean wi)>erian, wi)>erbrocian' .To be opposed/averse to: mn ongean, l>w!orian, wi)>erweardian' .To make hostile to, provoke: wi)>erian .To become provobd: wi)>erian See 08.01.03.09.06 Hostility; 13.02/f. War 12.05.02.01 Lack of peacefulness: unstillnes, ungeJ>wltre .Restiveness, unndlnc11: unstillnes .A tumult, uproar, distorl>ance: gech!fednes, gehlyd .A disturber, turbulent penon: (ge)drefend, drefre0 .Unruly: unstille .Rombustio-. DOiiy: hlydende .Unquiet, disturbed: unbli)>e. unstille .To disturb, brat up, disrupt: Hran, (ge)dr!fan .To disturb, clll'lluiet: (ge)dr!fan, (ge)unstill(i)an See 08.01.03.05 Complaint 561

12.0S.03 Disagreement, discord, dissension 12.05.03 Dfsagaeemmt, dl1COrcl, dilsrreion: getcr, t6dil, t~fnes°', tOslitnes, t0twemednes0 , tOwesnes, t~es. twisebtnes0 g, ungerid, unger&dnes, unseht, unsibb, uns0m. un(ge)t>wzre, un(ge)t>wemes .Not in aga eement, at variance: twimdc, twisehtg, ungcrid, un(ge)seht, un(ge)sibb, ungcsOm0 , un(ge)t>were, ungct>wterlic .To dl•gtee, differ from: tobcran wit>, twischtang, unsibbiang, unget>wzrian .To caw dlueMioa. divide: t~lan, tOscladan, twteman .To stir up strife/enmity: fathl>e (ge)st2lan, synne stelan

See 09.07.03 Dissent 12.05.03.01 Quarrel, contentiousness, strife: ceas, ceast, (ge)cid, (ge)ftit, geftitenq, geftitfulnes, sacu, talu, twintdnes, i>rzft0 P, ungem0dignes0 , ungem0dnes0 , unseht, unsehtnes0 , ungesibsumnes, un(ge)t>watmes, gewesnes0 , (ge)winn, wiJ>erwenning°', wroht .A quarrel-monger: flitere .Contentious, quarrelsome: ceaslunger 0 , ceastful, (ge)ftitful, ftitfullic, (ge)ftitgeom, giil>geom°', orleggifre0 P, sacful, t>w&:>rtieme, ungemOd, ungesibsum, unget>witre, wrohtgeom .To contend, wrangle, quarrel: (ge)cidan, cncatian8, (ge)flitan, sacan, geteon 12.05.04 Strife, hostility: 1Codgewinn°P, nij>, orlege, orlegnipP .Murderous bate, strife: billhete0 P .A conlict, hostile meeting: gem&ing, gemOt, t0ryne0 g .An opposer, enemy, advenary: andsacaP, scildhete0 P, (ge)winna. wil>feobtend .Hostile: orlege .To encounter hostility, meet attack: gem!tan, gemittan .To be In conftld with: beon/wesan ibisgod wit> .To turn on: wendan on

See 05.06.07 Puncture; 08.01.03.09.06 Hostility 12.05.04.01 Fighting, contention. warfare, strife: feohte, fitt, (ge)ftit, hearmplega0 P, (ge)lie, m21°P, Oret0 P, samodgeftit°g, stnp, tog°g, gewealc, (ge)winn .Worldly strife: woruldgefeoht°, woruldsacu0 , woruldwig .Andent stnJgle: zrgewinnop, ealdgewinnP, fymgeftitP, fymgewinn°P .To strive, struggle: (ge)feohtan .To tight, strive, contend aplnst: (ge)ftnan, gehnzstan°P, sacan, gewegan wit>, (ge)winnan, (ge)winnan ongean/wit>, wil>flt"bm0 8, wil>sacan

S62

12.0S.OS Resistance, repulsing .To contend vigorously: ellencampian°' .Contendlq/stiu1sling toptber: samwinnende0 '

See 13.02.03ff Attack

12.05.04.01.01 F1ptlns, a ftgbt: (ge)feoht, feohtlac .An exchange of blows: gegnslege0 P .A hitting bard with &ts: f'Ystgeb&l .Act of ftpting in a house: fletgefeoht. infiht. ins0cnq .An assailant: ehtend, ofercymend, onirisende, onntsend .To avail, attack: forgrfpan, onsacan, onsittan .To rush upon, attack: be~san .To attack savagely, attack: gewn!).>an .To brawl, spar: sacian, spyrran, wigian° .To assault and knock over: oferweorpan 12.05.04.02 Venpance, revqe: wracu, wrecnes •Vengeance for trouble/grief: gnymwracu0 P, gymwracuP .Grievous revenge: tomwracu0 P .Revqe for blood: bl0dwracu0 .Vqeance for a relative: ~ggewracu0 -Vengeance for brothers: broj>orgyJdOf> .Deadly feud, vendetta: fzhl> .An avqer: wrecend -Out of neceaity: neadwraca0 .Sin-avenging, guilt-punishing: scyldwreccende0 P .(Of a person) unavenged: unwrecen .To avqe, revqe, take revenge: iwrecan, gieldan, wrace don, (ge)wrecan

12.05.04.02.01 Retribution, requital: edleanung', lean .What Is given in requital, return: (ge)wrixl .In retal.iation: on l>i wrace .To repay, requite (injury, etc.): gieldan, (ge)leanian .To give in requital: gewrixlian .To get in requital: gewrixlian See 14.05.03 Retribution 12.05.05 Resistance, repulsing: andwfgP, foresteall, ofersteall, wil>ersteall, wil>rc0 P, wil>setnes0 ' .That resists, stnlggling apinst: ongeanwinnende •To resist, oppoee: andhweorfan°P, irisan wil>, licgan ongw, striman', iip ahebban handa, (ge)winnan ong!an/wil>, wil>gangan, wil>licgan 563

12.0S.06 Grasp, power, control, mastery .To enpge apinst: lbisgian wiJ> .To resist, bold out against: ongean (ge)healdan, wiJ>ababban°P, wiJ>erstandani, wiJ>habban, wiJ>settan, wiJ>standan, wiJ>wiJ>erian° .To labour, contend against: iwinnan wit> .To make a stand: bidsteall gifan .To be defiant: heafod hebban, wealian° .To ward olf: warian, (ge)warnian See 06.02.07.04 Obstinacy 12.05.06 Gnsp, power, control, mastery: gripe, handgeweald0 P, bring, mund .To prevail: forstandan, framian, (ge)fremman, magianS, rfcsian, strangian, swtpan, swlJ>ian, swlJ>rian .To overwhelm, overcome: (ge)cnyssan, ofercuman, ofergin, ofergangan, ofersettan .To undermine, overthrow: underdelfan •To cast down, overthrow: ilecgan .To overcome, brush aside: ofergetilianq .To overcome, pt the better of: oferwealdan .To subdue, tame, bring low: ibygan, (ge)brccan, onhieldan, (ge)wieldan See 12 Power; 13.02.05.01.01 Conquer 12.05.06.01 Restraint, check, curl>, control: gebundenness, steor, geweald .Di8cipline, control, harnessing: J>Codscipe .A curb, bridle, yoke: brfdel(s), geoc, geweald .A yoke, burden: gespan .Repressed, curbed: ofseten .self-controlled: gewealdenm0d0 P -Undisciplined, uncontrolled: earfoJ>lere, un(ge)midlod, unJ>CawfuJS .To bridle, restrain, curb: lnlfdlian, (ge)b~tan. (ge)bndlian, gecafstrian°, (ge)midlian, ymbebittan°P .To bind, comtraln, hamper: iseJanP, bebindan, (ge)J>~stan .To disdpllne, restrain, confine: gepyndan, (ge)~lan .To compel, restrain: ibzdan .To ae&tialn, bold back: beR>n, behealdan, bewerian (fram), geniman, st6wigian°S, geteon, (ge)J>ryccan, (ge)wieldan, wiJ>teon .To restrain, check, bold back: adrysnian', forbeodan, forhabban, gestillan, gep~tian, wiJ>bregdan, gewnpan .To aeatraln, confine, bold: f!gan, geheftan, ymbhabban See 11.11.02 Hindrance; 12.03.06 Prohibit

S64

12.05.06.02.03 Trouble, disturbance 12.05.06.02 Opprc1slon: ofeafiecednes, onnrcd0 P .Oppression, bardnea, beavinea: hefignes .IJVustice, oppraaion: unriht .Oppression, repression, restraint: ofl>rycnes, J>rCanicdlaP .Coercion, repression: gestynJ>o .Force, violence, oppression: I>~ .A violent person, using force: nydnima', )>reatend .Oppressed~

forscrenct

.Fordbly, oppressively: nearwe .(Of defeat) heavily, tevenly, Olea wWmbllly: swtpost .To oppress: h01ian°S, (ge)niJ>erian, ofsettan, ofsittan, ofl>ryccan, onsittan .To afllict, oppress: (ge)J>reat(n)ian, (ge)J>ryccan, (ge)wltcan .To bead upon, trample, oppress: ihenans, grindan, ofertrcdan, tredan •To weigh down, aftlict, oppress: (ge)hefigian, geJ>ryscan, (ge)wl!gan ..To lay as a burden, impose: (ge)fittan .To sit/weigh heavily on, oppress, harden: on (ge)sittan, onufan (ge)sittan,

sittan •To oppress, bear down, impede: onsettan .To crush, press, oppress: ll>t'Yccan, forbrecan, forsettan, fortredan .To oppress, depress: (ge)J>ryccan •To overtax, press too bard, overmatcb: ofersecan .To oppress, overwhelm: forj>ryccan See 12.0/.0/.09 Slavery •

12.05.06.02.01 Tyranny: genydgewald0 P, rfceter(e) .A tyrant: lCodhata •To tyrannize: rfcsian 12.05.06.02.02 Persecution: eahtnes, ehting, ehtnes, onehtings .A penecutor: eahtendP, ehtend, 81tere .To penecute: Aehtan°S, besettan ebtnysse on, eabtanP, (ge)ehtan. ehtend gestandan, ofCbtanS 12.05.06.02.03 Trouble, disturbance: ibisgung .Tribulation: (ge)cost(n)ung ••Great tribulation: ofercostung0 S ..Place of tribulation: costnung, costnungstOw 0 .Grievous penecution, sore tribulation: sirwracu .Oppressiveness, burdensomeness, trouble: befignes .(Figurative) chastisement, aftliction: swinge, swingel, swipu

S6S

12.05.06.03 Necessity, constraint .Troublesome, annoying: hefig, hefigmOd, hefigtyme .Detrimentally, apinst one's inteJests: wilJerweardlice .To aftlict: iiswencan -To aftlict, vex: (ge)dreccan, (ge)wt!lan -To aftlict, make wretched: (ge)hienan, (ge)ierman .To bring low, harass, aftlict greatly: foryrman •To inflict (on/upon): an beset tang, gefa:stnian on, onbeledan, o~fa:stan -To inftict calamity: wroht ilccgan .To ill-heat, harass, afllict: mistucian, (ge)tiwian (to bysmore), (ge)tiician (to bysmorelyfle), yfle babban, wierdan .To ill-treat, harass, torture: (ge)swencan .To chastise, amict, plague: (ge)swingan .(Of aftliction, etc.) to strike: fundian to See 08.01.03.07.02/f Affliction

12.05.06.03 Neceaity, constraint: oiedl>earf .A compulsion, necessity: niedl>earfnes .Compulsion, force: neadhiid0 g, neadung, oied, nydma:gen°g .Compulsory, forced: geniedelic0 , genydenlic0 .Forcibly, by force: neadlunga, neadunga, niede, oiedinga .To compel, force, drive: benidan°g, besciifan, be~ridian, dn-Can, fordratfan°, fomydan°, (ge)neadian, (ge)niedan, gescrifan, ge}>eowan, ge~reagan/ge~reawian, (ge)~reat(n)ian

.To comtrain, compel: (ge)healdan .To impose (something): (ge)lccgan -To impose, force by neceaity: get>earfian .(Of moral conquest) to overcome, subject: gewieldan .To exact service from: nyd}>eowigan°, gewnpan See 06.02.04 Inevitable

12.05.06.03.01 Pressure, compulsion: ge~f .To prea, urge, force: igenstandan, ~rietan

0

12.05.06.04 A trampling upon, subjection: hiennes, underdrifennes0 g .Being repressed, subjection, slavery: geweald .A subduer, subjugator: gewieldend .A subject person/people: hierend, under}>eod •.A subordinate, subject, underling: underling .Subject, under control: under(ge)~ed. gewealden, gewielde _(Of people) subordinate, subject: under}>eod 566

12.05.07 Casting out, rejection .Under subjection: under, under hand .To subdue, subjugate: gecierran (tO), geblJm&l(i)an, onbrgan, underbel>Cdan°', underbiegans, under(ge)IJ&>dan, underplantianS .To subjugate: (ge)hienan, in anweald gerea:an, (ge)wieldan -To subjugate a people: (ge)hiersumian -To oppre., subjugate: (ge)t>&>wan .To bring into subjection, conquer: (ge)hiersumian -To beat violently, oppress, conquer: gel:>ringan .To compel submiaion to: (ge)wieldan to .To keep in subjection: spannan, get>rYn, J>rysman° .To lead off, auT)' off: il~dan .To make prisoner: gehzftan •To bring into captivity: (ge)hzftan, gel>Cwtian° .To seize, secure: (ge)wieldan

See 13.02.05.02 Defeat

12.05.06.04.01 Submlsslon to action, toleration: get>afung .To permit, suffer, tolerate: (ge)J>afian, (ge)f>olian .To undergo: undergangan° 12.05.06.04.02 Submission, subjection, obedience: hrersumnes, undeJ1>Comed(i)an, (ge)fylgan, on hand gin, onhieldan, underbiigan .To submit, yield, bend in submission to: onbiigan .To receive as master, submit to: underf'On .To be subject to: belimpan, hieran to, licgan (in/on/under), underlicgan .To give in, agne: gef>yldanq .To give way to, yield to (sin, etc.): underlicgan •To be oveftOllle, fall: feallan See 07.04.03 Reve~nce; 12.01.01.12.01 Obedience; 13.02.05.02.01 Surrender 12.05.07 Cuting out, rejection: forwyrpnes0 S, wierping°S .What is cast away: iworpednes0 8, iworp(en)nes .To throw away: iweorpan •To reject, spurn, cast aside: forsencan° , forweorpan, (ge)spurnan, t0spurnan°8, wif>weorpan .To repulse, repel, not accept: inidan 567

12.0S.07.01 Separation, dismissal, rejection .To decline, nfule: forbiigan, forsacan .To refuse to acapt, return: tO handa weorpan .To refuse, reject, dinppron of: forcwet>an -To reject with scorn: fol'Xon .To throw of'f, free oneself from: iwcorpan of .To rid of, get rid of: Aceorfan fram/of .To cast of'f, renounce (idea, etc.): iwcorpan .To rmounc:e, reject, give up: wiJ>sacan -To rmounc:e, give up claim to: onsacan .To fonake, renounce: iwegan, forsacan, wi~secgan .To dediM to bear, refuse to undergo: forsacan

See 05.l 2.02.04 Cast 0111; 07.05.01 ff Censure; 12.04.03.01 Alienation 12.05.07.01 Separation, clismissal, rejection: scirung° .To dismia: tl!can fram, tOforl~tan .To put out of commission, dlsclua~: scylian of mile .To sead away, eject, expel: (ge)sendan .To order out, banish: beodan iit .To banish, expel: forwrecan

See 14.03.03.09.03 Outlawry; 16.02.04.19 Excommunication 12.06 A province, country, territory: ml!g~. mearc, mearcland .Juri9dictioa, territory, country: eard, corj>e, folcland, folde, grund, land,

landcofa0 1 , landmearca. landrice, landstede0 P, ICodgeardP, lcodmearcP. leodscipe, onweald, t>eod -A broad, atemive land: sfdlandP, widland .A dominion: geweald .A kingdom, realm, empire: cynedom, cynerice, hCafodrice, rice .A tetrarchy: fi~rrice .A princely kinadom: bregorfce, bregostoJP, brytenriceP, gumrfceP .An earthly kingdom: corl>rice. woruldrice .A kingdom east of another: wtrfce .A kingdom in the east: wtrrce .A middle kingdom: middelrfce .A western kingdom: westrfce See 02.03.03.03 Nation; 05. 10.04.02 Region 12.06.01 Particular countries: 12.06.01.01 Englawl: engla land, seaxland

.East Anglia: wtengle 568

12.06.02 District, province .Kent: cent, centescrrq, centland, cenmce ..Isle of Wiabt: wiht, wihtland .Norfolk: nort>folc .Suffolk: siil:>folc .Weaex: wcstseaxe, wcstseaxena land/rice .Mercia: mierce, mircna land/rice .Northumbria: norl>(an)hymbre .Mercl•n-Nortbumbrian border: humbre streames geml!re, geml!re See 02.03.03.05.01 The English 12.06.01.02 Britain: breotenrice, bryten, brytenland .Wales: brytland, nort>wcalas, w!alas ..The Welsh border: geml!re .Among the Comish: on westw!alas, on westw!alum

See 02.03.03.05 Peoples of Britain 12.06.01.03 The Continent: t>eoweg, norweg .Sweden: sweoland0 , SWCoriceP .Estonia: eastland

See 02.03.03.06 Continental peoples 12.06.02 District, province: boldgettel, scrr .District under authority: folgol:>, hremcs ..Under English law: on engla lage ..Under Danish law: on dene lage .A tu district: manung, s0cn, tollscir ..In Kent: siilung .Land under a reeve: sundorgereftand0 g .A shire: scir .A riding: l:>nl>ing •.A riding subdivision: w&pen(ge)ttec .A lathe (of several hundreds): li:I:> ..A hundred: hundred .A parish: rihtscir 0 569

12.06.02.01 A township -Parish assigned to • priest: rihtscriftscfr

See 02.03.03.04.03 People of shire 12.06.02.01 A tow••bip: burhscir .A manor: run .Enclosed land round dwelling: run .A town, dty, villa&e: bold, boldwelaP, burg, (ge)burgscipe, caste!, ceaster, ceasterwic0 ' ICodburgP, port. stoclif, run, l>orp, wic ..A town oa a height: heahburg ..A cathedral town: bisceopstOI, mynsterstow 0 ..An exposed town: wederburg°P ..A fortified town: fzsten, hleoburhP ..A neighbouring town: neahceaster 0 ..A seaport: Sl!burg°S, Sl!ceaster0 ' ..A ricbldellghtftd town: goldburgP, hordburgP, meduburgP, winburgP, wynburhq .A dty: burgstedeP, burgtilnop, eardungburg°, freoburh0 P ..A royal/capital dty: cynesetl, cynestOl, el>elstOIP, heafod, beafodburh, beafodport0 , beafodstOI, heahburg ..A metropolis: ealdorburg -Rome: rom, romeburg ..A city boundary: burgende0 P .A suburb: underburg° ,Open place, Sb eet: plzce8 .Urban, munidpal: ceastemisc0 See 02.03.03.04.05 Populace oftown; 13.02.06.01 Stronghold 12.06.02.01.01 Country (not town): folcstOw 0 , land, uppeland0 .Rural, from beyond town: feldlic, runlic0 ' , ilplendisc 12.06.03 A site, settlement: el>elseldP' el>elst$o1°P. st$olwangP .A colony, settlement: landbilend, landbilnes Search for land to settle on: lands0cnP .settler, colonist: landseta°' .Habitable: eardiendlic0 .Inhabited: ibiirod0 , byne, geseten -Coloaiwd, furn.isbed with '1eburas': gebyred0 S .Populous: folclic, folcwelig°S -Fully peopled: fullmannod0 .To plant (with settlen): (ge)settan 570

12.06.04 Native land

.To populate a place: (gc)l6gian See 04.05.03 Dwelling-place 12.06.03.01 Waste lalMI, daerted place: w&tenstapol0 P, w&tncs& .Not inhabited: manl!uog, unbyed& .Uninhabitable: ungcwunclic, un(gc)wuniendlic .Desolate, unpopulated: l!ll!te, !!men, w&ten, w&tig .Away from habitation: iitc .To leave, cease to occupy: forl~tan

See 01.01.02.01.06 Wild land 12.06.03.02 Livlna, dwelling, residence (ln): droht(n)o)>, droht(n)ung, eardung, onwist0 P, onwunung, sell, wunung .Habitation ofa country: cardbcgcngncsg, landbcgang&, landbcgcngncsoS .Dwelling ln one's own country: eardwunung° .Joint occupancy of a place: gcnu!nnes .Continued occupancy/residence: J>urhwunung .That resides, resident: standendc .settled, independent, propertied: hcorl>facst° .To occupy, bold, Uve ln: gcagnian, gesittan, warian, (ge)wunian

See 02.03.03.04 Inhabitant 12.06.03.03 A nelahboar: landgcmaca&, neahbiicnd0 P, neahgcbiir,

neahgebyYen, neahgebyrildog, neahgehiisa8, nCahmann, (ge)nichsta .A local amociate, fellow-citizen, neighbour: gelera .Local auociates, neighboun: efenceasterwaran .A neighbour, borderer: ymbsittcnd, ymbstandcnd .Foreign borderers: aclmyrcc0 P .Warlike borderers: gii)>myrcc0 P .A neigbbourlng tribe/province: neahml!g)>, neah)>eod ..A border district: gcnu!re .A nelgbbourlng people: bffylcc0 12.06.04 Native land: igcn, (ge)cYJ>I>, ealdcy)>J>, eardland0 P, e)>cl,

C)>cleard0 P, cJ>cllandP, e)>clrfccP, CJ>clturf, facder C)>cl, him •True native land: rihtc)>c1° .Beloved native land: eardlufu0 P .A common homeland: samodcard°P .Joy of ownership/country: e)>clwynnP .Of our land/country: iirelendisc0 .Of your land/country: eowerlendisc0

571

12.06.04.01 Binhplace .At home, within a country: binnan gc~re. binnan g~rwn. innan hordes, innan landcs .Home(wards), towards one's native country: him, himwcard(cs) See 02.03.03.03.01 Native people 12.06.04.01 Birthplace: ccnningstow

See 02.01.03.03.03 Birth 12.06.05 A foreip country: el(c)land, uncyt>t>u, iltland, wealland

.Foreip parts: cllcndc .A foreigner, stranger: elt>eodiga, iltancumcn, iltlcnda, iltlcndisc, iltscytling°S, wcalh .A foreign people: zlfylccP, clf>&>d ..As enemy: zlfyJccP .Foreign: clclcndisc8, ellcndc, cl)>eodig, cll>Codiglic, clt>eodisc, fremde, tocumcndc, uncut>. Qtacumcn, iltacund8. utancumcn, iltcra, iltlende, iltlcndisc, iltlic, wiclisc ..Foreign, distant: elj>Codig ..Foreign, from afar: feor(ran)cumcn, feor(ran)cund ..From over water: of~lic , ofe~wisc ..With other speech: elreord, clreordig .Dwelling afar off: feorbilcndP ..Living in another country: cll>Codig .Barbarian, savage: bzrbzre0 8, elreord, elreordig, ungerad ••Unsubdued: unitemcd0 ••Without intelligible Jansuaae: ungcreord0 8 .Abroad, away from home, out: cll>Codigc, cll>Cod(ig)lice, ill, utan bordes, utan landcs, ilte, wrzclfcc 0

12.06.05.01 State of exile, banishment: elj>Codignes, giestingq, wracu,

wrzcscipc0 8, wrzcs1]> .Ad of banishing: forewritcnncs0 8 .Path of exile: wraclistP .Place of exile: wracsct1°P, wrzcstow .An exile: cardwrccca0 , fticma, tOdrifen .An exile, wanderer, stranger: wrzcca .A fugitive, wanderer: fticma, ftiemin~. nydfara0 P, nydgcnga0 P, wrzcmon°P .A wanderer, exile: cardstapa0 P, mcarcstapaP .A vagrant, vagabond: hleapere, woriend 572

wr~c.

12.07.01 One's due, natural place or position .An edle, outlaw: freondleas mann, wulfes heafod .EDled, banished: iftiemed, el~g. fordrifen, forwracned0 , forwrecen, Oflidri:fedO .Fugitive: (ge)flieme, ftfemig' .Into exile: on el~. on ell>Codige .To 10 into exile: fteon .To bo'wander in edle: wracian, wracnian, wr&clistas wunian See 12.04.04 Solitude; 12.05.07 Rejection; 14.03.03.09.03 Outlawry

12.07 An obliptlon, bounden duty: ~igness, nfed, nfedscyld0 , niedl>earf .A duty. due: gelast .Respomibility: pleoh .Conscience: ingehygd, inge}>anc, inge}>Oht, ingewitnes, gewitt .Bound, obliged, under obliaatlon: gewrit>en .Deserving of, subject/liable (to): weor}> .Of necessity, as reqwred (by law, etc.): niede .To behove, be the duty of: ansan, becuman, (ge)byrian, tobelimpan ••To be obliged/bound (to do): igan, habban ••Is obliged/bound (to do): sceal, l>earf .Shall, must, ought to, etc.: sceal .To bear/be under obliptloa: iberan .To take upon oneself: astundian .To cliscbarae on obligation, pay: ibycgan, (ge)li:stan .To account for (an action): witan See 06.02.04 Necessity; 12.05.06.03 Constraint; 14.01.05 Service 12.07.01 One's due, natural place or position: (ge)cynd, gemet .RJgbt, due, measure:~}>. (ge)riht .RJgbtful, proper, due: gecynde, gecyndelic, domfzstP, neadwrs, onriht, rihtlic, gerisenlic .Proper, fitting: gec0p, gec0plic, ml!}>lic .Meet, suitable, fit: gedafni(g)endlic', gelic, gemetlic ..(Of things) adequate, suitable, fair: gem~e ••Likely, apparendy suJtable: (ge)liclic .Worthy, suitable, fitting: weor}>ful, weor}>lic ••Observina the just mean, fit, meet, worthy: medeme ••Flt, meet, becoming, proper: weor}> .RJgbdy, properly: gelimplice ..Rlgbdy, properly, admirably, excellendy: cymlfceP .F1Uin1ly, worthily, properly: weor}>fullice, weof1>lice 573

12.07.02 Observance, keeping

.Through, by right/virtue of: )>urh See 03.06.03 Fitness; 07.04.02Deserts; 11.05.02.01 Standard 12.07.02 Obsenance, keepin&: begfmcn, begfmingi, behealdennes, gcheald. healding°', healdnes, (ge)healdsumnes, gehield, gehieldnes0 , waru .Dutiful: arfzst .To obsene, keep: begfman, (ge)healdan, l0cian -To bold, keep (peace, law, etc.): behealdan, onhealdan°P .To respect, observe: (ge)hlystan •To adhere to, follow dictates of: begin .To bold to, keep up, observe: forphealdan .To fHlfll, respect, cany out: br!man, fullgin, fullian 12.07.02.01 Covenant, USl1l'IUlce of faith, promise: fzstnung, treow, (ge)treow)> .A promise, covenant: frumsp~c .A solemn wunmce, covenant, word: triiwa, word ..A solemn compact: hCahtreow 0 P .A pledge, solemn promise, covenant, compact: wedd .To engage, pledge oneself: (ge)treowsian .To make a matter sure, engaae, promise: getrymman .To pve one's word to: treowe geniman to .To pve (a pledge): bet&can .To confess a purpose, promise, vow: andettan .To profess oneself ready for: behilan .To will, profess, claim: willan

See 14.03.03.04 Oath; 16.02.04.15 Vow 12.07.02.01.01 A promise: (ge)beot, (ge)hit, word(ge)bCotP .A vow, promise: behzs, behit, foregehit .A promising, promise: wordbeotung0 P •What is promised, a promised good: gehit ..A promise of money: feohbehit°, feohgehit ..Promise of numerous offsprina: womgehit0 P .Not promised: ungehliten° .To promise: behlitan, beotian, fore(ge)hilani, (ge)hitan, onhitanP -To make (a promiselvow): gehilan -To vow/promise boastfully: (ge)beotian .To promise or vow not to, renounce: forhitan 12.07.02.01.01.01 A promise, oath: word

574

12.07.03.01 Impunity .A promiae oa oath: At>gehit°', il>wedd°I •To vow with an oath: IJ>swerianq .To promhe, swear: lswerian, (ge)swerian .To deny with oaths, lmp1ecate, swear: Adilstrians

12.07.02.02 Truth, faltbful-, good faith, slncerlty: s0J>fzstnes, treown!den°P .Truth, troth, (good) faith, honour: (ge)treow, (ge)treowJ>, truwa ..A season of faith/truth: treowJ>ragP .Truth, fidelity to a promise: 501> .A man loyal to a covenant: w~rgenga .Trustworthy, true: 50l>fest, (ge)treoweltriwe, (ge)treowfzst. getreowful, trum -True to one's word: wordfzst -Faitblully, loyally: (ge)treowlrce .Sure, trusty, true, trustworthy: sicor, unswicol, gewiss -Reliable, true, good, trustworthy: gOd, riht ••Tried, proven: (ge)cost •Truly, in ac:cont.11,.... with a promise: s0J>e .To be trusty, faithful, &rm: getreowfzstnian°1 See 06.01.08.03/f Trust; 12.01.01.12 Luyalty

12.07.02.02.01 To break a promise, vow, etc.: lleogan, forbrecan, forwyrcan 12.07.03 Abstinencelexempdon (from): stil(l)nes .Freedom (from trouble, etc.): freodOm .Not accountable, not nsponsible: unscyldig .Free, unaffected, exempt: fr&> .Exempted, quit of: stille -Free/exempt from sin/crime: J>ingllas -Freed from a charge, excused: onsec' .Is not obliged/bound (to do): nib .To be exempt from: lspelian of -To get dear of, get exemption: sciran See 11.06.04 Abstention; I l.lnes0 .An honest man: unnij>ing° .Honest, true, without deception: ferhtS, s6~fa:st, unfi!cne .Honestly: unbryde0 .To be without fraud, be honest: clene ba:c habban 12.08.02.03.01 Honourable conduct, dignity: geris(e)ne .Good, honourable, noble, proper: sel .Honourable: irweorj>ful, gecoren, rihtwyrpe .Honourably, uprightly, virluously: bilewitlice, rihtlrce, unfracodllce0 See 07.02.04.02 Nobleness; 07.08.02 Honour 12.08.03 Restraint, temperance: beha:fcdnes0 S 578

12.08.03.03 Moral restraint, modesty, sobriety .Moderation, temperance: gemetgung, syt'emes .self-restraint: on~ P .Frugality, moderation: gneapncs .Moderate: gehealden, gemetlic, syfrc .Frugal, abstemious: gnca)>/gnead .Temperately, in moderadon: gemetlrce, syt'erlfce .?Discreetly, in an orderly manner: gefsedlice .To control, govem (oneself): getemprian See 04.01.01.06 Eating; 04.01.03.03 Sober 0

12.08.03.01 AbstinelK'e (from): forwiemednes .Denial, rmnnciation (of flesh, etc.): wit>sacungl! .Abstemious, disciplined: forhcbbend, forhcfed See 11.06.04 Abstention; 12.07.03 Exemption 12.08.03.02 Strictness, austerity, severity: heardnes, heardlicnes0 .Hardship, severity: unge~se ,Severity, strictness, rigour: sul>ncs, stnec, t>earlwrsnes .Hard. not luxurious: sUl>lic ..(Of living, discipline, etc.) rough, bard: stearc .(Of discipline, conduct) stem, severe: strtc, strtclic, swij>lic .Strict, severe, austere: sbl> .Very bani, severe: forheard .(Of Judgement) strict, severe: nearu .Stem, harsh, of severe mind: l>earlmMP .Rigid, unyielding: heard .Strictly: eomostlice, fcstlice, stearclice .Hardly, without eaw: heardlice See 14.05.01 Correction 12.08.03.03 Moral restraint, modesty, sobriety: forscamung°S, gehealdsumncs .SObriety, discretion, modesty: gemetfcstnes .SObriety, sobeaoas: syfemcs .Restrained, modest, virtuous, sober: gehealdsum, gemetfcst, gemetfcstlic, gemetlic, sidelic ..or dress: sideful .SOber, moderate, not acaslve: gemetlic, syferlic .SOberly, modestly: gemetfcstlice, get>ungenliceS .SOberty, purely, witb restraint: syt'erlrce

579

12.08.03.03.01 Continence 12.08.03.03.01 Continence: behealdennes .Continence, restraint: forh2fednes, h2bbednes0 , h2bbungs .Continence, chastity: gehealdsumnes .Continent: gehealdendgeom0 S, gehealdsum -Continent, chute: gehealden .Contiaeady, with restraint: fol'h2fendlice0 , forwiemedlice 12.08.03.03.01.01 Chastity: ch!nnes .Chastity, modesty, virtue: hygdigness, scamf2stnes0 S, gepungennes ..Modesty, bashfulness: scamu .Chute: clzne ..Modest, chute, virtuous: ciisc0 P , heofonbig(g)endeS, hygdig, scamfa:st, scamfulS -Bubful, modest: scamJic .Chastely: hygdiglice0 8 12.08.04 Purity, moral dNnness: ch!nnes, clcnsung, orceasness, syferlicnes, peorfnes, un(ge)wem(med)nes .Absence of vice or defect: orleahter .Sincerity, purity: hl0torlicnes0 , hliitomes .Pure, chaste: cll!ne, ch!nlic, heofonlic, syfre ..Very pure: full clzne, heahhliitor 0 .(Flgurative) dNr, pure: hlOtor .Undefiled, pure, umullied: orceass, uniwemmed, uniwidlod8, unbesmiten, unml!le, unml!ne, unwemlic0 S, unwemme, un(ge)wemmed .Fauldeu, free from oft'eace: leahtorleas ..Sinleu, without sin: synleas .(Of virtue) safe, inviolate: gehealdsum .Incorruptible, immaculate: unifiiliende, uni1wemmedlic0 8, unawemmende .(Of spiritual purity) fair: f2ger, hwit .Pure, sincere: cll!ne, hliitor, untwifeald .Pure, whole, pure of heart: cll!nmOd, hil, hi1lfa:st0 , scir ..Pure in heart: clcnheort, hygech!ne0 P ••Yearning after purity: clzngeom .aeansed: ibywed .Purely, chastely: cll!nlice, syferlice .Purely, with sincerity: hliitorlice .Purely, uncorrupdy: ungewemmedlice .To deanse, make pure: Ahliittrian, ilmerian, aseopan, ij>wean (frarnlof), bech!nsianq, (ge)cll!nsian, (ge)feormian, merian 580

12.08.06.01 Error, wrong conduct. erroneous practice -To dea,se in tbe fire, parity:

iseopm of, (ge)felsian, s&>pm

12.08.05 Innocence: bilewitnes, unbealu0 P, ungesael>fulnes0 S, unscsel>fulnes, un(ge~J>l>ignes, unscyldS, unscyldgungS, unscyldignes .An innocent man: unwemmend ..An innocent (i.e. a lamb among wolves): lamb ..Simplicity, ingenuousness: infealdnes .Innocent, guiltless: bealuleas, bilewit, fr!o, orscyldeq, scyldleas, unbealaful, ungyltig0 , unscsepful, unscsel>l>ig, unscendende8, unscyldig, unsynnig -(Of cblldren) innocent, without reason: un(ge)wittig ..Innocent, without guile: flicenleas, grandorlw0 P ..Innocent, harmless: clzcleas, underiende, unscsel>l>(ig)ende ..Inoffensive, innocent: lij>l!as .Innnceutly: unscsepfullice, unsceppiglice0 , unscyldiglice See 14.03.03.08 Justijicalion 12.08.0S.Ol Blameless: bismerlw0 P, orleahtre, tltlleas0 , untltle, untltllic, un~lwierJ>e

.Not culpable, unblamewortby: unlcahtorwyr1Je0 , ungelzccendlic0 8

.Unblamed: un~led .Blamelessly: tltlleaslrce0 ..Blamelessly, without nproacb: untJtllice .Gulltlessly: bUtan gylte, unsynnumop

0

12.08.06 Moral evil, depnvity: iennl> .Unhappiness (from lack of moral good): ungull> .Weakening (ofmonl sbengtb): gemengednes .Danger (of moral harm): plcoh, pliht ..Moral canker: riist .A vice, moral fault or defect: uncyst, unriht .An evil habit, vice: unrihtcyst", unsidu, unlJCaw, unwrenc, ungewuna. wierdnesS .Moral impurity, foul practice: fYll> See 07.03 Evil 12.08.06.01 Enor, wrong conduct, erroneous practice: (ge)dwola, hwyrllung, gemearr, misgedwield0 P .Enor, (wicked) folly: (ge)fteard .DJ doing, demerit: unwyrht" .Miaconduct, lraegularity: misfadung .Wlckedne1s, ml-:oucluct, evil behaviour: hearddlp, misntd 581

12.08.06.01.01 Pollution, impairment ~wiscnes,

fracot>scipe0 .Penersity, depravity, iniquity: forhwicrfednes0 , lysu, 1>weora, (ge)l>weomes, 1>weorscipe0 , wil>ermednes, wit>ennedo. wi}>erwcardnes .An impure action: gewemmednes .Sinful thought: synnet>Ohtq .An improper wish: unrihtwilla .An evil art, ill practice: uncreft .Sbameless/scandalous conduct:

.One who acts with (wicked) folly: fteardere0 .A moral fall: fiell, hryre .A ruined person: forworht

.Evil nature: inwitgecynd0 P .An evil, depraved race: earful>cynn°P, mincynnq See 06.01.07.05 Error; 11.05.02.03 lndecorum 12.08.06.01.01 Pollution, impairment: gewemming, wemnes0 .Conuption: iwemmendnes0 B, gebrosnung, ijlnes, gewemmednes, . wemnung -(Figurative) conupt matter: wyrms .An evil seed: un5Zd0 .An evil gift: ungifu .An Utjury cauled by sin: synnleaw 0 , synwund .A guilty stain (on soul): minwamm0 P

12.08.06.01.02 Lacking moral good: unge5Zlig .(Of Cain) bad, worthless: cystJeas0 P .Bad, vain: minideJP, yfeldysigog .Given to evil-living: yfellibbendeog .Errant, straying, sinfui: woriende .(Of life) reprobate: iworpenlic .(Of conduct) ill-regulated: ungel>Cawfa:st0 B .Profligate: steorleas .Conuptible: gewemmedlic0 .Vicious, proftigate, prodigal: earg .Perverse, wicked, depraved: forhwicrfed, forhwierfedlic0 , lysu, 1>weorh,

1>weorhlic, wiJ>ennede, wil>erwcard ..Sunk in vice: forgriwen° .Wicked, depraved, degenerate: ibrol>en, gea:rwe0 S, ierre, lyl>e1ful0 , 1>weorhtieme, woh .Penerted: mis(be)hworfen, mishweorfed J>ecenerate: misboren, miswende 582

12.08.06.01.04.01 To mislead, seduce, lead astray .Corrupted: ewmt, gel!fed J>econt, corrupt, sick: idlig, seoc .Polluted, pea terted, corrupt: forcierred, forwordenlic, gefYled, gewlt!t .Morally dangerous: pleolic .Vicious, seductive: leahtorfull .Corrupting, polluting: forweorpende, gewemmendlic0 S .Fallen: fort>AslidenoS .Ruined: forworht See 06.02.07.05.02 Moral weakness

12.08.06.01.03 Evilly, badly: yfle .Pervenely, wrongly: on ~weorh, ~weores, ~weorlice ..Worse: wiers ..Wont: wierst 12.08.06.01.04 To lead a bed life: mislybban .To tarn In wroaa direction, be perverted: rniswendan, o~rran°P .To go astray, err, tramp ea: rnisfaran, wandrian .To err, stray, act wickedly: dwelian, gedwellan, gedwolian, fleardian, mearrian°. rnierran, rnisfCran, worian .To fall Into sin, lapae, nlapae: lfeallan (on), lslrdan, iwician •To become corrupt: (ge)brosnian .To deaenerate: mis~n .To be lost or strayed: losian . To order amla, mlsoonduct (one's life): misfadian Orf) •

12.08.06.01.04.01 To mislead, seduce, lead astny: idwellan, lscrencan, fortyhtan .To impair, corrupt, dqµade: lswebban, iwierdan, (ge)leahtrian, onwendan, (ge)scendan, (ge)wemman ..To impair, impoverish (the mind): gehh!nsian .To pervert: rniscyrran°P, oncierran, on woh don ..To pervert, corrupt, chanp for the worse: iwendan, gehwierfan ..To pervert, deprave: forcierran, forbwierfan, forleran, forpt!ran .To corrupt, defile, pollute: ifYlan, geblandan, gClllZnsumian, gemengan, gewemman, wrdlian ..To pollute with sin: fyrenticnian°' ..To make'sinful: forsyngian ..To deftle, • I n (oat:Mlf): befYlan, besylian 583

12.08.06.02 Wickedness, evil .To corrupt, dcslrvy, ndn: forl!osan, (ge)losian, gedtan, undcrgln

See 06.01.07.04.01 Deception 12.08.06.02 Wfckedners, evil: irleasnes, iwyrgednes, firencnieft0 P, fill, hinderscipeS, inwitstsefP, lyJ>emes, min, mlnf&bpu0 P, minfulnes, ni]>, ni]>scipe°', unwisnes, wca, wOb, wOhfuloess, wrecnes, wyrgpuP, yfel, yfelnes .Evil, iniquity: unrihtnes, unrihtwisnes, unrihtwisu, unsnotomes .Wickedness, guile: hindemes .Wrong, sin, vice, wickedness, evil: unriht .Malicious evil: bealuru"')>P, teona, yfelgiomess, yfelwillendnes0 S .Evil thoqbt: misgehygd0 P, nearopanc, nearopancnesoS, ungepanc See 07.03 Evil; 16.02.01.13.02 Damned 12.08.06.02.01 Wrong, evil-clohaa: unrihtd~d. unrihtweorc, wOhnes .Evil, wickedness, evil deed: lysu .An evil thiq, ioiqulty,evil-dobl&: niht, unnyt .A misdeed: misweorc°' .A wroq act: unriht .An evil deed: forsceap0 P, lij>weorcop, min, mlnforwyrht0 P, w!aditdP ..A foul deed, misdeed: fraco~d° ..An evil/malicious deed: inwitweorc°, ni]> .Evil teaching, incitement to evil: unllr 12.08.06.02.02 A bad man, lnbnman person: unmann .A wicked person: deofol, unrihtwillend, wipennede, wrzcca .A malevolent creature: fCond, mlnsceapal' .A wicked creature: hellehund .An evil-doer: framhycgend°', grynsmip0 P, inwidda, ~ mlnfordl!dla0 P, mlngenga0 , nihtfremmendP, teonsmip0 P, unrihtd2da, unrihtdOend0 , unrihtwyrcend, unrihtwyrbta, wohfremmend0 P, wrohtsmiJ>P, wyrgend, yfeld&da, yfeldond ..A villain: folcsceapa0 P ..An evil persecutor: mlngeni]>la0 P ..A limb (of Satan): lim ..A source of strife: wrohtsiwere ..A fellow-worker of evil: weagesi]> 12.08.06.02.03 (Of persons) wicked, evil-dobl&: irleas, flh, forscyldigod, trtctig°P, incOp, mind~e. mlndeorfO, minfremmende, minful, mlnfullic, mlnweorcP, minwnke°', unriht, unrihtful0 , unrihtlic, 584

12.08.06.02.05 Misdeed, sin unrihtwis, un&elig, wamm, wiJ>ercoren, w6hful«, w6hgeom0 , w6hlic, wOhsum°', yfeldede, yfeld6nde, yfelwyrceode .(Of actions, thoughts) wicked, evil: iwyrgedlic, forscyldig, hinder, yfelful°', yfel(l)ic •Wicked, gross, crimlul: firenlic .Wicked, accursed, evil: iwyrged, iwyrigende, unl~d(e), wearg .Villainous, rascally: weargberende°', wil>erhycgende •Worthy of bell, very wicked: hellic ..Bound for bell: grundfiis0 P, hellfiisP ..Delerving hanglq or cnviflxlon: rodewyrt>e0 12.08.06.02.03.01 Wickedly: irlwlrce, firenum, mlofullice, unrihtlice, unge&el(ig)ITce, w6hlrce .Evilly: nihtlice, nearolice .Evilly, penenely, wickedly: wril>e .Unrighteously: unrihtwrsnce •Wickedly, maliciously: fkne .To ill purpose: unoytlice 12.08.06.02.03.02 To do evil: wiergan .To act wrongly, offend, tnnsgaess: misdOn ..To contrive evilly: yfelmynnan .To make or become wicked: forscyldigan ..To harden, become impervious to aood: iheardian 12.08.06.02.04 Darbess, evil: dimnes .Dark, evil: deorc, deorcful«, \funm, mirce ..Dark, deceitful, evil: dieme .Deep, heinous, profound, grievous: d&>p, d&>plic, frecne, healic, hefig, hefiglic/hefelic, hefigtjme, swer, sweart ..Deepest, most heinous: nil>emest .Evilly, darkly: swearte .Darkly, horridly, foully: deorclfce

.Grievously: deope .Deeply, profoundly: hefelice

12.08.06.02.05 Mbdeed, dn: misfeng", synn .An evil deed, crime, fanlt, Iha: bealud~P, firenweorcP, folcfireoq, hellfiren°P, mind!.ad, minscild0 P, mlnweorc, see~«, und~. wamm,w6~

..A griffom Iha: nl)>Synnop

585

12.08.06.02.05.01 Transgression, trespass ..A dclldly sin: d&&>firen°P, ~ See 14.02.01 Offence; 16.02.01.l 3 Sin .

12.08.06.02.05.01 Tnantp"eaioo, treapua~ forg&gednes, forg&gung°I, forleomesq , mi~. ofcrleomess, wamdl!dP, gewyrbt(u) .A fault, crime, offence: culpa0 P , (ge)eofot, min, wroht, wrohtscipe0 P ..A grievous fault: unscyld0 ..A leria of crimes: wrobtgetima0 P .An offence: geswic, swicdOm ..An offence, vice: swice, swicung -RaponsibWty forotr~. (one's) fault: gylt .Wroaa,fraud: teosu 12.08.06.02.05.02 A sinner, tnr.sa1crwr: igyltend, firenwyrhtaP, forg&gend, m1nscea1>aP, mlngewyrhta0 P, mlnwyrhtaP, ofcrgegend, synfull, syngiend/synnigiend, synsceal>aP, wierdend, wit>ercora 12.08.06.02.05.03 Gallt,, sinfal, crimluh scyldig, wamfulP, wamscyldig .Gl-.en to evll-doinc: scyldwyrcendeP .Pl"one to sin: bealuftls0 P 12.08.06.02.05.04 Sinfully, wickedly: synlrce .Faultily, wronsly, wickedly: gyltlfce •Wickedly, aro-ly: firenlrce 12.08.06.02.05.05 To sin (aplnst), do wroaa: igyltan (wil>) .To commit crime (apinst): forwyrcan (wil>) .To commit a crime or sin: (ge)gyltan, synne (ge)dOn •To tramgrcss: ofergegan _To pea a moral limit, tnnsg1 ea: ofergin, oferleoran -To fall (from), tramp'as: ibiigan (fram), forweorpan 12.08.06.02.06 Deceit, evil, wickednea: flcen, inwit .Ipoblenea, basenea: ibrol>ennes .An evil trick/desip, wicked arlih: unwrenc .A rogue: ceorl, ~c ..A shady peoson, rope, charlatan: scand, sciia, scynde1° .False, wicked. base: lysu, ~ne, gemih, min, yfel -Guileful, wicked: fLtcne, inwit, inwitful -Wicked. fnudulent: gemearr .Wlcbdly, hscly: fracol>lrce -

586

12.08.07.01.01 Wantonness, sensuality, lasciviousness -Wickedly, fahely, crlmlmlly: minlfce

See 06.01.07.04.02.01 Deception

12.08.07 Immoderation, excess: oferftOwe(n)dnes, ofergemet, ungernetfestnes, ungernetgung, ungemetlicnes0 .&c:e1ses: oferdOne l>ing .De'ril-like peed: deofolgllsung"' .Immoderate, excessive: oferftOwend, oferftOwe(n)dlic, ofergernet, ome, ungetog, ungemetfzst, ungernetigende, undl>ful0 , undl>lic .Unbridled, intemperate: ungemetgod .Unrestrained, UJllOVernable: ungereclic .Immoderately, exc:eaively: oferftOwendlfce, orenlfcost0 , ungebeorhlfce0 , un~l>lice

•Without restraint: unm:lice .InonHutely, unbecomlnal1: ungedafenlrce .To overdo, do to excess: oferdOn

See 03.03.04.02.02 Excess

12.08.07.01 Lulty, indulgence: forgiefnes •Weakness of wUl/ftesh: hnescnes .Lmury, e«emlnac:y, e•se~ sOftnes .Jndulgenc:e, sensual pleamre: Olehtung ..Snare of pleasure: lustgrynq -0.11: gilfreols« .Las, unrestrained~ riim, sleac .Lumrious, indulgent: fw1>umlic0 .soft, easy, luxurious: mearulic, ~fte .soft, luxurious, e«emlute: hnesclic .To be lu, rem••: toslilpan .To make yielding.lsuaudble: gebnesc(i)an See 02.05.05.04 Pleasure; 08.01.01.03.09 Pleasantness ·12.08.07.01.01 Wantonness, lf'"Hallty, lasdvioumess: gagoll>Zmes, gilnes, gilscipe, Iii>, wn!nnes, wn!nsa', wn!nscipe0 S .Lic:endoumess, proftlpc:y: eargnes0 S, eargscipe, fort>orl&tenes0 , unilyfednes .A debauchee, loo1e-Uver: swelgend .Looee, wanton, lamrious: firenlustful0 , forspillende, gagolisc, gil, gilferh1>0 P, gilful', gilmOd°P, glid(d)er, hygegi1°P, leas, leoht, maffiend, plegol, r!celeas, sc&>h, tolcettende', wn!ne

S81

12.08.07.01 .02 Brutishness .Llcendous, unchaste: wifgi1° .Producing wantonness/excess: gzlslic0 .Wantonly, luxuriously: gilfullice«, gillice, tolcendlice0 g .To be wanton/licentious: galianl, wn!nsian° .To Mlbecome shamelea/wantoa: maffian •To disturb, dtillate, arouse: towcccan° 12.08.07.01.02 Brutishness: nietennesq .Animal, brutish: nretenlic .Like an animal: nietenlrce 12.08.07.01.03 Wantoaacss, levity,frivolity: leasmoones0 , leohtbntdnes, leohtmoones, un(ge)stzJ>J>ignes .Levity, falseness: leasnes .An Immoral action: leasung .Fickle, incomtant: gil, hzlig'l, leohunoo0 P, un(ge)sta:J>pig .Remln, Irregular, not steady: unstzl>l>ig .Frivolous, facetious, jocose: gilsmzre 12.08.07.01.04 Shamelessness, lucivlousness: scamleast, unscamfulnesl .Symbol of Indecency: gecyndlim .Immodest, shamelea: scamleas, scamleaslic, priste, unzwisc0 1 , unscamfJEst, unscamlic ..shameless, wanton, importunate: (ge)mih _Loving shamelessly: scandlufiende0 1 .Unashamed, unabashed, wanton: gemihlic, unscamiende0 P , unscamig0 P •Without feeling shame: unsceandlice0 .Shamelessly: fra:fellice, unscamlice See 07.06.01.01 Impudence 12.08.07.01.04.0l lmpropriety,dlsgaace: ungerisnesog, ungerisnu .Improper, 11nqemly: iEpsen, ungerisendeog, ungerisene, ungerisenlic See 11.05.02.03 /rukcorum 12.08.08 Carnal nature, sensual appetites: flLtsc .Carnal, sensual: ftzsclic, lichamlic, gesi}>cundlicq .Carnally, ignoring spirituality: dymelegere, ftttsclice, lichamlice .To be wanton In lntercoune: httmedlAces plegian See 02.05.05.03 Lust 12.08.08.01 Eqer, aasetmly desire: gntdignes, lust, willa 588

12.08.08.01.02 Unchastity, incontinence .SCND"I ded.re, last: (ge)wilnung .sauaJ desire, conc:uplsceatt: lustgeomness, (ge)wilnung ..Comtant lechery: sinwntnnes°' .Unlawful dmre: unrihtlust .Shameful lust: bismergl~w .Lust, voluptuousness: gl!ls(a), (ge)wilnung .Slnful/evWseosual pleasure, lust: firenlust, ungelustfullung't, wynlust .A lustful man: gilsere0 .Lustful, lascivious: firenlustgeom, gillie, pdig, gewilniendlic .To become lustful: iwn!nsan° See 06.02.05.02 Greed 12.08.08.01.01 Rape: nJedhl!med, nydnimungs .Raped, defiled, clisbonoored: forlegen .To fon:e, ravish: genfedan to nfedhl!mde, nydnl!man, nydniman, ofemiman,

seort>an°' 12.08.08.01.02 Unchastfty, Incontinence: forhealdnes, unfrluefednes,

ungehealdsumnes .Immodesty, immorality: unscamfulnesS, unsidefullnes0 .Impurity, uncleanness: unclennes, unchtnoS, unsyfemes, gewemmednes ..Moral cornaption: woruldwfdl 0 P ..Defilement of the 8esh: ftltscbesmitennes°' .Blemish, pollution, de81ement: bismemes, besmitenes, fignes, wamm, (ge)wemming .A seducer, unchaste penon: fortyhtigend, wemmend .Impure, unclean: forhealden, unclene, unclitnlic, unsYferlic0 , unsyfre .Undeanwd., not made pure: un(ge)cl~nsod .Unchaste: ungehealdsum Hlmmodest, unchaste: unsideful .Impure, de81ed: ilyled

.That defiles: (ge)horwiendeS, gewemmende, gewemmendlic .Not proper to tell: unisecgendlic .Indecorously: unsidelice0 .Jncontinendy: ungehealdsumlice0 .Foally, wantonly: fille .Impurely: unclitnlice, gewemmedlice .To defile, btsmin:b, conupt: idnegian, ifYlan, iwemman, iwhttan, besnu"lan, besmittian, bel>wyrianoS, dreccan, (ge)horgian, geunclensian ..To defile by Wldt lntercoune, debauch: forlicgan

589

12.08.08.01 .02.01 Fornication, adultery .(Of a woman) to fall, nlin benelf: forhcaldan, forlegen beon/wesan,

forlicgan 12.08.08.01.02.01 Fornication, adultery: ttwbryce, dymeforlege(r)nes, dyme(ge)legersci~. dyme(ge)liger, forleg(en)nes, forliggang°S, ~med, hzmedsci~. hzmedping, hOrq, geligere, geligemes, unrih~med, unrihthi:ming°, wohhi:med .Number of incidences: ha!medrfmS .Unlawful wedlock: unrihtwifung° .Fornication with women: wifcynd°S, wifgeomes0 S .Bed of fornication: forligerbed .An adulterer, fornicator: zwbreca, dyme forliger, dyme(ge)liger, fyrenhycga0 S, forlicgend, ~mend, haring, ny~medreS, unrihthi:mdereoS, unrihthi:medfremmere0 , unrihthi:mend, UnrihthZMCfC, (gC)WCmmeOd, WOhhi:MCOd, W0hhzmere0

.Adulterous: ftbntce, dymeforlegen°, dymelegeroS, dymh&mende0 S,

forlegen, forligeren°', forligerlic, unrihthi:med, unrihthi:mend .Adulterously: forligerlice •To commit fornication/adultery: dymlicgans, firenian, firenligerianS, forlicgan mid/wip, forligrianS, (ge)hzman, (ge)syngian, unrih~man. gewemman 12.08.08.01.02.01.01 An adulterer/-ess, whore. pronitute: forliger .A bartot, whore. adulteraa: ~cestre , firenhicgeS, firenhicgendS, forleg(n)is, hOrcwene, hOreS, lufestreS, ny~mestreS , scand, scr&ttel! .A lOOle woman: cwene, scylcen, synnecge0 .A mistress: Unrihtwt'"f'O .A pronitute: forligerwif, myltestre, portcweneS .A procurer: bepl!cend, forspennend, wemere0 S. wif}:>Cgns ..A bawd, procuress: forspennestre0 .A house ofUl-fame, brothel: forlegeswifahiis, forligerhiisS, myltenhiis0 S, myltestrehiisoS, myltestremS, scandhils 0

12.08.08.01.02.01.02 Concubinage: cifesdOmS, cifeshadS, cifesgemana0 .A concubine, bartot: cifes .To cohabit in concubinage: (ge)hzman See 12.09.06 Cohabitation

12.08.08.01.02.01.03 Unnatural semal behaviour: forliger .Inc:at: ml!g~med , sib(ge)leger .An incestuous penon: sib(ge)leger 0

S90

12.09 Marriage, state of marriage .Unnatunl vke: unrih~med .A 90Clomite: bedling ..(Of sin) 'Soclomish': sodomise, sodomitisc .Improper, inu:sl.iw: gewemmend 12.08.09 Gulltlne111, pilt: lgyltnes0 , gylt, scyldignes8 .Crime, guilt: sacu .An offender, pilty penoa: fih, gyltend .Guilty, guilty of: fib, gyltend, gyltig, sceap)>ig ..Leplly: synnig -Cbaraed wilb guilt, actnzed: sec ...Not acquitted, andeared of cbup: ungelidodO -Without remiaion, not to be forpvea: unilysendlic0 ..Very guilty: felasynnig°P, purhscyldig° ..Equally guilty: efenscyldig° ..Partially guilty: healfsynnig°' ..Guilty, criminal, linful: forworht/forwytbt, scyldful -Guilty of murder/crimelp iev0111 lin: mlnscyldigP, mort>orscyldig°P -Gallty of wmeless sin: zwiscfiriniend°', bacrsynnig' ..Sunk (in guilt): begripen mid/on ..Haanted by pilt: synbysig°P .To be/become guilty: gegyltan ..To do wroag, be pllty: forwyn:an ..(Of llelf-ac:cu111tion) to amwer for: slA'lan

See 14.03.03.09.01 Condemnation 12.08.09.01 Blameablencss, blamewortblness: lA'lwier)>licnes0 .Culpable, blameworthy: scyldful

.Blameworthy, reprebmsible: st!orweo¢/st!orwierl>e, lA'lful0 , lA'llic, lA'lwierl>e, lA'lwier)>lic .Bl•meably, reprel"fnslbly: lA'llfce 12.09 Marriap, date of marriap: It, ltwnung', brydllc, terscipe', (ge)gaderscipe, gift, hemed, bemedgem•na°', bemcdscipe', hrwung°,

gesamnung, samn!den°, samwist, sinhrwscipe0 , gesinJg°S, sinntden, (ge)sinscipe, wifl>ing .A marriage: gbnung, gift ..(Of the marriage relation) one ftellb: In flltsc .Rigbtful matrimony: rihlA'w, rihlh&med, riht(ge)sinscipe ..Life of riptful matrimony: rihtlif S91

12.09.01 Pledging, betrothal .Marriage with a virgin: mzgdenew 0 .A man's ftnt marriage: frumwifung .Coltjugal fidelity: winetreow 0 P .Married penons, maa aied couple: ~we, gemzccan, gesamhiwan, (ge)sinhiwan, gesinscipe -Rightfully married couple: rihtgehiwanq, rihtgesamhiwan° .Spouse: gebedda, getera, geoc, hemerc, (ge)maca, (ge)mzcca. gercsta -Rightful spouse: rihthiwa0 -Beloved spouse: healsgebeddaop •.Husband, (married) man: bOnda, ceorl, ealdor, freaP, ~medceorl 0 , hliford, sinfrea0 P, wer, wiffa:st wer -Rightful husband: rihthliford0 , rihtgema:cca, rihtwer ..Bride (betrothed/newly-married woman): bcyd -Wife, married woman: ewe, bryd, cwen, cwene, fort>wif0 S, hl!medwif0 S, gesinge0 P, wif -Rightful wile: rihta:l>elcwen°, rihtew, rihtwif .Marriageable: giftlic .Married: ttwfa:st, geew(n)od, ~wnod°, forgiefen, gesinhiwen, gesinscippend0 -(Of a man) married: werlic, wiffa:st0 -(Of a woman) married: beweddod, gebrydod -(Of a wile) lawful: a!we -Twice-married: twihzmed0 S -Three-times married: !>nllf!medoS .Nuptial, spoasal: beweddenlicS, bcydlicS, gemunglicS, giftlic .Co~ugal, matrimonial: hiwlic0 S, gemzclicS, gesinsciplic See 08.01.02.02.03.01 Wooing; 16.02.04.07 Sacrament 12.09.01 Pledging, betrothal: beweddung0 , bcydgifa, bcydgifta, wedlic,

weddung0 .Money paid before marriage: bcydgifu, forgifung°S, handgift0 P ..Dowry: fzderfeoh0 , fa:drcnfeoh0 S, giefu, wedd, wedgifu0 S .Suitor: bcydguma. wogerc .Pledged, betrothed: beboden, betA!ht, beweddod, fa:stnod, (ge)weddod, gewedfa:stoS .To pledge, betroth: befa:stnian, beweddian .To betroth: behatan, besceatwyrpans, beweddian, gehandfa:stan°, gehitan, gesceatwyrpanoS .To make payment for a wife: (ge)bycgan wif .To give ln marriage: a:tfa:stan, forgiefan, (ge)giefan, giftian, (ge)sellan 592

12.09.03 Unmarried state 12.09.02 Marrtqe ce1m1011y: brydgifa, brydgifta, brydhlOp, brydllc, brydJ>ing, giefu, gfeming, gift, gerdnung, wlfgifta, wlfung .Bridegroom: brydguma .Bride: bryd .Bridesm11n: brydbodaoS, dryhtealdor, dryhtealdonnann°, dryhtguma, dryhtmannl, dryhtwcmend', dryhtwcmerel, witumboral, wytumal .Bridesmaid: hidswzpel, heort>swzpeoS •Wedding garment: brydrfaf0 S .Marriage-feast, entertainment: brydealo(J>), gfeming, giftfeorm0 .House where wedding Is celebntecl: gifthiis0 .Epithalamium: brydleoJ>'. brydsang'. giftleoJ>0 ' .Marriage blesmaa: brydbletsung° .Nuptial ch.amber: brydbiir, brydhiisoS, brydloca0 , giftbur .Nuptial bed: brydbedd, brjdnest, brjdsceamolq .Bridal night: brydniht° .Groom's gift to bride: morgengifu .To marry: ge&wnian, gemungianoS, (ge)heman, (ge)hrwian, (ge)lllZnsumian, gesamnian, gesinig(i)anl, (ge)weddian .To keep nuptials: gifta don .To take a wire: wifbegietan, wlfhabban, (ge)wrfian (on), wlfledan, wff niman, wif onmn .To take a bnshand: (ge)ceorlian .To join ID marriqe: (ge)gadrian, gesamnian, (ge)spannan, tOsomne gedon, tOsomne gej>Codan, weddian 12.09.03 Unma1 aled state: hagostealdhidl, mzgJ>hid •VhJlnlty: hagostealdnes°' -Of men: cnihthid _or women, maidenhood: femnhid, ouegdenhid -Glory or vlrainity: mzg}>bled"' ..A 'limb-key' (to dose Vlrsln Mary's body): lioJ>u, ma:gJ>mann°' meowle ..A bend Of virgins: medenbeap0 P .An unmarried man: hagosteald, hagostealdman -Youna man without boasebold: cniht, hagosteald .Unmarried: zmettig, unge&wedl, unbeweddod, un(ge)hemed' -Unma11 led, without a wire: wiftcas _(Of a woman) 11nma11 led: ceorles, werlcas ..Not pYen ID marriap: unforgifen' 593

12.09.03.01 Celibacy -Unbetrothed: unbeweddod .Of a virgin, virgin: bagostealdlic0 1 •.Maidenly, virginal: femn(en)lic, f&mnhidlici, rddenlic, ~)>hidlici ..Pnre, immaculate: unwemme 12.09.03.01 Celibacy: bagosteald .A celibate: forh&bbend .Celibate: clzngeom, forh&bbend 12.09.04 Divorce: hiwgedil .Divorced woman: zll!te -(Of women) divorced: iworpen .To part (man and wife): gedZlan .(Of married people) to part: gedZlan See 14.03.03 Action of the courts

12.09.05 State of woman whose husband has died: wuduwanhid .Relict, widow: forlzten wrf, lif, wuduwe •Widower: wuduwa 12.09.06 Cohabltadon: gebedscipeP, genuecscipe0 P, neawest. samwist .Consortin1 with one man: inlegere0 1 .To couple, join (u man and wife): geJ>&>dan See 12.08.08.01.02.01.02 Concubine

594

13.01.01.01 Cessation of hostilities

13. Peace and War 13 Peace, tranqollllty: smyltnes, stillnes .Peace, absence of dl...,..on: fri)>, seht. sibb, ge)>wl!re .Unanimity, concord, agreement: irunede0 P, inntdnes, efenheortg, gem0dsumnes0 , (ge)sehtnes, (ge)sibsumnes, s0m, (ge))>wl!mes .Good terms, rapport: freondrl!den, freondscipe .Peace, freedom from bate: unny)>nesq .Pe11ee among dwellinp: wicfreo)>u0 P .Ac:conlant, not at variance: gemOd, gemOdsum, samheort0 P, samod)>yrlic0 g, samrid0 P, ges0m _or peace, peaceable: siblic -Peaceable, pacific: fri)>geom, fril>sumog, (ge)sibsum, (ge))>wl!re -Peaceable, not hostile: unheto1° .Peacefully, peaceably: gesiblfce -In peace, without disoonl: (ge)sibsumlice, softe •To agree, setde: gesprecan See 02.05.10.17 Quiet; 05.12.04 Still

13.01 Pt.-e, state of law and order: fri)>, woruldfri)>0 .(In legal sense) peace; fri)> -Town included in 'frlth': fri)>burh0 .Peace enjoyed by legal •!W!Dblies: mz)>elfri)>q .Peace (droppin& of feud): unfl!h)>0 .To keep (the) pe11ee: fri)>ian See 08.01.01.03.01 Security 13.01.01 Peace (not war): freod, fri)>, fri)>u, sibb .(Of nations) at peace: gesibsum .Friendly territory: fri)>land0 •.A plain aft'onllng peace: fri)>owang°P 13.01.01.01 Cessation of hostilities: fri)> .A peace agreement, article of peace: fri)>mll 0 , fri)>gewrit0 ..An oath of peace: fri)>il>0 ..A beaty of peace: fri)>ow~rP -A truce, (temporary) peace: gri)> .Peace made by marriage between peoples: dryhtsibb0 P -(Of angel/woman) 'peace-weaver': fri)>owebba(-e)P -(Of woman married for peace) peace-pledge: fri)>osibb0 P .That brings about peace: gesibsum 595

13.01.02 Reconciliation .To m•ke peace: fbn to fril>e, fbn tO sibbe, fril> (ge)fzstnian, fri}>ian,

fril> macian, fri}> (ge)niman, gri}>ian, sibb niman 13.01.02 Recondliadon: ed}>ingungoS, eft}>ingung°S, (ge)sehtnes, gesem0 .Reconcili•don, pace-m•ldng: ~gsibbun(I, gesibsumungs, s0m .A peacelWlker: gesibsumgend .To reconcile (those at varhmce): frit>swnian°, (ge)seman, (ge)sibbian,

(ge)}>werian, (ge)}>wl!rl~ .To bring to an agreement, make terms: icordian, (ge)macian seht(e), (ge)seht(i)an, gesibsumian .To be reconciled (with), apee (with): gesibsumian, (ge)}>ingian, wi}> }>ingian .To settle (a disputefquarn:I): sac (ge)twltman, (ge)sCman, (ge)settan 13.01.02.01 An llPpeasing, pacifying: gecwemnes, gladung .To mollify, appeue: iwician, (ge)gladian, gelil>ewician, gelil>ewitcan,

geli}>igan .An arbitrator, Judae, conciliator: sema. semend -To arbitrate between, end dispute: (ge)seman -To bring qaeement between, aetde (dispute): sehtan, (ge)sehtlian 13.01.03 lntercessJon, plaiding, mediation: ltrendung, forc}>ingrZden,

forc}>ingung, gel>ing, }>ingrltden, gel>ing}>, (ge)}>ingung .An intermediary: d&lere, forcspreca, forct>ingere, fore}>ingiend, midligend, }>ingerc, wealhstod .To mediate, intercede (for): (ge)erendian, forcgebiddan, forcsprccan, forc}>ingian,(ge)}>ingian ..To intercede successlully for someone: (ge)}>ingian See 12.03.04.02 Advocacy; 14.04.04.01 Mediation 13.02 War: beadulicP, (ge)camp, camphid, campn!den°P, campung,

folcgefeoht, folcgewinn°P, girrup0 P, gielpplega0 P, gii}>, hercrup0 P, hild, orlege, }>urhgefeht8, unfri}>, unsibb, wigno}>0 8, (ge)winn, woruldcamp, woruldgewin° .Warlike, ID8rtial: beaducraftigP, wigbltrcoS, wiglic -Bold in war: beadurofP -Greedy for war/destruction: gii}>fm:P ..Mighty in war: wigstrang°8 .In a warlike manner, by fiabdng: wiglice .To raise arms, go to war: ibiddan°, ihebban wltpen, ihebban (ge)winn .To do battle, wage war: gefeoht dreogan, gewin dreogan, (ge)wiMan

S96

13.02.02 Battle •Warlike deed or operation: beaduwcorcP, giil>(ge)wcorcP, hereweorc0 P .Action, 8gbtlna, warring: orlegwcorc0 P -Resistance, opposition: anbyrdnes0 , andwig0 P .Timeofwar: orleghwDP .Destruction in war: wigbealu0 P .Calamitous war: wolgewinn° .Civil war: ingefcoht0 , ingewinn° ..Di'risive, inteawdne: ungefCrlic ••In dvil war: ungefCrlice .External war: ut(ge)fcoht .Land war, operation on land: landfyrding0 .To fight: (ge)campian, (ge)feohtan, (ge)ftitan, hilde dZlan, lacan, (ge)wigan ••To fight against: a:tfeohtan°P, iifeohtan, beon/wesan ibisgod wi~. (ge)feohtan wi~. fOn wi~. onlwinnang, wi~feohtan, wi~eha:ftan, wi~winnan

_Opposed: unsamwn!de0 -.Unopposed, unattacked: unbefohten -To resist, oppose, counter: geanbyrdan°, istyntan See 12.05ff Opposition

13.02.01 A military expedition: a:scfaru0 g, fa:reld, faru, fierd, fOr, fyrding, girfaruP, heresi)>P, gewealc, wfgsit>0 P • •(Of expedition) to march,jOUl'lley: (ge)faran .A raid, hostile expedition: rid, unrid0 •.A hostile raid (Danish): heren!s0 .Approach of army: hleo~rcyme P .Naval expedition: scipfyrdung 0

13.02.02 Battle: a:scplega0 P, a:sc~racu P, beaduP, billgesliht0 P, campwig0 P, cumbolgebrec0 P, cumbolgehnist°P, ecgplega0 P, (ge)feoht, geftit, glrgewinnP, glrmitting°P, gamts0 P, giir~racu P, gii~gemotP, gO~plegaP, gO~ge~inguP, gO~gewinnP, handgemOtP, handplega, handgewinn, heaJ>uJicP, heaJ>uweorc0 P, hild, gehnzst0 P, lindcroda0 P, lindgelic0 P, lindplegaP, nil>, nit>plega0 P, nit>weorc0 P, plega, sa:ccP, searoni)>P, secgplega0 P, geslieht, sperenit>0 P, sweordplega0 P, getoht0 P, tohteP, wa:lsliht, w~penge~ra:cog , wzpengewrixl(e), wig, wigplegaP, wi~den°P, (ge)winn .Day of battle: gefeohtda:g°P, gewinnda:gP 0

0

597

13.02.02.01 Single combat .Battlefield: escstcde, beaduwangOJ>, campstede, feld, folcstedeP, herefeldP,

meotudwang°P, meJ>elstedeP, sigewangP, wzlfeld0 P, wzlstOw, wzlwang°P .Battle on foot, affray: fCl>ewigP .Pitched battle: folcgefeoht .Shooting battle: gescotfeohtP .Naval battle: scipgefeoht°' .Of/concerning battle, fighting: heal>ufremmende0 P, winnendlic0 g .Fipting, able to fight: wigende .In battle: on wzl .(or battle) heavy, bard: hefig, hefiglic, micel .(or battle) open: open .Bloodshed, blood of battle: bl0ddrync0 , blOdgyte, heaJ>uswitP ..Bloody, attended with bloodshed: blOdig ...Stained with blood: dreorflh0 P, switfAhP ..Bloodlea, without bloodshed: unblOdig .To join battle: cuman togzdere, faran tOgzdere, faran tOsomne, Ion togzdere, gin togzdere, togzdere giras beran .Onslaught of battle, hard ftabting: beadur&s0 P, giipriesP, bild)>racu0 P, t>rzcwrg0 P, wigJ>racuP .SOund of battle: heresweg°P, bildehlemmP, hildesweg°P, bildewomaP, wigcynn°P 13.02.02.01 Single combat: inwig .A champion, bearing his lord's sword: sweordbora .In single combat: inwiglrce0 g .To fight for: forcampian°g .To fight hand to hand: beon/wesan hand gemt!ne ..Hand to hand, at dose quarten: handlinga ..Battle-hand: beadufolm0 P 13.02.03 To seek with active Intent, attack: forsecanP, geieman to, (ge)secan .To nm after: zfter ieman .Charge, onnub: heal>urt!sP, hildert!s0 P

.Invasion: heregang, hergung, infaru .To ovemm, harry: (ge)hergian (on) ..To ravage: oferhergian •.Act of harrying dose at hand: n!ahhergung° •War-violence, warlike agression: guJ>J>racuP 598

13.02.04 Defence, guard, protection

See 05.12.05.02.01 Come upon 13.02.03.01 An attack, •111alt: anginn, leon~s P, ftint>racuP, foresteall, gripe, handres0 P, hercgang, hergung, ni}>geteon°P, onbliest°S, onerningq, onfzreldS, ongefehtc, onfeng, ongang, ongrype0 , onhryre0 S, onn!s, ongewinn°s, n!s, s0cn, storm, tomgemot°P, wzJn!sP, wrg)>racuP .Attack with weapons, sword·nsh: sweordnts0 P .Attack on relations: m~gnts .Overwhelming attack: mzgenn!s0 P .That attlcks, assaulting: hr&>sendlic, onfeohtende, ons&ge, onwinnende .To attlck, assault: igrctanS, becuman on, beginnan, ehtan, ron on, ron togeanes, (ge)gretan, gripan (on), hetanq, (ge)hrepian, inion (ge)hreosan, oferfeallan°, onfeohtan, onginnan, onhigian, onhreosan, onn!sans, onwinnan, (ge)riesan on/wi)>, gestandan, tengan on, ymbsittan ..To take by assault: ibrecan, tobrecan

0

0

13.02.03.01.01 Inroad, attack: onbryceS, onrits .Act of breaching a wall: weallgebrec0 .Destruction of walls: weallgeweorc 13.02.03.01.02 To beset, surround: ymbhypan, ymbsellan .Siege: ofsetenes, setl, ymbset, ymbsetennes0 , ymbsetlq, ymbsetnungs ..Embattled: ungeterlic ..To besiege: besettan, besittan, bettymman, forsetnianS, ofsetnian°S, ofsittan, utan begin, ymbsittan ...To reduce by siege, starve out: ut isittan .To blockade: forfaran 13.02.03.01.03 To oa:upy a conquered land: geniman, gesettan, gesittan .To oa:upy forcibly: ofl>ryccan 13.02.04 Defence, guard, protection: waru .A defence (from attack): gehield .A defender: forefeohtendS ..Defender of a bridge: brycgweanf0 P .Ready to defend: andwfggearo0 P .To defend: iwerian, bescyld(i)an, (ge)ealgian, forstandan (fram), (ge)mundbyrdan, wearoian, (ge)werian (wi)>) ..To take up defensive position: (ge )wamian (wi)>) 599

13.02.04.0l Defenceless, unwarlike ..To defend oneself (in battle): (ge)scieldan .To bold one's around, resist attack on: forstandan, healdan, werian .To pnison: (ge)mannian, gesettan, gest&t>olian

See I I.JO.OJ Protect; I 1.10.02.02 Guard

13.02.04.01 Defenceless, unwarlike: orwige 13.02.05 Luck in war: sigorspCdP, wigbledq 13.02.05.01 Victory: herespCd0 P, hre~. hrc~sigor P, sig0 g, sige, sigesi):>0 P, sigor, sigorweorc0 P, wigsigorP, wrgspCdP .A victorious battle, victory: sigegefeoht0 .State of being victorious, victory: sigefzstnes, sigorfzstnes .Bour of victory: sigehwt1°P .A sign of victory, trophy: herelofg, mi reels ..Palm, prize, decoration, reward of victory: sigebeacn, sigelcan, weort>scipe, weot1>ung •Victorious: sigebeorht, sigeCadig0 P. sigefzst, gesigefzsted, sigehre~igP , sigeli~. sigericeP, sigerofP. sigorCadigP. sigorfzst, sigorlic ..Rejoicing in victory: sigehremigP ..Invindble: unoferswi):>ende, unoferswi):>e(n)dlic, unoferwinnendlic, unoferwinnene ••Unconquered: unforcumen°', unforswy~ • unofercumeng, unoferswi):>ed, unoferwunnen .To be victorious: Agan sige, Agan wzlstowe geweald, gcdJgan. (ge)sigefzstan, gesigfzstnian, sigorian ..Is victorious: ofennzg°' .To win a victory: sige niman

0

0

13.02.05.01.01 To overcome, conquer: iwinnan, be~ , be~ridian, (ge)cnyssan, geChtan, forhienan, forscrencan, forslean, forswJl>an, (ge)hienan, (ge)hnregan, ofercuman, oferdrifan, oferfeohtan, oferftitan, ofergin, ofergangan, oferhigian°P, oferstigan. oferswi):>an, oferswi):>rian, oferwigan°P. oferwinnan, oferwrecan', offeallan, ofswy~anog, gescendan, tobrecan, (ge)wieldan, (ge)winnan .To briq into subjection, subdne: lwendan, (ge)biegan, of]>ryccan .To put to ftipt: iftfeman, (ge)ftieman .To Uve, i.e. conquer: libban See 12.05.06/f. Overconre

0

13.02.05.01.02 To pin by ftghtiq: gefeohtan, geslean, (ge)winnan

13.02.06 A fortification .To capture, take in war/by fon:e: gefaran, gefOn, (ge)leccan, (ge)niman,

gen!can ..To make captive, carry oft': forhergian, gehergian See 05.12.02.02 Remove; 14.05.08 Captivity 13.02.05.01.02.01 State of being a hostage: gislhid0 i

.Giving of hostages: gisldu0 1 .A hostage: gisl ..A hostage against peace: fril>gisl 0 ..A hostage aplnst a promise: foregisl .To give hostages: gislian 13.02.05.01.02.02 Booty, spoUs: fang°, feng, herefeoh0 , herehilt>, herelif, herereaf, heretcam, heret>0 , hergap, hergung, hl6l>, hilt>. lie, Orlegceap0 P, rCaf, reaftic .Spoil taken from the slain: deaprCaf0 i. wzlr!af .To despoil: onreafian 13.02.05.02 Defeat: hryre .A defeat, loss: siege .Rout, rout and flight: ftcam

.Defeated: forslzgen, nit>eriworpen°i, oferwunnen, orwirJ>e0 S, sigeleas .That tells of defeat: sigeleas .Not attended by victory: hret>leas0 P . sigeleas, unsigefzst0 .To suffer defeat, lick the dust: liccian eorpan See 05.12.05.11Retreat;12.05.06.04 Subjection 13.02.05.02.01 Surrender, submission: beswicennes, eapmedu, handgang .A prisoner of war: herenuma0 .To bow to, surrender: ibQgan, (ge)bilgan, on hand gin

See 12.05.06.04.02 Submission 13.02.06 A fortiftcation: fzsten, weallfzstenP, (ge)weorc, ymbtrymming

.Fortiftcadom: wic .A making strong, fordfying: fzstnung .Fortifted: fzst, gefrit>sum8 .Fast, so as to make wure: fzste .To fortify: bewyrcan, gefzstnian, gestrangian, getimbr(i)an, weardian 601

13.02.06.01 Stronghold, fort/fortified town 13.02.06.01 Stronghold, fort/fortUled town: burg, burgfestenop, ~ter. e)>elfesten°P, festen, heahfestenll, )andgeweorc0 P, randburgP, Stinburg, getrymming .Land easily defeadecl: festen ..Natural fortress: landfesten° ..Bill u protection: mundbeorg"P .Cude, fort: caste) ..A castle-yard: burhgeard0 .Tower, wakb·tower: torr, tilr -Tun-et: wighQs -Guard·bome, wakb·tower: weardseld •Wall: burgweall, castelweall0 -Walled, fortified: geweallod .Gate: burggeat, weallgeatP .Earthwork/rampart: breostweaJloS, eorpbyrig, eorpweall, wigsteall .Bulwark, breastwork: breost(ge)beorhll .Outwork: foreburhll, foreweall, pearroc .A moat: fatendfc0 .A bench: dfc -To surround with a ditch, fortify: bcdfcian

See 04.05.03.02.02.07 Tower; 12.06.02.01 Township 13.02.07 War-craft, art of war: beaducraeftOP, giiJ>hom0 P, herebyme, herehom0 S .Horn sounded after victory: sigebyme0 P See 18.02.07.02.02.02 Trumpet 13.02.08.02 A standard, banner, ensipa: cumboJP, draca, eoforcumbolP, eoforheafodsegn°P, fana, hWodsegnq, gegierela, gii)>fana, heorucumboJ 0 P, herebeacen, herecomboJ0 P, hr&fn, mearc, segn, )>iif .Banner leading to victory: sigebeacen, sige)>iif0 P .Standanl·bearfna: fanbyrde' 13.02.08.03 An artide of warlike apparel: feohtgegyrela0 ' 13.02.08.03.01 Body armour, war gear: eorlgew~ P, frztwe, fyrdhrzgJ 0 P, fyrdsceorp0 P, fyrdsearuP, gearwe, geatwe, gii)>geatweP, gii)>reaf0 P. gii)>sceorp0 P. gii)>scriid0 P. gii)>searoP. gii)>gewl!deP. heapur'!af0 P. heapuwitd0 P. heresceorp0 P. herewl!d0 P. hildegeatweP. bi)desceorp0 P, hf&g), hyrst, gen!de, se&rO .Wearing armour. scirbam0 P .Armed, having armour: (ge)Isncd', gesierwcd

0

603

13.02.08.03.01 .01 Mail, iron-rings .To wear/bear arms: ot>beran. werian .To arm, put on armour: (ge)gierwan, (ge)sierwan .To disarm: bew&pnian .An armourer: sweordhwila

13.02.08.03.01.01 Mail, iroa·riap: hringiren°P .A rina: bring .Twisted: writ>en ,Joined together by baacl: handlocenP .Made of riap: hringed -Wide-meshed: g~neb P .To knit together, link: seowan 0

13.02.08.03.01.02 A helmet: binhelm0 P, beadugrima0 P, grima, grimheJmP, giil>helm0 P, heafodbeorg°P, helm, heregrimaP, isenhelm0 g, wigheafola0 P .A leather helmet: let>erhelm0 g .A helmet giving invisibility: heolol>helm0 P .Wearing a helmet: gehelmod/gehilmedg 13.02.08.03.01.02.01 Parts of a helmet: .Protective rib/comb: walu .Crest: camb -Having a crest: cambihtg .(Of helmet) towering in battle: heat>ustcapP .Boar-image on helmet: eofor, eoforlic0 P, swin, swinlic0 P •Visor, mask: grima .Cheek piece: cinberg0 P, hl!orberg°P .Cbaia mail guard: freawrisn°P 13.02.08.03.01.03 Neck armour: healsbeorgg, healsbrynige0 g 13.02.08.03.01.04 Coat Of mail/corselet: beaduhrzg1°P, beaduscriidP, beaduserce0 P, br!ostnetP, br!ostgewzduP, byme, bymham0 P, bymh8111.8°P, fyrdhom0 P, goldhama0 P,giil>byme0 P, heaJ:>ubymeP, heoruserce0 P, herebyme0 P, herenett0 P, herepid0 P, heresyrce0 P, hildeserce0 P, hringloca0 P, hringnettP, irenbyme0 P, isembyme0 P, leot>usyrceP, licsyrce0 P, searonetP, sere, wa:lnett0 P .Cunningly inlaid: searofih0 P •Wearing a corselet: bymwigendeP 604

13.02.08.04.01 A spear 13.02.08.03.01.05 Greaves: bin(ge)beorg', binriftl, scancgebeorg"', scinhosul 13.02.08.03.01.06 A shield: b0bscyld0 , bord, bordhreoJ>aP, bordrand0 P, bordweallP, bordwudu0 P, campwudu0 P, geolorandP, giil>billa gripe, giil>bordP, hcal>ulind°P, hildebordP, hilderand°P, lind, plegscyld'. rand, randbeag, scield, scieldhreol>a. sidrand0 P, targa, tudenardl, l>!'Yl>bord0 P, wigbordP .Shield boa: rand, randb&lh .Covernbonler of shield: la:rigP -Ornamented with ?leather: cellodP .Anned with a shield: bordhzbbende0 P, gescieldod, getarged' .A shield-maker: scildwyrhta 13.02.08.04 Weapons, aiw: beag, hildefrofor 0 P, gewitpnu .A weapon: beaduwepenP, campwepen°P, herewitpen°P, hildewitpenP, witpen, wrglice tol, wrgwitpen°, woruldwitpen° -A victorious weapon: sigewltpen°P ••(Of weapon) tried, proved: gecost .Fierce in arms: searogrim0 P .Storm of weapons, armed force: witpenf>racuP .A club/stick: cycgel, repel 0 , sigol, steng, tm>w.1>rsl .A blade, sharp weapon: ccg •.A bewing/cutti111 axe: ceorfa:x0 -.A sm•ll axe: taperzx ·-Back of axe: fr .Handle/shaft of a weapon: bolt, sceaft .Edge/blade of cutting weapon: ccg, ccglist .Head/point of cutting/piercing weapon: glr, ord .A pointed lmtnuneot. pike: pre 13.02.08.04.01 A spear: a:sc, a:scholtP, a:tg~rc', a:tglr', itorspere0 P, bangir 0 P, daro!>P, darol>sceaftOP, deaj>spere0 P, eoforspere0 S, eoforspreot, franca, gafeluc, glr, garNam0 P, girwudu0 P, giil>wudu0 P, heresceaft0 P, hildepflP, hlence0 P, ma:genwudu0 P, ord, pet0 S, sceaft, sperc, spreot, J>eox0 S. l>ra:cwudu0 P, wa:lgirP, wa:lhlenceP, wa:lsceaft0 P, wa:lspereP, Wfggir 0 S, Wfgspere0 1 .A group of spears: a:scholtP, giirbolt0 P .Armed with a spear/lance: darol>ha:bbende0 P, gesperod .Shaft of spear: sceaft, speresceaftO, wa:lsteng"P 605

13.02.08.04.02 A shot, missile, dart, spear, javelin, etc. -Provided with a shaft: getridwet°I -Having a long shaft: langsceaft .(Of spear) without point/head: sperelcas0 s .A spear-strap: sceaftlOS, sceafttog°S, sperewril>q

13.02.08.04.02 A shot, mi-Ue, dart, spear, javelin, etc.: (ge)scot,

.:& g scotspereog, scotung, scyte, ..wuer .A flying dart: flygepfl0 P .A shower of missiles: sciir .A shot, sbood.ng/hurll.ng of a missile: (ge)scot, scotung, scyte, turfung, wyrp .Rapid movement of a mlssUe: fttrscyteP, (ge)scot .To shoot (someone) with a weapon: (ge)scotian .To send/throw/shoot (a missile): ~tan. lstn!lian°s, l~lian, onsendan, (ge)sceotan, (ge)scotian, (ge)sendan See 05.12.02.07 Throw

13.02.08.04.03 A sword: beadulema0 P, beadum&:e0 P, bill, brand, tela lif, tyres and teole lif, giil>biJJP, giil>sweonf0 P, giil>wineP, hamera lif, heoruP, heoruw&pen°P, hildebilP, hildeleomaP, hildemece0 P, hiltings, isen, mece, secg, sweord, wttpen, wigbillop .A bllted sword: lueftmece0 P, hiltsweord° .A costly sword: beag, mii.l>l>umsweord°P .Sword wielded by victorious band: sigemece0 P .A flaming sword: bymsweord0 .A damascened sword: brogdenmzlP, hringmiCJP, milswyrd, sceade~J0 P. wzgsweord°P -(Of sword) d•mescened: brogdenml!JP, pgmJC1°P, hringmiCJP, hringmreled0 P, scirmreled0 P, wundenmrel0 P, wynnf"ah0 P -(Of decoration) mark burnt by fire: tyrm&l0 P .A broad sword: brid sweord .A short sword, dagger: handseax, hupseaxP, hypeseax0 S, seax, J>CohseaxS, wclseax 0 P .A pike, sword-stick: stcfsweordog .(Of sword) one-edged: li.necgeog .Keen/sharp of edge: beaduscearp0 P. ccgheard°P. heardccgP. Sbl>ccg°P. stylecg°P, styled .Very sharp/bard: teolheard0 P, stedebeard0 P -Fire-hardened: fYrbeardOP .Strong in battle: wigcrzftig0 P 606

13.02.08.04.04 A bow .Dinted in war: heal>usceanfOP .A swonl-m•ker: sweordwyrhta°'

13.02.08.04.03.01 Parts of swonl: 13.02.08.04.03.01.0l IDlt of swonl: hilt, (ge)hilte .A ?belted bllt: fetelhilt°P .Provided witb a hilt, bllted: hiltedop -IDlted witb (pndous) metal: fealohilte0 P, goldhilted0 P, gyldenhilte0 , seolforhilt(ed) -Witb twisted hilt: heorubundenq, wreo)>enhilt°P .(Of sword/hilt/scabbanl) ornamented, adorned: (ge)bunden, gescl!ned0 P .Plate of metal (on swonl-bllt): scenn°P .Having DO hilt: hiltleasoS .Belt of bllt: fetel(s), sweordfaetels0 -Belted, provided witb belt: (ge)fetelsod 13.02.08.04.03.01.02 Sbeatb for swonl: cocer, lecgq, sceal> .Jewelled sbeatb: ~tlnfaet, waelgim0 P 13.02.08.04.03.02 Armed witb a swonl: sweordberende0 P, gesweordod .Drawing of a swonl: brygd, sweordtige°' -To draw, pull oat (swonl, etc.): lbregdan, Adragan, (ge)bregdan, gedragan. (ge)teon (ilt) -(Of swonl) drawn, unsbeatbecl: itogen, nacod -To aosbeatbe: unscfal>ian8 -To sbeatbe (a swonl): behydan 13.02.08.04.03.02.01 StriJdnw'aUack witb swonl: sweordgeswing0 P .Battle stroke, stroke of swonl: heal>usweng°P, heoruswengP, sweng, sweordgripe0 P, sweordslege0 P ..Fatal blow: feorhsweng°P •To strike, deal blows: h&wan ..To strike fordbly, back, gash: (ge)h&wan 13.02.08.04.04 A bow: boga. ftlnbogaP. hombogaP .End of bow: horn .A bow-string: streng .Cue for a bow: bogef&ider°' .Devil's deceitful bow: bnegdboga0 P .A crossbow: arblast°

607

13.02.08.04.04.01 An arrow, dart, bolt .To draw a bow: tinnan 13.02.08.04.04.01 An arrow, dart, bolt: anga, arcwe, bolt, earh, fta, flan, gar, scutel, stn!l .A battle-arrow: gilpfti0 P, heoruftioS, berestn!l 0 P, hildenzdrcP, wepenstn!l 0 P .Feathers of the arrow: fet>ergearwe0 P .A quiver for arrows: cocer .To shoot (someone) with an arrow: stn!liang .A volley of arrows: earhfaru, ftingeweorc0 P, isernsciir 0 P, sciir, storm .Shaft of arrow: sceaft -Treacherous shaft: inwitftin°P •Thrust of arrows apinst shield: bordgelic0 P 13.02.08.04.05 A warlike engine: wigcrzft .A batterhl& ram: ramm, wl!hpollq .A sling: lil>erc, stzftipe~ 13.02.08.04.06 A chariot: crztwzn, eored, wigwzgn .A wart.one: cob 13.02.09 Military style: fyrdwise0 .Military: camplic, fyrdlic, herclic0 g, nu1itisc 13.02.09.01 Military service: campdom, fyrdfzreld, fyrdfaru, fyrdf0r 0 , fyrding, fyrdsocn .A tum/time of military service: stefn, stefning .Enrolled for military service: fyrdend .To serve as a soldier: fyrdian, fyrdrian .Liability for military service: fyrdnop0 .Able/fit for service: fere, fyrdwyrpe ..Eligible for military service: ferdwyrJ>ig0 .Right to compel military service: fyrding .A national leyY: fierd 13.02.10 The military, soldiers: nu1ite .A soldier: cniht, fyrdmann, fyrdrincP, heremanng, pegn ..A fellow-soldier: gedryhtaq, dryhtguma, dryhtgesi)>0 P, efencempa, getera. fyrdgemaca0 , fyrdgesteallaP, incempaoS, gesco~, gesi)>, gesi)>a .A standard-bearer: gesl!li~. segnbora, ticnberend, tacnbora, wibo~ .A ,,.....herald: hildecaJla0 P 608

13.02.10.01.02 An armed man 13.02.10.01 A mwn, warrior: ceorl, dedfnunaP, hildestapa0 P, hyse, magorincP, mann, swinq, tJegn, wiga, wfgend .A warrior, fighter. aescwigaP, beadurincP, burgwigcndop, cempa, cumbolwigaP, drcng, fcohtcnd, fcohtcrc0 g, fcohtling, folcwiga0 P, fyrdcsnc0 ,gUbcrcndP,girwigaP,girwigcnd0 P,giil>bcorn°P,giil>frecaP, gOl>frcmmcndP, gQl>gcli!caP, gQl>maecg°P, giil>maga0 P, gOl>rincP, gOl>wigaP, hcal>urincP. hclmbcrcnd, hcoruwulf0 P, hcrcmaecg°P, hcrcrincP, hcrcwit1>aP, hcrcwOsaP, hcrcwulfOP, hild(c)frccaP, hildcmecg°P, hildcrincP, hil~rcmma P, hildcwulf0 P, JindhaebbcndP, lindwiga0 P, ordwiga0 P, Orctmaecg, OrcttaP, randhaebbcnd0 P, randwigaP, randwigcndP, scca~ sceotcnd, scildfreca0 P, scildwiga0 P. searohzbbcndP, segnbcrcnd°P, t>COOwiga0 P, waelwulfP, wl!pcnbora, wiga, wfgboraog, wigcnd, wigfrccaP, wigmann, wigsmi~. winncnd, woruldccmpa ..A YOUDI warrior: hagostcald, hagostcaldman, sccalcP -Young in war. hagostcald. hcal>ugcongq, hcorogcong°P .A slorious warrior: hrCl>mannq, hrCl>sec~ .J>istinauisbed in war. fyrdwyrtJe .A woman warrior: ccmpcstrc' See 02.03.01.01 Man 0

13.02.10.01.01 A commander, oftlcer. campcaldorg, fyrdwisa0 P, hcrcrl!swa0 P, heretema, hcrctoga, hcrcwisaP, hildcwisa0 P, hildfrumaP. hliford, litteow, maegcnwisa0 P, wiga, wigfrumaP .A tribune: gmfa .Oftker of a thoasancl mea: l>iisendcaldorq, l>iisendealdormanng, l>iisendmann, l>ilscndrica°' .Oftker of a hundred men: ccntur(io)', ccnturius0 , hundfrea0 g, hundrcdcs ealdor, hundrcdmann .Oftker of fifty men: fifti(g)csman .To march at tbe bead of, lead: (gc)l~ 13.02.10.01.02 An armed man: wepcnbcrcnd8, wl!pcnwiga0 P .Man armed with spar: zscbcrcndP, darol>liccndP .Man armed with sword: swcordbora, swcordfreca0 P, swcordwcgcnd0 g, swcordwigcnd°P .An archer: sceoterc, scytcrc, scytta, stntlbora' .Man in corselet: byrnwiga, byrnwfgcndP .Man with shield: lindwig(g)cndP ..Men armed with shields: lindgecrod0 P, JindwcredP 609

13.02.10.01 .02.01 An armed force/band 13.02.10.01.02.01 An umed force/bud: beaduwntd°P, bcomJ>reat°P, cort>orP, cyst. eored, eorectcistP, eoredheap0 P, eoredJ>reat°P, CoreJ>rCat°P. here, herecystP. heretet>a0 P. herehlOJ>0 P. herescipe0 P' here&>reat, hildecort>or 0 P. magodryht°P, manJ>rymm0 , scildtruma, gesl}>n!dens, sweotP, (ge)truma, l>reat. wigcr&ft, wigbeap .A band OD foot: gumfCl>a0 P .Iron-dad troop: irenJ>f!at°P .A noble troop: ingetrum0 P, eorlwerod0 P .A strong troop: mzgencort>or 0 P .A ruined troop: forloren heap See 12.01.01.07 Follower 13.02.10.01.02.01.0I Mllltary followers (of bomebold): ftetwerod0 P, liJ>smenn, J>Cod .Member of comitatus: innheardmann°g 13.02.10.01.02.02 Armed forces: fCl>a. fultum, fyrding, manfultum, wig .An army: zlfaru0 P, beaduJ>reat0 P, campweorod, (ge)dryht, fierd, folc, folcgetrumP, fyrdtruma0 , fyrdwerod, genge, giiJ>here0 P, heap. here, herefolcP, hercmzgenP, landfyrd, landhere, leodmzgenP, mzgen, mannmzgens, stefn, getrum, J>Codhere0 P, J>rymm, werod .Lack of troops: werodlest°P. ..Without an army: fyrdlw 13.02.10.01.02.02.01 Types of army: .A land force: landhere .Army occupying frontier: mearcJ>reat0 P .Advancing army: forj>here0 P .A campaigning army: fzreld ..An army on summer campaign: sumorlida .An ironclad army: isemherc0 P .A native army: innhere .An army from the north: norj>herc .A foreign army: iithere ..The Danish army: hZJ>enhere, se here .A huge army: sinberc0 P .A bold host: m0dheap0 P .A hostile army: unfriJ>here

610

13.02.10.02.01 Survivors of a battle .A predatory army: st&lhere .A slaqbtering army: waelhere0 P

13.02.10.01.02.02.02 Bnncb of army:

,Infantry: fij>ehere, f'Otgangende here, gangehere0 ..A troop of foot-soldiers: lll>a ..An Infantry-man/foot-soldier: ~a, f!l>ecempaP, lll>emann •.soldier fighting in line: andlangcempa0 S .C.valry: horshere0 S, n!dehere, ridehere°' -(Of cavalry) mounted: gehorsod, n!de°' .To provide with horses: (ge)horsian ..Deprived of horses: behorsod ..A troop of cavalry: eoredgerid°', ftocrid ..A horseman: eoredouecg°P, eoredmann, hleaperc, ntdecempaq, ntdewiga0 S, ridda, ridwiga°' ..A soldier of nnk, lmipt: cniht, ridere ..Man in chariot, charioteer: certare0 , cnetwrsa, eoredmann, scridwisa0 ' , witnerel 13.02.10.01.02.02.03 Part of an army: .A corps: fyrdstemn° .A division: ende, heap, here .A lealon: eoredmenigu, legie .A cohort: coorte .Tbe vanguard: ord •?Wmwflank: fel>er .An es:peditiooary party: sij>werod0 P .Reinforcements: faca .A pard: fyrdweard0 ..An ofticer of the pard: weardgerefa0 -A hall pard: seleweard°P .A frontier force: wealhfaereld0 13.02.10.02 A victor/conqueror: forscrencend, oferswij>end,

oferswiJ>estre°', sigebeom0 P, sigebrol>or0 P, sigecempa0 P, sigedryhtenP, sigriend .A victorious people: sigefolcP, sigel>Coreat>P 13.02.10.02.01 Sarvivon of a battle: darol>a lif, fyrdlif, herelif, wttpna lif 611

13.02.10.02.02 A coward, deserter

13.02.10.02.02 A coward, deRrter: grcgg°P, hereflymc0 P, hildlataP See 06.02.07.07 Cowardice 13.02.10.03 Crew/men of a ship: ftota, ~. li)>smenn, sciphere, scipblaest .A seafarina figbtlna man: heal>ulfl>endeP, scipmann See 05.12.01.09.03 Voyage 13.02.10.03.01 A fleet: aescherc0 P, flota, liJ>, scipcraeft', scipfierd, scipfultum, sciphere, scipliJ>0 .A battle ship: fyrdscip, langscip0 ..Grappling book: gcarufang°S .or a fteet: flotlic0 ' , scipherelic0 ' , sciplic .A hostile fleet: unfriJ>flota ..The Danish fleet: norpsciphere0 See 05.12.01.09.03.01 Ship

612

14.01.02 A law, statute

14. Law and Order 14 Law, custom, covenant: &, lagu .Code of law or faith: &riht .Kina'• pace: grit>, mund, sibb ..Absence of pace: unfrit>

See 11.05.02.01 Standard 14.01 Law, body of rules: lagu .A nation's law: folcn!den .Ript of the people, law of the land: folclagu. folcriht, landriht, leodriht .Civil law: burglagu°', woruldlagu, woruld(ge)riht .Customary law: woruldgewuna0 ..Statement of customary law: wordrihtP .A collection of regulations, code of laws: gridnes, }>Codscipe .A bnncb of law: lagu .Ript/just law, equity: rihtlagu

See 16.02.01.09 Law 14.01.01 Law(s) of particular scope: .Enalisb law: engla lagu .Law for Danelaw: dena lagu .Local law: landlagu · .Rules of hundred: hundn:dseten .Town law: burh(ge)riht .Established law of landed property: ealdlandntden° •Tenant law: geneatriht .Law regarding nrineberds: swinriht° .Replatiom conceming a particular dan~ lagu .Law concemina family responsibility: ~glagu .Law concerning peace: grit>lagu0 0

14.01.02 A law, statute: zbebodP' ibetnes, ~bod8, hit, inseten8' insetnis8'

lagu, (ge)setnes .A (spoken) law: wordrihtP .A lepl text: lahgewrit° .A book of decrees/the law: itbe .Lawfully: ltlice, lahlice 14.01.03 Special law, privilege, law for an individual: synderre0 S .A prerogative, privilege: frumgifu8, sundorgifu .A special honour, prerogative: sundorweorpmynt8 .A privilege, special honour, prerogative: sundorweorpung .Privilege (as regards peace) of holy orders: hadgriJ>0 .Peace privileges attaching to a sanctuary: hltlnesgriJ>0 .Privilege of sheltering an outlaw, asylum: fliemena finnl> .A privilege, special immunity: sunderfreodom, sunderfreols .Grant of land enjoying immunity: freols .Unprotected, without 'grilt': griJ>leas .To grant immunity to a criminal: friJ>ian See 11.10.01 Protection 14.01.03.01 Sanctuary: fril>, slicn .An asylum, a sanctuary: friJ>slicn, fril>stol, fril>stow, generstede0 S, slicn ..A sanctuary-enclosure: friJ>geard ..A sanctuary-building: fril>hiisoS •.A sanctuary (superstitiously so regarded): friJ>splott .8ec:urity granted by one in authority: handgril> .8ec:urity from molestation, safe-conduct: fril> .Lepl protection for a homestead: rihthim.scyld0 .Person under special protection: fril>mann .A seeking for protection: slicn ..From a lord: hlifordWcn .Afforded sanctuary: gefril>d .To afford sanctuary to: (ge)friJ>ian See 16.02.05.02 Holy place 14.01.03.02 Freedom from punishment or ftne: wneleastq .Freedom from tax, etc.: freodom, freolsdom .Remission of ftne, tax, etc.: forgiefnes

614

14.01.04.02 Rights involving property Jiioee, aempt, not liable to tu, etc.: egafol0 , fleo, freols •Toll-ft ee, aempt frvm paymwt of toll: tolfreo0 .scot-flee, free of tribute: scotfrfo .Not having to pay a fine: witel!as0 .Esempt from hostility, not rrp1ded •foe: unlab0 .Not liable to a cbarse of bomidde: orwige .To flee from obllption/work/tribate: gefreogan •To aemit (fine, obligation, etc.): forgiefan

See 12.07.03.01 lmpunity 14.01.04 A legal right: lahriht .Ript pven by will or charter: b0criht0 .Body of ripts, privUep: rihting .seat u.ted by right: set) .Having a (legal) right, entided: weort> ..Entided to make an oath: iJ>wyrl>e -As king's thane: cyningi:l>e0 .Adapted, 6tted, entided: rihtlic •To make worthy of, entide: geweorpian

See 12.07.04 Righteous 14.01.04.01 A spttl•I right, right punliar to a dan: sundorrihtK .An ancient right: eald(ge)riht .Hereditary right, patrimony: !l>elribtP .Rights of a freeman: freoriht .Royal ript, royal prerogative: cyneriht° .An earl's rigbt or privUeae:' eorlriht° .Rights, duties or privUeaes of a thane: l>egnlagu, l>egnriht .sert's rigbt: l>nilriht .To natore the rtabts (ofa penon): rihtan 14.01.04.02 Rights involving property: .Right of estoven (of cutting wood): timbergewcorc0 , wudung, wuduntden .Rlaht of buntiq: sleting° .F1shlng rights: fiscol> .Right to claim waerkap: scipbryce0 .Right off•wling swine in m•st-pastuns: mest(en)ntden .Rlabt of entry, admi"'on, enbee: infer, infereld, ingang .Entitled to have own fold: faldwyrt>e0

See 15.01 Property 615

14.0 l.04.03 Rights involving money

14.01.04.03 Rights lnvolvlna money: .Right oftaldng toll: toll .Market rights: market .Right of receiving alms: almesriht .Right to fines payable for theft: ~ffeng .Right to ret'eive fines for bribery: feohfang .Right to es.act a patalty for bloodshed: blOdwtle .Right to receive 8ne for sbelterlna outlaw: tliemena firm}> See 15.03 Tax

14.01.05 Service, obligation, duty: hiemes .A duty, service, payment, etc.: (ge)riht .An obligatory service, oftlce, duty: nydriht .A charge, duty: byr}>en, pleoh, }>earf .A debt, due, obligation: scyld .Performance of services of 'in-land': inwaru0 .Obligation of dues to the king: utwaru0 ..or tenant to convey goods and meaqen: eafor .Duty to supply beasts of burden: slam .Duty to perform corvee-work: weorcrcden° .Duty of building a weir: werbold0 .l.andowner's duty to u 1 est thief: ~ffeng .Liable for debt, bound by obliptioa: scyldig .(Of service) owed, due: igenlic .Liable for repair of walls of townlforta ess: burhbOt .Shall, ought, must: sceal .(Of due, privilege, etc.) to belong to: hieran tO .(Of payment, etc.) to belong, be dae: (ge)byrian .To supply with food/lodging as duty: (ge)feormian .To hold land and perform services: land iwerian/(ge)werian See 12.01.01.08 Service; 12.07 Obligation; 17.02.03 Task 14.01.06 A nde, order, precept, tenet, principle: bisen, diht, lagu, regol, rihtung, sidung, s0}>word, steor(e) .A precept, doctrine: lagu, lircwideP .Doctrines, precepts. ordinances: lir .An iatjunction, ordinance: endebyrdnes, (ge)fadung, (ge)riht, gewyrd .A determination, ordinance: geteohhung0 , gel>Oht .A direction, nde, iatjunction: ~ing, ~ipe ..(Of nligioas) a lawful nde of life: rihtregol 616

14.02 Lawlessness .An edict, dea ee, ordlna11tt: gebann, gebenn°1, (ge)bod, bodlic0 , dom, n!d, gentdnes, gerec, (ge)riht, gescrifS .An edict/universal command: woruldbebod° .A clec1 ee, decision: cwide, g~nes0 .5«11lar ordinance: woruldgentdnes0 .A royal ordinance or law: cynedom .Pnvious ordl.,,.nce: frumn!den°P .That nJles, prescribing: (ge)wissigend .To make a law, ordain, decree: (ge)lagian .To determine Oegal ordinances), ordain: gentdan .To settle, establish (~ations, etc.): gecwepan, (ge)sciftan, (ge)trymman .To make, draw up (law,etc.): (ge)dihtan, gewyrcan it .To decree, settle, ordain, appoint, prescribe: astihtan, (ge)deman, (ge)dihtan, (ge)findan, lltran, gelagian, gereccan, gesceadan, (ge)sciftan, (ge)scirian, (ge)settan, gestihtan, (ge)~can, ~cnan, gewissian .To 1ettle ~ations, determine by law: (ge)lecgan .To appoint, imtitute: (ge)insettan, instihtian°1 .To be fixed as a law, regulation, etc.: (ge)standan .To abrogate, annul (law), upset Ouclgement): onwendan .To repeal Oaw), abrogate, change: towendan .To reoounce, reject, pve up: wil>sacan .Revoked: uncweden See 12.03.01.01 Control; 12.03.03 Command 14.02 Lawlessness: zlfest°P .Violation, breach of law: zswice, bryce, lahbryce, oferhremes, unlagu ..Partial breach: simbryce0 ' .Harbouring a criminal: fireman feorm .A law-breaker: ltslnend', niJ>ing, n!pling, rihthandd~a , J>Codsceal>a, wearg ..A felon: fihmann°, teondulfOS, fiil .An accomplice, acceaory: gewita, gewyrhta ..Accessory to a murder: ntdbana ..An accomplice/acceaory in theft: gestala0 .Dlldt, unlawful: unilyfed, uniJyfedlic, unlyfendlic, unriht ..Not authorized, illidt: unilyfed, unlfefed .Vold, invalidated: forod .Unlawfully: ~t unlagum, unzwfacstlice -Unlawfully, without pea 1111ssfon: unilyfedlice .Oulslde tbe law: bOtan It 0

617

14.02.01 An offence .To brnk, violate (a law): lbrecan, brecan, fulbrecan° , wierdan .To infringe, violate: berstan, oferbrecan, t6brecan, womanq .To abuse (privilege, etc.): forhcaldan .To go/act apimt: forwyn:an (wil>). wil>gin .To harbour a criminal: fireman (ge)feormian See 06.01.07.04ff Deception 14.02.01 An offence: fill .A pabUc wavua: folcw6h0 .A crime, offence with which one is charged: reofll. tiht .Crime, guilt: sacu .Fraud, deceit: ficen

14.02.01.01 Types of crime: .A breach of the peace, aaault: lthlYJ>, ethlyp0 .Murder, slaying with attempt at concealment: moq,, wcrtihtle ..Murder by group member: hl6)>sliht ..Murder of a cleric: fullbrycc .Criminal bloodshed: wrohtdropa0 P .Crime worthy of death: d!al>scyld .A breach of the peace: gril>brycc, mundbrycc, unstilO)nes ..By which 'wer' incurred: werfithl> ..IJUury of one in holy orden: bldbrycc ..Complete breach: fullbrycc .Breach of peace between two bolltlle peoples: fril>brec .A fence-breaking: eodorbrccl>0 , eodorbricc0 .Forcible entry into a m•n's house: himfaru, ~ ..A breaking into a castle/dwelling: burgbrycc .megal cutting of wood: wuduhiewet" .Fallure to cut hair: unefesung° .Breach of festival: freolsbrycc .Anon: bemett ..Forest anon: wudubemett •.An arsonist, incendiary: bleserc, blisgere0 .Damage: efwyrdelsa0 .Slander: folclwung .Taking a bribe: feohfang See 12.01.01.12.04 Treachery; 12.07.05 Wrong 14.02.01.02 Wroagfal taking, theft: andfeng 618

14.02.01 .02.01 Open robbery, rapine, pillage .Theft: stell>ing°, stalu, stalung°, J>Cof0 , J>Cofcnd, J>Cofung°, ~Iefl> ..Hoowbrealdng, burglary: hiisbryce ...Al legally defined: rihtbims0cn° ..s.crilege, church robbery: ciricrena0 .Complicity with a band of robbers: hl6l> .A robber, thief: hl6l>crc0 S, m6rsceat>a, sc!acere8 , J>Cof, J>Cofsceat>a0 ..A Mizer, robber: gripcnd ..A robber, brigand: J>Cofmann, wcaldgenga ..A robber, waylayer: sel(n)crc ..A thief redeemable by wergild: wergild)>eof ..An arch-thief: rcgn)>eofP ..A bee-stealer: bCo)>eofO ..A sold-thief: goldl>CfO ..A bone-stealer: stMl>Cf ..A man-stealer: mant>CofO ..A body of robbers/plllagen: hl6l>, l>Cfscolu0 .Stolen goods: l>fefefeoh0 , l>Tefl> ..A stolen article, what is stolen: stalu -What is tracked after bein1 driven off: sporwrccel0 .Spoil, booty, Ul-gottm pin: gesttod, unrihtgestrod0 .Stolen: forstolen, stulor ..Stolen, taken by thieves: )>eofstolcn .(Of thief) en1aged in bomebftllking: biisbrycclS .(Of thief) red-banded: handhaibbcnde .(Of band) holding (stolen goods): hcbbcndc •With stolen goods: ait haibbcndra handa .To obtain surreptitiously, steal: forstelan, underlon, undcmiman .To steal, thieve, rob: forstclan, fort>CofanoS, (ge)stalian, (ge)stelan, (ge))>eofian .To deprive of, rob: iscirian, bcgrindanP, bch1Yt>an°P, (ge)niman, (ge)reafian (on), (ge)sttYdan See 10.04.02.02 Take 14.02.01.02.01 ()pm robbery, rapine, pillage: rin° .Robbery, rapine: rCafliic, gestreon, gestrod .Extortion, rapine: for~rycnes, nydnimend, nYdnimu, nYdnimung' .Harrying, plunderin1, rapine, spoliation: here, herct&lm, bcrgal>, hcrgung, gehresp0 , rCaflic, reafung°,ripungs,strildung .Htabway robbery: wegr&lf .Robbing the dain: waill&f 619

14.03 Right of holding court, jurisdiction .seizure, taking by force: niednl!m ..Abduction: wiJ>lrednesog .A spoiler, robber, plunderer: ber&fcrcog, ber&figcnd, hcrgcrc0 S, hcrgicnd, rCafcrc, rCafgcnd, ripcre, sceapa, striidcnd, striidcrc, wanigcnd, woruldstriidcrc .To seize, take with viol«iee, steal: gcgripan, (gc)niman, (gc)reafian .To take away, bear off violently, steal: ibrcgdan, ztbrcgdan, isettan, (gc)la:ccan (mid), oJ>fcrian .To plunder, strip, despoil: arydd(r)an, bcreafian, bcreofanP, beryfan°P, berypan, bcstrrpan, bcstrildan, copian°S, gcfandian, hloJ>ian, gchrcspan°P, (gc)hyJ>an, onbcran, (gc)ripan, sceapian, stridanq, gestrildan, (gc)striidian, gewinnan .To wacst from, extort: lwntstanog, ofn!adian° ..To covet and extort: gcgitsan ..To extort, exact what Is not due: ofgin, ofgangan ..To extort, rob: apryns ..To extort, cheat, deprive by fraud: ztwrcncan°, fomiman

14.03 Right of boldi.Q& court, jurisdiction: sacu and s0cn Jurisdiction over three hundreds: scipfyllcJ>, scips0cn° Jurisdiction over a village: tunsl'.>cnq .Rights within jurisdiction: infangeneJ>Cof .Rights outside Jurisdiction: utfangcneJ>Cof0 .Rights over warranty: team 14.03.01 Judicial body, authority: dom .Town council (as judicial body): burhgcJ>ingJ>0 .A court of Justice: gcmot, J>ing, gcJ>ingJ> ..Court for setting bounds: mcarcgcmot .An of8clal seat, Judgement seat: sctl .Tribunal, place or Judgement: domsctl, domstow, heahsetl, (gc)motstow, J>rymscld .A court-house: domzm, domhuss, heall, gerefzm0 , spreccms, stilcm0 S .A senate house, curia: (ge)motzm, sprl!chus 14.03.02 A legislator: tel2dcnd, t!llteows, tesellcnd .One who gives Judgement, a lawyer: domscttendog, rihtscnlcndS .A lawyer: lahwita0 ..An advocate: forcsp(r)cca, midsp(r)cca, midsprecend0 , gcteama ...Advocacy: forcsprtec

620

14.03.03 Law, action of the courts .One responsible for another: freond .A Judie: dema. d!mere, d6mere, woruldd!ma ..A judge, arbiter: ~lend, d!ma. d!mend ..An assessor, fellow judge: gesetla ..A judge giviqsentence and punisbmeat: scrift ..An unjust judge: unrihtdema. yfeldema0 .An ofBdal declarer of the law: lahmann° .Enga1ed in law-&ivina: clagol0 ' .To accept or approve laws, decide: geceosan domas

See 07 Judgement 14.03.03 Law, action of the courts: lagu

.Litigation: gem6t .Amicable settlement (not litigation): lufu .Right/obligation to act, coanl:r.ance: cann .Lepl procea: gang -Ript/lawful procedure: geriht -Leaal formality/delay before inheritance: yrfefyrst0 ' .A case for settlement: d6m .A dispute, lawsuit: geftit, woruldgeftit° .An action, suit, cause, daim: mil, sacu, sp(r)cc, talu ..A daim at law: 11efterspntc0 , ~sec. crafing, onspttc, ontalu0 , sp(r)ltc, talu ..An unjust daim: unrihtcr&fing° .A writ: cyrografum .A bW of divorce: iweorpnesse bee, bee forletennesse, bOc freodomes, hiwgediles b6c .A -wro-111 declaration: miscenning .Judicable: demedlic0 .Given to Hti1ation: sacful -Unmolested by litigation: unbesacen .(Of came) undecided, open: open .Contested, disputed: bigsa:c .Clear, undisputed: scir _IJIN)ntestable: unbeceas0 -Tnatbful, not to be questioned: unlygen° -Undisputed: sacleas, unbeftiten, unbesacen, unbesprecen°, uncwyd(d) .(Of person) not subject to dalms: unbecrafod0 , uncrafod0 .Uncontestedly: unbecweden .To brina evidence, a case., action, etc.: (ge)ledan .To refer a case., brln& before: (ge)sc&>tan 621

14.03.03.01 Accusation .To appeal (for Jmtke): foreskan° •To proceed against: n!dan on .To prosecute a suit, urp a came: sp(r~ce drffan .To daim, demand: aeftersp(r)ccan, escan°, besprecan, (ge)secan ..To make a claim against: cwiddian, sacan, sp(r)ccan aefter/onlymb ..To daim for one's own: (ge)ignian, tOt!on ..To complain with Just camet ceorian .To pin by litigation: 01>flnan° .To bear judldally, try: gehreran .To Judge a person: (ge)dmum .To arrange for settlement: forel>ingian .To dispense with, dismiss: lweg tetan .(Of legal proceedinp) to break down: forberstan .To lw by a suit at law: forspecan

14.03.03.01 Attuaation: fering', lid, meldung°, oncunnes, oncunning°, gewregednes0 , wregung°, wrOht. wrObtstzf0 P .(Frequency of) accusation: betogennes ..State in respect of frequency of charges: ontygnes .A charge, an accusation: onsagu, onstil, gestil, tiht, tihtle, l>ing ..F1nt charge: frumtalu0 , frumtyhtle0 ..Charge of irteaHn1: stzltihtle ..Charge of homicide: wertihtle .An accuser: ford!mend, hienend, t!ond, wregend, wregere, wrehtend, wrohtberend8. wrohtbora ..A female accuser: wregistrc0 ..An acc•aser, plaintiff: onspeca. onspecend ..An accuser, adversary: gesaca, wiJ>ersaca ..An informer, complainant: stennelda0 .Re.sponsibl&'liable for: scyldig .Accused: getihtlod ..Often accused: tihtbysig •To accme: ibeteonS, icunnan, lciisanS, ihenans, behligan°, (ge)fnepgian, (ge)hienan, (ge)ni~an. iip(ge)bregdan .To make an ac.:usation: stilian .To summon: crafian, stefnian .To accme, bring a charge against: beclypian, besccgan on, beteon, betihtlian, cwipan, (ge)flnan oo/wil>, leahtrian, sacan, sciran, gescyldan°, (ge)wregan

622

14.03.03.03 Witness, testimony, attestation .To ecasw of, charp with: bel&n, belccgan, gereccan (on), (ge)s~lan (on/onp), t!on, tihtan, tihtlian, weorpan on .To lay to person's charp: istt!lan°, (ge)lccgan (on), oncunnao, onst&lan, oJ>witan, sccgan on, wnan .To Impute, ascribe, lay to account ot: (ge)taliao, (ge)tellan •To lay information of a crime: geyppan .To denoonce (to a person): wregan .To involve, Implicate: befealdan, bewealcan° .To deaoontt;, inform apinst~ gebodian, (ge)meldian

14.03.03.01.01 Defence, reply: wiJ>ertalUO .&«•w, defence apinst a charp: lid .A CGUDter-cbarge: wiJ>ertihtle .A counte....plea, defence: wiJ>ennll .To deny, refute (a charp): etsacan, gr!tan, ofsacan°, onsacan •To defend at law: (ge)werian 14.03.03.02 A searcb for stolen property: esce .Recovery of propea ty: forfang ..A reward for recovery of stolen property: forfang, forfangfeoh _Informer'• reward: meldfeoh .To trace, back (property): bespyrigan (yrfe) See 10.03.05 RewaTd 14.03.03.02.01 Attachlna, cUstraint of stolen property: iEtfeng, nem, nlm .To seize stolen propeaty: iE$n, (ge)bregdan 14.03.03.03 Wlbw1s, testimony, attestation: 11>. gccyJ>ednes0 1, (ge)cYl>nes, ~pe. (ge)witnes .Condition of being witness at transaction: gewitscipe .Pnctice of having wibwsses prac nt: gewitnes ..8ervlce as a wlb:arn: (ge)witnes .Statement by wlb:arn, testimony: bodung, sagu, (ge)witnes .Evidence, testimony, declaration: sweotolung, gewitnes .Dedaradon of warranty: cenning ..Failure to obtain a warranty: tembyrst° .Witnc1s, testament, covenant: witword .A witness, compurptor: t!wda, t!wdamann° .A witness, testifier: cyl>eJ'e, (ge)wita, (ge)witnes, witnesman° .One who userts or aftlrms: (ge)Kl>end .(Of testimony, etc.) trutbfal: getr&>we, getr&>wful 623

14.03.03.04 Oath-swearing .Circumstantial: gereclic .Brought apinst smneoae, ad..-ene: ongebrOht .To testify: foretrynunanS .To bear witness: cyt>nesse gctrymman .To attest, bear witnea to: (gc)slpm, gcsOl>ian .To testify (to), prove by witness: gclilestfullianoS, rihtgehltan°8 .To outdo in testimony: ofercyJ>an° •To stand aood. be valid: standan See I /.03.0/.0l.OJ Proof

14.03.03.04 Oath-swearing: iJ>swerung, §l>swyrd .Oath-swearing, oath: §1>, iJ>swaru .Acijuration: hilsung .An oath: §l>s~FS .A preliminary oath: foreil> .A simple oath (oculpation): infeald ij> .A threefold oath: l>ryfeald §I> .Oath taken by a group: ungccoren §I> ..By penon and supporten: nmij>0 ...8elect oath: cyreij>0 ...Supporten or an oath: §l>fultum .Oath or allegiance: hyldij>0 .Oath or denial: andstec .Oath or reconciliation: unceas(t)es ij> .Clearing by oaths: werlid .Sworn under oath: geiiel>cd .(Of oath, etc.) solemn: deop .(Of swearing, etc.) solemnly: dCope •To administer oath, swear (in): gcswcrian .To acijure, charge: (ge)hilsian .To take oath, swear: (ge)hilsian •To give oaths, swear: ij> scllan .To make an oath about, confirm by oath: geiieJ>an .To confirm by oath, swear to: gcswerian .To renounce, abjure: aeftercweJ>an, andsacian, onsecgan -To fonwear, abjure, deny on oath: aetswcrianq, ofswerianq, ot>swcrian See 12.07.02.01 ff Promise; 16.02.04.14.01 Blasphemy

14.03.03.05 Ordeal: ordil .Ordeal by iron: lscnordll

624

14.03.03.07 Security, pledge, bail -The iron (u Implement): Tsen, ordi1Tsen° .O.deal by bolling water: wcteron:W0 -Cauldron (as implement): c&c •Trial by combat/battle: omest, orrest .Bread swallowed u test of Innocence: corsdd .To nnderao trial by combat: gefeobtan on

14.03.03.06 F•I• wib1e•: lcasung, liasgewitnes .Calumny, a fake cbarp: b61/hCI, licettung .Perjury: ij>bryce, forswarung°, forsworcnnes, min, minij>, minil>swaru0 , minswaru .Malldous penoa, falw accmer: wrobtbora .A false witness: lcasgewita .A perjurer: ij>loga0 P, forsworen, mlnswara .Guilty of beari!ll f•lse wlblces: forlogen .(Of oetblwitnea) false: ldne, min .Fonworn, perjured: forsworen -Without perjury: un!Mne .To accuse falwly, slander, calumniate: forleogan, forsecgan, fo~gan, gehelan°S .To bring a falw cbarp: licettan .To make a false cbarse aplast: leogan on .To speak against unjustly: (ge)cidan .To commit perjury, fonwear: forswerian, minswerian, t>wflswerian°S .To cbarp with fabebood: (ge)lygnian See 07.05.03 ff Calumny 14.03.03.07 Sec111ity, pledge, ball: borg .Ball where property is stolen: inborb -Violation of ball: borgbryce ,Security: gril> ..A surety for peace: fril>borh. siblic .,Security for a Joan, rewgninnce~ anwedd0 .A bond, pledge: clamm -With religious force: godborg -Confirmed by joining bands: bandfcstnung .A pledge, security: borgwedd°S, wedlic ..Pledge to pay wergild: werborg -Pledge, depollit, thing given as sec:nrity: bid, borg, ceap, underwedd, wedd .A bonff;11aan, .-nrity: anburge0, borg, borhhand, byrga. f!stennann 625

14.03.03.08 Justification "Guaranton: borg ..Pledged brother (of compact): wedbrol>or .Pledged: forweddod°'

. "Bound fast: borhfaest .Bespoken, deposited: becwyddod°S .Not having security: borbJeas0 .To pledge: (ge)wedfaestanS .To &Ive a pledge or prom.ile: on hand sellan .To 8x by prom.be or agreemmt, pledge: befaestan .To swear/pledge unto: foreswerian •To collect a sec:urity or forfeiture: bidian .To bind by pledge/surety: (ge)borhfaestan •To be security for: iborgian .To be surety/bail for: borgian, onbyrgan .To &Ive sec:urity for: beweddian .To &Ive as surety: trymman .To deposit a pledge: lecgan wedd .To pledge, guarantee security: gesellan wedd .To find surety: findan (wer)borh .To mgage to do, undertake, covemnt: on wedde (ge)sellan, weddian 14.03.03.08 Justlftcation: gerihtwfsung°S .An acusing, defendlna, aculpation: lidung .Clearance from a crimlml cbarp: lid, lidung, swicn .Pardonable: bOtwyrpe .Innocent, not crimlml: unforworht .Innocent, free from accusation: sacleas, unsac ..Faultless, free from oft'ence: leahtorleas .To acuse, defend, exculpate: (ge)lidian .To aculpate, absolve: gerihtwisian, undon .To dear, exculpate (oneself): belidian, betellan, (ge)cennan, (ge)cl~nsian,

(ge)lidian, geswicnan, (ge)~w(i)an, (ge)~wsian, getrilwian, ungereccan°,unsyngian° •To be without frand: cl~ne baec habban See 12.07.04.01Justification;12.08.05 Innocence 14.03.03.09 A sentence, judgement, ndlng: cwide, dom, gehlot, sprite,

worulddom0 .A just Juclgemmt: riht dom •Verdict against a d•im: oftalu0

626

14.03.03.09.02 Atonement

.Just punishment, justice: (ge)riht .Partiality in judgement: hidirung° .(Of sentence) passed: geniJ>erod .To admit (charge, liability, etc.): andetta beon/weqn, andetta weoipan, andetta weqn .To confess, avow: (ge)andettan, beon/wesan becniwe .To render liable to punishment: gescyldigian .To judge, pass as sentence: (ge)scnlan .To give judgement aphut: a:tdeman°, fordeman .To sentence/condemn to: (ge)deman to, (ge)nil>erian to .To carry out a sentence: (ge)deman .To revoke, revene (sentence): oncierran cwide

See 12.07.04 Justice 14.03.03.09.01 Unfavourable judgement, conden1nation: dom .Condftllnation, proscription: fo~mednes°' -Condemnation to death: deaJ>synoigoes°' .Deserving condemnation: (ge)nil>erigendlic .Deserving (of punishment): scyldig, witnigendlic .Punishable: witewyrt>eq .Gullty, charged with gullt, accused: sa:c .Gullty, culpable: synoig -Guilty of theft: t>Cofscyldig° .Convicted of: gerzfq. gercsp0 .Not acquitted, uncleared of charge: ungebet, ungelidod0 .(Of crime) unpuniilbed: unwrecen .Condemned: fordcmedlic, forgylt, forscyldgod, forworht/forwyrht, fiil -Condemned to death: deadsyonig&, deal>scyldig, feorhscyldig -Condemned to lose a hand: handscyldig° .To prove guilty: forgyltan .To convict of crime: bes~lan (on). ofers~lan, onbes~lan°, gesal>ian on inum .To condemn: (ge)deman, fordeman, fomtdan, forscnlan, forscyldigan, forslean, forwyrcan , gehrenan, (ge)nil>erian, gew~gnian, wil>settan See 12.08.09 Guilt 14.03.03.09.02 AtonerNnt: godbOt° .Compensation: gield ..Prescribed by secular authority: woruldb0t0 ..In money: chpgyld, feohbOt

627

14.03.03.09.03 Outlawry -Kina'• compcnation: cyneb6t. cynegild" -Compensation for slain ldna: cynedOm ..For murdered man: mitgbOt ..For iojury/imult to priest: hidbOt ..For wounding: sirbOt°, wundwne0 ..For engagina in a feud: f&hJ>bOt .Amount of fine for redemption: egngyld, J>egnwer -Criminal's wergild as penalty: wergild -Leplly cotted wergild: rihtwer ..A wergild of 200 sblllings: twibyndc wer .A crimhllll seeking asylum/?recondliation: friJ>bCna .Requiring compensation, liable: ingilde0 .Entitled to a certain compensation: tw~te. twigildc, twiscyldig°,

wcort>

feowergild0 , sixgylde0 , nigongildc, endlifangilde, twelfgylde0 .Not entitled to compensation: orgilde, ungylde .Not atouble by money: feohl&is .Not paid for: itgildc .Unopiable: bOtl&ls •With x·fold compcllSl!tion: twibOte, nigongylde .To make restitution for, pay for: igieldan, (ge)betan, forgieldan, (ge)gieldan .To make full amends to/for: forebetan .To pay wergild for: gieldan .To help pay the fine of a kiMll!!an: ~ggieldanq See 16.02.04.07.02.03 Pe111J11ce

14.03.03.09.03 Oatlaw1y: iitlagu .An outlaw: iitlaga, Otlah •Ta DiB made at inlawfna of outlaw: frit> ..Money paid for restitution of rights: lahc!ap .Banishment, alle: wracu, wnec .Outlawed, proscribed: (ge)fib, frit>Im0 , iitlah .To outlaw, banhh, pl'09Cribe: (ge)iitlagian -To proscribe: forscrifan •To revene sentence of outlaw• y: (ge)inlagian •To 10 into aile: ft!on

See 05.12.05.03.04Banish;I1.10.04 Flighl; 12.06.05.01 Exile 628

14.04.02 A stipulation

14.04 Maki"I oftenm, "iJeEmad, CODYeDtion: gel>ingl> .A CODYeation, an "iJN•neat: gem&ing .An aper•11eat, compact, ueaty: (ge)cwide, forespiec, foreweard, forewyrd, nzming°', seht, gel>inge, wzr ..A spokm ap ermmt, covenant: (ge)cwecbitden, gecwedn!dnes0 , wordgecwide .Agreemmt, b'eaty,stipuladon: fonn&l, mil •To appoint, settle: benemnan, (ge )cwel>an .To conclude (bupin, contrad): macian loc .To strike (a barpin): slean wedd .To make an agreement/treaty (with): getrilwian, (ge)l>ingian, wl!re geruman (wil>). warian, gewerian .A breaker of faith, violator of agreement: w~rloga, wedloga See 09.07.04.01 Confirmation 14.04.01 A deed, contract, agreement: handgewrit .An ap ermeat contalnlnc condidon: rl!dengewrit .Document containin1 conftrmation: fiestnung .A charter: bOc ..A deed, document, oripnal charter: frumgewrit ..A duplicate charter: geanbOc ..Charter granting/conveybaa land: landbOc, gewritrltden°S ...Charter granting freehold land: frCodom ..A charter of freedom: freols, freolsbOc ..Lepl agreement embodied in charter: ge~dnes ..Protection of ri1bts granted by charter: mundbyrdnes .A will, testament: (ge)cwide, willa, wise ..That is written: yrfebOc, yrfegewrit .8eal authenticating document: inseg(e)I, inseglung0 .Signature: handseten .To Mal up, Mal: beinseglianl, (ge)inszglian .To set one's Mal to: getacnian See 09.03.07.07.03.04.01 Document

14.04.02 A stipulation: gehit .A condidon, stipulation, undea1••nclin1: (ge)rid, gewyrd .A condidon, stipulation, proviso: Hdnes, cost, foreweard, for(e)word, forewyrd, gerid, (ge)rZden, (ge)rltdnes, (ge)l>inge .On condidon that: to l>im geride l>e 629

14.04.03 Confirmation, ratification

14.04.03 Conftrmadon, ratiftcation: fiestnung .Deftnition/llmitation by word: wordgemearc0 P .Vouching to warranty: team .To pve assurance, certify: bchitan .To confirm, corroborate: (gc)festnian .To confirm, ratify: (gc)cyJ>an, (gc)fiestnian -To ratify fully: fulfiestnian .To vouch to warranty: ticman 14.04.04 An agi eement, ananpmeat of dispute: som .A conclusion, setdemeat: loc ..A full, final agreement: fulloc0 .A settlement, agreement to terms: scht .A satisfaction of claims, settlement: gcl>ingc .An arbitrator, judge, conciliator: sema, semend .To arbitrate between: (gc)seman .To bring about an agreement, settle: (gc)scht(i)an, (gc)schtlian .To reconcile (adversaries): (gc)seman .To have (something) to settle: habban gcmitnc wil> .To make terms, settle, agree: (gc)forcwyrdan, (gc)schtlian, (gc)J>ingian .To be settled by participants: hi gcwcort>an him betweonum .To agree, be recoadled with: gcl>witrlkan See I 3.01.02 Reconciliation 14.04.04.01 Intercession, mediation: ltrcndung, J>inpdcn, J>ingung .A mediator: l>ingcre .To intercede: (gc)J>ingian -To intercede (for/with): (gc)~rcndian (to), (gc)J>ingian (mid/tO/wiJ>) See 13.01.03 Intercession 14.05 Punishmmt: hcarmscearuP , hctc, witcrltdcn, wnecwt"le, wyrgJ>uP .severe pnnkhmmt: ni}>wracuP .Punishment for theft: J>Cofwracu0 .A punisher: witnigcnd .Punitive, penal: witigliclwitelic, witnigcndc .To punish: igcldan, (gc)wrccan .To contrive as punishment: wyrcan tO wile .To inflict injury on: (gc)tiician .To pve(pnnidnnent): scllan wt"lcs clom .To subject (to punishmmt): undcrJ>Codan 630

14.05.04 A penalty, punishment

.To expose to severe trial: Atendan .To deanU\ cbutm: (ge)clensian .To punish, cba•fise, cutipte: (ge)wi"lnian .To Incur a penalty: gewyrcan .To be p11nisbed for: ongieldan 14.05.01 Coa aection, dkdpllne: st!or, stiemes, Jria, preagung, }>real,

preatung .One who admlnisteft correction: stwrend .To admlnlsterco11ectioa: (ge)streran, (ge)swencan, (ge)j>reagan, (ge)pr!at(n)ian, (ge)wfinian See 12.08.03.02 Strictness 14.05.02 Torment, pwdsbmeat: pinung, tintreg(a), tintregung, (ge)wite,

wneJlcP, (ge)wfinung, wracu, wraec .From Moses' rod: gierdwfieop .Torment of bell: wne .A tormentor, torturer: cwylmend, pinere', tintregend, tintregpegng, witnere .That torments/punishes: wrtnigendlic .To torment, torture: forpryccan, gemart(y)rian, (ge)pinian, (ge)tintregian, tOcwy)manO See 02.08.03.01 Pain; 08.01.03.07.03 Su/fering 14.05.03 Retribution, requital: andJ&mP, edlean, eft(tO)selenesg, wiperl&m,

wi}>errihtog, wracu .A flml retribution: endeJ&mP .A ncompense of sin: morJ>orleanop, synwracuP .To aac:t/demand a penalty, compersation: imanian, (ge)edl&lnian See 12.05.04.02.01 Retribution 14.05.04 A penalty, punlsbmeat: scrift, steor .8ecular penalty: woruldstwr0 .Penalty for breach of sanctuary: ciricgrip .Penalty for miscaniage of Justice: hangwiteq .Imposed on member of band: hlOpbOt .Reparation, compemation: .egift, bOt, edgift ..For a wound: dolgbOt •.Amercement for dama1e: efwyrdla .Conflscation: fordemin~. gestrod .To 1equcstaate, confiscate: etreccan, bcirian, beraong, fordeman, forlon,

Ytan 631

14.05.04.01 A fine .To lose by crime, forfeit: forwyn:an •To court distraint upon: plihtan

See 10.02.01.01 Forfeiture 14.05.04.01 A fine: gylt, gyltwt"le, steor, wite, wnentden, woruldwite .A single payment: ingilde, inwite0 .For contempt: oferhimes, ofersewennes .For violation of 'mand': mund, mundbryce, mundbyrd .For breach of 'gri}t': griJ>bryce .For breach of (Danish) law: lahslitt .Paid when oath falls: Al> .For wrong declaration: miscenning .Payable to a bishop: bisceopwlle0 .Penalty for a crime of violence: scyldwite0 ..Penalty for fighting: fihtwite .Fine for assault: foresteall ..On unmarried woman: mzgJ>bOt0 ..On a priest: weofodoot .Fine for slaying a m•n; !Cod, leodgeld, wergild .Payment to lord for slaying: dryhtenbeag0 • manoot .Fine for man escaping from his lord: iithleap .For not detaining an offender: hengwite .For lying with a woman: legerwiteq .For neglecting 'ftrd': fyrdwite .For not keeping guard: weardwne .For non-attendance at the hundnd-gemot: hundreds0cn°, J>Cofgyld .Fine payable for theft: stalu .For breaking in: burgbryce .Fine for forcible entry into house: hims0cn .For illegal trafticking: w6hceapung0 .For illegal cutting of wood: wuduhfewet° .For alienation of land: landceap .Imtead of a ftouing: hydgild •To bay oat of (feud, punishment): gebycgan, ofice.apian° 14.05.05 Physical punishments: .A flogging: iswungennes0 g , hyd, siege, swingel, witeswinge0 P .A scourging, beating: gebeat, geJ>ersc, geJ>erscing0 g .A stroke, blow: swinge .A racking: hengen 632

14.05.06 MeansflDlplement of torture

.A stonlq: torfung .F1ery torment: lfgcwaluop .A blood-offering: blOdWJ"le .A ftoaer, scourger: beaterc, swingere0 P .A Bayer: hyldercl .That beats: beatende .To beat, flog: iswingan, beswingan, (ge)swingan, swipianP, swippan .To buffet, slap: plaettan° .To be floged: l>olian byde .To flay: beftean .To cut ofr the feet: befOtian .To rack: l>riwan See 05.06.09ff Strike 14.05.05.01 Capital punishment: beheafdung .Place of execution: cwealmstedeog, cwealmstow .An executioner: cwellere, ftl!scbana, fti!sccwellercl, slaga .Beheaded: beMafodlic' .To behead: beheafdian

See 02.02.04.04.03 Putting to death; 05.12.01.07.01 Hang 14.05.05.01.01 CrucUixion, death on cniss: rOd, rOdehengen .To crucify: ihon, (ge)hangian, (ge)hOn, (ge)naeglian on rOde, on ihon,

onhon, ger0dfaestnian°g, iip ihon 14.05.06 Means/implement of torture: wite ,Scourge, rod, whip: besma, corprg, ferele, gierd, 11!1, leadst2f0 g,

olt>wong°g, pollup0 , rodd, swingel, swipu. t>reaswinge0 g .Yoke, pillory: sweorcops, sweorsc.acul0 g .An instrument of torture: balca, gled, lead, pinungtol -Pole nud for torture: wil(e)stengg -A stake: siege -·On which crimlul's bead fhed: heafodstocc -Implement of three stakes: l>repel -A rack: hengen -A wheel: hweol -A furnace: ryrpone!, l>olle! .Immersion as torture: bael> -Sack in which parriddes killed: wilecyll 0 g 633

14.05.07 Binding, fastening with bonds .Gallows, gibbet, cross~ gealga, gealgtreow, hcngen, hcngetr~w 0', lfchanga, rOd, weargrOd, weargtreow 0 , wultheafodtreo0 P ..A noose: grfn .Torture c.-bamber: crucethur 0 .Lion's den: l~na slat> .Bonds of tortuno/pwdsbmeat: wi\ebendP ..About tbe bead: ~odbend .HeJllab bonds: hcllbend0 P, belle clamm

14.05.07 Blndl111, futenlna with bonds: bindele .A bond, chain, fetter: bend, camp0 P, clamm, cosp, fetor, fetorwrisen°P, heft, hefteclommP, ~ftnred, ~flung, lannP, leol>ubendP, racente, racenteah, scaecq, sceacol, wealte', wil>l>e ..An iron bond: irenbendP, ise(r)n, ise(r)nfetor' ..Fetter forcapdves: hildewnisn°P, wealsida0 P ..Collar: geoc ..stock: stocc ..Sinew bond: seonubend0 P ..Handcutrs: handcops ••Foot irons: fOtcosp, f0tfeter 0 ' . fOtgemet ..Grievous bond: bealubend0 , bealuclomm0 P, bealurip0 P, inwitwrasnP .Bound, fettered: gebunden, (ge)cosped, gecospende ..By the feet: gelotcopsed', (ge)fOtcypsed' .To bind, fix (with fetters, ropes): beclemman°P, beclencan°', beclingan°P, (ge)heftan, (ge)n!pan, (ge)s&lan, ymbwindan ..On the feet: (ge)rotcopsian' .To load with cbalm: bendum belecgan, clamme belecgan, witebendum belecgan .To cast into chalm: sl~ on racentan .To pat In bonds, fetter, de: (ge)bendan, (ge)bindan, (ge)cyspan, (ge)festnian, gefeterianP, geracenteagian, (ge)n!ptan, (ge)s&lan, (ge)wnpan

14.05.08 Capdvity: gefeng, heft, geheftednes'. heften°, (ge)heftnes, ~ftnied, ~ftniednes, heftno1>, heftnung, heal>rP, nied .A capdve, prisoner: feng, (ge)heft, geheftend, heftling, heftniedling, niedling, n!p(l)ing ..A fettered prisoner: gefetredP .Capdve, captured: geheft, gehergod .To catch In tbe act, apprebencl: befaran, befOn

634

14.05.08.01 Prison, confinement. durance .To seltt, arrest: beniman, berfdan, c!pan, (ge)f'On, forfOn, fomiman, gegripan, (ge)hzftan, (ge)heftnian, geheftniedan, healdan, hentan, oferfOn .To bold, detain, confine: (ge)babban, (ge)hzftan, gehzftnian, (ge)healdan, (ge)heaJ>orian, (ge)nearwian .(Offetten) to dutfe: rrdan See 05.10.05.04.15 Close; 13.02.05.01 ff Victory 14.05.08.01 Prison, confinement, durance: hengen, hengenWJ"lung", nearu .A prison, jail: carcern, cliise, cliistorP, cliistorloc', cweartem, nirewett,

nirwJ:>oS, wrte&m0 S, wnehiis •.A dungeon: dimhfisS, dung"S ..A prison cell: cUistorcleofa0 P ..A cage: scrin ..Prison as enforced enclosure: hlfnrecedP, neaing .Household goods: botlgcstl'WnP, faru, ftcttgcstealdP, inCddisc0 8, inncfcoh0 , innierfe0 , ingcsteald0 P, inorf, yddisc .Property in cattle: fcobgM° .Deadstock: fcorm .Owner of a clweJllng: boldigcndP .A dty-owner: burgigcnd0 P .Owner and builder: wealdendwyrhta0 P .To appertain, belong to: (ge)licgan tO/into .To be allotted: gesceotan •To give possession of, present: gcirian, to banda geridan .To arant a tenth: tcogol>ian, ttpc frcmian •To ride and get possession of: geridan See 14.01.04.02 Property rights; 16.02.05ff Church property 15.01.01 Landed property: i:ht, i:htcland0 , land, landir, landcfnc0 , landhzfen°, landsetcn, landspCd0 , stal>oli:ht0 P .Private lands: sundorfcoh0 , sundorland .Common land: folcland, folcsccaruP ..Divided into strips: (ge)dalland -Meadow stripland: dilmitd0 .Freehold land(s): igenland, b0czceras0 , bOcland, eamingland0 .Pu.rcbased land: ceapland0 .Demesne land: inland, land ..Lord's woodland: insni:d0 , inwudu0 .Land belonging to a 'burb': byrgland .Leased land: gafolland, li:nland 636

15.01.01.01 Holding of land

.Land granted to tenants: iitland ..Subject to service: wcorcland0 .Lawl occupied by peasants: (ge)biirland .Dependant's land: geneatland _Of a 'boocla': bOndeland° -Of a 'byclel': bydel~ccr. bydelland -Of a reeve: (ge)reftand ·-Reeve's meadow: gere~d -Of a thane: J>egnland0 .Small piece of land: bytt .Enclosed piece of land: ham .Meadowland property: litl> .Addition to an estate: Icelsq .Units of land: -Thousand: J>iisend -Family share: manslot -Manor: him .(Of land) common: ceorlic, (ge)mi!ne ••Belonging to the state, public: cynelic .Unencumbered: clzne, unforwyrht •With dues undischarged: ungestroden°, unwered •Without housing: hrofteas •Without stock: yrfeleas0 .In full, without reservation: clitne •With freedom from control, rule, etc.: freolice See 04.02.03 Farmland; 12.06 Territory 0

15.01.01.01 Holding of land: szta .Occupancy of land: landseten .Joint tenancy: gemltnnes .A lease, fief: lien .•(Of lease) not lapsed, in force: unigan .Joy in land ownenhip: eJ>elwynnP ••Usufruct: bryce .Declaration of ownership: ignung .Proof of ownership: ignung .A landed proprietor: landrica •.A landlord, owner of land: landhliford -One rich in land, landed man: gelenda .An occupier of land, a tenant: landseJ>la0 637

15.01.01.01.01 Hiring, letting out of property/land

.One who rents land, a tenant: hyra, gcneatmann° •..A payer of 'gavel' rent: gafolgiclda -Tenant who gives service: (gc)neat ...A 'sokeman' (under a lord's jurisdiction): s0cnmannq

.Holding land: landlgcndc, landlucbbcndc, gclandod0 .Given land: gelend .Occupying land: landsittende .Never to be removed: unbcrCafigendlic0 .Not owning land: unlandigendc0 ..Landless: landleas .Rightly, with undisputed title: rihte .To bold land: habban, (ge)healdan, gesittan • To obtain, bold, have granted: habban, ofgin • To bold by lease: to handa (ge)healdan •To declare oneself owner: Agnian .To prove one's title: geagnian .To refrain from declaring land: werian land .To appropriate: ignettan°K, (ge)lgnian, (ge)niman, Pt>ingian°, stingan on, teon (tO) .To diminish (land) by appropriation: gewanian 15.01.01.01.01 Hiring, letting out of propertynand: bchyrong, gehyrong°K .Rented: bchyredK, gehyred .To let, lease out: ifzstan°g, ilenan, ilendan, bchyranK, (ge)lenan, (ge)ltttan (tO), leon, onh!nan, settan to gafole .To rent, borrow, hire: ihyran, gafolian See 15.02.04.01 Rent

15.01.02 Gift, transfer of property: giefu .A grant, donation: selen, unne .From a lord: hlifordgiftOK ..For provisions: feonnfultum .For clothing: scriidfeoh0 , scriidfultum ..Aid from church: ciricfultum .A settlement: gesetnes .Transfer, exchange of land: (ge)hwearf, landgehwearf0 .Conveyance by charter/deed: bOcung .An Irrevocable gift: rihtgifu .To confer, assip, bestow (property, land): bcteon, gecwet>an. geatan, (ge)lttnan, gereccan, (ge)sellan, ut isellan 638

I S.O1.02.0 I Inherited propertY

.To endow wilb property: (ge)g6dian, gelendan •To tnmfer, nchtinp (Jami): gehwierfan ..By charter/deed: (ge)becan, (ge)bOcian, (ge)unnan, (ge)wnlan -Apln: gecd~lsian •To be/become gnmterlncelver/sbarer: tJl>a beonlweorJ>an .To P"' from possession: (ge)hweorfan, gewilan fram .To alimate, put out ofpollellion: gedon ilt, (ge)Utian See 10.03.03 Grant 15.01.02.01 Inberited property: fcdeml>eloP, fzdergestreon', ierfe, yrfeweardnes .A private inheritance: sundoryrfeP .A bc::qu.est, legacy: yrfellfP •.A huge legacy: eonnenllf0 P .An heirloom: yrfellfP .Inherited land: fzder land, (ge)hlotland, yrfeland .A will: (ge)cwide, willa, wise ..That Is written: yrfeb&:, yrfegewrit .A testator: yrfeweardwn"lereoS, yrfewrilend°' .An heir: hand, ierfa0 • yrfellfP ..A natural heir: ~lsuefOP. hordweardP. yrfehand0 ..A benddary: yrfenuma ..A co-heir, co-bmefidary: efenyrfeweard, midyrfenumaoS .A poaessor of property: yrf(e)weard .Division of an inheritance: yrfegedAJ8 ..A heriot: heregeatu ...Land as heriot: heregeatland° .Argument about an inheritance: yrfegeflit° .Belonging to one by inheritance; gecynde .Not left by will: unbecweden .Intestate: cwidelw .hsaeless: unforleten .In perpetuity: on ece yrfe .To inherit: yrfan, (ge)yrfeweardian .To leave, have remainder: forletan, lefan .(Of property) to P"" to: igin .To leave, band down: forhttan, giefan, lefan, ll!ran forp, letan, toforli:tan .To bequeath, leave by will: becweJ>an, gecwel>an .To dkfnhuit: beyrfeweardian 639

15.01.03 Treasure, riches, wealth

15.01.03 Treasure, riches, wealth: a!htsped0 8, a!htgestreon°P, a!htwelaP. eadP, eadwelaP, eorlgestm>nP, feoh, feohspCda0 , feohgestm>n. frztwe, ga:rsum(a), gold, goldi:ht0 P, honl, lifweJaP, m1Pmgestm>n, miPl>umgesteald0 P, miPl>umwela0 P, m0dwyn°P, sine, (ge)streon, wela. willgesteald0 P .Abundance of wealth: honl11U1Cgen°P, sincgewltge0 P .Ancient treasure: zrgestreonP, zrwela0 P, ealdgestreon, fyrngestreon°P, langgestreon°P .Earthly treasure: eort>gestreon°. eort>wela, foldwela0 P, grundwela0 P. landwela0 P, worulddugut>P, woruldfeoh0 P, woruldsped, woruldgestreon, woruldl>ing, woruldwela .Rieb/princely treasure: dryhtmil>m0 P, dryhtgestreon°P. heahgestreonP. icgegoldq. ofenniJ>um0 P, sincgestreonP, l>CodgestteonP. wuldorgestealdP, wundonnil>m .ID-gotten treasure: ungestreon° .A treasure, precious article: iJ1>ing°8, dCorwyrl>nes, ga:rsuma. goldmapm0 P, mapml!htP, JDil>um, sincmij>l>um0 P ..Beaten gold, gilded treasure: fl!tedsinc0 P ..A costly vessel: sincfa:tP .A treasure hoard: bCaghoniP. goldhord, honl, honlmil>m0 P, hordgestreonP. honlwela0 P, hordwynn°P, miPmhoni0 P, searoget>ra:cq ..Dragon's board: wyrmhonl0 P ..Treasure of dty/people: burhwela0 P. folcgestreon°P .A treasury: bigyrdel, feohhonl0 8, feohhiis0 8, goldhonl, goldhordhiis0 8, m!l>mcleofa0 , miPmhiis, JDil>t>um, sceoppa0 .A coffer, treasure-chest: honlfa:t, hordloca0 P, m!l>mcyst .A steward, treasurer: honlere, mil>mhyrde0 • stihtere See 04.05.03.04 Treasure-house; 10.03.08 Munificence 15.01.04 Coinage, money: mynet, peningas, sceatt .Ready money: licgende feoh .Metal used in payment: gold, seolfor .Ring, treasure (as money): bCag .(Coined) metal, coin: feoh .Means, funds: andfeng, andleofen, sceattas .A chest for storing money: myderce .A wallet, purse: bigynlel, bisa:cc0 8 .A money-dealer: massere, mynetcypa0 • mynetere, peninghwyrfere0 8 . peningmangere8 .A coin, piece of money: mynet, sceatt, wecg 640

15.01.05 Possession of wealth ..A ..,.11 coin, mite: pricele, stycce ..A piece ol sllYer, coin: seolforstycce, seolfring ..Denomlnatioas ared la Enaland~ ...A pound: pund ...A mark: mare ....A half-IDIU'k: healfmearc ...A mancus (thirty pence): mancus ...A ,billing: scilling -OI sterling money: rihtscilling° ...A penny: pening ....A threepenny piece: trymes -An ahnspenny: relmespenig° ...A mite, farthing: hielfting° ...A pnall cola, farthing: t!orl>ling, teort>ung ...A rceat (variable value): sceatt ...A Danish cola: ora, yre -Translations of foreip tetms: bizant°', cisering', drnor, pening, pund, scilling, talentc, trymes, yndse .Striking ol money: mynctslcge, peningsla:ht', siege ..A 8nt mlatlng/colnage: frummynctslregc ..A coiner, moneyer. myneterc ..A mint: mynctsmi~l>e ..A die for stamping cola: mynetfsen° .Stetting, accepted: trcwyrt>e, mere, merehwn° -(Of weight or coinage) false: fals .To coin, mint: feoh (ge)slcan, (gc)mynetian .To be cu11mt, be la me: faran, gin, gangan 0

15.01.05 Pwseuion of wealth: fcohgcsteaJd°P .Opulence, wealth: sp&ligncs& .A rich man: bcomP .Rich: gifigog, maga, rice, gcselig, sp&lig, wcle~ig, welig -Rieb la (worldly) goods: chtsp&lig, chtwelig°P, woruldspedig0 ,

woruldwclig° -Very rich. opulent: ladig, fcla rice, full welig, oferweligq, tOftOwcndc, ~urhspCdig°

-Rich in gold, wealthy: goldsp&lig°P ..Rieb la land: lindsp&lig ..Rieb la cattlelgoocls: ceapcadig0 P, fcohstrang& ..Rieb la corn: com~lig°& 641

15.01.06 Poverty, indigence .8umptuously: bchy)>ellce°' .To amass ricbes, lay up tnamre: isettan, goldhordian, hordian, gclogian, ongWilecgan°', sparian, gcstricnan, wclan (gc)gadrian, (gc)wcligian

15.01.06 Poverty, indigence: ieasccaftncs&, hafcnleast, hienp(o), ierm)>, na:ft, J>earfcdncs, )>earflicncs, unsp&l', wl!dclncs, wl!dl, w~lung, wanl!ht0 P, wanhaf(c)ncs', wanhafolncs&, wansp&l, wanspedigncs0 &, w~ P •Want ot money: fcohleasncsq, ncaroncs .Great need, penury: codorgong°P, oferpcarf .A poor person: nrcdw~la P, )>earfa. J>earf(ig)cnd, uniga0 P, unmaga, wl!dla, wzdling, wanhafa, wcorl>J>earfa0 , woruld)>earfa0 P ..Person in ga eat need: ofer)>earfa ..Begar, penon supported by alms: a:lmcsmann, loddcre, ta:tteca .Poor, needy, indigent: be)>earfcndc, be)>earfod, cann, lealog°P, leasccaftP, tU.sccaftig0 P, hWI, mcdsp&lig°P, na:ftig&, )>earfcndc, )>earfcndlic, )>earflic, unrfce, wl!dla, wl!dlig, wl!dligcnd, wanhafol, wanspedig, woruld)>earfendc0 P -Poor, without means: fcohlw, hafcnleas, hWispedig°P, unspedig ..Depending on alms: a:lmcslic -1..ackiag clothing, poor, needy: nacod .MUerably: )>earfcndllcc .To be poor, be in want: rued habban, )>earfan, )>urfan, wl!dlian .To make poor, pauperize: gciennan 0

0

See 10.03.09 Matkration

15.01.06.01 Beuing: w~lung .A beggar: w&dla .Beging, mendicant: wl!dla .To beg: bedecian, gicman, wl!dlian -To get by beging or asking: ibcdecian See 12.03.04.01 Entreaty

15.02 Worth, value: (gc)wcor)> .Price: dap, fcoh, sceait, weorl> -Fixed price (of cattle/goods as currency): ingildc ..Market-price: ceapgild ..Legal payment deter uained by: hcalsfang .A doctor's fee: lzcefcoh0 .An entrance-fee: ingang, inlid .Pasnge-money: fa:rcht, fa:rsccat/fcrescea1, sciptoll, toll 642

15.02.04 Spending, disbursement .Value/price ofa man: mangyld, wer, wergild ..As a standard for replatiag matten: wer, wergild .Brlde-prlce: wituma .Worth, of (a certain) Yalue: weort> •.A pennyworth: peningweorp ..A halfpennyworth: healfpenigwurp .(Of price) fixed: gescead .To Yalue: geeahtian, (ge)weort>ian 15.02.01 Hlgblsteep price: deop chip .Valuable, cosily: d!ore, d!orwiert>e, hCalic, lwftic, lwfwende, sel,

gestreonful, weorplic ..Equally dear. efendyre .At peat cost: dwre .To raise, increase price: in!ran (gild) .(Of cost) to fall, be reduced: ztfeallan 15.02.02 Cheap: und!ore, unweorp .Of no value, worthless: wort>tcas0 S .Free: unboht, unc!ap, unc!aped0 S, uncype0 S .Cheaply: und!ore .For nothing, free: oldape(s), orceapunga. orc!apungum, orsceattinga0 ,

to gifes, unc!apunga 15.02.03 An acconnt: gescead .An account, reckoning: racu, riht, rihtnes .A reckoning by sbillhlp: scillingrim0 P .An auditor (in a market): gemotmann .A demand for payment: myndgung .To demand payment: gemanian, myndgian .To rmder an account, settle: feoh gesettan, riht igildan, gescead igildan 15.02.04 Sperullng, dfsbunement: spendung .A payment, fee: feoh .Exchange as payment: gield, gewrixl .Payment of money: feohgesceot° .Flrst instalment: frumgield .Further payment: zftergield° .Pay, wages, remuneration: bfieofa. eamung, eftgeafung°S, egnwirhtq, feohsceatt0 P, gield, hyr, lean, medsceatt, scipe ..A day's pay: dzgwine

643

15.02.04.0 I Payment for temporary use, rent, hire ..Pay for ba)"Nldn1: ~dmed -Payment for prayen: gebedbigen° -Payment in meal/com: comgesceot°, melugescot0 -Payment in ale: mealtgesceot° -Loa of wood as bonus: waegn~w .Money for buyina clothes: scriidfeoh0 .One who makes payment: edgyldend° -Payer of biftlwqes: hyregildaoS .Subject to threefold payment: l>rigylde .Unpaid: unigifen° .Not repaid: unleanod° .With a sinale payment: ingilde(s) .With a double payment: twisceatte0 .With a threefold payment: l>rfgylde .To disburse, spend: Wosyllan, giefan, (ge)gieldan, gehealdan, ongieldan, recenian, sceotan, (ge)sellan ..By way of acknowleqement of a dalm: gecniwan ..To pay a bride-price: gesceatwyrpanoS .To pay for the services of someone: (ge)bycgan .To answer for, be accepted (as payment): gin for •To keep back, withhold payment: forhabban, forhealdan .Not to be forthcomina: tostandan, wit>standan

0

0

IS.02.04.01 Payment for temporary use. rent, hire: hyr .Rent: gafol, gafolr~en, sceatt, toll ..In sinale instalment: n!degafol ••Recognitory rent for land: landfeoh0 ••Charge for special pasturqe: aefesn -Payment for pasturing of swine: swinsceadu0 ..8ervice/dues paid by tenant: mannn!den -Ploughing, etc. as rent: gafolyrp0 ..Payment In food: feonn -Payment in barley: beregafol0 , gafolbere0 -Payment in fish: gafolfisc0 -Payment in honey: huniggafol 0 ..Payment in fencing-wood: gafoltining0 ..Payment in fire.wood: gafolwudu0 .Items with special rents: 644

15.03.02 A tax ..(Aplmt a swarm of bees) honey: gafolhcord° ..(Apinst a me..tow) mowiq: gafolmat.d0 ..(Aplmt putunae) plooplng: gaersyf1>0 See 15.01.01.01.01 Hiring 15.03 Exaction of tu/tribute: gafolmanung°S, manung .Power of leYJina 81w1: sOcn .Gatberiq of tolla: toll .seat of toll or custom: ~mul, c!apsetl0 • tollsceamol, tolsetl .A tu contribution: gafol, (ge)scot .Levy, amount to pay: blot, sceatt .Tribute expected by Ionian power: gafol, gicld, gombeP ..Tribute penny: gafolpenigP ..Danegeld: hercgild •Tu-ptberer/toll-ptbenr: cecepol, gafolcs andfengend, gafolgmfa'. nicdbidcre. tollcre, tolncre0 ' , wfcgmfa .Fllcal: gafollic' .Free of tu: gafolfi&>, gildfi&>0 .To levy a fine/due: bi!odan gield, ofmanian° .To leiR u tu, conl8cate: gegafolian .To pay toll: tyllan° See 14.01.04.03 Money rights 15.03.01 Toll: IOOt°S, toll, toln •Toll on buyina or wlllng: ceaptoln°, cieping, mertz.e0 8 ..On soocls carried Into market: inlld ..On soocls carried out ol llW'bt: iltlld0 ..On exposure of goods: sceawung ..On loading a ship: hlesting ..On packbone load: seamtoln° ..SbHHng toll on wagons: waegnscillung° ..Penny-a-load toll: s&unpending° 15.03.02 A tu: gafol, gafolgyld, gield, gildselcnq, nCadgafol, neadgyld, nicdbld, sclcn, trifct°I .An excessive tu: ungyld(c) .Food/money u tu: metegafol0 .Bl•nket as tu: gafolhwt'lel0 .Tribute paid In ale: ealugafol0 .Lenci-tu: hidgild, landgafol 645

15.04 A debt, due .Forest-tu: wudufcoh0 & .Mill-tu: mylengafol 0 .Tu on a hundred: hundrcdpcnig .Town due: burhgeriht, pongcriht° .Ship-tu: scipgyld0 , scipgcsccot° .Tu in lieu of fighting: wcardpcning

See 12. 06.02 Tax district 15.04 A debt, due: gafol, gylt .A due, what must be paid: nydriht ..A due from land: landriht ..A yearly due: geargcriht -Handful of com: haerfcsthandful 0 .A debtor: borg, borggelda&, gafoJgyJdere, neadgylda0 &, nydgylta0 & ..A fellow debtor: gcscoJa .To owe (money, etc.): igan to geJdannc, scuJan, t>urfan .To fall into debt: begin on borg .To restore, make 1cstitution: ofstandan -To repay (a debt), dkcharce: (ge)learnan, scyttan, tolipian, toJysan See 10.03.04.01 Repay 15.04.01 Lenclina of money: fcohJ~nung°& .A loan: borg, l~n. miltungoS, wrixJ, wrixlung .Redemption of mortgaged land: landhredding° .Usury: fcohgafo)0 , fricooS, minsccattP .Interest: ignett0 g, gafoJ, hyr, byrcborgq, ofcrsccatt0 g, gcstreon, unribtgafol0 , unrihtgcstreon, waestm, waestmsceatt, gewcaxncs .A lender: borggeJda&, borgiend, lenend, Jencre0 g. striidcnd .A usurer, estortioner: rcpcman°P, striidcnd .A collector, creditor: maniend .One paying interest: gafolgielda .To borrow: borgian, onborgian -To borrow from: iborgian set .To lend: ilfon°g, borgian, (ge)scJJan, wrixlan -To lead at interest: ll!nan, wcort>ian .To advance money: forscfotan° 15.05 Trade, trafllc, commerce: bige0 , ceap, ceapung, creping, cype. forceap0 g, mangung .Slave-traftlc: leodbygenq, mannsylen 646

15.05.01 Goods, stock. merchandise ..A bought 1e1 +1111t, slave: cCapcniht

..Remainder of slave-property: mannlif0 .Act of srllin1, sale: bcbycgung', salaog ..Drink conflrmiq sale: dryncel~ .Act orbuyiq: bygen° .Esdwn1e, barter: hwearfung .~return, proftt: innung, nytnes, (gc)till>c ..Honest pins: ribtcbcgitan° ..To be profitable, pro8t: gcl>Con .saleable: cyplicog .Not traded, unbougbt: unbcbobt° .For sale: gccyPc .To sell, buy, a:ch.nce, deal, tnde: (gc)bycgan, (gc)c!apian, (gc)cypan,

mangian, (gc)sellan, (gc)wrixlan .To drive/transact a bargain: c!ap (gc)dn""fan, mangungc dn"fan .To (neaotiate) transfer: f~lan° .To pin by tralBc: gcmangian, gcstm>n, tilian, to bcgictan .To sell: bebycgan, brdapian, bccyPan, gcbycgan, forscllan, (gc)sellan tO/wil> .To buy: bccCapian, (gc)bycgan ..To buy ofrlout: ichpian ..To lay out, 1et the value or: cystan ..To afford: l>urht!on See 17.02.04 Craft

15.05.01 Goods, stock, merdutlMlhe: c!ap, crcpcl>ing, creping, mcrtzcl! .Article or merrhalMlhe: waru .A market, market-place; d8pstow, c!apstn!t. c!apunggemot°«, creping, market ..A home of men:handlw; mangunghOs0 ..A meat-market: ftl!sccyping°', ftl!scbOsog, ftl!scstntt0 « ..A place where salt ls sold: scaltwrc

.A market-day: ceapdzg«, cfpcdzg« .Annual market: geartnarkct° .A trader: ceapman, cypa. cyp(c)mann, cyPcnd, mangcre, masscrc ..A botcher: ftl!scmangcre, ftl!sctlwcrcoS ..A butterwoman: smeorumangcstte0 ..A soap-dealer: sapercq ..A water carrier/seller. w11ttcrbcrend«, wztcrbercrc« . .A buyer. bycgcnd

647

16 The extrasensorial world

16. Religion 16 The ab 11rnsorlal world: 16.01 A divine Mina: godcundnes, hilig .Heavenly fon:e: hcofonnurgenP .Divinity, divine nature: godcundlicnes0 , godcundnes, godcundspCd,

godhlid0 ,godrna:gen "Of the nature of God: godcundlic .Tbat makes goclHke: godcund. godcundlic .DivbwJy: dryhtlfce, godcundlrce 16.01.01 God, the Lord: dryhten, fiia. fieadrihtenP, god, heahfreaP, hlahgod0 P, h&ihost, hlifont, sigedryhtenP, trrfruma0 P, l>&>den .Of God: dryhten', dryhtenlic, dryhtlic, godcund, godcundlic, godlic, hilig,

ilplic .Proceeding from God: godcund, godcundlic, hcofonlic .Acceptably to the Lord: dryhtenlrce 16.01.01.01 Attributes of God: .The eternal: se b .IMlfable: unisecgendlic, unt0sprecendlic .Incomprebemible: unbefangenlic, unbegripendlic

.Immortal: undeadlic, undCal>lic .Uncreated: ungesceapen, ungeworht .Immutable: unlwendedlic, unlwendendlic .lnclfvisible: in "UDdivided: untOl>ig .Anger: wn!l>l>u ..Anpy: WJ'il>, WJ'il>mOP, stJpmOd .Grace, favour: giefnes, giefu, gif "Glorious/blessed grace: eadgiefuP, wuldorgifuP "Gradoos: eat>moo, l~ft21 "Graciously: leoftice .To live, have life: ilibban 16.01.01.01.01 The Almighty: zlmihtig, Mahmiht .or the Almipty: zlmihtig, eallic .Kina, majesty: igend, lgendtrea, cyning, cyningwuldor0 P, eallweaJdaP, eallwealdend, gistcyning°P, hCah cisere, heahcyning, heofoncyning, heofonhcbbendog, heofonwealdendog, heofonweardP, hierde, oferwealdend, onwealda. rcccend, rodorcyningP, s0l>cyningP, sweglcyningP, ~yning, J>rymcyningP, J>rymwealdend, 1>£Yl>cyning°P, wealdend, wealdendgodP, wuldorcyning, wundorcyning°P "Gloriom Lord: lrwesa, J>rymm, wuldor, wuldorgod° ..Prince of aqels: brego engla ~rd of hosts: weoruda drihten (/ealdor/helm, etc.) 16.01.01.01.01.01 MiptJwvu: miht .Great power, divine mipt: godcundma:ht°I, godl>rymm, llCatuncgen, h!ahmiht, heofonm&genP, mzgenl>rymm "Omnipotence: clmihtignes0 , eallmiht°P .MJgbty, powerful: 1IU£genrofP, m&genstrangP, miht, mihtful0 , mihtig ..Exceedingly mipty,almi1hty: zlcrzftig°P, felameahtigP, swi)>fromq, tirmeahtigP .Powerful, niliq: (ge)wealdende ..All-raliq: eallwealdaP, eallwealdende, J>rymwealdend •Triumphant: gOdspedig°P, sigebrel>igP, sigericeP, sigerofP, sigetorht0 P, sigorbeorht°P, sigorfzst 16.01.01.01.01.02 Glory: (ge)beorhtnes, hlisa, weort>scipe, wuldor .Great glory, majesty: godl>rymnesq, heahl>rymmP, heahl>rymnesP, 1IU£genl>rymm, ma:genl>rymnes

649

16.01 .01.02 The activity of the divine .Triumphant story: sigorwuldor 0 P .Great, sublime, stortous: bcorht, ~re. ~rlic, trr!adigP, tirf~stP, torhtmOrYmsittendeP ..Wonderful, (to be) storified: bodigendlic0 , oferhebbendlic', gewuldrod, wundorlic •To stortfy, stve story to: (ge)bcorhtnian'

16.01.01.02 The activity of tbe divine: 16.01.01.02.01 Creator: frumsceppend', fryml>, metend. metod, ordfruma, (ge)scieppend, settend. wyrcend, wyrhta .Author of light: geondlihtend, l&>htfrumaP, l&>btsiwendog .Dlumhwtor: inlihtend, onlihtend .Restorer, renewer: ednfwigend, (ge)cdstaj>eligend .Loni of the world: worulddrihten°P .Prtnce of mankind: brego mancynnes .Inspirer (of souls): bliwend .Handiwork (of God): hand(ge)weorc .A dlnctlon (by God): diht .To create: gedihtan, (ge)scieppan, (ge)stal>lian, gestefnan, (ge)timbr(i)an

16.01.01.02.02 A &ivlna (by Deity): giefu .Giver of IU'e: feorhgifaP, liffreaP, liffrumaP .Giver of all good: wilgiefaP .Giver of bea«ftta: irgifa0 P, bh!dgifaP, cadfrwnaP, !adgiefaP, l&mgyfa0 , symbelgifa0 P .Giver of story: wuldorgifaP

16.01.01.02.03 A wonder, mlrade: m&gen, wundor .A mighty work, prodigy: m2genweorcP •Wondrous bealina: wundorhi:lo0 .A sip lo tbe sky: b&un, heofonbeacen°P

See 06.01.08.05.01.01 Wondrous

16.01.01.02.04 Protector, defender: andfangolog, andfeng, andfenga, andfengend, healdend, (ge)scildend, scildere0 , weardP .Gracious protector: winedrybtenP .Protector of warrlon: wrgendra hi&> See 11. 10.01 Protection 650

16.01.01.04 The Trinity

16.01.01.02.0S Galde: llltew

See 05.12.05.08.01 Guide 16.01.01.02.06 God u Juclp: dema, demend, demere, heahdema0 , heofo~0P

.Judge OD last clay: sigedeJDa .(Of God) just: rihtwis .(Of God'• Judpments) undmumcribed: unymbfangen°, unymbfangenlic,

unymbwriten° 16.01.01.02.07 Divine providence: foresceawung, foreseones, giefu .God of pro'fklentt: foredawere0 1 .To forew: forc:scQwian See 05.04 Fate, tkstiny 16.01.01.02.08 Salvation, rwlemption: ihredding, iliese(n)dnes, iliesing, llresnes, eftlrsingl, feorhneru, fr&>dom, ha!lnes, ha!IJ>, h~l(u), hilorP, hlls0 P, hilwendnes, hrcddung, ltkedom, liesingl, (ge)IIesnes', onliesnes .Redeemer: geim>gend, tm>lsiend, hllwendlica, lfesend .Redeeming, dellveriJll: ha!lende, helendlicl, hilwendel, hilwendlic, l~cedomlic, nergendlic0 , neriende .SO as to redeem: hilwendlfce .To deliver, redeem: (ge)bycgan, (ge)im>gan, (ge)im>lsian, (ge)ht!lan, (ge)liesan 16.01.01.02.09 Re1U1 aecdon: ttrist, erymm, sigebeamP, sunu .Prince/thane: zt>eling, t>egn .Redeemer/saviour: iliesend, eftliesend0 S, geocendP, hi!lend, bilwenda, nergend, onliesendS .Only-beaottm: lnboren, iincenned •Without beafnning: unigunnen° 16.01.01.04.02.0l Incarnation: ftl!scgebyrdS , (ge)ftzsc(en)nes, fli!sclicnes, fll!scniming°S, inftl!scnes0 , inlichomungS, onfttcscnes .Incarnate condition: fti!sc, fti!sclicnes, menniscnes .Tbe Word incarnate: word .Incarnate: gefti!schamod, gefttcscod0 , gelichamod .That lives, living: libbende/lifigende, liffzstende .To be incarnate, have bum•n nature: beon/wesan mann 16.01.01.04.02.02 Events associated with Christ: .Advent: h&cyme0 P, hidercyme, t0cyme ..8econd comin1: toweardnes .Crucifixion: rodehengen -Passion: cwylming, 1>rowung 652

16.01.02.03 Reward of heaven

-To lllffer crucJhioa: IJrOwad b&>n/wesan .Aseemion: ilpifangnes0 , iipbtignes, iipstige .llarrowina of bell: hergung See 14.05.05.01.01 Crucifixion 16.01.01.04.03 Tbe Holy Spirit: gut, heahgl!st0 P, se hilga gut .As paradeto'advocate, comforter: frefriend, frOforgut .Important function (ot Holy Spirit): heahlJegnung°P .That comforts, comfortina: frefrieode 16.01.02 The beaveN, sty: h&hrodor, hWles, hrehl>(u), rodor, swegl,

ilpheofon, ilplyftP, DprodorP .Oftbe heavemlsky: godcund, godcundlic, heofonlic, neorxnawanglic0 , rodorlic, swegleP, ufancund, iipcund, iiplic .From heaven: heofonliee, ufane See 01.02.01 Sky 16.01.02.01 Heavenly dwellln1 place: boldwelaP, ceastcr, elJel, him,

hCahRrYmriee .Court of peace: fril>geard, sibgesihl>' .A building in heaven: heofontimber0 P .A throne of heaven: heofonstoJ 0 P, rodorstoJP 16.01.02.02 Glory/nutjesty ot heaven: heofon, heofonl>rymmP,

heofonwuldor 0 P, hiehl>u, mzgenl>rymm, sweglwuldor0 P, wuldor, wuldorfzstlicnes0 , wuldorprymm .Of heavenly glory: wuldorfzst .Celestial bliss: goddreamP, heofon, heofondreamP, gesa!lignes, (ge)sell>. wuldorblelicnes .Immortally, to immortality: undeapliee 653

16.01.02.04 Paradise

.To Uve, have etemal life: libban See 05.I l.Ol .Ol.OI Eternity

16.01.02.04 Paradise: .Earthly paradise: ncorxnawang, paradrs .Joyous land: wynlandP .Flnt home: frumstOl .A paradisal fteld: scrnfeld, simfeld/sunfeld .Sion: sceawungstOw, gesele, selegesccot, sron, sronbcorgeP, snyttrubiis0 P, wlitesc&lwung° 16.01.02.05 Inhabitants of heaven: heofonbilende0 8, iipware0 S .That dwells in glory: l>rymsittendeP .A spirit: gist ..A ministerina spirit: J>eninggist° .Tbe heavenly bolt: dugul>, heofondugol>op. hcofont>reat°P, hcofonware(-u), hcofonwerod, (ge)lal>Ung, l>egnweorud0 P, wuldorwcorud0 P 16.01.02.05.01 An anpl: angel, engel, heofonengelP, ilpengelP, wuldorgist°P .Angel as messengltl': Erendgist°P, godes boda, wilboda0 P .As lel'YllDt of peace: fril>oscealcP ..As 'peace-weaver': fril>owebbaP .As mighty senant: nuegenl>egen°P .Tbe ratt/order of angels: engelcynn "Glorious race: nuegenl>rymm, wuldorheap0 ..5enphim (ftnt order): seraphrn, sigorcynn°P "Cbenibim (second order): ceruphrn "Thrones (third order): l>rymsetl ..Dominations (fourth order): hlifordscipas ..Prfndpalities (ftfth order): ealdorscipas ..Powers (sixth order): anwealdu "Virtues (seventh order): mihta ~ ardwngel (eighth order): heahboda0 P, beabengel, hblic boda .Of IUllels. angelic: angelic, engelcund0 P, engellic

.Incorporeal: lichamleas, unlrchamlic .Victorious: sigorfestP

16.01.02.05.02 A saint: gist, hilga, hllig, sanct, seint, wuldormagoP .Tbe saints: hllgawarass, hlligware& .AU the saints: ealle hilige 654

I

I I

I I

I

I

16.01 .04 Sorcery, magic, witchcraft .A pcacdul band of wlnts: sibgedrybtP

16.01.02.05.02.01 Mary, queen ofbeavm: cwen, blefdige Medi•trh: fultumgestre«>I, helestre«>I, t>ingestre0 .Sm of tbe sea: dsteorra .Glory/joy of women: wifa wuldor/wynn See 02.01.01.01Soul; 06 Spirit

16.01.03 A iJAiCt&e, poa, demon, pblln: becola°', egesgrima, grima, grimingOI, nihtgeoga, ore', scin/scinn, scucca, t>yrs, wearg, yfelwihtS .A spectle, phlmtaan•: scinnhiw, scinnlic 16.01.03.01 Soal of• deceased pa'90ll: .Spc:ctaal, po.tly: gistlic

deal>. gist, siwol

16.01.03.02 A demoaic appuition: dfofolscin .A demonic er eature: ellengestop, ellorgl!stP, helriina, waelgl!stP 16.01.03.03 A doomed spirit: gCosceaftgist°P .A ad splrlt: carg~ .Walker(s) In dukacss/evil spirit(•): orcneas0 P, sceadugenga0 P 16.01.03.04 Elin race: elfcynn° .Elf, goblin, etc.: aelf(en), pQca&, pQceJ0 & -OI elves: elfiscOI ..Moutain elf: beorgaelfenq, dOnelf(en), muntelfen°S -Field elf: feld&lfen'. land&lfOI -Wood elf: wudu&lfens, wudumaer•, wuduwisaS -Water elf: ~elfen', wetenelfen' ..Nightmare ca•lled by elf: aelfldl0 , elfsiden .An i11CUbus: elf, mera .A succubus: Ieof 16.01.04 Sorceay, magic, witchcraft: lgl~ccrzftOP, bealucreft0 P, deofolcreft, drycreft, drylicq, (ge)dwolcreft, fifmaegen°P, hellcreft0 P, lybcr&ft, malscrung, mort>rcreftOP, scinn(ge)lic, unlybba, unrihtlyblic0 , wiccecr&ft, wiccedom, wiccung°, wiccungdom0 P, yfelweon;OS .An Kt of sorcery: drycreft, (ge)dwolt>ing, scinncreft, scinnlic .A son:aer, wizard: dry, drycrefta0 , drymann, geog(e)lere, lyblka, unlybwyrbta, wicca, wita 655

16.01 .04.01 Sorcery using incantation

.A witch, 10rcerc11: dryicge, h>es(se), lybbestre0 1, sigewff, w&lcyrige,

.

WICCC

.Magic: dieme, drylic -(Of devil) skilled in map: drycneftig, scinncneftig .To use witchcraft: drycneft drlfan, wiccian -To make blunt by fnscribin& with a cbann: forscrifan 16.01.04.01 Sorce•) nslng incantation: galdorcr&ft .A spell, charm: galdor, galdorcwide0 P, galdorl!oJ>°', galdorsang, galdorword0 P, galung', heagoriin°, onsang°, sang, wordgaldor ..A powerful charm: hCahgealdor 0 P ..A charm produdng enmity: heteriin°P ..A cbarm producing victory: sigegealdor 0 P ..A cbann against snakes: wyrmgealdor .A wbard, magidan: galdorcr&ftiga, galdorgalendl, galdorgalere8, galdre, galend, galere', ongalend, J>yrs, wirgunggalere°' .An enchantna, sorceress: burgriin(e)', galdricge', h>es(se), heahriin°'. hellerilne, helrynegu0 1, l!odrilne .A snake-charmer, sorcerer: wyrmgaldere, wyrmgalere .To sing charms, enchant: begalan, besingan, (ge)galan -To recite (a charm): begalan, ongalan, singan .To constrain by nreariq: forswerian 16.01.04.02 Sorcery invol'rina drup or potions: itorcrzft, lyblac, mort>weorc .A witch who works with beabe: wyrtgzlstre0 S .A maker of poison: itorwyrhta°' .Bewitched, affected by a herb: forboren See 04.06.02.06 Poison 16.01.04.03 Sorcery involving deceptive appeannc:es: scinncneft .A sorcerer, malidan: scinncnefta', scinncrzftiga, scinnere8, scinnhtca .A sorceress, witch: scinnlzce .Mqkal, spectral: scinnlzce, scinnlic .Specb e-baunted: scinnseoc0 .To produce an unreal appeanmce: Jrcettan 16.01.04.04 A magical apparatus: drycneft. scinncneft .A charm, amulet: bealsb0c0 , lybesn .A victory-brinaina rod: sigegyrd°P .Glory·twf&, ?plant with medlciml virtue: wuldortln°P 656

16.01.04.06.04 Prophecy, divine speech .A rune brinslna daitb, baleful ln"'Crlptlon: welnOt°P .A moppet, daitb-ansfna lmqe: mort>

16.01.04.05 Necronwncy: ITcwiglung°, scinnlic 16.01.04.06 DIYlnatlon,aapry: friht, frihttung', galdor, hllsung, hwatu, hwatung, wamfreht', wiglel, wiglung .A diviner, aupr: frihtere0 , hilsc:re, hwata0 , redend, ntdere, cynemann°P, scop, sO~boraq, wiglere, wischere0 , wllega ..A prophetess, sybU: wllegestre .sortUepous: dysigcrzftig° .Skilled in explaining mysteries: r0ncr&ftig°P .To augur, take auspices: frihtrian°1, hilsian, (ge)wiglian .An augur, diviner by birds: fugelhwata°', fugelweohlere0 1 M(Of a bird) tbat divines, forebodln&: wigol°' .A diviner by mpwa: wyrmbelsere°' .A diYIDer fiOm wri&es: w&>fodwiglere0 1 16.01.04.06.01 Altroloa: m>nung, steomonun~. steorwiglel, steorwiglung°I, tungolttl, tungolcrzft, tungolcr&ftwise0 1, tungolgesceadl, tungolsprk°' .An utaoloaer: steorscawerel, steorwiglereOI, tunglerel, tungolcnieft(i)ga, tungolwitega ..An llltroloaer, olJ1erYer of times/...,..: chegmllsceawerel, tidsc&were°', tidymbwlllendOI ..An astroloaer, birdMUviner: gebyrdwiglere0 1, gebyrdwitega0 1 .Clever at utrology: steorgle&wl 16.01.04.06.02 Propolltkatlon by castlna loa: hliet. (ge)blot, blyte, blytmOP .One wbo dim.es by castlna lots: blytere0 , hlytta, tinhlyta°', tlnhlytere°' .A lot, object used In castin& loa: bliet, blot, hlyte, geblytto, tin .Urn in which lots are placed: bliet, blot .To proposticate tbroaah castin& loa: bl&>tan, blotlhlyte sendan, blot wcorpan 16.01.04.06.03 Interpaetatlon of dreams: swefnracu0 .An Interpreter of dreams: swefnn:ccere°' 16.01.04.06.04 Prophecy, diYine speech: giedd, gieddung .A prophet or Mer: d!ofolwitega0 P, wllega

6S1

16.01.05 Hell, lower world, abode of the dead .An onde: godspn!ce, geryne, gespnk .An omen: lutl, hwatu See 06.01.08.04.01 P~monition; 16.02.01.12.01.01 Prophecy 16.01.0S Hell, lower world, abode of the dead: hell(e) .Abyss, ness, pit of bell: bobn, grund, hellegrund, hellegrutS, hclleseap, na:ss,

ncowelncs, nil>q, nij>hcll0 •Vault of bell: hcllhcopu 0 P .Jaws/mouth of bell: fcorhg6ma0 P, gOma, hclleceaft 0 P, hellcmiij:>0 .Tenible/bellish country: hellcst6w 0 , sc atola Ct>cl .Stygian lake: hellemerc' .River of torment: tintrcgan ea .Fire of hell: d~l!g°P, f'Yrba:t>P. hellcbryne, hcllefYr, }>11et &:e fYr .Dwelling-place, courts of bell: dlal>sclcP. belle ftOras, hellehiis, hellsceal>a. wcargtrafu ..Entrance to bell: helldorP, hcllcdor, hellcduru, hellegcat

-Cerbenu: hellehund -Keys of bell: belle ~gan .(Nether/perpetual) darkness: hindcrt>Costtu0 P, sinnihteP,

}>is swcartan mistas .Rell of serpents: wynnscle .sad hom~pit of misery: gromhofOP, WJil>scrzfOP .House of wickedness: minhiis0 P .Hellish, infernal: hellcund0 , hcllelicoS, hellic, tintrcganlic0 , tintreglic0 .Bottomless, tartarean: grundleas .Dark, tartarean: dcorc .Like a fen of bell: hcllfenlic0 S 16.01.05.01 Damnadon, perdldon, reprobadon: ford!mcdncs,

forspillcdncs, hell, (ge)nit>erung, wit>crcorcnncs0 , wyrg}>uP .Confinement of hell: ccastcr, hclleloc, hcllege}>wing°P. hcolstorhofOP .Place ftlled with torment: SUS)Stcde0 S, tintrcgst6w 0 , wnescrzf0 P, WJ""\cstOW, wn(n)ungst6w ..Dwelling ftlled with torment: morporhofOP, morporhiis0 P, siislhofOP, wnchils .Hell-torment: cwicsiisl, gistcwalu0 P, gttstgewinn°P, bellcwalu0 P, hellcbcalu0 P, hellenij>0 P, hcllcpin, hcllcsilsl, hclletintrcg(a), hellewi'le, hclltrcga0 P, WJ'lc .Howlinp of bell: hcllch!af'OP .Terron of bell: hcllcbroga, hcllegryrc 658

16.01.05.02.02 Other terms for devils .To cast down, d•mn to bell: iniJ>rian, fordeman, fordon .Dadoed to bell: grundfiis0 P, hellfiisP See 02.02.03.04 Spiritual death 16.01.05.02 Species of de'ril, hellish race: dCofolcynn°, hellecinn°P .Hell's denlttns: hellewaran, hellwerod, heolo)>aP .God of the lower world: deal>god°', helgodl, belle god .Old enemy: ealdfCondP, fymsceal>a0 P ..SOW's enemy: gistbana0 P, gestgen1)>1a0 P .Tempter: costigend, cost(n)ere .Slayer: bana .Torturing destroyer: sllslbana0 P .Attacking demon: hildedeofoJ 0 P .Devilish one: dCofolcunda0 P .Devilish, diabolic: dCofollic, fCondlic, scuccen° ..As a devil: dCofollicc .Damned one: iwyrgda, forhitene, wyrged ..Cruel damned one: iwyrgda wulf .Damned, accursed: iwyrged, fege, fordemed, fordon, forhwierfed, (ge)nil>rad, wearg 659

16.01.06 A god (of any faith) ..Damned from old times: ealdwerig°P .EYil one: fl!cna ..EYil, wicked: gemlh, minful Jalse.beaJ1cd: werJ!as0 P M(Of devils) skilled In maslc: scin(n)crzftig

16.01.06 A aocl (of any faith): god, miht .A heathen deity, &lw aocl: gield, d&>fol, gedwolgod, w0bgod0 P .A pcldess: gyden •The aods abo.e: iipgodu0 11 See 16.02 01.06.01.01.0l ldol 16.01.06.01 Nortbem aods: 65, tir, tfw, IJOr, J>unor, w~land, wOden 16.01.06.02 Claalcal Sods: .Man: feohtegod0 , tiw .Mercury: wOden .Jupiter: J>unor .5cytla: ~hund°ll .A Fury: waelcyrige, waelkyrging, wylfen•, (ge)wyrd The Furies: wuhhunge .Vesta: gyrlgyden°11 Vestal: gydenlicll M

M

16.02 Reilgioa: 16.02.01 Faith: ew, ewfaestnes, (ge)IWa .Faithfulness: getr!owfulnesll .A believer: aeftergenga, (ge)l~I. (ge)IWsum ..A.I 'vessel'/dwelling place of God: fact, fetels .Believing, devout, falthlal: ewfaestlic, (ge)l~l. gelrefed, getr!owful .Devoutly, In a religious manner: ewfaestlrce .SO u to produce belief: to geleafsuman .To bold belief, be devout: gelrefan .To wrve God, follow a religious life: hrersumian See 06.01.07.06 Belief 16.02.01.01 Creed, statement of faith: mda, gelWa .Doctrine: godes lagu, llr, teeing ..Holy doctrine: hiligdom .Doctrinal: godcund, llrlic 660

16.02.01.06.0 I Belief/practice of hcalhcn people 16.02.01.02 Commanlon, fellowship: gctdnscipc, gemlna, (ge)~n 16.02.01.03 Unbelief, want of belief: geleaftwnes0 , geleaftwt/geleaftyst, ungetreowncs .An unbeliever: ungelaafful, ungeleafsum, ungelifed, ungelifend .Unbellevtna, without falth: (ge)leaftw, (ge)tr&>wlw, ungeleafful, ungeleafsum, ungelrfe(n)d, un(ge)tr&>we See 06.01.07.06.02 Unbelief 16.02.01.04 Ortbodo:sy: rihtge1Cafa0 , rihtgelaaffulncs0 .Orthodox, holding ript/true bellef: geleafful, riht, rihthycgende0 P, rihtgelcafful, rihtgelyfed, riht(ge)lyfende, rihtwuldriende0 , wuldorlic .Unlvenal, catbollc: inlic, callic, callgeleaftic0 , geleaftic, gem&ne .In an orthodox manner, eccordlna to rule: rihtgeleaftfceoS, rihtlice 16.02.01.05Hermy,et1or, wroag bellef: (ge)dwild, gedwildzfterfylgungq, gedwola, gedwolsprec0 , scinnlic, tr&>wleasncs .A Md, scbism: zfterfylgung°g, tC>slitnesg .A heretic: gedwildman, (ge)dwola, (ge)dwolmann, cretic, toslitcreog ..A church persecutor: cirichala .Heretical: (ge)dwzlli~. (ge)dwol, dwoliende, dwoligendlic0 , (ge)dwollic, sliten, wiJ>erweard .Arian: arrianisc See 06.01.07.05 Error 16.02.01.06 Papmsm, a false nllsion: ~J>ennes, idelnes, ungelbfsumncs .Condition of belna heathen: h!!t>enscipc .Place/people where pegaama prevails: h~t>endom, het>ennes .Piece/time of paganism: hzt>enscipc .A pagan: deofolgilda, hzt>ena. ~t>engilda ..A heathen people: het>enfolc ..A heathen kina: rutt>encyning°P .Papa, heathenish: ~t>en. ~t>enisc, hearglic0 g 16.02.01.06.01 Belief/practice of heathen people: .Rite/practice of heathen nllglon: godgield -Harbour festival: hy~gild' ..Festival of Flora: blostmfreols', blostmgildoS .Bacon as offering: offrungspic0 .Adoration of human belnp: manweorJ>ung° •Wonhlp of stones: stinwur~ung 0

661

h~t>endom, hzt>enscipc

16.02.01.06.01.01 Pagan worship, idolatrous practice(s) .Tree wonblp: treowweort>ung° .Burial mound: hll!w .(Of heathen deity) sacred: godcund .(Of heathen deity) not endowed with life: lffieas

See 16.02.04.12 Sacrifice 16.02.01.06.01.01 P.pn wonblp, idolatrous practice(s): deofolgield, deofolscipe0 , fCondgyld, hZ)>engield, he)>enscipe, idelgield, wigle«, wigweort>ungP .Of heathen/idol wonhlp: godgildlic0 S 16.02.01.06.01.01.01 An lma1e, Idol: anlicnes, cumboJP, deofolgield, fCondgyld, gield, god, godgicld, he)>engield, he)>enweoh0 P, hearg, idol, scuccgyJd°P, stin, stoc, wiggild, win .A araven im•1e: grzft, grzftgeweorc .An ima1e of stone: stin .Household gods: cofgodasS .Golden calf of Israelites: ~)>enstyrc P .Abomination: slij>nes0 S .A maker of idols: wigsmit>P See 16.0l.06A god 0

16.02.01.07 Apo8tllsy: fteamlutoS, fn!tgenge«, onwcgicyr(rcd)nes0 , wiJ>crsacungs, wi)>ersaec .An apostate: andsaca., apostata, ftiema, hindergcnga', wiJ>crsaca .That b apostate: zswic, ifticged, iworpen, unstedefuJoS .To be apostate: l!swician, framgewi"lan, wiJ>crsacian 16.02.01.08 Scripture, the scriptures: bibliot>Cce. fymgewritP, godes bOc, hilig gcwrit, seo hilge gescgen, (gc)writ, gewritu .A testament: l!gecYl>nes0 , (gc)cyl>nes See 16.02.05.10.05 Bible 16.02.01.08.01 The Old Testament: seo ealdc egesetnes, seo ealde lagu, seo hundseofontigc gcfadung •The law of Moses (in the Old Testament): godes lagu, lagu, moyses lagu, seo ealde lagu ..A teacher of the law: zll!rend0 P, l!Jireow ..The Ten Commandments: tien bcbodu, l>i bcbodu, woruldriht ..A tablet of the law: zcin°S 662

16.02.01.08.03.01 New Testament persons

16.02.01.08.01.01 Boob of tbe Old Teftameat: .The Pentatmcb: fifbec' .Genesis: cn~shOc°S , gecyndbOc, genesis .Esodus: exodus .Lniticus: leuiticus, J>CnungbOc .Deuteronomy: a:ftent0 , deuteronomium, seo a:ftere Ii •The book of psalms: saltere, sealnw ..A set of ftfty psalms: tiftig ..A JIMlm: dryhtleo1>0 P, hearpsang°S, sang, sealm, sealmcwide0 S, sealmleo)>S,

sealmlofs, sealmsang -Of David: dauidisc, dauidlicS, dauitic° .Pro•eabs: bigspellb0c0 , cwidbOc ,Song of Solomon: brjdlic gewrit

16.02.01.08.02 Apocrypha: dyrngewrit°S, tweondlic gewrit 16.02.01.08.03 The New Testall'alt: seo niwe I!, seo niwe gewitnes .The Gospels: cristes I!, cristes bOc, godspel, godspellbOc ..A ,ospe1: cristes bOc, godspel -The passion (narntive): passion ..A parable: bispell, lirbysnoS -Of the Gospel, contained in New Testament: godspellic, godspellisc0 S -The Gospel message: godspel, word .An epistle-book, epistolary: pistelari0 , pistolbOc ..An epistle: oferwritS, pistol .Book of Revelation: iwrigene bOc ..Judgement day, last judgement: d6mdzg, domes da:g, eftwyni0 P, gemot, se hearda da:g, se nutsta da:g, se micla da:g, l>rymdom0 -Of judgement day: d6misc 16.02.01.08.03.01 New Testament persom: .A dkdple: discipul, Jeomingcniht .An apostle: apostol, postol ..The twelve apostles: l>l twelfan apostolas -The chief apostle (Le. Peter): ealdorapostol, ealdorJ>egn -One of the four evangelists: euangelistaq, godspellere ..A fellow apostle: efenapostol ..Ofllce of an apostle: apostolhld •.Apostolic: apostolic .Jobn the Baptist: fulwibtere, fulwihtwer 0 663

16.02.01.08.04 Jewish seasons/feuts .St John tbe Divine: dryhtwurpa

16.02.01.08.04 Jewish seuomlfeuts: .Paruceve (day of preparation): ~g gearwunga, (ge)gearcungdeg, gearwungdegl .sabbath: hiligdeg, (ge)reste(n~g. sabbatg, sunnandzg, symbel~g .8uccoth, feast of Tabernacles: geteldwurt>ung0 g, getimberhilgungog .Passover: andbeonnaq, andbitag, easterdeg, easterfreot•g0 , eastertid, eastre, fereld, offringdagu0 g, se easterlica freol•g. J>eorfdagu0 ..Feast ofthe Passover: eastersymbel0 g, easterpcnung°, fereldfreols0 , J>eorfsymbel 0 ...Show-bread: hllfu forsetne, hllfu getemeseda, hlif forpsetenisse, offringhllf tbe Pwover: easterlic

"°'

16.02.01.08.05 One of tbe church fathen: feder, fort>feder, heahfa:der 16.02.01.09 The law: at, lagu .God's law: godes lagu "(Of God's law) perfect: unforgripendlic0 g, ungripendlic0 g ..Christ's law: cristene lagu, cristes lagu ..A true mllng, statute of God's law: s0t>cwide 16.02.01.09.01 Canon law: preostlagu0 .A canonical prescription/rule: canon, canondom, line, preostregol, gerzdnes, regol, geriht ..A primary ordinance: frumrad0 ..A decree of a synod: sinol>dom0 P .Canonical, regular: canonicO, canoniclic0 , preostlic, regollic, riht, rihtgeset, gesettendlic0 g .Acconllng to the rule, replarly: godcundlrce, regollice 16.02.01.09.02 Knowledge of Jewish law: ecrzftP .La.a oed lo tbe law: atcrzftig, atgleaw .someone featoed lo Jewish law: l!cn£ftiga, ltg}caW, ZWita0 P, rabbi, WTI°lCrC ..A Pharisee: aelirCOw, ealdewita, sundorhilga ..A Sadducee: rihtwisend° 16.02.01.10 Holiness: hiligdom, hilignes .A holy thing, something held sacred: hiligdom .A ballowln&, holding lo honour as holy: hilgung 664

16.02.01.11 Firmness in the law, piety, devoutness .Cbaracterbed by holiness, blessed: gebletsod, gisthiligP, (gc)bilgod. bilig, (gc)dlig ..Equally holy: cfcnbilig0 "Very holy: call bilig, l>urhbilig .or1odly characterllife: hilig .Unpolluted by sin: unwidlod°' ..Not in subjection to sin, free: frCo Jn a holy manner: hiliglice .To honour as holy, reverence: (gc)blctsian, (gc)hilgian .To make holy, sanctify, purify: (gc)hilgian

16.02.01.10.01 Unholy: unhiilig' 16.02.01.10.02 Comecration: (gc)blctsung, calhiilgung0 ' , (gc)hilgung, . scgnung .or a church: cirichiilgung, ciri~rsung°, templhilgung .or salt: scalthilgung0 ' .or water: weterhilgung°' .or chrism: crismhilgung0 .someone performing conwcnation: hf:lgere', (gc)hilgigcnd .To conwcrate, dedicate, ofter: (ge)blctsian, (ge)frwlsian, gode (ge)sellan, (ge)bilgian, (gc)scgnian 16.02.01.10.02.01 A blessing, invocation of divine favour: (gc)bletsung, (ge)bilgung .A laying-on of bands (by bishop): onisctcdnes0 ' , onset(e)nes .Marriage blessing: brydblctsung .Blessing of bread (on Lammas-day): hlifslnung° .Blessed, con.cecrated: gcblctsod, hilig .Blessed, happy: Cad, Cadhr!l>igP, !&dig, Cadiglic, ges&lig "Laureate, blessed: ftorisc0 ' .Blessedly: !adiglicc .To bless, invoke divine favour upon: (gc)blctsian, geCadigan', (ge)hilgian 16.02.01.10.02.02 Not blessed, uncomecrated: fill, ungeblctsod, un(ge)bilgod, ungcslnod0 16.02.01.11 Firmness in the law, piety, devoutness: ~wfestncs, arfestncs, estfulncs, wilsumnes, wynsumnes .someone characterized by piety: godes beam, godcs frCond 665

16.02.01.11.01 Pretence of goodness or piety

.Devout, pious, religious: ttfremmende0 P, a!wfaest, irfaest, irfaestlic, cristen, estful, estig, estlic, gOd, godcund, godcundlic, godfyrbt, hilig, hold .Very faithful: untrfwe0 .In a plom way, dnotedly, dnoutly: irfaestlice, Cstfullice, bolde, holdlice, wilsumlice 16.02.01.11.01 Pretence of goodness or piety: biwung See 06.01.07.04.04.02.01 Hypocrisy 16.02.01.11.02 Impiety, lack of piety: bismernes, godscyld0 P, godwrecnes, unmiltsungO .An impious man: deofles beam, ~)>en, lahbrcca0 g .Impious, law-brakina: a!bn!ce, &fyllende0 P, iirleas, godscyldig0 P, godwncc, hlt)>en, lahbrecende0 S, unribtwrs .Impiously: lrleaslfce, unltwfaestlice0 , unribtlrce 16.02.01.12 Spirituality: gistedom0 .Contemplation of thlnp above: iipgemynd0 P .A godlike person: god .A spiritual mystery: gistgeryneP .That which produces spiritual well-being: hzl(u) .Spiritual, godly: gistbriicende0 , gistcund, gistlic, godcund, godcundlic, siwolcund0 P ..Spiritually vital: liftic .Conducive to spiritual health, salutary: hilwende, hilwendlic .S.ved from spiritual danger: (ge)hil, gelt1'faested .Spiritually (not carnally): gistlice .(Of spiritual health) saiutarily: hllwendlfce .Spiritual renewal, regeneration: (ge)edsta)>elung, eftniwungg ..Spiritually renewed: ednfwe .Spiritual food, refection, refreshment: fOda, hlif, gereordnes, gereordung •What is beneficial for the soul: siwol)>earf .To renew, regenerate: geedcennan, geedhyrtan, geednfwian, (ge)innfwian .To awaken, quicken, revive: icwician, iwaecn(i)an, (ge)cwician, (ge)liffzstan, geliffzstnian°g .To aeflesb spiritually: gehleowan, geli}>ewZc8D, gereordan, get>&nan •To take refreshment: gereordan .To restore to well-being: geedsta)>elian •To encourap, animate: gehiertan .To recover (oaaelf) from grief, fear, etc.: gehiertan 666

16.02.01.12.06 Unfaithfulness, undutifulness .To be nlsed, to stand upright: bi!on/wesan iipirebte .To grow,8oarisb (splritn•lly): growan, (ge)l>Con .To escape spiritual death: gelibban · See 08.01.02.02.04 love, caritas; 11.12.02.01 Strengthening, sustenance 16.02.01.12.01 Revelation, Wumlr•tlon, inspiration: ztjw(ed)nes, ztywung&, beorhtu, godgespn!ce, inlihtnes, onbliiwnes0 , onbryrdnes, onlihting, onlihtnes, on(ge)wrig(en)nes, wuldorword0 P .Revelatlonal, mystic(al): (ge)ryn(e)lie .Mystically: (ge)ryn(e)lfce .To reveal: onwreon 16.02.01.12.01.0I Prophecy: wnegung .A book containing prophecies: wi~gungbOc .A prophet: boda, wnega .A prophetess: wnege, wnegestre .To prophesy: bodian, (ge)wrtegian See 06.01.08.04.01Premonition;16.01.04.06.04 Divine speech 16.02.01.12.02 Grace: Ir, gastgifu0 S, gifu, godes est. godes gifu 16.02.01.12.03 Righteousness: rihtwisnes .A righteous person: domfzst. rihtwrs, 50l>fzst .Righteous, just: dOmfzst. rihtwis, sOl>fzst See 12.08.02.02 Righteousness 16.02.01.12.04 A cardinal virtue: heafodmzgen .One of three tbeologk:al virtues: heahmzgen -Charity: siblufu, s01>lufu 16.02.01.12.0S The world (I.e. unsplrituality, worldliness): woruld •Worldly thought: woruldgeJ>Oht° •Worldly, secular, profane: ftitsclic, giemeleas, hitl>en, woruldcund, woruldlic .In a worldly manner: gfemeleaslfce, woruldcundlice, woruldlice 16.02.01.12.06 Unfalthlulness, undutlfulneas: .To neaiect, be careless of: gfemeleasian° 667

gel~east,

ungetreownes

16.02.01.13 Evil-doing, ttansgression, sin 16.02.01.13 Evil-doing, transgrellion, sin: forlComes°i, forwyrht. gylting8,

ru-psynn°P, ofergatgednes, oferleomesi, scyld, syngung, synn, unlatttu0 , unmatl>0 .A fault, sin, trespaat l!gylt', l!gylting', deofolgitsungq, tacen, ficcndatd0 P, firen, firenbealu0 P, fircnd&d, gnymP, gylt, llllst0 , lcahtor, syndatd, synlcahtor0 , unweod, yfeldatd .A sinner: igyltend, minsceal>aP, mingewyrhta0 P, minwyrbtaP, synnfull, synnigend, wilJcrcora .Sinful, evil: firenfremmcnde0 P, firenful, firengeom 0 P, firensynnig0 P, firenwyrcendeP, forsyngod, gyltlic, latne, synfib0 P, synlic, synnful, synnig, synscyldig°P, synwyrcendeP, wamwyrcende0 P ..Very sinful: heahsunneoS .Desire to sin, sinful impulse: synnlust, synnts0 ..The flesh (as tending to sin): flzschama, lie ..Band that does evil: minfolm0 P .Burden of sin: synbyrl>cn .Foulness of sin: synriist°P .Bond or snare of sin: synbend, syngrin .A period of sin: unrihttid .To sin (agahut): Asyngian°i, (ge)firenian, firenticnian°i , (ge)scyldigian, (ge)syngian (wil>) See 12.08.fJ6.02.05 Misdeed; 14.02.01 Offence 16.02.01.13.01 Kinds of sin: .Flrst sin, original sin: frumdysig°, frumscyld0 P .Capital sin: firenlcahter 0 , firensynn°P, grimminq, heafodgilt, hCafodlcahter,

heafodsynn°,heahsynn,morp,mofl>or .(Of sin) capital, deadly, mortal: fryml>lic, heafodlic .Unconfessed: unandett .Unamended: unbeted0 P, ungebet(ed) ..Unatoned for, unsettled: un(ge)l>ingod .Inexpiable, unpardonable: unfeormigende0 , unmiltsigendlic, unonlysendlic0 , untolysendlic0 .Venial: leohtlic, medmicel, miltsigendlicq .(Of sin) 'Sodomish': sodomise, sodomitisc .Simony: ciricmangung 16.02.01.13.02 Evil, reprobate, damned: forden, fordon, forloren,

un(ge)coren, ungecost0 , wil>coren, wilJcrcoren See 07.03 Evil; 12.08.06.02 Wickedness 668

16.02.03.02.01 A high priest, chief bishop, etc. (general) 16.02.02 Christianity, the Christian faith: cristendom, cristenncs, (ge)leafa .The Christian (not Mosaic) dispensation: godspel .A Christian: cristen, cristenmann ..As memberofchurcbltbe 'body of Christ': Jim ..A fellow-Christian, co-reUgionist: gebrol>r, efencristen ..Condition of being a Christian: cristendom .Following Christianity, Christian: cristen, cristenlic, cristlic0 , geleafful ..In church fellowship, not excommunicated: unimansumod .In accordance with Christian faith: geleaffullfce, gel~ice .NotChristian:uncristen° 16.02.03 The church (as temporaVspiritual body): cirice, (ge)laJ>ung, gesamnung, sigelat>ung°g .Membership of a Christian COlll"aation: ciricgemina0 , cristendom .A conpegation, a chun:b: ciricwaru0 , (ge)laJ>ung ..The cbun:b in England: angelcyrice0 •Time/place where Christianity preqj)s: cristendom .A pre-Cbristla.n COlllftllltion: cirice 16.02.03.01 Ecclesiastical authority: lir!owdom .Eccleslastical: ciriclic, gad .A synod, ecclesiastical coundl: gemat, sino~ ..A bishops' synod: bisceopseono~ ..Meeting place or a synod: sino~tow ..Synodical, synodal: syno~lic .A chapter: capitol ..A member of a chapter: canonic 0

16.02.03.02 A cleric, dft'IYllUlD (general): ciricend0 g, cleric, clericmann°, get!ra, godcs l>egn, godcs t>&>w, gehidod, preost .Condition of a (sualar) derk: clerichid ..5ec:ular (not 'regular'): folcisc 16.02.03.02.01 A hip priat, chief bishop, etc. (&enenl): bisceop, bisceopealdor, ealdormann, ealdorsicerd, forebiscopog, heafodbiscop0 , h!ahbiscop, hcahsacerd, hliford .Hip priesthood: heahsacerdhidq .Chief priest (non-Christian): bisceop, ealdorbiscop, ~biscop ..A patriarch (Old Testament): hbbfeder .Hip priestly llnnp: bisceopcynn 669

16.02.03.02.02 The pope 16.02.03.02.02 Tbe pope: ealdorbiscop, plpa .Ofllce or pope: plpan hid, pipdom, )>one micclan hid .Papal see: pipseld/pipsetl .Papal throne: plpseld 16.02.03.02.03 A cardinal: cardinal0 16.02.03.02.04 An archbishop: arcebiscop, ealdorbiscop, heahbiscop .Oftlcoe or ardabishop: arcebiscopdom, arcebiscophid, arcebiscoprrce, 0 0 arcehid ' arcerice .see or archbishop: arcebiscopsto1°' arcestol 16.02.03.02.05 A bishop: bisceop, cristes scirgerefa, scirbisceop .OfBco'mJnistry or bishop: bisceopdom, bisceopfolgol>O, bisceophid, bisceophidl>egnung°, bisccopscir, bisceopl>egnung, healdnes .A bishopric, see: bisceopdom, bisceoprice, bisceopscir, bisceopseld, rice, scir, sell, stol ..A bishop's palace: bisceopstol .Epilcopal, characteristic of a bishop: bisceoplic Jn tbe manner of a bishop: bisceoplices .A bishop's entourage: bisceoplured, bisceopweorod0 ..A bishop's servant: bisceopes l>egn .A fellow bishop: efenbisceop .A heretical bishop: gedwolbiscop .A sufftilpn bishop: leodbisceop, underj>eod .A metropolitan: burhbiscop0 16.02.03.02.06 An archcleacon: arcediacon, heabdiacon 16.02.03.02.07 A priest, deric: ewewcardS, ciricl>ingerc°', cl~nserc , clerusq, preost, sicerd, l>ingere .A director, minister, pastor: folctogaP, hierde, hliford, lareow, reccere .The dergy, a body of clergy: hid. heap, geleaffulle, preostheap .An ecclesiastical community: geierscipe, preosthired, preostgesamnung° .OfBc:e of priest, ministry: hidnotu0 , preostbid, sicerdhid .A charge, mre of souls: carfulness .Priestly: sicerdlic .Bdltdng a priest: sicerdgerisne0 .Putonl: hierdelic •Without a priest, pastorlea: hierdelw

0

670

16.02.03.03 A religious 16.02.03.02.07.01 A priest of a duuda or mlptter. ciricl>egn, mynsterpreost .A fellow priest: efe1111U1essqriost. efensicerd0 .A heathen priest: dymmaga°', herigweard°P, messqriost, slcerd .A priesteulvestal virgin: nunne, sicerd .A priest wbo celebrates ma•~ hiredpr&>st. uutssqriost. Dlllessete, Dlllessel>egn°, pt"Wst, w&>fodl>egn ..Olllce of a man-priest: Dlllessepreostbid ..District of a mass-priest: m&ssepr&>stscrr 0 , pr&>stscir 0 .A Dll!ipbouriq priest: Df.abfcderO .A vD•aae priest: tiinpr&>st° 16.02.03.02.08 A (domestic:) cbapl•ln: capellan, bandpr&>st. bircdpr!ost, pr!ost 16.02.03.02.09 A confeaor: clensere, scrift. woruldscriftO .Diltrict of a confc110r: ribtscriftscfr, scriftscfr 16.02.03.02.10 A preacher, teacher: ebodaOJ>, bodere', bodiend, bydel, ~JbodaOJ>, godspellere, liRow, pr&licere0 See 06.01.06.02.03.04.02 TeacMr 16.02.03.02.11 A cleMoa. minister of tbe duuda: dracon, pisto~ ,()flitthniniata) of deacon: decanhid°I, draconbld, draconl>&tung° .A mbdeacon: subdiacon, underdracon 16.02.03.02.12 Cleric ID mlDM ot dea 1: cleric .Minor (below sabdea.con): gem.enc .An acolyte: lcolitus, candelboraq, biisell>egn, taporberendg .A lector or reader: ntderc .An aorclst: exorcista. hllsigend/healsigend .A warden, llatoD: ciricweard, m&slere0 16.02.03.02.13 A church siqer, siqer ID cbolr: ciricsangere0 , midsingend°I, sangere .A chief siqer, precentor: cantere, foresingendg, beahsangere0 , magister ciriclices sanges ..Deputy t•ecentor: eftersingend°I .A cbolr: chor See 18.02.07.01 Singer 16.02.03.03 A reUpoas: gd>lda, munuc, mynstermann

671

16.02.03.03.01 Religious superiors .A community, memben of a rellgioas bouw: cirice, gef&e, (ge)f&n!den, hired, hiwan, hiwn!den, inhiwan ..A community for women: wit'hrred° -Control/management of a community: mynsterscir0 .Rule followed by a community: hrersumnes, munucregol, munucJ>Caw 0 ,

regollagu0 , rihtregol ..A dildpllnary regulation, dfadpline: J>Codscipe ..A monastic vow: munucbehit ..An order observing a particular rule: munucregol ..Rule governing a particular order: regol, regol);>bw 0 , rihtgesetednes ..A breach of a rule: regolbryce0 ..Replar, stJid: regolf~st°P, regollic .A member of a particular community: hidesmann •Tbe monastic staW/way of life: munuchid, munuclif, mynsterlrf, regollif ..Canonical life: canoniclifO ..Entrance/admi&cion to monastic life: gecierrednes -Custom/manner or a rellgiom home: mynstert>Uw 0 ' mynsterwise0 ..8ervice, appointed work: hienumnes, mynsterl>egnung° .Moaastic: munuclic, mynsterlic .Monastically: munuclice, mynsterlice, on munucwisan ..As part of religious bousebold: hiwisclice0 •To lead a monastic life: folgian, munuclif d6n/ledan .A perwutor of monasteries: mynsterhata0

16.02.03.03.01 ReUpous saperlon: 16.02.03.03.01.01 An abbot: abbod, beahf~. heahhyrde0 &, mynsterfaeder 0 .A former abbot: g&>abbod° .OIBce or rule of an abbot: abbodd6m, abbodhid, abbodrice .Lack or an abbot: abbodlwt°

.

16.02.03.03.01.02 An abbess: abbodesse, domne, ealdre, blzfdige, m6dor 16.02.03.03.01.03 A prior: ealdor, mynsterprafost°, prafost, prior, regolweard .Order or rank of provost: prafostfolgol>0 , prafostscrr 16.02.03.03.01.04 A d"D (In cbarp of ten religious): decan, t&>l>ingealdor 16.02.03.03.02 A monk: brol>of, munuc, mynstermann, mynstermunuc, t>&>w(a) .A fellow monk: gehida

672

16.02.04 Worship, honour, praise .A monk subject to his own rules: selfd!ma, selfdemere ..That Is self·ndins: selfdemendeq .A good monk: rihtmunuc .A young monk: munuccnapa .Tide of senior monk: domne, non .Brethren, a company of monks: gebrol>ru, munuchcap0 ..Membenbip of a brotberbood: brol>orlicnes, brot>orreden 16.02.03.03.02.01 Mon•stic functionarles: .Monk/priest assigned a task for a week: wucl>egn ..Task for a week: wuct>Cnung .Reader at mealtimes: metridere0 .Apportioner of food: twiccere8 .Keeper of •estmentl: hr&gll>egn°', hr&glweard°' 16.02.03.03.03 A nun: munuc, mynecen(u), mynsterfi!mne0 , nunf/!mne, nunne, sweostor .Condition/state of a nun: nunlifO 16.02.03.03.04 A solitary (anchorite, hermit): inbiiend0 P, incor(e)f"ancra, incorsetla, insetla, instandende, instonde0 1. westensetla .solitary life, life as a recluse: enetlif', incorirf, inwunung°, inbetynednes0 , sundorlif0 .Eremitic, anchorite: Ancorlic°', weste(r)nlicl 16.02.03.03.05 A laymen: ceorl, li!wede, li!wedmann°, woruldmann .As member of a parish: hreremanlhreringmann, mann .Tbe people: folc, heord, sceap .8ecular state, lay conclitioa: woruldhid, woruldlif .Temporal, secular, lay: hWI1en, hwil(w)endlic, lewede, woruldcund, woruldlic 16.02.04 Wonhip, honour, praise: ilrweort>ung', begang, begangol', bigeng(e), bletsung, greting, herung, lof, lofherung°', lofung, ongang, weort>ung, wuldor .Loud praise: stefne lof .Zealous praise: neodlofOP .Abundance/gt eabaess of pnhe: lofm&gen°P .A wonhipper: gebedmann, gebiddend, bigenga, bfgengere, bigengestrel, bydla', weorl>ere', wiort>egend ..Wonhipper bonourlns the cross: rodbigengat!, rodwurt>iend°I

673

16.02.04.01 Shared worship .That praises, liYina praip: lofberel ..Fervent in living praise: domhwet°P .To praise, extol, glorify: iherian, intran, (ge)Arweorpian, lwuldrian&, iwundrians, begin, begangan, (ge)beorhtnianS, gebiddan, (ge)bletsian, (ge)blissian (be/for/ofer/on), bodian, (gc)breman, deman, domianP, (ge)Cadmed(i)an, gifian, healdan, hbn, hebban, (ge)herian, lofberan, lof hebban, (ge)lofian, lofhtcan°S, lof reccan and ntran, lof wyrcan, (ge)miclian, oferblissianS, tobZdan, toweorl>ianS, (ge)weort>ian, (ge)widmers(i)an, (ge)wuldrian, gewundorl~°'. (ge)wundrian, ymblofian°' .To be praised: Agan lof See 07.04.04 Praise; 07.08.03 Honour

16.02.04.01 Shared wonbip: efcnhereness, samodhering& .Enpged in wonbipping together: samodherigendlic0 S •To wonbiplpve praise together. cfenherianS, samodberianS 16.02.04.02 'l'banksgiving, praise: andetnes .To oft'er thanks: (ge)andettan, lufull>ancas gereccan See 08.01.02.04.02 Gratitude 16.02.04.03 Ritual, rite, IUVice: gield, godcundnes, hilignes, J>Caw, J>Cnisc0 , weort>ung, gewuna .8errices of the church year: g!art>Cnunga0 16.02.04.03.01 A rite, cenmony: ~. ciricnytt0 P, ciricJ>Cnung, endebyrdnes, hilig, geriht(e), geryne, sidu, t>Caw, t>Cnung, t>Cowdom .Ministration at the altar: weofodJ>Cnung° .solemn, ritual: symbellic .Ceremoniously, solemnly, ritually: symbellice, gewunelice .To perform/celebrate a rite: (ge)breman, (ge)mersian, t>Cowian, weort>ian 16.02.04.03.02 Parts of service: .The kyrie eleilon: cyrriol 0 , hilsung .The gloria: gloria .The litany: letania .A reading, lesson, lection: geles, ntdc, ntding, l>urhtogcnness, wordmittung0 S, wordsomnung0 S, ymbcahtS ..The reading before compline: efencollatio0 efcnreding& .The venide: fers .The response: reps, respons0 t

674

16.02.04.03.03.02 A psalm •Tbe epistle: pistolreding .Tbe sradaal: gral>ul°' .Tbe alleluia: alleluia .Tbe gospel: godspcl .A homily: cwidc, folclir, godspclltraht. lir, lirspcll, spell, wordpredicung0 •Tbe creed: cr&ia, m&ssccreda ..Nicene: nic!nisc0 .A collect: collecta, samnungcwidc0 S .Amen: imcn .(Kiss of) peace: coss, fri)>u, sibbecos, siblic COSS

16.02.04.03.03 Singing, church singing: ciricsang, sang .That slap, praising in song: lofsingcndc, ymncnsingcndc0 .To recite, repeat, sing: (gc)singan •To pndte Goel in music, celebrate, rejoice: (gc)dreman, scalmianS, scalrnJofian°S, (gc)singan, (gc)wcoipian See 18.02.07.01 Singing 16.02.04.03.03.01 A hymn, song of prahe\ amtlde: cantic, canticsang°', ciricsang, lof, lofsang, scalm, ymcn, ymcnsang .An anthem or antiphon: antcfn, capitol .A benedictional amticle: bcncdicitc, blctsingsealm0 .A hymn at meal-time: beodfcrs .An offertory hymn: licsang°S, offcrenda, offringsang •Thanksgiving: tc dcum .MapUlcat: magnificat See 02.02.05.03 FUMral song; 12.09.02 Wedding song 16.02.04.03.03.02 A psalm: drybtleo1>0 P, bcarpsang°S, sang, scalm, scalmcwidc0 S, scalrnleol>' , scalrnJofS, scalmsang .Psalm•: scalmas .A portion of the psalter: scalmgc~l .A commentary on the psalms: scalmtraht0 .A eucbaristic psalm: communia .A joyous psalm: wynpsaltcrium0 P .A psalm containing a prayer: gcbcdscalm .Lau& (psalms 148-150): lofscalm, lofu •Tbe making and reciting of psalms: scalmglig', scalmsang .Psalm-singing, pealmody: scalmsang, scalmsangma!rsung° •Tbe psalmist: scalmsangcre0 , scalmscop, scalmwyrhta 0

675

16.02.04.04 Liturgical year •To sing psalms: salletan°P, sealmianS, sealmlofianoS

16.02.04.04 Liturgical year:

See 05.11.03/f Period oftime 16.02.04.04.01 The day or rat, sabbath: hiligda:g, sunnanda:g, symbelda:g .Work done on: unrihtweorc, untidweorc 16.02.04.04.02 A feast-day, holy day: bebodda:g°, f'reols, f'reolsda:g, f'reolstrd, hCahtrd, m&sse, Dl&ssed&g, gercordda:g°, symbel, symbelda:g, symbelnes, symbeltid, weort>ungda:g .Festival days, days for ceremony: gilddagu0 s .A high feast-day: heahfreols0 , h&hf'reolsda:g°, h&hfreolstid0 , heahma:ssed&g0 , heahtid .A day of commemontion: gemyndda:g _Of a martyr: t>rowung, l>rOwungda:g°, t>rowungtid .A festival day, day of patronqe: irda:g°S, weofi>ungda:g -A jubilee year: freolsgwoS -A year of rest from work: restengW- 0 .A time or celebntion/glori8catioa: 012rsungtrma0 .Eve of a holy day: freol~fen°, freolsniht0 , m&~fen, ma:sseniht .Festive, or a feast-day: freols, freolslic, gildlicq, symbel, symbellic -Of a festival month: symbelmOnal>licoS .In a llUUlDel" proper to a feast-day: freolice, f'reolsllce .Celebntion, observance, commemontion: begangnes, da:gweort>ung0 P, freolsung, gehealden, gehealdsumnes, m2rsung -Failure to observe a feast: freolsbryce .To celebnte, keep, observe: cepan, (gc)freolsian, fril>ian, (ge)hilgian, (gc)healdan, (gc)~rsian, (gc)weofi>ian, (gc)wyrcan See 04.01.02.04.02 Feast; 05.11.02.01.02 Celebration; 18.02.01 Festival 16.02.04.04.02.01 Christian festivals: 16.02.04.04.02.01.01 Around the Nativity: .Advent: aducnt°, t0cymc .Christmas, the Nativity: cristesDl&sse, geol, geolda:g, midwinter, symbelcennesS -Christmas season: middcwintrcs lid .Holy innocents' day, Cblldermas: cildama:sseda:g 676

16.02.04.04.02.01.03 Holy Week .Eve of Epiphanyfl'welfth night: twelfta l!fen, twelfta mesdfen, twelfte niht .Epipbanyfl'welfth day: ctywnes, ctjwung', balJ>dcg0 &, fulwihttid &:es drihtnes. (ge)sweotolungdcg, twelfta dcg .Candlemas eve: candelmcsseltfen° .Candlan•: c:andelmcsse, candelmcsscdcg, cyricgang, cristes/drihtnes gebyrdtid 16.02.04.04.02.01.02 Lent: eallencten°, easterfcsten, len(c)ten,

lenctenfcsten, lenctentfd, lenctentima .Ash WedDesday: hWod lenctenes fcstenes .A day in Lent: lenctendzg .A week in Lent: lenctenwucu ..In which cheese is allowed: cyswucu .Lenten fast-week: fcstenwucu .Fint Sunday in Lent: ealda hilga dcg, hilga deg, len(c)ten .Annunciation: bodungdcg° .Mid-Lent: midfzsten, midlencten .A penitential H8'°n: behreowsungtid .Lenten: fcstenlic0 11, leowertigfeald, leowertiglic, lenctenlic 16.02.04.04.02.01.03 Holy Week: palmwucu .Palm Sunday: palmdcg°, palmsunnandcg ..To deck with palm branches: gepalmtwigianP .Last three days of Holy Week: swigdagas ..Dawn of last three days of Holy Week: swigilhte0 -Last three nights of Holy Week: swfgenihte0 .Good Friday: langa frigedcg .Easter-eve, Saturday of Holy Week: easten!fen, eastemiht .Easter day: eastcrdzg, eastersunnandcg°, eastre, SC drihtcnlica easterdzg ..The fint Easter day: SC forma easterdzg .Fint week in Easter: easterwucu •.A day in Easter week: eastcrdcg -Second day, Easter Monday: oj:>er easterdcg .season of Easter: eastertid, eastrc

.Custom/practice during Easter: eastergewuna0 .Of Easter: easterlic .(Of days duriq Eastertime) to elapse: geeastrian .Rogation week, week before a~rion: gangwucu ..Rogation days, days in Rogation week: (ge)beddagas, bendagas0 , bentid0 P

677

16.02.04.04.02.01.04 Other fea.sts ..A day In Rogation week: gangdzg .A.lc:emion-dcle: iipistignes, ilpklignestid0 .Pmtttiost: tlftigdzg°', hwfta sunnand!eg, pentecosten

16.02.04.04.02.01.04 Other feasts: .Lammas/St Peter's Day: hlifm&ssan dzg, hliftnzsse, hlifmzssedzg°, petennzsse0 _L@mmu sea"Oll: hlifmzsselid0 .All Saints': ealra hilgena mzssedzg .St Andrew's Day: andrCas mzsse 16.02.04.04.02.02 A fast, act of fasting: fzsten .A time of fudnc: fzstentid, rihtfzstentid ..A week of fasting: fzstenwucu ..A day of fasting, fast-day: fzstendzg -.A day's fasting: dzgfzsten .An appointed or prescribed fut: ttwfzsten, gecwedfzstenq, fzsten, lirfzsten°, rihtfzsten° ..A duly-appointed fast day: rihtfzstendzg •The offering of a fut: licfzsten° .To fast, observe a fast: ifzstan, (ge)fzstan, fzsten heowan .Breach of fut: fzstenbryce ..Breach of Lenten fast: lenctenbryce0 .Notfudng:unfzstende . See 04.01.01.06.01 Abstinencefromfood

16.02.04.04.02.02.01 Ember-tide, Ember-days: ymbren, ymbrendagas .Duly appointed Ember days: rihtymbren°, rihtymbrendagas .An Ember day: ymbrendzg .Ember-week: ymbrenwucu0 .Fut at Ember-tide: ymbrenfzsten 16.02.04.05 Caaoulcal hour, service: ciriclid, dzgsang, domlic lid, lofsang, sealmsang, lid, lidsang, lidt>Cnung°, tfdwwpung°, t>Cnung .One lodicated by a bell: belllid°S 16.02.04.05.01 The hour or service of Nocturns: nocternS, iihtanlima0 , iihte 16.02.04.05.02 The hour or service of Matins: zftersang, dzgmlsang, morgengebedlid0 , iihtgebed, iihtsang, iihtpegnun(I .Matins on a feast-day: mzsseOhta 678

16.02.04.07.01 Baptism, baptizing (and anointing) .Matins on an ordinary day: weorcOhta .Matins on a Surulay: sunnaniihta .Matins in ofllce of tbe dead: dirige' .Of matins: zftersingallicoS, iihtlic, iihtsanglic0 1

16.02.04.05.03 The boar or service of Lands: herung, lofsang 16.02.04.05.04 The boar or service of Prime: prim, primsang )6.02.04.05.05 The boar or senice of Tierce: undem, undernsang, underntfd 16.02.04.05.06 The boar or service of Sat: midd!Eg, midd!Egsang 16.02.04.05.07 The boar or service of Nones: non, nonsang 16.02.04.05.08 The hour or service of Vespen, evemong: ltfen, atfengebed°', ltfendream0 , ltfenlof0 ' , l!fensang, l!fenlJegnung, l!fen)>eowdOmq 16.02.04.05.09 The bour or service of Compllne: forannihtsangq, gefyllingtfd°', nihtsang .Collation read before Compline: itfencollatio0 , ltfenn!ding' 16.02.04.06 Attendance at church, churdl-going: ciricgang, cirics0cn .Zealous in cburdl-going: ciricgeorn .Churcbwards, towards church: tO cyrcan went 16.02.04.07 A sacnment: hAligdOm, geryne .Of a sacrament: gerynelic See 12.09/f Marriage

16.02.04.07.01 Baptism, baptizing (and anointing): cristnung, fantbzl>. fulwiht, fulwihtbzt>. fulwihtwzter 0 .Christian baptism: cristennes .Immenion at baptism: gedryncnes0 , dyfing .Faith avowed through baptism: fulwihthid° .Time of baptism: fulwihttfd°P .Rite of baptism: fulluhtt>Caw 0 P, fulluhtlJegnung0 ..Consecration of baptismal water: fantbletsung0 , fanthilgung ..(Of water) consecrated in a font: fanthilig0 ..Rite paeceding baptism: cristnung

679

16.02.04.07.02 Confession

.Penon perfonnln1 baptism: baeu:rel, cristnerc0 , fulwerc, fulwibtere, fulwihtfaeder, fulwibtwer 0 .A catechumen, candidate for bapti•m: lirblystend', (ge)leafhlystendS .A spomor at baptism: borh, cumml!dre/cumendre, cumpzder, faeder, gefa:dera, forespreca, fulwibtbenaog, godfaeder, godm6dor, godsibb ..Pledae of sponsors: fo~ -Obligation of sponsonl1odparents: godsibbniden° -Godchild: godbearn -Godson: bisceopsunu, godsunu -Goddaughter: goddobtor ..Spiritual relatiomhip: sibb -Kinswoman in Christ: cristes m6dor .Baptized: gefullwod, gemearcod ..Not baptized: ha!J>en, ungecristnod°, unfullod, ungefulwod .To catechize, instnact in Christian rellpon: (ge)cristnian .To perform ritual preceding baptism: (ge)cristnian •To stand sponsor, act as godparent: onfOn set fulluhte .To baptize: iipwean, cristnian, gedypan, dyppan, gefulhtnian/(ge)fulwiht(i)an, (ge)fulwian, gefuntian°, (ge)pwean .To undergo/receive baptism: fulluht underf'On, fulwiht onfOn 16.02.04.07.02 Confession: (ge)andetnes, andettednes0 , scrift, scriftsp(r)ltc .A confession: scrift .Person maJdna confession, penitent: andetterc, dl!dbeta, datdbetend, dzdbetere0 .To make confession, confess: (ge)andettan, beon/wesan gescrifen, to scrifte giin .To bear confession and impose penance: iscn'"'fan°S, (ge)scrifan, unbindan .Without confession, unconfessed~ ungeandet See 09.06.02.01.04 Confession 16.02.04.07.02.01 Penitence: behreowsung, dl!dbOt, dl!db0tnes0 S, forJ>rltst(ed)ness, hreow, (ge)hreownes, hreowsung, geswicennes, geprast(ed)nes .Time of repentance: behreowsungtid, heofungtid0 •.Day or repentance: heofungda:g .A penitent: clznsere, datdbeta, dZdbetend, dZdbetere0 .Penitent, undergoing confession: dl!dbetende, forgniden, forJ>rasted, hreow, hreowende, (ge)onbryrd, onbryrded, geprasted -Impenitent, llDRpelltant: unbehreowsigende0 680

16.02.04.07 .04 Communion/eucharist .To be penitent: ~wsian, be~nan, hreowan, (ge)hreowsian

See 08.01.03.02.01 Remorse, contrition 16.02.04.07.02.02 Absolution, forgiveness, remission: ill!tnes, Arung, eftforgifnes, forgiefednesog, forgiefnes, forll!t(en)nes, giefu, godforgifnes0 , lihting, liss, lll>ung, onliesednes, scrift .Forgiven, pardoned: forgiefen .Forgivable: forgiefen, onlresendlic .Not absolved, unforgiven: un(ge)andett, unforgifen .To pardon, forglw: ill!tan, forgiefan, forll!tan, ongifan

See 08.01.02.06.02 Forgiveness 16.02.04.07.02.03 Penance, an act/lnstance of penancec bOt, dZdbOt, hreowsung, scrift, synbOt° .Penance for a specified period: daegb0t0 , gearoot°, monapb0t0 , wucub0t0 .Mitigation of penance: ~dbOtllhtung°, miltsung .Gift of money In place of penance: godcundnes .Release on giving compemation: lwung .A discourse referring to penance: scriftbOc .To make penitent: (ge)hreowan .To do penance: ingian, gefl!lsian, fullbetan, ongieldan, (ge)l>fOwian .To deame, PW'le: idflegian, ifeormian, gefirenian .Morti8cation of the 8esh: cwylming .To mortify the 8esh: idydan, cwielman, cwylmian, gedel>ans .Unatoned for: un(ge)bet(ed), unl>ingod .

See 12.08.02.02.01 Reform. correction; 14.03.03.09.02 Atonement 16.02.04.07.03 Confirmation: bisceopung, crismlrsing .To confirm: (ge)bisceopian .Not con8rmed: unbiscopod, untrymed 16.02.04.07.04 Communlonleucbarist: hiisl, godes lichama, g~nsumnes, (ge)ml!nsumung, nuesselicS, gemina •Tbe body of Christ: cristes lichama, ftl!sc .Act of partaklna of the euduuist: hllfgang, hOselgang, hOselhilgung, gemina, onfangennes, l>igen .A communicant: b0selbeam0 P, hOselgenga, hiislwer 0 P .Admlnktaation of the sacrament: hiislung, g~nsumung 681

16.02.04.07.04.01 The service of the mass .Worthy to receive communion: hiisles wirl>e .To receive communion: hiisl ibirgan, hiisles onbyrgan, hiisl J>icgan, (ge)~nsumian drihtn~ lichaman and blOde, onfbn, t6 hllfe gin, t6 hiisle gln/gangan .To consecrate elements of eucbarist: hiisl gehilgian, t6 hiisle gehilgian -Consecrated: gehilgod .To break the bread: hilsl t6brecan .To administer the sacrament: (ge)hiislian, hiisl geml!nsumian 16.02.04.07.04.01 The senlce of the m••t hilsl, maesse, sendnesll .Am•a:~

.Part of the men: maessecapitel0 .Time of the mea: ril&ssetid0 .An early mass: capitolmaesse, morgenmzsse0 .High mass: heahmzsse ..Day of high mass: ~Is , h!ahfreolsdzg°, heahfreolstid0 , heahmzssedacg°, hcahtid .Low mea: swigmacsse .8errice on a saint's day: maesse, macssesang, sang .A &pedal maa: sundonnaesse0 ..Midsummer mea: sumormacsseq .Celebration of the mass: macssesang, macsseJ>Cnung, macssung0 , onsymbelnes0 .To say ma•: (ge)macssian .To attend/bear a m•a: gehieran Godes driamas, gemacssian, gestandan macssan 0

16.02.04.07.05 An order (&enetal): cirichid .A major order: ciri~w. hild, ~ 16.02.04.07.05.01 Ordination: hildung .As bishop: bisceophid, bisceophidung°, bisceophilgung0 •Time of onllnation: hidtima .Anniversary of onllnation: hidungdacg° .Ordained, in onlen: (ge)hidod ..Newly ordained: nigehilgod0 ..Not onlalned: un(ge)hidod .To receive holy onlenltake onlen: cyri~w underfbn, hid onfOn, hid underfbn .To consecrate to~ onl•ln: (ge)bildian, (ge)hllgian (t6) 682

16.02.04.08 Prayer 16.02.04.07.05.01.01 Goins Into a monastery, adm""oa: ingang, mynstergang .CbDd brought up In monastery: munuccild .A novice: niwcumen .Not made a monk: un(ge)munecod .To enter rellgion/rellpous life: geandwyrdc beon/wesan munuc, hidunge underfOn •To admit, make a religious of: hid on settan, munucian° .To place, establish (In a community): gesettan 16.02.04.07.05.01.02 Unfrvcldna~ bescyrung°S, unhldung°g •To unfrock: behldian°, unhldian 16.02.04.07.06 Unction, anolntlJll with holy oU: crismsmyrels0 , onsmyrung°, smirung .Chrism, holy oU: crisma .Con•ecratlon of the chrism: crismh!lgung° .Anointed: nuest •To co1JMJCrate with oU, anoint: (ge)f~ttian, (ge)smirwan/smirian, J>urhsmyrian° 16.02.04.07.06.01 Lut rites: gerihtu .Vlatkwn: wegnest 16.02.04.07.06.02 A Ylall: ciricw&eee, wacen, wecc(e) .Earty vigil: Uhtwaecce0 .Vigil ofa festival: festen , .Day-vigil: dzgwzcceoS .Vigilance, watchiq: wacen, w&eee .A Ylall·keeper: hiligwecca0 •Very viplant: J>whwzccendlic0 .To watch, keep Ylall: J>whwacian°, J>urhweccanoa, wacian, weardian 16.02.04.07.06.03 Commemoration, festival: gemynd, weort>ung .Aunlvenary of90meone•1 death: geleor(ed)nes, gemynddeg, gewitennes -(Of a saint's death) as 'birth' Into heaven: gebyrdtid .Annual anniversary: g!argemynd 16.02.04.08 Prayer: (ge)bed, (ge)bedn!den, (ge)ben, (ge)clipung, forben°g .A prayer: ·(ge)bed .Hoar appointed for prayer: gebedtid 683

16.02.04.08.0 I Kinds of prayer .Payment for prayer: gebedbigen° -One who prays: (ge)biddend .Engaged in praying: biddende ..Not praying: unbiddende0 .To pray, offer prayer: ibiddan, gebedian°, (ge)biddan .To approach God in prayer: (ge)s&:an God .To raise/offer prayer: gebedu nlran

See 12.03.04 Request

16.02.04.08.01 Kinds of prayer: .The Lord's prayer: dryhtlic gebed, paternoster .Prayer said at mealtime: beodfers .Prayer on bended knees: cneowgebed .Imocatory prayer: incegungg, oncrgnesoS, oncrgungg .Supplicatory prayer: hilsunggebed, lctania -Time for suppllcatory prayer: hilsungtima0 .(Of prayer) commemorative: gemyndig .Suppllcatory: hilsigendlic •To invoke, call upon: (ge)ciegan, in(ge)c!gan, (ge)nemnan, on(ge)cigan8, onclypian .To entrust, commend: beb&>dan inion, befzstan 16.02.04.09 Ahmgivin&, charitablenc 11: almesgifu0 , zlmeshand .Glvina of alms: zlmeslic0 , almessylen .A good work: gOd dltd, gOd weorc ..A charitable action: zl~d. zlmesse, zlmesweorc0 -Wasbin& of poor: zlmesbzp0 -Distribution of alms: zlmesgedll, (ge)dil .Alms, what is given: zlmesfeoh, elmespenig°, zlmesse .A giver of alms: zlmesdond0 , elmesgifa0 , ~lere .Charitable: zlmesful, elmesgeom, clmeslic .Charitably: clmeslice .To glorify God wltb works: gewuldrian .To give, distribute alms: (ge)dt!lan See 10.03 Give 16.02.04.10 Pleachln1: bod, bodung, fon:bod', fon:bodung8, forelir 0 8, llrbodung°, predicung°, wordpmlicung° .A bomlly/sermon: cwide, folclir, godspelltraht, lir, lirspell, spell, wordpredicung° 684

16.02.04.13 Ceremonial cleanness ..A collection of sermons, homlllary: cwidbOc, lirbOc, spellbOc •.A text heading a sermon: lirspell .To preach: bodian, forebodian', forecwepan, foresecgan, predician ..To preach the gospel: godspellian 16.02.04.10.01 Convenion: (ge)cierrednes, (ge)cierring, gehwearfnes,

gehwyrf(ed)nes .A neophyte: ni(ge)hwurfed, nfl~red', niwcumen, underfangen .Converted: gebogen ..Not converted: ungecyrred ..Newly converted: nfgecyrre', nighworfen°, ni(ge)hwyrfed, niwe .To submit to baptism, convert: to fulluhte (ge)biigan .To convert, perform convenion: (ge)biegan, gebiegan tO fulluhte, gebiegan to geleafan, (ge)cierran 16.02.04.11 Pilgrimage: elJ>Codignes, wracsi)> .Pilgrimage to Rome: sut>f0r 0 .To go on a pilgrimage: elJ>Cod(g)ian, weaJlian, wriecsi)>ian 16.02.04.12 Sacrifice, a sacrifice: (ge)blot, blotung°, freolac0 ' . giefu, gield,

hlisel, lac, loftac0 , offrung, oftl!te, ons&gednes, onszgung'. tt1>er .A sacrificer: blOtereog, onsecgend .An offering, sacrifice (animal/Inanimate): asegendnes0 • gebrengnes'. bring'. offrung, onszgednes, onsaegnes, saegednes, trber, tobrengnes0 ' ••A sacrificial victim: cwiczlmesog, cwicu zlmes, cwiclac0 ' , trber •.A consecrated ram: hilgungram0 ..A burnt offering: bzmelac0 P, !>&ming, brynegieldP ...Holocaust: ea11offrung0 ' , holocaustum ...Fire used in sacrifice: adfYr 0 P ..Libation, wine offering: wintrber 0 ' .Morning sacrifice: dzgredoffrung° .Evening sacrifice: refenlac0 P, l!fenoffrung0 , nihtgild' .Sacrifice to an idol: idelgildoffrung .Sacrifice at which bull offered: hnperfreols' .Sacrifice before warfare: fyrdtrber 0 ' .Sacrifice for victory: sigetrber 0 P, sigortrfer 0 P .To offer, sacrifice: iigieldan, bel>Wdan, be~can. blOtan, gieldan, lie onsendan, (ge)offrian, onblotan°P, ongieldan, onsecgan .To make propitious, propitiate: gegladdian 16.02.04.13 Ceremonial deanness: cll!nnes 685

16.02.04.13.01 (Of churchman) neglect of clwtity .Purification: clt!nsung, fcormung .Days of puriftcatioa: clznsungdagas .Ceremonially dean: clt!ne, clenlic ..Unclean: geoutnlic, unclzne .To purify,deanse: (ge)clt!nsian, (ge)feormian

See 04.06.01 Clean 16.02.04.13.01 (Of cburdunan) neglect of chastity: t!wbryce .An infringer of celibacy: t!wbreca 16.02.04.13.02 Puriftcatory rites: .For a cbun:h after defilement: mynsterclt!nsung .For a woman after cbllclbirtb: ciricgang 16.02.04.13.03 Tomure, balrcutting, shaving: efesung, scearu, sciering0 S .Failure to cut hair: unefesungan 16.02.04.14 Sacrilege: atbrecl>0 S, forecostung', gewemming .Breaking Into a church: ciricbntc0 , ciricbryce .Eating of sacrifice to an Idol: teondiet°P .Impious, sacrilegious: zbrucol0 S, godwneclic .To profane, violate: ifjlan, igclan, iidl(i)an, iwidlian, forecostian°S, (ge)fYlan, (ge)idlian, 6hte grettan, t6ga!lan°&, (ge)wemman, (ge)widlian ..To clisbonour (a cbun:h): misWUJl>ian° 16.02.04.14.01 Blasphemy: bismer, bismersp(r)zc, bismerung, cursung, dysignes, hearmcwide, hierwing', hierwnes, hosp, leahtorcwide0 P, t.Zl, Wit>ersacung, WOODCS, WOffung, yfelsacung, yfelszc0 P, yfelsung .A blasphemer: hierwend, wil>ersacend, yfelsacend .Blasphemous: t.Zllic, woo .Blasphemously: bismerlice, w6dlice .To blaspheme: (ge)bismerian, cursian, dysigan, (ge)hierwan, swician, wiergan, wit>ersacian, woffian, (ge)yfelsacian, (ge)yfelsianS 686

16.02.04.18 Other practices

16.02.04.14.02 Imprecation: bilsung, onl>!n •To pray for evil, Imprecate: giernan, (ge)bilsianlbealsian 16.02.04.14.02.01 Cuniaa. lmprecadon: cursung, weargcwedolnes/wyrgcwedolnesl, wyrgt>u .Cunln&, a cune: wyrgnes, wyrgung .A cane, maledictloa: iwyrgednes, lwyrigung°, curs, weargolnes0 1, wyrgnes .A caner. wyrgend .Blaspbemoaslollec:me lanpage: scandword .Given to cursing: weargcwedoVwyrgcwedoJ, wyrgende .Accunedly: fordCmedlrce .To cane, speak ill of: iwicrg(e)an, cursian, miscwet>an, weargcwet>an/wyrgcwet>an', wyrgan, wyrgcwedolianl, yfelcwedolian', yfelcwet>an' •To accune: iminsumian See 14.03.03.04 Oath-swearing 16.02.04.15 A vow: behl1. gehit, wilsumnes .To vow: behilan, gieldan, (ge)hitan (t6) See 12.07.02.01 ff Pro""3e

16.02.04.16 Martyrdom: martyrdom, martyrhid, t>rowerhid, t>rowethid, t>fOw(i)endhid .A martyr: cyt>ere, martir, r6dbora°', t>fOwere ..A woman martyr: t>r6westre0 8 ..A family of martyn: martyrcynn° .Place of martyrdom (amphitheatre): wrtehiis .Day of martyrdom: t>rowungdteg°, t>fOwungtfd .Anniversary of martyr's death: t>fOwung .Narrative about martyr(s): martyrracu0 , t>rowingnlding°I .Suffering, passion: cwylming, martyrung°, t>olung, t>rowung .To suffer martyrdom: (ge)t>fOwian .To subject to martyrdom: (ge)martyrian .To torture: (ge)cwielman, (ge)cwylmian 16.02.04.17 Exorcism: hilsung .To exorcise: (ge)hilsian/healsian 16.02.04.18 Other ptactica: 687

16.02.04.18.0 I Sign of the cross 16.02.04.18.01 Sign ofthe Cl'OIS: bletsung, cristelnutl, crik, hllig rode t.icen, rOd, rOde t.icen •To make the sign of the croa: (ge)bletsian, (ge)mearcian mid .. . rOde, (ge)segnian 16.02.04.18.02 Bwuing of lnceme: recclsreo •Tithe on produce of soil: ecerteopung° .Tithe of com: comteopung .Tithe of stock: teopungceap0 .Contribution of flu: ftexgescot0 .Contribution of wax: weaxgescot° .Churda repain tu: cyricb6t .Church tu on ploughed land: sulhzlmesse

688

16.02.05.02.03 A church, place of worship .Payment on a death: slwolsceat, slwol(ge)scot .Peter's peace: elmesfeoh, heorl>J>ening, romfeoh. rompenig, rom(ge)sceot .Payment for providing lights: leohtgesceot -Light in church bought by layman: elmesleoht° .Diligent in payiq tithes: t!o~unggeom

16.02.05 Church property:

See 04.05.02 Building; 15.01 Property 16.02.05.01 Land~ .Episcopal property: bisceophim, bisceopland0 , bisceoprice .Monastic property/land: mynsterland0 , mynstert>ing0 -Land to defray (food) expenses: beodland, rostorland -Land to defray clothing expenHS: scrildland0 .Church property/territory: ciricland -Churchyard: cyrichege, cyricrun .A holy well: hilig wiell .Land allotted to priests: slcerdlandoS .Land supportiq priest: scrift&cer .A parish: rihtscir 0 ..Assigned to a priest: rihtscriftscir .Land producing tithes: t!o~ungland° ..An acre set apart for tithes: t!ol>a ecer .Land devoted to alms: elmes&cer0 , elmesland See 12.06.02 District 16.02.05.02 A holy place or sanctuary: freolsstow, fril>splott. helnes, hiligdom, hAligem, hAlignes, hAligporticg, hAligweorc, heafodstede, hearg, hiis, stow, weorpungstow 0 16.02.05.02.01 A temple: cyrice, eaJhP, ealhstedeP, hCahreccdP , heal I, hearg, hof, hiis, sele(ge)scot, tempel, tempelhlls0 , tempelgeweorc .Devil's temple: helltra=f0 P .Heathen temple: d!ofolgieldhlls0 , heargtref0 P .Of a temple: templicK 16.02.05.02.02 A cathedral, minster: heafodcyrice0 , heafodmynster, mynster 16.02.05.02.03 A church, place of wonbip: cyrice, godes bus .A country church: feldcyrice

689

16.02.0S.02.04 A shrine .A nelghbourlna dntn:b: n!ahcyrice .Church In a settlement: tiinkirkc .A chapel, oratory: bediemq, (gc)bcdhtls, gcbcdstow .A builder of a dntn:b: cyricwyrbta0 .A synagogue: cyrice, spn!c ..A chief synagope, chief a=n1bly: h!ah(gc)samnung .A house of sacriftce: offrunghiis0 -Zion, Mount SIOD: sion, sionbcorgP

16.02.05.02.04 A shrine: scrin .Visit to a shrine: relicgang, reliquias0cn 16.02.05.03 Parts of bulldlna: 16.02.05.03.01 Door or pte of cburdl: cyricdor/cyricduru, tcmpclgcat0 .Pordl/vestibule of cburdl: portic .An east porch: eastportic 16.02.05.03.02 Choir: chor 16.02.05.03.03 Chanttl: gcscot 16.02.05.03.04 Part of temple contalnln1 altar/idol: hcarg, weofodsteall 0 , weohstcall .Altar: altar(c), glCdstcdcP, mzsscstcall, We -Slab/panel OD altar, altar top: tabulc ..Projection OD altar: horn -Step: grid 16.02.05.03.05 Crypt: cruftg 16.02.05.03.06 Triforium: iipftor 16.02.05.03.07 A belfry: bcllhils 16.02.05.03.08 A baptistry: fulwihtst6w 16.02.05.03.09 A ~tstly/sacrlsty: hiligdomhiisog, hrzglhiis, hiisclportic0 , scriidclshiis0 690

16.02.05.05.05 A chair 16.02.05.03.10 A da.pter-boa1e: capitelbils 16.02.05.03.11 A nklw, arched nee•: portic 16.02.05.03.12 A chan:b wall: cyricwig 16.02.05.03.13 A ICftfn, frontal:

~(e)

16.02.05.04 A monastery/convent: clauster, lif, munuclif, munucstow 0 , mynster, mynsterclilse0 , mynsterhim, mynsterlrf, mynsterstede0 , nunhired0 , nun(nan)mynster .A neighbouring moautery/coavent: neahmynster 0 , neahnunmynster 0 .To make secluded: gediegl(i)an 16.02.05.04.01 Parts of monastery: .A monastery pte: mynstergeat .A cell: cella/-e, clauster, cleofa, cyte .A doister: clysung .Guest-quarters: spntchlls .Hall set apart for coafeni.ng: spntchiis 16.02.05.04.02 A IM:a mitage, hea wit's cell: incorsetl, incorstow 0 , inseld/insetl, sundorsetl 16.02.05.04.03 Priests' quarters: prCost)ifO 16.02.05.05 Something holylbcloaal1t1 to a chan:b: cyricj>ing°, hiligdom 16.02.05.05.01 Ark of the covenant: ean:e, scrin 16.02.05.05.02 A chan:b/monastery bell: cyricbelle .Bell for aoacs: nonbelle0 .Bell for puttiaa on shoes: sc0cnyl1°

See 02.05.10.13.01 Bell 16.02.05.05.03 A font: bej>, fant, fantbej>, fantfet 16.02.05.05.04 A lec:tern: ntdescamoJS, ntdingscamol 0 .Steps to lcdera: n!dinggrld° 16.02.05.05.05 A chair: .A bishop's chair: bisceopstol .Pope's chair: pipseld/-setl 691

16.02.05.05.06 A vessel for use in services 16.02.05.05.06 A veael for use in services: blOdorcog, hiiselfret .An oil-vessel/cbrismatory: elebyttog, elefzt .A cup, chalice: calic, cyricfret0 , hilewege0 P, symbelcalic0 .A fistula, pipe for taking wine: pipe .A vessel for holy water: amelog .A vessel (possibly for iD.rense): scipfzt0 g .A paten: hiiseldisc, offringdisc0 .A pyx: box, hiiselbox 16.02.05.05.07 A thurible, censer: gledfret, recelsbiic0 g, recelsfret, storcille, storfret .An incense rod/spoon: storsticca0 16.02.05.05.08 A staff, wand of authority: breostgyrdg. preostgyrdq .A bishop's staff: bisceopstzf, stzf .A chanter's staff: canterstzf0 16.02.05.05.09 Cloths: .An altar doth: pzll, weofodhrzgl0 , weofodsceat(a) .Eucharistic doth: corporate, offringclij>0 , offringsceau, prell .A hanging, 8ag: godwebb 16.02.05.05.10 Relics, a coUection of relics: hiiligdom, reliquias .A relic: hilignes, liclif0 g •Visiting of relics/shrine: relicgang, reliquiasocn .Translation of relics/saint's body: oferlidog .Memorial, monument: gemynd, myndgung, gemyndstow, myne •To carry relics in procession: reliquias rl!ran 16.02.05.06 Ritual clothing: .A chrismale (baptismal): crisma, crismal0 , crismclij>0 .A sackcloth/penitential garment: cilic0 g, hl!re, srecc, wnehrregt0 P .Church vestments: ciricwltd0 .Priestly vestments: preostreaf0 ..Vestments used at mass: mressereaf .Episcopal robes: bisceopgegyrelan° .A deacon's robe: diacongegyrela0 .Epistoler's vestments: pistolclij>0 , pistolrocc0 16.02.05.06.01 Outer garments: .An alb/surplice: albe

692

16.02.05.09.03 Holy oil .A ca110Ck: hacele .A cha•ble: casulog, heden, m&ssehacele, plan!ta0 .A cope: czppe, cantelclp0 , cantelclll>q, cantel'Clleppe, cC>p, hoppada0 S,

m&ssehacele .A COllJOnle: corporale .A rocbet: rocc ..A clalmatic: bisceoPfOCC°'. diaconrocc0 ' . dalmatice .A maniple: handlin .A surplice: m&ssegierela0 , m&ssehnegl, oferslop, oferslype 16.02.05.06.02 Garb for neck and shoalden: .A pallium, archiepiscopal pall: arce, pallium .A 1a1palar. eaxlclfti1>0 .A pectoral cross: bisceoprOd, sweorrOd 16.02.05.06.03 Heaqear: .A mitre: bisceophCafodlin°1 .Garbed with a pontiftcal headband; gehilfod 16.02.05.07 Monastic garb: munucgegyrcla0 , munucr!af, munucscrild .some artide or monastic dress: gylece0 .Supply or dothin1 for a monk: hnegltalu .A nun's habit: nunscrild° .A cowl: cufle, cugle .A veil (for women): bJligryft 16.02.05.08 Lay dothln1: woruldgyrla0 16.02.05.09 Con•mables: 16.02.05.09.01 Eucbaristic elements: hilsel, offrung, geryne .Brad: bl&d, hllf, oflete, oflethlM° .Wine: m&ssewrnog, wrn .Remains or the Enebarist: hilsellM° 16.02.05.09.02 'fnceme: anstOrog, beoming/byrning', cursumbor 0 8, inbemednes0 8, inbemes', inrecelsog, onil, onbeming', onbemness, recel(s), stering', SlOr, l>imiama0 16.02.05.09.03 Holy oU: crisma, smircls, smiringele0 .OU med In baptisu•: fulwihtele0 693

16.02.0S.09.04 Holy Water

16.02.05.09.04 Holy Water: hilig weter .Water n!lfd in baptism: fantweter 16.02.05.10 A cbun:blmoaastk book: cyricb0c0 , mynsterb0c0 16.02.05.10.01 Senice boob: .A ma•book: mzssebOc, t>Cnungb0c0 .A sacrameatary: messebOc, sacramentor(i)um .A benedktioaal: bletsungbOc, hilgungb0c0 P .A book containing exonisms: hllsungb0c0 16.02.05.10.02 A lectioaary: n!deb0c0 , l'ZdingbOc .A summer lecdonary: sumerb0c0 , sulDCTTitdingbOc0 .A winter lectionary:

winterr~dingbOc

16.02.05.10.03 A bomlllary: cwidbOc, spellbOc 16.02.05.10.04 Choir books, etc.: .Psalter: salterelpsaltere .Hymnal: ymnere/hymnere, sangbOc, ymenb0c0 .Antipboner: antefnere, antiphonaria0 , onsongbOc°, sangbOc .A book openlns with 'ad te levaYi': ad te levavi .A book for evening worship: nihtsang, nihtsangb0c0 .A troperlcollectar: capitularie, collectaneum, tropere See 18.02.07.01.01 Songbook 16.02.05.10.05 A bible: bibliot>Cca .A psalter: sealmb0c0 .A ppel: cristes bOc, godspel, godspellbOc .Epistle book: pistelari0 , pistolbOc See 16.02.01.08 Scripturf!

16.02.05.10.06 A manual, ritual: cyricb0c0 , handbOc 16.02.05.10.07 A rule: regol 16.02.05.10.08 A book of canomldecrees: canonb0c0 , sino)>b0c0 16.02.05.10.09 A penitential: penitentialem, scriftbOc 16.02.05.10.10 A lepaclary: manirologium, martyrliua0 694

16.02.0S. l l The cross (as Christian image) · 16.02.05.10.11 A Yita: lif 16.02.05.10.12 A compatm aM calendar: geriin, geriinb6c0 .Sqnday letter (la compatation): staef .Rule for deter •o•nJna Easter: wtorlic regol 16.02.05.10.13 Other boob: frOfort>Oc0 , bicrdcb0c0 , tirb0c 16.02.05.11 Tbe aw(• Cbristian image): t>Wn, cristclm&I, cristcs ~I . _.. .. _,, .. _ • -L"-' -Lz- -p • - ..L.z-- Op cros0 , crilc, 1uu, ·~ ticen, s1g~n. s1g~1 , s1gut~D , treow, wudu, wynt>Wnop, wynr6d0 P .A done croa: rodcstln° .Uprfaht shaft of a croa: cristcl~lbl-am 0

.(Of a cross) arm: carm .Hanging, st11•mer (OD a aQll): wl!d(e) .(Of a cross) uncoveied: gcbarod .Endowed with active propu ties: gcliffttst .(Of the cross OD cloonwlay) nd, blood-stained: r!ad

•

69S

17 Work, doings, actions, labour

17. Work 17 Work, doinp, actions, labour: (ge)weorc

.Work, labour: begang, earfoJ:>e, (ge)weorc, wyrcnes ..Lawful work: gcrihtgeswinc0 ..Manual labour: hand(ge)weorc, handgewinn ...8ervil&'menlal labour: IJ&>wweorc ..Indoor work: inweorc ..Weekly won: wucweorc ..A day's work: d&gweorc ..Evening work: t!fengeweorc0 ..Work con.nec:ted with grain given to church: ciricsceatweorc0 .That works, labouring: winnende .Industrious, active, laborious: notgeom0 , geswincful, weorcful .To work, labour: wyrcan .To work at, perform with labour: beswincan, swincan eeftcr/for/on, IJ&>wian, weorpian, winnan See 04.05 Building, construction; 05.05 Creation 17.01 Sbenuoas effort, bard work: (ge)winn .Labour, toU, bard work: broc, gedeorf, (gc)swinc, gcwinn

..Earthly toil: woruldgeswinc .Trouble, laborious effort: gedeorf, earfoJ:>e, swil .Requiring effort, active, laborious: (ge)swincful .Laborious, bard to do, toilsome: hefelic, hefig .Troublesome, exacting, tolbome: hefigtyme .Tolbome, taxing, heavy: d&>p, earfoJ:>e, (gc)swincful, swinclic0 , gewinful, gewinfullic, gcwinnesful0 ..Grievously bard: l>rohtheardP .Strenuously: framlice .Laboriously, with effort: stundum, gewinfullice, gewinnesfullice0 ..Most laboriously: swi)>ost .To perform with effort: gewinnan ..To toU,sweat, labour: iwinnan, beswlttan°', (ge)deorfan, swtttan, (ge)swincan, winnan .To cause to labour: gedyrfan, swencan See 05.08.01 Vigour 17.02 Work, occupation, employment: till>(e), tilung, weorc .A way of life: lif, lifbrycgung°K 696

17.02.04 Trade, calling, craft, aptitude .A calllna. vocadoa: clipung

.sec,11ar occupation: woruldfolgaJ>, woruldscfr 0 , woruld}>enung, woruld}>eowdOm0 , woruldwcorc .To beemployecllbaly,laboar: dr&>gan unstillelbysig See 11.02 Business; 15.05 Commerce 17.02.01 Management of work: wcorcwisung° .A workshop: ambihthiis0 ' , }>eninghus0 ' , wcorchiis' .A worker: bigcngcre, q .A special oftk:e: sundcrfolgol>0 , sundomotu0 , sundomytt .Oftke of treasurer: hordcrwycc0 .Dlscbarge of an oftk:e, conduct of businc 11: notu, wicnung0 .A business, negotiation: bisigncs0 ' , gemang -1..eial negotiation: ltbod' .To appoint to a position: (ge)sciftan .To succeed to (oftice/property): fOn to •To bold, occupy an oftk:e: bchcaldan, hcaldan • •To disclw"le an olftce: (ge)briican, notian, (gc)wicnian -To perform duties (of oftk:e), administer: J>egnian 17.02.03 A task, senrlce, duty: ambcht. ambchtncs°', foresetncs .A properly appointed task: rihtgcsctncs0 .An ernmd, mission: ltrcndc, ltrcndung, hits -Carrying of a message, acting u em•ary: ltrendung ..Bound on an emmd: zrcndfest° .To perform/accomplish a service: l>Cowian •To do an ernnd or business: (gc);trendian See 12.01.01.08 Service; 12.07 Obligation; 14.01.05 Service 17.02.04 Trade, calling, craft, aptitude: cneft .Ha!Mtiwork, artiftce: handwcorc, (ge)wcorc, gcwyrcc 697

17.02.04.0l Repairing. renewing .sldlled work, cnft: craeft. creftweon:°', orl>ancscipe', searocneft.

getingcraeftoS, woruldweon: ..A secular craft or art: woruldcreft -Wondrous skfll: wundorcrzftP ..Sldll of worker la metalJwood: smi~ftO .A work, what Is wroaabt: handgesceaftOP, handgeweon:, geswinc, (ge)wcorc ..A sldlful/splmdlcl work: ~e)wcorcP, orJ>anc, l>fY)>wcorc°P ..A work la wood: holtwuduP, wudu .A maker, fabricator: creftiga. timbriend. wyrbta -Who is a craftsman: craeftiga, tahcreftiga, biwiend ...Sldlled cralbman: smeawyrhta0 ....In metal or wood: ambihtsmi)>0 , smi)>, smi~ftiga P .A smithy, forge: smil>l>e .Formed, made: gestrengedl -With the bands: handworht° -With skill: mechanise° -In the south: sii)>eme .To cobltauc:t, form, fasbioa: imetan, ismi)>ian, (ge)cr&ftan, (ge)biwiao, 0

gehiwlzcan, (ge)macian, ~gwlitian°', (ge)scieppan, gesettan, gewlitigian, (ge)wyrcan -With sloping sides (to malr~ angle): gesdotan -With squared-off shape: geflgan •To pn 11 lato a shape: gewringan -To shape tbroqb pressure: ge~wan See 11.04 ff. Skill; 15.05 Commerce

17.02.04.01 Repalrlag, renewlaa: g~g. bOt .Repalrlna of walls: weallstilling -Repairing of fortUlcations: festengewcorc .Repairing of l'Ollds: stnttweard •Wood med la house repaln: hOSbOt .A restorer, one who repairs: ~d .To make 1epalrs: (ge)betan, ~ getimbran, bOtettan -With rods or witbies: windan .To keep la repair: ib0tian°, bOtian .To renew, restore: (ge)niwian See 03.03.06.01 Whole; 11.12.02.02 Repair 17.02.04.02 u. of tools: 698

17.02.04.02.03 Carrying, carriage (of materials)

17.02.04.02.01 Cutting, bewtn&, shapbla: hrewet, gehrwung, gesceap .A Joiner, carpenter: tm>wwyrhta ..A cooper: hOpereq ..A cartwright: wegnwyrhta' .A mason: stinwyrhta'' weallwyrhta ..A Milled mason: stincneftiga0 .A turner's workshop: l>yrelhfis0 S .(Of wood) cut, hewn: iheawen .(Of stone) 11nhewn, not trimmed: ung~ns .To cut/hew stone: sn~dan. (ge)srupan -To hew, sbape by cuttina: ibeawan, (ge)heawan •To make tables: ~an°

See 04.05.01.01Masonry;05.06.02 Cutting

17.02.04.02.02 Dfal"I: gedelf, holing° .A dlging aroand/aboat: ymbgedelfO -For constructing a ditch: dicung _Quarrying or marble: mannstingedelf0 ..A trench: bedelfing0 S, delfung°S .Hollowed, excavated, dug: lholod, hol .To dig (a hole in, etc.): bedelfan, (ge)delfan -To dig around/about: bedelfan -To make a ditch/embankment: (ge)dician -To dig, dia out (a pit, bole, etc.): idelfan, iholian, grafian, (ge)holian, l>yrlian, undetdelfan -To di& uncln, 11ncla 111lne: underdelfan See 04.05.03.05.03.01 Ditch 17.02.04.02.03 Canytna, carrtaae en, hied, hlest, seam -AD oppressive weight: byrl>en, m&genbyrl>enP -A anall burden: byrj>incel0 S, handh&fS -A cartload: lol>or .A bandbarrow: bearwe0 .Overloaded: oferfCl>re' .Often-loaded: oftal>rel .(Of rec:eptade) adapted for Uabt loads: l&>ht

699

17.02.04.02.04 Leading/conducting of water .To load, put a burden oa: (ge)fetan, gef!l>rian. (ge)hladan, (ge)hlzstan, (ge)sfeman -To overload: oferhlzstan -To unload, discbarge: onhladan°S .To perform carrying service for a lord: lferian See 05.12.02 Move

17.02.04.02.04 Leading/conducting of water: tyge .A pipe, channel, tube for liquid: fealh0 1, tracter 0 8, )>Cote, l>ruh, wzterl>rUh' .An artifldal pool, cistern: mere, seaJ>, wzterseaJ> .A draw-well: ridpytt°P .A drcular well: hringwyll ..A pit for a circular well: hringpytt .A vessel for drawing water: hleden°i, hlzdfzt0 .To draw water: (ge)hladan See 05./2.0/.08 Movement in water

17.02.04.03 Metal worker: slecgwyrhta0 .Skilled worker: smil>creftiga0 P, wundorsmi1>0 P .Working in iron: irensmil>, isensmil>, ise(r)nwyrhta .Working in copper/bnm: irsmil>0 ' , mzstlingsmil> ..Brass work: irgeweorc0 S .Working in precious metal: goldsmil>, seolforsmil> .A plate/wedge of metal: wecg ..A plate of metal: platung' ...An iron plate: isen clut, Jsen )>el -.A thin plate: f~ttP, lzfer, scenn°P .(Of hammer blows) that beat: IX.atende .(Of metal) beaten: onislagen°i -Into plates: iplatod', geplatod0 S .(Of weapons, etc.) forged: geslegen .To strike, forge: (ge)slean, ge1>weran .To forge, fashion in metal: ismil>ian, besmil>ian, (ge)smil>ian .To work in brass: brzsian° See 05.06.09.03 Strike

17.02.04.03.01 (Of metal) ductile: (ge)ledendlic' .Malleable: istrengedi 17.02.04.03.02 Flllnp: gesweorf .FiHnp of braa: lrgesweorf0 700

17.02.05.02 Goldsmith's an .Filed off, nibbed off, polished: isworfen°', sworfen .To 8le: tcolian° •.And sbarpcnlwbet: hwettan, (ge)scierpan

See 05.06.05 Grinding

17.02.04.03.03 Smelting, beating, scoriftcadon: gesod .A smelter or founder: geotere, orebliwereq ..In lead: leadgota0 ..In brass: irgeotere .To purify by seetbins. •ssay: ~l>an ..(Of metal) to prove by fire: imerian, bliwan .To melt, found, cast: igeotan, gebliwan, (ge)geotan .To weld, force together: geswztan .To harden or temper metal: ihierdan, gehierdan ..Thoroughly: geondhyrdan° .•Equally: efengemetgianq See 03.01.09 Heat; 04.06.01.09 Cleanse 17.02.05 A work/product of art: cr&ft 17.02.05.01 Ornamental object: .An ornament: b0n°, geren(e) .An ornamental plate of metal: fitttP .Ornament made of wire/metal thread: wrr ..Ornament of bent wire: wfrboga0 P .A setting for gems: sincfa:t .(Of metals, jewels) real, flawless: facenl~ .Richly ornamented: berenod, gebOned, sincfigP, sinchrodenP, geworht .Overlaid with ornament: oferca:fe .Gold plate: goldfell, goldla:feroS, goldleaf 701

17.02.05.03 A silvennlith ..Plate of red gold: readgoldleferas .An object made of gold: goldgeweorc "Gold ornaments: goldfnetwe, goldgearwe0 ,Inlaid/adoa uecl with gold: goldfltted°, goldfig, goldwreken° .GDdecl: goldfyld0 1, gullisc°, gegyld, ofergyld, ofergylden° .To gild: begyldan', (ge)gyldan, ofergyldan

17.02.0S.03 A sO•enmitb: seolforsmip .Plated with sDnr: oferseolfrad, seolforhammen° •To cover over with .Over: besilfrianl, oferseolfrian 17.02.0S.04 An image, &pre: gehrwung, (ge)licnes, ongelic .Aa t4Bgy or statue: mannlrca. on(ge)lrcnes .SUpeutine patternlDa: itertlnop, wynnhrw 0 , wynnlrc •To depict, figure, reprocluce: lwendan 17.02.0S.OS A caniq, gnvlq: pft, greftgeweorc0 .A gn•er: grafere .Gnvea: Agrafen, Agrafenlicl, (ge)grefen "Wonc:lroasly gna•en: wundor Agr&fen .Worked in bn-reliel: ~pftOI, inheald°I •To qa ave, cane, ICUlpt: Agrafan, lwn"'tan; (ge)ceorfan, grafan, wn"'tan, writian See 05.06.02 Cutting 17.02.0S.OS.01 Graven, embolled, cba·ed: ldrifen, btempedoS •To ena• ave, stamp, emboes: lbrician', Agrafan, (ge)ceorfan "To emboes: iit Al>rlngan 17.02.0S.OS.02 To Dl8ke a mark/cut by striking: lsle&n on .To work on, make a mark/bole: gewyrcan on 17.02.0S.06 A painting, picture, reprm:ntadon: meting, tefrung° .A draugbtsnwn, painter: metere, wn"lere .Painted: gemet .To paint, depict: lfegan, Ametan, ltiefran, fegans, (ge)metan .To draw: wrilan 17.03 lmplemmts, tools, etc.: and(ge)IOman, gearwe, gel6ma, getlwu, tol,

get>nec .A tool, imphmcnt, atftwU: gel6ma, ger&l, gesteall, t61

702

17.03.03 A cutting tool .A mrbfw, fn ln+IN•t, mciM: cncft, searo, searoc&p0 P, tem'OCl'lleft .A caned impl u•eat: bOc .An Iron implement: Imi, IrengelOma, Isen, IsemgelOma .Main put of an implement: bodig .Proaaftootla of an implement: tind .A handle: haeft, handle', hielfe ..Loop fonnlna handle of ver1el: sll "?RancUe of ue: siege .ea.mg. ha.....: ean,del>I See 04.02.04.06ff. Agricultural implDnenls

17.03.01 A wheel: hweol .Naveofwbeel: nafepal>I, nafu .Spoke of whee.I: Spica .Rlmlfelly of wheel: fealblfelg .A water wheel: hledbweogl•, hledtrendel' 17.03.o2 Item proTiclfna mpport: .A frame oa nlda to pl11ee 10PW•fna: bedd .A tri•et, tripod: trefet° .A block to hew on: onlaw' .An anvil: anfilte/anfealt .An •zi•, axle-bee: eax, eaxelgespann°P "Cn• pole, from nlda a.,.• ....,. hanp; seglgyrd "1A Hw for ha"llna l u oa: flexlIDC° 17.03.03 A catdna tool: pweaam' .A knife: cnlf, seax ..A dager, knife: cutter .A ruor: scearseax ..For the ulls: ncglscx .Shean, 9d91on: Iscmsc&ure°', scear ..For dotbes: hnegJscf.aroS .A •w: sagu., snid .A chhel: beardlaw• .A tool for worldna done: stlnaex•, stlnbill0 1 ..For dre 1dlll qaerns: cweombill°' .A P'llvina tool: pfscx .A hatchet, ue: adesa, ccs, wudubill ..A lml1d ue: brldcx•, bridllstc•°'

703

17.03.04 Tools for smoothing/scraping/grinding ..A two edged ue: twibil ..A band-ue: hand&xoS ..A pickaxe: mattuc ..A bill, implement for cutting wood: bill

17.03.04 Tools for smoothiq.lscrapinglgrindiog: .A ftle: teol .A metal scraper: eraoa, l!ren screpu .A plane: locors, sceafa .A whetstone: hwet(e)stin .A mortar: mortere, pile ..A pesde: gnidilog, pilst&fO, pilstampe0 S, pilstoccS, piinere0 S, )>wereq .One who pounds a mortar. pilere0 S .To pound In a mortar. (ge)pilian, (ge)portian, (ge)piinian, stempan°

17.03.0S An awl, borer, gimlet, etc.: a:I, byres, lyniboroS, na:febor 0 , nafogir, prodborq .A revolving borer: timborq .?A drill: searopfl0 P 17.03.06 Tools for marking: .A stamping iron: stempingisemS .A branding iron: im, ba:rnisen°S, ceorfingisenoa, mearcise(r}n, tynder 17.03.07 Tools for digging/grasping/pulling: .A spade, shovel: delfisen, fostereog, pilS, scoff, spadu ..A hand spade: handspiteloS ..An iron shovel: isernscoftoS .A harrow: ears, eg)>eS, wealh .A fork, trident: beccaS, force, lytel forca. mattuc ..A pitchfork: forceJ0 S .Pincers: clawu .A crowbar: yppingirenq .A pulley-rope, tow-line: tohlfneS, tyge1° ..A drag-chain: underscyte .A book for pulling: tygehOc0 .A pulley, winch: wince0 S 17.03.08 A hammer, mallet: bfetl, hamor, slecg, slegebytl0 , slic .A small hammer: handbamurog 704

17.03.10.02 A pin, peg, nail 17.03.09 A post, rod, ldck, etc.: beam, gienf, hnmg°P, pill, post. sAgol, sceaft, stef, stocc .A pole: cigelq , spr&>t .A dab, rod: bait°&, telge 17.03.10 Supporta and festenlnp: .A 1trap, thong, tie: te&g, wil>IJe. gewril>°'. wriJ>a ..A band, tie, chain: wrisen°' .A cable, line, rope: line, mirels°', rip, sida, sil, streng, l>ntd ..Uaecl to help, support: helpendrlp0 & .A ildlfully coatrived hand: $mcl>end°P, searobend°P, wundorclam .A ring: hring .A book: clawu, feng, hOc .A bond, damp, daap: feng, srma0 P, (ge)spang ..A joinin1 iron, damp: cimbiren° .A hlnae, pivot: heorr See 03.03.06.01 Whole; 05.05.03 Bind 17.03.10.01 A bolt,lock, bar: loc, Ogengel&, sw~ .A bar forged in the ftre: fYrbend°P, fYrclamm0 P .A bar, bolt: clllse, scyttel(s) ..?A bar/bolt with a strap: lObsceaftO .A stake actin1 u a fastenin1: staca, steng .A fastening, lock: festen, hefting° ..Mipty lock: mihtloc°P .A book, door-futmiq: haca8, bl!Cspe .A lock: cliistor .A key: Cl!g .A aeal: inseg(e)I ..To 1eal ap: mid inseglum beclysan .(Of a pte) stamatheaed with iron: isenhyrst See 04.05.02.12 Doorway; 05.10.05.04.15.01 Bar 17.03.10.02 A pin, pea, nail: negl, pinn, spicung, sprota, sticca .A Unch-pin: lynis' .A deat: cl&>t', cyrfel°' .A wooden pea: dyfelq .An iron nail: negelrsernoa .A knob, button: cnop' .Studded, coveied wltla •lh, etc.: inaegled, (ge)negled 705

17.03.11 Other implements, etc. •To nall: (ge)neglian ..To ull ap, fasten with uDs: imeglian See 04.04.10.02 Button. brooch

17.03.11 Other Implements, etc.: .A pipe, tube: pipe .A tap, splpt: ueppa ..To put a tap lato: taeppian° .A deve: sife ..Stake suppordna sieve: uemespDe0 .A sponge: sponge, spynge .A plumb-line: colJ>n!d', pundeml, pundur, ribt, rihtungJ>red0 •, wealll>rad°•, wihtlnearc• .Gnomou, pointer OD a dial; d&gmeles pinn, sticca ..Pointer OD a PQMlial; daegmetes pn, d&gmeles pinn .Toupe on a bala!!M'e: wegetungeoe 17.03.12 A receptade, container: andfenge, andfengoes, andfengstow 0 , J>ecgeo .A vessel, baa, poach: fetels .A bq, poach: belg, c&>d, codd, feres&:aoC, hwt"lecylleoC, hydsaccq, leJ>ercoddog, ofers&Jn8, pohba. pusa, sacc, sl.am ..A pane: gyrdel, pung8, purs°', ~ .A trouab. tray: trog .To put lato a ve11el: fetelsian° See 04.01.02.02.06.01 ff Food vessel; 04.01.03.05.04ff Drinking vessel; 04.05.04.03 Box 17.03.12.01 A bauet: cawl, cist, cype, fbl>or, leap, lq>ene0 , mand•. spyrte, sticffldder0 , sticutneJ0 1, ~nel, wearpf~t•, wilige, windel .A basket-maker: lypenwyrbtal

17.03.12.02 A potter: croccereq, crocwyrhta, limwyrhtal, pottere .A potsherd, fragment of crock: crocsceard, sceardog, tigel(e) .Macie of day, earthen: cryccen°•, h'emen, scierden°•, tigelenq .(Of pottery) covered with pitch: gepicod° 17.04 Materials: 17.04.01 Soaras of materials: .A chalk-pit, quany: cealccrundel, cealcgraf, cealcpytt. cealcseaJ>, cnmdel 706

17.04.02.07 I.ad .A day-pit: limpytt, lims&l> .A stone-pit: stlngedelf, stlngnef0 , stlnhywet .A sand-pit: sandpytt, sands&I> .A turf-pit: turfgret .A lime-heap: limfiDO .A 1old-mine: gyldenwecg' .An lroa-mhw, iromtone quarry: Isengnef, IsemOre0 ' .A lwl-mine: leadgedelf .A llllt-plt: silteq

...Wtworb: sealtem, sealthils°', wlc ...Site of a lllltworb: sealtemsteaJl0

17.04.02 Oft, unwroa&bt met.J: Ora .A man, lump (of metal): blOma, clympre, wecg 17.04.02.01 Baass: l!r, goldnuestling, gr!ne Ir, mestling .Ba-. bronze: bres .BnRD, ofhaass: l!ren, bresen 17.04.02.02 Copper: coper .Of copper: cypren 17.04.02.03 Gold: gold .Iqot of sold: goldwecg .Of sold: gylden 17.04.02.04 Gypmm, chalt: sp&rstln See 04.05.01.03 Chalk

17.04.02.05 Iron: Iren, Ise(r)n .Of Iron, made of Iron: Iren, Jse(r)n ..Entirely of Iron: eall Iren ..Bard U iron: Irenhcard°P .Steel: stYle -Of steel, bard u steel: stYlen

17.04.02.06 Draa, slag: sinder .Dn. of Iron: isenswit° 17.04.02.07 Lead: lead .Of lwl: leaden

707

17.04.02.08 Silver

17.04.02.08 Silver: seolfor .Of allver: seolfren 17.04.02.09 Tin: tin .Of tin: tinen 17.04.03 Other materials: See 01.01.02.02.01 Rock; 04.05.01.01 Masonry

17.04.03.01 Amber: colhsandl, glers, smelting' 17.04.03.02 Gius: gles .5omethlng made of molten glus: glesgegot0 .Macie of alus: glescn .Vitreous, glusy: glerenq 17.04.83.03 Horn: horn .Of born: hymen .Ivory: elpendbin -Of Ivory: elpendb&nen 17.04.03.04 G«ms (collecti•ely): gimcynn .A aem, predoas stone: corclanslin, corcnanstin, gimcynn, gimm, gimslln, scarogim, sincgim0 P, sincstin°P, slin ..A CIOlltly gem: mil>l>wnsigle0 P ..A wort of art/jewel: wrettP ..Apte, jet: blec gymm, gagllcs, gagitstinoS, sZcl ..Jadntb: iacin(c)tus ..Juper: gcaspis0 ..Pearl: mercgrot(a), perJS -Topaz: baswa slin, carbunculus, topazion, topazius See 04.04.10 Ornaments 17.04.04 Fibrous materials: .Strina for making nets: ncttgem0 ..A mesh of striq: mescrc«, maxi .A network, netting: nett .A pliant twig for b•sket-makln1: wcarp .Woven, intertwined: iwundcn, brogdcn, (ge)wunden Made of rope: riplicoC .Made oftwip: ryplen°1, ~ncn' 708

17.05.01 Fuel, tinder .Like a basket in texture: wiligwise0 .To bind together, weave, plait, net: bindan, (ge)bregdan, fleohtanq,

(ge)windan, ymbwyrcan .To mend (nets): remian .To knit together, mend: gestrician°S See 04.04.04 Thread 17.04.04.01 Oakum, bards, tow: lcumba, iefredaS .Made of bast: biesten° 17.04.04.02 Skin, hide (as material): hyd, leper .A piece of hide: fellstycce0 , }>wang .Made of skins: fellen, hydigS, le}>rens ..Wholly or leather: ealle}>em0 S ..Of gilded leather: goldfellen° ..Made or ermine: hearmascinnen° -Made of grey fur: griscinnen° -Made or marten-skins: mer}>em0

See 02.06.01.06 Hide; 04.04.06 Hide 17.04.04.03 Fleece, pelt: fiht, flie}>q , flies .Wool,down: flies .Goat's hair: gite hitr 17.05 Fuel, fire, lighting:

See 03.01.09.02 Fire 17.05.01 Fuel, tinder: dy)>S, dy}>hamor, fyrf'oda0 S, tynder .Kind of fuel: tyndercynns .Refuse for bumin1: elegreofall

.Bnashwood: gntfe, trus0 .A piece of firewood: scidS .A rick of firewood: scidhreac0 , wudufin •Wood for a funeral ftre: t>Zlwudu0 P .Coal: col ..A heap or coal: colstucq •.A coal-pit (where charcoal made): colpytt ...A charcoal burner: colereq ....Female: colestreq .A flint: flint, fyrstinS 709

17.OS.02 A hearth, fireplace .OOC011Cft11in& ctwrcoa): coli(!

See 03.01.09.02.01.03 S11lphur

17.05.02 A hearth, fireplace: heart> .An oven, kiln: isl. cylen, ofen ..A tile-kiln: tigelaeme0 .A furnace, smelter: bllwere0 .A Breman, stoker: ~ta' .A fire-shovel: tyrpanne&, tyrscoftoS, gl&lscoft8 .A fire-screen: fyrgebeorb0 .Toop: tyrtang°, tang .An oven-rake: tyrneccs, ofenracaS .A trivet, andiron: brandiren°, brandisen8, brandrid8, brandrida8 .Bellows: belg, bledbyligoS, bl&stbelgS ..Smith's bellows: smi~belg

17.05.03 Sources of fire/light: .A torch, firebrand: blaese, blyse, brand, bryne, cen, faecele&, ~aecele .A taper, torch: sceaft, speld, tapor .A lamp, lantern, candle: candel ..A wax candle: weaxcandeJ8 ..A candlestick: candelstaef, candelsticca, leohtisem8 ...A branching candlestick: candeltreowoS -Candle-snuft'en: candelsn)itelsoS, candeltwist8, isentange0 8 .A l•mp, lantern: bl~. ~ccle ..A lamp (veuel): cielle, fyrencylle0 , glaesfaet, leohtfaet, leobtfaetels0 8, leohtstin°1 ..A wick: tapor, weoce ...A wick for a candle: candelbryd°, candelweoce ...A wick of doth: clil>weocc0 8 -.A 1111b wick: risccne weoce

17.05.04 To kindle, set alight (ftre, lamp): at Ian, onatlan, ontendan, slean .To attend to (a ftre), trim (a lamp): (ge)betan -To trim (a lamp): beterian, glengan, ratdan, geregnian .(Of lamp, fire, etc.) to bum, shine: &Ian, (ge)baeman, biernan .To supply with firing: tyrian° .To make provision for lighting: gelibtan .To beat by ftre: (ge)atlan, onatlan, ontendan

710

18.02.02 Play, (athletic) sport

18. Leisure 18 Quid, leisure, rest: emetta .1.elsure: aemethwil, aemtig tid ,One Wbo is at leisure: emetJaOP .Unoccupied. at leisure: emettig .(Of time) free from occupation: ri1m .To be at leJsure: (ge)emtian •To deprive of leisure: un&mtigian°

18.01 Rest, quiet, fleed.i>m from toll: rest .Year of rest from work: restengw 0 .Free from work, disengaged: frCo .Without toil: (ge)swinclw .Without work/ot8ce: inlipe .To flee (oneself) from work, be dlsenpged: (ge)aemtian (fram) .To relinquish work, retire: gesittan .To flee, give leisure to: g~mtian, gerestan 18.02 Amusement, revelry, festivity: mandrealJlP, plega .Revelry in ball: healgamen°P, seledr!amP .SOund of revelry: bencswegOP .An entertainment (e.g. h1mbling, dancing): gamen .Drink-reward (?for ho8pitality/contnct): dryncelean .Eager for entertainment: gliwgeom0 See 08.01.0/.03.07 Mirth 18.02.01 A festival: freols, freolstid .Festival day: edmeldcgO, freolsdcg .Eve of a festival: freolsniht° .Place where festival is held: freolsstow .Anniversary ofa festival: edlllZleoS, edmeltid0 .Festive, festival: freols, freolslic, gildlicq .As a festival: frColslice See 05.1 /.02.01.02 Celebration; 16.02.04.04.02 Feast-day 18.02.02 Play, (athletic) sport: plega .Joyous play, sport: hyhtplegaP, gelegergieldoS ..A merry deed, trick: gl~ P ..A throwing in sport: toswungoS, weorp, wyrp .A game, pastime, divenloa: gamen, gliw 0

711

18.02.02.01 Gaming, playing at dice .A playthln1, lmplemaat for a pme: plega ..A plaything, top: top ..A ball: t>Ol>r .That plays, playing: plegende .To sport, play: gamenian, pleg(i)an, spilian .To play, play (with): pleg(i)an (mid) -To whip (a top): swingan

18.02.02.01 Gamlna, playiaa at dice: ueftung° .A board-pme: t&ft .A pming-board/-table: tabule, t&ft ..A coloured board: bleobord0 P .A pmblin1 stone, die: cyningstln°', ueftsting, teosel .A pmbler, dicer: t&ftere .Givm to dice-playing: t&fte0 P .Quick at throwing dice: hrzduefte0 P .To pmble, pme: t&ft(i)ang -To game/cast lots for parts of something: tOhleotan 18.02.03 A spectade, display: w~fersyn. wifung, webbungg •?Shown off, displayed: wifiende .A triumph: oretJofOg .An amphitheatre, place for spectades: anfiteatra, anfiteatrum0 , plegstOw, wa!ferhiis0 , wa!ferstOw og, wlfungstede', wifungstOw og, wrtegeard&, witehtls .A drcus: hringsetU-set&, trendel .A place for sports, wa estling, etc.: ftitgira, Oretfeld0 g, OretstOw g , plegstallq. plegstede, plegstow, (ge)winnstow See 09.05.05.01 Show 18.02.03.01 A combatant, athlete: oretma:cga, gestryngeq .A gymnosopbist: nacodplegere0 &. nacudwraxlere°', plegere, plegmanng .A female athlete: plegestre0 & .A thrower: weorpere0 P .A boxer: beatere .A dinctor of public pmes: campwisa0 g .A gladiator's net: widnettq .Athletic: pleglic' .To compete: gela!canog 712

18.02.06 Theatricals 18.02.03.01.01 Wratllng, contending, striving: wn!stlung, gewraxlq, wraxlung°g .A waestler: wn!stlere0 g, wn!stliends, wraxlerel! .Oflconceming waestllng: wn!stlicl .That waestles, waesdlng: wraxliende .To waesde: wraxlian 18.02.03.01.02 Racing: zming .A contest, race: geftit, fyrding ..A horse aace; aeming .A race-course: aemeweg, spyrdg .To nm, race: ieman 18.02.04 Dancing: hleapung, plega, sealting°, tumbing0 .A dancer: hl!apere, hoppereq, tumbere ..A female dancer: hl!apestre"i!, hoppestre0 , sealticge0 •That dances: hl!apende .To dance: frician°, hleapan, intrepettan°g, (ge)pleg(i)an, sealtian°, tumbian .Music and dancing: chorgleol 18.02.05 Buffoonery, speech of buffoon/actor: sceawendsprzc0 g .Buffoon's song: sceawendwrse0 P .A buffoon/jester: gliwerel, l!asere, onspillend0 g, sceawere, spilerel, spillend0 g ..A buffoon/player on tnunpet: trii~ ..A female buffoon/jester: scericge0 .A singer in ale-houses: ealuscop .A rope-walker/-dancer: ripgengaq .To play the buffoon: gliwian See 08.01.01.03.07.03 Buffoonery

18.02.06 Theatricals: ~l pleglican plegan .A play: plega ..A comedy: racu ..A tragedy: sirlic sang .A playhouse, theatre: pleghiisg, J>Cater .A stage: wrefersolorg .A dramatist: scop .A player, ador, adaea: broccerel, fae~lq, mima, scrnerel .A cbarader, role: had

.Of a theatre, theatrical: gamenlic, pleglicl, wl!ferlicl 713

18.02.07 Music .To act oat, play, emct~ pleg(i)an

18.02.07 Music: dream, gliw, sOD .A kind of mmic: glrwcynnq Maskal entertainmmt: gliwgamen° .Musid•n's art: dreamcneft, sangcneft, sancneft&, swegcneft, swinsungcneftOS .P1euure aused by music: glrwdream0 P Melocly,sweetoc11 of sound: myrgnesoa, myrgj>, swegbleo)>orP, swegl, sweglrld0 P, sweglwundor 0 P, geswin°P, swin', swinsung, swinsweg°S, wise .United voice, harmony: efenhleo)>or0 P, efenbleoJ>rungoS, samodgieddung' Music and d•nci"I: chorgleo& .Fair, melodious: fzger, myrge, smij>e, smicer, swete, swetswege°', wel swegende, wet>e .aear, melodious: freabeorht, scir, torht .Harmonious, melodious: inswege0 &, dreamlic', (ge)dryme, gedrymed, efen, gliwhleoj>riendlic°', gehleot>or. samswege0 ' , (ge)swege .Harmonious, rhythmic: (ge)t&lsum' ,Solemn, stately: swJl>swege', swJl>swOge0 ' .Discordant: ungedryme0 , ungehleot>orq, ungerid, ungeswege' .Sweetly, harmoniously: fzgere, myrige, myriglice, smicere, werodlice .aearly: scirc, torhte .To make melody: swinsian .To sing together: efenhleoj>rian° See 02.05.10.13 Musical sound; 02.05.10.15.07 Birdsong; 16.02.04.03.03 Churr:h mu.sic 18.02.07.01 Singing, song: dreamnes°', hleot>or, sang, sangdream0 ' .Constant singing: ongalnes' .SOng: leoj>sang, wOj>, wOj>song°P .Art of song: leol>crzft, wOl>crzftP .Skill in singing: rcordgleawnes°' .A modulation: ridq, wrenc .A singer: zftersingend°', midsingend0 ' , sangere, wOj>bora ..A fem•le singer: sangestre .Singable: singendlic' .(Of voice) sonorous: bymende .With a good voice: welgestemned0 .To sing (a song): isingan, dryman, ll!dan, sang secgan, (ge)singan 714

18.02.07.02.02 Wind instruments

.To sins, chant: igalan, (ge)galan, (ge)singan .To sin& In full: full singan .To sins to Instrumental accompaniment: orgnian°, undersingan° -To play •nd sin& to harp: salletan°P See 09.03.05.01.01 Poetry; 16.02.03.02.13 Church singer; 16.02.05.10.04 Choir boolc 18.02.07.01.01 A IODI• a poem to be mng or recited: galdor, giedd, hleoJ>orcwideP, leol>. leol>giddingP, organ, sang .A 10D1book: sangbOc .A harmony, hymn: hleol>rung .An evening sona: efenleot>P .A 80lll of pnw: hercspeJ0 P, herigendsang°&, berung, lofsang .A joyous song: wynsang° .A glorious sooa: wuldorsang° .A song of triumph: sigeleot>P .A noble sona: dryhtleol>0 P .A rowers' song: s&leopog .A mysterious song: leol>uriin°P .A song inspiring terror: gryrcleot>P .A reward for a song: wordlean°P See 13.02.07.03 War song; 16.02.04.03.03.01 Hymn 18.02.07.02 A musical instrument: gliwbeam, organe(-a), orgeleq, sweg .sound of a musical lnstnunent: organdreaJD&, orgeldream', stefn, sweg .Art of playina an Instrument: gliwcr&ftO .An instrumentalist: drWnere0 , glrwiend, glfwman -A female instnunentalist: gliwbydenestrc0 B, glf~ns, organystrc0 .Musical: piplicB .To play (an Instrument): gliwian, llican, pleg(i)an, (ge)singan be/mid 18.02.07.02.01 Perc11ssion instruments: .Cymbal: cimbal -Player: cimbalglfwere .Timbre.I: hylsung°&, timpana, wilheaq>e0 B ..Female player: timpestre0 B .A clnam: tunnebotm0 B See 02.05.10.13 Bell; 16.02.05.05.02 Church bell 18.02.07.02.02 Wind instruments: 715

18.02.07.02.02.01 Pipe/flute 18.02.07.02.02.01 Pipe/lute: hwistle', pipe, sangpipe0 S .Act of playing on a pipe/lute: hwistlung .Player: hreodpipere0 S, hwistlere, pipere .8ound of pipelftute: pipdream0 S .To pipe: pipian° 18.02.07.02.02.02 A tnunpet: bieme, bl~om, blzshom0 , horn. sarga. stocc, sweglhomS, tlill>hom .A heavenly tnunpet: heofonbyme0 P .A war tnunpet: feohtehom0 P, gul>hom0 P, herebyme. herehom0 S ..Trumpet sounded after victory: sigebyme0 P .A ship's trumpet: scipbyme0 S .Act of blowing a tnunpet: bliwung .A tnunpeter: bymere', bymesangere0 s, hombliwere, hombora .8ound, noise of a bom/tnunpet: galdor, hleol>rung, gereord .That blows, tnunpeting: bliwende, hludstefneoS .To sound, blow (a horn, tnunpet): ij>eotan°S, (ge)bliwan .To blow, make a sound with (a trumpet): bliwan mid, bymian mid/of .To call, sound: (ge)bliwan, galan 18.02.07.02.03 Stringed instnunents: .A string: sncrP, strcng ..A harp-string: hearpestrcng0 .?Wood to which strings att fixed: hearpan stalu .A plectrum: nscgl, sceacol, siege, slegeloS ..For a harp: hearpenscgel, hearpslege' .Having (so many) strings: teowerstrcnge0 , tienstrenge, tienstrengedS, twistrenge0 , l>ristrcnge0 .(Of playing a stringed instrument) lyric: hearplicS .To pluck (the strings): niomian 18.02.07.02.03.01 A harp, lytt: citere', gamenwuduP, hearpe .Act of playing the harp: hearpslege', hearpung .A harpist: hearpere ..A female harpist: hearpestre' .8ound of the harp: hearpswcgs, sang .To play a harp: gretan, hearpian, sealmianS, slean, styrian, geteon, wrrestan 18.02.07.02.03.02 Psaltery: saltere, sealmfsct0 P, sealmgligs 18.02.07.02.03.03 A fiddle: fil>eleoS .A fiddler: fil>elere •.A female fiddler: fil>elestrc0 716

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