272 82 560KB
Russian Pages [70]
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_________________________________________________________
. . . .
SDH
-
2004
621.316.5 621.395
.
.,
.
. SDH:
.–
/
, 2004.
У
ь
-
я
. STM-N, sSTM-1k, sSTM-2n. .
.
, 201000 «
» »,
. . . .,
. . .,
Н. Н. К
. А. А. А
.
©
ь
. .,
©
. ., 2004
.
2
071700 «
.
. .
-
, 2004
-
Щ A A1, A2 A1–A4 ADM AIS AMI AP ATM AU AU-3 AU-4 AU-AIS
(Adaptation) – ; – STM; – sSTM; (Add/Drop Multiplexer) – (Alarm Indication Signal) – ; (Alternative Mark Inversion) – ; ( cess Point) – ; (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) – ; (Administrative Unit) – ; (Administrative Unit level 3) – ; (Administrative Unit level 4) – ; (Administrative Unit Alarm Indication Signal) –
; -
;
(Administrative Unit Group) – ; AU-LOP (Administrative Unit Loss Of Pointer) – a ; AU PTR (Administrative Unit Pointer) – ; B1 – B2 – B3 – VC-3, VC-4; B3ZS (Bipolar with 3 Zero Substitution) – ; B8ZS (Bipolar with 8 Zero Substitution) – ; BIP (Bit Interleaved Parity) – ( ); BIP-2 (Bit Interleaved Parity-2) – c 1 2 ( ); BIP-8 (Bit Interleaved Parity-8) – 1, 2,...,8 ( AUG
; ; );
3
BIP-24×N (Bit Interleaved Parity-24×N) –
1, 2, 3,...,24×N ( );
C C 2 C-11
(Connection) – ; (Container) – ; – ; (Container of level 11) –
. 1 544
C-12 C-2 C-31
(Container of level 12) –
/ ; .
2 048 . 6 312
(Container of level 2) – (Container of level 31) –
/ ; / ; .
34 368 C-32
(Container of level 32) –
/ ; .
44 736 C-4
(Container of level 4) –
CP D1–D12 DWDM
139 264 / ; (Connection Point) – ; – ; (D nse Wavelength Division Multiplexing) –
.
/ ; -
;
E-11
–
E-12
–
; ;
E-2
–
E-31
–
; ;
E-32
–
E-4
–
;
F2, F3 G1
; ;
– –
;
H1, H2, H3 – H4 – HDB-3 (High Density Bipolar-3) –
; ;
; HD WDM (Hight Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing) – ;
4
-
HP PLM (Higher Order Path Payload Mismatch) – HP TIM
-
; (Higher Order Path Trace Identifier Mismatch) –
;
HPA HPC HPT IP J0 J1 J2 K1
K2
(Higher order Path Adaptation) – ; (Higher order Path Connection) – ; (Higher order Path Termination) – ; (Interworking Protocol) – Internet); – – – – APS (Automatic Protection Switching)
(
; ; ; -
(MS RDI); – APS (Automatic Protection Switching) VC-4/VC-3; K4 – APS (Automatic Protection Switching) ; LOF (Loss Of Frame) – ; LOS (Loss Of Signal) – ; LPA (Lower order Path Adaptation) – ; LPC (Lower order Path Connection) – ; LP PLM (Low order Path Payload Mismatch) – ; LPT (Lower order Path Termination) – ; LP TIM (Low order Path Trace Identifier Mismatch) – K3
-
; M1 MSA MS-AIS MSOH
– (MS REI); (Multiplex Section Adaptation) – ; (Multiplex Section Alarm Indication Signal) – ; (Multiplex Section Overheard) – ;
-
5
N1
(Multiplex Section Termination) – ; –
N2
VC-4-Xc/VC-4/VC-3; –
NRZ
VC-2/VC-12/VC-11; (Not Return Zero) – ; (Optical Time Multiplexing) –
MST
OTM
-
-
; PDH (Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy) – ; PPI (PDH Phisical Interface) – PDH; PPT (PDH Phisical Termination) – PDH; POH (Path Overheard) – ; PTR (Pointer) – ; RDI (Remote Defect Indication) – ; REI (Remote Error Indication) – ; RSOH (Regenerator Section Overhead) – ; RST (Regenerator Section Termination) – ; S1 – ; SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy) – ; SOH (Section Overhead) – ; SP RING (Shared Protection Ring) – « » ; SPI (SDH Physical Interface) – ; STM-0 (Synchronous Transport Module of level 0) – SDH ( Sonet -1) 51,840 / ; sSTM-1k (Sub Synchronous Transport Module level 1k) – 1k, k=1, 2, 4, 8, 16 ( k=1 sSTM-11 2 880 / ); sSTM-2n (Sub Synchronous Transport Module level 2n) – 2n, n=1, 2, 4 ( n=1 sSTM-21 7 488 / );
6
(Synchronous Transport Module level 1) – SDH 155,520 / ; STM-4 (Synchronous Transport Module level 4) – SDH 620,080 / ; STM-16 (Synchronous Transport Module level 16) – 16SDH 2 488,320 / ; STM-64 (Synchronous Transport Module level 64) – 64SDH 9,95328 / ; STM-256 (Synchronous Transport Module level 256) – 256SDH 39,81312 / ; STM-N (Synchronous Transport Module level N) – SDH N, N=1, 4, 16, 64, 256; T (Termination) – ; TC (Tandem Connection) – ; TCP (Termination Connection Point) – ; TM (Terminal Multiplexer) – ; TU-11 (Tributary Unit level 11) – , VC-11 SDH; TU-12 (Tributary Unit level 12) – , VC-12 SDH; TU-2 (Tributary Unit level 2) – , VC-2 SDH; TU-3 (Tributary Unit level 3) – , VC-3 SDH; TU-AIS (Tributary Unit Alarm Indication Signal) – ; TUG-2 (Tributary Unit Group level 2) – ; TUG-3 (Tributary Unit Group level 3) – ; TU-LOP (Tributary Unit Loss of Pointer) – ; TU PTR (Tributary Unit Pointer) – ; TU-n (Tributary Unit level n) – n; STM-1
7
V5
– TU-2; –
VC-11
VC-11, VC-12, VC-2; (Virtual Container level 11) –
V1–V4
TU-11, TU-12, -
1 544 / ; VC-11-Xc (Virtual Container level 11-Xc) –
VC-12
-
1 544 / , X=2,…,64; (Virtual Container level 12) –
X -
2 048 / ; VC-12-Xc (Virtual Container level 12-Xc) –
VC-2 VC-2-Xc
-
2 048 / , X=2,…,64; (Virtual Container level 2) – ; (Virtual Container level 2-Xc) –
X
X
VC-3 VC-3-Xc VC-4 VC-4-Xc
, X=2,...,7; (Virtual Container level 3) – ; (Virtual Container level 3-Xc) – X (Virtual Container level 4) – ; (Virtual Container level 4-Xc) –
; X
VC-n-X WDM Z
8
, X=2,...,256); (Virtual Container level n-Xc) – n , (Wavelength Division Multiplexing) – ; – .
X
-
1.
, . ,
,
.
, -
, , ,
,
-
, ,
–
,
. , ,
,
. –
,
-
. – ,
. –
, . , -
. ,
-
. , –
.
. ,
. , .
-
,
(TC), . ,
(TM) /
( D ),
9
. . . .
« ». ( ,
/
)
,
.
. 1.1
. (
, -
,
). WDM
-
, . ,
-
. . .
(1:N). -
. . . 1.1 –
«
–
-4 VC-4. .
-
-4/VC-4
-
VC-4 – -
. 1.2
STM-N. . SDH, -n (n=11, 12, 2, 3).
.
. VC-n
VC-4.
. 1.3
VC-n sSTM-1k
sSTM-2n.
. 1.4
, -
WDM ( ). , 565
/ ,
,
Fast Ethernet. .
10
-4.
SDH ».
. 1.1 / . .
№ 1
1 544
/ ,
2
1 544
/ ,
VC-11
1 544
/ ± 50 ppm
1 544
/ ,
2 048
G.704 / ± 50 ppm
2 048
/ ,
.,
VC-11 3
2 048
/ ,
4
2 048
/ ,
VC-12
.,
VC-12
1.2, 1.3 1.2, 1.3 1.2, 1.3 1.2, 1.3
5
6 312
/ ,
VC-2
6 312
G.704 / ± 30 ppm
6
34 368
/ ,
VC-3
34 368
/ ± 20 ppm
1.2, 1.3 1.2
7
44 736
/ ,
VC-3
44 736
/ ± 20 ppm
1.2
8
VC-4 139 264
/ ,
9
10
VC-11
11
VC-12
12 13
VC-11, VC-12, VC-2, VC-3, VC-4, VC-4-Xc VC-4
139 264 / ±15 ppm 53
1.1
-
VC-11
1.2
VC-4
VC-12
1.2
VC-2
VC-4
VC-2
1.2
VC-3
VC-4
VC-3
1.2
VC-11
1.3
14 VC-11
sSTM-2n sSTM-1k
11
. .
№ 15 VC-12 16
VC-12
1.3
VC-2
1.3
VC-4
1.1, 1.2
sSTM-2n sSTM-1k
VC-2 sSTM-2n
17
VC-4 STM-N, N=1, 4, 16, 64
18 STM-N
STM-N
sSTM-2n
sSTM-2n
19
20 21
sSTM-1k VC-4-Xc
sSTM-1k
λi
22
λi
23 564 992 24
Fast
25 26
-
λi
sSTM-1k, k = 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 VC-4-Xc
1.3
53
1.4 /
i ∈ [1,..., N ]
-
1.4
1.4 1.4
– OTM. WDM N < 16, DWDM 16 ≤ N < 64, HDWDM 64 ≤ N
12
1.4
1.4
λi
Ethernet
1.1, 1.2 1.3
564 992
λi
/ ,
STM-N, N=1, 4, 16, 64 sSTM-2n, n=1, 2, 4
-n
-n
STM-N, N=1, 4, 16, 64
-4 VC-4
A
A
T
T
VC-4
C
C
A
STM-N
T
A
T
STM-N
T
A
A
T
T
A
A T
STM-N
A
A
T
T
. 1.1. VC-4
13
-n
-n
STM-N, N=1, 4, 16, 64
-n VC-n
A
A VC-n
T C
T C
VC-4
A
A
T
T C
-
C
A
A
T
T
A
A
A
T
T
T
STM-N
A STM-N
T
. 1.2. , n=11, 12, 2, 3
14
-n
sSTM-1k
-n
sSTM-2n
-n VC-n
A
A
T
T
VC-n
C
C
A T
A
sSTM-1k
A T
sSTM-2n
sSTM-1k
A
T
sSTM-2n
T
A
A
sSTM-1k
A
A
T
T
sSTM-2n
T
T
. 1.3. sSTM-1k При еча ие.
sSTM-2n n=11, 12, 2, sSTM-2n, n=1, 2, 4 15
.
.
. .
. -
. 1.4.
16
/
1.1.
, /
(TM)
, (ADM),
,
-
, .
1.2 1.1 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10
-11 E-12 E-2 -11 E-12 E-2 E-3 E-3 E-4
sSTM-1k, k=1 sSTM-1k, k=16 sSTM-2n, n=8 STM-N, N=1 STM-N, N=4 STM-N, N=4 STM-0 STM-N, N=4 STM-N, N=16 STM-N, N=64
53
1.2.
, ,
,
, . 1.3 1.2. 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10
STM-N, N=4 STM-N, N=16 STM-N, N=64 STM-N, N=4 STM-N, N=16 STM-N, N=64 564 992 / PDH Fast Ethernet 53 53
OTM OTM OTM OTM OTM OTM OTM OTM OTM OTM
WDM WDM DWDM DWDM DWDM HDWDM DWDM DWDM DWDM HDWDM
17
2. -
, G.707(03/96) (
. 2.1). SDH
,
-
STM-N (
STM-0, STM-1). ,
. 2.1 , ,
125
.
, VC-12
-
. ,
-
. VC-n. 125 500
.
. SDH . STM-N c -
VC-n VC-n ,
PDH. , -
VC-n – ,
,
–
. . 2.1
,
STM-N (AUG), VC-4,
AU-4, VC-4 – STM-N
. AU-3,
VC-3, -
VC-3 . VC-4 VC-3 TUG-2
TUG-3, TU-n,
18
-
VC-3, . -
VC-n, . . 2.1, VC-4, VC-3 –
VC-n,
, VC-2, VC-12, VC-11 – , SDH VC-n.
2.1 ,
,
.
51 840 155 520 622 080 2 488 320 9 953 280
VC-12 21 63 252 1 008 4 032
, STM-N STM-0 STM-1 STM-4 STM-16 STM-64
27 81 324 1 296 5 184
/
783 2 349 9 396 37 584 150 336
2.2 sSTM-1k k
,
,
(
, TU-12) 1 2 4 8 16
.
/
-
sSTM-1k sSTM-11 sSTM-12 sSTM-14 sSTM-18 sSTM-116
9 9 9 9 9
36 72 144 288 576
VC-12 1 2 4 8 16
2 880 5 184 9 792 19 008 37 440
2.2 sSTM-2n n
,
,
(
, TUG-2) 1 2 4
.
/
-
sSTM-1k sSTM-21 sSTM-22 sSTM-24
9 9 9
108 216 432
7 488 14 400 28 224
VC-12 3 6 12
19
×N
×1
STM-N
AUG1
AU-4
C-4
VC-4 ×3
×3
×1 TU-3
TUG-3 AU-3
VC-3 C-3
VC-3
×7 ×7
×1
TUG-2
TU-2
VC-2
C-2
×3 TU-12
VC-12
C-12
TU-11
VC-11
C-11
×4
. 2.1. :
20
,
- G.707 (03/96). , , N=1, 4, 16, 64
,
×1 STM-64
AUG64 ×4
STM-16
×1
×1
AUG16 ×4
×1
VC-4-16c
C-4-16c
AU-4-4c
VC-4-4c
C-4-4c
×1
AUG4
STM-4
AU-4-16c
×4
×1
×1
STM-1
AUG1
AU-4
C-4
VC-4 ×3
×3 STM-0
×1
sSTM-2n **/ sSTM-1k */
TUG-2n **/ ×1
TU-3
TUG-3 AU-3
×1
×1
×n
VC-3 C-3
VC-3
×7 ×7
×1
TUG-2
×k TUG-1k */
TU-2
VC-2
C-2
×3 TU-12
VC-12
C-12
TU-11
VC-11
C-11
×4
. 2.2.
sSTM (
- G.708 (06/99) - G.707 (03/96)).
*/ k=1, 2, 4, 8, 16, **/ n=1, 2, 4
21
SDH VC-n-Xc. . -
, , . .
-
. VC-n, .
VC-4
TU-2 (
VC-2. AU-4 (
VC-4) ,
VC-2). (
«
»)
-
. . VC-4-Xc 599 040
-
=N. /
N=4
38 338 560
/
N=256. VC-2-Xc / ,
6 784
VC-2, =2, …, 7 6 784 / .
47 488
-
. / VC-n.
,
-
.
-
.
VC-n
. (149 760× )
/ ,
–
VC-11-Xc 1 600 / ,
, «
VC-4-Xc sSTM-1k
sSTM-2n, .
VC-4-Xc 2 256. VC-2-Xc, VC-12-Xc 6 784 / , 2 176 / 2 64.
– –
« (SP RING). . 2.2
» »
. -
– . 2.2
G.708 (06/99). ,
, ,
125
-
. ,
. 16 n=1, 2, 4), sSTM-2n . 2.1
. 2.2, sSTM-1k sSTM-2n ( ,
k=1, 2, 4, 8, sSTM-1k
. 2.2
:
-
, . .
,
,
-
/ .
-
. . 125
. 64
. STM-0 G.707 (03/96) G.708 (06/99). – 1 2. STM-1 – 2). STM-N N , STM-1. ,
125 . .
. 2.3
500
.
(
1 -
.
23
2.3 , VC-n VC-4 VC-3 VC-2 VC-12 VC-11 VC-4-Xc
,T
, N
125 125 500 500 500 125
2 349 765 428 140 104 2 349 × X
, ,
С = F ⋅ N ⋅8 ,
-
/ . (VC-3 (STM). STM-N
VC-4) . VC-2, VC-12 500
VC-11
,
2
. VC-2, VC-12
VC-11 VC-4 VC-3 VC-4 VC-3 VC-2 VC-11 – TU-11
. . VC-12 –
TU-2, TU-12
, TU-12, .
-
.
VC-3 TUG-3 TUG-2.
TU-3. TUG-2 – TU-11. ,
TU-2, TU-12 , . . ,
500 .
24
, VC-4 TUG-3.
-
TU-12 TU-11 -
. VC-4
VC-3
-
4. VC-2, VC-12
VC-11. VC-4, VC-3
.
VC-4-Xc
. . ,
, (
. 2.3, 2.4, 2.6, 2.7). .
.
AU-4.
3 .
270×N 9×N 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
(
) 261×N
(SOH) AU-4 STM-N
9
(SOH)
. 2.3.
STM-N
25
85 261 J1 B3 C2 G1 F2 H4 F3 K3 N1
VC-3
VC-3, VC-4
VC-3
VC-4
VC-4
. 2.4.
VC-3
VC-2, VC-12
VC-4
VC-11
. 2.5. ,
. , -
. , AU-4,
VC-4, « .
»–
, .
VC-4,
,
. . ,
VC-4-X . 2.8 125
26
, , -
.
. 2.6 . 2.7 –
. sSTM sSTM -
.
2
BIP-8, -
1 .
D1 64
/ .
V5
J2
N2
428 140 104
(VC-2) (VC-12) (VC-11)
K4
. 2.5.
VC-2, VC-12 500
VC-11.
27
×261 –1
1 J1 B3 C2 G1 F2 H4 F3 K3 N1
×260
. VC-4-
. 2.6.
VC-4-
.
×261 ×260 J1 B3 C2 G1 F2 H4 F3 K3 N1
........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........
J1 B3 C2 G1 F2 H4 F3 K3 N1
VC-4-
. 2.7.
28
VC-4-
.
(k×4) (n×12)
1
-
sSTM-1k, sSTM-2n
An
D1 sSTM-1k
sSTM-2n
B2 M1 C . 2.8.
sSTM-1k 125
. 2.9 3, 4): An
( 500
sSTM
sSTM-2n
1=11110110,
)
.
2=00101000,
, 3=11110111, .
n (n=1, 2, 4=00101001. .
-
,
. , STM-N.
4 VC-4
VC-3, TU-2, TU-12
TU-11,
VC-2, VC-12 2.9
VC-11. sSTM,
J0 – S1 –
. – 16
/ . , .
-
29
( . .
) Alcatel).
( (k×4) (n×12)
1
-
sSTM-1k, sSTM-2n
A1
D1 sSTM-1k
sSTM-2n
sSTM-1k
sSTM-2n
S1 B2 M1 A2 D1 J0 B2 M1 A3 D1 sSTM-1k
sSTM-2n
sSTM-1k
sSTM-2n
B2 M1 A4 D1
B2 M1
. 2.10
30
. 2.9.
sSTM-1k, sSTM-2n 500
. -
.
STM-N . ( .
. 2.4
. 2.10
λ SV ).
-
. .
2.4
(
(
) 100
50 196,10 196,05 196,00 195,95 195,90 . . . 193,20 193,15 193,10 193,05 193,00 . . . 192,30 192,25 192,20 192,15 192,10
2,99792458 ⋅ 10 8
,
)
196,10 196,00 195,90 . . . 193,20 193,10 193,00 . . . 192,30 192,20 192,10
1 528,77 1 529,16 1 529,55 1 529,94 1 530,33 . . . 1 551,72 1 552,12 1 552,52 1 552,93 1 553,33 . . . 1 558,98 1 559,39 1 559,79 1 560,20 1 560,61
/
31
Δλ
. . .
. . .
λ SV
λ1
λ2
. . .
λi
. . .
λ
λN
. 2.10. (
«
2.1. –
)
» . . .
. 2.5 2.1
01 02 03 04 05
32
STM-64 STM-16 STM-16 STM-16 STM-16
AU-4 AU-4 AU-4 AU-4 AU-4
VC-4 VC-3 VC-2 VC-12 VC-11
06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32
STM-4 STM-4 STM-4 STM-4 STM-4 STM-1 STM-0 STM-0 STM-0 STM-0 sSTM-21 sSTM-22 sSTM-24 sSTM-21 sSTM-22 sSTM-24 sSTM-21 sSTM-22 sSTM-24 sSTM-11 sSTM-12 sSTM-14 sSTM-18 sSTM-116 STM-64 STM-16 STM-4
AU-4 AU-4 AU-4 AU-4 AU-4 AU-4 AU-3 AU-3 AU-3 AU-3 – AU-4-16c AU-4-4c AU-4-4c
2.2.
VC-4 VC-3 VC-2 VC-12 VC-11 VC-4 VC-3 VC-2 VC-12 VC-11 VC-2 VC-2 VC-2 VC-12 VC-12 VC-12 VC-11 VC-11 VC-11 VC-12 VC-12 VC-12 VC-12 VC-12 VC-4-16c VC-4-4c VC-4-4c
«
»
, /
,
. . «
». .
33
2.6 2.2
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10
4 4 4 4 4 6 6 6 6 6
2 5 50 100 120 2 5 50 100 120
VC-4 VC-3 VC-2 VC-12 VC-11 VC-4 VC-3 VC-2 VC-12 VC-11
2.3.
« ,
/
, «
», . ». -
. 2.7 2.3
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10
34
1–2 6 VC-3 252 VC-12 1 VC-4-4c 1 VC-4-16c 12 VC-12 4 VC-11 2 VC-3 4 VC-3 5 VC-3 1 VC-4-16c
1–3 5 VC-4 2 VC-4 1 VC-4 1 VC-4 6 VC-12 1 VC-2 14 VC-2 42 VC-12 28 VC-11 2 VC-4
2–3 3 VC-3 126 VC-12 6 VC-3 3 VC-3 1 VC-2 2 VC-2 21 VC-2 63 VC-12 112 VC-11 1 VC-4
2.4.
, «
–
», ,
. . . : .
,
2.8 2.4 -
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10
STM-4 STM-4 STM-4 STM-16 STM-16 STM-16 STM-16 STM-64 STM-64 STM-64
4 8 16 24 32 48 64 32 64 72
WDM WDM WDM DWDM DWDM DWDM DWDM DWDM DWDM HDWDM
35
3. 3.1. .1 ,
–
– . ( )
,
-
. . . /
-
. : – – –
/
,
/
, ,
– –
/
,
, , –
,
– , – – –
, , .
/
« ».
«
»
«
-
»
. «
»
«
»
. -
36
, . . . 3.1 STM-N (N=1, 4, 16, 64). sSTM-2n
-
Х 7 + Х 6 +1 .
sSTM-1k.
-
(2 7 − 1) ⋅ T , T –
. ,
STM-N
. .
sSTM-1k .
-
9
sSTM-2n
.
+ D Q S
D Q S
D Q S
D Q S
D Q S
D Q S
D Q S
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37
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32 064 44 736
38
30
10 20
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34 368
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139 264
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Coded Mark Inversion CMI, NRZ -
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High Density Bipolar of order 3 HDB3
50
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97 728
155 520
10
20
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6 312
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622 080
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2 488 320
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39
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40
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2(
7
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ID) 3
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).
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42
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5
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. 3.3.
270
0 0 0 1… 87 …
86 …
521 …
125
522 …
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782 … 86 …
125 250
AU-4
43
H1
H2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 N N N N S S I D I D I D I D I D 10
I Increment ( D Decrement ( N New data flag (
) ) )
. 3.4. AU-4
3.2 */ AU-4, VC-4
(PTR)
i i+1 i+2
0000000100 0101010001 0000000011
VC-4 **/ 4–782, 0–3 4–782, H3, 0–2 3–782, 0–2
i i+1 i+2
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15–782, 0–14 15–782, 1–15 16–782, 0–15
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. AU-4, .
44
2. VC-4 ,
1
2349.
-
VC-4 AU-4.
1, 2
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-
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AU-4.
VC-4
,
. 3.2
. 0
782.
4, 2347,
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2348
2349
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,
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,
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.
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AU-4 . . AU-4 3
AU-4 VC-4 VC-4 2347, 2348
2349
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VC-4 «ID» . 3.2
1, 2 AU-4 .
VC-4 VC-4 –
.
3-
. . -
AU-4. .
1 15 (2347, 2348 2349) VC-4 AU-4 14. , 15 . .,
2. 1, 2
15.
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. .,
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AU-4 782
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.
AU-4 AU-4
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45
1, 2
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2349
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-
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. VC-4.
N
( VC-4
) -
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.
-
VC-4, (TU).
.
-
VC-4
. . 3.5
VC-4 3×TU-3. VC-3 TU-3.
765 TU-3
VC-3 VC-4
. 0 ,
764. 3–
1
.
46
2 -
.
. 3.3 TU-3
,
VC-4 .
VC-4.
VC-3
,
-
– .
-
U-3. . 3.6
VC-2
, c
428 .
. , VC-12 – 140 , V1
«ID»
500 , VC-11 – 104 V2 1 ,
2.
V3 V3 – TU-2
( TU-12
35, TU-11 ,
26).
.
107, .
V4
-
VC-4
,
500
.
VC-4.
,
– . VC-4,
. 4
. , . VC-4
4
, 4
. 3.6.
47
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
J1 B3 C2 G1 F2 H4 F3 K3 N1 J1 B3 C2 G1 F2 H4 F3 K3 N1
5
6 7 8
9
261
H1 H1 H1 H2 H2 H2 H3 H3 H3 0 0 0 1 1 85 85 85
1
84 84 84
594 594 594 125 H1 H1 H1 595 … H2 H2 H2 H3 H3 H3 0 0 0 1 85 85 85
1
764 764 764 84 84 84
1
594 594 594 125 250
. 3.5.
VC-4=3×TU-3 (TUG-3)
3.3 */ U-3,
*/
48
VC-3
(PTR)
i i+1 i+2
0000000111 0101010010 0000000110
i i+1 i+2
0000001011 1010100001 0000001100
VC-3 7–764, 0–6 7–764, H3, 0–5 6–764, 0–5 11–764, 0–10 11–764, 1–11 12–764, 0–11 .
TU-11
TU-12
TU-2
V1 78
V1 105
V1 321
103 V2
139 V2
427 V2 0
0
0
25 V3 26
34 V3 35
106 V3 107
51 V4 52
69 V4 70
213 V4 214
77
104
320
-
. 3.6.
TU-11, TU-12 500
TU-2
.
, .
, .
. 3.7
3.8 VC-4 -4
49
.
,
-
, , . .
. 261
J1 B3 C2 G1 F2 H4 F3 K3 N1
VC-4
20
3.7.
13
VC-4 -4
1 12 POH W
96 D
X
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3.8.
VC-4
-4. W=DDDDDDDD, X=CRRRRROO, Y=RRRRRRRR, Z=DDDDDDSR
50
VC-4
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51
. . 3.4 . 125 500
VC-4 VC-3 , VC-2, VC-12
. . 3.9
S1 , S 2 . (C1 , C1 , C1 ), ( .
2,
VC-11 VC-12.
2,
2),
. 3.2. -
. 1025
0,
– 1023
2.
.
, -
, . . .
VC-11
VC-12 1 544
2 048
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3.10
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31×64
52
/ .
.
3.4 E-n . E-n, .
-4 -31 -32 -2 -12 -11
.
VC-n .
VC-4 VC-3 VC-3 VC-2 VC-12 VC-11
VC-n 17406 4293 5589 3152 1023
. VC-n 17415 4299
9( , , , , ) 3(C 1 ,C 1 ,C 1 ,C 1 ,C 1 ),
9S 3 S1 ,
5598 3160
3(C 2 ,C 2 ,C 2 ,C 2 ,C 2 ) 9( , , , , ) 4(C 1 ,C 1 ,C 1 ),
3 S2 9S 4 S1 ,
4(C 2 ,C 2 ,C 2 )
4 S2
(C 1 ,C 1 ,C 1 ),
S1 ,
(C 2 ,C 2 ,C 2 )
S2
(C 1 ,C 1 ,C 1 ),
S1 ,
(C 2 ,C 2 ,C 2 )
S2
1025
771
773
,
-
–
,
53
. ,
.
-
. 3.5 .
3.5 ( , / 149 760 48 184 6 784 2 176 1 600
53
)
VC-n VC-4 VC-3 VC-2 VC-12 VC-11
. VC-n 2 340 756 424 136 100
53
V5 R R R R R R R R
32
R R R R R R R R J2 1 2 R R 32
R R R R R R R R N2 1 2 R R
140
32
R R R R R R R R K4 1 2 R R R R R S1 S2 D D D D D D D 31 R R R R R R R R
. 3.9. 2 048
/
VC-12 500
54
V5 R R R R R R R R 1–15 16 17–31 R R R R R R R R J2 R R R R R R R R 1–15 16 17–31 R R R R R R R R N2 R R R R R R R R
140
1–15 16 17–31 R R R R R R R R K4 R R R R R R R R 1–15 16 17–31 R R R R R R R R
. 3.10.
31 64
/
VC-12 500
55
3.2.
.
. . .
,
–
. , G.707, G.708 .3
. .
. 3.11 .
(LOF) (RST), – ,
«
»,
, .
. ,
, . . . 3.11 HPA (Higher order path adaptation) – ; HPC (Higher order path connection) – ; HPT (Higher order path termination) – ; LPA (Lower order path adaptation) – ; LPC (Lower order path connection) – ; LPT (Lower order path termination) – ; MSA (Multiplex section adaptation) – ; MST (Multiplex section termination) – ; RST (Regenerator section termination) – .
56
: -
-
-
SPI
RST
MST
MSA
HPC
HPT
HPA
LPC
LPT
LPA
LOS LOF BIP-8
"1" MS-AIS "1"
MS-AIS BIP-24×N
AU-AIS "1"
AU-AIS AU-LOP
"1" HP TIM HP PLM BIP-8 REI RDI REI RDI
TU-AIS "1"
TU-AIS TU-LOP
"1"
LP TIM LP PLM BIP-2
. 3.11. 57
LOS LOF BIP-8 MS–AIS BIP–24×N AU–AIS
(Loss Of Signal) – ; (Loss Of Frame) – ; (Bit Interleaved Parity-8) – -8; (Multiplex Section Alarm Indication Signal) – ; (Bit Interleaved Parity-24×N) – -24×N; (Administrative Unit Alarm Indication Signal) –
-
; AU–LOP HP PLM
(Administrative Unit Loss Of Pointer) – ; (Higher Order Path Payload Mismatch) –
HP TIM
; (Higher Order Path Trace Identifier Mismatch) –
;
(Remote Error Indication) – ; (Remote Defect Indication) – ; (Tributary Unit Alarm Indication Signal) – ; (Tributary Unit Loss Of Pointer) – ; (Low Order Path Payload Mismatch) – ; (Low Order Path Trace Identifier Mismatch) –
REI RDI TU–AIS TU–LOP LP PLM LP TIM
-
;
BIP–2
(Bit Interleaved Parity-2) – -2.
-
3.3.
, -
, . . -
58
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)
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)
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.
59
((VC-n)i, (VC-n)j) CPi TCPi
CPj
… 1 N
… 1 N
TCPj
. 3.12.
3.6
Ai Aj : ( )–
60
(T)CPi – (T)CPj,
i
j.
B CPj
1 …
TCPj
CPi
1 …
TCPi
((VC-n)i, (VC-n)j)
CPi
CPj
… 1 N
… 1
N
. 3.13.
3.7
Aj Bj
Ai i=j X
Bi X i=j
: ( )– (i=j) –
(T)CPi – (T)CPj, (T)CPi – (T)CPj, .
i j; i=j, -
61
CPi
CPi , East,
, West,
((VC-n)i, (VC-n)j)
CPj CPi
1
CPj
…
… 1
N
N
CPj TCPj
TCPi . 3.14.
3.8
Aj Bj Cj
Ai i=j X X
Bi X i=j X
Ci X X i=j
: ( )– (i=j) –
62
(T)CPi – (T)CPj, (T)CPi – (T)CPj, .
i j; i=j, -
CPi
CPi , East,
, West,
((VC-n)i, (VC-n)j)
CPj
CPj
…
CPi TCPi
…
1 N 1 N
…
…
1M
1M
, West,
CPj TCPj
D, East,
. 3.15.
3.9
Aj Bj Cj Dj
Ai i=j X –
Bi i=j – – X
Ci X – – –
Di – X – –
: ( )– (i=j) –
(T)CPi – (T)CPj , (T)CPi – (T)CPj,
(–)–
.
i j; i=j, ;
63
3.1.
. : ; ,
, .
-
. . . 3.10 3.1 -0, 01
11
-0,
-
02 03
-11 -12,
12 13
04
-21,
14
05 06
--22 -31
15 16
STM-16 STM-1,
17
STM-1,
07
-0,
STM-64 97 728 / -21,
08
-4
18
-12,
09
-21,
19
-32
20
-12,
10
STM-4
3.2. STM-N,
VC-4
7
64
8
1
2.
( ). 3.11 3.2 STM-N 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10
STM-1 STM-4 STM-16 STM-64 STM-256 STM-1 STM-4 STM-16 STM-64 STM-256
00 00001011 00 00010001 00 00100001 00 00001111 00 00000110 00 00000111 00 10000000 00 00000001 00 00000101 00 00101000
I I I I I D D D D D
3.3.
-
VC-n
, 7
8
V1 (
V2.
). 3.12 3.3
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10
VC-11 VC-12 VC-12 VC-2 VC-3 VC-11 VC-12 VC-12 VC-2 VC-3
VC-4 VC-4 VC-3 VC-4 VC-4 VC-4 VC--4 VC-3 VC-4 VC-4
00 00001111 00 00000101 00 00001000 00 00001100 00 00001001 00 00000111 00 00000011 00 00001011 00 00000100 00 11000000
I I I I I D D D D D
65
3.4. -
( )
. . 3.13 3.4 . 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
-11 -12 -2 -31 -32 -11 -12 -2 -4 -4 -11 -12 -2 -31 -32 -11 -12 -2
VC-11 VC-12 VC-2 VC-3 VC-3 VC-11 VC-12 VC-2 – – VC-11 VC-12 VC-2 VC-3 VC-3 VC-11 VC-12 VC-2
3.5. .
VC-4 VC-4 VC-4 VC-4 VC-4 VC-3 VC-3 VC-3 VC-4 VC-4 VC-3 VC-3 VC-3 VC-4 VC-4 VC-4 VC-4 VC-4
. VC-4.
, .
66
3.14 3.5 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10
-11 -12 -2 -31 -32 -11 -12 -2 -4 -4
1.
. .,
– «
» »
« «
– «
«
/
»
/
»
/
»
» »
« – «
» »
« «
. . /
: 2. 2001, № 5. 3. 4. . .: 5.
«
»
.,
, 2001.
. .
.
. . . .
SDH.
.:
-
, , 1997.
, 2000. .
.
: / . . . . .: , 2002. 6. Ken-ichi Sato. Photonic Transport Network OAM Technologies // IEEE Communications Magazine. 1996, December. 7. ITU-T Recommendation G.692 (10/98). Optical interfaces for multichannel systems with optical amplifiers. 8. ITU-T Recommendation G.681 (10/96). Functional characteristics of interoffice and long-haul line systems using optical amplifiers, including optical multiplexing. 9. ITU-T Recommendation G.872 (02/99). Architecture of optical transport networks. 10. ITU-T Recommendation G.803 (06/97). Architecture of transport networks based on the syncronous digital hierarchy (SDH). 11. ITU-T Recommendation G.803 (11/95). Generic functional architecture of transport networks. 12. ITU-T Recommendation G.707 (03/96). Network node interface for the synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH). 13. ITU-T Recommendation G.708 (06/99). Sub STM-0 network node interface for the synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH). 14. ETS 300 417-1-1. Synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) equipment. Part 1-1: Generic processes and performance. January 1996.
67
Щ
........................................................................................3
1. ...............................................................................................9 ........................................................................................................................17 2.
................................................... 18 ........................................................................................................................32
3. 3.1.
...............................................................36 ...........................................................................................–
3.2.
........................................................................................56
3.3.
........................................................................................58 ……………………………………………………………............................64 ..........................................................................................................67
68
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27.09.2004 . . , 61 , 22
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