Основы IP-телефонии

Citation preview

«

.

.

. .

-

»

IP-

2012

3

..................................................................................... 6 ........................................................................................................... 7 1. Softswitch ...................................................................................................... 9 1.1.

........................................................................ 9

1.2.

SШПЭЬаТЭМС....................................................................... 10

1.3.

................................................................... 16

1.4.

Softswitch

...................... 20

2. IP Multimedia Subsystem ............................................................................ 23 2.1.

...................................................................... 23

2.2.

IMS ................................................................................. 23

2.3.

................................................................... 27

2.4.

................................................................. 27

2.5

IMS ............................. 29

3.

...................................................... 33

4.

......... 33 4.1.

......................................................................... 33

4.2.

..................................... 48

5. ................................................................................................... 50 5.1.

4

............................................................ 50

5.2.

..................................... 53

5.3.

IMS .......................................................... 55

5.4. S-CSCF .......................... 56 5.5. I-CSCF ........................... 58 6.

............ 60 6.1.

................................................................................ 60

6.2. ......................................................................................................... 63 7.

.................................................. 65 7.1. ............................................................................................. 65 7.2. ................................................................................................ 71 7.3.

IMS .......................................................... 73 ........................................................................................ 75

5

– – – AG – Access Gateway – HTTP – HyperText Transport Protocol – ISDN – Integrated Services Digital Network – – Peer-to-Peer Education – – Session Description Protocol – – SIP for Telephony (IETF Draft) – – User Agent – – User Agent Server – – 7 – – DSS1 – Digital Subscriber Signaling #1 – IETF – Internet Engineering Task Force – ,

-

P2PE SDP SIP-T UA UAS

(SIP) SIP

№7 №1 TCP/IP -

NGN – Next Generation Network – RFC – Request For Comment – , SIP – Session Initiation Protocol – SNTlite – Signaling Network Tester – UAC – User Agent Client – URI – Universal Resource Identificator –

6

, -

IETF

,

. .

-

«

»,

TDM.

NGN/IMS (Next

Generation Network/IP Multimedia Subsystem). SШПЭЬаТЭМС

NGN/IMS

. 1.

. 1.

TDM

.1

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,

TDM.

NGN

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. 1).

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VoIP; NGN

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NGN/IMS. »

»( », 210404 « 210402 « » 230100 «

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NGN,

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),

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(

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(Softswitch),

NGN/IMS.

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NGN/IMS

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μ

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μ -

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210700 « 210406 « », 210407 «

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210400 », »(

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1. SOFTSWITCH 1.1. Softswitch

IVR.

Call Agent

Media Gateway MGC (Media Gateway Controller), Agent, Softswitch.

,

H.323,

,

. ,

, , Call Agent,

.

. -

Softswitch ,

,

–

Call

SGCP (Signaling Gateway Control ProtoIETF MGCP (Media Gateway Control Protocol). Softswitch. Softswitch GK (GateH.323. -

col).

keeper),

,

)–

. Softswitch ( ,

, SШПЭЬаТЭМС , . .

, -

9

,

,

,

-

.

, Softswitch , . . SG (Signaling Gateway),

,

, . SIP ( Softswitch, ,

Megaco,

.

(

.

, IP, . . ,

RTP/UDP/IP ;

,

, . .,

-

Gateway

Controller -

;

Signaling Gateway, ,

,

,

7.

BICC)

μ

,

Media

(Softswitch, Call Agent),

IETF,

. 1)

MОdТa GatОаaв,

,

,

H.323

,

,

,

Softswitch,

Softswitch,

-

-

STP –

SШПЭЬаТЭМС

1.2.

1.2.1.

Softswitch

,

;

. 2:

-

; ;

. , , ; SC-F – ; MGC-F –

10

(

.2

) Softswitch, IPμ AS-F – ; CA-F –

; SPS-F –

-

SIP; R-F – ; MS-F – ; MG-F –

,

; AGS-F – 12 .

,

; A-F – –

.

,

; IW-F –

, ; SG-F – -

,

,

-

, . Ф Function)

. MGC-F (Media Gateway Controller -

. MGC-F

MG-F, MG-F,

IP-

,

, MGC-F

AS-F

R-F ,

,

A-F

Ф

H.248

. MGCP.

MGC-F

,

,

,

, -

CA-F (Call Agent Function) IW-F (Interworking Function) MGC-F. , CA-F, , MGC-F . SIP, SIP-T, BICC, H.323, Q.931, Q.SIG, INAP, ISUP, TCAP, BSSAP, RANAP, MAP CAP , API API JAIN Parlay. , IW-F, , MGC-F , , IP ATM, 7 SIP/H.323 . . Ф R-F A-F (Call Routing Accounting Functions) . R-F MGC-F. A-F , AAA, . . , .

11

–

,

-

MGC-F, (

(AS-F).

-

MGC-F)

И (SCP, , LDAPAS-F, SC-F

Call-Agents,

, ,

-

, ISDN

)

,

SIP/SIP-T, H.323, BICC

SIP, MGCP,H.248

SNMP

SPS-F, R-F, A-F, CA-F, MGC-F

IP-

(

IP-PBX

IP-Телеф

, , QoS) ы, SIP, H.323

7

( IP(

, ) IW-F, SG-F, MG-F

IP , AG, RAN, IAD) MS-F, AGS-F, MG-F

. 2.

VoIP

SШПЭЬаТЭМС

R-F/A-F

(R-F), ,

AS-F

R-F/A-F R-F/A-F/MGC-F A-F –

, ,

-

(A-F),

.

R-F

A-F -

MGC-F, R-F/A-F. , AS-F , . R-F A-F

ENUM

12

IP

TRIP , RADIUS

Diameter .

Ф SIPA-F

-

Ф

, SG-F (

SPS-F (SIP Proxy Server Function) , R-F SIP. SG-F (Signaling Gateway Function) IP, 7.

,

IP-

) (ISUP IP.

(MAP

INAP)

7,

MGC-F MGC-F, .

SG-F SIGTRAN , SG-F

SIGTRAN SG-F TUA, SUA M3UA MGC-F SG-

AGS-F (Access Gateway Signaling IPV5.1/V5.2 AGS-F

ISDN.

TDM

ATM.

ISDN ( )

MGC-F SIGTRAN

AS-F (

),

, ,

, ,

-

AGS-F ),

Ф

SDP,

SG-F 7

CAP) SG-F

SG-F.

over SCTP, F Ф Function)

-

7.

),

V5

RANAP ( AGS-F V5, ISDN 7, M3UA, IUA V5UA over SCTP. AS-F (Application Server Function) . MGC-F ( , MGC-F BSSAP IP.

,

-

MS-F web, ,

API ,

JAIN

webParlay -

13

MGC-F AS-F

MS-F,

,

,

. H.248, LDAP, HTTP, CPL XML. AS-F MGC-F

-

MGC-F SIP, MGCP, ,

-

AS-F MGC-F , AS-F MGC-F API JAIN Parlay. Ф SC-F (Service Control Function) , AS-F . SC-F INAP, CAP MAP, API JAIN Parlay. Ф MG-F (Media Gateway Function) IP, / , , . , – . MG-F / MGC-F MGCP Megaco/H.248; , , , , , .; , , DTMF, ., , MGC-F; , DTMF, / . , MG-F , MGC-F , , . RTP/RTCP H.248. Ф MS-F (Media Server Function)

-

. .

,

,

.

14

,

, AS-F

, MGC-F

, , ,

-

MS-F AS-F (

, ,

-

,

,

(

MGC-F

) MA-F

.

), H.248. -

SIP

,

,

-

, ,

-

.

1.2.2.

(Transport Plane)

,

/

.

IP-

,

, . IP;

μ

IP.

,

, QoS (Quali-

IP (IP Transport Domain)

.

IP, ty of Service).

IP

,

(Interworking Domain) , (Signaling Gateways),

, -

. ;

(Media Gateways),

/ (Interworking Gateways),

. GSM/3G; grated Access Devices);

; .

, ways

-

IP (Non-IP Access Domain) IPIPAccess Gate, , xDSL; IAD (Inte-

.

15

,

IP-

, SIP-

,

IP

, Access Gateway.

1.2.3.

(Call Control & Signaling Plane) IP, , , . Call Control & Signaling Plane

way Controller), Gatekeeper , LDAP -

, , . MGC (Media GateCall Agent, (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol).

1.2.4.

,

.

IP-

(Service & Application Plane) /

, Ap-

. plication Servers

Feature Servers.

, -

,

, IVR

,

. .

-

1.2.5

(Management Plane) , . -

, (

, API.

SNMP),

1.3. Softswitch NGN.

,

, , , Softswitch

16

. .

-

μ Softswitch

,

,

SIP- ), E-DSS1 V5 (

: SIP (

H.323. ISDN, SIGTRAN-

.

7

V5U),

-

R1.5.

μ MGCP Softswitch – SIP-T BICC.

-

Megaco/H.248, , .

-

. 1.3.1.

SIP

, -

«

,

-

,

SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) , IP(VШIP), NGN. SIP », .

SIP -

UDP. SIP-T (SIP for Telephones, RFC 3372)

SIP SIP.

-IP.

SIP , SIP-

(

)

. ,

SIP-

. 1.3.2.

H.323

-

H.323 IP-

.

ISDN, H.323

,

μ RAS,

-

H.225

H.245. H.225

-

H.245 TCP.

RAS UDP.

-

17

RTP.

.323 –

RTCP. .

,

«

» H.323,

,

, Gatekeeper .

1.3.3.

col) MG, MGCP ,

). MGCP, SIP-

,

MGCP

MGCP (Media Gateway Control Proto, : MGC SG. , . master/slave ( / ), MGC – , . MGCP, , (IP, ,

. 1.3.4.

MGCP. ,

, . . Megaco/H.248 UDP, TCP, UDP TCP SCTP Megaco/H.248

MGC MG .

H.248/Megaco

, ,

H.248/Megaco MGCP,

– MGC MG. – master/slave ( / , ,

SCTP (Stream Control Transport Protocol). MGC. , . . .

SDP. C , ITUASN.1,

18

). MG – μ

IETF , -

TagLength-Value (TLV). , MG –

MGC

.

1.3.5.

BICC

ITU-T Q.1λ01, , » (Serving Bearer Independent , ISUP -

BICC, « Nodes, SN). Call Control, . . 7.

,

. BICC TDM.

. 1.3.6.

SIGTRAN

SIGTRAN 7 IPMTP-3, ISUP, DSS1 (Q.931) -

SCCP, TCAP, MAP, INAP, 3 IP. IPSCTP (Stream Control Transmission Protocol). SIGTRAN ISDN (IUA) /ISDN SG MGC. ISDN (PRA BRA) Q.λ31 « », « ». М 2 (M2UA) М

3

IP TCAP, RANAP

CAP IP)

IP.

SG

. .).

.

3 (M3UA) – ,

. SCCP (SUA) IP (

,

,

7,

,

SCCP (MAP

-

19

-

.

1.4.

Softswitch ,

.

,

Softswitch

,

-

Softswitch. 1.4.1. SoПtsаТtМС

SШПЭЬаТЭМС IV.

,

.

,

Softswitch

-

Softswitch .

-

Softswitch NGN

,

, .

.

-

. ,

-

. Softswitch

-

, ,

,

IP. Softswitch ,

-

7

.

,

,

-

1.4.2. SoПtsаТtМС

SШПЭЬаТЭМС (SШПЭЬаТЭМС V )

20

NGN

)

( ,

,

–

.

(

SIP-

IP-

-

). ,

,

IP.

-

Softswitch ( PКЫХКв AG; VoIP

, ,

IP-CОЧЭЫОб, ); 1,5–4

;

VPN;

-

-

;

,

Softswitch. SoПtsаТtМС

1.4.3.

SSP

Softswitch SSP

, SCP.

,

(SSF) SCP

MGC. SSP

-

-

MGC.

SCP «

INAP-R, TDM»,

-

.

μ «

,

IN, Softswitch

SSP

-

SSF,

» SSP

,

;

-

21

»

SSF , SSP,

SSP –

,

-

«

MGC; ,

,

, -

,

;

-

, Softswitch; ,

(

,

.

,

SoПtsаТtМС

1.4.4.

;

(SIP-

. . (IP-

)

ENUM ( URI (

IP.

-

);

-

),

) SIP-

-

;

Softswitch

IP.

22

,

.

. ;

) -

-

Softswitch -

PКЫХКв PКЫХКв,

;

, ;

;

,

-

-

.

,

-

Softswitch

.

Softswitch ,

-

.

,

Softswitch μ (

,

) «

.

Softswitch

.

NGN/IMS»

2. IP MULTIMEDIA SUBSYSTEM 2.1. 2002 . ,

3GPP,

3G,

IMS IP Multimedia Domain

-

. TISPAN (Telecommunications and Internet converged Services and Protocols for Advanced Networking) , IMS FMC (Fixed-Mobile Convergence).

IMS

2.2. IMS (

. 3).

, .

IMS IMS Softswitch.

,

IMS (User Plane), (Application Plane). , . Softswitch, .

(Control Plane) 3GPP IMS, , IMS

.

,

-

,

-

23

.3

.

Dh Sh , Si

Ut

A S

A S

A S

ISC

IP-

Cx

Dx

I- CSCF Mm Mw

Gm

U E

IP -

Mr

P- CSCF

S- CSCF

MRFC

Mw IP-

Gg

CGS N

Mg

Go PDF

MGCF

Mj

BGCF

Mk Mp

Mb

SGW

SGS N

Mn Mb IM- MGW

RA N

CS Mb MRFP

. 3.

IMS

2.2.1.

IMSHSS.

HSS

SLF

HSS

HLR (Home Location Register) HSS , HSS, (Subscriber Location Function), , , SLF HSS, 2.2.2. Ф

,

GSM. HSS.

HSS

-

,

,

SLF .

.

SIP-

CSCF (Call Session Control Function) IMS, , , SIPSIPIMS. CSCF μ Proxy-CSCF (P-CSCF), Interrogating-CSCF (I-CSCF) Serving-CSCF (S-CSCF). , P-CSCF – ( ) IMSIMS. SIP, / -

24

,

,

.

IMSP-CSCF

UA, I-CSCF –

. SIP-

.

SIPI-CSCF SIPI-CSCF

,

SIP,

SIP, .

DNS Diameter

HSS

-

SLF, -

S-CSCF. S-CSCF , I-CSCF . S-CSCF – , . . SIP, . , S-CSCF SIP (SIP-registrar), ( , IP, ) SIP(PUI-Public User Identity). S-CSCF Diameter HSS, , , , . . – SIP . , S-CSCF HSS , , . 2.2.3. Ф

PDF

Policy Decision Function (PDF) P-CSCF, ( P-CSCF.

.

. .),

, PDF

GGSN ,

.

-

2.2.4.

IMS, ,

(Application Servers), , , IMSS-CSCF

.

,

,

-

SIP.

25

,

SIP-

, .

SIP-

2.2.5. Ф

MRF

MRF (Media Resource Function),

, , , . MRF : MRFC – Media Resource Function Controller MRFP – Media Resource Function Processor . MRFC S-CSCF SIP. , MRFC Megaco/H.248 MRFP, , . 2.2.6. Ф

BGCF

Breakout Gateway Control Function –

(

,

. BGCF IMS-

,

, ,

IMS-

,

,

SIP-

BGCF.

2G).

BGCF

, BGCF

–

.

/CS 2.2.7. Ш

,

/CS

,

-

BGCF

/CS

/CS

IMS-

.

, Softswitch: SGW – Signaling Gateway, MGCF – Media Gateway Control Function MGW – Media Gateway. 2.2.8. Ш

(security domain),

Gateway).

. SBC.

26

SEG

,

,

, SEG SEG

, ,

-

SEG (Security -

2.3. –

IMS SIP, NGN,

,

TDM. HSS . RADIUS

, Accounting).

AAA

,

,

(Authentication, TCP SCTP, ,

,

Diameter, IMS

Softswitch, IPv4, IPv6. IP

IPv4

Diameter ,

;

μ ; ,

IPЯ4

IPv4. IP-

32, IP,

IPЯ6.

.

, . -

,

,

,

.

IMS Diameter. , Authorization,

-

IPЯ4 ;

.

-

2.4. IMS (

. 4, 5).

.

27

Naou OoII

Naou IMS

Iai?oaiaaiea OoII

MGCF (Softswitch)

I-CSCF

S-CSCF

Iai?oaiaaiea aucuaaaiiai aaiiaioa

P-CSCF

ISUP: IAM Auai? IM-MGW H.248: ADD req Context ID=? Termination ID=?

H.248:ADD req Context ID=C1 Termination ID=TDM-1

H.248: ADD req Context ID=C1 Termination ID=RTP-1

INVITE 100 TRYING

INViTE 100 TRYING

H.248: MOD req

183 Session Progress

INViTE 100 TRYING

INViTE

183 Session Progress

183 Session Progress

PRACK

PRACK

PRACK

200 OK

200 OK

200 OK

180 Ringing

180 Ringing

180 Ringing

PRACK

PRACK

PRACK

200 OK

200 OK

200 OK

183 Session Progress

Context ID=C1 Termination H.248:ID=RTP-1 MOD

resp Context ID=C1 Termination ID=RTP-1

180 Ringing

ISUP: ACM

. 4.

28

Ringing

IMS р

р

MGCF (Softswitch)

I-CSCF

S-CSCF

P-CSCF

H.248: MOD reg Context ID-C1 Termination ID TDM-1 Procedure: Send TDM Tone Ringing

H.248: MOD resp Context ID=C1 Termination ID=TDM-1

Answer 200 ОК

200 ОК

200 ОК

ACK

А К

А К

BYE

BYE

BYE

200 ОК

200 ОК

200 ОК

H.248: MOD reg Context ID=C1 Termination ID=TDM-1 Procedure: Stop TDM Tone

H.248: MOD resp Context ID=C1 Termination ID=TDM-1

H.248: MOD reg Context ID=C1 Termination ID=RTP-1

H.248: MOD resp Context ID=C1 Termination ID=RTP-1

АЗ О О

ISUP:REL H.248: SUB req Context ID=C1 Termination ID=TDM-1

H.248: SUB resp Context ID=C1 Termination ID=TDM-1

H.248: SUB req Context ID=C1 Termination ID=RTP-1

H.248: SUB resp Context ID=C1 Termination ID=RTP-1

ISUP: RLC

. 5.

2.5

IMS

NGN

.

QoS

IMS.

,

,

QoS. RTP,

IMS SIP

,

,

-

. 29

IMS

,

,

. .

,

– (

, , .

. -

),

(

Instant Messaging). , -

-

,

, IMS

,

. .

,

-

IMS ,

. 6). N

(

2

1

,

-

IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS)

PS

CS

OSS

IN

. 6.

,

IMS

,

30

/

IMS, .

, ,

IPIMS ,

.

,

,

, -

IMS μ

,

,

.

2.5.1. В

, IMS NGN

, IMS

.

-

IMS –

.

,

(

)

(2G)

,

,

.

-

2.5.2.

IMS

, WLAN, xDSL, HFC (Hybrid Fiber Coax) IP, IMS . GSM , 5) GPRS, ,

. .

,

GPRS,

.

3GPP IMS (Release , -

. IMS

,

-

IP connectivity access ,

IPIMS

. 2.5.3.

, XXI

, , , capability,

IMS. ,

IMS (service capability). ,

service

31

, service capability (

,

, . .

). IMS

,

,

. ( G.711),

,

-

,

,

-

,

(

). 2.5.4.

, GPRS( ; .

IMS-

,

μ

– GGSN IMS; – P-CSCF),

RAN

IMS, »

SGSN, -

IP-

–

CS-

2G, «

IMS

2.5.5.

,

,

,

. IMS

,

IMS

,

-

GPRS-

,

,

.

2.5.6.

, IMS

,

. . IMS offline.

32

. IMS ,

,

,

–

,

-

,

IMS-

. online,

-

3.

Э

,

,

. 1

.

-

o , ,

,

-

o Softswitch, , NGN,

o , .

Э

2

-

o , , o , . 3

Э

-

S-CSCF

-

I-CSCF

-

o , , o , , o .

4. 4.1. : 1.

.

-

2. .

33

Npstn ISDN Nisdn ю V5 Nv5, Nj_v5

Npbx, Nk_pbx

AN

PBX

ш ю

IP LAN Nlan, Ni_lan

ш ю

LAN

SIP, H.323 Nsh

L

NGN

. 7.

: )

:

,

)

(RAGW) – N pstn ;

, RAGW – Nisdn ; ,

)

) Ni _ lan – LAN, , I, N lan .–

ISDN,

,

, . ,

 Ni _ LAN 1

34

i–

-

LAN,

,

I

-

SIP/H.323, – N sh ; LAN,

SIP/ H.323.

SIP/H.323, 

,

, N sh

:

-

N lan .

,

-

N sh ,

LAN, ,

,

, μ Ni _ lan I .

LAN

,

,

(

. ,

. 8)

-

Nsh

LAN1

SIP,

Nlan

H.323

LAN

LAN i

LAN

, LAN

N

il a

n

, LAN= Nilan*I

. 8.

SIP/H.323

, ,

(

-

. 9). N1_pbx

M

N pbx

y=0.8

Nm _ pbx m 1

1 Ш

N2_pbx

А

2

А

NM_pbx

M

. λ.

PRI

35

)

, ;

Nm _ pbx

ÓÏ ÀÒÑm , N pbx

–

,

m

-

;

– .

) N j _ v5

,

–

Nv5

-

ISDN-PRA , M –

–

J –

j–

V5, -

ISDN

, ,

V5, V5j,

; V5.

, :

= 0,1 – – yISDN = 0,2 ysh = 0,2 – SIP/ H.323 , – yi _ v5 = 0,8 V5 ( – Ym _ pbx = 0,8 PRI ( y pstn

, , ), ).

SIP/H.323

,

,

LAN, , ,

,

,

,

, Softswitch.

. 10,

,

(

-

.

,

.

, . -

),

,

36

,

, ,

-

,

(

,

-

),

.

Npstn ISDN Nisdn ю V5 Nv5, Nj_v5

AN

Npbx, Nk_pbx PBX

ш ю

IP LAN

ш ю

LAN

Nlan, Ni_lan

SIP, H.323 Nsh

L

. 10.

.

,

,

.

YÒô Î

Ï

–

,

,

,

-

,

-

,

.

,

,

100,

-

,

-

, .

, -

.

.

,

,

μ YÒô Î YISDN

–

Ï

NÒô Î

Ï

yÒô Î

Ï

,

;

(1) ISDN

: YISDN

N ISDN yISDN ;

(2)

37

Yj _ v5

–

, V5:

j,

Yj _V 5

(3)

N j _V 5 yi _V 5 ;

,

, V5, YV 5

–

J

Yj _V 5 yi _V 5

j 1

,

j 1

(4)

N j _V 5 ;

m,

PRI: (5)

Nm _ PBX ym _ PBX ;

Ym _ PBX

,

: M

YPBX

. .

M

Ym _ PBX

m 1

ym _ PBX

(6)

Nm _ PBX . m 1

,

-

,

J

yi _V 5

K

N j _V 5

yk _ PBX

j 1

yÒô Î

Ï

NÒô Î

, , ,

– (

Ï

N k _ PBX

(7)

k 1

yISDN N ISDN .

,

, , . .

. 11).

Ш

. 11.

38

-

,

YGW

,

-

: J

Ym _ pbx

-

-

,

, ).

, (

Y’1

Y1

Y1=Y’1

.12. VCOD _ m

–

. VCOD _ m

m

–

. 1. 1 -

VCOD _ m ,

,

/

G. 711 G. 723.1 I/r G. 723.1 h/r G. 729

64 6,4 5,3 8

,

80 20 24 10

134 74 78 64

k

134/80=1,675 74/20=3,7 78/274=3,25 64/10=6,4

Vtrans _ cod , /

108,8 23,68 17,225 51,2

,

-

m, : Vtrans _ cod

k–

.

(8)

k VCOD _ m ,

,

,

G.711.

RTP/UDP/IP/Ethernet (

. ) 54

μ (12+8+20+14).

134 : k = 134/80 = 1,675.

.

39

,

1,7

А

Е Е А

(RTP/UDP/IP/ Ethernet)

μ (

. 13).

А

80

12+8+20+4 =54

134 . 13.

G.711,

IP

VoIP

,

,

.

-

,

, DTMF «64 / ,

».

. .

-

, . . G.711. . . ,

,

IP-

. ,

SIP, H.323 . .

,

SIP

-

H.323

,

, .

40

LAN, -

, . . ,

, ,

.

.

-

. (

. 14): , . ,

, ,

,

-

.

,

. QoS

(

-

.

,

,

, (

-

,

, –

)

.

), .

-

И

Ш V5

PBX

. 14.

41

,

-

(

),

,

.

,

QoS

. . .

t–

.

,

(

,

.). ,

t=2 – ρ–

-

2

, .

, , . (

-

,

-

,

), , QoS. x–

, .

Vtrans _ cod _ i

N–

–

i,

.

,

i

(9)

Vtrans _ cod _ i N .

Vc _ i

L

VGW

i 1

(10)

Vc _ i ,

L–

. : M

V

VGW ,

j 1

42

j

(11)

M–

. ю N Vcod ik 1

Vgw

2

L

. 15.

К

Э Э

1) 2) 3)

:

Ч

;

;

; ,

.

: Y = 50 Э ; p = 0,03

. ) :

(

V = 59

43

,

.

(

).

,

QoS

. .

(

. 16).

,

,

,

.

, .

,

,

-

-

– , .

,

,

-

,

1

И 1

τ

ρ

. 16.

-

. ,

, Vtrans _ cod Lpacket _ cod

Vtrans_cod – Lpacket_cod –

μ

44

μ

,

(12) ,

; . -

N i

,

(13)

i 1

N–

.

, 1

S (1)

–

μ (14)

,

,µ–

. .

ITU ( 100

(

-

. 17):

IP

-

VoIP

.

,

. Ш

. .). Ш

1

2

IP

2

3

1

. 17.

( ,

),

μ (15)

.

,

ρ,

τμ V

,

(16)

.

,

-

,

, .

-

,

, 45

,

,

-

,

. ,

Megaco/H.248, N MEGACO

. –

LMEGACO

(

)

–

Megaco/H.248 ,

– NV 5UA –

V5UA,

LV 5UA

– N IUA –

-

IUA

-

IUA, ,

–

N SIP

V5UA ,

LIUA

LSH

-

SIP/H.323, SIP/H.323

– .

MEGACO,

,

, VMEGACO

ksig [( PÒô Î

Ï

· NÒô Î

Ï

-

μ

PISDN · N ISDN

PV 5 ·NV 5 PPBX ·N PBX ) LMEGACO ·N MEGACO ] / 450,

NV 5

ksig

46

M N m _V 5 ,

N LAN

I Ni _ LAN ,

(18) (19) -

.;

–

, ;

–

PISDN

PPBX

N PBX

(17)

–

PÒô Î Ï

PV 5

J N j _V 5 ,

–

ISDN;

(

,

-

)

-

)

-

, –

(

V5; ,

;

PSH –

, SIP, H.323 ( ,

-

, LAN).

,

-

, . 18.

T–

,

.

t 1, t 2, …, t 5 –

. 18.

,

,

, μ ksig

T/

(20)

ti . i

0,2

ksig =5,

). 1/ 450 – » (8/3600=1/450), ksig =5, ,

1/λ0, ,

, (

«

»

, 5·1/450=1/λ0. , .

( . . «

-

, -

,

-

/ ): VISDN VV 5 VPBX VSH

( PISDN N ISDN LIUA N IUA) / 90, ( PV 5 NV 5 LV 5UA NV 5UA) / 90, ( PPBX NPBX LIUA N IUA) / 90, ( PSH NSH LSH NSH ) / 90,

(21) (22) (23) (24)

47

VLAN

(25)

( PSH NLAN LSH NSH ) / 90.

4.2.

.

-

Npstn ISDN Nisdn ю V5 Nv5, Nj_v5

AN

Npbx, Nk_pbx PBX

ш ю

IP LAN

ш ю

LAN

Nlan, Ni_lan

SIP, H.323 Nsh

L

. 19. Softswitch

5

NGN

. NGN

, -

. (

«

»

)

,

. 2. 2

48

PPSTN

PISDN

PV 5

PPBX

PSH

5

10

35

35

10

-

, : PCALL

PÒô Î

PSH N SH

PV 5 NV 5

,

.

Ï

PISDN N ISDN PPBX N PBX

PSH N LAN .

,

(26)

, . . ISDN,

-

,

-

, »

«

, «

NÒô Î

Ï

.

, »

-

. .

-

,

-

( PSX )

PCALL

μ PSX

kÒô Î

Ï

PÒô Î

Ï

NÒô Î

kISDN PISDN N ISDN

Ï

J

kV 5 PV 5

j 1

M

N j _V 5

kPBX PPBX

m 1

N m _ BX

(27)

I

kSH PSH N SH

kSH PSH

i 1

Ni _ LAN .

49

5. 5.1. Npstn ISDN Nisdn ю V5 Nv5, Nj_v5

AN

Npbx, Nk_pbx PBX

ш ю

IP LAN Nlan, Ni_lan

ш ю

LAN

SIP, H.323 Nsh

L

. 20.

NGN

.

.

E1, o

-

μ

,

7

-

MGW SGW;

o

, Softswitch . Softswitch;

7 MGW

-

, ; -

;

,

. : Nl _ E1

–

1

,

-

l, yÅ1

50

–

64

/

1,

–

Yl _ GW

,

, VINT N INT I

–

,

–

,

–

,

Ni _ INT Vi _ INT

N E1

–

I,

–

I,

–

E1,

. (

) (28)

Nl _ E1 30 yE1.

Yl _ GW

в

0,8

1

.

. ,

. 4. .3

-

,

(12), ITU . (14)

,

.

QoS

VoIP

. -

.

3

QOS 1

2

3

4

IP, IPDT

100

400

100

400

IP, IPDV

50

50

IP, IPLR

5

0,001 0,001 0,001 0,001

51

IP, IPER 0,0001 0,0001 0,0001 0,0001

(15) ,

(16)

. .

,

MEGACO,

,

μ

/ ), (29) MEGACO .

ksig LMEGACO N MEGACO PMEGACO / 450

VMEGACO

PMEGACO

-

– ;

5,

ksig

,

MGW (

/ )

VMEGACO .

VGW

(

(30) -

.

-

μ VGW

N INT VINT

(

/ ).

(31) (31)

μ I

VGW

i 1

( Ni _ INT Vi _ INT ) (

/ ).

(32) ,

.

μ N INT

VINT

, (M2UA

52

VGW VINT

(33)

,

– (

. 7)

, MxUA M3UA).

5.2. (

. 21)

-

. ,

.

Npstn ISDN Nisdn ю V5 Nv5, Nj_v5

AN

Npbx, Nk_pbx PBX

ш ю

IP LAN Nlan, Ni_lan

ш ю

LAN

SIP, H.323,MGCP,MEGACO Nshm

L

4

. 21. Softswitch

NGN

-

.

/

,

1,

PCH

–

PGW

–

. 64

64 -

1, μ

,

/ ,

, L –

-

, ,

. l

(

, Pl _ GW

,

,

μ

/

),

(34)

Nl _ E1 30 PCH .

(

/

),

-

53

L

PSX

l 1

L

30 PCH

Pl _ GW

l 1

(35)

Nl _ E1.

, . 7 M3UA,

Softswitch μ

– NMXUA –

LMXUA

–

LMEGACO N MEGACO

PSIG

M2UA

. (

,

)

(

)

-

MEGACO, ,

–

MEGACO ,

–

,

.

Softswitch ( MxUA: VSX _ MXUA

k–

MxUA, MxUA

/ ),

-

ksig LMXUA N MXUA PSX / 450 ,

.

,

(36) (

/ ),

-

MEGACO: VSX _ MEGACO

(

/ ),

ksig ·LMEGACO ·N MEGACO ·PSX / 450,

μ VSX

(

(

/ ) VSIG

. -

,

. MxUA,

(38)

VSX _ MXUA VSX _ MEGACO .

SGW

54

(37) Softswitch

,

-

)μ ksig PSIG LMXUA N MXUA / 450.

(39)

IMS

5.3. . 22

IMS. 3GPP.

IMS,

,

.

,

IMS, Softswitch

Softswitch,

MRF /

,

MGCF. I-CSCF, P-CSCF S-CSCF, . -

( )

(AS).

SG SI GT RA

SS

N

TG

H.2

SIP

48

I-CSCF

SI P

SIP

Е Ь

DI AM

ET ER

SIP

SIP

SIP

P-CSCF

HSS

ETER

DIAM SIP

MRF

S-CSCF

P SI

SIP

P SI AS

AS AS

IMS

. 22.

,

IMS.

, .

IMS

. 22

/

,

. 4.

-

,

. MGCF/Softswitch

.4 ,

.

,

.

-

55

,

,

.

,

5.4.

S-CSCF IMS, S-CSCF.

,

SIP. (

-

. 23).

SG SI GT RA

SS

N

Е Ь

H.2

SIP

48

I-CSCF

SI P

SIP

TG

DI AM

ET ER

SIP

SIP

SIP

P-CSCF

HSS

ETER

DIAM

SIP

MRF

S-CSCF

P SI

SIP

P SI AS

AS AS

IMS

. 23. S-CSCF

, . , 56

.

, , ,

IMS

,

,

IMS , ,

-

,

.

S-CSCF, ,

SIP.

Softswitch ( . 23), MGCF. Softswitch SIP , S-CSCF. I-CSCF Softswitch , . CSCF

IMS I-CSCF, SIP S-CSCF

, .

, S-CSCF

.

μ

–:

SIP a) SS S-CSCF – N sip1 , b) MRF S-CSCF – N sip 2 , c) AS S-CSCF – Nsip 3 , d) I-CSCF X% – Y%. Vss-s-csc f

; Vas-s-csc f

–

, S-

, S-CSCF (AS). MGCF, I-CSCF, MRF, AS. SIPP-CSCF, ,

(MRF)

S-CSCF – N sip 4 , SIP , MRF; , AS;

– Lsip ; MGCF SIP

–

, -

-

S-CSCF,

(AS) SIP

S-CSCF, ;

57

Vmrf -s-csc f

–

; Vi-csc f -s-csc f

Vs-csc f

-

MRF S-CSCF, SIP –

I-CSCF SIP

; –

S-CSCF, -

S-CSCF, SIP

. S-CSCF

μ

IMS

-

Vs-csc f

Vi

csc f s csc f

Vmrf -s-csc f Vas

Vss

s csc f

s csc f ,

(40) Vss

s csc f

ksig Lsip ·N sip1·Psx / 450,

(41)

Vas

s csc f

ksig Lsip ·N sip 2 ·Psx · X % / 450,

(42)

s csc f

ksig Lsip ·N sip 3·Psx ·Y% / 450,

(43)

csc f s csc f

ksig Lsip ·Nsip 4 ·Psx / 450;

(44)

Vmrf Vi

Psx , ksig

(40) -

Lsip ,

(44),

: .4

Psx

(40). .4

ksig

. Lsh ,

Lsip

-

. 4.

,

5.5. , , SIP-

I-CSCF

S-CSCF,

I-CSCF

,

HSS

.

SLF, S-

CSCF. I-CSCF . 24, I-CSCF P-CSCF HSS.

58

. S-CSCF, ,

,

-

Softswitch (MGCF), HSS

-

-

DIAMETER,

.

I-CSCF

-

.

SIP,

SG SI GT RA

SS

N

H.2

SIP

48

I-CSCF

SI P

SIP

TG

Е Ь

DI AM

ET ER

SIP

SIP

SIP

P-CSCF

HSS

ETER

DIAM

SIP

MRF

S-CSCF

P SI

SIP

P SI AS

AS AS

IMS

. 24. I-CSCF

IMS

Д I-CSCF SIP1) SIPa) I-CSCF S-CSCF – N sip 4 , b) SSW I-CSCF – Nsip5 . SIP

2) Vi Vss

csc f

–

i csc f

Softswitch (MGCF) S-CSCF. :

μ

–

Lsip

.

I-CSCF, –

SIP

, SoftSwitch SIP

I-CSCF, -

.

59

: Vi Vi

Vss

csc f

i csc f

(45)

csc f s csc f .

Vi

(44),

csc f s csc f

Vss

-

i csc f

μ Vss

i csc f

(46)

ksig ( Lsip ·N sip 5·Psx ).

-

IMS S-CSCF

I-CSCF.

6. 6.1. μ 20%

–

G.711

20%

–

G.723 I/r

30%

–

G.723 h/r

30%

–

G.729A.

n = 0,9.

μ 30%

–

G.711

30%

–

G.723 I/r

20%

–

G.723 h/r

20%

–

G.729A.

n = 0,5.

4

60

KPSTN

KISDN

KV 5

KPBX

KSHM

1,25 1,3

1,75 1,8

2 1,9

1,75 1,8

1,9 2

5 1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

NPSTN ( )

500 0

8000 0

1100 0

1400 0

1200 0

600 0

700 0

1500 0

1000 0

500 0

1300 0

750 0

850 0

900 0

1100 0

2000 0

1000 0

1550 0

800 0

500 0

N ISDN ( )

500

300

700

600

800

200

400

1000

600

200

900

350

550

400

600

1200

1500

900

1300 0 110 0

500

700

N sh ( )

100

150

200

250

100

50

150

200

250

50

100

100

150

50

200

250

1000

100 0

300

200

150

8

7

6

5

4

7

8

9

5

4

6

8

9

3

5

9

7

10

3

5

7

40

30

20

50

30

40

60

70

20

40

30

20

50

30

60

70

40

70

90

20

50

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

6

8

9

2

3

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

60

50

40

30

20

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

1

6

5

4

3

2

100

150

120

140

130

90

100

80

200

150

120

130

150

200

100

250

100

300

400

200

150

150

145

155

150

145

155

150

145

155

150

145

155

150

145

155

150

150

155

145

150

155

( -

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

)

145

150

155

145

150

155

145

150

155

145

150

155

145

150

155

145

150

150

155

145

150

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

155

145

150

155

145

150

155

145

150

155

145

150

155

145

150

155

145

145

150

155

150

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

I ( )

Ni _ lan J

N j _ v5

( )

M

Nm _ pbx

( )

LMEGACO

(

N MEGACO

)

.)

LV 5UA ( (

NV 5UA .) (

LIUA (

N IUA

)

.)

61

5 1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

140

145

150

155

140

145

150

155

140

145

150

155

140

145

150

155

160

160

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

5

4

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

9

8

7

1000

1500

2000

2500

1000

1500

2000

250 0

100 0

150 0

200 0

2500

1000

1500

2000

1

2

3

4

5

1

2

3

4

5

1

2

3

4

6000

5000

7000

6500

7500

8500

5500

600 0

500 0

700 0

650 0

7500

8500

160

150

140

145

155

165

170

175

145

150

155

160

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

18000

10000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

45000

10000

1500 0

0,25

0,20

0,21

0,22

0,23

0,24

0,25

0,2

0,21

N sip1

10

5

15

10

5

15

10

5

N sip 2

5

15

10

5

15

10

5

N sip 3

5

10

15

5

10

15

N sip 4

10

15

5

10

15

N sip 5

15

10

5

15

X%

15

20

30

Y%

40

30

20

LSH ( ) N’SH ( ) Nl_E1 Pch / )

( L(

2)

Pmegaco ( / )

(

Lmxua ( ) Nmxua

) P sig ( / ) Ρ(

/

62

)

20

21

145

140

10

19 15 5 10

10

10

6

5

4

3

2

2500

1000

1500

2000

2500

1000

5

1

2

3

4

5

1

5500

6000

5000

7000

6500

7500

8500

5500

165

170

175

160

150

140

145

155

165

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

1000 0

2000 0

25000

30000

35000

40000

45000

10000

15000

20000

25000

0,22

0,23

0,24

0,25

0,2

0,21

0,22

0,23

0,24

0,25

0,2

0,21

15

10

5

15

10

5

15

10

5

15

10

5

15

15

10

5

15

10

5

15

10

5

15

10

5

15

10

5

10

15

5

10

15

5

10

15

5

10

15

5

10

15

5

10

15

5

10

15

5

10

15

5

10

15

5

10

15

5

10

5

15

10

5

15

10

5

15

10

5

15

10

5

15

10

5

40

50

60

50

40

30

15

20

30

40

50

60

15

20

30

40

50

60

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

10

15

6.2.

.

,

. .

, , .

-

,

-

,

.

,

,

, -

. .

-

.

-

, ,

.

(210 297 16

,

.

,

.

.

) .

14

.

4

μ Times New Roman Cyr.

.

,

,

. . .

μ ,

μ

.

,

.

.

,

.

.

14

,

μ .

-

.

.

,

-

63

.

. . 25.

-

. . . . ______________________________________________ ________________________________________________

________________________________________________

NGN/IMS

(

)

№ ИИИИИИИИИИИИ № ИИИИИИИИИИИИ ИИИИИИИИИИИИИИИИИИИИИИИ (________________________) (

)

( . . .)

ИИИИИИИИИИИИИИИИИИИИИИИ (

,

(________________________)

)

( . . .)

ИИИИИИИИИИИИИИИИИИИИИИИ (________________________) 201И . . 25.

; . .

64

,

-

7. .

7.1.

. 6

NÒô Î

Ï

5000

N ISDN

500

NSH

100

I

8 LAN 40

Ni _ lan K N k _ pbx

3 100

N j _V 5

2 90

LMEGACO

150

N MEGACO

10

Lv5ua

145

Nv5ua

10

Liua

155

Niua

10

Lsh

140

N ’sh

10

Lmgcp

150

Nmgcp

10

J

65

,

.

: YÒô Î

yÒô Î

Ï

Ï

·NÒô Î Ï =0,1·5000=500 (

).

ISDN: =0,2·500=100 (

yISDN ·N ISDN

YISDN

). j

y j _ v5·N j _ v5 =0,8·λ0=72

Yj _ v5

(

V5:

).

,

,

V5:

J

J

Yj _V 5 0.8

YV 5

j 1

Yv5 =2·72=144

j 1

(

N j _V 5 .

). k:

Yk _ pbx

yk _ pbx ·Nk _ pbx

,

=0,8·100= 80 (

). ,

μ Ypbx

=3·80=240 (

). ,

,

,

: YGW

YÒô Î

Ï

YISDN

Yv5 Ypbx

=500+100+240+144=λ84 (

). «

»,

POTS = 2000,

V5 = 5, 3 . 26.

-

ISDN = 500, PBX = 3. ,

.

-

, ,

66

,

-

,

.

-

Npstn =2000 J=2; Nj_v5=90

GW1

Npstn =2000 GW2 M=3;Nm_pbx=100

Npstn =1000 Nisdn=500

GW3

LAN

SIP/H.323

. 26.

GW1 « POTS ISDN PRI V5

1» 2000 500 3 5

(

)

2000 0 0 2

GА2 « POTS ISDN PRI V5

1» 2000 500 3 5

(

)

2000 0 3 0

67

GW3

-

«

(

1»

POTS ISDN PRI V5

2000 500 3 5

2000 500 0 0 «

2».

-

. «

2»

-

(

) MG

300

(

) 3

SIP/H.323 LAN

100

111

8

, 20% 20% 30% 30%

.

,

– – – –

μ G.711, G.723 I/r, G.723 h/r, G.72λ . μ

Vtranc _ cod

G. 711 = 134/80 64 = 107,2 (

Vtranc _ cod

G. 723.1 I/Ы = 74/20 6,4 = 23,68 (

/ )

G. 723.1 h/r Vtranc _ cod = 78/24 5,3 = 17,225 (

/ )

G. 729

68

)

/ )

-

-

Vtranc _ cod

= 64/10 8 = 51,2 (

/ )

,

. .

. -

.

1YGW _1

YPSTN

Yv5

yPSTN N PSTN

yv5 Nv5 = 200+144

.

= 344

,

.

G. 711 YGW _1 = 344 0,2 = 68,8

-

.

G. 723.1 I/Ы YGW _1 = 344 0,2 = 68,8

.

G. 723.1 h/r YGW _1 = 344 0,3 = 103,2

.

G. 729 YGW _1 = 344 0,3 = 103,2

. . ρ(

(x),

, ,

G. 711: Х=55; G. 723.1 I/Ы: Х=55; G. 723.1 h/r: Х=81; G. 729: Х=81. , VC (G _ 711) = 55 107,2 = 58λ6 (

, ) = 0,25:

-

G. 711: / ). μ

VC (G. 723.1 I /r ) = VC (G. 723.1h / r ) =

55 23,68 = 1302,4 (

/ ),

81 17,225 = 13λ5,225 (

VC (G . 729) =

81 51,2 = 4147,2 (

/ ), / ),

μ VGW _1 = 5896 + 1302, 4 + 13λ5,225 + 4147,2 = 12740,λ ( (

/ ).

. 27).

69

Ш

1

X=55

Y=200

G.711 Y=68.8 V=12740,9 V=5896 Y=68.8

X=55

G.723.1 H/r

/

V=1032,4

/

V=1395,225

Y=103,2

V=4147,2

Y=144

/ /

X=81

G.723.1 I/r

Ygw1=344 V5

X=81

Y=103,2

G.729

. 27.

2VGW _ 2 =

16010,1 (

/ );

VGW _3 =

7603,44 (

/ ).

μ

: V=12740,λ + 16010,1 + 7603,44 = 36354,44 (

/ ). .

μ =107,2/134 = 0,8; G .711 G. 723.1

I /r

= 0,32;

G. 723.1

h/r

= 0,22;

G .711

μ

= 0,8. -

= 0,8 + 0,32 + 0,22 + 0,8 = 2,14. = 1/100 + 2,14 = 2,15.

,

70

μ ρ = 2,14/2,15 = 0,λλ5.

μ

,

-

/

,

LAN, PBX NV 5

τμ τ = 36354,44/0,λλ5 = 36537,13 ( , V5:

-

/ ).

2 90 180,

J N j _V 5

N PBX

M N m _V 5

N LAN

I Ni _ LAN

3 100 300, 8 40 320.

MEGACO,

,

, ksig [( PÒô Î

VMEGACO

,

, ρ,

Ï

· NÒô Î

Ï

-

μ

PISDN · N ISDN PV 5 · NV 5

PPBX ·N PBX ) ·LMEGACO · N MEGACO ]

= 5·150·10 (5·5000+10·500+35·180+35·300)/450=780000 (

VMEGACO

PISDN ·N ISDN ·Liua ·Niua ) /λ0=10·500·155·10/λ0=86111 (

VISDN

/ ),

( Pv5·Nv5·Lv5ua ·Nv5ua ) /λ0=35·180·145·10/λ0=101500 (

Vv5

/ ),

( PPBX ·NPBX ·Liua ·Niua ) / λ0=35·300·155·10/λ0=180833 (

VPBX

( PSH ·NSH ·LSH ·N’SH ) / λ0=100·10·140·10/λ0=15556 (

VSH

/ ),

/ ),

( PSH ·NLAN ·LSH ·N’SH ) / λ0=140·10·320·10/λ0=49778 (

VLAN

/ ). μ

/ ).

7.2.

, PCALL

μ P

Òô Î Ï

PV 5 NV 5

PCALL

N

Òô Î Ï

PPBX N PBX

PISDN N ISDN

PSH N SH

PSH N LAN ,

= 5·5000 + 10·500 + 10·100 + 35·180 + 35·300 + 10·320 = 51000 (

/

). -

PCALL : J

PSX

k

Òô Î Ï

P

Òô Î Ï

N

Òô Î Ï

kISDN PISDN N ISDN

M

kPBX PPBX

m 1

kV 5 PV 5

j 1

N j _V 5

I

N m _ PBX

kSH PSH N SH

kSH PSH

i 1

Ni _ LAN .

71

PSX

= 1,25·5·5000 + 1,75·10·500 + 2·35·180 + 1,75·35·300 + 1,λ·10·100 + + 1,λ·10·320 = 78λ55 ( / ) (L)

,

L = 1;

,

μ

Nl _ E1 30 yE1.

Yl _ GW

(

),

= 5·30·0,8 = 120 (

Yl _ GW

). -

,

μ = 36537,13 ( ,

,

/ ). -

MEGACO: Vmegaco

ksig Lmegaco Nmegaco Pmegaco / 450

Vmegaco =

5·150·10·6000/450 = 100000 (

, VGW

VGW

VMEGACO

= 5·30·1000=150000 (

L

,

72

l 1

30 PCH

sig

l 1

). -

Nl _ E1.

μ

Pl _ gw

=150000= Pi _ GW =150000 (

MxUA, k

/

L

Pl _ GW

Psx Psx

/ ).

, PSX

Vsx _ mxua

(

,

μ

μ

MGW / ).

,

μ N1_ Å1·30·Pch

/ ), / ).

= 365370 + 100000 = 465370 (

l, P1_ gw

(

/

– L=1,

).

Softswitch, μ

·Lmxua · N mxua ·Psx / 450 5·160·10·150000 / 4502666667(áèò / ñ) .

-

,

μ

MGCP, ksig ·Lmegaco ·N megaco ·Psx / 4505·150·10·150000 / 450

Vsx _ megaco

, Vsx

,

-

2500000 áèò / ñ .

Softswitch, -

μ ksig ·Psig · ( Lmxua ·N mxua

Lmegaco ·N megaco ) / 450

2666667 2500000 5166667 áèò / ñ .

MxUA, (

, )μ ksig ·Psig ·Lmxua ·N mxua / 450

Vsig

5·18000·160·10 / 450

320000 áèò / ñ .

IMS

7.3.

S-CSCF .

S-CSCF Vss

s csc f

Nsip1

10

Nsip2

5

Nsip3

5

Nsip4

10

Lsip X% Y% Nsip5

140 15% 40% 15

, Softswitch:

ksig ( Lsh ·Nsip1·Psx ) / 450

5·140·10·150000 / 450

, S-CSCF Vas

s csc f

ksig ( Lsh ·N sip 2 ·Psx · X %) / 450

, S-CSCF

7

2333333 (áèò / ñ).

(AS): 5·140·5·150000·0,15 / 450 175000 (

/ ).

-

MRF:

73

Vmrf

ksig ( Lsh ·N sip 3 ·Psx ·Y%) / 450

s csc f

Vs Vss

Vi

csc f s csc f

/ ).

-

ksig ( Lsh ·Nsip 4 ·Psx ) / 450 5·140·10·150000 / 450

csc f s csc f

466667 (

, I-CSCF:

S-CSCF Vi

5·140·5·150000·0, 4 / 450

csc f s csc f

Vmrf

Vas

s csc f

2333333 (áèò / ñ).

s csc f

2333333 175000 466667 2333333 5308333 (áèò / ñ).

I-CSCF

Softswitch

I-CSCF ( SIP

. 28),

-

: Vss

Vi

i csc f

csc f

ksig · ( Lsh ·Nsip 5·Psx ) / 450 5·140·15·150000 / 450

Vss

i csc f

Vi

csc f s csc f

3500000 5308333

, (

3500000 (áèò / ñ).

8808333 (áèò / ñ).

,

.4 «

»), .

SG SIG TR

TG

48 H.2 Vss_s-cscf=2,3 /

Vss_i-scscf=3,5

/

SIP

ET ER

SIP

SIP

MRF

DI AM

P-CSCF

SIP

Vmrf_s-cscf=0,5

HSS

I-CSCF

SI P

SIP

Е Ь

SS

AN

Vi-cscf_s-cscf= 2,3 /

/

ETER

DIAM

SIP

S-CSCF Vas_s-cscf=0,2

AS

/

P SI

SIP

P SI

AS AS

IMS

. 28.

74

IMS.

S-CSCF

I-CSCF

. . SШПЭЬаТЭМС/

-

.–

, И. . NGNμ ; . . . . – .μ , 2008. , . . / . . . . 2. – . μ , 2005. , . . SIP / . . , . . ; « ». – .: , 2005. 5. , . . Megaco/H.248 / . . , . . . . ; « ». – – , 2009.

/

1. , . : BHV, 2006. 2. . . 3. 1. 4. . .

. .

,

. .

; . –

,

, . :

6. http://www.niits.ru/ 7. http://www.skri.sut.ru/ 8. http://www.protei.ru/

75