Islamic Coins and Their Values: Volume 2 - The Early Modern Period 9781907427626, 1907427627

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ISLAMIC COINS AND THEIR VALUES 2 2017

ISLAMIC COINS AND THEIR VALUES VOLUME 2: THE EARLY MODERN PERIOD TIM WILKES

IslamIc coIns & TheIr Values Volume 2 The Early Modern Period

IslamIc coIns & TheIr Values Volume 2 The Early Modern Period By TIm WIlkes

First Edition

SPINK London 2017

Islamic Coins & Their Values Volume 2 First published 2017 © Spink & Son Ltd. 69 Southampton Row, Bloomsbury London, WC1B 4ET www.spink.com The contents of this catalogue, including the numbering system and illustrations, are protected by copyright. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of Spink & Son Ltd. ISBN 978-1-907427-62-6 Typeset by Design to Print UK Ltd., 9 & 10 Riverview Business Park, Forest Row, East Sussex RH18 5FS www.designtoprintuk.com Printed and bound in Malta by Gutenberg Press Ltd

CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................... vii CATALOGUE

NORTH AFRICA ................................................................................... 1 ARABIAN PENINSULA & EAST AFRICA ........................................ 8 OTTOMAN .......................................................................................... 11 IRAN, THE CAUCASUS, & CRIMEA .............................................. 59 AFGHANISTAN & CENTRAL ASIA ................................................ 86 INDIA ................................................................................................. 109 ASIA ................................................................................................... 129

APPENDIX I – Islamic Mints and Numbers ............................................. 134 APPENDIX II – Islamic Names ............................................................... 135 APPENDIX III – Image Credits ............................................................... 136 GENERAL INDEX ................................................................................... 142

INTRODUCTION The world of Islamic coins has always been a somewhat neglected area of collecting. This is a shame, because Islamic coins offer much to interest the collector. The amount of historical information found on an Islamic coin is often greater than that found on a contemporary European coin; since most Islamic coins do not depict images, there is more room for text. Many Islamic coins are aesthetically pleasing due to the artistry of the calligraphy and the styles and designs used. Many Islamic coins of the period covered by this volume were struck in large quantities and are relatively inexpensive today; consequently it is possible to build a wide-ranging representative collection even on a limited budget.

Scope of this volume

This volume covers the period from the the 10th century AH / 16th century AD up to the introduction of modern machine-made coinage in the 13th century AH / 19th century AD; the timing of this varied across the Islamic world, from the 1830s and 1840s AD in the Ottoman Empire to the 1870s in Iran, 1880s in Morocco and 1890s in Afghanistan, so I have not imposed an arbitrary cut-off date for this volume. Obviously 300 years of coinage from an area stretching from Morocco to Southeast Asia is an enormous subject which cannot be covered in great detail in a single volume, so some omission and simplification was inevitable. This book is intended to serve as an introductory guide; suggestions for further reading are given at the beginning of each section.

How to use this guide

The prices given in this book are for coins in very fine (VF) condition. The prices given are for coins where both the mint and date (when present) are visible; coins with illegible mints and/or dates will usually be worth less. The price given is for the most common mint and date combination within each type; rare mints and dates may be worth significantly more. All the dates in this book are given in the Hijri (AH) calendar, signified by the letter h after the date.

Further reading -

-

Plant, R., Arabic Coins and How to Read Them, London, 1973 Broome, M., A Handbook of Islamic Coins, London 1985 (reprinted 2006 Album, S., A Checklist of Islamic Coins, 3rd ed., Santa Rosa, 2011. This is an essential reference for any serious collector; it contains a wealth of information, both about the coins and their historical background. Other works are cited at the beginning of each chapter and in the dynasty listings.

Acknowledgements

Thanks are due to the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford, for the use of images of coins in their collection, and to all the auction houses who generously provided images (see Appendix III for a full list of image credits). Thanks are also due to Emma Howard of Spink for her help with the preparation of this volume, to Heather Dewhurst for the layout and paging, and once again to Stephen Lloyd of Morton & Eden Ltd for proofreading the text and for many valuable suggestions, to Matt Curtis for doing more than his fair share of running our business while I was working on this book, and to my wife Lucy for all her help and support. Tim Wilkes

caTaloGue

NORTH AFRICA The 10th century AH saw the establishment of the Sa‘dian kingdom of Morocco and the gradual conquest of the remainder of the Maghreb by the Ottomans (Ottoman coins of this region are listed in the Ottoman section of this book). The second half of the 11th century AH saw the collapse of the Sa‘dian dynasty and the beginning of that of the ‘Alawi Sharifs, who continue to rule Morocco today.

SA‘DIAN SHARIFS Brethes, J.D., Contribution à l’Histoire du Maroc par les Recherches Numismatiques, Casablanca, 1939. 3000 3001 3002

Abu ‘Abd Allah Muhammad II al-Shaykh (923-964h), AV Dinar - AR square Dirham - AR square ½-Dirham

VF $2500 $100 $100

3003 3004

3003 Abu Muhammad ‘Abd Allah al-Ghalib (965-981h), AV Dinar - AV ½-Dinar

$1500 $800

3005 3006 3007 3008 3009 3010 3011 3012

3005 - AR Dirham Abu ‘Abd Allah Muhammad III (981-983h), AV Dinar - AV ½-Dinar - AR Dirham - AR ½-Dirham Abu Marwan ‘Abd al-Malik I (983-986h), AV Dinar - AR ½-Dirham Abu’l-‘Abbas Ahmad I (986-1012h), AV Double-Dinar

3013

- AV Dinar

3013

$75 $2500 $800 $100 $75 $3000 $150 Extremely rare

$800

2

NORTH AFRICA VF $500

3014

- AV ½-Dinar

3015 3016

3015 - AR Dirham Abu Faris ‘Abd Allah al-Wathiq (1012-1017h), AV Double-Dinar

3017 3018

3017 - AV Dinar Muhammad al-Shaykh al-Ma’mun (1012-1022h), AV Dinar

$2000 $2500

3019

3019 Zaydan al-Nasir (1012-1037h), AV Dinar

$1500

3020 3021 3022

3020 - AR Dirham - Æ Fals ‘Abd Allah al-Ghalib (1021-1033h), AR Dirham

3023

3023 Abu’l-‘Abbas al-Mahdi, rebel (c.1021-1022h), AV Dinar

$50 Extremely rare

$100 $90 $60

$3000

NORTH AFRICA 3024 3025

‘Abd al-Malik al-Mu‘tasim (1033-1036h), AR Dirham Abu’l-‘Abbas Ahmad III (c.1037-1038h), AR Dirham

3026

3026 Abu Marwan ‘Abd al-Malik II (1037-1040h), AV Dinar

3027 3028 3029

- AR Dirham al-Walid (1040-1045h), AV Dinar - AR Dirham

3030 3031 3032

3030 Muhammad al-Shaykh al-Saghir (1045-1064h), AV Dinar Abu’l-‘Abbas Ahmad IV (1064-1069h), AR Dirham ‘Abd al-Karim (1069-?), AR Dirham

3027

3 VF $90 $75

$2000

$75 $2000 $60

$2000 $120 $120

INTERREGNUM

3033

Anonymous, AR Dirham

3033

$75

4

NORTH AFRICA

‘ALAWI SHARIFS Eustache, D., Corpus des Monnaies ‘Alawites, 3 vols, Rabat, 1984

VF

3034 3035

3034 al-Rashid (1075-1082h), AR Muzuna - Æ Fals

$60 $150

3036

3036 temp. Isma‘il (1082-1139h), AV Bunduqi

$250

3037 3038

- AR Muzuna - Æ Fals

3039 3040 3041

3039 temp. Muhammad III (1171-1204h), AV Matbu’ Kabir - AV Bunduqi - AV Khumasi

3037

$40 $60

$10,000 $600 $300

NORTH AFRICA

3042

5

VF

3042 3043 3044

- AR Mithqal, Marrakesh & Rabat - AR Mithqal, Tetuan - AR ¼-Mithqal

$500 $2000 Extremely rare

3045 3046 3047 3048 3049 3050 3051 3052

3045 - AR Dirham - AR Muzuna - Æ Fals - Æ ½-Fals Muhammad al-Yazid (1204-1206h), AV ½-Bunduqi - AR Dirham - AR Muzuna Hisham (1205-1212h), AR Dirham

$30 $45 $50 $30 $400 $60 $75 $60

3053 3054 3055 3056 3057 3058 3059 3060 3061 3062 3063 3064 3065

3053 temp. Sulayman (1206-1238h), AV Bunduqi - AV ½-Bunduqi - AV ¼-Bunduqi - AR Dirham - AR Muzuna - Æ 4-Falus, cast - Æ 3-Falus, cast - Æ 2-Falus, cast - Æ Fals, cast - Æ ½-Fals - Æ ¼-Fals al-Husayn (1209-1212h), AR Dirham - Æ Fals

$400 $400 $350 $45 $50 $100 $50 $25 $20 $30 $40 $60 $100

6

NORTH AFRICA

3066 3067

3066 temp. ‘Abd al-Rahman (1238-1276h), AV Bunduqi - AV ½-Bunduqi

VF $200 $300

3068 3069 3070 3071 3072 3073 3074

3068 - AR Dirham - AR Muzuna - Æ 2-Falus, cast - Æ Fals, cast - Æ ½-Fals, cast temp. Muhammad IV (1276-1290h), AR Dirham - AR ½-Dirham

$35 $120 $15 $15 $60 $30 $30

3075

- AR Muzuna

3076 3077 3078

- Æ 4-Falus, cast - Æ 2-Falus, cast - Æ Fals, cast

3075

3076

$40

$15 $15 $15

NORTH AFRICA

7

ALGERIA

3079

3079 ‘Abd al-Qadir (1248-1264h), AR Budju

3080

- Æ 5-Akce

3080

VF Extremely rare

$60

ARABIAN PENINSULA & EAST AFRICA Most of the Arabian peninsula was under Ottoman control during the period covered by this volume; Ottoman coins of the region are included in the Ottoman listings. However, in the 17th century AD the Qasimids gradually took control of the Yemen from the Ottomans; their rule lasted until the mid-20th century AD. Apart from those of the Ottomans and Qasimids, the only other Arabian coins of this period are a few rare issues of local rulers and some anonymous copper coins. The Sultanate of Harar (in present-day Ethiopia) lasted for approximately 100 years and its rulers issued base-metal coins. Album, S., Sylloge of Islamic Coins in the Ashmolean, Volume 10: Arabia and East Africa, Oxford, 1999.

QASIMID

VF $50 $75

3081 3082

al-Mu’ayyad Muhammad I (1009-1054h), AR Buqsha al-Mutawakkil Isma‘il (1054-1087h), AR Khums Kabir

3083 3084 3085 3086 3087 3088 3089 3090 3091 3092

3083 - AR Buqsha - Æ Fals al-Mahdi Ahmad I (1087-1092h), AR Khamsiya - AR Buqsha Muhammad III, as al-Nasir (1098-1105h), AR heavy Dirham - AR Khamsiya - Æ Fals - Æ Dawari - as al-Hadi (1105-1109h), Æ Fals - - Æ Dawari

$40 $150 $60 $60 Extremely rare1 $75 $60 $75 $90 $75

3093 3094 3095 3096 3097

3093 - as al-Mahdi (1109-1130h), AR Dirham - - AR fractional Dirham al-Mutawakkil al-Qasim (1128-1139h), AR Khamsiya al-Mansur al-Husayn (1139-1161h), AR heavy Dirham - AR Kabir

$100 $45 $100 Extremely rare Extremely rare

1

Peus Auction 395, 7 May 2008, lot 757

ARABIAN PENINSULA & EAST AFRICA

3098 3099

3098 - AR Khamsiya al-Mahdi al-‘Abbas (1161-1189h), AR 2-Kabir

3100

- AR Kabir

3101 3102 3103

- AR Buqsha - AR Khamsiya - AR Harf

3104 3105 3106 3107 3108 3109 3110 3111

3104 al-Mansur ‘Ali I (1189-1224h), AR Kabir - AR Buqsha al-Mutawakkil Ahmad II (1224-1231h), AR Harf al-Mahdi ‘Abd Allah I (1231-1251h), AR Buqsha - AR Harf al-Hadi Muhammad IV (1256-1259h), BI Harf al-Mutawakkil Muhammad V (1261-1265h), BI Harf al-Mansur Hamid al-din (1307-1322h), BI Kabir

3100

3101

9

VF $75 $200

$45

$40 $35 $30

$50 $40 $45 $30 $25 $30 $45 $80

SULAYMANI SHARIFS 3112

temp. Hammud b. Muhammad (c.1217-1232h), BI Buqsha

$75

10

ARABIAN PENINSULA & EAST AFRICA

SHARIFS OF MECCA

3113

3114 3115 3116

3113 temp. Ghalib b. Masa‘id (1202-1228h), AR ⅙-Rupee

3114 - Æ Mahmudi temp. Yahya b. Surur (1228-1242h), Æ Mahmudi - Æ fractional Mahmudi

VF Extremely rare

$2000 $3000 $1000

LOCAL COPPER 3117 3118

Anonymous, Æ Fals, ‘Ar‘ar - Æ Fals, no mint

$200 $150

SULTANS OF HARAR 3119 3120 3121 3122 3123 3124

‘Abd al-Shakur (1197-1209h), Æ Fals Ahmad II (1209-1236h), Æ Mahallek ‘Abd al-Karim (1240-1250h), Æ Mahallek Abu Bakr II (1250-1268h), Æ Mahallek Muhammad b. ‘Ali (1272-1292h), Æ Mahallek ‘Abd Allah b. Muhammad (1302-1304h), Æ Mahallek

$100 $50 $50 $75 $50 $50

OTTOMAN The Ottoman Empire grew from small beginnings in Turkey to include Syria, the Jazira, Egypt, most of North Africa and the Arabian Peninsula, and at times parts of the Caucasus, Iraq, and Iran. For the early period (up to 1099h), coinage was struck at a large number of mints, and there were a relatively small number of denominations which did not vary too much from mint to mint. For the later period (from 1099h), coinage was restricted to a small number of mints but the number of different denominations was greatly increased and different mints, particularly those in North Africa, developed their own distinct coinages; consequently the coins of this period are listed by mint. Ottoman coins usually bear the accession date of the ruler rather than the date of issue (with the later addition of the regnal year); there are exceptions to this, notably much of the coinage of the North African mints. The main coinage of the later period was based on the unit of the Para, with the common silver denominations as follows: Yuzluk - 100 Para Kurush/Qirsh - 40 Para Zolta - 30 Para Many larger gold denominations were issued for presentation rather than circulation and are often found pierced. The prices given for these coins (marked with a *) are for pierced examples; examples which have not been pierced or mounted can be worth considerably more. Pere, N., Osmanlilarda Madeni Paralar, Istanbul, 1968 Uslu, K., Beyazit, M.F., & Kara, T., Ottoman Empire Coins, 1687-1839, Istanbul, 2010

3125

Orhan (724-763h), AR Akçe

3126 3127

Murad I (763-791h), AR Akçe - Æ Mangir

3128 3129

Bayazid I (791-805h), AR Akçe - Æ Mangir

3125

3126

3128

VF $50

$40 $40

$15 $40

12

OTTOMAN

VF

3130 3131 3132

3130 Suleyman Çelebi (805-813h), AR Akçe - Æ Mangir Mehmed Çelebi (806-816h), AR Akçe, citing Timur

3133 3134

- AR Akçe, without overlord - Æ Mangir

3135

Musa Çelebi (813-816h), AR Akçe

3136 3137 3138

3136 Mehmed I (816-824h), AR Akçe - Æ Mangir Mustafa Çelebi (c.822-825h), AR Akçe

$15 $40 $150

3139 3140

3139 Murad II, 1st reign (824-848h), AR Akçe - Æ Mangir

$10 $40

3141 3142

3141 Mehmed II, 1st reign (848-850h), AR Akçe - Æ Mangir

$10 $60

3143

3143 Murad II, 2nd reign (850-855h), AR Akçe

$15

3133

3135

$20 $75 $60

$20 $60

$100

OTTOMAN

13 VF $50

3144

- Æ Mangir

3145

3145 Mehmed II, 2nd reign (855-886h), AV Sultani

3146

- AR Onluk

3147 3148 3149

- AR Akçe - Æ Mangir Jem Sultan (886h), AR Akçe

3150

Bayazid II (886-918h), AV Sultani

3151 3152

- AR Akçe - Æ Mangir

3153

Selim I (918-926h), AV Sultani

3146

3147

3150

3151

3153

$1500

$3000

$10 $15 $2000

$1750

$10 $25

$1000

14

OTTOMAN

3154 3155

- AV Ashrafi - AR Maydin

3156 3157

- AR Akçe - Æ Mangir

3158 3159 3160 3161 3162

Suleyman I (926-974h), AV Sultani - AR Dirham - AR Maydin - AR Buqsha - AR ‘Uthmani

3163 3164 3165

- AR Akçe - AR square Nasri - Æ Mangir

3166 3167

Selim II (974-982h), AV Sultani - AV Dinar, Tilimsan

3168 3169

- AR Dirham - AR Maydin

VF $1750 $100

3156

3158

3163

3166

3168

$10 $30

$180 $35 $30 $100 $45

$10 $100 $15

$180 $3500

$50 $20

OTTOMAN

3170 3171 3172

- AR Akçe - AR square Nasri - Æ Mangir

3173

Murad III (982-1003h), AV Sultani

3174

- AV Dinar, Tilimsan

3175 3176

- AR Dirham - AR Maydin

3177 3178

- AR Akçe - Æ Mangir

3170

3173

3174

3175

3177

15

VF

$15 $150 $40

$180

$750

$45 $30

$10 $20

16

OTTOMAN

VF

3179

3179 Mehmed III (1003-1012h), AV Sultani

$200

3180 3181 3182 3183 3184

- AV Dinar, Tilimsan - AR Dirham - AR Maydin - AR Akçe - Æ Mangir

$750 $50 $30 $10 $20

3185 3186 3187 3188 3189 3190

Ahmed I (1012-1026h), AV Sultani - AR Para - AR Maydin - AR ‘Uthmani - AR Akçe - Æ Mangir

3191 3192

3191 Mustafa I, 1st reign (1026-1027h), AV Sultani - AR Maydin

$7500 $300

3193

3193 Osman II (1027-1031h), AV Sultani

$1000

3185

$250 $20 $20 $200 $10 $20

OTTOMAN

17

3194

VF $75 $40 $15 $50

3194 3195 3196 3197

- AR Onluk - AR Maydin - AR Akçe - Æ Mangir

3198 3199 3200 3201 3202 3203 3204 3205 3206 3207 3208

3198 Mustafa I, 2nd reign (1031-1032h), AV Sultani - AR Onluk - AR Maydin - AR Akçe Murad IV (1032-1049h), AV Sultani - AR Dirham - AR Onluk - AR Maydin - AR ‘Uthmani - AR Akçe - Æ Mangir

3209 3210 3211

Ibrahim (1049-1058h), AV Sultani - AR Dirham - AR Onluk

3212 3213 3214 3215

- AR Beshlik - AR Maydin - AR Akçe - Æ Mangir

3209

3212

$4500 $50 $75 $40 $300 $100 $60 $30 $150 $15 $50

$1000 $50 $75

$100 $45 $10 $30

18

OTTOMAN

VF

3216 3217 3218 3219 3220 3221 3222

3216 Mehmed IV (1058-1099h), AV Sultani - AR Dirham - AR Onluk - AR Beshlik - AR Maydin - AR Akçe - Æ Mangir

$400 $45 $100 $75 $15 $25 $45

3223 3224

3223 Anonymous, Venetian Zecchino with Ottoman countermark - Æ Mangir

$500 $20

3225

Suleyman II (1099-1102h) Qustantiniya: - AV Sultani

3226 3227 3228

- AR Kurush - AR ½-Kurush - AR Akçe

$4000

3226

$250 $1000 $200

OTTOMAN

3229

19

VF

3229

- Æ Mangir

$20

3230

Misr: - AV Sultani

$1000

3231

Trablus Gharb: - AV Sultani

$3000

3232

Bosna: - Æ Mangir

3233

Saray: - Æ Mangir

3234

Van: - Æ Mangir

3235

Ahmed II (1102-1106h) Qustantiniya: - AR Kurush

$100

3233 $50 $400

3235 $500

20

OTTOMAN

3236 3237 3238

- AR ½-Kurush - AR Akçe - Æ Mangir

3239

Misr: - AV Sultani

3240

Mustafa II (1106-1115h) Qustantiniya: - AV Ashrafi

3241

- AR Kurush

3236

VF

$750 $200 $120

3239 $750

3240 $300

3241

$60

OTTOMAN

3242

- AR ½-Kurush

3243 3244

Edirne: - AV Ashrafi - AR Kurush

3245

- AR ½-Kurush

3246 3247

Erzurum: - AR Kurush - AR ½-Kurush

3242

21

VF

$40

3243 $600 $150

3245

$200

3246 $500 $1200

22

OTTOMAN

3248 3249

Izmir: - AV Ashrafi - AR Kurush

3250

- AR ½-Kurush

3251

Urdu-i-Humayun: - AV Ashrafi

3252

Misr: - AV Sultani

3253

- AV Ashrafi

3254 3255

Trablus Gharb: - AR 5-Para - Æ Mangir

3256

Tunis: - Æ 3-Burbe

3248

VF $2500 $300

3250

$500

3251 $2500 $600

3253

$300 $150 $75 $50

OTTOMAN

3257 3258

Ahmed III (1115-1143h) Qustantiniya: - AV 5-Ashrafi* - AV 2-Ashrafi*

3259 3260 3261

- AV Ashrafi - AR Kurush - AR Zolta

3262 3263 3264 3265

- AR ½-Kurush - AR ½-Zolta - AR 10-Para - AR 5-Para

3266

- AR Para

3257

23

VF $7500 $2500

3259

3262

3266

$400 $50 $40

$50 $40 $100 $75

$15

24

OTTOMAN

3267

VF $20

3267

- AR Akçe

3268

Islambul: - AV Findik

3269 3270 3271

- AV ½-Findik - AV Zeri Mahbub - AV ½-Zeri Mahbub

3272

- AR Para

3273

Bidlis: - Æ Mangir

$200

3274

Van: - Æ Mangir

$200

3275 3276

Misr: - AV Findik - AV ½-Findik

3268 $180

3269

3272

$250 $500 $500

$15

3275 $200 $750

OTTOMAN

3277

25

VF $250 $20 $60

3277 3278 3279

- AV Ashrafi - AR Para - AR Akçe

3280

- Æ Mangir

3281

Revan: - AR Abbasi

3282

Tiflis: - AV Findik

3283

- AR Abbasi

3284

Ganja: - AR Abbasi

$1000

3285

Tabriz: - AV Findik

$5000

3280

$50 $400

3282 $5000

3283

$150

26

OTTOMAN

3286

VF

3286 3287

- AR Abbasi - AR ½-Abbasi

3288

Trablus Gharb: - Æ Mangir

$120

3289 3290

Tunis: - AV Sultani - AV ½-Sultani

$3000 $1500

3291 3292

- AR ¼-Riyal - AR Nasri

3293

Jaza’ir: - AV Sultani

3294

without mint: - Æ Fals, Arabian type

3295

Mahmud I (1143-1168h) Islambul: - AV 5-Findik*

3291

$250 $300

$200 $40 $2500 $200

3295 $1200

OTTOMAN

3296

- AV 3-Findik*

3297

- AV 1½-Findik*

3298 3299

- AV Findik - AV ½-Findik

3300 3301

- AV Zeri Mahbub - AV ½-Zeri Mahbub

3302 3303 3304

Qustantiniya: - AR Kurush - AR ½-Kurush - AR 10-Para

3296

3297

3298

3300

27

VF

$600

$400

$200 $250

$120 $120 $50 $40 $40

28

OTTOMAN

3305

VF $30 $10 $30

3305 3306 3307

- AR 5-Para - AR Para - AR Akçe

3308 3309 3310

Gumushane: - AR Kurush - AR ½-Kurush - AR 10-Para

3311

Bidlis: - Æ Mangir

$150

3312

Van: - Æ Mangir

$200

3313

Misr: - AV Findik

3314

- AV ½-Findik

3308 $1000 $500 $1200

3313 $200

3314

$400

OTTOMAN

3315

29

VF

3315 3316 3317 3318

- AV Zeri Mahbub - AV ½-Zeri Mahbub - AR Para - Æ Mangir

3319

Tiflis: - AR Abbasi

3320

Ganja: - AR Abbasi

$400

3321

Baghdad: - AR Abbasi

Extremely rare1

3322 3323

- AR ½-Abbasi - Æ Mangir

3324

Trablus Gharb: - AV Sultani

$1500

3325 3326 3327 3328 3329 3330 3331

Tunis: - AV Sultani - AV ½-Sultani - AR ¼-Riyal - AR ⅛-Riyal - AR Kharub - AR ½-Kharub - Æ Burbe

Extremely rare $1000 $60 $40 $20 $250 $150

1

$120 $400 $20 $50

3319 $750

3322

Baldwin’s Islamic Coin Auction 23, 6 December 2012, lot 436

$500 $200

30

OTTOMAN

3332

Jaza’ir: - AV Sultani

3333

- AV ½-Sultani

3334

- AV ¼-Sultani

3335

without mint: - Æ Fals, Arabian type

3336

Osman III (1168-1171h) Islambul: - AV 5-Findik*

3337 3338 3339 3340

- AV 3-Findik* - AV 1½-Findik* - AV Zeri Mahbub - AV ½-Zeri Mahbub

3341 3342 3343

Qustantiniya: - AR Kurush - AR ½-Kurush - AR 10-Para

3332

VF $1500

3333

3334

$600

$400 $200

$2000

3337

$750 $1000 $750 $500 $6000 $3000 $200

3344 3345

- AR 5-Para - AR Para

3346

- AR Akçe

3347 3348

Misr: - AV Zeri Mahbub - AR Para

3349 3350 3351 3352

Jaza’ir: - AV Sultani - AV ½-Sultani - AV ¼-Sultani ‘Ar‘ar: - Æ Fals

OTTOMAN

31

3344

VF

3346

$300 $30

$100

3347 $250 $50

3349 $1500 $1000 Extremely rare $300

32

OTTOMAN

3353

Mustafa III (1171-1187h) Islambul: - AV 3-Findik*

3354

- AV 1½-Findik*

3355 3356

- AV Findik - AV ½-Findik

3357 3358 3359

- AV Zeri Mahbub - AV ½-Zeri Mahbub - AR 2-Zolta

3353

VF $700

3354

3355

3357

$400

$200 $400

$120 $150 $40

OTTOMAN

3360 3361 3362 3363

- AR Kurush - AR Zolta - AR ½-Kurush - AR ½-Zolta

3364 3365 3366

- AR 10-Para - AR 5-Para - AR Para

3367

- AR Akçe

3368

Van: - Æ Mangir

3369 3370 3371 3372

Misr: - AV Zeri Mahbub - AV ½-Zeri Mahbub - AR Para - Æ Mangir

2

3360

3364

3367

33

VF

$30 $30 $200 Extremely rare2

$50 $40 $10

$25 $150

3369

Sultan Collection, Künker Auction 210, 18 June 2012, lot 1192

$120 $300 $20 $50

34

OTTOMAN VF

3373

Halab: - Æ Para

$250

3374

Baghdad: - Æ Para

$100

3375 3376

Trablus Gharb: - AV Sultani - Æ Mangir

3377 3378

Tunis: - AV Zeri Mahbub - AV ½-Zeri Mahbub

3379

- AR Riyal

3380 3381 3382

- AR Kharub - Æ Burbe - Æ Burben

3383

Jaza’ir: - AV Sultani

3384 3385 3386

- AV ½-Sultani - AV ¼-Sultani - AR ¼-Budju

$2500 $120

3377 $2000 $500

3379

3380

$120

$30 $30 $60 $2000

3384

$800 $500 $120

3387

- AR ⅛-Budju

OTTOMAN

35

3387

VF

3388

‘Ar‘ar: - Æ Fals

3389 3390 3391 3392

3389 ‘Ali Bey, rebel in Egypt (c.1182-1186h) Misr: - AV Zeri Mahbub - AV ½-Zeri Mahbub - AR Qirsh - AR Para

3393 3394 3395

Abdul Hamid I (1187-1203h) Islambul: - AV 5-Findik* - AV 3-Findik* - AV 2½-Findik*

$150

$200

$300 $1200 $4000 $75

3393 $3000 $1000 $750

36

OTTOMAN

3396

- AV 1½-Findik*

3397 3398

- AV Findik - AV ½-Findik

3399

- AV ¼-Findik

3400 3401

- AV Zeri Mahbub - AV ½-Zeri Mahbub

3402

Qustantiniya: - AR 2-Kurush

3396

3397

3399

3400

VF $300

$250 $600

$200

$150 $150

3402 $150

OTTOMAN 3403 3404

- AR 2-Zolta - AR Kurush

3405 3406

- AR Zolta - AR ½-Kurush

3407

- AR 10-Para

3408 3409 3410

- AR 5-Para - AR Para - AR Akçe

3411

Van: - Æ Mangir

3412 3413 3414

Misr: - AV Zeri Mahbub - AV ½-Zeri Mahbub - AR Para

37 VF $40 $30

3405

3407

3408

$60 $120

$50

$60 $10 $30 $300

3412 $150 $250 $25

38

OTTOMAN

3415

Trablus Gharb: - AV Zeri Mahbub

3416 3417

- AR 40-Para - AR 5-Para

3418

- Æ Mangir

3419

Tunis: - AV ½-Zeri Mahbub

3420

- AR Riyal

3415

VF $1500

3416

3418

$1000 $400

$75

3419 $800

3420

$120

OTTOMAN

39

3421 3422 3423

- AR ½-Riyal - Æ Burbe - Æ Burben

VF $150 $30 $50

3424 3425

Jaza’ir: - AV Sultani - AV ½-Sultani

$1200 $1200

3426

- AR ¼-Budju

3427

- AR ⅛-Budju

3428

Selim III (1203-1222h) Islambul: - AV 1½-Findik*

3429

- AV Findik

3430

- AV ½-Findik

3431

- AV ¼-Findik

3426

3427

$120

$180

$800

3429

3430

3431

$200

$1000

$75

40

OTTOMAN

3432 3433

- AV Zeri Mahbub - AV ½-Zeri Mahbub

3434 3435 3436 3437 3438

- AV ¼-Zeri Mahbub - AR Yuzluk - AR 2-Kurush - AR 2-Zolta - AR Kurush

3439 3440 3441 3442 3443

- AR ½-Kurush - AR 10-Para - AR 5-Para - AR Para - AR Akçe

3444

Van: - Æ Mangir

3445 3446 3447 3448 3449 3450

Misr: - AV Zeri Mahbub - AV ½-Zeri Mahbub - AR Qirsh - AR ½-Qirsh - AR Para - AR Akçe

3432

3434

3439

VF

$120 $150

$60 $40 $30 $150 $75

$150 $75 $50 $10 $25 $300 $200 $250 $250 $1000 $10 $40

3451 3452

Trablus Gharb: - AV Sultani - AR 100-Para

3453 3454

- AR 40-Para - AR 10-Para

3455

Tunis: - AR Riyal

3456 3457

- AR ½-Riyal - AR ¼-Riyal

OTTOMAN

41

3451

VF $1200 $1200

3453

$1500 $400

3455 $100

3456

$120 $500

42

OTTOMAN

3458 3459 3460

Jaza’ir: - AV Sultani - AV ½-Sultani - AV ¼-Sultani

3461

- AR ½-Budju

3462

- AR ¼-Budju

3463

- AR ⅛-Budju

3464

Mustafa IV (1222-1223h) Qustantiniya: - AV Findik

3458

VF $1000 Extremely rare $600

3461

3462

3463

$200

$75

$100

3464 $200

OTTOMAN

3465

- AV ¼-Findik

3466

- AV Zeri Mahbub

3467 3468

- AV ½-Zeri Mahbub - AR Yuzluk

3469

- AR 2-Kurush

3465

3466

3467

3469

43

VF

$100

$750

$750 $2500

$2500

44

OTTOMAN

3470

VF $1800

3470

- AR 2-Zolta

3471

- AR Kurush

3472 3473

- AR 10-Para - AR 5-Para

3474

- AR Para

3475 3476

Misr: - AV Zeri Mahbub - AR Para

3477

Trablus Gharb: - AR 30-Para

Extremely rare

3478

Tunis: - AR Riyal

Extremely rare

3479

Jaza’ir: - AV Sultani

3471

3472

$750

$200 $200 $75 $1000 $150

$3000

OTTOMAN

3480

- AR ¼-Budju

3481 3482

Mahmud II (1223-1255h) Qustantiniya gold: - AV Zeri Mahbub - AV ½-Zeri Mahbub

3483

- AV Rubiye

3484 3485 3486

- AV 2-Rumi - AV ½-Rumi - AV 2-Cedid Rumi

3487 3488

- AV Cedid Rumi - AV Adli

3480

45

VF $400

3481 $200 $500

3483

3484

3487

$40

$250 $150 $250

$120 $400

46

OTTOMAN

3489 3490

- AV ½-Adli - AV ¼-Adli

3491

- AV Cedid Adli

3492 3493 3494

- AV ½-Cedid Adli - AV ¼-Cedid Adli - AV 2-Hayriye

3495 3496 3497

- AV Hayriye - AV ½-Hayriye - AV Yeni Rubiye

3498 3499

- AV Mahmudiye - AV ½-Mahmudiye

3500

- AV ¼-Mahmudiye

3489

3491

3492

3495

3498

3500

VF $150 $150

$90

$50 $40 $250

$100 $70 $50

$80 $50

$40

OTTOMAN

3501

3501 Qustantiniya, 1st silver series (years 1-2): - AR Kurush

3502 3503 3504 3505

- AR 10-Para - AR 5-Para - AR Para - AR Akçe

3506

3506 Qustantiniya, 2nd silver series (years 3-14): - AR Kurush

3507 3508 3509 3510

- AR 10-Para - AR 5-Para - AR Para - AR Akçe

3502

3507

47

VF $800

$50 $70 $10 $20

$60

$40 $50 $5 $20

48

OTTOMAN

3511

3511 Qustantiniya, 3rd silver series (years 3-11): - AR 5-Kurush

3512 3513

- AR 2½-Kurush - AR Kurush

3514 3515

3514 Qustantiniya, 4th silver series (years 14-15): - AR 2-Kurush - AR Kurush

3516 3517 3518

- AR 10-Para - AR 5-Para - AR Para

3512

3516

VF $80

$250 $600

$150 $75

$40 $50 $5

OTTOMAN

49 VF

3519

Qustantiniya, 5th silver series (years 15-18): - AR 2-Kurush

3520 3521

- AR Kurush - AR 10-Para

3522 3523

- AR 5-Para - AR Para

3524 3525 3526

Qustantiniya, 6th silver series (years 16-21): - AR 2-Zolta - AR Zolta - AR Para

$30 $20 $5

3527 3528 3529

3527 Qustantiniya, 7th silver series (years 21-22): - AR Kurush - AR ½-Kurush - AR Akçe

$20 $15 $15

3530 3531 3532 3533

Qustantiniya, 8th silver series (years 21-26): - AR 5-Kurush - AR 2½-Kurush - AR Kurush - AR ½-Kurush

$25 $20 $15 $15

3520

3522

$75

$50 $40

$40 $5

50

OTTOMAN

3534

3534

- AR 10-Para

3535 3536

- AR Para - AR Akçe

3537 3538 3539

3537 Qustantiniya, 9th silver series (years 25-32): - AR 5-Kurush - AR 2½-Kurush - AR Kurush

3540 3541 3542 3543

- AR ½-Kurush - AR 10-Para - AR Para - AR Akçe

3544 3545 3546

Qustantiniya, 10th silver series (years 26-32): - AR 6-Kurush - AR 3-Kurush - AR 1½-Kurush

3535

3540

VF $15

$5 $25

$20 $20 $20

$10 $10 $5 $20 $30 $20 $20

OTTOMAN

51

3547

VF

3547

Dar al-Khilafat al-‘Aliya: - AV Surre

3548 3549

- AV ½-Surre - AV ¼-Surre

3550

Dar al-Khilafat al-Saniya: - AV Surre

3551

Edirne: - AV 2-Hayriye

3552 3553

- AV Hayriye - AV ½-Hayriye

3554

Van: - Æ Mangir

$150

3555 3556 3557

Misr gold: - AV Zeri Mahbub - AV ½-Zeri Mahbub - AV Rubiya

$500 $700 $60

3558

- AV ¼-Rumi

3559

- AV ½-Hayriye

$100

3548

$200 $100 $600 $1000

3552

3558

3559

$600 $500

$75

$150

52

OTTOMAN

3560 3561 3562 3563 3564 3565

Misr, 1st silver series (years 1-21): - AR Qirsh - AR ½-Qirsh - AR 10-Para - AR 5-Para - AR Para - AR Akçe

3566 3567

Misr, 2nd silver series (year 5): - AR Qirsh - AR ½-Qirsh

3568 3569

Misr, 3rd silver series (years 21-28): - AR Qirsh - AR ½-Qirsh

3570

- AR 10-Para

3571

- AR 5-Para

VF $150 $150 $100 $60 $10 $25

3566 $300 Extremely rare

3568 $50 $75

3570

3571

$40

$60

OTTOMAN 3572 3573 3574

Baghdad: - AV Hayriye - AR 5-Kurush - AR Kurush

3575 3576 3577

- AR Zolta - AR ½-Kurush - AR 10-Para

3578

- Æ 5-Para

3579 3580 3581

Trablus Gharb: - AV Sultani - BI 100-Para - BI 60-Para

3582 3583

- BI 40-Para - BI 30-Para

53 VF $2000 $150 $500

3575

3578

$500 $400 $500

$150 $2000 $1000 $250

3582

$300 $150

54

OTTOMAN

3584 3585 3586 3587 3588

- BI 20-Para - BI 15-Para - BI 10-Para - BI 5-Para - Æ Para

3589

Tunis: - AR 2-Riyals

3590 3591 3592

- AR Riyal - AR ½-Riyal - AR ¼-Riyal

3584

VF $200 $250 $200 $100 $40

3589 $200

3590

$60 $100 $150

OTTOMAN

3593 3594

- AR Kharub - AR Nasri

3595 3596

Jaza’ir: - AV Sultani - AV ½-Sultani

3597 3598

- AV ¼-Sultani - AR 2-Budju

3599 3600

- AR Budju - AR ⅓-Budju

3601

- AR ¼-Budju

3593

55

VF $25 $300

3595 $600 $500

3597

3599

3601

$500 $100

$50 $100

$30

56

OTTOMAN

3602

- AR ⅙-Budju

3603

- AR ⅛-Budju

3604 3605 3606

- AR Kharub - Æ 5-Akçe - Æ 2-Akçe

3607 3608

Qusantina: - AR Budju - AR ¼-Budju

3609

- AR ⅙-Budju

3602

3603

3604

VF $60

$40

$40 $25 $40

3607 $1000 $1500

3609

$300

OTTOMAN

3610

3610 3611

- BI Kharub - Æ 2-Akçe

3612

Madiya: - AR ¼-Budju

3613 3614

3613 Abdul Mejid (1255-1277h) Qustantiniya, pre-reform coinage (years 1-6): - AV Memduhiye - AV ½-Memduhiye

3615 3616 3617

- AV ¼-Memduhiye - AV ½-Zeri Mahbub - AR 6-Kurush

3618

- AR 3-Kurush

57

VF $150 $150

3612 $3000

3615

3618

$150 $120

$75 $1000 $150

$120

58

OTTOMAN

3619

- AR 1½-Kurush

3620

- AR ½-Kurush

3621 3622

- AR 10-Para - AR Para

3623

Tunis: - AR Riyal, pre-reform type

3619

3620

3621

VF $30

$10

$10 $5

3623 $300

IRAN, THE CAUCASUS, & CRIMEA In the early 10th century AH the Safavids conquered the Aq Qoyunlu kingdom and the western part of the remaining Timurid kingdom. In the early 12th century AH their supremacy was threatened, first by the Hotaki Afghans and then by the Afsharids. After the fall of the Safavids, Iran was ruled by the Afsharid and Zand dynasties; reunification was achieved by the Qajars in the early 13th century AH. The mid-12th century AH saw the establishment of various minor Khanates in the Caucasus region, some of which issued coins. In Crimea, the Giray Khans ruled from the 9th century AH until their eventual absorption into the Russian empire. Album, S., Sylloge of Islamic Coins in the Ashmolean, Volume 9: Iran after the Mongol Invasion, Oxford, 2001 Farahbakhsh, H., Iranian Hammered Coinage 1500-1879AD, West Berlin, 1975 Rabino di Borgomale, H.L., Album of Coins, Medals, and Seals of the Shahs of Iran (1500-1948), Oxford, 1951

SAFAVID

3624 3625 3626 3627 3628 3629 3630

Isma‘il I (907-930h), AV Ashrafi - AV Ashrafi, countermarked type - AV ¼-Ashrafi - AV Mithqal - AV ½-Mithqal - AV ¼-Mithqal - AR 2-Shahi

3631 3632

- AR Shahi - AR ½-Shahi

3624

3631

VF $300 $600 $150 $400 $400 $100 $200

$50 $40

60

IRAN, THE CAUCASUS, & CRIMEA

3633 3634

- AR ¼-Shahi - AR ⅛-Shahi

3635 3636 3637 3638

- AR Tanka - AR ½-Tanka - AR Larin - AR Tanka, countermarked type

3639

Tahmasp I (930-984h), AV Mithqal

3640 3641 3642 3643

- AV ½-Mithqal - AV ¼-Mithqal - AV heavy Ashrafi - AV heavy ¼-Ashrafi

3644

- AR 2-Shahi

3633

3635

3639

3640

3644

VF

$50 $40

$50 $75 $100 $50

$300

$200 $100 $400 $75

$40

IRAN, THE CAUCASUS, & CRIMEA

3645

3645 3646 3647 3648 3649

- AR Shahi - AR ½-Shahi - AR ¼-Shahi - AR ⅕-Shahi - AR 1/10-Shahi

3650 3651 3652 3653 3654 3655

- AR 4-Bisti - AR 2-Bisti - AR Bisti - AR ½-Bisti - AR Tanka - AR Larin

3656 3657 3658

- AR Shahi, countermarked type Isma‘il II (984-985h), AR 2-Shahi - AR Larin

3659 3660 3661

3659 Muhammad Khudabanda (985-995h), AV Mithqal - AV ½-Mithqal - AR 2-Shahi

3650

3656

61

VF

$40 $40 $50 $50 $50

$60 $75 $30 $40 $40 $100

$50 $80 $200

$400 $300 $40

62

IRAN, THE CAUCASUS, & CRIMEA VF $60 $60 $30

3662 3663 3664

- AR Shahi - AR ½-Tanka - AR 2-Shahi, countermarked type

3665

3665 ‘Abbas I (995-1038h), AV 2-Mithqals

3666 3667 3668 3669 3670 3671

- AV Mithqal - AV ½-Mithqal - AV heavy Ashrafi - AV heavy ½-Ashrafi - AR Abbasi - AR 2-Shahi

3672 3673 3674 3675 3676

- AR Shahi - AR Bisti - AR ½-Tanka Safi I (1038-1052h), AR Abbasi - AR 2-Shahi

3677 3678

- AR Shahi - AR Bisti

3666

3672

3677

$600

$300 $150 $300 $300 $40 $30

$50 $60 $75 $40 $50

$75 $40

IRAN, THE CAUCASUS, & CRIMEA

3679

3679 ‘Abbas II (1052-1077h), AR 5-Shahi

3680 3681 3682 3683 3684 3685

3680 - AR Abbasi - AR 2-Shahi - AR Shahi Safi II (1077-1079h), AR Abbasi - AR 2-Shahi Sulayman I (1079-1105h), AV 20-Ashrafi

3686 3687

- AR 20-Shahi - AR 10-Shahi

3686

63

VF

$50

$40 $30 $75 $150 $75 Extremely rare

$3000 $2000

64

IRAN, THE CAUCASUS, & CRIMEA

3688

3688

- AR Abbasi

3689

- AR 2-Shahi

3690 3691

3690 - AR Shahi Sultan Husayn (1105-1135h), AV 2-Ashrafi

3692 3693 3694 3695

- AV Ashrafi - AR 20-Shahi - AR 10-Shahi - AR 5-Shahi

3696

- AR 5-Shahi, rectangular flan

3689

3692

3696

VF $30

$30

$75 Extremely rare

$300 Extremely rare Extremely rare Extremely rare

$120

IRAN, THE CAUCASUS, & CRIMEA

65

3697

VF

3697 3698 3699 3700 3701

- AR Abbasi - AR 2-Shahi - AR 2-Shahi, rectangular flan - AR Shahi - AR Shahi, rectangular flan

3702 3703

3702 Tahmasp II (1135-1145h), AV Ashrafi - AR 20-Shahi

3704

- AR Abbasi

3705 3706

- AR 2-Shahi - AR Shahi

3704

3705

$20 $75 $150 $75 $150

$400 Extremely rare

$40

$60 $60

66

IRAN, THE CAUCASUS, & CRIMEA

VF

3707

3707 ‘Abbas III (1145-1148h), AV Ashrafi

$600

3708 3709 3710 3711

3708 - AR Abbasi - AR 2-Shahi - AR Shahi Sam Mirza (1160h), AR 5-Shahi, rectangular flan

$60 $100 $75 $750

3712

- AR Abbasi

3713 3714

3713 Sulayman II (1163h), AV Double-Mohur - AR Abbasi

3712

$1000

$3000 $750

IRAN, THE CAUCASUS, & CRIMEA

3715

3715 Isma‘il III (1163-1169h), AR Rupee

3716 3717 3718

- AR 6-Shahi - AR Abbasi - AR 2-Shahi

3719

- AR Shahi

3716

3719

67

VF

$150

$200 Extremely rare $400

$100

HOTAKI AFGHAN

3720

3720 Mahmud Shah (1135-1137h), AV Ashrafi

3721 3722

- AR Rupee - AR 10-Shahi

3721

$500

$120 $4000

68

IRAN, THE CAUCASUS, & CRIMEA

3723

3723

- AR 5-Shahi

3724

- AR Abbasi

3725

3725 - AR Abbasi, with rising sun countermark

3726

Ashraf (1137-1142h), AV Ashrafi

3727

- AR Abbasi

3724

3726

3727

VF

$120

$100

$75

$400

$100

IRAN, THE CAUCASUS, & CRIMEA

3728

3728 Azad Khan (1163-1170h), AV Mohur

3729 3730

- AV ⅓-Mohur - AR Rupee

3731 3732

- AR Abbasi - AR 2-Shahi

3733

- AR Shahi

3729

3731

3733

69

VF $1200

$750 $200

$150 $150

$60

AFSHARID 3734

temp. Nadir Shah, as viceroy (1142-1148h), AV Ashrafi

3735 3736

- AR Abbasi - AR Shahi

3735

$800

$50 $75

70

IRAN, THE CAUCASUS, & CRIMEA

3737

3737 Nadir Shah (1148-1160h), AV Mohur

3738

- AV Ashrafi

3739

- AR Double-Rupee

3740

- AR Rupee

3741 3742

- AR Rupee, Indian mints - AR 6-Shahi

3738

3739

3740

3741

VF

$1000

$500

$120

$40

$100 $20

IRAN, THE CAUCASUS, & CRIMEA

3743

3743

- AR Abbasi

3744 3745 3746

- AR Shahi - AR ½-Mithqal - Æ Falus

3747 3748

3747 Shahrukh, as viceroy (1151-1160h), AR Rupee ‘Adil Shah (1160-1161h), AR Double-Rupee

3749

- AR Rupee

3750

- AR Abbasi

3744

3749

3750

71

VF

$60

$50 $750 $250

$75 $150

$75

$25

72

IRAN, THE CAUCASUS, & CRIMEA

3751 3752

- AR Shahi Amir Arslan Khan (1161h), AV Ashrafi

VF $60 Extremely rare1

3753 3754 3755 3756

3753 - AR Abbasi Ibrahim (1161-1162h), AV ¼-Mohur - AR 12-Shahi - AR Rupee

$100 $1000 $200 $50

3757 3758 3759

- AR 6-Shahi - AR Abbasi - AR Shahi

3760

3760 Shahrukh (1161-1210h), AV Mohur

3761

- AV Ashrafi

1

3757

3761

Wilkes & Curtis Auction 1, 16 June 2014, lot 416

$75 $40 $100

$750

$300

IRAN, THE CAUCASUS, & CRIMEA

3762

3762

- AR Double-Rupee

3763 3764 3765 3766

- AR Rupee - AR 6-Shahi - AR Abbasi - AR Shahi

3767 3768

3767 Nadir Mirza (1210-1218h), AR Rupee - AR Shahi

3763

73

VF

$100

$40 $80 $25 $60

$500 $400

ZAND 3769

Karim Khan (1166-1193h), AV Mohur

3770

- AV ½-Mohur

3770

$2500

$300

74

IRAN, THE CAUCASUS, & CRIMEA

3771

3771

- AV ¼-Mohur

3772

- AV ⅛-Mohur

3773 3774

- AR Rupee - AR Double-Abbasi

3775 3776

- AR Abbasi - AR Shahi

3777 3778 3779 3780

3777 Abu’l-Fath Zand (1193h), AV ¼-Mohur temp. Sadiq Khan (1193-1195h), AV ¼-Mohur - AR Rupee - AR ⅘-Rupee

3781

VF

$150

$150

3773

3775

3781 ‘Ali Murad Khan (1195-1199h), AV ¼-Mohur

$75 $30

$25 $80

$600 $250 $150 $250

$200

IRAN, THE CAUCASUS, & CRIMEA

3782 3783 3784 3785

3782 - AR Rupee - AR ⅓-Rupee Ja‘far Khan (1199-1203h), AV Mohur - AV ¼-Mohur

3786

- AR Rupee

3786

75

VF

$120 $60 $7500 $2000

$250

ZAND REBELS 3787 3788 3789

Taqi Khan Bafqi (c.1199-1201h), AV ¼-Mohur - AR Rupee Hedayat Allah (1199-1200h), AR ⅓-Rupee

$300 $400 $300

QAJAR 3790

Muhammad Hasan Khan (1163-1172h), AV Mohur

3791

- AV ¼-Mohur

3792

- AR Rupee

3791

3792

Extremely rare

$750

$60

76

IRAN, THE CAUCASUS, & CRIMEA

3793

3793

- AR 2-Shahi

3794

- AR Shahi

3795

3795 Agha Muhammad Khan (1193-1211h), AV ½-Toman

3796 3797

- AV ¼-Toman - AV ¼-Mohur

3798 3799 3800 3801 3802

- AR Riyal - AR Rupee - AR ⅘-Rupee - AR ½-Rupee - AR ⅖-Rupee

3794

3796

3798

VF

$150

$75

$250

$150 $200

$100 $200 $100 $150 $120

IRAN, THE CAUCASUS, & CRIMEA

3803 3804 3805 3806

3803 Ahmad Khan Donboli, rebel (1204-1206h), AR Riyal Baba Khan (1211-1212h), AV ½-Toman - AR Riyal Fath ‘Ali Shah (1212-1250h), AV 5-Tomans

3807 3808

- AV Toman - AV ½-Toman

3809

- AV Keshvarsetan

3810 3811

3810 - AV Keshvarsetan, obv. king seated on throne - AR 2-Riyals

3807

3809

77

VF $250 $2500 $250 Extremely rare

$250 $300

$250

$5000 Extremely rare

78

IRAN, THE CAUCASUS, & CRIMEA

3812 3813 3814 3815 3816

- AR Riyal - AR ½-Riyal - AR ⅓-Riyal - AR ¼-Riyal - AR ⅕-Riyal

3817

- AR ⅛-Riyal

3818 3819 3820 3821 3822 3823

3824

2

3812

3817

3818 - AR Qiran - AR Qiran, obv. king seated on throne - AR ½-Qiran - AR ⅖-Qiran - AR ⅕-Qiran Sultan ‘Ali Shah (1250h), AR Qiran

3824 Muhammad Shah (1250-1264h), AV Toman

Sunrise Collection, Heritage Auction, New York, 7 January 2013, lot 21914

VF

$40 $100 $100 $75 $60

$100

$25 $2500 $50 $70 $70 Extremely rare2

$250

IRAN, THE CAUCASUS, & CRIMEA

3825

3825 3826

- AV Toman, lion and sun type - AR Qiran

3827 3828 3829 3830 3831

3827 - AR Qiran, lion and sun type - AR ½-Qiran - AR ½-Qiran, lion and sun type - AR ¼-Qiran Nasir al-din Shah (1264-1313h), AV 2-Tomans, portrait type

3832

- AV 2-Tomans, toughra type

3833 3834 3835 3836

- AV Toman - AV Toman, portrait type - AV Toman, toughra type - AV ½-Toman

3837 3838 3839 3840

- AV ½-Toman, portrait type - AV ½-Toman, toughra type - AR 5-Qirans - AR 2-Qirans

3832

3833

3837

79

VF $1000 $20

$75 $30 $100 $40 $2000

$800

$200 $3000 $750 $250

$3000 $500 Extremely rare $500

80

IRAN, THE CAUCASUS, & CRIMEA

3841

3841 3842

- AR Qiran - AR Qiran, portrait type

3843 3844 3845 3846

3843 - AR Qiran, toughra type - AR Qiran, double-headed eagle type - AR Qiran, lion and sun type - AR ½-Qiran

3847 3848 3849

- AR ½-Qiran, portrait type - AR ¼-Qiran - AR ⅛-Qiran

3847

VF $20 $300

$100 $250 $80 $20

$40 $40 $30

CIVIC COPPER COINS

During the period covered by this volume, the copper coins of Iran, Afghanistan, and Central Asia were usually anonymous. The designs of the coins varied from mint to mint; most mints issued numerous different designs over the centuries. Over 100 mints struck copper coins during this period, and Stephen Album (in the 3rd edition of his Checklist) estimates that there could be at least 10,000 different types in total. Consequently, it is not practical to provide accurate values here.

GANJA 3850

3851

temp. Shah Verdi Khan (1160-1174h), AR Abbasi, in the name of Nadir Shah

3851 temp. Muhammad Hasan Khan (1174-1195h), AR Abbasi, in the name of Nadir Shah

$75

$75

IRAN, THE CAUCASUS, & CRIMEA

81 VF $75

3852

- AR Abbasi, anonymous

3853 3854

3853 - AR Abbasi, in the name of Karim Khan temp. Ja‘far al-Jawwad (c.1200-1220h), AR Abbasi

$75 $200

SHIRVAN

3855

3855 temp. Muhammad Sa‘id Khan (1177-1180h), AR Abbasi

3856

3856 temp. Fath ‘Ali Khan (1180-1203h), AR Abbasi

$75

3857 3858

3857 temp. Qasim Khan (1203-1209h), AR Abbasi temp. Mustafa Khan (1209-1236h), AR Abbasi

$100 $75

$100

82

IRAN, THE CAUCASUS, & CRIMEA

SHEKI 3859 3860 3861

temp. Mehmet Hasan Khan (1212-1217h), AR Abbasi temp. Mustafa Khan (1217-1221h), AR Abbasi temp. Jafer Quli Khan (1221-1231h), AR Abbasi

VF $150 $150 $200

KARABAKH 3862

temp. Ibrahim Khalil Khan (1177-1221h), AR Abbasi

$200

3863

temp. Mahdi Quli Khan (1221-1235h), AR Abbasi

$100

GIRAY KHANS Retowski, O., Die Münzen der Gireï, London, 1982 (reprint of the 1905 original) 3864 3865

Hajji Giray I (824-871h), AR Akçe - Æ Mangir

$40 Extremely rare

3866 3867 3868 3869 3870 3871 3872 3873 3874

3866 Nur Dawlat b. Hajji (871-884h), AR Akçe - Æ Mangir Mengli I b. Hajji (871-920h), AR Akçe Muhammad I b. Mengli (920-929h), AR Akçe Sa‘adat I b. Mengli (929-939h), AR Akçe Sahib I b. Mengli (939-957h), AR Akçe Dawlat I b. Mubarak (957-985h), AR Akçe Muhammad II b. Dawlat (985-992h), AR Akçe Islam II b. Dawlat (992-996h), BI Akçe

$100 Extremely rare $40 $60 $100 $75 $60 $75 $100

3875 3876 3877 3878 3879 3880 3881 3882 3883 3884 3885 3886

3875 Ghazi II b. Dawlat (996-1017h), AR Akçe Salamat I b. Dawlat (1017-1019h), AR Akçe Jani Beg b. Mubarak, 1st reign (1019-1032h), AR Akçe Muhammad III b. Sa‘adat (1032-1036h), AR Akçe Jani Beg b. Mubarak, 2nd reign (1036-1044h), AR Akçe ‘Inayat b. Ghazi (1044-1046h), AR Akçe Bahadur b. Salamat (1046-1051h), AR Akçe Muhammad IV b. Salamat, 1st reign (1051-1054h), AR Akçe Islam III b. Salamat (1054-1064h), AR Akçe Muhammad IV b. Salamat, 2nd reign (1064-1076h), AR Beshlik - AR Akçe ‘Adil b. Dawlat (1076-1082h), AR Beshlik

$60 $75 $60 $100 $100 $150 $150 Extremely rare $75 $150 $75 $100

IRAN, THE CAUCASUS, & CRIMEA

83

3887 3888 3889

Selim I b. Bahadur, 1st reign (1082-1089h), AR Beshlik Murad b. Mubarak (1089-1094h), AR Beshlik - AR Akçe

VF $120 $100 Extremely rare

3890 3891 3892

3890 Selim I b. Bahadur, 2nd reign (1095-1102h), AR Beshlik - AR Akçe Sa‘adat II b. Qrim (1102-1103h), AR Beshlik

$100 $60 $150

3893 3894 3895 3896 3897 3898 3899 3900 3901 3902

3893 Safa b. Safa (1103-1104h), AR Beshlik - AR Akçe Selim I b. Bahadur, 3rd reign (1104-1110h), AR Beshlik Dawlat II b. Selim, 1st reign (1110-1114h), AR Beshlik - AR Akçe Selim I b. Bahadur, 4th reign (1114-1116h), AR Beshlik Ghazi III b. Selim (1116-1119h), AR Beshlik Qaplan I b. Selim, 1st reign (1119-1120h), AR Beshlik Dawlat II b. Selim, 2nd reign (1121-1125h), AR Beshlik Qaplan I b. Selim, 2nd reign (1125-1128h), AR Beshlik

$100 Extremely rare $100 $75 $120 $100 $100 $150 $75 $75

3903 3904 3905 3906 3907 3908 3909 3910 3911 3912 3913 3914 3915 3916 3917

3903 Sa‘adat III b. Selim (1129-1137h), AR Beshlik Mengli II b. Selim, 1st reign (1137-1143h), AR Beshlik Qaplan I b. Selim, 3rd reign (1143-1149h), AR Beshlik Fath II b. Dawlat (1149-1150h), AR Beshlik Mengli II b. Selim, 2nd reign (1150-1152h), AR Beshlik Salamat II b. Selim (1152-1156h), AR Beshlik Selim II b. Qaplan (1156-1161h), AR Beshlik Arslan b. Dawlat, 1st reign (1161-1169h), AR Beshlik Halim b. Sa‘adat (1169-1172h), AR Beshlik Qrim b. Dawlat, 1st reign (1172-1178h), AR Beshlik Selim III b. Fath, 1st reign (1178-1180h), BI Beshlik Maqsud b. Salamat, 1st reign (1181-1182h), BI Beshlik Qrim b. Dawlat, 2nd reign (1182h), AR Beshlik Dawlat III b. Arslan, 1st reign (1182-1183h), BI Beshlik Qaplan II b. Selim (1183-1184h), BI Beshlik

$75 $75 $75 $75 $100 $100 $75 $60 $150 $100 $75 $75 $100 $75 $100

84

IRAN, THE CAUCASUS, & CRIMEA

3918 3919 3920 3921

Selim III b. Fath, 2nd reign (1184-1185h), BI Beshlik Sahib II b. Ahmad (1185-1189h), BI Beshlik Dawlat III b. Arslan, 2nd reign (1189-1191h), BI Beshlik Shahin b. Ahmad (1191-1197h), AR 20-Para, 1st series

3922 3923

- AR 10-Para, 1st series - BI Para, 1st series

3924

- AR 60-Para, 2nd series

3925

- AR 40-Para, 2nd series

3922

3924

3925

VF $120 $75 $120 Extremely rare

$2500 $50

$10,000

$7500

IRAN, THE CAUCASUS, & CRIMEA

3926 3927

- AR 20-Para, 2nd series - Æ Ischal, 2nd series

3928

- Æ Kyrmis, 2nd series

3929 3930 3931

- Æ Kopek, 2nd series - Æ Denga, 2nd series - Æ Polushka, 2nd series

3926

3928

3929

85

VF $5000 $4000

$300

$150 $200 Extremely rare

AFGHANISTAN & CENTRAL ASIA During the 11th and early 12th centuries AH most of Afghanistan was ruled by the Mughal emperors of India. However, in the mid-12th century the weakening of Mughal influence in the region led to the foundation of the Durrani dynasty. The Durranis were succeeded in the mid 13th century AH by the Barazkais. In Central Asia most of the eastern lands of the Timurid empire came under the control of the Shaybanids and later the Janids. After the fall of the Janids most of the region was divided between the three major Khanates of Bukhara, Khiva, and Khoqand. Album, S., Sylloge of Islamic Coins in the Ashmolean, Volume 9: Iran after the Mongol Invasion, Oxford, 2001

TIMURID 3932

Sulayman Mirza (936-992h), AV ¼-Mithqal

VF $180

3933 3934 3935 3936

3933 - AV 1/12-Mohur - AR Tanka - AR Tanka, countermarked type Shahrukh III (983-987h), AV ¼-Mithqal

$150 $300 $250 $250

3937

- AV 1/12-Mohur

3937

$150

DURRANI Whitehead, R.B., Catalogue of Coins in the Panjab Museum, Lahore, Vol. III: Coins of Nadir Shah and the Durrani Dynasty, Oxford, 1934

3938

3938 Ahmad Shah (1160-1186h), AV Mohur

$600

AFGHANISTAN & CENTRAL ASIA

3939

3939

- AV Ashrafi

3940 3941 3942 3943 3944

- AR Rupee - AR Nazarana Rupee - AR ½-Rupee - AR Shahi - Æ Falus

3945

3945 Taimur Shah, as Nizam (1170-1186h), AV Mohur

3946

- AR Rupee

3947

Sulaiman Shah (1186h), AR Rupee

1

3940

3946

3947

Stephen Album Rare Coins, Auction 21, 15-16 January 2015, lot 592

87

VF

$1500

$30 $2500 Extremely rare1 $100 $150

$1000

$50

$500

88

AFGHANISTAN & CENTRAL ASIA

VF

3948

3948 Taimur Shah (1186-1207h), AV Mohur

3949

- AR Rupee

3950 3951 3952 3953

- AR Rupee, posthumous issue - AR Shahi - Æ Dam - Æ Falus

3954

3954 Humayun Shah (1207h), AR Rupee

$400

3955

3955 Shah Zaman (1207-1216h), AV Mohur

$600

3949

3950

$600

$30

$50 $200 $60 $50

AFGHANISTAN & CENTRAL ASIA

89

3956

VF

3956

- AR Double-Rupee

3957

- AR Rupee

3958

- Æ Falus

3959

3959 Mahmud Shah, 1st reign at Kabul (1216-1218h), AV DoubleMohur

3960

- AV Mohur

3957

3958

3960

$250

$30

$50

$7500

$800

90

AFGHANISTAN & CENTRAL ASIA

3961

3961

- AR Double-Rupee

3962 3963 3964

3962 - AR Rupee Mahmud Shah, at Herat (1216-1245h), AV Mohur - AR Rupee

3965

- AR ½-Rupee

3966

- AR ⅙-Rupee

3967 3968

2

3965

3967 Qaisar Shah, 1st reign (1218h), AR Rupee Shah Shuja‘, 2nd reign (1218-1224h), AV Double-Mohur

Classical Numismatic Group, Triton XX, 10 January 2017, lot 1147

VF $500

$30 $1000 $20

$75 $100

$150 Extremely rare2

AFGHANISTAN & CENTRAL ASIA

3969

3969 3970

- AV Mohur - AR Double-Rupee

3971 3972 3973

- AR Rupee - AR ½-Rupee - Æ Falus

3974 3975

3974 Qaisar Shah, 2nd reign (1222-1223h), AR Rupee Ata Muhammad Bamizai Khan (1223-1228h), AV Double-Mohur

3976 3977 3978

3976 - AR Rupee - Æ Falus Mahmud Shah, 2nd reign at Kabul (1224-1233h), AV Mohur

3

3971

Classical Numismatic Group, Triton XIX, 5 January 2016, lot 2224

91

VF $800 $600

$25 Extremely rare $50

$100 Extremely rare3

$80 $100 $1200

92

AFGHANISTAN & CENTRAL ASIA

3979

VF

3979

- AR Rupee

3980

- Æ Falus

3981 3982 3983 3984

3981 Mahmud Shah, local types, AR Rupee Shah Shuja‘, 3rd reign (1227h), AR Rupee Muhammad A‘zim (1228-1234h), Æ Falus Shah Shuja‘, 4th reign (1233-1234h), AR Rupee

$75 $250 $150 $250

3985 3986

3985 Ayyub Shah (1233-1246h), AR Rupee - BI Rupee

$50 $100

3987

- Æ Falus

3980

3987

$30

$60

$75

AFGHANISTAN & CENTRAL ASIA

3988 3989

3988 Kamran Shah (1245-1258h), AR Rupee - AR Jendak

3990

3990 Shah Shuja‘, 5th reign (1255-1258h), AV Mohur

3991

- AR Rupee

3992 3993

Fath Jang (1258h), AR Rupee Shahpur Shah (1258h), AR Rupee

3994

3994 temp. Muhammad Yusuf Khan (1272h), AV Tilla

3991

3992

93

VF $75 $150

$1000

$30

$100 $150

$1500

94

3995 3996

AFGHANISTAN & CENTRAL ASIA

3995 Anonymous, AR Rupee, with rayij countermark - AR 6-Shahi, with rayij countermark

VF $100 $150

ALIKOZAI

3997 3998 3999

3997 temp. Yar Muhammad Khan (1258-1267h), AR Qiran - AR Jendak temp. Sa‘id Muhammad Khan (1267-1271h), AR Qiran

$40 $100 $50

BARAKZAI

4000 4001 4002 4003

4000 temp. Habib Allah (1239h), AR Rupee temp. Sultan Muhammad (1240-1241h), AR Rupee temp. Sherdil Khan (1240-1241h), BI Rupee temp. Purdil Khan, 2nd reign (1241-1245h), BI Rupee

4004

- AR Rupee

4004

$75 $50 $100 $150

$100

AFGHANISTAN & CENTRAL ASIA

95

VF

4005

4005 Dost Muhammad, 1 reign (1241-1255h), AR Rupee

$25

4006

4006 temp. Kohandil Khan, 1st reign (1246-1255h), AR Rupee

$40

4007 4008

4007 temp. Sultan Muhammad Tila’i (1247-1250h), AR Rupee Muhammad Zaman, 1st reign (1257h), AR Rupee

$60 $75

4009

4009 Muhammad Zaman, 2nd reign (1258h), AR Rupee

4010

4010 temp. Muhammad Akbar (1258h), AR Rupee

st

$120

$75

96

AFGHANISTAN & CENTRAL ASIA

4011 4012 4013

4011 Dost Muhammad, 2nd reign (1258-1279h), AR Rupee - AR Qandahari Rupee temp. Kohandil Khan, 2nd reign (1259-1271h), AR Rupee

4014

- AR Qandahari Rupee

4015

Sher ‘Ali (1280-1296h), AV Mohur

4016

- AV Tilla

4017

- AR Rupee

4018

- AR Nazarana Rupee

4014

4015

4016

4017

VF $25 $30 $75

$30

$1000

$600

$25 $750

AFGHANISTAN & CENTRAL ASIA

97

4019

VF

4019

- AR Qandahari Rupee

4020

- AR ½-Rupee

4021 4022 4023 4024

4021 - AR Qiran - AR ⅙-Rupee Muhammad Afzal (1283-1284h), AR Rupee - AR Qandahari Rupee

$25 $75 $50 $120

4025

4025 Muhammad A‘zam (1283-1285h), AR Rupee

$60

4026

- AR Qandahari Rupee

4020

4026

$30

$20

$150

98

AFGHANISTAN & CENTRAL ASIA

4027 4028

4027 Muhammad Ya‘qub, 2nd reign (1296-1297h), AR Rupee - AR Qandahari Rupee

4029

- AR Qiran

4030

4030 temp. Wali Muhammad (1297h), AR Rupee

4031

Wali Sher ‘Ali (1297h), AR Rupee

4032

- AR Qandahari Rupee

4029

4031

4032

VF

$40 $30

$50

$50

$50

$50

AFGHANISTAN & CENTRAL ASIA

4033

4033 ‘Abd al-Rahman (1297-1319h), AV Tilla

4034

- AR Rupee

4035

- AR Qiran

4036

4036 Muhammad Ishaq (1305-1306h), AR Rupee

4034

4035

99

VF $1000

$20

$20

$120

SHAYBANID

4037 4038 4039

4037 Muhammad Shaybani (905-916h), AR Tanka - AR ½-Tanka - AR Tanka, countermarked type

$50 $100 $60

100

AFGHANISTAN & CENTRAL ASIA

4040 4041 4042 4043

Kuchkunji (916-937h), AR Tanka Timur Muhammad (918-919h), AR Tanka ‘Ubayd Allah, 1st reign (c.918-919h), AR Tanka Abu Sa‘id (937-940h), AR Tanka

VF $60 $300 $250 $100

4044 4045

4044 ‘Ubayd Allah, 2nd reign (940-946h), AR Tanka ‘Abd Allah I (946-947h), AR Tanka

$75 $150

4046

4046 ‘Abd al-Latif (947-959h), AR Tanka

$75

4047

4047 Nawruz Ahmad (959-963h), AR Tanka

$100

4048 4049

4048 Pir Muhammad I (963-968h), AR Tanka - AR Tanka, countermarked type

$75 $150

AFGHANISTAN & CENTRAL ASIA

101

4050

VF $60

4050

Iskandar (968-991h), AR Tanka

4051 4052 4053

4051 Sultan Sa‘id (c.975-980h), AR Tanka Darwish Ahmad (c.981-987h), AR Tanka ‘Abd Allah II (991-1006h), AV Mithqal

4054

- AV ½-Mithqal

4055

- AV 1/12-Mohur

4056

- AR Tanka

4054

4055

4056

$200 $250 $750

$200

$120

$50

102

AFGHANISTAN & CENTRAL ASIA

4057 4058

‘Abd al-Mu’min (1006-1007h), AV 1/12-Mohur - AR Tanka

4059

‘Abd al-Amin (1007h), AR Tanka

4060

4060 Muhammad Ibrahim (1008-1009h), AR Tanka

4059

VF $200 $200

$150

$120

‘ARABSHAHID 4061 4062 4063

Dust Muhammad (953-965h), AR 2-Shahi, countermarked type Hajji Muhammad I (965-1011h), AR Tanka - AR ½-Tanka

$300 $300 $50

JANID 4065

Anonymous (c.1006-1008h), AR Tanka, in the name of Yar Muhammad Jani Muhammad (1007-1009h), AR Tanka

4066 4067

4066 Baqi Muhammad (1009-1014h), AR Tanka Wali Muhammad (1014-1027h), AR Tanka

4064

$150 $50

$50 $50

AFGHANISTAN & CENTRAL ASIA

103 VF $40 $50 $50 $100

4068 4069 4070 4071

Imam Quli (1027-1054h), AR Tanka Nadr Muhammad (1054-1057h), AR Tanka ‘Abd al-‘Aziz (1057-1091h), AR Tanka Subhan Quli (1091-1114h), BI Tanka

4072

Abu’l-Fayz (1117-1160h), AV Tilla

4073

4073 ‘Abd al-Mu’min (1160-1164h), AV Tilla

$700

4074

4074 Abu’l-Ghazi (1171-1200h), AV Tilla

$600

4075

- AR Tenga

4072

4075

$500

$150

KAZAKHS OF TASHKENT 4076

Tursun Muhammad (fl.1022-1037h), AR Tanka

$500

104

AFGHANISTAN & CENTRAL ASIA

BUKHARA

4077 4078

4077 temp. Shah Murad (1200-1215h), AV Tilla - AR Tenga

VF $600 $150

4079

4079 Haidar Tora (1215-1242h), AV Tilla

$400

4080 4081 4082

- AR Tenga - Æ Double-Pul - Æ Pul

4083 4084

4083 temp. Nasrullah (1242-1277h), AV Tilla - AR Tenga

4080

$100 $150 $60

$300 $40

AFGHANISTAN & CENTRAL ASIA

105

4085 4086

4085 temp. Muzaffar al-din (1277-1303h), AV Tilla - AR Tenga

VF $250 $30

4087 4088

4087 temp. ‘Abd al-Ahad (1303-1329h), AV Tilla - AR Tenga

$250 $30

KHANS OF KHIVA 4089

Muhammad Rahim (1221-1241h), AV Tilla

$1500

4090 4091

4090 Muhammad Amin (1261-1271h), AV ½-Tilla - AR Tenga

$400 $100

4092

4092 Qutlugh Murad (1271-1272h), AV ½-Tilla

$500

106

AFGHANISTAN & CENTRAL ASIA

4093 4094 4095 4096

4093 Sayyid Muhammad (1272-1281h), AR Tenga - Æ Pul Sayyid Muhammad Rahim (1281-1328h), AR Tenga - Æ Pul

VF

$75 $50 $75 $30

KHANS OF KHOQAND

4097

4097 Muhammad ‘Ali (1238-1258h), AV Tilla

4098

- AR Tenga

4099 4100

4099 Sher ‘Ali (1258-1260h), AV Tilla Muhammad Murad (1260h), AV Tilla

4

Peus Auction 415, 5 November 2015, lot 353

4098

$1500

$150

$1500 Extremely rare4

AFGHANISTAN & CENTRAL ASIA

107

VF

4101 4102 4103

4101 Khudayar, 1st reign (1260-1275h), AV Tilla - AR Tenga - Æ Pul

4104 4105 4106

Malla (1275-1278h), AV Tilla - AR Tenga - Æ Pul

4107 4108

4107 Khudayar, 2nd reign (1278-1280h), AV Tilla - AR Tenga

$800 $100

4109

4109 Sayyid Sultan (1280-1282h), AV Tilla

$800

5

4104

$600 $75 $75

$6005 $100 $100

Coins in the name of Malla dated 1288-1290h are issues of Ya‘qub Beg and are listed under Xinjiang.

108

AFGHANISTAN & CENTRAL ASIA

4110 4111

4110 - AR Tenga Khudayar, 3rd reign (1282-1292h), AV Tilla

4112

- AR Tenga

4113

Fulad (1292h), AR Tenga

4112

4113

VF

$100 $600

$50

$150

INDIA Mughal rule in India was established by Babur and Humayun, but it was during the reign of Akbar that the empire increased dramatically in size, due to the conquest of the major Sultanates. A few smaller Sultanates held out into the 11th century AH, but all were subsumed into the empire by the end of the century. In the 12th century AH Mughal influence began to wane and power gradually passed to the various princely states. The area directly controlled by the Mughal rulers grew smaller and smaller, although they continued to be cited on the great majority of princely state coins. Goron, S., & Goenka, J.P., The Coins of the Indian Sultanates, New Delhi, 2001

TARKHANS 4114

temp. Mirza Muhammad (975-993h), Æ Falus

VF $45

‘ADIL SHAHS OF BIJAPUR 4115 4116 4117 4118 4119 4120 4121 4122 4123

4124 4125 4126 4127 4128 4129 4130 4131 4132 4133 4134 4135 4136 4137

‘Ali I (965-988h), Æ Falus - Æ ⅔-Falus - Æ ⅓-Falus - Æ ⅙-Falus Ibrahim II (988-1037h), Æ square heavy Falus - Æ square heavy ½-Falus - Æ Falus - Æ ⅔-Falus - Æ ⅓-Falus 4124 Muhammad (1037-1068h), AV Pagoda - AV Fanam - Æ Falus - Æ ⅔-Falus - Æ ⅓-Falus ‘Ali II (1068-1083h), AR Larin - Æ Falus - Æ ⅔-Falus - Æ ⅓-Falus Sikandar (1083-1097h), Æ Falus - Æ ⅔-Falus - Æ ⅓-Falus Anonymous, AV Pagoda - AV ½-Pagoda

$25 $20 $30 $50 $300 $120 $25 $20 $30

$250 $150 $40 $30 $30 $100 $25 $30 $30 $40 $60 $50 $180 $150

110

INDIA

BARID SHAHS OF BIDAR 4138 4139 4140 4141 4142

Ibrahim (987-995h), Æ ⅔-Gani - Æ ½-Gani - Æ ⅓-Gani Amir III (1018-1028h), Æ Gani - Æ ⅔-Gani

VF $100 $75 $50 $50 $75

NIZAM SHAHS OF AHMADNAGAR 4143 4144 4145 4146 4147

4148 4149 4150 4151 4152 4153 4154 4155 4156 4157 4158 4159 4160 4161 4162

Murtada I (973-997h), AV Pagoda - Æ Falus - Æ ⅔-Falus - Æ ⅓-Falus - Æ ⅙-Falus

4148 Burhan II (1000-1003h), AV Pagoda - AR Tanka - Æ Falus - Æ ⅔-Falus - Æ ½-Falus - Æ ⅓-Falus - Æ ⅙-Falus Murtada II (1009-1019h), Æ Falus - Æ ⅔-Falus - Æ ½-Falus - Æ ⅓-Falus Burhan III (1019-1041h), Æ Falus - Æ ⅔-Falus - Æ ½-Falus - Æ ⅓-Falus

Extremely rare $60 $50 $40 $60

$250 Extremely rare $50 $40 $50 $30 $60 $60 $50 $40 $60 $40 $30 $40 $50

QUTB SHAHS OF GOLKONDA 4163 4164 4165 4166 4167 4168 4169 4170 4171 4172

Muhammad Quli (988-1020h), AV Fanam - Æ Falus - Æ square Falus - Æ ⅔-Falus - Æ square ⅔-Falus - Æ ½-Falus - Æ square ½-Falus - Æ ⅓-Falus - Æ square ⅓-Falus - Æ ⅙-Falus

$100 $75 $75 $60 $60 $100 $100 $60 $60 $50

INDIA 4173 4174 4175 4176 4177 4178 4179 4180

- Æ square ⅙-Falus Muhammad (1020-1035h), Æ Falus - Æ ⅓-Falus ‘Abd Allah (1035-1083h), Æ Falus - Æ ⅔-Falus - Æ ½-Falus Abu’l-Hasan (1083-1098h), Æ Falus - Æ ⅔-Falus

111 VF $50 $150 $75 $25 $30 $50 $40 $30

SULTANS OF KHANDESH 4181 4182

Bahadur Shah (1006-1009h), Æ Falus - Æ ½-Falus

$100 $50

MUGHAL Brown, C.J., Catalogue of Coins in the Provincial Museum Lucknow: Coins of the Mughal Emperors, Oxford, 1920 Lane Poole, S., The Coins of the Moghul Emperors of Hindustan in the British Museum, London, 1892 Whitehead, R.B., Catalogue of Coins in the Panjab Museum, Lahore, Vol. II: Coins of the Mughal Emperors, Oxford, 1914 Wright, H.N., Catalogue of the Coins in the Indian Museum Calcutta, Volume III: Mughal Emperors of India, Oxford, 1908

4183 4184 4185 4186

4183 Babur, 3rd reign (910-937h), AR Shahrukhi - AR Tanka, countermarked type - Æ Bahluli (½-Dam) Humayun (937-963h), AV 1/12-Mohur

4187 4188

- AR Shahrukhi - AR Shahrukhi, citing Tahmasp I

4187

$150 $120 $100 $200

$100 $1000

112

INDIA

4189

4189 4190 4191

- AR light Shahrukhi - Æ Bahluli - Æ ½-Bahluli

4192

4192 Kamran Mirza (937-962h), AR Shahrukhi

4193

- AR light Shahrukhi

4194

4194 - AR Shahrukhi, countermarked type

4195 4196

Akbar (963-1014h), AV ¼-Mithqal - AV square heavy Mohur

4193

4195

VF $150 $20 $60

$250

$200

$150

$150 $3000

INDIA

4197

4197 4198

- AV Mohur, Kalima type - AV square Mohur, Kalima type

4199 4200

- AV Mohur, Ilahi type - AV 1/12-Mohur

4201 4202

4201 - AR Shahrukhi - AR Shahrukhi, countermarked type

4203

- AR Rupee, Kalima type

4204

- AR square Rupee, Kalima type

4199

4203

4204

113

VF

$1000 $2500

$5000 $120

$300 $150

$75

$50

114

INDIA

4205

- AR Rupee, Ilahi type

4206 4207

- AR square Rupee, Ilahi type - AR ½-Rupee, Kalima type

4208

- AR square ½-Rupee, Kalima type

4209

- AR ½-Rupee, Ilahi type

4210

- AR square ½-Rupee, Ilahi type

4211 4212 4213 4214 4215 4216 4217

- AR ¼-Rupee - AR square ¼-Rupee - AR ⅛-Rupee - AR square ⅛-Rupee - AR Tanka - AR Mahmudi - AR ½-Mahmudi

4205

4206

4208

4209

4210

4211

VF

$50

$50 $150

$60

$50

$60

$100 $250 $150 $150 $50 $30 $25

INDIA

115

4218

VF $75 $40 $40 $150 $25 $30 $40 $20 $30 $30

4218 4219 4220 4221 4222 4223 4224 4225 4226 4227

- Æ 4-Tanki - Æ 2-Tanki - Æ Tanki - Æ Tanka - Æ Dam - Æ ½-Dam - Æ Damra - Æ Damri - Æ square Falus - Æ Paisa, Malwa

4228

4228 Anonymous, AR Rupee, rebellion issue of Selim Shah, Allahabad

4229 4230 4231

4229 - AR ½-Rupee Jahangir (1014-1037h), AV heavy Mohur - AV square heavy Mohur

4232 4233 4234

- AV Mohur - AV Mohur, portrait type - AV Mohur, emperor seated type

4232

$60

$250 Extremely rare $10,000

$2500 Extremely rare Extremely rare

116

INDIA

4235 4236 4237

4235 - AV Mohur, Zodiac type - AV Mohur, with the name of Nur Jahan - AR Sawai

4238

- AR square Sawai

4239 4240

- AR Jahangiri - AR square Jahangiri

4241

4241 - AR Rupee, with pre-accession name Selim Shah

4242

- AR Rupee

4238

4239

4242

VF

$150,0001 Extremely rare $150

$3000

$150 $1500

$75

$40

1 Imitations of the gold and silver Zodiac coins are widespread, having been produced more or less continuously ever since the time of Jahangir. They range from early imitations of good style, which can be difficult to distinguish from the originals, to crude modern copies. Although the imitations can be of commercial value, they are worth considerably less than original strikings.

INDIA

4243

4243

- AR Rupee, couplet type

4244

- AR square Rupee

4245

- AR Rupee, Zodiac type

4246 4247

4246 - AR Rupee, with the name of Nur Jahan - AR ½-Rupee, with pre-accession name Selim Shah

4248 4249 4250 4251 4252

2

4244

4245

4248 - AR ½-Rupee - AR ½-Rupee, with the name of Nur Jahan - AR Nisar ¼-Rupee - AR ⅛-Rupee - AR square ⅛-Rupee See note to Zodiac Mohur above.

117

VF

$75

$600

$30002

$150 $500

$150 $750 $1000 $400 $300

118

INDIA

4253

4253 4254 4255 4256 4257 4258

- Æ Dam - Æ ½-Dam - Æ ¼-Dam - Æ ⅛-Dam - Æ square Falus - Æ square ½-Falus

4259

Dawar Bakhsh (1037h), AR Rupee

4260

4260 Shah Jahan I (1037-1068h), AV Mohur

4261

4261 - AR Rupee, with pre-accession name Khurram

4262 4263

- AR Rupee - AR square Rupee

4259

4262

VF $50 $75 $75 $75 $40 $60

Extremely rare

$800

Extremely rare

$30 $500

INDIA 4264 4265 4266

- AR ½-Rupee - AR Nisar ½-Rupee - AR ¼-Rupee

4267 4268 4269 4270 4271

- AR Nisar ¼-Rupee - AR ⅛-Rupee - AR Nisar ⅛-Rupee - AR Nisar 1/16-Rupee - AR Tanka, Janid type

119 VF $50 Extremely rare $100

4267

4272 4273 4274 4275 4276 4277 4278

4272 - Æ Dam - Æ ½-Dam - Æ ¼-Dam - Æ ⅛-Dam - Æ square Falus - Æ square ½-Falus Murad Bakhsh (1068h), AV Mohur

4279 4280 4281 4282

- AR Rupee - AR ½-Rupee - Æ Dam - Æ ½-Dam

4283

4283 Shah Shuja‘ (1068-1070h), AR Rupee

4279

$500 $500 $1000 $1000 $250

$50 $50 $75 $25 $30 $40 Extremely rare

$100 $400 $200 $150

$6000

120

INDIA

4284 4285 4286

4284 Aurangzeb (1068-1118h), AV Mohur - AV Pagoda - AV Fanam

4287 4288 4289

- AR Rupee - AR ½-Rupee - AR Nisar ½-Rupee

4290 4291 4292 4293 4294 4295 4296 4297 4298 4299 4300

- AR ¼-Rupee - AR Nisar ¼-Rupee - AR ⅛-Rupee - AR 1/16-Rupee - AR Legal Dirham - Æ Dam - Æ ½-Dam - Æ Paisa - Æ ½-Paisa - Æ ¼-Paisa - Æ ⅛-Paisa

4301

4287

4290

4301 A‘zam Shah (1118-1119h), AV Mohur

VF

$600 $300 $100

$25 $40 $1000

$120 $600 $100 $200 Extremely rare $30 $30 $30 $30 $40 $50

$15,000

INDIA

4302 4303 4304

4302 - AR Rupee - AR ½-Rupee Kam Bakhsh (1119-1120h), AV Mohur

4305 4306

- AR Rupee - Æ Paisa

4307 4308 4309

4307 Shah ‘Alam I (1119-1124h), AV Mohur - AR heavy Rupee - AR Rupee, with pre-accession name Mu‘azzam Shah

4310 4311 4312 4313 4314 4315 4316

- AR Rupee - AR ½-Rupee - Æ Dam - Æ ½-Dam - Æ Paisa - Æ ½-Paisa ‘Azim al-Shan (1124h), AR Rupee

3

4305

4310

Horizon Auction 1, London, 2 October 2016, lot 56.

121

VF

$1000 Extremely rare3 Extremely rare

$1500 $250

$600 $300 $400

$25 $50 $40 $25 $50 $40 Extremely rare

122

INDIA

4317

4317 Jahandar Shah (1124h), AV Mohur

4318 4319 4320

- AR Rupee - AR ½-Rupee - Æ Paisa

4321 4322 4323 4324

4321 Farrukhsiyar (1124-1131h), AV Mohur - AV Pagoda - AV Fanam - AV ½-Fanam

4325 4326 4327 4328 4329 4330 4331 4332 4333 4334 4335

- AR Rupee - AR ½-Rupee - AR ¼-Rupee - AR ⅛-Rupee - AR 1/16-Rupee - Æ Dam - Æ Paisa - Æ ½-Paisa Nikusiyar (1131h), AR Rupee Rafi‘ al-darjat (1131h), AV Mohur - AV Fanam

4318

4325

VF

$1000

$60 $120 $50

$600 $300 $60 $50

$25 $50 $200 $150 $100 $50 $40 $40 Extremely rare $3000 $150

INDIA

4336

123

VF

4336 4337 4338

- AR Rupee - AR 1/16-Rupee Shah Jahan II (1131h), AV Mohur

4339 4340 4341

4339 - AR Rupee - AR ½-Rupee Muhammad Ibrahim (1132-1133h), AV Mohur

4342

- AR Rupee

4343

4343 Muhammad Shah (1131-1161h), AV Mohur

$600

4344 4345

- AV ½-Mohur - AV Pagoda

$400 $250

4346

- AV ½-Pagoda

4

4342

4346

Stephen Album Rare Coins, Auction 20, 18-20 September 2014, lot 1320.

$100 Extremely rare4 $2500

$100 $100 Extremely rare

$1000

$250

124

INDIA

4347 4348

- AV Fanam - AV ½-Fanam

4349 4350 4351 4352 4353 4354 4355 4356 4357 4358

4349 - AR Rupee - AR ½-Rupee - AR ¼-Rupee - AR ⅛-Rupee - AR 1/16-Rupee - AR 1/32-Rupee - Æ Dam - Æ Paisa - Æ ½-Paisa Ahmad Shah Bahadur (1161-1167h), AV Mohur

4359 4360 4361

- AV Pagoda - AV Fanam - AV ½-Fanam

4362 4363 4364

4362 - AR Rupee - AR ½-Rupee Akbar ‘Adil Shah (1166h), AR Rupee

5

4359

Stephen Album Rare Coins, Auction 24, 14-16 January 2016, lot 1544.

VF $50 $40

$25 $30 $100 $150 $200 $100 $60 $30 $60 $600

$250 $50 $40

$25 $50 Extremely rare5

INDIA

4365

4365 ‘Alamgir II (1167-1173h), AV Mohur

4366

- AV Mohur, Kalima type

4367 4368 4369 4370

- AV Pagoda - AV ½-Pagoda - AV Fanam - AV ½-Fanam

4371

- AR Rupee

4372 4373 4374

4372 - AR Rupee, Kalima type - Æ Paisa Shah Jahan III (1173-1174h), AV Mohur

4366

4367

4371

125

VF

$600

$3000

$250 $300 $50 $40

$25

$750 $50 $1000

126

INDIA

4375

4375 4376

- AR Rupee - AR ½-Rupee

4377 4378 4379

4377 Shah ‘Alam II (1174-1221h), AV Mohur - AV Fanam - AV ½-Fanam

4380

- AR Rupee

4381 4382 4383 4384 4385

4381 - AR Nazarana Rupee - AR ½-Rupee - Æ Falus - Æ Paisa Bedar Bakht (1202-1203h), AV Mohur

4380

VF $150 $150

$750 $50 $40

$40

$2000 $50 $60 $30 Extremely rare

INDIA

4386 4387

4386 - AR Rupee Muhammad Akbar II, 1st reign (1203h), AR Rupee

4388

4388 Muhammad Akbar II, 2nd reign (1221-1253h), AV Mohur

4389

- AR Rupee

4390 4391

- AR Nazarana Rupee - AR ½-Rupee

4392 4393

- AR ¼-Rupee - Æ Paisa

4389

4390

4392

127

VF

Extremely rare $4000

$1800

$100

$1200 $300

$250 $75

128

INDIA

MALDIVES

VF

Browder, T.J., Maldive Islands Money, Santa Monica, 1969 4394 4395 4396 4397 4398 4399 4400 4401 4402 4403 4404 4405 4406 4407 4408 4409 4410 4411 4412 4413 4414 4415 4416 4417 4418 4419 4420

Muhammad ‘Imad al-din I (1030-1058h), AR Larin Ibrahim Iskandar I (1058-1098h), AR Larin Muhammad Muhi al-din (1102-1103h), AR Larin Muhammad Shams al-din (1103-1104h), AR Larin Muhammad al-Hajji (1104-1112h), AR Larin - AR ½-Larin Muhammad ‘Imad al-din II (1116-1133h), BI Larin - BI ½-Larin - BI ¼-Larin Ibrahim Iskandar II (1133-1163h), BI 2-Lari - BI Larin - BI ½-Larin Muhammad ‘Imad al-din III (1163-1168h), BI 2-Lari - BI Larin Hasan ‘Izz al-din (1173-1180h), BI 2-Lari - BI Larin Muhammad Ghiyath al-din (1180-1187h), BI 2-Lari - BI Larin - Æ ½-Larin Muhammad Mu‘izz al-din (1188-1192h), BI 2-Lari - Æ ½-Larin Hasan Nur al-din (1192-1213h), AV Mohur - BI 2-Lari - Æ ½-Larin Muhammad Mu‘in al-din (1213-1250h), BI 2-Lari - Æ ½-Larin - Æ ¼-Larin

Extremely rare $40 $75 $75 $40 $30 $30 $25 $30 $30 $30 $40 $30 $25 $30 $30 $40 $30 $20 $40 $20 Extremely rare $30 $20 $30 $20 $15

4421 4422 4423 4424

4421 Muhammad ‘Imad al-din IV (1250-1300h), Æ 2-Lari - Æ ½-Larin - Æ ¼-Larin Ibrahim Nur al-din (1300-1318h), Æ ¼-Larin

$30 $15 $15 $10

ASIA Although the Xinjiang region of China had long been predominantly Muslim, very little of its coinage was Islamic in style; only coins with solely Arabic legends are listed here. The 10th century AH saw the establishment of several Islamic kingdoms in present-day Malaysia and Indonesia, the most important of which was the Sultanate of Acheh. By the 13th century AH Western and Chinese influences begin to be seen in the coinage of the region; again, only coins with solely Arabic legends are listed here. Singh, S., The Encyclopaedia of the Coins of Malaysia, Singapore and Brunei, 1400-1986, Kuala Lumpur, 1986

KHANS OF YARKAND 4425 4426

Muhammad (998-1018h), Æ Falus ‘Abd Allah (1045-1078h), Æ Falus

VF $300 $250

XINJIANG 4427 4428

Ghazi Rashid, rebel (c.1279-1284h), Æ Cash Ya‘qub Beg, rebel (c.1287-1299h), AV Tilla, in the name of Malla Khan

$60 $1000

4429 4429 4430

- AV Tilla, in the name of Abdul Aziz - AV Tilla, in the name of Abdul Hamid II

$3000 Extremely rare

4431 4431

- AR Tenga, in the name of Malla Khan

$250

4432 4432

- AR ½-Miscal, in the name of Abdul Aziz

$75

130

ASIA

4433 4433

- Æ Falus, in the name of Abdul Aziz

VF $100

KEDAH

4434 4434 4435

Rija’il al-din (1034-1061h), AV Kupang Muhammad Jiwa (1122-1187h), AR Real

4436

- BI ½-Real

$600 $300

4436 $150

KELANTAN 4437 4438 4439 4440

Muhammad II (1254-1303h), SN Pitis Mansur (1308-1318h), SN Pitis Muhammad IV (1318-1338h), SN Pitis Anonymous, AV Kupang, legend only

4441 4442

- AV Kupang, obv. deer or bull - SN Pitis

$30 $30 $15 $300

4441 $300 $20

ACHEH Leyten, J., Gold coins of Samudra-Pasai and Acheh: Their origin, name and weight in a historical context, Amsterdam, 2004 4443 4444

‘Ali Mughayat Shah (920-936h), AV Kupang Salah b. ‘Ali (936-943h), AV Kupang

$75 $50

ASIA

4445 4445

‘Ala al-din b. ‘Ali (943-979h), AV Kupang

131

VF $50

4446 4446 4447 4448 4449

‘Ali b. ‘Ala al-din (979-987h), AV Kupang Ghiyath al-din b. ‘Ala al-din (987h), AV Kupang ‘Ala al-din b. Ahmad (987-994h), AV Kupang ‘Ali b. Munawar (994-997h), AV Kupang

$50 $100 $60 $60

4450 4450

‘Ala al-din b. Firman (997-1013h), AV Kupang

$50

4451 4451 4452

Iskandar Muda (1016-1046h), AV Kupang ‘Ala al-din Mughayat Shah (1046-1051h), AV Kupang

4453 4454

Safiyat al-din Taj al-‘Alam (1051-1086h), AV Kupang Naqiyat al-din Nur al-‘Alam (1086-1089h), AV Kupang

$50 $75

4453 $50 $60

4455 4455 4456 4457 4458 4459

Zakiyat al-din ‘Inayat Shah (1089-1099h), AV Kupang Zaynat al-din Kamalat Shah (1099-1110h), AV Kupang Badr al-‘Alam (1110-1114h), AV Kupang Perkasa ‘Alam (1114-1115h), AV Kupang Jamal al-‘Alam (1115-1138h), AV Kupang

$50 $50 $100 $75 $75

132

ASIA

4460 4460 4461 4462

‘Ala al-din Ahmad (1139-1148h), AV Kupang ‘Ala al-din Shah (1148-1173h), AV Kupang Anonymous, SN Pitis

VF $75 $75 $25

JOHORE

4463 4463 4464

‘Ala al-din (934-971h), AV Kupang Muzaffar Shah (971-978h), AV Kupang

$150 $200

4465 4465

‘Abd al-Jalil II (979-1005h), AV Kupang

$150

4466 4466

‘Abd al-Jalil III (1032-1088h), AV Mas

$500

4467 4467 4468 4469 4470

- AV Kupang - AR ¼-Penjuru Sulayman (1134-1173h), AV Kupang Anonymous, SN Katun

$100 $100 $200 $25

TRENGGANU 4471 4472 4473

Zayn al-‘Abidin (1207-1223h), AV Kupang Anonymous, SN Pitis - SN ½-Pitis

$200 $20 $30

ASIA

PALEMBANG 4474 4475 4476

temp. Baha’ al-din Muhammad (1190-1219h), SN Pitis temp. Badr al-din Mahmud II (1219-1236h), SN Pitis Anonymous, SN Pitis

133

VF

$30 $25 $15

MACASSAR

4477 4477

‘Ala al-din (c.995-1038h), AV Mas

4478 4479 4480 4481 4482

- AV Kupang Muhammad al-Sa‘id (c.1048-1065h), AV Mas - AV Kupang Hasan al-din b. al-Sa‘id (fl.1077-1078h), AV Kupang Anonymous, AV Mas

$750

4478 $100 $500 $200 $100 $500

4483 4483

- AV Kupang

$150

BRUNEI 4484

Anonymous, SN Pitis

$50

134

APPENDIX II APPENDIX

I These are are some some of of the the most mostAPPENDIX commonly encountered encountered mints for for the the These commonly mints period covered by this volume: period covered by this volume: These are some of the most commonly encountered mints for the period covered by this volume: Lahore ‫الهور‬ Agra ‫اگره‬ Lahore ‫الهور‬ Agra ‫اگره‬

‫احمداباد‬ ‫احمداباد‬ Baghcha Saray Saray ‫باغچه سراى‬ ‫باغچه‬ Baghcha ‫سراى‬ Baghdad ‫بغداد‬ Baghdad ‫بغداد‬ ‫بلخ‬ Balkh ‫بلخ‬ Balkh Bukhara ‫بخارا‬ Bukhara ‫بخارا‬ Burhanpur ‫برهانپور‬ Burhanpur ‫برهانپور‬ Dimashq (Damascus) (Damascus) ‫دمشق‬ Dimashq ‫دمشق‬ Edirne ‫ادرنه‬ Edirne ‫ادرنه‬ Fas (Fez) (Fez) ‫فاس‬ Fas ‫فاس‬ Halab (Aleppo) (Aleppo) ‫حلب‬ Halab ‫حلب‬ Herat ‫هراة‬ Herat ‫هراة‬ Isfahan ‫اصفهان‬ Isfahan ‫اصفهان‬ Islambul (Istanbul) (Istanbul) ‫اسالمبول‬ Islambul ‫اسالمبول‬ Jaza’ir ‫جزاير‬ Jaza’ir ‫جزاير‬ Kabul ‫كابل‬ Kabul ‫كابل‬ Kashan ‫كاشان‬ Kashan ‫كاشان‬ Kashmir ‫كشمير‬ Kashmir ‫كشمير‬ Khoqand ‫خوقند‬ Khoqand ‫خوقند‬ Khwarizm ‫خوارزم‬ Khwarizm ‫خوارزم‬

‫مراكش‬ ‫مراكش‬ ‫مشهد‬ ‫مشهد‬ ‫مصر‬ ‫مصر‬ ‫ملتان‬ ‫ملتان‬ ‫قندهار‬ ‫قندهار‬ ‫قزوين‬ ‫قزوين‬

Marrakesh Marrakesh

Ahmadabad Ahmadabad

Mashhad Mashhad Misr (Egypt) (Egypt) Misr Multan Multan Qandahar Qandahar Qazvin Qazvin

Qustantiniya (Constantinople) (Constantinople) Qustantiniya

‫قسطنطينيه‬ ‫قسطنطينيه‬ ‫سمرقند‬ ‫سمرقند‬ ‫صنعا‬ ‫صنعا‬

Samarqand Samarqand San‘a San‘a Shahjahanabad (Delhi) (Delhi) Shahjahanabad

‫جهان اباد‬ ‫شاه جهان‬ ‫شاه‬ ‫اباد‬ ‫شيراز‬ ‫شيراز‬ ‫سورت‬ ‫سورت‬ ‫تبريز‬ ‫تبريز‬ ‫تفليس‬ ‫تفليس‬

Shiraz Shiraz Surat Surat Tabriz Tabriz

Tiflis Tiflis Trablus Gharb Gharb (Tripoli, (Tripoli, Libya) Libya) Trablus

‫طرابلس غرب‬ ‫طرابلس‬ ‫غرب‬ ‫تونس‬ ‫تونس‬ ‫يزد‬ ‫يزد‬

Tunis Tunis Yazd Yazd

Arabic& &Persian Persiannumbers numbers Arabic Arabic & Persian numbers

(mostcoins coinsofof of this period have dates written in numerals) numerals) (most coins this period have dates written in (most this period have dates written in numerals)

Arabic Arabic Persian Persian

11 ١١ ١١

22 ٢٢ ٢٢

33 ٣٣ ٣٣

44 ٤٤ ۴۴

55 ٥٥ ۵۵

66 ٦٦ ۶۶

77 ٧٧ ٧٧

88 ٨٨ ٨٨

99 ٩٩ ٩٩

APPENDIX II II APPENDIX

135

These are are some of the most commonly encountered names of Islamic These some of the most commonly encountered names of Islamic APPENDIX II rulers in this volume: rulers in this volume: These are some of the most commonly encountered names of Islamic rulers in this

volume: ‘Abbas ‘Abbas

‘Abd‘Abd AllahAllah

‫عباس‬ ‫عباس‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ‬ ‫عبد عبد‬

‘Abd‘Abd al-Hamid (Abdul Hamid) al-Hamid (Abdul Hamid)

‫ﺍﻟحميد‬ ‫عبد عبد‬ ‫ﺍﻟحميد‬

‘Abd‘Abd al-Majid (Abdul Mejid) al-Majid (Abdul Mejid) ‘Abd‘Abd al-Malik al-Malik ‘Abd‘Abd al-Rahman al-Rahman Ahmad (Ahmed) Ahmad (Ahmed) Akbar Akbar ‘Alamgir ‘Alamgir ‘Ali ‘Ali Aurangzeb Aurangzeb Farrukhsiyar Farrukhsiyar FathFath Husayn Husayn Ibrahim Ibrahim Isma‘il Isma‘il

‫ﺍﻟمجيد‬ ‫عبد عبد‬ ‫ﺍﻟمجيد‬ ‫الملكالملك‬ ‫عبد عبد‬ ‫الرحمن‬ ‫عبد عبد‬ ‫الرحمن‬ ‫احمداحمد‬ ‫ﺍكبرﺍكبر‬ ‫گير گير‬ ‫عاﻟمعاﻟم‬ ‫علىعلى‬ ‫زيبزيب‬ ‫ﺍورنگ‬ ‫ﺍورنگ‬ ‫سيرسير‬ ‫فرخفرخ‬ ‫فتح فتح‬ ‫حسين‬ ‫حسين‬ ‫ابراهيم‬ ‫ابراهيم‬ ‫اسمعيل‬ ‫اسمعيل‬

Jahangir Jahangir Karim Karim

Mahmud Mahmud Muhammad (Mehmed) Muhammad (Mehmed) Murad Murad Mustafa Mustafa NadirNadir Selim Selim ShahShah ‘Alam ‘Alam ShahShah JahanJahan Shahrukh Shahrukh Sulayman (Suleyman) Sulayman (Suleyman) Tahmasp Tahmasp ‘Uthman (Osman) ‘Uthman (Osman) Ya‘qub Ya‘qub

‫جهانگير‬ ‫جهانگير‬ ‫كريمكريم‬ ‫محمود‬ ‫محمود‬ ‫محمدمحمد‬ ‫مرﺍدمرﺍد‬ ‫مصطفى‬ ‫مصطفى‬ ‫نادرنادر‬ ‫سﻠيمسﻠيم‬ ‫عاﻟمعاﻟم‬ ‫شاه شاه‬ ‫جهان‬ ‫شاه شاه‬ ‫جهان‬ ‫رخ رخ‬ ‫شاه شاه‬ ‫سليمان‬ ‫سليمان‬ ‫طهماسپ‬ ‫طهماسپ‬ ‫عثمان‬ ‫عثمان‬ ‫يعقوب‬ ‫يعقوب‬

136

APPENDIX III IMAGES COURTESY OF: 3003 3005 3013 3015 3017 3019 3020 3023 3026 3027 3030 3033 3034 3036 3037 3039 3042 3045 3053 3066 3068 3075 3076 3079 3080 3083 3093 3098 3100 3101 3104 3113 3114 3125 3126 3128 3130 3133 3135 3136 3139 3141 3143 3145 3146 3147 3150

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3151 3153 3156 3158 3163 3166 3168 3170 3173 3174 3175 3177 3179 3185 3191 3193 3194 3198 3209 3212 3216 3223 3226 3229 3233 3235 3236 3239 3240 3241 3242 3243 3245 3246 3248 3250 3251

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3355 3357 3360 3364 3367 3369 3377 3379 3380 3384 3387 3389 3393 3396 3397 3399 3400 3402 3405 3407 3408 3412 3415 3416 3418 3419 3420 3426 3427 3429 3430 3431 3432

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138 3434 3439 3451 3453 3455 3456 3458 3461 3462 3463 3464 3465 3466 3467 3469 3470 3471 3472 3480 3481 3483 3484 3487 3489 3491 3492 3495 3498 3500 3501 3502 3506 3507 3511 3512 3514 3516 3520

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3522 3527 3534 3535 3537 3540 3547 3548 3552 3558 3559 3566 3568 3570 3571 3575 3578 3582 3584 3589 3590 3593 3595 3597 3599 3601 3602 3603 3604 3607 3609 3610 3612 3613 3615 3618 3619 3620 3621 3623 3624 3631 3633 3635 3639

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139 3640 3644 3645 3650 3656 3659 3665 3666 3672 3677 3679 3680 3686 3688 3689 3690 3692 3696 3697 3702 3704 3705 3707 3708 3712 3713 3715 3716 3719 3720 3721 3723 3724 3725 3726 3727 3728 3729 3731 3733 3735 3737 3738 3739 3740 3741 3743 3744 3747 3749 3750 3753 3757

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3760 3761 3762 3763 3767 3770 3771 3773 3775 3777 3781 3782 3786 3791 3792 3793 3794 3795 3796 3798 3803 3807 3809 3810 3812 3817 3818 3824 3825 3827 3832 3833 3837 3841 3843 3847 3851 3853 3855 3856 3857 3866 3875 3890 3893 3903 3922 3924 3925 3926 3928 3929

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140 3933 3937 3938 3939 3940 3945 3946 3947 3948 3949 3950 3954 3955 3956 3957 3958 3959 3960 3961 3962 3965 3967 3969 3971 3974 3976 3979 3980 3981 3985 3987 3988 3990 3991 3992 3994 3995 3997 4000 4004 4005 4006 4007 4009 4010 4011 4014 4015 4016 4017 4019 4020 4021 4025

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4026 4027 4029 4030 4031 4032 4033 4034 4035 4036 4037 4044 4046 4047 4048 4050 4051 4054 4055 4056 4059 4060 4066 4072 4073 4074 4075 4077 4079 4080 4083 4085 4087 4090 4092 4093 4097 4098 4099 4101 4104 4107 4109 4110 4112 4113 4124 4148 4183 4187 4189 4192 4193 4194

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141 4195 4197 4199 4201 4203 4204 4205 4206 4208 4209 4210 4211 4218 4228 4229 4232 4235 4238 4239 4241 4242 4243 4244 4245 4246 4248 4253 4259 4260 4261 4262 4267 4272 4279 4283 4284 4287 4290 4301 4302 4305 4307 4310 4317 4318 4321 4325 4336 4339 4342 4343 4346 4349 4359

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4362 4365 4366 4367 4371 4372 4375 4377 4380 4381 4386 4388 4389 4390 4392 4421 4429 4431 4432 4433 4434 4436 4441 4445 4446 4450 4451 4453 4455 4460 4463 4465 4466 4467 4477 4478 4483

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142

INDEX Acheh ......................................................... 130 ‘Adil Shahs of Bijapur ............................... 109 Afsharid........................................................ 69 ‘Alawi Sharifs ................................................ 4 Algeria............................................................ 7 Alikozai ........................................................ 94 ‘Arabshahid ................................................ 102 Barakzai ....................................................... 94 Barid Shahs of Bidar .................................. 110 Brunei......................................................... 133 Bukhara ...................................................... 104 Durrani ......................................................... 86 Ganja ............................................................ 80 Giray Khans ................................................. 82 Harar, Sultans of .......................................... 10 Hotaki Afghan .............................................. 67 Interregnum .................................................... 3 Janid ........................................................... 102 Johore ......................................................... 132 Karabakh ...................................................... 82 Kazakhs of Tashkent .................................. 103 Kedah ......................................................... 130 Kelantan ..................................................... 130 Khandesh, Sultans of ................................. 111 Khiva, Khans of ......................................... 105

Khoqand, Khans of .................................... 106 Local copper................................................. 10 Macassar .................................................... 133 Maldives..................................................... 128 Mecca, Sharifs of ......................................... 10 Mughal ....................................................... 111 Nizam Shahs of Ahmadnagar..................... 110 Ottoman........................................................ 11 Palembang .................................................. 133 Qajar............................................................. 75 Qasimid .......................................................... 8 Qutb Shahs of Golkonda ............................ 110 Sa‘dian Sharifs ............................................... 1 Safavid ......................................................... 59 Shaybanid..................................................... 99 Sheki ............................................................ 82 Shirvan ......................................................... 81 Sulaymani Sharifs .......................................... 9 Tarkhans ..................................................... 109 Timurid......................................................... 86 Trengganu .................................................. 132 Xinjiang...................................................... 129 Yarkand, Khans of...................................... 129 Zand ............................................................. 73 Zand Rebels ................................................. 75

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