Somaliland in Figures [13 ed.]

Citation preview

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Table of Contents

PREFACE _________________________________________________________________________ i 1. INTRODUCTION _______________________________________________________________ 1 2. GEOGRAPHY AND CLIMATE _____________________________________________________ 1 2.1. LOCATION _________________________________________________________________ 1 2.2.

AREA _____________________________________________________________________ 1

2.3. CLIMATE ___________________________________________________________________ 1 2.4.

RAINFALL ________________________________________________________________ 2

2.5.

HUMIDITY _______________________________________________________________ 3

3. ADMINISTRATIVE SUB-DIVISIONS_________________________________________________ 3 3.1. STATE ______________________________________________________________________ 3 3.2. REGIONS AND DISTRICTS _______________________________________________________ 3 3.3.

CAPITAL ___________________________________________________________________ 3

3.4.

OTHER PRINCIPAL TOWNS _____________________________________________________ 3

3.5.

PORTS ____________________________________________________________________ 4

4. POPULATION _________________________________________________________________ 4 4.1 VITAL STATISTICS _____________________________________________________________ 4 4.2

POPULATION DENSITY ________________________________________________________ 4

4.3

RELIGION __________________________________________________________________ 4

4.4

LANGUAGES _______________________________________________________________ 4

4.5

CURRENCY _________________________________________________________________ 4

5 .Government Employees __________________________________________________________ 5 6. Economy Sector ________________________________________________________________ 8 6.1 GDP COMPILATION IN SOMALILAND_____________________________________________ 9 6.2

BANKING ________________________________________________________________ 11

6.3.

LIVESTOCK________________________________________________________________ 11

6.4 AGRICULTURE ______________________________________________________________ 13 6.4.1. RAIN-FED FARMING AND IRRIGATION _________________________________________ 13 6.4.2.

MARKETING OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE ______________________________________ 14

6.4.3.

CEREAL HARVEST IN 2010-2015 ______________________________________________ 14

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6.5 FISHERIES _________________________________________________________________ 16 6.5.1. ARTISANAL FISHING _________________________________________________________ 16 6.5.2. INDUSTRIAL FISHING _________________________________________________________ 16 6.5.3. FISH CANNERY ______________________________________________________________ 16 6.5.4. MARKETING________________________________________________________________ 17 6.6. CENTRAL GOVERNMENT BUDGET _______________________________________________ 18 6.7. LOCALGOVERNMENT REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE (Grade A Districts)___________________ 21 6.8. IMPORT ____________________________________________________________________ 26 Wajaale Custom _________________________________________________________________ 28 6.9. EXPORT_____________________________________________________________________ 35 6.9.1. LIVESTOCK EXPORT __________________________________________________________ 35 6.9.2. HIDE AND SKIN EXPORT ______________________________________________________ 38 6.9.3. FRANKINCENSE EXPORT ______________________________________________________ 39 6.10. TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION ____________________________________________ 40 7. SOCIAL SECTOR ________________________________________________________________ 42 7.1 EDUCATION __________________________________________________________________ 42 7.1.1 PRIMARY EDUCATION ________________________________________________________ 43 7.1.2 SECONDARY EDUCATION ______________________________________________________ 47 7.1.3. HIGHER EDUCATION _________________________________________________________ 50 7.2. HEALTH_____________________________________________________________________ 56 7.2.1PUBLIC HEALTH ______________________________________________________________ 56 7.2.2 PRIVATE HEALTH SERVICES ____________________________________________________ 67 7.3 JUSTICES ____________________________________________________________________ 75 7.3.1 CRIMINAL STATISTICS: __________________________________________________________________ 75

7.3.3 VEHICLE ACCIDENTS __________________________________________________________ 82 7.4 WATER______________________________________________________________________ 82 7.4.1 AVAILABLE WATER FACILITIES ____________________________________________________________ 82 7.4.2 STATUS OF BOREHOLES _________________________________________________________________ 84

7.5 TOURISM ____________________________________________________________________ 85 7.5.1 HOTELS ____________________________________________________________________ 85 iii

PREFACE The Ministry of National Planning and Development (MNP& D) has the honour of presenting the 2015 edition of Somaliland In-Figures. This booklet is the 13-th publication in the series. It contains official statistical data on various components of the economic and social activities in the Republic. Its purpose is to provide information on different sectors to assist in the planning and development of the nation. Data contained in this booklet is based mainly on the administrative records of the ministries and agencies of the state. The MNP&D is grateful for the assistance it received. Somaliland In-Figures will be regularly updated. Therefore, we welcome the continued support of existing sources and feedback from users of this data. Comments and suggestions may be sent to the Department of Statistics and Research at the MNP&D in Hargeisa. Email: [email protected] Website: www.slministryofplanning.org

“ XOG LA HEL YAABA TALO LA HEL.”

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1.

INTRODUCTION

The former British Somaliland Protectorate achieved full independence from the United Kingdom on 26 June, 1960. On 1 July, 1960, the state of Somaliland united with Somalia, a territory under a U.N. mandated Italian Trusteeship until that same day, thereby creating the Somali Republic. The Republic of Somaliland restored its independence after the total collapse of Somalia on 18 May 1991 as a result of the civil war of the late eighties and early nineties. The decision was made by the Congress of Council of Clan Elders held in Burao from 27 April to 15 May, 1991. Constitutionally, the Republic of Somaliland is a democratic country with a multi-party system. The decision to reclaim independence in 1991 was confirmed by national referendum for the constitution which and bodies the sanity of the sovereignty of Somaliland on which was approved by 97% of the votes. Since then Somaliland held two local municipal elections (2002 and 2012), a parliamentary election (2005) and two presidential elections (2003 and 2010).

2.

GEOGRAPHY AND CLIMATE

2.1.

LOCATION

The Republic of Somaliland is situated in the Horn of Africa. Its boundaries are defined by the Gulf of Aden in the north, Somalia in the east, the Federal Republic of Ethiopia in the south-west, and the Republic of Djibouti in the north-west. It lies between Latitudes 8o and 11o27’ North and Longitudes 42o35’ and 49o East; it has mountain ranges rising up to six and seven thousand feet in the centre and in the east of the country respectively.

2.2.

AREA

The total area of the Republic of Somaliland is 176,119.2 Sqkms (Source: London Her Majesty’s Stationery office - Colonial office) and it has a coastline which is 850kms long.

2.3. CLIMATE Somaliland is located north of the Equator. It is semi-arid. The average daily temperatures range from 25oC to 35oC. The sun passes vertically overhead twice a year, on 22 March and 23 September. Somaliland consists of three main topographic zones: (1). A Coastal Plain (Guban) (2) The Coastal Range (Oogo) (3) A Plateau (Hawd) The Coastal Plain (Guban) is a zone with high temperatures and low rainfall. Summer temperatures in the region easily average over 100”F. However, temperatures come down during the winter, and both human and livestock populations increase dramatically in the region. The Coastal Range (Ogo) is a high plateau to the immediate south of Guban. Its elevation ranges from 6000ft above sea level in the west to 7000ft in the East. Rainfall is heavier there than in Guban, although it varies considerably within the zone. The Plateau (Hawd) region lies to the south of Ogo range. It is generally more heavily populated during the wet season, when surface water is available. It is also an important area for grazing. 1

2.4.

RAINFALL

Somalilanders recognise four seasons in the year; GU and Hagaa comprise spring and summer in that order, and Dayr and Jiilaal correspond to autumn and winter respectively. The average annual rainfall is 446mm in some parts of country according to availability of rain gauge, and most of it comes during Gu and Dayr. GU, which is the first, or major, rainy season (late March, April, May, and early June), experiences the heaviest rainfall in Ogo range and Hawd. This constitutes the period of fresh grazing and abundant surface water. It is also the breeding season for livestock. Hagaa (from late June through August) is usually dry although there are often some scattered showers in the Ogo range, these are known as Karan rains. Hagaa tends to be hot and windy in most parts of the country. Deyr (September, October, and early November), which roughly corresponds to autumn, is the second, or minor, wet season; as the word “minor” suggests, the amount of precipitation is generally less than that of Gu. Jilaal, or winter, falls in the coolest and driest months of the year (from late November to early March). It is a season of thirst. Hawd receive virtually no rainfall in winter. The rainfall in the Guban zone, known as “Hays”, comes from December to February.

Table1. Major cities of Somaliland Annual Rainfall in 2014 -2015 MM Cities Borama Dila Gabiley Hargeisa Aburiin Qulujeed Berbera Burco Oodwayne Caynabo Erigavo Ceel Afwayn Xudun Malawle Dararwayne Cadaadley Dhubato Baligubadle Wajaale Sheekh Waraabeye Gacal libaax Badhan Taleex Buhoodle Laascaanood

2014 624.8 551 455.5 576 419.5 584.8 223 305 614 551.5 443 207.5 217 378.5 87.5 461 503 657.5 526 658 343 875 333 255 513 244 2

2015 83 127 63.5 16.5 10 25 0 0 0 0 22 0 0 15 2 22.5 4 1 71 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Source: Ministry of agriculture

Chart: 1 Major cities of Somaliland monthly rainfall in 2014-2015

2.5.

MM

HUMIDITY

The humidity of the country varies from 63% in the dry season to 82% in the wet season.

3.

ADMINISTRATIVE SUB-DIVISIONS 3.1.

STATE

The administrative structure of the state consists of three branches: the judiciary, legislative (the House of Elders and the House of Representatives), and the executive (the President and his chosen Council of Ministers). The ministers may not be appointed from Members of Parliament.

3.2.

REGIONS AND DISTRICTS

The country is divided into fourteen regions, namely, Awdal, Maroodi-jeeh, Saahil, Togdheer, Sanaag, Sool, Gabilay, Salal, Oodweine, Saraar, Buhoodle, Hawd, Badhan and Xaysimo. These are sub-divided into 86 districts.

3.3.

CAPITAL

The capital of the Republic of Somaliland is Hargeisa. The estimated population of the city is nearly around 600,000 up to 800,000.

3.4.

OTHER PRINCIPAL TOWNS

Other towns are Borama, Berbera, Burao, Erigavo, and Las Anod. 3

3.5.

PORTS

The principal port town of Somaliland is Berbera.

4. POPULATION The population of Somaliland was estimated at 4,827,631 in 2015. The population consists of nomads (33.8%), urban (52.9%), IDPs (2.4%) and rural dwellers (11%). NB: A recent real scientific based population estimation survey has shown the actual gross rate

4.1

VITAL STATISTICS

The annual population growth rate is 3.14%. Life expectancy at birth is 51.8

4.2

POPULATION DENSITY

The population density in the Republic of Somaliland has been estimated at 25 persons per square km in 2015

4.3

RELIGION

Somaliland is an Islamic State, and Somalilanders are Muslims. The influence of Islam throughout Somaliland is profound, and faith plays a major role in everyday life.

4.4

LANGUAGES

The official language of the country is Somali. Arabic and English are also used widely, though mostly in written form.

4.5

CURRENCY

The official currency of the Republic of Somaliland is the Somaliland Shilling. The shilling is divided into 100 cents. Currency notes come in denominations of 5000, 1000, 500, 100, 50, 20, 10, and 5 shillings.

4

5 .Government Employees Table 2.Number of institutional staff, gender and their grades 2015 Name of the institution

Ministry of religion Ministry of sports Ministry of public works and transports Ministry of labour and social affairs Ministry of Mineral and energy Ministry of justice Ministry of telecommunication Ministry of agriculture Ministry of livestock Ministry of environment and rural dev. Ministry of planning Ministry of defence Ministry of Presidency Ministry of fishery Ministry of interior Ministry of re. and reconstruction Ministry of foreign affairs Ministry of commerce and Industries Ministry of education Ministry of civil aviation Ministry of information Ministry of Water Ministry of health Ministry of Finance Nerad Auditing general House oh representative House of elders Human rights commission Tender committee Higher courts Attorney general ICT commission NDRC National demining agency AIDS commission Civil Service commission Civil service institute Food Coordination Agency Quality Control Good governance and anti-corruption Diaspora Agency Road authority agency LRC Higher education committee Total

Gender female male

A

B

Grades C

D

Total

3 55 40 47 10 11 28 36 49 38 45 10 22 16 54

46 167 188 101 52 27 76 176 242 294 82 24 77 97 229

11 28 76 43 25 20 26 52 56 26 63 7 29 27 72

12 105 59 60 22 8 60 84 173 51 29 12 27 38 106

16 50 69 23 10 4 8 38 37 238 13 6 27 30 44

10 39 24 22 5 6 10 38 25 17 22 9 16 18 55

49 222 228 148 62 36 104 212 291 332 127 34 99 113 277

20 17 38 1,138 45 94 14 1,017 201 5 14 26 16 7 4 10 22 2 6 4 10 21 15 3 14 5 3 9 2 3 3,552

61 35 124 5,210 228 292 81 1,555 1,318 21 63 62 26 16 10 18 42 8 38 20 27 48 18 7 50 19 11 16 8 21 11,803

20 16 33 665 62 55 39 278 482 6 9 17 7 10 6 8 5 6 8 5 11 34 14 3 18 12 3 4 6 19 2,586

27 15 65 4935 92 160 44 1020 518 14 45 19 16 2 4 9 26 0 22 10 12 17 1 3 37 3 5 11 2 0 8,271

21 9 37 32 65 96 8 802 277 3 15 15 9 3 2 8 10 1 9 5 2 9 4 2 3 4 2 0 1 2 2,147

13 12 27 748 54 75 4 472 342 3 8 37 10 8 2 6 23 3 5 4 12 8 14 2 6 5 4 10 1 3 2,380

81 52 162 6380 273 386 95 2,572 1,619 26 77 88 42 23 14 31 64 10 44 24 37 69 33 10 64 24 14 25 10 24 15,384

5

Source: Civil service Commission

Table 3. Total Number of institutional staff, gender and their grades 2012-2015 Year

Gender Female Male

2012 2013 2014 2015

2,588 2,800 3,381 3,552

Grades

8,998 9,989 10,931 11,803

A

B

C

D

1,611 1,824 2,101 2,586

6,591 7,466 7,900 8,271

1,587 1,785 1,977 2,271

1,538 1,727 2,323 2,380

Total

11,327 12,802 14,301 15,384

Source: Civil service Commission

Chart 2. Total Number of institutional staff, gender and their grades 2012-2015

Table4. Number of the staff government within the government Agencies 2015 No

NAME Of INSTITUTION

1

HARGEISA WATER AGENCY

2

STATE PRINTING AGENCY

3

CENTRAL BANK

4

SRDA

Staff Grade A

B

Staff Gender

C

D

MALE

FEMALE

TOTAL

16

51

202

47

264

52

316

-

-

-

-

57

7

64

140

87

21

77

259

70

329

21

9

1

10

30

11

41

Source: HWA/SPA/CB/SRDA

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Chart3. Number of the staff government within the government Agency 2015

Table 5: Number of pensioners of the government and their grades in 2012-2015 Grades

A B C D Total

Number of Pensions 2012

2013

2014

2015

58 107 91 77 333

58 107 91 77 333

72 98 78 75 323

70 97 76 74 317

Source: Civil service Commission

Chart 4. Number of pensioners of the government and their grades in 2012-2015

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6. Economy Sector The backbone and the source of wealth of Somaliland’s economy is livestock. About 65% of the population depends either directly or indirectly on livestock and livestock products for their livelihood. Crop husbandry provides subsistence for about 20% of the country’s population. Foreign aid and remittances from the Somaliland Diaspora also play a major role in the economy of the country Table6: Contribution of Somaliland economy by sector in 2012 Description

Contribution

USD million

Growing of crops

7.00%

109.8

Livestock industry

28.40%

443.1

Forestry

4.60%

71.9

Fishing

0.30%

3.9

Mining and quarrying

1.20%

18.7

Manufacture of food and beverages

1.20%

18.9

Other manufacturing

0.50%

8.3

Electricity supply

1.00%

16.2

Water supply; sewage; waste management

0.30%

4.3

Construction

2.20%

33.9

21.90%

341.7

Transportation and storage

1.90%

28.9

Accommodation and food service activities

3.10%

47.5

Information and communication

2.00%

31.2

Financial and activities

0.30%

4.5

Real estate activities

7.60%

117.8

Professional and support services

1.70%

26.2

Public administration and defence

3.00%

46.7

Education

3.30%

50.7

Human health and social work activities

1.70%

25.9

Other service activities

0.50%

8.2

93.60%

1 458.4

6.40%

100

100.00%

1 558.4

Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles

Sum of values added at basic prices Taxes and subsidies on products GDP at purchasers' prices GDP per capita, SLS thousand / USD

444

Source: GDP report

8

6.1

GDP COMPILATION IN SOMALILAND

A preliminary estimate of GDP 2012 was finalised in January 2014 and presented to the Somaliland Economic Conference on Growth and Unemployment, Poverty and Inflation and Budget Policy (29 January 2014). That estimate was updated in May 2014, but was still based on preliminary population estimates. The PESS was finalised in September and provides more accurate estimates of the population. A proper estimate of the population is essential for the analysis of Somaliland Household Survey and its use in the GDP-estimates. This is version 3 of the GDP-estimate for 2012. It brings the estimates forward to 2013 and beyond. The same sources and methods can be applied to compile estimates for 2010 and 2011 as well. The intention is to keep the document updated as the methods are being developed and modified. The data sources are scarce and the estimates are to a large extent based on assumptions and inferences from other countries in the region. The assumptions have been made explicit, discussed and validated. The estimates have been organised as follows: 

The GDP estimates have been derived by the production approach (GDP by activity) as well as by the expenditure approach.



Three surveys have been crucial for the estimates of GDP: the Somaliland Business Survey (SBS); the Somaliland Household Survey (SHS); and the Population Estimation Somaliland Survey (PESS).



A basic understanding of GDP is important; therefore, a summary of concepts and definitions regarding GDP is provided in below tables

GDP is basically derived by the production approach with a benchmark estimate for 2012; this will be the base year for the estimates at constant prices. Three items on the expenditure side are based on reasonable data sources: household consumption, government consumption and exports while, on the other hand, gross fixed capital formation is a guesstimate at best and imports are derived as a residual. A simple supply and use table (SUT) has been compiled for 2012. It is meant to make the production and expenditure sides consistent. It is true that a SUT requires a wealth of detailed data that are not yet available in Somaliland. Table 7: Results of the Somaliland Business Survey (SBS) as prepared for the GDP-estimates in 2013

Description Growing of crops Livestock industry Forestry Fishing Mining and quarrying Manufacture of food excl. meat processing Manufacturing excl. food and beverages

Output

Intermediate consumption

Value added

Comp of employ

Employment

8.7 23.8 4.7 15.8 119.4 78.9 156.8

3.6 10.8 2.3 5.57 11.91 43.87 122.87

5.1 13.1 2.4 10.24 107.5 34.98 33.95

2.2 4.6 0.9 2.6 2.05 9.83 62.41

201 448 175 565 471 652 4 697

9

Electricity supply Construction Wholesale & retail trade; repair of vehicles Transportation and storage Accommodation and food service activities Information and communication Financial and insurance activities Real estate activities Professional and support services Other service activities Total

7.8 683.4 1 044.0 6 215.9 312.3 54.3 28.2 17.1 4.9 2 782.1

6.5 360.5 448.9 5.1 109.2 110.7 37.2 24 8.8 1.1 1 313.0

1.3 322.8 595.1 0.9 106.7 201.6 17.2 4.2 8.3 3.8 1 469.1

1.1 66.57 140.18 0.9 45.5 59.9 3.7 8.2 3.8 0.9 415.4

0 18 877 14 167 92 4 283 6 509 336 497 321 505 52 795

Source: Ministry of planning

Table 8: GDP by Activity 2012 Description

Output

Value added 710

Contribution

887.5

Intermediate consumption 177.5

7.00%

USD million 109.8

4 026.4

1 162.0

2 864.4

28.40%

443.1

Forestry

568.9

104.2

464.6

4.60%

71.9

Fishing

29.9

4.5

25.4

0.30%

3.9

Growing of crops Livestock industry

Mining and quarrying

134.4

13.4

121

1.20%

18.7

Manufacture of food and beverages

438.8

316.5

122.2

1.20%

18.9

221

167.3

53.7

0.50%

8.3

624.2

519.5

104.7

1.00%

16.2

63.2

35.7

27.5

0.30%

4.3

Other manufacturing Electricity supply Water supply; sewage; waste management Construction

729.6

510.7

218.9

2.20%

33.9

3 875.3

1 666.4

2 208.9

21.90%

341.7

Transportation and storage

434.4

247.7

186.7

1.90%

28.9

Accommodation and food service activities

655.1

347.8

307.3

3.10%

47.5

Information and communication

312.3

110.7

201.6

2.00%

31.2

Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles

Financial and activities

69.8

40.5

29.3

0.30%

4.5

809.4

48

761.4

7.60%

117.8

Professional and support services

220

50.5

169.5

1.70%

26.2

Public administration and defence

439.9

138.2

301.7

3.00%

46.7

Education

483.6

155.8

327.8

3.30%

50.7

Human health and social work activities

253.7

86.6

167.1

1.70%

25.9

65.3

12

53.3

0.50%

8.2

15 342.5

5 915.5

9 427.1

93.60%

1 458.4

646.5

6.40%

100

10 073.6

100.00%

1 558.4

Real estate activities

Other service activities Sum of values added at basic prices Taxes and subsidies on products GDP at purchasers' prices GDP per capita, SLS thousand / USD

2 871

Source: Ministry of planning

10

444

6.2

BANKING

One of the provisions of the National Constitution of the Republic Of Somaliland is the establishment of a bank to carry out Central Bank functions. The Bank of Somaliland was inaugurated in 1994 with appropriate bank laws to ensure that banking regulations are fully in place. The Bank of Somaliland also operates as a commercial bank and has eight branches throughout the country.

6.3.

LIVESTOCK

The contribution of livestock to the national economy is estimated at close to 28%. Thus, a large share of Somaliland’s people relies mainly on the products and by-products of their livelihood. Table 9. Estimated Population of livestock: Year 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Goat

2010—2015

Sheep 8,464 8,667 8,875 9,088 9,360

(Thousand)

Camel 8,748 8,897 9,048 9,202 9,358

Cattle 1,682 1,701 1,720 1,739 1,758

Total 404 409 414 419 424

19,298 19,674 20,057 20,448 20,846

Sources: Ministry of National Planning & Development (Department of Statistics & Research)

*Note: The estimates are based on 1975 Somalia census of livestock population and the annual growth rate, goat: 2.4% sheep: 1.7% camel: 1.1% and cattle: 1.2%. Chart 5:

Estimated Population of livestock:

2011—2015

11

Table 10. Number of Farms by region in 2013-2015 Region

No. Dairy farms

2013 Maroodijeex

2014

2015

2013

2014

21

11

20

16

11

No. Fatering ground & livestock holding

No. Poultry farms

2015

2013 8

2014 1

2015 1

-

Sanaag

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Togdheer

6

17

2

14

11

2

2

2

-

Awdal

4

8

2

5

3

-

1

1

1

Sahil

2

-

-

4

-

-

-

-

-

Sool

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Source: Ministry of Livestock

Chart 6. Number of dairy Farms distributed by region in 2013-2015

Table11. Number of Livestock Vaccinated in 2014-2015 Vaccination Region

PPR

Sh/G Pox 2014

Total

Awdal M/Jeeh Saahil

2014 288,271 377,495 283,960

2015 496,721 623,333 373,330

288,271 377,495 283,960

2015 496,721 623,333 373,330

2014 576,542 754,990 567,920

2015 993,442 1,246,666 746,660

Togdheer

392,010

622,500

392,010

622,500

784,020

1,245,000

Sool Sanaag

286,250 286,259

373,157 497,620

286,250 286,259

373,157 497,620

572,500 572,518

746,314 995,240

Total

1,914,245

2,986,661

1,914,245

2,986,661

3,828,490

597,5337

Source: Ministry of Livestock

12

Chart 7: Number of Livestock Vaccinated in 2014-2015

Table12: No. of Slaughtering houses &L. slaughtered (Reg. Slaughtering Houses) by region 2012- 2015. Region

No. Slaughtering house

Maroodijeex

2012 2

2013 1

2014 1

Togdheer

1

1

Awdal

1

1

2015

No. Livestock slaughtered

1

2012 86,899

2013 330,985

2014 221,479

2015 300,342

1

1

88,769

150,350

178,861

155,542

1

1

75,333

32,272

53,972

455,884

Source: Ministry of Livestock

6.4

AGRICULTURE

Somaliland has a total area of about 137,600sqkms. Land under cultivation is currently estimated at 3% of the total geographical area. Another 7% has potential for agricultural development. The rainfall, soil (fertility and depth), and topography are the main determinants of these estimates.

6.4.1.

RAIN-FED FARMING AND IRRIGATION

Rain-fed farming is the main agricultural production system. The main crops grown are cereals. Sorghum is the principal crop, utilizing approximately 70% of the rain-fed agricultural land. Another 25% of the land is used for maize. Other crops such as cowpeas, millet, groundnuts, beans, and barley are also grown in scattered marginal lands. Irrigation farms are mainly situated along the banks of streams (togs) and other water sources close to the riverbanks. Channelling from the source to the farm is mainly done by diversion of perennial water (springs) to the farm through rudimentary earth canals or floods. The cultivable area of these farms is subject to floods and is, therefore, in danger of being washed away. Most of the irrigated farms have in them areas set aside for the cultivation of vegetables and fruits for commercial purposes.

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6.4.2.

MARKETING OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE

Farmers sell their products at the local market. Where possible, farm produce is transported to the markets in the urban centres by way of light transport trucks or donkey carts. Small retailers who are supplied directly by the producers or wholesalers sell the produce. There are also middlemen who operate between wholesalers and retailers.

6.4.3.

CEREAL HARVEST IN 2010-2015

Harvest in Somaliland normally occurs two times a year. The two harvests times in 2015 result (sorghum in Gu and maize in Karan). The total cereal harvest area of Somaliland has been estimated at ha 53,289 with a total cereal production of 8,908 of tons (94.6% sorghum and 5.4% maize) according to the Ministry of Agriculture. Table 13: Estimated area harvested, production and yield of major crops during 2011—2015

Selected Indicators 2011 1. Maize Area(ha) Production(tons) Yield(Tones/Ha) 2.Sorghum Area(Ha) Production(Tons) Yield (Tonnes/Ha) Total Area(Ha) Production(tons) Yield (Tons/Ha)

2012

2013

2014

9,832 5,454 0.6

10,129 8,180 0.8

17,350 12,245 0.71

13,550 10,447 5.2

9,465 498 1.5

12,065 7,365 2

33,958 60,997 1.8

37,172 63,483 1.7

58,500 54,160 0.93

48200 43760 6.9

43,824 8,410 2.6

44,331 46,162 3

43,790 66,451 1.5

47,301 71,662 1.5

75,850 66,405 0.88

61,750 54,207 12.1

53,289 8,908 4.1

56,396 53,527 4

Source: Ministry of Agriculture.

Chart8A: Estimated yield of major crops during 2011-2015

14

2015 Average

Chart 8B: Estimated area, production (Maize & Sorghum) during 2011—2015

15

6.5

FISHERIES

The warm water of the Gulf of Aden borders the country of Somaliland along a coastline spanning 850kms on its southern fringes. This coastline extends from Lowya-Addo in the west to Elayo in the east and is characterized by sandy beaches broken at intervals by rocky cliffs that often penetrate into the shallow waters. The continental shelf is relatively narrow, rarely exceeding 15kms, except in the west near the Djibouti border, where it averages 100kms. Artisan fishermen harvest various tropical fish. They include tuna, snappers, groupers, grunts, trevally, emperors, barracudas, goatfish, parrotfish Spanish mackerels, sea breams, horse mackerels, and mulleys. Other marine organisms caught occasionally by local fishermen include sea cucumbers, shrimp, lobsters, and edible crabs. Production of fish in Somaliland is still very low (it’s less than 10% of the pre-war level and constitutes less than 2% of the Gross National Product [GNP]). According to various reports published by international organisations, fisheries in Somaliland remain untapped. FAO estimates this abundance of fish in the national waters at 200,000 tons and maintains that a maximum sustainable yield of 40,000 tons could be harvested without endangering the stocks. At the present time, estimated fish production is quite low compared to the potential. The shark fishing industry is the mainstay of the artisan fishing community in Somaliland, and more than 90% of the fishing fleet hunts for sharks for their valuable fins. In addition to these, a sizeable yield of sea cucumbers reaching several tons per year is harvested in the waters of Zeila and nearby islands. Furthermore, edible crabs and shrimp are caught in the Zeila and Togoshi areas. Local fishermen market around 30-50Kgs of live, edible crabs daily to Djibouti on foot.

6.5.1. ARTISANAL FISHING Artisanal fishermen conduct most fishing activity in Somaliland. There are around 15 fishing communities composed of active fishermen and their dependents. Berbera serves as a focal point for the fishing industry in Somaliland. Fish caught at Berbera range from 1000 to 2000kgs and are transported immediately to Hargeisa or to Burao for local consumption. The current fishing fleet consists of 425 motor boats and 109 canoes; 428 of these vessels are operational. (Source: Ministry of Fishery and marine resources).

6.5.2. INDUSTRIAL FISHING Presently, no industrial fishing is undertaken by foreign vessels. Somaliland does not have deep sea Fishing vessels.

6.5.3. FISH CANNERY The country has one fish cannery at Las-Qorey in Sanaag region; it was built in 2002 by a group of local businessmen who installed a new canning machine. Production started in 2002 at a capacity of 1-2.5 tonnes per a day. But unfortunately, it was closed down March 2010.

16

6.5.4. MARKETING Catches of fresh fish such as groupers, snappers, emperors, tuna, mackerels, and trevally are sold locally in internal markets such as Berbera, Hargeisa, Burao, Borama, and Erigavo at a price of SL SHILLING 40,000 per Kilogramme (Sources of Somaliland CPI data). Local fishermen do not have access to an open external market for Exportation of their goods. Trucks transporting fish from the coast to the towns are in short Supply and the roads are narrow and inaccessible in most of the eastern and northwestern parts of the coast. The most important item exported by fishermen is dried, salted shark fins. This marine product is exported to South-East Asian countries and usually serves as a good source of income for Fishermen (around US $ 1-1.5 million a year). Table 14: Monthly Price Fish in Hargeisa 2011-2015 Price/kg (SL.Sh) Month January February March April May June July August September October November December

2011

2012 17,563 17,719 17,688 17,313 18,469 18,094 15,975 18,000 18,000 18,000 18,313 18,000

2013 18,000 18,313 19,000 19,729 19,800 19,800 20,000 20,500 20,500 21,000 21,000 21,000

2014 19,708 19,941 23,656 23,234 22,628 22,594 22,781 22,141 21,933 22,762 24,000 24,156

Source: Ministry of Planning & Development (Dep. of Statistics).

Chart9: Monthly Price of Fish in Hargeisa 2015

(SL.Sh)

17

2015 22,500 26,250 21,875 27,657 26,250 26,250 28,000 30,000 35,688 32,938 32,688 32,500

30,275 31,614 32,059 39,000 39,000 39,000 39,250 39,500 40,000 40,000 40,000 40,000

6.6. CENTRAL GOVERNMENT BUDGET Table 15: Central government Estimated Budget 2015 Economic Sector Ministry of National Planning and Development Ministry of finance General treasury fund Ministry of commerce and investment Ministry of fishery and marine resource Ministry of agriculture Ministry of Livestock Total Good Governance President’s office Vice president office House of elders House of representatives Supreme court Attorney General Magistrate of account Ministry of presidency Solicitor General Ministry of foreign affairs Ministry of justice Local court Law reform commission Ministry of technology and research and National electoral commission National tender board Quality control commission ICT Commission WFP Somaliland diaspora agency Good Governance and anti-corruption Minstry of rehabilitation National parties registration committee Total Infrastructure and natural resource sector Ministry information Somaliland national VT Ministry of mineral resource and energy Ministry of post and telecommunication Ministry of public works Ministry of aviation Ministry of industry

3,485,444,000 53,639,293,120 236,252,838,246 5,271,892,226 2,817,024,262 4,494,932,013 6,888,312,261 312,849,736,128 819,000,000 585,000,000 20,199,178,720 18,727,824,320 2,506,750,160 3,589,587,600 3,993,942,184 38,516,040,570 658,229,520 16,210,847,488 4,111,733,920 11,291,614,600 890,380,800 1,581,817,024 38,226,014,684 1,375,339,871 1,813,610,240 2,007,624,000 2,899,387,176 2,270,125,000 172,274,047,877 25,067,457,952 2,423,076,936 6,942,354,120 4,868,531,064 13,206,683,601 3,392,610,240 18

Security sector Presidential guards National intelligent agency Custodial corps Ministry of Interior National policy army Coastal guards National demining agency Immigration office Ministry of Defence National Army NDC Total Social sector Commission HIV/AIDs Civil service commission Veterans Human right commission Fact finding massacre commission Ministry of education Directorate High education High education commission Ministry of Health Commission for health professional Ministry endowment and religions af Ministry of labor and social affairs Ministry of youth and sports NERAD Ministry of environment and rural De Charity commission Total Grand Total

15,352,321,802 8,688,624,100 37,016,918,636 19,262,797,296 76,754,310,054 8,242,074,173 901,874,010 4,545,434,652 2,276,373,110 180,834,385,468 32,133,316,276 386,008,429,577 1,507,148,452 8,490,980,645 1,595,550,000 2,223,936,960 72,602,190,058 3,231,888,800 1,146,462,240 35,700,043,934 701,545,760 4,875,175,200 4,103,474,978 5,640,725,650 1,173,355,272 5,234,219,220 148,226,697,170 1,080,000,000,000

Ministry of water Total

4,740,375,336 60,641,089,248

Source: Ministry of Finance

Table 16: Central government Estimated Budget (Sectors) 2015 Sector

Budget

Economic Sector

312,849,736,128

Good Governance secotor

172,274,047,877

Infrastructure and natural resource

60,641,089,248

Security sector

386,008,429,577

Social sector

148,226,697,170

Total

1,080,000,000,000

Source: Ministry of Finance.

Chart 10: Central government Estimated Budget by Sectors 2015 450,000,000,000

386,008,429,577

400,000,000,000 350,000,000,000

312,849,736,128

Bugdet

300,000,000,000 250,000,000,000 172,274,047,877

200,000,000,000

148,226,697,170

150,000,000,000 100,000,000,000

60,641,089,248

50,000,000,000 Economic Sector Good Governance Infrastructure and secotor natural resource

Security sector

Social sector

Sectors

Table 17: Central gover’t Actual revenue and expenditure at current price: 2011 – 2015 Year 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Revenue 481,323,687,473 649,740,967,407 801,142,492,917 968,799,504,671 1,181,404,353,331

(Sl.sh.)

Expenditure Surplus/(Deficit) 494,493,147,825 -13,169,460,352 618,779,267,104 30,464,404,054 740,772,622,951 60,369,869,966 900,126,181,367 68,673,323,304 1,072,963,812,985 108,440,540,346

Source: Ministry of Finance, Account General. 19

Chart11: Central government revenue and expenditure at current price: 2011-2015

(Sl.sh.)

Table 18:

(Sl.sh.)

Trends in expenditure: 2011-2015

Head/Expendit ure A. Open Balance B. Budget Expenditure C. Out of Budget expenditure D. Total

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

Nil

Nil

Nil

Nil

68,744,395,262

494,493,147,8 25 12,170,464,33

618,779,267,1 04 85,929,683,61

740,772,622,9 51 Nil

900,126,181,2 67 Nil

10,800,000,000, 000 Nil

740,772,622,9 51 740,772,622,9 51

900,126,181,2 67 900,126,181,2 67

1,080,000,000,0 00 1,148,744,395,2 62

0 1 494,493,147,8 704,708,950,7 Expenditure 25 15 494,493,147,8 704,708,950,7 Total ( A+D) (B+C) 25 Accountant General. 15 Source: Ministry of Finance, Table 19: Trends in Revenue during 2011-2015 Indicators Import DutiesDirect taxes on income/Profits Indirect tax Total

2011 407,014,668,334 13,840,197,999 60,468,821,140 481,323,687,473

(Sl.sh.)

2012 238,411,970,931 33,979,991,447 377,349,005,029 649,740,967,407

Sources: Ministry of Finance.

20

2013 595,872,909,682 44,284,084,918 160,985,498,317 801,142,492,917

2014 678,159,660,269.7 96,879,951,467.1 193,759,902,934.2 968,799,514,671

2015 903,683,377,456 30,593,083,329 247,127,892,546 1,181,404,353,331

6.7. LOCALGOVERNMENT REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE (Grade A Districts) Table 20: Years

Local government revenue and expenditure Hargeisa: 2011 – 2015 Revenue

Expenditure

(Sl.sh.)

Surplus/ Deficit

2011

18,412,568,908

20,594,945,000

-2,182,286,092

2012

24,227,948,926

24,957,982,539

-730,033,613

2013

30,801,334,012

36,788,295,740

1,457,338,272

2014

27,311,346,587

23,174,394,464

4,136,952,123

2015

52,425,062,182

39,256,446,470

13,168,615,712

Source: Local Government of Hargeisa

Chart 12: Local government revenue and expenditure Hargeisa: 2011– 2015

Table 21: Year 2011 2012 2013 2014

Local Gover’t Revenue and Expenditure Gabiley: 2011-2015

(Sl.sh.)

(Sl.sh.)

Revenue

2015

Expenditure Surplus 7,115,492,000 5,333,992,000 1,781,500,000 10,171,493,898 18,917,535,417 -8,746,041,519 11,697,217,982 11,689,217,982 8,000,000

18,796,691,500 18,227,794,866.33

18,757,548,728 18,000,469,591.66

Source: Local government of Gabiley

21

+ 39,142,771 227,325,274.66

Chart 13: Local Government Revenue and Expenditure Gabiley: 2011—2015

(Sl.Sh)

Table 22: Local government revenue and expenditure Boroma: 2011– 2015 (Sl.Sh)

Year

Revenue

Expenditure

Surplus/ Deficit

2011

3,297,000,000

3,287,360,000

9,640,000

2012

2,728,963,269

2,480,891,732

248,071,537

2013

3,138,307,680

2,853,025,491

285,282,189

2014

8,270,160,506

8,267,866,793

2,293,713

2015

6,151,063,723

6,019,700,848

131,362,875

Source: Local Government of Borama / Ministry of Interior

Chart 14: Local Government Revenue and Expenditure Borama 2011-2015 (Sl.Sh)

22

Table 23: Years 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Local government revenue and expenditure Burao: 2011– 2015 Revenue

(Sl.Sh)

Expenditure

7,464,200,000 8,425,721,807 8,632,246,240.70 18,614,351,222.08 17,609,913,409

Surplus/Deficit

6,806,200,000 8,026,123,392 8,536,451,920 17,633,667,900.40 17,129,838,520.00

658,000,000 399,598,415 95,794,320.70 980,683,321.68 480,074,889

Source: Local Government Burao and Ministry of interior

Chart 15: Local government revenue and Expenditure Burao: 2011 – 2015

Table 24: Local government revenue and expenditure Berbera: 2011 – 2015 Year 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Revenue 20,049,458,022 2,728,963,269 12,192,600,500 37,034,876,310 45,522,594,181

Expenditure Surplus/Deficit 17,049,458,022 2,480,891,732 11,095,600,500 37,644,813,341 45,676,421,805 23

(Sl.Sh)

(Sl.Sh)

3,000,000,000 248,071,537 1,097,000,000 -609,937,031 -153,827,624.22

Source: Local Government Berbera & Ministry of Interior

Chart 16: Local government revenue and expenditure Berbera: 2011– 2015

Table 25: Local government revenue and expenditure Lasanod: 2011– 2015 Year 2013 2014 2015

Revenue 2,396,725,400 1,270,482,438

Expenditure 2,311,715,000 1 ,232,095,143

5,515,687,059

3,954,773,128

(Sl.Sh)

(Sl.Sh)

Surplus/Deficit 85,010,400 38,387,925 328,819,418

Sources: Ministry of Interior

Chart 17: Local government revenue and expenditure Lasanod: 2011 – 2015

24

(Sl.Sh)

14,000,000,000

Revenue vs Expenditure

12,000,000,000 10,000,000,000 8,000,000,000 Revenue

6,000,000,000

Expenditure

4,000,000,000 2,000,000,000 0 2013

2014

2015

Year

Table 26: Local government revenue and expenditure Erigavo: 2011 – 2015 Years

Revenue

Expenditure

(Sl.Sh)

Surplus/Deficit

2011

1,785,000,000

1,685,000,000

100,000,000

2012

2,574,509,348

1,112,938,691

1,461,570,657

2013

1,089,461,955

1,021,968,821

67,493,134

2014

2,230,012,295

2,188,621,260

41,391,035

2015

14,395,630,572

10,966,309,702

3,429,320,870

Sources: Ministry of Interior

Chart 18:

Local government revenue and expenditure Erigavo: 2011 – 2015

25

(Sl.Sh)

Table 27: Total Local government revenue and expenditure 2011-2015

(Sl.Sh)

Year

Revenue

Expenditure

Surplus/deficit

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

60,292,718,930 50,857,600,517 69,947,893,770 113,527,920,858

56,944,955,022 57,976,363,503 74,296,275,454 108,899,007,629 124,317,429,201

3,347,763,908 -7,118,762,986 -4,348,381,684 4,628,913,229 18,232,321,217

142,549,750,417

Source: Ministry of Interior

Chart 19: Total Local Government Expenditure and Revenue 2011-2015

(Sl.Sh)

350,000,000,000

Revenue vs Expenditure

300,000,000,000 250,000,000,000 200,000,000,000 Revenue

150,000,000,000

Expenditure

100,000,000,000 50,000,000,000 0

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

Year

6.8. IMPORT Table 28:

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Yearly Import of Food Items through Berbera port: 2011-2015 (Tonnes) Sugar Rice W/Flour Wheat O/Beans C/Oil Pasta Dates Biscuit 94,956 86,827 71,511 20,500 4,506 17,656 34,998 6,570 6,887 118,440 83,846 75,925 64,767 5,674 19,888 34,401 4,855 10,185 115,929 79,822 82,519 11,656 1,997 13,125 28,717 6,851 9,370 181,227 94,296 111,579 4,985 8,534 28,101 45,054 7,552 6,641 148,647 106,057 138,458 7,452 43,073 30,346 8,373 7,603

Sources: Berbera Authority

26

Chart 20:

Yearly Import of Food Items through Berbera port: 2011-2015

Table 29: Yearly Import of Non Food Items through Berbera port: 2011- 2015

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Petrol Diesel 7,168 56,392 10,741 56,022 16,162 69,408 20,237 99,077 44,143 14,2019

(Tonnes & M3)

E/Oil 967 1,042 1,299 891

Clothes 10,183 9,484 10,684 13,303

C/Truck 10,774 11,365 15,077 18,291

S/part 2,294 3,315 5,232 6,887

Cigart 7,124 9,011 7,528 5,482

Soap 9,581 9,148 10,925 9,783

O/building

45,313 56,015 49,751 55,487

Other 147,199 197,715 191,828 250,304

1,907

9,264

24,232

6,387

6,900

10,202

65,200

316,657

Sources: Berbera Authority

Chart 21: Yearly Import of Non Food Items through Berbera port: 2011- 2015

27

Total 296,995 363,858 378,071 479,742 626,911

Wajaale Custom Table30: Yearly Import of Food Items through Wajale customs 2015 Egg (Doz) Months January February March April May June July August September October November December

375 339 380 370 292 518 1146 1234 716 980 150 6500

Fresh Vegetables kg 19,622,000 2,045,328 267,838 3,129,833 2,974,425 3,259,606 3,231,100 3,327,500 3,068,925 2,895,424 3,050,101 3,078,300 49,950,380

(Kg/sacks/Bgs/)

Fresh Fruits kg

Ground nuts

Daafi/Galley sacks

120,000 168,200 207,000 222,000 240,000 136,606 45,373 6,868 64,760 234,670 368,073 356,600 2,170,150

8,500 1,850

12,499 11,817 23,660 4,765 2,346 4,426 172 5,552 7,245 8,475 12,763 14,482 108,202

2,000

458 450 4,000 200 1,700 19,158

Total

Yearly Import of Food Items through Wajale customs 2015

28

(Kg/sacks/Bgs/)

honey(litr)

120 5,800 380 2,700 5,700 4,080 510 12,000 31,290

KAT (Kg)

26,092 22,221 56905 80,797 61,165 57,039 60,003 80,995 79,879 73,103 53,108 651,307

Yearly Import of Food Items through Wajale customs 2013-2014 Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total

Fresh Vegetables kg

Banana kg

2013

2014

2013

2,095.84 1,864,700 2,531,500 0 2,727,060 2,574,500 2,295,000 2,067,260 2,380,000 2,660,288 2,457,000 2,347,000

2,210,000 2,092,500 2,131,000 2,597,750 3,022,000 3,181,500 3,154,600 2,985,000 2,760,000 3,063,000 2,526,000 2,159,500

18,000 6,000 12,000 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

23,906,404 31,882,850 36,100

Ground nuts

2014 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

(Kg/sacks/Bgs/ Buushi sacks

2013

2014

0 8,900 0 0 0 0 750 2,213 0 2,250 10,500 2500

12,500 22,400 12,500 22,700 0 0 200 2,270 7,000 1,530 15,965 0

Beans BGS

2013

2014

2013

0 0 0 0 0 670 530 0 400 50 100 537

0 0 0 1,460 400 0 50 100 0 0 0 0

240 474 150 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,086 1,082

Daafi sacks

2014 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 27,113 97,065 2,287 2,010 3,032

2013

2014

280 0 1,310 0 0 0 380 215 0 739 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 2,924

0

Source: Wajale customs

Chart22B: Yearly Import of Food Items through Wajale customs in 2013-2014

Non Foo d Item s through wajaale Customs Table31: Yearly Import of Non Food Items through Wajale customs in 2015 (Kg/sacks/Bgs/) Cement (Bags)

January February March April May

63,600 108,520 155,620 66,150 43,064

Kerosine M3

48.3 53.5 98.0 48.0 46.0

Wood (Pcs)

1,000 4,675 1,022 2,207 29

Scrup battery (Tonnes) 29.5 56 226 190 268

Coca cola (Liters) 300 388 964 955 904

June July August September October November December Total

18,000 47,000 36,000 21,600 24,300 18,729 23,300 562283

74.0 10.0 8.0

337.5

1,000 3,000 1,030 2,500 3,950 1,126 1,650 22160

288 200 96 96 126 168 130 1844

390 1,026 312 1,889 901 856 8,885

Yearly Import of Non Food Items through Wajale customs in 2015 (Kg/sacks/Bgs/

Yearly Import of Non Food Items through Wajale customs in 2015 (Kg/sacks/Bgs/) cement (Bags)

January February March April May June July

63,600 108,520 155,620 66,150 43,064 18,000 47,000

Kerosine M3

48.3 53.5 98.0 48.0 46.0 74.0 10.0

Wood (Pcs)

1,000 4,675 1,022 2,207 1,000 3,000 30

Scrup battery (Tonnes) 29.5 56 226 190 268 288 200

Coca cola (Liters) 300 388 964 955 904 390 1,026

August September October November December Total

36,000 21,600 24,300 18,729 23,300 562283

8.0

337.5

1,030 2,500 3,950 1,126 1,650 22160

96 96 126 168 130 1844

312 1,889 901 856 8,885

Chart 22C: Yearly Import of Non Food Items through Wajale customs in 2015 (Kg/sacks/Bgs/)

Yearly Import of Non Food Items through Wajale customs in 2013-2014 (Kg/sacks/Bgs/) Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul

Kat kg 2013 2,087,282 1,969,095 2,199,924 2,569,249 2,665,049 2,669,638 2,335,774

2014 21,673 17,764 21,362 21,046 18,963 17,930 13,958

Kerosene 2013M32014 67 32 57 57 94 81 0 76 106.5 55 64 60 0 69

Gas Oil M3 2013 2014 28 0 117 0 244.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 31

Cements sacks 2013 2014 150 54,700 0 73,920 0 91,680 0 64,800 12,320 80,720 1620 92,900 17600 73,000

Wooden Post 2013Pcs 2014 2,400 2,800 950 140 650 900 0 2,000 820 4,700 240 0 0 0

Shoes Doz 2013 2014 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 60 0 85 0 345 267

Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total

2,984,295 3,130,325 3,143,099 2,844,226 2,664,001 31,261,957

19,009 21,314 22,948 20,581 21,258 237,806

96.5 39 60 126 95 805

46 55 101 94 64 790

0 0 24 0 12 426

0 0 0 0 0 0

Source: Wajale customs

Chart 23A:

Import Kat through Wajale customs 2013

Chart 23B:

Import Kat through Wajale customs 2014

Chart 23c:

Import Kat through Wajale customs 2015

32

36900 0 1350 46,435 2523 118,898

76,500 59,000 89,740 87,160 55,120 899,240

2200 4150 2150 0 2800 16,360

2,280 3,900 2,000 2,000 2,000 22,720

15 421 210 0 136 1,272

75 88 136 0 0 566

Chart 23C:

Yearly Import of Non Food Items through Wajale customs 2013-2015

(M3)

Table 32: Total Import of Fuel: 2013-2015

Items Diesel

2013

2014

2015

77,593

80,807

124,830

Petrol

53,687

31,402

63,917

1,848

89,365

2,210

267,521

7,468

7,472

Kerosene Jet A1 Sources: Ministry of Finance

33

(M3)

Chart 24: Total Import of Fuel: 2013-2015

Table 33: Some of the Indicators Imported on Yearly Comparison 2011-2015 Year 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Sugar 87,105 118,440 115,929 181,227 148,647

Rice 73,158 83,846 79,822 94,296 106,057

W/ Flour 66,753 75,925 82,519 111,579 138,458

Bdg/Mats 45,313 56,015 213,625 250,304 -

(Tonnes & M3) Fuel 91,698 30,777 86,869 85,570 186,162

Source: Berbera Port Authority

Table 34: Year 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Import Containers through Berbera Port 2011—2015 Size 20 8,150 10,261 11,170 15,482 ?

Size 40 3,160 3,846 3,850 5,389

TEU 14,470 17,980 18,870 26,260

(Size & Weight) Weight (Kg) 251,208,818 329,821,714 335,148,754 475,912,033

Source: Berbera Port Authority

Chart 25: Import Containers through Berbera Port 2010—2014

34

(Size & Weight)

6.9. EXPORT 6.9.1. LIVESTOCK EXPORT The livestock sector makes a significant contribution to the national economy, and a majority of Somalilanders rely on this sector and related activities. Camels, cattle, and sheep/goats are the primary species in the pastoral and agro-pastoral livelihood areas. Most of the country’s hard currency is generated through the export of livestock. A total of 3,089,592 livestock head were exported from January to December 2014 of these 98% were sheep/ goats.

Table 35: Export of goats and sheep through Berbera Port 2011--2015 Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total

2011

2012 70,967 86,684 127,304 106,845 57,831 167,777 317,763 193,731 177,081 1,219,775 371,994 206,932 3,104,684

2013 111,646 241,356 107,948 95,092 71,676 183,357 203,054 163,101 271,680 1,564,484 42,625 163,565 3,219,584

(HDS)

2014 209,004 127,204 95,488 68,658 123,226 186,357 252,222 201,373 922,458 589,384 19,072 94,509 2,888,955

2015 194,804 118,510 139,114 129,984 64,191 264,330 226,690 262,961 1,278,585 91,034 183,379 136,010 3,089,592

195,954 156,533 177,905 113,453 173,934 234,620 160,539 668,099 1,250,878 2,130 24,669 111,672 3,270,386

Source: Berbera Port Authority

Chart 26: Yearly Export of goats and sheep through Berbera Port 2011-2015

35

(HDS)

Table 36: Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total

Export of Cattle through Berbera Port: 2011-2015 2011

2012 13,532 11,337 7,449 6,568 8,653 4,643 14,164 13,920 13,532 27,972 13,008 16,156 150,934

2013 18,917 19,592 14,696 10,413 9,766 11,539 13,970 13,904 16,158 27,486 17,249 16,664 190,354

(HDS) 2014

16,594 14,239 15,486 8,940 11,156 13,643 15,817 16,636 26,101 27,071 16,501 19,692 201,876

2015 21,457 16,732 20,836 15,710 14,577 19,071 24,111 24,144 43,521 13,479 15,981 22,778 252,397

24,735 14,650 16,643 8,732 7,625 7,019 13,842 17,873 21,135 8,173 9,588 10,380 160,395

Source: Berbera Port Authority

Chart 27: Yearly Export of Cattle through Berbera Port 2011-2015

Table 37:

Export of Camel through Berbera Port 2011-2015

Month

2011

2012

2013

(HDS)

(HDS) 2014

2015

Jan

10,503

10,740

9,424

12,058

8,370

Feb

11,626

10,934

8,307

11,491

11,322

Mar

9,374

8,506

7,169

18,766

13,827

Apr

6,245

10,598

6,241

10,644

4,118

May

5,829

6,160

9,481

2,660

5,321

Jun

8,779

14,872

12,906

1,082

5,051

Jul

14,042

15,776

4,133

1,946

4,751

Aug

8,801

5,226

2,984

438

2,126

36

Sep

12,381

6,174

4,925

482

456

Oct

6,889

2,166

529

134

-

Nov

2,901

4,512

2,140

950

790

Dec

9,911

7,000

7,489

3,927

5,343

107,281

102,664

75,728

64,578

61,475

Total

Source: Berbera Port Authority

Chart 28: Yearly Export of Camel through Berbera Port 2011--2015

Table 38: Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total

(HDS)

Total Export of livestock through Berbera Port: 2011---2015 2011 95,002 109,647 144,127 119,658 72,313 181,199 345,969 216,452 202,994 1,254,636 387,903 232,999 3,362,899

2012 141,303 271,882 131,150 116,103 87,602 209,768 232,800 182,231 294,012 1,594,136 64,386 187,229 3,512,602

2013

2014

235,022 149,750 118,143 83,839 143,863 212,906 272,172 220,993 953,484 616,984 37,713 121,690 3,166,559

228,319 146,733 178,716 156,338 81,428 284,483 252,747 287,543 1,322,588 104,647 200,310 162,715 3,406,567

(HDS) 2015 229,059 182,505 208,375 126,303 186,880 246,690 179,132 688,098 1,272,469 10,303 35,047 27,395 3,392,256

Source: Berbera Port Authority

Chart 29: Yearly Export of livestock through Berbera Port: 2011-2015

37

(HDS)

Total 928,705 860,517 780,511 602,241 572,086 1,135,046 1,282,820 1,595,317 4,045,547 3,580,706 725,359 732,028 16,840,883

6.9.2. HIDE AND SKIN EXPORT Table39: Export of hide and skin pieces through Berbera Port: 2010—2014 Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total

2011 862,255 2,368,945 3,127,508 791,100 1,918,757 1,143,535 1,796,932 225,400 604,100 242,976 244,154 316,685 13,642,346

2012

2013 314,490 223,891 249,612 391,854 329,033 115,776 181,954 352,180 1,070,058 199,336 269,843 278,004 3,976,031

(Piece)

2014 227,049 340,500 66,588 131,415 82,350 211,737 56,800 144,715 270,257 245,647 257,195 145,990 2,180,243

2015 108,456 106,513 256,083 417,436 254,778 328,900 426,500 178,700 218,736 283,251 384,300 231,085 3,194,738

296,779 223,738 305,778 187,887 117,076 119,281 113,900 199,286 39,610 211,765 104,120 280,440 2,199,660

Source: Berbera Port Authority

Chart 30: Yearly Export of hide and skin pieces through Berbera Port: 2011—2015

38

(Piece)

6.9.3. FRANKINCENSE EXPORT Table40: Export of Frankincense through Berbera Port 2011--2015 Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total

2011

2012 271,020 53,650 16,240 245,502 118,520 274,240 136,693 55,200 0 0 9,600 107,750 1,288,515

2013 97,825 42,320 0 24,200 35,659 0 0 0 163,667 16,000 43,000 67,672 490,343

(Kg) 2014

49,000 70,150 7,880 25,000 20,000 39,450 150,000 25,300 27,231 12,919 71,100 18,970 517,000

55,665 21,600 62,818 86,680 20,704 10,400 81,500 345,000 136,350 53,185 23,320 158,440 1,055,662

2015 302,998 30,920 80,442 10,750 20,886 42,466 64,640 1,600 14,000 67,295 143,835 109,897 889,729

Source: Berbera Port Authority

Chart 31: Yearly Export of Frankincense through berbera Port:

Table 41:

2011-2015

Berbera Port Traffic: 2011-2015

Year 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

(Kg)

(NO)

Dhows

Ships 307 345 334 349 279

Source: Berbera Port Authority

39

Total 363 401 356 421 455

670 746 690 770 734

Chart 32: Berbera Port Traffic: 2011-2015

(No)

6.10. TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION Table 42: passenger and cargo movement at Hargeisa and Berbera Airports 2011-2015 (No & Kg) Year

Commercial Passenger Airport

Non-Commercial Passenger

Commercial Cargo

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Passenger In Passenger Out Passenger In Passenger Out Cargo In (Kg) Cargo Out(Kg) 81,578 78,770 0 0 481,688 Kg 2,562 Kg 80,440 72,090 12,795 13,686 851,554 Kg 29,965 Kg 83,112 80,860 480 390 438,479 Kg 10,100 Kg 91,239 85,864 0 0 309516.76 kg 0 89,487 88,076 5,148 4,874 10,022 40,611.01

Source: Ministry of Civil Aviation and Air Transport.

Chart 33A: Commercial passenger movement at Hargeisa and Berbera Airports 2011-2015

40

Chart 33B: Cargo movement at Hargeisa and Berbera Airports 2011-2015

Table 43: Airports with Paved and unpaved runways 2015

Airports with paved Runways Airport Hargeisa Berbera

Length (M) 2,700 4,140

Airports with unpaved Runways Width (m) 45 50

Airport Burao Borama Erigavo L/caanoo Kalabeyd d h

Source: Ministry of Civil Aviation and Air Transport.

Length (m) 1,600 1,100 1,200 1,100 1,100

Width 30 30 35 30 35

Table 44: Aircrafts Movements through Somaliland Airports 2013-2015

Hargeisa Airport Aircrafts Movement No. of Flights No. of Passenger disembarked (In) No. of Passengers embarked (out) No. of Arrived Cargo (Kg) No. of Departure Cargo ( Kg)

2013

2014

Berbera Airport 2015

2013

2014

2015

1,130

2,416

2,577

2,037

278

34

29,063

87,025

94,635

54,529

4,214

229

28,690

80,646

92,950

52,560

5,218

216

224,876.76 40,611.01

436,029Kg

84,640

67,196

10,100 Kg

0

2,450Kg

0

0

Source: Ministry of Civil Aviation and Air Transport. 41

7. SOCIAL SECTOR 7.1 EDUCATION The current educational system consists of a primary level with eight grades, followed by a secondary level with four grades. Overall, the number of students enrolled in primary schools, secondary schools and universities in Somaliland continues to grow rapidly. Table 45: Growth of Public and Private Education during 2000/2001-2014/2015 Year 2000/01 2001/02 2002/03 2003/04 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 2014/2015

Pri. Schools Sec. Schools Family life 294 15 307 16 353 20 385 29 412 35 516 43 N/A 44 627 59 917 84 907 99 1,000 94 1,030 86 936 114 1083 146

Vocational 13 17 24 33 33 N/B N/A 30 30 174 174 N/A

Source: Ministry of Education.

Chart 34: Growth of Public and Private Education during 2000/2001-2014/2015

42

Universities 4 4 4 4 2 2 2 N|A 5 5 27 27 N/A 70

2 2 2 2 3 5 6 10 20 22 22 22 22 19

7.1.1 PRIMARY EDUCATION Primary schools have increased enrolment from 35,997 in 1998/99 to 234,128 in 2014/2015. Likely gender enrolment estimates in 2014/15 indicate that girls are 45 percent. Most of the schools were constructed with the help assistance from the international community. Table46: Growth of Primary Education (Public and Private) during 1998/99-2014/2015 Year Schools 1998/99 144 1999/00 174 2000/01 222 2001/02 307 2002/03 354 2003/04 385 2004/05 412 2005/06 516 2006/07 N/A 2007/08 590 2008/09 627 2009/10 917 2010/11 907 2011/12 1,000 2012/13 1,030 2013/14 936 2014/2015 1083

Classes 887 1,106 1,893 2,078 2,386 2,65 2586 3,277 N/A 3,746 N\A 4,043 N/A N/A N/A 4,046 4,979

Male 26,356 32,720 38,106 56,951 63,912 70,617 79,878 85,665 94,627 75,985 108,322 138,137 98,359 105,986 114,861 118,130 128,836

Female 9,641 12503 14,819 27,723 32,294 35,863 38,438 51,091 56,873 42,730 62,608 94,862 71,988 78,696 91,683 95,239 105,292

Total 35,997 45,223 52,925 84,674 96,206 106,480 118,316 136,756 151,500 159,042 170,930 232,999 170,347 184,682 206,544 213,369 234,128

Source: Ministry of Education.

Chart 35A: Growth of Primary Education (Public and Private) 1998/99-2013/2015 160000 140000 100000 80000

Schools

60000

Classes

40000

Male

20000

Female

0

School Years

43

2014/2015

2013/14

2012/13

2011/12

2010/11

2009/10

2008/09

2007/08

2006/07

2005/06

2004/05

2003/04

2002/03

2001/02

2000/01

1999/00

Teachers

1998/99

Number

120000

Teachers 960 1,167 1,921 2,062 2,346 2,590 2,801 3,941 N/A 3,937 4969 4,969 5,668 5,960 5,567 7,905 7,586

Chart 35B: Growth of Primary Education (Public and Private) 1998/99-20142015 9000 8000

7000

Number

6000

5000 4000

Schools

3000 2000

Classes

1000

Teachers

2013/14

2014/2015

2012/13

2011/12

2010/11

2009/10

2008/09

2007/08

2006/07

2005/06

2004/05

2003/04

2002/03

2001/02

2000/01

1999/00

1998/99

0

Academic year

Table 47: Distribution of Primary Education by Region during 2014/2015 Region Awdal M.Jeex Sahil Togdheer Sanag Sool Total

Schools

Source: Ministry of Education.

Classes

Male

135 350 85 176 198 139 1083

Student Enrolment Female M/F Total 14661 12,995 27,656 59138 46,918 106,056 5340 4807 10,147 22035 16,332 38,367 14551 12,871 27,422 13111 11,369 24,480 128,836 105,292 234,128

Chart36. Distribution of Primary Education by Region during 2011/2012

44

Table 48: Distribution of Primary Education by Region during 2012/2013-2013/2014

Region Awdal M.Jeex Sahil Togdheer Sanag Sool Saraar Buhoodle Hawd Gabiley Odwayne Badhan Salal Total

Student Enrolment Male 2012/2013 2013/2014 11,943 13,156 34,899 37,808 5,872 4,942 17,952 16,345 11,303 10,973 9,281 9,123 2,763 2,650 3,819 4,350 1,279 1,172 7,717 8,902 1,534 1,605 4,686 5,078 1,816 2,026 114,864 118,130

Source: Ministry of Education.

Female 2012/2013 2013/2014 10,763 11,590 28,137 30,027 4,657 4,914 12,431 12,131 10,041 9,556 7,256 7,578 2,956 2,354 2,887 3,222 1,029 905 5,643 6,319 972 999 3,370 3,962 1,541 1,682 91,683 95,239

M/F Total 2012/2013 2013/2014 22,706 24,746 63,036 67,835 10,529 9,856 30,383 28,476 21,344 20,529 16,537 16,701 5,719 5,004 6,706 7,572 2,308 2,077 13,360 15,221 2,506 2,604 8,056 9,040 3,357 3,708 206,547 213,369

Chart37. Distribution of Primary Education by Region during 2012/2013-2013/2014/ draft

45

(No)

Table49: Primary Education—Distribution of Students by Gender during 2014/15 Student Enrolment Male Area

Female

TMF

2013/2014

2014/2015

2013/2014

2014/2015

2013/2014

2014/2015

Urban

82,798

92,707

67,291

77,168

118,130

169,874

Rural

35,332

35,764

27,948

28,489

95,239

64,254

Source: Ministry of Education/ draft

Chart 38: Primary Education—Distribution of Students by Gender during 12/13-14/15 100,000 90,000 80,000

Number

70,000 60,000

50,000 Urban

40,000 30,000

20,000

Rural

10,000 0 2013/2014

2014/2015

2013/2014

Male

2014/2015 Female

Gender by Year

Table 50: Primary and Secondary Examination Results (National) during 06/07-14/15 Year 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14

Type Grade 8 Form 4 Grade 8 Form 4 Grade 8 Form 4 Grade 8 Form 4 Grade 8 Form 4 Grade 8 Form 4 Grade 8 Form 4 Grade 8

Schools

Students 88 27 117 36 132 37 149 49 183 51 218 63 253 61 289

5,231 2,468 6,702 3,027 8,142 3,174 8,968 3,980 10,710 4,911 11,626 5,851 12,142 7,302 13,266 46

Passed Failed 4,751 2,370 5,683 2,905 7,402 3,000 8,104 3,881 9,665 4,911 10,688 5,851 11684 7,049 12,744

Absent 369 16 707 9 541 165 659 2 799 0 531 0 187 0 276

111 82 244 113 195 0 204 97 246 0 407 0 271 253 246

2014/2015

Form 4

81

Form 8 Form 4

323 97

7,799 13,985

7,632 12,933

16 837

147 215

9,347

9,218

1

128

Source: Ministry of Education.

Chart 39: Primary and Secondary Examination Results (National) during 06/07--13/15

7.1.2 SECONDARY EDUCATION The total number of students enrolled in secondary schools grew during 2013/2014 from 43,503 to 47,913 2014/2015 which translates to an annual growth rate of 10.1%, but gender disparity in enrolment stands at 0.629 in school year 0f 2014/015 in favour of boys. Table 51: Growth of Secondary Education (Public and Private) during 1996/97-2014/2015 Year 1996/97 1997/98 1998/99 1999/00 2000/01 2001/02 2002/03 2003/04 2004/05

No. of Schools

No. of Classes

3 3 5 13 15 16 24 30 35

7 19 28 69 98 123 178 225 233

Student enrolment Male Female 278 778 1,065 2,246 3,548 4,700 7,502 8,458 9,254 47

51 139 178 526 832 1,052 1,664 2,315 2,590

Teacher Total 329 917 1,243 2,772 4,380 5,752 9,166 10,773 11,844

29 37 59 127 174 232 294 358 300

2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 2014/2015

43 44 59 68 84 99 94 110 114 146

243 253 442 N/A N/A 677 N/A N/A 786 1107

10,565 11,681 13,737 14,843 19,164 24,516 21,229 25,814 27,368 29,415

3,204 3,732 5,409 5,646 7,854 11,614 10,135 13,642 16,135 18,498

13,769 15,413 19,146 20,460 27,018 36,130 31,384 39,456 43,503 47,913

Source: Ministry of Education.5

Chart 40A: Growth of Secondary Education (Public and Private) during 2010-2015

Chart 40B: Growth of Secondary Education (Public and Private) during 1996/97-2013/14

48

315 325 871 546 528 1,202 1,124 1,087 1,755 1,804

Table 52: Distribution of Secondary Education by Region during 2014/2015 Student Enrolment Region Awdal M.Jeex Sahil Sanag

19 48 10 19

Male 3846 15324 1381 2136

Female 2869 9856 729 1452

M/F Total 6715 25180 2110 3588

11 27 134

1324 5404 29415

835 2757 18498

2159 8,161 47,913

Schools

Sool Togdheer Total Source: Ministry of Education.

Chart 41: Public and Private Secondary Schools Distribution by Region during 2012/15

Table 53: Distribution of Secondary Education by Region during 2013/2014 Region

Schools

Student Enrolment Female

Male

Awdal M/jeex Saxil Togdheer

19 36 8 24

Sanaag Sool

18 9

M/F Total

3,303 14,661 1,315

2,523 8,122 716

5,826 22,783 2,031

4,704 2,020 1,365

2,540 1,331 899

7,244 3,351 2,264

49

Total

114

27,368

16,131

43,499

Source: Ministry of Education.

Chart 42: Public and Private Secondary Schools Distribution by Region during 2013/2014

7.1.3. HIGHER EDUCATION Table 54: Number of Students Enrolled at the beginning of the academic year in Universities 2011-2015

City Borama Gebiley

Hargeisa

Berbera

Burao Cerigavo

Amoud EELO Tima Cadde U. Hargeisa U. Golis N. generation U.HOPE CSI U. Admas U. Alpha Adis Ababa Beder Golis Academy Burao Golis Adis Ababa Golis

2011 3508 659 227 3126 2223

2012 2,895 654

2013 4,031 714 80 4,941 2,948 170 1,698 788 187 _ 240 _ 760 84 348 _

4,005 2102 183

1472

1,472 1,504

_

_ 195 84 658 _

321 _ _

_

_ 50

2014 3,822 925 1548 6,040 3,405 866 69 767 1363 722 189 553 192 126 794 _ 342 _

2015 4,046 680 516 6649 2448 1614 137 640 1791 1506 513 674 202 105 727 694 377 306

Total

11,958

13,752

17,335

20,441

23,553

Source: Universities.

Chart 43: Number of Students Enrolled at the beginning of the academic year in Universities 2011-2015

Table 55: Total Students Enrolled in all universities by faculty during the 2011-2015 Faculties All freshs Business Education Agriculture Medicine Shar & Law Human resource Nursing Development management Comp. ICT Global and international studies Public administration Dental Engineering Lab. Tech urban management Pharmacy Dip.in Bus Dip. in Proj Dip. in Edu Scott Islamic Stu.

2011 1,018 1,391 460 413 635 590

2012 828 2,135 369 277 567 489

112

110

1,267

2,648

75 1,480 56

56 1,201 68

50 101 77 225 214

62 317 51

2013 1,083 1,730 836 745 691 458 165 311 220 1,644 64 284 81 1,523 131 37 62 291

2014 1,247 2,136 718 933 660 684 297 219 197 1,886 142 242 68 1,854 68 93 55 215

2015 8753 1988 262 1898 752 441 405 457 326 1803 189 214 93 1771 201 108 75 68 176 281

Science Economics Management Accounting Com. Science Mgt. Science Eco. Manag Science Teleco Eng. Qoran Science MSM Institute of Peace Veterinary Languages` Office Admin Dev’t Studies Continuous Study MBA Business & IT (BIT) International relations and political science Computer Engineering Geology Public Health Social Work Health and Science Social Science Post gradute studies MBBS CLS Marine Engineering Science foundation Community development Animal science and agriculture Nautical Science Clinical Laboratory Science Degree Clinical Laboratory Science Diploma Midwifery Islamic Economic Teacher Training Post gradute Diploma Optometry Project Management G & Leadership Architecture Education Phy/maths Education Bio/chemistry Education Geo/history Education Arabic/religion Nutrition Law Fishery Diploma Accounting Diploma Computer

589 636 233 315 197 792 65 153 150 30 27 20 221 266 46 54

801 981 233 315 195 177 391 142 37 39 20 263 46 102 127 42 110 78 122 50 35 35 63 98 74 49

1,021 1,165 132 453 68 1,024 674 120 36 625 148 67 86 165 557 125 301 39 26 89 58

1,476 1,161 120 600 288 183 858 144 27 590 226 79 209 891 265 132 154 36 33 41 92 115 123 37 80 61 35 9 16 12 19 31 68 26 18

52

2021 995 153 1023 538 557 140 805 23 76 77 1082 146 194 315 101 48 60 133 96 76 101 16 302 57 -

Total

11,958

13,752

17,335

20,441

28,980

Source: Universities.

Table 56: Students graduated by University 2011-2015 City Borama Gebiley

Hargeisa

Berbera Burao Cerigavo Total

Amoud University EELO University Tima Cadde University University Of Hargeisa Gollis University New generation University Collage HOPE University Civil Servant Institute (CSI) Admas University Collage Alpha University Collage Adis Ababa Medical University Collage Beder International University Gollis University Academy Burao University Golis University Adis Ababa Buroa Golis University

2011 253 155 538 262

2012 416 122 649 358 42

289

433 429

_

_ 88 _ 62 _ 2,599

_ 12 _ 1,546

Source: Universities.

Chart 44: Students graduated by University 2011-2015

53

2013 421 665 744 372 58 85 379 368 108 _ 58 _ _ 3,150

2014 2015 613 685 624 174 67 164 793 930 701 832 479 604 83 66 353 101 1363 237 416 100 135 63 147 44 54 72 51 483 654 130 28 395 - 5,920 5,538

Table 57: Students graduating nationwide from universities by specialist 2011-2015 Faculty MS-IT Telecom Eng. Civil Eng. Medicine Global studies Public health Anes Thesia Law Public admin Computer Science Acc.and Finance Business Economics BPA Mgt science

2011 Male Female 130 57 0 0 71 2 13 4

2012 Male Female 448 145 83 10 143 4 20 13

2013 Male Female 111 55 173 20 242 23 20 8 18 6 72 40 11 2 58 29 0 0 408 131 113 66 207 89 224 45

2014 Male Female 705 226 136 18 237 24 27 12 62 28 87 119 0 0 35 25 115 23 112 22 264 144 364 182 327 102 0 0

2015 Male Female 304 128 167 16 385 23 110 49 78 31 234 262 0 0 43 26 29 7 174 41 165 80 391 293 224 115 29 7 12 6

0 59 0 29 28 149 154 0

0 15 0 16 30 91 33 0

11 75 0 165 134 202 186 21

2 50 0 36 62 109 54 4

92

57

34

24

154

94

73

23

24

21

30

11

29

23

42

26

122

92

Human resource

16

7

149

59

148

70

Geology

38

12

0

0

32

4

49

36

0

0

96

50

4

3

29

32

27

8

20

1

11

1

34

1 26

Islamic

Science

8

5

43

21

Social work MSM Education

28

1

38

4

131

51

29

5

79

13

179

39

152

21

2

28

6

38

10

10

9

19

6

Midwifery

0

0

21

0

0

0

0

61

Medical Laboratory

0

0

13

4

24

12

14

4

24

22

28

5

32

3

54

12

94

16

229

77

Nursing

9

17

7

24

31

43

8

18

81

69

Dentists

0

0

10

2

14

2

0

0

5

4

105

52

0

0

2

7

84

60

0

0

0

0

IPCS

Agriculture

Sharia & Law

36

11

25

11

Diploma Education

69

13

46

3

Diploma in Bus.

0

0

25

6

Diploma in Dental

0

0

1

1

0

0

0

0

MDG

0

0

34

46

0

0

0

0

54

25 10

11 30

D.s Crim. & Justice

0

0

20

6

23

4

8

1

50

21

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

19

0

0

0

Distance Prog

0

0

0

0

Veterinary

0

0

0

0

Journalism

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Continuous Study

8

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

213

253

0

0

Clinical Laboratory Science Degree

6

9

0

0

Clinical Laboratory Science Diploma

33

9

0

0

Biomedical Science

14

14

6

14

9

0

10

5 76

9

5

Dev’t Studies

Enviromental Science Nutrition

35

50

48

English Course 6 months

7

3

10

11

Arabic Course 6 months

4

2

0

0

107

7

31

12

Architecture

26

6

0

0

Management

188

86

11

10

0

0

Development Management

International relations and political science Medicine and nursing

6

1

56

6

0

0

Community development

24

8

33

41

Animal science and agriculture

11

2

0

0

Pharmacy

14

2

10

1

Diploma IT

120

18

31

17

English Post gradute Diploma

73

34

0

0

44

3

54

15

Diploma of Accounting

10

16

0

0

Diploma English

12

16

0

0

Port Management

18

10

0

Neutical

27

3

T.T Program

31

41

Foundation

88

31

Diploma project management

24

16

3,812

1,927

Total

1,110

436

1,932

667

2,301

849

4,236

1,766

Source: Universities.

Chart 45A: Students graduating nationwide from universities by Gender 2011-2015

55

7.2. HEALTH More than 3.5 million population of Somaliland is served 2015 by 36 hospitals, 101 health centres, and 164 health posts. The health sector receives large amounts of assistance from international organizations.

7.2.1PUBLIC HEALTH Table 58: Available Health services facilities 2015 Awdal 2015 3 22 30 1 1 3

Health facilities Public Hospital MCHs Health Posts Mobile Clinic Public Mental Health Private Hospitals

M/jeex

4 29 30 2 2 9

Togdher g

Sana

Sool

Sahil 2 11 14 1 1 0

2 17 30 1 1 3

2 12 30 2 0 1

2 10 30 30 0 0

15 101 164 37 5 16

Chart 46A: Available Health Staff Distribution by Region during 2013-2015 Doctors

Nurses

Midwives

Auxiliary

X-Ray Technicians

Region Awdal M/Jeeh Sahil T/Dheer Sanaag Sool Total

Laboratory Technologists

2013

2014

2015

2013

2014

2015

2013

2014

2015

2013

2014

2015

2013

2014

2015

2013

2014

2015

34 37 7 20 6 2 106

33

34 42 9 20 7 4 116

150 288 53 143 54 83 771

131 123 47 145 60 97 603

114 302 49 143 48 31 687

11 17 11 5 1 0 45

71 72 11 34 12

11 17 11 5 23 6 73

98 193 41 113 68 38 551

113 185 46 118 87 43 592

98 196 46 113 69 46 568

0 3 0 1 0 0 4

2 5 2 1 2

0 3 0 1 2 2 8

3 22 8 1 0 1 35

14

3 29 8 1 11 7 59

8 18 8 5 72

200

Sources: Ministry of Health. 56

12

12 6 32

Sources: Ministry of Health.

Chart 47: Available Health services facilities 2012-2013

Table 60. Available Health services facilities 2014 Region

Doctors

Nurses

Midwives

Auxiliary X-Ray Technicians

Laboratory Technologists

Awdal

33

131

71

113

2

14

123

72

185

5

47

11

46

2

145

34

118

1

M/Jeeh Sahil

8

T/Dheer 18

57

12

Sanaag

8

60

Sool

5

97

Total

72

603

12

87

2

6

12

32

43 200

592

Sources: Ministry of Health.

Chart 48: Available Health services facilities 2014

Table 61: Regional Immunization Routing Data in 2015 Awdal

Marodi Jeex

Sahil

Togdher

Sanag

Sool

Total

EPI: CHILDREN BCG

Under 1yr

15,887

15,238

3,609

11,332

5,222

710

51,998

Polio-0

Under 1yr

13,184

10,716

2,891

7,075

2,218

538

36,622

OPV1

Under 1yr

29,470

26,039

4,915

20,433

5,182

616

86,655

OPV3

Under 1yr

27,359

21,736

4,242

18,101

4,896

566

76,900

DPT1

Under 1yr

29,581

24,816

4,780

20,116

5,107

619

85,019

DPT3

Under 1yr

27,257

21,739

4,194

17,445

4,736

563

75,934

Measles

Under 1yr

20,390

19,261

3,752

14,791

5,055

624

63,873

55,378

41,031

12,036

44,040

9,275

12,955

174,715

29,715

11,944

9,605

23,603

9,638

13,717

98,222

EPI: WOMEN Pregnant TT2+ Women WCBA

58

Chart 49: Regional Immunization Routing Data in 2015

BCG Selected Region Awdal M.Jeeh Sahil T/Dheer Sanaag Sool

2010 6508 14665 2175 3198 3319 2976

DPT1-2-3 2011 9287 14554 2936 5377 4798 4148

2010 6132 12024 2178 2342 2176 8281

OPV1-2-3 2011 8804 11064 2461 2792 2764 3691

2010 6127 12136 2150 2365 2181 8379

Measles 2011 8888 11086 2455 3045 3016 3711

59

2010 4720 11464 2495 2931 1938 5709

2011 6205 10415 2566 3807 2637 2542

TT for pregnant woman* 2010 2011 6194 11190 13157 17625 4341 4196 3231 4469 4063 4419 8615 6620

TT for non pregnant woman* 2010 2011 4790 9875 6819 10301 2896 4512 1115 3516 5765 8920 7043 9525

Total

32,841 41,100 33,133 Sources: Ministry of Health.

31,576

33,338

32,201

29,257

28,172 39,601 48,519 *1st + 2nd Dose

28,428

Chart 49A: Regional Immunization Routing Data in 2010-2011

Chart 49B: Regional Imm. Routing Data TT for Pregnant & Non-Pregnant women during 2010-2011

Table 62: Regional Immunization Routing Data in 2012

60

46,649

Sources: Ministry of Health.

Chart 50A: Regional Immunization Routing Data in 2012

Chart 50B: Regional Immunization Routing Data TT for Pregnant & Non-Pregnant women in 2012 2012 EPI: CHILDREN BCG Under 1yr Polio-0 Under 1yr OPV1 Under 1yr OPV3 Under 1yr DPT1 Under 1yr DPT3 Under 1yr Measles Under 1yr EPI: WOMEN Pregnant Women TTTT2+ WCBA

Awdal

M. Jeex

Sahil

Togdher

Sanag

Sool

Total

10,213 3,637 18,745 16,580 18,622 16,495 13,906

17,610 6,066 22,171 19,001 21,424 18,383 18,540

7,223 1,277 9,945 8,540 9,872 7,926 9,639

3,889 661 10,033 17,381 9,393 7,534 9,558

7,950 2,645 9,589 11,204 9,330 10,518 8,785

5,027 2,671 6,946 6,542 7,469 7,005 5,326

51,912 16,957 77,429 79,248 76,110 67,861 65,754

24,603 14,330

29,103 16,813

16,877 12,770

12,900 5,624

16,334 20,569

12,562 12,954

112,379 83,060

Table63: Regional Immunization Routing Data in 2013

61

1 3 s

EPI: CHILDREN

Awdal Marodi Jeex

Sahil

Togdher

Sanag

Sool

Total

BCG Under 1yr Polio-0 Under 1yr OPV1 Under 1yr OPV3 Under 1yr PENTA Under 1yr PENTA Under 1yr Measle Under 1yr EPI: WOMEN TT2+ Pregnant Women WCBA

16,842 8,244 19,288 17,106 19,476 17,231 12,540

19,572 6,214 25,689 21,755 26,030 21,362 25,825

5,119 2,374 7,364 6,632 7,666 6,881 7,300

7,413 2,628 10,285 8,115 10,370 7,981 6,693

5,845 1,186 5,681 6,240 5,296 6,275 4,077

5,299 2,556 6,581 5,874 6,520 5,762 4,250

60,090 23,202 74,888 65,722 75,358 65,492 60,685

25,880 13,345

28,555 13,677

13,249 9,917

14,074 6,375

6,996 8,532

6,569 8,398

95,323 60,244

Sources: Ministry of Health.

Chart 51A: Regional Immunization Routing Data in 2013

Chart 51B: Regional Immunization Routing Data in 2013

Table 64: Regional Immunization Routing Data in 2014 62

Awdal EPI: CHILDREN BCG Polio-0 OPV1 OPV3 DPT1 DPT3 Measles EPI: WOMEN TT2+

Under 1yr Under 1yr Under 1yr Under 1yr Under 1yr Under 1yr Under 1yr Pregnant Women WCBA

Marodi Jeex

Sahil

Togdher

Sanag

Sool

Total

11,587 8,449 20,283 18,685 20,505 18,679 15,091

14,835 8,931 24,145 20,680 24,008 20,704 16,727

6,323 4,209 8,130 7,902 8,410 7,909 7,589

15,781 7,120 22,306 19,972 21,855 19,535 16,374

5,354 1,863 5,711 5,906 5,604 5,743 5,121

3,264 2,936 5,732 5,190 5,650 5,108 5,035

57,144 33,508 86,307 78,335 86,032 77,678 65,937

25,993

28,539

14,348

34,415

8,645

7,984

119,924

14,045

9,818

14,060

34,415

9,750

8,636

90,724

Sources: Ministry of Health.

Chart 52A: Regional Immunization Routing Data in 2014

Chart 52B: Regional Immunization Routing Data in 2014

63

Table 65: TB Case detection in 14 TB Centres in Somaliland during 2012 Sources: Ministry of Health

TOTAL All cases

3

0

2

21

97

20

12

1

8

19

88

26

391

38

Gabilay

60

9

5

0

1

14

59

7

3

0

1

0

37

11

207

21

Finsoma

80

12

0

0

0

1

31

34

16

8

2

10

68

0

262

20

Harg. TB H

531

55

26

1

23

53

157

193

54

51

14

49

420

65

1692

77

Berbera

48

4

1

0

0

0

33

34

8

1

3

9

23

0

164

19

Burao

222

24

7

0

1

6

171

137

26

1

11

36

224

0

866

32

Buhodle

52

2

3

1

1

0

9

1

0

0

3

3

12

0

87

20

Erigavo

78

4

1

0

0

2

20

5

0

0

3

11

33

3

160

10

Lasanod

59

9

1

0

0

3

65

9

4

2

3

6

38

2

201

13

Odweine

49

1

0

2

0

6

11

0

3

0

0

0

13

0

85

7

B/Gubadle

18

0

0

0

0

4

25

11

3

0

0

0

16

0

77

1

Sheik

84

9

1

0

0

0

3

5

1

0

1

1

3

0

108

5

Badhan

42

0

0

0

0

1

23

0

0

0

0

0

1

0

67

7

Odweine

49

2

0

0

0

0

0

1

1

0

0

0

7

0

60

0

1458

142

45

4

28

111

704

457

131

64

49

144

983

107

4427

270

64

Transfer In

0

G/Total

> 15 yrs

0-4 yrs

5-14 yrs

> 15 yrs

5-14 yrs

11

0-4 yrs

86

0-4 yrs

After default

Borama

TB Centre

> 15 yrs

New extrapulmonary

After failure

Previously treated

Pulmonary sputum smear microscopy not done / not available

Relaps es

New cases

Pulmonary sputum smear microscopy positive

5-14 yrs

New pulmonary sputum smear microscopy negative

Other previously treated

Table 66: TB Case detection in 10 TB Centres in Somaliland during 2015

Table 66A: List of TB Facilities in Somaliland 2015.

14 Sanag 15 16 17 Sool 18

Erigavo TB Hospital Celafweyn TB Center Badhan Lasanod TB Hospital Hudun TB Center

5-14 yrs

> 15 yrs

0-4 yrs

5-14 yrs

> 15 yrs

New extrapulmonary

0-4 yrs

Pulmonary sputum smear microscopy not done / not available

> 15 yrs

Pulmonary sputum smear microscopy positive

New pulmonary sputum smear microscopy negative

364

58

7

3

0

44

147

261

53

7

6

51

338

Other previously 3 treated 62

23 86 74 53 149 48 78 68 72 1,015

3 9 8 2 12 3 8 5 6 114

0 0 1 0 10 0 2 1 0 21

0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 4

0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3

0 7 11 0 7 0 11 12 1 93

18 73 20 4 136 4 38 46 5 491

34 10 34 1 112 0 14 15 3 484

6 5 10 0 36 0 4 0 2 116

2 0 1 0 2 0 1 0 0 13

1 2 1 0 9 0 2 5 0 26

3 12 3 5 18 0 5 9 0 106

20 66 43 14 131 2 17 34 5 670

0 7 1 0 0 0 7 2 1 80

Previously treated

65

TOTAL All cases

1401

Transfer In

Hargeisa TB Hospital Gabilay TB Hospital Bali-Gubadle TB Center FINISOAM TB Center Mohamed Moge TB Center Berbera TB Hospital Sheikh RB Center TB Hospital Oodweyne TB Center Buhodle TB Center Caynaba TB Center

5-14 yrs

Borama Finsom Buhoodle Buroa El afwayn Erigavo Las anod Sheikh Total

3 Mjeex 4 5 6 7 8 Sahil 9 10 Togdher 11 12 13

0-4 yrs

Berbera

List of TB Facilities Borame Hospital Harirad TB Center

Rela pses After failur e After defa ult

TB centre Hargeisa

Region 1 Awdal 2

New cases

SNo

53

110 14 280 57 207 38 81 20 634 49 57 5 188 5 197 11 95 11 3,250 263

After failure

After default

0-4 yrs

5-14 yrs

> 15 yrs

0-4 yrs

5-14 yrs

> 15 yrs

0-4 yrs

5-14 yrs

> 15 yrs

Other previously treated

Total all cases

Transfer In

Pulmonary sputum smear microscopy not done / not available

Relapses

New pulmonary sputum smear microscopy negative

3

Table 66: TB Case detection in 10 TB Centres in Somaliland during 2011

Hargeisa

364

58

7

3

0

44

147

261

53

7

6

51

338

62

1401

53

Berbera

23

3

0

0

0

0

18

34

6

2

1

3

20

0

110

14

Borama

86

9

0

0

3

7

73

10

5

0

2

12

66

7

280

57

Finsom

74

8

1

0

0

11

20

34

10

1

1

3

43

1

207

38

Buhoodle

53

2

0

0

0

0

4

1

0

0

0

5

14

0

81

20

149

12

10

1

0

7

136

112

36

2

9

18

131

0

634

49

El afwayn

48

3

0

0

0

0

4

0

0

0

0

0

2

0

57

5

Erigavo

78

8

2

0

0

11

38

14

4

1

2

5

17

7

188

5

Las anod

68

5

1

0

0

12

46

15

0

0

5

9

34

2

197

11

Sheikh

72

6

0

0

0

1

5

3

2

0

0

0

5

1

95

11

1,015

114

21

4

3

93

491

484

116

13

26

106

670

80

3,250

263

TB centre

Buroa

Total

New cases

Pulmonary sputum smear microscopy positive Previously treated

Sources: Ministry of Health.

66

New extrapulmonary

Table 67: TB Case detection in 10 TB Centres in Somaliland during 2014

TOTAL All cases

All new and relapse cases (bacteriological confirmed or clinically diagnosed) registered during the quarter by age group and sex

6

124

0

3

1

19

19

76

56

126

701

Harirad

11

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

9

3

3

3

1

0

4

2

12

49

Hargeisa

410

48

2

0

685

0

34

29

590

0

18

5

302

105

289

200

454

3171

Gabilay

51

8

3

0

64

2

1

0

28

1

0

0

10

8

35

30

61

302

BaliGubadle Finisom

30

0

0

0

33

0

0

0

20

0

0

0

7

2

11

12

17

132

80

6

1

0

90

0

0

0

58

0

0

0

69

20

71

27

49

471

Berbera

46

3

1

0

60

8

8

8

27

1

0

0

25

11

20

19

54

291

Sheikh

35

7

0

0

13

2

0

0

5

4

0

0

5

4

11

21

24

131

Burao

187

28

0

0

333

0

14

0

236

0

3

0

71

56

110

88

176

1302

Oodweyne

95

3

0

0

5

0

0

0

40

0

0

0

1

9

42

36

57

288

Buhodle

60

2

3

0

19

0

0

0

25

0

0

0

10

5

27

24

28

203

Erigavo

72

6

0

0

99

1

0

0

22

0

0

0

7

26

54

38

82

407

Celafweyn

77

5

0

0

2

0

0

0

2

0

0

0

1

6

22

17

82

214

Lasanod

83

2

0

0

100

3

5

0

62

0

0

0

23

22

48

50

112

510

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

1334

124

15

0

1653

16

76

43

1248

9

27

9

551

408

820

620

1334

8287

Hudun Total

0-4 yrs

New cases

> 65 yrs

14

25-34 yrs

0

15-24 yrs

150

5-14 yrs

Previous treatment history unknown

0

New cases

5

Relapse

5

Previous treatment history unknown

97

Relapse

TB centre Borame

New cases

Previously treated (excluding relapse)

Male and Female

Relapse

Extra pulmonary, bacteriological confirmed or clinically diagnosed

Previously treated (excluding relapse) Previous treatment history unknown

Pulmonary, clinically diagnosed

Previously treated (excluding relapse)

Pulmonary, bacteriological confirmed

Sources: Ministry of Health

7.2.2 PRIVATE HEALTH SERVICES Table 68 : Availability of Private Health Services 2011 Selected Towns

Hargeisa

Name of Hospitals Manhal Hosp. Red Sea Hosp. Gargaar Hosp. B.kal-kaal Hosp. Edna M. Hosp.

Doctors 14 1 8 4 5

Nurses 9 5 26 2 12 67

Midwives 0 0 4 0 8

X-Ray Tech. 2 0 0 0 0

Beds 83 8 88 15 69

Lab. Technologists 2 2 10 2 6

Borama

Allale Hospital AmoudF. Hospital

5 11 48

Total

3 21 78

2 3 17

1 2 5

75 100 448

4 2 28

Source: Private Health Sector.

Chart 53A: Availability of Private Health Services 2011

Chart 53B: Availablity of private Health Bed Distribution by 2011

Table 69: Availability of Private Health Services 2012 City

Hargeisa

Hospital name

Herer Gargaar Harg. Neuro Bukan Kalkaal

# of Doctors

# of Nurses

3 10 3 1

2 23 4 2

# of # of X-ray # of Midwives Technicians Beds

0 9 0 0

0 0 0 0 68

10 90 5 15

# of Lab. technicians

2 10 2 1

TBA

0 0 0 0

Pharmacologists 0 0 0 0

Togdheer Borama

Qudus Manhal NewHargeisa Edna Manhal Al- Hayad Alaale

4 16 9 5 9 16 5

7 14 12 14 15 26

1 2 0 14 0 0 3

1 1 0 1 1 2 1

30 84 40 72 40 70 93

4 5 4 5 2 6 3

0 0 0 0 0 0 2

0 0 0 0 0 3 4

Source: Private Health Sector.

Chart 54A: Availability of Private Health Services 2012

Chart 54B: Availablity of private Health Bed Distribution by 2012

Table 70: Availability of Private Health Services 2013 City

Hargeisa

Hospital name

Doctors

Nurses

Herer Gargaar Kaah Harg. Neuro

3 8 3 3

2 26 4 4

Midwives X-ray Tech. 0 10 4 0

0 2 0 69

Beds 10 86 16 5

Lab. tech. 7 3 2

Pharmacologists 0 5 2 0

Togdheer Borama Erigavo

B.Kalkaal Qudus Manhal New Hargeisa Edna Lama huraan Manhal Al- Hayad Alaale Sanaag

1 4 16 7 5 4 9 16 5 5

2 7 14 9 8 8 15 25 17 40

0 1 2

0 1 1

14

1

0 5 6 0

1 1 1 1

15 30 84 40 72 30 40 100 130 0

1 4 5 5 4 1 2 6 1 5

0 0 0 5 4 1 0 0 1 1

Source: Private Health Sector.

Chart 55A: Availability of Private Health Services 2013

Chart 55B: Availablity of private Health Bed Distribution by 2013

Table 71: Availability of Private Health Services 2014 City

Hargeisa

Hospital name Gargaar Kaah Harg. Neuro

# of # of # of # of X-Ray # of # of Laboratory # of Doctors Nurses Midwives Technications Beds Technologists Pharmacologists 9 26 7 2 93 7 2 3 4 4 1 14 2 2 2 5 0 1 10 2 2 70

Manhal New Hargeisa Edna International Al- Hayad Caafi Alaale Manhal Daaru Xanaan Manhal

Borama Togdheer Erigavo

13 3 6 23 23 1 4 6 4 1

10 5 13 20 25 6 6 9 9 11

0

1

0

0

17 6 6 4 3 3 4 4

1 2 1 0 1 3 1 2

66 22 72 25 150 9 91 64 20 42

5 2 5 5 8 1 3 3 2 2

5 3 6 6 1 1 2 0 0 2

Source: Private Health Centres.

Chart 56A: Availability of Private Health Services 2014

Chart 56B: Availability of private Health Services 2014

Chart 56B: Availability of private Health Services 2015 City

Hargeisa

Hospital name

Gargaar Kaah Harg. Neuro

Doctors

7 4 3

Nurses

Midwives

30 4 14

8 5 2 71

X-Ray Techn.

Laboratory Technologists

Pharmacologists

Beds

2 102 1 18 1 15

8 3 4

6 2 3

Borama

Togdheer Erigavo

Manhal New Hargeisa Edna International Hospital Al- Hayad Caafi Alaale Manhal Baxeer Carafaat Manhal

10 3 9

13 5 12

13 20 2 9 4 1 1 1

18 29 5 9 10 3 2 11

0

1

0

0

20

1

8 6 5 3 3 4 4

60 22 73

5 2 6

2 3 5

1 30 1 150 0 20 1 76 1 74 22 10 2 42

8 7 2 4 3 1 3 2

5 2 2 2 2 1 1 2

Table 72: Number of health facilities (public and private) by region 2010-2011 Health facility Public hospitals MCH Health Posts Public mental health Private hospitals Total

M/jeeh 2010 2011 4 4 24 24 30 30 1 1 3 3 62 62

Awdal 2010 2011 3 3 20 20 30 30 0 0 2 2 55 55

Sahil 2010 2011 2 2 8 8 15 15 1 1 0 0 26 26

Togdheer 2010 2011 2 2 14 14 30 30 1 1 1 1 48 48

Sources: Ministry of Health.

Chart 57A: Number of health facilities (public and private) by region 2010-2011

72

Sool 2010 2011 2 2 9 9 35 35 0 0 1 1 47 47

Sanaag 2010 2011 2 2 12 12 35 35 0 0 1 1 50 50

Chart 57B: Number of health facilities (public and private) by region 2010-2011

Table 73: Number of health facilities (public and private) by region 2012 Health facility Public hospitals MCH Health Posts Mobile Clinics Public mental health Private hospitals

M/jeeh 3 26 30 2 1 4

Awdal 3 21 30 1 1 2

Sahil 2 8 14 1 1 0

Togdheer 4 14 30 1 1 1

Sources: Ministry of Health.

Chart 58A: Health facilities (public and private) by region 2012

73

Sool 2 10 30 2 0 1

Sanaag 2 12 30 2 0 1

Total 16 91 164 9 4 9

Chart 58B: Health facilities (MCH and Health posts) by region 2012

Table 74: Number of health facilities (public and private) by region 2013-2014

Health facilities Public Hospital MCHs Health Posts Mobile Clinic Public Mental Health Private Hospitals Total

Awdal 2013 2 22 30 1 0 1 56

2014 3 23 32 1 1 2 62

M/jeex 2013 2014 5 6 23 33 30 26 2 2 1 2 5 8 66 77

Sahil 2013 2 11 11 1 1 0 26 74

2014 3 12 16 1 1 0 33

Togdher 2013 2014 5 5 17 20 30 32 1 1 1 1 3 5 57 64

Sanag 2013 3 12 30 2 0 1 48

2014 4 12 26 2 0 1 45

Sool 2013 3 12 30 2 0 1 48

2014 3 12 30 2 0 1 48

Sources: Ministry of Health.

Chart 59A: Health facilities (public and private) by region 2013-2014

Chart 59B: Health facilities (public and private) by region 2013-2014

7.3 JUSTICES 7.3.1 CRIMINAL STATISTICS:

Table 75: Criminal and Civil Statistics in Somaliland during 2010-2011

Regions M/jeeh Awdal

Completed cases Civil Criminal 2010 2011 2010 2011 1,430 1,725 774 2,463 361 486 352 358

Pending Cases Civil Criminal 2010 2011 2010 2011 445 440 515 270 37 44 27 37 75

Total of Civil & Criminal Cases 2010 2011 3,164 4,898 777 925

Sahil T/Dheer Sanaag Sool Total

118 381 178 106 2,777

255 557 217 3,281

494 525 177 77 2,441

492 729 281 4,344

13 48 31 17 670

28 76 31 869

22 26 27 0 632

22 118 18 483

647 980 413 200 6,181

797 1,480 547 8,647

Source: Supreme Court of Somaliland

Chart 60: Criminal and Civil Statistics in Somaliland during 2010-2011

Source: Supreme Court of Somaliland

Table 76: Criminal and Civil Statistics in Somaliland during 2012

Regions Years M/jeh Sahil Togdheer Sanaag

cases Civil Criminal registered Cases Cases 2012 1,441 583 1,083 302

2012 479 135 588 143

2012 962 428 495 159

cases continued

cases completed

2012 Civil Criminal 397 205 192 38 22 16 186 146 40 54 29 25

2012 Civil Criminal 1,056 286 770 595 113 482 967 514 486 146 51 95

76

Awdal Total

999 4,408

659 2004

340 2384

142 817

84 486

58 331

857 575 3621 1539

282 2115

Chart 61A: Civil & Criminal Statistics in Somaliland during 2012

Chart 61B: Civil & Criminal Statistics Cases in Somaliland during 2012 (Continued and Completed)

Table 77: Criminal and Civil Statistics in Somaliland during 2013 Regions Years M/jeh Sahil Togdheer Sool

cases registered 2013 5860 678 1398 739

Civil Criminal Cases Cases 2013 2013 2872 2988 339 349 894 604 339 400

cases continued 2013 760 129 101 132 77

Civil 555 67 85 84

Criminal 205 62 16 47

cases completed 2013 5100 562 1297 593

Civil 2313 75 709 241

Criminal 2785 287 588 352

Sanaag Awdal Total

292 1020 9,987

155 420 5,019

137 123 600 126 5,078 1,371

56 50 897

57 76 463

169 630 8351

96 106 3,540

73 524 4,609

Source: Supreme Court of Somaliland

Chart 62A: Civil & Criminal Statistics in Somaliland during 2013

Chart 62B: Civil & Criminal Statistics Cases in Somaliland during 2013 (Continued and Completed)

Table 78: Criminal and Civil Statistics in Somaliland during 2014 Regions Years M/jeh Sahil Togdheer Sool Sanaag

cases registered 2014 5838 674 1566 765 543

Civil Cases 2014 2945 340 659 354 311

Criminal Cases cases continued 2014 2014 Civil Criminal 2893 1025 805 220 334 91 55 36 907 286 168 118 411 118 72 46 252 174 109 66 78

cases completed 2014 Civil Criminal 4891 2203 2688 574 299 275 1300 719 581 548 182 366 447 208 194

Awdal Total

1472 10858

1151 5760

295 114 5092 1808

88 1297

27 513

1358 9118

1089 4700

Source: Supreme Court of Somaliland

Chart 63A: Civil & Criminal Statistics in Somaliland during 2014

Chart 63B: Cases Continued and Completed Cases in Somaliland during 2014

Table 80: Criminal and Civil Statistics in Somaliland during 2015 Criminal Regions cases registered CivilCases Cases cases continued cases completed Years 2015 2015 2015 2015 Civil Criminal 2015 Civil Criminal M/jeh 6973 3636 3337 1057 867 190 5946 2799 3147 Sahil 726 449 277 57 43 14 701 406 295 Togdheer 1700 1091 609 396 278 118 1204 740 464 Sool 698 329 369 125 77 48 576 248 328 Sanaag 723 397 326 316 274 42 563 211 352 79

269 4373

Awdal Total

1624 12444

1156 7058

468 484 352 5386 2435 1891

132 1019 521 544 10009 4925

498 5084

Chart xxx: Civil & Criminal Statistics in Somaliland during 2015

Chart XXX: Cases Continued and Completed Cases in Somaliland during 2015

Table 79: Yearly statistics on Legal aid Providers 2013-2014 Name of Legal aid Provider

Year SOLLA SWLA HARGEISA

Total number of Criminal Cases

2013 1433 1369 284

2014 0 108 176 80

Total number of Civil cases

2013 356 257 267

2014 0 216 250

Total Number of Cases

2013 1789 1626 551

2014 0 324 426

AMOUD LEGAL CLINIC TOTAL

428 3514

349 633

180 1060

Source: Ministry of justice

Chart 64: Yearly statistics on Legal aid Providers 2013

Table 80: Registered Notaries in Somaliland by Region 2014 -2015 Regions

Total registered Notaries 2014

2015

M/jeex Saxil Sool Sanaag Togdheer Awdal Total

70 4 2 2 21 13 112

66 4 2 2 23 13 110

Source: Ministry of justice

Chart 65: Registered Notaries in Somaliland by Region 2014-2015

81

186 652

608 4574

535 1285

7.3.3 VEHICLE ACCIDENTS Table 81: Vehicle Accidents during 2011-2015 Year

vehicle accidents

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

vehicle deaths vehicle accident injuries

2199 2191 2385 2687 2803

152 156 155 130 156

1546 1658 1733 2096 2080

Asset crushed 1595 1469 1596 1789 2291

Sources: Police Commander in Chief of Somaliland

Chart 66: Vehicle Accidents in Somaliland during 2011-2015

7.4 WATER 7.4.1 AVAILABLE WATER FACILITIES

Table 82: Number of Available Water Facilities by Region 2013-2014 M.Jeex Rehabilitation of boreholes Drilling of new boreholes Shallow Wells Communal Dams(Ballys) Springs Sub surface dams Water system

Awdal

Sanaag

Sool

Sahil

Togdheer

2013 2014 2013 2014 2013 2014 2013 2014 2013 2014 201 2014 3 2 5 4 4 6 4 10 6 8 2 3 5 6 5 6 7 3 4 14 5 4 3 4 8 25 20 14 12 8 6 60 34 27 18 15 10 10 7 5 8 2 7 10 8 2 3 7 4 3 4 3 2 4 2 15 13 17 12 10 8 7 5 1 3 4 1 16 10 8 4 3 16 40 36 28 15 27 18 18 8 10 12 7 8 82

M.Jeex 2015 Rehabilitation of boreholes Drilling of new boreholes Shallow Wells Communal Dams(Ballys) Springs Sub surface dams Water system

Awdal 2015 4 3 20 8 0 12 10

Sanaag 2015 3 0 7 10 0 12 10

Source: Ministry of Water.

Chart 67: Number of Available Water Facilities by Region 2013-2014

Number of Available Water Facilities by Region 2015

83

Sool 2015 3 7 4 1 0 30 5

4 4 11 9 2 5 8

Sahil 2015

Togdheer 2015 2 4 10 5 1 3 7

3 4 11 4 0 19 6

Table 83: Number of Available Water Facilities during 2012-2015 shallow wells

boreholes

Dams

Berkad

2012

78

133

42

378

2013

164

72

91

0

2014

2500

174

60

23000

2015

2500

174

81

23000

Source: Ministry of Water.

Chart 68: Number of Available Water Facilities 2012-2015

25000

20000 2012

15000

2013

10000

2014

2015

5000 0

shallow wells

boreholes

Dams

Berkad

water Kiosks

7.4.2 STATUS OF BOREHOLES

Table84: Boreholes and their Functional Status during 2011-2015 Regions 2011 Marood Jeex Awdal Sanaag Togdheer Sahil Sool Total

36 19 17 24 13 14 123

2013

2014 62 23 12 63 10 11 72

2015

22 18 57 26 12 15 150

16 19 39 25 15 20 124

Source: Ministry of Water. N.B: 2012 the data is not available in the Ministry of Water 84

2011

2013 29 16 13 25 5 6 97

2014 22 9 18 20 3 6 78

2015 2 3 4 3 2 2 16

2 0 0 0 3 4 9

Chart 69: Functioning and Not Functioning Boreholes in Somaliland during 2011-2015

7.5 TOURISM 7.5.1 HOTELS Table 85: All Hotels in main towns by Staffs, Rooms, and Beds in 2014-2015

Cities

Hargeisa

Borama

Gabiley

Years

2014

2015

2014

2015

2014

48

48

9

11

1159

1170

199

No. beds

1548

1551

No. Staff

956

965

Hotels No. Rooms

Berbera

Buroa

Erigavo

Sool

2015

2014

2015

2014

2015

2014

2015

2015

18

19

13

15

27

31

6

5

10

204

586

725

442

461

332

323

120

87

248

300

895

938

620

639

361

352

102

79

140

153

103

117

125

133

164

107

134

16

10

31

87

Sources: Hotels.

Table 86: Number of Available Media In Somaliland 2012

Year 2012 2014 2015

Number of TV station Public Private 1 13 1 13 1 17

Number of Website Registered Public Private 4 0 4 0 4

Number of Journal Registered Public Private 2 47 2 50 3 30

Sources: Ministry of Information.

Table88: Registered Holly Places (Mosques) for Islamic People 2012-2014

Region name M/jeh

Number of mosques 2013 2014 688 800

2012 530 85

2015 702

Togdheer Awdal Sanaag Sool Sahil Gabilay Hawd Daad Madheedh Buhoodle Saraar Badhan Selel Total

195 130 112 108 53 69 21 33 58 35 70 20 1434

323 135 168 134 62 110 30 34 57 43 79 28 1891

330 139 170 136 63 115 32 36 59 45 81 30 1,938

350 142 180 150 70 122 30 40 68 48 85 30 2115

Source: ministry of endowment

Table 89: Exchange Rate of $1 into Somaliland Shillings SH. 2011-2015 Year 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Selling 5,628 6,354 6,383 6,841 7,357

(Sh.Sl) Buying 5,738 6,464 6,711 7,129 7,546

Source: MNP&D (Depart. Of Statistics)

Chart 70: Exchange rate of $1 into Somaliland shillings SH. 2011-2015

86

(Sh.Sl)

87

88