198 34 11MB
English Pages [450] Year 1975
ANTHROPOLOGICAL PAPERS
MUSEUM OF ANTHROPOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN NO. 60
LAS YERBAS DE LA GENTE: ASTUDY OF HISPANO-AMERICAN MEDICINAL PLANTS
BY KAREN COWAN FORD
ANN ARBOR THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, 1975
© 1975 by the Regents of the University of Michigan The Museum of Anthropology All rights reserved ISBN (print): 978-0-932206-58-9 ISBN (ebook): 978-1-951519-11-7 Browse all of our books at sites.lsa.umich.edu/archaeology-books. Order our books from the University of Michigan Press at www.press.umich.edu. For permissions, questions, or manuscript queries, contact Museum publications by email at [email protected] or visit the Museum website at lsa.umich.edu/ummaa.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My interest in Hispanic American medicinal herbs grew in part from assisting Richard I. Ford in his study of the ecology of San Juan Pueblo, a Tewa-speaking Indian group on the Rio Grande in northern New Mexico, which was funded by National Science Foundation Grant #659. In studying Pueblo Indian uses of plants it was necessary to examine Spanish-named plants and the interactions between the Pueblos and their Spanishspeaking neighbors. In the course of this research I became aware of several unpublished collections of Spanish-named plants, mostly at the University of Michigan Museum of Anthropology. The study of these collections, as well as my continuing fieldwork, has been supported by a Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research Museum Research Fellowship (Grant #1956-1829 plus a supplemental grant). Without the Foundation's continued appreciation for this project and understanding of unexpected delays these collections would have remained unstudied. These investigations were conducted under the guidance of Professor Volney H. Jones who gave permission to use the facilities and files of the Museum of Anthropology's Ethnobotanical Laboratory at the University of Michigan. Professor Jones, Dr. Carroll L. Riley, Dr. Anne Smith, and the late Dr. Edward P. Dozier kindly provided access to unpublished materials. Dr. Bertha Dutton, Dr. Alfonso Ortiz, Mr. and Mrs. Hugo Crowder, and many other friends and informants assisted in my fieldwork. Library and bibliographic assistance was provided by Dr. Nancie L. Gonzales and Mrs. Mary Bryan while Dr. Rogers McVaugh helped greatly with the botanical nomenclature. Miss Dorothy Kent and the late Miss Anne Avery supplied advice and encouragement and the former provided lodging in an ideal location for my fieldwork. Mr. Gary Clark assisted in the processing of the data, Mrs. Judith Hsieh, Ms. Dorothy Eckoff, Ms. Nancy Nowak, and Ms. Mary Hodge of the Museum of Anthropology of the University of Michigan as well as Ms. Lucinda Quackenbush provided secretarial services, and Mr. George Stuber contributed the map. Editing by Ms. Barbara Bluestone and Ms. Mary Coombs is greatly appreciated. Finally, my husban~ Dr. Richard I. Ford, has provided constant encouragement and invaluable assistance in all phases of this project.
iii
CAUTION!!! The various ethnic groups included in this study have These people many members who know and use herbal remedies. know the area in which they live very well and know where their relatives and teachers collected herbs and .how they used them. The use of wild plants as medicines involves little risk to these individuals, their families, and friends. Let me strongly caution others who are reading this report, however: plants of the same species growing in different areas may have different properties, with some having toxic effects; some parts of a particular species of plant may be safe to use while other parts are poisonous; some plants may be safe only at particular points in their life cycle; and, finally, it is at times quite difficult to distinguish a poisonous species from an edible one within Please seek the assistance of a qualified the same plant family. botanist to identify any wild plants before ingesting them.
v
TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements Caution
iii
v
Introduction
1
Knowledge Hierarchy of Medicinal Beliefs and Practices 4 Levels of Interaction Concluding Comments
7 9
Appendixes: A. The Volney H. Jones Collection
11
B.
The Lundell and Whiting Collection
C,
The Leslie A, Hhi.te Collection
D.
Juarez, Chihuahua Market Collection (Richard I. and Karen Cowan Ford)
E.
Herb Collection, Roybal's Store
F.
Glossary of Spanish-Named Medicinal Plants
G.
Botanical Name Dictionary
Bibliography
433
vii
381
15 71 75
81 115
INTRODUCTION Medicinal herb lore of Hispanic America, the area of Spanish settlement in the New World, has fascinated scholars and laymen for many years. A rich body of herb knowledge is to be found among the inhabitants of the northern part of this area. During the past 40 years a number of individuals have tapped this valuabl~ knowledge of plants and collected data on usage, and much of this remains unpublished. Several unpublished collections of herbs are housed in the Ethnobotanical Laboratory at the University of Michigan. These have been used in this study and will be briefly described here. In 1932 Volney H. Jones purchased a number of herbs from market vendors in Juarez, Chihuahua, Mexico. After collecting local names and information on use, he identified the specimens botanically (Appendix A). Two years later A. Whiting and C.C. Lundell obtained economic plants from markets and in the field in the Mexican states of San Luis Potosi and Nueva Leon. Usage data and Spanish names were collected and botanical identifications were made (Appendix B). Leslie A. White purchased samples of dried herbs, each labeled with a Spanish name, from a prescription druggist, B. Ruppe, in Albuquerque, New Mexico, in 1941 (Appendix C). Richard I. Ford and I purchased a portion of the inventory of an herb dealer in the Juarez market in 1965 for comparative purposes and to assist our work with Pueblo Indians in northern New Mexico. Names and uses were obtained and identifications were made (Appendix D). The Roybal's Store Collection (Appendix E), obtained by Karen Cowan Ford in 1966, includes names, information about sources, usages, and clientele, as well as botanical identifications. In addition, C. Riley and C. Trujillo (of Southern Illinois University) made available to me a manuscript (circa 1956) describing plants with names and medicinal uses from the Mexican states of Durango and Zacatecas. Finally, S. Schulman and A. Smith's research report (1962) included many Spanish-named herbs from northern New Mexico along with common English plant names and considerable usage data. All of these studies remain unpublished, but are included in my· glossary (Appendix F). The disparate nature of these studies prohibited full utilization without supplementing them with additional fieldwork in the northern part of the area, especially northern New Mexico. It has been my task to place this information in a wider social context and to assemble the data into a useful format for other scholars. In order to facilitate further study and specifically to create this format, a glossary (Appendix F) of Spanish-named medicinal herbs was compiled using the names and botanical identifications from the collections as well as several published works to add depth and geographical breadth. Particularly 1
2
KEY TO NEW MEXICO SEQUENCE 1 Chamito
2 Espan'ola 3 Jemez Springs 4 Taos COLORADO
5 Truchas 6Las Vegas 7 Santa Fe 8 Albuquerque
CALIFORNI ... ePhoenix
NEW MEXICO
TEX ... S
CHIHUAHUA
•
Chihuahua
0
I
50
100
loioMol MILES
Fig. 1. Geographical area under study.
3 significant sources covering regions within the area under study were Kelly (1965) on Coahuilla, Zingg (1932) on Chihuahua, Owen (1963) on Baja California, Robbins et al. (1916) and Curtin (1947) on New Mexico, and Pennington (1963~.• 1963£) on the Tepehuan and the Tarahumar. The fo.llowing, though from outside the area of major concern, were also used; Madsen (1965), Field (1953), and Redfield (1928), all on the Valley of Mexico. As it has developed, this glossary will serve as a useful reference for others interested in medicinal herbs.* Since this research was designed to analyze existing museum collections, these, in turn, delineated the geographical area to be considered, which extends from San Lufs Potosf to Baja California to northern New Mexico and includes all or part of the Mexican states of Nueva Leon, Coahuila, San Luf~ Potosf, Durango, Zacatecas, Chihuahua, Sonora, and parts of the American states of Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, Colorado, and California (see Fig. 1). This area includes the Rio Grande Valley and adjacent semi-arid uplands as well as the Chihuahuan and Sonoran deserts and semi-arid uplands to the east, south, and north. Despite its extent, fortunately, this region is a manageable unit of analysis from the perspective of herbal lore. Since folk medicine is known only superficially for some of this area, emphasis of necessity will be placed on the eastern two-thirds of the region. The Sonoran Desert and environs will only be dealt with tangentially. The culturally diverse inhabitants of this geographical area include various Indian tribes, mestizos, Hispanos (Spanishspeakers in the southwestern U.S. descended from seventeenth and eighteenth century settlers), Mexican-Americans, Chicanos, Blacks, Anglos, and commune groups. No systematic attempt has been made to study the herb lore of the various Indian tribes, but they have long intermingled with people of Spanish descent, exchanging plants and plant names; thus, groups such as the Tepehuan, Tarahumara, Pima, Keres, Tewa, and Tiwa are included in the study. Anglos in the southwestern United States have not been systematically included in my research but some, particularly those living in rural co~unes, have been indirectly observed, and a few brief comments will be included. For the most part the people involved with the herbs under study are Hispanos in the United States and mestizos in Mexico living in villages and urban centers. Over northern Hispanic America· these people share a heritage that includes folk Catholicism and herbal curing based on certain disease concepts, despite differences in economic pursuits. Within this area there is, however, considerable diversity of herbal knowledge, use, and procurement. Inhabitants of various areas have differential access to different plant habitats, * The Botanical Name Dictionary (Appendix G) facilitates retrieving information about plants when the Spanish name is not known.
4 e.g., desert, mountains. The history of individual locales within the area has varied in the extent of interaction among different cultural groups, e.g., Indian tribes, Anglos. Availability of Western culture -- medicine, stores, and religious groups -- has been differential. In any case, since the fund of medicinal information throughout the area precludes everyone being an expert and prevents any one person from knowing all, I hypothesize an hierarchy of knowledge about the medico-health system and about specific herbs and their uses. Moreover, by including individuals with differential knowledge we can distinguish levels of interaction through which information is exchanged and herbs are procured. In turn, the interactions at various levels contribute to the maintenance of similarity of medicinal practices over the area. It is my intention to delineate these hierarchies and levels of interaction through a discussion of disease concepts and herbs, their distribution, and uses. KNOWLEDGE HIERARCHY OF MEDICINAL BELIEFS AND PRACTICES Medicinal beliefs are intimately associated with ideas about the nature of the world. Disease concepts of Hispanic America range from those based on witchcraft, evil eye, or bad air to those claiming emotional origin, or organ displacement. Perhaps the most important ideas for our purposes are the belief in the balance of Nature and the fatalistic belief that "God's will" always prevails. The Hispano world consists of elements in balance: rich and poor, sacred and profane, light and dark, hot and cold. In order to remain in balance with one's surroundings one must do things in moderation so as not to disturb the balance. Illness may result when one's relationship with his external environment is altered abruptly, as when experiencing a shock or fright, as well as when one's body's internal balance between hot and cold is disturbed. The latter is very important for a study of medicinal plants as it underlies the system of classifying remedies as hot, cold, or in between -~his is an intrinsic quality of a food or medicine and has little to do with actual temperature. Ailments are also classified as hot or cold and a return to good health is sought through applying the appropriate type of remedy to achieve balance. Simplistically stated, for example, a hot ailment is treated with a cold remedy. Finally, belief in "God's will" as the ultimate cause of illness does not preclude efforts to help one feel better, but it does serve to divert harsh judgement if a cure apparently fails. Individuals have differential knowlege of ailments and cures as well as disease concepts. From a survey of the literature, and particularly from the author's fieldwork, it became apparent that most adults over the age of 40, and some younger persons, share an acquaintance with the hot-cold classificatory
5 system; that is, they can label some ailments and remedies as hot or cold and know that a hot ailment is treated with a cold remedy. It should be added that how a particular item is classed is highly idiosyncratic but knowing how the classification works facilitates interactions with other persons including curing specialists. Many adults are familiar with common disease concepts -- the specific definitions of which may vary from one locale to another-- such as evil eye (mal de ojo). This is usually a non-malicious, inherent condition of the afflicter which is responsible for certain symptoms, especially in chil·dren. Adults outside the immediate family or living unit are careful not to stare at a child, lest they arouse suspicions should the child become ill. Susto or espanto (fright) is a disease concept which many know about -- a frightening episode may cause an anxious emotional state which in turn produces symptoms such as breathing difficulties or stomach gas. Bad air (mal aire or aigre) is widely defined as too much heat or cold invading the body, sometimes from exposure to a dusty whirlwind or other unusual movement of air. This produces various symptoms such as facial twisting, tics, paralysis, dizziness, and headaches. Parents know that babies often suffer from fallen fontanel (caida de mollera), a state in which the fontanel is depressed from vigorous handling or exposure to cold air and the infant is quite ill. Children, and sometimes adults, are known to become afflicted with empacho, a condition in which blockage occurs, causing swelling, bloating and general gastrointestinal distress. This is often attributed to eating too much of certain foods, especially cold foods when one is hot from hard work or play. While laymen may not know specifics of diagnosis or treatment, they are familiar with these diseases and the underlying assumptions like the hot-cold continuum. Wh.en a disease such as the above rilentio.i:J.ed .is suspected they will usually seek the aid of a curing specialist, while minor ailments will be treated at home. At least a small number of herbal cures, magical charms, and ways to enlist the aid of saints are known to many, if not all, adults. Just as many Anglo-Americans have aspirin, cold tablets, stomach remedies, cough drops, rubbing alcohol, and Bandaids in their medicine cabinets, many Hispanos keep rose petals (Rosa de Castilla-- Rosa spp.) for sore throats, manzanila (Matricaria spp. or A~is sp.) for stomach upsets and colds, osha (Ligusticurn Porteri) for cuts, inrnortal (Asclepias capricornu) for various ailments, and alhucema (Lavandula sp.) for infants' stomachaches. Since the hot-cold classification does not really separate food from medicine, the kitchen is a natural extension of the medicine cabinet. The following items are useful for medicinal purposes: papas (potato slices) and nuez (nutmeg) for headache, canela (cinnamon) for headache and stomachache, albaca (sweet basil) for stomachache, and clavos (cloves) for toothache. Many persons know about and may' carry charms such as osha to keep snakes away, inrnortal for luck in
6 love, cachana (Liatris punctata) to protect against witches, and various religious medals. Beyond the almost universal medical kit described above, virtually every extended family has an older member, generac_ly a woman in most of the area considered here, who knows considerably more about specific symptoms and cures, and her advice is sought when a relative is ill. This individual usually knows several different remedies to try for a particular complaint and where to obtain these if they are not already collected and prepared for use. In the event of a more serious or a chronic ailment, help outside the family may be sought. Neighbors who have more or different remedies to offer are called upon and eventually a person recognized more widely as a specialist may be consulted. Specialists, known as medicas in northen New Mexico and curanderas in much of the remaining area under study, know considerably more about curing than the average villager as a result of one or more of the following: wider contacts, training by relatives who are (or were) specialists, or possession and use of published pharmacopoeias. Different types of specialists include in New Mexico, for example, a male (medico) specialist who often treats by massage and may be known as a salvador, or a woman specialist (medica) who may also be an accomplished midwife (paterna), although a woman may learn midwifery without becoming a specialist in other aspects of medicine. A specialist often is obvious as such because she or he is paid for goods, e.g., herbs, and services rendered. Some specialists in curing may also be considered witches (brujas) and most curers treat witchcraft-induced ailments; however, brujas often are not curers at all. Curing specialists in all areas utilize religious beliefs and practices to some extent but in certain areas they are involved in spiritualist practices (cf. Kelly 1965, Madsen 1965) and are affiliated with religious sects other than the folk Catholicism of the majority. While many individuals need not leave their home village or a neighboring village, some will travel considerable distances to seek curers of great reputation in another village or in an urban center. Curing specialists have greater knowledge of and are generally more articulate about disease theory and more adept at diagnosing ailments resulting from f:t.ight or evil eye, for example, than other people. While classification of ailments and herbal remedies into hot, cold,or in between categories may be idiosyncratic to the exr:ent that whether an item is hot or cold may vary from one specialist to another, the specialist, in comparison with others, can place items quickly and confidently into categories and use the system extensively in diagnosis and treatment. Specialists utilize more herbs than the average householder and their recipes for medicines are at times quite complicated and may require a number of ingredients, including herbs and other i terns, plus precise proc·edures to
7 follow in regard to treatment. Many descriptions of these recipes and treatments are to be found in the literature (Clark 1964, Madsen 1965, Kelly 1965) and are not our concern here. What is important for this study and should be emphasized is that the medicas represent the high point of the knowledge and usage hierarchy and are important nodes in a communication network that disseminates herbal knowledge. In conclusion it is instructive to note that in proceeding up the hierarchy of knowledge and usage, one finds first an individual with an ailment and perhaps a single plant remedy; his relative or neighbor may suggest one or two alternative plants to try; a specialist will often prescribe an exotic mixture of herbs. LEVELS OF INTERACTION Within this situation, where there exists a vast amount of medicinal herb information known collectively by individuals, as well as differential knowledge among individuals, we can distinguish several levels of interaction through which knowledge is exchanged and herbs procured. To better understand the spread of curing information and especially the spatial distribution of herbs it is useful to consider levels of personal interaction. These were alluded to in the previous section where mention was made of the strategy employed when an individual suffered from an ailment. Individual villagers interact with relatives and other nonspecialists as well as with medicas within their own village, in neighboring villages, and in urban centers. They also interact with priests who are frequently of nonlocal origin and may reside in and serve one village or may travel to several. Peddlers have long been present, especially in the southwestern United States, and often have provided relatively isolated villages with goods, including plants, and information originating from some distance away. In Mexico, markets offer a place for people to meet to exchange herbal curing information and to purchase herbs and other items for treatment. Finally, in the absence of markets, stores such as general stores and drugstores have become an important locus of herbs and curing information in the Southwest.* A more detailed look at herb sources, procurement, and distribution can be made by examining the potential contacts of an individual Hispano New Mexican. An adult, as mentioned previously, will have some knowledge of remedies for common ailments. Some of these may require such items as tax stamps from cigarette packs (to treat headache), but those requiring plants or plant products may be acquired in various ways. In and around the village he may collect wild herbs such as rosa de Castilla (Rosa spp., rose petals, for sore throat), cafia agria (Rumex ~nosepalus, roots, for teeth and gums), chimaja * In Mexico, too, various stores are outlets for herbs, but I have not personally studied these.
8 (Cyrnopterus spp., roots for food, leaves for stomachache as well as seasoning), malvas (Malvas spp., stems and leaves for childbirth and infants), poleo (Hedeoma nanum, stems and leaves for fever), yerba buena (Mentha spicata,~s and leaves for stomachache). Persons with gardens often plant from seed or transplant various herbs for home use including marrubio (Marrubium vulgare), yerba buena, poleo, albaca, oregano (Monarda menthaefolia), altamisa (Artemisia franserioides or Tanacetum vulgare), azafran (Carthamus tinctorius), cilantro (Coriandrum sativum), and occasionally osh~. Picnics in the mountains are a very popular recreation and provide convenient access to wild herbs native to higher elevations, usually some distance from house and garden, as well as herbs that grow in greater abundance in these locales. Sabina macho (Juniperus communis, needles and berries for urinary disorders), and the aforementioned osha, altamisa, and oregano are often gathered on these occasions. Other herbs are more often purchased from peddlers, travelers, or from stores in the form of bundles of plant parts or seeds to plant: osha, inmortal, contrayerba (Kallstroemia californica), cachana, yerba del manse (Anemopis californica), punche (Nicotiana rustica), manzanilla, alhucema, cascara sagrada (Rhamnus ~ornica), ruda (Ruta graveolen). romero (Rosmarinus officinalis)~-·te de sena (Cassia sp.). Of these, only the first five are locally available wild, and in fact, stores import others from considerable distances. In the past, peddlers carried these latter items up the Rio Grande from Mexico. Friends or relatives who travel can often be important sources for herbs -- there is frequent contact between the people of northern New Mexico and those of Mexico. One example of this is a woman, not a medica, native of Nueva Leon who lives in northern New Mexico. When she visits her family in Mexico, she takes orders for herbs from fr±erids in northern New Mexico, fills them through an herb dealer, and b~ings them back to her friends. The herbs are packaged in brown paper bags with notations as to the ailment which the contents of each should cure. A few individuals order specific herbs, such as azahar (Citris sp.), but most only ask her to get something that is good for a particular ailment and then reorder if they are satisfied. It is my impression that many people in northern New Mexico know someone, perhaps even an anthropologist, who travels to Mexico on occasion and will purchase herbs for them. This type of interaction is not uncommon. In Mexico the markets are an important source of herbs and curing information as people meet there regularly to buy and sell food, household items, and medicinal herbs. Herb vendors usually are quite knowledgeable about curing, but generally are not considered curanderos. One vendor may sell many different items, fresh in season or dried. An example is a man who has a stall in the Mercado Cuauatemoc in Juarez, Chihuahua (see Appendix D). On the occasion of a visit in May, 1965, he had available nearly 150 herbs as well as a number of patent medicines. In a 10 minute period he made at least 10 sales. Of
9 the 150 herbs, approximately 30 are commonly used in northern New Mexico. Most of these are known by the same name in both locations but a few are known by the dealer to have more than one name, e.g., yerba del manzo = babiza, osha= chuchupate. The vendor provided uses for most of the herbs and could prescribe when asked. Vendors in markets generally could be considered low level specialists but probably lack the knowledge of a curandera and seldom offer exotic mixtures or complex procedures. Furthermore, they are not really sanctioned as curers within the community and would not be consulted for diagnoses. Market situations such as this are not generally found in the United States, although individual entrepeneurs do seize opportunities such as fiestas and art fairs to sell herbs. In the Southwest, stores, especially drug stores, have become very important sources of herbal medicines in small towns as well as in the cities of the area as urbanization has tended to remove many people from rural living and the plant world. Drugstores and general stores obtain herbs from various sources. Many buy stock from local collectors and cultivators and mail order from specialty companies. Stores are herb sources for ordinary individuals as well as specialists and often a clerk, pharmacist, or other employee has considerable knowledge of herbal curing, and can assist a customer with purchases appropriate to his or her ailment. While many stores, such as San Juan Mercantile of San Juan Pueblo, New Mexico (until July 1973 when it was destroyed by fire), and Fairview Pharmacy of Espanola, have only a few herbs for sale, others carry a large supply. Among these are Ruppe's drugstore in Alhuqnerque (White 1941, see Appendix C), which carried at least 23 herbs in 1941, Pueblo Drug and Valley Drugs in Espanola, New Mexico, which carry 60-80 different herbs, and a few, such as Tienda de la Salud in Santa Fe, which specialize in herbs to the extent that all other merchandise is secondary to the herbal business. Perhaps the best known of these stores was Roybal's Store, 1917-1968 (see Appendix E). In addition to drugstores, health food stores, flourishing especially since the late 1960s, carry herbs. Thus an individual need not plant or collect his own herbs for medicine as the most common and popular ones are readily available for purchase. These stores serve many individuals over a wide area bounded roughly by Taos on the north, Las Vegas on the east, Jemez Springs on the west, and Albuquerque on the south. They are a very important locus of distribution for herbs and curing knowledge. CONCLUDING COMMENTS Interaction of individuals in many different situations accounts for the exchange of information and herbs over a wide area and up and down the hierarchy. A brief discussion about the efficacy of the remedies, the need for different strategies of
10 herb procurement, and the acceptance of new curing information is appropriate. One could list many different remedies for any one common ailment such as stomachache. This is the case for a number of reasons, and if one item is not available, because it is out of season, or climatic ~onditions are inappropriate, another can be used. If one item does not cure, an alternative can be tried; if one cure helps somewhat, two or three might be even better. Or, if a remedy fails to cure, the diagnosis may be in error. Also, conveniently, the religious belief that "God's will" prevails means that if an ailment fails to be cured by a particular remedy, it does not prove the inefficacy of the herb but only the stubbornness of the ailment, i.e., God wills that one be sick. Meanwhile, it is useful to try anything that might help one to feel better. A further result of this belief is that curing specialists are not generally boycotted for an occasional failure to effect a cure. (It should also be noted that renowned curers select patients with care and often refuse to treat hopeless cases.) Moreover, while few, if any, herbs do harm when properly used (except in occasional cases where their use delays the acquisition of other essential medical aid), there is no doubt that many herbal remedies contain essential nutrients including minerals and vitamins, which very likely assist in the acquisition of good health. Other plants may have value as drugs in the Western medical sense but few have been investigated to determine their pharmacological properties. While some ailments may alleviate without treatment, herbal remedies aid the healing process through physiological and psychological means. The personal testimony of a friend is sufficient reason to accept a-new remedy. Shared disease concepts offer an avenue of acceptance, i.e., if two persons understand evil eye sickness, then one can often convince the other to use a new remedy. Shared classifications such as hot-cold serve similarly as when an individual recognizes he is suffering a stomachache from eating cold foods, another person may convince him to try an unfamiliar herb if the former classifies it as hot and therefore potentially efficacious for a cold ailment. Thus shared beliefs allow new remedies to be accepted and the many loci of interaction keep the information moving, potentially increasing and expanding herbal knowledge and use among indivi~uals at any level of the hierarchy. In conclusion, it may seem incongruous that in this day of modern medicine folk cures are still popular. In fact, the presence of medical facilities in urban areas does not guarantee use and the inability of professional medical practitioners to attract and deal effectively with the Hispano population in the United States helps perpetuate folk medicine. Western medicine lacks- cures for folk diseases, and for common ailments such as colds as well as serious, often fatal diseases, such as cancer and heart disease. There is not only still a place for herbal remedies, but they should not be treated with indifference or
l.Oa
condecension by the medical profession. Rather, they should be better understood and accepted as supplementary, complementary, or even substitute treatments. Interestingly, there is also an interest among some educated individuals (several middleaged women of my acquaintance) in collecting and preserving herbal curing information from relatives both as a hobby and for potential pecuniary reward via possible sale of published material or from the discovery of new miracle drugs extracted from local plants. Finally, the past few years have witnessed a growing trend toward the use of "natural" foods and medicines among non-Spanish individuals, especially Anglos, some of whom live in communes. While this may be of little or no consequence on the Mexican side of the border, this interest and use may favor the continued use of medicinal herbs among all ethnic groups in the southwestern United States for an indefinite period.
APPENDIX A The Volney H. Jones Collection Juarez, Chihuahua, 1932 While in the Southwest United States on a plant collecting trip for the Ethnobotanical Laboratory of the University of Michigan, Volney H. Jones purchased economic plants at the market in Juarez. Items were obtained for the comparative collections at the University of Michigan. Jones purchased specimens from five or six dealers and obtained data about usage through an interpreter. Upon his return to Ann Arbor, he catalogued them and identified them botanically when possible. This information appears on the following pages. Appendix D also pertains to Juarez and the comparison is interesting.
11
14641 14111
?Quas§ia
Erthyrina flabelliformis
Loesilia coccines Brand.
Bavisa (see Yerba Man sa)
Cafiahuala
Cafiaigre
Comino
Cuasia
Frijilito
Guachichile or Huichichili or Wachichile
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
h~enoseEalus
~
L.
Cuminum cyminium
Rumex Torr.
Notholaena sinuata var. integerrima Hook.
14120
bundle of stems and leaves
beans
small pieces of wood
fruit
dried roots
14104 14119
bundle of plants
seeds
no specimen
Specimen
14115
14118
3.
Pimpinel[a (anisum?)
Anise
14121
2.
unidentified
Catalog Number
Amole
Botanical Name
1.
Spanish Name
Fever and colds: plant used to make tea which is drunk and bathed in
Stomach upset from anger: soak in water and drink liquid
Food: used in sausage
Stomach medicine and blood tonic
Stomach medicine: an infusion is made
Wine making; on bread
Washing hair or clothes: dissolve in hot water
Use
[\)
1-'
14103
Matricaria sp.
unidentified
Juglans sp.
11. Manzanilla
12. Matariqui
13. Nogal
bundle of stems with leaves beans of the plant
14113 14114
14107
unidentified
unidentified
Tamarindus indica
16. Romero
17. Seniso
18. Tamarind
bundle of herb
bundle of stems
14108
bundle of herb
Ephedra antisyphilitica Meyer
14112
15. Popoti11o
14.
Cunila longiflora
herbarium specimen
roots
bundle of whole plants
stems, leaves, and fruit
Pol~o
14117
14116
14109
Plantagq major L.
10. Lauten
Beverage: dissolve beans in water and add sugar. Flavoring: e.g., ice cream
Stomach medicine: an infusion is made
Stomach medicine: an infusion of the stems is mixed with lemon or orange juice and sugar
Beverage: a drink for babies is made from it
Blood tonic: infusion of the boiled leaves
Kidney disorders: roots are boiled and the liquid used
Stomach tonic: infusion is made
Cuts: used as a poultice, wash wounds and then apply
f-'
w
bundle of stems with leaves
14106
Lippia nodiflora
22.
bundles of grass
14105
citratus
C~bopogon
leaves and flowers
14102
Cirsium undulatum (Nutt.)Spreng.
20. Lleva del Sapo
21. Zacate de limon
bundle of plants
14110
---
Anemopsis californica (Nut t. ) Hook.and Arn.
Specimen
19. Yerba Mansa
Catalog Number
Botanical Name
Spanish Name
Beverage: boil leaves in water
Fever: used for making a drink and for bathing
Boils: infusion used as a wash
Use
.(::""
I-'
APPENDIX B The Lundell and Whiting Collection, 1934 In 1934 the University of Michigan Herbarium conducted an expedition to Mexico.
Cyrus Longworth Lundell, then Curator of
Phanerogams, and Alfred Whiting, then a graduate student in botany, collected economic plants at Charcas, San Lufs Potosf, and Monterrey, Nueva Leon.
Food and medicinal plants were obtained in local
markets; assistants then helped to find herbarium specimens of the same plants in the field.
These specimens are available in the
Ethnobotanical Laboratory at The University of Michigan Museum of Anthropology.
Lundell and Whiting identified the plants and col-
lected some data on usage.
Their notes were used to compile the
following charts which list the plants by Spanish name and include the Ethnobotanical Laboratory catalog number, type of specimen, source, and use.
In most instances a question mark reflects the
notation Whiting and Lundell used on their data sheets.
I added a
very few question marks in cases where the original source was unclear or illegible.
These charts include the complete collection.
Many of the items included here are entered in the Spanish-name Glossary (Appendix F).
Plants were not included if both usage and
Latin name were lacking.
15
Charcas, enclosed hillside Charcas? Monterrey
no specimen
no specimen no specimen
W752
W597
Pellaea cordata (Cav.) J. Sm. (Maxon)
Oxalis leonis ------
Alamo
2.
3.
Char cas
Charcas, enclosed hillside
bundle of whole plants
bundles of stems with leaves and flowers no specimen
W943 14913 15656 15108
15248 14986
W569
unidentified
Scutellaria
Cowania plicata D. Don.
Medicago sativa L. (AFW?)
Albacar
Alejandria
Alfalfa
4.
5.
Charcas, mountain side
Charcas, damp ground
no specimen
W676
Charcas, enclosed hillside
no specimen
Oxalis sp. (AFW?)
--
W663
Oxalis albicans H.B.K. (AFW?)
Agrito
Location or Source
1.
Specimen
Catalog Number
Botanical Name
Spanish Name
For (the) heads
Use
!--' 0\
Alfilerillo
Alfilerillo
Almorrana
Alta Misa
6.
7.
8.
9.
Medicinal herb
Monterrey
Charcas plain
bundle of stems with leaves, flowers and pressed whole plant
pressed whol,e plant without root
15618 15069
W725 14870 15357
W767 15357
unidentified
Zaluzania triloba (Ort.) Pers. (AFW?)
Zaluzania triloba (Ort.) Pers. (AFW?)
West of San Diego
Gargle when the throat is closed. Boiled and liquid used
Char cas
mass of roots, stems, leaves
15255 14993
Acalypha hederaceae Torr. Erodium cicutarium (L~ L'Her.
Used to make gargle for sore throat
Charcas, low land once inhabited
pressed who :I.e plant
W674 14866
Erodium cicutarium (L.) L 'H€r.
Sore throat
Charcas, enclosed hillside
mounted pressed whole plant
W900 14889
Erodium cicutarium (L;) 1 'Her. (C.V. Morton)
~
15647 15098 W898 14887 also 15125
1avandula sp.
Galpinsia hortwegi (Bent h.) Britton (AFW?) also identified as Oenothera Greggii var. Pringelei Munz. (C.V. Morton)
14. Amapola
·15028 14948
L5695b 15147
15717 15170
unidentified
Franseria confertifolia Parthenium lxratum
W671 15206
W867 14881 15357
Catalog Number
Parthenium lyratum Gray (AFW?)
Zaluzania triloba (Ort.) Pers. (AFW?)
Botanical Name
13. Alurema (Alucema?)
12. Altamisa de Castilla
11. Al tamisa del Campo
10. Altimisa
Spanish Name
pressed whole plant without root-
flowers
all but root
bundles of stems with leaves, flowers
bundle of stems with leaves, flowers
Specimen
Charcas, enclosed hillside
Monterrey
Saltillo
Charcas land once inhabited
Charcas plain
Location or Source
Boil in water good for cough
Stomachache
Use
OJ
1-'
stems, leaves also, pressed whole plant bundle of stems with leaves, pressed plant
15639 15090 15567 15056
15610 15061
Pimpinella anisum
unidentified
18. Anis Chico
19. Apio
W911 14895
seeds
mounted pressed whole plant
Houstonia acerosa Gray (C.V. Morton)
17. Angrelitas
W947 14917
Prunus armeniaca (1) (C11)
pieces of roots
16. Amarrio
W5247 14985
all but root
unidentified
15125 (W898)
Galpinsia hartwegi (Benth.) Britton
15. Amargo
W566
unidentified
For bathing: boil in water and bathe with water; good for inflammation, ?neuralgia Boiled. Food and medicinal herb
Monterrey
Good for restrained urine
Small, round, yellow edible fruit
Medicinal plant
Boil in water, good for cough
Boil in water, good for cough
Char cas
Monterrey
Charcas, enclosed hillside
Orchard near Char cas
Charcas
Char cas
Charcas, enclosed hillside
I-'
'-()
Charcas, lowland
W790
W672
15632 15083
Gaillardia Mervosa Rydb. (AFW?) (sic)
Bouteloua gracilis (H.B.K.) Lag. (A.S. Hitchcock)
Citris (C. sinensis?) - --
21. Artizuilla or Artiguilla
22. Azahar de Naranjo
Monterrey
Plateau west San Diego
W679
Gaillardia nervosa Rydb. (AFW?)
flower petals
Charcas, enclosed hillside
W912 14896
Gaillardia nervosa Rydb. (S.F. Blake)
~·closed
bundles of whole plant
L5269a 15007
Charcas, hillside
Location or Source
Grindelia oxylepis Greene
Specimen
several whole plants
---
Catalog Number
15675 15127
Botanical Name
Aplopappus spinulosus var. turbinellus (Rydb) Blake
20. Arnica
Spanish Name
Flowers of a citris
For curing wounds; the flowers are placed in alcohol
For wounds
Flowers in alcobol for wound
Use
0
/\)
Medicinal herb
Monterrey bundle of stems with leaves, flowers
15716 15169
unidentified
26. Betonia
Boil in water as substitute for castor oil. Laxative Charcas, rocky slope
pressed plant with stems; leaves, flowers
W921 14905
Porophyllum filiforme Rydb. (S .F. Blake)
25. Benna Dia
Medicinal
Char cas
fruit husk
15568 15057
Cocos nucifera L.
24. Barba de eoco
Leaves used for excited animals For skin eruptions a small leaf is held between the fingers and rubbed on the skin. Also for curing animals, small leaf and beat with water, and apply
W906 14894
Clematis Drummondii (C.V. Morton)
Charcas, enclosed hillside Charcas, enclosed hillside
pressed plant with stem, leaves, flower
W661
Clematis Drumondii T. and G. (AFW?)
23. Barba de Chivo
/\)
f-'
bundles of stems with leaves, flowers
15682 15134
W574 15080 L5652b 15104
Borago officinale
Sonchus oleraceus L. (AFW?)
5 names listed: CaesalEinia crista .Condalia obovata Haematoxxlum brasilet.to .!!_. camEechianum H. Boreale
30. Brazfl
bundles of stems with leaves, flowers
15412 15027
Borage officinale
vial of small chips of wood
seedpods
29. Borraja
15702 15154
Guazuma ulmifolia
leaves
Specimen
28. Bolitas Qua sima
15614 15065
Catalog Number
Bougainvillea spectabilis
Botanical Name
27. Bogambilia
Spanish Name
Charcas, enclosed hillside
Monterrey
Fever medicine
Medicinal for gonorrhea
Monterrey Char cas
For cough, boiled with other herbs
Use
Monterrey
Location or Source
1\) 1\)
Leaf placed over a wound
San Diego
W920 14904 15687 15139
15216 14954
Gnaphalium semiamElexicaule LC. (CLL)
fern
unidentified
35. Calampacate
36. Canaguala
37. Candeliya or Candelilla
bundles of stems and pressed plant
bundle of stems with leaves and pressed plant
Charcas
For bladder trouble
Medicinal herb
Squash fruit to eat
Charcas market
Wl006 14923
C. muschata (M.R. Gilmore)
Monterrey
Flowers for soup
Charcas market
W1005 14922
Cucurbita sp. (C.V. Morton)
34. Calabasa
several roots
15700 15152
unidentified
33. Cachan
bundles of whole plants
15704 15156
unidentified
32. Cabesona
Charcas shrub
W550 15128
stachya (Orteg.) Sarg. (CLL)
E~senhardtia ~-
31. Bura Dulce
[\)
w
W587 L5166 W585 14854 15167
Cupressus benthamii Encll. (CLL)
Lippia triphylla (L'Her.) Kuntze (CLL)
43. Cedro
44. Cedron
pressed plant with stem, leaves, flowers
For colic in women, boil in water Charcas
Charcas, near corn field
W764
Allium scaposum Bent h.
42. Cebollita del Campo
Cultivated
Charcas, near corn field
W605
Hordeum wlgare
41. Cebada
Bulb eaten
For washing wounds and boils of animals
Use
Char cas
Charcas, enclosed hillside
W571
Argemone ~ceras Link and Otto (AFW)
40. Cardo Santo
L.
Charcas, protected hillside
W492
Milla biflora Cav. (C. V. Morton)
Char cas
Location or Source
39. Carcoma
bundles of stems with leaves and pressed plant
Specimen
L5416 15031
Catalog Number
unidentified
Botanical Name
38, Capitanejo
Spanish Name
1\)
+
15705 15158
triphylla (1'Her.) Kuntze
unidentified
unidentified
Capsicum frutesL. ·cayenne Group (AFW)
46. Charrsasquill a
47. Chia
48. Chili Perrana, Chili, Chili Cascabel
~
Wl008 14925
W940 14910
bundle of stems with leaves and )!res sed plant
15649 15100
triphylla (1' Her.) Kuntze
bundle of thorny stems with leaves and flowers
bundles of stems with leaves and pressed plant
15418 15033
1ipp~a
1ipp~a
bundle of stems with leaves
15025 14945
1ipp~a
triphylla (1'Her.) Kuntze
45. Cedron de Castilla
Charcas market
Charcas, broken ground
Monterrey
Monterrey
Charcas
Saltillo
For colic
For colic, boiled and taken for colic mixed with fuicle
Boiled and taken as a drink in treating colic
1\)
V1
To give appetite
Char cas
Charcas
Plateau near San Diego
bundles of whole plants few roots and pressed plant dry stems with an occasional root pressed whole plant without root
W5249 14987 153499
15242 14980
W870 14884
unidentified
Tagetes sp.
Psoralea pentophylla L. (C. V. Morton)
52. Cimonillo
53. Cinco Yagay
54. Contra Yerba
Root peeled and eaten for stomach trouble
For flavoring soup
Charcas market
Wl004 14921
Coriandrum sativum (AFW)
Charcas, enclosed hillside
51. Cilantro
pressed root, stem and seeds
W914 14898
Soup and flavoring
Use
unidentified
Charcas market
Location or Source
50. Chilito Pajarito
Specimen
Wl007 14924
Catalog Number
Capsicum frutescens L. Perfection Group (AFW)
Botanical Name
49. Chili verde
Spanish Name
[\) (}\
chips of wood
bundles of stems with leaves
15691 15143
W1089 14938 see 5251 15651 15102
unidentified
unidentified
Adiantum capillus veneris 1.
60. Crespa
61. Cuacia
62. Culantrillo
stems with leaves and flowers
bundles of stems
15250 14988
Physalis ?J2ubescens
Monterrey
Monterrey
Char cas
Char cas
Physalis ?costomall J2Ubescen.
59. Costomate
Charcas
pieces of roots
15654 15106
unidentified
58. Corteza de Mesquite
pieces of bark
W1088 14937
15415 15030
POJ2Ulus sp.
57. Corteza de Alamo Blanco
small rocks in vial
Monterrey
15643b 15094
unidentified
56. Copal Goma
small roots strung toget her
strips of bark
15224 14962
list of 10 names likely -- Psoralea pentaphylla (W870)
55. Contrayerba
Boiled medicinal herb
Medicinal
[\) -.:j
Eat fruit For loose teeth Good for indigestion or empacho, boiled in water Stomach trouble. Boiled in water
Charcas Monterrey Charcas, enclosed hillside
Charcas, enclosed hillside
W942 14912 15665 15117 W649 15138
W939 15138 14909
Picus carica (L) (C11) - -
Quercus sp. ?
I!uddleia scordiodes H.B.K. -(CLL)
Buddleia scordiodes H.B.K. (CLL)
65. Egara
66. Ensino
67. Escobilla
68. Escobillo
pieces of bark
Small, round, green fruit eaten
Orchard near Charcas
W946 14916
unidentified
Monterrey
For retarded period in women. Boiled in water and taken
64. Durazno
roots
Charcas
Use
15664 15116
bundles of stems with leaves
15422 15037
Adiantum capillus veneris L.
Location or Source
PterocarEus ~Eulceusis Rose
Specimen
Catalog Number
Botanical Name
63. Drago
Spanish Name
CP
f\)
15643c 15094 W567
unidentified
Asphodelus fistulosus 1. (C.V. Morton)
72. Estoraque
73. Estrella del norte
W549 14853
Ipomea sp. (AFW) W785
L5434 15049
Ipomoea sp.
unidentified
15434b 15049
l:pomoea sp .
71. Estafiate see also Istafiate
15218 14956
Ipomoea sp.
70. Espanto vaquero
---
15238 14976
Buddleia scardiodes H.B.K.
69, Escobillo salvilla
vial of rocks
flower
bundles of stems with leaves and flowers
a large root
several chunks of root
bundles of stems with leaves and flowers
Charcas, enclosed hillside
West San Diego shrub
Charcas, inhabited area
Charcas
Charcas
Char cas
Char cas
Good for susto and fright
For kidneys and lungs
For kidneys and lungs
Kidney and urinary troubles. Pains in the shoulder
Constipation and bad stomach
f\) 'f)
Charcas
Monterrey
flowers in packets flowers
flowers
15413 15029 L543la L543lb 15046 15636 15087
unidentified
Cirsium undulatum Gray
Centaurea americana Nutt.
79. Flor de Cananita
80. Flor de Cardo Santo
For cough: boiled and drunk Charcas
flowers and leaves
15430 15045
Bougainvillea s12ectabilis
78. Flor de Bougainbilla
Medicinal herb (cough)
flowers
15621 15072
Hibiscus syriacus
77. Flor Altea
With other herbs for cough
Use
Monterrey
seeds
15417 15032 15638 15089
?Arracacia atropurpureus Anethum foeniculum Foeniculum: Conium ---
76. Flor de .Acocotiyo or Acocotillo bigger seeds
seed pod
15626 15077
Monterrey
Location or Source
unidentified
75. Fistola
Specimen leaves
Catalog Number 15619 15070
Eucaluptus sp.
Botanical Name
74. Eucalita
Spanish Name
0
w
15627 15078
15253 14991
Melia azedarach? Pithosporum tobira Syringa vulgaris 1.
unidentified
5 names listed: Acacia Eerlandieri CeEhalanthus salifolium ChiloEsis linearis Forestiera (?) tomentosa ~aris flexnosa
Cordia boisieri (sp?)
Yucca sp.
83. Flor de Lita
84. Flor de Manzanilla
85. Flor de Mimbre
86. Flor de Nacahiula
87. Flor de Palma, or Flor de Palma Chino
15276 15014
15646 15097
15225 see 15661 14963
15425 15040
Sanvitalia ocymoides D.c.
82. Flor de un D.ia
15254 14992
Rosa sp. (!_. centifolia?)
81. Flor de Castilla
flowers
flowers and a few leaves
flowers
flowers
leaves, flowers
bundles of whole plants
flowers
Charcas
Monterrey
Monterrey
Char cas
Charcas
For strong cough
Flowers of cultivated rose (?). Boiled and liquid used for enema
1-'
w
Bouvardia longiflora
89. Flor de San Juan
Charcas, plain shrub
W726 L5298 14871
Larrea tridentata (D C. ) Coville (CLL)
93. Gobernadora
l'ressed, stem (branch) with leaves flowers
Charcas, enclosed hillside
W648 L5141
Mimosa biuncifera Benth. (CLL)
92. Garavatillo
Saltillo
bundles of stems with leaves, flowers
L5024 14944
Sambucus mexicana Presl
91. Flor de Saugua
Monterrey
flowers
Sambucus mexicana Presl
L5629 15080
Char cas
Location or Source
flowers
flowers on stems with some leaves
whole plant
Specimen
L5667 15119
L5421 15036
L5409 15024
Catalog Number
90. Flor sauco
apocinas hypoleaca (?)
~acrosiphonia
Selaginella
Botanical Name
88. Flor de Pefia
Spanish Name
For the stomach: boil and drink
To relieve cough
For cough, used with other herbs
Use
w 1\)
96. Gordolobo
95. Golondrinc>
94. Gobernadora
L5622 15073
Euphorbia
L5256 14994
L5228 14966
Euphorbia sp.
Gnaphalium semiamplexicaule
W639 14859
L5230 14968
Larrea tridentata (DC) Coville
Dichonclr.a. argentea H.B.K.
L566la 15ll3
Larrea tridentata (DC) Coville
bundles of stems with leaves and flowers
Char cas
l:argles, cough
Medicinal herb
Monterrey
bundles of stems with leaves and flowers
Medicinal herb
Char cas
bundles of stems with leaves and flowers
For all kinds of pains in the stomach: boil in water
Market herb. Medicinal
Charcas, enclosed hillside
Charcas
Monterrey
pressed stems with leaves and flowers
bundles of stems with leaves and flowers
bundles of stems with leaves and flowers
w
w
Charcas
seedpods
15223 14961
Guazuma ulmifolia
A
101. Guaccimas
Charcas, transect
Char cas
Charcas, plain shrub
bundles of whole plants and pressed plant
San Diego
W713
15217 14955
mounted root stem, leaves, package of (seeds?)
Monterrey
Location or Source
unidentified
Grami-
W918 14902
bundles of stems with leaves and flowers
Specimen
100. Granjano
Grangene
99.
Family: neae
-
15648 15099
Catalog Number
W607
Grama
98.
identification not practical, possible Eupatorium or Brickellia
Gnaphalium sp.
Botanical Name
Ephedra aspera Eng elm. (AFW?)
Gordo Lobo
97.
::ipanish Name
For urinary troubles. Boiled with other herbs
Urinary system
No use known to informant
Medicinal herb
Use
~
w
Monterrey
bundles of stems with leaves and flowers bundles of whole plants large pieces of woody stem some bark peeled off nuts
bundles of stems with ieaves·and pressed plant
15655 15107
15426 15041 15708 15161
15052
15261 1526lb 14999
1oesilia coccinea Brand
1oeselia coerulea Don
Guaiacum Coulteri Guaiacum Zigafilas Guaiacum guatemalas Palermi etc.
Pithecoctenium echinatum Schl.
unidentiUed
103. Guachichiligo
104. Guayacan
105. Gueso de Marnell
106. Hinojo
Charcas
Charcas
Charcas
Charcas
bundles of stems with leaves and flowers
15220 14958
1oesilia coccinea Brand
102. Guachichile
To cause sweat in bathing. Used with other herbs.
Good for curling hair: grind and beat with vigor and rub in the hair
w
V1
bundles of stems with leaves and pressed plant leaves
bundles of stems with leaves and flowers bundles of stems with leaves and flowers
L5408 15023
L5641 15092
L5244 14982
L5674 15126
List of 3 names: CaesalEinia ~stemma DC. Cassia covesii Gray Flourensia cernua -DC.
Flourensia cernua --DC.
Flourensia cernua --DC.
108. Rojas de Sen
109. Rojase
stems and leaves
bundle of stems, leaves
Specimen
L5684 15138
15099
---
Catalog Number
Jusla,ns sp •
Botanical Name
107. Rojas de Nogal
Spanish Name
Char cas
Char cas
Monterrey
Location and Source
To increase or give strengh to the blood
Medicinal
To cause sweat in bathing. Used with other herbs
Use
0\
w
15643d 15094 Wl087 14936 15694 15146
15681 15133
15670b 15122
unidentified
Aristolochia anguisida Aristolochia foelida
Anethum graveolens
unidentified
unidentified
111. Incienso
112. Indio
113. Ineldo
114. Inj erto de Mesquite or Grijente de Mesquite
115. Ipasote de Comer
(sp??)
W915 15190 14899
Acacia farnesiana (1.) Willd. (C11)
110. Huisache
bundle of whole plants without roots and pressed plant
stems and leaves
bundle of stems with leaves and seeds
pieces of root
little rocks in vial
Monterrey
Monterrey
Charcas, enclosed hillside
Medicinal herb
The mature fruit contains ink which can be used for writing
lJJ -..:]
Parosela caudata Rydb. (C11)
120. Javonsillo or Jaronsillo
W565
15713 15166
unidentified
119. Jasmin
flowers Charcas, enclosed hillside
Char cas
bundles of stems
15215 14953
EEhedra as:2era Eng elm.
bundles of stems with leaves and flowers
15673 15125
Artemisia
118. Itamo Rial
Char cas
bundles of whole plants
15243 14981
Artemisia mexicana Willd.
117. Istafiate
Charcas
bundles of stems and flowers
15259 14997
Cheno:2odium sp.
116. Ipasote Sarrillo
Location or Source
Specimen
Spanish Name Catalog Number
Botanical Name
Bladder trouble. Boiled with other herbs
Toasted, powdered, and given to babies mixed with breast milk
For chills after getting wet. Boil and drink.
Use
(X)
w
Charcas, in water
Charcas
pressed plant with stem, leaves and flowers bundles of whole plants
W705 14869
15240 14978
Rumex mexicanus Meisn. (AFW?)
Dyssodia pentachaeta (De.) Robinson
125. Lengua de Vaca
126. Limoncillo
For washing as with soap: the root is used for washing clothes, dishes and one's self
W832
Plain below Mt. Aguila
Agave ~er~lexans (Trelease)
124. Leihuguilla Mans a
Medicinal herb
Charcas
stems (branches) with leaves
15428 15043
Litsea pringlei Bartlett
123. Laurel
For constipation
For constipation
Charcas
bundles of stems with leaves and flowers (seeds)
15235 14973
Plantago major L.
122. Lanten
For bath to cause sweat and fried in grease and applied to wounds
Char cas
bundles of stems with leaves and a few flowers
15263 15001
unidentified
121. Judica?
w \D
Zinnia pumila Gray
129. Manzanilla del campo
130. Manzanilla castilla
W675
unidentified
128. Malva
Monterrey
bundle of stems with leaves, flowers and pressed plant
15672 15124
Charcas
Char cas
Location or Source
Charcas
bundles of whole plants
bundles of stems with leaves, flowers and pressed plant
bundle of stems with ieaves, flowers
Specimen
W733
15270 15008
15569 15058
L5668 15120
---
Catalog Number
Solanum rostratum
Botanical Name
127. Mala Mujer
Spanish Name
Medicinal herb
Boiled in water, used in washing wounds
Use
0
+='"
Char cas
Monterrey
pressed stems with leaves, flowers bundles of stems with leaves, flowers bundles of stems with leaves, flowers
W897 14886
W862 14877
15245 14983
15690 15142
unidentified shrub
:E'arthenium incanum H.B.K.
Parthenium incanum H.B.K.
133. Mariola
pressed stems with leaves, flowers Charcas plain
Charcas, enclosed hillside
Saltillo market
unidentified
bundle of dry stems with the remains of leaves, flowers
15027 14947
Charcas market
132. Manzanilla Loco
bundles of stems with leaves, flowers
15252 14990
unidentified
131. Manzanilla
Bitters-, for stomach trouble
Colic
Boiled and taken
~
I-'
W655 14863 15144
Prosopis chilensis (Mol.) Stuntz (AFW?)
137. Mesquite
bundles of whole plants without roots
15659 15111
unidentified
136. Menta
Charcas
bundles of stems with leaves and pressed
15236 14974
un:i;dentif;ied
W902 14891
Marrubium vulgare L.
135. Mejorana
Charcas, enclosed hillside
pressed whole plant
W536
Charcas, enclosed hillside
Charcas inhabited area
Monterrey
Marrubium vulgare L. (AFW)
bundles of stems with leaves and flowers
L5696b 15148
---
Marrubium vulgare L.
Location or Source
134. Marrubio
Specimen
Catalog Number
Botanical Name
Spanish Name
For constipation and to give appetite
For rheumatism, for sleep, for fright. For fright place the plant under mattress.
"For frights"
Use
+="' 1\)
W673 14865 W949 14919
W696
Salvia chamaedryoidecav.(AFW?)
unidentified
unidentified
142. Mirto
143. Misto
144. Misto del Campo
unident.ified
L5612 15063
Salvia ---
141. Mirto de Castilla
145. Moctezuma or Montezuma
bundles of stems with leaves and flowers
W537 L5056 14852
unidentified
L5234 14972
Rheumatism
For "bilis". Charcas mountain bank or arroya Char cas
For "bilis".
Charcas, mountain base
pressed stem with leaves, flower
bundles of stems with leaves, flowers and pressed plant
For "bilis". Boiled in water
Charcas lowland
pressed whole plant
For biliousness boil in water and drink Medicinal herb, colic
Charcas, inhabited area Monterrey
bundles of stems with leaves
140. Mirto del Campo
L5262 15000
unidentified
flowers, a few leaves
139. Mirta Raja
L5616 15067
unidentified
138. Mimbre
-+="" w
Medicinal herb
Medicinal herb
Plateau near Mt. Aguila Charcas
Monterrey
Monterrey
stems, leaves and pressed plant stems with leaves and flowers and pressed plant bundles of stems with leaves and flowers
W820 15419 15034
15662 15114 L5662b
15699 15151
unidentified
unidentified
Eupatorium subintegrum (Greene) Robinson?
148. Mostosa Loca
149. Muicle
150. Mula
Medicinal herb
Boiled and liquid useci to bathe children when they are feverish
Char cas
bundles of stems with leaves and flowers
15275 15013
Funastrum heterophyllum (Engelm.) Standl.
For cough. Used with other herbs
147. Moradillo
bOBS
Monterrey
flowers with a few leaves
15637
-
MaJ,vaviscus spp.
146. Monasillo
Use
Botanical Name
Location or Source
Spanish Name
Specimen
Catalog Number
+="" +=""
Monterrey
Monterrey
pieces of bark and pressed leaves
leaves on stems (branches) bark and pressed leaves whole plant several whole nuts
leaves, stems and seeds
L5707 15160
L5707 15160 L5707c
15146 L5645 15096
L5634 15085
Juglans sp.
Anethum sraveolens L.
Myristica sp.
list of Hyptis alb ida ~um majorum Origanum vulgare Paliomintha longiflora Calamintha potosina
153. Neldo
154. Nues Mosquiada or Moscada
155. Oregano or Salvia
Juglans sp.
152. Nogal
Char cas
L5233 14971
bundles of stems with leaves
Eupatorium subintegrum (Greene)
151. (de la) Mula
Medicinal
Medicinal bark
Treatment of rheumatism
-J::"" V1
For internal tumors For reducing inflamation
Monterrey
Charcas
Charcas, imported from Tula, Tamaulipas Monterrey
bundle of stems with leaves and flowers and pressed bundles of stems with leaves and a few flowers sticks of woody stem pieces of woody stern
15718 15171
15278 15016
15414 15029 15624 15075
unidentified
159. Ortiga unidentified ( ?Orteguilla)
Family Gramineae Tribe Bambuseae
Family Gramineae Tribe Bambuseae
158. Orteguilla
160. Otate
Medicine
Monterrey
bundles of stems with leaves and flowers
15640 15091
Market herb
To give appetite
Dichondra argentea Willd.
Charcas
157. Orejuela Raton
bundles of stems with leaves and flowers
Use
15272 15010
Location or Source
Dichondra argentea Willd.
Specimen
156. Orejeu1a de Raton
Catalog Number
Botanical 'Name
Spanish Name
+:0\
large open seedpod with many seeds bundles of stems with leaves and flowers a:nd pressed plant
15280 15018 15241 14979
W904 14892
unidentified
Dyssodia setifolia (Lag.) Robinson
Dyssodia setifolia (Lag.) Robinson (S.F. Blake)
164. Palomas de la Punsada
165. Parralena
pressed whole plant
bundle of stems with large leaves
15692 15144
unidentified
163. Palo Santo
pieces of woody stem
E:lsenhardtia polystachya
162. Palo Azul
W707
15611 15062
unidentified
161. "Palmar"
For constipation
For cough -- in water Charcas, enclosed hillside
Medicine (leaves crushed, smell like sasafras)
Medicinal wood
"Palmar" association tree= palma used by natives for wood
Char cas
Monterrey
Monterrey
Charcas, dominant tree in Yucca mesquite bush
_p--..J
unidentified
unidentified
Tillandsia recurvata L. (AF~
Cassia bauhinioides --Gray
167. (del) Pasmo
168. Pasmo
169. Pastle de Mesquite
170. Pata de Res L5424 15039
W738
L5685 15137
L5264 15002
W506
W609
Gyssodia setifolia (sic) (Lag.) Robinson (AFW?)
Tillandsia recurvata L. (AF~
Catalog Number
Botanical Name
166. Paschtle
Spanish Name
bundles of stems with leaves, flowers and seed pods
·bundle of stems with leaves and pressed plant
bundles of stems with leaves and pressed plant
Specimen
Char cas
Charcas on mesquite
Monterrey
Charcas
Charcas, on mesquite
Charcas plateau open field
Location or Source
Mild laxative for small children
Medicinal herb
Fried in grease and applied to bowel region for ch:l,lls and gas pains
Good for stomachache
Use
_J:-
co
W917 14901
W869 15161 14883
15227 14965 15671 1567lb 15123 15009
Chenopodium ambrosioides 1-:(C. V. Morton)
Mentezelia hispida Willd. (C.V. Morton)
Mentezelia hispida Willd (?)
unidentified
173. Pazote de Comer
174. Pega Ropa
175. Perejil
W787 15361 15345 14873
Cassia banhinioides Gray (AFW?)
172. Pata de Ves
15644b 15095
unidentified
171. Pata de v-aca
Medicinal herb. Powdered Char cas Monterrey
roots bundle of stems with leaves and pressed
For the heart
For urine trouble
Plateau near San Diego
pressed branch with leaves, flowers
For a pain. Boiled in water
For stomachache and "bilis". Boil in water and drink
Medicinal herb
San Diego, Charcas
Plateau west of San Diego
Monterrey
pressed whole plant without root
pressed with stem, leaves, pods, flowers
bundle of stems with leaves, flowers and pressed
-!="" \0
W784 L5355
Lycium Schaffner! Gray (AFW?)
181. Pico Pajaro
West of San Diego shrub
Char cas
L5219 14957 2 boxes
Perezia nana Gray
180. Pichichagua
whole plant in bundle
Charcas, enclosed hillside
W645
Charcas
Bidens sp. (AFW?)
whole plant leaves, flowers, stems, roots
179. Picaro
L5226 14964
Urinary system. Rat poison (when boiled)
For chest troubles. Boiled and mixed with other· herbs.
For constipation
Charcas
Perezia runcinata Lag.
bundles of stems with leaves and flowers
L5237 14975
Eupatorium sp.
Stomach trouble Powdered in water.
Use
Charcas, enclosed hillside
Charcas, enclosed hillside
Location or Source
178. Piania
pressed stems with leaves
W938 14908
Eupatorium sp. (AFW?)
Specimen
177. Peston
W552
Catalog Number
unidentified
Botanical Name
176. Perritos de Huerto
Spanish Name
0
VI
chips of wood large pieces of bark
15251 14989 15711 15164
Picrasma excelsa? Pecrasinn excelsa (sp?)
Chinchana succumbra Coutarea latiflora Coutarea pterosperma
186. Quassia (Quassia Amara)
187. Quina (Copalquin?)
bundles of whole plants without roots
unidentified
185. 15566 15055
bundles of stems with leaves flowers and pressed
15562 15051
Pol~o de M.enta (Poleo)
bundle of stems with leaves and pressed plant
15676 15128
unidentified
184. Poleo de Castilla (Poleo)
bundle of stems with leaves
15693 15145
Schinus molle 1
183. Pirul
W700
Rhus microEh~lla Engelm. (AFW?)
182. Pico de Pajaro
Medicine
Medicinal
Charcas
Medicinal herb
Monterrey
Monterrey
San Diego small shrub
t--'
\Jl
Saltillo market
bundle of branches with leaves and pressed
a fe¥T leaves, some pressed
W551 L5023 14961
L5281 15019
unidentified
.unidentified
Rosmarinus officinalis
191. Romerillo
192. Romero
L.?
Charcas inhabited area
W678 L5328 14867
Parosela canescens (Mart and Gal) Rose
190. Ramon
pressed branch with leaves
several roots
Charcas
Charcas bank of arroya
L5635 15086
unidentified
189. Rais de Lip ana
chunks of roots
L5709 15162
Smilax cordifolia --
Location or Source
188. Rais de China
Specimen
Catalog Number
Botanical Name
Spanish Name
Burned in houses to chase out snakes and obnoxious insects
Stomachaches
For regulating the stomach
Use
1\)
V1
Monterrey
bundles of stems with leaves, flowers and pressed plant
?fruits
15277 15277b 15715 5715b 15015 15168
15082
unidentified
?Anredera scandens Moge
195. Ruda
196. Sacasil
baselloi es HBK
?Boussin~aultia
Charcas, enclosed hillside
W563
Gutierrezia sarothrae (Pursh_)_ Britt. and Brown (AFW?)
194. Rosita
Monterrey
flowers
15630 15081
Rosa sp. (!. centifolia?)
Monterrey
bundle of stems with leaves flowers and pressed stems and leaves
193. Rosa de Castilla
15695c 15147
Headache -To let the air out of the head
Medicinal herb
Medicinal herb
w
Vl
Charcas, near cultivated land Charcas, protected hillside Charcas, enclosed hillside
W583
W490
W572 15688 15140 L5688b
Panicum obtusum H.B.K. (A. S. Hitchcock)
Sitanion (Nutt.) J.G. Smith (A.S. Hitchcock)
Sporobolus Wrightii Munro (AFW?)
unidentified
200. Sacate Masarca
201. Sacate Sevaidilla
202. Sacaton
203. Salvia
Monterrey
Charcas mountain side
W592
Lycurus phleoides H.B.K. (A. S. Hitchcock)
199. Sacate Cola Sorra
bundle of stems with leaves and flowers and pressed plant
Charcas, near cornfield
W588
Cenchrus pauciflorus Benth. (A.S. Hitchcock)
198. Sacate Cochinillo
Location or Source Plateau west of Char cas
Specimen
W508
Catalog Number
Hilaria cenchroidesH.B.K. (A.S. Hitchcock)
tiotanical Name
197. Sacate Chino
Spanish Name
Good for nourrishing babies when mother cannot nurse. Boil in water and milk. Also for gas pain? Boil and drink.
Use
+
Vl
Monterrey
bundles of whole plants
pressed, stem with leaves, flowers pressed, whole plant
15698 15150
W598 14855
W650 15152 14862
Chr;tsactinia mexicana Gray
Chr;tsactinia mexicana Gray
Menodora coulteri Gray
Charcas, enclosed hillside
Charcas, mountain top
Charcas
bundles of stems with leaves and flowers
15260 14988
Charcas plain
Charcas, San Diego
Chr:J::sactinia mexicana Gray
pressed branches with leaves, flowers
Char cas
206. San Nicolas
W863 14878
W919 14903
Not recognized at U.S. National Museum
bundles of stems with leaves and pressed
Not recognized at U.S. National Museum
15222 14960
unidentified
205. Sangre de Grado
204. Sanaparicio
For women having babies. Taken with other herbs.
Chills (of women) when exposed, Taken as tea.
For fevers
\.n \.n
15427 15042 15427 15042 15697 15149
unidentified
unidentified
208. Santa Isabel
mounted pressed whole plant
W948 14918
Brassica Eruca L. Eruca sativa -------
211. Saramago
no specimen
W651
210. Saramado
15613 15064
unidentified
unidentified
209. Santaura
L5613b
bundle of stems with leaves pressed, whole plant
Charcas, near field of corn
Charcas, enclosed hillside
Monterrey
Monterrey
A weed in corn fields
Medicinal herb
Medicinal herb
Medicinal herb
Charcas
stems with leaves pressed, whole plant, no root
Use Sweat bath and to prevent going to sleep after eating
Location or Source
bundles of Charcas whole plants without roots pressed, whole plant
Specimen
bundle of stems with leaves, flowers pressed
15697 15149
15266 15004 L5266b
---
Catalog Number
unidentified
Botanical Name
207. San Rafael
Spanish Name
\J1 0'\
Ricinus communis L.
LeucoEh~llum
213. Semillas Higeron
214. Seniso
217. Tatalencho
Charcas bundles of stems with leaves, flowers
Selloa glutinosa Spreng
L5232 14970
Char cas
pieces of root
15026
AscleEias setosa Benth.
Monterrey
roots
L5642 15093
216. Tarumara or Tarumarra
Monterrey
Asclepias setosa Bent h.
Buddleia scordioides
215. Suelda
bundles of stems with leaves, flowers
L5644a 15095 L5644b
bundles of Charcas stems with leaves and flowers; pressed specimen bundle of Monterrey branches with leaves flowers; pressed specimen
L5265 15003
Monterrey
beans
pieces of bark
L5633 15084
L5714 15167
L5660 15112
unidentified
laevigatum Standl.
unidentified
212. Sarsafras (Sasafras?)
Rheumatism
Medicinal herb
Medicinal herb
Medicinal herb
Laxative (castor oil bean)
-..:J
\.11
15565 15054
L5571 15060
unidentified
Chaptalia seemanii Hemsl.
unidentified
220. Te de Olor
221. Telempalcate
222. Tianguis L5704b 15156
bundles of stems with leaves, flowers
15213 14951
Wedeliella glabra (Choisy) Cockerell
219. Te de la Hormiga
bundles of stems with leaves, flowers
whole plants
bundles of stems with leaves; pressed specimen
mounted pressed whole plant without flower
Specimen
W945 14915
Catalog Number
Bidens aurea (AitJ Sherrf ---zs:-F. Blake)
Botanical Name
218. Te de Goral
Spanish Name
Charcas
Purge: Boil in water.
Kidney and bladder trouble: Boil with other herbs.
Char cas
Charcas
Purge: Boil in water. Function like castor oil. One plant enough for one dose. Very effective laxative.
Use
Charcas, cornfield
Location or Source
\.11 CXl
Physalis sordida Fern.
unidentified
227. Tomate de Campo
228. Tornillo
Nicotiana trigonophylla-Dunal
unidentified
W578
Nicotiana trigonophylla-Dunal
225. Tobaco Loco
226. Toluache
W502 14851
Acacia filicioides--
224. Timbre or Timbe
W950 14920
W802 14875
W665
W1010 14927
15273 15011
15666 15118
unidentified
223, Tlachichinola or Tlanchichinole
no specimen
pressed, stem with leaves and part of flower
no specimen
no specimen
pressed, stem with leaves, flowers
no specimen
Charcas, mountain base
Char cas
Venado, edge of road
Charcas, old wall side of barranca
Charcas, edge of barranca
Charcas market
stems with Monterrey leaves, flowers, also pressed stems, leaves, flowers
Stomach trouble
For excited animals: Leaves are used as with barba de chivo
Not for smoking
Pulque: to ferment
Medicine
\0
Vl
Eye trouble of goats or donkeys: Place 1, 2, or 3 seeds in eyes.
Charcas, enclosed hillside Charcas, enclosed hillside
peeled roots no specimen mounted stem with leaves, berries
15214 14952 W570
Avena fatua
Parietaria pennsylvanica
Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav.
232. Tripa de Judas
233, Trompillo
Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav. (C.V. Morton)
W905 14893
Char cas
no specimen
W510
y:;:--- - - -
231. Trigillo L0co
---
To coagulate milk
Monterrey bundles of whole plants without roots and a pressed specimen
L5652a 15103
unidentified
230. T0ronj il
Charcas, roadside, inhabited area
Medicinal herb
Lung (chest) trouble: Seeds are ground and drunk in water
mounted, stem with seedpods and whole plant
W944 14914
unidentified
229. Torito
Charcas, broken ground
bundle of stems with leaves
L5628 15079
Use
unidentified
Location or Source
Specimen
Botanical Name
Catalog Number
Spanish Name
0'\ 0
236. Ventosidad
15623 15074
unidentified
collected specimen, root, leaves bundles of stems with leaves mounted stems with leaves, flowers
W613 14856
15258 14996 W922 14906
Nama palmeri Gray
Nama undulatum H.B.K.
Nama undulatum H.B.K. (C. V. Morton)
bundles of stems with leaves, flowers
15683 15135
bundle of stems with leaves, flowers; pressed specimen
pressed, stem with leaves, seeds
branches with lea:ves, berries
Nama hispidum Gray
15623b
W638 14858
Plantago major 1.
235. Venado (1anten)
15695a 15695c 15147
unidentified
234. Tullidora
Charcas, field
Char cas
Charcas, edge ·of cultivated field
Monterrey
Monterrey market
Charcas
Monterrey
Cold: smell.
Relief from gas pains.
Catarro: smell it (inhale)
Stomach trouble
Fertility: Good for women who wish to have babies: Boil in water and drink.
0'\ 1-'
Monterrey
Charcas Charcas, enclosed hillside Charcas, plateau near San Diego
pieces of root no specimen mounted stem with leaves
pieces of root
Wl086 14935 W562 W896 14885
L5274 15012
Castela texana
Hoffmanseggia densiflora Benth.
not recognized at U.S. National Museum
unidentified
240. Visvirinda
241. Wisachito
242. Yerba Blanca
243. Yerba Blanco
Location or Source
stems with flowers and leaves
bundles of whole plants without roots
Specimen
L5615 15066
L5221 14959
Catalog Number
Viola sp.
?Guazuma sp. ?Anazuma ulmifolia
Botanical Name
239. Violeta
238. Verguensa (see Yerba de la Verguensa)
237. Verbena (ocea de Lagayina)
Spanish Name
Very poisonous
Sores on back of horse: roots used. Leaves used for some kind of horse medicine, for bruises?
Cough: Boiled with other herbs
Use
{]'\ 1\)
246. Yerba del Cancer
245. Yerba del Buen Dia
244. Yerba Buena
mounted, stems with leaves
bundles of Charcas whole plants without roots
W866 14880 15229 14967
Sida procumbens Sw.
Acalypha lindheimeri Muell. Arg.
Charcas, plain
Monterrey
bundles of stems with leaves and flowers
15669 15121
Sida procumbens Sw.
Monterrey
Charcas
Charcas
bundles of stems with leaves and flowers, also, pressed
bundles of stems with leaves, few flowers, also, pressed
bundles of stems with leaves and ·flowers
15271 15009
15678 15130
unidentified
Sida procumbens Sw.
15564 15053
unidentified
Medicinal herb
Kidney trouble
Boils
Digestion: Good for children.
Good for women who have children and wish to congregate them. Colic: Boil in water and drink.
(}\
w
Susto: Boil in water
Piles. :5oiLi:n water and drink
Charcas, enclosed hillside
Charcas, plateau near San Diego
Charcas, enclosed hillside
bundle of stems bundles of whole plants few roots pressed stems, leaves, flowers pressed stems, leaves, flowers no specimen bundles of stems with leaves, flowers
15268 15006
W695 14868
W868 14882
W654 15211 14949
unidentified
Croton corymbulosus Engelm.
unidentified
unidentified
unidentified
248. Yerba del Conejo (ocea de la amorana)
249. Yerba del Gato
Medicinal herb
15703 15155
Monterrey
Pedilanthus pavanis
bundles of stems with leaves and flowers
247. Yerba Candelilla
U~e
15653 14967
Location or Source
Acalypha hederaceae Torr.
Specimen
Catalog Number
Botanical Name
Spanish Name
0\ +:"
251. Yerba de la Hormiga
250. Yerba del Golpe
15686 15138
15658 15ll0
Gaura sinuata Nutt.
Wedeliella glabra (Choisy) Cockerell
15279 15017
Gaura coccinea Nutt.
W640 14860
W653
Gaura coccinea Pursh
Acalypha phleoides Cav.
W901 14890
15657 15109
Gaura coccinea Pursh
unidentified
bundles of stems with leaves flowers
pressed stems with leaves and flowers
bundles of stems with leaves, seeds
bundles of stems with leaves, flowers
no specimen
mounted, stems with leaves, flowers
bundles of whole plants
Monterrey
Charcas, enclosed hillside
Monterrey
Charcas
Charcas, enclosed hillside
Charcas, enclosed hillside
Kidney trouble
Wounds and bruises: Boil in water and wash
Bruises: leaves placed over bruised area
0'\ Vl
pressed stem, leaves, berries bundles of stems with leaves, berries bundles of stems with leaves and some root no specimen
W643 14861
15432 15047
15698 15141
W768
Solanum Eterocaulon Dun.
Solanum Eterocaulon Dun.
Solanum Eterocaulon Dun.
SEhaeralcea hastatula
254. Yerba del Negrito
no specimen
W913 14897
Solanum Eterocaulon (Solanum nigrum)
no specimen
Specimen
253. Yerba Mora
W541
---
Catalog Number
unidentified
Botanical Name
252. Yerba Jarrito
Spanish Name
Charcas, west of San Diego
Medicinal herb
Medicinal herb Charcas
Monterrey
Inflammation of the skin: Use ripe (black) fruit.
Espanto (fright): Grind leaf and take juice of unripe fruit (?) Eruption of the blood: Rub the little pustule with the ripe fruit.
Use
Charcas, enclosed hillside
Charcas, enclosed hillside
Charcas, inhabited area
Location or Source
0'\ 0'\
257. Yerba del Pajarito
256. Yerba Nis or Santa Maria or Operion
255. Yerba del Negro
(Yerba Negri to)
W642 W815
unidentified
15267 15005
Tagetes florida Sweet
unidentified
15670 15122
Tagetes florida Sweet
SEhaeralcea hastuW861 lata Gray 14876 Not typical (Kearney)
1566lb 15113
no specimen
no specimen
bundles of stems with leaves, flowers
bundles of stems with leaves, flowers
mounted, pressed, stem with leaves, flowers
bundles of whole plants without roots
no specimen
Sphaeralcea angusti- W589 folia var. cuspidata Gray
Sphaeralcea angustifolia (Cav.) Don
no specimen
W557
SEhaeralcea an~stifolia (Cav.) Don.
Aquila Mt. or Aguila?
Charcas, enclosed hillside
Char cas
Monterrey
Charcas, plain
Charcas, near cultivated land
Charcas, enclosed hillside
Sweat bath. Breakfast tea, boiled in water.
Medicinal herb
0\ -;J
bundles of stems with l_eaves, flowers
L5246 14984
PoroEh~llum
262. Yerba del Venado
fili-
unidentified
261. Yerba del Tori to
Rydb.
mounted stems with leaves, flowers
W916 14900
Drymaria gracilis C. and S. (C.V. Morton)
260. Yerba del Tomor
forme
bundles of stems with leaves and burrs
15706 15159
unidentified
no specimen
bundles of whole plants
15429 15044
Eryngium Wrightii Gray
W737
pressed stem with leaves and flowers
W923 14907
Eryngium Wrightii Gray
259. Yerba del Sapo
-
Specimen pressed branch with leaves, flowers
Cassia Wislizeni -Gray
258. Yerba del Pinacate
Catalog Number W728 15439 14872
Botanical Name
Spanish Name
Charcas
Bank of arroyo near water Charcas?
Charcas, San Diego
Monterrey
Charcas
Charcas, arroyo near San Diego
Charcas, plain shrub
Location or Source
Constipation
Tumor or swelling on hand or foot: Boil in water.
Medicinal herb
Cough. Urine trouble
Cough: Boil in water
Use
(J'\
())
Calophanes linearis Gray (Dl::schoriste linear is)
Dyschoriste decumbens (Gray) Kuntze
Chenopodium sp.
Muhlenbergia monticola. Buckl. (A.S. Hitchcock)
265. Yerba Vivora
266. Yerba de la Vivora
267. Yerba Zorillo
268. Zacate 1iso W618
15663 15ll5
15239 14977
15680 15132
15625 15076
W559
Schrankia potosina (Britt. and Rose) Standley
unidentified
W899 14888
Schrankia potosina (Britt. and Rose) Standley
264. Yerba de la Virgen
263. Yerba de la Verguensa
no specimen
bundles of stems and flowers
bundles of whole plants
bundles of whole plants
bundle of stems with leaves, flowers also pressed
no specimen
no specimen
Charcas, edge of cornfield
Monterrey
Charcas
Monterrey
Monterrey
Charcas, enclosed hillside
Charcas, enclosed hillside
Medicinal herb
Constipation: Boil in water and drink
Snakebite
Medicinal herb
"plant of shame"
"plant of shame"
0\ \.()
270. Zarzafras
269. Zarsaparilla
Spanish Name
Monterrey
pieces of bark
L5710 15163
?Elaphrin pubescens Schl.?
Lack of blood: used with others.
Monterrey
bundles of roots
L5712 15165
Krameria pauciflora DC.
Bad teeth
Charcas
roots, leaves
L5570 15059
Krameria pauciflora DC.
Use Blood, to purify and increase. Infected gums: used to clean.
bundles of roots
L5231 14969
Krameria pauciflora DC.
Location or Source Charcas
Specimen
Catalog Number
Botanica'l Name
0
--.:]
APPENDIX C The Leslie A. White Collection Albuquerque, 1941
In 1941 Leslie A. White, then a member of the faculty of the Department of Anthropology at the University of Michigan, purchased samples of dried medicinal herbs from B. Ruppe's drugstore in Albuquerque, New Mexico.
These herbs were given to the Ethnobotanical
Laboratory at the University of Michigan.
The 23 items listed on
the following pages apparently represent the druggist's entire inventory at the time of purchase.
No information on usage was col-
lected and several specimen are unidentifiable.
Also, little is
known ab~ut the clientele or sources of the herbs.
However, it is
important to note that this store was a source of medicinal herbs in 1941 in the Albuquerque area.
71
72
Spanish Name
Botanical Name
Specimen
1.
Artemisia Yerba
Artemisia sp.
stems and leaves
2.
Cafta Agria
~
Torr.
sliced segments of roots
hymenosepalus
3.
Cai'ia Fistula
Cassia sp.
seed pods
4.
Canutillo
Ephedra sp.
stems
5.
Cascara Nogal
Juglans sp.
bark
6.
Chia
Salvia sp.
seeds
7.
Contra Yerba
sliced segments of roots
8.
Estafiate
Kallstroemia californica (S. Wats.) Vail 1 var. brachystylis (Vail) Kearney & Peebles Artemisia sp.
9.
Flor Asar
Citrus sp.
flowers
10. Flor de jamica
unidentified
dark flowers
11. Hineldo
Anethum graveolens L. dill
seeds
12. Oregano Mexi-
unidentified
stems and leaves
13. Palo Brazil
Caesalpinia sp.
chips of wood
14. Palo Mulato
unidentified
bark
15. Pasmo
unidentified
stems and leaves
16. Pasote
Chenopodium ambrosiodes L.
leaves
17. Peonias
unidentified
roots
18. Quassia
Quassia
19. Yerba Anise
unidentified
stems and leaves
20. Yerba Cancer
unidentified
stems
21. Yerba Goberna:dora
Larrea tridentata
stems and leaves
stems and leaves
cano
~
L.?
wood chips
73
Spanish Name
Botanical Name
Specimen
22. Yerba Golondrina
Euphorbia sp.?
stems and leaves
23. Yerba Gordolobo
unidentified
stems and flowers
APPENDIX D Juarez, Chihuahua, Market Collection, 1965 Karen C. and Richard I. Ford In May, 1965, the Fords purchased herbs at the Mercado Cuauhtemoc for comparison with plants they were encountering in their work with Pueblo Indians in northern New Mexico.
Samples
of 38 herbs were purchased from the only herb vendor in this market--a man of 66 years who had been in the market since the late 1930's. and other
His entire inventory consisted of over 150 herbs
~edicinal
items, including patent medicines.
This man
obtained his herbs by collecting them himself as well as through He had considerable knowledge
purchases from other collectors.
of usages which were recorded for many of the items purchased. While a systematic study was not undertaken either with this collection or the Jones Collection (Appendix A) and the purposes for collecting the herbs were not the same, it is interesting to note the similarity of items available despite a gap of 33 years. The herbs are listed on the following pages and are deposited in the Ethnobotanical Laboratory at the University of Michigan.
Unfortunately, many items were in unidentifiable
condil:ion.
75
Ocimum Basilicum L. (sweet basil)
Albaca
Alfilerillo
Altamisa
Babiza or Manzo
Caballo
Cachana
Calco meca
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
root bark root stems stems and leaves stems and leaves
5323 5324 5325 5326 5327 5328
unidentified
unidentified
Rumex hymenosepalus Torr.
Ephedra sp.
Leucophyllum sp.?
unidentified
Cafia Agua or Ca:i'ia Agria
Canutillo
10. Cenizo
11. Collate
stems
leaves, stems, and roots
flowers, leaves, and stems
whole plant
leaves and stems
Specimen
5322
5320
5319
5318
5317
Catalog Number
Equisetum sp.
Anemopsis californica (Nutt.) Hook. and Arn.
Chrxsanthemum parthenium ?
Erodium sp.
Botanical Name
Spanish Name
Tea for stomachache
Tea for stomach
To clean teeth
Tea
For woman after childbirth
Good for kidneys
For sores
Use
-..J 0\
5334 5335
Larrea tridentata (D~ Coville
Antheum graveolens L. [dill]
Malva sp.?
Matricaria sp.?
Origanum sp. ? [marjoram]
unidentified
Ligusticum Porteri Coult. and Rose
Chenopodium sp.
unidentified
14. Hediondilla Governadora
15. Hinojo
16. Malva
17. Manzanilla
18. Mej or ana
19. Orozuz
20. Osha or Chuchupate
21. Pazote Comer
22. Pazote de Sorillo
For stomach
wood chips
Cook with beans Tea
leaves and stems leaves and stems
5340
root
Cooking herb
Boil in water for tea for babies
For stomach
For a tea
For stomach
For stomach
leaves
flowers, leaves and stems
crumbled leaves and stems
stems, umbells, and seeds
leaves and stems
leaves and stems
bark
5339
5338
5337
5336
5333
5332
5330
Artemisia sp.
13. Estafiate
5329
Hintonia sp.?
12. Copalquin
--.j --.j
root leaves and stems leaves and stems leaves and stems stems
5344
5347 5348 5321 5349 5350 5351
unidentified
Cymbopogon sp.
Thymus sp. [thyme]
Cedronella mexicana Benth.
unidentified
Verbena sp.?
Mentha spicata 1.
unidentified
unidentified
26. Sabino Macho
27. Te
28. Tomilla
2 9. Toronj i l
30. Valeriana
31. Verbena
32. Yerba Buena
33. Yerba Cancer
34. Yerba Colorado
leaves and stems
5343
Ruta sp.?
5346
5345 leaves and stems
leaves
leaves and stems
leaves and stems
leaves and stems
25. Ruda
5342
Rosmarinus officinalis 1.
leaves and stems
Specimen
24. Rosemary
5341
Catalog Number
unidentified
Botanical Name
23. Poleo
Spanish Name
Tea with milk and sugar
For sores
For headache: put herb water on head
For heart?
Cook with beans
Take as sedative
Use
OJ
--.:)
5352 5353 5354 5355
unidentified
unidentified
unidentified
unidentified
35. Yerba del Lobo
36. Yerba de la Negrita
37. Yerba del Sapo
38. Yerba de la Vivora
or Chacota or Calderona
leaves and stems
stems and burrs
flowers, leaves, and stems
flowers, leaves, and stems
Boil in water, take for chills
For sores and cuts
Take for cough
.....;]
\.0
APPENDIX E Herb Collection Theodore Roybal's Store, Santa Fe, New Mexico The Roybal's store was founded in 1917 by Theodore Roybal and was housed for many years at the rear of 212, 214, 216 Galisteo Street in Santa Fe, New Mexico. In 1966 the store was owned and operated by a middle-aged couple, Hugo and Gloria Roybal Crowder at the above adress. As a "general" store it carried many items found in any grocery store: canned goods, packaged items, fresh meat, dairy products, and so on. In addition there were for sale knives and some camping equipment, household goods, cooking utensils, and specialty items such as taco molds and tortilla presses. A small yarn shop was housed separately. The store's inventory emphasized what the proprietors called "native goods" and "Mexican foods." The former included popular local foods such as chicos (boiled and sun-driod corn), red and green chile (fresh in season and dried), beans, blue cornmeal, white cornmeal, sprouted wheat flour, sun-dried apples, pinyon nuts, pozole (hominy), tortillas, and fresh greens such as quelites (lamb's quarters) and verdolagas (purslane). The "Mexican foods" included several types of chile peppers, black beans, chocolate, mole paste, piloncillo (raw sugar in cone form), and queso de tuna (prickly pear cactus candy). Despite an extensive inventory of the· above items, this store was perhaps most 'intriguing for its large collection of dried medicinal and cooking herbs displayed in small bins and neatly packaged and labeled in .Spanish. To my knowledge no other store in northern New Mexico carried the number or variety of herbs available at this store. The herbs were arranged in alphabetical order and a list giving Spanish names and in some cases common English names for each herb was available to any customer. A number of non-plant items, such as piedra alumbre (alum stone), used medicinally were included. Mrs. Crowder handled most of the incoming herbs and had some knowledge of usages but deferred to a Hispano employee when uncertain about a usage. Some of the herbs were stored in the basement prior to packaging and displaying for sale. Prices paid for herbs brought in locally varied with supply and demand, and herbs that did not sell were dropped from the inventory. Several different sources were used for the procurement of the herbs. About half (65-70) were obtained locally. The proprietors themselves collected a few items, including hediondilla, oregano, and ruda, while an osha plant and several
81
82 different mints were grown in a small garden behing the store. Most of the locally available herbs, however, were purchased from individuals who brought them in to sell. The suppliers were typically elderly Hispano men and women. Certain ones came several times each year with different seasonal herbs; others came once each summer and still others even less Only one woman delivered the herbs bagged and frequently. In some cases individuals travelled labeled according to use. considerable distances to bring herbs; suppliers came from at least as far away as Truchas and Vallecitos, New Mexico, the latter being more than fifty miles from Santa Fe. A few In the 1950's and herbs were sold to the store by Indians. 1960's Cochiti and Santo Domingo Indians supplied punche Occasionally younger people, (tobacco) which they had raised. sometimes Anglos, supplied herbs. During the mid-1960's a young Anglo was a regular supplier of a number of herbs. On one occasion he earned about $10.00 for barbasco, pague, romerillo, and alum stone which he brought in. He also tried to sell some cafia agria, of which the store already had an abundant supply,and another herb which the store did not carry. He, as well as the other suppliers, did not indicate the source of his supply, and each collected his herbs independently. Items not available locally were ordered from Mexico (42 altogether, including quasia, te de sena, cafia fistula, and camino) or California (e.g. an1s, alhucema, cascara de sagrada, asahar de naranjo), with one or two items being purchased from Texas or Colorado. A number of items were so popular that local supply often did not meet the demand, and the store ordered these items as necessary: inmortal, osha, romero, cachana, yerba de golpe, cardo santo, yerba de manso. A spice company in Texas supplied sassafras and a chemical company in Denver It is interesting to note supplied piedralipe (copper sulfate). the great distance travelled by a few of the items. The coral beads (important anti-evil eye charms) came from Italy; the very popular manzanilla was imported from Hungary via Mexico; and the non-local type of sangre de venado came from Malaysia via Mexico. The clientele of the store was varied and included Hispanos, Indians, local Anglos, and tourists. Hispanos predominated and purchased the most herbs. Most lived, or had lived, in.Santa Fe, though some came a considerable distance. The approximate area of utilization is bounded by the Taos area on the north, Las Vegas on the east, Jemez on the west, and Albuquerque on Osha was the most popular item in the store. The the south. Indians, less popular items were discontinued as supplies aged. especially from the nearby Rio Grande pueblos, were frequent customers, but purchased only a few items, particularly osha, .chimaja, malvas, cilantro, and manzanilla. Anglos and tourists bought seasoning herbs, but, in a town with many tourist attractions, it is unlikely that very many tourists fo:und their way
83 to the store. Finally, mention should be made of the prices charged for the herbs. A small package containing a handful of an herb was generally priced under one dollar, but prices varied with supply and demand and a few items were priced much higher. Customers and other informants considered the prices somewhat high but for certain purchasers and for many of the items there was no alternative. By 1969 the Crowders had sold the store and the building is now used for another business. A former employee of the Crowders continues (as of June 1974) to sell herbs in a smaller shop next door at 220 Galisteo Street. In June 1971 Mr. Lujan's "Tienda de la Salud" had a thriving business in herbs in addition to a few other foodstuffs and cooking utensils. He retains the herb display cases of the old Roybal's Store and claims to sell more now than they ever did before. Still popular are alhucema, manzanilla, and osha and he mentioned that tilia, incienso, sassafras and mate were selling well. Perhaps the highlight of his tenure occurred recently when (in his words) a "hippie" from New York bought $76 worth of herbs at one time. Roybal's store may be gone, but the herb business continues to flourish on Galisteo Street in Santa Fe. On the following charts are medicinal herb data collected by the author in 1966 in the Santa Fe and Espanola areas of New Mexico. With the exception of a very few items from published sources, only information obtained with reference to this collection is included. For further information on specific plants see the Glossary (Appendix F). It should be noted that mimeographed herb lists provided by the store were used to compile the charts. Some of the items listed were not available to me at the store but were obtained for study from the Museum of Navaho Ceremonial Art. A very few items listed were not available at all. Furthermore, several items sold by the store were and are apparently not in common use in northern New Mexico although they may be known to literate medicas through published sources. Finally, the condition of many herbs precluded positive identification. For those that were identifiable, the Latin names are derived from the books in the bibliography. Here is a brief description of the informants used for this study. 1 = a middle-aged Hispano woman who had gathered medicinal data from relatives and friends, including several medicas, in the Santa Fe area. 2 = a middle-aged woman living near Espanola, who, though born in Mexico, has many local contacts. 3 = an elderly Hispano woman living near Espanola who has considerable first-hand knowledge of herbs and medicinal
84 practices in the area. 4 = a middle-aged Hispano woman, one of the proprietors of the store, who handled the purchasing of the herbs at the store. 4a = a middle-aged Hispano man who was an employee of the store in 1966. He w~s an herb dealer himself by 1969.
5 = a middle-aged Tewa man who has many Hispano contacts in the Espanola area. (The information obtained from No. 3 is the most extensive.)
Purchased locally
Alegrfa
6.
Stems with leaves and seeds
Purchased from Mexico
White powder
5239
unidentified [zinc sulfate?]
Alcaparrosa
5. 5240
Purchased locally or from Mexico
White powder
5238
[white talc]
Albayalde
4.
Amaranthus cruentus L.
Purchased locally or from Mexico
Leaves
no specimen
Basilicum L. [sweet basil]
Purchased from Mexico
Purchased from Mexico
Source
~
Dried root
Specimen (part sold)
Albahaca; Alvacar
3.
no specimen
Catalog Number
Seeds
Ajonjoli
2.
Zingiber officinale Roscoe [ginger]
Botanical Name [English Name]
Sesamum orientale L. no [sesame] specimen
Aj enjibre
1.
Spanish Name
Heart trouble: grind with Azahar de Naranjo, Anfs, cinnamon, Remolino, and deer's blood;· add to wine and drink (3) .
Asthma (4)
Stomachache: add to coffee or water and drink (3). Charm: for good luck (1).
Cooking: an ingredient of mole sauce (1).
Stomachache: add to coffee or water and drink (3). Fever: add to water for foot bath (1).
Use
0\
CX>
not a plant [alum stone]
Artemisia franserioides Greene
* Asterisk refers to notes on page
12. -Alumbre, Piedre
Altamisa de la Sierra ?
lumps of stone
no specimen
Stems with leaves, flowers
Pieces resembling rocks
Flowers
Stems with leaves, flowers
Seeds
no specimen
5241 Chrysanthemum parthenium (1.) Bernh.?
5356
no specimen
*11. Altamisa
Lavandu1a Spica Cav. [lavender]
Alhucema
9.
,no specimen
unidentified
Erodium cicutarium L'Her.[storksbill]
Alfilerillo
8.
no specimen
10. Alquitran
Medicago sativa L. [alfalfa seeds]
Alfalfa, Semil1a de
7.
Purchased locally
Purchased locally
Purchased locally
Purchased locally
Purchased from California
Purchased locally
Purchased locally
burn (3)
Teeth: grind into powder and use in a rinse to tighten teeth (1). Burns: apply to affected area (1).
Stomachache: chew leaves or drink decoction (3)
Stomachache: drink decoction (3). Colds: drink decoction (3).
Incense:
Stomach gas (babies): give decoction to drink (1). Coughs: drink decoction (1).
Urinary disorders: drink decoction (1)
Stomach pains (1)
co ~
Seeds
Seed pods
5242
no specimen
no specimen
Verbesina encelioides (Cav.) Benth.
Pimpinella anisum L. [anise]
Illicium verum [star ani~
Ailil del Muerto
An'f.s
An'f.s Estrella
15.
16.
17.
Stems, leaves, flowers
?
no specimen
unidentified
Root
Specimen (part sold)
Amolillo
14.
Catalog Number no specimen
Botanical Name [English Name]
Yucca sp.
Amole
13.
Spanish Name
Nerves and sleeplessness: drink decoction (1). Baking: use as An'f.s
Purchased from Mexico
(1).
Colds: drink decoction to cause sweating and to break a cold (3). Baking: an ingredient in sweet rolls and Biscochitos (3). Heart trouble: see Alegr'f.a.
Flatulence: drink decoction. (Marquez, 1964)
(1).
Ulcers: boil flower in water and drink (3)
Not on latest list (6/66)
Cleansing: soap for washing hair and woolen clothing and blankets.
Use
Purchased from California
Purchased locally
Purchased locally
Source
~
Azafran
Azahar de Naranjo
Azucaroan; Piedra Azucar
Azufre
18.
19.
20.
21.
not a plant [sulphur]
not a plant [rock candy]
Citrus sp. [orange flowers]
Carthamu~ tinctorius 1. [American saffron]
no specimen
no specimen
no specimen
no specimen
Yellow powder
Candy that looks like pebbles
Flowers
Flowers
Purchased from Mexico or locally
?
Purchased from California or Mexico
Purchased locally
candy
apply powder Suppositories: mix together with finely ground Punche, Manzanilla, Osha, Romerillo,
(3).
Soils:
(1).
Coughs: take as syrup mixed with molasses
Food:
Heart trouble: see Alegria. Nerves: take tea to aid sleep (1) (2) .
(3).
Most ailments: grind, drink in warm water
(3).
Food coloring and spice: use in meatballs, chicken, soups, and bread pudding (1)
(3).
Measles: give tea to babies "to help them break out" (1) (3). Fever: drink decoction (1) (3). Dye: for wool, yellow
OJ \0
5243
no specimen
5244
Croton texensis (Kl.) Muell. Arg.
unidentified
Borago officinalis L.
Bar basco
Babiza
Borraja
24.
25.
no specimen
23.
Zea mays [corn]
Catalog Number
Barba de Maiz
Botanical Name [English Name]
22.
Spanish Name
Leaves, flowers, stems
?
Leaves, flowers
Corn silk
Specimen (part sold)
Rheumatism: grind dry leaves, mix with honey and rub on swollen areas (3) Recently discontinued (6/66). Note: Babiza is an alternative name for Yerba Manza. Stomach ailments: drink tea (1). Bites or infections: apply with pork fat as poultice (1). Fever: drink tea (1) (2). Eye ailments: use strained tea as
Formerly purchased from Mexico Purchased locally
Urinary disorder: take as tea for diuretic (1). Witchcraft: witches use (3).
Yerba Buena, Piloncillo, tar soap, and honey and roll into small cigar shapes (3). Most ailments: drink mixed with water (3).
Use
Purchased locally
Purchased locally
Source
0
\0
Whole plant, except root (not sold)
Root, smooth
Root, nubby
?
Pieces of wood
Given by a woman from Truchas, New Mexico
Purchased locally
Purchased from Mexico
Formerly purchased from Mexico
Purchased from Mexico
Charm: carry burned piece to protect against evil eye (1). Headache: burn and inhale (3) (1). Nosebleed: burn and inhale (1). Tonsilitis: grind and blow into tonsils to dry them up (1).
(3)
Charm: carry an unburned piece for protection from witches
Recently discontinued (6/66)
Heart trouble: add to wine and drink (3)
drink
~ ~
--------------------------- ---------------------------
Liatris sp.
5357
liatris sp?
Flor de Cachana
5323
unidentified
Cachana
*28.
no specimen
unidentified
Buena Senora
27.
Caesalpinia echinata 5245
Brazil
26.
eyewash (1). Sleeplessness: tea (1).
Cucurbita sp. [squash, pumpkin]
Cucurbita foetidissima H.B.K. [wild gourd]
Cal
Calabaza, Semilla de
Calabazilla
Cafia Agria
Cafiafistula
Canela en Raja
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
5249
~
Cinnamomum zeylaniBreyn [stick cinnamon]
5358
5248
h~enoseEalus
5247
no
no specimen
5246
no specimen
Catalog Number
Cassia fistula L.
Rumex Torr.
not a plant [lime]
unidentified
Cahania; Cafiahuela; Cafiuela
30.
Xanthium sp.
Cadillos
Botanical Name [English Name]
29.
Spanish Name
Purchased locally
Purchased from Mexico
Purchased locally
Purchased locally
Purchased locally
Source
Pieces of bark
Seed pods
Purchased from Mexico
Purchased from Mexico
Sliced pieces Purchased locally of root
Chunks of root
Seeds
?
Stems, leaves
Stems with burrs and leaves
Specimen (part sold)
eat roasted (3)
Colds: drink as tea to cause sweating (1) Stomachache: add ground cinnamon and
(1)
Teeth: use as mouthwash to tighten teeth
Very poisonous (3)
Food:
Cooking: use to make posole (3). Insecticide: put on plants {3).
Use
1\)
\D
Prunus sp. [chokecherry]
Quercus sp. [oak]
Cascara de Capul{n
Cascara de Encino
Cascara de granada
Cascara de Nogal
Cascara Sagrada
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
Leaves
Stems with flowers
no specimen
no specimen
5251
Small pieces of bark
Pieces of bark
Pieces of peel
Pieces of bark
no Pieces of specimen ·bark
5359
5250
Rhamnus californica 5252 Esch. [California buckthorn]
Juglans sp. [walnut]
Punica Granatum L. [pomegranite]
unidentified
Carda Santo
*38.
Ephedra sp.
Canutillo; Popotillo
37.
Purchased from California
Purchased from California
Scraped off unsold pomegranites at end of season
Purchased locally
Purchased locally
Purchased locally or from Mexico
Purchased locally
Laxative: tea (1)
drink as
Mouthwash (1)
Sores, especially in mouth: apply (1)
Urinary disorders and venereal disease: dr.ink as tea (1) . Stomach disorders: drink as tea (3).
sugar to coffee or water and drink (3). Heart trouble: see Alegd.a. Canning: e.g. for preserved pears as flavoring (3) •
w
\0
Chimja
49.
Cymopterus purpureus no S. Wats. specimen
Leaves and stems
5255
unidentified
Chan
48.
Stems with leaves
5367 5308
? Atriplex sp.
Chamiza, Yerba de; see also Yerba de Chamizo
*47.
Leaves
Foreign particle in eye: place seed in eye to help remove particle (1) Popular with Indians as well as SpanishAmericans (4). Stomachache: chew leaves (3). Food: raw roots; use leaves to flavor beans or peas (3). Purchased locally
Recently discontinued (6/66)
Use
Purchased locally
Purchased locally
Purchased locally
Leaves
Artemisia tridentata 5254 Nutt.
Chamizo Gediondo
46.
Purchased from Mexico
Source
Leaves
5253
? Leucophyllum sp.
Cenizo
45.
Piece of root
5300
unidentified possiblY Swertia radiata (Kellogg) Kuntze
Specimen (part sold)
Catalog Number
Cebadilla; Sebadilla
Botanical Name [English Name]
44.
Spanish Name
'g.
Cuminum odorum [cumin]
Kallstroemia cali- 5256 fornica (Wats.) Vail var. brachystylis (Vail) Kearney and Peebles
Hintonia sp. Coutarea sp.
Camino
Contrayerba
Copalquin
Cor ales
53.
54.
55.
56.
not a plant [red-orange sea coral]
Eguisetum sp.
Cola de Caballo
52.
no specimen
no specimen
no specimen
no specimen
Caryo£hyllus ~- no ticus [whole cloves] specimen
Clava Entero
no specimen
51.
Coriandrum sativum
1. [coriander]
Cilantro; Culantro
50.
Small cut beads
pieces of bark
Peeled roots
Seeds
Stems
Dried flower buds
Seeds
Purchased from Italy
Purchased from Mexico
Purchased locally
Purchased from Mexico
Purchased locally
Purchased from Mexico
Purchased locally
Evil eye charm: babies .wear bracelets of coral beads to protect
Tic: grind, sift, and rub externally on affected areas (3)
Cooking: flavoring, add to red chile sauce (3)
Cooking and baking: flavoring spice (5). Toothache: hold in mouth (5).
Cooking: use fresh leaves in soup; seeds in tamales and carne adovado (3).
(1).
Popular with Indians as well as SpanishAmericans (4). Sedative: drink tea
\J1
\.0
Stems, flowers
no specimen
Gutierrezia Sarothrae (Pursh) Britt. and Rusby
Escoba de la V'ivora; Yerba de la Vl:vora; Collalle
62.
Stems with leaves and flowers
5259
unidentified
Damiana
61.
Stems with leaves and flowers
no specimen
Thelesperma sp.
Cot a
60.
Pieces of stem
unidentified
Costomate
59.
?
Fine powder
Specimen (part sold)
5258
no specimen
unidentified no specimen available
Coronillo
58.
Catalog Number
5257
Botanical Name [English Name]
not a plant [powdered sea coral]
Coral Prepar do
57.
Spanish Name
Purchased locally
Purchased locally
Purchased locally
Purchased from Mexico
?
Purchased from Mexico
Source
drink as
Rheumatism: mix with Yerba de Caballo (not in this collection; ? Senecio sp.) and water to make a bath (3). Menstrual cramping and diarrhea, especially after childbirth:
Beverage: tea
Soon to be discontinued (6/66); doesn't sell
Not on latest list (6/66), perhaps discontinued
Heart trouble: mix with deer's blood, gold leaf, and wine; drink as needed (1)
against evil eye (3)
Use
{]\
\0
no specimen
5262
Larrea tridentata (DC.) Coville [creosote bush]
Foeniculum vulgare [fennel]
unidentified possibly from En.celia farinosa
Asclepias capricornu 5264 Woodson
Hediondilla Governadora
Hinojo
Hojase
Incienso
Inmortal
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
5360
5263 unidentified possibly Flourensia cernua DC. [Hoja sen]
5261
unidentified [?.pine gum]
Goma de Trementina
64.
5260
Artemisia sp.
Estafiate; Ajenjo
63.
Collected by store keepers in southern New Mexico
Purchased locally
Purchased locally
Large pieces of root
Small pebblelike lumps
Leaves
Purchased from Mexico
Purchased from Mexico
Stems with Purchased umbells, locally seeds, leaves
Stems with leaves
Lumps of various size
Stems with leaves, flowers
burn (3)
~
(3).
Cuts: grind and apply (4). Nosebleed: grind and
Incense:
Cooking herb
Swelling and rheumatism: grind and wrap with cloth around affected area (3)
Stomachache: drink as tea (3). Menstrual cramping and diarrhea: see Escoba de la V1vora.
take as tea with Yerba Buena and Estafiate. (Marquez, 1964)
Stems with leaves and flowers
Stems with leaves and flowers
5265 5266
no specimen
Malva sp.
Matricaria sp. [Chamomile]
Malvas
Manzanilla
73.
74.
[hops]
? Humulus Lupulus
Lupulo
72.
Flowers
Seeds
no specimen
Linum sp. [flax]
Linaza
Leaves
71.
no specimen
Specimen (part sold)
unidentified possibly Litsea sp.
Catalog Number
Laurel, Rojas de
Botanical Name [English Name]
70.
Spanish Name
Popular with Indians as we;; as SpanishAmericans (4). Stomachache: drink as tea (3). Colds: drink as tea Purchased from Mexico, imported from Hungary
Beverage for babies:
(3).
Popular with Indians as well as SpanishAmericans (4). Hemorrhaging (gynecological): drink as tea with raisins added (3).
Ulcers (4). Wave set for hair (4).
Head cold: grind and place on nose with salt to cause sneezing (3). Internal bruises: drink as tea (3).
Use
Purchased locally
Purchased from Mexico
Purchased from Mexico
Purchased from California
different species)
Source
o:>
\.0
? Leaves, probably
Stems with leaves
no specimen
no specimen
5270
Marrubium vulgare [horehound]
no specimen available; probably Myristica sp. [mace]
no specimen available; probably Origanum sp. [sweet marjoram]
unidentified possibly Mentha arvensis
Mastranzo; Mostranzo
Maza
Mejorana
Menta
78.
79.
80.
81.
5361
5269
Artemisia sp.
Mariola
77.
?
Stems with leaves and flowers
Stems with leaves and flowers
Large pieces of root
5268
? Mirabilis multiflora (Torr.) Gray [wild 4 o'clock]
Maravilla, Raiz de
76.
Flowers
5267
unidentified
Maravilla, Flor de
75.
Cooking herb
Purchased from Mexico
Purchased locally
Recently discontinued (6/66)
Boils and other external infections: boil in water and apply (3)
(3)
Rheumatism: grind root into powder and rub on affected areas
Purchased from Mexico
Purchased locally
Purchased locally
Purchased locally
Purchased locally
give sweetened tea (3) Suppositories: see Azufre.
\!) \!)
M;yristica sp. [nutmeg]
Nuez Entera Moscada
87.
no specimen
no specimen
[walnut leaves]
? Juglans sp.
Nogal, Rojas de
86. Whole nutmegs
Leaves
Berries
no specimen
? Juniperus sp.
Nebrina
85.
Leaves, flowers, and seeds
5271
Nepeta sp. [catnip]
Nebada
84.
Seeds
no specimen Leaves
Citrus sp. [orange leaves]
Naranjo, Rojas de
83.
Specimen (part sold)
Catalog Number
no specimen
Brassica sp. [mustard seed]
Mostaza, Semilla de
Botanical Name [English Name]
82.
Spanish Name
Purchased from Mexico
Purchased from California
Purchased from Mexico
Purchased from California or Mexico
Purchased from Mexico
Source
Stomach ailments: powder and add to coffee and drink \5). Headache: grind and place on head (3). Paralysis, one side of face: apply plaster of honey, Punche, cinnamon, and nutmeg; also, dab on cotton and place in ear (3).
For cats
Stomachache: place seeds in cold water and drink (3)
Use
I-' 0 0
Oro Volador
Osha
91.
Oreja de Raton
*89.
90.
Oregano
88.
Ligusticum Porteri Coult. and Rose
not a plant [gold leaf]
unidentified
5274
no specimen
5273c
5273b
5273a;
Monarda menthaefolia 5272 Graham [horsemint]
Large pieces of root
Small pieces of gold leaf
Stem with leaves Stems with leaves and flowers Stems with leaves and flowers
Stems with leaves and flowers
Purchased locally or from Mexico
Purchased from an art shop
Purchased locally
Purchased locally or gathered by storekeepers drink as tea
Stomach ailments: che chew root (3). Snakes (charm): carry a piece to keep them away (3). Suppositories: see Azufre
(3).
Most popular item in collection with both Indians and SpanishAmericans (4). Cuts: grind and apply
(4)
Heart trouble: mix with deer's blood and drink as needed
Cooking herb (3).
(3).
Coughs:
f-' 0 f-'
Flowers and leaves
Leaves and stems
5277
no specimen
no specimen available
Chenopodium ambrosi- 5278 oides L.
unidentified 5279 possibly Petroselinum crispum [parsley] 5280
unidentified
Palo Mediono
Parraco
Pazote; Epazote
Perejil
Pescado, Raiz de
94.
95.
96.
*97.
98.
unidentified
Chips of wood
5276
unidentified
Palo Amargo; Palo Crozuz; Palo Amarillo
93.
Small pieces of root
?
Stems and leaves
Stems with leaves and flowers
5275
unidentified probably Dyssodia papposa (Vent.) Hitchc.
Pague
~ ;,peclmen (part sold)
92.
~ • L.ar:a.Log Number
Botanical Name [English Name]
Spanish Name
Cooking herb
Purchased in winter from Mexico Purchased from Mexico
Stomachache: chew dried leaves (3). Cooking: add to beans for flavor (3).
Recently discontinued (6/66)
Does not appear on either list prepared by the store
Diarrhea: boil flowers in water and drink (3). Stomachache: take as tea (1).
Use
Purchased locally
?
?
Purchased from Mexico
Purchased locally
;,ource
o
1--' 1\)
White peppercorns
Roots
no specimen
5282
Piper nigrum L •' [black pepper]
unidentified
Achillea lanulosa Nutt.
100. Pimienta Enter a
101. Pionilla
102. Plumaj illo
103. Pol ell ito Chino
Stems, leaves Purchased from Mexico and flowers
5286 5287
unidentified
Nicotiana rustica [tobacco]
106. Prodigiosa
107. Punche
Purchased locally from
Purchased locally
Stems
5285a; 5285b; 5250
Ephedra sp.
105. Popotillo; Canutillo
Leaves
See Canutillo
Purchased locally
Stems and leaves
5362
Hedeoma nanum Torr.
104. Poleo
Earache: roll leaves with Ruda to form a
drink as tea Fever: (3)
Purchased locally
Stems, leaves and flowers
5284
unidentified possibly Hedeoma oblongifolia
Stomach ailments: drink as tea (1) (3)
Coughs: take with warm water (3) . Stomachache: take with warm water (3). Cooking: use for seasoning (3).
Stems and leaves Purchased locally
Pruchased from Mexico
Purchased from Mexico or from a spice company in Texas
Purchased from Agriculture: use to a chemical com- treat wheat seed and pany in Colorado corn seed before planting (3)
5283
Lumps of blue minaral
5281
Piedralipe; Piedra Azul
not a plant [copper sulfate]
99.
1-' 0
w
unidentified
Helenium Hoo12esii Gray
unidentified possibly Heracleum lana tum
111. Raiz del Lobo; Yerba del Lobo
112. Raiz del Oso; Yerba del Oso
L.
110. Raiz del Indio
~
Cheno12odium sp. [lamb's quarters]
? Quassia
Botanical Name [English Name]
*109. Quelites
108. Quasia; Cuasia
Spanish Name
5363
5291
5290
Chunks of root
Roots
Pieces of root
Leaves
Wood chips
5288 5289
Specimen (part sold)
Catalog Number
Purchased locally or from Mexico
Purchased locally or from Mexico (the latter may be a different species)
Use
Food: cook with chile, onion, and bacon (3)
cigar; light and blow smoke into ear (3). Tick in ear: boil, dab on cotton, place in ear; tick will come out (3). Suppositories: see Azufre.
Internal bruises: grind and drink with water (3). Constipation: grind, mix with brandy or whiskey and drink. (Van der Eerden, 1948)
Purchased locally or from Mexico
Purchased locally
Purchased from Mexico
Keres an Indians
Source
+
!-' 0
not a plant [resin-like deposit from bees]
Rosmarinus officinalis L. [rosemary]
Artemisia ?filifolia Torr.
Rosa sp. [wild rose]
unidentified
115. Romero
116. Romerillo
ll7. Rosa de Castilla
llS. Rosatilla; Rositilla
no specimen available unidentified
*ll4. Remolino
ll3. Raiz de Sangre; see Yerba de Sangre
5293
no specimen
5292
no specimen
no specimen
no specimen
Stems, leaves
Flowers
Stems with leaves and flowers
Leaves
Removed from store list because it is hard to obtain. Demand always far greater than the supply. Heart trouble: see Alegria.
?
Purchased locally (yellow) or from Mexico (pink)
Purchased locally
Not on most recent list (6/66)
Fever: drink as tea (3) . Sore throats and fever blisters: hold in mouth (3).
Stomach ailments: grind into powder, boil and drink (3). Suppositories: see Azufre.
Purchased from Colds: boil in water Mexico or local- and drink (3). ly on occasion Post-partal hemorrhage: use with heated bricks to fumigate. (Marquez, 1964)
Small pebbles Purchased and resin locally from bees
0
I-' VI
Purchased from Mexico
Leaves Leaves
Dried flakes of blood or a substance resembling blood
5294 5295
no specimen
unidentified
unidentified possibly Salvia sp. or Hyptis sp.
not a plant [deer's blood or dragon's blood]
121. Sagui; Sagu
122. Salvia
*123. Sangre de Venado
Purchased locally or from Mexico which imports it from Malaysia
Purchased from Mexico
Purchased locally
Branch portion with needles
Purchased locally; gathered by the storekeepers locally; or purchased from Mexico
Source
Juniperus communis 5365 L. or Juniperus sibirica Burgsd. [dwarf juniper]
Leaves
Specimen (part sold)
120. Sabino Macho
5364
Catalog Number
Ruta sp.
Botanical Name [English Name]
ll9. Ruda
Spanish Name
Heart trouble: grind with Alegria, Azahar, Anfs, cinnamon, Remolino; add wine and drink (3).
(4).
Popular and expensive. Heart trouble: add with gold leaf to wine and drink as needed
Urinary disorders: drink tea made from needles (3)
Earache: roll leaves with punche to form cigar; light and blow smoke into ear (3)
Use
1-' 0 0'
unidentified
unidentified possibly Rubus sp.
Sassafras sp.
Sambucus mexicana Presl
125. Santa Rita
126. Sarza; Zarza
127. Sasafras
128. Sauco, Flor
Tamarindus indica L.
unidentified possibly Cassia sp. [Senna leaves]
not a plant [crude sodium bicarbonate]
130. Tamarindo
131. Te de Sena
132. Tequesquite
129. Sebadilla see Cebadilla
unidentified
124. Sanguinaria
5301
no specimen
no specimen
5299
no specimen
5298
5297
5296
Purchased from Mexico
Purchased from Mexico or a spice company in Texas
Purchased from Mexico
?
Purchased from Mexico or locally on occasion
Lumps of rock
Leaves
Purchased locally
Purchased from Mexico
Dried fruit-- Purchased from bean pods Mexico
Flowers with seeds
Bark of roots
Flower petals
Stems, leaves, flowers
Stems and roots with a few leaves
boil and
Baking: e.g. in puchas (a type of cookie) (3)
Laxative: drink (3)
Tonic: good for blood; drink as tea (1)
Not on most recent list (6/66). Discontinued?
1-'
Q
Stomach ailments: drink as tea (3) Stomachache: drink as tea (3). Suppositories: see Azufre.
Purchased from Mexico or locally Purchased from Mexico or locally Purchased locally or from Mexico when necessary
Stems, leaves and flowers Stems with a few leaves, flowers Leaves
5304 5305
nq specimen
no specimen
unidentified
? Nama sp.
Verbena sp.
Mentha spicata L.
137. Tronadora
138. Ventosidad
139. Verbena
140. Yerba Buena
Purchased from Mexico or locally on occasion Purchased from Mexico
Stems, leaves, flowers (a few) Stems and some seeds
?
Doesn't. sell; soon to be discontinued (6/66)
5303
unidentified
?
Recently discontinued (6/66)
136. Tranze
no specimen
Purchased from Mexico
no specimen available unidentified
Use
135. Trabul
Pieces of stem
Purchased from Mexico
Source
? Cedronella mexica- 5302 na Benth.
Leaves
Specimen (part sold)
134. Toronjil
5366
Catalog Number
unidentified possibly Thymus sp. [thyme?]
Botanical Name [English Name]
133. Tornillo
Spanish Name
(]:)
I-' 0
no specimen 5309
Euphorbia sp.
unidentified possibly Gaura sp. or Oenothera sp.
Helenium Hoopesii Gray
Anemopsis californi- 5310 ca (Nutt.) Hook. and Arn.
145. Yerba del Golpe
146. Yerba del Lobo see Raiz del Lobo
147. Yerba del Manzo; Yerba Manza
5308 5367
5307
5306
144. Yerba de la Golondrina
Atriplex sp.
unidentified
142. Yerba Cancer
143. Yerba de Chamizo see also Chamiza, Yerba de
? Grindelia aphanactis Rydb.
141. Yerba del Buey
Stems
Stems with leaves
Leaves and .stems
Stems and leaves
Stems, leaves
Stems, leaves and flowers
Purchased locally or from Mexico on
Purchased locally or from Mexico
Purchased locally or from Mexico
?
Purchased from Mexico
Purchased locally
Diarrhea: drink as tea (1). Boils: use infusion
Not on either list prepared by the store under this name
Menstrual cramping and diarrhea: see Escoba de la Vfvora.
I-' 0
\0
Purchased locally or from Mexico Purchased locally or from Mexico Purchased locally or from Mexico
Leaves
Leaves and flower parts Stems and burrs Stems and flowers
5314 5315a 5315b
? Eriodict:y:on agustifolium Nutt.
unidentified possibly Franseria sp. or Eryngium sp.
153. Yerba Santa
*154. Yerba del Sapo
(Jones, 1932)
Rheumatism: grind and apply externally (3)
Hair rinse (1)
5368
Purchased locally or from Mexico
Use as wash.
Berberis reEens
Stems and leaves
Purchased locally
Purchased from Mexico
occasion
Source
152. Yerba de Sangre
151. Yerba del Oso see Raiz del Oso
unidentified 5313 possibly Tagetes sp.
150. Yerbaniz
Stems with leaves and flowers
5312
SEhaeralcea sp.
149. Yerba de la Negrita
Leaves
Specimen (part sold)
5311
Catalog Number
? Ilex sp.
Botanical Name [English Name]
148. Yerba Mate
Spanish Name
I-' 0
*158. Zuelda de Zuelda
157. Zarzaparilla
no specimen
unidentified Stems and leaves Stems with thorns and leaves
5316b
Stems and roots
Leaves
5316a
unidentified 5369 possibly Smilax sp.; Humulus americanus; or Krameria sp.
156. Zacate Limon; Cymbopogon citratus Te Limon
155. Yerba de la Vivora see Escoba de la Vivora
Purchased from Mexico
Purchased from Mexico
Purchased from Mexico
drink as
Broken bones: use to make casts (1)
Tonic: take as tea, good for blood (1)
Beverage: tea
1-' 1-' 1-'
112
NOTES IDENTIFIED WITH A (*) ON THE CHARTS 11.
Altamisa. The information given by informants was inconsistent. Often this term is used to refer to either of the two different plants noted. The Artemisia grows wild locally while the Chrysanthemum would grow locally only if planted. The latter is similar to Manzanilla. The former resembles Tansy (Tanacetum vulgare) which is confused with it by some individuals and used similarly.
28.
Cachana. Published works consulted do not suggest which plant (or plants) is the source of this very commonly used root. A flower (Flor de Cachana) was identified by V.H. Jones and R.I. Ford as ~ri; sp., but no sample of root accompanied this flower. From the numerous different specimens of Cachana shown to me by informants I can only suggest that there may be more than one plant in northern New Mexico.
38.
Cardo Santo. This name refers to several different plants in northern New Mexico and Mexico, and the uses vary. A positive identification of th~ specimen was not possible, and it is likely that the store may purchase different plants under this name on different occasions.
47.
Chamiza, Chamizo, and Chamisa. Various published sources and various informants seem to confuse these terms. The first two names usually refer to Atriplex except when another word is added, such as Gediondo (#46:). The third name is usually for Chrysothamnus nauseosus (rabbit-brush).
89.
Oreja de~· Positive identification was not possible. The three different samples were not all from the same plant. Different plants were undoubtedly sold to the store on different occasions under the same name.
97.
Perejil. My best informants did not know this term as a name for parsley.
109. Quelites. Several species of Amaranthus are also known by this name, The term is used in much the same way as "greens" is used in certain American (English) dialects. 114. Remolino. The term literally means "whirlwind." This substance is used by San Juan Indians to treat "windstrike" which usually includes among its symptoms partial facial paralysis. This condition is thought to be caused by a whirlwind. 115. Sangre de Venado. The imported type is probably "Dragon's Blood," a substance from a type of palm tree. The locally pur-
113
chased type is apparently actual dried blood from a deer. 154. Yerba del Sapo. Positive identification was not possible. Several different plants are known by this name in the Southwest and in Mexico. Again, different plants are probably purchased by the store at different times under the same name. 158. Zuelda de Zuelda. Two different plants were being sold at the same time under this name. Neither was identifiable.
APPENDIX F A GLOSSARY OF SPANISH-NAMED MEDICINAL PLANTS This glossary brings together a considerable amount of medicinal herb data from many different sources both published and unpublished. It has grown from my interest in Hispano medicinal practices in northern New Mexico. Many plants used by New Mexican Hispanos, as well as by certain Pueblo Indian groups, are widely used in Mexico and in areas of the southwestern United States. Also, a particular Spanish name may apply to several different plants in different geographical areas. Most botanical reference books provide few local Spanish names, and ethnographic'works often are incomplete with respect to either the Spanish name or the botanical identifications. Thus, it seemed appropriate to collate what appeared to be the best published ethnobotanical data, together with several unpublished bodies of data, including my own field notes, principally from the summer of 1966. The data in Appendices A-E are included in the glossary. All of these collections, including my own field collections, are deposited at the Ethnobotanical Laboratory at the University of Michigan. In addition, mention should be made of , the inclusion of information from the unpublished manuscripts by Riley and Trujillo (1956), and Schulman and Smith (1962). All sources used to compile the glossary are included in the bibliography. The supplement includes plants for which a Spanish name was lacking but other information was available in the literature and collections consulted. Informants for data gathered by me are as follows: 1 = a middle-aged Hispano woman who has gathered medicinal data from relatives and friends, including several medicas, in the Santa Fe area. la = an elderly Hispano woman, mother of #1. 2 a middle-aged woman living near Espanola, who, though born in Mexico, has many local contacts. 3 an elderly Hispano woman living near Espanola who has considerable first-hand knowledge of herbs and medicinal practices in the area. She provided the greatest quantity of information. 4 a middle-aged Hispano woman, one of the proprietors of Roybal's Store (see also Appendix E) in Santa Fe during the early 1960s, who handled the purchasing of the herbs at the store. 4a a middle-aged Hispano man who was an employee of Ro~bal's Store in 1966. A knowledgable herb dealer, he had his own store by 1969.
115
ll6 5 6 7
8
a middle-aged Tewa Indian man who has many Hispano contacts in the Espanola area. a late middle-aged mestizo, born in Zacatecas, living in Mexico City in 1966. a middle-aged Tewa woman, married to a Hispano, living with her elderly Tewa grandmother, who was bilingual (Tewa and Spanish) and knowledgeable in local plant lore, Hispanic as well as Tewa. a late middle-aged vendor of herbs at the Juarez Market in 1965.
Kidney troubles and cloudy urine: ,mix with Manzanilla (Malvaviscus) and cornsilk and boil, drink at night Riley and Trujillo, 1956
DurangoDurango
unidentified
Croup
Shulman and Smith, 1962
Eye trouble: (caused in a baby by the approach of an individual who has recently had sexual intercourse) boil with raisins, Sauca (Sambucus mexicana Presl.), and umbilical cords
Aceitilla
4.
New MexicoSpanish
Massage: "it calms the nerves" use with pine pitch. Earache: use with cloves •
Shulman and Smith, 1962
Rheumatic pains: apply to affected area and cover with leaves of wild tobacco and warm cloths
Use
Redfield, 1928 Field, 1953
not a plant -burnt sugar and kerosene
Aceite Quemado
3.
New MexicoSpanish
Shulman and Smith, 1962
Reference
Valley of Mexico-Tepotzlan
not a plant olive oil
Aceite de Olivo
2.
New MexicoSpanish
Location
Bidens leucantha (L.) Willd.
not a plant -linseed oil?
Aceite tin as
Botanical Name
1.
Spanish Name
1-'
~
Pillows: use for stuffing Baskets: weave leaves See Estafiate
Curtin, 1947 Curtin, 1947
New MexicoSpanish
Typha latifolia
Aguapa
Agenjo
7.
8.
Artemisia mexicana Willd.
New MexicoSpanish
Diarrhea: crush seeds of mature fruits and make tea. Aching gums: place crushed seeds between cheek and gums. Goiter: apply poultice. Wounds and inflammation: apply pulp of mature fruit. Pennington, 1963a
ChihuahuaTepehuan
Persea americana ---
Aguacate
6.
L.
Food: boil, drain and fry leaves or add to beans
Pennington, 1963b
ChihuahuaTarahumar
Bidens bigelovii
Acetilla
Kidney troubles: boil fresh or dry leaves and take liquid each night as needed
Riley and Trujillo, 1956
DurangoSan Pedro (across river from La Ferreria)
Kidney trouble: boil dry stems and leaves, leave overnight, drink as needed for next 9 days
Use
unidentified
Riley and Trujillo, 1956
Reference
DurangoLa Ferreria
Location
unidentified
Botanical Name
5.
Spanish Name
CP
I-' I-'
Stomach trouble and fever: apply plaster of ginger and Punche (Nicotiana) to soles of feet overnight Diphtheria: as preventative, wear around neck. Toothache: crush clove of garlic against gum. Earache: place on lamb's wool with salt and place in ear. Flatulence: roast, clean, chew and swallow with cold water.
Van Der Eerden, 1948
Curtin, 1947
San Lu:!s Potos:!-Charcas New MexicoSpanish
New MexicoSpanish
New MexicoSpanish
Pellaea cordata (Cav.) J. Sm.
Zingiber officinale Roscoe
Zingiber officinale Roscoe
Allium sativum L.
11. Ajo
Ford, 1966
Whiting, 1934 Stomachache: add to coffee or water and drink (3). Fever: add to water for foot bath (1).
San Lu:ls Potos:l-Charcas
Oxalis leonia -----Knuth Whiting, 1934
Whiting, 1934
San Lu!s Potos:!-Charcas
Oxalis albicans H.B.K.
Agrito
10. Ajenjibre
9.
Anger sickness: make tea with other "hot" herbs (e.g., anise, cedr~n) if person so afflicted has also eaten mushrooms
Madsen, 1965
Valley of Mexico-Tepepan
Artemisia vulgaris
(Ajenjo)
•
1-' i-' \0
Bruises, aching joints, wounds: apply heated leaves
Owen, 1963
Lundell, 1934
Baja CaliforniaPaipai San Lu!s Potos!Charcas
Populus fremontii Wats.
Populus sp.
Parturition: take decoction to stimulate birth Pennington, 1963b
ChihuahuaTarahumar
Populus tremuloides
14. Alamo
15. Alamo Blanco, Corteza de
Menstrual pains, to stimulate parturition, and/or as tonic after parturition: make tea with bark Pennington, 1963a
Food: an ingredient of mole sauce (1).
High blood pressure: roast and use internally. Asthma: externally. Pus: use to draw out and place in bandage of wound to ward off infection.
Snakebite: apply poultice of fresh nt11shed plant. Charm to rid girl of suitor: place at crossroads.
Use
ChihuahuaTepehuan
Ford, 1966
Shulman and Smith, 1962
New MexicoSpanish
New MexicoSpanish
Reference
Location
Populus tremuloides
L.
Sesamum indicum
Botanical Name
13. Alamillo
12. Ajonjoli
Spanish Name
0
~
Ocimum basilicum L.
18. Albaca; Albahaca
Populus wislizeni Wats.
Populus angustifolia James
~amo de Hoja Redonda
17. Alamo Sauce
16.
Swollen gums or ulcerated tooth: dip cotton in cold water and apply to affected area Fever: tea from flower; tea from bark. Sweat baths: bark used. Menstrual and labor pains: tea. Diarrhea: tea with sugar and nutmeg. Emmenagogue: eat a pinch, drink water. Earache: grind leaves, add oil and place drops in ear. Appetite (to increase): boil and take as tea. Colic: give sweetened tea to babies. Charm: for good luck and to correct wayward husband.
Curtin, 1947
Shulman and Smith, 1962 Curtin, 1947
New MexicoSpanish
New MexicoSpanish New MexicoSpanish
Boils: make poultice of ashes of burned bark, cornmeal and water. Dropsy: take decoction of leaves. Broken bones: simmer bark to make thick syrup to apply as cast. Food: eat young pods of female tree raw.
Curtin, 1947
New MexicoSpanish
I-'
I-' [\)
CoahuilaTorreon
Ocimum basilicum L.
Kelly, 1965
Valley of Redfield, Mexico-Tepotzlan 1928
Ocimum micranthum Willd.
Ford and Ford, 1965
(Albahaca)
ChihuahuaJuarez
Ford, 1966
Ocimum -L.
basilicum
New MexicoSpanish
L.
Ocimum basilicum
Van Der Eerdon, 1948
Shulman and Smith, 1962
New MexicoSpanish
New MexicoSpanish
Reference
Location
Ocimum basilicum --L.
Botanical ·Name
(Albaca)
(Alvacar)
Spanish Name
Stomachache: drink decoction. Eye trouble: bathe face if afflicted with "tissue growth" in the eyes. Cleansing (magical): use as a spray.Gynecological hemorrhaging: take tea (other ingredients also) following miscarriage (spiritualist prescription).
Earache: place small amount in ear
Stomachache: add to coffee or water and drink (3)
Parturition (to hasten): make tea
Stomachache: tea. Aire: grind up with coriander, cinnamon, anise and nuts and rub on face while sweating.
Use
f--'
1\) 1\)
not a plant -white talc
Pisum satium [dried peas]
unidentified [wild peas]
Cleome sp.
Cinnamomum camphora Nees and Eberm. [camphor]
20. Albayalde
21. Alberjon
22. Alberjon de Patito
23. Alcachopa
24. Alcanfor
New MexicoSpanish
ZacatecasZacatecas
New MexicoSpanish
New MexicoSpanish
New MexicoSpanish
New MexicoSpanish
ZacatecasZacatecas
Ocilnum sp.
Prunus Armeniaca L.
Nueva LeonMonterrey
Scutellaria sp.
19. Albaricoque, Hueso de
(Albacar)
Curtin, 1947
Riley and Trujillo, 1956
Shulman and Smith, 1962
Shulman and Smith, 1962
Ford, 1966
Curtin, 1947
Riley and Trujillo, 1956
Lundell, 1934
Rheumatism: rub on joints with whiskey. Headache and faintness: inhale aroma.
Liver ailments caused by overdrinking: boil leaves and stems and take infusion twice daily as needed
Aire, headaches and dizziness
Headache
Dry nose: grind pit of kernel and place in nostrils (especially for babies). Goiter: apply poultice of ground kernel pit
Vomiting: boil stems and leaves; take as needed.
1-' 1\)
w
New MexicoSpanish
New MexicoSpanish New MexicoSpanish
Amaranthus paniculatus L.
Amaranthus cruentus L.
Amaranthus cruentus L.
27. Alegrfa
DurangoEl Torreon (near La Ferreria)
unidentified
26. Alconfor
New MexicoSpanish
Ford, 1966
Shulman and Smith, 1962
Curtin, 1947
Riley and Trujillo, 1956
Ford, 1966
Pennington, 1963a
Shulman and Smith, 1962
New MexicoSpanish ChihuahuaTepehuan
Reference
Location
unidentified white powder ?zinc sulfate
Artemisia mexicana
Botanical Name
25. Alcaparrosa
Spanish Name
Heart trouble: grind with cinnamon, Remolino and deer's blood; add to wine and take periodically (3)
Retardation: boil with pine, give to help retarded child speak
Cosmetic: make facial and apply to protect face from sun. Tuberculosis, heart trouble, jaundice: use to bathe. Heart trouble: boil flowers, strain, sweeten and drink.
Ear trouble: apply wet section of herb to ear
Asthma (4)
Colds: take tea
Wounds: treat infections
Use
f\)
1-'
..,..
New MexicoSpanish
New MexicoSpanish ChihuahuaJuarez
Erodium -cicutarium --L'Her.
Erodium cicutarium L'Her.
Erodium cicutarium L'Her.
31. Alfilerillo
New MexicoSpanish
San Lu:!s Potos:!-Charcas
Medicago sativa L.
Melilotus alba Desr.
New MexicoSpanish
Medicago sativa L.
30. Alfalfon
New MexicoSpanish
Medicago sativa L.
29. Alfalfa
San Lu:!s Potos:!-Charcas
Cowania plicata D. Don
28. Alej and ria
Ford and Ford, 1965
Ford, 1966
Curtin, 1947
Curtin, 1947
Whiting, 1934
Ford, 1966
Curtin, 1947
Lundell, 1934
Urinary disorders: make tea and drink (1)
Diuretic: boil and drink. Rheumatism: boil in water and bathe. Gonorrhea: make decoction with Yerba del Burro (Distichlis spicata), Piloncillo> drink lukewarm, twice daily.
Bedbugs: place flowering plant between mattresses. Flies: hang branches in room to attract flies, then remove from house. Linens: use to sweeten them when stored.
For las reses (cattle )
Stomach pains: use seeds (1)
Bedbug repellent
f\)
I-' Vl
Pennington, 1963a Kearney and Peebles, 1964
ChihuahuaTepehuan ChihuahuaTepehuan Texas New MexicoSpanish
Verbena elegans var. asperata
Acacia pennatula
Berberis trifolio lata
Lavandula spica L. [lavender]
32. Alfrombrillo
33. Algarroba
34. Algerita
35. Alhucema
Curtin, 1947
Pennington, 1963a
Riley and Trujillo, 1956
DurangoEl Torre6n near La Ferreria
Whiting, 1934 Lundell, 1934
Reference
Erodium sp.
Location San Lu!s Potos!-Charcas
Botanical Name
Erodium cicutarium L'Hh.
Spanish Name
decoct
Menstrual hemorrhaging: grind and mix with Manzanilla; apply with warm rag. Purification: use as incense in sick room and for mother .three days after childbirth. Parturition: fumigate to facilitate difficult birth. Phlegm (in babies): give tea of seeds to nursing mother or chew seeds, place in small bag and put in
Venereal disease: bark and drink
Stomach disorders: take as tea. Catarro (influenza): take as tea.
Body sores: grind leaves in fine powder and sprinkle over sore after washing
Sore throat: boil in water and gargle
Use
0'\
[\)
1-'
Platanus Wrightii
Lavandula sp.
(Alucema)
36. Aliso
Lavandula sp.
Lundell, 1934 Pennington, 1963b
ChihuahuaTarahumar
Van Der Eerden, 1948
Ford, 1966
Shulman and Smith, 1962
Nueva LeonMonterrey
New MexicoSpanish
New MexicoSpanish
Lavandula sp.
{Aluzema)
New MexicoSpanish
Lavandula sp.
use seed
Medicinal tea: use bark
Post-partum hemorrhage: smoke patient with dry flower petals or grind into powder, place on cloth and wear as sanitary pad. Tea for babies: give to newborns until colostrum gone from mother.
Stomach gas: take as tea (especially for babies) (1). Coughs: take as tea (1).
Stomachache:
baby's mouth. Colic (in babies, from first milk): apply tea to nipple. Vomiting: take dry leaves. Stomach trouble: take as tea.
f-'
~
unidentified (resin)
39. Alquitran
El dafio (local form of evil eye): cook with Tripa de Judas (Parietaria pennsylvanica Muhl.) and give to afflicted children Stomachache: boil plant without root and use Parturition: midwife gives snuff made with ~ Collalle, Punche, and Altamisa Sometimes confused with and used as Altamisa de la Sierra
Redfield, 1928
Shulman and Smith, 1962 Robbins, et al., 1916
Ford, 1966
Valley of Mexico-Tepotzlan
New MexicoSpanish New MexicoTewa area
New MexicoSpanish
Chrvsanthemum
unidentified (aster family)
Artemisia sp.
Tanacetum vulgare L.
40. Alta Mesa
41. Altamisa
Fever: use as tea
Incense: burn (3)
Medicinal herb
Facial swelling: grind white beans, Mastranso (Marrubium vulgare L.), and this resin and rub on afflicted areas
Use
New MexicoSpanish Shulman and Smith, 1962
Ford, 1966
Lundell, 1934
Curtin, 1947
Reference
unidentified
(Alquitran, Flor de)
Nueva LeonMonterrey
unidentified
38. Almorrana New MexicoSpanish
New MexicoSpanish
Juniperus ~sperma (Engelm.) Sarg.
37. Almacigo de Sabina
Location
Botanical Name
Spanish Name
I-' OJ
1\)
Chr1santhemum parthenium Pers.
Artemisia franserioides Greene
43. Altamisa Mexicana
44. Altamisa de la Sierra New MexicoSpanish
New MexicoSpanish
CoahuilaSaltillo
San Lu!s Potos:l-Charcas
Zaluzania triloba (Ort.) Pres.
unidentified
San Lu!s Potos:l-Charcas
Parthenium lyratum Gray
42. Altamisa de Castilla
ChihuahuaJuarez
unidentified
Stomachaches Menstrual problems (failure to menstruate): boil in large quantities and use in sitz bath. Also, same uses as listed below for Altamisa de la Sierra. Col;i.c: chew fresh leaves with salt. Colds: grind leaves and make tea. Stomachache: grind leaves and make tea. Diarrhea: grind leaves and make tea. Constipation: make suppositories with this,Punche, Afiil del Muerto (Verbesina encelioides), honey, Piloncill~, and laundry soap.
Lundell, 1934 Curtin, 1947
Curtin, 1947
Whiting, 1934
Whiting, 1934
Ford and Ford, 1965
~
\()
not a plant -alum
47. Alumbre, Piedre
SO. Amapola
49. Alvacar see Albaca
Oenothera triloba Oenothera laciniata
Anoda acerifolia (Zucc.) DC. Anoda hastata Cav.
46. Altea (see also Flor Altea)
48. Aluzema see Alhucema
Valley of MexicoTepotzlan
Piqueria trinervia Cav.
45. Alta Reina (Harta Reina)
ChihuahuaTarahumar
New MexicoSpanish
Western Mexico
Location
Botanical Name
Spanish Name
Pennington, 1963b
Ford, 1966
Rose, 1899
Redfield, 1928
Reference
Food: boil leaves, salt, and eat as greens or add to atole
Burns: apply to affected area (1). Teeth (to tighten): make powder and use in a mouthwash.
Stomach inflammation: mix leaves with olive oil and take
Los aires (evil spirits): use with other herbs for washing. Fever: boil with Malva parviflora, Yerba de San Jose· (Verbena .Pili_stachya) and Rosa de Cas· tilla (Rosa sp.) and drink infusion.
Use
J--' 0
w
Stomach upsets: make tea from whole plant Cough: boil in water
Cough: boil in water Cough: boil in water Stimulant: make tea from stem and leaves Medicinal plant Food: eat fruit Bathing: use root for soap Washing clothes and hair: use roots for soap (1), (3), (5).
Whiting, 1934
Whiting, 1934 Whiting, 1934 Pennington, 1963a Whiting, 1934 Whiting, 1934 Van Der Eerden, 1948 Ford, 1966
San Lufs Potosf-Charcas San Lufs Potosf-Charcas San Lufs Potosf-Charcas ChihuahuaTepehuan San Lufs Potosf-Charcas San Lufs Potosf-Charcas New MexicoSpanish New MexicoSpanish
Oenothera Gre~gii var. Pringelei Munz
Galpinsia hartwegi (Benth.) Britton
unidentified
unidentified
unidentified
Prunus armeniaca
Yucca sp.
Yucca sp.
51. Amargo
52. Amarrio
53. Amole
~
Pennington, 1963a
Oenothera ChihuahuaTepehuan
(see also Yerba del Golpe)
1-'
t;
54. Amolillo
Spanish Name
Food: eat fruit. Washing: use root for soap. Fiber: make rope from leaves. Washing: use roots for soap Washing hair or clothes: dissolve in hot water
Robbins et al., 1916
Zingg, 1932 Jones, 1932
New MexicoTewa area
Chihuahua, Chihuahua Chihuahua, Juarez New MexicoSpanish
Agave sp.
unidentified
Glycyrrhiza lepid-ota Nutt.
Curtin, 1947
Post-parturition (to facilitate delivery of the afterbirth): mash roots, froth in water, strain and drink.
Washing: hair and woolens
Yucca baccata
Shulman and Smith, 1962
New MexicoSpanish
Washing clothes (especially wool): use root for soap. Stimulant: boil, mash young shoots; cook juice longer; red liquid taken by Penitentes to make them brave. Rheumatism: rub syrup on joints. Gonorrhea: crush root, boil, and take warm tea daily.
Use
Yucca sp.
Curtin, 1Y47
Reference
New MexicoSpanish
Location
Yucca sp.
Botanical Name
I-' T\)
l;J
Cosmos parviflorus (Jacq.) H.B.K.
"near Ageratum in Eupatoriae"
unidentified
AngE!lica sp.
Houstonia acerosa Gray
Pimpinella anisum L.
55. Amores
56. Amula
57. Anecillo
58 . Angelica
59. Angrelitas
60. An:!s New MexicoSpanish
San Luis Potosi-Charcas
ZacatecasZacatecas
ChihuahuaParral
CoahuilaTorreon
New MexicoSpanish
Curtin, 1947
Whiting, 1934
Riley and Trujillo, 1956
Riley and Trujillo, 1956
Kelly, 1965
Curtin, 1947
Painful shoulders and chest: toast, grind seeds; mix with whiskey and rub on. Stomach trouble, cough and colic: take seeds as tea. Pneumonia: grind seeds, inmortal and drink with hot water. Carminative: take with Azahar
Restrained urine
Stomach troubles: boil plant (without root) in water; take as needed
Body sores: grind leaves in fine powder and sprinkle over sore after washing
"Bilis": use with other ingredients in a tea for complications related to bilis
Purge: take as tea. Chest colds: give tea to children. Whooping cough: take tea of dried flowers.
To cleanse uterus: drink liquid unstrained.
t; w
To calm nerves and aid sleep: take as tea (1). Baking: use as An:!s· Stomach trouble: drink decoction
Lundell, 1934 Ford, 1966
Zingg, 1932
ChihuahuaJuarez Nueva LeonMonterrey New MexicoSpanish ChihuahuaChihuahua
Pimpinella anisum L.
Pimpinella anisum L.
Illicium~
Tagetes micrantha Cav.
61. An{s Estrella
62. Anisillo
(An:!s Chico)
Jones, 1932
New MexicoSpanish
Pimpinella anisum L.
L.
Aire: see Albacar. Cough or phlegm in children. Colds. Tuberculosis: mix with Brazfl and Copalqufn.
Shulman and Smith, 1962
Food and beverage: use on bread and in 'wine making
Colds (to cause sweat to break a cold): take tea made from seeds (3). Heart trouble: see Alegr:!a for recipe (3). Baking: use in sweet rolls and biscochitos (3)
Ford, 1966
and Remolino New MexicoSpanish
Use
Pimpinella anisum
Reference
Location
Botanical Name
Spanish Name
~
~
Robbins et al., 1916 Curtin, 1947
New MexicoTewa area New MexicoSpanish
Helianthus annuus L. ~
65 . Aiiil del Muerto
Hemorrhoids: powder with punche and apply with warm cloth. Swelling of the lungs and liver trouble: take three times daily ground with sugar, vinegar and cold water. Flatulence: drink tea
Ulcers: boil whole top of flower in water and drink (3) (1). Swelling: boil, take liquid with salt when "one has a swollen body." Laxative.
Curtin, 1947
Marquez, 1964 Ford, 1966
Shulman and Smith, 1962
New MexicoSpanish
New MexicoSpanish New MexicoSpanish New MexicoSpanish
Verbesina encelioides (Ca~ Benth.
Verbesina encelioides (Ca~ Benth.
? gold weed aster family
Rheumatism: use leaves to prepare bath
not medicinal
Stomach trouble and colic: chew leaf with salt, wash down with water or boil whole plant to make tea.
Verbesina encelioides ·cav:--
Helianthus L.
64. Aiiil
Curtin, 1947
New MexicoSpanish
Artemisia redolens Artemisia Gray
63. Anisate
t; V1
unidentified
Durango-Llano Grande (near La Ferreria)
Riley and Trujillo, 1956
DurangoLa Ferreria
Heterotheca sp.
Riley and Trujillo, 1956
Lundell, 1934
Lundell, 1934
San Lu!s Potos:C-Charcas
Grindelia oxr lepsis Greene
Aplopoppus spinulosus var. turbinellus (Rydb) Blake
Whiting, 1934
San Lu:fs Potos:C-Charcas
Gaillardia nervosa Rydb.
lochia
68. Arnica
Inflammation: use to bathe
Lundell, 1934
Flesh wounds: boil whole plant with root and use as wash
Bruises from blows, falls and swollen legs: boil plant and use as wash or soak
Wounds: place flowers in alcohol; apply as needed
Rheumatism: pulverize, mix with alcohol and ferment. Rub on affected areas before vapor bath. Then rub on again and keep warm.
Food and medicine: boil
Lundell, 1934
Valley of Field, 1953 Mexico-Tepotzlan
San Lu!s Potos:C-Charcas
unidentified
Use
Reference
Aristolochia sp.
Nueva LeonMonterrey
Location
unidentified
Botanical Name
67. Aristo-
66. Apio
Spanish Nam(;.
0\
t;;
New MexicoSpanish
New MexicoSpanish
Oryza sativa [rice]
unidentified
Zea mays [corn gruel]
Carthamus tinetorius L.
Carthamus tine-
71. Arroz
72. Ascona
73. Atole
74. Azafran
New MexicoSpanish
ZacatecasZacatecas
New MexicoSpanish
San Lu!s Potos!-Charcas
Bouteloua gracilis (H.B .K.) Lag.
70. Artiguilla
New MexicoSpanish
Artemisia sp.
69. Artemisia Yerba
Ford, 1966
Curtin, 1947
Shulman and Smith, 1962
Riley and Trujillo, 1956
Shulman and Smith, 1962
Whiting, 1934
White, 1941
Measles: give tea to help them "break out" (3) (1). Fever: take tea (3) (1). Cooking: use as coloring and flavoring in soups, meatballs (3) (1). Dye: use to dye wool yellow (3).
Measles: soak flowers in cold water until water is yellow, strain, drink 1/2 glass at a time to bring out rash and reduce fever
Parturition: preferred food after delivery
Inflammations (internal and external): boil branches and use for bath; make a compress or boil and drink as needed. Sore throat: make infusion and gargle.
Heart ailments: use to prevent
I-'
w
--l
New MexicoSpanish
[false saffron]
Polianthes tuberosa L.
77. Azucena
Food: candy
Prevention of abortion (which will occur if a pregnant woman gets a sudden craving for a food
Redfield, 1928
Valley of Mexico-Tepotzlan
Riley and Trujillo, 1956
ZacatecasZacate(".as
Ford, 1966
Lundell, 1934
Nueva LeonMonterrey
Citris sp.
Most ailments: grind flowers, place in warm water and drink (3). Heart trouble: for recipe see Alegr!a. To calm nerves and aid sleep: make tea and drink (2).
Measles: use in tea to make them come out
Use
New MexicoSpanish
White, 1941
New MexicoSpanish
Citris sp.
not a plant -rack candy
Ford, 1966
Shulman and Smith, 1962
Reference
New MexicoSpanish
Citris sp.
Location
Botanical Name
76. Azucarcan (Piedra Azucar)
see also Flor de Naranjo
(Asar de Naranjo)
(Flor A5ar)
75. Azahar de Naranjo (Azar)
Spanish Name
I-' CXl
w
Chorizanthe fimbriata Nutt.
Pisonia capitata (S. Wats.) Standley
79. Bachata (see also Yerba del Empacho)
80. Bainora Prieto
81. Baraca (see Flor de Baraca)
sulphur
78. Azufre
ChihuahuaTarahumar
Baja CaliforniaPaipai
New MexicoSpanish
Bennett and Zingg, 1935
Owen, 1963
Ford, 1966
Fever: grind leaves with warm water; strain juice into fresh water; warm and drink
Diarrhea: make tea for infants from small branches
(1).
Most ailments: mix with water and drink (3). Boils: apply powder (3). Suppositories: one of many ingredients (Punche, Manzanilla, Osha, Romerillo, Yerba Bueno, Piloncillo -grind and mix with honey, tar soap and rolled into shape) (3). Cough: make into syrup with molasses
which cannot be satisfied): take potion of this plant, Flor de San Diego (Laelia sp.), sugar and chocolate.
c:; \.0
85. Barbasco
Maiz
Croton texensis (Kl.) Muell. Arg.
Zea mays
84. Barba de
New MexicoSpanish
Curtin, 1947
Ford, 1966
Lundell, 1934
San Lu!s Potos!Charcas
Cocos nucifera L.
83. Barba de coco New MexicoSpanish
Wooton and Standley, 1915
New Mexico
82. Barba de chivo Whiting, 1934
Reference
Clematis Drummondii T. and G.
Location San Luis PotosiCharcas
Botanical Name
Clematis Drummondii T. and G.
Spanish·Name
Insecticide: remove bedbugs by placing under mattress or by placing on hot coals to smoke them out in closed room. Earache: place seed in lamb's wool and put in ear. Headache, neuralgia: apply green or dry leaves to head or inhale smoke. Purge: take powder in warm water. Paralysis: use strong infusion to bathe.
Urinary disorders: make tea of corn silk and drink as diuretic (1). Witches: they use corn silk to bewitch (3).
Frightened animals: use leaves. Skin eruptions: press leaf between fingers and rub on affected areas.
Use
0
~
Pithecoctenium sp.
Cosmos Pringlei
(see also Mata Gusano)
89. Bejuco de Huico
Anemopsis californica Hook.
ChihuahuaJuarez
Anemopsis californica Hook. & Arn.
(Hoja de babisa)
ChihuahuaJuarez
Anemopsis californica Hook, & Arn.
88. Bavisa (Babisa or Manza)
West Mexico
ChihuahuaTarahumar
ChihuahuaChihuahua
Arizona
Baccharis glutinosa Pers.
87. Batamote
New MexicoSpanish
unidentified
New MexicoSpanish
Croton sp.
86. Barbo
New MexicoSpanish
Croton texensis (K1.) Muell. Arg.
Rose, 1899
Pennington, 1963b
Zingg, 1932
Ford and Ford, 1965
Jones, 1932
Kearney and Peebles, 1964
Shulman and Smith, 1962
Shulman and Smith, 1962
Ford, 1966
Headache: apply large winged seeds to temples
Headaches: use roots to make tea. Intestin~l disorders: make tea from roots. Sores (from maggots or worms): use pulverized roots for poultice.
Sores and boils: boil leaves and roots; use decoction as wash
Sores: use to wash (8)
Boils: use infusion as wash
Heart trouble: boil with Oja del Aurelia and drink
Laxative
Rheumatism: grind dry leaves, mix with honey and rub on swollen areas (3)
+:!--'
!--'
96. Berro
95. Berguensa see Yerba de la Verguensa
94. Berbena ocea de Lagayinas
93. Berbena see Verbena
Rendle
....,.:;.,;;.;::..;:=:.;;;. _ Radicula _____ nasturtium (L.) Britten 1
Guazuma ulmifolia
Porophyllum filiferme Rydb.
Sp~nish
New Mexico-
Curtin, 1947
Lundell, 1934
San Lu1s Petos!- Whiting, 1934 Charcas
Heart trouble: eat greens • Kidneys: eat greens. Tuberculosis: crush finely in cold water and take.
Laxative: boil in water and drink
Venereal disease: drink tea from berries. Bloed purification: drink tea made from berries. Stomach trouble: drink tea made from berries.
Curtin, 1947
New MexicoSpanish
Juniperus sp.
92. Benna dia
Food: children sometimes eat them
Curtin, 1947
New MexicoSpanish
Use
Phoradendron juniperinum Eng elm.
Kearney and Peebles, 1964
Reference
91. Bellota de Sabina
Southwest United States
Location
Quercus Emoryi Torr.
Botanical Name
90. Bellota
Spanish Name
~ [\)
Beta sp. [beets]
unidentified
Lepechinia spicata
Acacia far-
98. Betabeles
99. Betonia
100. Betonica
101. Binorama
Ii'eS'Iaiia--
Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt.
Mimulus guttatus
Field, 1953
Bennett and Zingg, 1935
ChihuahuaTarahumar
Lundell, 1934
Shulman and Smith, 1962
Kelly, 1965
Pennington, 19p3a
Owen, 1963
Pennington, 1963a
Valley of Mexico-Tepotzlan
Nueva LeonMonterrey
New MexicoSpanish
CoahuilaTorreon
ChihuahuaTepehuan
Baja Cal;i.f orn:f_l'\Paipai
Nasturtium officinale
97. Berros
(see also Lanten cima~ron)
ChihuahuaTepehuan
Nasturtium officinale
Insect bites: cook bark and spines in water and drink, especially for
Uterine tumor causing "stoppage": boil 3 hou.rs then drink a glass 3 times a day before meals.
Medicinal herb
Kidneys: use to clean
Food: drink in decoction as substitute for coffee. Lung difficulties: take as emulsion. Kidney complaints: take as tea.
Fever: boil whole plant to make tea
"Therapeutic"
Influenza: take as tea
&
Liver ailments: boil leaves and take twice daily for 3-5 days. Constipation: as above but take 3 times a day for 2-3 days Gonorrhea Toothache: coat petals with grease and place on gums Stomach ailments: take as tea (1). Bites or infections: apply as
Lundell, 1934 Riley and Trujillo, 1956
Lundell, 1934 Redfield, 1928
Ford, 1966
Nueva LeonMonterrey ZacatecasZacatecas
Nueva LeonMonterrey Valley of Mexico-Tepotzlan New MexicoSpanish
Bougainvillea spectabilis
Peumus boldus ------
Guazuma ulmifolia
Datura candida ---
Bor_ago officinalis L.
103. Bogambilia
104. Baldo
105. Bolitas Guasima
106. Bomba (Florefundia)
107. Borraja
Cough: boil with other herbs
Food: eat fruit. Earache or deafness: remove spines from plant, cut in half, roast in ashes for 4 minutes; then squeeze soft center into ear
Bennett and Zingg, 1935
ChihuahuaTarahumar
Food: grind seeds and eat with pinole
scorpion stings
Use
Mammillaria heyderi
Reference
Pennington, 1963b
Location
ChihuahuaTarahumar
Botanical Name
Ferocactus sp.
102. Biznaga
Spanish Name
+=+=-
I-'
ChihuahuaTarahumar
New MexicoSpanish
Haematoxylon Campechianum L.
110. Bra.z!l
San Lu:!s Potosf-Charcas
Sonchus oleraceus L.
Calliandra eriophylla
Valley of Mexico-Tepotzlan
Borage officinalis t.
109. Brasilillo
108. Bougainbilla see Flor de Bougainbilla
Lundell, 1934
San Lu:!s Potos:!-Charcas
Borage officinalis L.
Curtin, 1947
Pennington, 1963b
Whiting, 1934
Redfield, 1928
Lundell, 1934
Nueva LeonMonterrey
Borage officinalis L.
Tuberculosis: drink decoction and use for sponge bath.
Gonorrhea: boil plant several hours, strain, set aside for a few days; then drink before eating each morning for 3 months.
Fever: steep in water and drink.
Fever
(1).
poultice with pork fat (1). Fever: take as tea (2) (1). Eye ailments: strain tea and use as eyewash (1). To aid sleep: take as tea
f--'
_J:::\Jl
112. Bura dulce
Elsenhardtia EOllstachla (Orteg.) Sarg.
Whiting, 1934
Pennington, 1963b
ChihuahuaTarahumar
Haematoxylon brasiletto
San Lu:!s Potos:!-Charcas
Jaundice: crush young branches and decoct into a compound for rubbing on patient. Dye: red.
Shulman and Smith, 1962
New MexicoSpanish
111. Buena Mujer see Pepapega
Heart trouble: boil and drink. Tuberculosis: mix with Anfs and Copalqufn and use as tonic.
Ford, 1966
New MexicoSpanish
CaesalEinia echinata
?Haematoxllon sp. [logwood]
Heart trouble: add to wine and drink (3)
White, 1941
New MexicoSpanish
Smallpox: soak chips in cold water until water is red; drink when thirsty to make smallpox break out. Heart trouble: boil in water with Azar, Anfs, Alegrfa strain, add Sangre de Venado,and Coral Preparado; drink before meals.
Use
CaesalEinia sp.
Reference
Palo Braz11
Location
Botanical Name
Spanish Name
.j:"'
I-'
0\
Witches: carry or keep pieces of root (unburned) for protection against witches (3). Headache: burn piece of root and inhale (3) (1). Nosebleed: burn piece of root and inhale (1). Tonsilitis: powder root and blow into tonsils to dry them up (1). Parturition: for mothers after baby is born (8)
Ford, 1966
Ford and Ford, 1965
New MexicoSpanish
ChihuahuaJuarez New MexicoSpanish
unidentified
unidentified
Liatris sp.
(Flor de Cachana)
116. Cachana
Pennington, 1963a
ChihuahuaTepehuan
Ford, 1966
Fever: boil bark and take as tea, hot or cold
Food: eat berries, as starvation food in June. Fever: crush bark and make tea.
Karwinskia Humboltiana
Pennington, 1963b
ChihuahuaTarahumar
Karwinskia Humboltiana
Coughs: boil flowers with Yerba Dulce (Lippia dulcis) and manzanillos (?) and apply externally
115 . Cacachila (Palo Apestoso)
Redfield, 1928
Valley of Mexico-Tepotzlan
Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn.
114. Cabell ito de Angel
ll3. Caballo see Cola de Caballo
_J:-
1---'
-...:]
Diarrhea: boil 3 burrs in a cup of water and drink
Cooking: use to make posole (3). Insecticide: put on plants (3). Food: eat fruit Food: roast and eat seeds (3)
Beal, 1943
Curtin, 1947
Wooton, 1894 Ford, 1966
Wooton, 1934 Ford, 1966
Southwest United States New MexicoSpanish
New MexicoSpanish New MexicoSpanish San Lu!s Potos:C-Charcas New MexicoSpanish
Xanthium commune Britton
Xanthium canadense Mill.
Hme
Cucurb.ita muschata
Cucurbita sp.
ll8. Cadillos
ll9. Cal
120. Calabasa
(Calabaza, Semilla de)
(Cadio)
Diarrhea and stomachache. Snakebite on horses: use roots.
Goss, 1903
Southwest United States
Pluchea sericea (Nutt.) Coville
ll7 • Cachanilla
Rattlesnake bite: apply poultice of leaves
Fertility: take decoction to facilitate conception
Kelly, 1965
CoahuilaTorre6n
Witches: cary odorless root as prophylactic
Use
Trixis californica Kell.
(Cachano)
Reference Shulman and Smith, 1962
Location New MexicoSpanish
unidentified
Botanical Name
(Cochana)
--
Spanish Name
I-' -!='"
o:>
121. Calabazilla
Kearney and Peebles, 1964 Owen, 1963
New MexicoSpanish
New MexicoSpanish Arizona Baja CaliforniaPaipai
Cucurbita foetidissima H.~
Cucurbita foetidissima
Cucurbita foetidis sima
Cucurbita digitata Gray
Ford, 1966
Curtin, 1947
Curtin, 1947
New MexicoTewa
Cucurbita foetidissima H.~
Curtin, 1947
New MexicoSpanish
Cucurbita foetidissima H.~
"Shamanism"
Food: fruits eaten
Roots are very poisonous (3)
Rheumatism: a) bake fruit, split and rub afflicted parts; b) mix ground roots with olive oil, aceite de comer and apply. Pains under eyes: grind flowers, powdered Contrayerba (Kallstroemia), and.Batito del Campo (Lathyrus) and rub on affected area. Saddle sores: use decoction of roots. Cathartic: use decoction of roots.
Laxative: grind roots, stir in cold water and drink
Washing hair and clothing: use fruit pulp to help remove grease
+:-
!--'
\0
127. Camote de Monte
126. Camaron see Flor de Camaron
Peteria
~:>p.
Texas
Kearney and Peebles, 1964
Whiting, 1934
San Lu!s Potos!-Charcas
Gnaphalium semiLC.
125. Calampacate
~lexicaule
Ford and Ford, 1965
ChihuahuaJuarez
unidentified
Zingg, 1932
124. Calco Meca see Cocolmeca
ChihuahuaChihuahua
Pennington, 1963a
Notholaena sinuata (Sw.) Kaulf.
ChihuahuaTepehuan
Zingg, 1932
Bennett and Zingg, 1935
Reference
123. Calahua del Indio
Asplenium monanthes t.
ChihuahuaChihuahua
Notholaena sinuata
also called Negri to
ChihuahuaTarahumar
Notholaena candida
122. Calaguala
Location
Botanical Name
Spanish Name
Food: roots edible
Wounds: apply leaf
Tea (8)
Inflammation and bruises: drink decoction
Parturition: steep leaves in hot water, drink when cool, before and immediately after childbirth. Rheumatis pains: take hot tea made from leaves.
Inflammation and bruises: drink decoction
Fever: take decoction
Use
t-' 0
\Jl
Internal bruises from blows or injuries: boil plant, add a pinch of sand, allow to set overnight; take before breakfast; repeat making fresh batches and taking them each day for 9 days Medicinal herb Sores (infected, genital area in females): boil piece of root and use to bathe, for wet compresses and drink daily before evening meal Vaginal discharge: drink decoction. Venereal disease complaint in men: boil with other plants and drink
Riley and DurangoTrujillo, 1956 Llano Grande near La Ferreria
Lundell, 1934 Riley and Trujillo, 1956
Kelly, 1965
Nueva LeonMonterrey ZacatecasZacatecas
CoahuilaTorreon
Polypodium sp.
unidentified [fern]
Asclepias sp.
Euphorb:i_a antisyphilitics Zucc.
131. Cancerina
132 . Candelilla
see also Cafiahuala
Boils (from evil spirits): mix root powder and liquid from boiled flowers with mescal and apply. Toothache: use liquid as rinse.
130. Canaguala
Field, 1953
Valley of Mexico-Tepotzlan
unidentified
Food: roast and eat roots
129. Camotito Blanco
Kearney and Peebles, 1964
Arizona
Hoffmanseggia densiflora Benth.
128. Camote de Raton
I-' p
';JI
(Canela)
133. Canela en Raja
Spanish Name
Parturition:(to hasten delivery) give mother 3 sticks or the equivalent in powdered form. Repeat if necessary. Colds: take tea to cause sweating (1). Stomachache: add ground cinnamon and sugar to coffee or water and drink (3). Heart trouble: for recipe see Alegr!a. Canning: use for flavoring, e.g. pears (3) Aire: see Albacar. Stomachache: mix with warm water and drink. Hemorrhage after delivery : use in tea. Child "feels sick": give in coffee. Susto: use with bicarbonate of soda, spearmint and nuts.
Ford, 1966
Shulman and Smith, 1962
New MexicoSpanish
New MexicoSpanish
Cinnamomum sp.
Cinnamomum sp.
Bladder trouble
Van der Eerden, 1948
Lundell, 1934
Venereal disease: boil stalks and leaves, let set overnight and take before breakfast for 9 days
Use
New MexicoSpanish
San Lu!s Potosf-Charcas
unidentified
Riley and Trujillo, 1956
Reference
Cinnamomum zeylanicum
ZacatecasZacatecas
Location
Euphorbia sp.
Botanical Name
I-' [\)
\J1
Cassia Fistula
136. Cafiaf!stola
ChihuahuaJuarez New MexicoCochiti
New MexicoSpanish
Rumex sp.
Rumex hymenosepalus
138. Cafiaigre
ChihuahuaParral (from Oaxaca?)
Notholaena sinuata var. integerrima Hook.
Cassia sp.
CoahuilaTorre6n
Valley of Mexico-Tepotzlan
CoahuilaTorre6n
137. Cafiahuala
(Cafia Fistula) see also Gafia Pistola
Arundo donax
135. Cafia de Castilla
L.
Saccharum officinarum
134. Cafia
White, 1941
Lange, 1959
Jones, 1932
Riley and Trujillo, 1956
Kelly, 1965
Madsen, 1965
Kelly, 1965
Food: eat young leaves as greens and young stems as rhubarb. Tanning: use roots.
Stomach medicine: make an infusion
To clear urine: boil seed pod and seeds in water and take infusion 3 times a day for 9-10 days. Coughs: as above.
Abortion and/or regulation of menstruation: take decoction with this and other items
Cough caused by cold: make tea with Itamo Real (Pellaea cordata) and leaves of Tejocote (Crataegus mexicana)
Food: chew as a sweet
~ w
Teeth: to clean (8) Sores and genital inflammations of women: boil pod and use liquid as douche. Whooping Cough: boil pod in water, mix with milk, add sugar, take 2 times a day.
Ford and Ford, 1965 and Trujillo, 1956
ChihuahuaJuarez ZacatecasZacatecas
Rumex hymenosepalus Torr. Ril~y
Stomach medicine and blood tonic
Jones, 1932
ChihuahuaJuarez
Rumex hymenosepalus Torr.
Cassia sp. ------
Teeth: chew, good fDr teeth, to treat pyorrhea
Shulman and Smith, 1962
New MexicoSpanish
Rumex sp. ? unidentified
139. Cafia Pistola see also Cafiafistula
To tighten teeth: use roots for mouthwash (1)
Ford, 1966
New MexicoSpanish
Rumex hymenosepalus Torr.
Tanning: use roots in water to soak skins. Pyorrhea: make rinse of ground root. Sore throat: make gargle from root. Skin irritations: powder root and apply. Skin inflammations: mix roots with Castilleja and alum and apply.
Curtin, 1947
New MexicoSpanish
Rumex hymenosepalus Torr.
Use
(Cafi.a Agria)
Reference
Location
Botanicaf Name
Spanish Name
I-'
+:-
\.Jl
White, 1941
New MexicoSpanish New MexicoSpanish New Mexico
ChihuahuaJuarez Baja California- Owen, 1963 Paipai
Ephedra sp.
Ephedra sp.
Ephedra sp.
Ephedra sp.
Ephedra californica Wat s,
Canatillo, Popotillo
Canutillo
Stomach disorders: take as tea (8)
Ford and Ford, 1965
Gonorrhea Wounds and boils on animala: use as wash Food: eat cherries; make jelly, jam, or meal cakes
Curtin, 1947 Lundell, 1934 Lange, 1959
New MexicoSpanish San Luis Potosi-Charcas New MexicoCochiti
Equisetum hiemale L.
unidentified
Prunus melanorydbl Rydb.
141. Capitanejo
142. Capul:!n
Canutillo del Llano
Robbins, et al., 1916
New MexicoTewa area
Venereal disease: take tea
Venereal disease and kidney ailments: take tea made from branches
Kearney and Peebles, 1964
Stomach disorders: take as tea (3). Urinary disorders: take as tea (1).
Venereal disease: take as tea. Fever and Kidney pain (diuretic): take decoction.
Equisetum arvense
Canutillo Ford, 1966
Curtin, 1947
New MexicoSpanish
Ephedra torreyana S. Wats,
140. Canatilla (Canutillo del Campo)
1-' V1 V1
Capul{n, Corteza de
143. Capul!n Pequefia
also called Granjen
Span1sh Name
Prunus capuli
Zingg, 1932
ChihuahuaChihuahua
Colds: boil bark and drink decoction as tea
Scratches, stings, inflammations: crush leaves and apply Pennington, 1963a
ChihuahuaTepehuan
Prunus capuli
Food: eat fruit raw
Kelly, 1965
CoahuilaTorred'n
Celtis pallida Torr.
Stomach :inflammation: make tea from roots, add Piloncillo; take in morning and before each meal. Rheumatism: make red tea from root~ to drink and to oathe in. Dyes: green from inner bark (in spring); purplered from berries. Food: eat fruit in jam, jelly, or make wine.
Use
Food: eat fruit
Ch;i.huab.uaTarahumar
Cydonia oblonga Pyrus Cydonia
Curtin, 1947
Reference
Bennett and Zingg, 1935
New MexicoSpanish
Location
Prunus melanocarpa (A. Nels.) Rydb.
Botanical Name
1-' 0\
Vl
Pennington, 1963a
Van der Eerden, 1948 Curtin, 1947
Chihuahua-Tepehuan
New MexicoSpanish New MexicoSpanish
Argemone ochroleuca ssp. ochroleuca
Centaurea Rothrockii Greenman
Cirsium undulatum Nutt.
146. Cardo
147. Cardo Santo
Whiting, 1934
San Lu:fs Potos:fCharcas
Milla biflora Cav.
1947
145. Carcoma
Curtin,
New MexicoSpanish
Sambucus mexicana Presl
144. Capul:ln Silvestre (Flor de Sauz)
Parturition (to hasten delivery): boil roots and give tea. Earache: put juice from mashed roots on cotton and place in ear. Toothache: boil roots and hold hot tea in mouth. Diarrhea: take decoction of roots. Gonorrhea: make decoction from flowers. Broken bones: make poultice of leaves and roots. Stiff neck: apply pulp from mashed leaves.
Parturition: chew petals if thirsty during labor and childbirth
Fleas: use milky excresence from stalk as lotion to kill fleas, Purgative: crush seeds and add to warm water.
Food: eat bulb
Food: make wine. Fever: add dry flowers to water and drink. Paralysis: steep flowers in hot water and add to bath.
1--'
--1
\.n
Zingg, 1932
Lundell, 1934 Pennington, 1963a
ChihuahuaChihuahua San Luts PotosfCharcas Nueva LeonMonterrey
Cirsium undulatum (Nutt.) Spreng.
C. undulatum Gray
Centaurea americana Chihuahua-Tepe-
Valley of MexicoTepotzlan
New MexicoSpanish
Iresine calea
Ipomea Mexicana
149. Carricillo
150. Carriuela
hu~n
unidentified
Wooton, 1894
Field, 1953
Lundell, 1934
Whiting, 1934
San Luis Potos!Charcas
platyceras Link and Otto
~
Curtin, 1947
Keference
New MexicoSpanish
Location
Argemone hispida Gray
Botanical Name
148. Caricillo
Spanish Name
Fever and to refresh insides: boil with water, lemon, alcohol, sugar candy and drink before meals. Enema: boil plant alone.
Parturition: make tea of stems to take at childbirth
Swellings: use decoction to bathe
Rheumatism, dropsy, sweiling: apply dried roots or prepare bath from whole plant
use
f-' (Xl
\Jl
White, 1941 Ford, 1966
New MexicoSpanish New MexicoSpanish
Punic a ---
Juglans sp.
Juglans sp.
156. Cascara de Nogal
Owen, 1963
Ford, 1966
155. Cascara de Granada Baja CaliforniaPaipai
Durango-Varal Riley and (near La Ferreria) Trujillo 1956
Quercus sp.
granatum L.
New MexicoSpanish
Quercus sp.
154. Cascara de Encino
Ford, 1966
New MexicoSpanish
Prunus sp.
153. Cascara de Capulfn
(I_)
Mouthwash: use bark to prepare (1)
Sore throat: take as tea. (No Spanish name given in Owen).
Inflammations of the teeth: boil inner bark, cook and use as mouthwash.
Sores in mouth: apply (see also Encino)
Liver diseases and la bilis: boil bark in water until half has evaporated; take before meals.
Field, 1953
Valley of MexicoTepotzlan
Juliana adstringens
Food: eat root stalks and seeds
Kearney and Peebles, 1964
Ariz6na
Phragmites sp.
Robbins, et al. 1916
New Mexico Tewa area
Phragmites sp.
152. Cascara
151. Carrizo
I-' \J1
~
Frasera speciosa
160. Cebadilla
New MexicoSpanish
Rhamnus califorrtica Esch.
New MexicoSpanish
San Lufs PotosiChar cas
Baja Californi~ Paipai
Rhamnus californica Esch.
Hordeum vulgare L.
New MexicoSpanish
Location
Juglans sp.
Botanical Name
159. Cebada (Savada)
158. Castilla (see Flor de Castilla and Rosa de Castilla)
157. Ctiscara Sagrada
Spanish Name
Curtin, 1947
Fever: mix ground root with hot water, rub on body, wrap in blankets to cause sweating. Purge: take powdered root in warm water or stir stem in glass of milk. Paralysis: grind roasted root
Laxative: boil in water and drink (1)
Ford, 1966
Whiting, 1934
Stomachache and vomiting: make tea from leaves, Constipation: boil piece of bark, leave outside overnight, drink in the morning.
Rheumatism: for leg pains, use decoction to bathe
Use
Owen, 1963
Curtin, 1947
Reference
I-' 0'\ 0
Flatulence:chew. Fever: mash, soak in water, strain, and drink liquid. Food: eat raw or cooked. Curtin, 1947
Whiting, 1934
New MexicoSpanish
San Lu:!s Potos:!Char cas
AJ lium recurvatum Rydb.
A. Kunthii G. Don.
162. Cebollita del Campo
~ scaposum Benth.
Wounds: apply. Colds: use to prevent.Pneumonia: to treat and to prevent, TB: in a solution of water and vinegar. Influenza: treat with in a solution of water and vinegar. Fever and chest congestion: stew. Shulman and Smith, 1962
New MexicoSpanish
(Sevollita del Campo)
Chilblains: roast and apply hot in small sections. Teething: babies chew stems and leaves to reduce pain and swelling.
Curtin, 1947
New MexicoSpanish
Allium cepa L.
Constipation: use as laxative
161. Cebolla
Shulman and Smith, 1962
New MexicoSpanish
Swertia radiata?
and rub on affected areas. Headache: gr~nd root with Inmortal and rub on forehead. Cold: snuff up nose at night. Insecticide: (esp. vs. lice) mix powder with lard and apply to head for 12 hours, wash.
f-' 0\ f-'
Colic Chest pains: boil leaves and branches and take liquid twice daily
Lundell, 1934 Lundell, 1934 Riley and Trujillo, 1956
CoahuilaMonterrey Nueva LeonMonterrey ZacatecasZacatecas
Lippia triphylla (L 'Her.) Kuntze
triphylla (L 'Her.) Kuntze
Lippia triphylla (L 'Her.) Kuntze
Lippia sp.
Lippi~
Lundell, 1934
San Lufs PotosfChar cas
triphylla (L 'Her.) Kuntze
(Cedron de Castilla)
San Lu!s PotosfChar cas
Lippi~
Colic
Colic: boil in water
Colic in women: boil in water
Whiting, 1934
Valley of MexicoTepotzlan
Aloysia triphylla
165. Cedron
Anger sickness: for recipe see Ajenjo, Stomachache from eating custard apples: take as tea.
Madsen, 1965
New Mexico
"Cultivated."
Use
Juniperus sp.
Tidestrom and Kittell 1941
Whiting, 1934
San Lu!s Potos!Char cas
Cupressus benthamii Endl.
Reference Robbins et al. , 1916
Location
Juniperus scopuLorum New MexicoSarg. Tewa area
Botanical Name
164. Cedro Colorado
163. Cedro
Spanish Name
[\)
r' 0'\
CoahuilaTorre6n
San Lu!s PotosiCharcas
Leucophyllum ~ phyllum Johnst.
Leucophyllum laevigatum Standl.
Coriandrum sativum L.
169. Cilantro
(Culantro)
Citris medica
168. Cidra
New MexicoSpanish
New MexicoSpanish
ChihuahuaTarahumar
Kelly, 1965
ChihuahuaJuarez
unidentified
(Seliliso)
Ford and Ford, 1965
Arizona
Atriplex canescens (Pursh ) Nutt.
Food: fruit not edible raw Food: use as seasoning. Pyorrhea and toothache: boil in water and hold in mouth. Cold in stomach: boil and drink. Headache: burn seeds and inhale fumes Aire: see Albacar.
Curtin, 1947
Shulman and Smith, 1962
Medicinal herb
Stomachache: take in tea with other items. Diabetes: take decoction. Bilis: use for tea and herb bath.
Colic: take as tea, Amenorrhea: take as tea.
Bennett and Zingg, 1935
1934
Lundell,
Kearney and Peebles, 1964
Ford, 1966
New MexicoSpanish
unidentified
Rose, 1899
167. Cenizo
Western Mexico
Adiantum capillusveneris L.
166. Celantillo
f--' 0\
w
Pennington, 1963b
Chihuahua-Tarahumar
Thryallis glauca
175. Ciruelo del Campo
176. Clamaclancle (see Flor de Clamaclancle
Lundell, 1934
San Lufs Potos!Curtin
Tagetes sp.
Tidestrom and Kittell, 1941
Food: eat fruits, Diarrhea: make tea from leaves~ Wounds: use tea as wash.
Diarrhea: drink decoction as an astringent
Zingg, 1932
174. Cinco Yagay
~lexico
ChihuahuaChihuahua
To give appetite
Menstrual difficulties: steep seeds in hot water, drink tea, may also add Rosa de Castilla
Sedative: take as tea (1). Food: use to season soup (fresh leaves); use seeds in tamales and carne adovado (3).
Use
Whiting, 1934
New
Zinnia grandiflora Nutt.
172. Cinco Llagas
San Luis Potos!Char cas
173. Cinco de Mayo Amaranthus leucocarpus Wats.
Unidentified
Owen, 1963
Coriandrum sativum L. Baja CaliforniaPaipai
Ref,erence Ford, 1':166
Location
Coriandrum sativum L. New MexicoSpanish
Botanical Name
171. Cimonillo
Spanish Name
f--'
+=-
()'\
Caryophyllus armomaticus
180. Clavo
Salix mexicana 182. Cocolmeca (Raiz de China-)--
.Caryophyllus armomaticus
Saponaria officinalis L.
179. Clavelina
(Clavo Entero)
[white carnation]
Krameria sp.
Potentilla Thurberi
178. Clavel Blanca
(Cloradia, Ratania, Sarasaparilla
177. Clameria
ZacatecasZacatecas
Blood tonic: take infusion of root 3 times/day for 9 Riley and Trujillo, 1956
Earache: put in ear with olive oil. Cough: use in hot water. Food: use as spice in cooking and baking. Toothache: wrap with fat and place in cavity (1) (7).
Shulman and Smith, 1962
New MexicoSpanish
Washing: use roots as soap
Headaches: boil wood ticks in oil until oil turns red, shred a flower and mix, apply to temples, Nosebleed: apply above to mid-face area.
Kidney ailments and diseases of urinary tract: boil roots and take liquid before breakfast for 9 days. To strengthen blood: make a wine using boiled roots, sugar and alcohol, take after meals for 15 days.
Aching gums: crush interior of roots and place between cheek and gums
Ford, 1966
Curtin, 1947
New MexicoSpanish
New MexicoSpanish
Riley and Trujillo, 1956
Riley and Trujillo, 1956
Pennington, 1963a
Durango-Llano Grande
ZacatecasZacatecas
ChihuahuaTepehua:n
~ \.n
Kidney,urinary, and venereal diseases: boil and take twice daily for 9 days Colds: boil flowers and drink infusion
Ril12y and Trujillo, 1956 Redfield, 1928 Field, 1953
ZacatecasZacatecas
Equisetum sp.
186. Cola de Raton
185. Cola de Gato
(Carisillo, Canolilla)
Muhlenbergia Emersleyi
ChihuahuaTarahumar
Pennington, 1963b
Kidney pains: drink decoction
Zingg, 1932
ChihuahuaChihuahua
E. hiemale L.
Heliocereus speciosus Valley of MexicoBritton and Rose Tepotzlan
Kidneys: good for kidneys
Ford and Ford, 1965
ChihuahuaJuarez
Equisetum sp.
(Caballo)
Stomach cramps: use stems to make tea
Pemlington, 1963a
ChihuahuaTepehuan
Equisetum laevigatum
(8)
Chest ailments: use stems to make tea
Pennington, 1963b
ChihuahuaTarahumar
Equisetum laevigatum
Rectal sores: crush interior of the pit of the fruit, mix with lard and apply
days. Inflammations of genitals (internal, in women): use infusion of root as douche daily for 9 days.
Use
184. Cola de Caballo
Reference
•Ril,ey and Trujillo, 1956
Location
_Th.evetia thevatioides Zacatecas----Zacatecas
Botanical Name
183. Codo de Fraile
Spanish Name
()\
()\
I-'
Eriogonum sp.?
Eriogonum racemosum Nutt. New MexicoSpanish
New MexicoSpanish
(see also Escoba de la Vi bora)
G. sarothrae
New MexicoSpanish
New Mexico-Tewa area
IQ'Ii'g'IIOIia
G. linoides
G.
New MexicoSpanish
Gutierrezia tenuis Greene
188. Collalle Gutierrezia saroNew Mexico(Escoba de la thrae (Pursh~itt. Spanish Vibora), and Rushy (Yerba de la Vibora)
Colita de Raton
187. Colita de Rata (Colita de Raton) Unspecified "remedy"
Tooth cleaning: use stems
Colic: make poultice with Yerba del Lobo (Helenium). Rheumatism: use tea to drink and for bath. Piles: use tea to bathe sore areas. Stomach ache: boil greens or flowers and take as tea. Malaria: decoct greens and use to bathe. Womb trouble and as menostatic: take in a mixture.
Ford, 1966
Rheumatism: mix with Yerba del Caballo (Senecio?) and water for a bath (3)
Robbias et al., Parturition and painful 1916 menstruation: use to fumigate
Curtin, 1947
Van der Eerden, Post-partum involution of 1948 the uterus: take as tea to help reduce womb to normal size
Shulman and Smith, 1962
Curtin, 1947
f--'
.$
Pennington, 1963b
ChihuahuaTarahumar ChihuahuaTepehu&n ZacatecasZacatecas
New MexicoSpanish
Erythrina flabelliformis
Erythrina flabelliformis
?Picramnia sp. or ? Cinchona sp. (see also Copalquin)
Cuminum cyminum L.
190. Colorin (Chilicote), (Chilocote)
191. Colpaquin
192. Comino
Shulman and Smith, 1962
Riley and Trujillo, 1956
Pennington, 1963a
Ford and Ford, 1965
Chihuahua-Juarez
Unidentified
189. Collate
Reference Marquez, 1964
Location New MexicoSpanish
Botanical Name
G. sarothrae
Spanish Name
take as tea
Sore throat: use with ground Contrayerba (caltrop) nuts, and sugar. Aire: mix with Contrayerba cinnamon and nuts, ·rub on afflicted places.
Fever (esp. malaria): soak pieces of bark until soft, make into tablets and take 2 times/day or boil tablet and drink liquid. Sores: mix powdered bark with water and use to wash.
See Chilocote
See Chilocbte
(8)
Stomachache:
Menstrual cramping and diarrhea (esp. after childbirth): use to make tea with Yerba Buena and Estafiate
Use
co
()'\
1-'
New Mexico-Tewa area
New MexicoSpanish New MexicoSpanish
New MexicoSpanish
Taraxacum sp. taraxacum (W&S)
Kallstroemia sp.
Kallstroemia brachystylis Vail--
Kallstroemia sp.? (caltrop family)
194. Consuelda
195. Contrayerba
~
Baja CaliforniaPaipai
Chihuahua-Juarez
193. Concha (see Marrubium vulgare L. also Marrubio, Mastranzo)
C. cyminium
New MexicoSpanish
Coughs and colds: take as tea
Food: use in sausage
Food: use as cooking spice, add to red chile (3)
Swollen gums: soak powdered root in warm water and use for wash. Sore eyes: same as 'above. Fever: take tea made from root. Dysentery: same as above. Stomach trouble: same as above. Diarrhea: use with Osh5 and Peruvian red bark for tea. Facial pains under eyes: see Calabazilla. Sore throat: grind roots, add sugar and nuts, eat. Aire: mix with camino seed, cinnamon and nuts, rub on
Curtin, 1947
Shulman and Smith, 1962
White, 1941
Robbins et al., Food: eat young leaves as 1916 greens. Broken bones: make paste of leaves to dress fracture. Bruises: apply ground leaves with dough.
Owen, 1963
Jones, 1932
Ford, 1966
(]\
1-'
\0
Spanish Name
Fever: use leaves for tea Fever: use leaves for tea Fever: use tea from plant Stomach trouble: peel and eat root
Pennington, 1963a Pennington, 1963a Pennington, 1963a Whiting, 1934
ChihuahuaTepehuan ChihuahuaTepehuan ChihuahuaTepehuan San Lui-s Potos1-Charcas
Field, 1953 Valley of Mexico-Tepotzlan
Psoralea pentaphylla
Psoralea sp.
Poinsettia radicans
Psoralea pentaphylla L.
Psoralea pentaphylla L.
Typhoid fever, malaria, penumonia: powder root, add alcohol, drink before meals. Labor pains: apply locally to back. To
Diarrhea: use roots in remedy
Robbins, et al. , 1916
New MexicoSanta Clara
Kallstroemia californica (Wats~ail var. brachystylis Vail
afflicted place. Rash: good for rash, of smallpox and chickenpox.
Use
Tic: grind, sift, and rub on affected area (3)
New MexicoSpanish
Kallstroemia Californica (Wat~ Vail var. brachystylis Vail
Refe!rence
Ford, 1966
Location
Botanical Name
1-'
0
....:)
New MexicoSpanish
ChihuahuaTepehU1tn New MexicoSpanish ChihuahuaTarahumar
ChihuahuaTarahumar
Kallstroemia sp. (caltrop family)
Asclepias sp. af. quinquedentata
Cinchona sp. ? [ Peruvian red bark]
Hintonia latiflora coutarea latiflora
Hintonia latiflora coutarea latiflora
196. Contra Yerba de la Sierra
197. Copalqu:!n
Pennington, 1963b
Pennington, 1963b
Shulman and Smith, 1962
Pennington, 1963a
Acidity: take decoction
Fever: use bark to make tea
Tuberculosis: mix with An'f.s and Braz'f.l and use as tonic
Fever
Sore throat: grind roots, add sugar and nuts, eat. Aire: mix with comino seed, cinnamon and nuts, rub on afflicted place. Rash: good for rash, smallpox, chickenpox.
facilitate delivery of baby and after birth: rub hard on back and stomach. Diarrhea: add powder to milk, give to children.
1-' 1-'
~l
not a plant ? ground sea coral or similar orange colored chalky compound
not a plant red-o·range sea coral beads
Arctosta:eh;t:los uva-ursi -(L ~)
200. Corales
201. Coralillo
ChihuahuaJuarez
Hintonia sp.?
199. Coral Preparado
ChihuahuaTepehuan
Hintonia latiflora Coutarea pterosperma
Evil eye: place bracelets of coral on babies to protect against evil eye (3) Ford, 1966
Curtin, 1947
New MexicoSpanish
New MexicoSpanish
Venereal disease: boil plant, add Piloncillo
Heart trouble: mix with deer's blood, gold leaf, and wine (la)
Chest pains from blow or injury or stomach pains caused internally: boil and take as needed
Stomach: good for stomach (8)
Fever: take tea made from bark. Influenza: same as above. Sores and snakebites: use tea as cleansing lotion.
Fever: take decoction. Gall sores (of animals): apply powdered leaves.
Use
Ford, 1966
Riley and Trujillo, 1956
Ford and Ford, 1965
Pennington, 1963a
Bennett and Zingg, 1935
Reference
New MexicoSpanish
ChihuahuaParral
ChihuahuaTarahumar
Hintonia latiflora Coutarea pterosperma
unidentified
Location
Botanical Name
198. Copalqufn, Corteza de
Spanish Name
I-'
---:] 1\)
Phaseolus Metcalfei
Elytraria imbricata
Gaillardia pinnatifida Torr.
202. Corcomeca
203. Cordoncillo
204. Coronilla New MexicoSpanish
ChihuahuaTarahumar
ChihuahuaTarahumar
Curtin, 1947
Pennington, 1963b
Pennington, 1963b
Infertility; boil plant (except flower), add Piloncillo strain and drink before meals. Cold and headache: mash stems with salt and water; apply to forehead or temples or make powder from flowers and apply. Anemia: take as tea. Rheumatism: use roots with those of Zarza (Humulus) and Yerba de
Fever: make tea of leaves. Diarrhea: make tea of leaves. Wounds: make wash from whole plant for washing.
Stomach upset: use roots for tea. Food: use as tesguino catalyst.
Inflammations: boil leaves and apply
Anagallis arvensis L. Valley of Redfield, Mexico-Tepotzlan 1928
drink each morning for 10 days. Rheumatism: use decoction to bathe. Anemia: boil plant (except root) and take tea before breakfast. Stomach trouble: take tea.
Spreng.
tJ w
Lundell, 1934
San Lu:fs Potos:f-Charcas New MexicoSpanish
Physalis? pubescens
Thelesperma gracile A. Gray ~helesperma longipes A. Gray
206. Costomate
207. Cota
T. trifidum
longipes A. Gray New MexicoTewa area
Bites (scorpion): use flowers to make tea
Rose, 189.9
Western Mexico
Magnolia sp .
205. Corpus
!·
Stomach disorders: crush roots, boil in water, and take as tea
Pennington, 1963a
ChihuahuaTepehuan
Food: boil plant for tea. Dye: boil plant. Diuretic: take as tea. Vermifuge: take as tea. Fever: take as tea-strong with sugar. Chafed skin (babies): give tea and use to bathe. Food: drink tea
Curtin, 1947
Robbins, et al., 1916
Pneumonia
Berlandiera sp.
Bennett and Zingg, 1935
Purgative: make tea from roots
Use Caballo (Senecio) for bathing solution
ChihuahuaTarahumar
Pennington, 1963b
Reference
Tagetes lucida
Location
ChihuahuaTarahumar
Botanical Names
Berlandiera lyrata var. macrophylla
Spanish Names
_J:-
f-J -.J
Stomach ailments. Intestinal parasites. Pneumonia: take tea made from this and other "hot"
White, 1941 Riley and Trujillo, 1956 Jones, 1932
Lundell, 1934 Martinez, 1959 Madsen, 1965
New MexicoSpanish ChihuahuaParral (from Oaxaca?) ChihuahuaJuarez Nueva LeonSan Lu:!s Potos:! Mexico Valley of Mexico-Tepepan
Quassia amara L.?
unidentified
unidentified
Picrasma excelsa ?
Quassia amara L.
Crescentia alata
211. Cuasia
212. Cuautecomate
Cuacia, Corteza de
Riley and Trujillo, 1956
ZacatecasZacatecas
Stomach upset from anger: soak in water and drink liquid
Stomach upsets: soak bark in water and take 3x daily
Indigestion: boil part of fruit in water and take liquid each morning for 9 days
See Crisanta
Randia sp. or
~lia sp.
Curtin, 1947
210. Crucillo
New MexicoSpanish
Stomachache: chew leaf or make tea from leaves
Chrysanthemum indicum L.
Curtin, 1947
Beverage. Tonic. Kidneys: good for kidneys. Bedwetting: use to cure.
209. Crisantemo
New MexicoSpanish
Shulman and Smith, 1962
Chrysanthemum indicum L.
New MexicoSpanish
208. Crisanta
Thelesperma sp.? wild tea [aster family]
I-'
V1
--:]
Dye: use infusion of bark of root to dye leather brownish-red Stomach pains: chew leaves with salt, take swallow of water Rheumatic pains: use to bathe afflicted area
Kearney and Peebles, 1964 Havard, 1885
Curtin, 1947
Shulman and Smith, 1962
New Mexico
New MexicoSpanish New MexicoSpanish
Krameria grayi Rose and Painter K. Canescens Gray
Atriplex canescens Pursh
Chrysothamnus sp.? (rabbit brush)
217. Chamiso
218. Chamiso amarillo
216. Chacate
ArizonaPapago
Sore eyes: use infusion of twigs. Dye: use roots
Retarded menstruation: boil in water and take with another item (unidentified)
Boil
Skin rash (from high blood pressure): boil bark in water, cool, strain, add soda and salt, use for sponge bath
plants Tejocote
Use e.g., Itamo and
Krameria sp.
215. Culantro see Cilantro
Lundell, 1934
San Lu:!s Potos£-Charcas
Adiantum capillus-veneris L.
s-v
Lundell, 1934
Nueva LeonMonterey
Adiantum capillus-veneris L, s... v
214. Culantrillo
Curtin, 1947
Reference
New MexicoSpanish
Location
Juniperus sp.
JSotanical Name
213. Cuipa de Sabina
Spanish Name
~ (}\
Adenostema sparsifolium
Artemisia tr'identata Nutt. A. Bigelovii Gray
221. Chamiso Colorado
222. Chamiso Hediondo
Curtin, 1947
Shulman and Smith, 1962
New MexicoSpanish
Curtin, 1947
Baja California-· Owen, 1963 Paipai
New MexicoSpanish
New MexicoSpanish
Chrysothamnus sp.? [rabbit brush]
Chrysothamnus graveolens (Nutt.) Greene
New MexicoSpanish
Chrysothamnus graveolens, Nutt. Curtin, 1947
Baja California- Owen, 1963 Paipai
Atriplex canescens
220. Chamiso Cimarron
219. Chamiso Blanco
Colds and high fever: boil plant and use to bathe. Stomach pains: crush fresh leaves, strain, drink in warm water. Hemorrhaging: take tea of leaves and use also to bathe wounds (especially Penitentes). Rheumatism and Croup and
Toothache: use tea of green leaves for mouthwash
Fever: take as tea. Dye: use flowers to make yellow dye.
Rheumatic pains: use to bathe afflicted parts
Fever: take as tea. Dye: use flowers to make yellow dye.
Skin eruptions: for recipe see Yerba Santa. Deep pains in bones or muscles: burn fruit and place on sore places.
1-'
-.] -.]
Ear ailments: use blossom as cotton to place in ear to collect draining pus Medicinal herb
Kelly, 1965
Lundell, 1934
CoahuilaTorre6n Nueva LeonMonterrey
Acacia constricta Bent h.
unidentified
227. Charrsasquilla
Rheumatism or backache: apply poultice of ground seeds and fat
226. Chaparro Prieto
ChihuahuaTarahumar
Pennington, 1963b
Rhynchosia pyramidalis
Bedbugs: repellent. Eye (foreign particle in): place seed in eye to help remove particle. Stomach trouble: chew leaves or take decoction. Colic: boil in water with a little Cal (lime).
Curtin, 1947
225. Chante Pusi
New MexicoSpanish
Rheumatic pains: use tea
Indigestion and flatulence:chew and swallow leaves
Use chest cold pains: drink and bathe in strong tea of leaves. Influenza: take tea with brandy as part of treatment.
Salvia reflexa Hornem.
Shulman and Smith, 1962
Robbins, et al., 1916
Reference
224. Chan (Ch:Ca)
New MexicoSpanish
New MexicoTewa area
Location
Chrysothamnus ~.? [dark rabbit brush]
A. tridentata Nutt.
Botanical· Name
223. Chamiso Pardo
(see Estafiate)
Spanish Name
CD
~
232. Chichiquelita
231. Chicascle (see Flor de Chicascle)
230. Chicalote
Arizona-Pima
Arizona-Pima Arizona
S. hispanica
Argemone sp .
Food: use seeds to make pinole and a drink. Poultices: use seeds
Kearney and Peebles, 1964
Food: eat as greens Curtin, 1947
Chenopodium sp.
Arizona-Pima
Pennington, 1963a
ChihuahuaTepehuan
~·
nigrum
Vermifuge: use leaves to make strong tea. Sores (from worms) on men or animals: make lotion from leaves, Pennington, 1963a
ChihuahuaTepehuan
Kearney and Peebles, 1964
Kearney and Peebles, 1964
see Chan
Curtin, 1947
White, 1941
"Loosening of the female organs", a disease of pregnancy: take tea to "fix placenta"
Solanum podiflo rum
Salvia -Hornem.
S. columbariae
New MexicoSpanish New MexicoSpanish
Salvia sp.
229. Ch!a
Valley of Redfield, 1928 Mexico-Tepotzlan Field, 1953
reflexa
Selaginella cuspidata Spreng.
228. Chayotillo
I~
-:)
'V
Cold or pneumonia: split, boiled, place on back to· cause sweating. Stomach: good for stomach. Tuberculosis: eat to prevent. Blood: good for the blood. Shulman and Smith, 1962
New MexicoSpanish
Capsicum annuum
236. Chile (chili)
Menstrual pain and hemorrhage: crush and boil roots, strain, cool outside overnight, take at breakfast Curtin, 1947
Arizona-Pima
F. ambrosioides Cav.
Heart trouble: boil flowers until water is yellow; let stand outside overnight; take before breakfast each morning for a month. Blood purification: eat greens raw or cooked with vinegar or make wine and drink
Food: eat fruit raw or in stews
Use Purgative: use leaves to prepare tea along with 2 other plants
Parturition: if difficult take tea made from leaves
ChihuahuaTepehuan
Franseria sp.
235. Ch:lcura
Curtin, 1947
Curtin, 1947
Reference Pennington, 1963b
Pennington, 1963a
New MexicoSpanish
Taraxacum officinale Web-.-
234. Chicoria
New MexicoSpanish
Location ChihuahuaTarahumar
Lycium pallidum Miers
Botanical Name unidentified
233. Chico
Spanish Name
I-'
CXl 0
241. Chillipiquin
(Chilillo)
Piles: rub sore area with milky fluid from stalk Food: use as condiment. Local stimulant: use berries.
Tidestrom and Kittell, 1941 Madsen, 1965 Kearney and Peebles, 1964
New Mexico Valley of Mexico-Tepepan Arizona
Polygonum hydropiper
Polygonum hydropiperoides
Capsicum baccatum L.
see Calabazilla
Intestinal disorders: toast, grind ,red beans, mix with water, take a little as an emetic. Toothache: use crushed beans.
Curtin, 1947
Pennington, 1963b
Purgative: use seeds in small amounts
Sunburn: crush plant, add water, and wash skin to bleach. Food: eat young leaves as greens.
Food: use in cooking
New MexicoSpanish
240. Chilille
ChihuahuaTarahumar
Erythrina flabelliformis
Cucurbita foetidissima H.~
ChihuahuaTepehuan
Erythrina flabelliformis Kearney
239. Chilicoyote
Kearney and Peebles, 1964
Arizona
Erythrina flabelliformis Kearney
238. Chilicote (Colodn) Pennington, 1963a
Curtin, 1947
New MexicoSpanish
Whiting, 1934
Amaranthus blitoides S. Wats.
San Luis Potosi-Charcas
237. Chile Puerco
Capsicum annuum C. frutescens-t'".
b; 1-'
Stomachache: chew leaves (3). Food: eat roots raw; use leaves to flavor beans and dried peas (3). Stomachache: use. Flatulence: use as flavoring for peas and beans to prevent gas
Ford, 1966
Shulman and Smith, 1962
New MexicoSpanish
New MexicoSpanish
Cymopterus purpureus S. Wats.
_Cymopterus sp. ? !Indian parsley]
Food: eat raw. Vermifuge: boil leaves in water and take. Curtin, 1947
New MexicoSpanish
Oxalis violacea --
245. Chocoyle (Jocoyol) (Socoyol)
1.
Gum: chew small yellow balls Curtin, 1947
New MexicoSpanish
Lygodesmia juncea Pursh
244. Chiquete de Embarafiada (Chicote Embarafiada)
Food: eat roots raw; use leaves for seasoning. Debility and stomach trouble: boil dry leaves and flowers and drink tea 3 times a day.
Curtin, 1947
New MexicoSpanish
Use Food: use to make sauce and relish. Curing ceremony: for fields, animals, and death ceremony
Aulospermum purpur~ eum S. Wats.
Reference Bennett and Zingg, 1935
243. Chimaj a
Location ChihuahuaTarahumar
Botanical Name Capsicum annuum C. frutescens
Spanish Name 242. Chiltipiqu!n
I-' OJ 1\)
ChihuahuaTarahumar
Ligusticum Porteri
251. Cuscuta
250. Chup6n
249. Chuchupostle (Angelica)
(see also Osha)
Urination (to stimulate): take as tea Fever: take as tea Bites (insect): boil and drink or burn in old yucca flower stalk to fumigate bites and
Pennington, 1963a Pennington, 1963a Curtin, 1947
ChihuahuaTepehuan ChihuahuaTepehuan New MexicoSanto Domingo
unidentified
Cuscuta curta Engelmann
Stomach ailments, rheumatism, body sores, and animal bites: take infusion of root.
Rheumatism: boil crushed roots and use as wash. Stomach disorders: use tea made from crushed roots and leaves,
See Osha
Purgative: boil and drink decoction
Riley and Trujillo, 1956
Pennington, 1963b
Curtin, 1947
Zingg, 1932
Food: eat seeds as pinole
Diarrhea: make tea of root and another item
Castilleja sp.
ChihuahuaParral
New MexicoSpanish
Ligusticum Porteri C.and R.
248. Chuchupate
(Chuchufate)
ChihuahuaChihuahua
Baja California- Meigs, 1939 Kiliwa
Opuntia sp.
Erigonum tenellum Torr.
Baja California- Owen, 1963 Paipai
Opuntia parryi Engelm.
247. Chuchaca
246. Cho1la
(X)
I-'
w
Serjania mexicana
255. Diente de Vibora
ChihuahuaTarahumar
Bennett and Zingg, 1935
Pennington, 1963b
Robbins, et al., 1916
New MexicoSpanish
Y. baccata ChihuahuaTarahumar
Curtin, 1947
Kelly, 1965
New MexicoSpanish
CoahuilaTorreon
Heliotropium Greggii Torr.
Zingg, 1932
Rose, 1899
Reference
Yucca sp.
ChihuahuaChihuahua
Chrysactinia mexicana Gray
Serjania mexicana
natn
West Mexico
Location
Turnera humifusa (Presl ) Endlich
Botanical Name
254. Diente de Culebra
253.
252. Damiana
Spanish Name
Pain and rheumatism: remove prickles, cut stem in half, and place next to skin and/or on affected areas
Bruises, sprains, fractures: crush stems and use for poultice. Fertility: bruise white flowers and stems to make tea; take until conception occurs
see Amole
see Amole
Infertility:use in decoction with other items to "heat" womb
~regnancy: boil and drink tea as aid during pregnancy
Stomach and intestinal pains: take as tea
reduce irritation.
Use
_j:-
I-' OJ
Rudbeckia laciniata L.
257. Dormilon
Shulman and Smith, 1962 Lundell, 1934 Curtin, 1947
New MexicoSpanish Nueva LeonMonterrey New MexicoSpanish
Rudbeckia sp.? or Ratibida sp. [cone flower]
Pterocarpus acapulcensis Rose
Prunus persica
258. Drago
259. Durazno
Curtin, 1947
Purge: use flowers. Fever: boil bark and take tea hot or cold. Asthma: take tea made from leaves. Menstrual troubles: use tea as douche.
unspecified "remedy"
Diuretic: take as tea. Toothache: mash green leaves and place on gums and cheek.
Cold congestion: crush wet roots or grind dry ones and take with cold water 3 times a day. Female trouble.
Curtin, 1947
New MexicoSpanish
New MexicoSpanish
Gonorrhea: take strong tea made from leaves each morning. Emmenagogue: same as above, for 9 days.
Curtin, 1947
Fever: boil leaves and take tea
New MexicoSpanish
Redfield, 1928 Valley of Mexico-Tepotzlan
Verbena macdougalii Heller
Rudbeckia tagetes James
Ricinus communis L.
256. Digerillo
f-' (X)
\.J1
Curtin, 1947
Tidestrom and Kittell, 1941 Cur.tin, 1947
New MexicoSpanish
New Mexico New MexicoSpanish
Durango-Llano Grande near La Ferreria
Lepachys tagetes A. Gray
Quercus sp.
Quercus fendleri Liebm.
unidentified
261. Embarrafiada (Yerba de la Tusa)
262. Encina
263. Encinillo
Riley and Trujillo, 1956
Whiting, 1934
San Lu:!s Potos:!-Charcas
Ficus carica ------L.
Shulman and Smith, 1962
Whiting, 1934
260. Egara
San Lu:!s Potos:!-Charcas
unidentified
Reference Shulman and Smith; 1962
New MexicoSpanish
Location New MexicoSpanish
Botanical Name Prunus persica
Prunus persica?
(Durazno, Oja de)
Spanish Name
Hair dandruff and lice: boil leaves in water and use as rinse after shampoo
Blood (to give strenth): make tea of leaves and drink warm. Anemia: drink tea cold.
Toothache: apply powdered root. Red pustules boil in water and use to bathe. Rheumatism: same as above
Food: eat fruit
"Cancer" sores: bathe sores with peach water
Food: eat fruit
Use Fever. Infection: "good for combatting infection."
1-'
0\
co
Liniment: steep and use. Tea: steep and use Shulman and Smith, 1962 New MexicoSpanish
Gutierrezia Sarothrae
(see also Collalle)
Excessive menstruation: dry flowers, grind, and insert vaginally (3)
See Collalle
Ford, 1966
New MexicoSpanish
Opuntia sp.
Diuretic: make tea from flowers. Hair tonic: decoct from roots.
Curtin, 194 7 Ford, 1966
Curtin, 1947
New MexicoSpanish
OEuntia arborescens Eng elm.
Loose teeth
New MexicoSpanish
Lundell, 1934
Nueva LeonMonterrey
Quercus sp.
Felon on thumb: bathe in tepid tea made from bark. Sores and external cancers: boil branches apply lukewarm lotion, sprinkle with powdered bark and bandage. Malaria: boil bark, place outside overnight, drink in morning. Diarrhea: same as for malaria.
Food: boil and drink with sugar as a cordial when "one cannot drink coffee"
Gutierrezia Sarothrae
Curtin; 1947
Zingg, 1932
New MexicoSpanish
ChihuahuaChihuahua
Quercus gambelii Nutt.
Croton monanthogynus Michx.
267. Escoba de la V:!bora
266. Epazote (see Pazote)
(Flor de Entrana)
265. Entrana
264. Encino
(Enciriilla)
():)
r-'
-----1
Kidney and urinary troubles. Pains in shoulders. Fevers: boil leaves and take as purgative Fever: make tea from leaves and stems
Pennington, 1963a Riley and Trujillo, 1956 Lundell and White, 1934
ChihuahuaTepehuan ChihuahuaTepehuan Durango-Rio Grande near La Ferreria San Lu!s Potos:f-Charcas
Redfield, 1928 Valley of Mexico-Tepotzlan Western Mexico
unidentified
unidentified
?Loeselia sp.
Ipomea sp.
Loeselia mexi-
269. Esconcionera
270. Espadafia
271. Espanita
272. Espanto Vaquero
273. Espinoncillo
L. coccinea Don
can~ (Lam~rand
Pimples on face: boil in water and use as wash
Pennington, 1963a
San Luis Potos:f-Charcas
Buddleia scordioides
Rose, 1899
Lundell, 1934
Fever: make tea
Stomach cramps: use roots to make strong tea
Constipation and bad stomach
Stomach trouble: boil in water
(Escobillo Savilla)
Whiting, 1934
San Lu:fs Potos:f-Charcas
Indigestion and empacho: boil in water
Use
Buddleia scordioides H.B.K.
Whiting, 1934
Reference
(Escobillo)
Location San Lu:fs Potos:f-Charcas
Botanical Name
Buddleia scordioides H.B.K.
268. Escobilla
Spanish Name
()) ())
r'
San Luis Potosi-Charcas New MexicoSpanish New MexicoSpanish
A. ludoviciana Nutt.
Artemisia sp.
Artemisia sp. [Rocky Mt. sage]
(Istafiate)
ChihuahuaChihuahua
A. ludoviciana Nutt. ssp. mexicana (Willd. ) Keck
(Istafiate)
New Mexico
Artemisia frigida Willd.
New MexicoSpanish
Artemisia frigida Willd.
New MexicoSpanish
New MexicoSpanish
mexi~
Artemisia tridentata
Artemisia Willd.
(Estafiata)
274. Estafiate (Ajenjo, Istafiate)
Shulman and Smith, 1962
White, 1941
Lundell, 1934
Zingg, 1932
Wooton and Standley, 1915
Jones, 1931
Robbins, et al., 1916
Curtin, 1947
Stomachache: take tea. Witches.
Food: toast and powder and give to babies with breast milk
Colic: give decoction to children
Stomach disorders: take infusion
Indigestion; flatulenc~, cough: see Chamiso Hediondo
Diarrhea and vomiting: make tea and give to babies as a purge. Stomachache: drink tea. Cough: mash plant with water, place in a rag and give to children to suck. Rheumatism: make solution for bathing.
t--'
():)
\0
Spanish Name
Stomach upset:(child) grind stems, leaves and flowers, mix with milk and give; (adult) take as tea before meals and at night. Stomach upset: use leaves to make tea. Inflammations: crush leaves for poultice. Diarrhea: heat whole plant and sit on it. Fright Stomachaches: boil with milk, cool and drink liquid before breakfast. Children upset by mother's milk: boil
Riley and Trujillo, 1956
Pennington, 1963a
Whiting, 1934 Riley and Trujillo, 1956
ChihuahuaJuarez DurangoDurango
ChihuahuaTepehuan
San Lu:fs Potos:C-Charcas Durango-Llano Grande near La Ferreria
Artemisia sp.
Franseria acanthicarpa
unidentified
unidentified
Ford and Ford, 1965
Stomachache: take as tea (3)
Artemisia sp.
Ford, 1966
New MexicoSpanish
Menstrual cramping and diarrhea: see Coll~lle for recipe
Use
Artemisia sp.
Marquez, 1964
Reference
New MexicoSpanish
Location
Artemisia sp.
Botanical Name
1-' \0 0
Curtin, 1947
Whiting, 1934
New MexicoTaos Pueblo
San Lu:!s Potosf-Charcas Nueva LeonMonterrey
Echinocystis lobata Torr. and Gray
Asphodelus fistulosus L.
Eucaluptus sp.
278. Estrella del Norte
unidentified 280. Flor de / Alquitr~n (see Alquitran)
Lundell, 1934
Tidestrom and Kittell, 1941
New Mexico
Milla biflora Cav.
277. Estrella
279. Eucalita
Curtin, 1947
New MexicoSpanish
Datura sp.
276. Estramonio
Pennington, 1963b
ChihuahuaTarahumar
Riley and Trujillo, 1956
unidentified
Durango-San Pedro across river from La Ferreria
275. Estafiate Prieto
unidentified
Cough: use with other herbs
Rheumatism: bake green fruit, split open and bind on afflicted members.
See Toloache
Intestinal upsets: use roots and stems along with 2 other unidentified plants and decoct
Ulcers: boil leaves and take liquid each night for 5 days
crumbled leaves with milk and crumbled egg shell; cool and feed to child
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Bougainvillea sEectabilis
CaesalEinia Eulcherrima (L.) Swartz
283. Flor de Bougainbilla
284. Flor de Camaron
San Lu:fs Potos:f-Charcas
Redfield, 1928 Valley of Mexico-Tepotzlan
Rosa sp.
Wigandia kunthii Choisy
287. Flor de Chicascle
Lundell, 1934
Valley of Redfield, 1928 Mexico-Tepotzlan
Lundell, 1934
Riley and Trujillo, 1956
Lundell, 1934
Reference
286. Flor de Castilla
285. Flor de Cardo Santo (see Carda Santo)
ChihuahuaParral
unidentified
282. Flor de Baraca
San Lu:fs Potos:f-Charcas
Nueva LeonMonterrey
Hibiscus syriacus
281. Flor Altea
Location
Botanical Name
Spanish Name
Abdominal pains: boil ground leaves and take
Enema: boil and use
Whooping cough: see Cabellito de Angel. Cough: boil with Flor de Molenillo (Malvaviscus) and armadillo shell
Cough: drink in water
Coughs, colds, fevers: boil flowers, stems and leaves, and take every 2 hours for 3 days. (may combine with Cafia Fistula for remedy fot bad bronchial cough with fever)
Cough
Use
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Solanum madrense Fernald
Sanvitalia ocymoides
unidentified
Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.) Swingle
Malvaviscus conzattii Greenm.
Tagetes erecta L.
Cordia boissieri
Solanum fontanesianum Dunal
288. Flor de Clamaclancle
289. Flor de un Dia
290. Flor de Jamica
291. Flor de Limon
292. Flor de Molenillo
293. Flor de Muerto
294. Flor de Nacahuila
295. Flor de Nacahuite
White, 1941
Lundell, 1934
Lundell, 1934
Zingg, 1932
Valley of Redfield, 1928 Mexico-Tepotzlan
Nueva LeonMonterrey
ChihuahuaChihuahua
Valley of Redfield, 1928 Mexico-Tepotzlan
Valley of Redfield, 1928 Mexico-Tepotzlan
New MexicoSpanish
San Lufs Potosf-Charcas
Valley of Redfield, 1·928 Mexico-Tepotzlan
Cough: boil plant and drink tea. Restlessness during fevers: boil with Hinojo (Anethum), Flor de Tilia (Tilia), la Peonia (Peonia), Flor de
Diarrhea: take decoction
Cough: for recipe see Flor de Camaron
Fretfulness (la mohina): treat anger and illtemper with warm drinks, e.g. lime flowers made into tea and sweetened
Vomiting in nursing baby: boil, mix with alcohol, give to mother to drink and to wash breasts
infusion
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\D
(Flor de la Pefia)
Selaginella cuspidata
299. Flor de Pefia
Colic and indigestion. Food: use to sweeten tesguino. Bilis: use in related complications; one item in a tea Colic and indigestion
Bennett and Zingg, 1935 Kelly, 1965
Zingg, 1932
ChihuahuaTarahumar CoahuilaTorreon ChihuahuaChihuahua
Selaginella ?cuspidata Link
Selaginella sp.
Chest cough: use with other items in tea
CoahuilaTorreon
Nymphaea ?ampla DC
298. Flor de la Paz
Kelly, 1965
Cough
Lundell, 1934
San Luis Potosi-Charcas
Yucca sp.
Nerves and heart condition: take as tea twice daily Colds: drink decoction made from flowers
Riley and Trujillo, 1956
Insomnia: boil flowers, sweeten, take before going to bed
Manita, nutmeg, cinnamon, and magnesia powder
Use
Zingg, 1932
DurangoDurango
unidentified
Riley and Trujillo, 1956
Reference
ChihuahuaChihuahua
ChihuahuaParral
Location
unidentified [orange tree] Citris sp.
Botanical Name
Yucca sp.
297. Flor de Palma (also called Palma Chino)
296. Flor de Naranja (see also Azahar)
Spanish Name
I~
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Curtin, 1947
Anogra runcinata (Engelm.) Woot. and Standl.
302. Flor de San Juan New MexicoSpanish
Redfield, 1928 Valley of Mexico-Tepotzlan Field, 1953
Laelia sp.
301. Flor de San Diego
Pennington, 1963a
ChihuahuaTepehuan
Lundell, 1934
Parmelia reticulata
San Lu:!s Potos:!-Charcas
300, Flor de Piedra
Selaginella sp.
Kidney trouble: boil flowers in water, add sugar and drink. Inflamed throat and/or tonsil trouble: make fresh flowers into paste, spread between 2 pieces of cloth, place on throat as a counterirritant. Freckles: to "cure," rub petals on skin.
Prevention of abortion when pregnant woman cannot satisfy a food craving. See Azucena.
Venereal disease and kidney ailments: make tea, leave outside overnight, drink
1-'
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Cough: herbs Cough
Fever, Paralysis, food: see Capu1!n Silvestre
Lundell, 1934 Lundell, 1934 Curtin, 1947
New MexicoSpanish
Nueva LeonMonterrey CoahuilaSaltillo New MexicoSpanish
Castilleja integra A. Gray C. lineariaefolia
Sambucus mexicana Presl
Sambucus mexicana Presl
Sambucus mexicana Presl
303. Flor de Santa Rita
304. Flor Sauco
(Flor de Saugua)
(Flor de Sauz)
Curtin, 1947
use with other
Diuretic: take sweetened tea every 2-3 hours. Inflammation of skin and leprosy: for recipe see Cana Agria.
Toothache: boil flowers, cool, use to rinse mouth
Riley and Trujillo, 1956
Durango-Llano Grande near La Ferreria
unidentified
Clearing the sight: use blossom to make decoction to drop in eye
Kelly, 1965
CoahuilaTorreon
Use
Macrosiphonia lanuginosa (Mart. and Gal.) Hemsl.
Reference
Location
Botanical Name
Spanish Name
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