Las yerbas de la gente: A Study of Hispano-American Medicinal Plants 9780932206589, 9781951519117

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ANTHROPOLOGICAL PAPERS

MUSEUM OF ANTHROPOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN NO. 60

LAS YERBAS DE LA GENTE: ASTUDY OF HISPANO-AMERICAN MEDICINAL PLANTS

BY KAREN COWAN FORD

ANN ARBOR THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, 1975

© 1975 by the Regents of the University of Michigan The Museum of Anthropology All rights reserved ISBN (print): 978-0-932206-58-9 ISBN (ebook): 978-1-951519-11-7 Browse all of our books at sites.lsa.umich.edu/archaeology-books. Order our books from the University of Michigan Press at www.press.umich.edu. For permissions, questions, or manuscript queries, contact Museum publications by email at [email protected] or visit the Museum website at lsa.umich.edu/ummaa.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My interest in Hispanic American medicinal herbs grew in part from assisting Richard I. Ford in his study of the ecology of San Juan Pueblo, a Tewa-speaking Indian group on the Rio Grande in northern New Mexico, which was funded by National Science Foundation Grant #659. In studying Pueblo Indian uses of plants it was necessary to examine Spanish-named plants and the interactions between the Pueblos and their Spanishspeaking neighbors. In the course of this research I became aware of several unpublished collections of Spanish-named plants, mostly at the University of Michigan Museum of Anthropology. The study of these collections, as well as my continuing fieldwork, has been supported by a Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research Museum Research Fellowship (Grant #1956-1829 plus a supplemental grant). Without the Foundation's continued appreciation for this project and understanding of unexpected delays these collections would have remained unstudied. These investigations were conducted under the guidance of Professor Volney H. Jones who gave permission to use the facilities and files of the Museum of Anthropology's Ethnobotanical Laboratory at the University of Michigan. Professor Jones, Dr. Carroll L. Riley, Dr. Anne Smith, and the late Dr. Edward P. Dozier kindly provided access to unpublished materials. Dr. Bertha Dutton, Dr. Alfonso Ortiz, Mr. and Mrs. Hugo Crowder, and many other friends and informants assisted in my fieldwork. Library and bibliographic assistance was provided by Dr. Nancie L. Gonzales and Mrs. Mary Bryan while Dr. Rogers McVaugh helped greatly with the botanical nomenclature. Miss Dorothy Kent and the late Miss Anne Avery supplied advice and encouragement and the former provided lodging in an ideal location for my fieldwork. Mr. Gary Clark assisted in the processing of the data, Mrs. Judith Hsieh, Ms. Dorothy Eckoff, Ms. Nancy Nowak, and Ms. Mary Hodge of the Museum of Anthropology of the University of Michigan as well as Ms. Lucinda Quackenbush provided secretarial services, and Mr. George Stuber contributed the map. Editing by Ms. Barbara Bluestone and Ms. Mary Coombs is greatly appreciated. Finally, my husban~ Dr. Richard I. Ford, has provided constant encouragement and invaluable assistance in all phases of this project.

iii

CAUTION!!! The various ethnic groups included in this study have These people many members who know and use herbal remedies. know the area in which they live very well and know where their relatives and teachers collected herbs and .how they used them. The use of wild plants as medicines involves little risk to these individuals, their families, and friends. Let me strongly caution others who are reading this report, however: plants of the same species growing in different areas may have different properties, with some having toxic effects; some parts of a particular species of plant may be safe to use while other parts are poisonous; some plants may be safe only at particular points in their life cycle; and, finally, it is at times quite difficult to distinguish a poisonous species from an edible one within Please seek the assistance of a qualified the same plant family. botanist to identify any wild plants before ingesting them.

v

TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements Caution

iii

v

Introduction

1

Knowledge Hierarchy of Medicinal Beliefs and Practices 4 Levels of Interaction Concluding Comments

7 9

Appendixes: A. The Volney H. Jones Collection

11

B.

The Lundell and Whiting Collection

C,

The Leslie A, Hhi.te Collection

D.

Juarez, Chihuahua Market Collection (Richard I. and Karen Cowan Ford)

E.

Herb Collection, Roybal's Store

F.

Glossary of Spanish-Named Medicinal Plants

G.

Botanical Name Dictionary

Bibliography

433

vii

381

15 71 75

81 115

INTRODUCTION Medicinal herb lore of Hispanic America, the area of Spanish settlement in the New World, has fascinated scholars and laymen for many years. A rich body of herb knowledge is to be found among the inhabitants of the northern part of this area. During the past 40 years a number of individuals have tapped this valuabl~ knowledge of plants and collected data on usage, and much of this remains unpublished. Several unpublished collections of herbs are housed in the Ethnobotanical Laboratory at the University of Michigan. These have been used in this study and will be briefly described here. In 1932 Volney H. Jones purchased a number of herbs from market vendors in Juarez, Chihuahua, Mexico. After collecting local names and information on use, he identified the specimens botanically (Appendix A). Two years later A. Whiting and C.C. Lundell obtained economic plants from markets and in the field in the Mexican states of San Luis Potosi and Nueva Leon. Usage data and Spanish names were collected and botanical identifications were made (Appendix B). Leslie A. White purchased samples of dried herbs, each labeled with a Spanish name, from a prescription druggist, B. Ruppe, in Albuquerque, New Mexico, in 1941 (Appendix C). Richard I. Ford and I purchased a portion of the inventory of an herb dealer in the Juarez market in 1965 for comparative purposes and to assist our work with Pueblo Indians in northern New Mexico. Names and uses were obtained and identifications were made (Appendix D). The Roybal's Store Collection (Appendix E), obtained by Karen Cowan Ford in 1966, includes names, information about sources, usages, and clientele, as well as botanical identifications. In addition, C. Riley and C. Trujillo (of Southern Illinois University) made available to me a manuscript (circa 1956) describing plants with names and medicinal uses from the Mexican states of Durango and Zacatecas. Finally, S. Schulman and A. Smith's research report (1962) included many Spanish-named herbs from northern New Mexico along with common English plant names and considerable usage data. All of these studies remain unpublished, but are included in my· glossary (Appendix F). The disparate nature of these studies prohibited full utilization without supplementing them with additional fieldwork in the northern part of the area, especially northern New Mexico. It has been my task to place this information in a wider social context and to assemble the data into a useful format for other scholars. In order to facilitate further study and specifically to create this format, a glossary (Appendix F) of Spanish-named medicinal herbs was compiled using the names and botanical identifications from the collections as well as several published works to add depth and geographical breadth. Particularly 1

2

KEY TO NEW MEXICO SEQUENCE 1 Chamito

2 Espan'ola 3 Jemez Springs 4 Taos COLORADO

5 Truchas 6Las Vegas 7 Santa Fe 8 Albuquerque

CALIFORNI ... ePhoenix

NEW MEXICO

TEX ... S

CHIHUAHUA

•

Chihuahua

0

I

50

100

loioMol MILES

Fig. 1. Geographical area under study.

3 significant sources covering regions within the area under study were Kelly (1965) on Coahuilla, Zingg (1932) on Chihuahua, Owen (1963) on Baja California, Robbins et al. (1916) and Curtin (1947) on New Mexico, and Pennington (1963~.• 1963£) on the Tepehuan and the Tarahumar. The fo.llowing, though from outside the area of major concern, were also used; Madsen (1965), Field (1953), and Redfield (1928), all on the Valley of Mexico. As it has developed, this glossary will serve as a useful reference for others interested in medicinal herbs.* Since this research was designed to analyze existing museum collections, these, in turn, delineated the geographical area to be considered, which extends from San Lufs Potosf to Baja California to northern New Mexico and includes all or part of the Mexican states of Nueva Leon, Coahuila, San Luf~ Potosf, Durango, Zacatecas, Chihuahua, Sonora, and parts of the American states of Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, Colorado, and California (see Fig. 1). This area includes the Rio Grande Valley and adjacent semi-arid uplands as well as the Chihuahuan and Sonoran deserts and semi-arid uplands to the east, south, and north. Despite its extent, fortunately, this region is a manageable unit of analysis from the perspective of herbal lore. Since folk medicine is known only superficially for some of this area, emphasis of necessity will be placed on the eastern two-thirds of the region. The Sonoran Desert and environs will only be dealt with tangentially. The culturally diverse inhabitants of this geographical area include various Indian tribes, mestizos, Hispanos (Spanishspeakers in the southwestern U.S. descended from seventeenth and eighteenth century settlers), Mexican-Americans, Chicanos, Blacks, Anglos, and commune groups. No systematic attempt has been made to study the herb lore of the various Indian tribes, but they have long intermingled with people of Spanish descent, exchanging plants and plant names; thus, groups such as the Tepehuan, Tarahumara, Pima, Keres, Tewa, and Tiwa are included in the study. Anglos in the southwestern United States have not been systematically included in my research but some, particularly those living in rural co~unes, have been indirectly observed, and a few brief comments will be included. For the most part the people involved with the herbs under study are Hispanos in the United States and mestizos in Mexico living in villages and urban centers. Over northern Hispanic America· these people share a heritage that includes folk Catholicism and herbal curing based on certain disease concepts, despite differences in economic pursuits. Within this area there is, however, considerable diversity of herbal knowledge, use, and procurement. Inhabitants of various areas have differential access to different plant habitats, * The Botanical Name Dictionary (Appendix G) facilitates retrieving information about plants when the Spanish name is not known.

4 e.g., desert, mountains. The history of individual locales within the area has varied in the extent of interaction among different cultural groups, e.g., Indian tribes, Anglos. Availability of Western culture -- medicine, stores, and religious groups -- has been differential. In any case, since the fund of medicinal information throughout the area precludes everyone being an expert and prevents any one person from knowing all, I hypothesize an hierarchy of knowledge about the medico-health system and about specific herbs and their uses. Moreover, by including individuals with differential knowledge we can distinguish levels of interaction through which information is exchanged and herbs are procured. In turn, the interactions at various levels contribute to the maintenance of similarity of medicinal practices over the area. It is my intention to delineate these hierarchies and levels of interaction through a discussion of disease concepts and herbs, their distribution, and uses. KNOWLEDGE HIERARCHY OF MEDICINAL BELIEFS AND PRACTICES Medicinal beliefs are intimately associated with ideas about the nature of the world. Disease concepts of Hispanic America range from those based on witchcraft, evil eye, or bad air to those claiming emotional origin, or organ displacement. Perhaps the most important ideas for our purposes are the belief in the balance of Nature and the fatalistic belief that "God's will" always prevails. The Hispano world consists of elements in balance: rich and poor, sacred and profane, light and dark, hot and cold. In order to remain in balance with one's surroundings one must do things in moderation so as not to disturb the balance. Illness may result when one's relationship with his external environment is altered abruptly, as when experiencing a shock or fright, as well as when one's body's internal balance between hot and cold is disturbed. The latter is very important for a study of medicinal plants as it underlies the system of classifying remedies as hot, cold, or in between -~his is an intrinsic quality of a food or medicine and has little to do with actual temperature. Ailments are also classified as hot or cold and a return to good health is sought through applying the appropriate type of remedy to achieve balance. Simplistically stated, for example, a hot ailment is treated with a cold remedy. Finally, belief in "God's will" as the ultimate cause of illness does not preclude efforts to help one feel better, but it does serve to divert harsh judgement if a cure apparently fails. Individuals have differential knowlege of ailments and cures as well as disease concepts. From a survey of the literature, and particularly from the author's fieldwork, it became apparent that most adults over the age of 40, and some younger persons, share an acquaintance with the hot-cold classificatory

5 system; that is, they can label some ailments and remedies as hot or cold and know that a hot ailment is treated with a cold remedy. It should be added that how a particular item is classed is highly idiosyncratic but knowing how the classification works facilitates interactions with other persons including curing specialists. Many adults are familiar with common disease concepts -- the specific definitions of which may vary from one locale to another-- such as evil eye (mal de ojo). This is usually a non-malicious, inherent condition of the afflicter which is responsible for certain symptoms, especially in chil·dren. Adults outside the immediate family or living unit are careful not to stare at a child, lest they arouse suspicions should the child become ill. Susto or espanto (fright) is a disease concept which many know about -- a frightening episode may cause an anxious emotional state which in turn produces symptoms such as breathing difficulties or stomach gas. Bad air (mal aire or aigre) is widely defined as too much heat or cold invading the body, sometimes from exposure to a dusty whirlwind or other unusual movement of air. This produces various symptoms such as facial twisting, tics, paralysis, dizziness, and headaches. Parents know that babies often suffer from fallen fontanel (caida de mollera), a state in which the fontanel is depressed from vigorous handling or exposure to cold air and the infant is quite ill. Children, and sometimes adults, are known to become afflicted with empacho, a condition in which blockage occurs, causing swelling, bloating and general gastrointestinal distress. This is often attributed to eating too much of certain foods, especially cold foods when one is hot from hard work or play. While laymen may not know specifics of diagnosis or treatment, they are familiar with these diseases and the underlying assumptions like the hot-cold continuum. Wh.en a disease such as the above rilentio.i:J.ed .is suspected they will usually seek the aid of a curing specialist, while minor ailments will be treated at home. At least a small number of herbal cures, magical charms, and ways to enlist the aid of saints are known to many, if not all, adults. Just as many Anglo-Americans have aspirin, cold tablets, stomach remedies, cough drops, rubbing alcohol, and Bandaids in their medicine cabinets, many Hispanos keep rose petals (Rosa de Castilla-- Rosa spp.) for sore throats, manzanila (Matricaria spp. or A~is sp.) for stomach upsets and colds, osha (Ligusticurn Porteri) for cuts, inrnortal (Asclepias capricornu) for various ailments, and alhucema (Lavandula sp.) for infants' stomachaches. Since the hot-cold classification does not really separate food from medicine, the kitchen is a natural extension of the medicine cabinet. The following items are useful for medicinal purposes: papas (potato slices) and nuez (nutmeg) for headache, canela (cinnamon) for headache and stomachache, albaca (sweet basil) for stomachache, and clavos (cloves) for toothache. Many persons know about and may' carry charms such as osha to keep snakes away, inrnortal for luck in

6 love, cachana (Liatris punctata) to protect against witches, and various religious medals. Beyond the almost universal medical kit described above, virtually every extended family has an older member, generac_ly a woman in most of the area considered here, who knows considerably more about specific symptoms and cures, and her advice is sought when a relative is ill. This individual usually knows several different remedies to try for a particular complaint and where to obtain these if they are not already collected and prepared for use. In the event of a more serious or a chronic ailment, help outside the family may be sought. Neighbors who have more or different remedies to offer are called upon and eventually a person recognized more widely as a specialist may be consulted. Specialists, known as medicas in northen New Mexico and curanderas in much of the remaining area under study, know considerably more about curing than the average villager as a result of one or more of the following: wider contacts, training by relatives who are (or were) specialists, or possession and use of published pharmacopoeias. Different types of specialists include in New Mexico, for example, a male (medico) specialist who often treats by massage and may be known as a salvador, or a woman specialist (medica) who may also be an accomplished midwife (paterna), although a woman may learn midwifery without becoming a specialist in other aspects of medicine. A specialist often is obvious as such because she or he is paid for goods, e.g., herbs, and services rendered. Some specialists in curing may also be considered witches (brujas) and most curers treat witchcraft-induced ailments; however, brujas often are not curers at all. Curing specialists in all areas utilize religious beliefs and practices to some extent but in certain areas they are involved in spiritualist practices (cf. Kelly 1965, Madsen 1965) and are affiliated with religious sects other than the folk Catholicism of the majority. While many individuals need not leave their home village or a neighboring village, some will travel considerable distances to seek curers of great reputation in another village or in an urban center. Curing specialists have greater knowledge of and are generally more articulate about disease theory and more adept at diagnosing ailments resulting from f:t.ight or evil eye, for example, than other people. While classification of ailments and herbal remedies into hot, cold,or in between categories may be idiosyncratic to the exr:ent that whether an item is hot or cold may vary from one specialist to another, the specialist, in comparison with others, can place items quickly and confidently into categories and use the system extensively in diagnosis and treatment. Specialists utilize more herbs than the average householder and their recipes for medicines are at times quite complicated and may require a number of ingredients, including herbs and other i terns, plus precise proc·edures to

7 follow in regard to treatment. Many descriptions of these recipes and treatments are to be found in the literature (Clark 1964, Madsen 1965, Kelly 1965) and are not our concern here. What is important for this study and should be emphasized is that the medicas represent the high point of the knowledge and usage hierarchy and are important nodes in a communication network that disseminates herbal knowledge. In conclusion it is instructive to note that in proceeding up the hierarchy of knowledge and usage, one finds first an individual with an ailment and perhaps a single plant remedy; his relative or neighbor may suggest one or two alternative plants to try; a specialist will often prescribe an exotic mixture of herbs. LEVELS OF INTERACTION Within this situation, where there exists a vast amount of medicinal herb information known collectively by individuals, as well as differential knowledge among individuals, we can distinguish several levels of interaction through which knowledge is exchanged and herbs procured. To better understand the spread of curing information and especially the spatial distribution of herbs it is useful to consider levels of personal interaction. These were alluded to in the previous section where mention was made of the strategy employed when an individual suffered from an ailment. Individual villagers interact with relatives and other nonspecialists as well as with medicas within their own village, in neighboring villages, and in urban centers. They also interact with priests who are frequently of nonlocal origin and may reside in and serve one village or may travel to several. Peddlers have long been present, especially in the southwestern United States, and often have provided relatively isolated villages with goods, including plants, and information originating from some distance away. In Mexico, markets offer a place for people to meet to exchange herbal curing information and to purchase herbs and other items for treatment. Finally, in the absence of markets, stores such as general stores and drugstores have become an important locus of herbs and curing information in the Southwest.* A more detailed look at herb sources, procurement, and distribution can be made by examining the potential contacts of an individual Hispano New Mexican. An adult, as mentioned previously, will have some knowledge of remedies for common ailments. Some of these may require such items as tax stamps from cigarette packs (to treat headache), but those requiring plants or plant products may be acquired in various ways. In and around the village he may collect wild herbs such as rosa de Castilla (Rosa spp., rose petals, for sore throat), cafia agria (Rumex ~nosepalus, roots, for teeth and gums), chimaja * In Mexico, too, various stores are outlets for herbs, but I have not personally studied these.

8 (Cyrnopterus spp., roots for food, leaves for stomachache as well as seasoning), malvas (Malvas spp., stems and leaves for childbirth and infants), poleo (Hedeoma nanum, stems and leaves for fever), yerba buena (Mentha spicata,~s and leaves for stomachache). Persons with gardens often plant from seed or transplant various herbs for home use including marrubio (Marrubium vulgare), yerba buena, poleo, albaca, oregano (Monarda menthaefolia), altamisa (Artemisia franserioides or Tanacetum vulgare), azafran (Carthamus tinctorius), cilantro (Coriandrum sativum), and occasionally osh~. Picnics in the mountains are a very popular recreation and provide convenient access to wild herbs native to higher elevations, usually some distance from house and garden, as well as herbs that grow in greater abundance in these locales. Sabina macho (Juniperus communis, needles and berries for urinary disorders), and the aforementioned osha, altamisa, and oregano are often gathered on these occasions. Other herbs are more often purchased from peddlers, travelers, or from stores in the form of bundles of plant parts or seeds to plant: osha, inmortal, contrayerba (Kallstroemia californica), cachana, yerba del manse (Anemopis californica), punche (Nicotiana rustica), manzanilla, alhucema, cascara sagrada (Rhamnus ~ornica), ruda (Ruta graveolen). romero (Rosmarinus officinalis)~-·te de sena (Cassia sp.). Of these, only the first five are locally available wild, and in fact, stores import others from considerable distances. In the past, peddlers carried these latter items up the Rio Grande from Mexico. Friends or relatives who travel can often be important sources for herbs -- there is frequent contact between the people of northern New Mexico and those of Mexico. One example of this is a woman, not a medica, native of Nueva Leon who lives in northern New Mexico. When she visits her family in Mexico, she takes orders for herbs from fr±erids in northern New Mexico, fills them through an herb dealer, and b~ings them back to her friends. The herbs are packaged in brown paper bags with notations as to the ailment which the contents of each should cure. A few individuals order specific herbs, such as azahar (Citris sp.), but most only ask her to get something that is good for a particular ailment and then reorder if they are satisfied. It is my impression that many people in northern New Mexico know someone, perhaps even an anthropologist, who travels to Mexico on occasion and will purchase herbs for them. This type of interaction is not uncommon. In Mexico the markets are an important source of herbs and curing information as people meet there regularly to buy and sell food, household items, and medicinal herbs. Herb vendors usually are quite knowledgeable about curing, but generally are not considered curanderos. One vendor may sell many different items, fresh in season or dried. An example is a man who has a stall in the Mercado Cuauatemoc in Juarez, Chihuahua (see Appendix D). On the occasion of a visit in May, 1965, he had available nearly 150 herbs as well as a number of patent medicines. In a 10 minute period he made at least 10 sales. Of

9 the 150 herbs, approximately 30 are commonly used in northern New Mexico. Most of these are known by the same name in both locations but a few are known by the dealer to have more than one name, e.g., yerba del manzo = babiza, osha= chuchupate. The vendor provided uses for most of the herbs and could prescribe when asked. Vendors in markets generally could be considered low level specialists but probably lack the knowledge of a curandera and seldom offer exotic mixtures or complex procedures. Furthermore, they are not really sanctioned as curers within the community and would not be consulted for diagnoses. Market situations such as this are not generally found in the United States, although individual entrepeneurs do seize opportunities such as fiestas and art fairs to sell herbs. In the Southwest, stores, especially drug stores, have become very important sources of herbal medicines in small towns as well as in the cities of the area as urbanization has tended to remove many people from rural living and the plant world. Drugstores and general stores obtain herbs from various sources. Many buy stock from local collectors and cultivators and mail order from specialty companies. Stores are herb sources for ordinary individuals as well as specialists and often a clerk, pharmacist, or other employee has considerable knowledge of herbal curing, and can assist a customer with purchases appropriate to his or her ailment. While many stores, such as San Juan Mercantile of San Juan Pueblo, New Mexico (until July 1973 when it was destroyed by fire), and Fairview Pharmacy of Espanola, have only a few herbs for sale, others carry a large supply. Among these are Ruppe's drugstore in Alhuqnerque (White 1941, see Appendix C), which carried at least 23 herbs in 1941, Pueblo Drug and Valley Drugs in Espanola, New Mexico, which carry 60-80 different herbs, and a few, such as Tienda de la Salud in Santa Fe, which specialize in herbs to the extent that all other merchandise is secondary to the herbal business. Perhaps the best known of these stores was Roybal's Store, 1917-1968 (see Appendix E). In addition to drugstores, health food stores, flourishing especially since the late 1960s, carry herbs. Thus an individual need not plant or collect his own herbs for medicine as the most common and popular ones are readily available for purchase. These stores serve many individuals over a wide area bounded roughly by Taos on the north, Las Vegas on the east, Jemez Springs on the west, and Albuquerque on the south. They are a very important locus of distribution for herbs and curing knowledge. CONCLUDING COMMENTS Interaction of individuals in many different situations accounts for the exchange of information and herbs over a wide area and up and down the hierarchy. A brief discussion about the efficacy of the remedies, the need for different strategies of

10 herb procurement, and the acceptance of new curing information is appropriate. One could list many different remedies for any one common ailment such as stomachache. This is the case for a number of reasons, and if one item is not available, because it is out of season, or climatic ~onditions are inappropriate, another can be used. If one item does not cure, an alternative can be tried; if one cure helps somewhat, two or three might be even better. Or, if a remedy fails to cure, the diagnosis may be in error. Also, conveniently, the religious belief that "God's will" prevails means that if an ailment fails to be cured by a particular remedy, it does not prove the inefficacy of the herb but only the stubbornness of the ailment, i.e., God wills that one be sick. Meanwhile, it is useful to try anything that might help one to feel better. A further result of this belief is that curing specialists are not generally boycotted for an occasional failure to effect a cure. (It should also be noted that renowned curers select patients with care and often refuse to treat hopeless cases.) Moreover, while few, if any, herbs do harm when properly used (except in occasional cases where their use delays the acquisition of other essential medical aid), there is no doubt that many herbal remedies contain essential nutrients including minerals and vitamins, which very likely assist in the acquisition of good health. Other plants may have value as drugs in the Western medical sense but few have been investigated to determine their pharmacological properties. While some ailments may alleviate without treatment, herbal remedies aid the healing process through physiological and psychological means. The personal testimony of a friend is sufficient reason to accept a-new remedy. Shared disease concepts offer an avenue of acceptance, i.e., if two persons understand evil eye sickness, then one can often convince the other to use a new remedy. Shared classifications such as hot-cold serve similarly as when an individual recognizes he is suffering a stomachache from eating cold foods, another person may convince him to try an unfamiliar herb if the former classifies it as hot and therefore potentially efficacious for a cold ailment. Thus shared beliefs allow new remedies to be accepted and the many loci of interaction keep the information moving, potentially increasing and expanding herbal knowledge and use among indivi~uals at any level of the hierarchy. In conclusion, it may seem incongruous that in this day of modern medicine folk cures are still popular. In fact, the presence of medical facilities in urban areas does not guarantee use and the inability of professional medical practitioners to attract and deal effectively with the Hispano population in the United States helps perpetuate folk medicine. Western medicine lacks- cures for folk diseases, and for common ailments such as colds as well as serious, often fatal diseases, such as cancer and heart disease. There is not only still a place for herbal remedies, but they should not be treated with indifference or

l.Oa

condecension by the medical profession. Rather, they should be better understood and accepted as supplementary, complementary, or even substitute treatments. Interestingly, there is also an interest among some educated individuals (several middleaged women of my acquaintance) in collecting and preserving herbal curing information from relatives both as a hobby and for potential pecuniary reward via possible sale of published material or from the discovery of new miracle drugs extracted from local plants. Finally, the past few years have witnessed a growing trend toward the use of "natural" foods and medicines among non-Spanish individuals, especially Anglos, some of whom live in communes. While this may be of little or no consequence on the Mexican side of the border, this interest and use may favor the continued use of medicinal herbs among all ethnic groups in the southwestern United States for an indefinite period.

APPENDIX A The Volney H. Jones Collection Juarez, Chihuahua, 1932 While in the Southwest United States on a plant collecting trip for the Ethnobotanical Laboratory of the University of Michigan, Volney H. Jones purchased economic plants at the market in Juarez. Items were obtained for the comparative collections at the University of Michigan. Jones purchased specimens from five or six dealers and obtained data about usage through an interpreter. Upon his return to Ann Arbor, he catalogued them and identified them botanically when possible. This information appears on the following pages. Appendix D also pertains to Juarez and the comparison is interesting.

11

14641 14111

?Quas§ia

Erthyrina flabelliformis

Loesilia coccines Brand.

Bavisa (see Yerba Man sa)

Cafiahuala

Cafiaigre

Comino

Cuasia

Frijilito

Guachichile or Huichichili or Wachichile

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

h~enoseEalus

~

L.

Cuminum cyminium

Rumex Torr.

Notholaena sinuata var. integerrima Hook.

14120

bundle of stems and leaves

beans

small pieces of wood

fruit

dried roots

14104 14119

bundle of plants

seeds

no specimen

Specimen

14115

14118

3.

Pimpinel[a (anisum?)

Anise

14121

2.

unidentified

Catalog Number

Amole

Botanical Name

1.

Spanish Name

Fever and colds: plant used to make tea which is drunk and bathed in

Stomach upset from anger: soak in water and drink liquid

Food: used in sausage

Stomach medicine and blood tonic

Stomach medicine: an infusion is made

Wine making; on bread

Washing hair or clothes: dissolve in hot water

Use

[\)

1-'

14103

Matricaria sp.

unidentified

Juglans sp.

11. Manzanilla

12. Matariqui

13. Nogal

bundle of stems with leaves beans of the plant

14113 14114

14107

unidentified

unidentified

Tamarindus indica

16. Romero

17. Seniso

18. Tamarind

bundle of herb

bundle of stems

14108

bundle of herb

Ephedra antisyphilitica Meyer

14112

15. Popoti11o

14.

Cunila longiflora

herbarium specimen

roots

bundle of whole plants

stems, leaves, and fruit

Pol~o

14117

14116

14109

Plantagq major L.

10. Lauten

Beverage: dissolve beans in water and add sugar. Flavoring: e.g., ice cream

Stomach medicine: an infusion is made

Stomach medicine: an infusion of the stems is mixed with lemon or orange juice and sugar

Beverage: a drink for babies is made from it

Blood tonic: infusion of the boiled leaves

Kidney disorders: roots are boiled and the liquid used

Stomach tonic: infusion is made

Cuts: used as a poultice, wash wounds and then apply

f-'

w

bundle of stems with leaves

14106

Lippia nodiflora

22.

bundles of grass

14105

citratus

C~bopogon

leaves and flowers

14102

Cirsium undulatum (Nutt.)Spreng.

20. Lleva del Sapo

21. Zacate de limon

bundle of plants

14110

---

Anemopsis californica (Nut t. ) Hook.and Arn.

Specimen

19. Yerba Mansa

Catalog Number

Botanical Name

Spanish Name

Beverage: boil leaves in water

Fever: used for making a drink and for bathing

Boils: infusion used as a wash

Use

.(::""

I-'

APPENDIX B The Lundell and Whiting Collection, 1934 In 1934 the University of Michigan Herbarium conducted an expedition to Mexico.

Cyrus Longworth Lundell, then Curator of

Phanerogams, and Alfred Whiting, then a graduate student in botany, collected economic plants at Charcas, San Lufs Potosf, and Monterrey, Nueva Leon.

Food and medicinal plants were obtained in local

markets; assistants then helped to find herbarium specimens of the same plants in the field.

These specimens are available in the

Ethnobotanical Laboratory at The University of Michigan Museum of Anthropology.

Lundell and Whiting identified the plants and col-

lected some data on usage.

Their notes were used to compile the

following charts which list the plants by Spanish name and include the Ethnobotanical Laboratory catalog number, type of specimen, source, and use.

In most instances a question mark reflects the

notation Whiting and Lundell used on their data sheets.

I added a

very few question marks in cases where the original source was unclear or illegible.

These charts include the complete collection.

Many of the items included here are entered in the Spanish-name Glossary (Appendix F).

Plants were not included if both usage and

Latin name were lacking.

15

Charcas, enclosed hillside Charcas? Monterrey

no specimen

no specimen no specimen

W752

W597

Pellaea cordata (Cav.) J. Sm. (Maxon)

Oxalis leonis ------

Alamo

2.

3.

Char cas

Charcas, enclosed hillside

bundle of whole plants

bundles of stems with leaves and flowers no specimen

W943 14913 15656 15108

15248 14986

W569

unidentified

Scutellaria

Cowania plicata D. Don.

Medicago sativa L. (AFW?)

Albacar

Alejandria

Alfalfa

4.

5.

Charcas, mountain side

Charcas, damp ground

no specimen

W676

Charcas, enclosed hillside

no specimen

Oxalis sp. (AFW?)

--

W663

Oxalis albicans H.B.K. (AFW?)

Agrito

Location or Source

1.

Specimen

Catalog Number

Botanical Name

Spanish Name

For (the) heads

Use

!--' 0\

Alfilerillo

Alfilerillo

Almorrana

Alta Misa

6.

7.

8.

9.

Medicinal herb

Monterrey

Charcas plain

bundle of stems with leaves, flowers and pressed whole plant

pressed whol,e plant without root

15618 15069

W725 14870 15357

W767 15357

unidentified

Zaluzania triloba (Ort.) Pers. (AFW?)

Zaluzania triloba (Ort.) Pers. (AFW?)

West of San Diego

Gargle when the throat is closed. Boiled and liquid used

Char cas

mass of roots, stems, leaves

15255 14993

Acalypha hederaceae Torr. Erodium cicutarium (L~ L'Her.

Used to make gargle for sore throat

Charcas, low land once inhabited

pressed who :I.e plant

W674 14866

Erodium cicutarium (L.) L 'H€r.

Sore throat

Charcas, enclosed hillside

mounted pressed whole plant

W900 14889

Erodium cicutarium (L;) 1 'Her. (C.V. Morton)

~

15647 15098 W898 14887 also 15125

1avandula sp.

Galpinsia hortwegi (Bent h.) Britton (AFW?) also identified as Oenothera Greggii var. Pringelei Munz. (C.V. Morton)

14. Amapola

·15028 14948

L5695b 15147

15717 15170

unidentified

Franseria confertifolia Parthenium lxratum

W671 15206

W867 14881 15357

Catalog Number

Parthenium lyratum Gray (AFW?)

Zaluzania triloba (Ort.) Pers. (AFW?)

Botanical Name

13. Alurema (Alucema?)

12. Altamisa de Castilla

11. Al tamisa del Campo

10. Altimisa

Spanish Name

pressed whole plant without root-

flowers

all but root

bundles of stems with leaves, flowers

bundle of stems with leaves, flowers

Specimen

Charcas, enclosed hillside

Monterrey

Saltillo

Charcas land once inhabited

Charcas plain

Location or Source

Boil in water good for cough

Stomachache

Use

OJ

1-'

stems, leaves also, pressed whole plant bundle of stems with leaves, pressed plant

15639 15090 15567 15056

15610 15061

Pimpinella anisum

unidentified

18. Anis Chico

19. Apio

W911 14895

seeds

mounted pressed whole plant

Houstonia acerosa Gray (C.V. Morton)

17. Angrelitas

W947 14917

Prunus armeniaca (1) (C11)

pieces of roots

16. Amarrio

W5247 14985

all but root

unidentified

15125 (W898)

Galpinsia hartwegi (Benth.) Britton

15. Amargo

W566

unidentified

For bathing: boil in water and bathe with water; good for inflammation, ?neuralgia Boiled. Food and medicinal herb

Monterrey

Good for restrained urine

Small, round, yellow edible fruit

Medicinal plant

Boil in water, good for cough

Boil in water, good for cough

Char cas

Monterrey

Charcas, enclosed hillside

Orchard near Char cas

Charcas

Char cas

Charcas, enclosed hillside

I-'

'-()

Charcas, lowland

W790

W672

15632 15083

Gaillardia Mervosa Rydb. (AFW?) (sic)

Bouteloua gracilis (H.B.K.) Lag. (A.S. Hitchcock)

Citris (C. sinensis?) - --

21. Artizuilla or Artiguilla

22. Azahar de Naranjo

Monterrey

Plateau west San Diego

W679

Gaillardia nervosa Rydb. (AFW?)

flower petals

Charcas, enclosed hillside

W912 14896

Gaillardia nervosa Rydb. (S.F. Blake)

~·closed

bundles of whole plant

L5269a 15007

Charcas, hillside

Location or Source

Grindelia oxylepis Greene

Specimen

several whole plants

---

Catalog Number

15675 15127

Botanical Name

Aplopappus spinulosus var. turbinellus (Rydb) Blake

20. Arnica

Spanish Name

Flowers of a citris

For curing wounds; the flowers are placed in alcohol

For wounds

Flowers in alcobol for wound

Use

0

/\)

Medicinal herb

Monterrey bundle of stems with leaves, flowers

15716 15169

unidentified

26. Betonia

Boil in water as substitute for castor oil. Laxative Charcas, rocky slope

pressed plant with stems; leaves, flowers

W921 14905

Porophyllum filiforme Rydb. (S .F. Blake)

25. Benna Dia

Medicinal

Char cas

fruit husk

15568 15057

Cocos nucifera L.

24. Barba de eoco

Leaves used for excited animals For skin eruptions a small leaf is held between the fingers and rubbed on the skin. Also for curing animals, small leaf and beat with water, and apply

W906 14894

Clematis Drummondii (C.V. Morton)

Charcas, enclosed hillside Charcas, enclosed hillside

pressed plant with stem, leaves, flower

W661

Clematis Drumondii T. and G. (AFW?)

23. Barba de Chivo

/\)

f-'

bundles of stems with leaves, flowers

15682 15134

W574 15080 L5652b 15104

Borago officinale

Sonchus oleraceus L. (AFW?)

5 names listed: CaesalEinia crista .Condalia obovata Haematoxxlum brasilet.to .!!_. camEechianum H. Boreale

30. Brazfl

bundles of stems with leaves, flowers

15412 15027

Borage officinale

vial of small chips of wood

seedpods

29. Borraja

15702 15154

Guazuma ulmifolia

leaves

Specimen

28. Bolitas Qua sima

15614 15065

Catalog Number

Bougainvillea spectabilis

Botanical Name

27. Bogambilia

Spanish Name

Charcas, enclosed hillside

Monterrey

Fever medicine

Medicinal for gonorrhea

Monterrey Char cas

For cough, boiled with other herbs

Use

Monterrey

Location or Source

1\) 1\)

Leaf placed over a wound

San Diego

W920 14904 15687 15139

15216 14954

Gnaphalium semiamElexicaule LC. (CLL)

fern

unidentified

35. Calampacate

36. Canaguala

37. Candeliya or Candelilla

bundles of stems and pressed plant

bundle of stems with leaves and pressed plant

Charcas

For bladder trouble

Medicinal herb

Squash fruit to eat

Charcas market

Wl006 14923

C. muschata (M.R. Gilmore)

Monterrey

Flowers for soup

Charcas market

W1005 14922

Cucurbita sp. (C.V. Morton)

34. Calabasa

several roots

15700 15152

unidentified

33. Cachan

bundles of whole plants

15704 15156

unidentified

32. Cabesona

Charcas shrub

W550 15128

stachya (Orteg.) Sarg. (CLL)

E~senhardtia ~-

31. Bura Dulce

[\)

w

W587 L5166 W585 14854 15167

Cupressus benthamii Encll. (CLL)

Lippia triphylla (L'Her.) Kuntze (CLL)

43. Cedro

44. Cedron

pressed plant with stem, leaves, flowers

For colic in women, boil in water Charcas

Charcas, near corn field

W764

Allium scaposum Bent h.

42. Cebollita del Campo

Cultivated

Charcas, near corn field

W605

Hordeum wlgare

41. Cebada

Bulb eaten

For washing wounds and boils of animals

Use

Char cas

Charcas, enclosed hillside

W571

Argemone ~ceras Link and Otto (AFW)

40. Cardo Santo

L.

Charcas, protected hillside

W492

Milla biflora Cav. (C. V. Morton)

Char cas

Location or Source

39. Carcoma

bundles of stems with leaves and pressed plant

Specimen

L5416 15031

Catalog Number

unidentified

Botanical Name

38, Capitanejo

Spanish Name

1\)

+

15705 15158

triphylla (1'Her.) Kuntze

unidentified

unidentified

Capsicum frutesL. ·cayenne Group (AFW)

46. Charrsasquill a

47. Chia

48. Chili Perrana, Chili, Chili Cascabel

~

Wl008 14925

W940 14910

bundle of stems with leaves and )!res sed plant

15649 15100

triphylla (1' Her.) Kuntze

bundle of thorny stems with leaves and flowers

bundles of stems with leaves and pressed plant

15418 15033

1ipp~a

1ipp~a

bundle of stems with leaves

15025 14945

1ipp~a

triphylla (1'Her.) Kuntze

45. Cedron de Castilla

Charcas market

Charcas, broken ground

Monterrey

Monterrey

Charcas

Saltillo

For colic

For colic, boiled and taken for colic mixed with fuicle

Boiled and taken as a drink in treating colic

1\)

V1

To give appetite

Char cas

Charcas

Plateau near San Diego

bundles of whole plants few roots and pressed plant dry stems with an occasional root pressed whole plant without root

W5249 14987 153499

15242 14980

W870 14884

unidentified

Tagetes sp.

Psoralea pentophylla L. (C. V. Morton)

52. Cimonillo

53. Cinco Yagay

54. Contra Yerba

Root peeled and eaten for stomach trouble

For flavoring soup

Charcas market

Wl004 14921

Coriandrum sativum (AFW)

Charcas, enclosed hillside

51. Cilantro

pressed root, stem and seeds

W914 14898

Soup and flavoring

Use

unidentified

Charcas market

Location or Source

50. Chilito Pajarito

Specimen

Wl007 14924

Catalog Number

Capsicum frutescens L. Perfection Group (AFW)

Botanical Name

49. Chili verde

Spanish Name

[\) (}\

chips of wood

bundles of stems with leaves

15691 15143

W1089 14938 see 5251 15651 15102

unidentified

unidentified

Adiantum capillus veneris 1.

60. Crespa

61. Cuacia

62. Culantrillo

stems with leaves and flowers

bundles of stems

15250 14988

Physalis ?J2ubescens

Monterrey

Monterrey

Char cas

Char cas

Physalis ?costomall J2Ubescen.

59. Costomate

Charcas

pieces of roots

15654 15106

unidentified

58. Corteza de Mesquite

pieces of bark

W1088 14937

15415 15030

POJ2Ulus sp.

57. Corteza de Alamo Blanco

small rocks in vial

Monterrey

15643b 15094

unidentified

56. Copal Goma

small roots strung toget her

strips of bark

15224 14962

list of 10 names likely -- Psoralea pentaphylla (W870)

55. Contrayerba

Boiled medicinal herb

Medicinal

[\) -.:j

Eat fruit For loose teeth Good for indigestion or empacho, boiled in water Stomach trouble. Boiled in water

Charcas Monterrey Charcas, enclosed hillside

Charcas, enclosed hillside

W942 14912 15665 15117 W649 15138

W939 15138 14909

Picus carica (L) (C11) - -

Quercus sp. ?

I!uddleia scordiodes H.B.K. -(CLL)

Buddleia scordiodes H.B.K. (CLL)

65. Egara

66. Ensino

67. Escobilla

68. Escobillo

pieces of bark

Small, round, green fruit eaten

Orchard near Charcas

W946 14916

unidentified

Monterrey

For retarded period in women. Boiled in water and taken

64. Durazno

roots

Charcas

Use

15664 15116

bundles of stems with leaves

15422 15037

Adiantum capillus veneris L.

Location or Source

PterocarEus ~Eulceusis Rose

Specimen

Catalog Number

Botanical Name

63. Drago

Spanish Name

CP

f\)

15643c 15094 W567

unidentified

Asphodelus fistulosus 1. (C.V. Morton)

72. Estoraque

73. Estrella del norte

W549 14853

Ipomea sp. (AFW) W785

L5434 15049

Ipomoea sp.

unidentified

15434b 15049

l:pomoea sp .

71. Estafiate see also Istafiate

15218 14956

Ipomoea sp.

70. Espanto vaquero

---

15238 14976

Buddleia scardiodes H.B.K.

69, Escobillo salvilla

vial of rocks

flower

bundles of stems with leaves and flowers

a large root

several chunks of root

bundles of stems with leaves and flowers

Charcas, enclosed hillside

West San Diego shrub

Charcas, inhabited area

Charcas

Charcas

Char cas

Char cas

Good for susto and fright

For kidneys and lungs

For kidneys and lungs

Kidney and urinary troubles. Pains in the shoulder

Constipation and bad stomach

f\) 'f)

Charcas

Monterrey

flowers in packets flowers

flowers

15413 15029 L543la L543lb 15046 15636 15087

unidentified

Cirsium undulatum Gray

Centaurea americana Nutt.

79. Flor de Cananita

80. Flor de Cardo Santo

For cough: boiled and drunk Charcas

flowers and leaves

15430 15045

Bougainvillea s12ectabilis

78. Flor de Bougainbilla

Medicinal herb (cough)

flowers

15621 15072

Hibiscus syriacus

77. Flor Altea

With other herbs for cough

Use

Monterrey

seeds

15417 15032 15638 15089

?Arracacia atropurpureus Anethum foeniculum Foeniculum: Conium ---

76. Flor de .Acocotiyo or Acocotillo bigger seeds

seed pod

15626 15077

Monterrey

Location or Source

unidentified

75. Fistola

Specimen leaves

Catalog Number 15619 15070

Eucaluptus sp.

Botanical Name

74. Eucalita

Spanish Name

0

w

15627 15078

15253 14991

Melia azedarach? Pithosporum tobira Syringa vulgaris 1.

unidentified

5 names listed: Acacia Eerlandieri CeEhalanthus salifolium ChiloEsis linearis Forestiera (?) tomentosa ~aris flexnosa

Cordia boisieri (sp?)

Yucca sp.

83. Flor de Lita

84. Flor de Manzanilla

85. Flor de Mimbre

86. Flor de Nacahiula

87. Flor de Palma, or Flor de Palma Chino

15276 15014

15646 15097

15225 see 15661 14963

15425 15040

Sanvitalia ocymoides D.c.

82. Flor de un D.ia

15254 14992

Rosa sp. (!_. centifolia?)

81. Flor de Castilla

flowers

flowers and a few leaves

flowers

flowers

leaves, flowers

bundles of whole plants

flowers

Charcas

Monterrey

Monterrey

Char cas

Charcas

For strong cough

Flowers of cultivated rose (?). Boiled and liquid used for enema

1-'

w

Bouvardia longiflora

89. Flor de San Juan

Charcas, plain shrub

W726 L5298 14871

Larrea tridentata (D C. ) Coville (CLL)

93. Gobernadora

l'ressed, stem (branch) with leaves flowers

Charcas, enclosed hillside

W648 L5141

Mimosa biuncifera Benth. (CLL)

92. Garavatillo

Saltillo

bundles of stems with leaves, flowers

L5024 14944

Sambucus mexicana Presl

91. Flor de Saugua

Monterrey

flowers

Sambucus mexicana Presl

L5629 15080

Char cas

Location or Source

flowers

flowers on stems with some leaves

whole plant

Specimen

L5667 15119

L5421 15036

L5409 15024

Catalog Number

90. Flor sauco

apocinas hypoleaca (?)

~acrosiphonia

Selaginella

Botanical Name

88. Flor de Pefia

Spanish Name

For the stomach: boil and drink

To relieve cough

For cough, used with other herbs

Use

w 1\)

96. Gordolobo

95. Golondrinc>

94. Gobernadora

L5622 15073

Euphorbia

L5256 14994

L5228 14966

Euphorbia sp.

Gnaphalium semiamplexicaule

W639 14859

L5230 14968

Larrea tridentata (DC) Coville

Dichonclr.a. argentea H.B.K.

L566la 15ll3

Larrea tridentata (DC) Coville

bundles of stems with leaves and flowers

Char cas

l:argles, cough

Medicinal herb

Monterrey

bundles of stems with leaves and flowers

Medicinal herb

Char cas

bundles of stems with leaves and flowers

For all kinds of pains in the stomach: boil in water

Market herb. Medicinal

Charcas, enclosed hillside

Charcas

Monterrey

pressed stems with leaves and flowers

bundles of stems with leaves and flowers

bundles of stems with leaves and flowers

w

w

Charcas

seedpods

15223 14961

Guazuma ulmifolia

A

101. Guaccimas

Charcas, transect

Char cas

Charcas, plain shrub

bundles of whole plants and pressed plant

San Diego

W713

15217 14955

mounted root stem, leaves, package of (seeds?)

Monterrey

Location or Source

unidentified

Grami-

W918 14902

bundles of stems with leaves and flowers

Specimen

100. Granjano

Grangene

99.

Family: neae

-

15648 15099

Catalog Number

W607

Grama

98.

identification not practical, possible Eupatorium or Brickellia

Gnaphalium sp.

Botanical Name

Ephedra aspera Eng elm. (AFW?)

Gordo Lobo

97.

::ipanish Name

For urinary troubles. Boiled with other herbs

Urinary system

No use known to informant

Medicinal herb

Use

~

w

Monterrey

bundles of stems with leaves and flowers bundles of whole plants large pieces of woody stem some bark peeled off nuts

bundles of stems with ieaves·and pressed plant

15655 15107

15426 15041 15708 15161

15052

15261 1526lb 14999

1oesilia coccinea Brand

1oeselia coerulea Don

Guaiacum Coulteri Guaiacum Zigafilas Guaiacum guatemalas Palermi etc.

Pithecoctenium echinatum Schl.

unidentiUed

103. Guachichiligo

104. Guayacan

105. Gueso de Marnell

106. Hinojo

Charcas

Charcas

Charcas

Charcas

bundles of stems with leaves and flowers

15220 14958

1oesilia coccinea Brand

102. Guachichile

To cause sweat in bathing. Used with other herbs.

Good for curling hair: grind and beat with vigor and rub in the hair

w

V1

bundles of stems with leaves and pressed plant leaves

bundles of stems with leaves and flowers bundles of stems with leaves and flowers

L5408 15023

L5641 15092

L5244 14982

L5674 15126

List of 3 names: CaesalEinia ~stemma DC. Cassia covesii Gray Flourensia cernua -DC.

Flourensia cernua --DC.

Flourensia cernua --DC.

108. Rojas de Sen

109. Rojase

stems and leaves

bundle of stems, leaves

Specimen

L5684 15138

15099

---

Catalog Number

Jusla,ns sp •

Botanical Name

107. Rojas de Nogal

Spanish Name

Char cas

Char cas

Monterrey

Location and Source

To increase or give strengh to the blood

Medicinal

To cause sweat in bathing. Used with other herbs

Use

0\

w

15643d 15094 Wl087 14936 15694 15146

15681 15133

15670b 15122

unidentified

Aristolochia anguisida Aristolochia foelida

Anethum graveolens

unidentified

unidentified

111. Incienso

112. Indio

113. Ineldo

114. Inj erto de Mesquite or Grijente de Mesquite

115. Ipasote de Comer

(sp??)

W915 15190 14899

Acacia farnesiana (1.) Willd. (C11)

110. Huisache

bundle of whole plants without roots and pressed plant

stems and leaves

bundle of stems with leaves and seeds

pieces of root

little rocks in vial

Monterrey

Monterrey

Charcas, enclosed hillside

Medicinal herb

The mature fruit contains ink which can be used for writing

lJJ -..:]

Parosela caudata Rydb. (C11)

120. Javonsillo or Jaronsillo

W565

15713 15166

unidentified

119. Jasmin

flowers Charcas, enclosed hillside

Char cas

bundles of stems

15215 14953

EEhedra as:2era Eng elm.

bundles of stems with leaves and flowers

15673 15125

Artemisia

118. Itamo Rial

Char cas

bundles of whole plants

15243 14981

Artemisia mexicana Willd.

117. Istafiate

Charcas

bundles of stems and flowers

15259 14997

Cheno:2odium sp.

116. Ipasote Sarrillo

Location or Source

Specimen

Spanish Name Catalog Number

Botanical Name

Bladder trouble. Boiled with other herbs

Toasted, powdered, and given to babies mixed with breast milk

For chills after getting wet. Boil and drink.

Use

(X)

w

Charcas, in water

Charcas

pressed plant with stem, leaves and flowers bundles of whole plants

W705 14869

15240 14978

Rumex mexicanus Meisn. (AFW?)

Dyssodia pentachaeta (De.) Robinson

125. Lengua de Vaca

126. Limoncillo

For washing as with soap: the root is used for washing clothes, dishes and one's self

W832

Plain below Mt. Aguila

Agave ~er~lexans (Trelease)

124. Leihuguilla Mans a

Medicinal herb

Charcas

stems (branches) with leaves

15428 15043

Litsea pringlei Bartlett

123. Laurel

For constipation

For constipation

Charcas

bundles of stems with leaves and flowers (seeds)

15235 14973

Plantago major L.

122. Lanten

For bath to cause sweat and fried in grease and applied to wounds

Char cas

bundles of stems with leaves and a few flowers

15263 15001

unidentified

121. Judica?

w \D

Zinnia pumila Gray

129. Manzanilla del campo

130. Manzanilla castilla

W675

unidentified

128. Malva

Monterrey

bundle of stems with leaves, flowers and pressed plant

15672 15124

Charcas

Char cas

Location or Source

Charcas

bundles of whole plants

bundles of stems with leaves, flowers and pressed plant

bundle of stems with ieaves, flowers

Specimen

W733

15270 15008

15569 15058

L5668 15120

---

Catalog Number

Solanum rostratum

Botanical Name

127. Mala Mujer

Spanish Name

Medicinal herb

Boiled in water, used in washing wounds

Use

0

+='"

Char cas

Monterrey

pressed stems with leaves, flowers bundles of stems with leaves, flowers bundles of stems with leaves, flowers

W897 14886

W862 14877

15245 14983

15690 15142

unidentified shrub

:E'arthenium incanum H.B.K.

Parthenium incanum H.B.K.

133. Mariola

pressed stems with leaves, flowers Charcas plain

Charcas, enclosed hillside

Saltillo market

unidentified

bundle of dry stems with the remains of leaves, flowers

15027 14947

Charcas market

132. Manzanilla Loco

bundles of stems with leaves, flowers

15252 14990

unidentified

131. Manzanilla

Bitters-, for stomach trouble

Colic

Boiled and taken

~

I-'

W655 14863 15144

Prosopis chilensis (Mol.) Stuntz (AFW?)

137. Mesquite

bundles of whole plants without roots

15659 15111

unidentified

136. Menta

Charcas

bundles of stems with leaves and pressed

15236 14974

un:i;dentif;ied

W902 14891

Marrubium vulgare L.

135. Mejorana

Charcas, enclosed hillside

pressed whole plant

W536

Charcas, enclosed hillside

Charcas inhabited area

Monterrey

Marrubium vulgare L. (AFW)

bundles of stems with leaves and flowers

L5696b 15148

---

Marrubium vulgare L.

Location or Source

134. Marrubio

Specimen

Catalog Number

Botanical Name

Spanish Name

For constipation and to give appetite

For rheumatism, for sleep, for fright. For fright place the plant under mattress.

"For frights"

Use

+="' 1\)

W673 14865 W949 14919

W696

Salvia chamaedryoidecav.(AFW?)

unidentified

unidentified

142. Mirto

143. Misto

144. Misto del Campo

unident.ified

L5612 15063

Salvia ---

141. Mirto de Castilla

145. Moctezuma or Montezuma

bundles of stems with leaves and flowers

W537 L5056 14852

unidentified

L5234 14972

Rheumatism

For "bilis". Charcas mountain bank or arroya Char cas

For "bilis".

Charcas, mountain base

pressed stem with leaves, flower

bundles of stems with leaves, flowers and pressed plant

For "bilis". Boiled in water

Charcas lowland

pressed whole plant

For biliousness boil in water and drink Medicinal herb, colic

Charcas, inhabited area Monterrey

bundles of stems with leaves

140. Mirto del Campo

L5262 15000

unidentified

flowers, a few leaves

139. Mirta Raja

L5616 15067

unidentified

138. Mimbre

-+="" w

Medicinal herb

Medicinal herb

Plateau near Mt. Aguila Charcas

Monterrey

Monterrey

stems, leaves and pressed plant stems with leaves and flowers and pressed plant bundles of stems with leaves and flowers

W820 15419 15034

15662 15114 L5662b

15699 15151

unidentified

unidentified

Eupatorium subintegrum (Greene) Robinson?

148. Mostosa Loca

149. Muicle

150. Mula

Medicinal herb

Boiled and liquid useci to bathe children when they are feverish

Char cas

bundles of stems with leaves and flowers

15275 15013

Funastrum heterophyllum (Engelm.) Standl.

For cough. Used with other herbs

147. Moradillo

bOBS

Monterrey

flowers with a few leaves

15637

-

MaJ,vaviscus spp.

146. Monasillo

Use

Botanical Name

Location or Source

Spanish Name

Specimen

Catalog Number

+="" +=""

Monterrey

Monterrey

pieces of bark and pressed leaves

leaves on stems (branches) bark and pressed leaves whole plant several whole nuts

leaves, stems and seeds

L5707 15160

L5707 15160 L5707c

15146 L5645 15096

L5634 15085

Juglans sp.

Anethum sraveolens L.

Myristica sp.

list of Hyptis alb ida ~um majorum Origanum vulgare Paliomintha longiflora Calamintha potosina

153. Neldo

154. Nues Mosquiada or Moscada

155. Oregano or Salvia

Juglans sp.

152. Nogal

Char cas

L5233 14971

bundles of stems with leaves

Eupatorium subintegrum (Greene)

151. (de la) Mula

Medicinal

Medicinal bark

Treatment of rheumatism

-J::"" V1

For internal tumors For reducing inflamation

Monterrey

Charcas

Charcas, imported from Tula, Tamaulipas Monterrey

bundle of stems with leaves and flowers and pressed bundles of stems with leaves and a few flowers sticks of woody stem pieces of woody stern

15718 15171

15278 15016

15414 15029 15624 15075

unidentified

159. Ortiga unidentified ( ?Orteguilla)

Family Gramineae Tribe Bambuseae

Family Gramineae Tribe Bambuseae

158. Orteguilla

160. Otate

Medicine

Monterrey

bundles of stems with leaves and flowers

15640 15091

Market herb

To give appetite

Dichondra argentea Willd.

Charcas

157. Orejuela Raton

bundles of stems with leaves and flowers

Use

15272 15010

Location or Source

Dichondra argentea Willd.

Specimen

156. Orejeu1a de Raton

Catalog Number

Botanical 'Name

Spanish Name

+:0\

large open seedpod with many seeds bundles of stems with leaves and flowers a:nd pressed plant

15280 15018 15241 14979

W904 14892

unidentified

Dyssodia setifolia (Lag.) Robinson

Dyssodia setifolia (Lag.) Robinson (S.F. Blake)

164. Palomas de la Punsada

165. Parralena

pressed whole plant

bundle of stems with large leaves

15692 15144

unidentified

163. Palo Santo

pieces of woody stem

E:lsenhardtia polystachya

162. Palo Azul

W707

15611 15062

unidentified

161. "Palmar"

For constipation

For cough -- in water Charcas, enclosed hillside

Medicine (leaves crushed, smell like sasafras)

Medicinal wood

"Palmar" association tree= palma used by natives for wood

Char cas

Monterrey

Monterrey

Charcas, dominant tree in Yucca mesquite bush

_p--..J

unidentified

unidentified

Tillandsia recurvata L. (AF~

Cassia bauhinioides --Gray

167. (del) Pasmo

168. Pasmo

169. Pastle de Mesquite

170. Pata de Res L5424 15039

W738

L5685 15137

L5264 15002

W506

W609

Gyssodia setifolia (sic) (Lag.) Robinson (AFW?)

Tillandsia recurvata L. (AF~

Catalog Number

Botanical Name

166. Paschtle

Spanish Name

bundles of stems with leaves, flowers and seed pods

·bundle of stems with leaves and pressed plant

bundles of stems with leaves and pressed plant

Specimen

Char cas

Charcas on mesquite

Monterrey

Charcas

Charcas, on mesquite

Charcas plateau open field

Location or Source

Mild laxative for small children

Medicinal herb

Fried in grease and applied to bowel region for ch:l,lls and gas pains

Good for stomachache

Use

_J:-

co

W917 14901

W869 15161 14883

15227 14965 15671 1567lb 15123 15009

Chenopodium ambrosioides 1-:(C. V. Morton)

Mentezelia hispida Willd. (C.V. Morton)

Mentezelia hispida Willd (?)

unidentified

173. Pazote de Comer

174. Pega Ropa

175. Perejil

W787 15361 15345 14873

Cassia banhinioides Gray (AFW?)

172. Pata de Ves

15644b 15095

unidentified

171. Pata de v-aca

Medicinal herb. Powdered Char cas Monterrey

roots bundle of stems with leaves and pressed

For the heart

For urine trouble

Plateau near San Diego

pressed branch with leaves, flowers

For a pain. Boiled in water

For stomachache and "bilis". Boil in water and drink

Medicinal herb

San Diego, Charcas

Plateau west of San Diego

Monterrey

pressed whole plant without root

pressed with stem, leaves, pods, flowers

bundle of stems with leaves, flowers and pressed

-!="" \0

W784 L5355

Lycium Schaffner! Gray (AFW?)

181. Pico Pajaro

West of San Diego shrub

Char cas

L5219 14957 2 boxes

Perezia nana Gray

180. Pichichagua

whole plant in bundle

Charcas, enclosed hillside

W645

Charcas

Bidens sp. (AFW?)

whole plant leaves, flowers, stems, roots

179. Picaro

L5226 14964

Urinary system. Rat poison (when boiled)

For chest troubles. Boiled and mixed with other· herbs.

For constipation

Charcas

Perezia runcinata Lag.

bundles of stems with leaves and flowers

L5237 14975

Eupatorium sp.

Stomach trouble Powdered in water.

Use

Charcas, enclosed hillside

Charcas, enclosed hillside

Location or Source

178. Piania

pressed stems with leaves

W938 14908

Eupatorium sp. (AFW?)

Specimen

177. Peston

W552

Catalog Number

unidentified

Botanical Name

176. Perritos de Huerto

Spanish Name

0

VI

chips of wood large pieces of bark

15251 14989 15711 15164

Picrasma excelsa? Pecrasinn excelsa (sp?)

Chinchana succumbra Coutarea latiflora Coutarea pterosperma

186. Quassia (Quassia Amara)

187. Quina (Copalquin?)

bundles of whole plants without roots

unidentified

185. 15566 15055

bundles of stems with leaves flowers and pressed

15562 15051

Pol~o de M.enta (Poleo)

bundle of stems with leaves and pressed plant

15676 15128

unidentified

184. Poleo de Castilla (Poleo)

bundle of stems with leaves

15693 15145

Schinus molle 1

183. Pirul

W700

Rhus microEh~lla Engelm. (AFW?)

182. Pico de Pajaro

Medicine

Medicinal

Charcas

Medicinal herb

Monterrey

Monterrey

San Diego small shrub

t--'

\Jl

Saltillo market

bundle of branches with leaves and pressed

a fe¥T leaves, some pressed

W551 L5023 14961

L5281 15019

unidentified

.unidentified

Rosmarinus officinalis

191. Romerillo

192. Romero

L.?

Charcas inhabited area

W678 L5328 14867

Parosela canescens (Mart and Gal) Rose

190. Ramon

pressed branch with leaves

several roots

Charcas

Charcas bank of arroya

L5635 15086

unidentified

189. Rais de Lip ana

chunks of roots

L5709 15162

Smilax cordifolia --

Location or Source

188. Rais de China

Specimen

Catalog Number

Botanical Name

Spanish Name

Burned in houses to chase out snakes and obnoxious insects

Stomachaches

For regulating the stomach

Use

1\)

V1

Monterrey

bundles of stems with leaves, flowers and pressed plant

?fruits

15277 15277b 15715 5715b 15015 15168

15082

unidentified

?Anredera scandens Moge

195. Ruda

196. Sacasil

baselloi es HBK

?Boussin~aultia

Charcas, enclosed hillside

W563

Gutierrezia sarothrae (Pursh_)_ Britt. and Brown (AFW?)

194. Rosita

Monterrey

flowers

15630 15081

Rosa sp. (!. centifolia?)

Monterrey

bundle of stems with leaves flowers and pressed stems and leaves

193. Rosa de Castilla

15695c 15147

Headache -To let the air out of the head

Medicinal herb

Medicinal herb

w

Vl

Charcas, near cultivated land Charcas, protected hillside Charcas, enclosed hillside

W583

W490

W572 15688 15140 L5688b

Panicum obtusum H.B.K. (A. S. Hitchcock)

Sitanion (Nutt.) J.G. Smith (A.S. Hitchcock)

Sporobolus Wrightii Munro (AFW?)

unidentified

200. Sacate Masarca

201. Sacate Sevaidilla

202. Sacaton

203. Salvia

Monterrey

Charcas mountain side

W592

Lycurus phleoides H.B.K. (A. S. Hitchcock)

199. Sacate Cola Sorra

bundle of stems with leaves and flowers and pressed plant

Charcas, near cornfield

W588

Cenchrus pauciflorus Benth. (A.S. Hitchcock)

198. Sacate Cochinillo

Location or Source Plateau west of Char cas

Specimen

W508

Catalog Number

Hilaria cenchroidesH.B.K. (A.S. Hitchcock)

tiotanical Name

197. Sacate Chino

Spanish Name

Good for nourrishing babies when mother cannot nurse. Boil in water and milk. Also for gas pain? Boil and drink.

Use

+

Vl

Monterrey

bundles of whole plants

pressed, stem with leaves, flowers pressed, whole plant

15698 15150

W598 14855

W650 15152 14862

Chr;tsactinia mexicana Gray

Chr;tsactinia mexicana Gray

Menodora coulteri Gray

Charcas, enclosed hillside

Charcas, mountain top

Charcas

bundles of stems with leaves and flowers

15260 14988

Charcas plain

Charcas, San Diego

Chr:J::sactinia mexicana Gray

pressed branches with leaves, flowers

Char cas

206. San Nicolas

W863 14878

W919 14903

Not recognized at U.S. National Museum

bundles of stems with leaves and pressed

Not recognized at U.S. National Museum

15222 14960

unidentified

205. Sangre de Grado

204. Sanaparicio

For women having babies. Taken with other herbs.

Chills (of women) when exposed, Taken as tea.

For fevers

\.n \.n

15427 15042 15427 15042 15697 15149

unidentified

unidentified

208. Santa Isabel

mounted pressed whole plant

W948 14918

Brassica Eruca L. Eruca sativa -------

211. Saramago

no specimen

W651

210. Saramado

15613 15064

unidentified

unidentified

209. Santaura

L5613b

bundle of stems with leaves pressed, whole plant

Charcas, near field of corn

Charcas, enclosed hillside

Monterrey

Monterrey

A weed in corn fields

Medicinal herb

Medicinal herb

Medicinal herb

Charcas

stems with leaves pressed, whole plant, no root

Use Sweat bath and to prevent going to sleep after eating

Location or Source

bundles of Charcas whole plants without roots pressed, whole plant

Specimen

bundle of stems with leaves, flowers pressed

15697 15149

15266 15004 L5266b

---

Catalog Number

unidentified

Botanical Name

207. San Rafael

Spanish Name

\J1 0'\

Ricinus communis L.

LeucoEh~llum

213. Semillas Higeron

214. Seniso

217. Tatalencho

Charcas bundles of stems with leaves, flowers

Selloa glutinosa Spreng

L5232 14970

Char cas

pieces of root

15026

AscleEias setosa Benth.

Monterrey

roots

L5642 15093

216. Tarumara or Tarumarra

Monterrey

Asclepias setosa Bent h.

Buddleia scordioides

215. Suelda

bundles of stems with leaves, flowers

L5644a 15095 L5644b

bundles of Charcas stems with leaves and flowers; pressed specimen bundle of Monterrey branches with leaves flowers; pressed specimen

L5265 15003

Monterrey

beans

pieces of bark

L5633 15084

L5714 15167

L5660 15112

unidentified

laevigatum Standl.

unidentified

212. Sarsafras (Sasafras?)

Rheumatism

Medicinal herb

Medicinal herb

Medicinal herb

Laxative (castor oil bean)

-..:J

\.11

15565 15054

L5571 15060

unidentified

Chaptalia seemanii Hemsl.

unidentified

220. Te de Olor

221. Telempalcate

222. Tianguis L5704b 15156

bundles of stems with leaves, flowers

15213 14951

Wedeliella glabra (Choisy) Cockerell

219. Te de la Hormiga

bundles of stems with leaves, flowers

whole plants

bundles of stems with leaves; pressed specimen

mounted pressed whole plant without flower

Specimen

W945 14915

Catalog Number

Bidens aurea (AitJ Sherrf ---zs:-F. Blake)

Botanical Name

218. Te de Goral

Spanish Name

Charcas

Purge: Boil in water.

Kidney and bladder trouble: Boil with other herbs.

Char cas

Charcas

Purge: Boil in water. Function like castor oil. One plant enough for one dose. Very effective laxative.

Use

Charcas, cornfield

Location or Source

\.11 CXl

Physalis sordida Fern.

unidentified

227. Tomate de Campo

228. Tornillo

Nicotiana trigonophylla-Dunal

unidentified

W578

Nicotiana trigonophylla-Dunal

225. Tobaco Loco

226. Toluache

W502 14851

Acacia filicioides--

224. Timbre or Timbe

W950 14920

W802 14875

W665

W1010 14927

15273 15011

15666 15118

unidentified

223, Tlachichinola or Tlanchichinole

no specimen

pressed, stem with leaves and part of flower

no specimen

no specimen

pressed, stem with leaves, flowers

no specimen

Charcas, mountain base

Char cas

Venado, edge of road

Charcas, old wall side of barranca

Charcas, edge of barranca

Charcas market

stems with Monterrey leaves, flowers, also pressed stems, leaves, flowers

Stomach trouble

For excited animals: Leaves are used as with barba de chivo

Not for smoking

Pulque: to ferment

Medicine

\0

Vl

Eye trouble of goats or donkeys: Place 1, 2, or 3 seeds in eyes.

Charcas, enclosed hillside Charcas, enclosed hillside

peeled roots no specimen mounted stem with leaves, berries

15214 14952 W570

Avena fatua

Parietaria pennsylvanica

Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav.

232. Tripa de Judas

233, Trompillo

Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav. (C.V. Morton)

W905 14893

Char cas

no specimen

W510

y:;:--- - - -

231. Trigillo L0co

---

To coagulate milk

Monterrey bundles of whole plants without roots and a pressed specimen

L5652a 15103

unidentified

230. T0ronj il

Charcas, roadside, inhabited area

Medicinal herb

Lung (chest) trouble: Seeds are ground and drunk in water

mounted, stem with seedpods and whole plant

W944 14914

unidentified

229. Torito

Charcas, broken ground

bundle of stems with leaves

L5628 15079

Use

unidentified

Location or Source

Specimen

Botanical Name

Catalog Number

Spanish Name

0'\ 0

236. Ventosidad

15623 15074

unidentified

collected specimen, root, leaves bundles of stems with leaves mounted stems with leaves, flowers

W613 14856

15258 14996 W922 14906

Nama palmeri Gray

Nama undulatum H.B.K.

Nama undulatum H.B.K. (C. V. Morton)

bundles of stems with leaves, flowers

15683 15135

bundle of stems with leaves, flowers; pressed specimen

pressed, stem with leaves, seeds

branches with lea:ves, berries

Nama hispidum Gray

15623b

W638 14858

Plantago major 1.

235. Venado (1anten)

15695a 15695c 15147

unidentified

234. Tullidora

Charcas, field

Char cas

Charcas, edge ·of cultivated field

Monterrey

Monterrey market

Charcas

Monterrey

Cold: smell.

Relief from gas pains.

Catarro: smell it (inhale)

Stomach trouble

Fertility: Good for women who wish to have babies: Boil in water and drink.

0'\ 1-'

Monterrey

Charcas Charcas, enclosed hillside Charcas, plateau near San Diego

pieces of root no specimen mounted stem with leaves

pieces of root

Wl086 14935 W562 W896 14885

L5274 15012

Castela texana

Hoffmanseggia densiflora Benth.

not recognized at U.S. National Museum

unidentified

240. Visvirinda

241. Wisachito

242. Yerba Blanca

243. Yerba Blanco

Location or Source

stems with flowers and leaves

bundles of whole plants without roots

Specimen

L5615 15066

L5221 14959

Catalog Number

Viola sp.

?Guazuma sp. ?Anazuma ulmifolia

Botanical Name

239. Violeta

238. Verguensa (see Yerba de la Verguensa)

237. Verbena (ocea de Lagayina)

Spanish Name

Very poisonous

Sores on back of horse: roots used. Leaves used for some kind of horse medicine, for bruises?

Cough: Boiled with other herbs

Use

{]'\ 1\)

246. Yerba del Cancer

245. Yerba del Buen Dia

244. Yerba Buena

mounted, stems with leaves

bundles of Charcas whole plants without roots

W866 14880 15229 14967

Sida procumbens Sw.

Acalypha lindheimeri Muell. Arg.

Charcas, plain

Monterrey

bundles of stems with leaves and flowers

15669 15121

Sida procumbens Sw.

Monterrey

Charcas

Charcas

bundles of stems with leaves and flowers, also, pressed

bundles of stems with leaves, few flowers, also, pressed

bundles of stems with leaves and ·flowers

15271 15009

15678 15130

unidentified

Sida procumbens Sw.

15564 15053

unidentified

Medicinal herb

Kidney trouble

Boils

Digestion: Good for children.

Good for women who have children and wish to congregate them. Colic: Boil in water and drink.

(}\

w

Susto: Boil in water

Piles. :5oiLi:n water and drink

Charcas, enclosed hillside

Charcas, plateau near San Diego

Charcas, enclosed hillside

bundle of stems bundles of whole plants few roots pressed stems, leaves, flowers pressed stems, leaves, flowers no specimen bundles of stems with leaves, flowers

15268 15006

W695 14868

W868 14882

W654 15211 14949

unidentified

Croton corymbulosus Engelm.

unidentified

unidentified

unidentified

248. Yerba del Conejo (ocea de la amorana)

249. Yerba del Gato

Medicinal herb

15703 15155

Monterrey

Pedilanthus pavanis

bundles of stems with leaves and flowers

247. Yerba Candelilla

U~e

15653 14967

Location or Source

Acalypha hederaceae Torr.

Specimen

Catalog Number

Botanical Name

Spanish Name

0\ +:"

251. Yerba de la Hormiga

250. Yerba del Golpe

15686 15138

15658 15ll0

Gaura sinuata Nutt.

Wedeliella glabra (Choisy) Cockerell

15279 15017

Gaura coccinea Nutt.

W640 14860

W653

Gaura coccinea Pursh

Acalypha phleoides Cav.

W901 14890

15657 15109

Gaura coccinea Pursh

unidentified

bundles of stems with leaves flowers

pressed stems with leaves and flowers

bundles of stems with leaves, seeds

bundles of stems with leaves, flowers

no specimen

mounted, stems with leaves, flowers

bundles of whole plants

Monterrey

Charcas, enclosed hillside

Monterrey

Charcas

Charcas, enclosed hillside

Charcas, enclosed hillside

Kidney trouble

Wounds and bruises: Boil in water and wash

Bruises: leaves placed over bruised area

0'\ Vl

pressed stem, leaves, berries bundles of stems with leaves, berries bundles of stems with leaves and some root no specimen

W643 14861

15432 15047

15698 15141

W768

Solanum Eterocaulon Dun.

Solanum Eterocaulon Dun.

Solanum Eterocaulon Dun.

SEhaeralcea hastatula

254. Yerba del Negrito

no specimen

W913 14897

Solanum Eterocaulon (Solanum nigrum)

no specimen

Specimen

253. Yerba Mora

W541

---

Catalog Number

unidentified

Botanical Name

252. Yerba Jarrito

Spanish Name

Charcas, west of San Diego

Medicinal herb

Medicinal herb Charcas

Monterrey

Inflammation of the skin: Use ripe (black) fruit.

Espanto (fright): Grind leaf and take juice of unripe fruit (?) Eruption of the blood: Rub the little pustule with the ripe fruit.

Use

Charcas, enclosed hillside

Charcas, enclosed hillside

Charcas, inhabited area

Location or Source

0'\ 0'\

257. Yerba del Pajarito

256. Yerba Nis or Santa Maria or Operion

255. Yerba del Negro

(Yerba Negri to)

W642 W815

unidentified

15267 15005

Tagetes florida Sweet

unidentified

15670 15122

Tagetes florida Sweet

SEhaeralcea hastuW861 lata Gray 14876 Not typical (Kearney)

1566lb 15113

no specimen

no specimen

bundles of stems with leaves, flowers

bundles of stems with leaves, flowers

mounted, pressed, stem with leaves, flowers

bundles of whole plants without roots

no specimen

Sphaeralcea angusti- W589 folia var. cuspidata Gray

Sphaeralcea angustifolia (Cav.) Don

no specimen

W557

SEhaeralcea an~stifolia (Cav.) Don.

Aquila Mt. or Aguila?

Charcas, enclosed hillside

Char cas

Monterrey

Charcas, plain

Charcas, near cultivated land

Charcas, enclosed hillside

Sweat bath. Breakfast tea, boiled in water.

Medicinal herb

0\ -;J

bundles of stems with l_eaves, flowers

L5246 14984

PoroEh~llum

262. Yerba del Venado

fili-

unidentified

261. Yerba del Tori to

Rydb.

mounted stems with leaves, flowers

W916 14900

Drymaria gracilis C. and S. (C.V. Morton)

260. Yerba del Tomor

forme

bundles of stems with leaves and burrs

15706 15159

unidentified

no specimen

bundles of whole plants

15429 15044

Eryngium Wrightii Gray

W737

pressed stem with leaves and flowers

W923 14907

Eryngium Wrightii Gray

259. Yerba del Sapo

-

Specimen pressed branch with leaves, flowers

Cassia Wislizeni -Gray

258. Yerba del Pinacate

Catalog Number W728 15439 14872

Botanical Name

Spanish Name

Charcas

Bank of arroyo near water Charcas?

Charcas, San Diego

Monterrey

Charcas

Charcas, arroyo near San Diego

Charcas, plain shrub

Location or Source

Constipation

Tumor or swelling on hand or foot: Boil in water.

Medicinal herb

Cough. Urine trouble

Cough: Boil in water

Use

(J'\

())

Calophanes linearis Gray (Dl::schoriste linear is)

Dyschoriste decumbens (Gray) Kuntze

Chenopodium sp.

Muhlenbergia monticola. Buckl. (A.S. Hitchcock)

265. Yerba Vivora

266. Yerba de la Vivora

267. Yerba Zorillo

268. Zacate 1iso W618

15663 15ll5

15239 14977

15680 15132

15625 15076

W559

Schrankia potosina (Britt. and Rose) Standley

unidentified

W899 14888

Schrankia potosina (Britt. and Rose) Standley

264. Yerba de la Virgen

263. Yerba de la Verguensa

no specimen

bundles of stems and flowers

bundles of whole plants

bundles of whole plants

bundle of stems with leaves, flowers also pressed

no specimen

no specimen

Charcas, edge of cornfield

Monterrey

Charcas

Monterrey

Monterrey

Charcas, enclosed hillside

Charcas, enclosed hillside

Medicinal herb

Constipation: Boil in water and drink

Snakebite

Medicinal herb

"plant of shame"

"plant of shame"

0\ \.()

270. Zarzafras

269. Zarsaparilla

Spanish Name

Monterrey

pieces of bark

L5710 15163

?Elaphrin pubescens Schl.?

Lack of blood: used with others.

Monterrey

bundles of roots

L5712 15165

Krameria pauciflora DC.

Bad teeth

Charcas

roots, leaves

L5570 15059

Krameria pauciflora DC.

Use Blood, to purify and increase. Infected gums: used to clean.

bundles of roots

L5231 14969

Krameria pauciflora DC.

Location or Source Charcas

Specimen

Catalog Number

Botanica'l Name

0

--.:]

APPENDIX C The Leslie A. White Collection Albuquerque, 1941

In 1941 Leslie A. White, then a member of the faculty of the Department of Anthropology at the University of Michigan, purchased samples of dried medicinal herbs from B. Ruppe's drugstore in Albuquerque, New Mexico.

These herbs were given to the Ethnobotanical

Laboratory at the University of Michigan.

The 23 items listed on

the following pages apparently represent the druggist's entire inventory at the time of purchase.

No information on usage was col-

lected and several specimen are unidentifiable.

Also, little is

known ab~ut the clientele or sources of the herbs.

However, it is

important to note that this store was a source of medicinal herbs in 1941 in the Albuquerque area.

71

72

Spanish Name

Botanical Name

Specimen

1.

Artemisia Yerba

Artemisia sp.

stems and leaves

2.

Cafta Agria

~

Torr.

sliced segments of roots

hymenosepalus

3.

Cai'ia Fistula

Cassia sp.

seed pods

4.

Canutillo

Ephedra sp.

stems

5.

Cascara Nogal

Juglans sp.

bark

6.

Chia

Salvia sp.

seeds

7.

Contra Yerba

sliced segments of roots

8.

Estafiate

Kallstroemia californica (S. Wats.) Vail 1 var. brachystylis (Vail) Kearney & Peebles Artemisia sp.

9.

Flor Asar

Citrus sp.

flowers

10. Flor de jamica

unidentified

dark flowers

11. Hineldo

Anethum graveolens L. dill

seeds

12. Oregano Mexi-

unidentified

stems and leaves

13. Palo Brazil

Caesalpinia sp.

chips of wood

14. Palo Mulato

unidentified

bark

15. Pasmo

unidentified

stems and leaves

16. Pasote

Chenopodium ambrosiodes L.

leaves

17. Peonias

unidentified

roots

18. Quassia

Quassia

19. Yerba Anise

unidentified

stems and leaves

20. Yerba Cancer

unidentified

stems

21. Yerba Goberna:dora

Larrea tridentata

stems and leaves

stems and leaves

cano

~

L.?

wood chips

73

Spanish Name

Botanical Name

Specimen

22. Yerba Golondrina

Euphorbia sp.?

stems and leaves

23. Yerba Gordolobo

unidentified

stems and flowers

APPENDIX D Juarez, Chihuahua, Market Collection, 1965 Karen C. and Richard I. Ford In May, 1965, the Fords purchased herbs at the Mercado Cuauhtemoc for comparison with plants they were encountering in their work with Pueblo Indians in northern New Mexico.

Samples

of 38 herbs were purchased from the only herb vendor in this market--a man of 66 years who had been in the market since the late 1930's. and other

His entire inventory consisted of over 150 herbs

~edicinal

items, including patent medicines.

This man

obtained his herbs by collecting them himself as well as through He had considerable knowledge

purchases from other collectors.

of usages which were recorded for many of the items purchased. While a systematic study was not undertaken either with this collection or the Jones Collection (Appendix A) and the purposes for collecting the herbs were not the same, it is interesting to note the similarity of items available despite a gap of 33 years. The herbs are listed on the following pages and are deposited in the Ethnobotanical Laboratory at the University of Michigan.

Unfortunately, many items were in unidentifiable

condil:ion.

75

Ocimum Basilicum L. (sweet basil)

Albaca

Alfilerillo

Altamisa

Babiza or Manzo

Caballo

Cachana

Calco meca

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

root bark root stems stems and leaves stems and leaves

5323 5324 5325 5326 5327 5328

unidentified

unidentified

Rumex hymenosepalus Torr.

Ephedra sp.

Leucophyllum sp.?

unidentified

Cafia Agua or Ca:i'ia Agria

Canutillo

10. Cenizo

11. Collate

stems

leaves, stems, and roots

flowers, leaves, and stems

whole plant

leaves and stems

Specimen

5322

5320

5319

5318

5317

Catalog Number

Equisetum sp.

Anemopsis californica (Nutt.) Hook. and Arn.

Chrxsanthemum parthenium ?

Erodium sp.

Botanical Name

Spanish Name

Tea for stomachache

Tea for stomach

To clean teeth

Tea

For woman after childbirth

Good for kidneys

For sores

Use

-..J 0\

5334 5335

Larrea tridentata (D~ Coville

Antheum graveolens L. [dill]

Malva sp.?

Matricaria sp.?

Origanum sp. ? [marjoram]

unidentified

Ligusticum Porteri Coult. and Rose

Chenopodium sp.

unidentified

14. Hediondilla Governadora

15. Hinojo

16. Malva

17. Manzanilla

18. Mej or ana

19. Orozuz

20. Osha or Chuchupate

21. Pazote Comer

22. Pazote de Sorillo

For stomach

wood chips

Cook with beans Tea

leaves and stems leaves and stems

5340

root

Cooking herb

Boil in water for tea for babies

For stomach

For a tea

For stomach

For stomach

leaves

flowers, leaves and stems

crumbled leaves and stems

stems, umbells, and seeds

leaves and stems

leaves and stems

bark

5339

5338

5337

5336

5333

5332

5330

Artemisia sp.

13. Estafiate

5329

Hintonia sp.?

12. Copalquin

--.j --.j

root leaves and stems leaves and stems leaves and stems stems

5344

5347 5348 5321 5349 5350 5351

unidentified

Cymbopogon sp.

Thymus sp. [thyme]

Cedronella mexicana Benth.

unidentified

Verbena sp.?

Mentha spicata 1.

unidentified

unidentified

26. Sabino Macho

27. Te

28. Tomilla

2 9. Toronj i l

30. Valeriana

31. Verbena

32. Yerba Buena

33. Yerba Cancer

34. Yerba Colorado

leaves and stems

5343

Ruta sp.?

5346

5345 leaves and stems

leaves

leaves and stems

leaves and stems

leaves and stems

25. Ruda

5342

Rosmarinus officinalis 1.

leaves and stems

Specimen

24. Rosemary

5341

Catalog Number

unidentified

Botanical Name

23. Poleo

Spanish Name

Tea with milk and sugar

For sores

For headache: put herb water on head

For heart?

Cook with beans

Take as sedative

Use

OJ

--.:)

5352 5353 5354 5355

unidentified

unidentified

unidentified

unidentified

35. Yerba del Lobo

36. Yerba de la Negrita

37. Yerba del Sapo

38. Yerba de la Vivora

or Chacota or Calderona

leaves and stems

stems and burrs

flowers, leaves, and stems

flowers, leaves, and stems

Boil in water, take for chills

For sores and cuts

Take for cough

.....;]

\.0

APPENDIX E Herb Collection Theodore Roybal's Store, Santa Fe, New Mexico The Roybal's store was founded in 1917 by Theodore Roybal and was housed for many years at the rear of 212, 214, 216 Galisteo Street in Santa Fe, New Mexico. In 1966 the store was owned and operated by a middle-aged couple, Hugo and Gloria Roybal Crowder at the above adress. As a "general" store it carried many items found in any grocery store: canned goods, packaged items, fresh meat, dairy products, and so on. In addition there were for sale knives and some camping equipment, household goods, cooking utensils, and specialty items such as taco molds and tortilla presses. A small yarn shop was housed separately. The store's inventory emphasized what the proprietors called "native goods" and "Mexican foods." The former included popular local foods such as chicos (boiled and sun-driod corn), red and green chile (fresh in season and dried), beans, blue cornmeal, white cornmeal, sprouted wheat flour, sun-dried apples, pinyon nuts, pozole (hominy), tortillas, and fresh greens such as quelites (lamb's quarters) and verdolagas (purslane). The "Mexican foods" included several types of chile peppers, black beans, chocolate, mole paste, piloncillo (raw sugar in cone form), and queso de tuna (prickly pear cactus candy). Despite an extensive inventory of the· above items, this store was perhaps most 'intriguing for its large collection of dried medicinal and cooking herbs displayed in small bins and neatly packaged and labeled in .Spanish. To my knowledge no other store in northern New Mexico carried the number or variety of herbs available at this store. The herbs were arranged in alphabetical order and a list giving Spanish names and in some cases common English names for each herb was available to any customer. A number of non-plant items, such as piedra alumbre (alum stone), used medicinally were included. Mrs. Crowder handled most of the incoming herbs and had some knowledge of usages but deferred to a Hispano employee when uncertain about a usage. Some of the herbs were stored in the basement prior to packaging and displaying for sale. Prices paid for herbs brought in locally varied with supply and demand, and herbs that did not sell were dropped from the inventory. Several different sources were used for the procurement of the herbs. About half (65-70) were obtained locally. The proprietors themselves collected a few items, including hediondilla, oregano, and ruda, while an osha plant and several

81

82 different mints were grown in a small garden behing the store. Most of the locally available herbs, however, were purchased from individuals who brought them in to sell. The suppliers were typically elderly Hispano men and women. Certain ones came several times each year with different seasonal herbs; others came once each summer and still others even less Only one woman delivered the herbs bagged and frequently. In some cases individuals travelled labeled according to use. considerable distances to bring herbs; suppliers came from at least as far away as Truchas and Vallecitos, New Mexico, the latter being more than fifty miles from Santa Fe. A few In the 1950's and herbs were sold to the store by Indians. 1960's Cochiti and Santo Domingo Indians supplied punche Occasionally younger people, (tobacco) which they had raised. sometimes Anglos, supplied herbs. During the mid-1960's a young Anglo was a regular supplier of a number of herbs. On one occasion he earned about $10.00 for barbasco, pague, romerillo, and alum stone which he brought in. He also tried to sell some cafia agria, of which the store already had an abundant supply,and another herb which the store did not carry. He, as well as the other suppliers, did not indicate the source of his supply, and each collected his herbs independently. Items not available locally were ordered from Mexico (42 altogether, including quasia, te de sena, cafia fistula, and camino) or California (e.g. an1s, alhucema, cascara de sagrada, asahar de naranjo), with one or two items being purchased from Texas or Colorado. A number of items were so popular that local supply often did not meet the demand, and the store ordered these items as necessary: inmortal, osha, romero, cachana, yerba de golpe, cardo santo, yerba de manso. A spice company in Texas supplied sassafras and a chemical company in Denver It is interesting to note supplied piedralipe (copper sulfate). the great distance travelled by a few of the items. The coral beads (important anti-evil eye charms) came from Italy; the very popular manzanilla was imported from Hungary via Mexico; and the non-local type of sangre de venado came from Malaysia via Mexico. The clientele of the store was varied and included Hispanos, Indians, local Anglos, and tourists. Hispanos predominated and purchased the most herbs. Most lived, or had lived, in.Santa Fe, though some came a considerable distance. The approximate area of utilization is bounded by the Taos area on the north, Las Vegas on the east, Jemez on the west, and Albuquerque on Osha was the most popular item in the store. The the south. Indians, less popular items were discontinued as supplies aged. especially from the nearby Rio Grande pueblos, were frequent customers, but purchased only a few items, particularly osha, .chimaja, malvas, cilantro, and manzanilla. Anglos and tourists bought seasoning herbs, but, in a town with many tourist attractions, it is unlikely that very many tourists fo:und their way

83 to the store. Finally, mention should be made of the prices charged for the herbs. A small package containing a handful of an herb was generally priced under one dollar, but prices varied with supply and demand and a few items were priced much higher. Customers and other informants considered the prices somewhat high but for certain purchasers and for many of the items there was no alternative. By 1969 the Crowders had sold the store and the building is now used for another business. A former employee of the Crowders continues (as of June 1974) to sell herbs in a smaller shop next door at 220 Galisteo Street. In June 1971 Mr. Lujan's "Tienda de la Salud" had a thriving business in herbs in addition to a few other foodstuffs and cooking utensils. He retains the herb display cases of the old Roybal's Store and claims to sell more now than they ever did before. Still popular are alhucema, manzanilla, and osha and he mentioned that tilia, incienso, sassafras and mate were selling well. Perhaps the highlight of his tenure occurred recently when (in his words) a "hippie" from New York bought $76 worth of herbs at one time. Roybal's store may be gone, but the herb business continues to flourish on Galisteo Street in Santa Fe. On the following charts are medicinal herb data collected by the author in 1966 in the Santa Fe and Espanola areas of New Mexico. With the exception of a very few items from published sources, only information obtained with reference to this collection is included. For further information on specific plants see the Glossary (Appendix F). It should be noted that mimeographed herb lists provided by the store were used to compile the charts. Some of the items listed were not available to me at the store but were obtained for study from the Museum of Navaho Ceremonial Art. A very few items listed were not available at all. Furthermore, several items sold by the store were and are apparently not in common use in northern New Mexico although they may be known to literate medicas through published sources. Finally, the condition of many herbs precluded positive identification. For those that were identifiable, the Latin names are derived from the books in the bibliography. Here is a brief description of the informants used for this study. 1 = a middle-aged Hispano woman who had gathered medicinal data from relatives and friends, including several medicas, in the Santa Fe area. 2 = a middle-aged woman living near Espanola, who, though born in Mexico, has many local contacts. 3 = an elderly Hispano woman living near Espanola who has considerable first-hand knowledge of herbs and medicinal

84 practices in the area. 4 = a middle-aged Hispano woman, one of the proprietors of the store, who handled the purchasing of the herbs at the store. 4a = a middle-aged Hispano man who was an employee of the store in 1966. He w~s an herb dealer himself by 1969.

5 = a middle-aged Tewa man who has many Hispano contacts in the Espanola area. (The information obtained from No. 3 is the most extensive.)

Purchased locally

Alegrfa

6.

Stems with leaves and seeds

Purchased from Mexico

White powder

5239

unidentified [zinc sulfate?]

Alcaparrosa

5. 5240

Purchased locally or from Mexico

White powder

5238

[white talc]

Albayalde

4.

Amaranthus cruentus L.

Purchased locally or from Mexico

Leaves

no specimen

Basilicum L. [sweet basil]

Purchased from Mexico

Purchased from Mexico

Source

~

Dried root

Specimen (part sold)

Albahaca; Alvacar

3.

no specimen

Catalog Number

Seeds

Ajonjoli

2.

Zingiber officinale Roscoe [ginger]

Botanical Name [English Name]

Sesamum orientale L. no [sesame] specimen

Aj enjibre

1.

Spanish Name

Heart trouble: grind with Azahar de Naranjo, Anfs, cinnamon, Remolino, and deer's blood;· add to wine and drink (3) .

Asthma (4)

Stomachache: add to coffee or water and drink (3). Charm: for good luck (1).

Cooking: an ingredient of mole sauce (1).

Stomachache: add to coffee or water and drink (3). Fever: add to water for foot bath (1).

Use

0\

CX>

not a plant [alum stone]

Artemisia franserioides Greene

* Asterisk refers to notes on page

12. -Alumbre, Piedre

Altamisa de la Sierra ?

lumps of stone

no specimen

Stems with leaves, flowers

Pieces resembling rocks

Flowers

Stems with leaves, flowers

Seeds

no specimen

5241 Chrysanthemum parthenium (1.) Bernh.?

5356

no specimen

*11. Altamisa

Lavandu1a Spica Cav. [lavender]

Alhucema

9.

,no specimen

unidentified

Erodium cicutarium L'Her.[storksbill]

Alfilerillo

8.

no specimen

10. Alquitran

Medicago sativa L. [alfalfa seeds]

Alfalfa, Semil1a de

7.

Purchased locally

Purchased locally

Purchased locally

Purchased locally

Purchased from California

Purchased locally

Purchased locally

burn (3)

Teeth: grind into powder and use in a rinse to tighten teeth (1). Burns: apply to affected area (1).

Stomachache: chew leaves or drink decoction (3)

Stomachache: drink decoction (3). Colds: drink decoction (3).

Incense:

Stomach gas (babies): give decoction to drink (1). Coughs: drink decoction (1).

Urinary disorders: drink decoction (1)

Stomach pains (1)

co ~

Seeds

Seed pods

5242

no specimen

no specimen

Verbesina encelioides (Cav.) Benth.

Pimpinella anisum L. [anise]

Illicium verum [star ani~

Ailil del Muerto

An'f.s

An'f.s Estrella

15.

16.

17.

Stems, leaves, flowers

?

no specimen

unidentified

Root

Specimen (part sold)

Amolillo

14.

Catalog Number no specimen

Botanical Name [English Name]

Yucca sp.

Amole

13.

Spanish Name

Nerves and sleeplessness: drink decoction (1). Baking: use as An'f.s

Purchased from Mexico

(1).

Colds: drink decoction to cause sweating and to break a cold (3). Baking: an ingredient in sweet rolls and Biscochitos (3). Heart trouble: see Alegr'f.a.

Flatulence: drink decoction. (Marquez, 1964)

(1).

Ulcers: boil flower in water and drink (3)

Not on latest list (6/66)

Cleansing: soap for washing hair and woolen clothing and blankets.

Use

Purchased from California

Purchased locally

Purchased locally

Source

~

Azafran

Azahar de Naranjo

Azucaroan; Piedra Azucar

Azufre

18.

19.

20.

21.

not a plant [sulphur]

not a plant [rock candy]

Citrus sp. [orange flowers]

Carthamu~ tinctorius 1. [American saffron]

no specimen

no specimen

no specimen

no specimen

Yellow powder

Candy that looks like pebbles

Flowers

Flowers

Purchased from Mexico or locally

?

Purchased from California or Mexico

Purchased locally

candy

apply powder Suppositories: mix together with finely ground Punche, Manzanilla, Osha, Romerillo,

(3).

Soils:

(1).

Coughs: take as syrup mixed with molasses

Food:

Heart trouble: see Alegria. Nerves: take tea to aid sleep (1) (2) .

(3).

Most ailments: grind, drink in warm water

(3).

Food coloring and spice: use in meatballs, chicken, soups, and bread pudding (1)

(3).

Measles: give tea to babies "to help them break out" (1) (3). Fever: drink decoction (1) (3). Dye: for wool, yellow

OJ \0

5243

no specimen

5244

Croton texensis (Kl.) Muell. Arg.

unidentified

Borago officinalis L.

Bar basco

Babiza

Borraja

24.

25.

no specimen

23.

Zea mays [corn]

Catalog Number

Barba de Maiz

Botanical Name [English Name]

22.

Spanish Name

Leaves, flowers, stems

?

Leaves, flowers

Corn silk

Specimen (part sold)

Rheumatism: grind dry leaves, mix with honey and rub on swollen areas (3) Recently discontinued (6/66). Note: Babiza is an alternative name for Yerba Manza. Stomach ailments: drink tea (1). Bites or infections: apply with pork fat as poultice (1). Fever: drink tea (1) (2). Eye ailments: use strained tea as

Formerly purchased from Mexico Purchased locally

Urinary disorder: take as tea for diuretic (1). Witchcraft: witches use (3).

Yerba Buena, Piloncillo, tar soap, and honey and roll into small cigar shapes (3). Most ailments: drink mixed with water (3).

Use

Purchased locally

Purchased locally

Source

0

\0

Whole plant, except root (not sold)

Root, smooth

Root, nubby

?

Pieces of wood

Given by a woman from Truchas, New Mexico

Purchased locally

Purchased from Mexico

Formerly purchased from Mexico

Purchased from Mexico

Charm: carry burned piece to protect against evil eye (1). Headache: burn and inhale (3) (1). Nosebleed: burn and inhale (1). Tonsilitis: grind and blow into tonsils to dry them up (1).

(3)

Charm: carry an unburned piece for protection from witches

Recently discontinued (6/66)

Heart trouble: add to wine and drink (3)

drink

~ ~

--------------------------- ---------------------------

Liatris sp.

5357

liatris sp?

Flor de Cachana

5323

unidentified

Cachana

*28.

no specimen

unidentified

Buena Senora

27.

Caesalpinia echinata 5245

Brazil

26.

eyewash (1). Sleeplessness: tea (1).

Cucurbita sp. [squash, pumpkin]

Cucurbita foetidissima H.B.K. [wild gourd]

Cal

Calabaza, Semilla de

Calabazilla

Cafia Agria

Cafiafistula

Canela en Raja

31.

32.

33.

34.

35.

36.

5249

~

Cinnamomum zeylaniBreyn [stick cinnamon]

5358

5248

h~enoseEalus

5247

no

no specimen

5246

no specimen

Catalog Number

Cassia fistula L.

Rumex Torr.

not a plant [lime]

unidentified

Cahania; Cafiahuela; Cafiuela

30.

Xanthium sp.

Cadillos

Botanical Name [English Name]

29.

Spanish Name

Purchased locally

Purchased from Mexico

Purchased locally

Purchased locally

Purchased locally

Source

Pieces of bark

Seed pods

Purchased from Mexico

Purchased from Mexico

Sliced pieces Purchased locally of root

Chunks of root

Seeds

?

Stems, leaves

Stems with burrs and leaves

Specimen (part sold)

eat roasted (3)

Colds: drink as tea to cause sweating (1) Stomachache: add ground cinnamon and

(1)

Teeth: use as mouthwash to tighten teeth

Very poisonous (3)

Food:

Cooking: use to make posole (3). Insecticide: put on plants {3).

Use

1\)

\D

Prunus sp. [chokecherry]

Quercus sp. [oak]

Cascara de Capul{n

Cascara de Encino

Cascara de granada

Cascara de Nogal

Cascara Sagrada

39.

40.

41.

42.

43.

Leaves

Stems with flowers

no specimen

no specimen

5251

Small pieces of bark

Pieces of bark

Pieces of peel

Pieces of bark

no Pieces of specimen ·bark

5359

5250

Rhamnus californica 5252 Esch. [California buckthorn]

Juglans sp. [walnut]

Punica Granatum L. [pomegranite]

unidentified

Carda Santo

*38.

Ephedra sp.

Canutillo; Popotillo

37.

Purchased from California

Purchased from California

Scraped off unsold pomegranites at end of season

Purchased locally

Purchased locally

Purchased locally or from Mexico

Purchased locally

Laxative: tea (1)

drink as

Mouthwash (1)

Sores, especially in mouth: apply (1)

Urinary disorders and venereal disease: dr.ink as tea (1) . Stomach disorders: drink as tea (3).

sugar to coffee or water and drink (3). Heart trouble: see Alegd.a. Canning: e.g. for preserved pears as flavoring (3) •

w

\0

Chimja

49.

Cymopterus purpureus no S. Wats. specimen

Leaves and stems

5255

unidentified

Chan

48.

Stems with leaves

5367 5308

? Atriplex sp.

Chamiza, Yerba de; see also Yerba de Chamizo

*47.

Leaves

Foreign particle in eye: place seed in eye to help remove particle (1) Popular with Indians as well as SpanishAmericans (4). Stomachache: chew leaves (3). Food: raw roots; use leaves to flavor beans or peas (3). Purchased locally

Recently discontinued (6/66)

Use

Purchased locally

Purchased locally

Purchased locally

Leaves

Artemisia tridentata 5254 Nutt.

Chamizo Gediondo

46.

Purchased from Mexico

Source

Leaves

5253

? Leucophyllum sp.

Cenizo

45.

Piece of root

5300

unidentified possiblY Swertia radiata (Kellogg) Kuntze

Specimen (part sold)

Catalog Number

Cebadilla; Sebadilla

Botanical Name [English Name]

44.

Spanish Name

'g.

Cuminum odorum [cumin]

Kallstroemia cali- 5256 fornica (Wats.) Vail var. brachystylis (Vail) Kearney and Peebles

Hintonia sp. Coutarea sp.

Camino

Contrayerba

Copalquin

Cor ales

53.

54.

55.

56.

not a plant [red-orange sea coral]

Eguisetum sp.

Cola de Caballo

52.

no specimen

no specimen

no specimen

no specimen

Caryo£hyllus ~- no ticus [whole cloves] specimen

Clava Entero

no specimen

51.

Coriandrum sativum

1. [coriander]

Cilantro; Culantro

50.

Small cut beads

pieces of bark

Peeled roots

Seeds

Stems

Dried flower buds

Seeds

Purchased from Italy

Purchased from Mexico

Purchased locally

Purchased from Mexico

Purchased locally

Purchased from Mexico

Purchased locally

Evil eye charm: babies .wear bracelets of coral beads to protect

Tic: grind, sift, and rub externally on affected areas (3)

Cooking: flavoring, add to red chile sauce (3)

Cooking and baking: flavoring spice (5). Toothache: hold in mouth (5).

Cooking: use fresh leaves in soup; seeds in tamales and carne adovado (3).

(1).

Popular with Indians as well as SpanishAmericans (4). Sedative: drink tea

\J1

\.0

Stems, flowers

no specimen

Gutierrezia Sarothrae (Pursh) Britt. and Rusby

Escoba de la V'ivora; Yerba de la Vl:vora; Collalle

62.

Stems with leaves and flowers

5259

unidentified

Damiana

61.

Stems with leaves and flowers

no specimen

Thelesperma sp.

Cot a

60.

Pieces of stem

unidentified

Costomate

59.

?

Fine powder

Specimen (part sold)

5258

no specimen

unidentified no specimen available

Coronillo

58.

Catalog Number

5257

Botanical Name [English Name]

not a plant [powdered sea coral]

Coral Prepar do

57.

Spanish Name

Purchased locally

Purchased locally

Purchased locally

Purchased from Mexico

?

Purchased from Mexico

Source

drink as

Rheumatism: mix with Yerba de Caballo (not in this collection; ? Senecio sp.) and water to make a bath (3). Menstrual cramping and diarrhea, especially after childbirth:

Beverage: tea

Soon to be discontinued (6/66); doesn't sell

Not on latest list (6/66), perhaps discontinued

Heart trouble: mix with deer's blood, gold leaf, and wine; drink as needed (1)

against evil eye (3)

Use

{]\

\0

no specimen

5262

Larrea tridentata (DC.) Coville [creosote bush]

Foeniculum vulgare [fennel]

unidentified possibly from En.celia farinosa

Asclepias capricornu 5264 Woodson

Hediondilla Governadora

Hinojo

Hojase

Incienso

Inmortal

65.

66.

67.

68.

69.

5360

5263 unidentified possibly Flourensia cernua DC. [Hoja sen]

5261

unidentified [?.pine gum]

Goma de Trementina

64.

5260

Artemisia sp.

Estafiate; Ajenjo

63.

Collected by store keepers in southern New Mexico

Purchased locally

Purchased locally

Large pieces of root

Small pebblelike lumps

Leaves

Purchased from Mexico

Purchased from Mexico

Stems with Purchased umbells, locally seeds, leaves

Stems with leaves

Lumps of various size

Stems with leaves, flowers

burn (3)

~

(3).

Cuts: grind and apply (4). Nosebleed: grind and

Incense:

Cooking herb

Swelling and rheumatism: grind and wrap with cloth around affected area (3)

Stomachache: drink as tea (3). Menstrual cramping and diarrhea: see Escoba de la V1vora.

take as tea with Yerba Buena and Estafiate. (Marquez, 1964)

Stems with leaves and flowers

Stems with leaves and flowers

5265 5266

no specimen

Malva sp.

Matricaria sp. [Chamomile]

Malvas

Manzanilla

73.

74.

[hops]

? Humulus Lupulus

Lupulo

72.

Flowers

Seeds

no specimen

Linum sp. [flax]

Linaza

Leaves

71.

no specimen

Specimen (part sold)

unidentified possibly Litsea sp.

Catalog Number

Laurel, Rojas de

Botanical Name [English Name]

70.

Spanish Name

Popular with Indians as we;; as SpanishAmericans (4). Stomachache: drink as tea (3). Colds: drink as tea Purchased from Mexico, imported from Hungary

Beverage for babies:

(3).

Popular with Indians as well as SpanishAmericans (4). Hemorrhaging (gynecological): drink as tea with raisins added (3).

Ulcers (4). Wave set for hair (4).

Head cold: grind and place on nose with salt to cause sneezing (3). Internal bruises: drink as tea (3).

Use

Purchased locally

Purchased from Mexico

Purchased from Mexico

Purchased from California

different species)

Source

o:>

\.0

? Leaves, probably

Stems with leaves

no specimen

no specimen

5270

Marrubium vulgare [horehound]

no specimen available; probably Myristica sp. [mace]

no specimen available; probably Origanum sp. [sweet marjoram]

unidentified possibly Mentha arvensis

Mastranzo; Mostranzo

Maza

Mejorana

Menta

78.

79.

80.

81.

5361

5269

Artemisia sp.

Mariola

77.

?

Stems with leaves and flowers

Stems with leaves and flowers

Large pieces of root

5268

? Mirabilis multiflora (Torr.) Gray [wild 4 o'clock]

Maravilla, Raiz de

76.

Flowers

5267

unidentified

Maravilla, Flor de

75.

Cooking herb

Purchased from Mexico

Purchased locally

Recently discontinued (6/66)

Boils and other external infections: boil in water and apply (3)

(3)

Rheumatism: grind root into powder and rub on affected areas

Purchased from Mexico

Purchased locally

Purchased locally

Purchased locally

Purchased locally

give sweetened tea (3) Suppositories: see Azufre.

\!) \!)

M;yristica sp. [nutmeg]

Nuez Entera Moscada

87.

no specimen

no specimen

[walnut leaves]

? Juglans sp.

Nogal, Rojas de

86. Whole nutmegs

Leaves

Berries

no specimen

? Juniperus sp.

Nebrina

85.

Leaves, flowers, and seeds

5271

Nepeta sp. [catnip]

Nebada

84.

Seeds

no specimen Leaves

Citrus sp. [orange leaves]

Naranjo, Rojas de

83.

Specimen (part sold)

Catalog Number

no specimen

Brassica sp. [mustard seed]

Mostaza, Semilla de

Botanical Name [English Name]

82.

Spanish Name

Purchased from Mexico

Purchased from California

Purchased from Mexico

Purchased from California or Mexico

Purchased from Mexico

Source

Stomach ailments: powder and add to coffee and drink \5). Headache: grind and place on head (3). Paralysis, one side of face: apply plaster of honey, Punche, cinnamon, and nutmeg; also, dab on cotton and place in ear (3).

For cats

Stomachache: place seeds in cold water and drink (3)

Use

I-' 0 0

Oro Volador

Osha

91.

Oreja de Raton

*89.

90.

Oregano

88.

Ligusticum Porteri Coult. and Rose

not a plant [gold leaf]

unidentified

5274

no specimen

5273c

5273b

5273a;

Monarda menthaefolia 5272 Graham [horsemint]

Large pieces of root

Small pieces of gold leaf

Stem with leaves Stems with leaves and flowers Stems with leaves and flowers

Stems with leaves and flowers

Purchased locally or from Mexico

Purchased from an art shop

Purchased locally

Purchased locally or gathered by storekeepers drink as tea

Stomach ailments: che chew root (3). Snakes (charm): carry a piece to keep them away (3). Suppositories: see Azufre

(3).

Most popular item in collection with both Indians and SpanishAmericans (4). Cuts: grind and apply

(4)

Heart trouble: mix with deer's blood and drink as needed

Cooking herb (3).

(3).

Coughs:

f-' 0 f-'

Flowers and leaves

Leaves and stems

5277

no specimen

no specimen available

Chenopodium ambrosi- 5278 oides L.

unidentified 5279 possibly Petroselinum crispum [parsley] 5280

unidentified

Palo Mediono

Parraco

Pazote; Epazote

Perejil

Pescado, Raiz de

94.

95.

96.

*97.

98.

unidentified

Chips of wood

5276

unidentified

Palo Amargo; Palo Crozuz; Palo Amarillo

93.

Small pieces of root

?

Stems and leaves

Stems with leaves and flowers

5275

unidentified probably Dyssodia papposa (Vent.) Hitchc.

Pague

~ ;,peclmen (part sold)

92.

~ • L.ar:a.Log Number

Botanical Name [English Name]

Spanish Name

Cooking herb

Purchased in winter from Mexico Purchased from Mexico

Stomachache: chew dried leaves (3). Cooking: add to beans for flavor (3).

Recently discontinued (6/66)

Does not appear on either list prepared by the store

Diarrhea: boil flowers in water and drink (3). Stomachache: take as tea (1).

Use

Purchased locally

?

?

Purchased from Mexico

Purchased locally

;,ource

o

1--' 1\)

White peppercorns

Roots

no specimen

5282

Piper nigrum L •' [black pepper]

unidentified

Achillea lanulosa Nutt.

100. Pimienta Enter a

101. Pionilla

102. Plumaj illo

103. Pol ell ito Chino

Stems, leaves Purchased from Mexico and flowers

5286 5287

unidentified

Nicotiana rustica [tobacco]

106. Prodigiosa

107. Punche

Purchased locally from

Purchased locally

Stems

5285a; 5285b; 5250

Ephedra sp.

105. Popotillo; Canutillo

Leaves

See Canutillo

Purchased locally

Stems and leaves

5362

Hedeoma nanum Torr.

104. Poleo

Earache: roll leaves with Ruda to form a

drink as tea Fever: (3)

Purchased locally

Stems, leaves and flowers

5284

unidentified possibly Hedeoma oblongifolia

Stomach ailments: drink as tea (1) (3)

Coughs: take with warm water (3) . Stomachache: take with warm water (3). Cooking: use for seasoning (3).

Stems and leaves Purchased locally

Pruchased from Mexico

Purchased from Mexico or from a spice company in Texas

Purchased from Agriculture: use to a chemical com- treat wheat seed and pany in Colorado corn seed before planting (3)

5283

Lumps of blue minaral

5281

Piedralipe; Piedra Azul

not a plant [copper sulfate]

99.

1-' 0

w

unidentified

Helenium Hoo12esii Gray

unidentified possibly Heracleum lana tum

111. Raiz del Lobo; Yerba del Lobo

112. Raiz del Oso; Yerba del Oso

L.

110. Raiz del Indio

~

Cheno12odium sp. [lamb's quarters]

? Quassia

Botanical Name [English Name]

*109. Quelites

108. Quasia; Cuasia

Spanish Name

5363

5291

5290

Chunks of root

Roots

Pieces of root

Leaves

Wood chips

5288 5289

Specimen (part sold)

Catalog Number

Purchased locally or from Mexico

Purchased locally or from Mexico (the latter may be a different species)

Use

Food: cook with chile, onion, and bacon (3)

cigar; light and blow smoke into ear (3). Tick in ear: boil, dab on cotton, place in ear; tick will come out (3). Suppositories: see Azufre.

Internal bruises: grind and drink with water (3). Constipation: grind, mix with brandy or whiskey and drink. (Van der Eerden, 1948)

Purchased locally or from Mexico

Purchased locally

Purchased from Mexico

Keres an Indians

Source

+

!-' 0

not a plant [resin-like deposit from bees]

Rosmarinus officinalis L. [rosemary]

Artemisia ?filifolia Torr.

Rosa sp. [wild rose]

unidentified

115. Romero

116. Romerillo

ll7. Rosa de Castilla

llS. Rosatilla; Rositilla

no specimen available unidentified

*ll4. Remolino

ll3. Raiz de Sangre; see Yerba de Sangre

5293

no specimen

5292

no specimen

no specimen

no specimen

Stems, leaves

Flowers

Stems with leaves and flowers

Leaves

Removed from store list because it is hard to obtain. Demand always far greater than the supply. Heart trouble: see Alegria.

?

Purchased locally (yellow) or from Mexico (pink)

Purchased locally

Not on most recent list (6/66)

Fever: drink as tea (3) . Sore throats and fever blisters: hold in mouth (3).

Stomach ailments: grind into powder, boil and drink (3). Suppositories: see Azufre.

Purchased from Colds: boil in water Mexico or local- and drink (3). ly on occasion Post-partal hemorrhage: use with heated bricks to fumigate. (Marquez, 1964)

Small pebbles Purchased and resin locally from bees

0

I-' VI

Purchased from Mexico

Leaves Leaves

Dried flakes of blood or a substance resembling blood

5294 5295

no specimen

unidentified

unidentified possibly Salvia sp. or Hyptis sp.

not a plant [deer's blood or dragon's blood]

121. Sagui; Sagu

122. Salvia

*123. Sangre de Venado

Purchased locally or from Mexico which imports it from Malaysia

Purchased from Mexico

Purchased locally

Branch portion with needles

Purchased locally; gathered by the storekeepers locally; or purchased from Mexico

Source

Juniperus communis 5365 L. or Juniperus sibirica Burgsd. [dwarf juniper]

Leaves

Specimen (part sold)

120. Sabino Macho

5364

Catalog Number

Ruta sp.

Botanical Name [English Name]

ll9. Ruda

Spanish Name

Heart trouble: grind with Alegria, Azahar, Anfs, cinnamon, Remolino; add wine and drink (3).

(4).

Popular and expensive. Heart trouble: add with gold leaf to wine and drink as needed

Urinary disorders: drink tea made from needles (3)

Earache: roll leaves with punche to form cigar; light and blow smoke into ear (3)

Use

1-' 0 0'

unidentified

unidentified possibly Rubus sp.

Sassafras sp.

Sambucus mexicana Presl

125. Santa Rita

126. Sarza; Zarza

127. Sasafras

128. Sauco, Flor

Tamarindus indica L.

unidentified possibly Cassia sp. [Senna leaves]

not a plant [crude sodium bicarbonate]

130. Tamarindo

131. Te de Sena

132. Tequesquite

129. Sebadilla see Cebadilla

unidentified

124. Sanguinaria

5301

no specimen

no specimen

5299

no specimen

5298

5297

5296

Purchased from Mexico

Purchased from Mexico or a spice company in Texas

Purchased from Mexico

?

Purchased from Mexico or locally on occasion

Lumps of rock

Leaves

Purchased locally

Purchased from Mexico

Dried fruit-- Purchased from bean pods Mexico

Flowers with seeds

Bark of roots

Flower petals

Stems, leaves, flowers

Stems and roots with a few leaves

boil and

Baking: e.g. in puchas (a type of cookie) (3)

Laxative: drink (3)

Tonic: good for blood; drink as tea (1)

Not on most recent list (6/66). Discontinued?

1-'

Q

Stomach ailments: drink as tea (3) Stomachache: drink as tea (3). Suppositories: see Azufre.

Purchased from Mexico or locally Purchased from Mexico or locally Purchased locally or from Mexico when necessary

Stems, leaves and flowers Stems with a few leaves, flowers Leaves

5304 5305

nq specimen

no specimen

unidentified

? Nama sp.

Verbena sp.

Mentha spicata L.

137. Tronadora

138. Ventosidad

139. Verbena

140. Yerba Buena

Purchased from Mexico or locally on occasion Purchased from Mexico

Stems, leaves, flowers (a few) Stems and some seeds

?

Doesn't. sell; soon to be discontinued (6/66)

5303

unidentified

?

Recently discontinued (6/66)

136. Tranze

no specimen

Purchased from Mexico

no specimen available unidentified

Use

135. Trabul

Pieces of stem

Purchased from Mexico

Source

? Cedronella mexica- 5302 na Benth.

Leaves

Specimen (part sold)

134. Toronjil

5366

Catalog Number

unidentified possibly Thymus sp. [thyme?]

Botanical Name [English Name]

133. Tornillo

Spanish Name

(]:)

I-' 0

no specimen 5309

Euphorbia sp.

unidentified possibly Gaura sp. or Oenothera sp.

Helenium Hoopesii Gray

Anemopsis californi- 5310 ca (Nutt.) Hook. and Arn.

145. Yerba del Golpe

146. Yerba del Lobo see Raiz del Lobo

147. Yerba del Manzo; Yerba Manza

5308 5367

5307

5306

144. Yerba de la Golondrina

Atriplex sp.

unidentified

142. Yerba Cancer

143. Yerba de Chamizo see also Chamiza, Yerba de

? Grindelia aphanactis Rydb.

141. Yerba del Buey

Stems

Stems with leaves

Leaves and .stems

Stems and leaves

Stems, leaves

Stems, leaves and flowers

Purchased locally or from Mexico on

Purchased locally or from Mexico

Purchased locally or from Mexico

?

Purchased from Mexico

Purchased locally

Diarrhea: drink as tea (1). Boils: use infusion

Not on either list prepared by the store under this name

Menstrual cramping and diarrhea: see Escoba de la Vfvora.

I-' 0

\0

Purchased locally or from Mexico Purchased locally or from Mexico Purchased locally or from Mexico

Leaves

Leaves and flower parts Stems and burrs Stems and flowers

5314 5315a 5315b

? Eriodict:y:on agustifolium Nutt.

unidentified possibly Franseria sp. or Eryngium sp.

153. Yerba Santa

*154. Yerba del Sapo

(Jones, 1932)

Rheumatism: grind and apply externally (3)

Hair rinse (1)

5368

Purchased locally or from Mexico

Use as wash.

Berberis reEens

Stems and leaves

Purchased locally

Purchased from Mexico

occasion

Source

152. Yerba de Sangre

151. Yerba del Oso see Raiz del Oso

unidentified 5313 possibly Tagetes sp.

150. Yerbaniz

Stems with leaves and flowers

5312

SEhaeralcea sp.

149. Yerba de la Negrita

Leaves

Specimen (part sold)

5311

Catalog Number

? Ilex sp.

Botanical Name [English Name]

148. Yerba Mate

Spanish Name

I-' 0

*158. Zuelda de Zuelda

157. Zarzaparilla

no specimen

unidentified Stems and leaves Stems with thorns and leaves

5316b

Stems and roots

Leaves

5316a

unidentified 5369 possibly Smilax sp.; Humulus americanus; or Krameria sp.

156. Zacate Limon; Cymbopogon citratus Te Limon

155. Yerba de la Vivora see Escoba de la Vivora

Purchased from Mexico

Purchased from Mexico

Purchased from Mexico

drink as

Broken bones: use to make casts (1)

Tonic: take as tea, good for blood (1)

Beverage: tea

1-' 1-' 1-'

112

NOTES IDENTIFIED WITH A (*) ON THE CHARTS 11.

Altamisa. The information given by informants was inconsistent. Often this term is used to refer to either of the two different plants noted. The Artemisia grows wild locally while the Chrysanthemum would grow locally only if planted. The latter is similar to Manzanilla. The former resembles Tansy (Tanacetum vulgare) which is confused with it by some individuals and used similarly.

28.

Cachana. Published works consulted do not suggest which plant (or plants) is the source of this very commonly used root. A flower (Flor de Cachana) was identified by V.H. Jones and R.I. Ford as ~ri; sp., but no sample of root accompanied this flower. From the numerous different specimens of Cachana shown to me by informants I can only suggest that there may be more than one plant in northern New Mexico.

38.

Cardo Santo. This name refers to several different plants in northern New Mexico and Mexico, and the uses vary. A positive identification of th~ specimen was not possible, and it is likely that the store may purchase different plants under this name on different occasions.

47.

Chamiza, Chamizo, and Chamisa. Various published sources and various informants seem to confuse these terms. The first two names usually refer to Atriplex except when another word is added, such as Gediondo (#46:). The third name is usually for Chrysothamnus nauseosus (rabbit-brush).

89.

Oreja de~· Positive identification was not possible. The three different samples were not all from the same plant. Different plants were undoubtedly sold to the store on different occasions under the same name.

97.

Perejil. My best informants did not know this term as a name for parsley.

109. Quelites. Several species of Amaranthus are also known by this name, The term is used in much the same way as "greens" is used in certain American (English) dialects. 114. Remolino. The term literally means "whirlwind." This substance is used by San Juan Indians to treat "windstrike" which usually includes among its symptoms partial facial paralysis. This condition is thought to be caused by a whirlwind. 115. Sangre de Venado. The imported type is probably "Dragon's Blood," a substance from a type of palm tree. The locally pur-

113

chased type is apparently actual dried blood from a deer. 154. Yerba del Sapo. Positive identification was not possible. Several different plants are known by this name in the Southwest and in Mexico. Again, different plants are probably purchased by the store at different times under the same name. 158. Zuelda de Zuelda. Two different plants were being sold at the same time under this name. Neither was identifiable.

APPENDIX F A GLOSSARY OF SPANISH-NAMED MEDICINAL PLANTS This glossary brings together a considerable amount of medicinal herb data from many different sources both published and unpublished. It has grown from my interest in Hispano medicinal practices in northern New Mexico. Many plants used by New Mexican Hispanos, as well as by certain Pueblo Indian groups, are widely used in Mexico and in areas of the southwestern United States. Also, a particular Spanish name may apply to several different plants in different geographical areas. Most botanical reference books provide few local Spanish names, and ethnographic'works often are incomplete with respect to either the Spanish name or the botanical identifications. Thus, it seemed appropriate to collate what appeared to be the best published ethnobotanical data, together with several unpublished bodies of data, including my own field notes, principally from the summer of 1966. The data in Appendices A-E are included in the glossary. All of these collections, including my own field collections, are deposited at the Ethnobotanical Laboratory at the University of Michigan. In addition, mention should be made of , the inclusion of information from the unpublished manuscripts by Riley and Trujillo (1956), and Schulman and Smith (1962). All sources used to compile the glossary are included in the bibliography. The supplement includes plants for which a Spanish name was lacking but other information was available in the literature and collections consulted. Informants for data gathered by me are as follows: 1 = a middle-aged Hispano woman who has gathered medicinal data from relatives and friends, including several medicas, in the Santa Fe area. la = an elderly Hispano woman, mother of #1. 2 a middle-aged woman living near Espanola, who, though born in Mexico, has many local contacts. 3 an elderly Hispano woman living near Espanola who has considerable first-hand knowledge of herbs and medicinal practices in the area. She provided the greatest quantity of information. 4 a middle-aged Hispano woman, one of the proprietors of Roybal's Store (see also Appendix E) in Santa Fe during the early 1960s, who handled the purchasing of the herbs at the store. 4a a middle-aged Hispano man who was an employee of Ro~bal's Store in 1966. A knowledgable herb dealer, he had his own store by 1969.

115

ll6 5 6 7

8

a middle-aged Tewa Indian man who has many Hispano contacts in the Espanola area. a late middle-aged mestizo, born in Zacatecas, living in Mexico City in 1966. a middle-aged Tewa woman, married to a Hispano, living with her elderly Tewa grandmother, who was bilingual (Tewa and Spanish) and knowledgeable in local plant lore, Hispanic as well as Tewa. a late middle-aged vendor of herbs at the Juarez Market in 1965.

Kidney troubles and cloudy urine: ,mix with Manzanilla (Malvaviscus) and cornsilk and boil, drink at night Riley and Trujillo, 1956

DurangoDurango

unidentified

Croup

Shulman and Smith, 1962

Eye trouble: (caused in a baby by the approach of an individual who has recently had sexual intercourse) boil with raisins, Sauca (Sambucus mexicana Presl.), and umbilical cords

Aceitilla

4.

New MexicoSpanish

Massage: "it calms the nerves" use with pine pitch. Earache: use with cloves •

Shulman and Smith, 1962

Rheumatic pains: apply to affected area and cover with leaves of wild tobacco and warm cloths

Use

Redfield, 1928 Field, 1953

not a plant -burnt sugar and kerosene

Aceite Quemado

3.

New MexicoSpanish

Shulman and Smith, 1962

Reference

Valley of Mexico-Tepotzlan

not a plant olive oil

Aceite de Olivo

2.

New MexicoSpanish

Location

Bidens leucantha (L.) Willd.

not a plant -linseed oil?

Aceite tin as

Botanical Name

1.

Spanish Name

1-'

~

Pillows: use for stuffing Baskets: weave leaves See Estafiate

Curtin, 1947 Curtin, 1947

New MexicoSpanish

Typha latifolia

Aguapa

Agenjo

7.

8.

Artemisia mexicana Willd.

New MexicoSpanish

Diarrhea: crush seeds of mature fruits and make tea. Aching gums: place crushed seeds between cheek and gums. Goiter: apply poultice. Wounds and inflammation: apply pulp of mature fruit. Pennington, 1963a

ChihuahuaTepehuan

Persea americana ---

Aguacate

6.

L.

Food: boil, drain and fry leaves or add to beans

Pennington, 1963b

ChihuahuaTarahumar

Bidens bigelovii

Acetilla

Kidney troubles: boil fresh or dry leaves and take liquid each night as needed

Riley and Trujillo, 1956

DurangoSan Pedro (across river from La Ferreria)

Kidney trouble: boil dry stems and leaves, leave overnight, drink as needed for next 9 days

Use

unidentified

Riley and Trujillo, 1956

Reference

DurangoLa Ferreria

Location

unidentified

Botanical Name

5.

Spanish Name

CP

I-' I-'

Stomach trouble and fever: apply plaster of ginger and Punche (Nicotiana) to soles of feet overnight Diphtheria: as preventative, wear around neck. Toothache: crush clove of garlic against gum. Earache: place on lamb's wool with salt and place in ear. Flatulence: roast, clean, chew and swallow with cold water.

Van Der Eerden, 1948

Curtin, 1947

San Lu:!s Potos:!-Charcas New MexicoSpanish

New MexicoSpanish

New MexicoSpanish

Pellaea cordata (Cav.) J. Sm.

Zingiber officinale Roscoe

Zingiber officinale Roscoe

Allium sativum L.

11. Ajo

Ford, 1966

Whiting, 1934 Stomachache: add to coffee or water and drink (3). Fever: add to water for foot bath (1).

San Lu:ls Potos:l-Charcas

Oxalis leonia -----Knuth Whiting, 1934

Whiting, 1934

San Lu!s Potos:!-Charcas

Oxalis albicans H.B.K.

Agrito

10. Ajenjibre

9.

Anger sickness: make tea with other "hot" herbs (e.g., anise, cedr~n) if person so afflicted has also eaten mushrooms

Madsen, 1965

Valley of Mexico-Tepepan

Artemisia vulgaris

(Ajenjo)

•

1-' i-' \0

Bruises, aching joints, wounds: apply heated leaves

Owen, 1963

Lundell, 1934

Baja CaliforniaPaipai San Lu!s Potos!Charcas

Populus fremontii Wats.

Populus sp.

Parturition: take decoction to stimulate birth Pennington, 1963b

ChihuahuaTarahumar

Populus tremuloides

14. Alamo

15. Alamo Blanco, Corteza de

Menstrual pains, to stimulate parturition, and/or as tonic after parturition: make tea with bark Pennington, 1963a

Food: an ingredient of mole sauce (1).

High blood pressure: roast and use internally. Asthma: externally. Pus: use to draw out and place in bandage of wound to ward off infection.

Snakebite: apply poultice of fresh nt11shed plant. Charm to rid girl of suitor: place at crossroads.

Use

ChihuahuaTepehuan

Ford, 1966

Shulman and Smith, 1962

New MexicoSpanish

New MexicoSpanish

Reference

Location

Populus tremuloides

L.

Sesamum indicum

Botanical Name

13. Alamillo

12. Ajonjoli

Spanish Name

0

~

Ocimum basilicum L.

18. Albaca; Albahaca

Populus wislizeni Wats.

Populus angustifolia James

~amo de Hoja Redonda

17. Alamo Sauce

16.

Swollen gums or ulcerated tooth: dip cotton in cold water and apply to affected area Fever: tea from flower; tea from bark. Sweat baths: bark used. Menstrual and labor pains: tea. Diarrhea: tea with sugar and nutmeg. Emmenagogue: eat a pinch, drink water. Earache: grind leaves, add oil and place drops in ear. Appetite (to increase): boil and take as tea. Colic: give sweetened tea to babies. Charm: for good luck and to correct wayward husband.

Curtin, 1947

Shulman and Smith, 1962 Curtin, 1947

New MexicoSpanish

New MexicoSpanish New MexicoSpanish

Boils: make poultice of ashes of burned bark, cornmeal and water. Dropsy: take decoction of leaves. Broken bones: simmer bark to make thick syrup to apply as cast. Food: eat young pods of female tree raw.

Curtin, 1947

New MexicoSpanish

I-'

I-' [\)

CoahuilaTorreon

Ocimum basilicum L.

Kelly, 1965

Valley of Redfield, Mexico-Tepotzlan 1928

Ocimum micranthum Willd.

Ford and Ford, 1965

(Albahaca)

ChihuahuaJuarez

Ford, 1966

Ocimum -L.

basilicum

New MexicoSpanish

L.

Ocimum basilicum

Van Der Eerdon, 1948

Shulman and Smith, 1962

New MexicoSpanish

New MexicoSpanish

Reference

Location

Ocimum basilicum --L.

Botanical ·Name

(Albaca)

(Alvacar)

Spanish Name

Stomachache: drink decoction. Eye trouble: bathe face if afflicted with "tissue growth" in the eyes. Cleansing (magical): use as a spray.Gynecological hemorrhaging: take tea (other ingredients also) following miscarriage (spiritualist prescription).

Earache: place small amount in ear

Stomachache: add to coffee or water and drink (3)

Parturition (to hasten): make tea

Stomachache: tea. Aire: grind up with coriander, cinnamon, anise and nuts and rub on face while sweating.

Use

f--'

1\) 1\)

not a plant -white talc

Pisum satium [dried peas]

unidentified [wild peas]

Cleome sp.

Cinnamomum camphora Nees and Eberm. [camphor]

20. Albayalde

21. Alberjon

22. Alberjon de Patito

23. Alcachopa

24. Alcanfor

New MexicoSpanish

ZacatecasZacatecas

New MexicoSpanish

New MexicoSpanish

New MexicoSpanish

New MexicoSpanish

ZacatecasZacatecas

Ocilnum sp.

Prunus Armeniaca L.

Nueva LeonMonterrey

Scutellaria sp.

19. Albaricoque, Hueso de

(Albacar)

Curtin, 1947

Riley and Trujillo, 1956

Shulman and Smith, 1962

Shulman and Smith, 1962

Ford, 1966

Curtin, 1947

Riley and Trujillo, 1956

Lundell, 1934

Rheumatism: rub on joints with whiskey. Headache and faintness: inhale aroma.

Liver ailments caused by overdrinking: boil leaves and stems and take infusion twice daily as needed

Aire, headaches and dizziness

Headache

Dry nose: grind pit of kernel and place in nostrils (especially for babies). Goiter: apply poultice of ground kernel pit

Vomiting: boil stems and leaves; take as needed.

1-' 1\)

w

New MexicoSpanish

New MexicoSpanish New MexicoSpanish

Amaranthus paniculatus L.

Amaranthus cruentus L.

Amaranthus cruentus L.

27. Alegrfa

DurangoEl Torreon (near La Ferreria)

unidentified

26. Alconfor

New MexicoSpanish

Ford, 1966

Shulman and Smith, 1962

Curtin, 1947

Riley and Trujillo, 1956

Ford, 1966

Pennington, 1963a

Shulman and Smith, 1962

New MexicoSpanish ChihuahuaTepehuan

Reference

Location

unidentified white powder ?zinc sulfate

Artemisia mexicana

Botanical Name

25. Alcaparrosa

Spanish Name

Heart trouble: grind with cinnamon, Remolino and deer's blood; add to wine and take periodically (3)

Retardation: boil with pine, give to help retarded child speak

Cosmetic: make facial and apply to protect face from sun. Tuberculosis, heart trouble, jaundice: use to bathe. Heart trouble: boil flowers, strain, sweeten and drink.

Ear trouble: apply wet section of herb to ear

Asthma (4)

Colds: take tea

Wounds: treat infections

Use

f\)

1-'

..,..

New MexicoSpanish

New MexicoSpanish ChihuahuaJuarez

Erodium -cicutarium --L'Her.

Erodium cicutarium L'Her.

Erodium cicutarium L'Her.

31. Alfilerillo

New MexicoSpanish

San Lu:!s Potos:!-Charcas

Medicago sativa L.

Melilotus alba Desr.

New MexicoSpanish

Medicago sativa L.

30. Alfalfon

New MexicoSpanish

Medicago sativa L.

29. Alfalfa

San Lu:!s Potos:!-Charcas

Cowania plicata D. Don

28. Alej and ria

Ford and Ford, 1965

Ford, 1966

Curtin, 1947

Curtin, 1947

Whiting, 1934

Ford, 1966

Curtin, 1947

Lundell, 1934

Urinary disorders: make tea and drink (1)

Diuretic: boil and drink. Rheumatism: boil in water and bathe. Gonorrhea: make decoction with Yerba del Burro (Distichlis spicata), Piloncillo> drink lukewarm, twice daily.

Bedbugs: place flowering plant between mattresses. Flies: hang branches in room to attract flies, then remove from house. Linens: use to sweeten them when stored.

For las reses (cattle )

Stomach pains: use seeds (1)

Bedbug repellent

f\)

I-' Vl

Pennington, 1963a Kearney and Peebles, 1964

ChihuahuaTepehuan ChihuahuaTepehuan Texas New MexicoSpanish

Verbena elegans var. asperata

Acacia pennatula

Berberis trifolio lata

Lavandula spica L. [lavender]

32. Alfrombrillo

33. Algarroba

34. Algerita

35. Alhucema

Curtin, 1947

Pennington, 1963a

Riley and Trujillo, 1956

DurangoEl Torre6n near La Ferreria

Whiting, 1934 Lundell, 1934

Reference

Erodium sp.

Location San Lu!s Potos!-Charcas

Botanical Name

Erodium cicutarium L'Hh.

Spanish Name

decoct

Menstrual hemorrhaging: grind and mix with Manzanilla; apply with warm rag. Purification: use as incense in sick room and for mother .three days after childbirth. Parturition: fumigate to facilitate difficult birth. Phlegm (in babies): give tea of seeds to nursing mother or chew seeds, place in small bag and put in

Venereal disease: bark and drink

Stomach disorders: take as tea. Catarro (influenza): take as tea.

Body sores: grind leaves in fine powder and sprinkle over sore after washing

Sore throat: boil in water and gargle

Use

0'\

[\)

1-'

Platanus Wrightii

Lavandula sp.

(Alucema)

36. Aliso

Lavandula sp.

Lundell, 1934 Pennington, 1963b

ChihuahuaTarahumar

Van Der Eerden, 1948

Ford, 1966

Shulman and Smith, 1962

Nueva LeonMonterrey

New MexicoSpanish

New MexicoSpanish

Lavandula sp.

{Aluzema)

New MexicoSpanish

Lavandula sp.

use seed

Medicinal tea: use bark

Post-partum hemorrhage: smoke patient with dry flower petals or grind into powder, place on cloth and wear as sanitary pad. Tea for babies: give to newborns until colostrum gone from mother.

Stomach gas: take as tea (especially for babies) (1). Coughs: take as tea (1).

Stomachache:

baby's mouth. Colic (in babies, from first milk): apply tea to nipple. Vomiting: take dry leaves. Stomach trouble: take as tea.

f-'

~

unidentified (resin)

39. Alquitran

El dafio (local form of evil eye): cook with Tripa de Judas (Parietaria pennsylvanica Muhl.) and give to afflicted children Stomachache: boil plant without root and use Parturition: midwife gives snuff made with ~ Collalle, Punche, and Altamisa Sometimes confused with and used as Altamisa de la Sierra

Redfield, 1928

Shulman and Smith, 1962 Robbins, et al., 1916

Ford, 1966

Valley of Mexico-Tepotzlan

New MexicoSpanish New MexicoTewa area

New MexicoSpanish

Chrvsanthemum

unidentified (aster family)

Artemisia sp.

Tanacetum vulgare L.

40. Alta Mesa

41. Altamisa

Fever: use as tea

Incense: burn (3)

Medicinal herb

Facial swelling: grind white beans, Mastranso (Marrubium vulgare L.), and this resin and rub on afflicted areas

Use

New MexicoSpanish Shulman and Smith, 1962

Ford, 1966

Lundell, 1934

Curtin, 1947

Reference

unidentified

(Alquitran, Flor de)

Nueva LeonMonterrey

unidentified

38. Almorrana New MexicoSpanish

New MexicoSpanish

Juniperus ~sperma (Engelm.) Sarg.

37. Almacigo de Sabina

Location

Botanical Name

Spanish Name

I-' OJ

1\)

Chr1santhemum parthenium Pers.

Artemisia franserioides Greene

43. Altamisa Mexicana

44. Altamisa de la Sierra New MexicoSpanish

New MexicoSpanish

CoahuilaSaltillo

San Lu!s Potos:l-Charcas

Zaluzania triloba (Ort.) Pres.

unidentified

San Lu!s Potos:l-Charcas

Parthenium lyratum Gray

42. Altamisa de Castilla

ChihuahuaJuarez

unidentified

Stomachaches Menstrual problems (failure to menstruate): boil in large quantities and use in sitz bath. Also, same uses as listed below for Altamisa de la Sierra. Col;i.c: chew fresh leaves with salt. Colds: grind leaves and make tea. Stomachache: grind leaves and make tea. Diarrhea: grind leaves and make tea. Constipation: make suppositories with this,Punche, Afiil del Muerto (Verbesina encelioides), honey, Piloncill~, and laundry soap.

Lundell, 1934 Curtin, 1947

Curtin, 1947

Whiting, 1934

Whiting, 1934

Ford and Ford, 1965

~

\()

not a plant -alum

47. Alumbre, Piedre

SO. Amapola

49. Alvacar see Albaca

Oenothera triloba Oenothera laciniata

Anoda acerifolia (Zucc.) DC. Anoda hastata Cav.

46. Altea (see also Flor Altea)

48. Aluzema see Alhucema

Valley of MexicoTepotzlan

Piqueria trinervia Cav.

45. Alta Reina (Harta Reina)

ChihuahuaTarahumar

New MexicoSpanish

Western Mexico

Location

Botanical Name

Spanish Name

Pennington, 1963b

Ford, 1966

Rose, 1899

Redfield, 1928

Reference

Food: boil leaves, salt, and eat as greens or add to atole

Burns: apply to affected area (1). Teeth (to tighten): make powder and use in a mouthwash.

Stomach inflammation: mix leaves with olive oil and take

Los aires (evil spirits): use with other herbs for washing. Fever: boil with Malva parviflora, Yerba de San Jose· (Verbena .Pili_stachya) and Rosa de Cas· tilla (Rosa sp.) and drink infusion.

Use

J--' 0

w

Stomach upsets: make tea from whole plant Cough: boil in water

Cough: boil in water Cough: boil in water Stimulant: make tea from stem and leaves Medicinal plant Food: eat fruit Bathing: use root for soap Washing clothes and hair: use roots for soap (1), (3), (5).

Whiting, 1934

Whiting, 1934 Whiting, 1934 Pennington, 1963a Whiting, 1934 Whiting, 1934 Van Der Eerden, 1948 Ford, 1966

San Lufs Potosf-Charcas San Lufs Potosf-Charcas San Lufs Potosf-Charcas ChihuahuaTepehuan San Lufs Potosf-Charcas San Lufs Potosf-Charcas New MexicoSpanish New MexicoSpanish

Oenothera Gre~gii var. Pringelei Munz

Galpinsia hartwegi (Benth.) Britton

unidentified

unidentified

unidentified

Prunus armeniaca

Yucca sp.

Yucca sp.

51. Amargo

52. Amarrio

53. Amole

~

Pennington, 1963a

Oenothera ChihuahuaTepehuan

(see also Yerba del Golpe)

1-'

t;

54. Amolillo

Spanish Name

Food: eat fruit. Washing: use root for soap. Fiber: make rope from leaves. Washing: use roots for soap Washing hair or clothes: dissolve in hot water

Robbins et al., 1916

Zingg, 1932 Jones, 1932

New MexicoTewa area

Chihuahua, Chihuahua Chihuahua, Juarez New MexicoSpanish

Agave sp.

unidentified

Glycyrrhiza lepid-ota Nutt.

Curtin, 1947

Post-parturition (to facilitate delivery of the afterbirth): mash roots, froth in water, strain and drink.

Washing: hair and woolens

Yucca baccata

Shulman and Smith, 1962

New MexicoSpanish

Washing clothes (especially wool): use root for soap. Stimulant: boil, mash young shoots; cook juice longer; red liquid taken by Penitentes to make them brave. Rheumatism: rub syrup on joints. Gonorrhea: crush root, boil, and take warm tea daily.

Use

Yucca sp.

Curtin, 1Y47

Reference

New MexicoSpanish

Location

Yucca sp.

Botanical Name

I-' T\)

l;J

Cosmos parviflorus (Jacq.) H.B.K.

"near Ageratum in Eupatoriae"

unidentified

AngE!lica sp.

Houstonia acerosa Gray

Pimpinella anisum L.

55. Amores

56. Amula

57. Anecillo

58 . Angelica

59. Angrelitas

60. An:!s New MexicoSpanish

San Luis Potosi-Charcas

ZacatecasZacatecas

ChihuahuaParral

CoahuilaTorreon

New MexicoSpanish

Curtin, 1947

Whiting, 1934

Riley and Trujillo, 1956

Riley and Trujillo, 1956

Kelly, 1965

Curtin, 1947

Painful shoulders and chest: toast, grind seeds; mix with whiskey and rub on. Stomach trouble, cough and colic: take seeds as tea. Pneumonia: grind seeds, inmortal and drink with hot water. Carminative: take with Azahar

Restrained urine

Stomach troubles: boil plant (without root) in water; take as needed

Body sores: grind leaves in fine powder and sprinkle over sore after washing

"Bilis": use with other ingredients in a tea for complications related to bilis

Purge: take as tea. Chest colds: give tea to children. Whooping cough: take tea of dried flowers.

To cleanse uterus: drink liquid unstrained.

t; w

To calm nerves and aid sleep: take as tea (1). Baking: use as An:!s· Stomach trouble: drink decoction

Lundell, 1934 Ford, 1966

Zingg, 1932

ChihuahuaJuarez Nueva LeonMonterrey New MexicoSpanish ChihuahuaChihuahua

Pimpinella anisum L.

Pimpinella anisum L.

Illicium~

Tagetes micrantha Cav.

61. An{s Estrella

62. Anisillo

(An:!s Chico)

Jones, 1932

New MexicoSpanish

Pimpinella anisum L.

L.

Aire: see Albacar. Cough or phlegm in children. Colds. Tuberculosis: mix with Brazfl and Copalqufn.

Shulman and Smith, 1962

Food and beverage: use on bread and in 'wine making

Colds (to cause sweat to break a cold): take tea made from seeds (3). Heart trouble: see Alegr:!a for recipe (3). Baking: use in sweet rolls and biscochitos (3)

Ford, 1966

and Remolino New MexicoSpanish

Use

Pimpinella anisum

Reference

Location

Botanical Name

Spanish Name

~

~

Robbins et al., 1916 Curtin, 1947

New MexicoTewa area New MexicoSpanish

Helianthus annuus L. ~

65 . Aiiil del Muerto

Hemorrhoids: powder with punche and apply with warm cloth. Swelling of the lungs and liver trouble: take three times daily ground with sugar, vinegar and cold water. Flatulence: drink tea

Ulcers: boil whole top of flower in water and drink (3) (1). Swelling: boil, take liquid with salt when "one has a swollen body." Laxative.

Curtin, 1947

Marquez, 1964 Ford, 1966

Shulman and Smith, 1962

New MexicoSpanish

New MexicoSpanish New MexicoSpanish New MexicoSpanish

Verbesina encelioides (Ca~ Benth.

Verbesina encelioides (Ca~ Benth.

? gold weed aster family

Rheumatism: use leaves to prepare bath

not medicinal

Stomach trouble and colic: chew leaf with salt, wash down with water or boil whole plant to make tea.

Verbesina encelioides ·cav:--

Helianthus L.

64. Aiiil

Curtin, 1947

New MexicoSpanish

Artemisia redolens Artemisia Gray

63. Anisate

t; V1

unidentified

Durango-Llano Grande (near La Ferreria)

Riley and Trujillo, 1956

DurangoLa Ferreria

Heterotheca sp.

Riley and Trujillo, 1956

Lundell, 1934

Lundell, 1934

San Lu!s Potos:C-Charcas

Grindelia oxr lepsis Greene

Aplopoppus spinulosus var. turbinellus (Rydb) Blake

Whiting, 1934

San Lu:fs Potos:C-Charcas

Gaillardia nervosa Rydb.

lochia

68. Arnica

Inflammation: use to bathe

Lundell, 1934

Flesh wounds: boil whole plant with root and use as wash

Bruises from blows, falls and swollen legs: boil plant and use as wash or soak

Wounds: place flowers in alcohol; apply as needed

Rheumatism: pulverize, mix with alcohol and ferment. Rub on affected areas before vapor bath. Then rub on again and keep warm.

Food and medicine: boil

Lundell, 1934

Valley of Field, 1953 Mexico-Tepotzlan

San Lu!s Potos:C-Charcas

unidentified

Use

Reference

Aristolochia sp.

Nueva LeonMonterrey

Location

unidentified

Botanical Name

67. Aristo-

66. Apio

Spanish Nam(;.

0\

t;;

New MexicoSpanish

New MexicoSpanish

Oryza sativa [rice]

unidentified

Zea mays [corn gruel]

Carthamus tinetorius L.

Carthamus tine-

71. Arroz

72. Ascona

73. Atole

74. Azafran

New MexicoSpanish

ZacatecasZacatecas

New MexicoSpanish

San Lu!s Potos!-Charcas

Bouteloua gracilis (H.B .K.) Lag.

70. Artiguilla

New MexicoSpanish

Artemisia sp.

69. Artemisia Yerba

Ford, 1966

Curtin, 1947

Shulman and Smith, 1962

Riley and Trujillo, 1956

Shulman and Smith, 1962

Whiting, 1934

White, 1941

Measles: give tea to help them "break out" (3) (1). Fever: take tea (3) (1). Cooking: use as coloring and flavoring in soups, meatballs (3) (1). Dye: use to dye wool yellow (3).

Measles: soak flowers in cold water until water is yellow, strain, drink 1/2 glass at a time to bring out rash and reduce fever

Parturition: preferred food after delivery

Inflammations (internal and external): boil branches and use for bath; make a compress or boil and drink as needed. Sore throat: make infusion and gargle.

Heart ailments: use to prevent

I-'

w

--l

New MexicoSpanish

[false saffron]

Polianthes tuberosa L.

77. Azucena

Food: candy

Prevention of abortion (which will occur if a pregnant woman gets a sudden craving for a food

Redfield, 1928

Valley of Mexico-Tepotzlan

Riley and Trujillo, 1956

ZacatecasZacate(".as

Ford, 1966

Lundell, 1934

Nueva LeonMonterrey

Citris sp.

Most ailments: grind flowers, place in warm water and drink (3). Heart trouble: for recipe see Alegr!a. To calm nerves and aid sleep: make tea and drink (2).

Measles: use in tea to make them come out

Use

New MexicoSpanish

White, 1941

New MexicoSpanish

Citris sp.

not a plant -rack candy

Ford, 1966

Shulman and Smith, 1962

Reference

New MexicoSpanish

Citris sp.

Location

Botanical Name

76. Azucarcan (Piedra Azucar)

see also Flor de Naranjo

(Asar de Naranjo)

(Flor A5ar)

75. Azahar de Naranjo (Azar)

Spanish Name

I-' CXl

w

Chorizanthe fimbriata Nutt.

Pisonia capitata (S. Wats.) Standley

79. Bachata (see also Yerba del Empacho)

80. Bainora Prieto

81. Baraca (see Flor de Baraca)

sulphur

78. Azufre

ChihuahuaTarahumar

Baja CaliforniaPaipai

New MexicoSpanish

Bennett and Zingg, 1935

Owen, 1963

Ford, 1966

Fever: grind leaves with warm water; strain juice into fresh water; warm and drink

Diarrhea: make tea for infants from small branches

(1).

Most ailments: mix with water and drink (3). Boils: apply powder (3). Suppositories: one of many ingredients (Punche, Manzanilla, Osha, Romerillo, Yerba Bueno, Piloncillo -grind and mix with honey, tar soap and rolled into shape) (3). Cough: make into syrup with molasses

which cannot be satisfied): take potion of this plant, Flor de San Diego (Laelia sp.), sugar and chocolate.

c:; \.0

85. Barbasco

Maiz

Croton texensis (Kl.) Muell. Arg.

Zea mays

84. Barba de

New MexicoSpanish

Curtin, 1947

Ford, 1966

Lundell, 1934

San Lu!s Potos!Charcas

Cocos nucifera L.

83. Barba de coco New MexicoSpanish

Wooton and Standley, 1915

New Mexico

82. Barba de chivo Whiting, 1934

Reference

Clematis Drummondii T. and G.

Location San Luis PotosiCharcas

Botanical Name

Clematis Drummondii T. and G.

Spanish·Name

Insecticide: remove bedbugs by placing under mattress or by placing on hot coals to smoke them out in closed room. Earache: place seed in lamb's wool and put in ear. Headache, neuralgia: apply green or dry leaves to head or inhale smoke. Purge: take powder in warm water. Paralysis: use strong infusion to bathe.

Urinary disorders: make tea of corn silk and drink as diuretic (1). Witches: they use corn silk to bewitch (3).

Frightened animals: use leaves. Skin eruptions: press leaf between fingers and rub on affected areas.

Use

0

~

Pithecoctenium sp.

Cosmos Pringlei

(see also Mata Gusano)

89. Bejuco de Huico

Anemopsis californica Hook.

ChihuahuaJuarez

Anemopsis californica Hook. & Arn.

(Hoja de babisa)

ChihuahuaJuarez

Anemopsis californica Hook, & Arn.

88. Bavisa (Babisa or Manza)

West Mexico

ChihuahuaTarahumar

ChihuahuaChihuahua

Arizona

Baccharis glutinosa Pers.

87. Batamote

New MexicoSpanish

unidentified

New MexicoSpanish

Croton sp.

86. Barbo

New MexicoSpanish

Croton texensis (K1.) Muell. Arg.

Rose, 1899

Pennington, 1963b

Zingg, 1932

Ford and Ford, 1965

Jones, 1932

Kearney and Peebles, 1964

Shulman and Smith, 1962

Shulman and Smith, 1962

Ford, 1966

Headache: apply large winged seeds to temples

Headaches: use roots to make tea. Intestin~l disorders: make tea from roots. Sores (from maggots or worms): use pulverized roots for poultice.

Sores and boils: boil leaves and roots; use decoction as wash

Sores: use to wash (8)

Boils: use infusion as wash

Heart trouble: boil with Oja del Aurelia and drink

Laxative

Rheumatism: grind dry leaves, mix with honey and rub on swollen areas (3)

+:!--'

!--'

96. Berro

95. Berguensa see Yerba de la Verguensa

94. Berbena ocea de Lagayinas

93. Berbena see Verbena

Rendle

....,.:;.,;;.;::..;:=:.;;;. _ Radicula _____ nasturtium (L.) Britten 1

Guazuma ulmifolia

Porophyllum filiferme Rydb.

Sp~nish

New Mexico-

Curtin, 1947

Lundell, 1934

San Lu1s Petos!- Whiting, 1934 Charcas

Heart trouble: eat greens • Kidneys: eat greens. Tuberculosis: crush finely in cold water and take.

Laxative: boil in water and drink

Venereal disease: drink tea from berries. Bloed purification: drink tea made from berries. Stomach trouble: drink tea made from berries.

Curtin, 1947

New MexicoSpanish

Juniperus sp.

92. Benna dia

Food: children sometimes eat them

Curtin, 1947

New MexicoSpanish

Use

Phoradendron juniperinum Eng elm.

Kearney and Peebles, 1964

Reference

91. Bellota de Sabina

Southwest United States

Location

Quercus Emoryi Torr.

Botanical Name

90. Bellota

Spanish Name

~ [\)

Beta sp. [beets]

unidentified

Lepechinia spicata

Acacia far-

98. Betabeles

99. Betonia

100. Betonica

101. Binorama

Ii'eS'Iaiia--

Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt.

Mimulus guttatus

Field, 1953

Bennett and Zingg, 1935

ChihuahuaTarahumar

Lundell, 1934

Shulman and Smith, 1962

Kelly, 1965

Pennington, 19p3a

Owen, 1963

Pennington, 1963a

Valley of Mexico-Tepotzlan

Nueva LeonMonterrey

New MexicoSpanish

CoahuilaTorreon

ChihuahuaTepehuan

Baja Cal;i.f orn:f_l'\Paipai

Nasturtium officinale

97. Berros

(see also Lanten cima~ron)

ChihuahuaTepehuan

Nasturtium officinale

Insect bites: cook bark and spines in water and drink, especially for

Uterine tumor causing "stoppage": boil 3 hou.rs then drink a glass 3 times a day before meals.

Medicinal herb

Kidneys: use to clean

Food: drink in decoction as substitute for coffee. Lung difficulties: take as emulsion. Kidney complaints: take as tea.

Fever: boil whole plant to make tea

"Therapeutic"

Influenza: take as tea

&

Liver ailments: boil leaves and take twice daily for 3-5 days. Constipation: as above but take 3 times a day for 2-3 days Gonorrhea Toothache: coat petals with grease and place on gums Stomach ailments: take as tea (1). Bites or infections: apply as

Lundell, 1934 Riley and Trujillo, 1956

Lundell, 1934 Redfield, 1928

Ford, 1966

Nueva LeonMonterrey ZacatecasZacatecas

Nueva LeonMonterrey Valley of Mexico-Tepotzlan New MexicoSpanish

Bougainvillea spectabilis

Peumus boldus ------

Guazuma ulmifolia

Datura candida ---

Bor_ago officinalis L.

103. Bogambilia

104. Baldo

105. Bolitas Guasima

106. Bomba (Florefundia)

107. Borraja

Cough: boil with other herbs

Food: eat fruit. Earache or deafness: remove spines from plant, cut in half, roast in ashes for 4 minutes; then squeeze soft center into ear

Bennett and Zingg, 1935

ChihuahuaTarahumar

Food: grind seeds and eat with pinole

scorpion stings

Use

Mammillaria heyderi

Reference

Pennington, 1963b

Location

ChihuahuaTarahumar

Botanical Name

Ferocactus sp.

102. Biznaga

Spanish Name

+=+=-

I-'

ChihuahuaTarahumar

New MexicoSpanish

Haematoxylon Campechianum L.

110. Bra.z!l

San Lu:!s Potosf-Charcas

Sonchus oleraceus L.

Calliandra eriophylla

Valley of Mexico-Tepotzlan

Borage officinalis t.

109. Brasilillo

108. Bougainbilla see Flor de Bougainbilla

Lundell, 1934

San Lu:!s Potos:!-Charcas

Borage officinalis L.

Curtin, 1947

Pennington, 1963b

Whiting, 1934

Redfield, 1928

Lundell, 1934

Nueva LeonMonterrey

Borage officinalis L.

Tuberculosis: drink decoction and use for sponge bath.

Gonorrhea: boil plant several hours, strain, set aside for a few days; then drink before eating each morning for 3 months.

Fever: steep in water and drink.

Fever

(1).

poultice with pork fat (1). Fever: take as tea (2) (1). Eye ailments: strain tea and use as eyewash (1). To aid sleep: take as tea

f--'

_J:::\Jl

112. Bura dulce

Elsenhardtia EOllstachla (Orteg.) Sarg.

Whiting, 1934

Pennington, 1963b

ChihuahuaTarahumar

Haematoxylon brasiletto

San Lu:!s Potos:!-Charcas

Jaundice: crush young branches and decoct into a compound for rubbing on patient. Dye: red.

Shulman and Smith, 1962

New MexicoSpanish

111. Buena Mujer see Pepapega

Heart trouble: boil and drink. Tuberculosis: mix with Anfs and Copalqufn and use as tonic.

Ford, 1966

New MexicoSpanish

CaesalEinia echinata

?Haematoxllon sp. [logwood]

Heart trouble: add to wine and drink (3)

White, 1941

New MexicoSpanish

Smallpox: soak chips in cold water until water is red; drink when thirsty to make smallpox break out. Heart trouble: boil in water with Azar, Anfs, Alegrfa strain, add Sangre de Venado,and Coral Preparado; drink before meals.

Use

CaesalEinia sp.

Reference

Palo Braz11

Location

Botanical Name

Spanish Name

.j:"'

I-'

0\

Witches: carry or keep pieces of root (unburned) for protection against witches (3). Headache: burn piece of root and inhale (3) (1). Nosebleed: burn piece of root and inhale (1). Tonsilitis: powder root and blow into tonsils to dry them up (1). Parturition: for mothers after baby is born (8)

Ford, 1966

Ford and Ford, 1965

New MexicoSpanish

ChihuahuaJuarez New MexicoSpanish

unidentified

unidentified

Liatris sp.

(Flor de Cachana)

116. Cachana

Pennington, 1963a

ChihuahuaTepehuan

Ford, 1966

Fever: boil bark and take as tea, hot or cold

Food: eat berries, as starvation food in June. Fever: crush bark and make tea.

Karwinskia Humboltiana

Pennington, 1963b

ChihuahuaTarahumar

Karwinskia Humboltiana

Coughs: boil flowers with Yerba Dulce (Lippia dulcis) and manzanillos (?) and apply externally

115 . Cacachila (Palo Apestoso)

Redfield, 1928

Valley of Mexico-Tepotzlan

Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn.

114. Cabell ito de Angel

ll3. Caballo see Cola de Caballo

_J:-

1---'

-...:]

Diarrhea: boil 3 burrs in a cup of water and drink

Cooking: use to make posole (3). Insecticide: put on plants (3). Food: eat fruit Food: roast and eat seeds (3)

Beal, 1943

Curtin, 1947

Wooton, 1894 Ford, 1966

Wooton, 1934 Ford, 1966

Southwest United States New MexicoSpanish

New MexicoSpanish New MexicoSpanish San Lu!s Potos:C-Charcas New MexicoSpanish

Xanthium commune Britton

Xanthium canadense Mill.

Hme

Cucurb.ita muschata

Cucurbita sp.

ll8. Cadillos

ll9. Cal

120. Calabasa

(Calabaza, Semilla de)

(Cadio)

Diarrhea and stomachache. Snakebite on horses: use roots.

Goss, 1903

Southwest United States

Pluchea sericea (Nutt.) Coville

ll7 • Cachanilla

Rattlesnake bite: apply poultice of leaves

Fertility: take decoction to facilitate conception

Kelly, 1965

CoahuilaTorre6n

Witches: cary odorless root as prophylactic

Use

Trixis californica Kell.

(Cachano)

Reference Shulman and Smith, 1962

Location New MexicoSpanish

unidentified

Botanical Name

(Cochana)

--

Spanish Name

I-' -!='"

o:>

121. Calabazilla

Kearney and Peebles, 1964 Owen, 1963

New MexicoSpanish

New MexicoSpanish Arizona Baja CaliforniaPaipai

Cucurbita foetidissima H.~

Cucurbita foetidissima

Cucurbita foetidis sima

Cucurbita digitata Gray

Ford, 1966

Curtin, 1947

Curtin, 1947

New MexicoTewa

Cucurbita foetidissima H.~

Curtin, 1947

New MexicoSpanish

Cucurbita foetidissima H.~

"Shamanism"

Food: fruits eaten

Roots are very poisonous (3)

Rheumatism: a) bake fruit, split and rub afflicted parts; b) mix ground roots with olive oil, aceite de comer and apply. Pains under eyes: grind flowers, powdered Contrayerba (Kallstroemia), and.Batito del Campo (Lathyrus) and rub on affected area. Saddle sores: use decoction of roots. Cathartic: use decoction of roots.

Laxative: grind roots, stir in cold water and drink

Washing hair and clothing: use fruit pulp to help remove grease

+:-

!--'

\0

127. Camote de Monte

126. Camaron see Flor de Camaron

Peteria

~:>p.

Texas

Kearney and Peebles, 1964

Whiting, 1934

San Lu!s Potos!-Charcas

Gnaphalium semiLC.

125. Calampacate

~lexicaule

Ford and Ford, 1965

ChihuahuaJuarez

unidentified

Zingg, 1932

124. Calco Meca see Cocolmeca

ChihuahuaChihuahua

Pennington, 1963a

Notholaena sinuata (Sw.) Kaulf.

ChihuahuaTepehuan

Zingg, 1932

Bennett and Zingg, 1935

Reference

123. Calahua del Indio

Asplenium monanthes t.

ChihuahuaChihuahua

Notholaena sinuata

also called Negri to

ChihuahuaTarahumar

Notholaena candida

122. Calaguala

Location

Botanical Name

Spanish Name

Food: roots edible

Wounds: apply leaf

Tea (8)

Inflammation and bruises: drink decoction

Parturition: steep leaves in hot water, drink when cool, before and immediately after childbirth. Rheumatis pains: take hot tea made from leaves.

Inflammation and bruises: drink decoction

Fever: take decoction

Use

t-' 0

\Jl

Internal bruises from blows or injuries: boil plant, add a pinch of sand, allow to set overnight; take before breakfast; repeat making fresh batches and taking them each day for 9 days Medicinal herb Sores (infected, genital area in females): boil piece of root and use to bathe, for wet compresses and drink daily before evening meal Vaginal discharge: drink decoction. Venereal disease complaint in men: boil with other plants and drink

Riley and DurangoTrujillo, 1956 Llano Grande near La Ferreria

Lundell, 1934 Riley and Trujillo, 1956

Kelly, 1965

Nueva LeonMonterrey ZacatecasZacatecas

CoahuilaTorreon

Polypodium sp.

unidentified [fern]

Asclepias sp.

Euphorb:i_a antisyphilitics Zucc.

131. Cancerina

132 . Candelilla

see also Cafiahuala

Boils (from evil spirits): mix root powder and liquid from boiled flowers with mescal and apply. Toothache: use liquid as rinse.

130. Canaguala

Field, 1953

Valley of Mexico-Tepotzlan

unidentified

Food: roast and eat roots

129. Camotito Blanco

Kearney and Peebles, 1964

Arizona

Hoffmanseggia densiflora Benth.

128. Camote de Raton

I-' p

';JI

(Canela)

133. Canela en Raja

Spanish Name

Parturition:(to hasten delivery) give mother 3 sticks or the equivalent in powdered form. Repeat if necessary. Colds: take tea to cause sweating (1). Stomachache: add ground cinnamon and sugar to coffee or water and drink (3). Heart trouble: for recipe see Alegr!a. Canning: use for flavoring, e.g. pears (3) Aire: see Albacar. Stomachache: mix with warm water and drink. Hemorrhage after delivery : use in tea. Child "feels sick": give in coffee. Susto: use with bicarbonate of soda, spearmint and nuts.

Ford, 1966

Shulman and Smith, 1962

New MexicoSpanish

New MexicoSpanish

Cinnamomum sp.

Cinnamomum sp.

Bladder trouble

Van der Eerden, 1948

Lundell, 1934

Venereal disease: boil stalks and leaves, let set overnight and take before breakfast for 9 days

Use

New MexicoSpanish

San Lu!s Potosf-Charcas

unidentified

Riley and Trujillo, 1956

Reference

Cinnamomum zeylanicum

ZacatecasZacatecas

Location

Euphorbia sp.

Botanical Name

I-' [\)

\J1

Cassia Fistula

136. Cafiaf!stola

ChihuahuaJuarez New MexicoCochiti

New MexicoSpanish

Rumex sp.

Rumex hymenosepalus

138. Cafiaigre

ChihuahuaParral (from Oaxaca?)

Notholaena sinuata var. integerrima Hook.

Cassia sp.

CoahuilaTorre6n

Valley of Mexico-Tepotzlan

CoahuilaTorre6n

137. Cafiahuala

(Cafia Fistula) see also Gafia Pistola

Arundo donax

135. Cafia de Castilla

L.

Saccharum officinarum

134. Cafia

White, 1941

Lange, 1959

Jones, 1932

Riley and Trujillo, 1956

Kelly, 1965

Madsen, 1965

Kelly, 1965

Food: eat young leaves as greens and young stems as rhubarb. Tanning: use roots.

Stomach medicine: make an infusion

To clear urine: boil seed pod and seeds in water and take infusion 3 times a day for 9-10 days. Coughs: as above.

Abortion and/or regulation of menstruation: take decoction with this and other items

Cough caused by cold: make tea with Itamo Real (Pellaea cordata) and leaves of Tejocote (Crataegus mexicana)

Food: chew as a sweet

~ w

Teeth: to clean (8) Sores and genital inflammations of women: boil pod and use liquid as douche. Whooping Cough: boil pod in water, mix with milk, add sugar, take 2 times a day.

Ford and Ford, 1965 and Trujillo, 1956

ChihuahuaJuarez ZacatecasZacatecas

Rumex hymenosepalus Torr. Ril~y

Stomach medicine and blood tonic

Jones, 1932

ChihuahuaJuarez

Rumex hymenosepalus Torr.

Cassia sp. ------

Teeth: chew, good fDr teeth, to treat pyorrhea

Shulman and Smith, 1962

New MexicoSpanish

Rumex sp. ? unidentified

139. Cafia Pistola see also Cafiafistula

To tighten teeth: use roots for mouthwash (1)

Ford, 1966

New MexicoSpanish

Rumex hymenosepalus Torr.

Tanning: use roots in water to soak skins. Pyorrhea: make rinse of ground root. Sore throat: make gargle from root. Skin irritations: powder root and apply. Skin inflammations: mix roots with Castilleja and alum and apply.

Curtin, 1947

New MexicoSpanish

Rumex hymenosepalus Torr.

Use

(Cafi.a Agria)

Reference

Location

Botanicaf Name

Spanish Name

I-'

+:-

\.Jl

White, 1941

New MexicoSpanish New MexicoSpanish New Mexico

ChihuahuaJuarez Baja California- Owen, 1963 Paipai

Ephedra sp.

Ephedra sp.

Ephedra sp.

Ephedra sp.

Ephedra californica Wat s,

Canatillo, Popotillo

Canutillo

Stomach disorders: take as tea (8)

Ford and Ford, 1965

Gonorrhea Wounds and boils on animala: use as wash Food: eat cherries; make jelly, jam, or meal cakes

Curtin, 1947 Lundell, 1934 Lange, 1959

New MexicoSpanish San Luis Potosi-Charcas New MexicoCochiti

Equisetum hiemale L.

unidentified

Prunus melanorydbl Rydb.

141. Capitanejo

142. Capul:!n

Canutillo del Llano

Robbins, et al., 1916

New MexicoTewa area

Venereal disease: take tea

Venereal disease and kidney ailments: take tea made from branches

Kearney and Peebles, 1964

Stomach disorders: take as tea (3). Urinary disorders: take as tea (1).

Venereal disease: take as tea. Fever and Kidney pain (diuretic): take decoction.

Equisetum arvense

Canutillo Ford, 1966

Curtin, 1947

New MexicoSpanish

Ephedra torreyana S. Wats,

140. Canatilla (Canutillo del Campo)

1-' V1 V1

Capul{n, Corteza de

143. Capul!n Pequefia

also called Granjen

Span1sh Name

Prunus capuli

Zingg, 1932

ChihuahuaChihuahua

Colds: boil bark and drink decoction as tea

Scratches, stings, inflammations: crush leaves and apply Pennington, 1963a

ChihuahuaTepehuan

Prunus capuli

Food: eat fruit raw

Kelly, 1965

CoahuilaTorred'n

Celtis pallida Torr.

Stomach :inflammation: make tea from roots, add Piloncillo; take in morning and before each meal. Rheumatism: make red tea from root~ to drink and to oathe in. Dyes: green from inner bark (in spring); purplered from berries. Food: eat fruit in jam, jelly, or make wine.

Use

Food: eat fruit

Ch;i.huab.uaTarahumar

Cydonia oblonga Pyrus Cydonia

Curtin, 1947

Reference

Bennett and Zingg, 1935

New MexicoSpanish

Location

Prunus melanocarpa (A. Nels.) Rydb.

Botanical Name

1-' 0\

Vl

Pennington, 1963a

Van der Eerden, 1948 Curtin, 1947

Chihuahua-Tepehuan

New MexicoSpanish New MexicoSpanish

Argemone ochroleuca ssp. ochroleuca

Centaurea Rothrockii Greenman

Cirsium undulatum Nutt.

146. Cardo

147. Cardo Santo

Whiting, 1934

San Lu:fs Potos:fCharcas

Milla biflora Cav.

1947

145. Carcoma

Curtin,

New MexicoSpanish

Sambucus mexicana Presl

144. Capul:ln Silvestre (Flor de Sauz)

Parturition (to hasten delivery): boil roots and give tea. Earache: put juice from mashed roots on cotton and place in ear. Toothache: boil roots and hold hot tea in mouth. Diarrhea: take decoction of roots. Gonorrhea: make decoction from flowers. Broken bones: make poultice of leaves and roots. Stiff neck: apply pulp from mashed leaves.

Parturition: chew petals if thirsty during labor and childbirth

Fleas: use milky excresence from stalk as lotion to kill fleas, Purgative: crush seeds and add to warm water.

Food: eat bulb

Food: make wine. Fever: add dry flowers to water and drink. Paralysis: steep flowers in hot water and add to bath.

1--'

--1

\.n

Zingg, 1932

Lundell, 1934 Pennington, 1963a

ChihuahuaChihuahua San Luts PotosfCharcas Nueva LeonMonterrey

Cirsium undulatum (Nutt.) Spreng.

C. undulatum Gray

Centaurea americana Chihuahua-Tepe-

Valley of MexicoTepotzlan

New MexicoSpanish

Iresine calea

Ipomea Mexicana

149. Carricillo

150. Carriuela

hu~n

unidentified

Wooton, 1894

Field, 1953

Lundell, 1934

Whiting, 1934

San Luis Potos!Charcas

platyceras Link and Otto

~

Curtin, 1947

Keference

New MexicoSpanish

Location

Argemone hispida Gray

Botanical Name

148. Caricillo

Spanish Name

Fever and to refresh insides: boil with water, lemon, alcohol, sugar candy and drink before meals. Enema: boil plant alone.

Parturition: make tea of stems to take at childbirth

Swellings: use decoction to bathe

Rheumatism, dropsy, sweiling: apply dried roots or prepare bath from whole plant

use

f-' (Xl

\Jl

White, 1941 Ford, 1966

New MexicoSpanish New MexicoSpanish

Punic a ---

Juglans sp.

Juglans sp.

156. Cascara de Nogal

Owen, 1963

Ford, 1966

155. Cascara de Granada Baja CaliforniaPaipai

Durango-Varal Riley and (near La Ferreria) Trujillo 1956

Quercus sp.

granatum L.

New MexicoSpanish

Quercus sp.

154. Cascara de Encino

Ford, 1966

New MexicoSpanish

Prunus sp.

153. Cascara de Capulfn

(I_)

Mouthwash: use bark to prepare (1)

Sore throat: take as tea. (No Spanish name given in Owen).

Inflammations of the teeth: boil inner bark, cook and use as mouthwash.

Sores in mouth: apply (see also Encino)

Liver diseases and la bilis: boil bark in water until half has evaporated; take before meals.

Field, 1953

Valley of MexicoTepotzlan

Juliana adstringens

Food: eat root stalks and seeds

Kearney and Peebles, 1964

Ariz6na

Phragmites sp.

Robbins, et al. 1916

New Mexico Tewa area

Phragmites sp.

152. Cascara

151. Carrizo

I-' \J1

~

Frasera speciosa

160. Cebadilla

New MexicoSpanish

Rhamnus califorrtica Esch.

New MexicoSpanish

San Lufs PotosiChar cas

Baja Californi~­ Paipai

Rhamnus californica Esch.

Hordeum vulgare L.

New MexicoSpanish

Location

Juglans sp.

Botanical Name

159. Cebada (Savada)

158. Castilla (see Flor de Castilla and Rosa de Castilla)

157. Ctiscara Sagrada

Spanish Name

Curtin, 1947

Fever: mix ground root with hot water, rub on body, wrap in blankets to cause sweating. Purge: take powdered root in warm water or stir stem in glass of milk. Paralysis: grind roasted root

Laxative: boil in water and drink (1)

Ford, 1966

Whiting, 1934

Stomachache and vomiting: make tea from leaves, Constipation: boil piece of bark, leave outside overnight, drink in the morning.

Rheumatism: for leg pains, use decoction to bathe

Use

Owen, 1963

Curtin, 1947

Reference

I-' 0'\ 0

Flatulence:chew. Fever: mash, soak in water, strain, and drink liquid. Food: eat raw or cooked. Curtin, 1947

Whiting, 1934

New MexicoSpanish

San Lu:!s Potos:!Char cas

AJ lium recurvatum Rydb.

A. Kunthii G. Don.

162. Cebollita del Campo

~ scaposum Benth.

Wounds: apply. Colds: use to prevent.Pneumonia: to treat and to prevent, TB: in a solution of water and vinegar. Influenza: treat with in a solution of water and vinegar. Fever and chest congestion: stew. Shulman and Smith, 1962

New MexicoSpanish

(Sevollita del Campo)

Chilblains: roast and apply hot in small sections. Teething: babies chew stems and leaves to reduce pain and swelling.

Curtin, 1947

New MexicoSpanish

Allium cepa L.

Constipation: use as laxative

161. Cebolla

Shulman and Smith, 1962

New MexicoSpanish

Swertia radiata?

and rub on affected areas. Headache: gr~nd root with Inmortal and rub on forehead. Cold: snuff up nose at night. Insecticide: (esp. vs. lice) mix powder with lard and apply to head for 12 hours, wash.

f-' 0\ f-'

Colic Chest pains: boil leaves and branches and take liquid twice daily

Lundell, 1934 Lundell, 1934 Riley and Trujillo, 1956

CoahuilaMonterrey Nueva LeonMonterrey ZacatecasZacatecas

Lippia triphylla (L 'Her.) Kuntze

triphylla (L 'Her.) Kuntze

Lippia triphylla (L 'Her.) Kuntze

Lippia sp.

Lippi~

Lundell, 1934

San Lufs PotosfChar cas

triphylla (L 'Her.) Kuntze

(Cedron de Castilla)

San Lu!s PotosfChar cas

Lippi~

Colic

Colic: boil in water

Colic in women: boil in water

Whiting, 1934

Valley of MexicoTepotzlan

Aloysia triphylla

165. Cedron

Anger sickness: for recipe see Ajenjo, Stomachache from eating custard apples: take as tea.

Madsen, 1965

New Mexico

"Cultivated."

Use

Juniperus sp.

Tidestrom and Kittell 1941

Whiting, 1934

San Lu!s Potos!Char cas

Cupressus benthamii Endl.

Reference Robbins et al. , 1916

Location

Juniperus scopuLorum New MexicoSarg. Tewa area

Botanical Name

164. Cedro Colorado

163. Cedro

Spanish Name

[\)

r' 0'\

CoahuilaTorre6n

San Lu!s PotosiCharcas

Leucophyllum ~ phyllum Johnst.

Leucophyllum laevigatum Standl.

Coriandrum sativum L.

169. Cilantro

(Culantro)

Citris medica

168. Cidra

New MexicoSpanish

New MexicoSpanish

ChihuahuaTarahumar

Kelly, 1965

ChihuahuaJuarez

unidentified

(Seliliso)

Ford and Ford, 1965

Arizona

Atriplex canescens (Pursh ) Nutt.

Food: fruit not edible raw Food: use as seasoning. Pyorrhea and toothache: boil in water and hold in mouth. Cold in stomach: boil and drink. Headache: burn seeds and inhale fumes Aire: see Albacar.

Curtin, 1947

Shulman and Smith, 1962

Medicinal herb

Stomachache: take in tea with other items. Diabetes: take decoction. Bilis: use for tea and herb bath.

Colic: take as tea, Amenorrhea: take as tea.

Bennett and Zingg, 1935

1934

Lundell,

Kearney and Peebles, 1964

Ford, 1966

New MexicoSpanish

unidentified

Rose, 1899

167. Cenizo

Western Mexico

Adiantum capillusveneris L.

166. Celantillo

f--' 0\

w

Pennington, 1963b

Chihuahua-Tarahumar

Thryallis glauca

175. Ciruelo del Campo

176. Clamaclancle (see Flor de Clamaclancle

Lundell, 1934

San Lufs Potos!Curtin

Tagetes sp.

Tidestrom and Kittell, 1941

Food: eat fruits, Diarrhea: make tea from leaves~ Wounds: use tea as wash.

Diarrhea: drink decoction as an astringent

Zingg, 1932

174. Cinco Yagay

~lexico

ChihuahuaChihuahua

To give appetite

Menstrual difficulties: steep seeds in hot water, drink tea, may also add Rosa de Castilla

Sedative: take as tea (1). Food: use to season soup (fresh leaves); use seeds in tamales and carne adovado (3).

Use

Whiting, 1934

New

Zinnia grandiflora Nutt.

172. Cinco Llagas

San Luis Potos!Char cas

173. Cinco de Mayo Amaranthus leucocarpus Wats.

Unidentified

Owen, 1963

Coriandrum sativum L. Baja CaliforniaPaipai

Ref,erence Ford, 1':166

Location

Coriandrum sativum L. New MexicoSpanish

Botanical Name

171. Cimonillo

Spanish Name

f--'

+=-

()'\

Caryophyllus armomaticus

180. Clavo

Salix mexicana 182. Cocolmeca (Raiz de China-)--

.Caryophyllus armomaticus

Saponaria officinalis L.

179. Clavelina

(Clavo Entero)

[white carnation]

Krameria sp.

Potentilla Thurberi

178. Clavel Blanca

(Cloradia, Ratania, Sarasaparilla

177. Clameria

ZacatecasZacatecas

Blood tonic: take infusion of root 3 times/day for 9 Riley and Trujillo, 1956

Earache: put in ear with olive oil. Cough: use in hot water. Food: use as spice in cooking and baking. Toothache: wrap with fat and place in cavity (1) (7).

Shulman and Smith, 1962

New MexicoSpanish

Washing: use roots as soap

Headaches: boil wood ticks in oil until oil turns red, shred a flower and mix, apply to temples, Nosebleed: apply above to mid-face area.

Kidney ailments and diseases of urinary tract: boil roots and take liquid before breakfast for 9 days. To strengthen blood: make a wine using boiled roots, sugar and alcohol, take after meals for 15 days.

Aching gums: crush interior of roots and place between cheek and gums

Ford, 1966

Curtin, 1947

New MexicoSpanish

New MexicoSpanish

Riley and Trujillo, 1956

Riley and Trujillo, 1956

Pennington, 1963a

Durango-Llano Grande

ZacatecasZacatecas

ChihuahuaTepehua:n

~ \.n

Kidney,urinary, and venereal diseases: boil and take twice daily for 9 days Colds: boil flowers and drink infusion

Ril12y and Trujillo, 1956 Redfield, 1928 Field, 1953

ZacatecasZacatecas

Equisetum sp.

186. Cola de Raton

185. Cola de Gato

(Carisillo, Canolilla)

Muhlenbergia Emersleyi

ChihuahuaTarahumar

Pennington, 1963b

Kidney pains: drink decoction

Zingg, 1932

ChihuahuaChihuahua

E. hiemale L.

Heliocereus speciosus Valley of MexicoBritton and Rose Tepotzlan

Kidneys: good for kidneys

Ford and Ford, 1965

ChihuahuaJuarez

Equisetum sp.

(Caballo)

Stomach cramps: use stems to make tea

Pemlington, 1963a

ChihuahuaTepehuan

Equisetum laevigatum

(8)

Chest ailments: use stems to make tea

Pennington, 1963b

ChihuahuaTarahumar

Equisetum laevigatum

Rectal sores: crush interior of the pit of the fruit, mix with lard and apply

days. Inflammations of genitals (internal, in women): use infusion of root as douche daily for 9 days.

Use

184. Cola de Caballo

Reference

•Ril,ey and Trujillo, 1956

Location

_Th.evetia thevatioides Zacatecas----Zacatecas

Botanical Name

183. Codo de Fraile

Spanish Name

()\

()\

I-'

Eriogonum sp.?

Eriogonum racemosum Nutt. New MexicoSpanish

New MexicoSpanish

(see also Escoba de la Vi bora)

G. sarothrae

New MexicoSpanish

New Mexico-Tewa area

IQ'Ii'g'IIOIia

G. linoides

G.

New MexicoSpanish

Gutierrezia tenuis Greene

188. Collalle Gutierrezia saroNew Mexico(Escoba de la thrae (Pursh~itt. Spanish Vibora), and Rushy (Yerba de la Vibora)

Colita de Raton

187. Colita de Rata (Colita de Raton) Unspecified "remedy"

Tooth cleaning: use stems

Colic: make poultice with Yerba del Lobo (Helenium). Rheumatism: use tea to drink and for bath. Piles: use tea to bathe sore areas. Stomach ache: boil greens or flowers and take as tea. Malaria: decoct greens and use to bathe. Womb trouble and as menostatic: take in a mixture.

Ford, 1966

Rheumatism: mix with Yerba del Caballo (Senecio?) and water for a bath (3)

Robbias et al., Parturition and painful 1916 menstruation: use to fumigate

Curtin, 1947

Van der Eerden, Post-partum involution of 1948 the uterus: take as tea to help reduce womb to normal size

Shulman and Smith, 1962

Curtin, 1947

f--'

.$

Pennington, 1963b

ChihuahuaTarahumar ChihuahuaTepehu&n ZacatecasZacatecas

New MexicoSpanish

Erythrina flabelliformis

Erythrina flabelliformis

?Picramnia sp. or ? Cinchona sp. (see also Copalquin)

Cuminum cyminum L.

190. Colorin (Chilicote), (Chilocote)

191. Colpaquin

192. Comino

Shulman and Smith, 1962

Riley and Trujillo, 1956

Pennington, 1963a

Ford and Ford, 1965

Chihuahua-Juarez

Unidentified

189. Collate

Reference Marquez, 1964

Location New MexicoSpanish

Botanical Name

G. sarothrae

Spanish Name

take as tea

Sore throat: use with ground Contrayerba (caltrop) nuts, and sugar. Aire: mix with Contrayerba cinnamon and nuts, ·rub on afflicted places.

Fever (esp. malaria): soak pieces of bark until soft, make into tablets and take 2 times/day or boil tablet and drink liquid. Sores: mix powdered bark with water and use to wash.

See Chilocote

See Chilocbte

(8)

Stomachache:

Menstrual cramping and diarrhea (esp. after childbirth): use to make tea with Yerba Buena and Estafiate

Use

co

()'\

1-'

New Mexico-Tewa area

New MexicoSpanish New MexicoSpanish

New MexicoSpanish

Taraxacum sp. taraxacum (W&S)

Kallstroemia sp.

Kallstroemia brachystylis Vail--

Kallstroemia sp.? (caltrop family)

194. Consuelda

195. Contrayerba

~

Baja CaliforniaPaipai

Chihuahua-Juarez

193. Concha (see Marrubium vulgare L. also Marrubio, Mastranzo)

C. cyminium

New MexicoSpanish

Coughs and colds: take as tea

Food: use in sausage

Food: use as cooking spice, add to red chile (3)

Swollen gums: soak powdered root in warm water and use for wash. Sore eyes: same as 'above. Fever: take tea made from root. Dysentery: same as above. Stomach trouble: same as above. Diarrhea: use with Osh5 and Peruvian red bark for tea. Facial pains under eyes: see Calabazilla. Sore throat: grind roots, add sugar and nuts, eat. Aire: mix with camino seed, cinnamon and nuts, rub on

Curtin, 1947

Shulman and Smith, 1962

White, 1941

Robbins et al., Food: eat young leaves as 1916 greens. Broken bones: make paste of leaves to dress fracture. Bruises: apply ground leaves with dough.

Owen, 1963

Jones, 1932

Ford, 1966

(]\

1-'

\0

Spanish Name

Fever: use leaves for tea Fever: use leaves for tea Fever: use tea from plant Stomach trouble: peel and eat root

Pennington, 1963a Pennington, 1963a Pennington, 1963a Whiting, 1934

ChihuahuaTepehuan ChihuahuaTepehuan ChihuahuaTepehuan San Lui-s Potos1-Charcas

Field, 1953 Valley of Mexico-Tepotzlan

Psoralea pentaphylla

Psoralea sp.

Poinsettia radicans

Psoralea pentaphylla L.

Psoralea pentaphylla L.

Typhoid fever, malaria, penumonia: powder root, add alcohol, drink before meals. Labor pains: apply locally to back. To

Diarrhea: use roots in remedy

Robbins, et al. , 1916

New MexicoSanta Clara

Kallstroemia californica (Wats~ail var. brachystylis Vail

afflicted place. Rash: good for rash, of smallpox and chickenpox.

Use

Tic: grind, sift, and rub on affected area (3)

New MexicoSpanish

Kallstroemia Californica (Wat~ Vail var. brachystylis Vail

Refe!rence

Ford, 1966

Location

Botanical Name

1-'

0

....:)

New MexicoSpanish

ChihuahuaTepehU1tn New MexicoSpanish ChihuahuaTarahumar

ChihuahuaTarahumar

Kallstroemia sp. (caltrop family)

Asclepias sp. af. quinquedentata

Cinchona sp. ? [ Peruvian red bark]

Hintonia latiflora coutarea latiflora

Hintonia latiflora coutarea latiflora

196. Contra Yerba de la Sierra

197. Copalqu:!n

Pennington, 1963b

Pennington, 1963b

Shulman and Smith, 1962

Pennington, 1963a

Acidity: take decoction

Fever: use bark to make tea

Tuberculosis: mix with An'f.s and Braz'f.l and use as tonic

Fever

Sore throat: grind roots, add sugar and nuts, eat. Aire: mix with comino seed, cinnamon and nuts, rub on afflicted place. Rash: good for rash, smallpox, chickenpox.

facilitate delivery of baby and after birth: rub hard on back and stomach. Diarrhea: add powder to milk, give to children.

1-' 1-'

~l

not a plant ? ground sea coral or similar orange colored chalky compound

not a plant red-o·range sea coral beads

Arctosta:eh;t:los uva-ursi -(L ~)

200. Corales

201. Coralillo

ChihuahuaJuarez

Hintonia sp.?

199. Coral Preparado

ChihuahuaTepehuan

Hintonia latiflora Coutarea pterosperma

Evil eye: place bracelets of coral on babies to protect against evil eye (3) Ford, 1966

Curtin, 1947

New MexicoSpanish

New MexicoSpanish

Venereal disease: boil plant, add Piloncillo

Heart trouble: mix with deer's blood, gold leaf, and wine (la)

Chest pains from blow or injury or stomach pains caused internally: boil and take as needed

Stomach: good for stomach (8)

Fever: take tea made from bark. Influenza: same as above. Sores and snakebites: use tea as cleansing lotion.

Fever: take decoction. Gall sores (of animals): apply powdered leaves.

Use

Ford, 1966

Riley and Trujillo, 1956

Ford and Ford, 1965

Pennington, 1963a

Bennett and Zingg, 1935

Reference

New MexicoSpanish

ChihuahuaParral

ChihuahuaTarahumar

Hintonia latiflora Coutarea pterosperma

unidentified

Location

Botanical Name

198. Copalqufn, Corteza de

Spanish Name

I-'

---:] 1\)

Phaseolus Metcalfei

Elytraria imbricata

Gaillardia pinnatifida Torr.

202. Corcomeca

203. Cordoncillo

204. Coronilla New MexicoSpanish

ChihuahuaTarahumar

ChihuahuaTarahumar

Curtin, 1947

Pennington, 1963b

Pennington, 1963b

Infertility; boil plant (except flower), add Piloncillo strain and drink before meals. Cold and headache: mash stems with salt and water; apply to forehead or temples or make powder from flowers and apply. Anemia: take as tea. Rheumatism: use roots with those of Zarza (Humulus) and Yerba de

Fever: make tea of leaves. Diarrhea: make tea of leaves. Wounds: make wash from whole plant for washing.

Stomach upset: use roots for tea. Food: use as tesguino catalyst.

Inflammations: boil leaves and apply

Anagallis arvensis L. Valley of Redfield, Mexico-Tepotzlan 1928

drink each morning for 10 days. Rheumatism: use decoction to bathe. Anemia: boil plant (except root) and take tea before breakfast. Stomach trouble: take tea.

Spreng.

tJ w

Lundell, 1934

San Lu:fs Potos:f-Charcas New MexicoSpanish

Physalis? pubescens

Thelesperma gracile A. Gray ~helesperma longipes A. Gray

206. Costomate

207. Cota

T. trifidum

longipes A. Gray New MexicoTewa area

Bites (scorpion): use flowers to make tea

Rose, 189.9

Western Mexico

Magnolia sp .

205. Corpus

!·

Stomach disorders: crush roots, boil in water, and take as tea

Pennington, 1963a

ChihuahuaTepehuan

Food: boil plant for tea. Dye: boil plant. Diuretic: take as tea. Vermifuge: take as tea. Fever: take as tea-strong with sugar. Chafed skin (babies): give tea and use to bathe. Food: drink tea

Curtin, 1947

Robbins, et al., 1916

Pneumonia

Berlandiera sp.

Bennett and Zingg, 1935

Purgative: make tea from roots

Use Caballo (Senecio) for bathing solution

ChihuahuaTarahumar

Pennington, 1963b

Reference

Tagetes lucida

Location

ChihuahuaTarahumar

Botanical Names

Berlandiera lyrata var. macrophylla

Spanish Names

_J:-

f-J -.J

Stomach ailments. Intestinal parasites. Pneumonia: take tea made from this and other "hot"

White, 1941 Riley and Trujillo, 1956 Jones, 1932

Lundell, 1934 Martinez, 1959 Madsen, 1965

New MexicoSpanish ChihuahuaParral (from Oaxaca?) ChihuahuaJuarez Nueva LeonSan Lu:!s Potos:! Mexico Valley of Mexico-Tepepan

Quassia amara L.?

unidentified

unidentified

Picrasma excelsa ?

Quassia amara L.

Crescentia alata

211. Cuasia

212. Cuautecomate

Cuacia, Corteza de

Riley and Trujillo, 1956

ZacatecasZacatecas

Stomach upset from anger: soak in water and drink liquid

Stomach upsets: soak bark in water and take 3x daily

Indigestion: boil part of fruit in water and take liquid each morning for 9 days

See Crisanta

Randia sp. or

~lia sp.

Curtin, 1947

210. Crucillo

New MexicoSpanish

Stomachache: chew leaf or make tea from leaves

Chrysanthemum indicum L.

Curtin, 1947

Beverage. Tonic. Kidneys: good for kidneys. Bedwetting: use to cure.

209. Crisantemo

New MexicoSpanish

Shulman and Smith, 1962

Chrysanthemum indicum L.

New MexicoSpanish

208. Crisanta

Thelesperma sp.? wild tea [aster family]

I-'

V1

--:]

Dye: use infusion of bark of root to dye leather brownish-red Stomach pains: chew leaves with salt, take swallow of water Rheumatic pains: use to bathe afflicted area

Kearney and Peebles, 1964 Havard, 1885

Curtin, 1947

Shulman and Smith, 1962

New Mexico

New MexicoSpanish New MexicoSpanish

Krameria grayi Rose and Painter K. Canescens Gray

Atriplex canescens Pursh

Chrysothamnus sp.? (rabbit brush)

217. Chamiso

218. Chamiso amarillo

216. Chacate

ArizonaPapago

Sore eyes: use infusion of twigs. Dye: use roots

Retarded menstruation: boil in water and take with another item (unidentified)

Boil

Skin rash (from high blood pressure): boil bark in water, cool, strain, add soda and salt, use for sponge bath

plants Tejocote

Use e.g., Itamo and

Krameria sp.

215. Culantro see Cilantro

Lundell, 1934

San Lu:!s Potos£-Charcas

Adiantum capillus-veneris L.

s-v

Lundell, 1934

Nueva LeonMonterey

Adiantum capillus-veneris L, s... v

214. Culantrillo

Curtin, 1947

Reference

New MexicoSpanish

Location

Juniperus sp.

JSotanical Name

213. Cuipa de Sabina

Spanish Name

~ (}\

Adenostema sparsifolium

Artemisia tr'identata Nutt. A. Bigelovii Gray

221. Chamiso Colorado

222. Chamiso Hediondo

Curtin, 1947

Shulman and Smith, 1962

New MexicoSpanish

Curtin, 1947

Baja California-· Owen, 1963 Paipai

New MexicoSpanish

New MexicoSpanish

Chrysothamnus sp.? [rabbit brush]

Chrysothamnus graveolens (Nutt.) Greene

New MexicoSpanish

Chrysothamnus graveolens, Nutt. Curtin, 1947

Baja California- Owen, 1963 Paipai

Atriplex canescens

220. Chamiso Cimarron

219. Chamiso Blanco

Colds and high fever: boil plant and use to bathe. Stomach pains: crush fresh leaves, strain, drink in warm water. Hemorrhaging: take tea of leaves and use also to bathe wounds (especially Penitentes). Rheumatism and Croup and

Toothache: use tea of green leaves for mouthwash

Fever: take as tea. Dye: use flowers to make yellow dye.

Rheumatic pains: use to bathe afflicted parts

Fever: take as tea. Dye: use flowers to make yellow dye.

Skin eruptions: for recipe see Yerba Santa. Deep pains in bones or muscles: burn fruit and place on sore places.

1-'

-.] -.]

Ear ailments: use blossom as cotton to place in ear to collect draining pus Medicinal herb

Kelly, 1965

Lundell, 1934

CoahuilaTorre6n Nueva LeonMonterrey

Acacia constricta Bent h.

unidentified

227. Charrsasquilla

Rheumatism or backache: apply poultice of ground seeds and fat

226. Chaparro Prieto

ChihuahuaTarahumar

Pennington, 1963b

Rhynchosia pyramidalis

Bedbugs: repellent. Eye (foreign particle in): place seed in eye to help remove particle. Stomach trouble: chew leaves or take decoction. Colic: boil in water with a little Cal (lime).

Curtin, 1947

225. Chante Pusi

New MexicoSpanish

Rheumatic pains: use tea

Indigestion and flatulence:chew and swallow leaves

Use chest cold pains: drink and bathe in strong tea of leaves. Influenza: take tea with brandy as part of treatment.

Salvia reflexa Hornem.

Shulman and Smith, 1962

Robbins, et al., 1916

Reference

224. Chan (Ch:Ca)

New MexicoSpanish

New MexicoTewa area

Location

Chrysothamnus ~.? [dark rabbit brush]

A. tridentata Nutt.

Botanical· Name

223. Chamiso Pardo

(see Estafiate)

Spanish Name

CD

~

232. Chichiquelita

231. Chicascle (see Flor de Chicascle)

230. Chicalote

Arizona-Pima

Arizona-Pima Arizona

S. hispanica

Argemone sp .

Food: use seeds to make pinole and a drink. Poultices: use seeds

Kearney and Peebles, 1964

Food: eat as greens Curtin, 1947

Chenopodium sp.

Arizona-Pima

Pennington, 1963a

ChihuahuaTepehuan

~·

nigrum

Vermifuge: use leaves to make strong tea. Sores (from worms) on men or animals: make lotion from leaves, Pennington, 1963a

ChihuahuaTepehuan

Kearney and Peebles, 1964

Kearney and Peebles, 1964

see Chan

Curtin, 1947

White, 1941

"Loosening of the female organs", a disease of pregnancy: take tea to "fix placenta"

Solanum podiflo rum

Salvia -Hornem.

S. columbariae

New MexicoSpanish New MexicoSpanish

Salvia sp.

229. Ch!a

Valley of Redfield, 1928 Mexico-Tepotzlan Field, 1953

reflexa

Selaginella cuspidata Spreng.

228. Chayotillo

I~

-:)

'V

Cold or pneumonia: split, boiled, place on back to· cause sweating. Stomach: good for stomach. Tuberculosis: eat to prevent. Blood: good for the blood. Shulman and Smith, 1962

New MexicoSpanish

Capsicum annuum

236. Chile (chili)

Menstrual pain and hemorrhage: crush and boil roots, strain, cool outside overnight, take at breakfast Curtin, 1947

Arizona-Pima

F. ambrosioides Cav.

Heart trouble: boil flowers until water is yellow; let stand outside overnight; take before breakfast each morning for a month. Blood purification: eat greens raw or cooked with vinegar or make wine and drink

Food: eat fruit raw or in stews

Use Purgative: use leaves to prepare tea along with 2 other plants

Parturition: if difficult take tea made from leaves

ChihuahuaTepehuan

Franseria sp.

235. Ch:lcura

Curtin, 1947

Curtin, 1947

Reference Pennington, 1963b

Pennington, 1963a

New MexicoSpanish

Taraxacum officinale Web-.-

234. Chicoria

New MexicoSpanish

Location ChihuahuaTarahumar

Lycium pallidum Miers

Botanical Name unidentified

233. Chico

Spanish Name

I-'

CXl 0

241. Chillipiquin

(Chilillo)

Piles: rub sore area with milky fluid from stalk Food: use as condiment. Local stimulant: use berries.

Tidestrom and Kittell, 1941 Madsen, 1965 Kearney and Peebles, 1964

New Mexico Valley of Mexico-Tepepan Arizona

Polygonum hydropiper

Polygonum hydropiperoides

Capsicum baccatum L.

see Calabazilla

Intestinal disorders: toast, grind ,red beans, mix with water, take a little as an emetic. Toothache: use crushed beans.

Curtin, 1947

Pennington, 1963b

Purgative: use seeds in small amounts

Sunburn: crush plant, add water, and wash skin to bleach. Food: eat young leaves as greens.

Food: use in cooking

New MexicoSpanish

240. Chilille

ChihuahuaTarahumar

Erythrina flabelliformis

Cucurbita foetidissima H.~

ChihuahuaTepehuan

Erythrina flabelliformis Kearney

239. Chilicoyote

Kearney and Peebles, 1964

Arizona

Erythrina flabelliformis Kearney

238. Chilicote (Colodn) Pennington, 1963a

Curtin, 1947

New MexicoSpanish

Whiting, 1934

Amaranthus blitoides S. Wats.

San Luis Potosi-Charcas

237. Chile Puerco

Capsicum annuum C. frutescens-t'".

b; 1-'

Stomachache: chew leaves (3). Food: eat roots raw; use leaves to flavor beans and dried peas (3). Stomachache: use. Flatulence: use as flavoring for peas and beans to prevent gas

Ford, 1966

Shulman and Smith, 1962

New MexicoSpanish

New MexicoSpanish

Cymopterus purpureus S. Wats.

_Cymopterus sp. ? !Indian parsley]

Food: eat raw. Vermifuge: boil leaves in water and take. Curtin, 1947

New MexicoSpanish

Oxalis violacea --

245. Chocoyle (Jocoyol) (Socoyol)

1.

Gum: chew small yellow balls Curtin, 1947

New MexicoSpanish

Lygodesmia juncea Pursh

244. Chiquete de Embarafiada (Chicote Embarafiada)

Food: eat roots raw; use leaves for seasoning. Debility and stomach trouble: boil dry leaves and flowers and drink tea 3 times a day.

Curtin, 1947

New MexicoSpanish

Use Food: use to make sauce and relish. Curing ceremony: for fields, animals, and death ceremony

Aulospermum purpur~ eum S. Wats.

Reference Bennett and Zingg, 1935

243. Chimaj a

Location ChihuahuaTarahumar

Botanical Name Capsicum annuum C. frutescens

Spanish Name 242. Chiltipiqu!n

I-' OJ 1\)

ChihuahuaTarahumar

Ligusticum Porteri

251. Cuscuta

250. Chup6n

249. Chuchupostle (Angelica)

(see also Osha)

Urination (to stimulate): take as tea Fever: take as tea Bites (insect): boil and drink or burn in old yucca flower stalk to fumigate bites and

Pennington, 1963a Pennington, 1963a Curtin, 1947

ChihuahuaTepehuan ChihuahuaTepehuan New MexicoSanto Domingo

unidentified

Cuscuta curta Engelmann

Stomach ailments, rheumatism, body sores, and animal bites: take infusion of root.

Rheumatism: boil crushed roots and use as wash. Stomach disorders: use tea made from crushed roots and leaves,

See Osha

Purgative: boil and drink decoction

Riley and Trujillo, 1956

Pennington, 1963b

Curtin, 1947

Zingg, 1932

Food: eat seeds as pinole

Diarrhea: make tea of root and another item

Castilleja sp.

ChihuahuaParral

New MexicoSpanish

Ligusticum Porteri C.and R.

248. Chuchupate

(Chuchufate)

ChihuahuaChihuahua

Baja California- Meigs, 1939 Kiliwa

Opuntia sp.

Erigonum tenellum Torr.

Baja California- Owen, 1963 Paipai

Opuntia parryi Engelm.

247. Chuchaca

246. Cho1la

(X)

I-'

w

Serjania mexicana

255. Diente de Vibora

ChihuahuaTarahumar

Bennett and Zingg, 1935

Pennington, 1963b

Robbins, et al., 1916

New MexicoSpanish

Y. baccata ChihuahuaTarahumar

Curtin, 1947

Kelly, 1965

New MexicoSpanish

CoahuilaTorreon

Heliotropium Greggii Torr.

Zingg, 1932

Rose, 1899

Reference

Yucca sp.

ChihuahuaChihuahua

Chrysactinia mexicana Gray

Serjania mexicana

natn

West Mexico

Location

Turnera humifusa (Presl ) Endlich

Botanical Name

254. Diente de Culebra

253.

252. Damiana

Spanish Name

Pain and rheumatism: remove prickles, cut stem in half, and place next to skin and/or on affected areas

Bruises, sprains, fractures: crush stems and use for poultice. Fertility: bruise white flowers and stems to make tea; take until conception occurs

see Amole

see Amole

Infertility:use in decoction with other items to "heat" womb

~regnancy: boil and drink tea as aid during pregnancy

Stomach and intestinal pains: take as tea

reduce irritation.

Use

_j:-

I-' OJ

Rudbeckia laciniata L.

257. Dormilon

Shulman and Smith, 1962 Lundell, 1934 Curtin, 1947

New MexicoSpanish Nueva LeonMonterrey New MexicoSpanish

Rudbeckia sp.? or Ratibida sp. [cone flower]

Pterocarpus acapulcensis Rose

Prunus persica

258. Drago

259. Durazno

Curtin, 1947

Purge: use flowers. Fever: boil bark and take tea hot or cold. Asthma: take tea made from leaves. Menstrual troubles: use tea as douche.

unspecified "remedy"

Diuretic: take as tea. Toothache: mash green leaves and place on gums and cheek.

Cold congestion: crush wet roots or grind dry ones and take with cold water 3 times a day. Female trouble.

Curtin, 1947

New MexicoSpanish

New MexicoSpanish

Gonorrhea: take strong tea made from leaves each morning. Emmenagogue: same as above, for 9 days.

Curtin, 1947

Fever: boil leaves and take tea

New MexicoSpanish

Redfield, 1928 Valley of Mexico-Tepotzlan

Verbena macdougalii Heller

Rudbeckia tagetes James

Ricinus communis L.

256. Digerillo

f-' (X)

\.J1

Curtin, 1947

Tidestrom and Kittell, 1941 Cur.tin, 1947

New MexicoSpanish

New Mexico New MexicoSpanish

Durango-Llano Grande near La Ferreria

Lepachys tagetes A. Gray

Quercus sp.

Quercus fendleri Liebm.

unidentified

261. Embarrafiada (Yerba de la Tusa)

262. Encina

263. Encinillo

Riley and Trujillo, 1956

Whiting, 1934

San Lu:!s Potos:!-Charcas

Ficus carica ------L.

Shulman and Smith, 1962

Whiting, 1934

260. Egara

San Lu:!s Potos:!-Charcas

unidentified

Reference Shulman and Smith; 1962

New MexicoSpanish

Location New MexicoSpanish

Botanical Name Prunus persica

Prunus persica?

(Durazno, Oja de)

Spanish Name

Hair dandruff and lice: boil leaves in water and use as rinse after shampoo

Blood (to give strenth): make tea of leaves and drink warm. Anemia: drink tea cold.

Toothache: apply powdered root. Red pustules boil in water and use to bathe. Rheumatism: same as above

Food: eat fruit

"Cancer" sores: bathe sores with peach water

Food: eat fruit

Use Fever. Infection: "good for combatting infection."

1-'

0\

co

Liniment: steep and use. Tea: steep and use Shulman and Smith, 1962 New MexicoSpanish

Gutierrezia Sarothrae

(see also Collalle)

Excessive menstruation: dry flowers, grind, and insert vaginally (3)

See Collalle

Ford, 1966

New MexicoSpanish

Opuntia sp.

Diuretic: make tea from flowers. Hair tonic: decoct from roots.

Curtin, 194 7 Ford, 1966

Curtin, 1947

New MexicoSpanish

OEuntia arborescens Eng elm.

Loose teeth

New MexicoSpanish

Lundell, 1934

Nueva LeonMonterrey

Quercus sp.

Felon on thumb: bathe in tepid tea made from bark. Sores and external cancers: boil branches apply lukewarm lotion, sprinkle with powdered bark and bandage. Malaria: boil bark, place outside overnight, drink in morning. Diarrhea: same as for malaria.

Food: boil and drink with sugar as a cordial when "one cannot drink coffee"

Gutierrezia Sarothrae

Curtin; 1947

Zingg, 1932

New MexicoSpanish

ChihuahuaChihuahua

Quercus gambelii Nutt.

Croton monanthogynus Michx.

267. Escoba de la V:!bora

266. Epazote (see Pazote)

(Flor de Entrana)

265. Entrana

264. Encino

(Enciriilla)

():)

r-'

-----1

Kidney and urinary troubles. Pains in shoulders. Fevers: boil leaves and take as purgative Fever: make tea from leaves and stems

Pennington, 1963a Riley and Trujillo, 1956 Lundell and White, 1934

ChihuahuaTepehuan ChihuahuaTepehuan Durango-Rio Grande near La Ferreria San Lu!s Potos:f-Charcas

Redfield, 1928 Valley of Mexico-Tepotzlan Western Mexico

unidentified

unidentified

?Loeselia sp.

Ipomea sp.

Loeselia mexi-

269. Esconcionera

270. Espadafia

271. Espanita

272. Espanto Vaquero

273. Espinoncillo

L. coccinea Don

can~ (Lam~rand

Pimples on face: boil in water and use as wash

Pennington, 1963a

San Luis Potos:f-Charcas

Buddleia scordioides

Rose, 1899

Lundell, 1934

Fever: make tea

Stomach cramps: use roots to make strong tea

Constipation and bad stomach

Stomach trouble: boil in water

(Escobillo Savilla)

Whiting, 1934

San Lu:fs Potos:f-Charcas

Indigestion and empacho: boil in water

Use

Buddleia scordioides H.B.K.

Whiting, 1934

Reference

(Escobillo)

Location San Lu:fs Potos:f-Charcas

Botanical Name

Buddleia scordioides H.B.K.

268. Escobilla

Spanish Name

()) ())

r'

San Luis Potosi-Charcas New MexicoSpanish New MexicoSpanish

A. ludoviciana Nutt.

Artemisia sp.

Artemisia sp. [Rocky Mt. sage]

(Istafiate)

ChihuahuaChihuahua

A. ludoviciana Nutt. ssp. mexicana (Willd. ) Keck

(Istafiate)

New Mexico

Artemisia frigida Willd.

New MexicoSpanish

Artemisia frigida Willd.

New MexicoSpanish

New MexicoSpanish

mexi~

Artemisia tridentata

Artemisia Willd.

(Estafiata)

274. Estafiate (Ajenjo, Istafiate)

Shulman and Smith, 1962

White, 1941

Lundell, 1934

Zingg, 1932

Wooton and Standley, 1915

Jones, 1931

Robbins, et al., 1916

Curtin, 1947

Stomachache: take tea. Witches.

Food: toast and powder and give to babies with breast milk

Colic: give decoction to children

Stomach disorders: take infusion

Indigestion; flatulenc~, cough: see Chamiso Hediondo

Diarrhea and vomiting: make tea and give to babies as a purge. Stomachache: drink tea. Cough: mash plant with water, place in a rag and give to children to suck. Rheumatism: make solution for bathing.

t--'

():)

\0

Spanish Name

Stomach upset:(child) grind stems, leaves and flowers, mix with milk and give; (adult) take as tea before meals and at night. Stomach upset: use leaves to make tea. Inflammations: crush leaves for poultice. Diarrhea: heat whole plant and sit on it. Fright Stomachaches: boil with milk, cool and drink liquid before breakfast. Children upset by mother's milk: boil

Riley and Trujillo, 1956

Pennington, 1963a

Whiting, 1934 Riley and Trujillo, 1956

ChihuahuaJuarez DurangoDurango

ChihuahuaTepehuan

San Lu:fs Potos:C-Charcas Durango-Llano Grande near La Ferreria

Artemisia sp.

Franseria acanthicarpa

unidentified

unidentified

Ford and Ford, 1965

Stomachache: take as tea (3)

Artemisia sp.

Ford, 1966

New MexicoSpanish

Menstrual cramping and diarrhea: see Coll~lle for recipe

Use

Artemisia sp.

Marquez, 1964

Reference

New MexicoSpanish

Location

Artemisia sp.

Botanical Name

1-' \0 0

Curtin, 1947

Whiting, 1934

New MexicoTaos Pueblo

San Lu:!s Potosf-Charcas Nueva LeonMonterrey

Echinocystis lobata Torr. and Gray

Asphodelus fistulosus L.

Eucaluptus sp.

278. Estrella del Norte

unidentified 280. Flor de / Alquitr~n (see Alquitran)

Lundell, 1934

Tidestrom and Kittell, 1941

New Mexico

Milla biflora Cav.

277. Estrella

279. Eucalita

Curtin, 1947

New MexicoSpanish

Datura sp.

276. Estramonio

Pennington, 1963b

ChihuahuaTarahumar

Riley and Trujillo, 1956

unidentified

Durango-San Pedro across river from La Ferreria

275. Estafiate Prieto

unidentified

Cough: use with other herbs

Rheumatism: bake green fruit, split open and bind on afflicted members.

See Toloache

Intestinal upsets: use roots and stems along with 2 other unidentified plants and decoct

Ulcers: boil leaves and take liquid each night for 5 days

crumbled leaves with milk and crumbled egg shell; cool and feed to child

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Bougainvillea sEectabilis

CaesalEinia Eulcherrima (L.) Swartz

283. Flor de Bougainbilla

284. Flor de Camaron

San Lu:fs Potos:f-Charcas

Redfield, 1928 Valley of Mexico-Tepotzlan

Rosa sp.

Wigandia kunthii Choisy

287. Flor de Chicascle

Lundell, 1934

Valley of Redfield, 1928 Mexico-Tepotzlan

Lundell, 1934

Riley and Trujillo, 1956

Lundell, 1934

Reference

286. Flor de Castilla

285. Flor de Cardo Santo (see Carda Santo)

ChihuahuaParral

unidentified

282. Flor de Baraca

San Lu:fs Potos:f-Charcas

Nueva LeonMonterrey

Hibiscus syriacus

281. Flor Altea

Location

Botanical Name

Spanish Name

Abdominal pains: boil ground leaves and take

Enema: boil and use

Whooping cough: see Cabellito de Angel. Cough: boil with Flor de Molenillo (Malvaviscus) and armadillo shell

Cough: drink in water

Coughs, colds, fevers: boil flowers, stems and leaves, and take every 2 hours for 3 days. (may combine with Cafia Fistula for remedy fot bad bronchial cough with fever)

Cough

Use

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Solanum madrense Fernald

Sanvitalia ocymoides

unidentified

Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.) Swingle

Malvaviscus conzattii Greenm.

Tagetes erecta L.

Cordia boissieri

Solanum fontanesianum Dunal

288. Flor de Clamaclancle

289. Flor de un Dia

290. Flor de Jamica

291. Flor de Limon

292. Flor de Molenillo

293. Flor de Muerto

294. Flor de Nacahuila

295. Flor de Nacahuite

White, 1941

Lundell, 1934

Lundell, 1934

Zingg, 1932

Valley of Redfield, 1928 Mexico-Tepotzlan

Nueva LeonMonterrey

ChihuahuaChihuahua

Valley of Redfield, 1928 Mexico-Tepotzlan

Valley of Redfield, 1928 Mexico-Tepotzlan

New MexicoSpanish

San Lufs Potosf-Charcas

Valley of Redfield, 1·928 Mexico-Tepotzlan

Cough: boil plant and drink tea. Restlessness during fevers: boil with Hinojo (Anethum), Flor de Tilia (Tilia), la Peonia (Peonia), Flor de

Diarrhea: take decoction

Cough: for recipe see Flor de Camaron

Fretfulness (la mohina): treat anger and illtemper with warm drinks, e.g. lime flowers made into tea and sweetened

Vomiting in nursing baby: boil, mix with alcohol, give to mother to drink and to wash breasts

infusion

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(Flor de la Pefia)

Selaginella cuspidata

299. Flor de Pefia

Colic and indigestion. Food: use to sweeten tesguino. Bilis: use in related complications; one item in a tea Colic and indigestion

Bennett and Zingg, 1935 Kelly, 1965

Zingg, 1932

ChihuahuaTarahumar CoahuilaTorreon ChihuahuaChihuahua

Selaginella ?cuspidata Link

Selaginella sp.

Chest cough: use with other items in tea

CoahuilaTorreon

Nymphaea ?ampla DC

298. Flor de la Paz

Kelly, 1965

Cough

Lundell, 1934

San Luis Potosi-Charcas

Yucca sp.

Nerves and heart condition: take as tea twice daily Colds: drink decoction made from flowers

Riley and Trujillo, 1956

Insomnia: boil flowers, sweeten, take before going to bed

Manita, nutmeg, cinnamon, and magnesia powder

Use

Zingg, 1932

DurangoDurango

unidentified

Riley and Trujillo, 1956

Reference

ChihuahuaChihuahua

ChihuahuaParral

Location

unidentified [orange tree] Citris sp.

Botanical Name

Yucca sp.

297. Flor de Palma (also called Palma Chino)

296. Flor de Naranja (see also Azahar)

Spanish Name

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Curtin, 1947

Anogra runcinata (Engelm.) Woot. and Standl.

302. Flor de San Juan New MexicoSpanish

Redfield, 1928 Valley of Mexico-Tepotzlan Field, 1953

Laelia sp.

301. Flor de San Diego

Pennington, 1963a

ChihuahuaTepehuan

Lundell, 1934

Parmelia reticulata

San Lu:!s Potos:!-Charcas

300, Flor de Piedra

Selaginella sp.

Kidney trouble: boil flowers in water, add sugar and drink. Inflamed throat and/or tonsil trouble: make fresh flowers into paste, spread between 2 pieces of cloth, place on throat as a counterirritant. Freckles: to "cure," rub petals on skin.

Prevention of abortion when pregnant woman cannot satisfy a food craving. See Azucena.

Venereal disease and kidney ailments: make tea, leave outside overnight, drink

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Cough: herbs Cough

Fever, Paralysis, food: see Capu1!n Silvestre

Lundell, 1934 Lundell, 1934 Curtin, 1947

New MexicoSpanish

Nueva LeonMonterrey CoahuilaSaltillo New MexicoSpanish

Castilleja integra A. Gray C. lineariaefolia

Sambucus mexicana Presl

Sambucus mexicana Presl

Sambucus mexicana Presl

303. Flor de Santa Rita

304. Flor Sauco

(Flor de Saugua)

(Flor de Sauz)

Curtin, 1947

use with other

Diuretic: take sweetened tea every 2-3 hours. Inflammation of skin and leprosy: for recipe see Cana Agria.

Toothache: boil flowers, cool, use to rinse mouth

Riley and Trujillo, 1956

Durango-Llano Grande near La Ferreria

unidentified

Clearing the sight: use blossom to make decoction to drop in eye

Kelly, 1965

CoahuilaTorreon

Use

Macrosiphonia lanuginosa (Mart. and Gal.) Hemsl.

Reference

Location

Botanical Name

Spanish Name

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