Sumerian Grammatical Texts 9781512820782

Citation preview

L I S T OF A B B R E V I A T I O N S AJSL. AL 3 . ASKT. BE. BM. Boissier, Choix. Br. Clay, Miscel. CT.

American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures. Assyrische Lesestücke (third edition), by F R I E D R I C H D E L I T Z S C H . Akkadische und Sumerische Keilschrifttexte, by P A U L H A U P T . Babylonian Expedition of the University of Pennsylvania, edited by H . V. H I L P R E C H T . British Museum, Assyrian Collection. Choix de Textes relatifs Ä la Divination, by A L F R E D BOISSIER.

A Classified List of Sumerian Ideographs, by R U D O L F B R Ü N N O W . Miscellaneous Inscriptions in the Yale Babylonian Collection, by A.

T.

CLAY.

Cuneiform Texts in the British Museum, by

PINCHES, KING

and

THOMPSON.

DA. Documents Assyriens, by A L F R E D B O I S S I E R . Del. H.W. Assyrisches Handwörterbuch, by F R I E D R I C H D E L I T Z S C H . DP. Documents Pre-sargoniques, by A L L O T T E DE LA F U Y E . Historical and Religious Texts. Volume 31 of B E . , by S. L A N G D O N . KTA. Keilschrifttexte aus Assur, Wissenschaftliche Veröffentlichungen der Deutschen Orient-Gesellschaft. KL. See Zimmern, K.L. Mafclu. Die Assyrische Beschwörungsserie Maklu, by K N U T L. TALLQUIST.

MDOG. MVAG. OLZ. PBS. PSBA. R.

Mitteilungen der Deutschen Orient-Gesellschaft. Mitteilungen der Vorderasiatischen Gesellschaft. Orientalische Literaturzeitung. Publications of the Babylonian Section of the University Museum. Indicates the new series, replacing BE. Proceedings of the Society of Biblical Archaeology. I, II, III, IV, V R. or Raw., refer to the five volumes of the Cuneiform Inscriptions of Western Asia, founded by H C. R A W L I N S O N continued by N O R R I S , G E O R G E SMITH and PINCHES. IV R. refers always to the second edition by PINCHES.

RA.

Revue d'Assyriologie. (3)

4 Radau, Miscel. REC.

UNIVERSITY

MUSEUM—BABYLONIAN

SECTION

Miscellaneous Sumerian Texts from the Temple Library of Nippur, by H U G O R A D A U in the Hilprecht Anniversary Volume. Recherches sur l'Origine de l'Écriture Cunéiforme, by FR. THUREAU-DANGIN.

RT. RTC. Sa. Sb. SAI. SBP. Sum. Gr. TSA. WZ KM. ZA.

Recueil de Travaux relatifs à la Philologie Egyptienne et Assyrienne. Recueil de Tablettes Chaldéennes, by F R . T H U R E A U - D A N G I N . Syllabar A, published in CT. XI. Syllabar B, published in CT. XI. Seltene Assyrische Ideogramme, by B R U N O M E I S S N E R . Sumerian and Babylonian Psalms, by S. L A N G D O N . Sumerian Grammar, by S. L A N G D O N . Tablettes Sumériennes Archaiques, by H. DE G E N O U I L L A C . Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes. Zeitschrift für Assyriologie.

INTRODUCTION The present volume includes the greater portion of the grammatical texts in the Nippur Collection of the University Museum which have not been published by D R . P O E B E L in Volume V of this series. The author has examined the entire Nippur Collection in Constantinople and Philadelphia, wherefore he is able to state that the volume nearly completes the publication of this class of documents. The preceding statement refers only to grammatical texts in the strict sense of the term. A large number of lexicographical tablets usually designated as "lists" will be published soon by D R . C H I E R A . A few religious texts and other miscellaneous material have been included here, having been copied for lexicographical purposes. The grammatical texts belong chiefly to a large group of tablets known as school texts. They represent the pedagogical books and pupils' exercises of a Sumerian college. In many cases, as for example Numbers 15, 16, 17, 18, the teacher's copy on the left side of the tablet has been severed with a sharp instrument from the scholar's copy on the right. The right half of the tablet containing the scholar's work was probably remoistened and remolded to be utilized for other school work. Numbers 16 and 18 are particularly interesting and important, since they contain the Sumerian original of part of the standard Babylonian and Assyrian bilingual lexicographical work known as ana itti-su. This series of lexicographical and grammatical text books seems to have been written by the Sumerian schoolmen to instruct the learner in business formulae, legal terms and about words employed in practical life. (5)

The Semitic teachers

6

UNIVERSITY MUSEUM—BABYLONIAN

SECTION

then edited the series with a translation into their vernacular. The bilingual edition has been found in use in all parts of Babylonia and Assyria.

It was much more comprehensive than

has been supposed and scholars from time to time have succeeded in proving that many well known grammatical tablets really belong to this great legal text book. Revue

d'Assyriologie

several

In recent numbers of the

important

sections

have

been

published and edited from the remains of the Assyrian edition in the British Museum. Number 17 reveals a Sumerian text book which was known in later Babylonia and Assyria as garra-hubullu,

i. e., Sumerian

garra means hubullu, "money loaned for interest."

This series

was equally important, forming a huge text book on words connected with various sciences or crafts such as geology, zoology, botany, the crafts of the carpenter, cabinet maker, etc. sibly Number

Pos-

14, a study in geology, belongs to this series.

The collection possesses one large tablet which carries a list of over 200 names of stones and objects made of stones.

Many

lists of this kind, dealing with the sciences and crafts of Sumer and Babylonia, will be made accessible in another volume. Numbers 5, 11 and 54 represent the kind of school book known as a syllabar, or a list of all the Sumerian ideograms arranged either with reference to their forms (S b ) or to their phonetic values (S*).1

The former seems to have been followed

by the latter in the completed work, employed as a text book on the signs, their forms and the various phonetic values of each sign.

In the Semitic editions of these syllabars, S b is

edited with the Sumerian values at the left and the Semitic • T h e principle on which Syllabar A, represented by No. 5, was constructed is obscure. T h e statement made above is only partially correct. In fact the signs in this syllabar do not follow each other in phonetic order for we know from numbers 19, 20 that the Sumerians had not discovered the phonetic relation of the consonants.

STEPHEN

LANGDON

SUMERIAN GRAMMATICAL

TEXTS

7

meanings on the right. S a is edited with Sumerian values on the left and the Sumerian name of each sign on the right. It is difficult to understand what object the Sumerian teacher had in mind in writing S a unless it was to teach the numerous syllabic values of each sign. S b is originally designed as a work in epigraphy. By means of this list of the signs employed in the Sumerian system of writing and arranged according to their forms, the student was enabled to find at once any sign whose value he had forgotten or which he was unable to identify. Sumerian text books aimed to instruct in the art of writing and the various sciences. Most of the works on these subjects are represented in greater or less degree in the Nippur Collection. T h e author has transliterated and translated all of the important texts. In case of material of this kind Assyriologists will I trust give preference to such treatment of the material, which renders an index dispensable.

SUMERIAN GRAMMATICAL

TEXTS

4506 This extraordinary tablet carries several badly preserved sections of incantations and rituals after which follow two closely written columns of lexicography, being a study in anatomy. The writer knows of no other published tablet in Assyriology of a similar kind. It is difficult to understand the scribe's object in combining such heterogeneous material upon one tablet. The incantations yield little philological material. In the Obv. 12 note sugui=ir-dil for iSdi.2 In the same line gi = kanu is new. Rev. 9 su-'u-ur-ta ia-sa-ar-ma is found also in Z I M M E R N , Beiträge 103 note gamma. Cf. also surtum Sa barüti, Sm. 747, and ikrib surti, Z I M M E R N , ibid., 190, 22. The anatomical study clears up the following lexicographical difficulties: Col. I 3 u{u a-^a-ad = kakkadu,

head.

shows t h a t the rare word for head is Line 12 u{u-sag-ki Cf. C T .

12, 3 3 b

Restores II R . 2 4 , 2 5 .

Line 9

bibinu.

= nak-[kab]-tum,

p r o b a b l y nose, bridge of the nose.

12, sag-ki = nak-kab-bu

and

BR. 3 6 4 5 .

T h e word

occurs

also in the C o d e of H a m m u r a p i § 2 1 5 , " I f a doctor open the na-kab-ti

of a

man with a bronze knife (and his e y e gets well, or does not get well), e t c . " H e r e the nakabtu

is associated with the eye.

2 3 , 19 f, where the right and left nakabtu SCHEIL, body

Sippar,

Cstpl.

like w a t e r

from

Körperteile Line

583 the

a demon nakabtu,

N o t e also BOISSIER,

of a sheep m a y be black.

is exhorted

i. e.,

to

nostril(P).

depart See

from

also

Choix In the

HOLMA,

17. 13 u{u-me-^t = isi,

j a w , see HOLMA, ibid.,

assured b y line 14 me-ii-gid-da

= la\}ü, j a w .

34.

T h e meaning is

T h e r e f o r e isu,

issu is distin-

' Text ki! ' C f . MEISSNER, Assyrische Grammatik, p. 8(e) and PSBA. X X X I I 20, 26 line 27 ir-da-Un. See also BROCKELMAN, Vergleichende Grammatik, p. 138, g. (9)

10

UNIVERSITY MUSEUM—BABYLONIAN

SECTION

guished from labü, which is here designated as the "long me-^i;" isu then is only part of the maxillary. Line 15 me-fi-gü-da = taibu, gum, 1 literally, "ridge of the maxillary." 2 So the passage in C T . 17, 50, 16 and 19 is cleared up. See also C T . 29, 49,

26 la-al-bi-lu. Line 17 u^u-kar = apputtum, forehead, also mark on a slave. Line 18 u{u-gü-bar = gü-[ba-ru], neck. See also W E I D N E R ,

OLZ. 1912,

209.

In line 27 birti ahi probably means rectum. It occurs also in E B E L I N G , K T A . 32, 43. On kinnatu, rectum, podex, see C H R I S T I A N , W Z K M . 26, 390; HOLMA ibid., 172, 65. Col. II 6 gives the reading of the obscure name GU-ljAR = ur-u-tum, part of the liver. For murhapnni (line 19) which here appears with un^u ear, see also A J S L 30, 77, 17 restored from R T . 27, 125 Obv. 2, where it appears to be part of the abdomen. Line 21 tifu gu-tal=ku-ial-lu, back; also in D E L I T Z S C H ' S Voc. Hittite 7478 II 30. erutum, back, in lines 22-4 is also established by u{u-gü-TAR = kutallu, POEBEL, P B S . V 1 3 7 , 4.

See also MEISSNER, S A I . 2039.

ti{u-sa-gu = dadanu, labanu, breast, neck. Also di-a-da-a-nu PBS. 137, 6. Here also gü-sä, M E I S S N E R , S A I . 2039, and D E L I T Z S C H ' S daddaru, HW. 2 1 2 a is to be read muruf daddani. "394 The material which remains upon this fragment represents about one-fourth of the original tablet.

The author of the

syllabar aimed to give a list of nouns and verbs which concern various professions, and other related material. tains various words denoting status of children and slaves.

Obv. I l l con-

family relationships

and

the

The first two entries in Col. I l l

dumu-nitag and dumu-u§ appear to indicate a distinction between these two terms for ibila = aplu,

heir, although the two signs

are indifferent variants of an original sign, R E C . 26. case dumu-us, 1 2

In any

"son who follows," is the original idea of

So already MEISSNER, MVAG. gü-da = iibdu, ridge.

1904, 222.

ibila,

V

STEPHEN

heir. 1

LANGDON — S L ' M E R I A N

GRAMMATICAL

TEXTS

dumu-dü = mär banü follows the word for heir, and pre-

cedes dumu-ä-e-a = mär liküti,

adopted son, which eliminates

the suggestion that it means adopted son. Cols. II and III of the reverse discuss words connected with liturgical practice and for that reason the information is valuable. melody.

2

First in II 6 is entered the word sir = sirhu, Here follow the interesting terms:

sir-a^ag,3

holy song, of which the elative form occurs in JNina

the

sir-a^ag-

düg iu, " N i n a who knows the holy songs," Gudea, Cyl. B 4, 6. a^ag here differentiates sir from sir used in the sense of secular song,

sir ga-mun, song of loud cries.

The term occurs also

in Gudea Cyl. A. 27, 12, sag-bi nam-sub sir-ga-mun, which there is incantation

4

and loud song."

"Within

sir nam-nar, song

of the singer's art, in which a special kind of singer naru, possibly choir boy, is intended, ists.

sir nam-sub,

sir-nam-gala,

song of absolution(?).

example of this class of song in lu-ub

i

Nidaba,

song for the psalmWe possess one K . L . , 6 5 , sir

ZIMMERN,

a song of absolution(F) to Nidaba.

nam-

The con-

tents of this song in any case do not suggest an incantation (.iiptu).

sir nam-erim-ma,

generally

employed

song of the curse.

for liturgical

melody,

and

Since sir is incantations

were excluded from the liturgies, it is difficult to determine the kind of song intended here,

sir-gid-da,

a long song, a term

applied to a particularly long melody, as the Dublin text, published in this series Vol. X , pt. 2.

sir-sag = sirhu reHü, first

melody of a liturgy, the chief melody which gave its name to 1

Note ui = ridu, to follow, drive, and the noun r'tdü, heir, riditu,

1

Discussed in the Introduction to the author's Babylonian

' N o t to be confused with mü-a^ag,

heiress.

Liturgies.

" p u r e incantation," S A I . 2902, etc.

B E . 30, No. 9 III 12, and EBELINC, K T A . 16 R e v . i} = {amäri

For i i r a^ag, see

ellüti.

* Incantations in the ordinary sense were excluded from the temple. T h e word nam'sub is probably employed here in the sense of song which brings absolution from sin. See also Gudea C y l . A . 27, 20 immir-bi tmmir-ga-mun, " W h o s e wind is a raging w i n d , " a phrase employed of the temple in some mythological sense. On ¿a-mun see DELITZSCH'S Glossar 2 1 1 .

12

UNIVERSITY MUSEUM—BABYLONIAN

a liturgy; see S B P . 332, 9 and 96, 10.

SECTION

Also Z I M M E R N K . L . ,

25 III 16, sir-sag gal-^u " S h e that knows well the chief melodies." Cf. also RADAU, Miscel. 17, 12. At the end of Rev. II occur two well known but difficult terms sa-sud-da and sa-gar.

The full form sa-bar-sud-da

occurs

in Z I M M E R N , K . L . , 199 I 28; II 34; and the term is commented upon in P B S . X , pt. 2, note on Ni. 7184, 3 1 .

sa-gar-ra-am,

" I t is a sagar melody," is the rubric after a musical passage in a liturgy to Libit-Ishtar, Z I M M E R N , l

Note also gii-ki-gal

sa-gar-ra-kam,

199 II 35—111 4.

The antiphon of the sagar

melody is (as follows), Historical 16.

K.L.,

and Religious

Texts, p.

12,

The rubric will be found also in R A D A U , B E . 29, 1 III 5.' Both phrases indicate a song sung with the accompani-

ment of some instrument.

T h a t sa denotes an instrument is

evident from Rev. I l l 4, nar-sa following nar-balag,

musician

of the lyre. 4502 SYLLABAR

B

This tablet contained in its original condition the important text known as S b . editions signs

the

without

Unlike the later Assyrian and Babylonian

Nippur

text

Semitic

has

only

translations

The tablet is probably Cassite.

the and

b

Sumerian phonetic

S and S

bl

list

of

readings.

originated among

the Sumerian schoolmen who wrote out a list of signs based upon their classical

Sumerian forms.

Similar lists of

first dynasty containing the Sumerian originals of both and S a will be found in C T . V.

the Sb

Tablet No. 4502 carried six

columns of closely written text on each side.

The obverse

and the reverse as far as the middle of Col. II contain all 1

For gi-gal = mibir jamari, see my note on Ni. 7184, 33 in P B S . X , pt. 2.

STEPHEN

LANGDON—SUMERIAN

GRAMMATICAL

TEXTS

13

of S b . At this point the text begins to repeat the entire syllabar. Examples of this kind of repetition are numerous in the school texts at Nippur, but it is difficult to explain in the later periods, for a Sumerian text book of this kind would hardly have been used in the Semitic schools. The tablet probably represents a copy of an early text. Obverse 1 is entirely gone. The first legible sign in Col. II is idim, fifth sign from the end of S b Col. I. The text here restores the end of S b I and the beginning of S b II. Note the sign megidda = sabitu, sow, already known from a Berlin variant, No. 523. In S b II 6 the sign for amurru is identical with that for Akkad, proving an original historic connection between Accad and the Amorites. At this point the Rev. IV sets in as a variant. After a long break Col. I l l begins with S b II 47, labar. The sign MES = S b II 54 occurs but once; i. e., kihb = rittu, and kunukku, seal, is omitted. This is correct, since the original sign for kunukku was DUP and MES is a late substitute. S b II 65 agargara, water animals, is omitted and properly so since the sign A l U N + H A properly began with NUN in a slanting position nu-un-te-en, C T . X I 49, 28. Hence it does not belong here. The sign TUR = tarbasu occurs twice. According to our text the signs dub = napasu and balag = balangu are not originally identical. Note that alad = S b III 41 has not the determinative dingir. For S b III 45 sa-a = DIRIG = samu, be red, the Nippur text has KAL\ AB occurs but b once. The sign AKA = S IV 4 occurs but once. The sign ga\a is not gunufied but identical with KUM. The sign BAD is entered thrice. Note the original(P) form of kisal. The b sign for garub and kisim is not the one given in S IV 52 f. The sign ab = arhu is omitted. The sign LI PES occurs only b twice, but MESI is entered twice. S V 65 is omitted. After

'4

UNIVERSITY

MUSEUM—BABYLONIAN

SECTION

a long break we come to S b V 29. The signs in S b V 3 1 - 3 are clearly misleading in the Assyrian text. After NUNUZ in lugtan, a jar or bowl, is annexed BUR and after NUNUZ in mud = huburu is annexed simply BI. S b has a break at V 47 which H R O Z N Y in Z A . 19, 368 partly restored. Our text at the top of Rev. I is sadly defective but we may hazard the following restoration: V. 48. si-ig = $U+$U = ensu. 49. si-ig = $U-\-$U = katnu. [Here an illegible sign not given in the published Assyrian texts.]

50. su-ul = $UL = idlu. 51. du-un = $UL = hiru. 52. sa-ag = $AH = sabu. Omitted 53. su-bur = $AH = sahu.

on N i . 4502.

Our text omits lu-kar = hablum. At the top of Rev. II, UZU repeated twice corresponds to b S VI 23, but sugur precedes. The next two signs should correspond to the sign UBI and its selsig form GALAM, see Historical and Religious Texts, p. 45. ZAG is entered twice, and also MUNSUB. USAN is omitted. The idiogram for the river Euphrates is inserted. In the succeeding portion where the syllabar is repeated a restoration of S b Col. I would be welcome but our text sadly fails us. For PES entered three times our text has the gunu of KAD twice, followed by KAD. Note also that the Babylonian variant in W E I S S B A C H , Miscellen, B E . 13667 has KADGUN U for HA-GUNU in all three positions. Hence the original text was: pi-es = KAD-GUNU = napa.su, S A I . 5090. pi-el = KAD-GUNU — pa$adu, S A I . 5092. ka-ad = KAD =kasaru, S A I . 5096 and

830.

DA is entered twice, after which follows ID entered thrice. Hence S b I 3 1 - 3 is restored:

STEPHEN

LANGDONi — S U M E R I A N

GRAMMATICAL

TEXTS

15

[a-a] - ID — idu. [a-a] = 1 D = abu. [a-a] = ID=[e~muku(?)].1 Here W E I S S B A C H ' S text breaks away. The text in 4502 has two signs between ID and mas, bar which correspond perhaps to gu-ur and dessu in CT. X I 15a 37 f. These signs appear to be BAD and X. Our text restores S b I su-[us] = SU and ni-i = SU+BIL = puluhtu. See also P O E B E L , PBS. 104 I V 12 and C L A Y ' S Yale Syllabar 290. In S b HUL is entered thrice but in our text the third sign corresponding to bi-ib-ra is not HUL but a similar sign. Ni. 6061 published as No. 54 repeats a section of S b Col. I several times. This tablet has in each case BAD and SO for BAD and X before MAS. Hence di-el-su in CT. XI 15a 38 must be regarded as a value of the sign SO repeated three places below, gu-ur is then a value of BAD, a sign entered twice in S b at I 64 (idim) and IV 22 {bad, wi) = R E C . i i . It is possible then that Ni. 4502 entered BAD thrice. Perhaps C T . XI 15a 37 is to be restored ti-il = BAD = balatu ( R E C . 11). Hence the sign BAD appears in three places in S b and the Assyrian form results from a confusion of three classical signs. Ni. 6061 R. I has instead of ID thrice only one sign, which is a peculiar form of ID and Col. Ill has a sign for ID resembling that of Ni. 4502. 6509 A small fragment from the right edge of a large tablet. It carries a few lines at the bottom of the last column of the obverse, and at the top of the first column of the reverse, thus forming a continuous text of 20 lines which form a duplicate 1

This should correspond to C T . X I 15a 36.

UNIVERSITY

i6

MUSEUM—BABYLONIAN

SECTION

of p a r t of R e v . I a n d IV on N i . 19791 = POEBEL, P B S . V

152.

T h e t e x t m a y be restored as follows: 1. [me-a-an-ti-en] 2. [me-a-an-ti-en]

[me-a-an-te-en-]ne-en \me-a-an-ti-\en-it-en [me-a]e-ne-ne [me-a] lù me-en-ne-en* [me-a lù]{a-en-ii-eni [me-a lù e?]-ne-ne [me-a IM-RI-A-mu] [ûrgim] [ûr-gtnnam]

3 456. 78. 910. 11. 12.

[

]

'3 [ 14. [

1

•5- [ 16.

1

]

>718.

a-li at-tal a-li a-na-ku a-li ni-nu* a-li at-tu-nu3 a-li lu-nu a-li ni-su-ni a-li ni-su-ku-nu a-li ni-su-ïu-nu a-li ki-im-ii kiaam6 ki-aam-ma ki-i ki- a- am as-sum ki-a-am ki-a-am ma-at-a-am a-na(?)kia- am 1a-am-ma na û-ta li-im Û- ta

Where art thou? Where am I ? Where are we? Where are you? Where are they? Where are our folks? Where are your folks? Where are their folks? Where is my family? T h u s ; like this. Thus it is. After this fashion. Therefore. For such purpose.

13267 This f r a g m e n t

from a

two column

for the most p a r t u n i n t e r p r e t e d .

tablet

must

remain

N o t only are the Sumerian

words badly preserved but the values themselves a r e unusual. Beginning

with

line

unknown.

F o r supurru,

Sumerian is dur,

one

II 7 gan = karbu,

and ku-nu

= kiribu,

Ni. 19791 Rev. I 24.

II

gig = supurru[.

In II 5 ne = kardu,

Gr. 2 3 1 .

1

Col.

see C L A Y , Miscel.

durum. sanaku,

and KUCHLER, Median

of

. . .]

53, 1 2 2 where the strong;

n e a r ; cf. gana = karabu,

see

press near, BRUNNOW, NOS. 1 0 5 8 7 - 8

67 f.;

also P B S . I 2 2 , 22.

T h a t text employs NI f o r li.

4

Literally " t h e people—WE."

6

For this independent form of the 2d per. pi. cf. POEBEL,

PBS.

VI,

p. 4 0 ,

8.

Sum.

C T . 12, 10a 1

' Var. R e v . I 25. 3 Var. R e v . 1 26.

'See

is

fa-a-an-^i-en, Ni.

[9791 V I I I , 8.

STEPHEN

II

11-16

LANGDON—SUMERIAN

has the Sumerian

GRAMMATICAL

'7

TEXTS

words for the well

known

Semitic ipku, which forms an element of proper names in all periods. 1 ipku,

The root is epeku and a synonym of remu,2 hence

ipku mercy.

In nomenclature it is represented by sig,

sig a variant of sag = datnäku, and the ideogram in II 11 ends in sig.

Hence names like Ipku-Ishtar

etc.

N o t e also ip-ki-5u

mean, " M e r c y of Ishtar,"

lukallimmu-ka,

see his m e r c y , " C T . 22, No. 35, 3 5 .

" M a y he cause thee to C f . ibid.

36, 32.

A t the

end of the fragment two words for diseases are given, sinittu, leprosy and mangu.

In R A . X I , 84, 33 as-gig = sinnitu;

word appears as si-ne-it-ta

in K. 45, 1 1 .

See H O L M A ,

the

Kleine

Beiträge 20. 4608 Obverse II contains a fragmentary list of ornaments for women. DAG-gig, "black stone." Mentioned with däg-UD, "the white stone," probably to be read däg-bar-ra after CT. 14, 3b 1. See also CT. VI 12b 34 f. DAG-NE, mentioned with däg-$I as in CT. 14, 3b 3. Explained by aban pi-in-du-u, CT. 14, 15, 34 in a list of ornaments of a woman's apparel. pindü is explained by aban iiat, "fire-stone," and by ianibu, Rm. 339, 13 f. in CT. 18, 26. The latter stone ia-ni-bu is rendered a-a-ni-bu (i. e., iä-ni-bu) =däg-ZA+SUH-UNU-KI, in an unpublished syllabar, DEL. H. W., 50a and by abanza-ni-bu (CT. 14, 17a \o)=däg-ZA-SUlJUNU-KI for which CT. 14, 15, 11 has simply "'"'"ni-bu. The sign däg = abnu has also the values id and ja,3 and consequently ianibu and {a-nibu are both loan-words whose first syllable represents the word for jewel.4 nibu consequently represents the word without the determinative and we must suppose a value ni-iif" for ZA-SUH-UNU-KI. 1

See RANKE, Personal Names 89 ff.; TALLQUIST, N eubabykmiscbes Namenbuch 300. * C T . 18, 22, 34. See also si-la = ep1ku, be merciful, POEBEL, P B S . V 102 IV 18, and sila = mindatum, compassion, ibid. 16. The word sila came to have this sense from sila womb. 3 The value ¡a for Br. 5221 was first conjectured by CLAV, B E . 14, 23 and is confirmed by Voc. Berlin, 523 I 25. 4 See on the distinction between däg, stone, and id, jewel. Sum. Gr. 56. ' V R. 22, 23 gave 1a-ba-bu and C T . 12, 28, 26 {a-ba-[bu?]; a BERLIN Vocabulary has {abalam (DELITZSCH, Glossar 2 1 8 ) .

.8

UNIVERSITY MUSEUM

BABYLONIAN

SECTION

DELITZSCH, H. IV. 50, cites K. 4349, 10 f. ?a(or i&)-ZUR-DUG-LI and (%d)-ia-ni-bul as Sumerian equivalents of ja-ni-bu. According to the ideogram ianibu should mean "jewel of Hallab," and probably refers to an ornament of the apparel of Ishtar. C T . 14, 15 also contains names of Ishtar's apparel. dag-NE or id, (d,-NE means precisely "fire stone," and pituM is probably for pentH, "live coal," hence "glowing object," "fire stone." In this case the disease pendu is a kind of red fiery tumor and really the same word as peniu.2 DAG-UR, here for the first time. Probably aban-basti, "jeweled cloth of the pudendum." 3 DAG-TU, explained by (aban) ia-ra-bu, C T . 14, 15, 33, another example of the Sumerian ja "jewel," incorporated into a loan-word. Explained a s ia-suba

sig = aban

subu

samtu,

" t h e red a g a t e , " C T .

14, 15, 33.

In

any case an ornament, jeweled article, worn by women at the waist; DAG-TUD

sa kabli-sa,

" t h e jarahn

of h e r l o i n s , "

I V R . 3 1 , 54, w h e r e

it is a gloss on sibbu, "girdle(?)." Must we assume a value rag for TU? DAG-U-TU, "birth-stone," clearly a jeweled cloth worn by women and synonymous with 1arahu. DAG-nu-U-TU. DAG-?-bar. DAG-SAG(?)-DU, For

aban bani{?),

sag-du = banH,

a n d h e n c e s y n o n y m of ¡a-u-tud

see S A I .

2319

and

nin-du-sag

= beliu

= aban

aladi.

banitu,

CT.

24, 12, 7. OBVERSE

III

Line 2 is probably to be restored from C T . VI 12a 10 aban algamis* Line 3, (dag) kisib-X=aban kunuk algamiti, a seal made of the algamish stone. Cf. C T . VI 12a 1 1 . Line 4, {dag) gis-X = C T . VI 12a 12. The same stone without determinative abnu is found in a dream omen, K. 45, 16 (PSBA. 1914, PI. X I I I ) , where it is said to be seen designed on a wall. 1 Here the scribe employs the loan-word as a Sumerian word and ignoring the syllable ja adds once again the determinative. The reference K. 4349 is erroneous, for this tablet contains only lists of gods. 1

See also HOLMA, O L Z . 1 9 1 4 , 2 6 3 .

•Also DAG-SI probably refers to the "gall-stone," or a jeweled band worn at the upper waist. 4 Here the sign is S A L + K A B , but in our text NI + KAB. On these various forms for algamish, see RADAU, B E . Series D. V 54; Historical and Religious Texts, p. 29 n. 4 and Ni. 4585 in this volume. MEISSNER, SAI. 1761 and 4069 wholly misunderstood the sign. Another form UD+ SAL+KAB is certainly identical with gil-\rSAL-\-KAB in Historical and Religious Texts, p. 64 n. 3. The GI$ or UD+X represents a species of the algamish stone, gis is probably the original form. Cf. also lir-gal, Gud. St. B. 6, 15, etc., with gii-sir-gal, Br. 1657.

STEPHEN

LANGDON—SUMERIAN

GRAMMATICAL

TEXTS

19

Line 5, {dag) al-X. Line 6, (dag) kisib-al-X, a seal of al-X stone. Line 7, (dag) e-li-li, "the elil-stone." Written also e-li-el, Historical and Religious Texts 29, 8; B E . VI Ser. D 42. Variant of alalu. Line 8, (dag) e-li-li, " a seal of ¿/«/-stone." Line 9, dag gis-e-li-li, "the gis-elel-stone." Line 10, dag-NUNUZ, followed by white and black NUNUZ-stone, as in C T . VI 12b 23.

The reverse Col. 1 speaks of the newly born ( N U N U Z - b i ) and the nearly matured (amar-bi) of animals, but the fragment permits no definite information. 1 Col. II contains a list of woolen garments. 4594 Fragment from upper left corner of a two column tablet; contains about half of Cols. I and IV (or Col. II of reverse). By placing I 1 - 1 2 before line 1 of Col. IV and IV 15-24 at the end of Obv. I, both Cols. I and IV are completed. In other words, obverse and reverse of this tablet are identical. It follows on after 4599 whose last sign was MARUN or some combination of that sign and begins with a similar sign sig = lartu, "wool." The tablet completes the end of K. 4342 Rev. I ( = 1 1 R. 38 No. 1) and restores the greater part of K. 4342 Rev. II. It will be noted that 4599+4594 restores K. 4342 Obv. II 12 to Rev. II 21, where K. 4342 probably ended. The Asurbanipal colophon probably completed this column. We, therefore, lack one tablet of the Nippur collection to complete the duplicate of K. 4342 Obv. I and part of Obv. II. Obviously these Nippur syllabars were uninscribed on the reverse as Ni. 4599, or inscribed with a duplicate of the obverse as Ni. 4594. 1

Cf. GencmiUac, R A . V I I 159.

20

UNIVERSITY MUSEUM—BABYLONIAN

SECTION

REVERSE 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

galu galu galu galu galu galu galu galu galu galu

sa-ga{. Cf. Obv. 13. KU-gan * Cf. Obv. 14. le-gur-kud. Cf. Obv. 15. le-gur-gur. Cf. Obv. 16. le-ki-kel-da. Cf. Obv. 17. le-il-il.1 Cf. Obv. 18. se-BAD,4 Cf. Obv. 19. genbur" se-lal se-lal ki-ta7

1 1 . galu se-bal-gis.

Cf. Obv. 22. 9

12. galu ab-lal10 13. galu

al-la-ag-a11

14. galu àg-gul ag-a12 15.

nig-kud-da-ag-a

1. babbatu, plunderer. 1 2. 3. e$idu(?), harvester. 4. idem. 5-

6. 7-

8. fa babburi 9. ¿a/ii, water drawer. 6 10. la sapilti, one that draws water from the deep." 1 1 . dalu, water drawer. 12. dalu sa naplasti, or sapilti, one that draws from a deep place. 13. rapiku, one who uses a spade, or pick. 14. hipi2, demolisher, one who uses an axe. (Probably the workman who uses the pickaxe.) 15. makisu, tax gatherer.

1

M D O G . , No. 35, p. 25 also habiri. Not jid-mal = agru. ' C o n f i r m s S A 1 . 5471. • C f . 5e-bad-da = lin(u, "mark on a slave," and patanu, " t o eat," Voc. Hittite 7478 IV 50. It-nu = iun6, osier, hence amel sunt, " m a n who works with osiers, basket maker," seems excluded by the form of the sign on the tablet. ' ie-du-a = gii-Se-dii-a, cf. M V A G . 1 9 1 3 , No. 2, p. 20, 19; (gii) ¿enbur = ijabburu, Syn. niplu, Iikpu, litlu, sprout, stalk, stem, probably sprouting grain, growing grain. Syn. dilU, " g r a s s , " see P S B A . 1914, 3 1 . In R A . 9, 102, 13 iabburu really means seed corn, as I rendered in A J S L . 28, 228. 2

•Probable restoration of 11 R. 38 No. 1 Rev. II 3. 7 Perhaps also Obv. 2 1 . s S o II R. 62, 72 but 38, 3 dalu lapilti. i « < 5 ^ = rain, rain-water, cf. Sum. Cr. 239. DELITZSCH, H. W., 2 1 8 a and 62a read mulelu la lapilti which is not probable. • II R. 38, 5 [galu "se-]bal = da-lu-u. 10 Variant galu le-ki-ta (as II R. 62, 73) la lapilti. 11 Cf. kal al-ag, workman who uses a pick, DELAPORTE, Textes de I'Epoque d'Ur, 7386 Obv. 3; 7056, 4. For al, pick, spade, see Sum. Cr. 202. For the verb rapaku, to spade up, break up a field with pick and spade, see SCHORR, VAB. V, p. 190. Here A S K T . 72 II 4 alag fun-sal-ta ba-ab-ag-ia = ikla ina >tv urappik, " T h e field with a spade he spaded." ibju here clearly "spade," and note tun-sal, "the wide sickle." u

kal ag-gul, workman of the axe, DELAPORTE, ibid. 7056, 5.

STEPHEN 16.

galu

L A N G D O N — S U M E R I A N GRAMMATICAL 16.

läg-ri-ri-ga

TEXTS

kurbanni,1

la-kit

away

the

21

he w h o ritual

takes

material,

the incantor.

17. 18.

18.

gun-bi

19.

19.

gun-bi-ne-ne

2 0 . gun 21.

17. biliti

gun

gun

22.

bilatsu bilatsunu

a-sag-ga

2 0 . bilat

gis-iar

21.

[bilat

22.

[bilat

gun-se 1

23.

gun-se-NIgii

2 3 . bilat

2 4 . gun

sü-lum

2 4 . bilat

ikli ki-ri-]e se-'-]im samassamni suluppi

4599 Fragment of a syllabar;

Semitic renderings broken away.

Restores K. 4342, Obv. II to end of Rev. I (II R. 38, No. 1). Duplicates, K. 9961 + R m . 609 (CT. 19, 2 and V R. 20, No. 2) which belong to the same tablet. sa-du-ul-bi3

I.

Series ana it-ti-su. 1 . aburru,

pond-garden,

lake-park,

shrubbery. 1

The meaning of kurbannu, kirbannu, if connected with Heb. korban, is gift, offering, but this meaning hardly suits any of the passages in Assyrian. The Sumerian lag = lilu, to knead, and nig-lag-gi = lilu, dough, lit, poultice, mixture, used in incantations, kurbannu seems to be employed for the bread and meal applied to patients and washed away, in A S K T . 7 1 , 10 lag-bi an-ri-ri-ga = kirban-lu ilakkat, "he shalt seize away his mixture (and spread about incense)." Hence lakit kurbanni is the alipu priest who removes (kuppuru) the applications of bread, water and meal (lit) after the tabu has passed into them, hence kurbannu "tabooed mixture, defiled bread." This is an entirely different idea from that of the late Hebrew and New Testament usage of Corban, a gift vowed to God, and hence tabooed (in a good sense). I am unable to see any reference to giving, offering, in kurbannu, which often means lump, roll of clay or dough. Note that II R. 38, 11 is followed by the alipu which is omitted here because lakit kurbanni and alipu are synonyms. * C f . Br. 5842. 1 Var. II R. 38, 12 = V R. 3 1 , 1, sa-dul-bi. Note sa-Jul = kattmtu, enclosing net. aburru certainly something enclosed, protected by shrubbery, lattice work, and probably a "garden with pond, a park with pond screened by a hedge." Also u-sal = aburru in kur u-sal = mat aburri, land of garden-ponds, a land hedged about by natural obstructions, Z D M G . 53, 657, 28, hence a land of security, and aburril, in security, kur u-sal-la nd-a = mdtu la aburril rabfu, "land which reposes in security," ibid. 29. Hence loan-word usallu, garden with pond enclosed by shrubbery. Note (ifu) u-sal-lu-u = kiltum, forest, II R. 23, 50. it-sal nari, garden with pond and canal passing through it; iumma ina u-sal ndri (lam) illuru naplus, "if in a pond-

22

UNIVERSITY

2. e 3 4

MUSEUM—BABYLONIAN

2. bit

sa-du-ul-bil

ri-ba-na2 e ri-ba-na

house

in

a

pond-

dividing

5- biritu. 6. igar biriti. 7- ibassi 8. ul bassi

kaskal

910. 11. 12.

gar-ra-an gar-ra-an gar-ra-an-gur'

6 ' 3 - ka-gir 14. gû-ud-da1 ' 5 - ki-us

barranu, r o u t e . ditto urhu, r o a d . kanagurru, r o a d .

>3- padanu, 14. daraggu 15- kiussu. 16. kibsu.

kalam-ma

16. ki-us >718. 19. 20.

aburri,

garden. biritu, dividing wall. 3bit biriti, house with 4wall.

5- ri-ba-na 6. i{-li1 ri-ba-na 7- nig -gal-la 8. i:u-nig-gal-la 910. 11. 12.

SECTION

ki-us siigur

way.

sugur-lal

'7- daraggu 18. kimmatu, h a i r of t h e h e a d . 19. ki-[immatu?\s

sugur-lalJ

20.

g a r d e n of a c a n a l an i//uru-plant be s e e n , " BOISSIER, D A . 67, 27.

summa

ana

u-sal-li

i-si-tb-bu-11,

" i f iu/i/M-flies ana

u-sal-li

" i f Aw/i/u-flies f l u t t e r o v e r a g a r d e n - p o n d , " D A . 56, 12;

i-sa-an-ni-ku, rusumtu,

d e s c e n d u p o n a g a r d e n - p o n d , " ibid.

m a r s h ) , MAKLU, 3, 177.

13.

A h o u s e ina u-sal-li,

kima

(lam)

usallu,

a garden

mitfyurat

usallu,

or p a r k

ma'stakal

(index).

with

pond surrounded

by

nari,

(Syn.

B E . I X 50, 5 m e n -

ki'sad nari, " i n the park on t h e b a n k of t h e c a n a l . " a hedge.

Hence

Feminine gender;

" L i k e a flat-roof t h e s h r u b b e r i e s w e r e l e v e l e d , " D e l u g e

t i o n s t h e (itu usalli

ina u-sal-li

" i n a g a r d e n w i t h p o n d , " C T . IV IT 13.

S e e f o r u-sal nari in d e s c r i p t i o n s of l a n d , SCHORR, V A B . V usallu t i o n s a v i l l a g e H i d f l a , ii-sal-la

kulili

135.

" c l a y of t h e p o n d - g a r d e n of t h e c a n a l , " KING, Magic,

aburru,

kima

uri

A ritual m e n 25, 6.

Sargon

q u a r t e r e d his m i l i t a r y a n i m a l s in t h e usallu of a c o n q u e r e d c i t y , i. e., in the c i t y p a r k , THUREAUDANGIN, Sargon

187.

ana u-sal-lim

la eli ndr Puratte

b y t h e E u p h r a t e s , " SCHEIL, Tukulti-Ninip tamirti

ali,

w h i c h he t o o k f r o m t h e mal-DI

V a r . II R. 38, 13 p r o b a b l y e

' V a r . ri-ba-an-na, 3

atta'il,

" I m a r c h e d to t h e p a r k w h i c h is

S e n e c h e r i b t o o k land f r o m the usalli

u

" p a r k a n d m e a d o w - l a n d of t h e c i t y , " for his palace, a n d raised a t e r r a c e w i t h t h e

e a r t h of t h e usallu 1

O b v . 62.

ibid.

of the river.

sa-dul-bi.

1 5.

Var. i-ji.

* H e r e f o r ni-gal-la,

o r p e r h a p s read

6

V a r . K . 9 9 6 1 , 4 + 1 1 R . 38, 2 7 ,

6

V a r . ka-glr.

7

V a r . o m i t s da.

8

See

nl-gdl-la.

kan-gur.

H e r e V a r . inserts gir-nig-gal-la

MEISSNER,

= kibsu.

H e r e V a r . inserts ki-ul-kalam-ma S A L

= nardamu,

nirdamu,

6527.

' V a r . o m i t s , b u t h a s a n i n s e r t i o n su&ur-gig = £a-[

], b l a c k hair.

w a y of the l a n d .

STEPHEN

LANGDON—SUMERIAN

21.

sugur-lal-lal

21.

22.

gu-me-ri-ri

22.

23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29 30. 31. 32.

gû-da-ri-a? gû-ag-a4 gû-nig-gili-ma gû-dib [dib]-sag8 [sag-sum-]me9 «m10 [¿/-J bal-la [ii-] bal-la [ki-\ bal-lan

2324. 2526.

GRAMMATICAL

TEXTS

23

kimmatu kit{?)-\ c o v e r e d w i t h head-hair. bu[-un-nu-bu], b e a r in a b u n dance. 2 nanduru, t o be a n g r y . kitpulu, w r i t h e , fold. 5 sikpêtu, o v e r t h r o w . 6 haltikku1 ditto. hâsu, h a s t e n .

2728. 29. 30. mat pale, land of rebellion. 3 i - mat nukurti, land of h o s t i l i t y . 32- mat nabalkattu, land of insurrection. unnubu, b e a r in a b u n d a n c e . 33ussubu, b e a r richly, t h r i v e . 34sâru, w i n d . 3536. mehû, h u r r i c a n e . 37- sakummatu, lapse i n t o silence. 38. rubsu, stall. 39- kabu

33. [lum-]lum 34. lam-lam11 35. si-si-jgn 36. si-si-ig 37. si-si-ig 38. marun13 39. [ ]-marun

' M E I S S N E R , S A I . 6529, kitmumu. A verb kamàmn, variant of kamù, bind, surround, should be expected. N o t e ka-ma-mu, a disease, S y n . (e'u and nûs kakkadi, dizziness of the head, K. 1 0 0 1 4 >n C T . 18, 26. 2 Employed in V R a w . 19a 8 after hanàbu la pirtim, to thrive of the hair, but in Z A 8, 200, SCHEIL 2 3 , U gir ba-an-sù-ba = le'im bu[nnubu], of grain. C f . also gii-fce-en-me-ir-me-tr = liftnub, " M a y thy brightness be a b u n d a n t , " R A . 1 1 , 149, 34. T h e variant K. 9961 has the original f o r m , me-ir-me-ir. II R. 38h has only hu-un-nu-bu.

» Vars. K. 9 9 6 1 , 1 7 + 1 1 R . 38b 2 omit a. 4 Var. gû-ni-ag-a. Rra. II 40 R e v . 6, C T .

19, 37 has a-dug-ga-aga-a

= likû[ia

].

THOMPSON'S reading is correct from KING'S collation and S A I . 2049 should be suppressed. ' BOISSIER, Choix 1 4 1 , 1 3 , gloss on patâlu. Serpents iktaplu, iklappilu, writhe, BOISSIER, D A . 262, 4; PINCHES, Texts 1 2 a 27. akaplakim, " I will do it for thee t w i c e , " R A . 1 1 , 75, 2 1 . See also JASTROW, Religion 1 0 1 7 . gû-ag-a, use the neck. ' C f . gu-gili = mundah}u, 7478 II 3 5 - 7 .

warrior, mutikku,

slayer, hâbilu,

plunderer, Voc. Hittite, Berlin

' So both variants II R . 38, 5 and V R. 20, 35. 8

Sic!

Variants

sag-dib.

' Variants mu. 10 11 u 11

Variants h a v e no line correspond : ng to 1. 29. Here variants h a v e a sectional line. Variants,

stg-sig.

Here and in II R a w . 38, 26 the inserted sign is gud+gud, SAI. 7741.

but in C T . 12, 26, 1 6 kal.

See

UNIVERSITY

24

MUSEUM

BABYLONIAN

SECTION

4598

A Sumerian list of chairs, beds and similar articles. at the middle from top to bottom.

Broken

T h e tablet probably belongs

to the period of Samsuiluna but may be later, and possibly Cassite.

It is part of a series containing long lists of objects

made of wood and is the original of a portion of the large Assyrian

vocabulary,

Assyrische

Lesestiicke,

K.

4338a, 1

published

3d edition, 86-90.

in

DELITZSCH,

Ni. 4598 begins at the

end of Col. I of K . 4378a, and contains all of Col. II (which it restores) and a part of Col. I l l , which can be almost wholly restored.

T h e colophon of K. 4338a states that the Assyrians

knew this series as gar-ra = hubullu, the fourth tablet.

of which K. 4338a formed

T h e third tablet has been published in

transcription by M E I S S N E R ,

1 9 1 3 No. 2, 1 0 - 3 0 ;

MVG.

entirely devoted to names of trees.

it is

T h e same scholar has

recently published another complete tablet of this series in his Assyriologiscbe

Studien,

No. 1, Leiden,

1916.

It is probable

that the Nippur collection contains the original of the entire series.

The

Assyrian

redaction

contains

several

changes,

additions and omissions. 1. gil-gu-ia lig-ga I 68

=K.

2. gil-gu-za gid-da3 = 1 69 3. gii ,, str-ra4 = I 70 4. gii „ sal-e-NEi = 11 1 1

4338a

1.

da-mi-ik-tum, mercy seat. 2

2. ka-lak-ku, the long seat. 3. ku-us-si a wagon-seatP 4. ku-us-si linnisati, seat of women.

DELITISCH gave this tablet as K. 4378a but it is numbered 43380 in B.zold's Catalogue. • T h e term has probably a special religious sense, referring to the seat on which the gods sit in receiving worshippers, as shown so frequently on seals. Cf. Bpovot t»}s ^apcro5, Heb. 4, 16. • R T C . 2 2 1 Obv. V I ; 222 IV 4. This term has also some unknown special significance. 4 Var. sir-da. T h e Semitic appears to have slr-[di-e], cf. II R. 23, 5. • sal-e-NE occurs as a verb in Gud. Cyl. A. 22, 5.

STEPHEN

LANGDON—SUMERIAN

5. gil-gu-ia 1ag-bi-ul1 = 11 2 6. gis 7- ««

„ ,,

LA-LAM-TI-TUM ki3-ui

'5- g"

kaskal nitag sai6 gar-? gar-? gii-ginar bara1 nt-ma-lâ

16. gis

ki-ui8

8. gis 9 10. il. 12. 13. 14.

g" gis gis gis gis gis

,, „ .. „ ,,

17. gii

„

sei9

18. gii 19. gii 20. gii

,,

sag-gul-la10 aniu lugal11

„

GRAMMATICAL

TEXTS

25

5- ku-us-si ni-[me-di], chair with foot rest. 6. a-rat-ti-ti,2 chair with foot-rest. ]4, chair for jour7- TAR-[ neying. 8. kussi harratti, chair for the route.5 9- Chair for men. IO. Chair for women. 11 12 '3- Seat for a wagon. '4- Chair for the holy chamber. '5- kussi pulubti(?), seat of adoration^). seat of hu16. kussû-iapiltum(?), miliation? mourner's •7- napalsubtum(?), seat. 18. Seat of gladness of heart. 19. Saddle(P) for an ass. 20. Royal chair, throne.

I

R T C . 221 Obv. I 10 and perhaps II 9 has iag-bi-us-ka, " a seat with foot-rest made of ivory." Var. 11 4 has here an additional ideogram gii gu-;a {ag-git-ussa = kusst „ , i.1., nimedi. Cf. gii gu-{a 1ag-bi-us {abar-ra gulkin gar-ra, R T C . 222 I end. ' Restored from II R. 23, 4 a-rai-li-i = kussi nimedi, and Var. II 4 gii-gu-^a aratta=a-ral[ ¡amaru are employed in connection with controlling irrigation by locks, dams and canals, bal is probably the root (bal 2) to pour out. Sum. Cr. 205.

* For mi^ir la ndri, dike, dam, see GENOUILLAC, T S A . L X I X n. v.

* sikkuru, bar or bolt which secures the two wings of the water-gate. Perhaps sik-[ku-ru\ is to be restored in V R. 32, 40 kan mi^ri = sik , a reed dike, in which case sikkuru is there employed in the same sense. MUSS-ARNOLT, Lexicon 532 (followed by GENOUILLAC, ibid ) restores sik-r[um].

UNIVERSITY MUSEUM—BABYLONIAN

36

4. ki i-bi lag sil-dagal-la-lû 5. da e galu-?-gt-{u 6. é amar-ba-ab gina lugal-kel 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.

ki amar-ba-ab-ta An-da-nu-me-a-ge in- li- làm sàm-til-la-bi-lu \yi ìiklu kaspitti in-naanlai ud kûr-lu amar-ba-ab u dumu-bi

13. a-na a-na-[{da-)nu-me-a] 14. é-bi-sû enim nu-um-[mal-malne-a 15. tnu lugal-bi in-pad-dé-el

SECTION

4. Its exit is upon the carrefour. 5. Beside the house of Galu-?-gizu. 6. House of Amarbab, heir of Lugalkes. 7. From Amarbab, 8. Andanumea 1 9. has purchased. As its full price 10. 1 y i shekels of silver 1 1 . he has weighed out to him. 12. In future days Amarbab and his son 13. against Anadanumea 14. for this house shall not make complaint. 15. They swore in the name of their king.

4616 L E T T E R OF THE C A S S I T E PERIOD CONCERNING G R A I N . ADDRESSED BY MARDUKRAIMKITTI 2 TO THE I. a-na be-li-ja ki- béma um-ma 'luMarduk-ra-im-ki-[it-ti] arad- kama 5. a-na di-na-an be-li-{a lu- ulliik $E A$-AN-NA-ge* ki-am MUBI-IM 1200 + 30 + 9 {le) 30 + 6 + '/s (kunalï) le {mat) feal-ma-an{ki)

KING(?).

To my lord say: Thus (saith) Mardukraimkitti Thy servant. "Unto my lord himself verily I come. As to the wheat and spelt, so is the account. 1239 gur of wheat and 36 gur 60 ka of spelt, grain from the land Halman; 4

'"Beside Anu there is none." Cf. e-ni-da-nu-mi-en = ina bali-su, Voc. Hittite, Berlin 7434 c in D E L I T Z S C H , Abbandlungen der König. Preuss. Akademie No. 3, 1914 p. 17. 1 A letter by the same writer and commencing with a similar salutation has been published by RADAU, Letters to Cassite Kings No. 30. Concerning the formula ana dinan bili-ia, see ibid.

P 33

'ie'u u kunaiu. See SAI. 4822 and Historical and Religious Texts, pi. 48 1. 33. A city and district east of Bagdad on the Elamitic border, according to DELITZSCH, Paradies 205, modern Hulwan. alu \>al-man, BA. VI pt. 1, 147 I. 80. mat bal-ma-an, KB. I 151, 190, and see ibid, map opp. p. 217. Only here with suffixed ki which denotes a city, see for mat (ki), to denote a province named after its chief city, Sum. Cr. p. 58. 4

STEPHEN

LANGDON—SUMERIAN

1800 + 4 + Vs + 7 » (se) 50 + 9 (kunasi) pu-ru-rat-ta-al-(kiy 10. 4 + y 5 + V30 »ifl' ba-ma-na-ki2 an-nu-u la mab-ru a-di-ni ul i-ka-as-la-da-am 1

GRAMMATICAL

TEXTS

37

1804 gur 260 fca of wheat, 59 gur of spelt from Pururattash; 4 gur 150 l1 frflL

20

\^

^

M v ^

a

t

»

»

HF

PLATE V I I

BABYL. PUB. UNIV. MUSEUM VOL. X I I

6 REVERSE

. ^

1 4 1

S

^

n f

4 1 " .

,-•/

hé-

• :• :• . ¥ r â M ^ i W i i ? •m ^ M ^ ^ v -

hr-

w^m

ft

M

.

••

" •

^

à t â

tarfWF A - W H f £> m sä w! ^ Hf ÏF ^ >Wr ft tri if ^r ^ w 4MMi_M Äiti

•

^ •

qk ¥ m

h:\4-I

10

1»

20

A^

^

M

tfÈ

M U ^ ^:

a w ^

^ w

toi :. . v .

m

w

^

M

w

¿r

a

^

m i t vt vU M ^h

v^ IT . V ^ W ^

ul

b


s UJ co

o S

m O.

>

m < m

-r

tí fc=

- H- •

ïÇ •-'.•.

I

Y^

* * % l t i

í>-

^

.V , v

^X-Ü».

t x x t t .

A-O-

-¡C

t

Jji

5 '"2 4^1=1

Csi^—•

fe=ñ

^ Sir I YX?rY SlHy i t Y5Y1 I5^4Y^ Ï T i "fí X i? i Y5 H Ï -ár 8 8

BABYL. PUB. UNIV. MUSEUM VOL. X I I

PLATE X I I

9 OBVERSE COL

3

COL.

n i

Ra

ff

4

fc.

tir I ' r j. '

«

t -

w

^

h j t 10

H

M a

Hi

Y.

15

H

«

• bii!

V

20 —

« . ... 4

7 .

A- l>

25

B A B Y L . PUB. UNIV

M U S E U M VOL. XII

P L A T E XIII

REVERSE

•

i

V1—a

4-n

m

t-hVJe ® Sdi Ö

H».

r v»—v—i

10

to tW-^n

15

r \.

«S4

-.-Vrrfc VV,',

i^w r paIt ö ®

—

V

15

i f -

»W

70

20 jf^-V

\

h P A

5-

KS pi l e

BABYL.

PUB.

UNIV.

MUSEUM

VOL.

XII

PLATE

11 O B V E R S E - CONTINUED

XVI

BABYL. PUB. UNIV. MUSEUM VOL. XII

PLATE XVII

11

PLATE

BABYL. PUB. UNIV. MUSEUM VOL. X I I

12 OBVE.RSE

ur tntt^rw^m ft ^ ^ HÛ ^

M

.^f flf w^ fc if tf ^ fcfe rr u i? U Ff U êfîf^lEimm •W^f if Mc 5 ur

PLATE XIX

B A B Y L . PUB. UNIV. M U S E U M V O L . XII

OBVER8E COl.

2

PLATE X X BABYL. RUB. UNIV. MUSEUM VOL. X I I

13 REVERSE

Co«.. 1

ÏÏT M U t f ~ : srr

^

^

rr

ÏÏ

A

^ If •• r f ft

tt

H ^ ft K ïï ïït ft

M H

ft

»-•£ ;

PLATE XXI

B A B Y L . PUB. UNIV. M U S E U M V O L . XII

OBVERSE

/ ^ K tf ^ IT g Ii /m w m r*r m vt fei t M id ^ k> ft ^t^ m ¿ff &

PLATE X X I I

BABYL. PUB. UNIV. MUSEUM VOL. X I I

16

15

OBVERSE

REVERSE Coi. 2 , v .

W

I $ |

/

w

r

"

^

- / ' 'P- 1 • / / ; j _ j / ' J

l

^ ? Mi Ï®

i M

M K

M

PLATE X X I I I

BABYL. PUB. UNIV. MUSEUM VOL. X I I

17 OBVERSE

REVERSE

^rrr Etf t=r Tf F i^r w n m & M 8 ïï fflWà l

^ îî w W IT ' g f # (*

Btr , l i

Rff grr m ^ h ft H i t J l tr Brrfe M Hrr n 1 N 3 il M^M ¡är ?

n

ëW W rf m w H FP

BABYL. PUB. UNIV. MUSEUM VOL. XII

PLATE XXIV

18

OBVERSE 20

W W

fcHT :

.

Hll 1=1 JeT

: I--:*

15

•

W

iH

25

¥

•

W v Kfcr -m If

.

trlt'I

a vi

.

,'-. •:..

f Ä H m m

h ^

10

• :

30

35

llâ^S

H«

PLATE X X V

BABYL. PUB. UNIV. MUSEUM VOL. X I I

19

OBVERSE

m & m Wzxl T WD

FNW

u

JL&Xy.

«

sjica

C OÀU(yy[Çf[ —

ï î r feC> fc« ^ * M îi h m r ptr g i r «< W W v ^ ter M;r fe^ F Sit r iu ^h M

1•

"' •

PLATE X X X I

B A B Y L . PUB. UNIV. M U S E U M VOL. XII

23

f - i i ' r •'"••'/;: .

if

Mr

v-A

W tEf thV m

M

.

;î/fj/.'f/' .'¡ny.J/l,

^

ftWf KK âw tr m. & ^ Mi

mt*- m- r ^ ^ tèM ^ nfe H fr 1tttpwrfe^f nnF ft ^ Ik Ö Hf h- m ^ hä ^r ïf ^r ^ ^

BABYL. PUB. UNIV. MUSEUM VOL. X I I

PLATE X X X I I

25

O B V E R S E

CONTINUED

ON

NtxT

PA«E

PLATE

B A B Y L . PUB. UNIV. M U S E U M VOL. XII

25

OBVERSE

4

-

v

L

m

î

m

^

\

m

a

[

\

\

H

M

^

h hrnmm^ ERA8URE

U

m

M

V t Î

m U

^

^

XXXIII

PLATE B A B Y L . PUB. U N I V . M U S E U M VOL. X I I

25

REVERSE

COL. 1

,m

« m w w h « gr |t h^t H-r t^r

[mm mm mmh w mm. h >a Hf H" f w M ft ï&MMnfe:, :: H CONTINUED

ON

NEXT

PAG».

XXXIV

B A B Y L . PUB. U N I V . M U S E U M V O L . X I I

PLATE

25

REVERSE CONTINUED

20

W

25

m ft A i B

< M M

ft

^

H-i

M T

«

t t - f M M r

t

30

^

¿ ¿ m

&

v

r^i ^

m

? v

^

Ä

^

r

XXXV

PLATE

B A B Y L . PUB. UNIV. M U S E U M VOL. XII

26 OBVERSE

46

tF-

#

1 MkMÎKiff

^

XXXVI

BABYL. PUB. UNIV. MUSEUM VOL. X I I

PLATE X X X V I I

OBVERSE

.. . . >3 MK^ ^ ' ** HR n-r H 4f J m tî r? w s s r a M M i g - !

> -I X

UJ h
s

3 Lii co

s z ori => û_ >-

m < m

>

m

O

Ar-

5T

¿L M'i

M-

I

tr llJ

I

•V-

•aJ

•«t

V

, ¿

r

1

1

e

S

1

:

^

Ul^Y

Ä A

— •

-, i 3
— >—

I

S -i V ü

co

3 d 3 a.

t>—

•— t —

^ M

^

1 S

v.-

o >

-s

I---

¥