Somaliland in Figures [12 ed.]

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Table of Contents PREFACE _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ i 1.

INTRODUCTION ______________________________________________________________________________________________1

2.

GEOGRAPHY AND CLIMATE ____________________________________________________________________________________1

2.1.

LOCATION __________________________________________________________________________________________________1

2.2.

AREA ______________________________________________________________________________________________________1

2.3. CLIMATE ____________________________________________________________________________________________________1 2.4.

RAINFALL _________________________________________________________________________________________________2

2.5.

HUMIDITY ________________________________________________________________________________________________3

3.

ADMINISTRATIVE SUB-DIVISIONS _________________________________________________________________________________3

3.1. STATE ______________________________________________________________________________________________________3 3.2. REGIONS AND DISTRICTS _______________________________________________________________________________________3 3.3.

CAPITAL ____________________________________________________________________________________________________3

3.4.

OTHER PRINCIPAL TOWNS _____________________________________________________________________________________3

3.5.

PORTS _____________________________________________________________________________________________________4

4.

POPULATION ________________________________________________________________________________________________4

4.1 VITAL STATISTICS ______________________________________________________________________________________________4 4.2

POPULATION DENSITY _________________________________________________________________________________________4

4.3

RELIGION ___________________________________________________________________________________________________4

4.4

LANGUAGES ________________________________________________________________________________________________4

4.5

CURRENCY __________________________________________________________________________________________________4

5 .Government Employees ___________________________________________________________________________________________5 6. Economy Sector _________________________________________________________________________________________________8 6.1

GDP COMPILATION IN SOMALILAND _____________________________________________________________________________9

6.2

BANKING ________________________________________________________________________________________________ 12

6.3.

LIVESTOCK _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 12

6.4

AGRICULTURE _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 14

6.4.1.

RAIN-FED FARMING AND IRRIGATION ________________________________________________________________________ 14

6.4.2.

MARKETING OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE _____________________________________________________________________ 14

6.4.3.

CEREAL HARVEST IN 2010-2014 _____________________________________________________________________________ 14

6.5

FISHERIES ________________________________________________________________________________________________ 16

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6.5.1. ARTISANAL FISHING _________________________________________________________________________________________ 16 6.5.2. INDUSTRIAL FISHING ________________________________________________________________________________________ 16 6.5.3. FISH CANNERY _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 16 6.5.4. MARKETING _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 17 6.6. CENTRAL GOVERNMENT BUDGET ______________________________________________________________________________ 18 6.7. LOCALGOVERNMENT REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE (Grade A Districts) __________________________________________________ 20 6.8. IMPORT ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 25 6.9. EXPORT ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 30 6.9.1. LIVESTOCK EXPORT _________________________________________________________________________________________ 30 6.9.2. HIDE AND SKIN EXPORT ______________________________________________________________________________________ 33 6.9.3. FRANKINCENSE EXPORT ______________________________________________________________________________________ 34 6.10. TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION ____________________________________________________________________________ 35 7. SOCIAL SECTOR________________________________________________________________________________________________ 37 7.1 EDUCATION _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 37 7.1.1 PRIMARY EDUCATION ________________________________________________________________________________________ 38 7.1.2 SECONDARY EDUCATION _____________________________________________________________________________________ 42 7.1.3. HIGHER EDUCATION_________________________________________________________________________________________ 45 7.2. HEALTH ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 51 7.2.1PUBLIC HEALTH _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 51 7.2.2 PRIVATE HEALTH SERVICES ____________________________________________________________________________________ 60 7.3 JUSTICES ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 67 7.3.1 CRIMINAL STATISTICS: ________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 67

7.3.3 VEHICLE ACCIDENTS _________________________________________________________________________________________ 72 7.4 WATER _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 73 7.4.1 AVAILABLE WATER FACILITIES __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 73 7.4.2 STATUS OF BOREHOLES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 74

7.5 TOURISM ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 75 7.5.1 HOTELS ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 75

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PREFACE The Ministry of National Planning and Development (MNP& D) has the honour of presenting the 2014 edition of Somaliland In-Figures. This booklet is the 12-th publication in the series. It contains official statistical data on various components of the economic and social activities in the Republic. Its purpose is to provide information on different sectors to assist in the planning and development of the nation. Data contained in this booklet is based mainly on the administrative records of the ministries and agencies of the state. The MNP&D is grateful for the assistance it received. Somaliland In-Figures will be regularly updated. Therefore, we welcome the continued support of existing sources and feedback from users of this data. Comments and suggestions may be sent to the Department of Statistics and Research at the MNP&D in Hargeisa. Email: [email protected] Website: www.slministryofplanning.org

“ XOG LA HEL YAABA TALO LA HEL.”

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1.

INTRODUCTION

The former British Somaliland Protectorate achieved full independence from the United Kingdom on 26 June, 1960. On 1 July, 1960, the state of Somaliland united with Somalia, a territory under a U.N. mandated Italian Trusteeship until that same day, thereby creating the Somali Republic. The Republic of Somaliland restored its independence after the total collapse of Somalia on 18 May 1991 as a result of the civil war of the late eighties and early nineties. The decision was made by the Congress of Council of Clan Elders held in Burao from 27 April to 15 May, 1991. Constitutionally, the Republic of Somaliland is a democratic country with a multi-party system. The decision to reclaim independence in 1991 was confirmed by national referendum for the constitution which and bodies the sanity of the sovereignty of Somaliland on which was approved by 97% of the votes. Since then Somaliland held two local municipal elections (2002 and 2012), a parliamentary election (2005) and two presidential elections (2003 and 2010).

2.

GEOGRAPHY AND CLIMATE

2.1.

LOCATION

The Republic of Somaliland is situated in the Horn of Africa. Its boundaries are defined by the Gulf of Aden in the north, Somalia in the east, the Federal Republic of Ethiopia in the south-west, and the Republic of Djibouti in the north-west. It lies between Latitudes 8o and 11o27’ North and Longitudes 42o35’ and 49o East; it has mountain ranges rising up to six and seven thousand feet in the centre and in the east of the country respectively.

2.2.

AREA

The total area of the Republic of Somaliland is 137, 600sqkms, and it has a coastline which is 850kms long.

2.3. CLIMATE Somaliland is located north of the Equator. It is semi-arid. The average daily temperatures range from 25oC to 35oC. The sun passes vertically overhead twice a year, on 22 March and 23 September. Somaliland consists of three main topographic zones: (1). A Coastal Plain (Guban) (2) The Coastal Range (Oogo) (3) A Plateau (Hawd) The Coastal Plain (Guban) is a zone with high temperatures and low rainfall. Summer temperatures in the region easily average over 100”F. However, temperatures come down during the winter, and both human and livestock populations increase dramatically in the region. The Coastal Range (Ogo) is a high plateau to the immediate south of Guban. Its elevation ranges from 6000ft above sea level in the west to 7000ft in the East. Rainfall is heavier there than in Guban, although it varies considerably within the zone. The Plateau (Hawd) region lies to the south of Ogo range. It is generally more heavily populated during the wet season, when surface water is available. It is also an important area for grazing. 1

2.4.

RAINFALL

Somalilanders recognise four seasons in the year; GU and Hagaa comprise spring and summer in that order, and Dayr and Jiilaal correspond to autumn and winter respectively. The average annual rainfall is 446mm in some parts of country according to availability of rain gauge, and most of it comes during Gu and Dayr. GU, which is the first, or major, rainy season (late March, April, May, and early June), experiences the heaviest rainfall in Ogo range and Hawd. This constitutes the period of fresh grazing and abundant surface water. It is also the breeding season for livestock. Hagaa (from late June through August) is usually dry although there are often some scattered showers in the Ogo range, these are known as Karan rains. Hagaa tends to be hot and windy in most parts of the country. Deyr (September, October, and early November), which roughly corresponds to autumn, is the second, or minor, wet season; as the word “minor” suggests, the amount of precipitation is generally less than that of Gu. Jilaal, or winter, falls in the coolest and driest months of the year (from late November to early March). It is a season of thirst. Hawd receive virtually no rainfall in winter. The rainfall in the Guban zone, known as “Hays”, comes between January and March or from December to January.

Table1. Major cities of Somaliland Annual Rainfall in 2014 Borama Dila Gabiley Hargeisa Aburiin Qulujeed Berbera Burco Oodwayne Caynabo Erigavo Ceel Afwayn Xudun Malawle Dararwayne Cadaadley Dhubato Baligubadle Wajaale Sheekh Waraabeye Gacal libaax Badhan Taleex Buhoodle Lasanod

MM 624.8 551 455.5 576 419.5 584.8 223 305 614 551.5 443 207.5 217 378.5 87.5 461 503 657.5 526 658 343 875 333 255 513 244

Source: Ministry of agriculture

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Chart: 1 Major cities of Somaliland monthly rainfall in 2014

2.5.

MM

HUMIDITY

The humidity of the country varies from 63% in the dry season to 82% in the wet season.

3.

ADMINISTRATIVE SUB-DIVISIONS 3.1.

STATE

The administrative structure of the state consists of three branches: the judiciary, legislative (the House of Elders and the House of Representatives), and the executive (the President and his chosen Council of Ministers). The ministers may not be appointed from Members of Parliament.

3.2.

REGIONS AND DISTRICTS

The country is divided into fourteen regions, namely, Awdal, Maroodi-jeeh, Saahil, Togdheer, Sanaag, Sool, Gabilay, Salal, Oodweine, Saraar, Buhoodle, Hawd, Badhan and Xaysimo. These are sub-divided into 86 districts.

3.3.

CAPITAL

The capital of the Republic of Somaliland is Hargeisa. The estimated population of the city is nearly around 500,000 up to 600,000.

3.4.

OTHER PRINCIPAL TOWNS

Other towns are Borama, Berbera, Burao, Erigavo, and Las Anod.

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3.5.

PORTS

The principal port town of Somaliland is Berbera.

4. POPULATION The population of Somaliland was estimated at 3.5 million in 2014. The population consists of nomads (33.8%), urban (52.9%), IDPs (2.4%) and rural dwellers (11%). NB: A recent real scientific based population estimation survey has shown the actual gross rate

4.1

VITAL STATISTICS

The annual population growth rate is 2.7%. Life expectancy at birth is 51.8

4.2

POPULATION DENSITY

The population density in the Republic of Somaliland has been estimated at 25 persons per square km in 2014

4.3

RELIGION

Somaliland is an Islamic State, and Somalilanders are Muslims. The influence of Islam throughout Somaliland is profound, and faith plays a major role in everyday life.

4.4

LANGUAGES

The official language of the country is Somali. Arabic and English are also used widely, though mostly in written form.

4.5

CURRENCY

The official currency of the Republic of Somaliland is the Somaliland Shilling. The shilling is divided into 100 cents. Currency notes come in denominations of 5000, 1000, 500, 100, 50, 20, 10, and 5 shillings.

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5 .Government Employees Table 2.Number of institutional staff, gender and their grades 2014 Name of the institution

Ministry of religion Ministry of sports Ministry of public works and transports Ministry of labour and social affairs Ministry of Mineral and energy Ministry of justice Ministry of telecommunication Ministry of agriculture Ministry of livestock Ministry of environment and rural dev. Ministry of planning Ministry of defence Ministry of Presidency Ministry of fishery Ministry of interior Ministry of re. and reconstruction Ministry of foreign affairs Ministry of commerce and Industries Ministry of education Ministry of civil aviation Ministry of information Ministry of Water Ministry of health Ministry of Finance Nerad Auditing general House oh representative House of elders Human rights commission Tender committee Higher courts Attorney general ICT commission NDRC National demining agency AIDS commission Civil Service commission Civil service institute Food Coordination Agency Quality Control Good governance &Against corruption Diaspora Agency Road authority agency LRC Higher education committee Total

female

Gender male

3 50 33 45 8 103 20 31 48 35 45 9 18 14 83 20 15 35 1203 35 87 12 1010 236 5 12 26 16 6 3 8 21 2 5 4 9 15 15 2 12 5 3 9 2 3 3,381

46 157 178 97 49 158 66 166 242 222 81 24 70 89 305 61 31 111 5145 188 282 73 1545 1002 21 59 60 26 14 8 34 42 8 38 29 24 38 18 4 47 17 11 16 8 21 10,931

Source: Civil service Commission 5

A

B

11 28 63 40 24 43 18 49 55 26 62 7 21 22 71 20 14 25 653 42 53 29 272 272 6 8 10 7 10 3 6 5 6 7 7 9 24 14 2 15 10 3 4 6 19 2,101

Grades C

12 105 56 58 20 95 51 77 173 51 29 11 27 33 146 27 12 57 4915 72 155 44 1010 401 14 42 32 16 2 4 8 26 0 22 15 10 14 1 1 35 3 5 11 2 0 7,900

D

16 40 68 22 9 25 8 33 37 163 13 6 27 30 78 21 9 37 32 60 86 8 801 238 3 14 17 9 3 2 7 10 1 9 7 2 9 4 1 3 4 2 0 1 2 1,977

Total

10 34 24 22 4 98 9 38 25 17 22 9 13 18 93 13 11 27 748 49 75 4 472 327 3 7 27 10 8 2 6 23 3 5 4 12 6 14 2 6 5 4 10 1 3 2,323

49 207 211 142 57 261 86 197 290 257 126 33 88 103 388 81 46 146 6348 223 369 85 2555 1238 26 71 86 42 23 11 27 64 10 43 33 33 53 33 6 59 22 14 25 10 24 14,301

Table 3. Total Number of institutional staff, gender and their grades 2010-2014 Year

Gender Female Male

2012 2013 2014

2,588 2,800 3,381

Grades

8,998 9,989 10,931

A

B

C

D

1,611 1,824 2,101

6,591 7,466 7,900

1,587 1,785 1,977

1,538 1,727 2,323

Total

11,327 12,802 14,301

Source: Civil service Commission

Chart 2. Total Number of institutional staff, gender and their grades 2010-2014

Table4. Number of the staff government within the government Agencies 2014 No

NAME Of INSTITUTION

1

HARGEISA WATER AGENCY

2

STATE PRINTING AGENCY

3

CENTRAL BANK

4

SRDA

Staff Grade A

B

Staff Gender

C

D

MALE

FEMALE

TOTAL

16

51

227

47

290

50

340

-

-

-

-

54

7

61

143

86

22

76

263

64

327

12

5

7

11

26

9

35

Source: HWA/SPA/CB/SRDA

Chart3. Number of the staff government within the government Agency 2014

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Table 5: Number of pensioners of the government and their grades in 2012-2014 Grades

A B C D Total

Number of Pensions 2012

2013

2014

58 107 91 77 333

58 107 91 77 333

72 98 78 75 323

Source: Civil service Commission

Chart 4. Number of pensioners of the government and their grades in 2012-2014

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6. Economy Sector The backbone and the source of wealth of Somaliland’s economy is livestock. About 65% of the population depends either directly or indirectly on livestock and livestock products for their livelihood. Crop husbandry provides subsistence for about 20% of the country’s population. Foreign aid and remittances from the Somaliland Diaspora also play a major role in the economy of the country Table6: Contribution of Somaliland economy by sector in 2012 Description

Contribution

USD million

Growing of crops

7.00%

109.8

Livestock industry

28.40%

443.1

Forestry

4.60%

71.9

Fishing

0.30%

3.9

Mining and quarrying

1.20%

18.7

Manufacture of food and beverages

1.20%

18.9

Other manufacturing

0.50%

8.3

Electricity supply

1.00%

16.2

Water supply; sewage; waste management

0.30%

4.3

Construction

2.20%

33.9

21.90%

341.7

Transportation and storage

1.90%

28.9

Accommodation and food service activities

3.10%

47.5

Information and communication

2.00%

31.2

Financial and activities

0.30%

4.5

Real estate activities

7.60%

117.8

Professional and support services

1.70%

26.2

Public administration and defence

3.00%

46.7

Education

3.30%

50.7

Human health and social work activities

1.70%

25.9

Other service activities

0.50%

8.2

93.60%

1 458.4

6.40%

100

100.00%

1 558.4

Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles

Sum of values added at basic prices Taxes and subsidies on products GDP at purchasers' prices GDP per capita, SLS thousand / USD

444

Source: GDP report

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6.1

GDP COMPILATION IN SOMALILAND

A preliminary estimate of GDP 2012 was finalised in January 2014 and presented to the Somaliland Economic Conference on Growth and Unemployment, Poverty and Inflation and Budget Policy (29 January 2014). That estimate was updated in May 2014, but was still based on preliminary population estimates. The PESS was finalised in September and provides more accurate estimates of the population. A proper estimate of the population is essential for the analysis of Somaliland Household Survey and its use in the GDP-estimates. This is version 3 of the GDP-estimate for 2012. It brings the estimates forward to 2013 and beyond. The same sources and methods can be applied to compile estimates for 2010 and 2011 as well. The intention is to keep the document updated as the methods are being developed and modified. The data sources are scarce and the estimates are to a large extent based on assumptions and inferences from other countries in the region. The assumptions have been made explicit, discussed and validated. The estimates have been organised as follows: 

The GDP estimates have been derived by the production approach (GDP by activity) as well as by the expenditure approach.



Three surveys have been crucial for the estimates of GDP: the Somaliland Business Survey (SBS); the Somaliland Household Survey (SHS); and the Population Estimation Somaliland Survey (PESS).



A basic understanding of GDP is important; therefore, a summary of concepts and definitions regarding GDP is provided in below tables

GDP is basically derived by the production approach with a benchmark estimate for 2012; this will be the base year for the estimates at constant prices. Three items on the expenditure side are based on reasonable data sources: household consumption, government consumption and exports while, on the other hand, gross fixed capital formation is a guesstimate at best and imports are derived as a residual. A simple supply and use table (SUT) has been compiled for 2012. It is meant to make the production and expenditure sides consistent. It is true that a SUT requires a wealth of detailed data that are not yet available in Somaliland.

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Table 7: Results of the Somaliland Business Survey (SBS) as prepared for the GDP-estimates in 2013 Description Growing of crops Livestock industry Forestry Fishing Mining and quarrying Manufacture of food excl. meat processing Manufacturing excl. food and beverages Electricity supply Construction Wholesale & retail trade; repair of vehicles Transportation and storage Accommodation and food service activities Information and communication Financial and insurance activities Real estate activities Professional and support services Other service activities Total

Output

Value added 5.1 13.1 2.4 10.24 107.5 34.98

Comp of employ 2.2 4.6 0.9 2.6 2.05 9.83

Employment

8.7 23.8 4.7 15.8 119.4 78.9

Intermediate consumption 3.6 10.8 2.3 5.57 11.91 43.87

156.8 7.8 683.4 1 044.0

122.87 6.5 360.5 448.9

33.95 1.3 322.8 595.1

62.41 1.1 66.57 140.18

4 697 0 18 877 14 167

6 215.9

5.1 109.2

0.9 106.7

0.9 45.5

92 4 283

312.3 54.3 28.2 17.1 4.9 2 782.1

110.7 37.2 24 8.8 1.1 1 313.0

201.6 17.2 4.2 8.3 3.8 1 469.1

59.9 3.7 8.2 3.8 0.9 415.4

6 509 336 497 321 505 52 795

Source: Ministry of planning

10

201 448 175 565 471 652

Table 8: GDP by Activity 2012 Description

Value added 710

Contribution

887.5

Intermediate consumption 177.5

7.00%

USD million 109.8

4 026.4

1 162.0

2 864.4

28.40%

443.1

Forestry

568.9

104.2

464.6

4.60%

71.9

Fishing

29.9

4.5

25.4

0.30%

3.9

Mining and quarrying

134.4

13.4

121

1.20%

18.7

Manufacture of food and beverages

438.8

316.5

122.2

1.20%

18.9

221

167.3

53.7

0.50%

8.3

624.2

519.5

104.7

1.00%

16.2

63.2

35.7

27.5

0.30%

4.3

729.6

510.7

218.9

2.20%

33.9

3 875.3

1 666.4

2 208.9

21.90%

341.7

Transportation and storage

434.4

247.7

186.7

1.90%

28.9

Accommodation and food service activities

655.1

347.8

307.3

3.10%

47.5

Information and communication

312.3

110.7

201.6

2.00%

31.2

69.8

40.5

29.3

0.30%

4.5

809.4

48

761.4

7.60%

117.8

Professional and support services

220

50.5

169.5

1.70%

26.2

Public administration and defence

439.9

138.2

301.7

3.00%

46.7

Education

483.6

155.8

327.8

3.30%

50.7

Human health and social work activities

253.7

86.6

167.1

1.70%

25.9

65.3

12

53.3

0.50%

8.2

15 342.5

5 915.5

9 427.1

93.60%

1 458.4

646.5

6.40%

100

10 073.6

100.00%

1 558.4

Growing of crops Livestock industry

Other manufacturing Electricity supply Water supply; sewage; waste management Construction Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles

Financial and activities Real estate activities

Other service activities Sum of values added at basic prices

Output

Taxes and subsidies on products GDP at purchasers' prices GDP per capita, SLS thousand / USD

2 871

Source: Ministry of planning

11

444

6.2

BANKING

One of the provisions of the National Constitution of the Republic Of Somaliland is the establishment of a bank to carry out Central Bank functions. The Bank of Somaliland was inaugurated in 1994 with appropriate bank laws to ensure that banking regulations are fully in place. The Bank of Somaliland also operates as a commercial bank and has eight branches throughout the country.

6.3.

LIVESTOCK

The contribution of livestock to the national economy is estimated at close to 28%. Thus, a large share of Somaliland’s people relies mainly on the products and by-products of their livelihood. Table 9. Estimated Population of livestock: Year

Goat

2010—2014

Sheep

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

8,266 8,464 8,667 8,875 9,088

(Thousand)

Camel

Cattle

8,602 8,748 8,897 9,048 9,202

Total

1,664 1,682 1,701 1,720 1,739

399 404 409 414 419

18,931 19,298 19,674 20,057 20,448

Sources: Ministry of National Planning & Development (Department of Statistics & Research)

*Note: The estimates are based on 1975 Somalia census of livestock population and the annual growth rate, goat: 2.4% sheep: 1.7% camel: 1.1% and cattle: 1.2%. Chart 5:

Estimated Population of livestock:

2010—2014

Table 10. Number of Farms by region in 2013-2014 Region

No. Dairy farms 2013

Maroodijeex

No. Fatering ground & livestock 2013 holding 2014

No. Poultry farms

2014

2013

2014

11

21

20

16

1

1

Sanaag

-

-

-

-

-

-

Togdheer

6

17

14

11

2

2

Awdal

4

8

5

3

1

1

Sahil

2

-

4

-

-

-

Sool

-

-

-

-

-

-

Source: Ministry of Livestock 12

Chart 6. Number of Farms distributed by region in 2013

Table11. Number of Livestock Vaccinated in 2013-2014

Region Awdal M/Jeeh Saahil Togdheer Sool Sanaag Total

PPR 2013 400,000 300,000 300,000 400,000 300,000 300,000 2,000,000

2014 288,271 377,495 283,960 392,010 286,250 286,259 1,914,245

Vaccination Sh/G Pox 2013 2014 400,000 288,271 300,000 377,495 300,000 283,960 400,000 392,010 300,000 286,250 300,000 286,259 2,000,000 1,914,245

Source: Ministry of Livestock

Chart 7: Number of Livestock Vaccinated in 2013-2014

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Total 2013 800,000 600,000 600,000 800,000 600,000 600,000 4,000,000

2014 576,542 754,990 567,920 784,020 572,500 572,518 3,828,490

Table12: No. of Slaughtering houses &L. slaughtered (Reg. Slaughtering Houses) by region 2012- 2014. Region

No. Slaughtering house 2012

2013

2014

No. Livestock slaughtered

Maroodijeex

2

1

1

2012 86,899

2013 330,985

2014 221,479

Togdheer

1

1

1

88,769

150,350

178,861

Awdal Sanaag Saxil Sool

1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1

1 -

75,333 57,664 N/A N/A

32,272 28,418 42,812 584,837

53,972 N/A N/A N/A

Source: Ministry of Livestock

6.4

AGRICULTURE

Somaliland has a total area of about 137,600sqkms. Land under cultivation is currently estimated at 3% of the total geographical area. Another 7% has potential for agricultural development. The rainfall, soil (fertility and depth), and topography are the main determinants of these estimates.

6.4.1.

RAIN-FED FARMING AND IRRIGATION

Rain-fed farming is the main agricultural production system. The main crops grown are cereals. Sorghum is the principal crop, utilizing approximately 70% of the rain-fed agricultural land. Another 25% of the land is used for maize. Other crops such as cowpeas, millet, groundnuts, beans, and barley are also grown in scattered marginal lands. Irrigation farms are mainly situated along the banks of streams (togs) and other water sources close to the riverbanks. Channelling from the source to the farm is mainly done by diversion of perennial water (springs) to the farm through rudimentary earth canals or floods. The cultivable area of these farms is subject to floods and is, therefore, in danger of being washed away. Most of the irrigated farms have in them areas set aside for the cultivation of vegetables and fruits for commercial purposes.

6.4.2.

MARKETING OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE

Farmers sell their products at the local market. Where possible, farm produce is transported to the markets in the urban centres by way of light transport trucks or donkey carts. Small retailers who are supplied directly by the producers or wholesalers sell the produce. There are also middlemen who operate between wholesalers and retailers.

6.4.3.

CEREAL HARVEST IN 2010-2014

Harvest in Somaliland normally occurs three times a year. The 2014 Gu/Karan result was only two harvests (sorghum in Gu and maize in Karan). The total cereal harvest area of Somaliland has been estimated at ha 48200 with a total cereal production of 54,207 of tons (80.7% sorghum and 19.3% maize) according to the Ministry of Agriculture.

14

Table 13: Estimated area harvested, production and yield of major crops during 2010—2014

2010

2011

Years 2012

10,120 15,195

9,832 5,454

10,129 8,180

17,350 12,245

13,550 10,447

12,196 10,304

Yield(Tones/Ha) 2.Sorghum Area(Ha) Production(Tons)

1.5

0.6

0.8

0.71

5.20

2

36,869 56,745

33,958 60,997

37,172 63,483

58,500 54,160

48200 43760

42,940 55,829

Yield (Tonnes/Ha) Total Area(Ha) Production(tons)

1.5

1.8

1.7

0.93

6.90

3

46,989 71,940

43,790 66,451

47,301 71,662

75,850 66,405

61,750 54,207

55,136 66,133

Yield (Tons/Ha)

1.5

1.5

1.5

0.88

12.10

3

Selected Indicators 1. Maize Area(ha) Production(tons)

2013

2014

Average

Source: Ministry of Agriculture.

Chart8A: Estimated yield of major crops during 2010-2014

Chart 8B: Estimated area, production (Maize & Sorghum) during 2010—2014

15

6.5

FISHERIES

The warm water of the Gulf of Aden borders the country of Somaliland along a coastline spanning 850kms on its southern fringes. This coastline extends from Lowya-Addo in the west to Elayo in the east and is characterized by sandy beaches broken at intervals by rocky cliffs that often penetrate into the shallow waters. The continental shelf is relatively narrow, rarely exceeding 15kms, except in the west near the Djibouti border, where it averages 100kms. Artisan fishermen harvest various tropical fish. They include tuna, snappers, groupers, grunts, trevally, emperors, barracudas, goatfish, parrotfish Spanish mackerels, sea breams, horse mackerels, and mulleys. Other marine organisms caught occasionally by local fishermen include sea cucumbers, shrimp, lobsters, and edible crabs. Production of fish in Somaliland is still very low (it’s less than 10% of the pre-war level and constitutes less than 2% of the Gross National Product [GNP]). According to various reports published by international organisations, fisheries in Somaliland remain untapped. FAO estimates this abundance of fish in the national waters at 200,000 tons and maintains that a maximum sustainable yield of 40,000 tons could be harvested without endangering the stocks. At the present time, estimated fish production is quite low compared to the potential. The shark fishing industry is the mainstay of the artisan fishing community in Somaliland, and more than 90% of the fishing fleet hunts for sharks for their valuable fins. In addition to these, a sizeable yield of sea cucumbers reaching several tons per year is harvested in the waters of Zeila and nearby islands. Furthermore, edible crabs and shrimp are caught in the Zeila and Togoshi areas. Local fishermen market around 30-50Kgs of live, edible crabs daily to Djibouti on foot.

6.5.1. ARTISANAL FISHING Artisanal fishermen conduct most fishing activity in Somaliland. There are around 15 fishing communities composed of active fishermen and their dependents. Berbera serves as a focal point for the fishing industry in Somaliland. Fish caught at Berbera range from 1000 to 2000kgs and are transported immediately to Hargeisa or to Burao for local consumption. The current fishing fleet consists of 425 motor boats and 109 canoes; four hundred twenty eight of these vessels are operational.

6.5.2. INDUSTRIAL FISHING Presently, no industrial fishing is undertaken by foreign vessels. Somaliland does not have deep sea Fishing vessels.

6.5.3. FISH CANNERY The country has one fish cannery at Las-Qorey in Sanaag region; it was built in 2002 by a group of local businessmen who installed a new canning machine. Production started in 2002 at a capacity of 1-2.5 tonnes per a day. But unfortunately, it was closed down March 2010.

16

6.5.4. MARKETING Catches of fresh fish such as groupers, snappers, emperors, tuna, mackerels, and trevally are sold locally in internal markets such as Berbera, Hargeisa, Burao, Borama, and Erigavo at a price of US $6 per Kilogramme (Sources of Somaliland CPI data). Local fishermen do not have access to an open external market for Exportation of their goods. Trucks transporting fish from the coast to the towns are in short Supply and the roads are narrow and inaccessible in most of the eastern and north-western parts of the coast. The most important item exported by fishermen is dried, salted shark fins. This marine product is exported to South-East Asian countries and usually serves as a good source of income for Fishermen (around US $ 1-1.5 million a year). Table 14: Monthly Price Fish in Hargeisa 2010-2014 Month January February March April May June July August September October November December

2010

2011 14,125 14,000 17,218 16,500 14,750 14,500 16,500 15,000 16,500 16,000 17,375 17,750

Price/kg (SL.Sh) 2012

17,563 17,719 17,688 17,313 18,469 18,094 15,975 18,000 18,000 18,000 18,313 18,000

2013 18,000 18,313 19,000 19,729 19,800 19,800 20,000 20,500 20,500 21,000 21,000 21,000

2014 19,708 19,941 23,656 23,234 22,628 22,594 22,781 22,141 21,933 22,762 24,000 24,156

Source: Ministry of Planning & Development (Dep. of Statistics).

Chart9: Monthly Price of Fish in Hargeisa 2010-2014

17

(SL.Sh)

22,500 26,250 21,875 27,657 26,250 26,250 28,000 30,000 35,688 32,938 32,688 32,500

6.6. CENTRAL GOVERNMENT BUDGET Table 15: Central government Estimated Budget 2014 Security Sector Immigration Office Coastal Guards Presidential Guards Ministry of Interior Ministry of Defence Custodial Corps National Police Army National Army National intelligent commission Grand Sum Good Gov. and Rule of Law WFP Law Reform Commission ICT Commission Chief of State Counseling Office Somaliland Diaspora Agency Vice-President's Office Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs President's Office Ministry of Justice & Judiciary Supreme Court Attorney General National Parties Reg. Committee Magistrate of Account Quality Control Commission National Election Commission Local Court Min. of Foreign Affairs & Intern’l Corp.

Estimated Budget 3,605,786,046 7,683,073,253 17,369,748,874 31,957,163,164 2,292,132,770 35,468,298,540 80,475,407,320 186,706,220,214 8,618,624,100 374,176,454,281 Estimated Budget 759,773,600 853,137,920 491,331,680 597,677,840 453,032,320 585,000,000 1,490,835,104 819,000,000 3,034,337,760 2,265,184,120 3,346,575,440 2,242,125,000 4,332,839,784 1,642,392,000 2,106,014,684 10,486,434,440 15,477,637,688

Productive Sector Ministry of Agriculture Ministry of Commerce Ministry of Livestock Grand Sum Infrastructure & Natural Resource Sector Ministry of Mineral Resources Ministry of Public Works Ministry of fishing & Marine Resource Ministry of Civil Aviation Ministry of Post & Telecommunication Somaliland Road Agency Grand Sum Economic Sector National Tender Board Ministry of Industry & Energy Ministry of Planning & Dev Ministry of Finance Grand Sum General treasury Fund(All the Sectors) General Treasury Grand Sum Social Sector Fact finding Massacre Commission National Demining Agency Comm.Aides. Ministry of Water Ministry of Youth & sports Ministry of Endowment & Religious Affair

House of Representatives House of Elders Ministry of Presidency Political Parties Good Governance Anti-Corruption War Vaterns Grand Sum Media Sector Ministry of Information Somaliland National T.V Grand Sum Environment Sector Ministry of Rural Development & Environment NERAD Grand Sum

17,877,222,240 17,234,053,120 41,666,157,890 1,728,000,000 1,900,668,800 1,190,000,000 132,579,431,430 Estimated Budget 10,717,931,250 15,668,744,272 26,386,675,522 Budget Estimate 5,214,515,860

Civil Service Commission Ministry of Health Ministry of Education Director General of Labour Higher Education National Humanitarian Committee Ministry of Labour & Social Affairs Directorate of High Education Ministry of Culture & Tourism Ministry of Rehabilitation National Women Organization NDC Agency Grand Sum

1,144,049,672 6,358,565,532

Source: Ministry of Finance 18

Estimated Budget 3,950,376,813 4,853,802,581 7,303,620,101 16,107,799,495 Estimated Budget 2,554,152,456 4,146,659,224 3,054,953,062 9,283,104,401 5,135,292,520 32,500,000,000 56,674,161,663 Estimated Budget 1,228,439,711 3,240,570,080 3,352,374,240 89,486,489,373 97,307,873,404

1,256,755,520 1,057,337,970 1,900,776,562 3,112,288,936 5,864,483,090 4,081,668,960 8,332,127,845 39,425,317,838 70,566,294,424 927,472,480 1,976,465,920 3,318,687,778 3,019,436,960 0 2,145,838,474 600,000,000 30,824,085,916 178,409,038,673

Table 16: Central government Estimated Budget (Sectors) 2014 Sectors

Budget 2014

Security Sector

374,176,454,281

Productive Sector

16,107,799,495

Media Sector Infrastructure & Natural resource Sector Good Governance and Rule of Law Economic sector Environment Sector

26,386,675,522 56,674,161,663 132,579,431,430 97,307,873,404 6,358,565,532

Social Sector

178,409,038,673

Total

888,000,000,000

Source: Ministry of Finance.

Chart 10: Central government Estimated Budget by Sectors 2014

Table 17: Central gover’t Actual revenue and expenditure at current price: 2010 – 2014 Year 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

(Sl.sh.)

Revenue Expenditure Surplus/(Deficit) 330,909,580,627 262,079,735,632 68,829,844,995 481,323,687,473 494,493,147,825 -13,169,460,352 649,740,967,407 618,779,267,104 30,464,404,054 801,142,492,917 740,772,622,951 60,369,869,966 968,799,504,671 900,126,181,367 68,673,323,304

Source: Ministry of Finance.

19

Chart11: Central government revenue and expenditure at current price: 2010-2014

(Sl.sh.)

Table 18:

(Sl.sh.)

Trends in expenditure: 2010-2014

Head/Expenditure 2010 A. Open Balance 3,497,477,212 B. Budget 262,079,735,63 Expenditure 5 C. Out of Budget 2 62,638,247,391 D. Total Expenditure 324,717,983,02 expenditure 328,215,450,23 (B+C) Total ( A+D) 3 5 Source: Ministry of Finance. 5 5

2011 Nil 494,493,147,82 04 12,170,464,330 494,493,147,82 1 494,493,147,82 15 15

2012 Nil 618,779,267,1 85,929,683,61 704,708,950,7 704,708,950,7

2013 Nil 740,772,622,951 Nil 740,772,622,951 740,772,622,951

Table 19: Trends in Revenue during 2010-2014 Indicators Import DutiesDirect taxes on income/Profits Indirect tax Total

2010 278,823,490,000 38,977,821,842 13,108,267,785 330,909,579,627

2014 Nil 900,126,181,267 Nil 900,126,181,267 900,126,181,267

(Sl.sh.)

2011 407,014,668,334 13,840,197,999 60,468,821,140 481,323,687,473

2012 238,411,970,931 33,979,991,447 377,349,005,029 649,740,967,407

2013 595,872,909,682 44,284,084,918 160,985,498,317 801,142,492,917

2014 678,159,660,269.7 96,879,951,467.1 193,759,902,934.2 968,799,514,671

Sources: Ministry of Finance.

6.7. LOCALGOVERNMENT REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE (Grade A Districts) Table 20: Years 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Local government revenue and expenditure Hargeisa: 2010 – 2014 Revenue

Expenditure 18,425,168,000 18,412,568,908 24,227,948,926 30,801,334,012 27,311,346,587

19,844,945,000 20,594,945,000 24,957,982,539 36,788,295,740 23,174,394,464

Source: Local Government of Hargeisa

20

(Sl.sh.)

Surplus/ Deficit -1,419,777,000 -2,182,286,092 -730,033,613 1,457,338,272 4,136,952,123

Chart 12: Local government revenue and expenditure Hargeisa: 2010– 2014

Table 21: Year 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

(Sl.sh.)

Local Gover’t Revenue and Expenditure Gabiley: 2009-2013 Revenue 5,404,184,752 7,115,492,000 10,171,493,898 11,697,217,982 18,796,691,500

(Sl.sh.)

Expenditure Surplus 3,715,000,000 1,689,184,752 5,333,992,000 1,781,500,000 18,917,535,417 -8,746,041,519 11,689,217,982 8,000,000 18,757,548,728 + 39,142,771

Source: Local government of Gabiley

Chart 13: Local Government Revenue and Expenditure Gabiley: 2010—2014

(Sl.Sh)

Table 22: Local government revenue and expenditure Boroma: 2010– 2014 (Sl.Sh) Year 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Revenue 2,557,503,744 3,297,000,000 2,728,963,269 3,138,307,680 8,270,160506

Expenditure Surplus/ Deficit 2,377,503,744 180,000,000 3,287,360,000 9,640,000 2,480,891,732 248,071,537 2,853,025,491 285,282,189 8,267,866793 2,293,713

Source: Local Government of Borama

21

Chart 14: Local Government Revenue and Expenditure Borama 2010-2014 (Sl.Sh)

Table 23: Years 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Local government revenue and expenditure Burao: 2010– 2014 Revenue

Expenditure

5,248,878,338 7,464,200,000 8,425,721,807 8,632,246,240.7 18,614,351,222.08

(Sl.Sh)

Surplus/Deficit

6,230,200,000 6,806,200,000 8,026,123,392 8,536,451,920 17,633,667,900.40

-981,321,662 658,000,000 399,598,415 95,794,320.7 980,683,321.68

Source: Local Government Burao

Chart 15: Local government revenue and Expenditure Burao: 2010 – 2014

Table 24: Local government revenue and expenditure Berbera: 2010 – 2014 Year 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Revenue 18,405,400,000 20,049,458,022 2,728,963,269 12,192,600,500 37,034,876,310

(Sl.Sh)

(Sl.Sh)

Expenditure Surplus/Deficit 17,049,458,022 1,355,941,978 17,049,458,022 3,000,000,000 2,480,891,732 248,071,537 11,095,600,500 1,097,000,000 37,644,813,341 -609,937,031

Source: Local Government Berbera & Ministry of Interior 22

Chart 16: Local government revenue and expenditure Berbera: 2010– 2014

(Sl.Sh)

Table 25: Local government revenue and expenditure Lasanod: 2010 – 2011 Year 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Revenue 1,776,800,000 2,169,000,000 N/A 2,396,725,400 1,270,482,438

Expenditure 1,756,800,000 2,188,000,000 N/A 2,311,715,000 1 ,232,095,143

(Sl.Sh)

Surplus/Deficit 200,000,000 19,000,000 N/A 85,010,400 38,387,925

Sources: Ministry of Interior

Chart 17:

Local government revenue and expenditure Lasanod: 2010 – 2014

23

(Sl.Sh)

Table 26: Local government revenue and expenditure Erigavo: 2010 – 2014 Years 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Revenue

Expenditure

1,657,000,000 1,785,000,000 2,574,509,348 1,089,461,954.93 2,230,012,295

(Sl.Sh)

Surplus/Deficit

1,575,000,000 1,685,000,000 1112938691 1,021,968,820.5 2,188,621,260

82,000,000 100,000,000 1,461,570,657 67,493,134.43 41,391,035

Sources: Ministry of Interior

Chart 18:

Local government revenue and expenditure Erigavo: 2010 – 2014

Table 27: Total Local government revenue and expenditure 2010-2014 Year 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Revenue 53,474,934,834 60,292,718,930 50,857,600,517 69,947,893,770 113,527,920,858

Expenditure 52,548,906,766 56,944,955,022 57,976,363,503 74,296,275,454 108,899,007,629

(Sl.Sh)

(Sl.Sh) Surplus/deficit 926,028,068 3,347,763,908 -7,118,762,986 -4,348,381,684 4,628,913,229

Source: Ministry of Interior

Chart 19: Total Local Government Expenditure and Revenue 2009-2013

24

(Sl.Sh)

6.8. IMPORT Table 28:

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Yearly Import of Food Items through Berbera port: 2010-2014 (Tonnes) Sugar Rice W/Flour Wheat O/Beans C/Oil Pasta Dates Biscuit 133,500 60,270 71,650 56,052 53,409 17,949 28,589 3,749 6,064 94,956 86,827 71,511 20,500 4,506 17,656 34,998 6,570 6,887 118,440 83,846 75,925 64,767 5,674 19,888 34,401 4,855 10,185 115,929 79,822 82,519 11,656 1,997 13,125 28,717 6,851 9,370 181,227 94,296 111,579 4,985 8,534 28,101 45,054 7,552 6,641

Sources: Berbera Authority

Chart 20:

Yearly Import of Food Items through Berbera port: 2010-2014

Table 29: Yearly Import of Non Food Items through Berbera port: 2010- 2014

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Petrol 6,454 7,168 10,741 16,162 20,237

Diesel 52,401 56,392 56,022 69,408 99,077

E/Oil 1,351 967 1,042 1,299 891

Clothes 20,514 10,183 9,484 10,684 13,303

C/Truck 13,179 10,774 11,365 15,077 18,291

S/part 3,478 2,294 3,315 5,232 6,887

Cigart 6,872 7,124 9,011 7,528 5,482

Soap 9,992 9,581 9,148 10,925 9,783

Sources: Berbera Authority

Chart 21: Yearly Import of Non Food Items through Berbera port: 2010- 2014

25

(Tonnes & M3) O/building

203,162 45,313 56,015 49,751 55,487

Other 128,988 147,199 197,715 191,828 250,304

Total 446,391 296,995 363,858 378,071 479,742

Table30: Yearly Import of Food Items through Wajale customs 2013 Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total

Fresh Vegetables kg

Banana kg

2013

2014

2013

2,095.84 1,864,700 2,531,500 0 2,727,060 2,574,500 2,295,000 2,067,260 2,380,000 2,660,288 2,457,000 2,347,000

2,210,000 2,092,500 2,131,000 2,597,750 3,022,000 3,181,500 3,154,600 2,985,000 2,760,000 3,063,000 2,526,000 2,159,500

18,000 6,000 12,000 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

23,906,404 31,882,850 36,100

Ground nuts

2014 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

2013

2014

0 8,900 0 0 0 0 750 2,213 0 2,250 10,500 2500

12,500 22,400 12,500 22,700 0 0 200 2,270 7,000 1,530 15,965 0

(Kg/sacks/Bgs/)

Buushi sacks

Beans BGS

2013

2014

2013

0 0 0 0 0 670 530 0 400 50 100 537

0 0 0 1,460 400 0 50 100 0 0 0 0

240 474 150 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,086 1,082

0 27,113 97,065 2,287 2,010 3,032

Source: Wajale customs

Chart22A: Yearly Import of Food Items through Wajale customs in 2013

Chart22B: Yearly Import of Food Items through Wajale customs in 2013-2014

26

Daafi sacks

2014 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

2013

2014

280 0 1,310 0 0 0 380 215 0 739 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 2,924

0

Table31: Yearly Import of Non Food Items through Wajale customs in 2013-2014 (Kg/sacks/Bgs/) Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total

Kat kg 2013 2014 2,087,282 21,673 1,969,095 17,764 2,199,924 21,362 2,569,249 21,046 2,665,049 18,963 2,669,638 17,930 2,335,774 13,958 2,984,295 19,009 3,130,325 21,314 3,143,099 22,948 2,844,226 20,581 2,664,001 21,258 31,261,957 237,806

Kerosene 2013M32014 67 32 57 57 94 81 0 76 106.5 55 64 60 0 69 96.5 46 39 55 60 101 126 94 95 64 805 790

Gas Oil M3 2013 2014 28 0 117 0 244.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 24 0 0 0 12 0 426 0

Source: Wajale customs

Chart 23A:

Import Kat through Wajale customs 2013

Chart 23B:

Import Kat through Wajale customs 2014

27

Cements sacks 2013 2014 150 54,700 0 73,920 0 91,680 0 64,800 12,320 80,720 1620 92,900 17600 73,000 36900 76,500 0 59,000 1350 89,740 46,435 87,160 2523 55,120 118,898 899,240

Wooden Post 2013Pcs 2014 2,400 2,800 950 140 650 900 0 2,000 820 4,700 240 0 0 0 2200 2,280 4150 3,900 2150 2,000 0 2,000 2800 2,000 16,360 22,720

Shoes Doz 2013 2014 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 60 0 85 0 345 267 15 75 421 88 210 136 0 0 136 0 1,272 566

Chart 23C:

Yearly Import of Non Food Items through Wajale customs 2013-2014

(M3)

Table 32: Total Import of Fuel: 2010-2014 Year 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Sources: Ministry of Finance

Mogas m3

Jet A 1 M3 58,855 91,698 22,989.7 131,280 112,209

Kerosene M3 14,700.89 6,579.91 6,945.412 37597.154 7,468

1,019.70 875 843.750 1848 89,365

(Mogas= Petrol & Diesel Combined)

(M3)

Chart 24: Total Import of Fuel: 2010-2014

28

Table 33: Some of the Indicators Imported on Yearly Comparison 2010-2014 Year 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Sugar 133,500 87,105 118,440 115,929 181,227

Rice 60,270 73,158 83,846 79,822 94,296

W/ Flour 71,650 66,753 75,925 82,519 111,579

Bdg/Mats 203,160 45,313 56,015 213,625 250,304

(Tonnes & M3) Fuel 58,855 91,698 30,777 86,869 85,570

Source: Berbera Port Authority

Table 34: Year 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Import Containers through Berbera Port 2010—2014 Size 20 6,176 8,150 10,261 11,170 15,482

Size 40 2,663 3,160 3,846 3,850 5,389

TEU 11,502 14,470 17,980 18,870 26,260

(Size & Weight) Weight (Kg) 192,590,848 251,208,818 329,821,714 335,148,754 475,912,033

Source: Berbera Port Authority

Chart 25: Import Containers through Berbera Port 2010—2014

29

(Size & Weight)

6.9. EXPORT 6.9.1. LIVESTOCK EXPORT The livestock sector makes a significant contribution to the national economy, and a majority of Somalilanders rely on this sector and related activities. Camels, cattle, and sheep/goats are the primary species in the pastoral and agro-pastoral livelihood areas. Most of the country’s hard currency is generated through the export of livestock. A total of 3,089,592 livestock head were exported from January to December 2014 of these 98% were sheep/ goats.

Table 35: Export of goats and sheep through Berbera Port 2010--2014 Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total

2010

2011 189,662 51,994 37,923 66,696 7,712 92,936 174,909 160,313 255,456 515,137 938,228 51,988 2,542,954

2012 70,967 86,684 127,304 106,845 57,831 167,777 317,763 193,731 177,081 1,219,775 371,994 206,932 3,104,684

(HDS)

2013 111,646 241,356 107,948 95,092 71,676 183,357 203,054 163,101 271,680 1,564,484 42,625 163,565 3,219,584

2014 209,004 127,204 95,488 68,658 123,226 186,357 252,222 201,373 922,458 589,384 19,072 94,509 2,888,955

194,804 118,510 139,114 129,984 64,191 264,330 226,690 262,961 1,278,585 91,034 183,379 136,010 3,089,592

Source: Berbera Port Authority

Chart 26: Yearly Export of goats and sheep through Berbera Port 2010-2014

30

(HDS)

Table 36: Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total

Export of Cattle through Berbera Port: 2010-2014 2010

2011 11,990 8,623 4,320 7,487 49,568 8,576 9,535 10,264 13,387 24,842 17,067 9,218 165,659

2012 13,532 11,337 7,449 6,568 8,653 4,643 14,164 13,920 13,532 27,972 13,008 16,156 150,934

(HDS) 2013

18,917 19,592 14,696 10,413 9,766 11,539 13,970 13,904 16,158 27,486 17,249 16,664 190,354

2014 16,594 14,239 15,486 8,940 11,156 13,643 15,817 16,636 26,101 27,071 16,501 19,692 201,876

21,457 16,732 20,836 15,710 14,577 19,071 24,111 24,144 43,521 13,479 15,981 22,778 252,397

Source: Berbera Port Authority

Chart 27: Yearly Export of Cattle through Berbera Port 2009----2013

Table 37: Month

(HDS)

Export of Camel through Berbera Port 2010--2014 2010

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total

2011

10,187 10,049 4,323 9,194 3,340 1,912 6,157 8,657 6,281 12,600 11,397 8,554 92,651

2012

10,503 11,626 9,374 6,245 5,829 8,779 14,042 8,801 12,381 6,889 2,901 9,911 107,281

2013

10,740 10,934 8,506 10,598 6,160 14,872 15,776 5,226 6,174 2,166 4,512 7,000 102,664

Source: Berbera Port Authority 31

(HDS) 2014

9,424 8,307 7,169 6,241 9,481 12,906 4,133 2,984 4,925 529 2,140 7,489 75,728

12,058 11,491 18,766 10,644 2,660 1,082 1,946 438 482 134 950 3,927 64,578

Chart 28: Yearly Export of Camel through Berbera Port 2010--2014

Table 38: Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total

Total Export of livestock through Berbera Port: 2010---2014

(HDS)

(HDS)

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Total 211,839 95,002 141,303 235,022 228,319 911,485 70,666 109,647 271,882 149,750 146,733 748,678 46,566 144,127 131,150 118,143 178,716 618,702 83,377 119,658 116,103 83,839 156,338 559,315 60,620 72,313 87,602 143,863 81,428 445,826 103,424 181,199 209,768 212,906 284,483 991,780 190,601 345,969 232,800 272,172 252,747 1,294,289 179,234 216,452 182,231 220,993 287,543 1,086,453 275,124 202,994 294,012 953,484 1,322,588 3,048,202 552,579 1,254,636 1,594,136 616,984 104,647 4,122,982 966,692 387,903 64,386 37,713 200,310 1,657,004 69,760 232,999 187,229 121,690 162,715 774,393 2,810,482 3,362,899 3,512,602 3,166,559 3,406,567 16,259,109

Source: Berbera Port Authority

Chart 29: Yearly Export of livestock through Berbera Port: 2010--2014

32

(HDS)

6.9.2. HIDE AND SKIN EXPORT Table39: Export of hide and skin pieces through Berbera Port: 2010—2014

(Piece)

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total

2014

2010

2011 505,347 257,850 432,847 306,555 492,864 151,222 196,950 575,235 124,664 563,738 1,005,800 2,290,974 6,904,046

2012

862,255 2,368,945 3,127,508 791,100 1,918,757 1,143,535 1,796,932 225,400 604,100 242,976 244,154 316,685 13,642,346

2013 314,490 223,891 249,612 391,854 329,033 115,776 181,954 352,180 1,070,058 199,336 269,843 278,004 3,976,031

227,049 340,500 66,588 131,415 82,350 211,737 56,800 144,715 270,257 245,647 257,195 145,990 2,180,243

108,456 106,513 256,083 417,436 254,778 328,900 426,500 178,700 218,736 283,251 384,300 231,085 3,194,738

Source: Berbera Port Authority

Chart 30: Yearly Export of hide and skin pieces through Berbera Port: 2010—2014

33

(Piece)

6.9.3. FRANKINCENSE EXPORT Table40: Export of Frankincense through Berbera Port 2010--2014 Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total

2010

2011 300 6,500 34,100 168,650 23,800 6,300 0 3,116,700 0 24,570 199,810 303,287 3,884,017

2012 271,020 53,650 16,240 245,502 118,520 274,240 136,693 55,200 0 0 9,600 107,750 1,288,515

(Kg) 2013

97,825 42,320 0 24,200 35,659 0 0 0 163,667 16,000 43,000 67,672 490,343

2014 49,000 70,150 7,880 25,000 20,000 39,450 150,000 25,300 27,231 12,919 71,100 18,970 517,000

55,665 21,600 62,818 86,680 20,704 10,400 81,500 345,000 136,350 53,185 23,320 158,440 1,055,662

Source: Berbera Port Authority

Chart 31: Yearly Export of Frankincense through berbera Port:

Table 41:

2010-2014

Berbera Port Traffic: 2010-2014

Year 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

(Kg)

(NO)

Dhows

Ships 285 307 345 334 349

Total 378 363 401 356 421

Source: Berbera Port Authority

34

663 670 746 690 770

Chart 32: Berbera Port Traffic: 2010-2014

(No)

6.10. TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION Table 42: passenger and cargo movement at Hargeisa and Berbera Airports 2010-2014 (No & Kg) Year

Commercial Passenger Airport

Non-Commercial Passenger

Commercial Cargo

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Passenger In Passenger Out Passenger In Passenger Out Cargo In (Kg) Cargo Out(Kg) 95,063 86,596 0 0 408,949 Kg 37,280 Kg 81,578 78,770 0 0 481,688 Kg 2,562 Kg 80,440 72,090 12,795 13,686 851,554 Kg 29,965 Kg 83,112 80,860 480 390 438,479 Kg 10,100 Kg 91,239 85,864 0 0 309516.76 kg 0

Source: Ministry of Civil Aviation and Air Transport.

Chart 33A: passenger movement at Hargeisa and Berbera Airports 2010-2014 and cargo

35

Chart 33B: cargo movement at Hargeisa and Berbera Airports 2010-2014

Table 43: Airports with Paved and unpaved runways 2014

Airports with paved Runways

Airports with unpaved Runways

Airport Hargeisa Berbera

Airport Burao Borama Erigavo L/caanood Kalabeydh

Length (M) 2,440 4,140

Length (m) 1,100 1,100 1,200 1,100 1,100

Source: Ministry of Civil Aviation and Air Transport.

Table 44: Aircrafts Movements through Somaliland Airports 2013-2014 Aircrafts Movement

Hargeisa Airport 2013 2014 1,130 2,416 29,063 87,025 28,690 80,646 2,450Kg 224,876.76 0 0

No. of Flights No. of Passengers No. of Passengers disembarked (In) No. of Arrived embarked (out)Cargo No. (Kg) of Departure Cargo Source: ( Kg) Ministry of Civil Aviation and Air Transport.

36

Berbera Airport 2013 2014 2,037 278 54,529 4,214 52,560 5,218 436,029Kg 84,640 10,100 Kg 0

7. SOCIAL SECTOR 7.1 EDUCATION The current educational system consists of a primary level with eight grades, followed by a secondary level with four grades. Overall, the number of students enrolled in primary schools, secondary schools and universities in Somaliland continues to grow rapidly. Table 45 : Growth of Public and Private Education during 2000/2001-20013/2014 Year 2000/01 2001/02 2002/03 2003/04 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14

Pri. Schools Sec. Schools Family life Vocational Universities 294 15 13 4 2 307 16 17 4 2 353 20 24 4 2 385 29 33 4 2 412 35 33 2 3 516 43 N/B 2 5 N/A 44 N/A 2 6 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 627 59 30 N|A 10 917 84 30 5 20 907 99 5 22 1,000 94 174 27 22 1,030 86 174 27 22 936 114 N/A N/A 22

Source: Ministry of Education.

Chart 34: Growth of Public and Private Education during 2000/2001-20013/20134

37

7.1.1 PRIMARY EDUCATION Primary schools have increased students enrolment from 35,997 in 1998/99 to213,369 . Likely gender enrolment estimates in 2013/14 indicate that there are 10 girls out of 22 students. Most of the schools were constructed with the help of aid assistance from the international community. Table46: Growth of Primary Education (Public and Private) during 1998/99-2013/2014 Year 1998/99 1999/00 2000/01 2001/02 2002/03 2003/04 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14

Schools 144 174 222 307 354 385 412 516 N/A 590 627 917 907 1,000 1,030 936

Classes 887 1,106 1,893 2,078 2,386 2,65 2586 3,277 N/A 3,746 N\A 4,043

N/A 4,046

Male 26,356 32,720 38,106 56,951 63,912 70,617 79,878 85,665 94,627 75,985 108,322 138,137 98,359 105,986 114,861 118,130

Female 9,641 12503 14,819 27,723 32,294 35,863 38,438 51,091 56,873 42,730 62,608 94,862 71,988 78,696 91,683 95,239

Total 35,997 45,223 52,925 84,674 96,206 106,480 118,316 136,756 151,500 159,042 170,930 232,999 170,347 184,682 206,544 213,369

Source: Ministry of Education.

Chart 35A: Growth of Primary Education (Public and Private) 1998/99-2013/2014

38

Teachers 960 1,167 1,921 2,062 2,346 2,590 2,801 3,941 N/A 3,937 4969 4,969 5,668 5,960 5,567 7,905

Chart 35B: Growth of Primary Education (Public and Private) 1998/99-2013/2014

Table 47: Distribution of Primary Education by Region during 2011/2012 Region Awdal M.Jeex Sahil Togdheer Sanag Sool Total

Schools

Source: Ministry of Education.

Classes

Male

96 241 75 135 184 108 839

Student Enrolment Female M/F Total 12,490 10,691 23,181 42,501 28,819 71,320 5,139 3,881 9,020 22,134 16,478 39,387 12,134 10,051 22,185 10,813 8,776 19,589 105,986 78,696 184,682

Chart36. Distribution of Primary Education by Region during 2011/2012

39

Table 48: Distribution of Primary Education by Region during 2012/2013-2013/2014

Region Awdal M.Jeex Sahil Togdheer Sanag Sool Saraar Buhoodle Hawd Gabiley Odwayne Badhan Salal Total

Student Enrolment Male 2012/2013 2013/2014 11,943 13,156 34,899 37,808 5,872 4,942 17,952 16,345 11,303 10,973 9,281 9,123 2,763 2,650 3,819 4,350 1,279 1,172 7,717 8,902 1,534 1,605 4,686 5,078 1,816 2,026 114,864 118,130

Source: Ministry of Education.

Female 2012/2013 2013/2014 10,763 11,590 28,137 30,027 4,657 4,914 12,431 12,131 10,041 9,556 7,256 7,578 2,956 2,354 2,887 3,222 1,029 905 5,643 6,319 972 999 3,370 3,962 1,541 1,682 91,683 95,239

M/F Total 2012/2013 2013/2014 22,706 24,746 63,036 67,835 10,529 9,856 30,383 28,476 21,344 20,529 16,537 16,701 5,719 5,004 6,706 7,572 2,308 2,077 13,360 15,221 2,506 2,604 8,056 9,040 3,357 3,708 206,547 213,369

Chart37. Distribution of Primary Education by Region during 2012/2013-2013/2014

(No)

Table49: Primary Education—Distribution of Students by Gender during 12/13-13/14

Area Urban Rural

Student Enrolment Male Female TMF 2012/2013 2013/2014 2012/2013 2013/2014 2012/2013 2013/2014 74,116 55,598 129,714 118,130 82,798 67,291 53,234 95,239 30,863 35,332 22,371 27,948

Source: Ministry of Education

40

Chart 38: Primary Education—Distribution of Students by Gender during 12/13-13/14

Table 50: Primary and Secondary Examination Results (National) during 06/07-13/14 Year 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14

Type Grade 8 Form 4 Grade 8 Form 4 Grade 8 Form 4 Grade 8 Form 4 Grade 8 Form 4 Grade 8 Form 4 Grade 8 Form 4 Grade 8 Form 4 Total

Schools 88 27 117 36 132 37 149 49 183 51 218 63 253 61 289 81

Students Passed Failed Absent 5,231 4,751 369 101 2,468 2,370 16 82 6,702 5,683 707 244 3,027 2,905 9 113 8,142 7,402 541 195 3,174 3,000 165 0 8,968 8,104 659 204 3,980 3,881 2 97 10,710 9,665 799 246 4,911 4,911 0 0 11,626 10,688 531 407 5,851 0 0 0 12,142 11684 187 271 7,302 7,049 0 253 13,266 12,744 276 246 7,799 7,632 16 147 115,299 102,489 4,261 2,606

Source: Ministry of Education.

Chart 39: Primary and Secondary Examination Results (National) during 06/07--13/14

41

7.1.2 SECONDARY EDUCATION The total number of students enrolled in secondary schools grew during 2012/013 from 19,146 to 43,503 2013/014 which translates to an annual growth rate of 9%, but gender disparity in enrolment stands at 1:2 in school year 0f 013/014 in favour of boys. Table 51: Growth of Secondary Education (Public and Private) during 1996/97-2013/2014 Year 1996/97 1997/98 1998/99 1999/00 2000/01 2001/02 2002/03 2003/04 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14

No. of Schools

No. of Classes

3 3 5 13 15 16 24 30 35 43 44 59 68 84 99 94 110 114

7 19 28 69 98 123 178 225 233 243 253 442 N/A N/A 677 N/A N/A 786

Student enrolment Male Female 278 778 1,065 2,246 3,548 4,700 7,502 8,458 9,254 10,565 11,681 13,737 14,843 19,164 24,516 21,229 25,814 27,368

51 139 178 526 832 1,052 1,664 2,315 2,590 3,204 3,732 5,409 5,646 7,854 11,614 10,135 13,642 16,135

Teacher Total 329 917 1,243 2,772 4,380 5,752 9,166 10,773 11,844 13,769 15,413 19,146 20,460 27,018 36,130 31,384 39,456 43,503

29 37 59 127 174 232 294 358 300 315 325 871 546 528 1,202 1,124 1,087 1,755

Source: Ministry of Education.

Chart 40A: Growth of Secondary Education (Public and Private) during 1996/97-2013/14

42

Chart 40B: Growth of Secondary Education (Public and Private) during 1996/97-2013/14

Table 52: Distribution of Secondary Education by Region during 2012/2013 Region

Schools

Student Enrolment Female 1,862 6,703 680 2,338 850 1,209 13,642

Male Awdal M/jeex Saxil Togdheer Sanaag Sool Total

15 45 6 17 15 12 110

3,104 13,707 1,022 4,432 1,565 1,984 25,814

M/F Total

Source: Ministry of Education.

Chart 41: Public and Private Secondary Schools Distribution by Region during 12/13

43

4,981 20,455 1,708 6,787 2,430 3,205 39,456

Table 53: Distribution of Secondary Education by Region during 2013/2014 Region

Schools

Awdal M/jeex Saxil Togdheer Sanaag Sool Total

Student Enrolment Female

Male 19 36 8 24 18 9 114

M/F Total

3,303 14,661 1,315

2,523 8,122 716

5,826 22,783 2,031

4,704 2,020 1,365 27,368

2,540 1,331 899 16,131

7,244 3,351 2,264 43,499

Source: Ministry of Education.

Chart 42: Public and Private Secondary Schools Distribution by Region during 2013/2014

44

7.1.3. HIGHER EDUCATION Table 54: Number of Students Enrolled at the beginning of the academic year in Universities 2010-2014

City Borama Gebiley

Hargeisa

Berbera Burao Total

Amoud EELO Tima Cadde U. Hargeisa U. Golis N. generation U.HOPE CSI U. Admas U. Alpha Adis Ababa Beder IHU Golis Academy Alpha Burao Adis Ababa

2010 2,684 710 184 2521 1589

2011 3508 659 227 3126 2223

2012 2,895 654

195 84

2013 4,031 714 80 4,941 2,948 170 1,698 788 187 _ 240 _ 346 760 84

4,005 2102 183

1526

1472

1,472 1,504

_ 425

_ 422

_

618

321

658

348

10,257

11,958

13,752

17,335

Source: Universities.

Chart 43: Number of Students Enrolled at the beginning of the academic year in Universities 2010-2014

45

2014 3,822 925 6,040 3,405 866 69 767 1363 722 189 553 192 126 266 794 342 20,441

Table 55: Total Students Enrolled in all universities by faculty during the 2010-2014 Faculties All freshs Business Education Agriculture Medicine Shar & Law Human resource Nursing Development management Comp. ICT Global and international studies Public administration Dental Engineering Lab. Tech urban management Pharmacy Dip.in Bus Dip. in Proj Dip. in Edu Scott Islamic Stu. Science Economics Management Accounting Com. Science Mgt. Science Eco. Manag Science Teleco Eng. Qoran Science MSM Institute of Peace Veterinary Languages` Office Admin Dev’t Studies Continuous Study MBA Business & IT (BIT) International relations and political science Computer Engineering Geology Public Health Social Work Health and Science Social Science Post gradute studies MBBS

2010 841 1,293 678 312 409 531

2011 1,018 1,391 460 413 635 590

2012 828 2,135 369 277 567 489

95

112

110

1,157

1,267

2,648

45 915 28

75 1,480 56

56 1,201 68

26 91 57 254 185 123 251 595 278 318 247 572 88 129 102 50 48 137 118 185 27 33 39

50 101 77 225 214 589 636 233 315 197 792 65 153 150 30 27 20 221 266 46 54

62 317 801 981 233 315 195 177 391 142 37 39 20 263 46 102 127 42 110 78 122 50

46

2013 1,083 1,730 836 745 691 458 165 311 220 1,644 64 284 81 1,523 131 37 62 291 1,021 1,165 132 453 68 1,024 674 120 36 625 148 67 86 165 557 125 301 39

2014 1,247 2,136 718 933 660 684 297 219 197 1,886 142 242 68 1,854 68 93 55 215 1,476 1,161 120 600 288 183 858 144 27 590 226 79 209 891 265 -

CLS Marine Engineering Science foundation Community development Animal science and agriculture Nautical Science Clinical Laboratory Science Degree Clinical Laboratory Science Diploma Midwifery Islamic Economic Teacher Training Post gradute Diploma Optometry Project Management G & Leadership Architecture Education Phy/maths Education Bio/chemistry Education Geo/history Education Arabic/religion Nutrition Fishery Diploma Accounting Diploma Computer Total

10,257

11,958

35 35 63 98 74 49

26 89 58

13,752

17,335

132 154 36 33 41 92 115 123 37 80 61 35 9 16 12 19 31 68 26 18 20,441

Source: Universities.

Table 56: Students graduated by University 2010-2014 City Borama Gebiley

Hargeisa

Berbera Burao

2010 288

Amoud University EELO University Tima Cadde University University Of Hargeisa Gollis University New generation University Collage HOPE University Civil Servant Institute (CSI) Admas University Collage Alpha University Collage Adis Ababa Medical University Collage Beder International University IHU Gollis University Academy Alpha Burao University Adis Ababa Buroa

401 445

2011 253 155 538 262

2012 416 122 649 358 42

235

289

433 429

_ 30

_ 37

_

_ _ 101 _ 1,500

Total Source: Universities.

47

_ _ 12 _ 1,546

88 _ _ 62 _ 2,599

2013 421 665 744 372 58 85 379 368 108 _ 58 _ _ _ 3,150

2014 613 624 793 701 479 83 353 1363 237 100 63 _ 44 72 28 483 28 5,920

Chart 44: Students graduated by University 2010-2014

Table 57: Students graduating nationwide from universities by specialty 2010-2014 Faculty MS-IT Telecom Eng. Civil Eng. Medicine Global studies Public health Anes Thesia Law Public admin Computer Science Acc.and Finance Business Economics BPA Mgt science Islamic

2010 Male Female 51 22 0 0 43 2 12 5

2011 Male Female 130 57 0 0 71 2 13 4

2012 Male Female 448 145 83 10 143 4 20 13

2013 Male Female 111 55 173 20 242 23 20 8 18 6 72 40 11 2 58 29 0 0 408 131 113 66 207 89 224 45

2014 Male Female 705 226 136 18 237 24 27 12 62 28 87 119 0 0 35 25 115 23 112 22 264 144 364 182 327 102 0 0

0 60 0 9 44 213 90 0

0 34 0 4 21 70 20 0

0 59 0 29 28 149 154 0

0 15 0 16 30 91 33 0

11 75 0 165 134 202 186 21

2 50 0 36 62 109 54 4

28

21

92

57

34

24

154

94

73

23

0

0

24

21

30

11

29

23

42

26

Human resource

16

7

149

59

Geology

38

12

0

0

49

36

0

0

4

3

29

32

Science

12

4

8

5

43

21

Social work MSM Education IPCS

0

0

28

1

38

4

20

1

11

1

331

139

131

51

29

5

79

13

179

39

38

10

10

9

0

0

14

4

30

3

21

2

28

6

Midwifery

0

0

0

0

21

0

Medical Laboratory

0

0

0

0

13

4

48

24

12

Agriculture

30

9

28

5

Nursing

32

3

54

12

94

16

7

11

9

Dentists

0

0

0

17

7

24

31

43

8

18

0

10

2

14

2

0

0

Sharia & Law

21

19

Diploma Education

40

7

36

11

25

11

25

11

105

52

69

13

46

3

2

7

Diploma in Bus.

0

0

0

0

25

6

0

0

Diploma in Dental MDG

0

0

0

0

1

1

0

0

D.s

0

0

0

0

34

46

0

0

Crim. & Justice

0

0

0

0

20

6

0

0

Distance Prog

0

0

23

4

8

1

0

0

0

0

19

0

10

30

50

21

0

0

0

0

0

0

Veterinary

11

2

0

0

0

0

Journalism

14

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

8

1

0

0

0

0

213

253

Clinical Laboratory Science Degree

6

9

Clinical Laboratory Science Diploma

33

9

Biomedical Science

14

14

9

0

35

50

7

3

Continuous Study

9

5

Dev’t Studies

Enviromental Science Nutrition English Course 6 months Arabic Course 6 months

4

2

107

7

Architecture

26

6

Management

188

86

Development Management

International relations and political science Medicine and nursing

6

1

56

6

Community development

24

8

Animal science and agriculture

11

2

Pharmacy

14

2

Diploma IT

120

18

English Post gradute Diploma

73

34

44

3

Diploma of Accounting

10

16

Diploma English

12

16

Port Management

18

10

Total

1,046

394

1,110

436

Source: Universities.

49

1,932

667

2,301

849

4,282

1,782

Chart 45A: Students graduating nationwide from universities by Gender 2010-2014

Chart 45B: Students graduating nationwide from universities by specialty 2010-2014

50

7.2. HEALTH The approximately 3.5 million population of Somaliland is served 2014 by 24 hospitals, 97 health centres, and 162 health posts. The health sector receives large amounts of assistance from international organizations.

7.2.1PUBLIC HEALTH Table 58: Available Health services facilities 2010---2011 Selected Doctors Region Awdal M/Jeeh Sahil T/Dheer Sanaag Sool Total

Nurses

Midwives

X-Ray Beds Technicians

Laboratory Technologists

2010

2011

2010

2011

2010

2011

2010

2011

2010

2011

2010

2011

11 47 3 15 4 6 86

17 60 5 17 5 6 110

37 216 10 78 24 4 369

64 269 11 83 27 5 459

13 39 9 14 9 5 89

13 47 9 23 9 5 106

1 2 0 1 0 0 4

1 3 1 1 1 1 8

384 565 258 273 140 150 1770

390 571 263 282 142 153 1801

2 16 1 3 1 1 21

4 21 1 5 1 2 34

Sources: Ministry of Health.

Chart 46A: Available Health Staff Distribution by Region during 2010-2011

Chart 46B: Available Health Bed Distribution by Region 2010-2011

51

Table59. Available Health services facilities 2012-2013 Selected Region Awdal M/Jeeh Sahil T/Dheer Sanaag Sool Total

Doctors

Nurses

Midwives

2012

2013

2012

2013

52 79 4 11 3 2 151

34 37 7 20 6 2 106

30 430 12 61 12 37 582

150 288 53 143 54 83 771

X-Ray Laboratory Technicians Technologists

Auxiliary 2012

26 1 4 31

2013

2012

2013

11 17 11 5 1 0 45

45 27

98 193 41 113 68 38 551

36 28 37 173

2012

1 1

2013

2012

2013

0 3 0 1 0 0 4

2 28 1

3 22 8 1 0 1 35

1 3 35

Sources: Ministry of Health.

Chart 47: Available Health services facilities 2012

Table 60. Available Health services facilities 2014 Region

Doctors

Nurses

Midwives

Auxiliary X-Ray Technicians

Laboratory Technologists

Awdal

33

131

71

113

2

14

123

72

185

5

47

11

46

2

T/Dheer 18

145

34

118

1

12

Sanaag

8

60

12

87

2

6

Sool

5

97

Total

72

603

12

32

M/Jeeh Sahil

8

43 200

592

Sources: Ministry of Health.

52

Chart 48: Available Health services facilities 2014

Table 61: Regional Immunization Routing Data in 2010---2011 BCG Selected Region Awdal M.Jeeh Sahil T/Dheer Sanaag Sool Total

DPT1-2-3

2010 2011 2010 6508 9287 6132 14665 14554 12024 2175 2936 2178 3198 5377 2342 3319 4798 2176 2976 4148 8281 32,841 41,100 33,133 Sources: Ministry of Health.

OPV1-2-3 2011 8804 11064 2461 2792 2764 3691 31,576

2010 6127 12136 2150 2365 2181 8379 33,338

Measles 2011 8888 11086 2455 3045 3016 3711 32,201 7

2010 4720 11464 2495 2931 1938 5709 29,25

Chart 49A: Regional Immunization Routing Data in 2010-2011

53

TT for pregnant woman* 2011 2010 2011 6205 6194 11190 10415 13157 17625 2566 4341 4196 3807 3231 4469 2637 4063 4419 2542 8615 6620 28,172 39,60 48,519 1 *1st + 2nd Dose

TT for non pregnant woman* 2010 2011 4790 9875 6819 10301 2896 4512 1115 3516 5765 8920 7043 9525 28,428 46,649

Chart 49B: Regional Imm. Routing Data TT for Pregnant & Non-Pregnant women during 2010-2011

Table 62: Regional Immunization Routing Data in 2012

2012 EPI: CHILDREN BCG Under 1yr Polio-0 Under 1yr OPV1 Under 1yr OPV3 Under 1yr DPT1 Under 1yr DPT3 Under 1yr Measles Under 1yr EPI: WOMEN Pregnant Women TTTT2+ WCBA

Awdal

M. Jeex

Sahil

Togdher

Sanag

Sool

Total

10,213 3,637 18,745 16,580 18,622 16,495 13,906

17,610 6,066 22,171 19,001 21,424 18,383 18,540

7,223 1,277 9,945 8,540 9,872 7,926 9,639

3,889 661 10,033 17,381 9,393 7,534 9,558

7,950 2,645 9,589 11,204 9,330 10,518 8,785

5,027 2,671 6,946 6,542 7,469 7,005 5,326

51,912 16,957 77,429 79,248 76,110 67,861 65,754

24,603 14,330

29,103 16,813

16,877 12,770

12,900 5,624

16,334 20,569

12,562 12,954

112,379 83,060

Sources: Ministry of Health.

Chart 50A: Regional Immunization Routing Data in 2012

54

Chart 50B: Regional Immunization Routing Data TT for Pregnant & Non-Pregnant women in 2012

Table63: Regional Immunization Routing Data in 2013

1 3 s

EPI: CHILDREN

Awdal Marodi Jeex

Sahil

Togdher

Sanag

Sool

Total

BCG Under 1yr Polio-0 Under 1yr OPV1 Under 1yr OPV3 Under 1yr PENTA Under 1yr PENTA Under 1yr Measle Under 1yr EPI: WOMEN TT2+ Pregnant Women WCBA

16,842 8,244 19,288 17,106 19,476 17,231 12,540

19,572 6,214 25,689 21,755 26,030 21,362 25,825

5,119 2,374 7,364 6,632 7,666 6,881 7,300

7,413 2,628 10,285 8,115 10,370 7,981 6,693

5,845 1,186 5,681 6,240 5,296 6,275 4,077

5,299 2,556 6,581 5,874 6,520 5,762 4,250

60,090 23,202 74,888 65,722 75,358 65,492 60,685

25,880 13,345

28,555 13,677

13,249 9,917

14,074 6,375

6,996 8,532

6,569 8,398

95,323 60,244

Sources: Ministry of Health.

Chart 51A: Regional Immunization Routing Data in 2013

55

Chart 51B: Regional Immunization Routing Data in 2013

Table 64: Regional Immunization Routing Data in 2014 Awdal

Marodi Jeex

Sahil

Togdher

Sanag

Sool

Total

EPI: CHILDREN BCG Under 1yr

11,587

14,835

6,323

15,781

5,354

3,264

57,144

Polio-0 OPV1 OPV3 DPT1 DPT3

Under 1yr Under 1yr Under 1yr Under 1yr Under 1yr

8,449 20,283 18,685 20,505 18,679

8,931 24,145 20,680 24,008 20,704

4,209 8,130 7,902 8,410 7,909

7,120 22,306 19,972 21,855 19,535

1,863 5,711 5,906 5,604 5,743

2,936 5,732 5,190 5,650 5,108

33,508 86,307 78,335 86,032 77,678

Measles Under 1yr EPI: WOMEN TT2+ Pregnant Women WCBA

15,091

16,727

7,589

16,374

5,121

5,035

65,937

25,993

28,539

14,348

34,415

8,645

7,984

119,924

14,045

9,818

14,060

34,415

8,636

90,724

Sources: Ministry of Health.

Chart 52A: Regional Immunization Routing Data in 2014

56

9,750

Chart 52B: Regional Immunization Routing Data in 2014

TOTAL All cases

0

2

21

97

20

12

1

8

19

88

26

391

38

Gabilay

60

9

5

0

1

14

59

7

3

0

1

0

37

11

207

21

Finsoma

80

12

0

0

0

1

31

34

16

8

2

10

68

0

262

20

Harg. TB H

531

55

26

1

23

53

157

193

54

51

14

49

420

65

1692

77

Berbera

48

4

1

0

0

0

33

34

8

1

3

9

23

0

164

19

Burao

222

24

7

0

1

6

171

137

26

1

11

36

224

0

866

32

Buhodle

52

2

3

1

1

0

9

1

0

0

3

3

12

0

87

20

Erigavo

78

4

1

0

0

2

20

5

0

0

3

11

33

3

160

10

Lasanod

59

9

1

0

0

3

65

9

4

2

3

6

38

2

201

13

Odweine

49

1

0

2

0

6

11

0

3

0

0

0

13

0

85

7

B/Gubadle

18

0

0

0

0

4

25

11

3

0

0

0

16

0

77

1

Sheik

84

9

1

0

0

0

3

5

1

0

1

1

3

0

108

5

Badhan

42

0

0

0

0

1

23

0

0

0

0

0

1

0

67

7

Odweine

49

2

0

0

0

0

0

1

1

0

0

0

7

0

60

0

1458

142

45

4

28

111

704

457

131

64

49

144

983

107

4427

270

57

Transfer In

0

Sources: Ministry of Health

> 15 yrs

0-4 yrs

5-14 yrs

> 15 yrs

5-14 yrs

11

0-4 yrs

86

G/Total

> 15 yrs

5-14 yrs

After default

Borama

TB Centre

0-4 yrs

After failure

Previously treated

New extrapulmonary

Relaps es

New cases

Pulmonary sputum smear microscopy positive

Pulmonary sputum smear microscopy not done / not available

New pulmonary sputum smear microscopy negative

Other previously treated 3

Table 65: TB Case detection in 14 TB Centres in Somaliland during 2012

After failure

After default

0-4 yrs

5-14 yrs

> 15 yrs

0-4 yrs

5-14 yrs

> 15 yrs

0-4 yrs

5-14 yrs

> 15 yrs

Other previously treated

Total all cases

Transfer In

Pulmonary sputum smear microscopy not done / not available

Relapses

New pulmonary sputum smear microscopy negative

3

Table 66: TB Case detection in 10 TB Centres in Somaliland during 2013

Hargeisa

364

58

7

3

0

44

147

261

53

7

6

51

338

62

1401

53

Berbera

23

3

0

0

0

0

18

34

6

2

1

3

20

0

110

14

Borama

86

9

0

0

3

7

73

10

5

0

2

12

66

7

280

57

Finsom

74

8

1

0

0

11

20

34

10

1

1

3

43

1

207

38

Buhoodle

53

2

0

0

0

0

4

1

0

0

0

5

14

0

81

20

149

12

10

1

0

7

136

112

36

2

9

18

131

0

634

49

El afwayn

48

3

0

0

0

0

4

0

0

0

0

0

2

0

57

5

Erigavo

78

8

2

0

0

11

38

14

4

1

2

5

17

7

188

5

Las anod

68

5

1

0

0

12

46

15

0

0

5

9

34

2

197

11

Sheikh

72

6

0

0

0

1

5

3

2

0

0

0

5

1

95

11

1,015

114

21

4

3

93

491

484

116

13

26

106

670

80

3,250

263

TB centre

Buroa

Total

New cases

Pulmonary sputum smear microscopy positive Previously treated

Sources: Ministry of Health.

58

New extrapulmonary

Table 67: TB Case detection in 10 TB Centres in Somaliland during 2014

TOTAL All cases

All new and relapse cases (bacteriological confirmed or clinically diagnosed) registered during the quarter by age group and sex

0

3

1

19

19

76

56

126

701

Harirad

11

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

9

3

3

3

1

0

4

2

12

49

Hargeisa

410

48

2

0

685

0

34

29

590

0

18

5

302

105

289

200

454

3171

Gabilay

51

8

3

0

64

2

1

0

28

1

0

0

10

8

35

30

61

302

BaliGubadle Finisom

30

0

0

0

33

0

0

0

20

0

0

0

7

2

11

12

17

132

80

6

1

0

90

0

0

0

58

0

0

0

69

20

71

27

49

471

Berbera

46

3

1

0

60

8

8

8

27

1

0

0

25

11

20

19

54

291

Sheikh

35

7

0

0

13

2

0

0

5

4

0

0

5

4

11

21

24

131

Burao

187

28

0

0

333

0

14

0

236

0

3

0

71

56

110

88

176

1302

Oodweyne

95

3

0

0

5

0

0

0

40

0

0

0

1

9

42

36

57

288

Buhodle

60

2

3

0

19

0

0

0

25

0

0

0

10

5

27

24

28

203

Erigavo

72

6

0

0

99

1

0

0

22

0

0

0

7

26

54

38

82

407

Celafweyn

77

5

0

0

2

0

0

0

2

0

0

0

1

6

22

17

82

214

Lasanod

83

2

0

0

100

3

5

0

62

0

0

0

23

22

48

50

112

510

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

1334

124

15

0

1653

16

76

43

1248

9

27

9

551

408

820

620

1334

8287

Hudun Total

Sources: Ministry of Health.

59

> 65 yrs

124

25-34 yrs

6

15-24 yrs

14

5-14 yrs

0

0-4 yrs

Previous treatment history unknown

150

New cases

0

Relapse

5

New cases

5

Previous treatment history unknown

97

Relapse

TB centre Borame

New cases

Previously treated (excluding relapse)

Male and Female

Relapse

Extra pulmonary, bacteriological confirmed or clinically diagnosed

Previously treated (excluding relapse) Previous treatment history unknown

Pulmonary, clinically diagnosed

Previously treated (excluding relapse)

Pulmonary, bacteriological confirmed

7.2.2 PRIVATE HEALTH SERVICES Table 68 : Availability of Private Health Services 2011 Selected Towns

Hargeisa

Borama

Name of Hospitals Manhal Hosp. Red Sea Hosp. Gargaar Hosp. B.kal-kaal Hosp. Edna M. Hosp. Allale Hospital AmoudF. Hospital

Total

Doctors 14 1 8 4 5 5 11 48

Nurses 9 5 26 2 12 3 21 78

Midwives 0 0 4 0 8 2 3 17

Source: Private Health Sector.

Chart 53A: Availability of Private Health Services 2011

Chart 53B: Availablity of private Health Bed Distribution by 2011

60

X-Ray Tech. 2 0 0 0 0 1 2 5

Beds 83 8 88 15 69 75 100 448

Lab. Technologists 2 2 10 2 6 4 2 28

Table 69: Availability of Private Health Services 2012 City

Hospital name

Herer Gargaar Harg. Neuro Bukan Kalkaal Qudus Manhal NewHargeisa Edna Togdheer Manhal Al- Hayad Borama Alaale Hargeisa

# of Doctors

# of Nurses

3 10 3 1 4 16 9 5 9 16 5

2 23 4 2 7 14 12 14 15 26

# of # of X-ray # of Midwives Technicians Beds

0 9 0 0 1 2 0 14 0 0 3

0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 2 1

Source: Private Health Sector.

Chart 54A: Availability of Private Health Services 2012

Chart 54B: Availablity of private Health Bed Distribution by 2012

61

10 90 5 15 30 84 40 72 40 70 93

# of Lab. technicians

2 10 2 1 4 5 4 5 2 6 3

TBA

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2

Pharmacologists 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 4

Table 70: Availability of Private Health Services 2013 City

Hargeisa

Togdheer Borama Erigavo

Hospital name

Doctors

Nurses

Herer Gargaar Kaah Harg. Neuro B.Kalkaal Qudus Manhal New Hargeisa Edna Lama huraan Manhal Al- Hayad Alaale Sanaag

3 8 3 3 1 4 16 7 5 4 9 16 5 5

2 26 4 4 2 7 14 9 8 8 15 25 17 40

Midwives X-ray Tech. 0 10 4 0 0 1 2

0 2

14

1

0 5 6 0

1 1 1 1

0 0 1 1

Source: Private Health Sector.

Chart 55A: Availability of Private Health Services 2013

Chart 55B: Availablity of private Health Bed Distribution by 2013

62

Beds 10 86 16 5 15 30 84 40 72 30 40 100 130 0

Lab. tech. 7 3 2 1 4 5 5 4 1 2 6 1 5

Pharmacologists 0 5 2 0 0 0 0 5 4 1 0 0 1 1

Table 71: Availability of Private Health Services 2014 City

Hargeisa

Borama Togdheer Erigavo

Hospital name Gargaar Kaah Harg. Neuro Manhal New Hargeisa Edna International Al- Hayad Caafi Alaale Manhal Daaru Xanaan Manhal

# of # of # of # of X-Ray # of # of Laboratory # of Doctors Nurses Midwives Technications Beds Technologists Pharmacologists 9 26 7 2 93 7 2 3 4 4 1 14 2 2 2 5 0 1 10 2 2 13 10 0 1 66 5 5 3 5 22 2 3 0 0 6 13 17 1 72 5 6 23 20 6 2 25 5 6 23 25 6 1 150 8 1 1 6 4 0 9 1 1 4 6 3 1 91 3 2 6 9 3 3 64 3 0 4 9 4 1 20 2 0 1 11 4 2 42 2 2

Source: Private Health Centres.

Chart 56A: Availability of Private Health Services 2014

Chart 56B: Availability of private Health Services 2014

63

Table 72: Number of health facilities (public and private) by region 2010-2011 Health facility Public hospitals MCH Health Posts Public mental health Private hospitals Total

M/jeeh 2010 2011 4 4 24 24 30 30 1 1 3 3 62 62

Awdal 2010 2011 3 3 20 20 30 30 0 0 2 2 55 55

Sahil 2010 2011 2 2 8 8 15 15 1 1 0 0 26 26

Togdheer 2010 2011 2 2 14 14 30 30 1 1 1 1 48 48

Sources: Ministry of Health.

Chart 57A: Number of health facilities (public and private) by region 2010-2011

Chart 57B: Number of health facilities (public and private) by region 2010-2011

64

Sool 2010 2011 2 2 9 9 35 35 0 0 1 1 47 47

Sanaag 2010 2011 2 2 12 12 35 35 0 0 1 1 50 50

Table 73: Number of health facilities (public and private) by region 2012 Health facility Public hospitals MCH Health Posts Mobile Clinics Public mental health Private hospitals

M/jeeh 3 26 30 2 1 4

Awdal 3 21 30 1 1 2

Sahil 2 8 14 1 1 0

Togdheer 4 14 30 1 1 1

Sources: Ministry of Health.

Chart 58A: Health facilities (public and private) by region 2012

Chart 58B: Health facilities (MCH and Health posts) by region 2012

65

Sool 2 10 30 2 0 1

Sanaag 2 12 30 2 0 1

Total 16 91 164 9 4 9

Table 74: Number of health facilities (public and private) by region 2013-2914

Health facilities Public Hospital MCHs Health Posts Mobile Clinic Public Mental Health Private Hospitals Total

Awdal 2013 2 22 30 1 0 1 56

2014 3 23 32 1 1 2 62

M/jeex 2013 2014 5 6 23 33 30 26 2 2 1 2 5 8 66 77

Sahil 2013 2 11 11 1 1 0 26

2014 3 12 16 1 1 0 33

Togdher 2013 2014 5 5 17 20 30 32 1 1 1 1 3 5 57 64

Sources: Ministry of Health.

Chart 59A: Health facilities (public and private) by region 2013-2014

Chart 59B: Health facilities (public and private) by region 2013-2014

66

Sanag 2013 3 12 30 2 0 1 48

2014 4 12 26 2 0 1 45

Sool 2013 3 12 30 2 0 1 48

2014 3 12 30 2 0 1 48

7.3 JUSTICES 7.3.1 CRIMINAL STATISTICS: Table 75: Criminal and Civil Statistics in Somaliland during 2010-2011 Completed cases Civil 2010 2011 M/jeeh 1,430 1,725 Awdal 361 486 Sahil 118 255 T/Dheer 381 557 Sanaag 178 217 Sool 106 Total 2,777 3,281 Regions

Criminal 2010 2011 774 2,463 352 358 494 492 525 729 177 281 77 2,441 4,344

Pending Cases Civil Criminal 2010 2011 2010 2011 445 440 515 270 37 44 27 37 13 28 22 22 48 76 26 118 31 31 27 18 17 0 670 869 632 483

Total of Civil & Criminal Cases 2010 2011 3,164 4,898 777 925 647 797 980 1,480 413 547 200 6,181 8,647

Source: Supreme Court of Somaliland

Chart 60: Criminal and Civil Statistics in Somaliland during 2010-2011

Table 76: Criminal and Civil Statistics in Somaliland during 2012 cases Civil Criminal Regions registered Cases Cases Years 2012 2012 2012 M/jeh 1,441 479 962 Sahil 583 135 428 Togdheer 1,083 588 495 Sanaag 302 143 159 Awdal 999 659 340 Total 4,408 2004 2384

cases continued

cases completed

2012 Civil Criminal 2012 Civil Criminal 397 205 192 1,056 286 770 38 22 16 595 113 482 186 146 40 967 514 486 54 29 25 146 51 95 142 84 58 857 575 282 817 486 331 3621 1539 2115

Source: Supreme Court of Somaliland

67

Chart 61A: Civil & Criminal Statistics in Somaliland during 2012

Chart 61B: Civil & Criminal Statistics Cases in Somaliland during 2012 (Continued and Completed)

68

Table 77: Criminal and Civil Statistics in Somaliland during 2013 Regions Years M/jeh Sahil Togdheer Sool Sanaag Awdal Total

cases registered 2013 5860 678 1398 739 292 1020 9,987

Civil Criminal cases continued Cases Cases 2013 2013 2013 Civil Criminal 2872 2988 760 555 205 339 349 129 67 62 894 604 101 85 16 339 400 132 84 47 155 137 123 56 57 420 600 126 50 76 5,019 5,078 1,371 897 463

cases completed 2013 5100 562 1297 593 169 630 8351

Civil 2313 75 709 241 96 106 3,540

Criminal 2785 287 588 352 73 524 4,609

Source: Supreme Court of Somaliland

Chart 62A: Civil & Criminal Statistics in Somaliland during 2013

Chart 62B: Civil & Criminal Statistics Cases in Somaliland during 2013 (Continued and Completed)

69

Table 78: Criminal and Civil Statistics in Somaliland during 2014 Regions Years M/jeh Sahil Togdheer Sool Sanaag Awdal Total

cases registered 2014 5838 674 1566 765 543 1472 10858

CivilCases 2014 2945 340 659 354 311 1151 5760

Criminal Cases cases continued 2014 2014 Civil Criminal 2893 1025 805 220 334 91 55 36 907 286 168 118 411 118 72 46 252 174 109 66 295 114 88 27 5092 1808 1297 513

Source: Supreme Court of Somaliland

Chart 63A: Civil & Criminal Statistics in Somaliland during 2014

Chart 63B: Cases Continued and Completed Cases in Somaliland during 2014

70

cases completed 2014 Civil Criminal 4891 2203 2688 574 299 275 1300 719 581 548 182 366 447 208 194 1358 1089 269 9118 4700 4373

Table 79: Yearly statistics on Legal aid Providers 2013-2014 Name of Legal aid Provider

Year SOLLA SWLA HARGEISA AMOUD LEGAL CLINIC TOTAL

Total number of Criminal Cases

2013 1433 1369 284 428 3514

2014 0 108 176 349 633

Total number of Civil cases

2013 356 257 267 180 1060

2014 0 216 250 186 652

Source: Ministry of justice

Chart 64: Yearly statistics on Legal aid Providers 2013

Table 80: Registered Notaries in Somaliland by Region 2013 -2014 Regions

Number of Registered Notaries in Somaliland 2013 2014

M/jeex Saxil Sool Sanaag Togdheer Awdal Total

49 2 1 N/A 20 9 81

70 4 2 2 21 13 112

Source: Ministry of justice

Chart 65: Registered Notaries in Somaliland by Region 2013-2014

71

Total Number of Cases

2013 1789 1626 551 608 4574

2014 0 324 426 535 1285

7.3.3 VEHICLE ACCIDENTS Table 81: Vehicle Accidents during 2010-2014 Year 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

vehicle accidents

vehicle deaths vehicle accident injuries

1680 2199 2191 2385 2687

162 152 156 155 130

1225 1546 1658 1733 2096

Sources: Police Commander in Chief of Somaliland

Chart 66: Vehicle Accidents in Somaliland during 2010-2014

72

Asset crushed 901 1595 1469 1596 1789

7.4 WATER 7.4.1 AVAILABLE WATER FACILITIES Table 82: Number of Available Water Facilities by Region 2013-2014 M.Jeex Rehabilitation of boreholes Drilling of new boreholes Shallow Wells Communal Dams(Ballys) Springs Sub surface dams Water system

Awdal

Sanaag

Sool

Sahil

2013 2014 2013 2014 2013 2014 2013 2014 2013 2014 201 2014 3 2 5 4 4 6 4 10 6 8 2 3 5 6 5 6 7 3 4 14 5 4 3 4 8 25 20 14 12 8 6 60 34 27 18 15 10 10 7 5 8 2 7 10 8 2 3 7 4 3 4 3 2 4 2 15 13 17 12 10 8 7 5 1 3 4 1 16 10 8 4 3 16 40 36 28 15 27 18 18 8 10 12 7 8

Source: Ministry of Water.

Chart 67: Number of Available Water Facilities by Region 2013-2014

Table 83: Number of Available Water Facilities during 2011-2014 Years 2011 2012 2013 2014

Togdheer

shallow wells boreholes 48 78 164 2500

Dams 123 133 72 174

Source: Ministry of Water.

73

Berkad 32 42 91 60

318 378 23000

water Kiosks 80 120 -

Chart 68: Number of Available Water Facilities 2011-2014

7.4.2 STATUS OF BOREHOLES Table84: Boreholes and their Functional Status during 2010-2014 Regions Maroodi Jeex Awdal Sanaag Togdheer Sahil Sool Total

Functioning Not Functioning 2010 2011 2013 2014 2010 2011 2013 2014 36 36 62 22 19 29 22 2 19 19 23 18 15 16 9 3 17 17 12 57 13 13 18 4 24 10 11 117

24 13 14 123

63 10 11 72

26 12 15 150

17 8 9 81

25 5 6 97

Source: Ministry of Water. N.B: 2012 the data is not available in the Ministry of Water

Chart 69: Functioning and Not Functioning Boreholes in Somaliland during 2010-2014

74

20 3 6 78

3 2 2 16

7.5 TOURISM 7.5.1 HOTELS Table 85: All Hotels in main towns by Staffs, Rooms, Beds in 2013-2014 Cities

Hargeisa

Borama

Gabiley

Years

2013

2014

2013

2014

2013

47

48

11

9

Hotels No. Rooms

Berbera

Buroa

Erigavo

2014

2013

2014

2013

2014

2013

2014

6

18

16

13

26

27

13

6

1206

1159

247

199

77

586

407

442

272

332

272

120

No. beds

1357

1548

405

248

84

895

579

620

352

361

463

102

No. Staff

835

956

149

153

9

117

70

133

101

107

45

16

Sources: Hotels.

Table 86: Number of Available Media In Somaliland 2012 Number of TV station Public Private 1 13

Number of Website Registered Public Private 4 0

Number of Journal Registered Public Private 2 47

Sources: Ministry of Information.

Table 87: Number of Available Media In Somaliland 2014 Number of TV station Public Private 1 11

Number of Website Registered Public Private 4 -

Number of Journal Registered Public Private 2 50

Sources: Ministry of Information.

Table88: Registered Holly Places (Mosques) for Islamic People 2012-2014

Region name M/jeh Togdheer Awdal Sanaag Sool Sahil Gabilay Hawd Daad Madheedh Buhoodle Saraar Badhan Selel Total

Number of mosques 2013 688 323 135 168 134 62 110 30 34 57 43 79 28 1891

2012 530 195 130 112 108 53 69 21 33 58 35 70 20 1434

Source: ministry of endowment 75

2014 800 350 142 180 150 70 122 30 40 68 48 85 30 2115

Table 89: Exchange Rate of $1 into Somaliland Shillings SH. Year 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Selling 6,094 6,692 6,595 5,628 6,354 6,383 6,841

(Sh.Sl) Buying 6,168 6,749 6,647 5,738 6,464 6,711 7,129

Source: MNP&D (Depart. Of Statistics)

Chart 70: Exchange rate of $1 into Somaliland shillings SH.

76

77

78