Thaadou phonetic reader

Citation preview

CENTRAL lNS'ITJlJTE OF INDIAN LANGUAGES

PHONETIC READER SERIES- 6

&JJtorl B. S. BILIOJIJ E. ANNAMALA1

CITL

PhD~tlc ~ $~11~1 -

6

THAADOU

PHONETIC READER

M . S. THIRUMALAJ

CENTRAL INSTll'U'R OP lNDIAN LA.NGUAGIS MYSORE-()

f1tlc Publltlt.ed t DH:tlJRJfl? 1m AI1*J_, IIH

Pdee e a.. '1

d at 11IID Omhal ~.nu.e oft.Sfa r ''II' r . W)eJOl'8 • . , 1). P. ~ DJaec:tw: _. pda.S il7 V. JL ,.._ • KapU. ro.... ,......, Hudl..-t. .,.,_. ......_ o.tia) ~w

F orewo r d nc

eea~ra~ ~

ot

rwtt.u

oa tbt 17tll l lll)'. S-9'69 Witb a rio¥ to

~

wa

ICC ~

•itdD& alHl C(H)'flft_.,ftl

1bo de-tdopmeat or lodiaa Lanpaps. n. la.ldMo wu ct.rp4 witb che r~ of .mo, u a a11dew to brio& totdhet

all tbe ' •• 1dl &Dd tkcnry cm.pvt rrom me ~ l1quiJtic drams to • ooauooa bead and narrowina tH pp between bale ram::cb ud de'felns•Mntal ~ iJs l.be Wdl of !ancu~P& ud Uq:uirtia ia ladia.

Tbc Imtintte and Ia four repoaal ccnua ate ·tit• cq~tpd ill reiCil[ch ud taK1hiD:& whida lca4 to die pob&.atio:n of a ~ Vlldcrty ol matcrielt Prtpata1Jou of mawiet• dtsiped for tacbina leanl.b:lJ at cWrcn:Dt s.ms aad suited to •pedlc MOdi b ooe of dMI major &I1IU t4 ittterar of ttY lnathuta. Baaic reaurc.b reladf11 to the aequiljtl:em oflaqaap ud &tudy ol laquqe In h:s manifold ~ctal rlllatiom oobltitut• aaotber broad ru,o or tu latcr'CIIt. ~ pctbticadoa wtu blctado 1lllfcrAlt prOOur«f by tho mcmbeo of tlae ltd' ct the Ceatnl lnsttbam of Jcdian ~ ud i1l RcPoaa& r • • r C.u. aDd UIOCflied a:holarJ, from tJoimtitJct I..S lU:iludoDt. boO fDdJao and PorwiJQ.

Ia..,..

tho Ca:ttral l:.astit1no o! ladiu ,_..,..... bu tnlti•tad the Phoa~ Reader Slriet in ladian witb a 'fiew to pra• n ljaa the rup of pbotllllllic= vaddoa obea.taa lA an. •a~DeJll and 4eaKmtratilll dtc de Mill of aa....- 011 tbe buia of pbooetic s-tteroiftl. 1'htu Readen an b.iued towudl bmiq tho eound ot ....,.... """" It .. bdped that thla ICI"'ia will bt or intc:rcd to botb ldtolan who art int4ltestod ln Phoactio ltadia and practiallctfOCtl or b!tCD~e- wbo ...... to man a 1:n mea lanpap ltlldy.

""tcml

bqinn:ma

Tho Central lmdnltc of lndlau U!!JIMI" mdcrtoot t.o UUdJ Thtedou Ia mpoase to a reqlll:d audc "' tile SW. Oovenuneat. DL M. S. TlnaUIW.AI wbo wu lkputcd to Muiplll tor Oil IJIIJJ,)OM, flU pl"epplld I ""'Ddic Rader, I ductiptiw IJ'UliiW a tid • oioll.mt P'hltl SGtlllllr ,.._

a. u. i. '

c. r:w, o, aw.

Cs unaet Soln6 : k

l

,

tb

pia

c

j

.

cl

.

•

•

I

j j

lb

Ncm that lbt ~DM~are " ' "fll'CSented mthe writiq IYttaD. Dctall1 or tbo acrlpt are available fa ChapWr +. ~W k1 UJ lOt OM by OM how

and ated bl wordL

lhae

IOtmd:t AN

produoed

t

u

nentu

v...-

n. Pl o•e&e • t

2.11.

[JJ

crlpl~J

•

lo lilt prod •~ ol tbb toUDd oee raflcl rpnt wrtl,oa o( one't lOGPB qearlJ • hi;fb u poeal* wtnS t{M &.,d p&ll.lc. ROWO¥cr, lbl rairiDf iJ !Jo• la llldl• Wt:J tbat o.ia would r Ia Cho IOW'bfq tbJ bard palJte Qr romd:OS aoy kind ol frictioa. 1lle U, ol t!le tonpa will ~tncr ~ raied aod wltl aJn)'l tou.cb the lower teii!O. The li.PI a.re wi'Jespnad wfth muiC'Idu maim~ IUid IN •oft pebltt h raitod to bl~ Cba CJ1ttY or alr hato the • I pan nac. n.c ~ ~t'd• .,. c)tv!J ribmed to prollwe voice.

*'

l.a tcdloieal termilaoloJy th 1011od may be c:ribecl u an wuvu.aded b•J' rront vowel. Tbll lOUd clcnoty racmb1n cbt Hlad.i -.ad rep~ ha DcvuaJarf ~aipc by the kcw t

Howewr 1IO(IJ that UUa "nludou 1011od rcquira n« 4atatioa fOr iu production tbu that Rqulmi I'm Ike produ It of tJw IO'md teprdarted lft DeYaaapri ltrip1 by C. Put1bcnDorc IOund is Q btl taa.llml the bart c of Hindi. li] ocam In aJI tJte podtioo:t i1l Tbudov.. M~lll

lttlllltl Ia

••oua·

till

a

'bdda'

arl1

tpl

·ww·

d1

lm

'to b.i4e C)oaolr

slat d1

FfMII

m1

........ "pttarNr

tM

'"'

'deatb'

nt

'two'

~£!pi

'bco'

"caw'

·~· ;&ateUeci' 'llllr 'tncc_.

tit

in ~omblnattJQ.'O. wlrb aU lM .-a fJ( Thudou. hi aUtbae ocunbtnadoM of YOwe IQlP!Id;occ!JIJ only u ·the a.eco:l)d el:rment.. Wbn it OCCU1il • it t..a tu iiDIOO.Ilna ralmbru e1osdy the tolmd ~a AiQdl .rtp~amied by the ~ri 1~1!1'·'· "rbt ta. fn all tbt~te cates h'Jdi:utl wi~ tel& lb c!ompart :o tb tbc oro · i rnn..a&~l bd the' toM ofebe . tlabJe ptomlnentljo t1ie ~ ~ wotd:a 1 bite t)t oaeumria of OIOQln fho

n

nan.

~

...

a

..

-

·r.u.·

b.J

'hattie'

w

x..i

IWl

wM

'frvfl'

•

,.

1dl

ICiJ (1\ii -ctJ'C"

{dJ

"W:tn:tte.

[311 • :)i

• ui

t-11

~belly '

laJ

~·

'bca:~

n.i

·~

2.3.2. 'l1ie Pi;et• =tf•• of {u) SnlfJI rtp!Uflti4Uolt

11.

P9r tile ~~~,.., or tllb aou.od, oac rabca the bact portioa ODC.. toque oear1l u biJll P pouible tnwa.:nl lha aofl palate. Hrre at a 1M m linl dona in ll1ldt • 1bl Una wovtd oat raall ll d:1h:cr tbe tbllpe toudtlq the 1oft palate ur frictiofl. Tb:e tip JDd lbe tfoQt portioo of Cl• aoqu an aoc ~ and wHl,tcm.Jn In t1lctr qorm:J pcmt&ora. T1tc li.. arc prouvck4 ot 100ocled tritb lliabt ~DU~Cular tms:lo11 and the soh palate tl raised to bloct die IIIley of rtir Into tlle . . .l pul.lliC. The YOa1l torch an da:dJ Ylbrated CO'JII'G'luco voice.

or

••1

• niJ Tbaadou tond m.l}' be duedbed u a ~n.d!'d hiJb bad: vowel ill tcd!lok4lterms. Thb JeMmbtea tho loOund tn Riodl Rpreeentcd Ia Dc\'aaaaari tai:PI by tl}(l lc.fttt Ji. Ho~r. nou as a paual rutt tbat tl1 vowel sou:rub ia 1'11aadou an: not d tridcd

11 i..ato 5borC and &noa10tmda u the voW!II M'JOI!Cf11 •CSW•nt~ by 1Q1 Sout.b lralia11 or ~ cript are clifkt 'tbo dlllaCi.on tor tbe pmdttclioD of ~ tollldJ of . 0 ata&tl-f ~ Ltau tbc .tJon oro_. tbaa tb1l Jona ..,.. repttll'nwi by ~ Jetan ot ln)' ~ l.odJn or Dfi•~l tpt.

•et•

[\l) OCC'Iri to an

..

ah

ltfftlll

~·

I

.,0

'elder

tpb

'ddcr~ft'

ttt'

......

Jfp

..""'

tflarec'

......

mt l'UI

..,

F'UMI

'waC

""

..._

at

'moacr*

bt

,,

'tb' . 'wiac"

pO

•atandftlher'

abo. ba combinarloD with cral ,.. iUWldt at tbt bcpaao- \Vbo:rl II oc:atn u tbe '1m dedltlll t• thHe eombi:natJcns h tctlllnl a1J dw 4lti.Ctcri:Jtle~ me-nll d abo~ nua ... OCQI11 the .ocood ·c lllr. t.,. ll lo• Jts n ud rcscmbk:s I 1 lb IOand fD mndl reprete ted b)' the Onaaapri 1ettct w. 1'1llt I~ ID all tlac:to • it o«:ura wit prolllinara ia eompUI oo tbe \'0 lnrtllrdiatl.ly P' ecediq It &Dd tJw tou tbo )'llabl• filUJ prominently em till ¥OWtJ pr«ediJa& it. 1'bllst oombJ of \'01Ft ocar •n word tra1 poaidon 81 l iYcD below :

(u.

OCI!'IItS

Howe••·

o.r

t...•J cab

'btaceiC'f

ub

"'ro1J6•

1-ul

(-ouJ ao6u •yw111' clMa 'cballrap'

J.l.3.

n. .... k:d• ., (-J

Scri1t

rtlfUtiJ,.ifl" ,.,

ta the prad.Gctioo of lhiJ IOUaci. ont r aitea ~ front portion of ODII'a J1 tn the lna d tbt ftOIIt pottfaa ot

m

the toujn f'bt t1lle pmd'adioo of a t OM fltlJ laeilht, tJ. tmiQI oflbe ltont ponloD Of &kG toaaue (Of (.o] lt do~ fI

4M'CWI

.,,.,in'A

ln all tho posit L

M'editll

111111411 6p

6t

'DlOlltfti:ol (ud

k6t.l

'bo.lt1'

QJiDJ) by Cbll aMlc

p6n

tolotll'

6f' the corpec'

~

vta'

..,.,

Up

~ptbtt'

~cuaoiq'

..

'ltu'

Fltfllll

'eaat'

so

'vitlaJC' 'bamboo' tint tbc kp1. ....... . of ~ blo- • .S. tbl &V b COaaptwiCd bJ ,....,. ti.cG .... 'Tbea fU lipl an 'f I ~Ad' in mdll • " 'I r:bet the air e...ddcol}' • floe UN q.,i!G(II piS ID&b u ~ toaod.. Tbc 'fOCal coa1a an dnrl7 Ybated to pr'Od-110e 'IOioc.. Ho •c ta aot. partic•uhlcfJ that bl OM P""""'* don ol tJUs lOUd ao pu6 of air '- r.etucd like cha we: tDd fa Cbc Jlnd"••ioa ot me Hlnd1110todd • • cw•le4 mO..tz 11••• ... , .. br

""'*

tbe Idler • . lD tecbnical lataiiaol()IJ tfttiiOnd ...., ... ~

u ao unu~ •oicod -.llabial Jtop. U 1J pfOnoutlc6d lilt -tbe ialliaJ IOliDd 1:1 M>1dl .... .. ~ .... . . . ad dd ts &fmitat. to tbc IOUftd 111 Hloilb i'4'1 I . . . . In 0......-d k:Sipl by tiM Infer. [b I occun 111 r.he word b2irial uCI awflel poe.tdop.. ·~·

UWt

.......

b.u

· ~·

~

'OOCODU.f'

b.lJ

~·

• ;o...'l

~u:a

M#Nrll

btldul b..

•

.

.

,

,

••

of do"-"

~

'-

'«"dtc lr'

db.U

bb

' ltOop'

~

·~

~

'IMIM

~

'panly'

.

•

~I dod not O«''tt ,...kUy Ul

,

combioadoa wttb oCher

~-

1.6.

Cu11

rt~N

h

W. found car-her tn fhc dm chapter that tor dwl pro4Dctivo o{ s:t41p QOUOUftU 0.. IIOlt palak b com~ ....U.S a-.d th

throup die m011tb ud ba oo a to vity. For tbt pro un In the word

jtiaJ allld

medial po<

llfJIJM

•

- •

Alt:tU

,

t?l

·IC!Cdl·

o\'r.IID

wlm

'l.ki"ft•

bAvii

1Jca.n1~

vC1

'to Look at'

AY61

~·

t&UYJD

~lit

kk.,

~·

AYW

"broad'

ktrr~

"bcttWar ·

""~'• v~

... •

...,.•. .....,.. 'uhcs'

'bi.nr .

' black' •

down f'

1A. C• I lb - Latenk Tb:c"l11Qttou Ia U3P lw two lateral touadl. Of thae two, be sound [11 will be e uler to produce ror a Dravtdlt.o or an

TKMDOCJ PWMUIC DADO

todo-Aiyan ~anpap speak~. n. pudllcdon r1 OlrJ dtm•ruJ. eome apedal ..rort& ftoal tile spelken ol laquaaa bdoa&inl wo JMMI.anpap families,

u.t.

n. ........... [I)

Sal/If ,.,.....,,_ 1

To pro4acc tWa eotmd, ,.., ,........ 61 oo...,a.elet1 bloctked bJ paJa~~e and t1a• tlp of Uac &oopt la railed 10 ~ tile tardl ~ 1'be nisina o/ th. tip ol dac uu.pe u4. ftt teo " • tt. ~ r are acoampUibed lD. aadl a ny tbt tboup -.. ia compldt ckKuR 1o tbe middlll of the moutll. 1'1 a pu. . . fM tM aU it left OD bot!a the &ickt or tM toapL 1be vocal conb arc ft'lln.te4 clurlD& I prod'uc:tion. Tb:ll ia clOiely ..,...., to tb bpltel IQ nd - tod .. . . proeaacillfioa or words nell .. ltttl., Ia lq aad ,.., In b . Tbb is similar abo .., . . toUIJd .. HlftdJ ...... ntccl hi 'Ommapri tcripc by tM letter " ·

1'tle ..,akrn of J>tafldiaD ud ~ ...., t• 'Ifill DOt ba• any d lo pr•thta tltta ~and. So uy to produce ft • hdurafJy u k.

,.

(l] 0CCW1 ia Ill the pod•tioet

Th•Mou . . . . . ..

tldkl

lOll

·~;

Ja

'out«'

..., ••

31• ••

'crccdilt

. . . .9

kU'*

'awiDJ'

ItO

' •oaus'

~

'lqairftl'

~

'alecp'

lllUT

'appear'

'llymn'

k'lkp

,.

.

n

•

"four'

nl

'roU'

aw

'betdc'

"bare'

'KIObatiA'

...,

.. •

~c,_._,

ql

•

•"

pfij)

'0

bt

OJ

occu~W ·in .tlllitaafio6 iiid alto It die ldt tl~l 1 w•biuUioa lift~ tbc toDowm,-coaiDUo., r

lPl•

lbJ. · tt1 {tb), [il}; [k}., fc1 lllj 00.. fY}, (lQ], ~ [d) ad [PJ~ Pts>-t 0~

(Pit},'

~

.ltpr

H-

.,..,.,, a:kb?

l

1

H l

I

....

dllldp

t.~

•• {..I»-]

[-a-]

..., '

'"awtit-tJa~AtD· .Qi'r-0.

J

r-a.-1

m6lvom

•

JfllY11

"nWrilt

•

( J (-tn-J •

kllttm.l\l]

..bK.oAd•

•

•. , IICbc'

k6laA& tn6 n\ tol6i

[..10-J

•

~fOOI)lCnt'

,

•

rw

•

.•car wax•

1:1~1

Wll.\m •

-~o

'

't:.cbllot'

l.I.Z. 'ftc Pu' r F'lr• of (P] Sb(1J' -.I'DC•WIIJ• lb Ja tllerpmducdn of

tcn~tld. nua1 palate aod

• t• eompktd)'

bfocted tit raWaa tile aoft w d p ot to:QJDe Is f'Jtld to to-" tbe teltb ricfJt,. ne u, ot m. IDilJDC ir nisod ud ...... to tooch the teeth ridp h• tuch a uy tbal dim it eoqll eloUIR fn the middk1lfibt to . n .u- fro.ib Ch• luqt oot lbtoccb tt. narrow made bettJcr:ll tilt Iippa' tnth and. tbe aJd ot the toa.pc and m doiq 10 fa Q1 ftiatioD 6etiriea theJD hd p~ 'thfJ f01IDil. This 10und lll1

a. d•cribld iJl t«ds.,...l taat It alvcobu t.tcral Cr th Neitt. · 1ich aor aay najo.r tanauare ot tba DoMdi&e or IAdo-Aryu t'oJQy lw tim toUDd. Bence, tf you arc a ~vidlaa oc aa ~ spetkcr you wiU han ar-c diftkuJt)' mprooouodq lbil IOUad t.. U aca::p&abN OlUlDCf, 1bo CDJ ny B to potltlon tlte tip ibf tlla tonpa lbe teetb rid&t aad tTJ lO 1Mb 6e air pus oa:t tbrogp Ulc li4el of tbo tollJH ~Jlbcratdy. Tbte ,.,.. lbcnatcl ma.nip1ltm the J1Wbtl out of tba aft th_roup tht li4a ol tbt toQPC In nac:h a way that tbcra will be a Crlctio• mAde ia da proeaa.

.m•

(PJ oa:un In tile word lrutial nd medW pos tJoos. It doe. aot o«vr u the ftnt clomcnt ln combiaadon wttb other cocuorumts.

11

brltilll 1'111

' aarrow"

~

"~tnvat·

•

·choo..-

I~JJ

..., •

.c'loJO•

"dltat'

• rJW.Ial)

•Jbott•

··~

(~!am

'Wc.a(

:u. ne PrH•U•'•r oo Snl/11

""a:IUifltlw u1

.u

a•

1JI the producdon or Cblt WHIIId ttaa trout ot 1.CiriJIIe raiRd r•tllcr bJab In t dinctio:a ot tile brd praJ•t• ud tbt lipJ are ~Plead lo 1 n.aturJJ n •ur. l'buoft ,.,... .il ,.111C1 to-~ the callJ of air iato .... l1llt u. 'focal ~ art Yibntcd to prodJD voice.

tn Thaadou tho ur or weal poddoJl Ia a~llltitate

fy}

&

.a tt

~ to

PutUWmore thll

*

..t oo:t,

~

a. •

ror tu touc1 (t ) or (J J m malA~ potitioa.

In 'J'Ih•eclo• It limilar to tbe itrilitl 1011Dd we 8ad t• wonta

e ,_,.,, JW, y.n

,.,11 to BQJiiab.

II dmilar IJJo

u nt.cl m~ tcript bJ the letter I£· JUustntion.e Jl tor lb touDtl fl] ill the .-JlaJ posftlou ma, be taken u IIluauaticm lbr tb.IJ ·1 004 u wdl

to U. IOUild

m H lncll

ftpi

3· Phonetic Exercises The Pballlrtic E.Uft: litl tt..m bdow &R dlwi(Sed iato two st«i Ia ICtioJ1 l.l. ' " ~~~· (ij the ~ paJn of .owef 1011111k (11) tJte c:on tt~Jtl.at ,.In ol toaca and (iiiJ W.!!laate tbe UMS of these b) li~DI ~ from lh• tanpap.

lmJiHtdlal• 'I foJ~ dus co.atraJt1DI pl.in, I .few WOldt t'o:r cad1 khUid are Jivaa for pnm.uadatloa prutb. Sectia1 3.2. pYa the c b'Utlq ..... f1l oo••••u ~n;Ddl fn 1b77Mt A few wotdl for CICh c:nnl!()unt are also - Co.r prommdadoD pn Yoo **ld cmrun, . - tt. detotipbOA of tbD rouadl pm m cNpw 2 and PfOIOU c:.b iUldtr&U~ word. aa:otdiDI to the cr.criptfoa• iD lbat dui,W.

r

l.JA

v..-

Q 4 ; # ' _. . . .

VN'flfi'Wd ~ tarMI cGftrtll "NNW'I [a) :

•

tlW:D

'0

•m I•J

.I

u.,•..,,•

tb6m

"tojoum'

CAll

toaeh' ·than'

• phAt

dO

'riw

'&00'to:lel!hQJ the ~·da ~ • la1lPAife i:a wdtiaafWQ

Tab, tor I~ two •peed! aoun:dl (:zJ and til from tlM Tbaadou l.a:opa:p_ l:o 2. 7 l we 11atecf tbat lWO lOW)$ fxJ ud []] can freecl)' vary i.Ja lbctr ~ m M»ds ~pe.-Wty between two vO'\lfeb and tbact tbu frH variatioo doa DOt ttw mcamna of the wonf. Thus.. a roadib:Oo fih fbU ...W en-a Me u to ddetc dtbcr of thC$C two ao1ll'JIIb from the wrttiq ll)t••m ad to provide onl y I .m.tc later In the ICriplto I C:fW 3 II; IJiodl lbao aouoda.

c:b.,..

5

Con.sidcr r»W LM Tbaado u I OUncb 1..-) and (:;el. 1'bctc tYO 10unds OC!Q:Ur to COilUIISUOJ pos:jbom i:n l'twtdou u die c:umpks Jh'at 1:0 ICCUOII ) . 2 tdtcJw. Tbt iJ, rbc ~ of lbele ..-.uAdl in the nmc poeltio11 in worth lbl are ~ ieleorb:J will cbnp tho ma urinp of won.b i:a~cd. Beocc. boolv"'C' ncc>'•lf'Y that thc::le two tOU1Idt be pro...wed wi:.dt ltlaet 1 i:o the lbd:otl KriJI( J}'lite:UI.

a

..,.rate

12 a:ootbct pall or eouadl (k] and ('I] mTbll'bUJ. to ua. lQd. U .l wo tatted tba& tbo sound [k) omu1 only bl the word inilial and medlal positJom alld tbal tlae ~ (l] ocamn o111J iD tb11 wonlfqllable And pocitioo. '1'1-.t il, 1dodr: ant-OOCDI •u palitio.. Wbere [t) ooeura. T1riJ CIQI!Il'~ ~nat plttlnt of dMio two 1011Ddt lh.ow « .Uc1pliooea ot a dnpl p:~ no denlaacb Qlat • _k ~ tb a It letter Ia the IICI'Ipt tor ,.... c tdlllll . J ~ \hem. lloWrcr. l'or ratODa llyq lD Tb.irmDalai (fortbcominl). lbc&e are provided with aepante qmbola fn the 1b.udou. writina •fstmL

Now, let us cons:kler

yet

• U....fll

' ,.., --YIIhllb

u

ft •f •- n.-.... • . 1k ~ ae tbc ~ of 'J'ha•doa 1tucd

uaJJIIHinn in~~-&). VI~ :

u

e

0

• .X.U: •

~

ft

•

- aCNO. c

b

I :a .Q

It

J

(flllinJ)

l

p

1b

pb

d

~

I

D

.. I

y

m

OD

1M

u

..

n II . . . ...., ...., • • • .,._. ...... -

ftionlll'C

I

AU~Dit ;

I• I

(' 1

[ k)

IcI

( 0 ]

I II /p/

I

/tb / IPJI/

'-'j 'I j

t

I

I •

.Qccw~ nee-

a 1. J a t=W(JfdJqU&bje 8aal Jl NidoD ElJC:When Ltcllti.. to ..,aau;Jg ·dlatda badoa J1VWI iD U

l

-do-do-

( p1 ( tb l

,,.,

- do -

(• 1

-~ - . ......--,.

t

li

j

(. J 1

l'7 J

•

• oe ... el

-

~

=..=::~~r..;~ aaa Me '*"

E.:tioo

tnidltt lhould ~ ~ ed 1a m • 9QSJti0111 r~

CYilltt

leOt'&l

U . I 0 Dl

1 1¥ .

pUt1

nkuma••i~

IdJ

(dJ

IbI fb I IzI I I J

[b

J

l~ell ~Ori

co

JiftD iJI 4.4.

rb 1

- do - do -

rx J

-do-

. .

I

II

I

( ) ( .. l

I

oI

( 91

I DI I m/ I II

[

11,.1

(

)

dodo do do -

rm I

- cJo ·

[ I ]

- ~ -

... )

- do -

ds

' dluri~

'lbe Thudou writi• Q11m1 ~011 lh Rmuli Kl'i}1t (Enaillb nnian). h toAowa t ..U ~ ~OJJYWV;1at adopted lD wtiltQI eqlllb ulll.r1fa& • 1a1~ alway w~m, Pl.i••J lctw ud r:cpiLCICIOtba tbo PfOiX'f namn, alao with ~ CQiud tcucr. Bo,.,.,-er the WOldt far •t• and. words duattna "'111M ofjiW)OfJts m mt written db 1DiffJt CQ_pjuJ 2~1'1.. 'the w.rldQJ _procednn i& from Qe lc!'t &ide I&) u. rt ~ Cld d tbl punctutJ· oaJ m used m writlJ)J aut ..,. \lied b Thaadou abo. Note alto that wllc.a an E.qlla ward b 1JICid in t wriun 'lbudo-o t~Ut, Cbc En&Jllb 11pcltma et tbo word it poet .Uy mafW . A short roriew ot the adoptioQ u4 ad~Jttad!$ f'( RotUn a::dpl ro:r t..be Thudou (quap b aw.llablc ht TlrJmm•!al I)~ For the J)urpo:tel of pretent D 11 t.. potatl!! out 'bete !bat !ben it a ... lmOQlJit ~ ~ a:moq die MtM tpea.ken and tcho!ats 1aJ Co tM lf'I:P R(W'CICJUilfol n uaado• totmd.s ln wrnt_.. An4 ·- tia ol m.' ~ no btllt tpell}AJ tO 0t folJc:t-.cd by aU Without c:c~.pdcn il ..tlab lft R r. :pdlioa ~ u dcp.leud lD Nptfblo UJl1) ~ bJ BIQJI ud bcnec wo wiP C9JJiider l'(Julb.ao'l ayste:m as lbo omat ortll~ of

n

or

ThUif.crl ror msr t6tQ~«m or ~ rtpmutrtadoll 'ln wrlt.tDJ.

t

ma tbtit IJ'a(6mnc

1lle fQJiowlna p'n the vowej and ec>1)10Dlllt ptl~ of llw:dow and tbe conupodlaalco JA tbo .~t l'budo~ Kript .,_tens. NOCI that tJ;. tono ato wi tDatiod la Wttau.& Thudoa tub. Tbc ldkrl \aMid ia tl! ICdpt aro &fvm hlltallca. Yt~W«II

;j

I G

• • ~

a

• • 0

~

0

sue ... ,.•

WA4JJOO ;;

•

I

••

CMiuoJJI 1.1:

.t t

c dt

,p

I

'

'

= ,

u

b

I

I b

" ...

" '

I

diO ror

J

..

a

'"'

Dl

If

l I p (j

,f ,

61

,, '· ....

1l '

J!ltou tU&.cM,pew lpcll1Qa •JR:.m aap.loJtd Ia T\•edou dabl tiM pboumca 1•1 ud /1/ I&Ddcr tho aamo Jetter '•'. lJ dubt Nit !liM }e/ ud I allo udet tM laJDO l«tcr 'e'. Yet IDOtba peiF of phoncn• Mme'41 /of Uld lb/ II dultbed u4cr tbc laiDt later 'o' in . . n udolladpt.

Cbo,.

littee die 1 qw 1 ut..V. ol two or more fMao...UcalJy d"'*nat by a liqte lmu 111 a:hc Kl'I:Pt i• ao lmpedimc111 to couec:t

••It•

idmUicUio11 ud proeuociarine ot soumcb blwi"Wd, It II occa•ry dila1 e¥Jf7 phnncmo be pro11idcd. wftb a din:i'n ct symbol iu cbc wri&iDa .,.um. ScnaaJ auaapll bnct • n tMde by utfve tebotatl and otbcn tO reauy th dcfect:J mtbe lpdliQI l)iti:DI. Rowevtr tbarc attcmtl wen Dot IJl1cmatic and wen aot bued oa prop« pb""'"'l!C aoalJsi• or the laJCN&C (for d•taill tee Tlaitumtlal (forthcocailla) ).

77 RCiX:nLI~· several individtta.ls ond

pubh5bed m:uerials including the manthly ne"-'S maga'Zio ~: Zougam Lhangsnm ed!ted by ThangUochon Thomsong bav.: :started the U!\e (If the diagrnph aw to represent the ph()oemc f:>/. Since rhue l$ no corrc'S poodlog JOWld a\'ailable fN t.be leuet w '" Thaad4u an.d since tbcre IS a cleftnlte nece5sity 10 d:istmauish the !'lhonemes /o} a nd h.' in tbe wrlli"ng sy~em , we shall continue to employ the dia&raph ow to rr.~ot !M pbonei'W: 'J/ &nd retilin tbe •ent lbo phoMme /e/ with rue leller e, we deoided in ravour of the cliagrapb ew m o rde,r LO maintatn some sort of 11nifol'1llity. TbJ.s dec-isiun Wa5 pron11Hed nho by the fact that more o ft en thao not l'hc pronunciation of the leuer e clos6ly resembles tbc T'haadou pronu(le.atioo of the phoneme jef. Hence we will rttajo the leller e to represent the phoneme ~~ and rcprescot tho phoneme lef with the dio.8rapb '"' in the ThMdo\t ~ri l ing sys1ean. As noted earlier 1he phonemes ,'A/ :.od fa/ are rcpruenled tty the same: letter 'a' in tbe pres-ent day V.'Tlting system. for 1hc sake of proper JdeotiO.cation and pronunciation it is Ut!Crcting corrc-etly t ~ repre5eoru ~ion ';1' as /A: or Jaf in wortcr in T baa.dou phC)oernic system cmablc us to retain and not to s ub~li tute 'x' for •kJ,' in the prC$eBI ortbc>graph)'.

Tn the voiceless stop sori.e s we find t hor ' tJJ' is med for the pho neme /c/. This arrangement can be re tai ned 51nce there is n o -consonant cluster of c and II found in Thudou .

In tbe a.spirated stop 5e.ies , l b..:

pr~nt ll lTilOJ• tbat ll few cbnnjes m the prC$cnt orthogrnpny uud i 11 Th u d ou are t o bo carried out to rc£ce~ fuithfuJJy the souods empi.Qyoo in tbis l&nguiJgc n11d abo 10 terms of c:e