Third Session of the Fifth KwaZulu Legislative Assembly. Policy Speech

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THIRD SESSION OF THE FIFTH

KWAZULU

LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY

II I ,

SO

NQ

E

OB

A SIMUNY

POLICY

SPEECH

BY DR .

MANGOSUTHU

G

BUTHELEZI

CHIEF MINISTER OF KWAZULU

MARCH 1991

DOCUMENTS

04984560

THIRD SESSION OF THE FIFTH KWAZULU LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY

POLICY BY THE

SPEECH

CHIEF MINISTER

MARCH 1991

Mr.

Speaker ,

Honourable

Members ,

no

session

of

any

KwaZulu

Assembly has ever opened in circumstances which are at Legislative once more difficult , more promising , more threatening and more conducive to South Africa making radical transitions than this year's Assembly . Events have thrust South African politics out on to the unchartered open oceans of politics . Everything known about politics in the past is being transformed . All the political forces at play in South Africa are undergoing some historic metamorphosis and we open this session in the circumstances in which it will be a case of God help those who do not help themselves .

Nobody is going to be nurtured through the process of change and the politics of negotiation to which we are now gravitating with increasing momentum . Nobody out there in the whole wide political spectrum of South Africa is going to nurse the KwaZulu Legislative Assembly through this transitionary period . Nobody is going to even ask whether the KwaZulu Government and this Legislative Assembly necessary are going to be future . in the May be to everything that we are at present , everything that we promise become , design may be scrapped in some kind of grand new South Africa unless we fend for ourselves .

If you look back at every statement made by South African political leaders and if you look at every statement made by any political South African Party and you read all the statements made by the Government , you will find no debate about the value of KwaZulu to the negotiating process , or to the new South Africa . We ourselves and have to decide our own future in the new South Africa we ourselves have to negotiations to make charter a course into whatever positive

Mr. Speaker , stocktaking . we are doing .

contribution we

can make .

Honourable this Members , really is the time for We must stop now and think about who we are and what

rejected have We with KwaZulu of scrapping the calls for the contempt , We do , however , simply because to us it is unthinkable . We have to examine have to do more than respond with gut feelings . We have to make quite our own motives in responding the way we do . sure that we are not simply responding emotively and we must make quite sure that if there is a KwaZulu contribution to be made and defended , state our sure to be able to be must we then case

2

clearly , convincingly and powerfully enough to of others .

This

year

of

1991

will be

a continuation

of

command the

1990

which

respect

was

the

beginning of a two - year period of watershed events in South Africa . must bring the whole year ahead into focus and charter a course We through the events we anticipate will happen this year so that at all times we are master of our own destiny . A cork that is hurtled around on stormy no storms abate .

I

use

that

seas

changes

image because

no patterns

for me

it

of the

generates

universe

and makes

politically

the

powerful statement that KwaZulu is going to be nobody's flotsam and jetsam in the sea of politics .

political

KwaZulu has a sense of identity and a sense of purpose which across the world can only be found in the products of history . We must now, pause take stock and see what kind of an entity KwaZulu is We must pause which history has bequeathed to South Africa . and stock its take and of KwaZulu's attributes , strengths its weaknesses . We must pause to come to a final assessment about the role that we are going to play .

One can say not to be . "

in Shakespearian terms that this is a year of " to be Let us therefore quietly look at what we are .

or

I would like to advance the thought that the KwaZulu Legislative Had it not Assembly is the political persona of the Zulu nation . been for the extent to which apartheid sullied the name of KwaZulu by attempting to use KwaZulu as a structure in previous National Party Government's homeland policy , the KwaZulu Legislative Assembly would have proudly housed members from various political Parties .

of this Assembly

drawn

The KwaZulu Legislative Assembly stands apart from Party politics . It is a structure in its own right . It is a second tier level of government structure . Any Zulu could be very proud to serve in it , affiliations . Inkatha regardless of his or her own political Freedom Party's political enemies , and my own political enemies , have the attempted to thrash KwaZulu simply because they realise KwaZulu extent to which the KwaZulu Legislative Assembly and the Government give content and clout to what Inkatha Freedom Party is and does .

We

must never allow ourselves

to be drummed

out

of correct

normal

perceptions of politics around us . I do not care what structures are we talking about in other countries British House of Commons , German American the the House of Representatives , Bundestag , any or legislative structure anywhere in the world talk about them , you are talking about legislative when you structures that give content and power to the members or the Legislature who sit in them .

of Parliament

3 things gets of Parliament is a somebody - a person who Member A and respected A Member of Parliament is the people . for done MP's play a vital however many jokes there are about politicians , redemocracy and shaping and are in the forefront of in role shaping the destinies of countries .

The KwaZulu Legislative Assembly has LA members who perform just as any as just proudly with as much clout and political presence any second tier level of Government anywhere in the members of world .

at If you look the South situation African even Provincial Administrators drive around with pennants on their cars , chauffeurdriven and outrider - escorted . They are respected persons who have direct access to the Head of State and orchestrate the responsibilities which actually give content to the lives the of people in the Province - health , education , roads and a myriad of other things .

We in the KwaZulu Legislative Assembly are at least this much in terms of role and importance . hideousness It is the past of propaganda against Inkatha Freedom Party and KwaZulu that has attempted

Mr. and

to

drag KwaZulu

into

terrible

disrepute .

Speaker , Honourable Members , we stand tall in what we look down at these attempts to pretend KwaZulu is

parcel

are doing part and

of apartheid with utter contempt .

The first thing , Mr. Speaker , Honourable Members , then in assessing is to who we are in this House and what this House is , recognise Government that the KwaZulu Legislative Assembly and the KwaZulu have given Inkatha

Freedom Party actual

Party political

content .

Bluntly put , simply put , politics is about the wielding of power on behalf of the people . Inkatha Freedom Party has had the power to totally control the KwaZulu Legislative Assembly . why we are being attacked so viciously .

Speaker , Mr. revolutionaries

Honourable and others

Members , it could not see

That

is actually

not is that my fault further than their noses

and could not perceive the emerging reality around us now that life has to go on while we struggle to finally establish democracy in our country . Schools have to be run , hospitals have to be administered , health and welfare services have to be provided . These and more things had to be provided while we apartheid and struggled to establish a democracy .

We

struggled against

are being terribly aware of how hideous the are disparities between Government expenditure on White South Africans and on Black South Africans . We have been terribly aware how hamstrung we have been in providing essential services and health and education to

4

KwaZulu because the Government fair share of the fiscus .

We

had to make do with pittances

did

not

give

Black South Africa

in meeting the people's

a

demands .

We burn with indignation at the over- crowding in our schools and at lack of books and equipment . the We burn with indignation at the indignation with lack of teacher training facilities . We burn because in every aspect of government there has just not been enough money to meet

the people's needs .

Mr. Speaker , Honourable Members , however true this is , we actually stand very tall in our pride that nobody could have done better with the miserable allocations which central Government has made to KwaZulu . We have at times in the past actually been punished by our having budget severely pruned because we did not toe the government line .

Mr. Speaker , Honourable Members , it is We fought a valiant fight . not my fault that revolutionaries and others could not see that the will remain is and important Assembly Legislative KwaZulu the on out missed not my fault that they is is it and important , against fight the in of joining opportunity historic apartheid against which we have waged from within this Assembly .

It is not my fault that Inkatha Freedom party is the only political Party represented in the KwaZulu Legislative Assembly . The fielded KwaZulu Government is democratic . Anybody could have candidates in any one of our elections . I would stand down happily in as the Legislative Member for Mahlabathini to go to the people competition with any other Party's candidate to see whom the people endorsed . I would do this quite happily . It is not my fault that such a candidate would not do so because his Party would not allow the

ignominy

of his

defeat .

Across the length and breadth of KwaZulu the people support as the Freedom Party the Party of their choice for

Inkatha KwaZulu

Legislative Assembly . However frustrated they are by the lack of needs , money that the KwaZulu Government has to see to their they know we have fought apartheid and they know we have fought for the kind

of

equality

in politics

and

in economics which they want .

Honourable Members , in pausing to take stock of what Speaker , Mr. first we must the KwaZulu Legislative Assembly is and who we are , all see the Legislative Assembly as a second tier of government of members content and power to Party politics and making the giving the of es shaping somebodi the in , Mr. Speaker House , this of destiny of KwaZulu and South Africa .

We

are quite

determined to continue

in our powerful

resistance

to

the politics that wants to destroy the KwaZulu Legislative Assembly We will not and make swearwords out of our dedication and valour . be drummed out of political influence and power for the people in doing what

can be done

for them while we

struggle

for democracy .

5

Dr. well

F.W. equally Mandela himself knows - and Mr. de Klerk knows had Inkatha Freedom Party that had I not led the way I led ,

not marched out to thrash government apartheid policies and had the KwaZulu Legislative Assembly been abandoned to those less powerful , where politically speaking we would be a million miles away from South Africa is today .

While my friend Dr. Piet Koornhof was Minister of Co - operation and Development P.W. Botha , under Mr. he earnestly and repeatedly for implored me to accept the Government's quasi - type independence KwaZulu . He argued that with the Transkei , Bophuthatswana , Venda and Ciskei having accepted so - called independence , the South achieving bordering was African Government on a confederal structure in which there would be the powerfully entrenched central white State with black satellite States revolving around it . All there it needed for this situation to be turned into one in which would be ' real politik ' was for KwaZulu to join in with the TBVC regions .

Afrikanerdom , TBVC regions plus KwaZulu and supported by would South Africans who support the Government , English- speaking been have created a political set in South Africa which could have The

defended against

all - comers

for as

far as one

could

see ahead .

It was KwaZulu's refusal to oblige the Government by putting it in to a position of power beyond reach of opposition that finally led the Government to being abandoned and led policy homeland the necessarily having to opt

for reform .

Dr. Mandela actually knows this . If KwaZulu had not done what it did do to oppose apartheid , Dr. Mandela would have been released or if he was released - to go and live in some foreign place to fight role

in the bush . His role , the role of Mr. de Klerk now , This is the level has been made possible by KwaZulu .

and my of our

contribution to politics .

Yet there are some who argue that the political structure which has done any as much as any other organisation , or any other body or in other instance to bring about this situation of flux and change must simply South African politics that we now have , be thrown away .

Something which has made the kind of contribution that KwaZulu has actions made in the past is more than the sum total of the involved . KwaZulu exists now to make solid contributions as it existed in the past to make the contributions that it has made in the past . It is a something of powerful political probabilities for the new South Africa . If we are capable of making the vast contribution that we made in the past , we are capable of making a Honourable Members , Mr. new contribution now . Speaker , that is what we shall do .

6

In pausing to consider who we are at this juncture of South African feeling history and pausing to ask whether our immediate gut to resist calls for the disbanding of KwaZulu , and to meet the expectations of some that we will have to abandon KwaZulu in order to go to the negotiating chamber , we must pause to consider circumstances whether past power has any relevance in the changing which we now face .

You the

know that when a bee stings you and the sting remains behind , bee dies . Is the massive contribution that KwaZulu has made

in bringing about a situation of political fluidity in South Africa today the a final act which will lead to death like the sting of bee leads to the death of the bee ?

in Or is the KwaZulu Legislative Assembly now more powerfully position to make a new contribution because it learnt how to do so in the past , has practised making contributions and has generated the lines of influence and command which actually enables us to direct people

I

and to make

believe that the

politics

on the ground among the people .

experience we have

gathered

in our members

and

officers of the KwaZulu Legislative Assembly , will be needed in the We shaping of the new South Africa . We know how to deliberate . know how to come to conclusions . We know how to weigh up before we act . We know how to put deed to word and as important as anything else , we know how then to pause to make assessments and adjustments keep go we of before on to decide and to act and to abreast changing

times .

Collectively which we have generated the kind of political acumen KwaZulu has done more than has been proactive with great success . KwaZulu has kept alive block things , it has done more than say no . the spirit of democracy and as important as anything else , has kept alive faith that negotiation can actually work .

Mr. Speaker , Honourable Members , there were the devastating events There June followed . was the of 1976 and the events that 16 rise militant street power seeking politics protest of in

you " confrontation . There was a great deal of " I am greater than who postured and blustered and who were camera - paraded and leaders media -paraded into

national

and

international

prominence .

Steve Biko , Mr. God rest that man's soul , and his colleagues were the really actually totally convinced that the Government was on run and at the end of 1977 they were talking about the Government falling before the end of 1978. They actually believed this . They actually believed that street corner mobilisation and action mob the could bring about the fall of the most powerful government on continent of Africa .

There was , of course , the Government as it banned

final crushing blows of the South African organisations and rounded up hundreds of

7

leaders and threw them into jail . that The Government at point acted with awesome power in the hideous display of jack - boot politics . Political Black South Africa was devastated . Across the world governments and observers were appalled at how hopeless the South African situation looked . There was for revolution and the armed struggle .

a great

surge and

cry

There was renewed argument across the world that apartheid could not be reformed and had to be destroyed in violence . At home the South African Government of the time strutted in its arrogance and you had those kind of people in the Cabinet who showed absolutely no remorse at Steve Biko's tragic death . Remember the statement by the then Minister of Justice Mr. Jimmy Kruger , that Steve Biko's death left him cold . Mr. John Vorster was seen as all - powerful and non-violent lost cause .

opposition to

apartheid

in South Africa was

seen as

a

Black the of After Government's 1977 action and the devastation there was another of those militant politics by the end of 1978 , It was The going got very tough . deep vacuums in Black politics . that It was then that I decided that the tough got going . then something just had to be done to rally the people around nonviolent democratic opposition ideals by giving them tangible proof that

negotiations

can succeed .

I called the Buthelezi Commission into being in this darkest of 20th century South African politics . It was KwaZulu that

hour made

this possible . The Commission sat , it worked and the labours in it finally produced a two - volume Buthelezi Commission report . Negotiation triumphed and we showed that in grappling with the things that really mattered , and in tackling the really fundamental problems of South Africa , we could generate South African consensus across an astounding range of Party political divisions .

KwaZulu , Mr. Speaker , Honourable Members , was more than an entity that blocked and said no . We went out proactively to salvage faith in negotiations . We did this in the Buthelezi Commission .

Very importantly , Mr. Speaker , Honourable Members , we did more in the Buthelezi Commission than produce two Reports which would lie amongst other reports on shelves . We produced two reports which were bases for action and we acted .

Having produced the Reports , we in the KwaZulu Legislative Assembly began on a long , hard line of negotiation with the then Natal Provincial Administration . We negotiated the Joint Executive Authority into existence . We showed that not only could we think way through the labyrinth of issues and conflicts to produce our but we the consensus report in the Buthelezi Commission , showed also that we could negotiate settlements that could be put into practise .

8

Mark my words , Mr. Speaker , Honourable Members , the more time that passes in South Africa , the more it will become apparent that the Buthelezi Commission documents , reports are fundamental highly relevant to the whole process of negotiation and the whole process of normalising South Africa as a modern , Western - type , multi - Party democracy . The Buthelezi Commission reports have yet to come into their own . They will do so .

Mr. Already in the early 80's what we in this House did , Speaker , Honourable Members , began foreshadowing the events of 1990 and 1991. We showed negotiation could work . We showed that models of power- sharing were feasible for South Africa and we began course the which Government spokesmen in the South Parliament last week endorsed as historically important providing possible South Africa .

patterns

for break - throughs

setting African and as of across the whole

fact ignored by The that we were maligned , cold - shouldered and by Cabinet Ministers and the the Government when we produced Buthelezi Commission Report did not deter us . While others were chickening out , getting out of the kitchen because it was too hot , or pooh - poohing what we were doing from the far right as well as from the far left , doing it .

we

had

faith in what we were doing and

continued

While street corner politics was floundering to regenerate protest on getting we were and to generate militancy in politics , power was In the early 80's there the politics that would last . with were again We politics . again to militancy in Black surge a radical of the building up of some kind to witness opposition which yet again it would be claimed that in crescendo the South African Government was on the run .

Speaker , Honourable Members , Mr. in the 1982 , 83 , 84 period ANC broadcasts from Radio Freedom in Addis Ababa and other places were bands , arm to actually military exhorting Blacks form to themselves , to go out and spread violence and to destroy factories . And Radio Freedom was promising Black South Africans that the was nearly struggle over and saying that the South African Government was

on the

run -

echoes

of 1977/78 .

While these mad excursions into political fantasy costing Black South Africans their lives and their

were limbs ,

actually

we went on as a KwaZulu Legislative Assembly to negotiate , to negotiate and to negotiate again . We brought the KwaZulu/ Natal Indaba into existence at the height of rising militancy in the first half of the 1980's . Again , we showed the extent to which we could grapple with the fundamental problems of South Africa and rise to occasions to produce consensus reports .

finally The KwaZulu / Natal Indaba constitutional proposals were tabled . While the Government of the time rejected them with contempt because they contained majoritarian principles which were totally unacceptable to it , we knew - like the Buthelezi Commission

9

Reports

- that the

constitutional

proposals

of

the

KwaZulu/Natal

Indaba would in due course be tabled to play an important formative role in shaping third and second tier levels of government and in shaping the relationship between first and second tier levels of government .

We in this House endorsed the constitutional recommendations of the obviously Quite KwaZulu/Natal Indaba in principle . the which KwaZulu/ Natal Indaba could only produce models around we could build the constitutional realities of the future for second to tier government . Political Parties will have to come together examine these constitutional proposals in the light of today's That will yet politics and in the light of today's opportunities . happen .

And

another thing ,

Mr. Speaker , Honourable Members . While the whole world was floundering around not being able to stop the South African Government in its onwards march , we were powerful enough as a Legislative Assembly in this part of South Africa to say an absolute no to the Government's Regional Services Council proposals . Not Mr. only , Speaker , we did forge own our models of constitutional development for this region of South Africa when others judged that this just could not be done , but in doing so we generated the kind of power bases from which we could successfully ward off Mr. P.W. Botha's then desperate attempt to give practical content to his Tricameral parliamentary system by making us party to its extension to KwaZulu/ Natal in the form of Regional Services Councils .

mind , that SO to things these Speaker , bringing the KwaZulu that me when I say follow can Members political acumen has developed the kind of Assembly Legislative come . to will be sorely needed in negotiation politics yet which finality . is There of this House has not been done to job The powe the have the have we , r We . do to Hous this e still a job for Do it political presence and we have the political clout to do it . we will . am , Mr. I Honourable

I want to make another point , Mr. Speaker , Honourable Members . If I did not have the backing of the KwaZulu Legislative Assembly , and was if the KwaZulu Legislative Assembly not a second tier in which government level political arena we could generate political power to oppose the Government , I not have had the backing that gave clout Government that political

prisoners be

as a black leader would the demands to my of

released .

Quite clearly even in the hey -day of Mr.

P.W.

Botha's

Tricameral

Parliament dreaming he was aware that the tough job of negotiating still with Blacks about the constitutional future of South Africa lay ahead . He desperately attempted to mount political offences in this direction by establishing a Special Cabinet Committee it failed , later on the Non - Statutory Negotiating Forum .

and when

10

I

said

quite

simply

that

I would not

become

involved

in

any

negotiations about the constitutional future of South Africa unless Dr. Nelson Mandela was released . A somebody else could have said the same thing , and many somebody elses did say the same thing . What I said , however , had clout because I was at the helm of the KwaZulu Legislative Assembly which was a political something of What is more , consequence . I demanded the release of Dr. Mandela the many years ago when many people were scared even of mentioning when Mr. of " Mandela " , Vorster was Prime Minister of South name Africa .

Mandela and other political prisoners actually owe the KwaZulu Legislative Assembly a great debt in this regard . Dr. Mandela has said

this many times ,

publicly

and to me

as well .

Members , Mr. I am now going to digress , Speaker Honourable in making fundamental reassessments and taking real stock as we are we now doing about who we are and what we are and in deciding what have to contribute to the future , we have to look at things from many different reasoning by threads

points of view . I must digress from my main line of leadership pausing to look at the personality and run through the last decade and a half's politics .

that

In the mid to late 70's , there was SASO , there there was BPC and was Inkatha Freedom Party , then Inkatha yeNkululeko yeSizwe . Between us we monopolised virtually the whole of opposition leadership political wanted to beginning

in South Africa . In those days , political activists and leaders would not have known who to talk they to if a talk to the ANC in South Africa . Nobody even had in any search for an ANC leader

inside

South Africa .

At the height of protest politics after 1976 , it is on record that Steve Biko sent word to me that if I would lead in protest politics , he and everybody else would follow me . It is on record ANC's that Mr. Oliver Tambo sent messages to me saying that the was National Executive appreciated what I was doing , and that he arguing to the NEC that not one I was doing if they were thrust

of them could have done better than into my position .

must Oliver Tambo was sending messages to me that I In fact , Mr. the my strength and develop middle - rung leadership which preserve ANC had not done and not rock the boat so much that the Government the Mr. Tambo took have the opportunity of scuttling it . would in that thought he say to 1971 in Malawi in me with meet to trouble my attacks on the South African Government , I was " rocking the boat He said that if Government action was taken against far too much . " Africa what would Black people in South as seemed inevitable , me do ,

as he put

it ,

" because

Nelson was

in jail . "

the Those were the days before the Allan Boesaks of this world and In looking at Tutus of this world came into political prominence . and leadership threads which run through the last decade the a half ,

there

are very

few threads

that

actually remained

intact .

11

One the

of the powers of Inkatha Freedom Party and one of the powers of them KwaZulu Legislative Assembly is that they between have

developed leadership , given continuity to growth paths for leaders .

leadership and provided

the leaders that we have produced In the politics that is to come , The more from our side will have to meet leaders from other sides . the , leaders meeting leaders into brought be can that continuity better the future is going to be .

When you think about leaders , you think not only about leaders but also about personalities that have helped structure leadership and nurture leadership .

Mr. Speaker , Honourable Members , when we as leaders meet each other in the negotiating process , the more at ease we are with each other and the more easily we will be able to negotiate . Negotiations are in an not going to be competitive in the sense of taking place arena where negotiations will decide the who's who of political South Africa .

to are not going to be the forum for political Party Negotiations consensus be Party . Negotiations will have to political crush which common ground and building up on that seeking negotiations leaders have in common between them .

Personal

relationships between

leaders

are therefore

important .

I

am pausing , Mr. Speaker , to digress in my main line of argument to make this point and to say that we as an Assembly have unfinished business in this regard .

Speaker , Honourable Members , the circumstances Mr. Bring to mind , for example , Dr. Beyers Naude turned away from being my in which , to had and confidante and lent everything that he was and friend As an old friend , I asked the politics that sought my destruction . us to come to the KwaZulu Legislative Assembly and to address him the differences of opinion that were taking him out of range about of our

friendship .

Should we not , politics 1991

Mr.

Speaker , Honourable Members , Beyers Naude has to hear what Dr.

now pause in our this at to say

I have in the past invited Mr. juncture of South African history ? his Archie Gumede to come to this House to address members here on KwaZulu/ Natal . in the politics of conflict and violence of view Should we not again , I in our 1991 politics to

Speaker , ask Mr. invite Mr. Gumede

Honourable Members , into our midst ?

pause

Should we not say to people like Mr. Harry Gwala that the politics lieutenants . of tomorrow is going to demand that he talks with my

12

Should try to

we not

invite

Should we

him into a discourse ?

and persuade him that the politics straight on rely heavily very

relationships between those

really

not

going seeking consensus is interpersonal honest and

involved?

Should we not actually develop , Mr. Speaker , roster of whole people we will invite to

Honourable Members , a address KwaZulu the

Legislative Assembly this session ? We could even think of inviting Archbishop Tutu to address us and to explain to us how he actually thinks he can be an honest broker and mediate in Black political when conflicts of he does so in the shadow of his litany whole support

for the ANC?

to talk as South Africans in this hour of South need We Africa's opportunity to actually get negotiations off the historic ground ? consider to We always wanted have always been open . doors Our more are decisions so that our own view of point everybody's There is not something like an Old Boys ' Club of 1970's informed . actually is not a venue where black leaders can There Politics . as g do to are goin t ing they what abou ther talk in toge get run e dry to no will be ther act ors not , do we tiat If the . nego negotiating set - up .

like actually calls on people History have changed . Times Dr. through talk to with us and here to stand Naude Beyers the many I have difficulties that kept him away from us in the past . us kept which enmity of years The . ANC the in friends personal each to talk now could we and end could now be brought to an apart bring other about our respective views of what needs to be done to about the new South Africa .

Speaker , Honourable I Members , it will really be important believe to pause at times during the course of this year to look at the human factor and to make genuine offers of opening_up human discourse on sticky political issues . It does not really matter whether all or even some of those we approach cannot bring Mr.

themselves to come and talk with us . give them the opportunity to do so .

There is a new South Africa . people are dying hideously

It

matters ,

however ,

Right now, right now, because of political

that

we

I emphasise , differences .

People are actually being burnt alive , they are being chopped up , they are being stabbed and hacked to pieces because of differences in political outlook . This is hideously wrong . It is insane , it is criminal and it must be brought to an end .

The

basis

of

the

kind

of hideous

enmity

which

is

now

begin

evidenced in killings and counter - killings was actually laid by the them am talking about and it is now that we must say to I people the let us put come my sister , come my brother , at a time , one poison away ,

let

us

talk ,

let us

normalise

relationships .

13

I ask you as members of the Assembly to debate whether I in seeing this need to make this kind of contribution to the

hideous hands

of violence ,

am right stilling

and quietening the anger of hatred .

There is a vast amount of work to be done in South Africa's body politic to infuse in it the spirit of forgiveness on which we can build powerful forces of reconciliation . We simply have to attend to the question of bringing about reconciliation in this country sufficient to produce normalised politics . If we do not succeed in so , doing negotiations will turn into venues in which strident hatred

spills over to destroy consensus .

We should , We must at least I believe make the offer . I believe , be prepared to play host to those who differ with us in ways which whether , have given rise to hideous violence . It does not matter Dr. example , for in Black Beyers Naude intended to take sides politics in such a way that Inkatha Freedom Party members were Intended or not , the slaughtering is in actually slaughtered . he part the consequence of the kind of thing Dr. Beyers did when turned his back on us .

There are also other sons of Africa like Archbishop Denis Hurley who believe we should host at this I years KwaZulu Legislative Assembly sitting . We could actually think about names and lists and we could actually mount diplomatic initiatives in which we to succeed in bringing people of past and present influence here talk to us . First , however , let us decide the principle of what I am saying . Let us decide whether my call for the spirit of forgiveness demands that we in this House at least do this much to turn killing into talking .

In addition to Archbishop Hurley , there are people like the Colin Eglin's of this world , the Helen Suzman's of this world , the Zac de Beer's of this world , there are the Ainslie's , the van Eck's and others . I am not implying that all these people are necessarily of the same ilk .

Honourable Members , Mr. Speaker , I come back to my main line of - arguing the merit of a continued KwaZulu in- put in argument the shaping of the new South Africa .

Another very important line of thought , Mr. Speaker , Honourable Members , is that which examines the nature of the negotiating process . There are thinking two vastly different approaches to about negotiations . There are those who think only of some kind of one - off Lancaster House - type final forum where things are debated , and decided acted on . There are those like myself who say that there will be no such one - off final constitution - forming event in South Africa . There are those who like me say that negotiation will have to become a process in which we become reconciled , search for common ground and implement change by demanding its legislation into existence to make continued and even spectacular progress in moving from apartheid society to a modern democracy .

14

Conference . There just will not be a Lancaster House - type That and in any event , would be totally un - South African , that kind of Conference only follows in the wake of situations in which the victors have

emerged prepared to talk to the vanquished .

There are no victors , there are no vanquished . There is only a great epoch - making South African preparedness to turn aside from side common ground to violence this of disaster to seek and establish a new South Africa together .

I see it as terribly dangerous for South Africans to think in terms We must of political or constitutional leaps into the darkness . next know what we are doing from day to day . We must have each step clearly in sight and in focus before we take it . We must from the known to that which we make known as the next step . must move with certainty and we must be secure in what we

move We are

doing .

right it cannot emphasise enough that we will just have to get the first time have succeed in do it . We will just establishing of a consensus constitution under which the majority across people different political camps will be prepared to be the under are governed way they going E to be ed new ern gov H G BARW constitution .

wrong , we get If it historically important democratic hopes will

handling bugger - up if we make a of the democracy , transition from apartheid to If receive crushing defeats . we do it

exactly right , if we do it purposefully , surely and in considered and constrained haste to do what has to be done in the time that history will allow us to do it , we may just succeed in giving ourselves a fighting chance not only to establish a democracy but to make it work thereafter .

I

just will

not

under any circumstances

situation in which I negotiating chamber

agree to be thrust into

am hemmed in , or cloistered so to speak , that having to produce a constitution

a

a in the

is people will accept . The day of Party political dictation it is gone . The only thing that will finished it is done with , the give rise to lasting democracy is a people's involvement in negotiating process .

are a number of issues which we will have to look at in There our we One of these is the form of representation negotiating process . system . are going to give to people in a universal adult franchise Everybody demented and meeting age requirements shall vote not The that is the first requirement of a democracy that lies ahead . question of how they should vote , and how the votes can be arranged correct how and preferences and political choices , indicate to

choosing at the polls can be translated into a government in action for the benefit of the people , contain complex considerations .

15

example - the possibility ,

Honourable Members , just to take one Mr. Speaker , There is some issue of proportional representation .

and even probability , of political Parties at the negotiating table eventually adopting one or another system of proportional - Black , representation . You go out now and ask ordinary people - what White , Indian and Coloured proportional representation actually means , you would probably get you asked the question .

a different

answer each time

If there is going to be proportional representation there must be a and lot of too - ing and fro - ing between the negotiation table the The Africa . myriad different constituencies there are in South public will want to feel its way into saying yea or nay . I will not be drummed into negotiating situations in which I and others sit down behind closed doors and emerge to produce fait accomplis for the people .

means We must make the people party to negotiated changes . This for me which the that negotiation must become a process in negotiating Parties achieve support for what is being negotiated to the extent that support amounts to wide public endorsement .

You will not be able to achieve this kind of consensus gathering as of negotiations proceed if you chop things off and have some kind exactly total dislocation of politics from the people . That is what a Constituent Assembly leading to an Interim Government to which the South African Government hands

over power ,

will

lead to .

We say no . Parties must Political now get together with of representatives political structures which now exist in South Africa and we must negotiate from there onwards by gathering support for any changes that are proposed . substantial for the scrapping of support Support for the continuation of KwaZulu be found to be surprisingly widespread .

There will not be any KwaZulu , for example .

as a negotiating Party will

continuity . to become a process , For negotiations there must be There must be the requisite degree of stability and there must be the minimisation of the politics of intimidation and to killing in politics . We KwaZulu can add to the power of continuity and stability and that

is what we

intend doing .

Thus , Mr. Speaker , Honourable Members , not only do we in this House have accumulated wisdom and political acumen , not only do we have and derived from our the experience the skills that have been involvement

in

the Buthelezi

Commission ,

negotiations

with

the

Joint Executive Authority and the KwaZulu/ Natal Indaba proceedings , only not and have we developed leadership structures and constituencies , but add of we can to South Africa's sense continuity and certainty in negotiation politics which do not leap into We have a political chasms or political darkness . role to play in helping to create the circumstances can succeed .

in which

negotiations

16

The removal of the KwaZulu arena and the negotiating

Legislative Assembly from the table of South Africa would be

political stripping

the politics of negotiation of a vital support system for the kind of South Africa that we and the whole world want . In the 1970's there apartheid policy was the Government with its and its partitioning hopes , and there was the ANC with its then adamant demand for recognition to enable it to return to South Africa to form That was a one - Party , Socialist State . That was it . the totality

In

the

of

choices .

1970's

Apartheid or Socialism/ Communism .

there were these two alternatives

and

then

there

emerged the political demand from Black Consciousness groups either The for a one - Party Pan - Africanist State or a one - Party ANC State . choice still remained - apartheid or one - Party State politics .

We

came

on to the

scene

and

cried

out

no ,

no ,

no .

We

demanded

recognition for the original Black struggle for South Africa being struggle in which Blacks were seeking entry into South Africa as a a multi - Party democracy . We said no to Socialism with its State control and command economy . We said that we as Blacks had always for an struggled a multi - Party democracy resting on enterprisedriven economy .

It

was

in the KwaZulu

Legislative

Assembly and

in

Inkatha

that

dominantly the work was done to keep the liberal tradition alive to which people like the founding father of the ANC , Pixley Dr. ka Isaka Seme and great leaders like Chief Albert Lutuli and a great KwaZulu leaders between the two , fully subscribed . It was many now Parties demanded democracy in terms that virtually all that agree

is the democracy we want .

armed the the democratic values which apartheid and underpin We underpinning the It is we who gave siege . under put struggle the We are concrete content in the KwaZulu Legislative Assembly . multi - party democracy . of defenders are the We of defenders are the We democracy . defenders of rule by law . the are We Africa South a normalised political process in of in defenders themselves . which sovereignty actually inheres in the people То to we want to give the right to put governments in place and them remove them whenever necessary .

after statement in statements and dramatised of thousands In asion nds ple ent occ usa s n s on ore peo of tem tho of ten upo ten bef sta occasion , we instilled the value of democracy in the hearts after going We who underpin democracy are now and minds of the people . to be needed to underpin the process which will make democracy real in snarling and While others were yapping Africa . South for introduce a dog - fights to be supreme in the ability to political one - Party

State to South Africa ,

we were

practising democracy .

dictating While military wings and while foreign governments were to revolutionaries , we were practising the enactment of the will of the people who democratically put us into office in the KwaZulu

17

Legislative Assembly . We have a politics of negotiation .

I want to pause here ,

Mr.

liberal

Speaker ,

tradition to bring to the

Honourable Members ,

and make

a

The ruling political point that needs to be made rather urgently . ruling the of sought the advantage always has Party National seeking The ruling National Party will not stop Party . National the It is true that advantage of the ruling National Party . the centre - stage National the is Party towards down gravitating arena where Inkatha has been a bastion political the liberal tradition of South Africa .

While

the

Liberal

Party rose

so

nobly and

failed

in the defence of

so miserably ,

and

while the Progressive Party , the Progressive Federal Party and then Democratic Party , the sought to preserve the liberal tradition in South Africa , and while it is absolutely true that great South Africans such as Dr. Helen Suzman personally did a lot to do so , the liberal traditions that needed to be kept alive need to be kept of alive in the politics of command and not only in the politics opposition .

House , Mr. There is not one great liberal tradition which this Members , Speaker , Honourable has abandoned . We have put liberal traditions to work . It was this more than anything else that the National

Party actually

feared

from

Inkatha .

Members , Mr. Speaker , Honourable you will Party Inkatha Freedom had been formed Las

remember that after the then Inkatha

yeNkululeko yeSizwe ] and had rapidly emerged to be a power boundaries , South its muscles and tending its the Government tried to hem us in and to inhibit our defence of tradition and inhibit the practise of liberal tradition broader South African political

Mr.

flexing African liberal in the

scene .

Speake

Member , Jimmy Honour Mr. r, s able Kruger , then Minister of Justice , summoned me to a meeting in which he shook his finger at me telling me to desist playing an active political role outside KwaZulu . His admonishments were taped and I recorded them for posterity in booklet form . You will

remember ,

Mr. Speaker , Honourable Members , you will remember that after the 1976 in Soweto , eruptions it was I who had in the end to go to Soweto to tell the children to go back to school and to bring peace to Soweto . It was I who had to quieten the hostel dwellers down speak them and to the residents of Mzimhlophe in Soweto telling that to the Black-on- Black killing was doing irreparable harm struggle .

You will remember , Mr. Speaker , Honourable Members , that the South African Government tried to prohibit me from going to Soweto to undertake this peace mission because they did not want me to extend my political power beyond the borders of KwaZulu . Apartheid was trying Jimmy Kruger , to Mr. hem me in . the then of Minister

18

actually Justice , phoned me at my home at Kwa Phindangene early in to up morning and told me he had heard that I intended going the intended I I told him that Mzimhlophe defuse the violence . to were He then told me that I should not go as the Police doing so . he He threatened that if I did go , in control of the situation . Mr. House , this was It . me against action taking conside would r Assembly , Legislative Members , the KwaZulu Honourable Speaker , being me in the outward bound role into which I was backed which projected by history .

Without the KwaZulu Legislative Assembly's backing I would simply in not have had the political impetus and the clout that I gained the 1970's .

was There Government

nearly a when it

the South African dramatic show- down with beneath rug from my attempted to pull the

Buthelezi Commission feet . They said it was constitutionally wrong and they for KwaZulu to be concerned about issues outside KwaZulu , saw the KwaZulu Legislative Assembly breaking out of the severe political boundaries which the Government was me and KwaZulu .

trying

to draw around

I do not know where that confrontation would have led to had Government not finally seen that it could not win the battle its withdrew objections , and permitted the formalisation of Buthelezi Commission to pursue objectives which it , should not be pursued . thought It was sufficient day and went

on with the

Buthelezi

the and the

the Government , that we won the

Commission .

Mr. Speaker , Then of course there was the whole Ingwavuma crisis . South Honourable Members , that was another attempt by the then isolate to African Government to draw lines around KwaZulu and politically . KwaZulu It was the KwaZulu Legislative Assembly's clout , its political clout , its real threat of unstopable political that opposition , finally led the Government to go back on its undertakings withdraw to the the late King Sobhuza and to the Proclamation which excised

Ingwavuma

from KwaZulu .

This kind of action in which we gave people the power to say no is liberal the command power I am talking about which underpinned the traditions of South Africa .

liberal traditions , lived out so ably by our own great Bishop Colenso and preserved so magnificently by a long line of clergy and Arthur Reverend Blank , the de Joost Bishops Archbishop like Africa Blaxall , so magnificently by great sons of preserved and Legislative Alan Paton , are our heritage in the KwaZulu like Dr. Assembly . Who could have been a greater standard bearer of South

These

Africa's best

liberal

traditions

than our own Bishop Alphaeus

Zulu .

Inkatha believe that at this juncture of South African history , I and the KwaZulu Legislative Assembly will Party Freedom have to South step forward and take up the role of standard bearer for

19

Africa's

liberal

traditions .

We

do

not

know what

is

going

to

happen to the Democratic Party but somehow it has been hi - jacked by our the Ainslie's and van Eck's of this world who have trampled on great liberal traditions in the politics of subterfuge and deceit .

Mr. Honour that the ongoing Member , Speake , I am arguing , able s r role of the KwaZulu Legislative Assembly as a defender of the realm high of moral traditions must continue . We must be there to

safeguard the liberal traditions which have done so much to capture country and preserve democratic ideals on which our survival as a depends .

I have moved a little aside from what I started saying , namely that it was the National Party which sought the good of the National which Party above all else and we as yet do not know the extent to the National Party is going to attempt to orchestrate a programme of change in such a way that the National Party's perhaps even before the good of the State .

good

is preserved

Mr. Speaker , Let us be down to earth in our political assessments , Honourable Members . If the National Party could get away with achieving entrenching the good of the Party while at the same time the objectives of putting South Africa's economic recovery on track and reaching the objective of gaining international acceptance for Africa's domestic policy , it would do so at the expense South of what is best for the State . It is only abandoning putting the good of the Party before the good of the State cause the threat from the

State has now become paramount .

We have a long track record of fighting consistently over time to rights the establish of others to form political Parties and eventually form gather to a government if they can sufficient support . We have always put the good of democracy before our own good

or before the

good

of any Party .

wilderness into political wilderness after political and lost opportunity after opportunity of being feted and applauded by the media because I have stood firm on principle hounds . refused to run with the hares and hunt with the I have refused to promise the impossible to the people . For me it is more I have gone and I have

important that democracy was actually achieved in the struggle than who actually led in the final democracy that was achieved . On that I have always been prepared to take my chances .

Unless

we are there

insisting

insisting on the inherent value which has always been anathema

on a true

multi - Party democracy

and

of South Africa's liberal tradition to the National Party I would fear

for South Africa's future . I do not know how steep or how slow the National Party's democratic learning curve is going to be . Mr. de Klerk leads magnificently . He talks strongly and convincingly but he has a Party behind him in the throes of deep internal debate . Who knows what still lies ahead in the road towards democracy that the National Party now treads . Who knows what kind of internal and external

stumbling blocks

it

is going to

meet .

20

We are there at the centre stage waiting in the arena where the shaped in Party politics . country traditions this

We of South African politics . final South Africa is going to

We are there with all the great shape needs with which to a

are be

liberal really

give meaningful democracy for the people . We are there ready to moral and Christian content to politics . We are not going to stand aside and leave this great moral and liberal underpinning of things of inestimable value unattended , even for one day .

In current day South Africa , the KwaZulu Legislative Assembly and Inkatha Freedom Party are probably unrivalled in their determination to make sure that the politics of reconciliation triumphs now while we are finally dismantling apartheid and establishing a new democracy .

Nothing

short

of a deep - rooted

South African will

to

establish

a

the democracy and maintain it thereafter will enable us to achieve for we successes have always struggled for in the Black struggle liberation . The will to succeed in democracy must be truly national . It must be all - embracing and it must cut across all political boundaries . We will not allow the democratic ideals on which the future of our country will through Party political mud .

an We are negotiation

instrument process .

have

to be

built

to be dragged

final to the of reconciliation essential to In the past I have had occasion to say

Oliver Tambo and the ANC's leadership that they cannot by - pass Mr. I said that even in whatever they were attempting to do . KwaZulu us . the armed struggle could not be waged successfully without I KwaZulu is said that no democracy could be established without us . account reality all of its own which will have to be taken into a We are not just in every major political and constitutional move . We existential kind of are a simply construct . political a reality which nothing will be

able

to

obliterate .

addition to all the reasons I have been advancing why we in the In the keeping in adamant will be Assembly Legislative KwaZulu the to contribution its make to it intact and allowing Assembly deep -running and there are deep - seated of negotiation , politics at work shaping South Africa which will determinants historic be picking up KwaZulu

Apartheid

and using

was wrong .

it

History

in this process .

is thumping

apartheid .

The

armed

History is thumping in response to apartheid was wrong . struggle as it is eradicating the armed struggle . It is eradicating here , We in the KwaZulu Legislative Assembly have fought elsewhere . it for that which apartheid has stood for and we have fought against We have fought de Klerk is now trying to achieve . that which Mr. is the armed struggle and we have fought for what the ANC against we done is that So have achieve . fact The to trying now Dr. Mandela de Klerk , historically important . The best that Mr. and myself can now achieve jointly has always been foreshadowed this House , Mr. Speaker , Honourable Members .

in

21

Speaker , Mr. Honourable Members , the KwaZulu Legislative Assembly will be there in the victory we South Africans produce . We will be which on there in the day of triumph against racism and the day democracy is introduced . We will be there because the democracy that is going to be produced cannot be produced without politics with the taking our political product and putting it there important political products

of others .

The KwaZulu Legislative Assembly was not smashed up by the hideous worse that has been done to it . It has not been circumscribed by the full might of the South African State . The spirit of UbuntuBotho , which has kept us alive and functioning , lives in our hearts and minds .

We draw We will continue on our triumphal march towards democracy . our inspiration from the fierce spirit of King Shaka to the new South African wisdom of King Cetshwayo . We draw our wisdom from will everything that is deep and valuable in Zulu society . We democracy in the Zulu produce our component in the triumph of future . We will make Zulu power available in a South African fight for democracy , and in providing the lending hand of Zulu power to the democratic process , we will emerge as South Africans first but as South Africans with a proud Zulu tradition of humanism and power in politics .

those who will be blind can democracy which we to the moral underpinning and the power to There will be those who have only a shallow understanding provide . can politics who think that the transformation of South Africa of clean by sitting in committees wiping the slate achieved be and Mr.

Speaker ,

Honourable Members ,

there

are

inscribing on it the new South Africa .

restructuring , re - shaping They will talk glibly about dismantling , changing . and offer . They will say they do not need what we can Indeed , Mr. Speaker , Honourable Members , a great many of them will spurn what we can offer , even knowing what we can offer . They do not want to work for the kind of South Africa we want to work for . They want to work for a South Africa which prop for their Party political power .

is no more

than

a stage

them say we will not be driven out of existence we by their are We say to them that we constitutional doodling in committee . We racism . we are not a product of a product of apartheid ; not exist own right as an African phenomena and our in do or die ,

To

success or fail ,

All

the

wisdom

we will

of

not be

Africa

ignored .

has

dictated

that

in

putting

new

independent societies together we do not as Africans attempt to rub out the boundaries , however wrongly they were drawn by colonial powers and however wrongly they followed on colonial war , strife achieving The countries of Africa . balkanisatio the and n boundary African within the independence achieved independence context that history bequeathed them .

22

We were a

sovereign nation ,

Mr.

Speaker ,

Honourable

Members ,

a

sovereign Kingdom , an empire even . We stood sovereign and alone in our power and ability to block the Transvaal Republic's drive to Indian ocean . the we For three quarters of a century virtually sovereignty , and alone in our have stood powerful holding the northward expansion of For that the British in check . three quarters of a century we held the southern advance of Portugal in check . We established the southern boundaries of Swazi influence and eastern and northern boundaries of Lesotho influence . We influence . established the northern boundaries of Xhosa KwaZulu was a power in the land .

Then of course modern war came upon us as an international bolt of our its destruction and army was finally destroyed after own valiant victory over the full might of the British army the at of Isandlwana . Battle Our land was decimated , divided and the We conquerors lay down the law with brutal colonial power . were conquered , Mr. Speaker , broken in spirit .

but

that was

all .

We were

never crushed

or

I make an important point when I say that by the time the British finally defeated the Zulu army at the Battle of Ulundi in 1879 , King Cetshwayo had long be a new South Africa which there would be

Ever

since

history . Cetshwayo

I as

since accepted the reality that there would and was working for a new South Africa in co - existence and mutual respect .

moved with then , KwaZulu has run with the times and always have before me the wisdom of our great King in my guiding wisdom fundamental approaches in

politics . He sought to make the emissary and the written word far more powerful than the impi and the spear and gun . He sought to establish diplomacy as the primary means of settling disputes and re -arranging the the full height the

spear

aside

affairs of nations . There was a kind of rising to of warrior power in that great King by his putting in

Mr. Our politics , that great King's today's

favour

of diplomacy

and

negotiation .

Honourable Members , Speaker , dreams and political wisdom

will are

ensure that in infused

politics .

moving upon well go bent table could the negotiating to We the in political boundaries to give it a greater stake KwaZulu's to We could claim our right African political power game . South We could set in motion claim in the Transvaal and Transkei . land of counter - politics and politics and counter - claim and some For example , it is a historical fact that considerable magnitude . Umzimkulu was part

of this

Kingdom .

we say that like the rest of Africa liberation starts with Instead and freedom it true around us and infuses into is there what be think that we as a force can none however , democracy . Let , e will rs Ther . ed othe by out up or dropped or used or rubb picked

23

There can be no be no settlement in which KwaZulu is not involved . involved . negotiations about South Africa in which KwaZulu is not There would be no constitutional finality about which KwaZulu not

consulted

and about which we

did not negotiate .

Like King Cetshwayo before us , we accept that there is a new South Africa new and that after 1910 history proceeded to draw up this South Africa into the politics of negotiation which is now lying just

ahead of us .

a switch thought now on to I Members , Mr. Honourable Speaker , because negotiations will be there in KwaZulu tack . different We will be there with justification because nobody can ignore us . We will we have a great deal to offer the politics of negotiation . standard there for the new South Africa because we will be the be provide the to liberal tradition which is going the of bearer be will which values political baseline of underpinning SO important

in the new democracy .

This , however , is not the end of KwaZulu's utility to the politics of change . I say this and I say it with a measure of gravity and a measure of importance . There will be no democratic South Africa , there will be no new South Africa and there will be no political settlement unless it involves the fragmentation of the monolithic powers of the State .

There State

must be a stripping of the powers of South Africa's Executive President . There must be a democratisation of the whole

process of government . Nothing short of really meaningful devolution of power downwards and outwards will achieve the kind of safeguards that a great many South Africans are going to insist are necessary to make it impossible for any government of any political persuasion at any time in the future to reconstruct the kind of power bases the state could use to produce the politics of coercion which successive National Party governments have produced .

Second tier level government in the new South Africa must have a greatly enhanced importance in the achievement of power-sharing , the distribution of power and in producing the kind of checks and that balances on the legislative and executive arms of government will be necessary in the future .

Who

in

their

right minds

can think of a

new

South

Africa

with

enhanced second tier level government structures without envisaging KwaZulu as one such structure ? The reality of KwaZulu will override whatever structures were

attempted

in

its place .

I am not here making an ethnic play for a power base in the future . what we Every analyst who actually looks at the realities around have done will discredit that notion . In the Buthelezi Commission , We only we did not seek to establish a Zulu power base . entered the Joint Executive Authority on the assumption that it would be a precursor to a final Joint Legislative Authority for the

24

KwaZulu/ Natal region . We did not ask for a Zulu Authority region . We did not make an attempt to swallow Natal .

in the

Our whole approach in mounting the Joint Executive Authority and in conducting ourselves in the KwaZulu / Natal Indaba was characterised by giving democratic would be race -free . centric solution to

structures to this second tier region which We never attempted to establish ethnothe problem regional of government in

KwaZulu/ Natal .

will be non - ethnic in its approach to regional structures KwaZulu for second tier levels of government . We will be non- ethnic in our for approach to finally defining KwaZulu / Natal as a base second tier government . we will be there .

We will be non - ethnic , we will be democratic but KwaZulu is a reality which cannot be gainsaid .

Mr. Speaker , Honourable Members , we did not ask to be cast in the role of the KwaZulu Legislative Assembly . Great power went into attempts to eradicate my political role in KwaZulu and great power went into attempting to make us accept the Bantu Authorities Act in a way that would make us party to our own subservience .

It

is

on

record ,

Mr.

Speaker ,

that

even

in the

matter

of

my

ascension to the chieftainship of the Buthelezi clan the Government the to access my block serious attempts to made day the of chieftainship It is a matter of history of the Buthelezi people . half locate my had instructions to who Sergeant Rossouw that said very openly that he could not brother before he was deported , So was the Government bothered to do this when I why understand All sorts of lies were then fabricated to start a anti - government . years several for had been installed as Chief I after dispute before

that .

Mr. Speaker , Honourable Members , that Pretoria You will remember , then tried to totally discredit my leadership and to cast me They hemmed me in in every way possible and enemy of South Africa . took away my passport

for a

full nine years .

Even in the early days before the Bantu Authorities Act was finally thrust upon us , attempts were made to isolate me politically and to inhibit my political influence in KwaZulu .

We have with us today , Speaker , The Honourable , Mr. Zulu , the Deputy Minister of Welfare and Pensions . Mr. Nongoma , at fact that the magistrate the for

Prince Gideon He will vouch Vosloo , was

It was the father of the Deputy Minister working for my exclusion . of Welfare and Pensions , Prince Mnyayiza ka Ndabuko , who in the end bluntly KwaZulu Vosloo that nothing could be decided in told Mr. Mr. Tom Coetzer without my being involved in the decision - making . others from the Chief Bantu Affairs Office in Pietermaritzburg and me hauled me over the coals and chided me and attempted to cajole in front of my entire Buthelezi Council at the Magistrate's in Mahlabathini into accepting the Tribal Authorities Act .

office

25

Finally it was Mr. Nils Otte who ended up as Secretary for Justice , and Mr. E.F. Oltman , whom most of you will remember as Secretary to were who the Department of the Chief Minister before Mr. Johns , sent by Pretoria to talk to me and Councillors . They came with the had an that message whoever had given us to understand that we the matter or Tribal option in of accepting rejecting the Authorities Act were that

When

we had no

that

position

compliance , affairs came

wrongly

option

instructed .

They came to

instruct us

in the matter .

had

been reached and

we

were

forced

the question of how we should manage this to the fore . I remember well the extent

into

new state of to which the

then the

King of the Zulus , King Cyprian , thought that we should accept gain Bantu Authorities Act because in accepting it we could however , we more for KwaZulu than we could otherwise gain . When , had no alternative but to work under the Bantu Authorities system , the Chief Native Commissioner at the time tried to insist that I with His Majesty King Cyprian to gain credibility for the travel the Bantu Authorities Act . I remember the Principal Induna for Buthelezi Clan , Mr. Ndlwanembana Mathe reacting to the Magistrate's words with words to the effect that if His Majesty fell off a horse if we were both on horse back , must I also fall off ? I can tell many interesting anecdotes of this time .

when we were told that the Act , Bant the unde u Authorities r we had no option but to work trusted my rely on my leadership because they to turned people however that Majesty King Cyprian himself said His leadership . would have he was opposed to the Bantu Authorities Act , I much be to than me to lead in the Territorial Authority other nobody Induna The King's He said he would use me willy - nilly . formed . Of course ,

and

Inyosi ,

Honourable Members ,

Mr.

Speaker ,

Mr.

Mathambo Gwala

can bear me

out

on that .

The fact that we had no option in the matter did not rob us of our pride . African heritage and did not rob us of our African South not fact that we were drummed into this apartheid measure did The All that it mean that we were drummed out of our KwaZulu heritage . strive to was that we were given a new arena in which to amounted and

struggle

for the demise

of apartheid .

be I have always been totally astounded how some Sowetonians could proud of fighting apartheid in Soweto but denied us the right to be proud of fighting apartheid in KwaZulu . The Bantu Authorities Act extended over every black man in the whole of South Africa the same apartheid political grip of iron . I scorn the notion that the and the Bantu Authorities Act other apartheid Acts castrated KwaZulu politically and that KwaZulu has now no role final eradication of apartheid and the establishment

to play in the of democracy .

Mr. Speaker , Honourable Members , constitutionally KwaZulu remains the all legitimate authority in KwaZulu . There are going to be authority and kinds of attempts to make inroads into that to will be exist on the assumption pretend it does not that it obliterated anyway

in negotiations .

26

Well , I am standing up , Mr. Speaker , Honourable Members , to tell the world that they are wrong in this . I have already had occasion to point out to the Durban City Council that in its and Dr. C.J. Saunders ' Durban Functional Regional thinking , they erred in not taking the reality of KwaZulu structures into account . The Durban City Council

will

not

be

able

to

re - write

Durban without us .

Parts of KwaZulu are parts of the Durban City . Durban does not end where area apartheid boundaries say it ends . The Greater Durban includes part of KwaZulu . The Durban City Council must not be thinking mused drawn into some kind of political high where generates

the wan

smile

of the

politically drugged .

is There will be no planning of KwaZulu or Natal in which KwaZulu not involved . We are a force to be reckoned with in this region .

Thus , Mr. Speaker , Honourable Members , I am saying that whether you look at the right to contribute towards the evolution of the new Africa , South whether you speak of the utility KwaZulu has in making that contribution , or whether you look at the stupidity of trying to exclude KwaZulu because there can be no second tier level of you government without KwaZulu in this region of South Africa , talking are about one or another aspect of the content of the politics

of negotiation which we are

going to participate

in .

Speaker , Mr. Honourable Members , it is always nice and convenient able you to be to sit back and not do anything until see what others do , so that you come out and go one better . always It is nice and convenient to be able to sit back and wait for others to enunciate their responses to political issues , draw and then to response your up in such a way that in part you the can shoot responses of others down .

nice That political competitiveness which makes these things and however does have dangers for political leaders , to natural the We need reconciliation more than we process . need negotiating We thing . particular claims to be right in any one established which comes reconciliation more than we need one -up - manship need with shooting down the thinking

of others .

is today of the great deficiencies of political South Africa One negotiating its Party has not in fact stated National that the intent . It has not in fact made any statement of positions . It has in fact not spelt out its base - line options .

contains burning on the question of land reform which Even strangely political issues , the National Party has thus far been quiet . Government on The has produced a Policy Guideline Land Reform it is not the National Party that has done so .

27

We are beginning to Government says it is

face the anomalous position the National Party which will

which in negotiate

the and

National the Party says the Government will only provide the circumstances in which negotiations can take place , and nurture the Government negotiating process . Yet it is the Government as the which ball .

is taking

initiative

after

initiative

to

play the

negotiation

Inkatha Freedom Party is attempting to engage the National Party as the National Party in discussion about negotiation options and what negotiation formats but South Africans do not know National Party thinking is . National Party members do not know what their Party's negotiating position is going to be on crucial issues .

We have no inkling about the kind of structure the National Party believes the Legislature should best be given . We do not know what believe kind of structure the National Party themselves National negotiations should be given . We do not know how the Party advocates the " proven " support of political Parties deciding in gauged who can be at the negotiating table cannot be there .

should be who and

We really at this stage have no idea what the National Party means by group right protection . We suspect that their proposals will inroads into individual rights . make The National Party seems to favour a Bill of Rights but there is as yet no overall statement putting Bill of Rights thinking in the contca of ensuring whatever needs to be ensured . Does a Bill of Rights become necessary because without it we will not move o make the Universal Declaration of Human Rights ' thinking mandatory for South African politics ?

We do not yet know how the National Party thinks decisions ought to be taken at the negotiation table . Do ten Parties with proven whatever that turns out to mean , sit down and each have support , ten equal votes ? Is there going to be any kind of weighing of reflect which the political voices at the negotiation table strength of

" proven "

support ?

There are a great many things , Honourable Members , Mr. Speaker , Its which the National Party has thus far not upon . pronounced manifestos thus far published , its statements thus given , far provide the kind of image one gets looking at a building from afar but not knowing even whether the building is a boarding house or a munitions factory .

We do not know what the National Party's thinking is on great a many crucial issues . It would appear that the National Party could well be moving towards adopting one or another proportional representation as a negotiation option . We have not , however , been told this is the case . that We have not been told what form of proportional representation the National Party is actually thinking about .

28

As I said earlier , Honourable Members , Mr. Speaker , it would be nice if the National Party had done all these things and we could shoot some of them down in enunciating our own positions to look better than they

look .

It is on the counterside of that argument perhaps somewhat foolish escape think to that we as the KwaZulu Legislative Assembly can we negotiating boldly being similarly treated if stated our Indeed , positions . it would be foolish and indeed we will not do this .

We

will ,

however ,

do what

is necessary to do to

We should , I commencement of negotiations . options in a whole series of KwaZulu policy Negotiation Manifestos .

facilitate

the

believe , spell out our Assembly Legislative

It indeed is important that the whole of South Africa , and the we think about or command economies about knows what world , nationalisation . It is important for the world to understand the which kind of enterprise - driven economy and the degree of its mix we think would best serve South African needs . It is important for all to hear our view on the land issue .

There

are

also a wide

range

of negotiation

options

relating

to

first and second tier government structures which we need to state . We can enunciate our positions in the form of guiding principles which will about .

We to

determine

our

final

position on whatever we are

talking

should reduce KwaZulu's negotiation options and its approaches the known that can be trusted so that we can begin the process

of consultation with the people

in these matters .

advantage , Honourable Mr. We have the tremendous Speaker , of advantage The Members being here representing constituencies . they that lies in the fact that they do represent constituencies , have constituents with which to consult and they are accountable to these constituencies . We can know in advance what people want and what they do not want in a way in which those who will be opposing us

in negotiations

cannot

do

so

readily .

in we of positions adopt popularising the process whole The civilised and South Africa's liberal traditions with conformity now . can be begun standards of democratic behaviour in the world , during emerge of whatever we are talking about will forms Final however , should already be The principle content , negotiations . marketable to the people .

Honourable Members , to present Mr. I propose therefore , Speaker , the rest of my Policy Speech in the form of a series KwaZulu of Legislative Negotiation Manifestos . I can produce the suggestions

29

they of what is our collective wisdom on a series of matters and can then be put before the House in debate for final amendment or adoption .

These Manifestos Government . The

will be presented as Manifestos KwaZulu Government will be at

of the

KwaZulu the negotiating

table to represent KwaZulu . It is my intention to gather together a series of mandates which the Honourable Members of this House can help put together in debate and adopt as working documents to be used

for endorsement by the people .

By the should all

The

Honourable Members , Speaker , end of this Session , Mr. we eliminating have a substantial set of Manifesto documents

uncertainties

Cabinet

will

and

ambiguities

about

then be responsible

our

negotiation position .

for ensuring

that

KwaZulu

positions on negotiations are presented to the Negotiation Forum at appropriate times . The Cabinet will have to play negotiating balls on its feet . We will , I am sure , have regular Caucus meetings and I will always be in a position to call if faced with a real crisis , reconvene

a special Caucus meeting and the Legislative Assembly .

The more certainty and the more parity that there is in that which the Cabinet has presented at the Negotiation Forum , the better it will be . Hence the decision to reduce negotiating positions to a series of Manifesto statements which can serve to keep all Parties on track and serve we are negotiating

The THE go to

to make sure that the people for on their behalf .

are with us

in what

ON first of the negotiating Manifestos will be the " MANIFESTO I will FORUM · COMPOSITION OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN NEGOTIATION Mr. Speaker , we can put the matter through its points and then , The draft Manifesto reads as follows : open debate .

THE

1991

KWAZULU GOVERNMENT

MANIFESTO SERIES

:

NO .

1.

MANIFESTO ON THE COMPOSITION OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN NEGOTIATION FORUM AND KWAZULU'S PRESENCE IN IT

The

KwaZulu Government

into being as

1 .

calls

for a Negotiation

Forum to be brought

a matter of urgency and :

Party of Freedom Inkatha views expressed the endorses Congress /South National African the African by [ endorsed African South the National Party and Party , the Communist Government , possible others ] that it should be made amongst the all shades of political opinion to be represented at for Negotiation Forum ;

30

2.

insists proven Forum ;

3.

urges

that

political

support

immediate

Parties ,

should be

assured

small ,

both large and of

a

seat

consideration be given to

with

at the Negotiation

the

advisability

of

the South African Government / self - governing regions discussing the need for formally endorsed , agreed - to compositions and of structures of negotiating teams to represent the interests the Governments

4 .

the urges Government

of self - governing

regions .

African Governments of TBVC regions and the South create to to consider having similar discussions

of participation in the opportunities TBVC regions which wish so to do ; 5.

negotiation process

for

SELF - GOVERNING STATES THAT REGARDLESS OF THE DECISIONS THE REGIONS AND REGARDLESS OF THE DECISIONS THE GOVERNMENTS OF THE TBVC REGIONS MAY MAKE , THE KWAZULU GOVERNMENT IS INSISTENT THAT KWAZULU WILL BE AT THE NEGOTIATION FORUM BECAUSE DESPITE FIRST BEING CONQUERED BY THE BRITISH ARMY IN 1879 , THEN BEING ANNEXED AND MADE PART OF THE COLONY OF NATAL AND FINALLY BEING INCLUDED

a)

IN THE UNION OF SOUTH AFRICA

has

never lost

the

sense

of

IN

1910 ,

identity

KWAZULU :

it now has

of

having once been an independent sovereign Kingdom and Zulus have never regarded KwaZulu as a construct of apartheid ;

b)

has pride in the role KwaZulu has played shape the pre - 1910 Southern Africa ;

c)

has

d)

has

helping

founding pride in the backing it gave the father of the African National Congress , Dr. Pixley ka Isaka Seme in establishing that organisation in 1912 ; pride

struggle e)

in

in the

for

backing

it

has

given to the

liberation ever since

Black

1912 ;

has pride in the backing it gave Chief Albert Lutuli salvation in his reconstruction of the ANC and its sunk had from the moribund state into which it the National Party came to power by the time in 1948 ;

f)

has the pride given the backing that it in has Inkatha Inkatha Freedom Party and its forerunner timeyeNkululeko yeSizwe successors as the in honoured struggle for the noble aims and objectives and values of the Black struggle for liberation ;

g)

has

pride in the backing it has given the KwaZulu for Legislative Assembly and the KwaZulu Government the pace - setting role that they have played in the Black struggle

for

liberation ;

31

AND THEREFORE :

history itself of KwaZulu declares to be a product of the South Africa with its own right of existence . It will be a either on its own building block in the new South Africa , or in association with the Province of Natal [ as now constituted or as it may be reconstituted in negotiations ] . KwaZulu will have to be consulted and will have to be party to any decisions having to do with its existence proposed reconstituted South Africa .

and

its

status

in à

Members , whole the of the question Honourable Speaker , Mr. term of the Negotiation Forum - I believe that is the composition →· is of we vital should consistently use from now onwards that Generally put one importance . by political Parties attended government in South Africa .

While

category will have to be My

for an itself a political Party and remains movement , it and others in the same

we face the problem that

example , has not declared even organisation , or a

own

belief

is

that

can say that negotiations should be of structures and the second tier

the African National

Congress ,

included . the

South

African

Government

as

the

facilitator of the negotiation process should establish a Registrar Political Parties which intend to join the negotiating process . of Criteria could then be agreed to between the main Parties that would ensure that it was political Parties which are responsible deciding for the democratic process in South Africa which will be the constitutional future of our country .

I am totally opposed to the wide range of civic and associations other associations becoming part of the Negotiation Forum . Civic Church groups , associations , business groups , professional groups and other groups who feel that they have an input to make in the negotiation process should be required to do so through the Party or Parties of their choice .

Mr. Speaker , Honourable Members , in the wording of the Manifesto on the Composition of the Negotiation Forum , I have stuck to that which we can call for with a degree of realism and certainty . We cannot in this format deal with the host of attending issues which will

have to be disposed

of at one time

or another .

I am thinking , for example , of what is actually meant by " political Parties with proven support " . How we define this term, and how we will decide whether or not a civic association or one or it , another pressure group can lay claim to being beneficiary of the definition . That is an issue we will come to in due course .

32

the issue we will come to in due course is question of This issue will be decided finally , numbers in the representation . believe , I by the negotiation structure which is adopted and by

Another

the procedures

that

are accepted

for

negotiations .

My own preference would be for negotiations to be consensus - seeking exercises in which head - counting just does not feature . In the end the need for a form of majority there reporting and might be minority reports

differing

from them .

the which in approach a head - counting simply have We cannot voting same Parties with minimal support even have the smallest powers

as

larger Parties with massive

support .

We Forum cannot at this stage weigh the votes at the Negotiation to reflect the size of Party political support because until finally elections are held , there will only be polemic arguments about who has

The as

earned what

support

in which community .

Manifesto's call for the composition of the Negotiation it is worded avoids these thorny issues at this point in

but they will have

to be tackled

Forum time

sooner or later .

From what one reads in newspapers the governments of self - governing regions appear to want to be represented at the Negotiation Forum . Some of them are

talking about

dissolving

themselves .

That is of course their prerogative but South Africa must be served proper and due notice that whether they dissolve themselves or not , KwaZulu will be at the negotiating table .

talking In about second tier government being represented at question of negotiating table there is of course the whole Provincial leadership of Natal , the Transvaal , the Free State the Cape Province .

the the and

I have avoided any particular mention of them because in terms practise , present theory and Provincial Administrators

of are

representatives of the Central Government and it is the role of Central Government to facilitate negotiations and not

the to

participate

There status

KwaZulu Africa

in them as

such .

however , the need for some kind is perhaps , of for Provincial Administrators or their nominees .

observer

is perhaps unique among the self - governing regions of South the in extent to which it as a whole has always had a

collective awareness a whole entity .

of

itself and has been purposeful

in acting

as

33

the of of KwaZulu is reflected in point five The purposefulness entity in politica a KwaZulu is l . division sub its and Manifesto s We have a It always has been and always will be . its own right . of formation awareness that requires expression in the political we new We have a contribution to make which the South Africa . shall

make .

second Members , the to Honourable Speaker , Mr. come now, I Tier Government on Second Manifesto is the It Manifesto . Structures in the New South Africa and it reads as follows :

THE KWAZULU GOVERNMENT

1991

MANIFESTO ON

The

KwaZulu

MANIFESTO

SERIES

:

NO .

2

SECOND TIER GOVERNMENT STRUCTURES IN THE NEW SOUTH AFRICA

Government

calls

on all the

Parties

which

will

be

negotiating the future constitution of South Africa to recognise that there is an urgent need to strip the State of Draconian powers and in particular to strip the present Executive State President of the frightening powers he has in order to ensure that never again will any political Party ever be able to wield the full authority of the State for Party political gain and to put the good of the Party before the good of the State to the by successive National Party Governments .

To this

1.

end the

extent

that

this was done

KwaZulu Government proposes :

that a substantial reduction be made of Central Government by downwards power a process of devolving power both and outwards to give greater decision- making autonomy to second tier level of government in order to decrease the process of power private and institutional patronage which centralised uses to gain power strangleholds over the

2.

that

people ;

group right protection be negotiated in the context redistributed power that devolution will make possible . circumstances which devolution will establish could

of The

be arranged to give cultural groups and communities a direct say in their own protection and in the protection of their vested interests - provided however that what is done to protect group rights does not conflict with the provisions of a Bill of Rights nor conflict with the provisions which give total individual equality before the law and the constitution .

34

Mr. Speaker , Honourable Members , we have to give due notice that second tier government structures will be directly affected by a process in which power is devolved downwards . We will also have to give notice that we will not tolerate the delineation of the areas of jurisdiction of second tier government structures in such a way that they amount to giving races political advantages as

envisage can We establishment of a

the KwaZulu and nt rnme of gove by so successfully established in the Joint do this by can being non - racist and

a joining of and Natal single second tier structure

expanding what we already Executive Authority . We democratic .

We have , to face the fact that geographically delineated however , such areas a could be sought in fragmenting say the Transvaal in way that Whites of South Africa .

end up

in sole

control

of the

industrial

heartland

The downward devolution of power , the changed structures of second tier levels of government and the question of the protection of minority group rights all hang together . In our Manifesto we introduce only at this stage the need to ensure that the downward devolution of power past is not a process the through which apartheid powers of of the State are handed down to lower levels government through which Whites dominate particular regions . The or way we suggest this is done is by a final reliance on whether not the provisions of a Bill of Rights or the equality of all before the law and the

constitution are

adversely affected .

The next Manifesto , Mr. Speaker , Honourable Members , is a Manifesto on Radical Change as Part of Continuity in the Process of Reform . It

reads

as

follows : THE KWAZULU GOVERNMENT

1991

MANIFESTO

SERIES

:

NO .

3

RADICAL CHANGE AS PART OF CONTINUITY PROCESS OF REFORM

IN

THE

The KwaZulu Government adheres to the time - honoured notion that the Black struggle for liberation was always aimed at gaining acceptance for Blacks as equals in all levels of South African society and in the process of forming the government and governing exists country . the The struggle to gain entry into that which once it is purged of racist limitations can now clearly triumph can clearly best triumph if the South Africa that there is , disrupted to the minimum extent .

and is

35

With the exception of the present constitution which Blacks reject in part and in whole , Blacks want to enter as equals in the South Africa of today stripped of its racism .

The

1.

KwaZulu Government

calls for continuity

therefore :

stability and recognition of the advantages that have in the process of creating entry points into

existing South Africa purged of racism ;

2.

calls on all Parties which will be at the Negotiation Forum to recognise that the new constitution which will have to be drawn up to replace the totally unacceptable present constitution , would best meet the requirements of the country if it provided for a parliamentary democracy and structures of the government most reminiscent of government before effectively stripped of racist Tricameral Parliament but restrictions ;

3.

calls for recognition that the downward devolution power of needed to strip the state of its Draconian powers would require reconstituted second tier government structures and calls for recognition that at least in the case of Natal /KwaZulu there amalgum is a need for a second tier of KwaZulu and Natal to form a single rationalised second tier level of government .

4.

states that the

KwaZulu government will

commence

negotiations

second tier level government with the Buthelezi reports and the KwaZulu/ Natal Indaba constitutional as its starting points .

Commission proposals

Honourable Members , KwaZulu is opposed to proposals Speaker , Mr. involve or South that Africa leaping into the political dark That is the source of great fears , leaping into the unknown . not but also amongst a only amongst the country's right - wing rights , substantial proportion of the country's middle - of - the - road citizens .

We reflect that South

we a very widespread South African attitude when say Africans do not want to entrust their constitutional

future to some kind of committee working behind do not want to wake up tomorrow morning with a constitution thrust at them .

closed doors . They fait accomplis new

Mr. F.W. de Klerk is in the unenviable position of having promised Whites that he will hold a referendum before any new constitution is adopted and he will go back to the drawing boards if Whites reject

it .

36

a quite quite clearly referendum will be most inappropriate as an instrument for judging Black political attitudes . I say this because Black society does clearly within not defined fall political constituencies as parliamentary , for delineated provincial local or authority elections . I

say

he

is

in an unenviable

position because

It will take considerable time , energy and experience before Black voters ' lists are drawn up to be sufficiently comprehensive and one accurate to give real meaning to the political advent of man having one vote in a referendum .

We as Blacks on the other hand are just not prepared to stand and watch white politicians deciding the future of our country the way they present constitutional options to White This veto right of one group over other groups

by by

South Africa . is just not

acceptable .

which rewe that if negotiations became a process by We argue Tricameral the before time the point in to steps our traced formulate , was established and proceeded from there to Parliament of structures and democracy parliamentary "a it , put we as Tric the befo gove of amer remi re most rnment government al niscent Parliament but effectively stripped of racist restrictions .

We

are

not arguing

for a Westminster - type

model

of government

as

the only possibility in this process . We are arguing for keeping South Africa we know intact while we give it a new form of government . Provinces and/or self - governing regions could , for example , form natural federal units and the country's Local Authority structures could be rationalised to make the inclusion Blacks and Whites in Local Authority structures mandatory .

of

We constantly argue that the process of radical change to normalise industrial , South Africa into becoming a modern , Western- type , We do so multi - Party democracy , will most unite South Africans . because in this approach South Africa as it is constituted can be purged of racism without destroying institutionalised to which Blacks have sought entrance for so long .

Again

in

this

Manifesto

we

relate the

process

South

of

KwaZulu's negotiation position which will start where the Commission and the KwaZulu/ Natal Indaba left off .

is in radical there continuity more the faster the process stability there is , its radical ends .

The

Africa

change

to

Buthelezi

change more the and achieve of change will

Speaker , Honourable Members , we must not only deal with the kind of society we should end up with and should not only deal with the composition of the Negotiation Forum , also deal but we must with kind the of process in which we negotiation achieve can successes . We clearly see that winner - takes - all politics will be Mr.

37

destructive

of

the

national

will we will

need

to

establish

a

democracy and to run it thereafter . We want consensus politics and not the blood - letting politics that will inevitably follow in the wake winner-takes - all of politics in all - or - nothing political systems . The next Manifesto on the kind of negotiations we need reads as follows : THE KWAZULU GOVERNMENT

1991

MANIFESTO SERIES

:

NO .

4

MANIFESTO ON THE KIND OF NEGOTIATIONS MOST LIKELY ΤΟ ACHIEVE WILL ΤΟ TO THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A NATIONAL CONSENSUS LEADING ESTABLISH A SOUTH AFRICAN DEMOCRACY AND MAKE IT WORK

The KwaZulu Government is adamantly committed to achieving national reconciliation as a necessary condition for successful negotiations on the constitutional future of South Africa . To achieve this end it is vital to deal with the fear factor both in the left and in the right realms of the South African political spectrum . To do this negotiators will have to be as sympathetic as possible to the far as felt - need for protection of minority group rights in So Bill measures to protect group rights are compatible with a of in the Rights and common law in defence of values contained Universal

Declaration of Human Rights .

National

reconciliation through allaying

fears

about life

in

the

new democratic South Africa will also best be achieved through prefering consensus politics over the vast competitiveness politics in all - or - nothing political battles .

In order to achieve national in the Negotiation Forum :

1.

reconciliation ,

the

KwaZulu Government

'

will prevail on the African National Congress and its South African Communist Party ally to accept that winner - takes - all politics will call forth extreme forms of opposition and lay the foundation for post - negotiation subversion which will make the Renamo/ Frelimo conflict and the UNITA/MPLA conflict child's

2.

play by comparison ;

of extreme as a matter National Party , minority by spell out what it means to protection to dispel very understandable fears in Black group of Africa that the National Party has in mind the kind South protection which will in practise give political advantages to as Whites protection of the interests of the Whites in a group socially and economically privileged race politically , in the country ;

prevail on the will urgency , political

38

3.

assures

the

public of South Africa that

it

will

negotiate

protection for minority groups without in any way seeking to establish ethnic cultural advantages . or The KwaZulu only politically avoid Government seeks to groups being disadvantaged protection will achieve the and protection of minority groups under the over - riding surveillance of the courts of law which Rights and the judicial enforcement of a Bill of and law the guarantees total equality for all before the constitution .

sufficiently Members , Mr. We just cannot , Speaker , Honourable emphasise the need for dealing with fear as an inhibitator of the process of reconciliation . Wrong political objectives and wrong means of achieving political backlashes .

ends

could

lead to totally destructive

Mr. Speaker , we must not only become preoccupied with the prospects of white right - wing backlashes . These backlashes will be very real if we blunder and seek to establish Black Party political victories in all - or - nothing politics with no safeguards being provided for the White minority .

That White backlash

is ,

however ,

not the only backlash we have

to

guard against . There are also Black fears of future post - apartheid governments taking on the kind of Draconian powers which apartheid governments commonplace

had before in Africa .

them and which have

become

so destructively

do and counterBlacks not want an endless cycle of revolution power and revolution and they do not want governments placed in Radicalism leading to removed from power by coups d'etat . oneParty dictatorial governments will as much cause backlashes in Black society as they will

In

our

Manifesto the

call

cause

is

in White

society .

consensus

for

politics

in

will have the best prospects of making political progress without paying hideous backlash prices .

Mr.

Speaker ,

Honourable

Members ,

there is actually

which

we

in reform

a danger

of

South Africans not actually perceiving the need for a massive South African response to the circumstances we find ourselves in . There is insufficient recognition that it is a people's response that is needed to turn politics into the to serve the needs of people .

instruments of

freedom and justice

many respects we suffer from still having an overdose the of legacies of the past . Authoritarianism in politics always creates an electorate which stands in some kind of awe of government .

In

Everything is left to the government . The Ministers of government have a highly elevated status in society . The the State and Churches that supported the State minds of the public , directed the

swayed public opinion , shaped feelings of the public .

the

39

Around every dictator there are the adoring masses and the cheering are authoritarian society there the blind crowds . In every and by followers created by mind - conditioned politics State intervention in education and the bringing up of children . From of the school onwards children grow up surrounded by the symbols State and develop a veneration

It

is this veneration

for the

public of White South Africa for over 40 years . That political

Party to

for the power of the State .

State ,

the mind

conditioned

which kept the National is a phenomenally long

remain in power

Party time

voting in power for any

in a multi - Party system .

In South African White politics it has only been the National Party and what really amounts to ineffective Opposition Parties that and never ever stood any chance of actually ousting the government forming a affairs .

government

of their own .

This

is

a very serious

state

of

In West European and North American democracies , swings of public opinion as low as five per cent can change governments . In these countries governments do change regularly . Democracy is at work . Nowhere in the whole of Western Europe , nor anywhere across North over America has any country ever had one Party in government for 40 years .

We are now emerging from the South Africa in which this was the - actually still case . is case still the white have We a electorate which wants to leave everything to the Government . The support that there is for Mr. F.W. de Klerk as State President and for the reform policies , Government's is support from a white electorate who which since 1948 kept the ever opposition were standard - bearers for the liberal tradition as a marginal parliamentary minority .

the danger

leaving leaving just There is a danger that people see everything to Mr. F.W. de Klerk . political Parties as the actors in change and see political leaders as the movers of history .

There

is

in

We have this opinion - makers

South

Africa

of

Whites

African position and yet on the other hand South moved in institutionalised South Africa have away

from apartheid and have long since turned to preparing for a postapartheid democracy . There is thus a degree of confusion in the white political air which creates a dynamic all of its own in the after circumstances which surround us . I will pick up this point saying

something about black politics .

authoritarianism , black politics has thought Freedom of done even worse . in tolerated never are views opposing of expression and Party ; the be Always there must organisations . revolutionary

white If contained

politics produces forces which have

40

always there must be the Party discipline ; always there must be Party idiom . There is always the Party , the Party , the Party .

the

Revolutionary politics the world over always goes with intimidatory tactics . You believe what the Party believes or you are battered . Party You are either the a patriot because you believe what believes , you are a treacherous sell - out because you question the Party .

revolutionaries seek to establish their In street corner politics , supremacy by dictating to people what their response should be to their environment . They are told when to stay at home , regardless of what it actually does to income and to security of jobs . If do not listen , simply they they are beaten up or sometimes even killed .

Like dictatorships , revolutionary set -ups produce national leaders around whom there are the cheering crowds in whom veneration for revolutionary personalities

runs

high .

Verwoerd was . He was the and think just how venerated Dr. Pause that He put together the apartheid architect of apartheid . arch was He decades . three nearly politics for crushed black has mind . his about the brilliance of talked Everybody venerated . political clearly now history dictates that he was a tragic Quite desperately seeking to establish something that would never figure was he He attempted the impossible and final fruition . to come venerated while he did so .

revolutionary On the other side , just look at the extent to which leaders who have stood on the other side of Dr. Verwoerd's political spectrum and put together a dream that just could not be brought to fruition . Think of how wrong they too were . The grand vision of marching armies crossing borders and revolutionary cadres unseating governments , the grand vision of revolutionary movements being governments in exile coming home one day to rule , the grand - a vision of being the sole representative of Black South Africa SO claim of veneration , the grand vision of coming home , being important that they and they alone can form a government in a oneParty State , the grand vision of all has now proved wishful thinking .

this

and everything else

that

face today the aftermath of these lords of We grand vision . in today face the implications of a population supporting those power and revolutionary a population supporting in those in opposition . There is , I say , the danger of Black and White South Africa leaving everything to the political maestros and

We

leaving everything to

There

is

in

black

a new set

of dominating

society perhaps

an

personalities .

even

greater

degree

of

confusion among people who want some kind of father figure politics fall around but only see the fall of the apartheid mighty and the of the revolutionary might .

41

Mr. Speaker , I do not know how to actually convincingly enough tell the Honourable Members of this House how much the future of South African society depends upon them personally , one by one and in groups , small clearing mobilising the people , up political confusions ,

spreading vision and creating a

culture

of democracy .

Members , Honourable You You , are leaders of the people . have constituencies . You have positions of power , you have positions of influence . If you do not employ your power , your position and your influence in the mobilisation of the people whom you represent , you will

become the

flotsam and the

jetsam of the politics

of change .

is or death to democracy . It organisation , I believe that the whole of East Europe moved away from Communism and Soviet Union itself is moving away from Communism because Communism just does not The work . grand vision of the whole Communist world as the inevitable outcome

of history ,

is now totally discredited .

Looking at people in political practise , powerfully true to say that East Europe

however , I think it crumbled now and not

is at

another time , and crumbled in the way it did crumble , because East European political bosses and their underlings disdained the need that there is in society for political leaders to mobilise and organise the people .

Before 1979 , middle - rung

Oliver Tambo impressed on me Mr. He was in Inkatha . leadership

the need to develop terribly suffering

powerful because the ANC had failed so badly to actually establish top When the enduring local and regional leadership cadres . and to home returnin now is ANC The . g leaders left , there was a vacuum this vacuum .

We in this House , Mr. Speaker , head - start matter . in this calamity

if we do

not

organise

Honourable Members , have a powerful We will however be overtaken by the people .

Mr. Speaker , Honourable Members , we must , must , must organise the people because who else will there be left to be the standard bearers of the liberal tradition . Who else will there be left to be the grand defenders of democratic ideals , if the drops the Democratic Party and makes anachronisms Sash ,

NUSAS

and all the other DP camp

sweep of politics Black out of the

followers ?

this of Honourable Members I have been trying to drive home the need to House for years now . as the people and to bring politics into hearth and home organise their captures and supports the people's needs which something have been trying to do this in every possible way I aspirations . This

has

been

my message

but with entirely

to you the

insufficient

success .

42

Speaker , Mr. Honourable Members , the world out there is listening me to saying these things here today . The world out there is hearing me say that we must organise the people or perish . The world must hear me say that we have failed to do what could have been done in the past . The world out there is actually hearing me say that there has been such a vacuum in the matter of organising the people at grass root level , that what we have managed to do has put us streets ahead of others , but is insufficient to us carry through to victories

KwaZulu will be new South Africa .

at

the

polls

in elections yet

to

come .

at the negotiating table to claim a place Honourable Members , you You gentlemen ,

the in ladies ,

Honourable Members , are here in this House to represent the people . You are not here in this House as some kind of super-privileged person picked up by politics and put into some kind of lushy , fatcat chair .

That We have always been a multi - Party institution in this House . did other Parties are not here is a tribute to the fact that they not Inkatha in fact win seats when they tried to get here . has overshadowed been So dominant a Party in KwaZulu that it has everybody else .

say quite clearly today that there is every prospect me Let that of kind KwaZulu election will be an entirely differing next the It could well be that the next election that is held for election . it form in whatever the KwaZulu Legislative Assembly , in seats tes be will , amalgama r finally it emerges whomeve finally and with , major multi - Party election in which all the resources of a tough , Each of your political Parties will be mobilised against the IFP . seats will be the target of massive Party political onslaught .

What we now do be less , will representatives

and who knows it may even in the next year or two , what as determine your future is going to be the people . of I am fighting for that test of

IFP's relevance to South African politics . I am fighting for the right of others to sit in your seats , Honourable Members . I am fighting for the right of the IFP to stand tall in politics because it has retained your seats , Honourable Members .

How the Party is up to you .

fares ,

how you

as

representatives

of the

people

fare ,

Mr. Speaker , Honourable Members , let me return to my main theme of the moment the theme of South Africa's Black and White population standing in danger of doing too little to bring about a peopledemocracy generated and a people - supported democracy - in short a that

can actually work .

We have meaningful a situation in South Africa in which very a proportion of those who will have the vote in the first election after apartheid huge being between the ages of 18 and 25. The population bulge South which makes more than half of all Black Africans old and younger , years 15 was preceded by the upward

43

swelling of the population bulge and has given a future electorate swing power an important youth sector whose vote could actually from one Party to

another .

disadvantage the We have grave that there is no culture of democracy amongst South Africa's new generation . They have never known democracy at work in the townships and in the rural areas . of They means have known only confrontation and violence as settling political disputes . They are not practised in the politics

of consensus

decision - making

in democratic

norms .

mobilise to places an enormous emphasis on the need really This urban in communities , and to form IFP Branches in local people the breadth of and rural areas across the length and in areas the for yearn always people that found have We country . that vacuum the desperate in not had have they mobilisation politics

that

apartheid jack - boot

tactics

have

created .

We as a Government , Mr. Speaker , Honourable Members , must find the cities , time , make the resources available and bring to the the countryside and the towns , the message that democracy is needed . There is a crying need in This is not a Party political thing . South Africa for us to do so . There is a crying need for KwaZulu to be a pace - setter in the presentation of the democratic choices to the people . There is a crying need for KwaZulu to be a pacesetter in rallying the youth behind democratic structures .

want I question Africa . me

the

now, of Mr.

Mr. Honourable Members , Speaker , to turn the to the principles of democracy multi - Party South in Speaker , Honourable Members , Mr. Walter Sisulu wrote.

following

letter :

AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS Phone :

12

834-5301 / 8 , Third Floor , Munich Re 54 Sauer St. , Johannesburg 2000

Centre ,

March 1991

The Honourable Chief Minister Chief Minister Dr M G Buthelezi Kwa - Zulu Telefax :

( 0358 )

202070

Dear Sir The National Executive Committee of the ANC invites you to attend a There are many issues on the 15th March 1991 at 9 am . meeting We felt which the leadership in this country needs to consult on . that

this meeting should have

two

items

on the

agenda .

a) b)

The recurring violence sweeping our country . Chief Ministers on the meeting Consultation with all between President F.W. de Klerk and the Chief Ministers .

held

44

We would appreciate

Yours

your response as soon as

is

possible .

sincerely ,

( Sgd . )

W.

SISULU

WALTER SISULU Chairperson Internal

Leadership

Core

THE

SHALL GOVERN !

PEOPLE

of ANC

Honourable Members , Mr. you will notice that the letter Speaker , date summarily calls me to a meeting and dictates time and itself Even more astounding , in the cover sheet without any consultation . there is the handwritten under which this letter was faxed to me , Office . " Head note that the venue will be the ANC note : " Please You cannot , but I actually guarantee you that Can you believe it ? any of you can I have the cover sheet here with me , is so . this of They actually did inform me It actually did happen . see it . with down in this way where they were going to sit me place the others to talk about

Oh

SO

plausible

things they told me they want to talk about .

letter

is that

from the

point

of view

of

South

Africans who have been conditioned by past politics to see politics and thing , as a political leadership as a Party political thing , letter , Honourable The Speaker , Mr. as a people's thing . not Members , about a prime example of the very thing I am talking is I when talk about the grand vision of revolutionaries which have Honourable Speaker , is , Mr. The letter proved so ineffective . Members , the living on the of apposite illustration of a very poli of revo attitudes visi gran fail that which tics lutionary on d ed created .

Mr. Speaker , Honourable Members , I am actually elected to lead this House . I am elected to lead more than six million Zulus - probably even seven million Zulus in South Africa - it could be eight million Zulus in South Africa .

In

Inkatha

Freedom Party

I

am elected to the

role

of

President

elected to a leadership position of the largest ever political constituency totally Inkatha Freedom Party is in South Africa . South unrivalled of political Party ever in the history by any million Africa More than 1.8 as far as membership support goes . people , now rising to nearly 1.9 million people have actually put their hands in their pockets to join Inkatha since its inception . Honourable Speaker , Mr. That is powerful vote a of support , Members . In the worst of our years we drew more members than any years . political Party other has accrued in the best of their Inkatha Freedom Party

is growing and growing and growing .

45

I am elected to the presidency of Inkatha Freedom Party . I am elected to my position as Chief Minister of KwaZulu . I am returned unopposed from my own constituency . I am elected to the KwaZulu Legislative Assembly by the people . I am elected in this House to the Chief Ministership by people who have been elected to represent the people or who have been returned here unopposed because they so dominantly are the only leaders which communities want to represent them here .

I have this track record of vast mobilisation and yet I can receive this letter in which I am summoned to the headquarters of the ANC to sit down in a meeting chaired by Dr. Nelson Mandela to be am treated by him and to be held accountable to him as though I just another one of the six black leaders of self- governing regions . I am actually asked in the letter to come to Johannesburg to discuss violence with people who themselves do not lead in situations dominated by violence , and to discuss meetings with the State President .

This is what shows letter and KwaZulu positions

I mean by the lack of the culture of democracy . The of a staggering disdain for the choice of the people lead the in They have chosen me to South Africa .

in which I

do

lead .

I have nothing against Mr. leaders , ANC I think my closest of all the know him , he is a African in South honoured and to be

Walter Sisulu . In fact , relationship with him was

of all the top probably the I like him , I

relationships I had to leaders . good man at heart , he deserves a prominent place society , he is a son of the soil , he is to be respected .

Mr. I make the point , daughters of our soil , wasted in situations institutions .

Speaker ,

Honourable Members , such sons and such stalwarts of our society , are totally

in which they

Mr. Speaker , Honourable Members , is what I said :

are

I

swallowed up by undemocratic

replied

to Mr.

Sisulu

and

this

My dear Brother ,

I

would like to respond to your faxed invitation to attend the ANC meeting which is proposed for the 15th March with an earnest that we in future avoid the kind of difficulties which the

NEC's plea

format

and the

idiom of your letter creates .

There are going to be a great many times when urgent going to be needed between the IFP and the ANC . is

consultation If we do not

establish correct procedures to ensure that these meetings can take the struggle will be the worse place when they need to take place , off for it and the negotiating process will suffer .

46

I am writing this letter in the spirit of the accord we reached in Durban . In that spirit I say I have already informed Dr. Mandela that I could not meet with him in Johannesburg on Friday and that I am therefore astounded that I am then subsequently formally invited in the manner I was invited . This forum has a There is a twelve - a - side IFP /ANC forum . four -awork group side work was formed The four - a - side group . for specifically the purposes of meeting on a regular basis and taking action when necessary . It is not as though the IFP and the ANC do not have contact structures . There is a forum in which urgent

issues

of

a

practical

nature

can be

handled .

The and

IFP and ANC are meeting tomorrow as provided for by the accords agreements reached in Durban on the 29th January . Let us have

due

faith

in the

procedures we

set

up

in January

in Durban .

In any event , I have made the point before and I make it again now that those who are involved in the violence taking place should be drawn into discussions about the violence that is taking place . and Those who are not involved will not make any real contribution their

involvement

can only hinder the

process

of reconciliation .

The meeting in Durban called on our two organisations to deal with Our violence on a joint basis . respective organisations both our backed this decision . We will get nowhere if we act without necessary respective organisations backing us and giving us the mandates . I have never been an autocratic authoritarian leader . Ī always have relied on the wisdom of my colleagues in the Central make Committee and I will continue doing so . To expect me to decisions and take initiatives without consulting them and carrying democracy me , them with is to expect me to abandon the internal which has

always

characterised

Inkatha

Freedom Party .

in any I have vast responsibilities but I will do my best to fit with the ANC that is urgent and necessary . consulting I will not respond to simply being summoned to an NEC meeting at the ANC's to headquarters to discuss matters on an agenda I have not agreed in the midst

of people

I

know not whom .

May I in the spirit of the January 29th meeting in Durban say this cavalier treatment of my leadership and the assumption will get the ANC's leadership is a command leadership , the nowhere . I

sincerely hope

that the

formal

" Dear Sir "

approach

of

that that ANC

summarily

demanding my presence at an NEC meeting is not intentionally given to make it impossible for me to come to such a meeting so that the ANC can play a one - up - manship game of casting aspersions and laying blame on me for not wanting to do with the ANC whatever can be done to bring violence to an end . honesty I appeal for the kind of simple direct that should characterise our relationship in a normalised IFP/ ANC approach to each other . In simple honesty I must say that I am astounded that the ANC thinks it fit to summon me to a meeting to talk about " consultation with all Chief Ministers on the meeting held between President F.W. de Klerk and the Chief Ministers . " What kind of a categorisation of South Africa's black leadership is involved here ? Does the ANC really treat me only as just another Chief Minister ?

47

What

would Dr. Mandela's response be to an Nelson IFP Central Committee summons to him to come to Ulundi to discuss the content of discussions between the ANC and the South African Government ? It

really

is time that the ANC

learned that the

IFP is

a separate ,

independently minded , highly motivated political Party that exists its own right . in I thought that this hurdle had been jumped by the ANC in Durban on the 29th January . The form of the the non- consultation on the agenda , the venue and the being issued when Dr. Mandela knows full well Johannesburg Friday , on suggest that if the hurdle on January

29th

it has

lept

backwards

invitation , invitation

that I can not go to ANC had jumped this

since .

I have written this letter simply and honestly and made direct maximise down - the - line the observations and suggestions to together . I effectiveness of whatever the IFP and the ANC can do idiom honesty urgent reply in similar an appreciate and would comradeship similarly and common by a felt need for motivated and identity in proposing joint action on things in which the IFP

the ANC should both be

involved .

Hopefully yours

struggle but

Yours

in the

certainly ,

sincerely ,

MANGOSUTHU G. BUTHELEZI PRESIDENT INKATHA FREEDOM PARTY

We have a long way to go , Speaker , Honourable Members , before Mr. culture of the democracy actually takes over dictates the and We will have to hang in there , content and the idiom of politics . Mr. Speaker , Honourable Members , and I again say we must mobilise , and mobilise and mobilise over and over again so that we can bring democracy to the

people .

Nobody is going to do it effectively in black society if we do not do it , and here I come to a very important aspect of South African politics .

Mr. We table , at Speaker , negotiat the be to going are ing We table . The IFP will be at the negotiat Members . Honourab ion le of South Africa's right to are going to be adamant in our assertio n We are not going . developm be shaped by multi - Party politica en s l not allow radical change to take place in whit ch the people are and wheelin consulte . are just not going to allow politica We g l d dealing .

We

to will stand up ready to co - operate , ready to work and ready smash that which is done outside democracy . That is a statement which I believe in correct idiom , people should put in their pipe and smoke .

48

We

are

not going

to allow the ANC to blandly go

forth

the

into

world proclaiming sublimely that they are the only spokesmen of the poor and the oppressed . will This real make reconciliation impossible in and fact can even fan the flames the of current violence .

My brother , Dr. Nelson Mandela , as respected as he is by me , and as loved as he is by me , actually must now stop with this silly talk waiting . that he indulges in of the ANC being a government in the That idiom is the idiom of Mr. Walter Sisulu's letter to me . It is the command politics the ANC thinks of South Africa .

There

will

politics

not be

it

can

command politics .

or there will be

real

foist

There

problems

on me

will

be

and the

rest

democratic

ahead .

Mr. Speaker , Honourable Members , because of the importance of what Walter Sisulu's letter is so symbolic I am saying and because Mr. necessary of a fundamental malady in South Africa , I think it is actually for me to put on record in the annals of this House what transpired

in Durban on the

29th January

1991 .

Let me say briefly in advance of everything else I the meeting must go down as the that Durban

am going to say , most important

political event in South Africa since February 2nd Klerk set the whole political ball game rolling .

1990 when Mr.

de

The ANC , Mr. Speaker , I speak positively about the Durban meeting . Mandela's leadership , under came Dr. to that meeting quite during determined to seek the kind of reconciliation that emerged the day's proceedings .

bring Quite clearly the ANC sees the need to work with the IFP to were those who an end to violence and quite clearly on that day , desire genuine in their were genuine in their commitments , there with the peace and genuine in their felt need for an accord for IFP .

I

say

in

advance

of whatever else

I have to

say

that

in

that

meeting , Dr. Mandela could hardly have done more in recognising the the applauded he value my leadership in statements in which of homeland Government's African against the South stand KwaZulu policy and in which he applauded the constructive role I had release , and expressed the view that had in his gaining played that role , he would probably not have been released .

played not I

I also put on record , Mr. Speaker , Honourable Members , my sense of the ANC has appreciation for the constructive way in which

approached the Joint Committees we are setting up to give practical expression to the accords that we established in Durban on the 29th

49

January . F.T. Dr. involved

Inkatha Freedom Party's National Chairman , the Honourable Mdlalose , Minister without Portfolio , is almost weekly in one or another Work Group meeting with the ANC and

reports constructive

contributions

from the ANC side

thus

far .

Speaker , I read into the annals of this House the message that Mr. ANC and read I the Durban 29th meeting with the to brought I Mr. into it , Speaker , the message that Dr. Mandela brought to it . My address reads as follows :

MEETING OF

INKATHA FREEDOM PARTY AND THE AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS

Remarks By Mangosuthu Buthelezi President Inkatha Freedom Party ROYAL HOTEL ,

DURBAN .

29TH JANUARY

1991

It is my hope that today's meeting will be a coming together of the identify African National Congress and Inkatha Freedom Party to problem areas which inhibit , or perhaps even prohibit , the IFP two normalisation of relations between the ANC and the as actors of significance

in today's political

arena .

and is my hope that the separateness of the two organisations differences that exist between them with regard to policy and strategies and tactics can be made complementary in an overriding dominating , demanding commitment to South Africa and to the pursuit of the good of the State as being more important than the good of the Party .

It the

differences . We have We are different kinds of organisations . we turn History , however , demands that our differences into advantages for South Africa . The ANC will not disappear . It has Inkatha Freedom Party will returned home to South Africa to stay . not disappear . It is in politics to stay . We must get on with the together . the job of living We must get on with job of relationships . must work together normalising We in a shared commitment to make a South African democracy work for the benefit of the people . We must together help develop a constitution and a over government which is capable of making political victories Politics must apartheid beneficial to people . make victories meaningful for the people in terms of perceived improvements their standards of living and improvements in the prospects economic and social advancement .

in of

It is my hope that we will come together and share in an historic the responsibility to work for final victory for the people in finally forever and fully and and struggle for liberation , understand that

killing

for political

purposes must

cease .

concerted , It is my hope that today's meeting will lead to strong , to and form sustained action against violence in every the be elimination of the politics of intimidation . Let the people free

in their sovereignty to decide

the who's who

of South Africa's

50

political leadership . to appoint governments they so desire .

Let the people be free of their choice and to

in their sovereignty remove them whenever

I approach this meeting with the sovereignty the of people uppermost in my mind . People have voted with their feet against Inkatha . People have joined the armed struggle . People have sought the economic and political isolation of South Africa . People have politics in which inevitably leads to sought confrontationism politics which in Africa violence and brings closer the position in South which becomes ungovernable . The people are entitled to hold their opinions . to differ with each other about politics . The

They are entitled existence separate

of the ANC and Inkatha Freedom Party is a product of the people's will . We each exist legitimately . We each have a right to exist . We each have an historical role to play . Let us get on with the job of finally liberating South Africa without thrashing out at each other as we move forward . I repeat , violence must cease and when Dr. Nelson Mandela called on knives and pangas into the sea , the people to throw their guns , five - a - side endorsed his call . I endorse it again today . The turned to proposals turned seven - a - side peace talks , peace talks , for a

12 - a - side

come Ι reality .

to

peace

talks

must

today's gathering

go

on .

from a

long

exposure

to

political

I

do not come to make unrealistic , naive proposals and I do not come with unreal idealistic expectations . I know that there relationships are is a great deal to be done before normalised and Inkatha Freedom Party . between the ANC I know that both achieving organisations will encounter difficulties in finally success . It is my hope , however , that we can find the beginning to what I know can be done and find a beginning that can lead to final success . This begin

is my frame of mind and these are my hopes . I turn now to to have my say . I must do so by starting where we left off

in London in October 1979. I papers I presented at that

read you a paragraph of one of the fateful Inkatha/ ANC I Inkatha/ ANC meeting . presented papers against the background of knowing that the ANC was as primarily committed to the armed struggle , committed to it a central means of bringing about the liberation of South Africa and committed to it in such a way that they had for more than a decade refused to become involved in internal democratic opposition to apartheid because such involvement would detract from making the armed struggle the

primary means

I knew this

London

and

in

I

of bringing about

change .

said :

"I again stress that I believe non - violence could still however , work . The people , do not want me to condemn who have opted for violence . I do not do so so publicly on many occasions . "

and

I have

just those stated

to Oliver Tambo and those with him to Mr. that suggested I . Inkatha and me with action engage in non -violent the P.W. Botha , Mr. between us we would have the power to force talks peace in engage to , Africa South new Prime Minister of then leading to power - sharing . I said : I,

however ,

appealed

51

" Is it too much to ask that you be willing to talk to Mr. P.W. Botha ? Is it too much to ask of him? I ask these questions is a not because I am naive but because I know that this we correct interpretation of the people's mood . If ignore this fact we will invite the people to abandon you and I and seek expression for their mood in others . I see in this possibility a third force situation in which Inkatha and the ANC will be

thrown

into a Black/ Black civil war . "

That it did so is indeed why we are That has indeed come to pass . conflict today . here The origins of violence in the Inkatha / ANC that to We must go back London in October 1979. in originated break point

in our history .

I want to state quite categorically that on no occasion did I ever disclose to anybody what was said at that meeting in London . I announced the fact that we had met . It would have been mad of me we not to do so . It would have been stupid of me to think that in secret . could have met I took 20 people with When I me . arrived at Heathrow Airport , knowledge of the proposed meeting was with the press .

my on The betrayed I had that intimating integrity attacks The damage those of confidentiality totally unjustified . were damage So What made the remain and must be dealt with . attacks was my real understanding of why the ANC opted for violence . great die " The people demand that I At that same London meeting I said : the to comes abandon non - violence when it I that than rather stated I have so - called independence for KwaZulu . of question Koornhof that I would consider opting for violence publicly to Dr. so - called if I would consider crossing the border into exile and These were not independence was thrust upon me . am prepared to die in these circumstances because no less . "

empty words and I the people demand

nonI pause briefly to labour the point because my commitment to violence was not some kind of naive pacifism . It was strategic thinking that led me to remain committed to non -violence . sides crossing led to me on commitment which could have the When I was slammed , question . maligned , sworn at , humiliated and when attempts were made to castrate me politically because I was Future not committed to violence , doors were slammed in my face . prospects

of joining

forces with the ANC were

destroyed .

with hindsight wisdom , we can look back and say we Perhaps now , were wrong to make what I said about the armed struggle , and what I did about it , a make or break issue . believe we can look at the past now more dispassionately than we I National and international events demand could at any other time . crimes We can now see quite simply that Stalin's that we do so . committed he name lead to the glorious future in whose did not We can see now that violence and confrontation are crimes . those radical d seeing are done We world . g whole the by aban bein s es r ue pe ment which plac othe mbiq and Euro East , in Moca readjust es hies tegi osop stra , the evidence a global moving away from the phil revolutionary tactics which surrounded the South African the and

commitment

to the armed

struggle

in the

1970's .

52

a new world and there will be

is

There

a new South Africa

in

it .

We dare not prejudice the future by dragging past conflict based on We must draw a line and premises into the future . ill - conceived say that we We can crucial

are

leaving the

past to the past .

only do so if we put the issues in it . Papering

past behind by looking at over past difficulties will

the not We

lead to reconciled normality in our political relationships . must abandon the past by picking it up and throwing it away boldly .

We need at this historic meeting to tease out the questions of to what extent the slamming of Inkatha Freedom Party by the ANC amounts to no more than the perpetuation of conflict which arose in circumstances which must be seen as filled with what was patently wrong perceptions .

The It will not win any day . armed struggle has not won the day . To slam me now because I refused to indulge in a failing tactic in the past , just does not make sense . It seems to me that we can agree to disagree on that without vilifying each other . very few members of this National Executive of the ANC who have not at one time or another indulged in my vilification . I will quote you examples of what I am referring to , just now . I am not quoting these things in any spirit of confrontation but as examples of how to impossible it is going to be to achieve peace and stop the violence so long as these utterances dominate the rhetoric of ANC spokespersons . all know that the We President of the ANC ,

reason why we have not met with the Mandela , Dr. is because some people

Deputy

in the ANC think this would amount to him contaminating himself with me . For example , in Lusaka on the 31st August last year , Dr. Mandela was quoted saying that he was not prepared Buthelezi , to meet saying that such a meeting would be " a serious mistake . " said : He "We cannot meet a man who wants to see the blood of black people , that we cannot do . " The Deputy President of the ANC was again quoted on the 30th September saying : " Mr. Buthelezi has attacked the ANC in very unacceptable terms and when he did that of course he angered the people and it became understandable that they felt the time was not ripe for me to meet him . But , if he could keep quiet then perhaps we could succeed in creating atmosphere the where we could meet . "

to read a report wish I which reads as follows : " DON'T

in The

Daily News

EVEN MENTION BUTHELEZI ,

of the

MANDELA TELLS

16th

June

ITALIAN

1990

PRESS :

Rome : ANC leader Nelson Mandela , in a sharply worded criticism of Mangope Lucas leaders , homeland African South of Dr. Buthelezi Mangosuthu KwaZulu's and Bophuthatswana Rome press a the mention of their names at said yesterday Conference was ' unfortunate ' . Mr. Mandela in Rome on his European tour was asked about relations between African the National Congress and the nominally independent self - governing homelands , with specific reference to Mr. Mangope and Dr. Buthelezi . ' You

have unfortunately referred to two men whose

should not

have mentioned

at

all , '

he

told his

names

questioner .

you

53

the ' Mangope has already been overthrown by people of he was despised by Metsing and ... was only Bophuthatswana back in power by South Africa . I don't think he is any factor at all ."

was Mr. ' in no better position than Mangope ' Dr. Buthelezi Mandela said . ' We are having discussions with five homeland leaders - Buthelezi is the sixth - he is the only one who is having no discussions with us . ' leaders . ' He is neither speaking to us nor the five homeland What he does is to work with the Government on projects which we do not believe are in the interests of the black people or the struggle '

Mr.

Mandela

said . "

Then there was a subsequent interview with the Deputy President of the ANC and TIME magazine , The with Scott MacLeod in Rome . last part

of the

interview reads as

Question : Natal ?

Why

follows :

have you not

been able

to

end

the

fighting

in

Answer : If it were a question of conflict between Mangosuthu Buthelezi's Inkatha (movement ) and the ANC we would have solved this matter But long ago . problem my is the government , because what is happening in Natal is no longer a clash between the ANC and Inkatha . government has taken advantage of the clash The between the two organisations to crush the ANC its and eliminate membership in Natal . I have asked simple Klerk de the question , why has the government failed to suppress that violence for more than four and a half years , and when almost 4 000 people have died ? And de Klerk has never been able to give me

a

Question : important

satisfactory answer . Would it help

if you met with Buthelezi ?

It is

an

question .

It There are six homeland is not important to us . Answer : What is leaders in South Africa . We are working with five . the importance of Buthelezi ? I don't see it . the Before Deputy President was released from numerous occasions where members of the National

jail there were the Executive of fair which is ANC in exile have not ended with just my criticism , enough , but have gone further and just vilified me . I expect to be criticised as all of are fair game as long us we as are in politics . But what has caused the violence are these vilification campaigns which have been carried on from the highest echelons of the ANC to the very lowest . following

a is Secretarystatement which was reported to have been issued by the General of the ANC , Mr. Alfred Nzo , on the 30th August 1985 : For

example ,

"At the

according

to

a

press

report the

throughout people , a time when the vast majority of our mortal breadth of our country are locked in and length

54

apartheid of machinery oppressive treachery abject most the than less nothing colonialism , it is for any black person , let alone one who claims to be a leader , By force . police racist as an auxiliary of the enrol to

combat

against

the

to join the racists in the persecution of members of choosing the leadership of Inkatha has placed the democratic movement , The ANC draws the attention itself in the camp of the enemy . the oppressed , other sections of of the democratic movement , the Inkatha , and of and file members rank the including been to the dangerous role that has community international assumed by Buthelezi

and

leaders

of

Inkatha . "

Again in 1986 Mr. Nzo was quoted in the media as having stated that eliminated , and that " collaborators with the enemy " should be have was necklacing an acceptable means which the people at home devised to deal with collaborators .

The media further quoted the Secretary - General of the ANC , Mr. on the 2nd February 1988 : " It is not black - on - black violence .

Nzo , It

is the democratic forces in South Africa which are fighting against the repressive arms of the State . " He described Inkatha members as thugs and described Buthelezi as a puppet who was working with agents of the Pretoria regime to ferment unrest . (This was in the transcripts of Radio Freedom . ) Again , according to Radio Freedom broadcast of the 6th October 1985 Joe Mr. Slovo , a member of the National Executive of the ANC was quoted saying : " Some of the danger points to which we ? ( completely ) refer is first of all the need to be on guard against the evil of tribalism , and we must learn to recognise that tribalism every time it tries to disguise itself as is the case with Chief Gatsha Buthelezi . " Then on June 27th 1989 the Director of international affairs had a Aaron Mnisi . I will not go press conference in Denmark with Mr. into details of the whole interview . I have a few copies of the transcript entire of the interview . this Question No. 4 of interview was :

" In case , the elections , after that step forward democracy in South Africa - release of Nelson Mandela

to more - and if

there is a chance in the actual policy of the government - are you prepared to participate in the Conference in South Africa involved , or outside South Africa with all the parties Chief Buthelezi and so on . Are you including prepared to participate in negotiations ?

is Like the other Bantustan Chiefs Gatsha Buthelezi Chief . At the end of the month , bantustan he receives from salary Pretoria . The daily task he carries out is

a a to

administer the section of the South African apartheid system So , as the head of the KwaZulu Bantustan Chief Minister . unless by his actions he defines himself as belonging not to the de Klerk side but to this side . Sure he would want to be around such a negotiating table and would take part , okay as I The claims that are said , but ( unclear ) apartheid structures . made about Gatsha Buthelezi which are very false [that he is ] leader of the six million , seven , eight million Zulus . Buthelezi has never been leader of the six , eight seven , million . The Zulu people have got a King . If you look at the

55

traditional structures of the Zulu people it is a King Zulu who could say in traditional terms : I am the leader of So many Zulus . ' Gatsha Buthelezi is a minor Chief . In the traditional structure there's no way in which he claim can that he's the leader of the six million . But he has made a claim . Buthelezi has never been elected by anybody to be Chief of Minister the KwaZulu Bantustan . He was appointed by traditional So I am saying that if you look at Pretoria . structures government , of Buthelezi cannot claim to be a representative of the Zulu people . If you look at more modern things in terms of elections , he can't claim he was elected either . He was appointed by Pretoria , and placed there and month , the called Chief Minister , is paid at the end of is with supplied a Mercedes Benz to drive around and all that . say , And so sure let me come and sit to negotiate . But as I his place and his activities would define him as part of the de Klerk administration unless he acts in a way which defines him . once But sure the ANC would have no problems that climate was created , the use of political on ... "

At

the

time

of the

because the creation of that climate by prisoners and banned organisations and so

Groote

discussions ,

Schuur

addressed the Cape Town Press regards me as being on Mr. de

Club and again Klerk's side .

Thabo

Mr.

repeated

that

the

Mbeki ANC

Other members of the ANC leadership have been more temperate in addressing Gwala , For example , their language . Mr. Harry a Pietermaritzburg rally on the 25th August 1990 on the subject of said that the passionate plea for peace the Natal violence , made Shope just before him by NEC member John Nkadimeng and Ms Gertrude He should be directed " to Ulundi - the cause of the bloodshed . " " For added that a Buthelezi /Mandela meeting wouldn't stop the war . bloodshed won't long as as there are warlords and hit squads the stop . " According to transcripts of Radio Freedom of the 16th November 1986 Mr. Chris Hani commenting on Buthelezi's possible participation in the proposed National Statutory Council if Mandela were released and

if Mandela

agreed to participate

said :

I participate . has expressed his willingness to " Well , he backthink he is using Comrade Nelson Mandela to justify his Comrade , that our people are There is no way , peddling go . to collaborate with Botha We say Botha should going wasting time their are Buthelezi Gatsha like People the because experiments , futile Botha's in participating exp the rej are eri peo se our of ect ments majority ple ing He will be He will be isolated . Gatsha will be alone there . but he driving those beautiful cars and getting a fat salary , And he must be careful of will be doing it as an individual . to known the verdict of our people and our people have been with the right verdict against anybody who collaborates pass that

regime . "

Mr.

Chris

1987

saying : "I

Hani was

again

believe Gatsha

popularity

is

is waning ,

quoted by Radio

living

in a

Freedom on the

fool's paradise .

is clearly waning .

In Durban ,

25th

May

Inkatha's Gatsha is

56

using That

force to impose himself and his Inkatha on the people . is why they are committing , that is why Gatsha and the

Inkatha are committing Gatsha must be exposed the Zulu people . He heroic kings of Natal , there by imperialism

acts of violence for what he is . is not following

against our people He is not a leader of the traditions of the

of the Zulus ... He is a stooge placed and the reactionary circles our in

country . That is why now and again Botha sends him to America to argue more and more investments , to go and for campaign against the disinvestment in America Western and the Thatcher countries . That is why we see him hugging Margaret from time to time , he is a because he is their running dog , lackey . "

Then

again

on

Radio

Freedom

of

the

26th

Buthelezi's " dirty role " in Pietermaritzburg of Pretoria , Mr. Chris Hani said :

September

1987

on

and on him as an agent

"We cannot imagine white domination being effective without organising puppets ... So now you get the black police , the councillors , Chiefs , the bantustan black the homeland you see , to keep our people in governments , being used , enslavement , in subjection . So all these people , though they fact in are black , are an active instrument of the whole system of oppression ... So our people , the militants in our country , correctly deal with these people ... So , it is the stooges Rajbansi , Buthelezi and others who have got a stake in dividing our people . " that Hani as saying ( London ) reported Mr. The Times , 1988 In Central Inkatha's assassination included members of for targets Furthermore , said the paper , Mr. Hani " was unapologetic Committee . ' collaborators ! his support for the selective killing of black in ANC'S the He said and township councillors . policemen as such policy was to politically ' isolate and destroy ' Inkatha leaders and And again , in Mangosuthu Buthelezi . Dr. KwaZulu Chief Minister , July 1990 Mr. Hani was quoted repeating this , urging that Buthelezi be isolated . "

A Patrick former Chairman of the Southern Region of the ANC , Mr. Durban Lekota , addressing an End Conscription Campaign meeting in stated :

" The ANC wants Mangosuthu Buthelezi's power as KwaZulu Minister and Minister of KwaZulu Police to be rescinded government as a step towards peace in Natal .

Chief

by

the

If the government is not prepared to do that , then serious consideration would have to be given by the ANC whether it to defend her should take the political responsibility people . " Speaking at the ECC meeting Mr. Lekota described me as the National Party dog : " If we had a dog , we would hold our dog . De Klerk must reign his dog " he said .

I ask that he quietly John Mr. Nkadimeng is present here today . must the world that he was wrong in calling me a snake that tells In an ANC broadcast on the 21 November 1986 on be hit on the head .

57

speaking for John Nkadimeng , Mr. Radio Freedom from Addis Ababa , Africa to of South onus is on the people said : "The the ANC neutralise Gatsha , the snake which is poisoning the people of South talk . That is killing needs to be hit on the head . " It Africa . cease must . assassination Character . cease must talk Killing do things these not but it will not cease if must cease , Killing cease . I believe is the very crux of what we as leaders This of We cannot put the the two organisations are gathered here about . We must do the first things first . cart before the horse .

will face difficulties in normalising relationships between us . We Midlands their with not know how the ANC is going to deal do I peace and membership which slammed the ANC / IFP leadership Region how I do not know and the joint tour into stricken areas . moves is going to deal with the youth who want to Mandela Dr. throttle him when he wants to meet with me . tactics Fortunately I and Inkatha have criticised ANC policies and talking strategies and constructively . In the decades of my and publicly , in the thousands of documents I have produced in decades , those there is no one character assassination of Mr. Dr. Johnny Oliver Tambo , Nelson Mandela , Nzo , Mr. Mr. Alfred I Makhatani [ who said the ANC would ban Inkatha ] or anybody else . have not bred hatred for the ANC into Inkatha's rank and file .

of the ANC/ SACP /UDF / COSATU alliance have on the other hand Members Inkatha the of that are hurled at members expletives invented and me members by are sung about songs Freedom Party . Vile Party Freedom I and members of the Inkatha supporters of the ANC . I and members of the Inkatha Freedom Party are called names . are oxubhagwinye ; okopa - munce ; war- lords ; called oklova , otheleweni ; sell - outs ,

etc.

I challenge anyone to mention one single expletive that we in the leadership Freedom Party have ever hurled at the or Inkatha membership of the ANC/ SACP/ UDF / COSATU alliance . Not once have I insults , which song ever heard a sung by members of the IFP defames or denigrates , vilifies a single member of the ANC leadership or membership . If we really want to defuse the violence which has so shamed all of us , let us start by eliminating all this if we are killing talk . We must do that as the very first thing , serious about eliminating violence that has so devastated all our people .

I welcomed each senior leadership of the ANC came out of jail , As We must deal them and stretched out a hand of friendship to them . doing was damage that occurred when it was said that I the with to Mandela simply and it was said that I wanted to meet Dr. this ity ity credibil by credibil gain l not does One . politica gain in committed having who blunder politically those with siding bringing of the armed struggle as a primary means to themselves internal in change , involved about refusing to become in and that to apartheid until it was quite clear opposition democratic that ANC the emerge to do so in the vacuum would forces third refusal

had

created .

I repeat the sentiment that it is my hope that today's meeting will lead to the discovering of starting points for the process of normalising relationships between us . because I want reconciliation . I

I am saying what am saying what I

I

am saying am saying

58

because reconciliation must be based on honesty . We cannot solve these problems by sweeping things under the carpet . We cannot solve these problems by skirting these issues which are at the core of this conflict . We

need

today an honest ,

unequivocal

statement

that by the ANC Inkatha Freedom Party is a legitimate political organisation in its own right and belongs in the South African political spectrum and

will

rightfully be there

in its

own right

at the

negotiating table .

We must deal with the notion that because Inkatha Freedom Party will not be there standing behind Dr. Mandela and standing in the shadow of the ANC , it will be there in opposition to the ANC . The ANC must publicly state that Inkatha will be at the negotiating table in its own right and that it does not regard Inkatha there in its own right as a Party standing behind the Government . I will seek common cause with Mr. F.W. de Klerk , the National Party and the Government , I wherever that common cause is justified . is will seek common cause with the ANC wherever that common cause justified . Inkatha has a political mind of its own and it will choose allies

on the

basis

of the

issues being

fought .

one just does not do in normalised political work Inkatha Freedom Party and the ANC must in able t lly cept ned rds emen tota unac defi of what is towa a stat on . not other . Killing is just Character dealing with each assassination is just not on . Vast distortions and lies about each other are just not on . Commenting about each other in what amounts Criticism yes ! Vilification , No , to killing talk is just not on . No and No a thousand times No !

are some things There relationships . Both

which Perhaps we can establish a joint Code of Conduct Commission situation look at what Parties in a South African democratic will make let us In sorting out our own problems , can and cannot do . In level . beneficial to politics at the national solutions the hostilities the insane sorting out our differences and overcoming of idiom let us contribute to the at times erupted , have which to going are we if democracy essential politics which will be in will arrive at a situation in which politics produces the national that is required to the people . Today's manner ,

to

keep

a democracy working

and make

it

beneficial

meeting should , in a resolution worded in one or another both withdraw in principle from any past statements which

amounted to killing talk and which were truly derogatory in a way , and set up some task force to extract these statements documents and

compile

a

list

of political

taboo - type

mean from

statements .

One should actually say as little about the past as possible . should only say that which is necessary to remove the things

One from

the present and the future which should not be there and which have their origins in the past . Let me turn to the present and 1 have said enough about the past . It right . Inkatha Freedom Party exists in its own future . the The prospects will be at the negotiating table in its own right . there were once of Inkatha Freedom Party and the ANC becoming that one force have been destroyed , possibly forever .

59

simply and I October the

I sought alliance politics with the ANC in the 1970's must quote from the discussion document I tabled at 1979 London meeting .

In

it

Inkatha

I

said :

as

a

" Political

dominant

force

emergence of theory which denies the Those who in the country is spurious .

claim to represent Black South Africa but who the masses , insult the masses . "

do not

identify

with

masses went to London with an Inkatha that was produced by the I those and Oliver Tambo but listen to what I actually said to Mr. I said , and I quote : around him . " There is in South Africa no room for multi - Party Party The idiom of Africa is towards a single

approaches . system . It

would be a tragic day for South Africa when a political force in the country emerged with a mass following which was opposed by the ANC . Such a tragedy would only be surpassed by the ANC leadership in exile alienating itself from a mass movement honouring the ideals of the ANC , flying the colours of the ANC and having the courage to publicly proclaim its identity with the ANC . "

There must be recognition for Inkatha's boldness in taking politics out of the world of whispers and meetings in the small hours of the morning . We did fly the colours of Black South Africa which were identified with the ANC because we came forth out of the ANC . We did fly these same colours and same symbols as the ANC because we that forth came to pick up where the ANC and PAC left off so we could work in tandem with these liberation movements in South Africa doing what we could in South Africa , and the ANC and the PAC doing what they could do from wherever they were .

however , came forth specifically to offer partnerships to the We , ANC . We felt that we could synchronise those things that we could in the President - General , Tambo , We were told by Mr. agree on . would e ANC the of Executiv National full the that 1979 in London and would then contact us on meeting in December of 1979 , be the instead the This never happened and that we discussed . matters first volley of personal attacks was fired by no less a personality in London on June 26 , 1980 . Nzo , Mr. than the Secretary - General , I was falsely accused of having leaked what was discussed Instead , and this was a blatant lie . are now gone . Bridges have been burnt behind us . changed has Politics . But the ideal of Inkatha and the ANC being complementary in what is beneficial for South Africa just must be we rediscovered and made central in a process in which now normalise relationships . Those

days

At the London conference

1.

Will that

2.

ANC

I

leadership

Inkatha

is

asked

these

questions

of the ANC :

in exile publicly acknowledge

a vital

force

in the

the

fact

struggle ?

Will ANC prepare a draft statement to anti - apartheid movements and discuss it with Inkatha ?

60

3.

Will ANC request donor agencies to support Inkatha projects on their merits and not reject them on political interests which distinguish Inkatha from ANC?

4 .

Will ANC publicly warn the Committee of Ten , WASA and COSAS and AZAPO that it is not in the interests of the struggle to attack Inkatha .

5.

Will the ANC discuss with international forums ?

Inkatha

stands the movement

6.

Will

Inkatha

information

the

diplomatic 7.

Will that

ANC share with connections ?

ANC advise relevant Government bodies and membership of Inkatha and the use of a

passport does not

8.

disqualify applications

for

gains

from

organisations South African

scholarships ?

the Will ANC publicly endorse a decision by Inkatha to take over the political control of Soweto by , things , among other taking

9.

it

takes in

Will

over Community Councils ?

the

Alliance ]

ANC publicly endorse as a political

move

the SABA

in the

Black

[ South African

right

direction ?

Had there been positive responses to these questions and had there been common action arising out of them , many , many thousands of Black South Africans who have died in Black - on - Black violence would 1979 today be alive . Had we joined forces in the terrible destitution of the people would not have been aggravated by violently destroyed and disrupted communities . There would not be the not

legacy of bitterness and hatred that there now is . There would be a whole generation of young people who have known only a

decade of hideous purposes .

The

Black - on - Black violence

of the ways

cost of the parting

and killing

in 1979

is

for political

enormous .

We

are

I am not talking about the past morally bound now to undo damage . I am talking about now . in saying these things . I am saying that is what must be done now and I am saying it must be done this crucial the fact that we differ with the ANC on some very despite In a letter to me dated the 3rd February 1989 , the Deputyissues . " Obviously , my present President of the ANC , Mandela stated : Dr. to see , hope in due course , is the restoration of the cordial relations which existed between you and 0.R. , and between the two organisations in the seventies . " Let

me

spell

them

out

so that we

can

seek

normality

in

our

relationships across genuinely held differences which are justified permit in democratic society . Our commitment to democracy should us to accept

that there

are

differences between us .

The I would like in talking about differences to issue a warning . more the ANC pursues objectives which just cannot be achieved , and more the it then turns to blame Inkatha and others for its inability to achieve them, relationship the more bedevilled the between Inkatha and the ANC will become . Let me cite some of the differences which fall into this category .

61

There There will not be a Constituent Assembly in South Africa . Assembly : will not be a Constituent followed by interim an government . Those things are not achievable in South Africa . The South ANC's commitment to achieve them is a commitment to fight & African realities

and

it

can only

lead to disaster

for us all .

The ANC mass action programme politically is taking the and locate to street corners to making al politics the in constitution development confrontation .

constitutionprocess of of violent

The ANC's attempt to claim political goals and then to mobilise mass action to support them , is using anarchistic approaches : because the threat is being made that all South Africa must bow to the demands or else ...

movement bold a peaceful settlement and hopes for a for Hopes but the into a real , non - racial democracy are justified , forward a racism remains As doomed as apartheid is , are fragile . hopes threat and fear remains productive of racism . I warn that there is a grave moves to force South Africans

and dangerous to leap into

situation in which any constitutional darkness

and any attempt to force South Africans to leap unknowns will have disastrous consequences .

into

constitutional

The route constituent assembly leading to transitional government must be likened to pushing South Africa out on to a great ocean which is charterless and filled with unknowns . We must know what kind of constitution we moving in its direction .

are

heading

towards

before we

even

begin

There should now not be fighting about who is going to introduce what constitution . There should be negotiation about the kind of constitution that we need . There should be negotiation about how The we are going to proceed towards adopting a new constitution . ANC is leaving no room for negotiation . It says there shall be a Constituent Assembly . It says there shall be an interim government and these demands . it says there shall be mass action to back up It says in effect that there shall be political conflict and even -· and political violence perhaps even a resorting to the armed struggle -

unless these

things

are

accepted .

I make an earnest appeal to the ANC to recognise that the involved politics in doing these things to South Africa conducive to normalised political

The the

of kind is not

relationships with other Parties .

ANC and Inkatha need to talk about alternative approaches and alternative approaches negotiation of politics

to to We generating politics . a new constitution out of constituency already have phase fact entered the first post - apartheid of in left South African politics . Apartheid is doomed and all that is is We need to to finally dismember it and throw its parts away .

post - apartheid talk about how we are going to move from this first phase of South African politics to a next phase which still has to defined which of be viewpoints the different we put and in different Parties to the test among the public .

62

Demanding

a Constituent

Assembly is

leap - froging over

this

vital

Backing the demand with street - corner action is seeking the step . good good of the ANC as a political Party and not seeking what is That is the IFP's viewpoint . That is my viewpoint . for the State . The ANC must talk to us about Right or wrong , it is our viewpoint . it . I

and

a great

many

amongst us today could go

on for a

considerable

period of time talking about the kind of detail I am raising , and talking about reactions to detail . I have raised some questions allowing of about the past . I warn about the dangers past difficulties , which with hindsight are seen to be historically conceived , to permeate into the present and continue into future . I have warned against killing talk .

illthe

I wrongs have called for beginnings to be made in reparation of from the past from all sides and I have said just sufficient to point out that it is not only the past that divides us . I have pointed out that in today's politics , today's political actions alienating forces prohibit which could well amount to the normalisation

However

we

of political

define

our

relationships . difficulties

and however

we

define

our

positions , we must end up today saying violence must stop . We must end up today committing ourselves to joint ventures in action violence . against We must end up today banishing forever the politics

of

intimidation which

leads to violence .

Members , could no Mr. Speaker , Honourable there be possible reconciliation between ourselves and the ANC unless I had tabled our deep disgust and reaction to the kind of hideous propaganda killing talk that they have levelled against us .

It would be difficult , Mr. in the world . The kind

and

Speaker , to find the equivalent anywhere of language that the ANC has used , the

imagery they have used and the charges that they have made , and the blame they have laid at Inkatha's door and at my feet , would not be found in any civilised country anywhere in the world .

the end of the day , At when the press were questioning us on the proceedings and the events of the day , Mr. John Battersby , Chairman of the Foreign Correspondents Association , asked accusing questions hostility ANC of why I produced this long list of evidence of Before I could respond , against myself and Inkatha Freedom Party . Dr. the Mandela himself responded by saying that had I not laid before the meeting , issue he , Mandela , doubted whether we would have reached the agreements and the accords we did reach . The tabling of the issues were necessary for a successful outcome of the day .

of They were , course , contained in my address yes , but subservience , The uniformity , no .

necessary but the real message that is reconciliation| to that meeting , was that Reconciliation yes , but conformity in Inkatha message in that address was that

63

Freedom party is its own political autonomous decision - making process . it exercises own choice .

was This political

its own right

accepted reality

break-through of the

I

now

read ,

Mr.

Mandela prepared

to

choose

It has

man .

its

own

internal

It has its own objectives and its tactics and strategies of

of acceptance by the ANC and it is this constituted of Inkatha Freedom Party that

the the

day .

Honourable Members ,

Speaker ,

for our meeting on the

the address

29th January

Dr.

in Durban :

OPENING ADDRESS BY THE DEPUTY PRESIDENT OF THE AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS NELSON MANDELA AT THE ANC/ IFP SUMMIT 29 JANUARY

1991

Chief Mangosuthu Buthelezi , President of the Inkatha Freedom Party ; Your Royal Highnesses : Princes of the Zulu Royal House ; Members of Central the Committee of Inkatha Freedom Party ; Comrades and Friends ;

Allow African express

on me , behalf of the National Executive Committee the of membership , National entire to Congress and indeed our for thi s profound gat my gratitude to all here , hered

historic encounter between our two organisations . I wish in particular to thank the ANC National Executive Committee , the Sub - committee on Natal led by Comrade John Nkadimeng and the Inkatha Freedom Party delegation led by Dr. Frank Mdlalose , as well as the Joint Working Committee , for the splendid preparatory work they have done to make this occasion the success that it must be . Our ultimate praise should indeed be reserved for the masses in the province of Natal and other parts of the country whose yearning for It is on peace is the driving force of our deliberations today . such their behalf that we crown the local and regional initiatives as the Lower Umfolozi Accord , with a meeting of this nature . It is to satisfy their yearning gathered here .

The

fact

that we have

and

facilitate

long and tortuous august itself gives this

traversed

availed opportunity this special significance .

their efforts that we have

a

road before its meeting

For us this meeting represents the culmination of persistent our efforts to bring an end to the confrontation which has plagued our two organisations and our people . We set up contact between the and Joint Working Committee of COSATU and UDF , on the one hand , Inkatha on the other . We hoped then that through this we body would be able to end the violence .

64

In July National violence .

1990 we went further and appointed four members of the Executive Committee of the ANC to form a sub - committee on The sub - committee was instructed to work in close Co-

operation with the JWC operating

in Natal .

I

from Victor Verster and

also wrote

to

concern over our

Chief Buthelezi failure

We are now meeting as a

to

expressed

stamp our the violence .

result

of the

initiative

taken by the ANC .

clear . Right at the outset we want to make one thing crystal We not have come here to apportion blame for the fact that it has taken so long before we managed to sit around a table of peace and reconciliation .

we if peace do we think that it would benefit the cause of Nor do those identify to fingers pointing meeting this in time our spent SO many left carnage which has terrible the for responsible thousands

of our people

dead and wounded .

we are to fulfil the true purpose of our If there get - together , must be no victors or losers as between the ANC and Inkatha . Only our people must be the victors . And the only losers should be those whose The

racist

policies

of the world

eyes

are

are

served by carnage

among blacks .

The majority

of the people

on us .

in

this ravaged province and other parts of the country certainly wish us success . The angels of death and destruction - the defenders of white minority rule - will the opposite . We must satisfy and disappoint in equal measure . We must deliver .

As you For me personally , this is a particularly important moment . know , this is not my first visit to the province of Natal . We have come and gone . We have urged an end to this inter- communal strife . But more often than not , we have talked at each other rather than with each other with the leadership of Inkatha in particular . literally Today we can at last exchange views on an issue which is a matter of life and death for so many of our people . Belated

as

it might be ,

I wish in particular personally to

thank

your Chief Mangosuthu Buthelezi and the leadership of Inkatha for contribution in helping secure my release and that of the other of our comfort movement . The messages of support and leaders during our Comrades

long years and

of

incarceration did not

compatriots ,

it

is

ironic that

go unnoticed . a

meeting

betwee

organisations of the oppressed should require such a special effor to accomplish . Be that as it may , it is certainly a tragedy tha the land of Kings Shaka , Dingane and Cetshwayo should drown in the self - inflicted blood - letting of its own sons and daughters . We

meet

in the province which has mothered

some

of

liberation figures of our whole country . Among the are the great warrior Bambata of the last armed

the

greates

unforgettable befor revolt

modern South African history . King Dinizulu , John Dube Gumede were founder members of the ANC . We owe these heroes , including Chief Albert Luthuli and Bishop Zulu , their graves .

and Josia and othe peace i

65

the against people for the unity of the were sacrifices Their common They system . of all the oppressed - the apartheid enemy finally the with that peace can prevail SO blood their shed destruction of the apartheid

system .

achieve . This is what the African National Congress was formed to The yoke And this is what it strives to attain today . of white colonial domination still rests on the shoulders of our people . То throw it off is the profound wish of every African , no matter what station he

The our

or she

might

occupy

in

life .

foundation stone laid by our forebears is the rock upon which divide encounter today must be based . The attempts to our

people along ethnic lines , to turn their rich variety into a dagger with which to pierce their hearts , must be made to fail .

There can be no salvation to our beleaguered country but the realisation by all and sundry that we are one people - black and in white ; cast a mould that can be different , but one interdependent people as the same - irrespective of the political and ideological creed that

each one

of us might hold dear .

Thanks to the untiring efforts of the people , era of apartheid is coming to an end .

the

grim and

infamous

administrators Our people had to sacrifice generously to bring the South of apartheid to the realisation that they have no future as our Africans if they do not accept the reality that the fate of country needs to be determined by all

its

people ,

as

equals .

interand Comrades compatriots , many thousands have died in violence , In communual in Natal and other parts of the country . door the final analysis , we are justified to lay the blame at the apartheid regime which has created of the conditions of such squallor and degradation among our people . We are certainly right to assert that the removal of this system is a basic precondition for an end to violence in our country . But generalities of this nature will not

take

us very

far .

Among ourselves , we could point fingers and apportion blame in all deflecting directions . that would satisfy an ego . Perhaps But criticism , however justified we may be in doing so , would not help resolve the problem .

We

could

pontificate .

climb

the

But the

shelves

and

carnage will

not

dust come

off to

old

chapters

to

an end .

there If perpetuate

was any leaf to take from the past , it to is how that which brought the ANC and Inkatha together many and how to eradicate that which rent us asunder in years ago ; The recent times . relationship motivation for the close that Inkatha and the ANC once enjoyed was our common declared to apartheid . Surely this motivation still remains !

opposition

reality does not subtract from the this was the case then , as both issues , certain and still differ on differed we appear might Uniformity , good as it individuals and organisations . on the surface , can in fact be a sign of malediction .

That that

66

into selfdifferences degenerate if worse still , is it affliction among the oppressed - to, so to speak , cut off our noses only shall have In the end we spite our faces . to order in ourselves to blame .

But

We have no choice but to co - exist - even if it were simply as South Africans . This means that we have to inculcate among ourselves and the rest of society the culture of tolerance and peaceful political engagement .

Those

who defend the privileges

of

a

minority perhaps

have

reason

to be intolerant of opposing views and seek to stamp out opponents by means of the baton , the bullet and the grey walls of apartheid dungeons .

detract only the oppressed to behave in like manner does not For but also serves to prolong the the fact of their oppression , from their suffering . period strategic the it is in of After all , instigates it that system of white domination of the interest inter - communual strife so as to debilitate its victims . We have learnt from the commendable experiences of the past dark era we are going through that , even if we differ on

and the crucial

questions , this does not rule out contact among our organisations Where we one lepers , and members . have treated another as suspicion reigned supreme . Rumours and feelings of hatred fed upon themselves to aggrevate the situation .

Therefore , contact agreement

today , meeting concrete outcome of our the whatever of areas precisely to nurture must continue ; us among and

seek

lasting

solutions to areas

of conflict .

and compatriots , Comrades the African National Congress believes that the efforts of or people have brought about a situation in which apartheid can be

eradicated by peaceful

means .

This requires an atmosphere of free political activity in which freely people can canvass their positions within the rest

all of

society . The use of force against others and the denial of access to public facilities , be it in inter- communual strife or by means differing of instruments of the state , hold simply because they views , only views of can make the the perpetrator the more despicable . Such that

free political activity and the peace that we require seek all the security forces of this land act impartially and in a

way that promotes peace . We also firmly hold the view that movement to that new South Africa is the business of all South Africans . It should be undertaken on the basis of mass involvement and broad consultation among all interested organisations . Our proposal for an All - Party Congress derives from this belief . So do our calls for an impartial a new supervisory mechanism as well as an elected body to draft constitution . Otherwise , the final product and the process itself will lack popular support . The

ANC

does

not demand

of the

Inkatha

Freedom

Party

complete

agreement with these our views . If we have to reach the prosperous to which we all aspire , South Africa we must let the culture of

67

debate

flower

in

full

bloom .

We must

ensure

that

every

South

those in the security forces , African , including help to build a More immediately , we must nation of which all of us can be proud . develop rebuild and removes communities in a manner that the potential

for violence

and heals the wounds

of conflict .

This challenge faces us as we start our historic deliberations . struggle , we have achieved the possibility of movement forward to a democratic future with a minimum of bloodshed . Today we are called upon to cement this . If we do play our role as a catalyst to this process we shall have accomplished our mission . To all intents and purpose we cannot Thank you . end . Let peace prevail .

afford to

fail .

Violence

must

Dr. Mandela's call for us to " ... inculcate among ourselves and the rest of society the culture of tolerance and peaceful political How far we can engagement " really was most welcome . go towards and how far we can go having fraternal relationships to really sharing things as brothers in putting the of course remains to be seen .

new South Africa

together

The agreements we reached and the accords we struck could yet have far- reaching implications for the political normalisation of The relationships between the IFP and the ANC . statement we concluded with reads as follows :

JOINT STATEMENT OF THE IFP/ANC MEETING HELD AT THE ROYAL HOTEL DURBAN ON THE 29TH JANUARY 1991

A MEETING OF DELEGATIONS OF THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE OF THE IFP AND THE NATIONAL EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE ANC , LED RESPECTIVELY BY MANGOSUTHU BUTHELEZI , PRESIDENT OF INKATHA FREEDOM PARTY AND DR . MANDELA , MR . NELSON DEPUTY PRESIDENT OF THE AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS WAS HELD IN DURBAN ON JANUARY 29TH 1991 .

CONSULTATION BETWEEN THE TWO ORGANISATIONS WAS HELD UNDER THE JOINT CHAIRMANSHIP OF DR . F.T. MDLALOSE , THE NATIONAL CHAIRMAN OF IFP AND MR . A. NZO , SECRETARY - GENERAL OF THE ANC .

THE

BUTHELEZI , MR NELSON OF THE IFP AND MANGOSUTHU PRESIDENT DR . BOTH ADDRESSED THE MEETING . MANDELA , DEPUTY PRESIDENT OF THE ANC , THEY OCCASION . THE THE HISTORIC IMPORTANCE OF EMPHASISED BOTH NATIONAL THEY WERE EXTREMELY CONSCIOUS OF THE HIGH THAT STRESSED AND INTERNATIONAL EXPECTATIONS FOR THE SUCCESS OF THE MEETING . THE PRIMARY PURPOSE OF THE MEETING WAS TO EXPLORE WAYS AND MEANS TO BRING ABOUT THE FINAL CESSATION OF THE VIOLENCE WHICH HAS ALREADY COST MORE THAN

8

000

LIVES AND CAUSED MILLIONS

OF RANDS

OF DAMAGE .

68

BETWEEN THE LEADERS EMPHASISED THE NEED TO NORMALISE RELATIONSHIPS AIM ERADICATING THE TWO ORGANISATIONS , IN PURSUIT OF THE OF ESTABLISHING A UNITED , DEMOCRATIC APARTHEID AND NON - RACIAL AND SOUTH AFRICA . IT WAS AGREED THAT IT WAS IMPERATIVE THAT THE DECISIONS TAKEN AND PROPOSALS ADOPTED SHOULD PERMEATE DOWN TO THE GRASS ROOTS THROUGH THE USE OF ALL AVAILABLE CHANNELS OF COMMUNICATION . DISCUSSIONS WERE FAR - REACHING AND FRANK AND BOTH SIDES AGREED THE NEED FOR FURTHER DISCUSSIONS .

END OF THE DISCUSSIONS THE AT DECLARATION WERE AGREED UPON :

AGREEMENT

THE FOLLOWING AGREEMENT

BETWEEN THE

ANC AND THE

AND

ON

JOINT

IFP

INTRODUCTION

1.

BOTH PARTIES CALL FOR AN END TO THE PRESENT VIOLENCE IN NATAL AND THE TRANSVAAL . THEY WILL TAKE STEPS TO PREVENT ACTS OF VIOLENCE AND DESTRUCTION AMONGST THEIR MEMBERS OR CARRIED OUT BY THEIR MEMBERS AND THEY WILL ACT TO DETER OTHER PARTIES FROM INSTIGATING AND CARRYING OUT ACTS OF VIOLENCE AND DESTRUCTION .

2.

BOTH PARTIES ARE COMMITTED TO POLITICAL TOLERANCE AND FREEDOM OF POLITICAL ACTIVITY . THE ANC AND IFP HAVE THE RIGHT ΤΟ EXIST AS POLITICAL ORGANISATIONS WITH THEIR OWN POLICIES AND PROGRAMMES . THE PARTIES WILL ACT TO CREATE A CLIMATE BETWEEN THEM FREE OF FORCED RECRUITMENT AND VILIFICATION .

3.

WITH PERSONS ALL THAT ΤΟ ENSURE ACT WILL PARTIES BOTH ALL BY USE THEIR ES ALLOW WILL FACILITI TY PUBLIC OVER AUTHORI THIS AFFILIATION . POLITICAL OF THEIR IRRESPECTIVE PEOPLE FACILITIES AND VENUES AS SUCH FACILITIES TO APPLIES VARIETY OF SHED IONAL A AND ESTABLI FOR RECREAT SPECIFICALLY ES . COMMUNITY ACTIVITI

IN PARTICULAR BOTH PARTIES URGE A RETURN SCHOOL , NORMAL ΤΟ LEARNING AND TEACHING AND WILL TAKE STEPS TO ENSURE NO PUPIL IS EXCLUDED FROM A SCHOOL BY VIRTUE OF POLITICAL AFFILIATION . 4.

BOTH PARTIES WISH TO STATE THEIR FIRM BELIEF THAT NO MATTER WHAT AGREEMENTS MAY BE REACHED BETWEEN THEM , THE ATTAINMENT OF PEACE ALSO REQUIRES THE EXISTENCE OF AN EFFECTIVE PEACEKEEPING ROLE BY THE SECURITY FORCES AND THAT THE SOUTH AFRICAN GOVERNMENT MUST ACCEPT ITS RESPONSIBILITIES IN THIS REGARD . BOTH PARTIES AGREE TO TAKE FORCE MEMBERS WOULD

STEPS TO ENSURE THAT ALL

SECURITY

ACT WITHOUT POLITICAL BIAS RECEIVE PROFESSIONAL AND APPROPRIATE TRAINING AS A PEACEKEEPING FORCE SENSITIVE FOR ACT AND FUNCTION WITH DUE RESPECT THE COMMUNITY SITUATION THAT EXISTS

69

5.

THAT IS ESSENTIAL BELIEVE IT THAT BOTH PARTIES A RECONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME IS EXPEDITED ΤΟ REDUCE THE POTENTIAL FOR VIOLENCE . THIS IS PARTICULARLY THE CASE IN NATAL AND IN THE TRANSVAAL HOSTELS . THIS PROGRAMME MUST BE ABOVE PARTISAN CONSIDERATIONS AND BE DESIGNED TO MEET THE NEEDS OF ALL PEOPLE IRRESPECTIVE OF ANY AFFILIATION THEY MAY HOLD .

THE AND PROGRAMME MUST GIVE PRIORITY TO REFUGEES DISPLACED FROM PERSONS ARISING THE VIOLENCE AND TAKE ALL STEPS TO PEACEFULLY AND EFFECTIVELY REINTEGRATE DIVIDED COMMUNITIES . IMPLEMENTATION

IN ORDER HIGHTO IMPLEMENT THE PRINCIPLES AGREED UPON TODAY THE LEVEL CONTACT BETWEEN THE IFP AND THE ANC WILL CONTINUE THROUGH EXISTING JOINT MECHANISMS . THE COMMITTEES CHARGED WITH THIS TASK AND WILL , AFTER DUE AND PROPER INVOLVEMENT OF LOCAL LEADERSHIP GRASS ROOTS STRUCTURES , REPORT TO THE ANC NATIONAL EXECUTIVE AND TO AND THE IFP CENTRAL COMMITTEE ON OBSTACLES ENCOUNTERED PROGRESS MADE IN TERMS OF THE FOLLOWING BRIEF : PRINCIPLE

1

ΤΟ DEVELOP BETWEEN THE LEVEL PEACE

VIOLENCE PRACTICAL STEPS TO BRING ABOUT AN END ΤΟ ORGANISATIONS IN THESE REGIONS TO FACILITATE LOCAL INITIATIVES AND TO ACT AS CRISIS CONTACT POINTS . THE

COMMITTEES MUST CONSOLIDATE AND IMPLEMENT SUCH AS THE LOWER UMFOLOZI PEACE ACCORD .

PRINCIPLE

LOCAL AGREEMENTS

2

ΤΟ

ENSURE THAT ALL PERSONS AFFECTED BY THIS AGREEMENT AND THAT THEY TAKE ACTIVE PRINCIPLE

EXISTING

PRINCIPLE STEPS

TO

1 ARE AWARE IMPLEMENT IT .

OF

3

THE ANC AND THE IFP WILL CO - OPERATE IN INITIATING AND IMPLEMENTING DEVASTATED BY NON - PARTISAN RECONSTRUCTION PROGRAMMES IN AREAS VIOLENCE . ALL RESOURCES AVAILABLE TO ANY ONE ORGANISATION FOR RECONSTRUCTION WORK SHOULD , WHEREVER FEASIBLE AND DESIRABLE , BE MADE AVAILABLE TO A TRUST FUND TO BE JOINTLY ADMINISTERED .

PRINCIPLE 4 ΤΟ DEVELOP A CODE OR CODES OF CONDUCT BASED ON ACCEPTED PRINCIPLES PRACTICES AND WHICH DO NOT IMPINGE NEGATIVELY ON THE RIGHTS OF INDIVIDUALS AND POLITICAL GROUPS AND WHICH ARE EQUALLY APPLICABLE TO BOTH ORGANISATIONS AND ALL SECURITY FORCES .

JOINT DECLARATION OF THE ANC AND

THE WE FREEDOM

IFP

LEADERS OF THE AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS AND PARTY MEETING IN DURBAN ON 29TH JANUARY 1991 ,

THE INKATHA APPALLED AT

70

THE

TRAGIC

VIOLENCE WHICH HAS

DECIMATED MANY

OF

OUR

COMMUNITIES

NOW SOLEMNLY :

OVER THE YEARS , 1.

CALL UPON ALL OUR PEOPLE , MEMBERS OF THE ANC AND IFP AS WELL AS OUR ALLIES TO CEASE ALL ATTACKS AGAINST ONE ANOTHER WITH IMMEDIATE EFFECT : AND TO PROMOTE THE QUEST FOR PEACE WITHIN OUR COMMUNITIES ;

2.

DESIST ΤΟ SUPPORTERS AND MEMBERSHIP ; LEADERS AND ORGANIS OUR ATIONS VILIFICATION OF EITHER OF

3.

COERCE FURTHER CALL ON ALL OUR MEMBERS AND SUPPORTERS NOT TO AND STRATEGI THEIR ES OF PURSUIT IN ANYONE OR INTIMIDATE

CALL

FROM

OUR

UPON

PROGRAMMES ; 4.

RESOLVE

ΤΟ

VIOLATIONS

5.

USE THE

EXISTING JOINT MECHANISM TO

MONITOR

ALL

OF THE AGREEMENT AND RECOMMEND APPROPRIATE ACTION ;

RESOLVE TO ORGANISE A JOINT TOUR OF ALL AFFECTED AREAS , BY THE THE ANC , DEPUTY PRESIDENT OF MR . NELSON MANDELA AND THE CONCRETE PRESIDENT OF THE IFP , DR . MANGOSUTHU BUTHELEZI . ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE TOUR WILL BE MADE BY APPROPRIATE JOINT STRUCTURES .

FURTHER TOP - LEVEL MEETINGS WILL BE HELD FROM TIME TO TIME AS NEED ARISES , TO ADDRESS AMONG OTHER ISSUES , JOINT ACTIVITIES ΤΟ ERADICATE THE SYSTEM OF APARTHEID WITHIN THE SHORTEST POSSIBLE TIME .

Mr.

Speaker ,

Honourable Members ,

I

really

am not so naive

as

to

The importance believe that reconciliation was actually achieved . the occasion was the clear decision on both sides to work in an of Party attempt Freedom to normalise relationships between Inkatha and the African National Congress .

you do not have to agree with everybody you are decent to and You you When . with agree you those to decent be to have not only do enemies your treat to strength strength enough have you , real have fight even or indeed , with respect and to campaign against them against

them - with dignity .

The killing talk now just must stop killing each other for political

in South Africa . reasons . The

We must stop importance of

January 29th meeting in Durban between the IFP and the ANC is that accepted by this need for the stopping of killing was tabled and both sides . Of course , Mr. there will be

Speaker , Honourable Members , this does not mean that an overnight cessation of violence in South Africa .

Indeed , no sooner had we struck the accords we did strike in Durban the than Umgababa violence erupted again . No sooner had that violence broken out than the Ndwedwe violence broke out again . of course have also had the hideous violence in Bekkersdal in Alexandra , and no sooner had that violence broken out , than Port Shepstone violence broke out .

We and the

71

I There was also a bus ambush at KwaShange on the 10th of February in Then there was which 18 Inkatha Freedom Party members were killed . area , a also another attack on a bus last week at Table Mountain few days after Inkosi Maphumulo's funeral . About nine people , who included Inkatha Freedom Party members , sustained bullet wounds .

They , violence . of with these outbreaks faced still fail ure . a was meet Durb the that ing not indicate an do There are many areas in which we are campaigning and moving towards our which of peace . There are many areas in the establishment . fact stab a prov or is so doin ilis presence in ing g ing We are however ,

The I have a belief in the ultimate efficacy of working for peace . until people indications are that violence flares and spreads literally have had a gutsful of it and then put their foot down to say no more to violence . Research is showing that communities can be reclaimed from violence .

The Inkatha Institute has been looking at this question and I would encourages like to read to you a short statement which us to believe show that more that research would greater evidence violence can be eradicated . It reads as follows :

SOME

INSTITUTE GENERAL OBSERVATIONS ON RECENT INKATHA RESEARCH FINDINGS REGARDING COMMUNITIES IN WHICH PEACE HAS RETURNED

Because the media thrives on sensation , war conflict make news headlines . Ordinary peace does not make Peace warrants However ,

as

no mention because peace remarkable

as

does not

the hideous

and violence news . good

sell newspapers .

violence

in

Natal

and

elsewhere has been , perhaps as significant and dramatic must be the violent , that in many areas that were previously very fact peace has " broken out . "

The Inkatha Institute has been conducting that were hitherto ridden with conflict ,

research into communities consumed with hatred and

engulfed in death and destruction . There were areas in the which were effectively no - go areas for either the ANC or the areas where outsiders entered at the risk of their lives .

past IFP ,

in Yet many of these areas , there little violence . Pilot research has communities violent ,

that could until

stability has

A list of a

Lamontville Stonehill

violence , is now no or very suggested that in up to 80 % of characterised as nine months ago be

returned .

few of these

areas might

Inanda New Town

Siyanda Richmond Farm Ntuzuma

include the

KwaNdengezi St Wendolin

following : Fredville Lower Ngolozi Molweni

72

Sobantu Sweet Waters Taylor's Halt

Wembezi

Shongweni Sankontshe Woodyglen Ethlanzeni

In

most of these areas conflict had assumed the form of a selfleading Violence fed on itself , perpetuating spiral of violence . selfto pre - emptive attack being perceived as the best form of killings , defence , to revenge to violence spilling over into a wider and wider net . The

reasons

for the

cessation of the

violence

there is a structural change in the community instance ) an for and sometimes there is Frequently , there is a complex combination Included are the following :

*

underpinning

virtually

vary .

Sometimes

(when one side wins , attitudinal change .

of a

all the violence

number of

is the

factors .

fact that

at

least 80% of the community comprises unwilling participants or spectators , who want no part in the violence , but who have tended in the past to feel powerless to react . Now, however , the there is a growing belief in the power of " silent decisions for themselves against those majority " to take causing the trouble . *

another

key factor is the growing tendency

of communities

to

reject the present generational absurdity young whereby children run communities , usually through fear . The adult generation is now more prepared to reassert itself than was the case

people they

in the past .

become exhausted from the violence . react fact to come to that the

communities down . *

to cease

functioning ,

that the

In due violence social

course , causes

order breaks

There people realise that the violence is ultimately futile . comes a realisation that violence becomes counter- productive , particularly in a situation where there is little . possibility of a quick resolution to it . sometimes communities believing themselves to be choose their to defend existence continued

under threat viable as communities by trying to stop the violence themselves . This can take the form of trouble - makers being identified and thereafter disciplined , banished or even killed .

*

*

sometimes subjugates

one side simply beats the other , and in those who might otherwise continue the

doing So conflict .

Alternatively , the their opponents .

loser runs away rather than accepts rule by In such situations , territorial a form of

political

ensures

hegemony

peace .

are when there occasions peace initiatives between the two sides . Such initiatives might

peace secure be sponsored

from above ( from their respective organisations ) , sometimes from the communities themselves , and sometimes from the police or some other third party .

73

it

cannot be

forgotten either that

in certain

circumstances ,

sound policing achieves much . Separate or combined actions by the SAP , KZP and SADF have effectively put a halt to violence .

However , portray ,

though there it must not

is be

to far more peace than the media tends is imagined that there a one -to - one

correspondence between political

stability and political

normality .

Much of the peace that has been achieved has been at great expense . remain Frequently , the underlying tensions within communities unresolved . Latent Divisive issues are too often not addressed . awaiting tensions remain , perhaps a suitable catalyst before exploding once again into violence . Sadly , the peace that has been infrequently is of the kind achieved peace associated with democratic tolerance . It is rarely peace that bodes well for the kind of democratic pluralism that the IFP espouses .

tories ng r in ANC that we do have the reposi worryi is , howeve , It d e d e c d e r n s erved e m u e s e e t o t l e r d r t o r rs pr an pe , ge , is nu vio whe cad i r o w t d o i e n the of me remi someh repos use . These futur for g s n n r y i i e r to d e s t a p d w e e e o v g n g e n o v e h h a o u f a a e n e n t h w d h o k lly hunting to kill their dogs in trim by going out and actua keep with them .

Mr. The Midlands region of the ANC under the leadership of Harry Gwala must be held accountable for much of the spirit of violence which still does

When

the

IFP

its ugly work in KwaZulu / Natal

and the ANC

first

started

politics .

coming

together

in

the

revived seven- a - side peace meetings after their return and after it was made possible for them to involve themselves in these meetings , a joint IFP/ANC delegation did a tour so they could do inspections in loco of the areas most devastated by violence .

The

Midlands

being thus

region of the ANC ,

involved

in a peace

castigated the ANC leadership

mission with Inkatha

Mr. Speaker , Honourable Members , this wrote to the ANC's National Executive :

is what

for

Freedom Party .

the Midlands

region

MEMORANDUM TO THE N.E.C.

05/11/90 INTRODUCTION

the of Midlands from the Natal This memorandum comes African National Congress . It deals with the decision of

74

the N.E.C. regarding its peace initiative in Natal . National Executive appointed a committee to handle question of violence in Natal .

The the

the From the very onset we would like to add our voice to peace is of paramount importance among the fact that order people in to pursue their struggle for National Peace is , however , liberation . not something abstract which exists

outside

the

objective

A.N.C.

conditions .

STRUCTURES

The A.N.C. is noted with its for its close contact done membership and the community as a whole . This is as the its through structures mass and meetings all organisation at seeks the allegiance of the people material times . It

is

now a known

fact

that

there are

three

regions

in

Natal with two regions having functioning Interim Regional Committees and many branches . In whatever these regions do they must The has

carry their branches with them .

fresh exercise by the ANC would in the light of what taken place require a thorough consultation with the

regions affected . No amount of initiative , no matter how will succeed without carrying good and honest it may be , the membership with us . In the final analysis it is the masses on the ground who get killed and have their homes destroyed . It is these masses who defend themselves and their homes . Are they only supposed to have honour of destroyed without their homes being killed and them participating in how to establish peace ? We do not think right that the leadership is privileged to think what is word for its membership and the membership following the of wisdom . It is not acceptable that we should work as if and only with were underground left democratic we centralism . Our membership should not doubt the actions of its leadership . ALIENATION

The

situation in the region is very serious . No part of The only South Africa has more than 4000 people killed . way to describe this situation is that of " War Situation " . war Under these circumstances a psychosis develops . become sensitive to any action . People It is for this reason that whatever decision we take we must be able to carry them along with us . The actions of our N.E.C. people the in Natal but

are alienating us not only also from our membership .

from No

doubt the comrades may win the but in this they will succeed

false friendship of Inkatha African in writing off the

National

of South Africa .

Congress

in this part

The African National Congress is dear in the hearts of the people . They will defend the organisation and die for it . But it will be unfortunate if our leadership would take

75

the membership for granted and think that whatever it does will go down with the membership . As we are writing this memorandum , many people are still living in refugee camps . Add to this the swelling number of refugees fleeing away recent from Wembezi in Escourt following embattled the of attacks by Inkatha despite " the shaking hands " at Mpumalanga . We would like our delegation to visit the war torn where battles are being fought so they areas that talking While Sithebe was have first hand information . peace order at Mpumalanga he had to be restrained by the Mpophomeni of the Magistrate in bringing his Amabutho to over the last week- end . SUSPEND THE TALKS At the meeting of all the branches of the Natal Midlands a resolution was passed that this adventure must be halted and the until there is consultation between the N.E.C. Natal . This structures of the Regions in the war - torn exercise is done without any mandate from the people of Natal who are victims of these attacks . In a gone

number of instances the leader of this delegation has on record as saying that the people must stop this They senseless killing . This has angered the people . At a demand to know if defending themselves is senseless . meeting in Mpumalanga the same leader advised the people each to take a cue from him and Mdlalose who were patting many The other . SO same Mdlalose who has dismissed they teachers in the region of Pietermaritzburg because risk would not their lives to go back to teach in the The Inkatha areas where there had been so many killings . of same Mdlalose who dismissed as senseless the demand nurses for a living wage . Is the comrade suggesting that people of the should go on a patting expedition their killers ? Munich is still too fresh in the minds of the people that despite all the pattings Neville Chamberlain brought disaster to Europe which plunged human kind into calamity . are be that all the comrades in this delegation who have been away from home for so long that lost touch with the ground ? Are the comrades so the other style of work that they finding are starting from below upwards ? This is asked neither in anger nor in looking to down good the like intentions of our comrades . In conclusion we would our the comrades to unbanning remember that since the of membership is very sensitive on the question consultation and accountability .

Would it comrades they have used to problems

Noting

i.

RESOLUTION ADOPTED AT THE MEETING :

27.10.1990

that :

The and

peace talks between the ANC Subcommittee on violence Inkatha are taking place without any consultation

with the general

membership

of the

ANC .

76

ii .

The

fighting

The

killing

accords iv .

Some

directly

The

i.

members

implicated

of

in the

resolves

before

any

Inkatha

and

instigators .

main

peace

and

the

delegation

are

talks

and Ndwedwe ) the

Inkatha

continuing violence .

that :

ANC delegation must

in Natal ii .

Lower Umfolozi

the

Therefore this meeting

the

are

continues despite the

( e.g.

of

simply between

not

is

but the police

the people , iii .

in Natal

consult with the ANC

further talks with

membership

Inkatha .

The meeting planned between ANC Midlands branches and the NEC Subcommittee on violence should go ahead as agreed to between and that Cdes H. Gwala and Walter Sisulu , the to other two regions in Natal be invited send representatives

iii .

to this meeting .

A delegation representing all the three regions in Natal should meet the full ANC , NEC and that be recommended to the other two regions

in Natal .

As a matter of urgency , all ANC branches should initiate their the of defence committees and units in formation

iv .

respective areas .

In response to a very serious endeavour on the part of the IFP and some members of the ANC to bring peace to our strife - torn areas , Mr. Gwala's group writes : " No doubt the Comrades may win the false off friendship of Inkatha but in this they will succeed in writing the African National

Congress

in this part of South Africa . "

Can you believe it , Mr. Speaker , Honourable Members , there are many in Inkatha Freedom Party who can believe it because they count bar their dead ; they tend their wounded and they have to their homes

It

in vigilant

is this kind

the bus

anticipation

of attacks .

of attitude which produced the hideous

returning home

for an IFP peace

attack

on

rally .

to When a joint IFP/ANC group of leaders went to Pietermaritzburg inspect the site in loco and to investigate this brutal slaying of Inkatha Freedom Party members , Mr. Gwala - in whose region the place said more event took - was doing something which he was important

Now

the

and did not

same Mr.

even bother to come .

Gwala

is

sniggering

about

me

crying

in public

at

He is ridiculing me as though I had the KwaZulu Prayer Breakfast . SO public home on many occasions to practise crying in stayed at . tears my with people the wow could that I

77

I

was

astounded

at

the overwhelming

sense

of

emotion

that

I

experienced on that day when what I was saying about reconciliation was having such a profound effect on all of those around me and in front of me . For Mr. Gwala to sneer at that event shows that political evil has not been eradicated by the Durban January 29th meeting .

Mr.

Speaker ,

Honourable Members ,

the whole question of violence

in

South Africa must be addressed with the utmost urgency . I say with gravity that the present levels of violence could make the whole of 1990/91 politics come to nought . Violence could undo everything that could be done in the year that now lies ahead . We are rapidly approaching a situation in which we actually must begin negotiating or lose the momentum of the century .

Speaker , Honourable Mr. soon , an excited of dri pol the ve itical Members , the magic of the moment , future , the int mar to rea o bei and ch up dy sta ng Africa South nding will be lost . If

This

we

do not begin

negotiating

hideous attack on the train going to Soweto which occurred on

Thursday evening the 14th March , is the kind of thing which just in must be eradicated . What kind of confidence can anybody have when democratic many triumphing over the fears of so procedures by they are witness to slayings in Alexandra followed as they were senseless , the mindless , indiscriminate slaying of commuters on a Soweto train .

Mr. Speaker , Honourable Members , I now turn to the question of the which proportions violence has reached which to extent really disfunctional , A process . negotiation whole the threaten disorientated , cannot be expected to bring about abnormal society sane , multichange to establish a genuine constructive working Party democracy .

making normalising South Africa is a process of The process of South Africa a functional society in which problem- solving each mechanisms actually work to avoid citizens from turning upon necklacing other , each other , killing each other and destroying each other's houses . If there is not enough sanity in South African society and South Africa's political leaders are incapable of achieve turning politics into what it should be - an instrument to peace and stability which work to the benefit of the people - then political leaders will be incapable of establishing a true , multiParty democracy .

disappear not expect all violence suddenly to ac we will doubt negotiating begin actu tual ally ly constructively before violence has been eradicated entirely . it eradicated , negotiating before violence is entirely begin do events and of trains motion will we have set in because be and developments have eliminated the worst of violence which we of course , We can , no overnight and

only have

to deal

with its

obstinate

remnants .

78

I

am

not asking

therefore

for perfect

conditions before

can

we

I am saying that we have not reached the point begin negotiating . the We are nowhere near where we can actually begin negotiating . are time when black leaders of any political persuasion in point white and to seek support from the electorate in both black free giving from people the mandates receive to and communities , the at people right the speak on behalf of the leadership to negotiating table .

While

violence

remains

as

endemic as

it

is

and while

continues

it

to break out in the hideous way in which it has recently broken out Soweto and the Port Shepstone area , in Alexandra , we cannot even begin to mobilise the people behind the negotiation process .

Freedom Party is Inkatha for it in the Transvaal .

experiencing a massive upsurge of support Everywhere there is the demand for the

IFP and its leaders to mobilise the people and to form branches . Everywhere people are mobilising against the gross uncertainty that want political violence introduces to their communities . They peace , they want stability and they want Inkatha Freedom Party lead them in the production of that peace and stability .

to

What

So many people call vigilante behaviour and many So what people call Zulu violence , or Inkatha violence , is nothing of the kind . Everywhere ordinary people , ordinary ordinary housewives ,

workers , the unemployed , the back teeth with violence . violence .

old and the young , are fed up to their There is a people's move against

White , There is a Black South African joining forces with Indian and Coloured South Africans demanding the normalisation of South Africa and demanding a negotiated

How

can

the

IFP as

a political

end to violence .

Party gather the

strength

of

people which it is legitimately being offered by the people violence continues at the levels at which it does continue .

The

violence

regarded the PWV activity . Violence

that

has

erupted

in Soweto and Alexandra

the when

cannot

be

as isolated and we cannot regard the remaining parts of area as areas in which we can continue normal political Reef . Violence in Soweto disrupts life all over the the in Alexandra disrupts the whole political process on

Reef and surrounding areas . Violence taking place in the Transvaal disrupts politics across the length and breadth of the land .

I

would like us to pause

and take

note

of the

levels

of

violence

which have been occurring before we go on to discuss the causes of violence and what needs to be done to remedy the situation . The Institute of Race Relations has produced some startling research findings on violence .

79

We all know that South Africa is a violent society but the minds of South Africans have become somewhat conditioned to accept violence part , In as a fact of life and to develop blase attitudes to it . every of course , this comes from past SABC policy of reporting death through violence ,

be it accidental

deaths ,

murder ,

homicide ,

or whether it be deaths in uprising , revolutions or anything else . For years the SABC purposefully presented the violence of the world violence to viewers and listeners to make them feel that the in their own society was part

of the

normal

condition of mankind .

1991

began with week after week of violence in which on an average more than seven people were killed daily . During the period 1985 over 1990 the Institute of Race Relations estimates that 9 000 people were

killed

in political

conflict .

1990 , State which should have been a year of hope following the President's address to Parliament on February 2nd was , measured by fatalities , South the worst year of political violence in modern Last year African history , says the Institute of Race Relations . alone , the Institute estimates that 3 699 people died in political violence . The Institute points out that this is 164 % greater than the violence that occurred the previous year . During the whole of the year , there was an average of 10 deaths per day . Every day of died least ten people on an the year at average in political conflict .

casualty figures in political conflict are phenomenally The high . Only wars of all produce these kind of statistics . In 1989 91 % occurred in the KwaZulu / Natal political fatalities in South Africa region . Last year was not quite so bad in Natal , but there was an escalation of political deaths in the Transvaal which accounted for Close on 1 180 of 51 % all the political deaths in the country . the were killed in the Institute of Race Relations says , people , West Rand , East Rand , Vaal Triangle and Soweto between August and December . In August alone over 500 people died in the area .

The

Institute

of Race

Relations must

be

congratulated on

exposing

the levels of violence which our country is suffering in the way it has done . It has exposed violence objectively , convincingly and refreshingly without being Party political in doing has so . It been simply magnificently South African in doing what it has done our to expose the levels of violence that we have experienced in country .

I am terribly worried about the way violence has escalated . The F.W. Institute's figures show that between February 1990 when Mr. end de Klerk made his now historically famous speech and the of May , 320 people died outside Natal and KwaZulu . The average was 80 From deaths per month in South Africa outside KwaZulu and Natal . June to the KwaZulu and

end of the year , Natal . In the

there were 1 540 fatalities outside second half of 1990 the fatalities

increased from an average of 80 per month in the second half .

per month

in the

first

month to

220

80

reverse Fortunately a for us the picture in Natal / KwaZulu showed trend . Between February 1990 and September 1990 when the state of monthly emergency was still in force in Natal / KwaZulu there was a However , average when the state of emergency of 170 fatalities . was lifted , the position improved dramatically . Between October December 1990 the death rate in Natal / KwaZulu was nearly halved reduced to 90 per month .

That

figure ,

and and

Mr.

Speaker , Honourable Members , is hideous enough . There cannot be normal That figure is in fact hideously too high . politics in Natal /KwaZulu when every month of the year 90 people die political deaths . That means on an average three people die every day of the week .

South Africa is a big place and Natal / KwaZulu only forms one the in country but more than half of all the 9 089 deaths took place between 1985 and 1990 , took place have known more violence than any other area is vitally necessary for us to pin- pint the

region which We in Natal / KwaZulu . and I believe that it

reasons

for this .

The statistics for Natal / KwaZulu are twice as hideous as they could anywhere be for else because it is in this region that Inkatha that Freedom party dominates more and it is in this region the philosophy of peace , goodwill killing is most propagated .

and the

need

for talking

rather

than

One of the reasons why there have been more deaths in Natal / KwaZulu than anywhere else is of course simply traceable to the fact that we have been targeted for violent attack as KwaZulu and Inkatha Freedom Party precisely has been targeted for violent attack we did not support because we did not support the armed struggle , which protest politics which was designed to lead to confrontation could be raised

to the

level

of making South Africa ungovernable .

support not did for violent attack because we South did not support the punitive isolation of though all targeted for violent attack most of non - violence for call our that showing was the results in terms of actual support from phenomenal

targeted We were we and sanctions We were Africa . we were because producing people .

Inkatha

Freedom Party and the

KwaZulu Government were

showing

the

whole world that it was just not true that reform could not work in to South Africa , and we were showing that there was a vital need mobilise non -violent forces because it was these forces which were achieving more

than the

forces

of violence

could

ever achieve .

We were attacked , Mr. Speaker , Honourable Members , because we stood for the very things that all the major political groups now say are vital for the emergence of a new democratic South Africa .

81

Mr. as

Speaker , Honourable Members , you will remember that recently as July last year that the ANC and their

it was only UDF /COSATU

partners mounted a national campaign aimed at driving KwaZulu right out of existence . They actually mounted an attack against KwaZulu as KwaZulu .

I find this apartheid was

totally astounding . The ultimate achievement of National sought in the homeland policy of successive

Party governments . The Transkei , Bophuthatswana , Venda and Ciskei were achievements by the South African Government par excellance . There was no declaration of war on any one of these regions by the ANC . They attacked instead KwaZulu which was primarily responsible for the total

I

defeat

of the

Government's homeland

am of course now very pleased

to be able

to

policy .

say that

on

January

29th this year Inkatha Freedom Party reached agreements and struck accords with the ANC's National Executive which hopefully will work to eliminate this kind of attack against KwaZulu in future .

However constructive the talks were on the 29th January , the events in Umzumbe , that followed in Umgababa , in Nseleni , in the Port Alexandra , Pietermaritzburg and Soweto , in Shepstone area , in sombre Bekkersdal and other areas on the Reef , are all reminders that

the January meeting produced

Violence

continues despite the

no magic

formula

fact that the

IFP ,

for success .

the ANC and the

Government at top leadership level have all set their faces against eliminate and have undertaken to work with each other to violence violence .

Mr.

Speaker ,

Honourable

meaning in images . 29th , it does not

Members ,

sometimes

Because we struck accords mean that we cannot talk

one

can best

convey

in Durban on January about violence and

cannot analyse it when it occurs and cannot point to the causes of violence . There is a difference between the measured way in which Speaker , Honourable Members , Mr. I am looking at violence today , and killing the talk about violence which amounts to war talk and talk .

to I talk about violence lamentably in a desperate attempt to come terms with that which continues to produce violence , despite the accords that have been struck . I produce this image , Mr. Speaker , Honourable Members , to make my meaning clear . If you meet somebody in the middle of a crowded street who is naked from the waist downwards and you sit down and talk and you both agree that this is on , about just not the naked person must then do something his nakedness and you must do something to assist . Having raised the issue , you cannot pretend that it does not exist .

dealt be accords with the ANC that violence must reached Having it does not mean that violence with and that war talk must cease , It means precisely that violence discussed . be cannot must be ed . discuss

82

that violence itself is grappling with the problem that ANC The e its and its lower - rung leadership occurs at times becaus occurs grass root members are not yet brought under control and cannot yet be directed to act for peace .

The

whole

of the hideous

Alexandra violent

explosion erupted

from

A member of Inkatha Freedom Party was necklaced . one single event . This senseless , brutal , mindless killing triggered off the kind of indignation and consequences which in the inevitably erupted into violence .

tenseness which prevailed

It was that first act of mindless brutality that set the whole thing in motion . Inkatha Freedom Party does not necklace Inkatha members to generate the circumstances in which it can fight the ANC . I do not say that Dr. Mandela decided to generate the circumstances that the ANC's planned and circumstances .

in which the ANC could fight the IFP . I do not say NEC did so . I do not say that even regional leaders violent necklacing executed the to generate

Inkatha remains that this mindless act of necklacing an fact The violence that the off place , take it did trigger did member followed and that violence which followed was sought by the Parties explode not does Violence original necklacing . the did that accidentally . there is and are There build - up events always finally a trigger event which puts the match to the violent

timber .

Party acts of provocation against Inkatha Freedom specific These Speaker , frequency . Mr. hideous new a with occurring are every observer will know that the bus that was Honourable Members , of nge purpose was done so with the specific KwaSha at ambushed ve ati step It was a provoc slaying Inkatha Freedom Party members . ath t t erm ed . aft a violen to solici design

I am immensely proud of IFP members in the Greater Pietermaritzburg region who heeded my call and the powerful call of IFP local leadership Public to remain calm and not to take revenge action . meetings were held and everywhere the word was sent out asking IFP members not to respond violently . A violent response on our part the would have been the crowning success for those who ambushed bus .

The signing of the agreement in Durban by the IFP and the ANC was a milestone Mr. Speaker , on the journey historic to peace but is Members , Honourable it becoming quite clear that it is a milestone at an early part of the journey to peace . A great deal more needs to be done .

Mr. Speaker , One of the issues that received too little attention , Honourable Members , is the benefit that revolutionaries , comrades deliberately instigate violence others , actually receive and who

83

when that

events are distorted took place .

and

the

IFP

is blamed

for the

violence

advantage double This bringing of the IFP into disrepute has the for those who want to make South Africa ungovernable of being able to actually produce the violence that pushes South Africa towards ungovernability , and at the same time undermines the credibility of the Inkatha Freedom Party by making the world believe that it is IFP that

is

responsible .

am I totally astounded every time I see this tactic at work and actually achieving the results that the tactic was designed to achieve . Millions across the world actually believe Inkatha Freedom Party is responsible for violence and that we perpetrate violence to force members of the public to join the IFP .

the After SAMCOL fiasco in Howick and after the hideous there was the Greater Pietermaritzburg area , erupted in substantial shift in favour of the IFP and IFP recruitment

clashes very a in the

Greater Pietermaritzburg area increased phenomenally . It was this increase in support for the IFP that drove our political enemies to coerced support . it was not voluntary support , assert that but They could not face towards the IFP .

the facts of the matter that people were moving They had somehow to turn that fact to their

advantage .

Mr. Speaker , Honourable Members , something just has to be done to eliminate the kind of hideous distortions which take place at the behest of , and under the influence of , the ANC , COSATU , the South African Communist

Mr. Again , naked man nakedness .

I

Party and their allies .

Honourable Members , Speaker , I am talking about that I mentioned earlier . I am saying he must remove his I am talking about violence in order to eliminate it .

am not talking about violence

in order to

escalate

it .

An I choose therefore to analyse the Report " Signposts to Peace : the South Africa " by Independent Survey of the Violence in Natal , International Commission of Jurists who did an on- the - spot Its three members were investigation of violence in South Africa . Ahlund Mr. John Macdonald Q.C. (United Kingdom ) Mr. Christian (Sweden )

and Mr.

Jeremy

Sarkin

( South Africa ) .

organisations and individuals had meetings with Commission The y ntr h the cou met It . adt the gth of oss bre and len the acr Honourable the Pik Botha Minister of Foreign Affairs , Honourable in it met ANC leaders the Minister of Law and Order , Vlok A.J. r ake h y , Spe ulu Mr. , ter me wit met The . al Sis Wal Mr. met it and Nat of Members , and they met with the Honourable Minister Honourable They met with high - ranking officers Justice , the Reverend Mtethwa . of National Association the of with members and SAP the of other lawyers , church leaders , businessmen as Democratic Lawyers , to In the Appendix as township residents throughout Natal . well

84

the

report

they give

a detailed

itinerary

of where they went

and

what they did .

The Mr. first point in their conclusion , Speaker , Honourable Members , is that violence has erupted to strain police resources giving rise to situations of police misconduct . You will later see , Mr. Speaker , Honourable Members , that they are specifically talking about KwaZulu when Police talk they about police misconduct . I will return to that point , but allow me to read the second point

" Both

of their conclusion .

the

Government

They

and

the

say ,

ANC

and

are

I

quote :

committed

to

the

negotiation process . Most White South Africans we spoke to do not another The expect there to be all - White election . Government , therefore , needs to make progress quickly . The violence in Natal could derail the whole process . It has to be stopped

if the

negotiations

are to

succeed . "

They That , Mr. Speaker , puts the whole thing in a biased nutshell . They only have eyes for the South African Government and the ANC . Government have been duped into actually thinking that it is the and the ANC that are going to bring about the new South Africa . Their whole approach is basically one in which they are attempting to strengthen the ANC's hand as the under - dog in the situation .

The conclusion then goes on to state that businessmen want violence end . to The Commission says that businessmen are satisfied that the State President and the majority of the Cabinet are committed to stopping violence in Natal . Nowhere in the conclusions , Mr. Speaker , Honourable Members , any mention that either I , committed to peace .

The

total

Report

is

not the

even in one single KwaZulu Government

orientated to

present

the

place , or the

is there IFP are

South

African

Government and the ANC as the prime actors in bringing about change and the total report is aimed at discrediting KwaZulu , discrediting They Freedom Inkatha Party and discrediting the KwaZulu Police . primarily present the violence that broke out as violence against trade unionism and against the ANC by Inkatha which , they say , is say : fighting a losing battle for support among the people . They ordinary people have come to see attack as the best " Unhappily ordinary of means of defence so Inkatha's action has led to the whole cycle attack and counter - attack . "

The

Report

recommends that

security

forces be

enhanced ,

that

the

carrying of all weapons , including cultural weapons , be banned and must that what they see as " problems posed by the KwaZulu Police " dealt be with and the KwaZulu Police Force must be removed from troubled areas .

This

is

exactly what

I

am talking

about ,

perpetrate violence get groups like the Jurists to white - wash them and to blame

Mr.

Speaker .

Those who

International Commission of Inkatha Freedom Party . And

85

because groups like the International Commission of Jurists do so natural they believe in doing so they strengthen the hand of the successor to power in South Africa - the ANC . The IFP becomes a dispensable something which must be sacrificed on the altar of ANC success .

Mr. some

Speaker , Honourable Members , I want to take the House through of the tortuous thinking of the International Commission of

Jurists because the analysis I make of their Report will shed light on of a wide range of problems we face and expose the hypocrisy those who are

In of

opposed to

Inkatha Freedom Party and KwaZulu .

Commission penetration area . It UDF , COSATU and the ANC into the KwaZulu / Natal a picture of Inkatha being in conflict with trends of

tracing the cause of the violence the International Jurists see violence as an Inkatha response to the

by the paints politics

against

apartheid .

waning The Commission says : " Over the past few years Inkatha's their shifted support has fuelled the violence , as people have This allegiance to the ANC and their allies , COSATU and the UDF . shift in allegiance has threatened Inkatha's status and ability for the organisation to bargain for itself , and Chief Buthelezi's place in the negotiation process which Inkatha sees as the way forward for South Africa . "

stand I totally astounded . The most certain thing about South African politics and negotiations to come the is that National Party , Inkatha Freedom Party and the African National Congress will There be there . can be no possible negotiations which do not involve me and the IFP . That would be like trying to make putu without mealie meal .

The

International

Commission

of

sees

Jurists

change

politics of negotiation as a simplistic two - Party thing . do not understand South Africa . They do not understand

and

the

They just that there

is a massive South African force at work taking Mr. F.W. de Klerk no , and rubbing his nose in apartheid and saying no , no . They do understand that a massive South African force is taking the not ANC and rubbing its nose in the stupidity of failed armed struggle and saying , no , no , no . Both the National Party and the ANC are of necessity leaping about to change their fundamental principles and their Africa

primary objectives because there is no room in the new South for their old principles and their old objectives .

the The same South Africa is actually endorsing the principles and Freedom Party . very The IFP has a objectives of Inkatha much ANC stronger cross - cultural and cross - ethnic support base than the can hope to have

It

for the

is South Africa

that

foreseeable

is

changing .

future .

It

is

South Africa that

is

drumming the need for reasonableness and democracy into the ANC and National the South It is patently absurd to analyse the Party .

86

African situation as one in which the ANC and the National Party hand in hand to the blackboard to write up the new society .

Inkatha

Freedom Party has

arrived

politically .

We have

for a

go

long

time been ahead of others waiting for the politics of negotiation to bring the other actors to South Africa's centre - stage politics .

Nowhere

in the whole of the Report of the International Commission the of Jurists is there any examination of anything positive that and IFP has ever done . Throughout they castigate the IFP and my as leadership , and they castigate KwaZulu and the KwaZulu Police the piece . villains of They quote Mr. Justice Didcot saying : " There is reason to believe that the criminals were generally Justice Wilson members or supporters of Inkatha . " They quote Mr. main by saying that violence has been brought about in the ill feeling by members

of

Inkatha

and the UDF .

It is always Inkatha , Inkatha , Inkatha which is there when there is violence and it is always Inkatha which is blamed . They just cannot comprehend the fact that up to the middle of last year it wherever was the UDF which was the common denominator in violence present The UDF was every in it erupted . in conflict Natal / KwaZulu . The UDF was present in every conflict in the Transvaal and the UDF was present in every conflict in the Western Cape and the Eastern Cape . It is the UDF which campaigned against It is the AZAPO . It is the UDF which campaigned against the PAC . UDF which campaigned against Inkatha . It is the UDF which campaigned

against

civic

associations which did not

toe their

It It was the UDF which campaigned against town councillors . It was the UDF which campaigned against big business . the which campaigned against employers . Always it was the UDF .

line .

was UDF

It was the UDF trying to hold the fort for the ANC which was there . There are areas in the Western Cape and Eastern Cape where violence has been endemic and where Inkatha actually has had no political presence at all . The calls we have been receiving to establish presence in these regions arises out of a rejection of the UDF of the politics of confrontation and arises out of the rejection ANC as successor to the UDF

in these

regions .

document this in violence UDF the of analysis is no examination of what the ANC's policy of action . local South Africa ungovernable meant in terms of making ANC's the no analysis of what the consequences were of is There calls on the people to arm themselves and to use violence repeated no

is

There

whatsoever .

for political

How

an

There

objectives .

internationally

recognised body

like

the

International rotten donning of

Commission of Jurists could lend itself to this political carcasses with juristic mantels is incomprehensible .

87

I use strong words , is just

Report

What

makes

Mr.

Speaker ,

Honourable Members ,

because the

totally disgusting .

it doubly disgusting

is that we

actually went

the

to

by trouble of producing a brief for the jurists which was prepared We We spent hours with the jurists . advisers . laid our legal we They were blind to what after analysis before them . analysis I are because they came only to

seek the

evidence

to

condemn us .

Democratic Cronje , Pierre company with people like Mr. rg to aritzbu Pieterm to went they nt when , Parliame Member of Party massive the for us condemn to best how ion about informat gathe r : on the attack on Vulindlela valley which followed the attacks in rally peace Party members returning from a Freedom Inkatha to roads off followed the comrades blocking which Durban , and flow of area the prohibit and to isolate peri - urban vast a They kept

of workers to

essential services and to prohibit the transportation : and from work .

We

all

know where Mr.

Cronje

stands

and we

all

know

how

he

is

attempting by every possible means , fair and foul , to bring the IFP into disrepute . He made a great champion for the cause the jurists hideous campaign to isolate to serve in their attempting $ were Inkatha and KwaZulu . i

was In looking at the supposed lack of police intervention in what so wrongly described as a massive Inkatha attack on the Vulindlela police that Valley , the International Commission of Jurists say : protection for Inkatha was given to make Inkatha more dependent on and to make me more pliant . government patronage They paint a police picture in which the Government needs to tame me and offer hideously support against my political enemies to do so . How cynical can you get .

They to see the state of emergenc y that was declared being useful the police to suppress UDF and COSATU for the benefit of Inkatha of " ... and they actually say : The police allowed violent acts to be perpetrate by In wi ka thout taking any police or legal action . tha d They did

The

not

pages

show the

same

of the Report

indulgence

spill

out

to the UDF and

this

poison

COŠATU . "

in paragraph

after

They say the police are all members of Inkatha and that paragraph . " violent in some places the conduct of the KwaZulu Police has been cruel . " They accuse the KwaZulu Police of actually going and rampage residents at the at indiscriminately on April 10th firing They following Amanzimtoti . petition presented to the SAP at a affidavit : an quote a certain Sergeant Kabanyane saying in " The be to themselves have shown KwaMakhuta in Police KwaZulu a maintain of incapabl be to ing seen is who e force partial completely doubt " There is no The jurists say : and order in the area . " law of guilty Police stationed at KwaMakhuta have been KwaZulu that serious misconduct . "

88

The Report very conveniently does not recognise that violence was endemic in KwaMakhuta for years before the KwaZulu were Police based there . It was the UDF's drive in the area to make townships ungovernable that established an atmosphere of violence . In those years KwaMakhuta residents were well aware of SAP bias against Inkatha . In attempts to make the area ungovernable , members and supporters of the UDF amongst other things , burnt down the home of the mayor of KwaMakhuta and vandalised the homes of members of Inkatha Freedom Party . It was the people's call for protection that actually led us to establish KwaZulu Police in the area . We have investigated the accusations by Sergeant Kabanyane and we have found that there is no substance in them .

Kabanyane Sergeant of The allegations the presented jurists viewpoints are opposing that there without even acknowledging contained in affidavits from members of the KwaZulu Police .

There

is

revolving

of

the all course in the Report the existence of so - called

around

hideous ' war

distortions

lords . '

Under

" As indicated above one important heading the jurists state : this aspect of the violence in Natal is the fact that many known killers - normally Inkatha members or sympathisers - remain free , something to also not but murders allows them to commit new which only In fact , destroy the most evidence in those already committed . criminals , commonly motivated politically these of notorious terrorise entire lords , able to are war as to referred communities . "

In talking about my political position , all the old cliche attacks against me .

the Commission regurgitates They say : " Increasingly the

contradiction between Chief Buthelezi's anti - apartheid rhetoric and his close day - to - day relationship with Pretoria brought criticism from the ANC and Black Consciousness groups . "

the our other political enemies , the jurists cannot by - pass that has continued to gather members even at the height of violence and they too talk about patronage being responsible . They say : " Inkatha membership became necessary to get work and criticism of the Inkatha regime was and is not tolerated . "

Like fact

Speaker , Members , Mr. Honourable fills one with dismay and disgust ,

the whole of this Report but nowhere more so than

just what

they then say in attempting to discredit me . They say that I am intolerant of other political positions and this can be " seen in the attack on 29 October 1983 by an impi [ an armed force of men in traditional Zulu military formation ] on students , a number of whom were killed and many injured , at the University of Zululand . " Mr. Honourable Members , Speaker , they say that I sent an impi to kill students who objected to my presence

at the University .

Again

They are

I

stand totally astounded .

jurists ;

they

are

Queens Counsel , they are Senior Counsel , they are the kind of men of on whom we are one day going to entrust with enacting the rule environment , They law . would be respected in their own home

89

that

despite the fact assassinate in this what they are ?

they

report .

and

lie

How does

one

and character actually expose them for

distort

to The University of Zululand events they refer to were subjected the closest possible scrutiny in a detailed and very thorough Commission of Enquiry . Inkatha was found blameless . I was found blameless . At the time , however , cheap propaganda was made out of lies and distortions and we see here in this jurists ' report how they durable lies are . Once put into circulation , go rolling around doing damage

One

just

does

people and this

forever .

not know how on earth to deal with these kind

kind

of

of report .

anywhere there is no mention of the jurists In the whole Report , undertaking to any investigation into violence which is traceable from these They present violence or the ANC . COSATU UDF , the organisations as understandable counter -violence to that of Inkatha Freedom Party .

tactics is no examination whatsoever of the consequences of There is no examination adopted to make South Africa ungovernable . our in ground whatsoever the political consequences on the of country and annihilation the ANC's calling for my political of There

calling me

a

snake

that

needs

to be hit on the head .

There is an astounding godless jurist silence on the fact that over hacked 120 Inkatha Freedom Party leaders have actually been to pieces , There is an burnt alive and killed in one way or another . ungodly silence on the fact that over 1 000 Inkatha members have died in acts of violence

perpetrated

against

the

IFP .

The bias of the Commission cries out to the heavens above for legal it has restitution and compensation for the enormous damage that done and will continue to do for years . What angers me so much , Speaker , Members , Mr. damage Honourable is that it is not only against myself , Inkatha Freedom Party , the KwaZulu Government , the KwaZulu Police Force and KwaZulu itself , but it is damage against very the very cause of peace and justice and the process of negotiation to bring about

a true democracy in South Africa .

Mr. We have in South Africa , Speaker , Honourable Members , with this kind of input which fans the flames of violence have to deal with allied kinds of distortions .

to deal and we

Mr. Speaker , Honourable Members , I have In talking about violence , the International by chosen the one hand to use the Report on the Commission of Jurists because I want to show you just how far the like bodies august rot can penetrate it If gone . has International

Commission of Jurists ,

where

else

does

it

penetrate ?

90

now , I Speaker , want Honourable Members , Mr. to look at the penetration of hideous distortions of Inkatha Freedom Party into the religious field . I take as a vehicle for this intention a report by the Institute of Contextual Theology which goes under the title " Violence , the new Kairos " and is sub - titled " Challenge to the Churches . " Instead of seeing 1990 as a year of hope , this new Kairos document in its opening page says : " The Kairos document was published on 25 September 1985. Today , exactly five years later , with violence of horrific proportions and the real possibility of even more violence to come if the perpetrators are not exposed soon , we face a crisis , a moment of truth , that is even more of a Kairos than 1985. "

in the very next Honourable Members , Speaker , Mr. Astoundingly , " It has been said that if we had all heeded sentence it is stated : years ago , five of the Kairos document warning the prophetic today's violence could have been avoided . "

astounding . Kairos The I am absolutely flabbergasted . It document of 1985 was a theological prescription of revolution . the of underpinning rationale giving a false theological a was only claim that reform was not possible and that political ANC's revolution could save South Africa . Totally

The

1985 Kairos document proclaimed a Christian rationale for the attempts the UDF was then making to make South Africa ungovernable . Africa . It warned that there would be no change from within South It endorsed the politics of confrontation .

heeded , Had the warnings of the 1985 Kairos document been South Africa would by now have been made ungovernable and there would be country's no prospects whatsoever of any peaceful solution to our problems .

This

new Kairos document

pours scorn on the

South Africa

that

was

change there unrecognised by the first Kairos document working for in This document says , and ensuring that change will come about . the and the unbanning of political organisations about speaking that : " At first there was hope but release of political prisoners , and even become worse , those whose sufferings have continued , for despite all the talk about a new South Africa , disillusionment .

hope has turned

into

the In talking about developing violence in 1990 , Institute for Theology says : Contextual In Nata " affidavits presented to the l, courts point to indiscriminate attacks . according The attackers , to this evidence , have been KwaZulu policemen and Inkatha impis led by the so - called war lords . " They say that tensions between urban and rural Zulu and between squatters and residents between and supporters of Inkatha and supporters of the been ANC : "have systematically exploited by the war lords to fuel the of fires violence and bloodshed . " They go on to astoundingly say that : "In recent months the violence has been systematically and deliberately exported from Natal to the Southern Transvaal . They say a pattern

91

: is beginning to emerge : " In all the different incidents from the ty : shooting of peaceful marchers to Inkatha the war lords , from burning of squatter camps to train massacres , from the inciting of hostel failed attempts to dwellers set to Indian and African one another in Natal , one aim or purpose emerges . It is le against this known as de - stabilisation . All the evidence , according to the best analysts , is pointing to a well - planned the emerging new South Africa . "

Again ,

astonishingly ,

astounding ,

conspiracy to

flabbergasting .

de - stabilise

In the

earlier

Kairos document thinking calls for de - stabilisation and support for stay - at - homes the politics of confrontation and mass mobilisation , of The Kairos document boycotts are called for . commercial and dethe to respectability Christian give to attempts 1985 stabilisation and disruptive programmes of the UDF and the ANC .

Now suddenly de - stabilisation

is

seen as bad .

In a vicious extension of this thinking that there is an evil force out there , orchestrating de - stabilisation , the document asks : " And to which right -wing group has the power to give instructions policemen and to Inkatha supporters and to employ extremely welltrained black and white hit men? "

M

In speculating about the answer to this question the document says : process " Because Inkatha feels excluded from the negotiation and because it is losing support , and because Mr. Mandela has proved so much more popular than Chief Buthelezi , there are some who believe as that individuals in Inkatha might well regard it in their interests to de - stabilise stabilise the ANC . "

the present process

and

especially to

de-

Then ,

Speaker , Honourable Members , in the vain of saying if Mr. the report says : these " But they could do so , they would do so , the resources and individuals in Inkatha do not possess the means , Inkatha is not the fox or the the influence over white policemen . ever force . " third by If slaying brutal there was a case of exemption

it

is these

statements .

Report The goes on to say : Vlok " Whatever may Mr. say , some certainly policemen are responsible for not the preventing violence . They have protected Inkatha supporters and hostel dwellers , they have stood by watching while the violence rages and they have themselves been responsible for the shooting of countless people . "

Mr.

Speaker , Honourable Members , a little later the Report goes on to repeat hideous accusations , made openly by some and obliquely by others such as Mr. Pierre Cronje , that Inkatha relies on military trained says : personnel . This Report " Violence the New Kairos " the at place special forces have been training Inkatha a "That called Hippo along the Caprivi Strip seems to be supported by incontrovertible evidence gathered by the alternative press . And

92

Mr.

Speaker ,

21st

September

Honourable Members ,

Mr.

Speaker , Honourable Members , paragraph of the Report :

" And must

they quote the Weekly Mail

of the

last year .

I

now read to you the

penultimate

finally a prophetic word from the Church at this be above all a word of hope . Nothing could be

time more

hopeless than the realisation that you are unable to defend yourself and your family , that there is no one else to defend you , that your attackers will never be apprehended and that justice will not be done . Some measure of hope could be there restored leadership if were a prophetic church that would risk everything to search for the truth , to publish the truth and to take every action possible to ensure that justice is one . The Church should also encourage the people of the townships to organise themselves into structures like civic associations ground . which would ensure greater unity on the This in turn , will help to resist the counter - revolutionary tactics of the enemy . This strategy has shown to be effective various in the townships where violence was averted . Encouragement and help like this from the Churches would give our people some reason to face the future with hope . in God Christ is our hope . Jesus But how do we communicate this to people who live in fear of the next attack ? "

is the 1985 Kairos document basically says there no be of reform in South Africa other than the change that can hope 1985 the Then when brought after power has been seized . about tune is proved to be god foresakenly out of document Kairos with Africa which actually began introducing the change that South was that denied possible , the 1990 Kairos document says the only hope there is hope that can flow from people banding themselves to is ,

Astoundingly

kill

for political

purposes .

This

is bluntly what they say .

talk could they mean when they peo the hel wil ple that associations p l

What

else

about resist

civic forming counterthe

They say this having said that revolutionary attacks of the enemy ? hopelessness comes from the inability of a person to defend himself It you . defend It comes from having no one to his family . and will not knowledge that attackers your the from comes be apprehended and justice will not

be done .

the every normal man and woman in these statements , made to together banding to regard the advice of have would nce y defe help self onar to ics call as a tact resist counter - revoluti and violence .

Having street

Members , the Honourable Speaker , Mr. paragraph , last moment , this primary task of the Church at "The says : Again , not to call for peace but to call for justice . " is then , Speaker , Honourable Members , every normal man and woman in the Mr.

the In document

street will understand peace .

this to mean that there

can be no justice

in

93

of Jurists In all the statements of the International Commission there is no and in all the statements of the new Kairos document , recognition whatsoever that the ANC , the UDF and COSATU have produce and to political severally jointly banded together programmes of action in which people actually die .

1991 , the South African Foundation Review of January we have in form summarised convenient acts of violence which Inkatha Freedom Party most certainly was not involved in and cannot be accused of being responsible for . In a bold print statement the article says : "Since 1984 more than 25 000 policemen have been injured and 440 killed in the line of duty . " In the first seven months of killed .

The

1990

article

six

black Councillors

" Violence

-

and

22

off- duty policemen were

the Neglected Aspects "

makes

frightening

planned points out the extent to which violence was reading . It and executed in which Councillors and off - duty policemen were coldfour year last of half bloodedly first the In murdered . Councillors were killed , 87 had their homes burned , stoned or handBy 1990 grenaded and 24 council offices were damaged in violence . 150 out 132 out of 692 Councillors had resigned in the Transvaal . had of 636 had resigned in the Cape Province . 119 out of 436 resigned state , in the Orange Free State and proudly , I can Mr. Speaker , Honourable Members only one out of 104 in Natal outside KwaZulu resigned .

In October 1990 the position was that 229 out of 692 Councillor positions remained unfilled in the Transvaal . 227 out of 636 were empty in the Cape Province and 141 out of 436 in the Free State and 22 out of 103 in Natal . The Report traces thinking which shows that the PAC was not advocating violence against Councillors and Black the Consciousness Movement was not responsible for attacks against Councillors . The Report says : " The ANC does appear to be the only major grouping explicitly and purposefully working for the destruction of Black Local Authorities . "

These , Mr. Speaker , Honourable Members , are rather cold statistics and analytical statements . You have to speak to Councillors who been hounded out in violence and intimidation have understand to the terror that has been unleashed on them . inhuman Members of Their homes this House , Mr. Speaker , know what I am talking about . have been brutalised , their wives have been slain , their children lost , been have been have their cars have been gutted and they hounded

The

like

some kind

International

of

fair game

for revolutionary huntsmen .

Commission of Jurists

and

the

collar - bedecked

disgustingly quiet friends in the churches are astonishingly and about the violence that is purposefully and calculatingly deployed to drive Councillors out of office and to kill Councillors who are not driven out of office by intimidation .

94

There is comrades .

disgustingly no tracing of violence to the actions of youths There are no graphic descriptions of a gang of

chasing a middle - aged lady down the streets of a township , to corner her , necklace her and dance upon her corpse .

finally

There is no disgust at the cult of violence which so pervades townships , and there is no prayerful sympathy for the victims UDF the the politics of intimidation meted out by the ANC , COSATU .

our of and

Speaker , Mr. Honourable Members , I again remind you that I talking about the nakedness of the man I earlier . mentioned

am If

there is a shame , we must talk it out of existence . Violence needs be shamed out of existence and we will never do so if we sweep acts of violence under carpets because we talked peace in Durban . peace The talks in Durban should lead to peace talks in exposing violence wherever

it

exists to bring

THE

1991

MANIFESTO

ON

THE

shame

to

its

perpetrators .

KWAZULU GOVERNMENT

MANIFESTO

SERIES

:

NO .

5

ELIMINATION OF VIOLENCE AS A TO NATIONAL NEGOTIATIONS

STUMBLING

BLOCK

The KwaZulu Government calls on the whole of South Africa to make 1991 year and the elimination of a of peace and negotiation violence which prohibits the peace and negotiation depend

1.

normalisation of South Africa and :

applauds the meeting of Inkatha Freedom Party and the African National Congress in Durban on the 29th January and applauds the agreements reached and the accords struck of normalising relationships between them ;

2.

in the

pursuit

expresses its deep sense of satisfaction that for the first time this century the Government of the day joins in with the eliminate major black political groupings of the country to violence

3.

on which

in politics and to establish the

utility

of peace ;

to the message of undertakes spread peace in grass root society and to consult the structures and institutions of the about how best to proceed to people restructure communities torn apart by violence ;

4.

urgent give calls upon the South African Government to attention to the need to treat strife - torn Natal and KwaZulu

95

as

a disaster area .

It calls

on the Government to

national resources to produce reconstruction and the region to give the co - operating IFP and ANC context within which to put peaceful

5.

deeds

mobilise

progress in an enhanced

to peaceful

words ;

IFP for educational and motivational programmes by the calls democracy to ANC aimed at cultivating a culture of the and gain to and and violence revolution of cultures replace peace of normalisation for support articulated the and relationships between the two organisations on a community to community , district to district and region to to region basis ;

6.

calls for joint programmes between the one hand and the private sector on the Peace Planning Councils to undertake work , work and rehabilitation and

7.

calls on the IFP and ANC to consult with KwaZulu Government Departments to create a four -way partnership between the IFP , the ANC , free enterprise and the KwaZulu Government in areas of KwaZulu jurisdiction where major reconstruction developments cannot go ahead without KwaZulu participation ;

8.

calls for the rapid extension of peace committees and peace work from KwaZulu and Natal to Transvaal and the rest of South Africa in a nationwide , well - planned campaign to go ahead of democracy violence and to cultivate the culture of peace and

IFP and the ANC on the other hand to establish social reconstruction to identify community utility problems which inhibit community development and the of communities to the process of creating the wealth that will be needed to eliminate the hideous backlogs that there are in Black society .

in pre - emptive

9.

action ;

for calls a National Peace Conference where consultants in and communication for peace reconciliation can join with the with enterprise , Government of South Africa , with private with regional authorities , churches and major political Parties to charter a three - year peace action programme and to establish an Ombudsman function for peace .

-0-

We

must not again have

to

face the kind of programmes

which

will

ensure that violence flares up , such as the programme which the ANC for over the last year in an attempt to gain national support led their demand

You will

for the dismantling of KwaZulu .

remember ,

Mr.

Speaker ,

Honourable Members ,

that

towards

the end of July last year , the ANC was hotting up preparations to call for a national stay - away to support the action they proposed against KwaZulu . In a pamphlet carrying the emblems of COSATU , the

96

ANC ,

SAYCO

and the UDF

for marches

in all

The purpose

of this

it

and

called

the major

for mass action on July 2nd centres on July 7th .

action was two - fold .

It was

in establishing an intense hatred for the the call for them to be disbanded because

firstly to

KwaZulu Police they said the

Police was an oppressive force of the apartheid State . secondly to bring disrepute to the KwaZulu Government and to the Zulu nation .

lead

through KwaZulu It was in fact

The ANC , the UDF , COSATU and SAYCO at the time were planning a vast intensification of their campaign to establish themselves in Natal and KwaZulu . Durban was particularly targeted as an area which would be subjected to the politics of confrontation and targeted to make townships ungovernable .

The ANC had long smarted under the quite apparent supremacy of Inkatha Freedom Party in the whole of KwaZulu/ Natal . The worst that their slander could achieve , and the worst that their acts of violence could achieve , were quite insufficient to break the spirit of Inkatha and to make the Zulu people lie down before them so they could be walked over .

At that stage , the continued demonstration of the fact that the ANC did not have a stranglehold over politics in the Transvaal , had not yet begun . They thought they were safe in the Transvaal and everybody thought they were the only relevant organisation there . develop They wanted to the image of being safe in Natal and was KwaZulu , and the only way they could do this actually by declaring war both on

Inkatha

and on the

Zulu people .

Mr. Speaker , Honourable Members , the campaign would obviously be a be The Zulus would not allow themselves to flop from the outset . over by the ANC and Inkatha Freedom Party was rallying to trampled grow stronger by the day by mid - 1990 .

did happen , however , was that the calls for the disbanding of the KwaZulu Police , the calls for the dismantling of KwaZulu which was an insult to His Majesty the King of the Zulus , to myself as Chief Minister of KwaZulu , to the KwaZulu Legislative Assembly , to all right - thinking Zulus - heightened tensions .

What

In At the time I warned that violence would follow this campaign . a discussion with the Reverend Frank Chikane , Secretary - General of the 22nd June the South African Council of Churches on when propaganda

for the

ANC , " The ordinated

campaign ahead was

being

escalated ,

and COSATU are now embarking UDF the attempt to heighten hostility against

I

said :

a on Inkatha

coin

July action with a deliberate build - up to a day of marches on they say , demands will be made in all major centres 7th when , which demands for my removal as Minister of Police will be in

97

made and demands be made .

for

the

disbanding

of the

KwaZulu

Police will

of was The irony it would be breathtaking if it not So hideous . The ANC has an armed wing ; it has infiltrated bands of killers into South Africa ; it continues infiltrating bands of killers into South Africa ; it has stock - piles of weapons in arsenals hidden in various parts of the country ; it loudly and repeatedly proclaims the need for the continuation of the armed struggle . Dr. Mandela only last night proclaimed the ANC's support for Colonel Gadaffi , Yasser Arafat and Fidel me as Castro . In his overseas utterances he has treated though I was some despicable thing . Perhaps it should not observers surprise that one who can claim the rightness of Yasser Arafat , supporting Colonel Gadaffi and Fidel Castro must condemn one like me who all warmongering .

is

committed to peace

and

rejects

And while the ANC holds these positions and supports these people , it marches and it toyi - toyi's and it orchestrates violence against Inkatha and ordinary people . Just look at the attached list of Inkatha members who have because died they are Inkatha office bearers .

to All this and a lot more and then the ANC has the audacity talk about the need to disband the KwaZulu Police Force . The KwaZulu Police Force is there as a peace - keeping force , as a force maintaining law and order and as a force striving to create the circumstances in which the politics of negotiation can actually get

Mr. at

off the ground . "

Speaker , Honourable Members , I have been constantly astounded how the ANC has thought that it can make political ground in

KwaZulu by attacking the the KwaZulu Government Minister of KwaZulu .

There which

is is

KwaZulu Legislative Assembly , and by attacking me because

no cultural group in South Africa and no as intensely patriotic as the Zulus are .

by attacking Chief I am

language There

group no is way in e oric e ter h p the prid for hist of sens has a grea whic grou it remained a coherent corporate whole in defiance of which every attack on it than have the people of KwaZulu .

This

is

something that the ANC's

exiled

leadership

simply

never

understood when they were outside the country . I stated again and again that there would not even be a successful revolution without Zulus being involved in it , let alone anything else . KwaZulu is a reality in South Africa ; the Zulu people are there for good and for all and that is a fact . No political Party could ever get anywhere in KwaZulu while it attacked KwaZulu as such and brought His Majesty the King into disrepute .

It

is

of the

the people

Zulus

of KwaZulu ,

and the KwaZulu

the

Legislative

Zulu nation and the

leadership of KwaZulu that have nurtured the

greatness

Assembly

collective in the

souls

98

of the sons of Africa like Dr. Pixley ka Isaka Seme the founder of the ANC , Rev. John Dube , Mr. Selby Msimang , Mr. Anton Muziwakhe Lembede , Mr. J.K. Ngubane , that old war horse A.W.G. Champion and Chief Albert Lutuli . They were the products of KwaZulu exported them to politics for the good of South Africa .

and KwaZulu

which Natal in exist will Parties political riff - raff Only His despite Zulu history and nation , bring Zulu the denigrate into KwaZulu of King and the Ubukhosi institutions the Majesty greatness in KwaZulu can only be achieved by disrepute . Political always have harnessing the national forces which the Zulu people generated to help shape history .

One this

January of the greatest gains we made in Durban on the 29th year when we met with the ANC was the formal recognition that

the ANC gave to KwaZulu as KwaZulu . There are in the agreements and in the accords commitments which would be totally incompatible with

At

further action of the kind that was planned

least

now

KwaZulu . This there step ,

there

is

formal

recognition

of

in July last year .

the

legitimacy

of

is a major step forward but because it is so major a will try and are of course going to be those who

sabotage the outcome

of the January

29

IFP/ANC meeting .

Members , one of the problems we face in Honourable Speaker , Mr. culture with violence in South Africa is that a veritable dealing more than Black violence against We have of violence has emerged . Black against violence State than more have We apartheid . as was demonstrated in the army raids against political groupings , Black We have more than dwellers in Alexandra last week . hostel of culture a have We . confront in Black - on - Black ations violence fears , expression of in which expression of identities , violence

of

expression of political opposition and the expression the difficulties tends to be done in a violent idiom .

We at

have all

all

I think shown that it is necessary to act against violence levels . The IFP certainly has done So and I wonder

sometimes whether other Black political groupings are doing enough When leaders from two opposing whose in this regard . factions members have confronted each other violently come together and before both factions and call for peace , effects stand immediate are felt .

I

think ,

for

example ,

of

the

effectiveness with

which

I

and

Brigadier Gqozo successfully went to Darnacol Mine to deal with the hideous Zulu/ Xhosa clashes that had taken place there . Before I actually KwaZulu Cabinet had gone myself with Brigadier Gqozo , Ministers that went there on my behalf reported an unwillingness on the part of Zulus to put down their arms . They felt they had been too deeply insulted .

After , however , Brigadier Gqozo and I we had managed to persuade people to

arrived at the mine actually come to a

and after meeting ,

99

of were the benefits our coming together tangible . In this case , because Xhosa particular things were made easier the contingent error and on the mine were undoubtedly in Brigadier courage Zulu Gqozo had the to say so and to apologise to the nation .

I am just sad that the Ciskeian miners have not yet been able to return to Durnacol . My colleagues are still doing their best to ensure that this happens . In the meantime , my two colleagues the Honourable Minister without Portfolio , Dr. F.T. Mdlalose and the Honourable Minister of Works , Inkosi Gumede have been to the Ciskei Chairman Military the to take a message to the Honourable of Brigadier Council , Gqozo . The tragic Durnacol violence has established one good thing , which is exist between us and the current Transkei on the

leadership broke issue . violence

that cordial leadership

relationships of Ciskei .

now The

away from negotiations with my colleagues They bluntly said that they will not

apologise to people who murdered their people .

to 21st August last year , I attended a meeting in Pretoria I was invited by the Honourable Minister of Foreign Affairs , Mr. R.F. Botha . This he did at the request of General Holomisa of the Transkei . The meeting was also attended by the Honourable Minister of Law and Order , Mr. A.J. Vlok . I was accompanied to this meeting by the then Honourable Minister of Health , Dr. F.T. Mdlalose , the Honourable Minister of Justice , the Revd . C.J. Mtetwa and the Honourable Minister of Finance , Dr. D.R.B. Madide . I wish to read to you the Memorandum I presented for discussion at that meeting , and the Memorandum presented by General Bantu Holomisa , the Honourable Chairman of the Military Council . On the which

My Memorandum reads

as

follows :

STATEMENT

BY MANGOSUTHU BUTHELEZI , CHIEF MINISTER OF KWAZULU AND PRESIDENT INKATHA FREEDOM PARTY AT A MEETING WITH THE HON RF BOTHA MINISTER OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS , THE HON AJ VLOK MINISTER OF LAW AND ORDER AND MAJOR - GENERAL BANTU HOLOMISA , PRETORIA .

CHAIRMAN MILITARY 21ST AUGUST

COUNCIL TRANSKEI

1990

this Foreign Minister , Mr. Mr. Minister of Law and Order , when meeting first suggested I was very was pleased . Major General and Holomisa myself have had our differences . Major - General Holomisa hosted the ANC in the Transkei after the February . 2nd This of

was done in an ongoing context in which the ANC had the kind preliminary talks and which planning were calculated to discredit Inkatha politically and were an attempt to marginalise my leadership .

Major - General

Holomisa ,

people are dying in the Transvaal

are , in part , direct ethnic clashes and there our litany or propaganda to try of any in

in

what

is absolutely no room score and political

100

points

out

of

the

hideous killing

that

is

therefore accepted the invitation to be present really time for bygones to be left as bygones .

taking

place .

today because

it

I is

Apartheid

must the armed struggle must be be put behind us ; put tion nd ing mida behi kill us ; and inti for political purposes must be put behind us and there must be no finger - pointing at the who's who of violence in the post - violence era . I therefore said to myself that would I explore what we could do to act together in the pursuit of bringing about an end to violence . I would have quite happily let bygones be bygones . I must say , however , that following press statements about what you , Majorlast General Holomisa have said about my television interview Tuesday evening , here at all .

I

seriously considered whether it was worth coming

long Major-General Holomisa , You , have not been in politics that to sufficient your military background has not been perhaps and putting analysing political situations and for you for prepare In the end I political events in their proper perspective . a to come to this meeting to see whether or not there is

decided talking

point . blame Sunday , Mandela quite clearly laid the Nelson On Dr. for the violence that has been and is taking place in Inkatha simplistically I that says Sisulu Walter Mr. Transvaal .

on the am

exporting violence from Natal and that talking to me would give I says me he of the imagined victory he violence accuses

the was

seeking through violence .

Gentlemen , bear with me . This is important . People are actually Mandela Dr. because the ANC will not talk with Inkatha and dying It is not I who refuses to see Dr. Mandela will not talk with me . I I read a list of the occasions on which or to talk to the ANC . have offered my hand of friendship and co - operation between Inkatha Dr. and myself for a meeting between called or ANC , the and Mandela .

The

10 FEBRUARY 17 FEBRUARY 28 FEBRUARY 28 FEBRUARY 8 MARCH MARCH 28 MARCH 28 MARCH

8 12 21 25

MAY MAY MAY MAY

26 26 29 30

MAY MAY MAY MAY

dates

and the venues are :

PRESS STATEMENT : RELEASE OF DR MANDELA PRESS STATEMENT WITH PRESS CONFERENCE FOLLOWING MEETING PRESIDENT BUSH WASHINGTON MEETING WITH US SECRETARY OF STATE WASHINGTON PRAYER BREAKFAST DURBAN POLICY SPEECH WITH LETTER TO DR NELSON MANDELA RE MEETING HIMSELF AND HIS MAJESTY THE KING EXTRACT LETTER TO DR NELSON MANDELA ENCLOSING OF CHIEF MINISTER'S POLICY SPEECH ULUNDI MEETING WITH DR K- U VON HASSEL ANNUAL PRAYER MEETING ULUNDI STATEMENT TO KLA MR VOICE " J HARKER ASSISTANT EDITOR " THE NEWSPAPER LONDON , ULUNDI CENTRAL COMMITTEE MEETING , ULUNDI CENTRAL COMMITTEE RESOLUTION AMBASSADOR JEAN KIRKPATRICK , ULUNDI SIR CHARLES AND LADY COURT , ULUNDI

101

4 JUNE JUNE 7 JUNE 12 JUNE 15 JUNE 15 JUNE 15 JUNE 18 JUNE 22 JUNE 23 JUNE 23 JUNE 28 JUNE

29 2

JUNE JULY

LETTER TO MR ARCHIE GUMEDE KLA : APPROPRIATION BILL PRESS STATEMENT : LIFTING OF STATE OF EMERGENCY AMBASSADOR TO THE NETHERLANDS , ULUNDI STATEMENT TO THE UN MISSION , DURBAN STATEMENT RE VIOLENCE IN UMZUMBE AREA DITTO : AND CALL ON DR MANDELA STATE PRESIDENT CAPE TOWN REV FRANK CHIKANE SACC , ULUNDI CENTRAL COMMITTEE MEETING , ULUNDI CENTRAL COMMITTEE RESOLUTION BEL-AIR GROUP OF PRESBYTERIAN MINISTERS FROM CALIFORNIA , ULUNDI HON AJ VLOK CAPE TOWN OF CLERK CARPENTER NGK NATAL AND DS TE THE NATAL AND NINE MEMBERS OF DRC SYNOD

NATAL , 5 5

JULY JULY

5 JULY 7 JULY

7 JULY

14 23

JULY JULY

25 28 28 28 2

JULY JULY JULY JULY AUGUST

7 AUGUST 13

AUGUST

15 AUGUST 15 AUGUST 15 AUGUST

REV

THE NGK

ULUNDI

SIPO

MZIMELA

AND MRS

MZIMELA

FROM

THE

UNITED STATES , ULUNDI PRESS STATEMENT RE ANC ANNOUNCEMENT OF PEACE CONFERENCE REPLY TO REV STANLEY MOGOBA CHAIRMAN AND DELEGATION FROM KONRAD ADENAUER FOUNDATION , ULUNDI KONRAD STATEMENT MADE AT A LUNCHEON WITH ADENAUER FOUNDATION RE ANC CALL TO GERMAN AND CHIEF BRITISH GOVERNMENTS RE SUPPORT FOR MINISTER AND ANNOUNCEMENT BY HON AJ VLOK OF ARREST OF FOUR ASSASSINS , ULUNDI INKATHA WOMEN'S BRIGADE FUNCTION MAHLABATHINI AMAKHOSI , ADDRESS ΤΟ INDUNAS AND COMMUNITY MAHLABATHINI DISTRICT CAUCUS RESOLUTION GENERAL OLESEGUN OBASANJO , ULUNDI CENTRAL COMMITTEE RESOLUTION MINISTER OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS PORTUGAL , ULUNDI THE DOCUMENT PRESENTED TO MR JOE MKHWANAZI OF PAC , BOTSWANA RE : PRESS STATEMENT SUSPENSION OF ARMED STRUGGLE TV DR MANDELA'S DAILY MAIL ON ΤΟ STATEMENT INTERVIEW LETTER TO DR NELSON MANDELA PRESS STATEMENT RE VIOLENCE ON THE EAST RAND RESPONSE ΤΟ ARTICLE IN SUNDAY TIMES ENTITLED " THE ETHNIC CURSE "

in To this list must be added many television and radio interviews Mandela meeting me to which I have stressed the importance of Dr. address the question of violence and the need for Black unity . I attach as an Appendix what

То

my knowledge

I

actually said on these

- and I do believe

it

is accurate

occasions .

knowledge

-- Dr.

Mandela only called once for a meeting with me or joint action with to we go we suggested was occasion the on that and me , attacks Inkatha on hideous were there after Pietermaritzburg in were returning from a Thanksgiving Prayer Service who members Mandela other and Dr. for the release of God thanking Durban

102

political

prisoners .

meeting on the advice

Dr.

Mandela

of his

himself

then

cancelled

the

colleagues .

I say very bluntly that the violence in Natal will not cease unless both the ANC and Inkatha are committed to peace and mount a massive endeavour to bring about peace which includes the support of their allies .

Yet you , claim .

Major - General Holomisa expressed dissatisfaction with that What have you done , Major - General , to bring the ANC to its

senses and to stop the ANC - inspired carnage? This is not verbal the facts that :

1.

I do not

abuse ;

it

is

even know where

a statement

of

fact .

Just think of

let

alone

supply Inkatha with hand grenades . The people who are with hand grenades in their possession and people who

caught throw

hand grenades

are not

to buy one hand grenade ,

Inkatha members .

2.

Hand grenades , AK 47's and other assault rifles have been in used and have been found in the strife - torn East Rand and Soweto .

3.

Inkatha never has declared an armed struggle . We are on the brunt end of the killing . I attach a list of Inkatha office office bearers , bearers , and I underline who have been killed ,

4.

simply because they were members

of Inkatha .

criticise As a South African , I have the God - given right to tactics and strategies . ANC's politics , I have the right to alternative politics , tactics and strategies to South sell Africa . I do not attack ANC because it elects to converse with the masses . with their feet ;

For me the masses have voted against them the armed struggle did not succeed . What I

object to is the ANC's covering up of its Inkatha members .

5.

7.

killing

and you You can go through the written and verbal rhetoric Mandela , nor will find that I have never , ever insulted Dr. Oliver Tambo by calling them the have I ever insulted Mr. likes of " a snake that must be hit on the head " I have never have never accused them of treachery to the struggle . I have accused them of being an extension of apartheid . I indulged in the kind of killing involved themselves in .

6.

failure by

talk which the ANC has

you would Major - General Holomisa , As a military strategist , it and struggle you declare an armed if that understand and · war people's a to it convert to attempt you and failed in the progression is to even that fails - the next decision armed employ run tactics .

cadres

Inkatha

not

has

as

internal

guerrilla

passed the death

forces

penalty

on

in hit - and-

anyone

for

exercising political options which we in Inkatha do not agree with . Unlike the ANC who thus do , Inkatha has never killed they or town councillors anybody else , simply because

103

regarded

involvement

as a strategy decision and

not

as

a

principle .

8.

The

ANC has directed

capability against 9.

its military

capability

and

Inkatha within the strategies

its

killing

of violence .

failing the Inkatha addition , ANC , to annihilate to physically , and then turned to an attempt politically finalise the discrediting of the KwaZulu Government and my leadership by as Chief Minister and as Minister of Police , mounting ever- increasingly virulent anti - KwaZulu propaganda by Inkatha and KwaZulu . They also did so against myself , widely finally mobilising the action which they publicised In

and undertook at the beginning

of July .

does Major- General , I am asking you , As a military strategist , right this sum total of activity which has continued until the present moment when the ANC's internal leader Mr. Walter Sisulu the claims that there can be no talking between Inkatha and ANC , mean that the ANC regards Inkatha and KwaZulu as full participants who should be at the

negotiating table ?

In the remarks that were published about what you said in the Sunday Tribune of the 19th August you state : " The ANC and Pretoria conceded they are game have not the only players in the of negotiation ... "

There effect

nothing is to persuade me that these are the kind of inane proclamations of

political

killers who want to posture

as doves

statements to this innocence typical of of peace .

Nobody , but nobody , is more appalled at what is taking place in the than I am . Transvaal Again I say that I should sit down with Dr. Mandela and talk about violence and at least decide as leaders if there

is anything that we

can do .

Dr. Mandela has not condemned each and every act occurs . He has regretted it and blamed Inkatha . not admitted the ANC's assumption that there is

of violence as it Dr. Mandela has not support in

KwaZulu for the KwaZulu Government and Inkatha is wishful thinking . The ANC has not been able to annihilate Inkatha . It has not been able to demolish KwaZulu . It has not been able to do these things me , because there Inkatha and the is substantial support for KwaZulu Government .

Dr. Mandela has not admitted that the armed struggle has not won and could not win . In fact he makes the preposterous political statements to the effect that the negotiating climate in South Africa until South

is an ANC victory . He clung to the armed struggle formally last week . He still clings to the punitive isolation of as necessary . Africa Inkatha The ANC still attacks and

KwaZulu ,

as

it has

always done

in violence .

I again say that Black leaders must establish a list of statements statements that are totally disallowed among them . This list of highly killing be violence and further should that lead to immediate , instant , There must publicised . be hot - line leaders so that communication between all black all of them originating however the simultaneously can condemn killing talk , , source

thinks the talk

is justified .

104

I agree pointing peace . pointing

public comment that political point - scoring and with not fingers is absolutely pointless . It will achieve Dr. Mandela must now agree with me fingers must cease forthwith .

that

point - scoring

and

We have learnt in South Africa - as other countries have learnt in relation to their strife - torn areas and in relation to violence that spreads for political purpose - that window panes when they break , break on both sides . There is no easy analysis which will make one party culpable and the together , there will not be the

other innocent . kind of success

Unless we all pull that we need .

In the ANC's current statements about the Transvaal violence , are making the point that Inkatha must be excluded from the process . My question to you , Major - General Holomisa is :

they peace

1.

Are you prepared to condemn violence whoever perpetrates it ?

2.

Are you prepared to be part of a group of black leaders who as condemn it occurs each and every instance of violence without pointing

3.

fingers

at

for political

purposes ,

anybody?

to declare not Are you prepared to call on Dr. Mandela but to admit that the cessation of the armed struggle , depends on the ANC's ability to work with reputation and other black leaders to eradicate violence ?

We must history must be

only his

myself

talk rather frankly . We might be at the golden moment of now in which the ANC's claim that Inkatha is marginalised dropped . an The ANC must admit there is actor called

Inkatha . Mr. Foreign Minister , you will note that all my talk about violence in relation to anything I have said to Major - General Holomisa , has studiously avoided laying the blame at his feet for what is taking place in the Transvaal . I have no political quarrel with Majoras General Holomisa . I do not see us as rivals . I do see us possible partners in an emerging democracy race - free society .

Major - General Holomisa plans make to down

and the development

of a

Mr. Ministers , should now be sitting and I , African South the to build up pressure on

talks Government to move away from the divisiveness which separate Let negotiations now separate organisations is resulting in . to commence and let all of us who are interested in negotiations bring to the negotiation table whatever inputs we have . Why , Mr. Foreign Minister , must I ask the Minister of Law and Order Mr. Vlok , why he talks with Dr. Mandela alone around the killing fields and gives rise to the imagery in which President Bush feels Mandela and the State President , it necessary to congratulate Dr. Mr. F.W. de Klerk in the role they are playing in bringing about an political ANC end to violence ? Is this National Party and Does it not take two to tango ? profiteering out of death? There no of the was voice protest that it is not only the ANC and The time Government that is working for peace in the Transvaal . has now come for assessing each statement and each event in terms of consequence .

105

We

comprehensive

lack a

analytical

document within which

criteria the road to say what is politically permissible on isolated are only be That document can negotiation and what is not . towards prepared by an initial meeting of all parties and the establishment of comprehensive work groups .

The Appendices following :

to

the

I have

document

just

quoted

were

the

NATAL VIOLENCE :

A LIST

OF LEADER RELATED

INKATHA MEMBERS ASSASSINATED

1.

MR.C.BUTHELEZI

CHAIRMAN

2.

MRS . J.MKHWANAZI

TREASURER ( SOWETO of Zola North )

3.

MISS N.MTHEMBU

SECRETARY

4.

MR.M.

CHAIRMAN

( DAMBUZA )

5.

MR .

CHAIRMAN

( KWAMAKHUTHA)

6 .

MRS .

7.

MR.F.T.DLAMINI

C.C.

( KWAMASHU )

8.

MR.B.M.

C.C.

( KWAMAKHUTHA )

9.

MR .

10.

MRS.D.

11.

MR.S.

12.

MR .

13.

MR.A.DLAMINI

NGCOBO

S.

DLAMINI

SABELO

P.

DLAMINI

Stabbed to death

( HARE WOOD )

( DAMBUZA )

1985

Hacked to death

1985

Stabbed

1986

Petrol

bombed

Shot

Petrol

DEPUTY TREASURER ( SEWULA )

NDLOVU

TREASURER

KUBHEKA

Stabbed

1/01/85

MR . W.SABELO'S wife Central Committee member an attempt on the life of in (UMLAZI ) killed Mr. Sabelo , 1986

LEMBEDE

NGUBANE

21/4/85

( MUNYWINI

YOUTH CHAIRMAN

CHAIRMAN

ORGANISER

Stabbed

( HENELY

to

Stabbed

1/1987

death

1987

Stabbed

1987

&

Shot

1987

Stabbed

08/87

Stabbed to death

08/87

PM BURG )

( HENELY )

bombed

BRANCH )

( SWEETWATERS )

28/10/86

106

14.

MRS .

MLAMBO

15.

MR .

16.

MR.N.NGUBANE

TREASURER

17.

MR .

YOUTH LEADER

18.

MRS.S.NTSHANGASE

19.

MR.N.M.SHANGE

CHAIRMAN

(WOODY GLEN)

20.

MR.O.R.DLAMINI

CHAIRMAN

( INANDA NEWTOWN )

21.

MR .

CHAIRMAN WARD

22.

MR . V. MNOMIYA

EXECUTIVE

23.

MR.M.MAKHANYA

YOUTH ORGANISER

24.

MR.J.SIKHALI

CHAIRMAN

25.

MR.J.NGCOBO

VICE CHAIRMAN

( MBABANE )

Stabbed

1988

26.

MR . H. BHENGU

INDUNA

BRANCH )

Stabbed

1988

27.

MR.S.NGCOBO

VICE TREASURY

bombed

1988

28.

MR.A.MTOLO

CHAIRMAN

(MPUMALANGA WARD 8 )

29.

MR.D.M.MBANJWA

CHAIRMAN

( KWAMAKHUTHA )

30.

MR .

MTHETHWA

CHAIRMAN

(MPUMALANGA UNIT

31.

MR .

M.

COMMITTEE

32.

MR .

S.S.

33.

MR .

MBELE

MTOLO

W.S.

CHAIRLADY

( EMACHOBENI )

PUBLICITY SECRETARY

HILL

GUNUNDU

NKOSI

CELE

WIFE

Stabbed

CHAIRMAN

1987

Shot dead

1987

Killed by hand grenade 3/1/87

Shot

Stoned

( INANDA )

Decapitated

( NTSHONGWENI )

Hacked

Shot

4)

( MPUMALANGA )

9)

( BHAMBAYI )

1987

10/87

4/1988

bombed

Petrol

( MUNYWINI )

( MPUMALANGA UNIT

Stabbed

Petrol

( TONGAAT )

1987

7/8/87

Shot

( INANDA NEWTOWN )

COMMITTEE MEMBER

Stabbed

Stabbed 28/05/87

( KWAMAKHUTHA )

OF EXECUTIVE

( DINDI

1987

( INANDA )

( MPUMALANGA)

1

to death

12/88

10/5/88

18/11/88

9/1/88

Necklaced

1988

Burned

1988

Stabbed

1988

107

34.

MRS .

DLAMINI

35.

MR .

36.

MR.S.SIBIYA

SECRETARY

37.

MR . NDEBELE

CHAIRMAN

38.

MISS

YOUTH SECRETARY

39.

MR.B.DLAMINI

SECRETARY

40.

MR.D.BHENGU

CHAIRMAN

41.

MR .

PUBLICITY SECRETARY

42.

MR.M.MKHIZE

COMMITTEE

43.

MR.B.BKHIZE

PUBLICITY SECRETARY

44.

MR.A.GASESELA

CHAIRMAN

45.

MR.D. MANYONI

YOUTH SECRETARY

46.

MR.J.MTOLO

TREASURER

47.

MR.B. GCWENSA

HEAD MAN

48.

MR.B.MSOMI

INDUNA

49.

MR.G.GUMEDE

CHAIRMAN

50.

MR.S.BDKIVY

YOUTH LEADER

51.

MR.B. KHUMALO

VICE

52.

MRS .

VICE CHAIRLADY

53.

MR .

NZUZA

T.NKEHLI

SHAME

KHUMALO

DLAMINI

CHAIRPERSON

CHAIRMAN

(MPUMALANGA UNIT 7 )

( EKUTHULENI )

( KWAMASHU WARD 2 )

( INANDA WARD

8)

Necklaced

Shot

&

Stabbed

88

Shot

& Stabbed

88

Necklaced

( MPUMALANGA Shot

dead

Shot

1989

Necklaced

1989

Slit throat

( KWA NGCOLOSI )

Shot

( KWANGCOLOSI )

89

1989

Shot

11/89

( SLANGSPRUIT Decapitated

11/89

6)

Stabbed

( IMBALI WARD 4 )

( MKHAZINI )

28/11/89

Shot

12/89

Shot 31/12/89

( MKHAZINI )

Shot

1989

Hacked

1989

Burnt

1989

( INANDA STOP 8 )

Burnt

1989

( BHAMBAYI )

Necklaced

1989

( MATIKWE )

( HAMMERSDALE )

CHAIRMAN

19/12/88

1988

( NGCOLOSI )

( BHAMBAYI )

16/05/88

Shot

( MPUMALANGA )

( IMBALI WARD

1988

( INANDA STOP

PUBLICITY SECRETARY

8)

108

54.

MRS .

55.

MR.HLONGWANE

YOUTH LEADER

56.

MR .

MHLONGO

PUBLICITY SECRETARY

57.

MR .

MHLONGO

YOUTH SECRETARY

58.

MR.Z.NKEHLI

C.C.

59.

MR.H.NXUMALO

CHAIRMAN

( UMLAZI )

60.

MR.T.M.NGUBANE

CHAIRMAN

61.

MR .

CELE

CHAIRMAN

62.

MR .

NGIBA

EXECUTIVE

63.

MR.M.KUBHEKA

TREASURY

64.

MR.M.GWALA

ORGANISER

65.

MR.S.GWAKA

YOUTH CHAIRMAN

66.

MR.MHLONGO

EXECUTIVE

67.

MR .

GWALA

VICE CHAIRMAN

68.

MR .

BUTHELEZI

COMMITTEE MEMBER

69.

MR.Z.MKHWANAZI

YOUTH SECRETARY

70.

MR.M.MTHETHWA

71.

PHAKATHI

SECRETARY

( INANDA NEWTOWN C )

( INANDA C )

Stabbed

11/89

Stabbed

11/89

1989

( INANDA B )

Shot

( INANDA)

Shot

( MPUMALANGA WARD 4 )

1989

3/3/89

Shot

1989

(MPUMALANGA UNIT 7 )

Stabbed

1989

( AMAWOTI )

Shot

Shot

( OHLANGE )

( NTSHONGWENI )

( NTSHONGWENI )

13/4/89

13/2/89

Shot stoned

Shot

( EMOPHELA)

& Burnt

Shot

1989

6/3/89

17/10/89

Shot

1989

Shot & burnt

1989

Shot

1989

( ECABASINI )

Shot

1989

YOUTH PUBLICITY

( EZIMANGWENI )

Shot

1989

MR.L. MBONAMBI

VICE SECRETARY

(EZIMANGWENI )

Shot

1989

72.

MR .

PUBLICITY

73.

MR .

TOMBELO

DLAMINI

( MATIKWE )

SEC .

VICE CHAIRMAN

( EZIMANGWENI )

( INANDA )

( INANDA B )

( EZIMANGWENI )

Stabbed

&

Burnt

Shot

89

1989

109

74.

MR .

DLADLA

75.

MR.J. MAJOLA

SECRETARY

76.

MR.Z.MKHIZE

YOUTH PUBLICITY

77.

MR.NTIMBANE

VICE CHAIRMAN

( DALMENY

78.

MR .

VICE CHAIRMAN

79.

MR . KHUZWAYO

PUBLICITY SECRETARY

80.

MR.SHABALALA

VICE - SECRETARY

81.

MR.M.NZAMA

PUBLICITY

82.

MR.J.NGCOBO

VICE CHAIRMAN

83.

MR.B.MANYONI

ADDITIONAL MEMBER

LUTHULI

VICE CHAIRMAN

Shot

&

Burnt

89

stabbed

&

burnt

89

( EKUPHAKAMENI )

( ECABAZINI )

Shot

Stabbed

1989

FARM )

Burnt

1989

( DALMENY FARM )

Stabbed

1989

Stabbed

1989

Hacked

1989

Stabbed

1989

( INANDA B )

( DALMENY )

( INANDA B )

SECRETARY

( INANDA )

Shot

( PM BURG )

Shot

&

(SLANG SPRUIT )

84.

MR.J.M.MNCWABE

85.

REV .

86.

87.

T.

XABA

CHAIRMAN

( IMBALI

STAGE

( GREYTOWN )

MR.A.P.SHANGE

CHAIRMAN

( AZELIA )

MR.S.SIBISI

PUBLICITY SECRETARY

B.DLAMINI

STAGE

Shot

16/5/90

Shot

9/6/90

Slit Throat

20/6/90

2)

Shot 10/6/90

2)

88.

MISS

89.

MR.L.MHLONGO

PUBLICITY SECRETARY

( KWAMASHU )

90.

MR.T.NKWANYANA

PUBLICITY SECRETARY

( EZIMANGWENI )

91.

MRS.M.DUMA

COMMITTEE

92.

MR.NZIMANDE

PUBLICITY SEC .

SECRETARY

Stoned 7/2/90

SECRETARY

( IMBALI

1/1/90

( IMBALI )

( SWEET WATERS )

( BHAMBAYI )

Shot

7/7/90

Shot

9/2/90

1990

Shot

Throat

23/6/90

slit

1990

110

93.

MR.MGENGE

VICE CHAIRMAN

94.

MR.S.NOKWE

CHAIRMAN

( TONGAAT )

95.

MR.NTSHANGASE

CHAIRMAN

( TAYLORS '

96.

MR .

EXECUTIVE

97.

MR.J.MNCWABE

LEADER

98.

MR.B.P.MHLONGO

CHAIRMAN

( UMBUMBULU)

99.

MR.MSIBI

CHAIRMAN

( NTUZUMA )

NGUBO

1990

( BHAMBAYI )

HALT )

( WOODYGLEN )

( IMBALI )

Stabbed

6/90

Shot

5/90

Stabbed

&

Shot

3/90

Shot

17/5/90

Stabbed

11/1/90

Necklaced

27/3/90

Throat

1/2/90

cut

100.

MR.T. NDLOVU

YOUTH CHAIRMAN

101.

MR .

CHAIRMAN

( ESIKHAWINI )

Shot

4/90

102.

MR.M.SHINGA

CHAIRMAN

( EMAWOTI )

Shot

1990

103.

MR .

CHAIRMAN

( EKUPHAKAMENI )

104.

MR . KHUZWAYO

INDUNA

( MGABABA )

105.

MR . F.MBONGWA

INDUNA

( MBABANE )

106.

MR.MZIZI

CHAIRPERSON

MKHIZE

DLADLA

( NTUZUMA )

( INANDA )

Stabbed

Shot

12/5/90

Shot

Throat

cut

1990

2/90

1/1990

This list has been compiled by a team of researchers who have been visiting communities affected by the Natal violence . A number of affected communities have yet to be visited in this regard and therefore the list is as yet incomplete .

the 106 people listed , of having been 101 have been verified as remaining The killed . 5 were Inkatha leaders disappeared who mysteriously some ago , are time never to be seen again and therefore presumed to have been abducted and killed .

it When studying the places and the dates of these assassinations , difficult which is not to conclude that there is a pattern indicates an implemented plan of systematic action by anti - Inkatha instigators .

111

A LIST OF OCCASIONS ON WHICH THE HAND OF FRIENDSHIP / CO - OPERATION / CALLS TO MEET DR NELSON MANDELA HAVE BEEN MADE BY DR MANGOSUTHU BUTHELEZI 10TH FEBRUARY - 15TH AUGUST 1990

10

PRESS

FEBRUARY

In

this statement

STATEMENT :

of joy that

Dr.

RELEASE OF

DR MANDELA been

Mandela has

released ,

I

offer him my hand of friendship . I have campaigned for his release - in fact now for decades . I have lobbied Prime Ministers , State Presidents and Cabinet Ministers for his release on every possible occasion . I have stood adamantly certain that I would never enter into the politics of negotiation about South Africa unless he was released . hand

17

of friendship and

FEBRUARY

say

PRESS

let

the constitutional future of my I again today offer him

us walk into the

future

together .

STATEMENT

That is why when the press reported Dr. Mandela making negative about me statements of the kind which has heightened conflict on UDF and COSATU the between Inkatha on the one side and ANC , I said that Dr. Mandela other side , I reacted in measured tones . and and I had not yet had the opportunity to talk with each other asked

28

I

Dr.

Mandela publicly for his hand of

FEBRUARY

welcome the call

PRESS CONFERENCE PRESIDENT BUSH Dr.

friendship .

FOLLOWING

Nelson Mandela made

on

MEETING

Sunday ,

February in Durban for peace between Black and Black . I knives , that Blacks throw their guns , spears , pangas instruments of death into the sea .

28

FEBRUARY

MEETING WITH US

SECRETARY

the

WITH

25th

too demand and other

OF STATE

I will do anything and everything I can do to work with Dr. Mandela the to end political violence and to create the climate in which politics

of negotiation can proceed .

8 MARCH

PRAYER BREAKFAST

I welcome Dr. Nelson Mandela's First National Bank stadium call on hope I black leaders involved to continue with peace talks . all colleagues when Dr. that Mandela returns from talks with his in Tambo , Lusaka , that prospects for peace and after talks with Mr. between black and black will be much better . I wrote to Mr. Oliver Tambo before he was taken ill offering to meet him , and I even gave dates letter on which I could possibly do so , but to this day my not has even been acknowledged . The fact that he is now ill is irrelevant . I wrote to him as President of the ANC and whoever is deputising

for him has got my

letter on his

desk .

112

MARCH

POLICY SPEECH

welcome I anything Dr. Mandela can add to what we are doing . Whatever anybody can do can Whatever can do will help . he only help . But the levels of violence which there are now in so many of So the areas in KwaZulu /Natal , and which is ready to break out in do other many areas and flare up in so many other areas , really of not threaten only Black unity whole but the politics negotiation .... Mr. Honourable Speaker , Members , of I now turn to the issue that proposing I extend an invitation to Dr. Mandela to come to this House and to address Speaker , Mr. Members here , on the question of violence and what we can do to avoid it . You will remember , Mr. speaker , that we have on previous occasions held out our hand of friendship to those who lead in the factions which have perpetrated violence against Inkatha . We invited Mr. Archie Gumede to come and address this House on the question of violence . He of course did not come . However , now that Dr. Mandela is not only released but has been given a formal role in the ANC heirarchy , we can appeal to him to stand in for his President , Mr. Oliver Tambo , as his Deputy , and do what Mr. Oliver Tambo can not now do because he is

indisposed .

I issue the invitation because I have and I know he is a man of integrity .

a high regard I know that

for Dr. Mandela if he does not

come it will be because he has been restricted by his organisation . I think , however , he will come and this invitation is not simply a pro forma invitation , it is a real , genuine request to Dr. Mandela to talk with us in this House about what we from our side can do to curb violence .

I write

this

into the

record ,

Mr.

Speaker ,

Honourable Members ,

so

that

future

1.

Dr. Mandela telephoned me and asked me whether I would share a platform with him to address the people in Pietermaritzburg in attempt an to bring about an end to the violence that is escalating there . It was his initiative ; he made the move .

2.

I immediately responded positively because I have been calling for black national leaders to share platforms in areas where violence is at its height because there is where we should be hurting , most doing most about violence - where violence is maiming

3.

generations will

know what was happening

in 1990 .

and killing people .

It was not only that Dr. Mandela called for the meeting , but he also called for a meeting to take place urgently either on Monday the 2nd or Tuesday the 3rd . I told him that I preferred the meeting to take place on Monday He the 2nd . suggested the meeting should take place in the afternoon . stated that he would refer the question of the venue to Harry Gwala in Pietermaritzburg .

4.

Obviously a venue had to be agreed upon , telephone some the down and made subsequently asked my Private Secretary ,

He Mr.

and after I had put and enquiries then Mr. Amos Ngema , to

speak to Dr. Mandela and suggested that the meeting be held at 10.00 a.m. at Taylor's Halt . Mr. Ngema reported back to me Dr. changed that Mandela was satisfied and had accepted the

113

time

to

10.00

because that would ensure people were

a.m.

wending their way home 5.

not

after the meeting .

The following day , Friday , I was totally astounded to receive note from the this Honourable Minister and Education of Culture , Dr. O.D. Dhlomo :

MEMORANDUM

To : From : Subject :

Today

(Very Urgent )

HE President of Inkatha/ Kgare Secretary - General Telephone Call from Mr. Archie President of the UDF

30/3/90

at

who told me the

Mr.

in darkness

Mandela

12

noon

I

Gumede ,

received a call

from Mr.

Archie

Gumede

following :

has

spoken to him and asked him to

ask me

to convey a

certain message to the President of Inkatha . I informed Mr. Gumede that it would be highly irregular for me to do this when both Mr. Mandela and the President are able to contact each other . I Mandela should phone informed Mr. Gumede further that Mr. the letter if there was immediately him a President or fax any Nevertheless he gave to convey . information me the he wanted message which is as follows : 1.

Mr. Mandela suggests that the meeting scheduled at should Monday Halt for be cancelled for the reasons : a)

He ( Mr. Mandela ) had meeting because the organisation . spoke to him .

b)

Supporters

He

of

not he

Taylor's following

agreed to the venue and date of first wanted to consult his

maintains he

told Mr.

ANC - UDF maintain that

Ngema

this when he

fighting

is

still

going on and there is need first to calm the situation on sides , otherwise the meeting on Monday might both turn into a blood bath .

c)

will visit Durban on Monday meet Mr. Mandela to his supporters in order to talk about the violence and cool rally tempers . Only can therefore a joint be contemplated .

d)

It might President

perhaps be possible Inkatha to meet of

Mandela for Mr. and the a in Durban on Monday for

private discussion to plan properly

for a joint

rally .

I insisted to Mr. all Gumede that I did not see how I featured in this to and that the correct approach would be for Mr. Mandela Inkatha directly of contact and the President convey his suggestion . O.D.

DHLOMO

30/3/90

114

Soon after I received this note I received a facsimile message from which meeting Daily News asking for comment on the cancelled the had received information that the meeting had been cancelled from a SAPA report .

In other words , the meeting was cancelled unilaterally without any reference to me at all and newspapers were advised and then Dr. Mandela sent a message to me through Mr. Archie Gumede this to effect . I of course immediately telephoned Dr. Mandela and it is clear quite from what he said to me that it was he not who cancelled the meeting . He told me when I spoke to him on Friday that it was Mr. Archie Gumede , Dr. D. Mji and Mr. Harry Gwala who advised against holding a meeting in Pietermaritzburg . astounding , Honourable The reasons they gave were Mr. Speaker , the Members . They said that there was still too much tension in the area for a meeting to be held and that if we went ahead with meeting , there would be a blood bath . When people are killing each other , that is the time that you go to the killing . stop You do not wait until after they have stopped because was the It killing before you go to stop the killing . tensions were running high and killings were taking place that it Mandela and I to address a public meeting in was so urgent for Dr. the area …… .. I really do appeal to Dr. Mandela to see how terribly damaging this now altogether unnecessary and totally unacceptable use of violence is to kill other Blacks in the name of killing apartheid which is already doomed . Stop , I ask Dr. Mandela , being quiet on this so carnage and this terrible shame of Black South Africa which is wasteful of political of life and limb .

energy ,

as well

as

being a hideous

squanderer

28 MARCH

LETTER ΤΟ DR NELSON MANDELA RE HIMSELF AND HIS MAJESTY THE KING

28 MARCH

LETTER TO DR NELSON MANDELA ENCLOSING OF CHIEF MINISTER'S POLICY SPEECH

8 MAY

MEETING WITH DR K-U VON HASSEL

MEETING

WITH

EXTRACT

As I have made public for some time , I would very much appreciate restore Nelson Mandela joining me on a dual venture to try and Dr has also But Dr Mandela and tolerance in the townships . sanity have and has revealed that his colleagues in the ANC public gone the venture . And from joining with me on such a him prevented killing continues .

12

MAY

ANNUAL PRAYER MEETING ULUNDI

killing For many months now I have called for the cessation of have to I always offered to act with other black leaders talk . White about peace between Black and Black so that Black and bring at last sit down in historically may to important negotiations establish a new South Africa ...

115

I again today appeal to my brother Dr. Nelson Mandela to speak with the hand and lead them away his colleagues and take them by from confrontation between Black and Black .

21

MAY

STATEMENT TO KLA

colleagues Dr. say I to Mandela and all his Executive African National Congress that there shall be a new South There shall be a multi - Party democracy in that new South

in the Africa . Africa .

We will be there together . I invite Dr. Mandela now again to meet with me in order to discuss the problem of bringing our respective organisations together in peace for the sake of South Africa ...

I

invite

Dr.

Mandela to

stand up with me

in the

most

prominent

possible place in South Africa , under the most glaring of national and international media spotlights , to declare our joint commitment to peace ...

My call violence the ANC speaking

Mandela is a call to stand up with me to shame Dr. on and for the sake of peace , and to move to bring Inkatha are into a situation in which the two organisations on and differences of opinion can about be talked terms

rather than fought

about .

invitation to Dr.

My

Mandela to

join with me

in calling

for peace

and my invitation to him to act as mediator to establish political dialogue between the ANC and Inkatha is a call to respect ordinary and people who are trampled on by states of conflict between Black Black . Mandela to recognise that it is call is a call to Dr. My who the ordinary man and the ordinary woman and the ordinary child suffer most when there is internecine Black - on - Black violence .

25

MR J HARKER ASSISTANT NEWSPAPER LONDON

MAY

I want

reconciliation

to talk about and Inkatha .

26

MAY

now .

I

invited

ending any possible

cause

" THE

VOICE "

Mandela to meet with me .

of violence

between the ANC

CENTRAL COMMITTEE MEETING

I really do invite Dr. Mandela to how best to produce sanity in this Black South African political

26 MAY

Dr.

EDITOR

about sit down with me to talk strife - torn and violence - filled

situation .

CENTRAL COMMITTEE RESOLUTION

Dr. We particularly call on the ANC's Acting President , Nelson Mandela , to have discussions with President Buthelezi in order to all ensure the maximum degree of peace and stability within which political groups have free and open access to all black communities in order to advocate their political views or seek mandates for what

they

intend doing .

116

29 MAY

AMBASSADOR JEAN KIRKPATRICK

I have repeatedly held out my of Inkatha , President hand of Mandela Dr. invitation to friendship and I again repeat today my eliminate the down with me not only to talk about how to sit Africa , confrontations occurring in South Black - on - Black hideous responsible ensure most the and best to the how also but of representation negotiating Black South African opinion at the table .

As

30 MAY

SIR CHARLES AND LADY COURT

I repeatedly say that Dr. Nelson Mandela should be prepared to sit down me with and talk about the cessation of black- on - black abandoning confrontation and the of violence for political purposes ...

violent Mandela to sit down and ensure that the My appeal to Dr. runs Inkatha hostility between the ANC - SACP - UDF - COSATU and chan of forc the ge whic in es proc h hist the whol ess against oric e . are now embedded in change which is becoming institutionalised I invite Dr. Mandela to talk about the future of that South Africa and harness the future of that South Africa which will be far more potent than any party political forces he or harness I could separately . 4 JUNE I

LETTER TO MR ARCHIE GUMEDE

have however

in recent weeks made

a number of public

statements

offering to meet Dr Mandela specifically to talk about how to bring hideous killings are an end to the that taking place in KwaZulu / Natal and more generally to bring about peace so that the politics

of negotiation

can actually get

off the

ground ...

I have If there are problems then Dr Mandela must define them . problems . I hold my hand of friendship out . Inkatha's hand friendship

is held out

to

all

organisations

no of

including the ANC ...

straightforward , My position as I am outlining it is very very clear , and I would suggest that you can best serve South Africa and all its people by publicly accepting the bona fides of my call Dr Mandela to meet me . You and your organisation have problems with your members on this matter . Why do you not declare your support for a meeting between Dr Mandela and myself to set the ball rolling to reject the mindless lobby against such a meeting .

JUNE

KLA :

APPROPRIATION BILL

I call on Dr. As Minister of Police , Mandela to sit about the promotion of peace talk to and in the region .

down with me KwaZulu/Natal

117

7 JUNE

PRESS

STATEMENT :

LIFTING OF STATE

OF

EMERGENCY

Now

that has been possible to lift emergency it regulations in other Provinces , I believe that the total weight of all political forces should now restoring be directed at peace in the

Natal /KwaZulu region . I again say that if Dr. Mandela and I met and went forth as two Black leaders , committed to bring an end to the mindless killing of black by black , we would produce an impact could other two , that no or indeed other ten or more , leaders equal .

The

State of Emergency in Natal must be lifted and I yet again invite Dr. Mandela to sit down with me and to talk about peace . I ask him yet again to stand up with me and shame violence . ask I him to reason with people in his own organisati Mr. Terror on like Lekota who , as recently as June this month , is reported to have threatened

to use Umkonto we

Sizwe

in the political

struggle .

Mandela , I say Dr. stand up with me and be counted amongst who are willing to work with each other for peace . us Let peace above all . Let us put the good of South Africa above the

Again those put

good of any party including our own parties . Let us put an end to the carnage of the people because unless we do what we can do in this regard we have no right to be doing much else .

12

JUNE

AMBASSADOR TO THE NETHERLANDS

Ambassador , Mr. Dr. I have calling now for some time been on Mandela to meet with violence me about the hideous in KwaZulu/ Natal . I have done so almost weekly and this I take opportunity of again saying to Dr. Mandela that if he and I sat down to talk the and then got up together and went to speak to people together , we as two people would do more than all people put together could do.

the

other

I again invite Dr. Mandela to sit down and talk peace with me . I again say to him let us put the good of the State before the good of any Party . I again say to Dr. Mandela that there will be no democracy real in South Africa unless is multi - Party it a democracy . Inkatha is going to be there in democracy . that I invite Dr. Mandela now to sit down with me and to determine how the ANC and Inkatha can behave towards each other now at this point in time in the way in which they will behave towards each other when they democracy . are two of the Parties in a multi - Party Black politics

15

must

JUNE

practice now what

it will then do .

STATEMENT TO THE UN MISSION

Dr.

Buthelezi has repeatedly asked Dr. Mandela to talk with him to about the Natal / KwaZulu situation and then to go forth with him the people to calm them and to restore normal political relations recently between all black political Parties concerned . He has together forth again said that if he and Dr. Mandela went to restore peace the rest of together .

in the KwaZulu/ Natal region , they would do more than leadership could South Africa's combined black do

118

15 JUNE

STATEMENT RE VIOLENCE

IN UMZUMBE

AREA

I have in recent weeks been calling on Dr. Nelson Mandela to meet with me and then to go forth with me to put an end to the hideous violence that So is marring the political reputation of the KwaZulu/ Natal region . Situations of urgency are now arising as we approach June 16th and all that it means to so many ... directly Dr. Mandela is not here so I cannot appeal to him to intervene but I do appeal to him wherever he is in the world to urgently instruct the ANC leadership and to ensure that there two people and Inkatha members ...

in South Africa to go to these innocent on is no ANC attack

time that wanton killing for political purposes is It is exposed and shamed out of existence . I invite Dr. Mandela to urge Mr. Sisulu and Mr. Lekota to shame violence with me and to ensure that the lives of the innocent are not lost during this week - end in which we should commemorate the memory of Hector Petersen and other Black martyrs in non-violent ways which befit the honour of the struggle for liberation . each the ANC , I have proposed that Inkatha , the UDF and COSATU elect five delegates to form a Peace Committee to spearhead action against violence in the KwaZulu / Natal region . So far I have had no let us response but while we wait for this development to mature , with do what we can as individual members of these organisations humanitarian concerns about people .

STATEMENT -

15 JUNE

CALL ON DR MANDELA

stop Last week when I made my appeal for the ANC to intervene and of the killing in the Umzumbe area , I yet again held out my hand friendship to Dr. Nelson Mandela . I do so again today . I say to him : while you jet around the globe , while you stomp "My brother Europe and North America calling for harsh punitive measures against South Africa , and while you and your organisation refuse to declare an end to the armed struggle , people are dying here on the ground in this country because you do not lead amongst them . " to together Mandela yet again that if he and I got say to Dr. I Dr. to I say killing , the killing would be shamed . the shame their his call on the people of this region to take that Mandela remain will and unheeded was , sea the into them throw and weapons I say to Dr. Mandela unheeded because he did not make it with me . or nothing that one organisation can that nothing that one leader , Let us , I again say , act together do , can now stop the killing . reason . other no out of a humanitarian concern , if for

18

STATE

JUNE

PRESIDENT CAPE TOWN

I have called on Dr. Mandela repeatedly and publicly to meet with KwaZulu/ Natal me and to work with me to eliminate violence in the Inkatha let as Let us put the blame question aside and area . and Inkatha let the ANC as the ANC and let the National Party as the the National Party come together as the three major Parties of country and together gather the support that can be gathered to eliminate

political

violence

on the ground

in KwaZulu/ Natal .

119

22

JUNE

I

have

REV FRANK CHIKANE SACC in recent

times

been making the clear statement that

if Dr.

Nelson Mandela and myself undertook a joint initiative and publicly KwaZulu/ Natal and boldly went out together to bring peace to the the region , our two - man impact would exceed anything the rest of region's black leadership could do together . I have invited Dr. Mandela to sit down with me and to talk about how to do just this . Let the two of us , I have said , sit down together and then go together to bring peace to our strife - torn areas . I say we add the impact that we can make as two leaders to whatever churches , leaders alone , church together or in association civic

leaders ,

The my

time hand

peace .

CENTRAL COMMITTEE MEETING

JUNE

23

could do to bring about

forth must else with

for the holding out of hands friendship to the ANC , of

I hold out is always there . every as I hold it out to

organisation .

23 JUNE

2.

28

CENTRAL COMMITTEE RESOLUTION

call Mandela now accept our President's on Dr. То ip friendsh and his offer to work with him to reduce n Black - on - Black confrontatio .

GROUP OF PRESBYTERIAN BEL- AIR CALIFORNIA

JUNE

of hand levels of

MINISTERS

FROM

to I have recently again and again appealed to Dr. Nelson Mandela stand up and to be counted with me in the name of peace . I have said invited him to talk with me and I have repeatedly repeatedly to him privately and publicly that if he and I stood up together peace for and went forth together to be among the people to call nothing any and reconciliation between Inkatha and the ANC , many of - no matter how were combination any black leaders involved ,

- would have the same

impact ...

I again call on Dr. Mandela here in your presence to meet with me . I call on him to go forth with me so that we can call for peace together . I call for the resumption of the Joint Peace Committee the and I call for a re - think in it to make the initiative most now effective initiative possible in the circumstances which are prevailing . 29 JUNE

HON AJ VLOK CAPE TOWN

Caucus points out that the Chief Minister of KwaZulu calls for peace , repeatedly calls President of Inkatha Nelson Mandela peace ,

2

JULY

to meet with him and to go

forth with him to

and on act

DS TE CARPENTER NGK NATAL AND CLERK OF SYNOD DRC NATAL AND NINE MEMBERS OF THE NATAL

the Dr. for

THE NGK

120

I have called for reconciliation . I have called on Dr. Mandela to come and talk to me about how best to stop the violence and I have said again and again if we were to do so and that if he and I were to go forth from those talks to calm the people and act against violence , no two leaders anywhere would have the same impact .

MZIMELA SIPO REV UNITED STATES

5 JULY

It

is

against

MZ IMELA

AND MRS

FROM

THE

this kind of background that

I believe the violence that has taken place in the KwaZulu / Natal region of South Africa should be looked at . We have here a violent situation in which the ANC's senior leadership has not thus far permitted Nelson Dr. Mandela to come and sit down with me and for us to go forth together to

still the violence ,

despite my

PRESS STATEMENT CONFERENCE

5 JULY

appeals to do

so .

RE ANC ANNOUNCEMENT OF

PEACE

I say yet again that if Dr. Mandela and I go forth to act together we could do more to stop violence than any other set of black leaders

could possibly do .

6 JULY

REPLY TO REV STANLEY MOGOBA

assure you that

I

to

continue

I

invite Dr. Mandela to have me to campaign for peace .

discussions

CHAIRMAN AND FOUNDATION

7 JULY

for peace

call

with me

and I

continue

and to go

to

forth with

ADENAUER

DELEGATION FROM KONRAD

I have repeatedly asked Dr. Nelson Mandela to meet with me and to KwaZulu/Natal forth with me to still the violent scenes in the go went forth region . I say yet again today that if he and I together , we would be a powerful force for peace which could not be or paralleled by any other leaders , either in their twos their dozens or in their scores ... I

am prepared

to meet with Dr.

7 JULY

STATEMENT ADENAUER BRITISH MINISTER ARREST OF

Even today committed

Dr.

Mandela come ,

then go Even

after to kill

Inkatha

after

from all

any day ,

any hour ...

WITH MADE AT A LUNCHEON KONRAD AND FOUNDATION RE ANC CALL TO GERMAN GOVERNMENTS RE SUPPORT FOR CHIEF AND ANNOUNCEMENT BY HON AJ VLOK OF FOUR ASSASSINS

activists the arrest of four ANC members of Inkatha's leadership , talk with me ,

forth with me

today

Mandela

to act

reason with me ,

against

peace

with me ,

and say: and

violence .

what the ANC has been

future

feel

trained I still

initiatives

saying

about

excluding

and even today after

ANC

121

activists have been arrested with hand grenades , AK 47's and other l be Dr. if death , hope say there could stil I of instruments would Mandela act with me and journey with me into a non-violent future .

JULY

14

5.

INKATHA WOMEN'S

BRIGADE

FUNCTION MAHLABATHINI

To further particularly call on Dr. Nelson Mandela to accept and our President's repeated invitation to sit down with him to talk peace and then to go

forth with him to act

AMAKHOSI , ADDRESS ΤΟ MAHLABATHINI DISTRICT

INDUNAS

for peace .

AND

COMMUNITY

23

JULY

I to to

want to report to you today that I have again and again appealed Dr. Nelson Mandela to come to speak to me , to sit down with me , to reason with me and to plan for peace with me . I have said

Dr. Mandela : Come brother , go forth to act for peace . CAUCUS

25 JULY

sit down and talk and then let us

RESOLUTION

particularly call on Dr. То Mandela to respond to the Chief to Minister of KwaZulu's oft - stated invitation to him to meet discuss what they can do as two black leaders working in harmony to establish peace .

5.

JULY

28 I

let us

have not

GENERAL OLESEGUN OBASANJO responded

antagonistically to these

set - backs .

I

have

repeatedly , privately and publicly said that my invitation to Dr. Mandela to meet with me stands . I have said repeatedly and publicly that if he and I got together to sit down and talk about involved , the issues we could go forth to do more about calming violence than any other two

28

4 .

JULY

could possibly do .

CENTRAL COMMITTEE RESOLUTION

To call on Dr. Mandela to respond to our President's work to with our President to ensure that the good State

28

leaders

call and of the

is put before the good of Parties .

JULY

MINISTER OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS

PORTUGAL

invited I have I say we should shame violence out of existence . Dr. Nelson Mandela to sit down with me and then to go forth with me to act against violence .

15

AUGUST

LETTER TO DR NELSON MANDELA

I call on you, I call for peace and people continue to be killed . Dr. Mandela , to sit down with me as a brother to talk peace and to go forth to ensure peace , and you do not respond ... South Africa demands

it

of us .

We must get

together .

The

future

122

depends upon us . Let us defy everybody and anything which says we should not meet . Let us meet . Let us go on to establish peace and stability of the kind that all the heroes and the martyrs of the struggle would have

applauded .

2 AUGUST

DOCUMENT PAC

PRESENTED TO MR JOE MKHWANAZI

OF

THE

I have repeatedly in the past said , and I again today say , that my hand of friendship is held out to the ANC and to all political organisations . I again plead for a multi - strategy approach which will enable leaders such as Dr. Mandela , Mr. Mothopeng and myself to define common cause action for all our followers in such a way that

South Africa

really

is

put

first .

RE :

STATEMENT PRESS STRUGGLE

7 AUGUST

SUSPENSION

OF

ARMED

I have what is now a longstanding invitation to Dr. Mandela to sit to down with me to talk about how best to bring about an end violence , and then for us to go forth together to do together more than a host of other people could do to bring about an end to violence .

STATEMENT INTERVIEW

13 AUGUST

DR

MANDELA'S

repeatedly ,

that

I

Nelson Mandela at any time for talks the conflict in KwaZulu/ Natal .

if

remains , meet Dr. resolve

DAILY MAIL ON

as

I have

stated

TV

E +

My position to prepared will help to

ΤΟ

am it

I have actually given Dr. Mandela dates on which I was available to meet him . I have repeatedly called for him to meet with me and He has then for us to go forth together to act against violence . not

responded .

15 AUGUST

The time has

PRESS

come ,

STATEMENT RE VIOLENCE ON THE

finally ,

to

call

EAST RAND

If I

a halt to violence .

read

the public mood correctly , then they will at this time be demanding to know from the ANC why they have been so tardy and have not responded to my repeated invitations to ANC Vice - President Dr. Nelson Mandela to meet me for talks in a bid to find solutions to the conflict . I repeated that invitation on national television Yet still there has been no response . only yesterday .

15 AUGUST

I

have always abhorred violence

always pursued

I

RESPONSE TO ARTICLE " THE ETHNIC CURSE "

non- violent

TIMES

for political purposes

tactics and

have particularly abhorred

IN SUNDAY

ENTITLED

and I

have

strategies .

Black - on - Black confrontation and the generation throwing away of young black lives by using the modern as cannon fodder .

123

I

have warned against

Black confrontation and

the

intensification of violence

I have warned

against

its

I call on Dr. Mandela now to finally respond to my us sit to down and talk and to go forth to bring strife - torn Black political 19th August

in Black - on-

spreading . invitation peace to

for our

conflict .

1990 ·O-

The

Memorandum presented by General

TRANSKEI'S

Holomisa

POSITION PAPER ON VIOLENCE

PRETORIA .

21ST AUGUST

reads

as

follows :

IN TRANSVAAL

1991

GRAVEST CONCERN

The the

at Transkei government wishes to register its gravest concern alarming proportion of violence in South Africa which has

recently engulfed Black Townships

in the Rand

areas .

The

and sudden unwarranted loss of life has becomes a daily occurrence and it has therefore become incumbent on all leaders across the entire political spectrum to put their act together in order to halt

this

unsavoury

carnage

amongst

the black people .

ALLEGED ETHNIC CIVIL STRIFE

We the

of are greatly perturbed at continuous propaganda allegations ethnicity . ongoing Civil strife being based on If this

continues to receive prominent publicity from time to time , it will only aggravate an already untenable situation and fuel the flames of non- existent antagonism among the blacks . ask One has to oneself the question : Why does this so - called ethnic confrontation suddenly flare up between the Xhosas and Zulus when all has been quiet before February the second ? I am mindful of the fact that violence has been raging in Natal for some years apparently based on ideologies and different political inclinations . One wonders whether this is not a change of strategy behind by architects of divide and rule policies (working the ill - informed scenes ) by selling this " new option of ethnicity " to and illiterate hostel dwellers . I submit that the recent allusions to ethnically based violence are something to new and are seemingly therefore a calculated ploy conceal real matters at issue . intelligence have that the SAP authentic play not does a instead it has wholly aligned protective and preventive role ; itself with alleged Inkatha impis whom they allow to freely move pangas , sharpened irons and axes , about brandishing assegais , threaten other people of different extraction on the pretext that

We

124

they are members

of the

African National

Congress .

When these

threatened by the warlike conduct of the said group , carrying weapons of the same type in order to

feel

they resort to ward off the

possibility of imminent attack by the Inkatha impis - the SAP intervenes . In their intervention they disarm the African people threatened of by Inkatha and leave them defenceless victims Inkatha . The SAP does not disarm Inkatha and claims that it is their tradition to wield these deadly weapons . Who can claim that the SAP is neutral in this conflict situation? Are they not expected to disarm all and remove all dangerous weapons ? I must state categorically that it tribes to wield sticks , knobkieries indication of a potential conflict .

is the tradition of all African etc. even without the slightest

The SAP actions of disarming certain groups while Inkatha remains heavily image armed has left an indelible mark and blot on their and that of South Africa . The SAP

fires teargas

canisters

into these

certain

groups ,

shoots

at them and thereafter Inkatha impis descend on them like wolves on helpless victims . Gunshot wounds of RSA made weapons like Rls and R4s have been conclusively established on the victims of Inkatha attacks and Inkatha

impis

are

reportedly carrying Rls

and AK47s .

STATE CONTROLLED TELEVISIONS AND RADIO STATIONS

The

role

of the SABC - TV ,

the

state controlled

media ,

is

highly

Its handling of suspicious and arouses indignations among viewers . to nothing practically almost does confrontation violent the Instead it displays the Inkatha national reconciliation . promote to ready SAP dangerous weapons escorted by the wielding g wieldin impis not do physically eliminate other African people who and attack incite antagonism among the sosubscribe to inflame ill - feelings , the over group groups and promote one ethnic different called and nation- building to not conducive is this Surely others . seriously undermines In the would

attempts to bring about

past week the SABC - TV has created never be peace in RSA without

peace .

impressions that there the participation of

Zulus / Inkatha's leadership though the SABC - TV knows that Inkatha would not be denied a say in fashioning a new South Africa because it is one of the political parties who have a following in this country . Even the South African Government and ANC have recently contended to find a just solution for our country .

It is the same SABC - TV and security forces who last year made wild allegations about imminent Swapo attacks ; and recently about the statements plot by the SACP to seize power and yet retracted these when faced with facts . observed the extensive coverage have also incitement of of racial hatred and prejudice by the right - wingers who are implacably opposed to the changes introduced by the RSA government . We expect the SABC - TV to promote the atmosphere and spirit of national reconciliation and from all go out of its way to remove racism

We

national

and political

issues .

125

RECOMMENDATIONS

I

have not come here

to highlight What

is

for mud - slinging but

expected

of us

as

leaders

lives above party political gain . to stop this carnage . programmes perceived must be cast aside . I therefore

the

foregoing was

observations we have made over some

recommend as

is

to put

meant

time .

the value

of

human

We need to agree on short , snap Differences or whether real

follows :

a.

That both the leaders of ANC and Inkatha , Mr. Mandela and Buthelezi respectively , Chief must publicly appeal to their followers to stop killing each other . No conditions should be attached to this call . Immediately after that , lower echelons must meet and implement the orders from their superiors .

b.

That His Excellency the State President Mr. F.W. de Klerk must personally issue a force order to his policemen to stop firing shooting people , aiding Inkatha impis by supplying teargas , weapons and ammo , as alleged .

C.

That Minister of Police Honourable Mr. change of outlook from his force i.e.

i. ii . iii . iv .

A.

Vlok must demand a

combat outlook No more carrying of Rls and R4S Carry a pistol and baton Wear a normal police tunic uniform with tie No more

The above will be in line with the recently announced suspension of struggle . armed This will also minimise this random shooting in the black areas . We know of no war which has been declared against the

already disadvantaged

communities

of this country .

d.

Anyone carrying a dangerous weapon without arrested as the law of the land demands .

e.

With immediate effect the carrying of traditional / dangerous weapons at political rallies , streets , in Townships , in meetings must be

f.

The

stopped through a government must

SABC - TV/ Radio

be caused to stop

a permit must

be

gazette . inflaming

ethnic

violence and giving prominent coverage to incitement of racial An and ethnic hatred by any political organisation . Angolan type of propaganda they used to screen has no future in this already country . The oppressed masses of this country are questioning the SABC's commitment to President de Klerk reforms , g.

h.

if there

are

all .

leaders , or Traditional at the level of Kings Chiefs , should address their affected people in the have been blindly led to this situation . For

this

process to

parties/organisations

j .

any at

That RSA government

be

who

successful , ANC/ Inkatha

must be

should

Paramount Reef ,

political

involved .

assist

in funeral

arrangements :

126

h.

i. ii .

Transportation Coffins

iii .

Mortuary

That

a

i. ii .

People who are homeless Orphanage Loss of jobs Financial losses

iii . iv . 1.

m.

n.

fund be

costs

by RSA government .

established to

look into the

following :

Involvement of Transkei in whatever deliberations by the Security Committee to diffuse the situation since Transkei being killed without cause , Nationals are more so that RSA To this issue , a Security Forces are believed to be involved . Joint National Monitoring Committee needs to be established where Transkei will also be represented .

carefully need to country this in politicians the That ion r se ght Security rmat thei by them to brou the info scrutini ts or take before they embark on making public statemen Agents major decisions . A well - representative Commission of Inquiry , not a Harms Commission style on CCB ( i.e. certain information hidden away from him , thereby making the whole exercise a mockery ) be convened to verify whether this is not a strategy to inflict political defeat on other that it is a tribal feud .

0.

That the Police improve strained especially change of

interested parties under the pretext

must start a public relations relations between them and the

exercise to public more

the Black Communities . There must be a complete outlook and attitude on their part the towards

public .

CONCLUSION

the and fear on to remove any feelings of uncertainty , order In tly l d s grea be tica woul ping it ain , poli grou cert of part the appreciated if the RSA Government were to produce an agenda of of RSA Government must heed the reasons negotiations . envisaged to avoid as not want to join the negotiations so do who those movements a fertile ground for the emergency of resistance making d by rich and in a future South Africa , which can easily be exploite selfish lunatic right - wingers . Finally in the light of the above , I call upon all parties involved in the structuring of the negotiation forum for a new South African to consider constitution the involvement of Transkei and other independent homelands .

absolutely Mr. no ground for the is There Honourable Minister requests merit Gerrit Viljoen , recently to talk of considering on by the TBVC states if they want to be re - incorporated with South Africa . The actions , political course and the path of the National have fragment Party never been based on any merit other than to Blacks along ethnic lines and deprive them of the majority vote by accentuating While imagined ethnic antagonism . Transkei

127

acknowledges the commitment to not did concede one party the would not be It

concerned , negotiations by all would who right to determine

it and

represented .

is an open secret

and the NP is advised to remember this ,

that

people from Transkei and other areas have always been and are still in the vanguard of fighting oppression . Through their pressure the NP government has finally acceded to their demands for a negotiated settlement . Transkei people had always upheld the view that any homeland independence was technical

and therefore

meaningless .

I therefore submit that any deliberate attempt to crush transkeians Nationals of this country by anyone , through these and other reckless cowboy style tactics will be resisted at all costs . If this senseless killing of our people does not come to an end , we will be duty bound to come guests .

and protect our people here

as uninvited

THANK YOU . (Sgd . ) H.M. HOLOMISA MAJOR GENERAL CHAIRMAN OF THE MILITARY COUNCIL : TRANSKEI

demonstrable , Even in situations where culpability is not clearly top leaders from and there is only claim and counter- claim , both sides of the warring factions who go to the people do something beneficial .

I remind the House ,

Mr.

Speaker ,

in conflict

Honourable Members ,

can

how grateful

we all were that His Majesty the King of the Zulus went to the West Rand and East Rand with Paramount Chief Tutor Ndamase , President of His Majesty called for the shunning to call for peace . Transkei , an made violence . He leading animosities to ethnic all of Transke and , Zulus that ians recognit plea for the ion impassioned one were all South Africans and that an offence against Ciskeians our past against the rest of us that shames and offence is an shames us today .

said Majesty appealed for the clashes to stop immediately and there were none who were blameless because everybody had been drawn the He called for the cessation of killing talk , into violence .

His

cessation of taunting political to political confrontation .

propaganda

and he

called

for an end

His Majesty's calls for peace were certainly beneficial but quite obviously a lot more will have to be done to get to the root cause very We have again of political violence in South Africa . in recent times been witness to ethnic violence in the Transvaal . We turning have again witnessed political differences into ethnic conflict leading to clashes between Zulu and Xhosa in which people actually died . It is the culture of violence which we must get at .

128

clear am most grateful to His Majesty the King for sending such to messages Zulus and to everybody in South Africa in which he calls for peace . There is a great Zulu desire for peace , as was by the seen magnificent response of the Zulu nation to His Majesty's 1989 .

Imbizo meeting which he

called

in Durban on

19th November

We must eliminate the conditions in which the culture of violence of thrives . One of these most certainly is the destruction communal life through apartheid and through poverty . Millions of They Black South Africans live in atrocious conditions . have struggled at tremendous hardships to themselves to educate their sons and daughters only to find that the economy is not producing the jobs

that their children need .

There has been a great migration from rural to urban areas . Because can the land is just horribly over - crowded in rural areas it no from Relief longer support the populations on it . must come searches for employment

Yet

when

people

and

economic

activity elsewhere .

escape poverty in rural

areas

and

seek

to

move

closer to cities where employment or trading or barter or something if townships they move into terribly over - crowded be found , can and if they are not , they move they are lucky , bits of cardboard and anything else that can be

recovery in South Africa Economic solution of the violence problems .

into shacks made found to hand .

is absolutely

vital

to

of

the

I

am always totally astounded at the extent to which this reality just completely ignored . You have those outside South Africa is who feel no pain from any South African poverty , blandly saying must Sanctions by that sanctions continue . destroys hope Hundreds Africans destroying jobs . of thousands of Black South have already

lost their jobs

through

sanctions .

Mr. Speaker , Honourable Members , when a farmer plants fruit for the rest of his life he does something for

trees to bear a permanent

benefit . If he plants too few trees and he plants them too late , he can never go back in time and remedy his error . The fruit is just not there to be picked because the trees were not planted . Any tree he plants today to help his situation should have been a tree planted

in addition to the other trees he did not plant .

every factory that was not established to produce In the same way , established . the jobs in the last five years or more cannot now be New factories can be established , yes but they should have been the that those were established in addition to which factories new You have been established but were not established . can should done two go back in time and do that which you should have never years ,

five years ,

or ten years ago .

129

Sanctions

have

lost

jobs .

Those

lost jobs

have

resulted

in

deepened poverty . The deepened poverty has resulted in more deaths from malnutrition . Deepened poverty has resulted in children not being able to be educated . It has resulted in further stresses and strains in communities and families of the kind that has at times destroyed the

fabric

of

society's moral

fibre .

The damage that sanctions have done is a damage that in most cases just cannot be remedied . Yet there are those who still know that change is totally unavoidable and totally irreversible blandly say agreed yes we must have more sanctions because the ANC has not yet to the lifting of sanctions .

There are many things , Mr. Speaker , Members , Honourable which separate Inkatha Freedom Party from the ANC . Nothing , however , separates us differences more than our on the question of sanctions . We say jobs are vital . The ANC agrees but says Blacks suffering the must continue loss because of jobs want they sanctions to continue .

the Sanctions produces hideous poverty and yet the ANC argues that people must continue suffering from this poverty in greater measure because they , the ANC , want sanctions .

I cry out why , why why ? What work does sanctions do ? If change is totally irreversible , why does the ANC still call for sanctions ? Why is it condemning thousands and thousands of new matriculants and poverty each year to live out the next years in greater in greater joblessness ? people were prepared to boycott new investments produced is a slap in

Let the people decide with their feet . If lose jobs because of sanctions , they would in South Africa . Every factory that is not choose the face of the right of Blacks to

whether or not they support

sanctions .

It is quite clear that even the best that we can hope for in terms of the growth of the central cash economy of South Africa will not eradicate poverty for the foreseeable future . The years that build , factories take to the years that it takes to make them in productive and the years that it takes to train Blacks for jobs them ,

are years

in which poverty will

grow and grow and grow .

Just stop to think of the implications of the statement that in the period that it takes the Black population of South Africa to double , the value of the rand is reduced approximately to a quarter of what it was at the beginning of the period . We have vast new hordes of people with fewer rands which can buy less each year that This is a hideous descent into the hell of poverty . passes . We must put an end to it . Somehow we must find a way of telling the world to stop this crushing of Black hope and the rubbing of noses of the most oppressed in the political dirt of those who are using sanctions for their own Party political ends .

130

the I must report that I really am most grateful that despite by the ANC , repeated calls for the continuation of sanctions country after country in the world is beginning to reconsider their positions . Few countries could have been more vehemently opposed to times apartheid than the Netherlands was . The Dutch were at almost unreasonable in their condemnation of apartheid because they were attached to their condemnation supportive action to those who Yet the not actually the prime movers in destroying apartheid . Dutch today have decided that sanctions must now be lifted .

Even call

the Labour Party in Holland has decided that they support the Britain is calling for for the lifting of sanctions . the

immediate lifting of some sanctions and the immediate consideration to lift other sanctions . Europe generally is now agreeing that change is irreversible and that there is no prospect whatsoever of They apartheid being made a permanent way of life in South Africa . see that we now have a mopping up operation to do , and we see that we now only have the

final

dismantling of apartheid to do .

the There these gains which promise at least some relief for are the greatest the of the poor but the country which should be poorest South in the struggle for racial parity and for justice of ally - the continuing is blandly to apply States United Africa Congress and the Senate who argue in the Those for sanctions . continued they will

application of sanctions against South Africa blandly not move until the ANC tells them to move .

say

I get totally incensed when I hear this kind of statement . For me people are more important than Parties . A whole generation of new South Africans is going to come bursting on to the market place . The huge population bulge of more than half of Black South Africans who are 15 years old and younger , is beginning to arrive in the country's market Within a places now . years , couple of this population bulge will be producing children seeking homes in which to do so , seeking jobs to enable them to live , seeking health and welfare services which are absolutely essential for life . Millions of them will get nothing because there will be nothing to had be for them . There will have been too little there will have been too many sanctions .

economic development

and

whether it is the inhuman politics of a abhor inhuman politics , I or an an AK gun - carrying oppressor sten gun - carrying oppressor , for vast cry a is There oppressor . law- enforcing apartheid There is a cry for humanism humanity in political decision - making . stop I really do appeal to the ANC to philosophy . political in jobs the them denying by poor the of poorest inhuman to the being I say to the ANC that they must that sanctions denies them . stop of expense the for political aims at Party search their the suffering

of the

people .

The violence question will not be solved while poverty abounds and the desperation of the poorest of the poor deepens . Violence will in not be eliminated while there is a culture of violent self- help societies in which millions live who do not benefit governments or political Parties do for them .

from

anything

131

are of the people , We we represent we come from the people , We strive people . for the people whom we represent and we that the people

say a

resounding

the know

no to sanctions .

Mr. Speaker , Honourable Members , in terms of the suggestions I made earlier I wonder if the most diligent search we could make and the to most diplomatic approaches we could contrive , would suffice Who would come bring advocates of sanctions to address the House . with me to Johannesburg to stand before 70 , 100 000 people we call together want at our mass rallies to tell the people that they sanctions

against

South Africa

to continue .

Every time I have put the question to mass rallies , a roar of approval for my stand against sanctions . else than anything are indicative of those in

there has been Sanctions more the liberation

thinking gone wrong , struggle gone wrong , sense of responsibility gone wrong and fundamental analyses of South Africa gone wrong .

you Yet cannot engage these people in the real issues . yes , them blandly sit there smiling at you saying , yes , sanctions did help to bring about the situation which Mr.

Some of yes but de Klerk

introduced in his February 2nd address last year . They blandly sit there smiling at you saying , yes , yes , but sanctions did help them to achieve the release of Dr. Mandela and other political prisoners and getting organisations unbanned .

They will blandly say that the vast majority of Americans feel very strongly Africa . about maintaining sanctions against South Assertion after assertion after assertion . It is just not true sanctions that the vast majority of Americans want to maintain one against South Africa . Those who have been lobbied into or The another position may well have clear - cut views on sanctions . vast majority of Americans , however , from my own experience of them would not want to marshall serious arguments in favour of sanctions from because South Africa is too far off a place and too remote American

interests

to

arouse

this

amount

of concern .

is It the lobbyists who have made the sanctions Hill thing and a Congress and Senate thing . It

issue is not

thing beyond being a weapon which pressure elements of the American establishment .

groups

pick up to assail

This sheer assertion of being right in the which sanctions so patently have , is to me

face of the consequences totally indefensible .

a Capitol a people's

Mr. Speaker , Honourable Members , I stand deeply offended . We who have struggled for the liberation of South Africa by using means which years are now being proven to be the right means , were for we made adopted pariahs of the world because the feel to the tactics and strategies which are now proving successful and because armed we refused to the adopt the failed violence option in

132

struggle . choice

We

were

held as pariahs

of that which turned out

to be

of the world because

of

our

right .

Honourable Members , Speaker , now that we have proved that we are right , we are expected to go with a gentle voice with begging words to plead for the lifting of the support measures which were called for by those who sought to bring about change through means that failed . Mr.

feels like standing up as a South African and saying to hell One with it all , we have earned our liberation stripes . We have done our way what has to be done and we did it and we did it successfully , we did it honourably and we did it by ourselves . We do not have to crawl back into international sport . We do not have to into we crawl back the international forums where now SO properly belong

because

of what we have

so properly done .

I am not prepared to suffer this final Party political onslaught by the ANC and crawl before their dictates to stand with them in their approach to the

lifting

of sanctions

in their own goodness

of time .

South Africa is now a society with a soul . It is a society with a vigour for righteousness and justice . We will stomp out the evil South in Africa because we are now an upright nation . We will triumph over both apartheid and its aftermaths with which we will have to deal . We will do so walking tall , being proud , being beholden who to nobody and certainly not being beholden to those which call for sanctions and other international punitive measures Africans have battered Black South Africans but left White South unscathed .

Mr. feet will else

Speaker , firmly

Honourable Members , we in this House must keep on the ground and seek only to do that which we

Perhaps more importantly than benefit the people . is there we must make sure that South Africa , in

thinking and revised thinking about economic pace with South African revisions on thinking

This feet Government

ground on the stance of really does distinguish us

our know

anything revised

sanctions which keeps about democracy .

the and the IFP from so many other

KwaZulu

groups . Ever since the mid - 1970's when the Government was cracking down on lists membership - based organisations because they had membership identifiable leaders with addresses , there was a tendency in and membership - based many Black political quarters to move away from structures .

onwards , They also learned that in the drama of June 16th 1976 and media The temptation to acclaim established celebrity leaders . seek this kind of acclaim and leadership status by celebrity leaders was more attractive than searching for leadership status in the hard grinding work of organising people .

133

leaders The mid to late 1970's produced a whole crop of celebrity They them . The idiom of politics changed for South Africa . in constit their or as " workers " to about uency talk grandly started were they acclaim "the or " Blacks " as though the media people " receiving their stage - managed political prominence gave for them speak on kind of hot line to God and gave them the right to some behalf of the masses .

This IFP . kind of politics was of course challenged by the We to a need of the people responded to felt organised . be We remained membership - based and for quite some time stood virtually alone as a democratic movement . You cannot be democratic unless you have blocks of voters who can say yea or nay to say yea or nay to policy .

leaders

and can

Each and every year , Inkatha's leadership was held accountable to society General Annual Inkatha's at delegates as root grass Conferences elected leaders and passed the resolutions which became known the mid - 1970's we have Ever since on leadership . binding which what the people wanted because we had the mechanisms through the

people

could

tell

us what

they wanted .

elected that members notion strange this still is There to there by es ed h them es itte plac le whic itte comm on peop comm by The United Democratic Front committees can claim to be democratic . ripple root went without leaving any grass and disrupted came , s s were never root , behind it because they never came from the gras nted grass by lame not es were and grass root forc to responsible decided A committee sat and when they disappeared . forces root that they would disband .

If any Inkatha Freedom Party Conference or committee disband Inkatha , decide to it would be picked up all country in independent action after wide re - establishment programme .

independent

action

It is against the background of these perceptions had realities that I to consider whether or positively to Archbishop Desmond Tutu's to Cape Town to meet with him and black

tried to over the

in a

of South to not

nation-

African respond

invitation to me to proceed leaders at Bishopscourt .

Archbishop Tutu himself came into prominence when he returned from Lesotho to take up an SACC position as General Secretary in the He 1970's . had been in London and other places and at the time was in Lesotho . He returned to South Africa in the rising euphoria which characterised the mid to late 1970's .

He kept company with Black Consciousness leaders leaders . He himself became a real celebrity in his he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize .

celebrity and own right when

134

When

I received his

invitation to meet with him and black

leaders

at Bishopscourt I had to sit down and ponder upon what contribution the very honoured Archbishop could make to Black politics . He did not have a constituency ; he was not part of a hierarchical structure of leadership ; he could not be censured by the people like me , a whom he misrepresented in his statements . He has not , constituency every in the midst of which I live and whom I serve day and to whom I

am accountable .

august that the Archbishop was selected by an of course , I know , the head to Anglican laymen of my Church and Bishops of body however , He did not , Anglican Church as Archbishop of Cape Town . with have to foot - slog it through local communities in competition He others to establish his right to speak on behalf of the people . Provincial the of the point of view from position the earned Elective Assembly because they considered him to be a Godly man who Bishops are not Unlike politicians , deserved to lead the Church . shepherds are but flock their to goods to deliver wordly expected of their flock . Their main concern is the soul .

the Suddenly being summoned to a meeting in Cape Town where I was being Archbishop was bringing together people from across the country . I had to remember who he was and with whom he kept company . I had to remember that he said quite plainly that he was a member of the ANC . I had to remember how he said that he was only acting as a leader outside the Church because the " real " leadership was in jail or in exile , and that he would stand down when they came into their own .

I had to existence

remember that the United Front Democratic came into firing volleys at Inkatha Freedom Party and declaring it persona non grata from day one . had I had to remember this and I to remember that Archbishop Tutu was a patron of the UDF , together with other personages made prominent by fast foot - work and good TV coverage .

Just

last week Dr.

Mandela was

telling me

about

a

meeting

that

held at the ANC's Headquarters . He told me that he was keen to an all - Party Conference , but that he still had problems certain organisations and unwilling be to attend involved

Mr. the

was have with

leaders who state that they continue to attended anyone by meetings that are

in the self- governing Regions ,

like

KwaZulu .

Speaker , Honourable Members , I stress that I am talking Tutu . Tutu trying to become the political Archbishop

about am I

talking about Archbishop Tutu outside his lofty role and inside He is my Archbishop rather inadequate thinking about politics . might he be right about many things to do with the Church but most

certainly wrong about many things

his who is

to do with politics .

prolonged to and I had remember how the SACC mounted a vicious was Freedom Party even while he vendetta against Inkatha its General Secretary .

135

I had to remember how on a number of occasions by some of my brothers in Christ to get the

there were attempts Archbishop and I

together so that we could become reconciled and talk with one voice it came to things that really mattered . I remembered these when meetings and I remembered that they never actually culminated in real reconciliation .

In the people

end I just could not go to Cape Town to sit meeting . the Archbishop was hosting to the

the the Cape Town to see was proposing ,

amongst Perhaps

final factor which made me decide against going to any good could come out of the meeting he whether the veiled - or perhaps not even so veiled - threat at the end was the Archbishop Tutu wrote to me on of the letter of invitation . about 17th October quoting what he had said in his Charge to Synod actually an faxed On the 18th October he meeting . a calling the for called me attend the meeting he had to to invitation previous day .

The two communications

read as

follows :

•

From the Anglican Archbishop of Cape The Most Reverend Desmond M. Tutu , D.D.

17 October

Town F.K.C.

1990

VIA FAX Mangosuthu G. Buthelezi Chief Minister of KwaZulu President of Inkatha Private BAG X01 3838 Ulundi

and

Dear Chief Minister

In my Charge to the Synod of the Anglica of Town Cape n Diocese tonight I intend calling for a summit meeting of black political leaders at Bishopsc ourt , Cape Town in the near future . As a matter of courtesy I feel of the relevant section of the

I should Charge .

let you know the

full

text

political leaders of blacks need to meet urgently to plan "The a strategy joint in on negotiations , to adopt a code of conduct political dealings , to handle decide on how to the factional violence and to promote unity and peace . Our Church has a special responsibility to call these leaders together ; to our commitment liberation the of our people has been uncompromising but we also have made it clear that we have no party political alignments . In consequence , I propose to call a meeting of all black political leaders Bishopscourt soon . at My invitation will be to all the leaders of substantial black political movements . The aim would be for a black political summit , would be the importance of which undisputed , to so that our people would judge leaders who refused attend as enemies

of unity ,

peace

and

liberation . "

136

be I will invitation .

in

touch with you

again with

fuller

details

my

of

God bless you Yours sincerely ( Sgd . )

DESMOND CAPE TOWN

The second communication dated the 18th October Honourable Members , reads as follows :

1990 ,

Mr.

Speaker ,

My dear Brother ,

Subsequent to my fax to you dated October 17 , I have great pleasure of issuing in this formal invitation to you to attend the summit black political leaders which I announced in my address to the Synod of the Anglican Diocese of Cape Town on the night of October 17. I trust that you received my fax : my intention was that , as a I of courtesy , matter every leader should be sent the fax before delivered the address . will take place at summit The Cape Town . Bishopscourt , in November 29 ,

starting at

10

my official residence am date that I The

am and going on for the whole day .

My invitation is issued to you in your capacity as the substantial political force among our people . It

is

my

earnest wish that

summit to make

it one

office , and proposing is

all

of historic

such

leaders

should

leader

attend

of

a

the

proportions .

meeting I calling the am church leader strong as a a with commitment to the freedom of our people , but as one who actively propagates the view that the Church should not have party political alignments , and that it should be a facilitator to help bring about negotiations and peace . I do want to emphasise that the meeting is not designed to replace discussions or relationships between your movements on a bilateral level . I do not believe it appropriate at this stage for me to be interfering in your individual relationships with each other . Nor already is the summit meant to supplant multi - lateral discussions taking place on a more exclusive basis than the I am proposing .

broad - based meeting

meeting therefore is designed as a multi - lateral summit attended by all the leaders of our people . I very much hope that would relations , it in fact pave the way for better bilateral leading to one - on - one meetings between leaders .

The

137

Our people are crying out for such an initiative . It would give them hope , boost their morale and enable them to walk in South Africa and the world with pride , their heads held high again . I am very concerned at the effect it will have on our people's morale if the first time black leaders meet is at negotiations convened by the I also Government . believe it is important not to underestimate the degree of confusion and distress that recent developments have caused in the international community . I myself been have overwhelmed at the interest my call has attracted from the Western media , including outlets in Britain , Switzerland and the United States . I believe the world , as well as our people , wants this initiative to succeed . I look forward eagerly to hearing your response to this invitation . I pray for a favourable response to what I believe is God's vision for us at this moment in the history of our land . Once you have replied , my the details .

staff will

liaise with yours with a view to

organising

listen to this

sentence .

God bless you , sincerely ,

Yours ( Sgd . )

Mr.

DESMOND CAPE TOWN

Speaker ,

Honourable

Members ,

just

of the importance " The aim would be for a black political summit , would people judge be so that our so undisputed , would which and unity , peace of to attend as enemies refused who leaders make it did really course of straw That last liberation . " The Archbishop was actually saying that for me to go . impossible if I did not come , the people would be mobilised against me .

Pressure was mounted on me , however , to accept the invitation and I as had to issue a Press Statement on the 17th October which read follows :

STATEMENT

ON THE CALL BY ARCHBISHOP DESMOND TUTU SUMMIT ON THE HE PROPOSES CALLING FOR A SUMMIT OF BLACK LEADERS BY MANGOSUTHU G. BUTHELEZI , PRESIDENT INKATHA FREEDOM PARTY AND CHIEF MINISTER OF KWAZULU ULUNDI .

17TH OCTOBER

1990

have always stressed that for me the main calling of the Church I reconciliation , not only between man and God but also between is and man . man I have felt that this has not happened sufficiently in

our divided

society

in South Africa .

There strategy is nothing wrong with Blacks adopting a just on conduct negotiations and in adopting political a code of in and dealings to decide on how to handle factional violence in

138

promoting unity and peace I think that we must first accept the bitter truth which has permeated some of the Church leaders ' black thinking throughout the years of dividing black leaders and organisations

into the

good

guys

and bad

guys .

This thinking has contributed substantially to the current Blacksince the mid - seventies . I think that this on- Black violence monolith , indicates that the black community is not a and that there

are differences

of opinion amongst

them throughout the world .

only tragic thing is that these differences have erupted into The violence . These differences will not be eliminated easily as some are based on ideology and some are based on differences on tactics and strategies . These problems have been compounded by the black violence that has resulted in the death of thousands of people . These violent clashes have not yet ended in this region of KwaZulu/ Natal , particularly in the coal mines , and they seem to be getting worse . I have welcomed the peace talks in Durban in which a delegation of Inkatha Freedom Party is participating with a delegation from the lives . ANC in addressing the violence that has cost so many This needs to be nurtured and encouraged as it might finally result in a meeting of the leadership of those two organisations involved in the violence to meet even at the top level . I cannot see how we summit can over - fly these peace talks to meet all of a sudden in a at Bishopscourt .

I will nevertheless put the Archbishop's suggestion to the Central Committee the of Inkatha Freedom Party and the Caucus of the KwaZulu Legislative Assembly for guidance before giving my final word about the Archbishop's invitation . I appreciate the Archbishop's concern about the cost to all of us of the present cleavages in the black community and the need to get our act together . must only I add that Inkatha Freedom Party has become a multiracial Party since July and believes that reconciliation between while people of various races in South Africa must take place now , we are removing the very last vestiges of apartheid . We believe that thank reconciliation must take place now or never . I the Archbishop

for

extending a personal

invitation to me .

would I had decided that I would not act alone in this matter and refer whole question Inkatha the to the Central Committee of Freedom Party on the 27th October . following Resolution :

The

Central

Committee passed the

Freedom "We the members of the Central Committee of Inkatha in peace frequently expressed our commitment to Party have ourselves Africa and we have frequently committed South to the Black unity based on the general acceptance of for work the lamented We have a multi - strategy approach . for need we and divisiveness political intimidation and violence of Mangosuthu Dr. President , always our have supported all to offer of political friendship frequent Buthelezi's He has held out his hand in friendship and we would Parties .

139

support

any

move

which

aimed

to

between Black political Parties which have hideous and shaming conflict . We

have

scrutinised

relationships in become involved

normalise

Archbishop Desmond Tutu's

meeting of black political leaders in Cape Town and WE RESOLVE :

to be

call

for

a

held at Bishopscourt

1.

То express appreciation to him for the there is in his call .

2.

То question his impartiality when he makes suggestions which accept and give ecclesiastical endorsement to some of the ce .tral ANC policies such as its commitment to as the work for a Constituent Assembly and to posture and only group capable of representing the poor the oppressed in the politics of negotiation . We question impartiality the of Archbishop Tutu when he suggests that President F.W. de Klerk should provide Dr. Nelson offices Mandela and his National Executive with and facilities in the Union Buildings .

3.

To state political

sincerity

our that it is considered opinion leaders need themselves to normalise

that

that their

relationships with each other and that it is up to them when , how and whom they meet because it is they who to carry the burdens of the mandates the people give them , and it is they who are answerable to the people and not a dignitary like Archbishop Tutu .

То

4.

notwithstanding

any appreciation we

have

for

the

sincerity there was in his call and quite independently of our questioning of his impartiality , we resolve to advise the Freedom President of Inkatha Party , Dr. Mangosuthu graciously Buthelezi , decline to the invitation .

5.

To invite Archbishop Tutu to specifically , publicly and of very clearly state whether he thinks the President Inkatha is an " enemy of unity , peace and liberation " as he suggested would be the way people would judge who declined to attend the meeting he proposes .

leaders

In a further attempt to persuade me to attend the meeting in Cape Archbishop Town , which the was sent me a hand - delivered letter brought to me by Bishop Michael Nuttall dated the 18th November . He

was accompanied by my own Bishop ,

It

reads

To :

as

Bishop Lawrence

Zulu .

follows :

The Hon .

Dr.

M.G.

Buthelezi

My dear Chief Minister ,

I

greet

you

in the

name

country after your recent

of our Lord and welcome overseas

trip .

you back

to

our

140

Sadly , touch

I have with you

in had to go overseas myself and am unable to be in person as I would have wanted to do to approach

you yet again , this time asking you to consider carefully what your response should be to my invitation to after you issued our Diocesan Synod last month . The Central Committee of the Inkatha Apart from Freedom Party advised you to turn down that invitation . the

Press ,

I have not yet heard

officially from you .

Almost all the black political leaders have accepted my invitation Dr. except President Mangope (who has not answered ) and Mopeli . PAC has not yet indicated formally but indications are that ANC and PAC will be represented by their top leadership .

AZAPO ,

I held a pre - summit meeting with AZAPO and PAC at the request of the former . ANC did not send representatives because they thought the wrongly that this meeting was considering whether to attend Bishopscourt touch Summit . This meeting suggested that I be in with that

you to urge you to attend because it would be the first time be virtually the entire range of black political views would

represented . I have asked Bishop Michael Nuttall and another Church leader to meet you to bring this request to you which I would have conveyed person are in had I been here . The issues which we going to discuss are critical to the black community and the future of our country . I have invited Dr. Mgojo and Dr. Chikane as representing the SACC Presiding to be present at Bishopscourt as well as Dr. Mogoba , Bishop of the Methodist Church and Bishop Napier , President of the Catholic Bishops Conference to come to Cape Town , SA so that it won't be a Tutu one - man - band show if you have had difficulties about my impartiality . The Churches are only facilitators of a among chief actors would be the political leaders The process . whom I would hope I

am

God bless

I

count

yourself on that

asking Bishop Michael

that he and his

( Sgd . )

to

to bring you this

colleague would persuade

you to

letter in

the

hope

attend .

you ,

DESMOND CAPE

TOWN

replied to the Archbishop

The Most

occasion .

Reverend Dr.

Anglican Archbishop Bishopscourt Claremont Cape Town

as

follows :

Desmond M.

of Cape

Tutu

26th November

1990

Town

Your Grace ,

I was most grateful that you sent Bishop Nuttall and Bishop Zulu to your over with me and to talk about issues and to hand down sit the that hope It is my sincere letter of the 18th November to me . discussions we had did help them understand the issues involved .

141

I had I attend

already prepared a letter in reply to your invitation the Cape Town get - together for Bishop Nuttall to take

you . He persuaded me to withhold the letter and think about I have done so and I now write . I again .

to to

things

meeting am touched by your deep concern that I should be at the I like I thank you for the concern and I would so you have called . I further , things understand why , after thinking about you to symbolic be only would convinced that my going to Cape Town remain and would not serve any real liberation cause . Perhaps able

only our Lord knows the to join my brothers who have

struggle

regret with which I will not be the each led in their own way in

for liberation as they meet with you

in Cape

Town .

On reflection , I feel I must share with you and I ask you in turn to share with all those who are present - documentation which shows not that it is not Inkatha Freedom Party but the ANC which does want to work for reconciliation . I

enclose

Committee

a

copy

of

of the ANC

a Memorandum

to

the

from the Natal Midlands

National

Executive

Region of the ANC .

KwaZulu and will see from this document that the ANC's Natal You which Mr. John to the peace overtures objecting is leadership Nkandimeng and Dr. F.T. the two organisations . I also enclose the ANC .

Mdlalose

a resolution adopted by the Natal

It is now public knowledge

1.

on behalf of

Midlands

Region of

that :

The ANC has postponed the seven- a - side talks between Freedom Party on the one side and the ANC/ UDF / COSATU other side ,

2.

had been spearheading

sine

Inkatha on the

die .

while That the ANC NEC issued a press statement that it had decided to meet with Inkatha no communication with us to this effect has taken place at all .

very ugly the ignore name I expected to am heaven's in How Region Midlands the Natal from emanate which hostilities in action the subsequent NEC and the NEC's with communication ? demands their of support

I ask you , your Grace , to table the Midlands Memorandum to the NEC together with my apology and to table the resolution they adopted , like It is now time that people not attending your meeting . for yourself , Na publicly stated how they view the ANC your Grace , tal Midlands memorandum and the resolution . Further in answer to your letter of the 18th October inviting me to man the Cape Town meeting I want to say I appreciate that you as a of God are expressing your concerns about the need for Blacks to you get together . I appreciate your making the nice point that would not like to see black leaders getting together for the first time

when they get

together to negotiate with the

Government .

142

about distress in the international community There is , I agree , normalis steps to construc e tive develop need We . ments recent to and indeed Parties , political black between relationships normalise all politics in South Africa . democratic calling leader on hearing that you were for a a put to the meeting of black leaders , I immediately determined to have matter before Inkatha Freedom Party Central Committee . I never acted as an individual and political relationships between and by myself and others are forged by objective reality the

As

responses we and other Parties have

to

reality . "

I then quoted in my letter to Archbishop Tutu the Central Committee Resolution which I have just read to this House , Mr. Speaker , and went on to say :

You

will

see

that

in point 4.

invitation , your Grace and you will 3. and 5. why the Central Committee

I am

advised

to

your

decline

see from the other points thus advised me .

1.

2.

This resolution gave me some difficulty . It permitted me to go should I so choose . I was advised . There was no demand in the resolution . I had therefore to think about a great many things

very carefully . take I the communication

opportunity of Bishop Nuttall with coming a from you , your Grace , to hand him my reply to your

letter . Having thought about it a great deal , I do indeed in the end decline , most graciously I hope . My resolve not to go can , I hope , be seen as a gracious one . It is at times very difficult to cast deeply - felt , or intuitivelyissues in logic , This is one felt , or in explanatory ' terms . of an those occasions where anybody with advocacy ability would sway There audience whichever way he wanted to sway an audience . are reasons to go and there

are

reasons

not to go .

My prime concern is the emergence of peace and the normalisation of relationships between black political Parties which have been drawn into violent confrontations . Violence must cease ; killing must anything do am committed to peace . cease . I I do not want to jeopardises any possible progress towards which towards achieving a violence which there is no longer any risk situation in of any between the

ANC and

The

are

issues

Inkatha

national ;

Freedom Party .

they are historically urgent

issues .

I

have an intuitive get -toge feeling that a at Bishopscourt - together between all kinds of leaders will not contribute to minimising the ANC's violence against Inkatha , or maximising the kind of accord between the ANC and Inkatha Freedom Party which leaves them as next Parties to each other in the peaceful seeking process of mandates

from the

people .

have also had the added difficulty that from press I reports it would appear that the National Executive Committee of the ANC made a formal decision to meet with Inkatha Freedom Party . Dr. Mandela left for his eastern tour soon after that , left for and I have Europe and North America . We just have not been in the country together since

then so no meeting could have

been arranged .

143

the problem is that I am not even convinced that the NEC wants take to take place . Had it really wanted the meeting to place , it would in the first instance have given me advance warning of its public statement and in the second instance - even if it had failed to do this it would have followed its public statement up with a direct communication to me . I have actually heard nothing from them whatsoever about this meeting . My

meeting

Not

only

this but the ANC National

Executive has

now

tragically

postponed their participation in the seven - a - side peace initiatives sine die . Just when we thought there would be some progress in the peace ANC and Inkatha Freedom Party co - existing in in the KwaZulu/ Natal for doing so .

region ,

the ANC withdrew without

giving any reasons

This makes it virtually impossible for me to go to Cape Town as you invite do . must me to There is unfinished business which be finished . It is just so very tragic that my repeated calls for a meeting with Dr. Mandela and my repeated holding out of Inkatha Freedom Parties Party's hand of friendship to all black political is so utterly ignored .

your You , You Grace , are are not only a father of the Church . worldly -wise . You know what goes on on the ground . You know that Dr. Mandela and I should get together . You also know that when I say to you directly that my door has always been open to him , you believe can it is not me who does not want to get together with It is not I who is to blame . him . All Dr. Mandela needed to have done is to pick up the telephone and I would have put time aside for him . a have do I though . complicated more getting lack Mandela Dr. at appalled 's so become now has which constituency of response to my many genuine invitations , saying that they are quite simply that the ball is in his court .

Things

are

Despite the terrible dangers that there could possibly be of negotiations failing , it is I remain buoyed by confidence that South Africa that is going to respond and it is South Africa that we can believe in . I do not see political personalities as some kind of God - like powers making or breaking politics . The whole of institutionalised South Africa wants the kind of society you would be prepared to minister lead in , your Grace .

in ,

your Grace ,

and I would be prepared to

The starting point for a grand new real democracy is already there in the hearts and minds of South Africans across all race groups . In the and end it must be a people's democracy we establish the institutionalised developments best way of doing so is to merge with negotiation developments . Í make the point in haste here , and make it briefly here , and I just try to give an additional insight to both what I am saying by pointing out that the Church is institutionalised and so imbued with the spirit of Christ and His presence , that it defies all institutional limitations . We cannot take its institutionalism away , though , without damage to it .

I am going to strive to make the politics of South Africa a backed by institutional forces working for what ordinary Africans want . That is my understanding of what the poorest

thing South of the

144

poor

who

are the worst victims

of apartheid now want .

They

want

progress . With my respects to Your Grace , Yours

sincerely in the

Service

and warm regards . of Christ

our Lord .

MANGOSUTHU G. BUTHELEZI PRESIDENT INKATHA FREEDOM PARTY

Honourable Members , Mr. Speaker , I really do understand that Archbishop Tutu was himself concerned about violence . You will Archbishop remember that earlier in the year I had a meeting with Tutu on the question of escalating violence in Pietermaritzburg and he remained active in the media and in private discussions calling peace . for My refusal to go to Cape Town was not related to any doubt Archbishop was the about that not personally concerned violence . I just could not , however , join in with him in doing that which would not help eliminate violence .

Even this last week I had again to insist that are involved in violence who must be mobilised

it is the people who against the violence

in which they are involved . Outsiders - and particularly white outsiders from different communities who have never known violence - have a limited factions .

role

to play

in actually mediating between violent

see Walter Sisulu's to Dr. responding could I no utility in sburg on with sit down to week last to me to go to Johanne invitati violence . whose communities were not directly involved in leaders 1990 certainly saw no utility in going to Cape Town in November I involved sit there with leaders whose people were not directly in violence .

I to had take the advice of the Central Committee of Inkatha Freedom Party and declined to attend . This has nothing to do with my loyalty to the Archbishop as the Metropolitan of my Church and Archbishop . In that capacity , I give him all my allegiance , respect and reverence . That is quite between us over so many decades .

apart

from what has happened

Mr. Speaker , Honourable Members , I think it is important to put the record straight . We have been discussing the whole question of erupts , we violence and the circumstances in which violence and have been talking about what These are all serious matters , I do Inot know which is worse

can be done to eliminate violence . Mr. Speaker , Honourable Members , and - doing nothing or doing the wrong

thing .

I

and

Inkatha Freedom Party and the

attempted to do the

right

thing to

KwaZulu Government

eliminate

violence .

have

always

145

Members , now can see why I am you Honourable Speaker , SO pleased that following the 29th January meeting between the IFP and the ANC there have been many meetings between the two organisations committees and many attempts between them to establish local peace That is the route to follow . wherever violence has broken out . Mr.

A

lot

more I

believe

could be done by the ANC to

popularise

the

contents of the agreement and the accords that we reached in Durban on the 29th January . We have held mass meetings , large and small both in Natal and in the Transvaal , to popularise amongst Inkatha and Freedom Party members and supporters the agreements accords which the IFP and ANC came to . In peace rally after peace rally we and called on have explained the agreement and accords we reached , the

people

to honour them .

I might be uninformed on this particular matter , but I do not think They are that the ANC has followed the equivalent line of action . the not popularising the agreement that was reached in Durban on 29th January . And yet almost in each and every case as far as the violence that has happened since that date , it is Inkatha Freedom Party members who have

been attacked

and

killed .

Tragically on the other hand , our people have been attacked on more than one occasion and actually killed on returning from a peace rally at which we were for peace .

explaining the Durban agreements

and calling

be The whole conflict in Alexandra could , from one point of view , seen as an attempt by the ANC to disrupt the IFP in a peace move . The meeting for which some time ago already permission was sought the 17th March would have served both the purposes of for establishing an Alexandra Branch , and of proclaiming the content and value of the agreements and accords that were reached in Durban on January 29th . Deliberate attacks were made to stop the meeting from taking place . People were killed to prevent the and people were killed on the way to it .

rally

taking

place

ANC did as much as

Inkatha

Freedom Party was doing to spread the word of peace and to the Durban agreement as far and wide as they could .

It

would have been very helpful

if the

promote

Even though there have been meetings between the Peace Committees , the last being the meeting that took place on the 14th March in Johannesburg , there really has been no progress as far as this is concerned . We are told by the National Chairman of Inkatha Freedom Party that it was agreed on the 14th March that each side , i.e. the ANC and the IFP , should nominate nine members for an on - the - ground Committee to monitor the Alexandra violence , and up to Friday when this speech was delivered , the ANC had not nominated its nine members . The Inkatha Freedom Party announced the names of its members to serve on the Committee there and then on the 14th March It 1991. is indeed quite difficult to implement the Accords in spite

of the meetings

that have

taken place

so far .

146

Mr.

Speaker ,

Honourable Members ,

I

would

like now to pause to draw

Let me ask Honourable Members , Mr. Speaker , some threads together . to grasp the import of the totality of violence , disruption and all South of all the politics that was ever poured into the remnants Africa to make this country ungovernable .

We are facing aftermaths of

hideous the a situation in which we not only face effect continued terrible of apartheid and the

apartheid legislation even on a day - to - day basis , but we also face the consequences of failed strategies mounted by opposition groups .

Quite clearly now the call for the politics to grapple with the violence that there is violence in our society is going to be added the calls to make South Africa ungovernable and violence .

of negotiation is society . in our

going That

to by the aftermath of through confrontation

been conditioning of the minds of people , the hate that has The and norms the break- down of social by past violence , generated ning of community the undermi parental control because of violence , still combine and many other things , authority and wholesomeness , to militate

against

the best

that we

can do .

past of failed having to face the consequences to addition face we and strategies and past propaganda for violence , tactics strikes boycotts , present day call for " mass action " and for the action mass campaign , Every stay - aways . and boycott every strike national every stay - at - home campaign and every campaign , as it were , all the things that make for the campaign reactivates , that has been so abhorrent in our midst in recent months . violence In

Honourable Members , not I sometimes despair and do language and in what symbols and in what idiom one can It is utterly wrong in call for sanity in our land . on my opinion for nurses to go on strike in the way they have gone to cold push the sick over the brink into death and which strike

Mr.

Speaker ,

know in what successfully

increase the suffering

of those who already

suffer so badly .

was appalled when I was witness to KwaZulu actually nurses falling prey to calls by trade unionists and political activists to abandon their wards and possibly let people die while they toyitoyi'ed around with people who had no responsibilities towards the sick . I

This

whole

idiom

of our violence and the politics of total disruption that we saw in hospitals , is the same kind of thing that we witnessed in past years when that god foresaken hideous slogan now , " Liberation cause Education later " was employed to such devastating effect to

of

mayhem and disruption to

force majeure

politics ,

our educational

system .

the

politics

147

Nurses who toyi ' - toyi'ed abandoning their patients ,

patients while were dying were , joining forces with all those who

in are

practising to make South Africa ungovernable so that they can do so without do when they not get their political will implemented question .

In our own civil Service virus of ill - intent .

there

is what

one

can only call

a creeping

I use this image , Speaker , Mr. Honourable Members , of a virus because I most certainly do not want to castigate our Civil Service as a Civil Service . There are good people in it , nobly serving the cause of making the best out of the miserable circumstances which apartheid has thrust on us . There are genuine people in our Civil Service , working hard making it possible for the KwaZulu Government to achieve its objectives of giving what education we can , giving what health services we can and giving what social security we can give within the limited means at our disposal .

I am not knocking our Civil Servants when I say there is a creeping virus of ill - intent among our Civil Servants . It is almost like a threat of a kind that can only be likened to AIDS . It contaminates on contact . It spreads whenever there is discourse about what I am talking about .

In the world over , Mr. world over , the mean

Honourable Members , and I really Speaker , governments do not tolerate Civil Servants turning against them . Civil Servants are there to put into effect the business of government and the decisions of government . They cannot take it upon themselves to do what the electorate should do - change governments . If an electorate calls a government into office through its votes , Civil Servants must serve that government and must make it work for the people .

There could be no democracy if governments elected into power are hamstrung by Civil Servants who by - pass the voting booth to put crosses on the graves of those who suffer because there is a breakdown

in government

services .

been castigated in the past by the press calling I have for on codes of conduct among our professional staff in the Civil Services . I have been castigated when I have said to doctors that they cannot work in a clinic by day to heal the sick and go out by night to throw bombs to create the wounds that they will to have heal

the

next

day .

That

is

a hideous

spectacle .

go said to our teachers that they cannot teach by day and have I and everything decent is that everything subvert to night by out our in in our traditions and in our culture , valuable is that . liberation for struggle the in noble is which that to commitment

148

I have said to our Civil Servants that they cannot serve They masters . cannot trample over the wishes of the people have elected members of this House to office .

If

Civil

Servants want

to change

things ,

they have the

two who

God - given

right to become political leaders and to lead people to support and bring about the change that they want . to While they are Civil however , they are committed by all honour and all decent Servants , helping contract to the government do what the government is mandated to do by the people .

I am unutterably and unspeakably nauseated by the mentality of some who claim to be speaking on behalf of the victims of apartheid but ape apartheid bosses by dictating to others what they should do and what they should not do .

is anyone in the whole of KwaZulu who of the KwaZulu Government and who

If there existence

objects to objects to

the my

leadership in it , they have recourse to politics in which they can change things . They can go to the people and they can put up candidates they want to man this House , Mr. Speaker , and to change what they Mr. want changed . They can even go to people , the Speaker , to seek a mandate to fill this House with those who will prorogue it as they would wish to be the case .

While

they have not got the guts to do this , while they have not the staying power to get amongst the people to organise them , mobilise them and to seek the mandates they need , they have no right to frustrate doing the best that we are to fulfill the

got

mandates

that

we

receive

from the

people .

Civil Servants who attempt to disrupt the work the of KwaZulu Government are like spectators who throw glass and spikes on to because pitches one or they want a game to end in disaster for another side .

There

will

be

no trade

unionism in the

KwaZulu

Civil

Service .

Every grievance that any KwaZulu Civil Servant could possibly have can be adequately expressed in our own Civil Service Association and laid before the Public Service Commission . There are avenues which Civil Servants can use for the airing of grievances and the remedying of that which is wrong .

Civil never be foolish enough to deny that in many cases would I You could not have Servants do have honest and genuine grievances . Civil thousands of people working together as we do in the KwaZulu Service without somebody along the line being wrongly treated .

I

am

quite

sure that

I

am right when I

say that

those

who

agitating for trade union rights for KwaZulu Civil Servants are in the least bit interested in the civil servants themselves . attempting to

fashion trade

unions

for Civil

Servants ,

are not In

all they are

149

KwaZulu is fashioning a stick with which to beat me and the doing their They Government . are using our Civil Servants as pawns in political

game .

When I talk about violence in South Africa being prohibitive of the politics of negotiation on which we totally depend for the future country , the of our I am not talking only about violence of am I also talking about the violence of mind , the slaying . undermining violence of wills and the violence of disruption and

and betraying .

Speaker , I want to pause here , Mr. Honourable Members , and again pick up something which is concerning me gravely . Inkatha Freedom in in Party is It KwaZulu . has every sense a Party in power political advantages The people . because it is working for the people are asking how many schools which now have walls splashed with grafitti with Dr. Mandela's name or Mr. Tambo's name or with "Viva Mandela " or " Viva Tambo " were actually built by them or the They are asking what the ANC has ever done to house them . ANC? If people feel so strongly about the so - called " system " people are asking , why do the same people who exude these diatribes , scramble with people them for the same so - called " system facilities . " The are asking what hospitals have the ANC ever provided for them . They are asking what the ANC has

ever done

to house them .

The people are aware that there are shanties , that there are slums and for ghettoes and informal settlements and they lay the blame shanties , slums , these ghettoes and informal settlements at the feet with of apartheid . When we come as the KwaZulu Government what small portion of the fiscus apartheid has given us , we do not trample it under foot because it is too small . We say that this little we have is a little of that which is ours and we will use it to the best

possible

effect .

We do not say that the little we have is too little and throw it away . We say it is our money , we are entitled to it . We the Black people of South Africa earned the wealth of the country from which we can expect our share for our children , for our schools , for our hospitals and for social and welfare services .

We will then take what we can get , use it as best we can so that we are the stronger to fight apartheid to get more and to become equal and free in the land of our birth .

Honourable Members , Mr. Speaker , They know this . that the misery

the people actually understand they suffer is the misery that

comes from apartheid . There are , of course , some who are confused and who have fallen victim to the terribly hideous propaganda that the KwaZulu Government

There

are

those

intimidated

is part

of the

of course who are

into believing that

oppressive

drummed

KwaZulu

into ,

is at

apartheid

cajoled

fault .

system .

into ,

and

150

When Mr. Speaker , however , our own people , - our own supporters and indeed our own youth in Inkatha Freedom Party want the IFP to distance itself from KwaZulu because the people are blaming KwaZulu for their woes , then I think there is something very , very wrong .

through every Speaker , Mr. message I send out to our youth , The absolutely in assured is that we are this Assembly , of member at position a Party of Inkatha Freedom and the in KwaZulu be tables where the future of our country is going to negotiating decided .

absolutely We are assured of the fact that we will be given an opportunity of making a contribution that will in fact change the very history of our country . We are going to be there , and we are multi - Party going to be there to insist that negotiations become a affair . We are going to insist that democracy is going to be a multi -party democracy . We have earned the right to be there have earned the power to be insistant when we are there .

and we

in We else have done more in KwaZulu and in the IFP than anybody the break South Africa to of the whole South African Black homeland the We have scrapped apartheid policies . Government's

policy

for the whole

of South Africa .

We have done these things because the IFP has been a Party in power KwaZulu . in The youth of KwaZulu must be proud of what we did in Inkatha . For them to turn to blame us and to seek to distance the IFP from the KwaZulu Government is a hideous travesty of Black justice .

Those are strong words , Mr. Speaker , but I have to make this point and I have to make it as strongly as I can so that it is actually heard by our young generation .

I am particularly concerned about this issue because the fight from here onwards is going to be a fight which is going to be drawn out . It is not going to be an overnight fight . There are no political victories which will give us an easy tomorrow . The best political only The victory will give us is a very difficult tomorrow . difference will be that the tomorrow our political victories give us , will be a tomorrow in which we are going to succeed because we are going to be free to succeed .

There are not going to be any free and easy rides to a South African Utopia of the future . There is a rough , tough battle ahead and They must understand that we our youth must understand this . bloodyabsolutely sure , , quite sure make going to in KwaZulu are mindedly sure , that there will never again be the kind of State in that South Africa in which the Government wields the ungodly power

successive

National

Party Governments wielded .

151

We are going to help change the face of South Africa . We are going to strip the State of its awesome powers . We are going to tame the we State for the people . We are going to do it step by step and are going to succeed . We are going to succeed whether it is against the opposition of the National Party , whether it is against the opposition of the African National Congress , or against any Party or political grouping which wants build to up more centralised power so that government .

it and

it alone

can command the

forces

of

We say no , no , no , a thousand times no . We have a dream , a vision , a hope for the future in which the people of the future will reap the benefits of what we now do . We are going to help put South Africa right . We are going to fight for more money for education . are We going to fight for a greater share of the fiscus for the of the poor . poorest We are going to fight for better housing and end we are going to fight for all these things successfully in the because we are going to first of all smash apartheid and establish a just society in which all will the constitution .

be

totally free before the

law and

We in the IFP and we in KwaZulu are going to fight for these things from the bases which we have already created . I am not going to abandon the powerhouse of strength from which we will be drawing very the substance of our political soul for the years to come . Those who keep on saying that we must distance ourselves from this Legislature has been .

do so precisely because they know what

a power - base

it

We are going to make quite sure that power is devolved from the that central sure government downwards . We are going to make second tier levels of government are going to be given greatly enhanced powers and greatly enhanced resources with which to meet the people's needs . We are going to succeed in this because we know the name of the game , We are we know the rules of the game . going to succeed to win .

We

are

because we

are

going to take the Joint

practised

in this

game

Executive Authority

and know how

and

make

it

something that history will write about . We are going to take the Joint Board Services and we are going to show that across the length and breadth of Africa there will be no equal Services Councils which have been set up elsewhere .

to the

Regional

we are going to do these things and a great deal more because We ory hist es are ntag we have and the who we are and we have the adva has there us which proves that we have never let go when behind been a need for political tenacity and staying power .

Indaba be a great Honourable Members , Speaker , Mr. There Kwazulu . of between the Members of this House and the youth a be must Ther . toda rais I e issu y the of e es a tabling be must part of this in forc join to youn es and old of toge g coming ther South Africa to shame the divisions in other parts of South Africa . There

must ,

152

These idiom

things are all part of my rejection of violence . The of the politics I am talking about will rise to

violence because as we band together to do things that can and as we band together to do things to make the lives

whole shame

succeed , of the

poorest of the poor and the most miserable better , others will play their games their toyi - toyi and enmesh people in mass action programmes ,

but

achieve

nothing

on the ground

for the

people .

Mr. Speaker , in this year of 1991 to There is a great need for us , the and make phenomenal headway in bringing the older generation for peace workforce vast a in together generation younger and future prosperity .

Speaker , Mr. Members , Honourable the rejection political of violence in South Africa and the rejection of hideous internecine Black - on - Black confrontations which are so marring the very soul of Black South Africa , is not just a negative is not thing , a rejection only . Our rejection of violence and things most hideous is a clarion call for things most noble . to It is a clarion call go back to pick up the very best that there is in the lives and in the examples of our noble martyrs , heroes and heroines .

Who among the youth of today actually think they can do better than heroines and martyrs ? Who walk in the footsteps of our heroes , amongst the youth today would have done better than Chief Albert for Lutuli did in his day ? Who would have waged a better battle that justice than grand old man of Zulu politics and African politics than A. W.G. Champion ? Who would have done better than Dr. Pixley ka Isaka Seme in starting up a new political movement to face the next century's battle against racism ?

Mr. Speaker , Honourable Members , I am expressing myself about youth in this way because I want to do everything humanly possible to as empower the youth to play the role that they should be playing new the up and coming generation which will provide South Africa's leadership .

It

is

amongst the youth today

say it is will find

- and

I

am bold and

certain when

I

amongst Inkatha Freedom Party youth today - that history future Heads of State and future Cabinet Ministers . They

can adequately prepare themselves for their leadership roles in the future by climbing in now boots and all and by getting a good job and done the way good jobs should be done by grasping realities , bearing down on the

real

issues

and disposing

of problems .

The The problem is not the IFP youth's association with KwaZulu . problem is apartheid . I want the youth on our side because without them the battle will become impossible . The youth and the young women of KwaZulu and Inkatha Freedom Party are essential ingredients in the success formula that we employ . The youth must not be so gullible , and so easily imbibe the political propaganda of our enemies .

153

Honourable Members , when I speak about the youth and Mr. Speaker , am expressing I need for them to grasp issues around them , the valid a be to recognis will themsel e youth the which ves concern concern , that the propaganda of our enemies is getting at our youth and demoralising some of them .

There have been mistakes . There have been the mistakes which there always will be amongst any group in any fight for any cause which can be traced to human frailty and to human nature . There have arguments . been failed disputes which have not produced better There has been a giving up the ghost and the election of easy wayouts .

the a great deal of this giving up great deal of this failure , A armed totally struggle ineffective kind of the to led ghost Africa politics and the totally ineffective struggle to make South ungovernable from which quarters come the criticisms of KwaZulu .

let our nurses let our Civil Servants today , Let our youth today , the that understand , today workers and parents our today , let on failure in the Black struggle for liberation is not of burden be Party Freedom must Inkatha among whom those of side the those among lie past the of The burden of the mistakes numbered . who abandoned the noble cause of the Black struggle for liberation and

sought

to pit

Black against

Black .

out against African history screaming is South of whole The must contaminating simply We the new future with the old past . We must behind us the worst that apartheid has done to us . leave to us around strewn that apartheid has everything above rise not of out stride giant a take to have just life We . contaminate been have that but out of the failed strategies apartheid only pitted against

apartheid in vein while they cost us

so dear .

We have to get out of situations in which the best that we now can do is watered down because the best around us is corroded with the worst from the past . There will be a new South Africa , there will be a new democracy , there will be new opportunities for all . There must also be a new society in which all come together to show that we were not the final victims of apartheid who could do not rise in but by stature to triumph over apartheid not only by scrapping it , eradicating its terrible consequences in their own hearts and minds . Apartheid did not destroy our humanity . I will die rather than

We

be that much

have

to

of a victim of apartheid .

face very difficult

issues

now and we

will

have

to

There is the whole question of continue facing them in the future . we I just do not know how . land and weal of redi the th stribution which face to get around tackling the major questions going are if Africa South new the in Africa Black South continue we contaminating the present with the past .

154

a creating apartheid has had a hideous effect on Unquestionably hideous and totally unacceptable economic divide between Black and White . This must and will be rectified . How we do so , however , is a matter that requires grave thought , close consultation across all political boundaries and it most certainly requires major moves towards reconciling Black and White as well as Black and Black .

Mr. Speaker , Honourable Members , let us take the land issue . Here we have one of the most intractable problems we will yet face . There are millions of Black South Africans who are dispossessed . sense the total Black population is dispossessed . Our land Foreign was taken away from us in colonial times . governments a ruled over us and then the Act of Union settled on South Africa which constitution was turned in practise into a hideous racist constitution .

Are we because against

sea man the now into going to turn to drive the white ers es committed forefath of their the colonial atrociti whole this us ? are we going to begin and end in Where

business

of trying to

put

the

clocks back?

you If take the northern boundary of South Africa you that the boundary between KwaZulu and Mocambique was boundary some that French arbitrator drew on a map

will find actually a Europe . in What President MacMahon drew to settle the disputes between the Portuguese respective British and the about their spheres of influence became the boundary that we

are now saddled with .

Africa whole of the Swazi boundary was foisted on Black South The The Zimbabwean boundary again was a by the Boers and the British . The western boundary that was decided by colonials and by Britain . boundary that separates us from Botswana was yet another boundary by divides people who should which , like the Ingwavuma boundary , decided Britain historic precedent have belonged to each other . Britain It was old Bechuanaland boundaries would be . where the boundaries The that decided where Lesotho's boundaries would be . that separate South Africa times .

and Namibia

are

the products of colonial

Mr. Speaker , Honourable Members , across the length and breadth of Africa , government after government and the Organisation of African Unity , have declared an absolute commitment not to bring disputes about boundaries into being which rest on claim and counter - claim from The OAU realises that colonial times . re - opening disputes about boundaries would amount to

opening

a tin of worms .

In broad outline , Black South Africans were dispossessed . Our job not now is to try and break out of the historic our of givens The sovereignty boundaries . the of countries is in Africa African an sovereignty that Blacks in Africa are proclaiming in wage continent - wide perception that it would be utterly wrong to wars now about what white colonial masters did hundreds of years ago .

155

this broad sense , In we Black South Africans just have to accept This that South Africa as it is now bounded is our South Africa . This is where we shall is the land of our birth in modern Africa . express our sovereignty .

carry I Members .

further , that idiom a little Mr. Speaker , Honourable We in KwaZulu burn sometimes with indignation that is so was justified by the atrocious way in which the Kingdom of KwaZulu battered with full - scale wars and shrunk to be what it is today . From every side there was claim upon claim on our territory and on every side war and colonial powers and dispute and counter - dispute about land decided what are now KwaZulu boundaries .

Members , after Honourable Speaker , Mr. this , worse than Even done trails hideous left its bloody worse and had colonialism behind territorial conquest , apartheid came and took the land that we as Zulus managed to salvage out of this whole calamitous process Colonialism further chopped our land up and divided it of history . but in the end not only were our national boundaries shrunk until becoming into dismembered KwaZulu was boundaries those within were pieces little dozens pieces . little These dozens of of domains white corridors and white spots and white by separated proclaimed by Pretoria .

The answer to South Africa's land problem is going to be a complex answer . Nowhere in all South African politics is there going to be more need for wisdom and for patience and for understanding and for steely determination , than there will be over the land problem .

We

in

Inkatha

Freedom Party and

in KwaZulu are

going to

face

the

and problems that the land issue creates for Black politics fairly squarely . We are going to do what is right now . We are going to to the going and we are meet demands of today's circumstances , produce contributions to the solution of the land problem which are not sane , be and sensible which we know as a Black people will perfect solutions .

There will be no perfect

solutions .

We cannot chase

the white man

out of Durban's Berea or Johannesburg's Houghton . We cannot and dare , not and we in the Inkatha Freedom Party and KwaZulu will not employ racist standards in the solution to the problem . We will not say this is white land and this is black land . We will not say that this land belongs to so and so by historic precedent and that If we do so , we land belongs to so and so by historic precedent . this will be declaring a fratricidal racist war which will tear country apart .

will We will look at land as one of the country's resources and we be fair and just in establishing the circumstances in which claim and counter- claim to land can be considered only in the light of what is best for South Africa now .

156

We

are going to put the

good

of the

State

before

the

good

of

any

political Party . We are going to put the good of the State before any group interests . We will have to put the good of the State as a paramount consideration in the redistribution of the wealth of the country and in settlements

It to

of the

land

issue .

would be totally self - defeating for a government of the future confiscate every cent that everybody has and then divide the

total by the number of people in the country and give to each the rands that there would be for him or her . This would be totally destructive of the wealth of the land . It would be destructive of the productive capacity of mining , commerce , banking and industry . It would be totally destructive of the productivity of agricultural land and we would not even be able to feed ourselves .

When it comes to the redistribution of wealth , we are going to put the good of South Africa first because that is basically what the people want us to do . We as a black majority in a new democracy are going to inherit a country that is ravaged by apartheid . We which the are going to have to find solutions take ravaged around us countryside into account and whatever we do must be healing

for the

country .

Everyone of us knows that if we redistribute wealth forcefully and nationalise all the country's major industries , we will only be authoring utter devastation for generations to come . We have seen what devastation Socialist command economies have produced in Africa . We have seen how the destruction of private enterprise has been the destruction of the very founts

of economic development .

by must redistribute wealth but we cannot redistribute wealth We We must simply taking from the haves and giving to the have - nots . mountains wealth , making more wealth by redistribute more of and educational the giving Blacks wealth , then and training and the advantages of total freedom and total advantages equality will and the constitution so that they land the before be the for have of all the benefits that the new wealth will recipients South Africa .

there goes the With that approach to the redistribution of wealth , idiom which we will have to employ in considering the land issue . We cannot destroy the productive capacity of the land simply because there are very valid , genuine claims to land which can be authenticated even in courts of law . The do

by

land issue simply cannot be used as a political football not know how we are going to avoid the messy political

Blacks

I and scraps

that lie ahead both on the question of the redistribution of wealth and on the question of land . There are political leaders idiot leaders who promise Blacks some kind of economic heaven when apartheid goes . There are actually those who are telling the poor and the oppressed that after liberation they will be given cheque the houses books and they will be able to take over of their present bosses .

157

There are also those in black politics who are screaming that every man and woman who was dispossessed of their land is going to get back the land that they lost during the long decades of apartheid . They know this cannot be done but they are going to try and drum up violent support for their mass action programmes by raising these kind

of issues and making

these

kind

of promises .

We say bluntly that the land issue will have to be solved in the interests of South Africa and we from our point of view can only promise the dispossessed of South Africa deep sympathy and the maximum possible assistance by employing market forces to make it possible for those all have Blacks - and especially who been specifically dispossessed - to own land in the future . end , In the we know we will do more for the dispossessed than anybody else because we will do what actually can be Those done . who promise more than what can be done will end up destroying that which can be done and the people will not even have that . We will hang in there politically and do what is right because we want to live with the

consequences

of what we

do .

Mr. Speaker , Honourable Members , I have never misled Black South Africa . The people know that when I speak I talk about things as they are . I always attempt to follow the examples of great the leaders of the past in giving people political things to do that can be done .

It is in this frame of mind that I picked up the Government's White Mr. Paper on Land Reform . Speaker , Honourable Members , I want to place on record what I initially said about the Government's White Paper on Land Reform .

PRESS

STATEMENT

BY MANGOSUTHU BUTHELEZI CHIEF MINISTER KWAZULU AND PRESIDENT INKATHA FREEDOM PARTY

ULUNDI .

13TH MARCH

1991

dismantling apartheid , be In we will on occasion after occasion faced with statutory the dilemma that the removal of apartheid should ideally be associated with the implementation of broad - based Unfortunately action to set right that which apartheid made wrong . we again and again will be faced with the need for the scrapping of apartheid years legislation now knowing full well that it will be perhaps decades before the full aftermath of apartheid can or be eliminated .

158

forthwith , of the Group Areas Act must be done dormitory fact that know that ghettoes despite the we the and the townships that apartheid set up will not be eliminated overnight : We must scrap the Group Areas Act and then tackle the task of achieving parity of opportunity between Black and White when it comes to the question of adequate housing within a reasonable The

scrapping

distance

of places

of work .

The

scrapping of the 1936 Land Acts and all the sections of in legislation other Acts which relate to racial on restriction land ownership and occupation , must be done now, despite the fact the land issue contains contentious questions . These Acts must be scrapped now despite the fact that the terrible disadvantages that the Land Act has for Black South cannot Africa be eliminated overnight . African the South congratulate Party Freedom Inkatha and I and Act on its intention to eliminate the Group Areas Government . legislation associated all and scrap the Land Act In the process of bringing about really meaningful reform these to Acts had go now give to Black South Africans not only assurances eliminating that the Government is serious about apartheid , but also to give Black society the opportunity of making the earliest possible start on the readjustments they will have to make to improve their lot in life .

White South African Government part ur the on Paper on Land Reform as an immediate serious endeavo and with of the Government to tackle a very thorny issue boldly

Inkatha

Freedom

Party accepts the

vision .

The IFP is as aware as the ANC or any other political group is that elimination the of apartheid structures alone will not be sufficient . We are aware that the position of dispossessed Blacks who were removed from their land by apartheid legislation and lost rights to land are aggrieved citizens and their grievances will have to be dealt with . The of

however , that it would be fatal for the process IFP believes , negotiation if no apartheid Acts were scrapped until full and

satisfactory arrangements have been negotiated to undo the that past apartheid has done . The and

IFP the

damage

argues that setting right that which the Group Areas wrong , Land made be Act will have to done at

Act the

negotiating table .

The

fact

there will be

that

no

racial

discrimination

in future

in

to land and the use of it , is a major step forward . Blacks Government has announced to assist ordinary d aude . to land and home , must be appl

acquiring title that the Steps to gain title

The security of title which the South African Government introducing group for shows any member of any race a meaningful

commitment towards

equality

intends really

for all .

in that private enterprise must feature prominently The argument ownership , home is a the of land and the means to acquisition welcome reliance on harnessing market forces to help deal with the

159

aftermath instances , done

to

of

many apartheid . In the land issue , as in other how this can most effectively be done and how it can be is a the satisfaction of South Africa's dispossessed ,

matter for the

negotiating

table .

South Black with has always been honest Party Freedom Inkatha own and will not promise to do things that it on its and Africa been have who Blacks with work will IFP The . do could nobody else dispossessed to gain the best possible advantage that can be gained What that advantage will be will for them in the new South Africa . depend upon dispossessed what the and can political Parties negotiate . The IFP calls on Black South Africans to applaud the Government's intention to scrap the Group Areas Act and the Land Act and asks them to back the negotiation process in which land disadvantages , will be dealt and all the other disadvantages of Black society , with in the most constructive way possible . Let us reject all arguments that the Land Act and the Group Areas Act should not be scrapped yet because no agreement has yet been reached on how to deal with the deep - rooted land problem and how best to deal with the grievances

of the

dispossessed .

Instead of castigating the Government for not dealing now with all the problems of the land issue , let us express our support for the and urge the an scrapping of Group Areas Act and the Land Act immediate start on a close examination of the best market force directed means of giving those dispossessed by apartheid the most meaningful

means

of acquiring

land .

in The IFP with its politics of realism will wield real influence political programmes that can actually be pursued because they are the realistic . The IFP is determined to address the question of land needs of Black South Africa . --O-

We In principle , we support government thinking on the land issue . beginning to support it because the Government is now at last Black articulate perceptions of South Africa's problems . The solutions which the Government are offering on the land issue would had have raised all political hell even a matter of five years ago anybody attempted to impose the thinking on White politics .

of the day responded to Black political pressure Speaker , Mr. in the 1930's with this thinking , Honourable Members , Black politics across the length and breadth of South Africa would have rejoiced at a magnificent victory .

Had the Government on the land issue

Today the set in the minds of some which can only demand more and more that can never be achieved , whether they were the Government or not , just has to be put aside . We have to do that which can be done and I look at the Government's guideline proposals on land reform simply

from this point

of view .

160

The in and

points of departure of the South African Government contained this White Paper are that access to land is a basic human need

that free enterprise and private systems for meeting this need .

ownership are the

appropriate

The Government says that it is now accepting the need for the State to make land accessible to the people . In order to do so they are proposing the abolition of restrictions to land rights which apartheid

imposed

on the whole

of

South Africa .

on restrictions proposes not only to abolish the to which were imposed to separate Black and White but the Government is going to give control to Whites of the land , help to assistance it can from its side to provide whatever do Government The land ownership

people acquire

The

Government

land .

is also undertaking

in

its

Guideline

on Land Reform

Land registration systems to secure land that is privately owned . new in secured and title to land will be rationalised be will integri protect the ty committe to is Governme d The . nt legislation of land rights for all .

Rights

to

land and the

protection of rights and the

system of

land

registration , however , says the Government must take account of the existing reality of communally held land in tribal land systems . This is an issue which has great importance for KwaZulu and I will return to

it

for specific comment a

little

later .

The Government's Guideline on Land Reform goes on to proclaim that Land policy , the paper land must be utilised as a national asset . says , must aim at maintaining the productive capacity of private ownership of agricultural land . Secondly policy must promote the development backward areas . Thirdly , of land simply has to be provided for the adequate growth of South Africa's urban populations and finally land policy must emphasise conservation and the maintenance of land as a prime national asset for the sake of South Africa today and generations to come . to the question of conservation of land Speaker , Honourable Members .

a

I will also come little later ,

back Mr.

White Paper , In the the Government undertakes to racial remove restrictions on land ownership by scrapping the Black Communities Development Act of 1984 , the Group Areas Act of 1961 and the Land Acts of 1913 and 1936. The Government is also in this White Paper committing itself to comb through all legislation and amend all relevant Acts in which restrictions to land are embedded .

This is a bold , imaginative , forthright grasping of a thorny nettle by Mr. de Klerk . Mr. Speaker , Honourable Members , this House must with applaud that boldness . We can sit down afterwards to fight Mr. de Klerk about how best to do a lot of things , say that what he has done is not praiseworthy .

but

let us

never

161

ever in South Africa and every black leader who has martyr Every to approach risen to great prominence would have proclaimed this a the part of a South African Government of their day as on land cent magnifi a is it that today say We . ent forward step magnific to Mr. de Klerk's commitment It gives real content step forward . for to bring about fundamental reform and to work towards equality Black and White .

Mr. Speaker , Honourable Members , I believe that this House should what establish a Land Commission to look at the detail of the Government proposes and then to continue in existence to keep a watching brief over developments in the implementation of land reforms .

Members , fundamentally Speaker , I believe it is Mr. Honourable issues the every member of this House grasps all that important I that are involved in the Government's Guideline on Land Reform . therefore , Mr. Speaker , Honourable Members , table a document which I have had prepared which is entitled " Questions arising out of the vitally is it on I believe Land Reform . " Paper White draft important for us to land issue .

It

read

is going to become

political

disputes

arbitration and the long time to come . role

into the

record everything we do about the

a contentious and

there

issue .

will

be

There will the

need

be

for

Party ongoing

need for ongoing mediation on land issues for a our We must adequately prepare ourselves for

in tackling all the

issues

that are going to arise .

Mr.

Membe the docum I am pres , Hono , Spea enti ura ker rs ent ng e the draft " Questions arising outbl of White Paper on Land Reform " as

a useful starting point for a detailed and pragmatic grappling with the implications of the Government's Guideline on Land Reform as a policy document . Undoubtedly new issues will arise and additional considerations The will have to be gone into as time passes . document I introduce to Honourable Members of the House , Mr. Speaker , enquiry .

is the beginning of what really will be an ongoing serious It is not presented as a definitive statement . It reads as follows :

QUESTIONS ARISING OUT OF THE

DRAFT WHITE

PAPER ON LAND REFORM

to it will The Government's wish create an order in which be within possible for everyone to gain access to land and its use , enterprise the free system (draft white paper p.2 ) is to be an welcomed . It is important that this should be implemented in evolutionary manner ,

as stated in the draft white paper

( p.2 )

162

A1 .

MAKING RIGHTS

IN

LAND ACCESSIBLE TO ALL

The new government policy that the capacity of a person to acquire race and exercise land rights should not be limited by his or that existing measures to help people population group , and to should be made available to all ( draft acquire land white paper p.3 ) are long overdue .

A2 .

Abolition

The draft restricted

of

racially based restrictions

paper white by structures

states that and systems

access created

on

land tenure

land to in various

rights is areas ( pp .

5-6 , para . A2.2 ) . The white paper states that the government no longer subscribes to a policy of separation of population groups in statutorily demarcated areas , and that consequently the rationale ing tain for main racially based restrictions on land tenure , whether contained in legislation or arising out of the system of self government of the various areas , has fallen away ( p.6 , para . A2.3 ) . If the proposed Abolition of Racially Based Tenure Measures Bill is implemented there will be no restrictions left in South African law in terms of which a person can be denied rights to land on the ground of his race ( p.6 para A2.4 ) . This Bill will not affect the status of the self - governing territories or present system of local government ( p.7 , para . A2.6 ) .

The Land Acts and other legislation restricting access to land on the ground of race also apply in the self- governing territories . Will the Bill immediately repeal this legislation in the selfgoverning territories white paper .

as well ?

This

is

not

made

clear

in the

draft

white The paper states that the new Bill also provides for the rationalisation and phasing out of discriminatory area - orientated statutory and regulatory systems ( p.7 , para A2.7 ) . In view of the technical nature of the adjustments that will have to be made , this will be performed b the State President by proclamation issued on the advice new Advisory Committee on Area - related Measures (p.7 ,

A2.8 )

para

discriminatory these what not clear from the white paper is It Are these statutory and regulatory systems are . area - orientated measures in addition to the Land Acts and Group Areas Act ? Do

these measures include legislation inherited or passed by the on self- governing territories ? How will the Advisory Committee Will self- governing Area - related Measures be appointed ? the not territories have representation on this committee ? It is possible to

A2.9 ( a )

comment

properly without having seen the

Land earmarked for incorporation self-governing territories

Bill .

into the TBVC states

and

draft white paper states that about a million hectares of land is to be added to the TBVC states and self - governing territories in approvals and consolidation accordance with existing undertakings , projections . The incorporation of this land and the acquisition and be to have further land are matters that will of incorporation The

This addition of further land is closely bound up negotiated upon . self- governing and states of the TBVC status future the with territories ( p.8 ) .

163

undertakings 1988 press release Minister Heunis made certain that Does the white paper mean the incorporation of land .

In a about

When it states that these and other undertakings will be reversed? that the acquisition and incorporation of further land are matters does it mean that the only topic have to be negotiated upon , will for negotiation will A2.9 ( d )

be

the

reversal

of the

of restrictive measures Abolition territories

present in

undertakings ?

the self - governing

The draft white paper states that the Government considers it necessary that land tenure measures that prevent other groups from gaining adjusted

It

access to land in the self - governing territories should be together with those relating to the rest of the country .

proposed

is

that

the

should also

Bill

apply

to

governing territories , and that all provisions there that and use of land on grounds of race should be acquisition

the

self-

limit the repealed

(p.10 ) .

As stated , it is not clear if these laws will be repealed in the Bill territories into self-governing soon as the comes as or the operation , whether this will take place b proclamation of Areaon the advice of the Advisory Committee on President State related Measures . statutory and in the regulatory systems that limit the accessibility of land territories will come self-governing be under scrutiny and rationalised in accordance with the proposal for proclamations by the State President on the advice of the Advisory Committee on Area - related Measures . This means that the State President will be able to make adjustments by proclamation in the territories . - His powers will , in the spirit of negotiation , be exercised in close The

white paper goes on to

say

that ,

consultation with the governments

in addition ,

of the

territories

( p.10-11 ) .

As already mentioned , it is not clear that is intended by referring to these other statutory and regulatory systems . It is not clear what laws in the self - governing territories will be repealed at any , if once , and which will be repealed or amended by later proclamation . When it states that the powers of proclamation will consultation , in the spirit of negotiation be exercised in close does this mean with the agreement of the territory concerned ? A.3 .

Support by the of land to all

authorities

to

promote the

accessibility

white The paper states that more than the mere removal of restrictions is necessary to make land rights accessible to all . availability The of supporting measures to everyone equally is A3.1 ) . necessary ( p12 , para . The State has a variety of including assistance projects , and assistance with urban rural settlement , housing , agriculture and infrastructure ( p 12 , para A3.2 ) . Undeveloped areas and socio - economic upliftment will have to be examined thoroughly ( p.13 , para A3.4 ) .

Does

this mean that

existing levels of assistance in the RSA will be extended to the self - governing territories ? Will this be done through bodies based in the RSA , or through the various development

164

corporations in the self- governing territories ? the Will same level of funding be available to the self - governing territories to enable them to provide the same amount of financial assistance to those who require

B.

it ?

PROMOTION OF THE QUALITY AND

INTEGRITY

OF RIGHTS

TO

LAND

white The paper states that the government commits itself to the policy standpoints that the present racially based land tenure systems and registration should be rationalised with a view to uniformity and elimination of inferior forms of title . The on capacity to acquire property should be conferred tribal recognised , communities , traditional tribal tenure should be and tribal communities that chose to should be enabled to convert this system to

individual

tenure

(p

14 ) .

These policies will cause disruption unless orderly manner , without prejudicing an

they are implemented in existing rights and

expectations .

The white paper also states that the integrity of land rights and and appropriate private community interests must be protected by measures

(p

14 ) .

policy This will not succeed if these measures protecting privileged positions gained as a advantages in the past .

are perceived as of result racial

B.2 .

tenure

Rationalisation of racially based land registration systems

land

rights

and

The land created white paper observes that there are statutorily leasehold , applying in Black areas such as 99 - year rights tenure and a variety of forms of permission to deeds of grant , quitrent , to of rights The rationalis Occupy para B2.1 ) . ( pp 14-15 , ation systems should now be tackled registrati land and the concomitan on t 15 , para (p also in the self - governing territorie in earnest , s B. 24 ) . That these rights were instituted to provide an affordable system for persons with a low income will registrati alternativ on e and upgrading . have to be taken into account in the rationalis at n sophio systems to allocate land according to less need A isticated be ac fu i will These allocation still exists . ture companied by a s para 16 , (P built mechanism for upgrading to full ownership in B.2.5 ) . Does will

Occupy mean that the deeds of grant and permissions to this territories Will the self - governing be continue to exist ?

to continue granting rights , under deed of grant or permission able What effect will there be on the territories to occupy in future ? present powers over land matters ? The

white

paper

states that a Land Tenure Rights will Bill be introduced for providing the transfer of all registration land offices under the control of the governments of the self - governing territories to the Department of Public Works and Land Affairs and (p 16 , the placing of those offices under the registrar of deeds para B2.6 ( a ) ) . Does this mean that the Ulundi registration office immediately ? Will this happen be closed down ? Will will the Ulundi , but office continue to function at Ulundi registration under the control

of the

registrar of deeds ?

165

The for

white paper states that the Land Tenure Rights Bill provides registration the of lower order land tenure rights by the

registrar of deeds

(p

16 ,

para

B.2.6 ( b ) ) .

KwaZulu Does this mean that deed of grant rights in townships in Pietermaritzburg ? registry registered in the deeds will be at costs Will the higher registration Will this happen immediately? of the deeds registry be reduced ? The Land Tenure Rights Bill will provide for the withdrawal of the powers of the self- governing territories in respect of land survey on of deeds , and the conferring of powers and registration the registrar of deeds and survey - general to apply the Deeds Registries Act and the Land Survey Act in the self- governing territories (p 16 ,

para

Will

the

fall away

B.2.6 ( c )

and

(d) ) .

" territories " immediately ,

powers

on deeds

or only at

registration

the time

of a

and

surveys later proclamation?

provides Bill land for the upgrading of lower order tenure The in so to full ownership rights far as the requirements for registration of ownership can be complied with , procedure for the upgrading of rights ( p 17 ,

and an inexpensive B.2.6 ( e ) para and

( f) ) .

converted this mean that these rights of land tenure will be Does automatically full ownership , exist or will they continue to to become What will until the holder of the right wants to convert ? It is of Proclamation R293 of 1962 and Proclamation R188 of 1969 ? not possible

properly without the

to comment

Bill .

apply The white paper states that the Bill will not automatically by President State The territories . the self-governing in selfdeclare its provisions applicable to the will proclamation duly been have their governments after territories , governing consulted

(p

16 ,

para

B.2.7 ) .

Does must

this mean that the government of the self - governing territory before agree the Bill is made Will applicable ? the governments of the territories be consulted on the content of the Bill and have a chance

to make

an input

regarding

its

content ?

leading The white paper states that the State will have to play a around the role in providing financial and other support to get tenure land problems complicating the upgrading of lower order rights to

full

ownership

Will the self - governing other areas?

( p 17 ,

para

territories

B2.8 ) . receive

the

same

priority

as

The white paper states where the State , including the SADT , is the owner of the land , no compensatory payments will be required of the holder of an inferior right of tenure for the transfer of ownership to them (p 18 , para B2.9 ) .

KwaZulu , In businesses have Occupy been given to permission portions of tribal land under differing conditions . At Sodwana Bay a developer has built chalets on land held under to permission occupy . The land is in a tribal authority area , and a percentage

166

of profits is paid for the use of that land . If no compensation is required , will this developer become the owner without charge ? This will cause great concern and economic loss .

J Other towns .

of Chain Store owners also have shops in a number KwaZulu Will these companies also acquire the land without payment ?

B.

The tribal

land

system

paper states that land belonging to the SADT or the The white governments of the self - governing territories have been allocated to tribal communities and is occupied and used by members of the tribe in accordance with the traditional communal system of land tenure (p 18 , para B3.1 ) . Tribal lands are an important consideration that cannot be ignored . The RSA government believes that these B3.2 ) .

systems must

not be

interfered with at this

stage

(p

18 ,

I am in complete agreement that the government should not interfere with traditional land tenure systems in tribal areas against the wish of the tribe . If these systems are upset it will lead to great unhappiness

and

instability .

in white paper states that ownership of tribal land is vested The SADT or the the tribe or with with for a minister trust the the allocated of a self - governing territory which has government of a tribe in terms of an administrative measure (p 19 , land para B3.4 ) . The RSA government has decided that land held in trust for these communities or which has been or may be allocated to tribal

communities by the SADT should be ownership ( p 19 , para B3.4 ) .

transferred to the

tribes

in

full

Does this mean that the government has decided that land vested in the to the government of a territory should also be transferred tribes ?

The

white

paper

states

that

ownership

will

give

the

tribes

unfettered rights of disposal . To safeguard individual members of tribe , the the Land Tenure Bill prohibits the tribe from selling its land for the first 10 years after the land is transferred to the tribe ,

unless

it

obtains

a court

order

(p

19 ,

para

B3.4 ) .

Does this mean that there can be no transfers in the first 10 years without court tribe a order even if no member of the will be prejudiced by the transfer ? Does this preclude individual members of the tribe acquiring ownership of portions of this land in the 10 first to years without a court order? Will a tribe be able 10 develop townships and transfer lots to individuals in the first without years order? court a Will a tribe be able to give ownership to persons other than members of the tribe ? Why will the prohibition last for 10 years ? to exist after 10 years .

If that

is the protection ,

it

ceases

will land states that the ordinary laws of the paper white The ies They . communit tribal by tion land th of to the acquisi apply ion if only occupat that communal be able to acquire land for will ) . B3.7 ent para , (p 20 land has been earmarked for township developm

167

B4.3

Management

of the

established

urban environment

The

white paper states that the changes that will come about after the abolition of the statutory territorial separation of population groups will necessitate fundamental adjustments to the system of local

government

B4.3 The

( pp

23-24 ,

par B4.3.2 ) .

Management

of the

established urban environment

white paper states that the changes

that will

come

about after

the abolition of the statutory territorial separation of population necessitate fundamental adjustments to the system groups of will local

government

( pp 23-24 ,

para

B4.3.2 ) .

this local Does mean that the government will involve itself in KwaZulu's government matters in KwaZulu ? How will this affect powers in relation to local government ? How will it affect the the KwaZulu and Natal Joint Services Act , or Joint Executive Authority

for KwaZulu and Natal Act ?

B4.4 .

Maintenance

of acceptable

norms and

standards

The white paper states that the government commits itself to the promotion of realistic norms and standards that are affordable . The National Building Regulations set minimum standards that can be upgraded as communities become more prosperous ( p 25 , para B4.4.3 ) . The National it intended

Building regulations are not applied in that the National Building Regulations

applicable in KwaZulu ? Should these in traditional tribal areas ?

regulations

The white paper states that the housing shortage very significant degree ( p 25 , para B4.4.6 ) .

Will the KwaZulu? C.

government

give help to ease the

KwaZulu . Is should become

apply to dwellings

must be

housing

eased

to

shortage

a

in

USE OF LAND AS A NATIONAL ASSET OF THE WHOLE POPULATION

in South The white paper states that to regulate the use of land country , advantage people Africa to the of all of this the adoits government the policies that the commercial production capacity and of agricultural land should be maintained further developed within the framework of free enterprise and open access to private ownership , that the economic and human potential of areas that have lagged behind be promoted through intensified and more purposeful co - ordinated action , that in the use of urban land high priority be given to making land available to accommodate the urbanisation process , and that the conservation and preservation of land for future generations be borne in mind ( p 28 , para C1.4 ) . These these

policies are welcomed . policies can be applied

KwaZulu ,

C2 .

for one ,

is

Commercial

short

It is in the

not clear the extent to which self-governing territories .

of land .

agricultural

land

The white paper states that the government is committed to private of Ownership agricultural land , recognises the continuance of

168

tenure

communal

form of tenure

of land but does

( p 30 ,

para

not

favour the extension of

this

C2.4 ) .

of area preclude farm land from being included in the this This would not mean that the of a tribal authority? jurisdiction be could The land be used for communal occupation . would land in The RSA government has not been and farmed . owned privately ng - governi self into territory farm land incorporated of verning favour self-go authority The tribal included in a tribal authority area . being For may be the only local government machinery available . system in it is desirable that land should be included this reason the area of jurisdiction of such an authority .

Does

The white assistance available para

make paper states that the government intends to measures in terms of the Agricultural Credit to all . The Land Bank will also be open to all ( p

all Act 31 ,

C2.8 . )

Will these funds be made available tin the self-governing territories ? The Departments of Agriculture in the territories are involved in development . How will this proposal affect them? introduced , the A Rural Development Bill will be focusing on and containing developmental needs of subsistence economic areas , certain provisions regarding assistance to novice farmers (p 31 , para C2.9 ) .

It is not clear whether , this Bill will apply and to what extent , in the self- governing territories . It is not possible to comment fully without seeing this Bill . C3 .

Rural development

of The white paper states that realising the production potential subsistence areas depends on a dynamic process of urbanisation to ease the excessive pressure of the population in these areas . Considered efforts will now have to be made to develop those that offer their communities a chance of survival , up to a where a growth can take Will these

concerted

will be

involved

A Rural

Development

place

efforts

in making

(p

para

also be made

these

Advisory

32 ,

C3.2 ) . in KwaZulu?

Which bodies

efforts ?

Board will be

the Rural Development Bill ( p 34. National Development Corporation ,

areas level

established

in terms

of

para C3.7 ) . There will also be a coupled with the rationalisation

of the existing corporate structures at national and regional including such levels active in the field of rural development , development in the self - governing territories . The nucleus of the proposed corporation will be created by drawing on expertise from inter alia the South African Development Trust Corporation , which have 34, will to be phased out on the repeal of the 1936 Act (P para

C3.8 ) .

Will the Rural Development Advisory Board have functions in the Will these territories be represented self-governing territories ? on the Board ? The Bill is called a Rural Development Bill , but the Rural National Development Corporation is not called a National Development Corporation . Will this corporation also deal with Will the rationalisation development other than rural development ?

169

corporate of existing structures active in self-governing the territories development mean the that corporations in these territories will be abolished ? The KwaZulu Finance and Investment Corporation Limited concentrates on industrial development but is also heavily involved in rural commercial agricultural development . The white paper states that the development of the self-governing territories will have to link up existing development with structures , programmes and projects , and will be undertaken in consultation with the governments of self-governing the territories . However a total re - evaluation and rationalisation of existing development actions and structures will have to be Measures undertaken . for assistance and support will have to be rationalised and extended ( p 35 , para C3.9 ) . Will this rationalisation mean that the development corporations of community the territories , the departments of agriculture and no involved will development divisions , longer be in rural development ?

agricultural of possibilities papers states that the white The lement will nt s able tion sett leme of type of suit the crea and sett More than half this land is to be thoroughly investigated . have In these areas already used by tribes and communities or as towns . About there is only a limited potential for small farmer schemes . and farmers black for 254 , been set aside have hectares 000 The government plans to use projects and the balance has been let . feasible . balance where this of 220 000 hectares for settlement But the interests of communities for which this land was originally acquired will be taken into account (p 35 , para C3.10 ) . The Makatini Scheme , were

the Irrigation Pongola administered under As incorporated in KwaZulu . this is all

Flats , to be

potential agricultural land , will this land still be transferred to KwaZulu and if so , how will the Irrigation Scheme be managed? No The Management Structure for this Scheme has yet been designed . Scheme is still managed by SADT as agent for the Department of actively Development Aid . That Department has involved local Amakhosi in the allocation of irrigation plots and has created expectations that the irrigation scheme will be incorporated into the various Tribal areas across which the scheme extends . Does in this that the interest of tribes will be given priority the use of land for small farmer schemes , even though the land is actually not incorporated into any particular tribal area > Or will the

C4 . The

scheme be

thrown open to all

comers ?

Urban development

white

urbanisation

paper

states

strategy should

rural towns offer

(p

37 ,

Will

this urbanisation territories ?

para

government

the

that also

focus

considers

on the possibilities

an that

C4.3 ) .

strategy

apply

also

in

the

self-governing

introduce The Physical Planning Bill that the government plans. to before parliament this year is an instrument for promoting the orderly and co-ordinated physical development of the country in a national ,

regional

and

urban context

(p

37 ,

para

C4.5 ) .

170

Will this

Bill

apply

also to the

self - governing

territories ?

provision of white paper states that the timely and orderly The for for urbanisation is dependent on an effective instrument land township establishment and the expansion regulating town planning , There are various sets of legislation in the provinces , of towns . black urban the and territories , land SADT self - governing The government considers that this multiplicity residential areas . para 38 , (P must be rationalised into a single system laws of owing to the complex and C4.6 ) . This cannot be done immediately, interim an As of establishing such a system . nature technical of formal systems less for made be must provision measure settlement and township establishment , so as not to create a vacuum for making the abolition of existing racially based systems after Legislation entitled land available and for township developments . Less Formal Settlement and Township Establishment Bill will be the urban Provision is made in this Bill for less formal introduced . the in and places the at establishment township and settlement circumstances

determined by the Administrator

It is not clear if this governing territories .

Bill will Or will

(p

38 ,

para C4.7 ) .

apply immediately in the later , it apply only

selfafter

consultation and the issue of a proclamation? Will this Bill apply places at in KwaZulu determined by the Administrator of Natal ? Must the provisions in the Joint Executive Authority for KwaZulu and Natal Act first be applied ? Will the territories have a chance to comment on the content of this Bill ? Will the Bill allow people to hold property in informal towns in terms of permission to occupy? The KwaZulu Government wants permissions to Occupy to continue for informal towns . The KwaZulu Legislative Assembly has passed a Land Affairs Bill that makes provision for private Ownership land , of the upgrading of other tenures to full ownership , township and establishment the protection of the traditional land system . How will the proposals in the white paper affect this KwaZulu Bill ? The white paper states that the State also of loans for the erection of dwellings ( p

assists in the provision para 39 , C4.8 ) . The

government is aware of the difficulties that beset the provision of Íand and funds for housing to low income groups . The South African Housing Advisory Board has been asked for advice on a new national housing policy . This policy will provide for the adaptation and assistance programmes rationalisation of existing and service structures to ensure that they are geared to rapid urbanisation and accumulated urbanisation needs (p 39 , para C4.9 ) . Will this policy include the self - governing territories ? How will this rationalisation of existing assistance programmes affect the development corporations in the territories ? The KwaZulu Finance and Investment Corporation makes loans to people on the security of to permissions Occupy . an How will the territories have opportunity to make an input to the South African Housing Advisory Board?

C5 .

Conservation

and

protection

of

the

environment

and

resources The grave white paper states that pollution and soil erosion have for the country ( p 49 , implications para C5.1 ) . The Government investigate has and make instructed the President's Council to

171

regarding on recommendations a policy a National Environment Management new the light of the changing and System in the circumstances in South Africa and the need for better co - ordination of actions taken by the authorities (p 41 , para C5.5 ) . these Will recommendations include a policy on environmental management in the self- governing territories ? How will it affect the functions of the self- governing territories in relation to and soil erosion , agriculture and the KwaZulu Bureau of Natural Resources ?

In everything we do about land reform we believe , must , I be terribly conscious that we are dealing with rock and earth and mountains and plains and not with things that can be stretched and abused and treated as yet more of modern life that disposable is like so much in the consumer world is becoming disposable .

land The we have is finite , it is fixed and its content is very land vulnerable . Every act of land reform must be an act of policy paper conservation . I believe the environmental that Freedom conference Inkatha Party adopted at its December should also be adopted by KwaZulu .

The paper our with

was drawn up by environmental experts in consultation core own Bureau of Natural Resources and a represents

statement which we as the

KwaZulu Government

should adopt .

are There going to be very burning issues to be considered in conflicts between developmental planning and conservation ideals . guideline We should prepare for those conflicts . We must have which help astute documents our political decision - makers in judgements of what must be done in land reform , and what must be stimulate what kind of development in areas . done to what The whole of Europe blundered into the industrial damage in places to the environment .

age

doing

irreparable

Vote I will be making a more detailed statement in my Budget as Minister of Economic Affairs when I deal with the Bureau of Natural Resources as Minister of Economic Affairs . All I am doing right now is saying that politically land reform issues must be considered within the context of environmental factors as well as people

factors ,

historic

factors

and developmental

factors .

The land issue and the many problems which will have to dealt be with in it will take a considerable amount of time and energy and now any final land reform formulation and land policy is probably quite out of sight . however , We do , need to have a focus on our KwaZulu approach to the land issue and for this purpose I think we must have a KwaZulu Government Manifesto on Land Reform .

172

THE

KWAZULU GOVERNMENT

1991 MANIFESTO SERIES

:

NO .

6

MANIFESTO ON THE EVOLUTION OF LAND REFORM POLICIES

The KwaZulu Government calls for immediate steps to be taken by the South African Government which do now what can be done now to bring participants about the land reform which the vast majority of in These are : the politics of negotiation approve .

1.

the

immediate

scrapping

of the

1913

and

1936

Land

purging all legislation of racist restrictions the ownership and occupancy of land .

2.

to seek an all - Party to be taken to : make

land more

accord on as many of the

accessible

to

Acts

in the use

steps

that

and of

need

all ;

make land ownership more secure by introducing reform and conformity in land registration for private ownership ;

make

divisions between government

owned

land and

communal

tribal

ensure that the productivity resource is maximised ;

privately

land ,

held

land

equitable ;

of the

land

as

a

national

THE KWAZULU GOVERNMENT UNDERTAKES TO INVOKE ITS OWN LAND COMMISSION IN PREPARATION FOR KWAZULU'S INVOLVEMENT IN THE POLITICS OF NEGOTIATION WHICH WILL : 1.

ascertain holding

2.

the

consult

the Amakhosi

seek an towards

be

communal

land

in rural

ideal passage through time in an Tribal Authorities duly giving

and

KwaZulu

instances

land

evolutionary registered

tenure

move and

of land ;

Government in consultation with the South African land and political Parties how best to ensure the adequacy of allocation to tribal communities so that rural people whom the viable develop central cash economy cannot accommodate can subsistance economies with the potential of producing determine

surpluses 5.

of tribal

of KwaZulu and authorities

affected by changes

negotiable ownership

4.

requirements

systems ;

which will systems ;

3.

essential

for marketing ;

determine the principles under which much of the present State ownership held land could be divested from government and control .

173

Mr.

Speaker , Honourable Members , while we in this House and in the and KwaZulu Government grapple with these kind of national issues issues relating to the very centre of South African politics , we Take with a vast range have to grapple of distractions . our to position on economic development and education . We are going help establish an enterprise - driven economy in which there will be more the most rapid possible redistribution of wealth by creating wealth for distribution and ensuring that Blacks who produce that more wealth have a fair share of it as well as their fair share of the wealth of the

country they have already produced .

We are going to have to grapple with the whole question of economic development development the whole question of political and and economic development . We are going to do major battle with forces of destruction and disruption which will want to seek to establish a Socialist economy simply because in the attempt to do So, they can make more street - corner fanfare and drum up more emotions and be more successful in rabble - rousing .

We face the obstacles of the terrible disruption to Black education and the misleading of our youth as we grapple with these things of national

and

international

importance .

We will yet live to see the extent to which the radical call for " Liberation now : Education later " and the destructive endeavours of young comrades who burn schools down , burn government property down We will yet and destroy and loot , have acted to damage the future . live to see the terrible consequences which are going to flow from to those who misled youth into believing that they have a right bully their parents

and a

right

to bully the

older generation .

disruptive these all in seen somewhat of a shift now We have The political same . there but the disruption is still tactics which and movement boycott school the produce which forces d feed the whole educational system to disrupt to more attempted politics the into the armed struggle and into of fodder cannon violence ,

are

there

now beginning to work amongst

teachers .

I have been warned that the return to school campaign will in large measure turn out to be a political ploy to get our youth back into schools so that there are concentrations of youth amongst whom There is going to be , I political propaganda work can take place . very believe , a much more concerted effort to bring teachers in So action line that teachers and youth can be deployed in mass programmes when the ANC wants to go

We

have

been

served

in for disruption politics .

notice with the

open letter

to

the

State

President of the extent to which I have been right when I have said in the past that if ever we allow a negotiation situation to evolve ANC which the Government sits on one side of the table and the in there is or there is else nobody and table the of on the other side as

a back - up to

one

or the

other ,

we will

never see

democracy .

174

thump the negotiations of out table whenever it does not get its way and walk raise mayhem and take another step towards making South to Africa ungovernable by mass action programmes . I

have warned that

in these

circumstances the ANC will

If that is a back - up strategy which the ANC is going to then we can anticipate that they are going to continue schools

in a state

All

this

The

ANC

So

is

of preparedness

for disruptive

keep using , keeping our

politics .

unutterably

tragic . just There is no real that perception amongst ANC thinkers who plan these kind of things they are actually creating a rod with which history will thrash the ANC itself .

has been primarily responsible

young comrade courts . It brutalisation destroyers

for the

establishment

of

groups , defence units and what they call alternative been the is ANC which has responsible for the young children and for turning them of into the

of the

older generation .

I understand that we are already beginning to see that the ANC has League . Youth grave difficulties in recruiting youth to the ANC Once you have established wanton behaviour as something which is open to groups of young students , you can expect the emergence thuggery which is a no respector of persons or organisations will actually spurn the

organisation that

spawned

of a and

them .

It is because I have these kind of concerns about Black education delegation that I was so affronted when the ANC usurped the that went to see the State President with education demands .

The meeting was not developed as an ANC venture . It was initiated as action by educationists themselves . University principals ,

at lecturers and educationists got together and began looking education issues . When eventually they had formulated their document for presentation to the State President , Dr. Mandela was included

in the

delegation to the

State

President .

Then suddenly it was billed as an ANC Mandela - led Education Crisis Committee which had gone to the State President discuss to a memorandum with him . There is an urgent need for educationists to act as educationists . Education in the future will not be what it

has been in the past . To usurp the right of educationists to deal in educational matters at the national level can only do irreparable harm to the future of education . As I see it , the fragmentation of the State , the breaking up of the monolithic nature of the South African State and the whole process levels of devolution and restructuring first and second tier of people , the government to make them more directly responsible to will necessitate regional and many other things .

departments

of education ,

health ,

police

175

Educational issues will be the same whatever political structure we have and these issues must be pursued outside a Party political framework in which moves are being made to restructure the State itself . Education , health , welfare and religion should be quite outside Party political manipulation for Party political gain . They are not Party political things . Party politics should be kept out Parties should exist only to further education , of them . to further health and to further welfare .

growth economic are there to produce the best Parties Political the and they are there to produce that can be produced , formulae work fit between political systems and economic systems that best When politics turns and produce the wealth that the nation needs . to gain or to use religion or to use education , use health , to Party politically , then South Africa will suffer .

Quite very

clearly there is a lot that is going to be redressed short space of time in the whole field of education .

in a It is

totally intolerable that we have thousands of white teachers being retrenched and white schools being vacated because there are not while black teachers have hideously high enough pupils for them , in teacher/pupil ratios and even have to teach in double sessions schools .

There must be rationalisation and educationists themselves must be telling of drawn into politicians what the best form rationalisation is .

That which will be the best that we can do about education after liberation will be marred and flawed because Black politics is now as political arena . still using education a Right now the politicisation of black teachers is taking place and the intention is to use them in ANC Party politics . This and the continued COSAS for attitude towards educational authorities does not augur well education in 1991 .

It is my message to the young black people of today that they must They now fully realise that South Africa will be liberated . must fully realise that apartheid is already totally doomed . They must fully realise that the world is going to be there for them to live out their lives in the freedom in which only they will be finally responsible

for how far they get

in life .

the of There will be no statutory limitations on the development potential of our young generation . There will be no racist be no on restrictions what can and cannot be done . There will selfrestriction on the freedom of opportunity and the freedom of development .

Unless the youth now in school put everything else aside now while they are in school to concentrate on education and to concentrate

176

on preparing themselves to take full advantage of their freedom and equality in the future , their freedom and their equality before the law and the constitution will be quite meaningless to them.

greatest Honourable Members , Speaker , I have always had the really I respect for South Africa's black peasants and workers . backs bent and with those who have gnarled hands home at feel no have I living . a for have laboured they because class consciousness my being but I must say that unless Black in South upper and middle country's our for recruits produces Africa Blacks will have to classes , be we will face a terrible future . qualified properly will have to be and competitive openly to Mr.

succeed in the future .

market

competitive

THE 1991

which

is

going to be there

in the

KWAZULU GOVERNMENT

MANIFESTO SERIES

:

NO .

7

MANIFESTO ON EDUCATION

Education national

should priorities

be

raised

to one

because without

of

South

Africa's

highest

education :

1.

victories will be made meaningless for people political cannot be drawn into the central cash economy ;

2.

the

only form of workable

redistributions

of wealth

who

through

creating substantially more wealth and increasing the rate of wealth production to keep ahead of both inflation and increased population ,

3.

leadership the strata manpower depleted of politics

4.

will

not

take

place ;

South African society of will be country's the sufficient to manage

and economics ;

the tackling of the huge backlogs there are in the provision housing , of health and welfare will not be tackled because governments of the future will not have the increased wealth to do so .

THE KWAZULU GOVERNMENT THEREFORE CALLS FOR AN ALL- PARTY CONFERENCE THE WITH THE SOUTH AFRICAN GOVERNMENT TO ESTABLISH CONSENSUS ON NEED TO : 1.

do everything in its youth the injunction : do everything in its

power to eradicate from the minds of " Liberation now : Education later " and power to implant in the minds of youth

" Education now for Liberation Soon and Equality of Opportunity Forever" ;

2.

do the

everything in its power to have uninterrupted education critical years that lie ahead when South Africa should

in be

preparing for the massive national endeavour that will have to be made to go on to conquer poverty , ignorance and disease after the

elimination of apartheid ;

177

3.

active steps to get the youth of South Africa to take value educational facilities now available while they struggle the improve to with their parents and the adult generation education through firm negotiation and

4.

constructive

action ;

mount

a serious endeavour to make immediate improvements in facilities schooling by a massive joint effort parents , by communities , the private sector and the public sector pooling efforts and resources needed for the building and functioning of additional schools and teacher training colleges . AND

Calls for the immediate relaxation of race restricted schools and the immediate use of retrenched white teachers and abandoned white schools for race - free education .

Mr.

Speaker ,

Honourable

Members ,

while

we

deal

with

these

critically important issues which will make or break a democracy in the future , we still even now in this year of historic promise havc to deal with destructive and retarding pressures from without South Africa .

If ever there was a time for reason to prevail in the international is now . community , it I fear that what we are really facing in international reaction to current circumstances in South Africa is created by an international community with sets and divides international and between

power struggles between nations and blocks of nations which the First World and the Third World are all-

consuming .

There is an African block at the United Nations which mobilises an African voice . There are First World/ Third World divisions at the United Nations and there are Communist and non- Communist divisions .

in All these divisions are represented in one way or another lobbies in Western democracies . On both sides of every division are the causes , the pressure groups , there the lobbyists and the activity

of

government ,

agencies which generate the Nations fairly hung .

semi -government international

agencies

and

steam to keep the

private United

Apartheid has provided these international lobbyists with sticks with which to beat each other . The Third World has beaten the First World with the apartheid stick . Capitalist countries have beaten Communist countries with the apartheid stick . Communist countries have beaten Capitalist countries with the apartheid stick . Labour lobbyists have beaten free enterprise with the apartheid stick . Church groups the apartheid stick .

have

beaten many a government with

178

In all of this vast network of international conflict and intrigue , the anti - apartheid movement rose to find fertile ground wherever it In fact it became , as I have said before , a growth industry . went .

Now

of governments ,

suddenly a host

semi -government

agencies

and

beating private organisations are asked to throw away one of their Some of them have done so graciously but I am afraid that sticks . The Anti - Apartheid Movement and the pro - ANC some of them have not . lobbyists

have

just

have not done

They

not done

so because they cannot

of existence

and their

It

me

for

is

a

so .

lobbyist

existence

matter of head - shaking

going

do so without is

all they have .

sadness

that the

ANC

continued to attempt to capitalise on what really amounts to whom few can challenge because abroad activity lobbyist against

out

has

futile is it

apartheid .

must that is screaming out from South Africa The ANC sanctions remain in place and it is screaming out from South Africa that the It is continue . South Africa must international isolation of urging the lobbyist South Africa .

in the world to

continue

their vendetta against

who of course one understands this because it is these lobbyists have levered off chunks of wealth from capitalist economies on South which the ANC has fed in exile and now wishes to bring into Africa

as

imported political

If there was

ever any

real

sustenance .

indictment

of the ANC

of

its

claim

that

it is the sole representative of all Black South Africa and all the oppressed and down - trodden , it is that it would not even survive as an organisation for a couple of months if it was not fed with the machinery and the manpower millions to give it the mechanisms , and the means to propagate

its

own self- importance .

I perhaps would not have said this two or three weeks ago out track . concern for the need to keep the IFP/ ANC peace cause on

of I

do have to say this precisely because it is the most effective and necessary way to do so . Without the IFP emerging with honour from the hideous attack on it in the ANC's Open Letter to the State President , there will be no partnership between the ANC and the IFP bring about peace . to The ANC cannot go around dragging the IFP its call the about as a piece of dirty cloth in wake and relationship the between the IFP and the ANC a partnership in pursuit

of peace .

The ANC has said that the IFP is a nothing and is achieving only false status as one of the three major players in the politics of negotiation because the IFP and the Government combine forces with the South African Police and the South African Defence Force to maraude , to rampage and to kill in Black townships to establish Inkatha Freedom Party branches .

179

Everywhere

in

the world the ANC has propagated this image IFP for many years now . It must now stop . The ANC must be told that it must now stop and the ANC must be bluntly told must now stop seeking millions from abroad by posing as the and of South Africa in the face of a villainous de Klerk

of the bluntly that it saviour myself

conniving to use hideous means to reduce the importance of the ANC . The ANC must now condemn the international lobbyist who paint the me , the pictures of IFP and the KwaZulu Government that they painted

in their Open Letter to the State

President .

When I visited London in November last year and was at the Savoy Hotel , Movement there were demonstrations by the Anti -Apartheid claim which to work in tandem with the ANC . They were demonstrating ANC on behalf of the ANC . It was on behalf of the that

their placards

called me

" Butcher - lezi " .

- this It is an international hideous personality phenomena IFP . assassination and vendetta against myself and against the there were was in Toronto last year , When I demonstrations and blood was actually splashed on the Country Club building where I was due to speak .

Unfortunately I just have to go out to the world politically filthy by the ANC's lobbyists abroad .

made that is This kind of

ANC tactic and this kind of ANC approach to relationships between the ANC and the IFP of course dates way back into the years of Dr a Nelson Mandela's incarceration . He has come out of jail with whole ANC history of this kind of thing and I presume that if the go ANC youth would have throttled him simply because he wanted to would with they me to bring about peace in Pietermaritzburg , do worse to him if he put his decent foot down and said no to this foul

type

indictment

of myself abroad .

To me it is terribly sad that he actually presided over the ANC NEC Letter Open meeting on Friday the 5th April at which the was drafted to the State President . stamp The whole of South Africa is now waiting for that final of alone working Mandela -morality which can turn the ANC into a the partner for democracy , both at the negotiating table and with IFP .

to defend It is against this kind of malignment that I have had honour in South Africa and I have had to assure the world that the ideals that has kept great traditional liberal values the of democracy alive , are not lost in South Africa .

Mr. Speaker , Honourable Members , I think it is important that South Africa understands that the lobbyist work that I and others do abroad has not been obliterated by the ANC campaign to discredit abroad everything and anybody and any organisation which ventures without ANC patronage .

180

the decency It is in South Africa to conveyed here and abroad , lobbyists that gave leaders like Thatcher the energy and the determination to fight is decent .

Her the

the world by Mrs. Margaret for that which

to resigning from the premiership in Great Britain was a blow real struggle for liberation in our country which mobilised

people to oppose apartheid where apartheid had to be opposed homes of the country , in the streets of the country , the in workshops

of the

country and

in the market

places

of the

-

in the

country .

I was terribly therefore pleased to that hear the British Government under Mr. John Major has decided to fund Mrs. Thatcher for an international role . I am looking forward to her trip to South Africa because she has a very real contribution make to towards

securing

the

final

emergence

of democracy

in our country .

Mr. Speaker , Honourable Members , I would like to place on record my tribute to Mrs. Thatcher when she relinquished office . I wrote to her then as follows :

The Rt Hon Margaret Thatcher PC Prime Minister of Great Britain

25th November

1990

10 Downing Street London SW1 United Kingdom

Dear Madam Prime Minister ,

Prime Minister , How , Madam can one such as I say anything better have not said so eloquently about your premiership which others which Would that is so remarkable by all historic standards . I had in the elegance to outstrip all your praises in the truth and century the meaning that you have given to all that the 20th has come to mean to mankind . stood laboured to produce the things you century has This for . We have the globe there have been abysmal failures . Across seen We have seen a vast capacity of mankind to change two World Wars . the and colonialism , neo-colonialism and mind about heart its good turn capacity to without the justice international meaning of intention into accomplished deed . We had the historic significance of the change from the League of Nations hours to the United Nations . We had the millions of man worked at the United Nations and all its agencies . We had the vast millions spent by UNESCO and by the ILO and all the other United We had Nations ' agencies . the groping for the kind of new internationalism in which morality would dominate .

All

this

and

couragousely

so much more to

fight

a

and yet at the

end of it

all

you

Falklands War and you had courageously

had

to

181

claim

your stake Conferences .

to

political

righteousness

at

Commonwealth

the In all this hoping and daring but failing world it was you in end who took the Conservative Party and taught it what government was all about - focussing pragmatically on what must be done within the scope of what could be done . I

am

sure ,

quite

Madam

Prime Minister ,

that

I

reflect

very

say inadequately so much of what so many people are saying when I your that in all my discussions with you with that glance out of eyes , that turn of your head , with you had the capacity to grasp around . Your that which the world's intellectuals fumbled political insights into man in creation made you see penetrating the heart of the South African problem , just as you penetrated the to heart of the international problem and saw mankind's propensity under-achieve in what could be done in such circumstances . You saw , Madam , that we could achieve peace in South Africa through negotiations before the terms perestroika and glasnost hit the public vocabulary . You knew that we in South Africa could achieve regeneration , just as you knew that you could do so in Great Britain .

Historians will go on record saying that it was you , Minister , who gave Britain the stature all history

Madam Prime she demanded

have in this world of turmoil and floundering about the real values of life . There are Mankind lives by many mythological charters . facts , There are myths and truths about St. Francis of Assissi . cloister , facts and myths in about the meaning of dedication monastery and in prison where true martyrs showed the world the quality of character that God intended for all mankind . You , Madam Prime Minister , lived out work , concern , dedication , commitment and tireless toil for others which all the Saints and all the martyrs were reputed to have . Extravagant praise ? The answer is irrelevant . The answer is that is what you inspire in the thoughts of people . The answer is your life justifies

the high praise .

My I do not know what is finally going to happen to South Africa . own fate and the fate of so many around me is the mystery the seers cannot even foretell . Whether it is life or death , or whether it is joy and fulfillment , or whether it is the living out of a life of agony as a consequence of failure , is yet to be unveiled for me . Whatever it is , you will stand at the head of those who kept me brave when the

going got

really tough .

One will that mankind tragedies of the Downing departure Street 10 No. from

sustain on your now no is there is that

Shakespeare in modern Britain to write the drama of British society this closing time of your superb reign as the Prime Minister of at the moment for Britain and the world . You are Prime Minister tonight ,

Madam , as I write . Your stature dictates that the process around you is shamed as your successor is sought . I am proud of you , Madam , as millions of others are .

In

all

the

resigning ,

depth

of British

Madam Prime Minister .

tradition , What

is

in correct were you right for one cannot be

182

for What is right for Britain tragically is wrong right for all . South lament as I write that I will now not have I Africa . the South of welcoming you as a British Prime Minister in opportunity in be Africa come to take hold of what the British in - put should this country .

Dare I , rising

in all the drama of your moment high above all around you , So

of triumph ask a last

in resigning and favour of your

premiership ? Dare I ask that you make some time to cause it to be your all written other final things amongst the request that whoever attempts to stand where you stood , consult more with people and Mr. like me F.W. de Klerk than with the wizard bosses of opinion polls and the grand interpreters of international opinion discharge when it comes to what Britain should do to Britain's South responsibility in helping finalise the African historic situation . if in your Madam Prime Minister , to you courtsey the world which

would be tragic , It eloquent political

grand and made your

resignation to be , meant the end of what you stood for with regard the to South Africa . You ensured that the greatest benefit of legacies greatest Britain continued to be bequeathed to South Africa . It was you who made right Britain's past association with Don't , South Africa . Madam , allow the British legacy to be lost British will be no grand because there now caretaker of the conscience of the past . need your successor , We Madam , stand on South Africa for all to You see , in premiership . this .

the How

his

to boldly post your stand as see .

end we are going to rely you on after many around the world like me cry out for

your just

inadequacy the put down my pen now in an overwhelming sense of I singing as such situations to which God bequeathed me to rise with your praises eloquently enough .

Madam , Go with God , be strong and enjoy the owes you . It was a privilege to know you as friend . With

all

my

good wishes to you ,

rewards your

life

Prime Minister and

Madam Prime

Minister ,

now a

to

Mr.

Thatcher and your children .

I have the honour to Yours most

remain ,

Madam ,

sincerely

MANGOSUTHU G.

BUTHELEZI

Speaker , Mr. Honourable Members , Thatcher resigned only Mrs. matter of some days after I was in London in November when I

a

received by her at No. 10 Downing Street and had a long discussion I her . with I think it is important for this House to know what said to her then because when she comes to South Africa , it will be

183

against will do

the background so .

of this

When I saw Mrs. Thatcher addressed her as follows :

last

that

discussion with her

in London the

15th

November

1990

she

I

MEMORANDUM FOR PRESENTATION AT A MEETING WITH MRS MARGARET THATCHER BUTHELEZI , CHIEF MINISTER OF KWAZULU BY MANGOSUTHU AND PRESIDENT INKATHA FREEDOM PARTY LONDON .

15TH NOVEMBER 1990

Prime Minister , I really do appreciate this opportunity of In saying so, briefing you on the South African situation . I do Mandela made when he told not make the kind of faux pas which Dr. the President of the United States that he was uninformed on South Africa .

Madam

going to attempt to brief you in Madam Prime Minister , am not , I Africa . the sense of telling you what is happening in South You have your own You have a very able diplomat in Sir Robin Renwick . intelligence the had it was only recently that you and sources opportunity of being

fully briefed by President

de

Klerk .

Madam , I hope , to brief you in the sense of giving you an Inkatha perspective on things that Inkatha Freedom Party regards as vitally The in important . IFP is undergoing a very interesting change which the whole Party is becoming revitalised and benefiting from a resurgence of interest in the Party . The Party itself has been an upsurge of enthusiasm for political battles to come and the demand for mobilisation work which we just

cannot

keep up with .

to continue regard the development of a national to will We establish a democracy and make it work as our highest priority . do not only deal with policy issues in our thinking and in our dayto - day work . We are intensely aware that people are important and that correct policies will be damned if we do not get a reconciled the South Africa to work with political Parties to put the good of State before the good of the Party .

We

African There is as yet really no sign that the ANC and its South Communist Party counterpart perceives how urgently necessary it is judge to every political action and every political utterance to against the background of whether or not it contributes the reconciliation of races . This is very worrying .

There is undoubtedly a rising White right -wing backlash against what Mr. de Klerk is doing which could become problematic . The militant view of revolutionaries that they must establish first themselves in power by forming a government and then they will have time the and the opportunity to look at issues lesser with priority , could become developments .

a dangerous

stimulant

to

radical

right - wing

184

I have been calling for a hastened negotiation programme because members exiled the time that we are giving the ANC to bring its back to South Africa , to find its feet and to clearly establish is time that we are leadership structure working for negotiations , buying

for right - wing political

development .

It is also time we are buying for the violent radical will take every opportunity given to frustrate the

left which negotiation

process . We are in the invidious position of neither the nor the far left wanting negotiations to succeed .

Thursday On the 1st November I led an Inkatha delegation which met with the State President , Dr.

far right

Party Freedom Gerrit Viljoen

the Minister of Constitutional Development and his Deputy Minister , Mr. Roelf Meyer , and officials to discuss current developments . We ended up establishing a South African Government / Inkatha Freedom Party Work Group to attend to a number of issues which both sides felt should receive attention to increase the prospects of getting negotiations off the ground successfully . In these discussions I urged the State President to now produce a negotiation timetable and add urgency to get

negotiations

off the ground .

of I continue to be concerned because the seductiveness power continues to draw people into the search for power for the sake of which are going to contend with each power . Political Parties other for power positions in the new South Africa , are tending to start their political fight now . In doing so they are tending , as I say , to put the good of the Party before the good of the State . I see no international recognition of the dangers that are inherent in political Parties doing this in our South African situation . There have been no somber warnings against those who put the good There has of the Party before the good of the State . been no international recognition of the very real danger that there is in allallowing politics in South Africa to remain characterised by or-nothing political

struggles

in winner - takes -all

politics .

There has been vociferous condemnation of a great many policies and a very ready censuring of people like myself who have refused to on fall prey to the political propaganda that has been based spreading the notion that there are only last - resort measures that can be taken in South Africa . Now that it is quite clear that we are not in a kind of last - resort situation and that reform was possible in South Africa , one would have hoped for revised thinking of and perceptions that we do not have to carry through the idiom political

adventurism in what we

I was , Madam certainty that

are

doing .

Prime Minister , the very impressed with whole was in your whole demeanour and your

quiet voice

when you recently stated that the British people would not tolerate You stated sterling . any government that got rid of the pound rather simply and directly that you knew what could and could not British people . be done in your own constituencies and among the was not a Party political statement . It was a Head of a State It telling the world what can and cannot be done .

In

similar vein I do not make a Party political statement when I that South Africans - Black and White -- will en masse not say tolerate the introduction of another highly centralised monolithictype government in power . We fear centralised power . Everywhere

185

want people want a greater say in their own affairs and they the deep We in Inkatha Freedom Party have a the devolution of power . of experie the undergo have because nce we ne this for sympathy Buthelezi the successfully finalise to negotiated having constitutional the to work and to bring consensus Commission's how seen We have the KwaZulu/ Natal Indaba . in made proposals reconciliatory devolution of power could be . I am perhaps particularly aware of the need for the devolution of power because there is a very strong demand for it in my own home constituency . We will somehow have to face up to the fact that South Africa is not a homogenous society . We have to evolve thinking which is based on a one -man- one -vote system of government in a democracy in which all are totally equal before the law and the constitution but which goes on to examine the need for minority group protection and for systems of balancing powers and providing the kind of checks and balances which would prevent the kind of ungodly concentration of power in the hands of an Executive State President which we have had now for years .

The whole field of racial reconciliation and the production of a national will to succeed in establishing a democracy within the given needs be context of people concerns in South Africa , to discernible parameters and needs to be placed in the political arena as a current

issue

of some

I am quite sure that we will which is so vital if we just

importance .

only achieve the racial refuse to be drawn into

reconciliation winner- takes-

all political battles and establish South African arenas in which political Parties will have to make compromises until it hurts in order to find a place in the politics of reconciliation . We need to move towards consensus politics as we seek to avoid negotiations as degenerating into a long series of insoluable crises Parties adhere vehemently to their non - negotiables . the There was a sense in which all the reforms ever undertaken by P.W. Mr. National Party going back even to the terms of office of that changes were running behind the Botha , that reforms were establishing were economics Africa and South institutionalised without

any reference to Government wishes .

The

whole of modern South Africa has produced the reforms that Mr. de Klerk is now enacting . That process of stimulating reform from within and even inspite of , South Africa and doing so outside , Party political programmes has not yet

fully run its course .

Mr. de Klerk does govern while we are busy putting the negotiation governing continue process together and I am quite sure he will during the negotiation process . There will be no handing over of Constituent to Assembly . power a any crisis in Government however , necessary , situation in which negotiations could are provide with a wide range of opportunities of shaping us support for the right negotiations . analytically . am making a point that needs to be examined I The he and the more , aparthei dismant in does d Klerk de ling more Mr. be the more support there will does in normalising South Africa , and behind negotiate for a multi - Party democracy who those the has to preserve the best that there is because that best struggle been effectively stripped

of apartheid .

186

The

idiom of negotiations

other negotiating Parties . is going to be important . important focus on

is not

going to be

established

to

save

The faith people have in negotiations Realistic expectations are going to be

and it is going to be important for people to be able to fundamental issues rather than on the immediately felt

effects of apartheid . I see quite clearly that negotiations should not be about the removal of apartheid . It would be dangerous of dismantling by de Klerk to enter into a give - and - take game Mr. apartheid piecemeal , in exchange for a series Government and the National Party . Madam

Prime

Minister ,

of concessions to the

I have been addressing

some

of

the

more

intangible issues in South Africa today and I thank you for bearing with me . You have the kind of statesman's wisdom which will , I am sure , understand my concerns . In expressing my concerns for reconciliation between South Africa's race groups and for the development of a national will to establish a democracy and make it work , I must perforce say something about violence in South Africa today . The present levels of violence are prohibitively widespread in South Africa climate in which negotiations can work .

Wherever is that is

I

go

in the West ,

for the development

I hear people

lamenting

the

of

a

violence

taking place but there are not many who are aware of enormity of the violence problem .

the

If you , Madam Prime Minister , were to place yourself in a imaginery leaders position in which more than a thousand Conservative Party by at local , regional and national level had been murdered the Labour Party , how would you be able to relate to it ? I am in the very invidious position where more than a hundred Inkatha Freedom Party leaders , and thousands of other members , have in fact been murdered in the last couple of years . One of our leaders , Arnold Lombo , was shot in a street in Pietermaritzburg on the 30th October in broad daylight and Lancelot Ntombela was attacked with a hand also in broad daylight , grenade in Greytown , on the 1st November . imagine You can the strong organisational reaction which the Conservative Party would evidence if it were in Inkatha Freedom Party's position .

The continued political violence in South Africa is a real very problem for Inkatha Freedom Party . I am developing grave concerns about the prospects of sitting at the negotiating table with the ANC which is even today recruiting young people , children even , for The military training somewhere in their various African bases . ANC is still infiltrating Umkhonto we Sizwe military activists into South Africa . They are still amassing weapons in hidden arsenals scattered around the country . All this and Mr. Chris Hani , the Chief of Staff of the ANC's army , still talks about the ANC having to seize power of negotiations fail . Astonishingly , Dr. Mandela himself still warns that the ANC might review its commitment to suspend hostilities while become difficult for him .

negotiations

are

in process when

things

international the that time , Madam Prime Minister , not Is it contain They a to these kind of statements ? reacted community democracy to difficult is which future overa for menace the has not believe that the ANC do personally I exaggerate .

187

military power to get anywhere near taking over the South African Government by force . That boast is neither here nor there . What important is that this talk of power, is this idiom of violence , and this final reliance on killing to achieve political purposes is who having a very detrimental effect amongst the radical militants bandied have together in groups to produce the killing and the maiming in the politics of intimidation . I am really now more than impatient with Dr. Mandela for the way in normalising out which he has allowed himself to be kept of One of my colleagues relationships between the ANC and Inkatha . recently added the number of times in which I called for a meeting between Dr. Mandela and myself to sit down together to talk about violence and then to go forth together to curb violence among the people . It was on more than 40 occasions that I made this appeal . I just do not make it any more . It is now up to him to respond . I mention this in passing , Madam Prime Minister , because I want to and comment that because of the violence that is in existence because of the ANC's continuing commitment to prepare for a violent solution South Africa's problems , chances to I do not know what there are of normalising relationships between the ANC and Inkatha Freedom Party .

Although Executive

I

formally informed National by have not been the meeting of the ANC that it is now seeking Committee a

with Inkatha Freedom Party Central Committee , an official ANC press statement has been issued to this effect . I have publicly stated that I have no problems with such a meeting and take should it place . There is , however , the need to think very seriously about doing more than having a perfunctory meeting to of critics that we do so .

satisfy the demands

the Dr. Mandela was overseas when this resolution was adopted by National now Executive Committee of the ANC and I am overseas . When I return I will be very tied up in preparing for the Special General Conference which Inkatha Freedom Party is going to hold on the 7th , 8th and 9th December . The busy timetables of Dr. Mandela and can myself have given us a little bit of time in which we attempt to develop the kind of agenda which will make the proposed meeting more than perfunctory .

the into Party has set up a sub - committee to go Freedom Inkatha will of and be there question whole the agenda for a meeting the on and dialogue the IFP and the ANC on the agenda between format of the meeting . Madam Prime Minister , because I would like in and other dimensions see this meeting , g sufferin , ANC the and Party Freedom Inkatha s between the relation to brought is insufficient international pressure there because of the employment to who remain committed bear those on all

I only mention it here , to know how much I you

violence do so .

for political

purposes and are

still

actually preparing

to

the make the political point that negotiations will not work if to talk even cannot Africa South of negotiating the future Parties all There are There is not only the violence issue . each other . with go tactics and strategy issues which subsidiary other the forces violence . It is revolutionaries who are preparing violent I

188

for use who call the loudest for future possible isolation of South Africa and for continued economic

continued sanctions .

the

which strategies hang whole cluster of tactics and a is There The world should strip violence bare by together around violence . it support away from it these subsidiary activities which taking without themselves appearing to be related to violence . this context , In I must again say how very much I appreciate your own international bold and statesmanlike leadership in the when comes community it comes to violence issues and when it to economic sanctions against South Africa . I am quite sure that when you , Madam Prime Minister , do eventually find it possible to visit South Africa , you will be surprised by the great warmth with which you will be received wherever you go . I am not only talking about received with which the warmth you will be at your official the receptions . I am talking about perceptible warmth from among You as far we are are an international heroine as masses . concerned saying so .

and

I

speak for the vast majority

of South Africans

in

in found saving which is is so much in South Africa worth withdrew from the British left behind them when they which that British the While we have Roman Dutch Law it is Africa . South

There

The freedom liberal tradition which shapes our legal institutions . of the press , the freedom of religion and an orderly Civil Service , can be traced to great deal more , our banking system and a great , the British before and after the Act of Union .

It is the British influence after the Act of Union while South Africa remained a member of the British Commonwealth of Nations which has produced so much on which so much is going to rest in the new South Africa . Let us look forward to Mrs. Margaret Thatcher's Africa in May , and let us prepare visit to South to make our contribution towards making us .

her trip a

success

both for her and

for

I stated a little earlier , Mr. Speaker , Honourable Members , despite the worst that hideous propaganda had done to malign those who dare go abroad outside the auspices of the ANC , who attempted to block won anything and everything they did not produce , many of us have permanent one .

friends

for South Africa .

Mrs.

Thatcher is not

the

only

We have won friends in Europe . I think of people like Dr. Helmut Kohl . Germany is the most powerful country in the EEC and it backs the sanity and reason for which we have pleaded against past ANC demands

for sanctions ,

the armed

struggle

and destruction .

When I went to Italy last year to There are others too in Europe . Institute , in address the Italo - African I had an opportunity February Guilio this year of meeting Mr. Andreotti as Prime Minister of Italy . I received nothing but solid encouragement for the politics of Inkatha Freedom Party make South Africa decent .

and

for what we were

doing to

189

Prime

Minister Andreotti clearly articulated that which I found a dominating thought in so much leaders ' minds in Europe and North actually year - that Mr de Klerk can America last be believed because he does what he says he is going to am do . I most gratified that this is the case because it shows that right moves in South Africa will

be

rewarded

in the

international

community .

in poor has constantly been a friend of the poorest of the country . been a Italy expressing practical friend , has Their concern about the poor and the suffering in practical ways . our of workers to the health of the peasants and contributions Italy this

doctors been a real contribution in the provision of has country They have brought where doctors would just otherwise not be found . have otherwise and sustenance and health where people would life suffered and died .

direct , This simple expression of humane concern with the victims Italy's been really magnificently present in of apartheid , has relationship with KwaZulu and South Africa .

available It remains an indisputable fact that funds have not been for in developmental projects KwaZulu because they have been and blocked by overseas by the South African Council of Churches the ANC . It was very refreshing to speak to Mr. Andreotti as Prime Minister of Italy and to find that the propaganda against humane like intervention against poverty in South Africa fell off him water falls off a duck's back .

The international community really is revising its opinion Africa . South The reform programme in South Africa is now increasingly being recognised as irreversible . I find this amongst the great nations of the world and just as true lesser nations of the world . Last year when I visited Poland , I found the work in South Africa .

same

revised

about evertrue

amongst the struggling

opinion about whether reform can

Poland believes that reform will work . Poland believes that reform is unstopable and irreversible . Poland believes that we should now begin multiplying contacts and that the past isolation of South Africa must be abandoned . While

I

was

in Poland with the

Chairman

of

Alliance

Centrum

Political Party and Editor in Chief of ' Solidarity Weekly ' , Senator Jaroslaw Kaczynski , the impression I gained is that Party political leadership and the Polish people themselves were eagerly looking forward to developments in South Africa and growing contact between Poland and South Africa .

refreshingly was not only a man in the street attitude . I Foreign the Deputy Minister of that The Hon Mr Ivo Butini , found believed that reform was I whom saw Affairs in South Africa This

sincerely meant by Mr de Klerk and believed that the reform process and was actually begin now to time it is irreversible that multiplying contacts between Poland and

South Africa .

190

While the proposed extension of my trip from Poland to did not take place , I am satisfied that all indications

Leningrad are that

even the Soviet Union recognises reform to be irreversible in South Africa and backs reform towards a multi - Party democracy in which there will be effective mechanisms to ward off the dangers that the Soviet Union itself is experiencing in having ignored groups and having attempted to ignore the of reality distinctions .

minority cultural

Honourable Members , Speaker , a great deal of Mr. the and IFP positions that the the for support have We Government will adopt at the negotiating table . KwaZulu the international the excite stuff that will negotiating very I totally am end want and in the we world . what want They There will be , international

convinced that they will support us the international world want .

in driving

for what both we

and

Mr. Speaker , Honourable Members , this House must constantly bear in mind that politics is ever - increasingly going to become the kind of We can now politics which we have always desired for South Africa . We can now succeed in making our country a multi - Party democracy . succeed in entrenching the rule of law . We can now succeed in making a future political system reconciliatory and acceptable to the majority of all groups in our country . We can now succeed in founding a future political system on an enterprise - driven economy . This is what the world wants of us and expects of us now .

The day will

come ,

Mr.

Speaker ,

Honourable Members ,

when we

look

back at the opposition we met in the international community when we first stated bluntly that the armed struggle in South Africa was unnecessary and amounted to wanton killing in the face of the reality that reform would take place and could be brought into existence by internal opposition by non- violent tactics and . strategies .

I

believe that it is vitally important for the democratic process in South Africa that people like myself continue campaigning in the really now that the ANC community . international ctanted International lobbies to timep bouth Africa keep isolated and to humiliate and belittle every spokesman from South Africa who goes abroad to campaign for the acceptance of the kind of

democratic

its

role

South Africa

in which the ANC will have

to play

out

- whatever that may be .

ANC itself is well aware that the effects of apartheid are going to live on for some time and that apartheid bosses and Whites generally will have to do more than smile and say let us forget the past and start afresh . The ANC itself will have to face the same y it real . What the ANC has done in the past will also live on . The revolution that it attempted to mount , the armed struggle that it attempted to establish as the primary means of bringing about change and the internal insurrection that it sought to establish to in make South Africa ungovernable , will all live on aftermath effects . The

191

An

active cancelling

mounted

in the past ,

of that which has now proved is

actually called

to be mistakenly

for .

Every time there is a new difficulty in IFP/ANC relationships , past problems will be resurrected and the present will be shown to be influenced by the

consequences

of past mistakes .

same the the IFP and the KwaZulu Government to subject must We our in thinking holier - than - thou be must not We course . of past the are things that we have done in there If judgements . then present , and continue to mar the were totally wrong , which ly cannot I , on genuine Quite . attenti our they should be brought to for myself bring to mind Inkatha equivalents to the ANC's acts in , encouraging example , with a Double Agenda . "

Unfortunately ,

Mr

the publication of

Nobleman Nxumalo ,

" Gatsha Buthelezi

the

so - called

-

Chief

Mzala ,

died

recently tragically of AIDS and is now not here to be answerable to me for what he did in writing his book .

however , ANC is , still here . The The defamatory statements made defamatory in about me Mr. Nobleman Nxumalo's book and the statements made about me in the late Dr. Francis Meli's book had actually would been referred to my lawyers and legal action have commenced had both authors not died .

am solemnly reminded by the content of the ANC's Open Letter I to talking State President how ready the ANC remains to continue the wrote Meli the way the late Mr Nxumalo and the late Dr me about I am concerned I am concerned about reconciliation now . about me . joint efforts between the IFP and the ANC now to bring about about to now venture am I concerned about an IFP/ ANC joint peace . It is now that I am talking establish the politics of negotiation . It is the threat to what can be done now that I am talking about . about . It is the living on of the past into the present that I am talking about .

The

international

community

is softening

its

attitude

to

South

Africa and I believe Mr FW de Klerk has made major break - throughs for South Africa in the international community . The international is response to the IFP/ANC meeting on the 29th January in Durban also evidence of international support for anything that can be as viewed progress towards a peaceful solution of South Africa's problems . I received letters of congratulations from President Kaunda of Zambia , President Daniel Arap Moi of Kenya , the Minister of External Affairs , of Madagascar and the Hon . Joe Clark .

The

letter from Dr.

Kaunda

reads :

President Canada Mr

192

His Excellency Dr. Mangosuthu Buthelezi President of Inkatha .

Your Excellency , Congratulations . and the Inkatha scheduled .

I am most ANC the

delighted to hear your meeting between leadership taken place as top has

We very much look up to you and Comrade Dr. Nelson Mandela to lead our gallant brothers and sisters to close ranks in this final phase of their long heroic struggle by overcoming the ugly internal violence being imposed upon them and the innocent population by common enemy to confuse and slow down the accelerated pace of liberation and the imminent democratic South Africa . All

of us in Zambia

are

Signed

guide

new ,

free ,

united and

praying to the Almighty God today to

your historic meeting bear May He

birth of a great ,

immediate

have

fruit .

and bless you all ,

KENNETH DAVID KAUNDA

29/1/91

President : The Republic of Zambia and Chairman of the Frontline States c:

His Excellency Comrade Dr. Deputy President African National Congress

Nelson Mandela

JOHANNESBURG .

The

letter

from the Honourable Joe Clark reads

as

follows :

THE RT . HON . JOE CLARK SECRETARY OF STATE FOR EXTERNAL AFFAIRS OTTAWA , K1A OG2 ONTARIO

CANADA February 4 ,

1991

Dear Chief Buthelezi :

Your meeting on January 29 in Durban with the Deputy President of African National Congress was a very important step forward in the transition to a democratic non- racial system of government in South Africa . As you both commented after the meeting , this event was only the first of a number of actions that have to be taken to end political

The

violence

in the

townships .

Canadian Government was

particularly pleased

that

both

sides

committed themselves to continued political dialogue , joint visits conflict areas , to and a collaborative effort to rebuild strifetorn townships . The successful outcome of this meeting has been widely Canadians applauded in Canada , and I know I speak for all

193

when I fruitful

extend my very best wishes to collaboration in South Africa .

both

you

for

continued

Yours sincerely , ( Signed )

JOE CLARK

Chief Mangosuthu Buthelezi President Inkatha Freedom Party Ulundi South Africa .

And the

letter from the

President

THE PRESIDENT OF THE

of Madagascar

reads as

follows :

DEMOCRATIC REPULIC OF MADAGASCAR Antananarivo ,

29

1991

January

Presidents and dear Brothers ,

I

have just

learned with much pleasure

that ,

having assumed

your in in my

responsibilities towards your people , you have decided to meet blind and fratricidal quarrel effort to end the murderous , been as has were embroiled , two organisations your which personal wish for the last year .

event , warmly This which is in my view extraordinary , must be and welcomed , for it can only favour the dismantling of apartheid democratic and prosperous hasten the coming of a new multiracial , South Africa .

which for my part , I have never doubted , that the contradictions you would devote divided be resolved in order that you might yourselves exclusively to your historic task .

Please

accept ,

Presidents

and

dear

Brothers ,

my

warm

congratulations and know that I am deeply committed to the victory of your struggle , which will be a victory shared by all of Africa . Mr Nelson Mandela Vice - President of the ANC

Dr Mangosuthu G Buthelezi Chief Minister of KwaZulu and President of Inkatha DIDIER

RAATSIRAKA

Mr. Members , Speaker , Honourable I believe it is very important South the against that ANC now stops its international vendetta Africa and against all who go abroad from South Africa who are not sent by the ANC .

194

to Africa is a strange amount of lobbying in South still There whether it is in the field continue the isolation of South Africa , The time now really has economics , sport or culture . of politics , come to open channels of communication between South Africa and the rest of the world . I argued this strongly when I received a delegation in Ulundi from the International Olympic Committee under the leadership of its record , Senior Vice - President . I must read my statement into the Mr. Speaker , Honourable Members , so that posterity itself can judge the quality of our contribution to change in South Africa .

MEMORANDUM BY MANGOSUTHU BUTHELEZI , CHIEF MINISTER OF KWAZULU AND PRESIDENT INKATHA INKATHA FREEDOM PARTY A DISCUSSION IN ULUNDI ON 26TH MARCH 1991 WITH THE FOR INTERNATIONAL OLYMPIC COMMITTEE LED BY THE SENIOR VICE - PRESIDENT JUDGE KEBA M'BAYE OF SENEGAL ACCOMPANIED BY :

Mr R Kevan Gosper Mayor- General HEO Adefope HE Mr J - C Ganga

Mr Edwin Moses

Mr Francois

Carraro

Mr Amadou Lamine

Ba

Mr Fekrou Kidane Mr Sam Ramsamy

welcome you, Judge I delegation Committee

V - P IOC Australia IOC member Nigeria IOC member and President of the Association of African National Olympic Committees , Congo Athletes USA representing IOC Commission of the Director -General IOC Switzerland IOC adviser : Head of the Supreme Council for Sport in Africa

SANROC ,

Kabe M'Baye to Ulundi .

London

and your There is

Olympic International absolutely nothing to

first - hand replace the kind of personal visits to South Africa and International I congratulate the you are gathering . impressions African South for being as concerned with the Committee Olympic situation that investigation .

this delegation has been sent to make

an on- the - spot

Before offering some comments on the whole question of politics and to sport in South Africa , I would like to say how pleased I was read reports and see television commentary evidencing an IOC peacemaking , unity - searching in - put to South African sport . really I important intensely

which appreciated this kind of husbandry of that is I am in sport in South Africa . As a political leader , aware that lower - rung political conflict at first and

second tier levels of government weed out the men from the boys prepare leaders for higher office at the national level .

and

I have also been aware how urgent it is to conduct Party political disputes in such a way that differences of opinion and the way they leadership towards the development of are settled , contribute qualities

in people .

195

I

believe

sport

is vital

for South Africa

in this

regard .

It

is

really vital that leadership qualities of those capable of taking the extent . lead be developed to the maximum possible Sport is that fundamentally important in this regard . I believe sport coaches people for higher office and does so in such a way that the actually checks and balances which there are in democracies are made to work because

people want them to work .

consequence There is so much naked aggression in South Africa as a of not decades but many decades of harsh racist rule , that anything will help political into Cothat turn political competition operation is vitally needed . The lesson sport has for us is that the competition is only permissible when it is played out within rules of the game . There are rules of the game to be played in South Africa think it is vital that South Africa's political leaders and borrow from the sports world the realise that fact within which competition becomes than destroys .

exhilerating

and builds up

and I should spirit rather

the issues which I see debated very frequently One of in South African sport circles is the question of whether or not reform has far longer gone enough to justify the fact that it can no be reversed . I

I argue very emphatically that this

is the

firstly want to make the point that my assessment

case .

that reform

is

now irreversible in South Africa does not rest on any assessment of a particular leader or Party . Whatever Mr. F.W. de Klerk does or does not do he is going to remain captive in a political situation in which he must

reform and

reform successfully or perish

The basis on which the National Party has whole rested for power up to now has been destroyed by opposition to apartheid . does not have a white society fundamentally undivided in

its He its

support for apartheid . There is a white society which by and large demanding is the modern , normalisation of South as Africa a industrial democracy . Western -type , The traditional power bases which have always for been there successive South African Governments are

just

not there

for Mr.

de

Klerk .

Previous business

National Party Governments have been able to rely on big and virtually the whole of institutionalised South Africa for support . Big business is now only there to support the process of reform . There will be no support for Mr. de Klerk from big

business

if he

abandons what he is doing .

commerce , quite some time now organised mining , banking and era . industry have been preparing for survival in a post - apartheid been adjusting to the future and they now want that They have future because there is no progress in this interim period while Until the confidence level in the South African they wait for it . be economy off , takes real economy recovery will not possible . they want change sooner than later and they are They want change , Klerk bring about change on Mr. de to the they putting pressure want . For

from indistinguishable are big business in The opinion - makers virtually in institutions . opinion -makers Africa's South all you are or whether are you talking about the Church , Whether

196

talking unions , about trade or financial institutions sports institutions , you are talking about institutionalised South Africa which wants the reforms which the International Olympic Committee wants for South African sportsmen . Economically of course there are far more reasons why Mr. de Klerk must continue on his course of reform . There will be no economic until recovery there is a dramatic up - turn in South African politics bringing about the new democracy we are all waiting for . did not need sanctions for the economic message to reach the in Government's and to become compelling government ears motivation . Every economic realist who knows anything about the South African you only of situation will tell that a process massive economy liberalisation of the South African and de - regulation associated with the minimisation of State interference in market bring that about the kind of growth patterns are forces will needed . Everybody

in

the public

and private

sector has

now perceived

the

awesome odds we are going to face as the more than 50 % of all Black South Africans who are 15 years old and younger actually hit the market places . The widespread poverty that apartheid has ensured totally in Black society has created circumstances which will be prohibitive for decent government if the frontiers of poverty are not rolled back . The

already bewilderingly high unemployment

and the huge

backlogs

which already exist are going to be doubled and trebled if there is not economic recovery and if the South African economy does not begin expanding at a rate appreciably more than the growth rate the population . There is no recovery possible under apartheid .

of

recovery . There will be no survival unless there is this economic will South African Consequently , there be no prospects of the Government reneging on its commitments to bring about fundamental reform .

We are now entering a fascinating period of South African political history in which for the first time in the history of the country a white ruling Party's survival depends upon the support it can get from Black South Africa .

I am not talking about survival of the National Party as the ruling Party . I am actually talking about the survival of the National Party as the National Party . The National Party will not survive if it does not succeed in bringing about reform and it about reform leading to a democracy unless it carries Africa with it .

There are things that

some things that one can do in politics and one just cannot do under any circumstances .

cannot Black

bring South

are there It will be

even with the backing beyond the power of the present Government , to reimpose apartheid politics all the powers of the State , of on South Africa . Black expectations are now so demanding and so high would result in South Africa being torn that any attempt to do so , of a is millions apart black bare matter by of It hands . succeeding or facing these

consequences .

197

International Olympic to is Committee the first message therefore that whatever else happens , we are not we are not going or any other form to face the reimposition of classical apartheid , of apartheid . Apartheid is doomed , utterly doomed and all that is left is to dismantle the last of it and to throw its pieces away .

My

that My second message to the International Olympic Committee is in there will be no miracles either in quick and easy solutions or post - apartheid recoveries from the ravages of past apartheid . I have constantly preached the gospel of self- help because even if we achieve the most beneficial political settlement possible today , do in it will be many a year before the best that we can South can Africa translate political victories into really meaningful freedom from poverty ,

ignorance

and

disease

in this

country .

With more than half of all Black South Africans bearing down on high schools and technical colleges , we face a situation in which will just give it not be possible to do more than people the opportunity of helping themselves . figures

Various

and estimates

can be tabled .

I read

only

this

Jan Steyn who should be as informed as most , says South 350 000 new jobs are going to be required each year in that That Africa . will involve an enormous investment which will just morning that Mr.

in the

not be forthcoming

first

place .

the shorter even if it were forthcoming in the second place , In rate of job creation needed would put enormous stresses term , the is which there in educational system even an on strains and the parity between Black and White and in which there is complete best possible utilisation of resources .

If

we started now we would just not be able to build a sufficient number of schools , equip them , commission them and man them with teachers to feed the essential requirements of that growth of jobs per annum . We could not even train the teachers to teach the pupils to produce the high school graduates that would be needed for a sustained period

in which 350

000

new jobs

are created

each year .

Everything in South Africa is going to be in a crisis recovery tack during that been the years lie ahead after apartheid has democracy established and eradicated and a multi - Party race - free has been established .

That also includes sport . You can only add to them .

You cannot re - distribute The millions of Blacks

sports centres . living outside to facilities will have

convenient travelling distances to sports be provided with new sports facilities . The best that we could do will not ensure that every Black in South Africa is going to have an equal

opportunity to

enjoy

sporting

facilities .

if Even we started now with the most progressive and imaginative schemes possible to develop sports promotors and organisers , there will just not be the kind of equal

enough people to man programmes to give children opportunities which we all want them to have .

198

of the future , No government of whatever political persuasion , could do more than help the people help themselves both in the Those who wait for the new economic field and in the sports field . which there will be equality of opportunity South Africa in in sport for all are dooming sport during the very period in which sport should be making a contribution to the development of the quality

of the people

of South Africa .

Whenever you have a democracy you can expect to have more world committee in the and every time you have more in the you can committee world , expect conflicts committees . It is my plea that the International Olympic - and indeed all the governments in the world - recognise best they can do is to back the best that is coming out African sport . If

the

International

Olympic

Committee

and

foreign

one than than one between Committee that the South of

governments

begin insisting on more than a really honest nation -wide struggle to establish a democracy and make life worthwhile for every citizen of this country , then we are going to be condemned to remain out of international the sporting community for as far as one can see ahead .

last must pursue the growing recognition that change has at We begun in South Africa and that it is unstopable . I did so when I Poland , Italy , went overseas last year and I visited Britain , and Canada .

While I was in Italy I was very grateful to have with Audience His Holiness Pope John Paul II . gracious man with a genuine interest in humanity . of a caring Pope .

an been granted I found him a He has the touch

There is talk of inviting His Holiness to visit South Africa in the take not too distant future and I really hope that that visit does the In place . my own discussions with him at the Vatican I made following representation to him on behalf of Black South Africa .

STATEMENT TO HIS HOLINESS POPE JOHN PAUL II , BISHOP OF ROME AND VICAR OF CHRIST

BY MANGOSUTHU BUTHELEZI CHIEF MINISTER KWAZULU SOUTH AFRICA AND PRESIDENT INKATHA FREEDOM PARTY IN ADVANCE OF AN AUDIENCE AT THE VATICAN

ON

13TH FEBRUARY

1991

Holiness , Your I want to express my deep appreciation for the you going to give me opportunity are of bringing our humble offerings Freedom Party in of what we are doing as the Inkatha of systematic South Africa to eliminate the most hideous system I am grateful oppression mankind has known in modern history . Holiness that Your that I will have the opportunity of telling

199

things really are changing in South Africa and that everything the Vatican South has hoped for for so long could become a reality in Africa . about Your Holiness heads a very vast Catholic network of concerns humanity and I do not presume on Your Holiness's need to be liberty acquainted with the detail of every vexing struggle for around the world . I do not presume to think that the South African dominate which day issues with we grapple 24 hours a in the Vatican's

and Your Holiness's daily concerns .

make my submissions rather humbly , not even knowing in advance I that this putting of pen to paper will even achieve the objective of acquainting Your Holiness in advance of our meeting with my perceptions and that which motivates me .

some of

Your only because this advance document , Your Holiness , I send man Holiness has shown himself to be a people's Pope , a peasant's under -dog who every grapples for of God and a champion of righteousness . Your Holiness has reached out to the world in a new Vatican concern for ordinary people . I

also write

in advance to say some of the many things

that

I will

just not have time to say in an Audience I have been so graciously Africa granted . One of these is that there is hope in South because the Christian Church has done what it has done for over two centuries . a Your Holiness will be glad to know that a friend of mine who is remote social anthropologist who lived with rural Black people in areas researching their social organisation and their adaptation to constantly environment , their did his field work on foot and was taken to be a Catholic priest because the only white people who were ever set foot in the remote areas he researched Catholic priests . Catholic not

gone .

priests have They have

gone where

other priests and clergymen

lived with the people

and

have

identified with the

people in ways in which other sons and daughters of the Church have health with not done . Catholics have become concerned and education , providing hospitals and schools to the extent that no other denomination has done .

I come to you , Your Holiness , as one who is saying thank you to the the role it has played in keeping hope Catholic Church for for democracy alive masses .

in the hearts

and minds

of South Africa's

suffering

The Catholic Church has an astounding capacity to be up - front where new innovative theology and new Christian strategies need to be past colonialism , devised in Third World circumstances in which past racism and present dictatorships roast the very souls of people on the spit of anger and revolution .

the

The Catholic Church has evidenced this astounding capacity together very important with a Godly worldliness in which it has played a role in fashioning the relationship between State and Church in modern society . It has played a role in making modern civilisation what it is in West Europe and North America , while at the same time West it has reminded there Europe and North America that is

200

of the Grace of God and that privilege by the Grace by privilege the of should be devoted to the alleviation of the suffering God poor , the oppressed and the folorn .

with this perception of the Catholic Church Your Holiness , It is , Audience take am going to approach the Vatican to humbly I that to It is with this approach that I am going Your Holiness . with because my heart presume to tell you something about South Africa , is bursting with the need to do so . I

am

bursting

with

the

joy of a

South

Africa

taking

quantum

political leaps into democracy . I am bursting with the joy of at long , being proved last long correct in saying that the armed and struggle revolution could achieve not what non-violent , democratic opposition could achieve . I am bursting with joy at the prospects of the wisdom and the goodwill of ordinary Black South Africans who have been the victims of apartheid and the most oppressed , surfacing in democratic structures to write the destiny of the country they love so much . In all history , it would be difficult to imagine something quite as miraculously wonderful as a South Africa which could thrust off two of centuries colonial oppression and nearly a century of White racist rule after colonial masters had handed over the country to Whites . Where in all mankind's experience has there been such bitterness subjugation which promise of putting away the and oppression ,

dating back to the

18th century ,

has produced?

All revolutionaries cried out that apartheid could not be reformed and had to be destroyed , by which they meant that war had to be non-violent , waged on the South African Government and that Now the same democratic opposition was useless . revolutionaries are grappling with the problems of integrating their organisations and their movements into the fabric of a society in South Africa is which now commanding the South African Government and all political

Parties to

negotiate

about a democratic

future .

Bishops I have at times fallen foul of the South African Catholic Conference because I have sought the things for South Africa which history is now delivering . I have rejected violence and I have opposed the punitive economic , political and diplomatic isolation believed of South Africa , because I believed in people , I in contact and I believed in communication . Because I led motivated beliefs , siding with by these I was castigated for not revolutionaries and holding counsel with those who declared war because they had

lost

faith in peace .

that , however , All swirling is away in a whirlpool which consuming past anger and past conflict . We all know there must reconciliation and reconciliation is beginning to emerge as working reality at virtually every

level

is be a

of politics .

When Your Holiness went to Poland , I was profoundly influenced that think the trip was undertaken to reinforce the forces

to of

justice and hope that the people of Poland were bringing forth from their history of oppression . It was a great privilege for me to be received last September by the Primate of Poland , Cardinal Glemp , in Warsaw .

201

Your The whole of South Africa yearns for the kind of event which endorsement visit Holiness's to South Africa would provide as an centre - stage the for those who are seeking reconciliation around as politics the South African State President has now prescribed medicine

for South Africa's political

ailments .

which A visit by Your Holiness would endorse all the prescriptions Black politics is now generating for the illness of internecine violence which will shame me until the very day Black- on - Black of we death , however my transcend problems and finally achieve a democracy . I make these points not in any supplication for a visit to South Your Africa by Your Holiness . I only make them to present to Holiness the dimensions of our society which is so throbbing with hope and the vitality of politics which can justify hope in the form by of saying how meaningful a visit to South Africa Your Holiness would be to many millions . Your Holiness , I will come to the Vatican , deeply glad in my soul Nelson Mandela in the context of a meeting that I met with Dr. of and the National Executive of the African National Congress the Central Committee of Inkatha Freedom Party on the 29th January this We both resolved to do everything in our power to resolve year . the ugly black - on - black conflict which has cost so many lives . we There saw the prospects of a miracle of reconciliation and conciliation . There we saw a spirit of goodwill rising up between Parties whose members were locked in bloody battle . Again , in humble awareness of Your Holiness's global responsibilities and in an awareness of the reality that alas Your Holiness is of finite substance and must at least to some degree bear the frailty of man at work who gets tired and can do so much and no more , I must say that of I cannot see Your Holiness unless I gave him copies the reached accord documents and the agreement documents which were between the Inkatha Freedom Party and the African National Congress .

to to the Vatican to have an Audience tell you that all the joy I have experienced , and all the hope that of forces truly is threatened by now there is in South Africa , darkness . I go also ,

Your Holiness ,

We have a precious new generation of Black South Africans who have known nothing but violence in politics . More than half of all are 15 years Black South Africans old and younger . The new generation therefore comprises a very substantial proportion of all South Africans . They know only violence in policies ; they know nothing about the process of reconciliation in give and take negotiations . This whole new generation is dominantly found amongst the poorest of the poor . There is little hope that this new of generation Black South Africans I am talking about will be the first to generation most substantially benefit from the eradication of apartheid and the

introduction of democracy .

for rates All projections show me that even the most hoped development will economic after apartheid has been destroyed inadequate .

The best we

can hope

for will be

entirely

of be

inadequate

202

to to

provide the roll back

jobs needed and to enable governments of the future frontiers of poverty political the and make to

victories really meaningful to the in their standards of living .

people

in terms

of

improvements

There will only There will be no manna from heaven , Your Holiness . their be the long hard grind of a people pulling themselves up by bootstraps , extent that this is made possible own to the by after poverty international aid in the support of action against South Africa

has been liberated

from apartheid .

is too There little wealth to ensure prosperity by its redistribution . The generation of new wealth will take too long to that ensure the impoverished millions will economically benefit from political change before they begin blaming for their plight whoever governs . There is countries

in in

South Africa the universal threat Third to World which mass spreading poverty becomes the enemy of

democracy . There are the lurking radicals born of poverty into becoming political nominated targets .

seeking to inflame anger anger against radical

lightly is also the consequences of glib political promises There There is also the in the knowledge that they were empty . given propaganda for killing consequences justifying political of There and here Your Holiness I implore great is also purposes . consequences Christendom never of international - the thought today actually of ever believing that the reform and the promise would ever materialise this side of revolutionary victories . own Churches ' Misereor did more to back revolutionary fervour than to endorse the politics I led to seek South Africa's salvation through non -violent tactics and strategies and through the politics of negotiation .

Your

There is the need now , Your Holiness , for international to stop , stock and retract from positions that take adopted We

are ,

in the

name

I believe ,

Christendom have been

of the Church . moving

into the

real

prospects

of guilt

being

expressed by Party political figures and remorse being expressed by them without it being underwritten by the remorse of failed against tyranny Christendom in the struggles of the people and oppression .

Your Holiness these are heavy things I am saying . They demand a degree of soul - searching which is not likely to occur . There is a need not only for apartheid bosses to say we are sorry , we were wrong , we repent . There is also a need for churches to say we are sorry , we did not believe that victory could come in the way it is going to come , we repent . I will thus , and I will

Your Holiness , approach the Vatican with joy and fear seek counsel from Your Holiness because I respect the Catholic Church . It is not only piously concerned with some kind of soul - remedy for mankind . It is a church which has participated in history and blundered with mankind and achieved with mankind . the It is a church of the people and I approach Your Holiness in awareness that this is so .

203

Mr. Speaker , Honourable Members , I have read this Memorandum to His Assembly Pope Holiness the into the KwaZulu Legislative record because I believe it is going to be very important for South Africa confer and group to that churches now together establish the maximum of a possible Christian input in the establishment democracy .

Churches must now stop all Party political support programmes and start urging people to accept the fact that what is now needed is Africans . an act of faith by all South Let Party political but let us differences be important in Party political situations , as let

Christians put South Africa first , and let us put peace first , and us put the development of sound negotiation politics the

emergence

of unifying consensus

first .

I do not know how many times I will have to call for an all South African Christian Conference to look at the role of Christian leadership in emerging South Africa . Christians who have taken they genuinely that did think because sides the politics of negotiation was not possible must now step back into the making Church an institution of reconciliation .

There is something very wrong with the image of churchmen who went because they stand behind the front lines in a liberation war to are who and , left thing only the was struggle armed the believed now standing behind a particular political Party because they think it is the only Party to bring about a fair and just society .

found Strangely enough I Christian leaders and Christian institutions more blotting - paper like when it comes to absorbing a lot of the hideous propaganda that has been developed against Inkatha Freedom Party and KwaZulu . However many arguments are lost because people just do not hear you , and however many times there are professions that are just not true , the churches have acted against not only the IFP but against KwaZulu and the Zulu people in the way they have blocked developmental funds and downgraded the irrelevant IFP and KwaZulu as at best to the struggle for liberation .

The churches of South Africa must forgive and be forgiven , together with institutions and other organisations in South Africa . It is life in which guilt part of the collective is spread across everybody because ultimately apartheid's victories in the past have been our failures and ultimately none of us are pure as the driven snow .

The churches have only cried foul when they thought I and the IFP were making mistakes . There is no crying of shame and crying of foul when others make mistakes . Perhaps before it was inexcusable misled or but nevertheless understandable that churchmen were hoodwinked into confrontation .

supporting

the

armed

struggle

and the

politics

of

204

Now , however , that it should be clear to every thinking person that now apartheid is utterly doomed and that reform must proceed unstopably to give South Africans the opportunities they need to do the best they can to establish a new society , there should be a lot condemning of of re -thinking and there should now be a lot of tactics which they thought were quite clearly unjustified now .

justified

in the past

but which are

A classical example of what I am talking about is provided by a news report after Dr Nelson Mandela had met with Frontline States Lusaka in in October last year . Reports said , amongst others things , that the Zambian leader had under pressures from the summit on agreed " to ask Inkatha leader Mangosuthu Buthelezi to get back the road of dismantling apartheid and stop blowing the embers of violence among the downtrodden black people in South Africa . " He is quoted as saying : " Buthelezi just now is creating a lot of chaos for all of us . He is leading us on a course of destruction and we all are asking him to go back where he was before and stop this killing . This this

is the kind of language that churchmen have used and it is kind of distortion of what actually is said and does take

place

that

I

am pointing

to .

it was October in September and in took place Conference The Minister Mdlalose FT me to send the Honourable Dr for possible Minister of without Portfolio and the Honourable Inkosi SH Gumede , Works , to hand deliver a letter to Dr Kaunda on my behalf , querying I wrote to Dr. the statement Dr Kaunda is reported to have made . Kaunda as follows :

H.E.

Dr.

21st October

Kenneth Kaunda

President of the Republic State House Lusaka Zambia

1990

of Zambia

Your Excellency ,

President , Mr. to make a direct enquiry from am writing , you Heads media reports that after the meeting of Frontline you blamed me for with Dr. Nelson Mandela in Lusaka , back on political discord and stated that I should " get creating the road of dismantling apartheid and stop blowing the embers of violence It among the downtrodden black people of South Africa . " was also reported that you said : "Buthelezi just now is creating a of He is leading us on lot of chaos for all of us . a course before destruction and we are asking him to go back where he was I

regarding of State

and

stop

all

Mr. Because and regard leadership ,

this

killing . "

esteem President I have always held you in such high Africa's above you as the elder statesman who towers F.T. Dr. am sending this letter to you by hand of I

205

Mdlalose , Inkosi Party .

the

S.H.

Chairman

National

Gumede ,

of Inkatha

Freedom

our Deputy Secretary - General

of

Party ,

and

Inkatha Freedom

Your opinion would tip many South African scales . It is important If, for me and South Africa that I put the record straight . Mr. President , you did say what you are reported to have said , then I beg of you to peruse this letter and the attachments to it , and you may , Sir , find yourself in a position to re -assess the situation . From all

reports ,

very biased untrue and others you statements .

Dr.

Mandela has

said some very tough things

and

things about me to Heads of Frontline States and may therefore have been influenced by his

Mandela as were there though talk to me about Dr. people Many I have always This is not so . personal difficulties between us . Mandela . I have known him many years and and respected Dr. liked I as contact we have kept years in jail , long his throughout In He recognises this to be the case . struggled for his release . he an interview on national television only a couple of weeks ago , said :

"He

was ,

and remains ,

support he gave me

my friend because of

in prison ,

the

demanding my release

tremendous and that of

taking the view that he would not negotiate with my comrades ; freed . government until the political prisoners had been the I

remain

indebted to him for his

friendship

and

support . '

If the press has distorted what you said , then we could perhaps put the record straight to benefit South African politics . I have always conducted myself and the struggle for liberation in South Africa and I have always defined tactics and strategies and will political goals So that our victory in South Africa victory for the whole sub- continent - indeed of all Africa .

shaped be a

How we finally eradicate apartheid for the evil that it is and has I am been , will leave South Africa either maimed or strengthened . deeply concerned that a national will to make democracy work and to have maximise economic development after political problems been solved is established . I work for reconciliation and I work to narrow the chasms

that

apartheid has

left

in its wake .

It is this perception of the desperate need in South Africa for one country united to rise above all politics from organisations State , putting the good of the Party before the good of the that determines

so many things

for me .

our circumstances , In President , Mr. there are some imperatives which I serve and in serving them differ with some of my brothers and

sisters

in other political

movements .

I have always said that the armed struggle would not succeed ; it has succeed not succeeded . And if it did succeed it would in counterfor dividing Black from White Africa to witness a revolutionary militarised , trained , backlash by a highly technologically sophisticated and highly mobile and motivated White rightist force that would make its Black counterpart in the form of Renamo or UNITA look very insignificant by comparison .

206

hopes . our It is on the politics of negotiation that we must pin Party bold break - away National from past Mr. de Klerk's F.W. entirely and his firm intention to eliminate apartheid traditions a golden opportunity that Mr. President , has given this country , history seldom presents . We must make the politics of negotiation and we must so behave in it that we not only negotiate a work new constitution into existence but we also negotiate a new, true South African national will into existence . the National not be a Constituent Assembly to which shall Africans South expected to hand over power . be would Party Indian and Coloured - would stand up to reject that White , Black , can we do not want leaps into the unknown when We possibility .

There

move forward sure - footedly knowing where we I

believe the ANC - authored Harare

are going .

Declaration errs

in this

regard .

There is therefore immediate political disagreement between myself and Dr. Mandela and the ANC on this matter , as there was with the question of the armed struggle and as there now is with the sanctions against question of economic South Africa and the All that hangs together as punitive isolation of South Africa . many faceted side of the politics of coercion . We do not need to abandoning into coerce the South African Government apartheid . that Apartheid is doomed and the Black struggle has ensured it cannot be revived .

in I am also very concerned that the all - or- nothing type politics inherent winner - takes - all Harare situations which is the in Declaration and the ANC's approach will not make make possible the degree of Black/White reconciliation which is needed . South Africa will have to move more towards consensus politics and will have to move towards breaking up the kind monolithic of powers which surround South Africa's Executive State President . Then another major issue in politics today is the question of Mr. minority group protection . President , if we do not attend to factor in South African politics , awesomely the fear it will be destructive . For me the acid test of whether or not a particular is the question measure to protect minority groups is permissible , of whether it offends any one of the principles of the Universal in Declaration of Human Rights . There shall be a Bill of Rights based the new South Africa and if that Bill of Rights is as it shall be on the Universal Declaration of Human Rights , no group right protection which does not offend it .

we need

fear

There are political differences between Inkatha Freedom Party and the ANC and it is good that there are these differences because we towards must move towards a multi - Party democracy or we will move multi - Party Africa's anarchy . South circumstances demand a political

You ,

Mr.

political

system .

President , leadership ,

with

your many decades of statesmanship wisdom . and deep insights

have gained

and I

really have greatly appreciated the extent to which that wisdom has led you to caution others about my leadership and your personal and me political kindness to has always been great a source of you have cautioned When others have denigrated me , inspiration . them to re -think and it was only in March this year when you received me so kindly and so graciously that you made a very bold public statement to the whole world about your view of me .

207

It

is

therefore with

relationship with Dr. Dr.

real hope that

some words from me

Mandela will be helpful

Mandela telephoned me

about the need

that

my

about

I write .

for us to meet .

Both

I

and His Majesty the King of the Zulus wrote to Dr. Mandela after we had made suitable arrangements and set dates so that we could meet with his wishes for us to have discussions . I enclose copies of my letter and the letter from His Majesty to Dr. this Mandela in regard . Dr. Mandela was then put under severe pressure not to meet with us and His to he in fact ignored my letter entirely and only wrote his very briefly , can be seen by the attached copy of Majesty letter to His Majesty . On a second occasion Dr. Mandela telephoned me to urge me to share where hideous a platform with him in the Pietermaritzburg area upsurges of violence between Black and Black were taking place . I of course agreed . We mutually agreed about a date and I returned with a venue proposal . When , however , the proposed meeting became immense known to Dr. Mandela's colleagues he was again put under pressure not to have anything to do with me . I attach a press of a statement which I issued at the time and I attach a copy KwaZulu statement on the matter which I read to the Legislative Assembly .

Dr. Mandela accompanying KwaZulu/ Natal ,

about himself said in public in Umtata when he spoke in the violence spots end to trouble to me he

told the people :

" They nearly throttled me . "

not does Mandela and myself to a meeting between Dr. Resistance could I that everyth done ing fact I have in my side . from come Mandela to meet think of doing that would make it possible for Dr. . with me despite the objections of his colleagues General

Olusegun

Obasanjo

came to see

me

in July

this

year

in

Ulundi , Kwazulu , to express his concern that Dr. Mandela and I had not yet met and offered to do what he could do to mediate and to make

a meeting possible .

I a copy of a Memorandum I presented to him and enclose I Mr. President , enclose , a copy of a letter that I wrote to suggestion . Obasanjo's spent had Не General at Mandela

also Dr. the

previous night at Dr. Mandela's home and reminded him that when Dr. during an was him in jail and General Obasanjo visited Mandela Mandela told him Dr. Eminent Persons Group visit to South Africa , right . I regarded Own my me as a freedom fighter in that he asked General Obasanjo to ask General Ibrahim Babangida to further play a conciliatory

role .

Mandela from a number of Pressures obviously were directed at Dr. outbreak quarters urging him to meet with me and after the of further and ugly violence in the Transvaal , Dr. Mandela did invite to attend a meeting in which he was going to host other leaders That of self-governing regions in South Africa . was not the waiting meeting I and the whole world were for . I consulted Inkatha Freedom Party Central Committee and the Caucus of the KwaZulu Legislative Assembly and they did not wish me to attend the meeting . Their view was supportive of the fact that the proposed

208

meeting Dr. Mandela was calling for could not address the question agenda . which he said was the main item on the of violence Dr. who Mandela and I need to meet to talk about violence with those been involved in violence and then get those who have been have involved in violence to work for peace . any I was given very short notice about the meeting and could in Mandela notice . Dr. event not possibly fit it in at such short · again the then re-scheduled meeting for October 5th without consulting me about the suitability of the date and not taking into account that I would only be returning from Europe the day before meeting . also and would not have time to prepare for such a I enclose copies of the letters from Dr. Mandela inviting me to attend these meetings .

The make

Mandela was being forced real issue of course is that Dr. meeting of concession in the direction of kind some

to me

Again necessary . without actually meeting me in the way that was Mr. President , I am providing you with a copy of for your records , the letter I wrote to Dr. Mandela in this regard . Mandela When General Obasanjo heard about the invitation which Dr. had addressed to me to meet with him as part of a delegation of leaders of self - governing regions , he wrote urgently to me . I replied to him . He in turn replied to me and enclosed is a copy of a letter he addressed to Dr. Mandela on the issue . I enclose this correspondence

for your

information ,

Mr.

President .

recently I was in Switzerland where I attended Conference a organised by the World Economic Forum where I Chief Emeka met Enyaoku , the Commonwealth Secretary General , who told me that he had heard that would I be attending the Conference and had determined to do so as well so that he could have an opportunity of talking to me about his concern and the concern of African Heads of anniversary State who had then just met in New York for the UNICEF about Dr. Mandela and I not meeting each other . explained the I what he could to Mr.

President ,

circumstances to ensure

that

Dr.

Chief Enyaoku and asked him to do Mandela

and

I did meet .

I am burdening you with this detail because

it

is

de Klerk , Dr. Mandela and myself have obviously important that Mr. actors relationships if we are all going to be central normalised We just That we will be . the politics of negotiation . in have somehow to normalise relations . The

whole

question of political

South Africa . Mr. year,

violence

does

confuse

issues

in

As I expressed in my Memorandum to you in March this President , Black- on - Black there are hideous

confrontations taking place in South Africa . There is a whole subculture of war and the politics of coercion which has been produced by propaganda for the armed struggle and propaganda to make South Africa ungovernable by establishing a people's war .

Dr.

Mandela

is now saying that there

is no Black - on - Black violence

and that the Government acts as an agent provocateur to produce the violence and the killing . For me the important thing is movement relationships towards a democracy and a normalisation of political repeated my Parties . between political I have therefore not

209

sentiments were then .

expressed

that I also wish the Presidents of

to you

in March which are

as valid now as they

when the Frontline Presidents invited the and the PAC , ANC to the Frontline States '

President's meeting ,

that

I had also been

invited ,

unless

there

is

a special reason why I could not be included . I am prepared , Your Excellency , to come to Lusaka to brief you , if you think this is necessary . The well known maxim ' Audi Alteram Partem ' encapsulates an important principle

of justice and

fair play .

It is my hope , Mr. President , that this enquiries you may wish to make from Dr. will be helpful to you , Your Excellency , towering heights of statesmanship . I have the honour to remain ,

letter and perhaps specific Mdlalose and Inkosi Gumede in

looking at us

from your

Your Excellency ,

Yours respectfully , MANGOSUTHU G. Chief Minister President

BUTHELEZI KwaZulu and

Inkatha Freedom Party

he Dr Kaunda denied emphatically that he had said the things that is reported to have said about me . He reiterated that he valued my contribution to South African developments . Dr Kaunda sees the necessity for Dr Mandela and I to get together as a necessary step in the normalisation of relationships between the IFP and the ANC .

The problem is that the negative opinions and bad publicity flashes around the world and correctives plop down at the feet of those who are the offended .

One must , sons and

however , daughters

count one's blessings . When I speak of great of Africa who have either been the part of

struggle or who have supported the struggle , I become very aware of those who so lose their health that they cannot continue , and those who die before the struggle is won .

I yearn for the day in which there will be a united remembering these great martyrs and heroes of the unison .

South Africa struggle in

Oliver Tambo who spent virtually bring to mind figures like Mr. I it his entire life in the struggle and is now being put aside from I also think of many people and who , like the late by ill health . before die Mothopeng , struggled all their life only to Zeph Mr victory was won .

the kind wish that it would be possible to say I really do things to people which in our political circumstances can only

of be

210

said about Mothopeng .

them after death . He spent years

I think , in active

for example , of Mr. Zeph democracy pursuit of and

justice in the struggle than those incarcerated

for liberation , then spent many more years in jail finally to come out of jail to die

before the struggle was

completed .

I

would

like

to place

on record the Tribute

I

paid

to

Mr.

Zeph

Mothopeng at his funeral in November last year . It is important I believe to read into the record the fact that political differences are much more shallow than people think . The Honourable Minister , the Reverend CJ Mtetwa , to Mr Zephania Lekoane Mothopeng at his funeral :

TRIBUTE

TO THE

read this Tribute

LATE MR ZEPHANIA LEKOANE MOTHOPENG

By Mangosuthu Buthelezi President Inkatha Freedom Party Read on his behalf by the Rev CJ Mtetwa , Member of the Central Committee of Inkatha Freedom Party JOHANNESBURG .

3RD NOVEMBER

1990

names of those who struggled and suffered because they never gave history up hope and eventually died are legion in the modern of South Africa and the Black struggle for liberation . are There

The

greatly sung heroes and there are unsung heroes and there are those who received attention because they claimed it [ with considerable justification ] and there were those who received attention because of what they were

and what

they did .

Zephania Lekoane Mothopeng was one of the latter . He was a product of the indomitable spirit of Africa . It has been observed - and I believe correctly - that Zeph Mothopeng was typical of a brand of African leadership which was produced by the rural white platteland in the Transvaal and the Free State where racism was harsh , direct and uncompromising . Certainly traditions

Zeph Mothopeng did not grow up with the kind of liberal anywhere near him which were more frequently found in the the Cape Province and Natal . He was born to be affronted by racism he met and he struggled to express that very particular - and African objection to the way in which the man even the humanity of Black South Africans - was affronted by racism . he acquires the drive to put that which Zeph Genius in his way , creates before all man for acceptance . Mothopeng struggled to put visions of a new South Africa before the

Who knows where the genius

people . He struggled to express purity in politics by giving the Black struggle the idiom of being a struggle by Blacks for Blacks . There

was

a

fierce

pride

in this

son of Africa which made

battle with the finest minds and the strongest personalities African National Congress to which he originally belonged . there with

other strong personalities

such as

Leballo ,

Mdo ,

him

do

in the He was Pokela ,

211

and

Sobukwe

Ngendane

who were drawn together to

object

the

to

broadening support base the old ANC was beginning to draw to itself in objection to anyone who was not an African taking part in and process . the ANC decision - making Like so many in the PAC who came from the ANC , he was a product of In being the Youth League and he was a graduate of Adams College . what he was in the old ANC , his attitudes typified those found in a whole sub- strata of the ANC . He represented something real among the people and he claimed the democratic right to campaign for his beliefs and to uphold his values .

No no beatings - up , jailings , no bannings and no pressure of any could shut him up . kind He was saluted as a leader wherever he went . When he came out of jail , broken with cancer , but surging in strength ,

he was

immediately

taken up as the President

of the

PAC .

indomitable I pay personal tribute to this son of Africa whose to the final victory spirit always pointed over apartheid and racism which just had to come . In paying tribute to the life and Black for the commitment of Zeph Mothopeng to the struggle liberation , I feel the need to express a deep sadness that this the black father of politics was not spared long enough to see final victory of the struggle

to which he so committed himself .

Each day that passes has seen one or another of South Africa's sung or unsung heroes and heroines pass from this life without seeing the great to creation that the struggle for liberation is going sculpture out democracy .

of the hearts

and minds

of South africa

to

make

a

new

I am always saddened when I think of this not so much only because I think of these people as political beings , but because more I - people the beings them as in of human particularly think struggle . Not only have they been cut off from seeing a final - the democracy constitution and the Parliament it establishes they have also been cut off from the richness of South African life which will

come with political

victory .

to going is liberation victory in the struggle for final The which it in humanit of depth a with y Africa South new a produce form only a century and more of fighting the devil himself in the There will be one of racism and apartheid can forge in a people . have people in one sovereign South Africa and that one people will the one destiny and they shall reach that one destiny because but to for liberation has brought them together in the unity struggle produce

it .

If one could take all the martyrs and all the heroes and heroines of the South African struggle , who have departed this life , and if one could put them all together as a great throng , standing on the mountains looking at us in this phase of the struggle , I am quite sure that all those heartfelt differences which divided Black from Black will be seen there amongst the throng as expressions of the democratic right of a people to propagate ideas and seek support for them . Those differences amongst that throng on the mountain would be seen to be uniting the throng in the acceptance by each of the right of another to love , to be angered and to be inspired by different things for a common love of South Africa .

212

extend my deepest sympathies to Zeph Mothopeng's wife and to all I for their We say thank you to them of his family . members the loved they one served the decades of anguish and suffering because I say to them he is taken from us , not as he his country so well . that He is taken from us to to jail to suffer . taken was rest God alone can give and to join those mighty that rest went who that throng him to be part of that great and before we could imagine on the mountain .

To Zeph Mothopeng , let not you down .

I

We will say go well , father of our struggle . all We will produce the South Africa we have

struggled for .

Speaker , Mr. Honourable Members , it is against everything I in said this 1991 Policy Speech that I now turn to make assessments of where we now stand and what we short and medium term political developments . We

must

have a view of what

are

likely to

meet

is coming so that we can prepare

best we can both for that which we know is going to happen , that which we are trying to make happen and believe could Our preparation for the

have some

future must not be

simplistic

in

the

and for happen .

and naive .

This requires of us that we are as prepared for bad turns of events as we are prepared for good turns of events . It is simple prudence to prepare for both .

Mr. talk

Members , nobody in South Africa today can Honourab Speaker , le will about the course that violence with any real convictio n

predict when violence yet take or confident ly from politics . control or be eliminate d

All

indications

are

that we

face

will

be brought

a very difficult period

under

ahead .

If

it were true that most of the violence stems from IFP/ANC conflict , we would face a much easier task . The IFP does not want conflict and violence and would willingly work with all elements in the ANC which did not want conflict and violence . The work that we have would begin done and could yet do together to eliminate violence , shaping the course of politics if we started succeeding .

Failure on the other hand gives licence to the spread of beyond the violence we fail to stop . This really worries

violence me . We

could well face a continuing escalation of violence which will make faced with negotiations totally impossible . Already we are a situation in which it just would not be possible for all political Parties to canvass in all areas for mandates from the people and during report back to the people in all areas the process negotiations .

to of

Already therefore we have levels of violence which are prohibitive . widespread At least there is a commitment sufficiently and groupings enveloping ever - increasingly political Parties and to

213

eliminate political violence from South African politics planning for negotiations despite violence .

to

justify

When , however , we reach the point where it becomes futile to plan the for negotiations despite violence because violence is changing of and nature political shape of politics changing the the circumstances in which we have to mount negotiations , we will not be

able to plan ahead .

I still argue right now that an immediate start on negotiations , as limited as those negotations will have to be because of the levels in would curb some developments of violence which already exist , violence . Concrete evidence of success will feed hope and fed hope will stifle violence .

It

really

is

fundamentally

important

that we do as much now as

we

can do now so that if things do get tough , we have more to go back to . We now need really seriously to see the importance of holding a multi - Party Conference in South Africa to determine the best forum negotiation and to develop the best possible negotiation structure . There are a great many things which can be decided now and should be decided now .

Who should be involved should be decided now . What the initial right now We could should be could well be decided now . agenda begin working towards adopting a Negotiation Declaration committing who subscribe to it to rules of negotiation procedures . those We could right now start setting in position permanent National a Negotiation Secretariat .

We would together .

find Let

to even these things surprisingly difficult begin doing so , us however , so that we are

put not yet distracted from what can be done now by the violence which may inhibitive for the whole negotiating process . prove Violence has make some not yet reached the level where we cannot beginning . That beginning must be made .

Members , carry Mr. Speaker , Honourable we in KwaZulu really do discharge burdens others do not have and have responsibilities to which both give politics .

us

a tough

job

and give us

a privileged

position

in

KwaZulu will We have really solid starting points for negotiation . will start start where the Buthelezi Commission left off and it where the KwaZulu/ Natal Indaba left off . We do have the mechanisms which provide the contexts for those starts . We have brought the Joint Executive Authority into existence .

It is an expandable something and a great take the form of expanding the JEA'S consensus

on point

after point .

can deal of negotiations operation we as reach

214

direction always for us been a first step in the of Authority a non- racial Legislative in the Regions such as the KwaZulu/ Natal Region KwaZulu/ Natal Region . will have to be brought under new structures as negotiations The JEA has establishing

proceed .

We have made

developed

as prototypes

beginnings for the

here

rest

to do

of the

so which could well

be

country .

Honourable Members , must take seriously Speaker , This House , Mr. endeavour at cha mounting a negotiation now of llenge the the and sec , fir the aft ond ste st fou a is er p rth regional level which Joint Commission , Executive the of the Buthelezi steps third Authority and the

KwaZulu / Natal

Indaba .

should We I believe now call for joint consultation with all Parties which would co - operate with KwaZulu and Freedom Inkatha Party steps to establish a KwaZulu / Natal Negotiation Forum together under an Advisory Secretariat to be established by KwaZulu , the Natal Provincial Administration and the major political Parties who are active in the Region .

IFP , really The the National Party and the ANC are Parties in the negotiation stakes . I would have no

the major difficulty

working with the National Party and the ANC to see whether we possibly make a start on negotiations here while some Parties seek agreement to their preconditions for involvement at the national other level and parties sit a little longer on the negotiation fence .

KwaZulu/ IFP/ NP/ANC could together have a very significant impact on thinking if we started working at the KwaZulu/Natal negotiation thinking level .

Without Parties

Mr.

the

ANC

could have

Speaker ,

or without the an important

National

impact

Honourable Members ,

Party ,

the

remaining

on their own .

we just

cannot

mark time

while

others flounder around because they are not yet ready to negotiate . Let us in this Region secure what can be secured in this Region . All politics will be grateful for it in the future . We have starting points . viable Let us make a start where we can make a start .

We must also begin ,

I believe , Mr. Speaker , Honourable Members , to make our own start on very serious thinking and research about how more precisely to talk about the structure of a second tier form of government in the KwaZulu / Natal Region . What powers do we really anticipate will have to be evolved from central government level to make for more effective second tier politics in the KwaZulu / Natal Region? How far will the KwaZulu / Natal Indaba model of the government for this Region , meet requirements circumstances which are now emerging ?

regional the of

215

need , I believe , to establish a Negotiation Commission through with other Parties which the KwaZulu Government can start liaising South which could be of assistance in and the various authorities Africa . Such a Negotiation Commission could also be given terms of evolve to need attention which would draw to reference the

We

constitutional

thinking in the context of very specific for the development of KwaZulu / Natal as a Region .

the goodwill in the rest of

Such a Negotiation Commission could harness undoubtedly exists in this Region and indeed Africa towards what we could do

Mr.

Speaker ,

planning

which South

in this Region .

Honourable Members ,

we

just

have

to make

a

start with

negotiating for negotiations in which KwaZulu will be a preparing making KwaZulu . as partner The the for I am proposal KwaZulu/Natal the a Negotiation Commission for of establishment Region should

I

believe be

thoroughly debated .

Negotations are not going to be easy and we must be adequately prepared for them , both formally through a Negotiation Commission properly mounted , officially launched as the KwaZulu Government seriously and for KwaZulu constitutionally correct - in the same way the Buthelezi

Commission was

constitutionally correct .

This formal preparation for negotiations will be difficult enough . theoreticians , We will need to bring together brains , experience , of practical people and cross - sections of opinion from all walks life in the KwaZulu/Natal Region . We will also have to ensure that mining , commerce , banking and industry have Commission from every section of the private be invitations to religious bodies to make should give universities

representatives on the sector . There should recommendations . We

roles to play .

the We should also formally and correctly deal with President's Council and its functions where appropriate . I am thinking , for minority group President's the work on example , of Council protection and Bills

of Rights .

We also need formally and correctly to deal with the Human Sciences Research Council . They too have undertaken research and they too have produced

We the

reports

on constitutional

matters .

should also formally and correctly deal with institutions Development Bank which also has undertaken research and

produced reports ,

for example about the

land

like has

issue .

like organisations with should deal we Further , the Urban Trust . Development Independent the and Foundation They too very serious research and their work and the findings of undertake Negotiation to a important KwaZulu research be could their Commission .

216

Mr.

Honoura

When I we learn by experie ble Members , nce . set up the Buthele zi Commission , we did so in one fell swoop and we did so unilatera Certain difficul were created . . We as a ties lly Governm KwaZulu r t h t a s u C s and i h a o u e p o g e v t c m h e h m t i s sion ent negotiat indeed we have a duty to do so . If KwaZulu is to e serious the ly as a negotiating partner at the national level about devolut power and the structu of tier ion ring of first and second necessar levels of governme d r , t w m t e e h e u h v s e s e o o n t t u e r nt ces y for the successf handling of this as a very major underta king . ul Speaker ,

tells Buthelezi us , Our experience in the Commission Report however , We need perhaps that the smoothing of ways is advisable . think in terms of establishing a steering committee or planning to can which talks committee have exploratory with all the organisations , institutions and government departments that would inevitably be

involved .

instance , various to make quite sure that all the for s and inter - departmental and inter - governmental and the organisation and Joint economic Executive Authority functions in the field of developmental are we are adequately locked into what planning ,

We

need ,

doing .

We should ,

however ,

I believe

aim at

Commission off the ground before Assembly Session .

getting

a

KwaZulu Negotiation

the end of the KwaZulu Legislative

Members , Speaker , we Mr. Honourable these are all formal steps millions taking as should be negotiators on behalf of in will KwaZulu / Natal who be relying on us to secure their best interests . We have electoral responsibilities and we have historical

responsibilities

as well .

are These things I think we can do with sure deftness because we in versed in them , we are practised in them and we have knowledge them . They are , however , not the only things to do . We will also have to do a lot of informal must come into play .

political

work .

Here

again experience

I believe that in the KwaZulu / Natal Indaba the going to the people was somewhat to popularise the KwaZulu / Natal Indaba endeavours the opinion polls , The research , the promotions , the belated . stickers , that , the T shirts , bumper the house meetings and all to needs to be brought into play at the earliest possible moment very generate the image of the KwaZulu Negotiation Commission as a serious and highly necessary endeavour .

It is in this promotion that we will be seeking to establish among the future multi - racial electorate affinity for consensus decisionmaking .

217

feel will of course , be a number of detractors who There will , by what we are doing and therefore do their damndest to threatened Buthelezi the in that We had doing . are we what discredit Commission , we had that in the KwaZulu/Natal Indaba but it did not historically from them developing a fine track record and detract important conclusions .

I am thinking here , for example , of the problems we might face from those who will try and detract from what we are doing by calling it an ethnic or a tribal endeavour .

we

Somehow

must

get

the

message

across

to

the

people

of

KwaZulu/ Natal that we were not ethnic in the Buthelezi Commission We the we were anti - apartheid in it . were not ethnic in That is KwaZulu/ Natal Indaba - we were anti - apartheid in it . why precisely the Central Government rejected these findings - it was because they were still committed to apartheid .

We must get the message across to the people that KwaZulu wants to play its role in a KwaZulu / Natal totality as an integral part of South Africa and it wants to eliminate apartheid and it wants an democracy . open , race - free All we are saying that is the KwaZulu/ Natal Region is one of South africa's natural political constituencies , geographically speaking , historically speaking and politically speaking . There is a KwaZulu/ Natal only be destroyed at the expense of South Africa

identity which can itself .

multi - Party a cannot tire of saying that we are struggling for I - great it is important that every political Party and democracy and small , important and newly - emerging - should be nurtured by the democratic final the SO that we arrive at process negotiation intact , viable of our country with political Parties destination and

ready to go .

We in Inkatha Freedom Party have never been threatened by internal rifts . We handle our difficulties democratically and those who are South serving in Inkatha Freedom Party's leadership ranks serve Africa

first

and keep

Inkatha Freedom Party

intact

to do so .

unfortunately Some other political organisations , been have d subjecte to rifts in the past and will be subject to rifts in the historically The PAC actually split from the ANC in an future . important

rift

in the

Black political

field .

never had any difficulties in dealing with I have the have had cordial relations with them . indeed We have regretted the fact that the PAC itself has had a always past as far as unity is concerned .

We PAC . of course

chequered

218

always that It has been a matter of grave concern to me the section external of the PAC was divided with the London PAC somewhat distant from the Dar - es - Salaam PAC . It was also sad to note the extent to which internal PAC was divided from the external PAC . They also , however , never hesitated to lambaste me from exile in some of their publications . The Honourable Minister of Justice , the Reverend CJ Mtetwa met Mr Joe Mkhwanazi of the PAC with the then Honourable Minister of Health , Dr FT Mdlalose in Gaborone in request . Botswana on the 2nd August 1990. This was at the PAC's deliver to The following was the message I gave my colleagues to Mr. Mkhwanazi :

AN

INKATHA FREEDOM PARTY VIEW OF CURRENT SOUTH AFRICA . STATEMENT PRESIDENT

BY MANGOSUTHU BUTHELEZI INKATHA FREEDOM PARTY

A PRESENTATION TO MR .

JOE MKHWANAZI

OF THE

PAC

CONVEYED BY DR FT MDLALOSE NATIONAL CHAIRMAN INKATHA FREEDOM PARTY AND THE REV . CJ MTETWA CHAIRMAN OF THE POLITICAL AND STRATEGIC SUB - COMMITTEE OF THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE GABERONES ,

REPUBLIC OF BOTSWANA .

2ND AUGUST

1990

It is totally astounding that now in 1990 when the Black struggle liberation has achieved the major objective of breaking the for back of apartheid and bringing the ruling National Party and the South African Government to a point where they just have to negotiate for a truly multi - racial , multi - Party democracy based on universal adult franchise , Blacks are pitted against each other in threatening to become fights to what are the Party political finish .

The men who towered head and shoulders above all their peers in the struggle , such as Chief Albert Luthuli and Mr. Robert Sobukwe , struggled for precisely this position . For them it would have a Black victory of great historical importance . They

been most

certainly would have made it a Black South African victory and they Black would shame not have permitted petty Party politicking to South Africa in an hour of victory . Inkatha Freedom Party calls for the cessation of internecine political conflict amongst Black South Africans . It calls for the shaming of violence Black .

and the

cessation of violent

I felt greatly encouraged when I received President of the Pan Africanist - Congress , Mr.

a

attack on Black

by

letter from the Mothopeng , Zeph L.

appealing for calm , tolerance and the halting of senseless carnage . He encouraged the ANC and Inkatha Freedom Party to continue to seek peace . He talked about " intolerable strife among the people " and he talked about the violence as a " horrible scourge " . His appeal was an appeal

made

in the

" supreme

interest

of the nation . "

219

I too have called for putting the interests of the State before the interests of any political Party . This message I am delivering to the Pan Africanist Congress is a message from one South African for organisation to another South African organisation calling for common cause action in which we are inspired by a common love South Africa I

have

for which we

for many years

are

each in turn prepared to die .

now been calling

for the recognition of

the

need for all political Parties to adopt a multi - strategy approach . There is no one Party which is in fact larger than life and which can subsume the State . The State towers in importance over all Parties . There is no one Party so miraculously wonderful that what is good for it is automatically good for the State . We must in what really is an indigenous African humility say that we want to serve the State and that this is the prime motivation in forming a Party . There is now so much that draws us together . More than ever before we there are things can do together , despite our political differences . Indeed , there are things that history demands we do , political

differences

notwithstanding .

I hold very correctly that there will be a multi - Party democracy or there will be the dead ashes that scorched earth policy meeting scorched earth policy leaves of hope .

behind

after

it has

laid bare the

land

very have I grave misgivings about the consequences of ANC's present hard drive to become the only Party capable of dealing with the Government what amounts to be a bi - polar in negotiation in which they , the ANC , dictate how the South African Government should hand over what powers

to them .

legitimate the only ANC have always regarded themselves as The the The PAC knows of the people of South Africa . representative on OAU'S the the ANC has attempted to trample which to extent of worthy ANC is not the only organisation the that insistance ce importan the minimise to sought The ANC has wrongly recognition . after I have been astounded how they time of the total struggle . brought have claimed as their victory that which others have time suffered and struggled , and for which others have planned , about died . The

ANC is now presenting the climate

of negotiations

and the

foregone doom of apartheid as their own particular Party victory . I have been in politics all my adult struggle and I know that there is struggle which

can now be

ours

now

political

life . I have grown old in the an accumulated wisdom in the

for the

taking .

a I think of the extent to which that wisdom is being spurned with struggle during heavy heart . I think of all the decades of the total endeavour of every political which the organisation , and particularly the total endeavour of the old ANC under Chief Albert to Luthuli , was to unite people and to employ them in opposition racism .

weakens and people NOW Black - on - Black violence divides hideous our all The whole of history and racism . to opposition their

220

ancestors , all our heroes , rape the the of against

heroines and all Black political

prostitution of Black political

our martyrs , conscience

cry out and the

valour .

glorious call to the My to all Black South Africans is to rise victors heights to which history wants to elevate us as in an honourable struggle , achieving noble ends and establishing a multiParty democracy in which all those who made their own contribution to the downfall of apartheid , can make their own contribution in multi - Party politics to the establishment of a democracy and its maintenance thereafter .

Inkatha Freedom Party most certainly spurns the notion of Party politics direction of each Party trying to out taking the wipe every other Party to be left the sole victor and the sole arbiter of what there shall be in the future .

my at was yet life experience began when I My political own As a boy , and later as a young man , I knew people mothers's knee . that great son of Pixley ka Isaka Seme , Dr. as my uncle , such old African was the founding father of the really Africa , who National Congress . University Hare Dr. and I were fellow students at Fort Mdlalose We all belonged to the Fort Hare Branch Robert Sobukwe . with of of Sobukwe was the Chairman and Mr. Youth League , ANC the our branch . We therefore looked up to him as one of our young leaders . Revd . Mtetwa was a member of ANC in Johannesburg . When he decided to break away in 1955 after the Kliptown Conference we perfectly could and the endorsement of the Freedom Charter understand the reasons for his doing so . But we both ( Dr. Mdlalose and I ) felt that it was better to remain in ANC and try and bring about reform within it .

great A history

deal of history has taken place since . It should a be We who now of the glorious achievements of the struggle .

live have the historic duty of stopping it being dissent and dishonour in the hour of victory .

a history

of

Black

Let us now gather together once more on the soil of Mother Africa to here in South Africa as sons and daughters of Africa . I want So work with those for whose release I campaigned so arduously for who many years . I would like to share platforms with those joining be struggled with me and who should now hands in determining what is best I do kill

for South Africa .

not want my beloved land to become a place each other simply because they want their

which in thoughts

people to be

supreme thoughts , they want their feelings to be universal and they want total conformity to their plans of action . That is the stuff that tyranny is made of. That is the stuff apartheid was made out of . We dare not stoop so low as Blacks to make that the stuff that our future is made out of .

Throughout my political career I campaigned for the release of both Dr. Nelson Mandela and Mr. Robert Sobukwe , and of course for other political prisoners as well . After the death of Robert Sobukwe I Zeph Mothopeng , campaigned for the release of Mr. the present President of PAC .

221

Mr.

was never hostile

Sobukwe

to me ,

notwithstanding the

things

that are now written by Benjamin Pogrund in his recent biography of himself asked me to pose with Robert Sobukwe in Pogrund Sobukwe . Johannesburg accident . picture A when we met in a shop by sheer that was published by Pogrund was unprompted by me .

in

" The Rand

Daily Mail "

at

that time

the On death of Robert Sobukwe I received a phone call early one morning from Mr. A.B. Ngcobo , one of the co - founders of PAC and a member of the National Executive of PAC . He broke the sad news of our brother's death and said he and other PAC leaders who could not to Graaf Reinet for Sobukwe's funeral would appreciate it if go I This I did . Some thugs could attend and speak at the funeral . harassed me at the funeral when Bishop Tutu was suggesting that I should go

and

in

fact

they nearly murdered me .

Mr. A.B. Ngcobo made a statement to correct a suggestion that I had had gate -crashed the funeral . The actual facts are that not only Mr. Ngcobo telephoned me to request me to attend the funeral , but Mr. Robert Sobukwe's brother , Bishop Sobukwe , then Suffragan Bishop of St. John's , asked me to speak when he heard that I was attending the funeral . I had no hostility from PAC , until Mr. David PAC in Dar - es - Salaam attacked me in Maseru ,

Sibeko , then leader of Lesotho , at an Afro-

American Dialogue series seminar . He called me a " political punk . " When I went to see President Julius Nyerere in Dar -es - Salaam in 1979 , Mr. Potlako Leballo and Mr. Ntloedibe visited me in my hotel Sibeko said about me did not represent to say that what Mr. the views of PAC and they apologised for the insult of Sibeko calling me In

a

" political all

punk .

my travels

abroad I had always

enjoyed

the

most

cordial

relationships with many colleagues of Mr. Sobukwe in exile , such as Nana Mahomo , A.B. Potlako Leballo , Velekhaya Shange , Joe Ngcobo , Mkhwanazi and others too numerous to list here . At the time of his Mr. death , Potlako Leballo was attempting to introduce me to the leadership

of Red China .

I was a contemporary of Mr. Joe Pokela one of the late leaders of was РАС . І was not able to get in touch with him while he in exile . I have not had the privilege of meeting Mr. Johnson Mlambo . When Mr. Mothopeng was released I wrote to him expressing our joy his release . at I heard that he wanted to see me and I called at his house with members of my family . It was a joyous reunion . The discordant only note was that after I delivered " a beast " as we called it , of R2 000 to Mr. Mothopeng from Inkatha for which he and Mothopeng that Mr. Mrs. thanked me profusely , I later learnt ordinary this amount from Mothopeng had subsequently donated Age peasants and workers which Inkatha donated to him , to an old Home in Soweto . I have also been distressed by some of the things members , that about PAC have been published me by PAC in Newsletters .

I on as

have ,

however ,

admired the statement that Mr.

Joe Mkhwanazi

made

behalf of PAC that PAC refuses to gang up against me and Inkatha do . would wish ANC the PAC to Mr. admired also I have

Mothopeng's

latest

message

in a

letter to me ,

which

I attach .

222

that this is a time when we should sink our little organisations representing and get together as the oppressed at this crucial time in the history of our country when Klerk get Mr. F.W. de offers his hand to us and asks us to charter to together with him a new South Africa . I have appreciated this opportunity for my colleagues to meet with Mr. I believe differences

Mkhwanazi sad The endemic each In

and to exchange views

at this very crucial

time .

become almost thing is that Black - on - Black violence has region . this part of South Africa - the KwaZulu /Natal in has violence , ANCbeen there case where every and

SACP /UDF / COSATU alliance elements have been engaged in the violence AZAPO members PAC members , whether it is against Inkatha members , Eastern whether it is in the or other Black Consciousness groups , to be want They . //Natal KwaZulu Cape , the Free State , Transvaal or This comes from the only representatives of Black South Africa . their view of themselves as the sole representatives of Black South They have regarded themselves as the government waiting in Africa . exile . that appreciation my despite on record put to that like would I of points adopted have I when created difficulties which have been view and undertaken action which the PAC disapprove of , and despite difficulties which have been created when the PAC has done the the locked in to me , Inkatha Freedom Party and the PAC are not same

deadly

combat .

That democracy must begin now I want a democracy for South Africa . way best I believe that the are tolerant of Blacks . Blacks as s of politic the to is for Blacks now to give solid backing forward a become will ting table negotia the that ion forecast I . negotiat in there it is my sincere hope that the PAC will be and reality own right and that they will be able to make an historically their important contribution to the the negotiating table .

solution to

South African problems

at

I would like to see Inkatha Freedom Party , the PAC and the ANC all participants in the new multi - Party democracy after apartheid . I anybody under to serve the am quite prepared myself in new serve government of South Africa who would equally be prepared to under me . I believe we have fraternal relationships across all lines . Party political The total struggle has always been far bigger than any political the fraternity .

Party .

It is the struggle which produces

however , I, must respect the PAC's decision not to give full the time . support to negotiating process at this point in My their to own appeal them nevertheless is now to come forward in needs right to do so . I think South Africa them in their negotiating capacity .

the negotiation to PAC should now come in the that believe I If the The PAC could bring a lot of support with them . struggle . same others will bring that very PAC does not bring that support , is a There . well as it of share its have will ANC the support and ent by ed settlem very substantial groundswell demand for a negotiat They They want the equality it can bring . Black South Africans . They want a want the right to form a government that it can bring . full participation in the South African economy which it can bring .

223

They want Blacks to have their full say in the development African domestic and foreign policy which it could bring .

of South

however many negotiation , There are powerful forces working for voices there are and however many people there are still dissident There apartheid . clamouring for violent action out of hatred for has alliance ANC/UDF / COSATU the that comrades of bands are produced , backed as it is by the South African Communist Party , who bands uncontrollable of It is these of control . are out now younger generation South Africans who now so desperately need rolemodels in responsibility .

worse is I do not want a South Africa to emerge in which there strife Angola . than we have seen in Mocambique and Black Let leadership now get together and so behave with such that dignity violence is shamed and the energy of our new young generation is liberation , poured for into reaping the benefits of the struggle rather than destroying the benefits . everything Negotiations , like else , will show the that truth nothing succeeds like success . We are now poised to make powerful moves forward in negotiation . I invite the PAC to join me at the negotiating table . It is a South African table in fact to which history invites the PAC . I am simply saying let us be there together for the sake together afterwards .

of the

country in which we will have

to

live

origins . We should all go back to our political There we had cause . I am common We should now again have that common cause . making what really is an impassioned plea to the PAC to work with other black groups . It is not only a plea to work with Inkatha Freedom Party . It is a very much broader based plea . I make it PAC out of deep concern that unless Inkatha Freedom Party and the the lead the way in developing Black democracy based on tolerance , way ahead will be very difficult . The ANC is now flushed with its own self - acclaim and it sees itself It is the common riding a huge wave . It is on a take - over trail . denominator factor wherever there is Black - on - Black violence . More awesomely dangerous than anything else , however , is the ANC's developing tendency to assume such great self- importance that it wants to take on more than Party politics . It is preparing to take on the whole of South Africa and reduce it to submission . Party the It is ANC/UDF / COSATU and the South African Communist So joint effort which is making the violence in Natal and KwaZulu hideously virulent and keeps spreading it . Together they have an ensured that Violence has now taken a new turn . It has become anti - Zulu violence as evidenced in Sebokeng recently where not just This Inkatha members were attacked , but any Zulu they came across . for is the most dangerous latest development . It has been clear some time now that the campaign is now against Zulus as Zulus . It is yet too early to tell how Dr. shape as a Black South African leader .

Mandela is finally going He is now so hemmed in

Party political protocol and so immobilised by the need to Party political peace in intricate internal manoeuvering , would be unfair to judge

him .

to by

keep the that it

224

After his release , Dr. Mandela telephoned me and we agreed that we should meet . That meeting has not yet taken place because many of a underlings and some of his colleagues want the ANC to_adopt his to stringent go - it - alone policy . They do not want me to be Party anything

they

are

They want

doing .

to do

it

by themselves .

all

heart Dr. He did telephone me ; At Mandela is different . he did When there was want a hideous upsurge of to speak with me . violence in Pietermaritzburg as a result of ANC / UDF /COSATU attacks on Inkatha members returning from a Prayer Rally in thanksgiving for Dr. Mandela's release , Dr. Mandela wanted himself and do something together about it . It

was

at that

time ,

that Dr.

should go to Pietermaritzburg the violence erupted that

Mandela

myself to

suggested that he

to address a Joint Peace when people returning

and

I

Rally after from my

Thanksgiving Rally in Durban on the 25th of March were attacked supporters of ANC - SACP/UDF / COSATU alliance .

by

at once to go with him to Pietermaritzburg to address our I agreed Later , I heard from Dr. Dhlomo followers at the Joint Peace Rally . that this Rally was off . Dr. Dhlomo had been informed by Mr. Archie When I enquired from Dr. Mandela whether it was true that Gumede . was he he informed me that the Rally had been cancelled , Peace not to go with me to Pietermaritzburg because " there would advised He told me that Mr. Harry Gwala I was amazed . be a blood bath " . Mandela Dr. this . say his delegation had called on him to and Archie Gumede and Dr. told me that Mr. further UDF also advised him against going to address the

Diliza Mji of the with Peace Rally

me .

Dr. When Mandela spoke in Umtata later about accompanying me to trouble spots to end the violence in KwaZulu/ Natal , he told the people : " They nearly throttled me . " That is leaders of ANC and the UDF . I attach a copy had cancelled

Mandela of a press statement I released after Dr. we the arrangements which had agreed to

telephonically . I give this detail in an earnest plea for the PAC to do whatever can be done to address the real cause of violence the in KwaZulu/ Natal . It is not Inkatha Freedom Party which is the root cause of the problems which we are experiencing in eradicating the Scourge of Black - on- Black violence it is the ANC's take - over bid based on their continued tendency to resort to violence when they cannot get what they want through other means . I have repeatedly in the past said , and I again today say , that my friendship hand of is held out to the ANC and to all political which organisations . I again plead for a multi - strategy approach will enable leaders such as Dr. Mandela , Mr. Mothopeng and myself to define common cause action for all our followers in such a way that

South Africa

really

We need reconciliation ;

is put

first .

we need democracy .

things which our forebears have struggled we need for equality and progress .

Those are the two great for .

They are the things

225

make a strong appeal to the PAC to support the need for a multiI to strategy approach in which each does what each is best equipped and do in the circumstances in which each finds itself . Let history in role what particular plays who adjudicate people the Our unity establishing a government and then running the country . should be a unity which ensures that this will in the end be done .

I have tried to deal with all segments of the PAC without taking sides and mediating have tried to play a I role . was I not successful . When some of these political rifts come in Black politics ,

We

nobody can be successful .

had rifts

in the

Black Consciousness

Movement .

Steve

Biko's

Black People's Convention was a go - it - alone movement and it did not survive . BPC itself while it did exist in all its fiery passage in politics was divided with rifts between the Reef and the Eastern Botswana , between between Cape , rifts South Africa and rifts internal external and Botswana and London , and rifts between factions .

Mr Steve Biko sent messages to me while he was leader of the South Arican Students Organisation ( SASO ) and when he was President of the Black People's Convention ( BPC ) . We attended one Seminar with him at Edendale in Pietermaritzburg with the late Drake Koka . Steve Biko sent messages to me all the time and the last of these was conveyed to me by Dr Beyers Naude .

A BPC thus internally divided would not make a good negotiating was partner . It ready for take -over politics before it finally collapsed .

The PAC might now be

ready

for take - over politics .

I would like to see a strong PAC in South Africa - and independent and strong PAC . I would like to see a strong AZAPO in South Africa - an independent and strong AZAPO . And I would like to see smaller their own political Parties very strong in the domains of the constituencies . I would like to see the Parties now in in the Tricameral Parliament come forth out of White blundering South past quite capable of justifying their existence in the new Africa .

I

have

never had any problems with relating to the

" independent "

self-governing Regions of South Africa of Transkei , Bophuthatswana , Venda and Ciskei . Every one of them knows that I opposed what they the took did when they so - called independence Pretoria was offering . They know , however , my own democratic philosophy is that South Africa at large and South African history and the people of South Africa at large will be the final arbiter of whether what they did was constructive or not . I have never made it my function to attack them even though I disagreed with their decision to take independence .

226

anything do Every one of them will know also that I did not to thwart whatever mandates those governments had from the people . It was the people's prerogative in those Regions to deal with their own leaders and with what was happening between their Regions and South Africa .

selfare now in a situation in which it would appear that the we Region phase of South African history is passing and governing will have to restructure second tier levels of Government for selfwell as self- governing the " independent " governing Regions as

We

regions .

It is I Africa get to

believe now really a matter of negotiation for us and South and the people in the " independent ' self - governing Regions and decide most together to on the productive and

democratically

my In Africa .

own I

stable

and economically viable

future

relationships .

indivisibility of South I do not question the mind united one that history itself will produce believe

sovereign South Africa in which all the peoples , all ethnic groups , to have nations will emerge with one common destiny and will all united South the problems we are going to face as one with deal Africa .

When therefore I look at the future of South Africa and I look the need for a strong and viable ANC , a strong and viable PAC ,

at a

strong and viable AZAPO , and strong smaller Parties each in their own domains who can partner Inkatha Freedom Party in establishing a progress , and bring about peace , democracy stability and real I must include both parliamentary self-governing Regions .

Party groups

and the

" independent "

there are political Parties in every one of the selfImportantly , Each of them has their own right of democratic governing Regions . They must Each of them have their own constituencies . existence . firm have and made strong constituencies so that we nurtured be s . s decision consensu seek to which with mechanisms in place

Honourable Members , there are some things one sees so know , simply . You sometimes they can be stated so going however , that you are not going to be heard and you are not to be heeded .

Mr. Speaker , clearly and

so clearly that it would be politically see I crush to good Africa South of the about

thinking stupid in political existing

in constituencies without being able to service the people in them I see a danger of smashing politics as larger new constituencies . Parties mistake the distinction between smashing constituencies in constituencies because the people in them support seeking not adequately served politically .

and are

227

Mr. in the KwaZulu Government depend upon constituency support . or he which constituency a has House this of Member every Speaker , Party a is Freedom Region Every Inkatha serve . should she not do we when is It . serve should constituency which IFP members in lose representation constituencies that we will these serve

We

them .

I have seen so clearly how hideously those relying on violence have moved in and attempted to destroy KwaZulu and IFP constituencies The and IFP simply because they are KwaZulu constituencies . marauding destroying , bands are quite incapable of serving any constituency . They did not come to offer the people alternatives

and take over the constituency . They simply came constituency because they could not lead in it .

to bugger up the

the in violence the every now and again that told Then am I into moved ANC the stems from the fact that region KwaZulu/ Natal free them allow region and we resisted them and would not the political

access

to the people .

organiser there is not one ANC Honourable Members , Mr. Speaker , the length and breadth of KwaZulu/ Natal who wanted to start across a Branch and could not start an ANC Branch ever since it became a legal

organisation again .

ANC

are branches are not mushrooming all over the place and they Inkatha all over the place because it was not not mushrooming all was invading Freedom Party violence that set Natal aflame . It violence , aimed imported violence and destructive violence at actually dismantling the whole

of KwaZulu .

There are many facets of this disdain for KwaZulu and antagonism to was the political reality of KwaZulu being distinctly itself . It not produced by apartheid and one of the mechanisms attempted to undermine KwaZulu's strength in the South African political field of has been to a reduce its status to that government - created entity .

KwaZulu

was not created by the Government .

I am not beholden

to

the South African Government because it created KwaZulu and gave me am I in a political role to play . I was born to politics and KwaZulu's politics because KwaZulu demands that I am in politics . existence is a viable reality which political Parties only can ignore at their peril

When

Dr

and to South Africa's detriment .

Mandela has attempted to draw me

into him

holding

court

with leaders from self- governing regions , he has actually attempted to equate me politically with them . They are in idiom , as far as concerned , the ANC is part of apartheid that is going to be eradicated and they represent no

future

continuity of any threat .

228

Of course

one may well be very surprised before

over long .

Be that

as it may , I have correctly not responded both to suggestions by Dr Mandela that I come and hold court before him with other leaders of self -governing regions so that he can sit up there and we all sit down here . I have also correctly not responded to being summoned to Bishopscourt by Archbishop Tutu to be there at his behest and to be there where I would also be sitting amongst leaders of other selfgoverning regions on the political floor , SO to speak , while Archbishop Tutu

and Dr Mandela hold court

above us about

our role .

There will involved , KwaZulu

be no negotiations in which Inkatha Freedom Party is not and indeed , there will be no negotiations in which is not involved . The crushing of KwaZulu's claim to a

place at the negotiation table or the crushing of the to a place at the negotiation table , would be a negotiations themselves .

without Negotiations us would lead to no conclusive would certainly not lead to any kind of stability .

IFP's claim crushing of

finality and Some people

have seen my response in the KwaZulu Legislative Assembly on Monday the 8th April to the ANC's Open Letter to the State President as sabre - rattling . They see this simple statement that there will be no negotiations without the IFP as me making threats .

If ever there was sabre - rattling it was in the ANC's Open Letter to the State President . It was they who demanded and gave dire warning

of the

consequences

if their demands were

not met .

Speaker , Mr. Honourable Members , somehow we must get across this message to the whole of South Africa that KwaZulu was not created as a part of apartheid's structures . It was battered by apartheid woman , and man and subjugated by apartheid just as every black the every black township and every black region was brought under control

of apartheid .

Black was black areas and places there KwaZulu , other like In the and apartheid Black opposition to apartheid , of rejection to bit We have done our Blacks to fight apartheid . of rallying Dr that ensure done our bit to have We apartheid . eradicate were was freed from jail and that Black political Parties Mandela unbanned . We have done our bit to make for the fluidity in which we now exist .

Having done that bit , and that " bit " was actually a mountain of opposition to apartheid in comparison to the opposition of those who So have been very vociferous humiliate in to attempting KwaZulu , we are not going to be ignored as though we had no right to be at the negotiating table .

even I am always amazed at the extent to which people are blind to searing political realities at times . In the Buthelezi Commission to and the KwaZulu/ Natal Indaba and in the preceding negotiations from Joint Executive Authority , away establish a we negotiated apartheid's definition of what

KwaZulu was .

In none of these major

229

political endeavours have I ever sought a Zulu ethnic advantage . I I have always have never sought the empowerment of Zulu ethnicity . insisted that Zulus are South Africans in a South Africa in which all are totally equal and free before the law and the constitution . ideal We simply have a Zulu contribution to make to achieve that and we will make it .

turn to my fellow Honourable Members , Speaker , Mr. I must now, that and say regi gove Africa's selfons rning South in leaders is have said in the context in which I am now speaking I nothing leadership their in any way reducing their value or at directed capabilities .

genuine I have valued their have always valued their opinions ; I always have I peace . establish a democracy and to commitment will I am sure that they opposition to apartheid . their valued to find their own place in the new South Africa and I look forward . comes it when working with them in the new political dispensation

I am simply , in saying what I am saying , reacting advisedly and correctly to the very concerted effort by the ANC/ SACP/ UDF /COSATU in July last year to demolish KwaZulu entirely and to destroy me politically .

singled

for Party while the ANC and their South African Communist dismantling self-governing other leaders from with counterparts hob-knobed destroyed They wanted KwaZulu is comment enough itself . regions The

very

fact

that

it was KwaZulu which

was

out

because KwaZulu was not simply another region which would disappear when apartheid was eradicated .

done . there is a lot of hard talking now to be Speaker , Mr. Dr believe has telephoned me and has tried to persuade me to Mandela not ANC's Open Letter was directed at the State and was the that Freedom Inkatha intended as a broadside attack on my leadership , Party or KwaZulu .

I of

line just do not know how they expect me to simply swallow this down an IFP as now to sit have We reasoning . illogical

Executive to speak to the National Executive of the ANC to see what Durban . I we actually did achieve in the January 29th meeting in the KwaZulu Police Force were actually singled out in the Open and of kind The the State President for hideous attack . to Letter totally want attacks made were only made against people whom you are working you against attacks make not They annihilated . opinion of some differe some on have you whom with partners nces issues .

The kind and

attacks the on me and KwaZulu and Inkatha Freedom Party were of attacks which we have seen in ANC/SACP/UDF/ COSATU- backed praised newspapers

such as the New African and the New Nation .

230

These newspapers , like the UDF and like COSATU , came into existence from the hip at me , firing the IFP and KwaZulu without insults thinking . Buthelezi , were launched in a smash IFP , smash They They were created to destroy . smash KwaZulu mode . They imbibed the political propaganda against us that has been generated in the unwholesome political coffers of the ANC and the South African diet , Communist Party and having imbibed this rottten political these newspapers have attempted to vomit

it all

over us .

I wish to God that we could really say that there was someone the National Executive Committee of the ANC who actually did

on not

know what they were doing in wording their Open Letter to the State President in the way they did . It will take a lot of hard persuading to even begin to make start me considering this proposition with any seriousness .

The Open Letter to the State President is actually in the vein of past ANC political propaganda against me and the IFP . It is in the strain of the criticisms of the late Mr. Nobleman Nxumalo and the late Dr Francis Meli .

for Mr were My actually looking detectives lawyers ' Nobleman New York in an attempt to serve a Summons on him in for Nxumalo died when he what would have turned out to be a major libel case , of AIDS .

Honourable Members , I must conclude my Policy Speech Mr. Speaker , by saying how tragic it is to me that we have spent year this So I much of our time dealing with the kind of detracting issues that Speech . Policy this have to raise in

to serve people . in politics We are We are progress . economic establish

politics in to We are to establish in politics

are in politics to make South Africa a place where development . We apartheid we can actually proceed from political victories against to mount winning wars on poverty , ignorance and disease .

I will be saying more about the as Minister of Economic Affairs .

poverty issue in my Budget Speech Economics and politics , however ,

are the counterside of one single coin . In dealing with political issues , we must keep in mind the economic consequences of what we are talking about .

everything said have I Members , in Speaker , Honourable Mr. the mindful of been I have Policy Speech , politically my in was I decision - making . of political our importance national ANC's Open the to Letter the by incensed particularly State total a the letter was drawn up and sent with because President powerIt was ANC disregard for the well - being of South Africa . play pure

and

simple .

If the ANC is capable of debating and coming to

solemnly sitting in a National Executive ending up the conclusions and making

231

decisions they made to send the letter they drafted to the State President as an Open Letter and as an input to the politics of negotiation , how on earth will any South African be able to trust them in their decisions in Government ?

Even

responsible Municipalities would not

political ineptitude . It really power- play which obviously took producing that Open Letter will power-play in any other level of

tolerate

that

level

of

does frighten me to think that the place with factions of the ANC in continue in existence and become a Government .

There will have to be a Government which is appointed by a multiParty majority after negotiations . I suppose it is inevitable that one or another of the ANC's leaders will be given a Cabinet post in the future . How on earth we are going to relate to such a person makes comes who to us as a product from the kind of ANC which to decisions mount the armed struggle as the primary means of bringing about liberation when all the world knew , and when it is now proven , that they were wasting millions upon millions and wasting thousands upon thousands of lives in a futile What kind of decision- making

quality

is

there

of rands effort .

in the ANC?

When the ANC in all its self- imposed international spleandour made about decisions applying sanctions against South Africa and hideously isolating economically , So South Africa they did believing actually not that we in this country mistaken , could produce the circumstances without them in which Dr Mandela would be released and the ANC would be unbanned .

The

ANC

National

We

have

seen again and • again

in an attempt to rule , they were economically pass any judgement on leader or the Party in this

not been a people's Party elected by the people and

in Africa how such Parties come

home

only to find that they made politics while to illiterate . It is extremely difficult the any particular African country and say power should have done so and so to avoid

or that .

All know is that we are not going to wars , civil the stresses and strains which followed exiled Parties other parts of Africa .

Mr.

its

Executive has made blunder after blunder in

exile decision - making because it has just rooted in the people with leaders who are answerable to the people .

Speaker ,

the subject South Africa to and the economic destitution

returning home to

form governments

I would like every Member of the KwaZulu

in

Legislative

my Assembly to bear the politics in mind I have been discussing in Policy Speech when they think of anything else related to any other Mr. Speaker , I would also like all Members , Minister's Portfolio . s r politic or whenever , think cs of wheneve they to think of economi they think of anything to do with any Minister's Portfolio .

232

Economics and politics will mould the cups which my Ministers will attempt to make run over for the people of this region . We are not We defeatists . We do work for cups that will eventually run over . may yet succeed because we are realists with our on feet the ground , tackling the issues as we see them and grappling with realities of the problems which we face .

the

help to going to have an absolutely crucial role to play are We It is a matter of grave concern Africa's cups to run over . South to me , however, that the role we have been playing and the role we of now play is just not recognised for what it is in so many parts and Everywhere there is a proneness to over- simplify the world . simply metaphorically to close eyes or look the other way and just fix will Government ANC and the South African the that assume things in South Africa .

The There is also an international phobia of over- simplification . complexities and the realities of the South African situation worry people and distract them and they are just pushed out of the way in favour of shorthand thought or stylised thinking or stereo - typical reflex reactions

to what

is happening here .

Mr Speaker , Honourable Members , I would like to give an example of the kind of thing I am talking about . year an Each updated version of the highly respected book " Africa : South of the Sahara " is published . It contains a phenomenal collection of information updated annually on the country's of Africa , brief resumes of past histories , structure of governments , the and important policies economic

and demographic

facts .

fullis authoritative and there are editors who have a retime team of researchers who keep updating the volume which is hip d lars ence , all , all this scho each year . All this emin publishe section the work and yet look what is written in on hard this Speaking about the Swaziland / Ingwavuma debacle and the Swaziland . the of land to Swaziland by the South African Government , promise was not land the section speculates about why this of editor He writes : transferred to Swaziland .

It

really

" One possible reason , suggested at the time , was the anger of the South African Minister of Foreign Affairs , Roelf [ ' Pik ' ] Botha , at the dismissal of his Swazi ' allies ' Richard Dlamini and Sishayi Nxumalo . In addition , Pretoria had begun to encounter its new serious constitutional opposition to the proposals , and the issue may have been deferred to avoid risk of alienating conservative political groups . Another theory is that the South Africans never intended to implement the ' deal ' and that it was only a ruse to persuade the Swazi Government to turn against the ANC . Once that had been the achieved , could be dropped . issue Despite occasional statements by Swazi politicians that the ' deal ' is still on the negotiating table , the reality is that Swaziland appears to misled : have been following the dissolution of the of Commission Enquiry , Botha ' Pik ' asserted that the

233

' homelands ' in question would never be transferred without the consent of the KaNgwane and the Ingwavuma people .

then And Swaziland

for a lengthy section , is dealt with .

the harassment

of

the

ANC

in

Not a single word about KwaZulu's treatment of the subject . No mention that it was the court case we won against the South African Government which the Government took to appeal and lost there as Ingwavuma The overwell , that put debacle . an end to the simplistic speculation in terms of the kind of things one could either hear from rumour or suck out of one's thumb .

Mr

Speaker ,

inadequate to sounds

Members , this Honourable to I refer hopelessly it treatment of a vital issue because as astounding as of us , is typical of much that goes by it the name

analytical writing about South Africa .

already I have referred International Commission

to of

the cavalier way Jurists distorted

in which realities

the in

KwaZulu/ Natal in favour of the ANC and its allies , and blamed us in the KwaZulu Government and Inkatha Freedom Party for the hideous killings

that have

been taking place .

Mr.

Speaker , this year in February , the Foreign Affairs Committee House Policy of the of Commons London published its report "UK of the Mr. Region " . towards South Africa and the other States Speaker , allow me to take members is contained in this Report .

through some

of the thinking that

and a very a brief very introduction brief resume of Britain's role in Southern Africa , the Report opens in Chapter III " Prospects for Political and Economic Change in South Africa " and under the sub-heading " The Peace Process " the report discusses

After

events in recent politics . Allow me to go through this Chapter , Mr Speaker , and tell you what it says about Inkatha Freedom Party and KwaZulu .

It says that KwaZulu is one of six self - governing homelands which have their origin in the Bantu Authorities Act of 1951 and it says however , by that the period since February 1990 " has been marred , between the escalating violence , often supporters of ANC and supporters of Inkatha Freedom Party of Chief Mangosuthu Buthelezi . " overwhelmingly were It says that " The victims of the violence INkatha ; not supporters of the United Democratic Front [ UDF ] and and that Inkatha attacks " frequently take place either in the gaze KwaZulu Police [ KP ] or of Chief Buthelezi's the South African Police [ SAP ] or , as in some documented cases , with their active participation . " It also says : " ... Inkatha is widely recognised to be a Zulu organisation , and the ANC is said to include of people from the Xhosa tribe . "

overwhelmingly a proponderous

234

In the same Chapter under economic dilemmas and in the same chapter under the heading " Policies for Economic Change " there is not one mention of the IFP or KwaZulu .

This

Foreign Affairs

Committee

Mr.

Report ,

Speake , Honour r able Members , in reviewing events since the State President's historical address February 1990 , to Parliament in says only this about us that I have just mentioned . We are a nobody in the treatment of the subject matter . It is simply a matter of the South African Government and the ANC as far as the Foreign Affairs Committee is concerned .

In

dealing

with the

Policy Options "

In the Report

question

of sanctions

Inkatha Freedom Party

is

in a

not

chapter

" The

UK's

even mentioned .

same chapter dealing with the question of political aid , the says , inter alia , " Material support is very badly required . of those now involved in the debates on the future of South

Many Africa were until recently imprisoned , exiled , or fugitives . Their organisations were banned and unable to establish the offices which any party needs to operate effectively . "

Mr

Speaker ,

Honourable Members ,

the House of Commons Commission members list the people they saw in their Southern African trip and under the heading South Africa , November 3rd - 9th , they saw Sir Robin Renwick British Ambassador and Mr PJ Sullivan the British Rensburg , Consul in Cape Town ; they saw Basil van Dr Stuart Saunders , Mr Franklin Sonn , Mr Jan Steyn , Ms Christine Glover , Mr Kobus Meiring , Dr Mosala of AZAPO , Mr Ngcuka and Mr September of the ANC , Mr Barney Desai of the PAC , Professor Gagiano , Professor Hennie Kotze , Professor Herman Giliomee , Professor David Welsh , Mr Kurt von Schirnding , Mr John Doble , Dr Treurnicht and Mr Barnard of Party , the Conservative Charlton , Professor Robert Mrs Helen Mr Bill Radford , Suzman , Mrs Ina Perlman , Mr Bennie Alexander of the Dr Mike Rosholt , PAC , Ms Bernstein , Mr van Coller and Mr Pretorius of the Urban Foundation , Mr J Naidoo of COSATU , Mr Basil Hersov , Finance Minister Mr Barend du Plessis , the State President Mr de Klerk , the Minister of Constitutional Development Dr Viljoen , the Minister of Foreign Affairs Mr Pik Botha , Mr Thabo Mbeki of the ANC and then on the 9th November they saw our Minister without Portfolio Dr FT Mdlalose and Dr Gavin Woods and then went on to see Dr Oscar Dhlomo and Mr Archie Gumede , Mr Nigel Clayton , Professor Herbert Vilakazi , Professor Piet Booysen , Professor Colin Webb and Mr Nelson Mandela .

They only November .

had

an informal

meeting with me

They saw no IFP people until the day of their official fact - gathering .

How many of the people they saw , Mr. Speaker , positive things about the IFP and KwaZulu as politics

of negotiation ?

What

impressions

on Thursday 9th November ,

the the

15th last

I ask would have said in the major actors

would they have

received

235

from the list of people I have just read out to you? Quite clearly they left us to the last and saw us simply so that they could say saw they us and never took very anything we said seriously .

Honourable Members , history must eventually decide who Mr Speaker , to I want here simply did what with what effect in South Africa . not did on record that the British Foreign Affairs Committee place and account into did not take what we said we said , what hear presented a Report which discounts us as totally unimportant .

Allow me ,

Mr Speaker ,

to read to the House what our submission to Commission was :

the British Foreign Affairs

STATEMENT TO THE FOREIGN AFFAIRS COMMITTEE , HOUSE OF COMMONS , LONDON

Buthelezi By Mangosuthu Chief Minister of KwaZulu , South Africa and President Inkatha Freedom Party 14TH NOVEMBER

POLITICAL PARTIES

IN A FUTURE

1990

SOUTH AFRICA

historically South Africa has been thrust into an unprecedented situation of fluidity . It has been cut off from the politics of There can over three quarters of a century of minority White rule . no of dictatorial be going back to apartheid or any other form minority political

control .

South Africa has been thrust into unchartered waters in an entirely new political era and it is of vital concern to isolate the forces at play which will

It

is

important

finally determine

its

destiny .

for the world to understand that

political

Parties

no one Party and happens

in South Africa provide powerful forces for change but capable of taking total control to determine what is when it happens . Inkatha Freedom Party Inkatha

Freedom

Party

has

never

aspired

to

be

a

monolithic

its From the very beginning of force in South Africa . political general the on based e unity political existenc , it has sought Black totally It was of a multi - strategy approach because . acceptance of any highly centralised political force which either distrustful like minority the National Party could attempt to dictate through to attempt or like Frelimo or the MPLA political control , Party dictate through being the

only Party

in a one - Party State .

centre - stage Inkatha Freedom Party has therefore always adopted a position where political alliances would be formed if ever they were going to be formed . It also adopted tactics and strategies which sought to establish a multi - Party democracy to escape from

236

hideous

apartheid

inherent

in one - Party States .

Inkatha itself

control

and to avoid the

dictatorial

politics

Freedom Party has therefore never attempted to as a dictatorial political force in South Africa .

establish It has

always worked for a situation in which there would be devolution of power from the top downwards and from the centre outwards to which the kind of checks and balances would curb any provide excesses

in the

The National

role

of central

government .

Party

The ruling National Party has abandoned arbiter of what can and cannot take place cannot dictate to South Africa because which it could do so - white society - is so divided that

it

can no

longer be

.

relied

the attempts to be sole It has realised that it the political base from not strong enough . It is on .

There is a groundswell demand among Whites for abandoning apartheid and the normalisation of South Africa as a modern democracy in the country . The demand is quite the clear that

formulated majority

in multi - racial Whites of do

terms and want not

it is the

perpetuation of apartheid .

With its traditional support base eroded by internal divisions and with two National Party was faced the interest , conflicts of which the either had to adopt a military option in It options . security forces became the de facto government in a Ian Smith like or last stand against the advancing Black nationalism it produced , to escape to adopt a liberal approach in which it sought had it from total

reliance

on the Whites - only electorate .

a Klerk's address to Parliament on February 2nd was de the marked in South Africa's political development and scrapped Apartheid measures are being of the apartheid era . end distinguishing is no doubt at all that all legislation there and between the rights of people on the basis of colour of skin will be removed from the Statute Books .

F.W. Mr. milestone

It

is in the process

can broaden

of doing this

its political

support

that the ruling National Party This is what it is doing .

base .

In doing this , however , it will have to become dependent upon other Clearly , political groupings . the National Party is not a force capable of going into the future on its own and it is not a force strong enough and coherent enough to dictate events . informal It is quite clearly going to have to form formal and in political alliances by developing a South African common cause majority the kind of democracy that the of the the pursuit of Its limitations are going to people in South Africa will support . ensure that it seeks democratic alternatives .

The African National Congress The Party . It ANC shares many characteristics with the National too - like the National Party - sought to become the sole arbiter would what South Africa would be like and where it go . of It projected itself as take power , and

a government decades for

in exile waiting to return home envisaged doing it it SO

to by

237

establishing

itself

as

the Government

in a

one -Party

Socialist

State .

Like that

the National Party , the ANC is having to adjust to the fact always it is not a monolithic power and the support base it

claimed as

its own ,

is patently divided .

There are a number of reasons for this . The first is that the ANC and made analytical errors of judgement of the kind that Frelimo MPLA made before them . The notion that exiled political Parties relying on military action to become a government has been broken history by all South Africans now know that the cause of events which the ANC set in motion , can only lead to a situation in South Africa worse by far than it

ever was

in Mocambique

and Angola .

to itself a also made the tactical error of committing ANC The cal ideologi t based Socialis ing develop a and future Socialist it will Clearly , like the National Party , approach to politics . And positions . abandon its previously held ideological to have a again like the National Party as it does so it will have to seek to seeking by so do have to will it and support base broader informal and itself as a force in a network of formal establish alliances . Like the National Party , the ANC has no prospects of dictatorial political force capable of being a sole political and constitutional matters . The

Pan - Africanist

becoming arbiter

a in

Congress

PAC The represents a puritanical - type African national call South Africa as a part of Africa to be controlled by Africans

for for

Africans . As such , the basis of its appeal rejects Whites , Indians and Coloureds as groups and rejects them in practise as members of the The

PAC in large PAC's

call

numbers . for the kind of puritanical

Black

nationalism

in

politics is also rejected by the majority of Blacks in the country . It never has had and never will have the base on which to mount a serious attempt to establish itself as the sole arbiter of what going to happen and what is not going to happen .

is

The remaining political groups The UDF · the National Forum , , AZAPO , all the parliamentary Parties National Party , other than the the Parties self-governing in regions - other than Inkatha Freedom Party and the Parties in the so -called independent states of Transkei , Bophuthatswana , Venda and - have always been minority politica Ciskei l groupings which have never had any prospects of becoming a dominant political player , let alone a sole arbiter of what can and cannot happen . NON - PARTY POLITICAL FORCES of the South African situation have generally tended Observers to And at the future being decided by Party political contest . look to assess they have sought within the scope of the above , even Parties to political other the -do political Party will out which its form a government and to give South Africa as a whole finally own political idiom .

238

This is inherent in the way in which the world sees Mr. de Klerk and Dr. Nelson Mandela deciding the future of South Africa between This them . amounts to a projection into the future based on past of ANC strengths the National Party and the as though those strengths are going to remain intact and politically as powerful in the future

as they have

been

in the

past .

It is important to note in this respect that however much Mr. de Klerk able sees the need to project an image of being willing and aspire deal with not to to the ANC , he and his Cabinet do a National It

is

polar on the ranged taking

Party/African National only the ANC which

is

Congress

settlement .

attempting to make

negotiations

bi-

with itself on one side of the table and the National Party other side of the table , with all the other political forces behind one or the other of them . In this regard , the ANC is on virtually the rest of political South Africa .

in adopting this position the ANC is making importantly , More importance error of again ignoring the fundamental strategic non- Party political The present

fluidity

factors

the of

in South African politics .

in South African politics

not The fluidity that is universally recognised as being there was produced by any political Party . Mr. de Klerk's watershed February 2nd address to Parliament and the National Party's re -arrangement of its priorities and objectives , was dictated by South Africa at large . In doing what he did on the 2nd February and thereafter Mr. de Klerk is opting for a survival course by being politically courageous enough to take on the management of the risk that is involved for the National Party in liberalising its political position . His boldness and courage must be emphasised . But it is the South African situation which has called for this boldness which needs to be brought

into

focus .

The whole of institutionalised South Africa has been moving against multi - Party era . apartheid and preparing for a post - apartheid Afrikaners themselves , having always provided the core strength to the National Party , have for some years now been deeply divided each other , amongst both about the question of wherein lies the protection of Afrikaner vested interests , and wherein lies the and protection of the vested interests of individual Afrikaners the groups of Afrikaners who have been drawn into positions where ruling National Party is not able to guarantee their vested interests .

The National Party came into power on a ticket of promoting well -being and Afrikaners . the influence of Afrikaners as

the It the

mobilised Afrikanerdom and eventually succeeded in taking over powers of the State and of re -writing the State to suit Afrikaner vested interests . In doing so , it has generated powerful forces in Afrikanerdom demanding the protection of their vested interests as they developed . Now that the National Party is no longer capable of doing so , primarily because it is incapable of forcing apartheid on the majority of Blacks who reject it , and because it has been incapable of harmonising economics and politics in its apartheid rule , Afrikaners are seeking protection elsewhere than in the National

Party

itself .

239

the authoritarian nature of Afrikaner society past , the In made to a combination of State and Broederbond forces ensure possible influential all to were selected Afrikaners "right " the that whether it was universities Whether it was the State , positions . puritanical groups , cultural and was sports it or whether s Afrikanerdom provided incumbents for important position . As

South

Africa

developed

- and particularly

as

South

Africa

developed economically - the powerful clash between politics and economics dated apartheid as a system within which vested interests could be protected . Afrikaners began adopting upper middle class role models and began Americans their as adopting universally attitudes into acceptable and values to enable them to the fit wider modern world on which South Africa has

actually depended .

The changing vested interests of Afrikanerdom broke Afrikanerdom's power and the power of the State to dictate the institutional life of South Africa .

All organised mining , commercial , banking and industrial interests long been working to establish the basis of a new multi - Party have democracy equality for all because captains of and industry and entrepreneurs clearly saw that was the only way preserve their vested interests .

in which they could

Big business is powerful and even in its sponsorship role alone , it Africa . is influential in the rest of institutionalised South Educational institutions developed dissenting intellectuals who rejected the apartheid basis of South African society and developed to a student populations which ranged from modern liberal modern radical

in their rejection of apartheid .

of Religious institutions for decades have been in the forefront demand the for a democratic South Africa and as Afrikanerdom's monolithic power was eroded by modernisation , their calls received ever wider legitimacy

in institutionalised

South Africa .

Institutionalised sport has long been demanding meaningful change cultural away from apartheid and together with South Africa's institutions , provide the whole sub - strata of thinking and feeling amongst ordinary people who saw the validity of the campaigns in religious institutions to bring about change and endorsed the kind changes of at the work place that economic institutions were developing . THE NEED FOR RECONCILIATION The can

argument is correct dictate the future

that that there is no one political Party major the even of South Africa and that

political Parties such as Inkatha Freedom Party , the National Party and African National Congress will have to seek alliances the to on premium a places This contention . political in remain interests common political relationships and defining normalising developing common cause in the pursuit of objectives which can and be pursued together by alliance partners . The great racial divide in politics will clearly have to be broken . This Party , is clearly seen by the fact that Inkatha Freedom the National Party and the ANC are all multi - racial of course the

240

National Party will remain dominantly White and the Inkatha Freedom dominantly remain Party the African National Congress will and support Black . seek But all political Parties will now have to across colour lines if they are going to remain contenders for the right to participate

in the

formation of governments with others .

THE AFTERMATH OF APARTHEID While

all

political

forces

be

are going to

re- shaped

by

the

powerful social and economic institutional forces at work in South African society , demanding that and while these forces are political Parties seek reconciliation with each other and form a multi - Party democracy which will be race - free , there are threats to in the successful outcome of this broad - based movement South Africa . The White

Although society ,

fear

factor

fear

works

it

is there

entirely in both

differently

and will

have

in

to be

black

and

white

dealt with .

has for generations been drumming the notion that Blacks Apartheid rior to Whites and are incapable of looking after their own are infe of alone after the interests looking let interests , modern a racism This basic South like has to appeal country Africa . developed but powerful rational an altogether fear of Black majoritarian rule . There make

is a substantial minority of Whites who are quite prepared to a a last -ditch stand against reform and the development of

multi - racial democracy because they see death as preferable to the majority Black kind of life they imagine they would live under a government .

Whether that minority grows or whether it can be reduced upon how black political

in size in size

leaders

and becomes truly problematic , and made peripheral , depends

define

Black political

intentions .

Black leaders who ignore the White fear factor and refuse to accept the need for minority group protection , are fanning the flames of right white -wing fear and are a threat to negotiations getting off the ground , let alone a threat to the establishment of a democracy . there Unless is reconciliation now between race groups as we set about finally removing establishing apartheid and set about a democracy , there will be no democracy . All institutional forces at work will only be effective if society is kept relatively intact and sufficiently normalised avoid large - scale political violence . South Africa's right wing minority could become a real problem if drawing large numbers of Whites into began it it . White South Africans are military trained . They occupy strategic positions both in the public and the private sector . They are highly mobile and they have very effective channels of communication . They also control impressive transportation facilities . If they went to war against negotiations , or if they went to war if against a newly established multi - Party democracy , they would take politics outside the spheres of influence of South Africa's institutionalised life .

241

Fear

as

leaders The

an

aftermath of apartheid

in South Africa

Black fear

is a

can only avoid

at

factor

which

political

their peril .

factor

racism has bred Black nationalism and it has bred a far left White the Among the Black nationalists and among political radicalism . For generations Blacks have the fear factor is at work . radicals They seen White political arrogance and White political brutality . South have seen this arrogance and brutality in institutionalised Africa and for some of them it has become synonymous with the whole in nature of South African society and the free enterprise system it . There

minorities in the Black nationalists camp are and the in radical left camps who so distrust Whites and who so fear the power with which white society usurps democracy and justice , that they want the kind powerful of Black political victories which subjugates white society . There is still even today attempts made to popularise the slogan ' One settler , one bullet .

being

White politics which ignores Black fear courts awesome consequences for South Africa . If Black fears were ignored and if political developments took place which led to the circumstances in which Blacks found themselves governed the way they were not willing to would be governed , it be possible for Black radicalism to the destabilise society sufficiently to annul institutionalised of demand in South Africa for reconciliation and the normalisation political

relationships .

The aftermath

of poverty

Apartheid has left vast poverty in its wake and has left a racial as divide the great divide between the haves and the have - nots . There are vast backlogs in everything essential to Black life . The huge backlogs that have been created by preferential government spending to favour Whites , will have to be overcome if a political for settlement achieved through negotiations is given meaning ordinary black people . Everywhere in the third World and in Africa spreading mass poverty has become the mortal enemy of democracy . No future South African survive if it does not preside over the Government will rolling back of Black poverty to the extent that ordinary people perceive and increasing that they are increasing their standards of living , prospects their South of Occupying positions in all walks of African life .

The new generation

in South Africa

whole known never A new generation of Black South Africans have anything other than politics dominated by violence . They have known the violence with which apartheid had in the end been forced on Blacks by Draconian government measures . They have known the produced ; street corner violence that poverty and political anger they have been subjected to barrages of political propaganda need proclaiming the justification of the armed struggle and the for the development of a people's army .

242

Teenagers , to courts out carry necklacing .

have sat in street corner and children even , kangeroo pass life and death sentences over adults and then to stoning through the hideous method of executions and

know Those who have not themselves been involved in such activity , forces those who have and have been subjected to socialisation which attempt to make this kind of behaviour justifiable and normal .

There is a whole new generation which will have to be democratic values .

inducted

into

INKATHA FREEDOM PARTY'S APPROACH TO RECONCILIATION

South Institutionalised kind Africa has been working for the of which South Africa wants and the whole world hoping is democracy The majority of Blacks and the majority of Whites want the for us . modern , Western-type , of South Africa as a normalisation multiParty ,

industrial

democracy .

Inkatha Freedom Party is totally convinced that common cause can be developed which will draw Black and White together in the pursuit of salvaging the best that there is in South Africa , while we jettison apartheid

and the worst

that

there

is .

Africa . There is a great deal that is worth saving in South It must tremendous be noted that South Africa has tremendous advantages over every country in the Third World . Nowhere in all Africa has there been a press as free as the South African press has been despite the unwarranted and unnecessary media control various South African Governments have exercised over it .

that

in in Africa is there a better legal system than there is Nowhere Nowhere Nowhere is there a better banking system . South Africa . Africa . South in churches more free than they are here the are open - minded in Africa have universities been as liberally Nowhere South in are and to produce radical campuses as there free as Africa South the British bequeathed to hideous colonialism was , However racism has the makings of a fine educational system once Africa It bequeathed the kind of Civil Service eradicated from it . been which is unequalled in the whole of Africa in its integrity and its is to the kind of parliamentary democratic control that adherence exercised over it . INKATHA FREEDOM PARTY'S APPROACH TO NEGOTIATIONS an Inkatha Freedom Party is adamant that negotiations must become instrument of reconciliation . There is so much to salvage in South common we Africa that can negotiate towards the definition of cause . We will only do so , however , if we tackle the fear question boldly and accept that apartheid is so doomed that we do not need the political adventurism or any form of extremism to strengthen fight

for democratic

ideals .

Freedom Party therefore Inkatha politics avoid winner - takes - all

argues that South and negotiations

should Africa be not should

243

turned

into

arenas

where all - or - nothing

are

battles

political

fought . ANC- authored We therefore reject the fundamental provisions of the Harare Declaration . It argues that the call for a Constituent Assembly will have disastrous consequences in South African politics if it is made with any kind of strength . Nothing could be more designed to produce a violent white right - wing backlash than the prospects of a South African Government handing over power to a Constituent Assembly we know not what , to produce a constitution we know not what .

What have

machinery we use to finally formulate a new constitution and democratically it ratified will have to be negotiated .

Inkatha Freedom Party is quite clear in its thinking that elections should not be held before negotiations have run their course and negotiating the can Parties go to the electorate for a final endorsement of that which has been negotiated . The

notion

of

a

Constituent Assembly

contains

the

notion

of

political struggles to establish the right of existing Parties with their existing policies to form a government . Negotiations in South Africa must be transformational for political Parties . We must with

void trials of strength until we produce the new constitution all its checks and balances and all the built in assurances

that there will never be Inkatha

Freedom

another dictatorship

in South Africa .

Party envisages that negotiations will

be

turned

into a political process in which opposition politics and political alliances demand that the South African Government legislates the negotiated agreements This

avoids

into position as they are

winner-takes - all

politics

and

reached .

avoids

forcing

South

Africans , both Black and White , to agree to leap into some kind of constitutional and political abyss . Black Apartheid is so doomed and there is so much that South Africans could discover in common cause , that the politics of negotiation should provide them with the opportunity There

is a

experience which was apartheid .

of doing

just

this .

South African way forward born out of the South African finding common ground in opposition to apartheid of finding adherents of significant even in the lives of the It

is the past

search for common cause which is making

possible the kind of transition that Mr. de Klerk so correctly says advocating can be introduced . The changes which Mr. de Klerk is e ar changes which rationalise life for a great many South Africans which has across all colour lines . The idiom of that change , considerable political driving power , is an idiom in which people are trying to salvage the best they jettison the worst .

that there

is

in South Africa ,

while

Commission This was so clearly shown in work that the Buthelezi did . The Commission was called into being in 1979/80 to look at alternates to apartheid in the KwaZulu/ Natal region of South Africa . The Commission did this within a total contextual view of South for Africa and found that common cause could be established to alternatives apartheid among people drawn from every walk of life and from every race group

in the country .

244

Indeed ,

the

Commission's work will yet be picked up by

Buthelezi

political developments and shown to be a remarkable to remarkable findings , some of which are actually

enquiry leading timeless .

The ability of Black , White , Indian and Coloured to get together from different political camps to find common cause thinking in about the future was further demonstrated in the work the of KwaZulu/ Natal Indaba . Indaba is a Zulu word for Conference . Here people representing all look to for a formula KwaZulu/ Natal .

racial groups in South Africa sat together for a Joint Legislature for the region of

They sat

together

for about nine months .

to send were invited Parties political all People of in declined The ruling Party- the National Party , representatives . instead they sent official but representatives send in to ' observers ' . In any event these ' observers ' did participate anyway The African National Congress , although still in the discussions . time was , of exile Buthelezi the case the at as in the in Commission , representatives invited . send not did They also ' the because they were at the time still committed to ostensibly armed struggle '

rather than negotiations .

The KwaZulu/ Natal Indaba did not claim to be an attempt to find a blue - print South Africa , for but it was a regional experiment . There was no voting and decisions were reached by consensus . It interesting that they did produce proposals for a bi - cameral legislature for the region of KwaZulu/ Natal . There would be voting on the basis of one - person - one - vote for members of the big Chamber . There would also be representation on a proportionate basis . There would be equal numbers of people elected on the basis of their Chamber , cultural background for the Second whether this be Afrikaner , English , Asian , African or the fifth category of just a South African cultural group for those who felt they did not fall into the other Empirical Indaba which

four

categories .

This was a

compromise

formula .

surveys

which were conducted showed support for the spectrum proposals from people right across the political included even people who supported the ruling National Party

and those who supported the United

Democratic

Front

and the ANC .

Inkatha Freedom Party maintains that unless it is recognised by all the major Parties that only putting the good of the State before the good of the Party will bring about the democracy South Africa really wants . Inkatha

Freedom

Party

is

aware

that

this

unique

historic

and of moving away from racism to establish a genuine opportunity development economic democracy leading to multi - Party effective which salvages people from poverty , ignorance and disease will only will We must bring about the kind of changes that but come once . stand the test

of time

and we must do

it

right the

first

time .

and it coercion rejects the politics of Party Freedom Inkatha South of adamantly any need for the continued isolation rejects and the continued application of economic sanctions against Africa South Africa . African politics . We Threat must be removed from South must balance the removal of the threat from the State with the removal wrong of threat from Black politics . It is for the African

245

National final

Congress to continue

assurance

that

relying on violence

change will

reconciliation

at the

as a

be beneficial .

The community international should call on the Umkhonto we Sizwe , its liberation army they say . continuing from its present practise of to revolutionary army and to train people in the art it talks

in politics

negotiating

to disband ANC It should desist recruit for a of killing while

table .

IN SUMMARY Inkatha Freedom Party has TASK

I.

establish То ity , rtun oppo safeguards

TASK

2.

То

set

itself

an open , reconciled

for all

four great

tasks .

free , non- racial , with society

These are : equality democratic

people .

harness the great

resources

of the country

to

fight

namely : poverty , hunger , the real enemies of the people , insecurity , disease , ignorance , unemployment , homelessness and moral decay . TASK 3 .

the country for of the wealth the re -distribute То and political of all people , and to establish benefit structures that encourage enterprise and create economic s of the future will need . the wealth all government

TASK 4 .

society To ensure the maintenance of a stable , peaceful happiness , people can pursue their in which all and realise their potential ,

without

fear or

favour .

--O

Mr Honourable Members , Speaker , in our evidence to the Foreign Committee which I have just read , Affairs we stressed that there are dangers in simplistically seeing the South Africa question being dealt with by Mr de Klerk and Dr Mandela . We pointed out that the simplistic view makes the assumption that the historical strength of the National Party and the projected ANC be will through negotiations and into the future . It discounts the rest of South Africa . It discounts the non- Party causal political factors at work bringing about reform that no Party directs . It discounts that South African history is actually moving and that there is a vast South African institutionalised people's adjustment All this is ignored world and the looks taking place . simplistically at what the ANC says it is , what the ANC says it is doing , what the ANC says its motivation is and what the ANC says it is going to achieve in future politics .

It was Mr. Speaker , gratifying to find out that there are Heads of State in Europe who do keep a watching brief on my leadership and on the IFP . It is gratifying to know that they know that the kind that we have just seen in the Foreign of misassessments Foreign Affairs Committee House of Commons Report are just that - misassessments .

Whenever Kohl

I have the opportunity to do so ,

and Mr.

Jacques

Chirac either as

I see Chancellor Helmut

Prime Minister or as Mayor of

246

Paris . Whenever I have the opportunity of doing so while in Europe found them informed and I am always pleased to I have from hear them at

Mr.

first

Jacques

hand

about

Chirac

their genuine

recently wrote

interest

to offer me

in South Africa .

his best

and

wishes

congratulations on the IFP/ANC meeting on January 29th . I am sure he will learn with deep consternation of the difficulties that the ANC has now thrown up to put the agreements and accords we reached in jeopardy . The letter from Mr. Chirac reads as follows :

Dear Mr President ,

I take the opportunity of to country the visit your of " Directeur Cabinet " Mr Michel Roussin , de to express to you faithful and friendly salutations .

my my

The " Commander Staff " that you have so kindly given to me , has been placed in my office in a prominent position to remind me of our cordial meetings . At

a time when South Africa

is

engaged

in a

process

of dismantling

apartheid , I sincerely wish a reconciliation amongst communities regard to their individual identities and human rights . I would like to pay hommage to peace for in South Africa . meeting with Mr.

Like

you

Mandela ,

I believe

that you have

Deputy President

that

started

the ceaseless efforts that you A brilliant example has been

it

in

make your

of the ANC .

is urgent to go on with

the

dialogue

in order to stop the violence .

In that way your country will be on line with Democratic Movements values across the great African continent , which will confirm the of liberty ,

dignity

and tolerance

for which you are

striving .

Sincerely yours ,

J CHIRAC

Chancellor

Kohl

wrote

South African politics

supportively

of the

role

and also expressed his hope

I

am

playing

in

that the January

29 meeting between the IFP and the ANC would provide the foundation for lasting peace and reconciliation . He too will learn of the thrown up which difficulties the ANC has to jeopardise the the achievements of 29th January meeting with a great deal of consternation . The

letter addressed

to me

from Chancellor Kohl

reads

as

follows :

247

Translation of a letter from the Federal Chancellor , Federal Republic of Germany

Bonn , Dr Mangosuthu Buthelezi President of the Inkatha Ulundi Dear Mr

March

1991

Freedom Party

President ,

your Thank you very much for your letter of 19 December 1990 with congratulations on my taking office as the first Chancellor of the united Germany ,

and for your very kind appreciation of my work .

of the domestic situation in s of readines the l of view sceptica somewhat your and Africa South leading political groups in your country to accept the principle of I believe that no stone should be co-operation with equal rights . to Africans South all persuade to efforts in unturned left have a future system of co - operation in which all in participate I

read with concern your assessment

equal

rights .

South Africa progress made towards a non - racial The significant already President de Klerk assumed office has in my opinion since all created favourable conditions for the peaceful co - existence of The President's announcement South Africans enjoying equal rights . the opening of Parliament in February that further cornerstones enhanced apartheid legislation were soon to be removed further of these conditions .

My government still holds work together to build a

that all politically relevant groups must and united , democratic South Africa to

draw up its new constitution . We are committed to a pluralistic and consistently order in South Africa and have opposed democratic individual

parties '

monopolistic

aspirations .

bloody It is with regret and deep concern that I have followed the confrontations which have taken place in recent years in Natal and in the Johannesburg area between members of the black majority . These confrontations have claimed the lives of thousands of innocent South Africans . I am therefore all the more gratified that you and the Vice - President of the ANC , Nelson Mandela , have called upon your supporters to abandon acts of violence . I hope that your meeting of 29 January provided the foundation for a the lasting reconciliation of the various groupings within black population of South Africa . Africa , With regard to the future political structure of South I hope that negotiations on the constitution will commence soon . An All - Party Conference may be an important step on the way towards a new democratic constitution for South Africa .

As you know , at the meeting of the European Council in Rome on 14 and 15 December last year the heads of state and government of the European their great interest in the Community reaffirmed continuation of the progress of democratic change in South Africa . On behalf of my government , I should like to assure you that we in together with our European partners will continue to do all

248

our power to promote the peaceful non- racial South Africa .

democratic

and

sincerely ,

Yours ( Sgd . )

Mr. have

transition to a

HELMUT KOHL

Honourable Members , in my Policy Speech this year I Speaker , focused on current day politics and made assessments of other

political actors in the field and of the prospects of the of negotiation now actually getting off the ground .

politics

In this respect , I only want to add that in my meeting with the Honourable the State President and leaders of parliamentary political Parties and leaders of other self - governing regions at which the country's four Provincial Administrators were present , I took a firm stand on the need for action now for negotiation and peace .

that It is I believe as a result of this meeting the State have President has called for a Summit Conference on violence . I always argued that it is the Parties which are directly involved in violence and in attempts to bring about peace which should meet .

declare and I applaud the State President's announcement intention to do everything I can to make the Summit Conference violence a resounding success .

the hope in this express I to his agreement that stick

my on

will Mandela Nelson regard that Dr. should I and the State President he ,

now meet as a matter of some urgency to talk about rising levels Such talks would help pave the way in South Africa . violence than Conference on violence more successful make Summit the would otherwise be .

of to it

Dr. and proposed , We have The ball is now in the ANC's court . that there should be another IFP/ANC Summit Mandela has accepted , respond should we that and have agreed between us we meeting to the initiative of the State President in calling for positively We are now only waiting on Dr. a meeting between the three of us . should to honour his side of the verbal agreement that we Mandela with hold an IFP /ANC Summit meeting and that he and I should meet . Presiden State the t Honourable Mr. Members , Speaker , I believe that all political Parties becoming in South Africa have too much to lose by not involved in the politics of negotiation . Some of them will play hard to get , but I believe in the end they will all be there . Ir the end , there will be the kind of adjustments and the kind 01 rapproachement between political Parties which will support to the politics of negotiation .

end

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All is therefore not hard and bleak and the going , however tough it gets , still promises to end with success in establishing a multiSpeaker , Honourable Members , for Party democracy . Mr. We wait , this year's politics to further unfold .

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