269 63 1MB
Russian Pages [73]
«
.
.
. .
-
»
IP-
2012
3
..................................................................................... 6 ........................................................................................................... 7 1. Softswitch ...................................................................................................... 9 1.1.
........................................................................ 9
1.2.
SШПЭЬаТЭМС....................................................................... 10
1.3.
................................................................... 16
1.4.
Softswitch
...................... 20
2. IP Multimedia Subsystem ............................................................................ 23 2.1.
...................................................................... 23
2.2.
IMS ................................................................................. 23
2.3.
................................................................... 27
2.4.
................................................................. 27
2.5
IMS ............................. 29
3.
...................................................... 33
4.
......... 33 4.1.
......................................................................... 33
4.2.
..................................... 48
5. ................................................................................................... 50 5.1.
4
............................................................ 50
5.2.
..................................... 53
5.3.
IMS .......................................................... 55
5.4. S-CSCF .......................... 56 5.5. I-CSCF ........................... 58 6.
............ 60 6.1.
................................................................................ 60
6.2. ......................................................................................................... 63 7.
.................................................. 65 7.1. ............................................................................................. 65 7.2. ................................................................................................ 71 7.3.
IMS .......................................................... 73 ........................................................................................ 75
5
– – – AG – Access Gateway – HTTP – HyperText Transport Protocol – ISDN – Integrated Services Digital Network – – Peer-to-Peer Education – – Session Description Protocol – – SIP for Telephony (IETF Draft) – – User Agent – – User Agent Server – – 7 – – DSS1 – Digital Subscriber Signaling #1 – IETF – Internet Engineering Task Force – ,
-
P2PE SDP SIP-T UA UAS
(SIP) SIP
№7 №1 TCP/IP -
NGN – Next Generation Network – RFC – Request For Comment – , SIP – Session Initiation Protocol – SNTlite – Signaling Network Tester – UAC – User Agent Client – URI – Universal Resource Identificator –
6
, -
IETF
,
. .
-
«
»,
TDM.
NGN/IMS (Next
Generation Network/IP Multimedia Subsystem). SШПЭЬаТЭМС
NGN/IMS
. 1.
. 1.
TDM
.1
«
,
TDM.
NGN
»
, ,
, .
, (
. 1).
. 1).
, SШПЭЬаТЭМС (
,
, -
V5.2, INAP .
7
, ,
,
.
VoIP; NGN
/ ,
-
,
,
,
, , . . ,
8)
( . .)
. –
,
, NGN.
NGN/IMS. »
»( », 210404 « 210402 « » 230100 «
8
-
NGN,
,
.
,
,
),
,
-
,
,
,
,
, ,
(
-
(Softswitch),
NGN/IMS.
«
-
NGN/IMS
(
μ
.
μ -
-
. -
210700 « 210406 « », 210407 «
,
210400 », »(
) -
230101 «
,
230102 « », 230105 «
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.
.
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. .
,
-
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),
.
1. SOFTSWITCH 1.1. Softswitch
IVR.
Call Agent
Media Gateway MGC (Media Gateway Controller), Agent, Softswitch.
,
H.323,
,
. ,
, , Call Agent,
.
. -
Softswitch ,
,
–
Call
SGCP (Signaling Gateway Control ProtoIETF MGCP (Media Gateway Control Protocol). Softswitch. Softswitch GK (GateH.323. -
col).
keeper),
,
)–
. Softswitch ( ,
, SШПЭЬаТЭМС , . .
, -
9
,
,
,
-
.
, Softswitch , . . SG (Signaling Gateway),
,
, . SIP ( Softswitch, ,
Megaco,
.
(
.
, IP, . . ,
RTP/UDP/IP ;
,
, . .,
-
Gateway
Controller -
;
Signaling Gateway, ,
,
,
7.
BICC)
μ
,
Media
(Softswitch, Call Agent),
IETF,
. 1)
MОdТa GatОаaв,
,
,
H.323
,
,
,
Softswitch,
Softswitch,
-
-
STP –
SШПЭЬаТЭМС
1.2.
1.2.1.
Softswitch
,
;
. 2:
-
; ;
. , , ; SC-F – ; MGC-F –
10
(
.2
) Softswitch, IPμ AS-F – ; CA-F –
; SPS-F –
-
SIP; R-F – ; MS-F – ; MG-F –
,
; AGS-F – 12 .
,
; A-F – –
.
,
; IW-F –
, ; SG-F – -
,
,
-
, . Ф Function)
. MGC-F (Media Gateway Controller -
. MGC-F
MG-F, MG-F,
IP-
,
, MGC-F
AS-F
R-F ,
,
A-F
Ф
H.248
. MGCP.
MGC-F
,
,
,
, -
CA-F (Call Agent Function) IW-F (Interworking Function) MGC-F. , CA-F, , MGC-F . SIP, SIP-T, BICC, H.323, Q.931, Q.SIG, INAP, ISUP, TCAP, BSSAP, RANAP, MAP CAP , API API JAIN Parlay. , IW-F, , MGC-F , , IP ATM, 7 SIP/H.323 . . Ф R-F A-F (Call Routing Accounting Functions) . R-F MGC-F. A-F , AAA, . . , .
11
–
,
-
MGC-F, (
(AS-F).
-
MGC-F)
И (SCP, , LDAPAS-F, SC-F
Call-Agents,
, ,
-
, ISDN
)
,
SIP/SIP-T, H.323, BICC
SIP, MGCP,H.248
SNMP
SPS-F, R-F, A-F, CA-F, MGC-F
IP-
(
IP-PBX
IP-Телеф
, , QoS) ы, SIP, H.323
7
( IP(
, ) IW-F, SG-F, MG-F
IP , AG, RAN, IAD) MS-F, AGS-F, MG-F
. 2.
VoIP
SШПЭЬаТЭМС
R-F/A-F
(R-F), ,
AS-F
R-F/A-F R-F/A-F/MGC-F A-F –
, ,
-
(A-F),
.
R-F
A-F -
MGC-F, R-F/A-F. , AS-F , . R-F A-F
ENUM
12
IP
TRIP , RADIUS
Diameter .
Ф SIPA-F
-
Ф
, SG-F (
SPS-F (SIP Proxy Server Function) , R-F SIP. SG-F (Signaling Gateway Function) IP, 7.
,
IP-
) (ISUP IP.
(MAP
INAP)
7,
MGC-F MGC-F, .
SG-F SIGTRAN , SG-F
SIGTRAN SG-F TUA, SUA M3UA MGC-F SG-
AGS-F (Access Gateway Signaling IPV5.1/V5.2 AGS-F
ISDN.
TDM
ATM.
ISDN ( )
MGC-F SIGTRAN
AS-F (
),
, ,
, ,
-
AGS-F ),
Ф
SDP,
SG-F 7
CAP) SG-F
SG-F.
over SCTP, F Ф Function)
-
7.
),
V5
RANAP ( AGS-F V5, ISDN 7, M3UA, IUA V5UA over SCTP. AS-F (Application Server Function) . MGC-F ( , MGC-F BSSAP IP.
,
-
MS-F web, ,
API ,
JAIN
webParlay -
13
MGC-F AS-F
MS-F,
,
,
. H.248, LDAP, HTTP, CPL XML. AS-F MGC-F
-
MGC-F SIP, MGCP, ,
-
AS-F MGC-F , AS-F MGC-F API JAIN Parlay. Ф SC-F (Service Control Function) , AS-F . SC-F INAP, CAP MAP, API JAIN Parlay. Ф MG-F (Media Gateway Function) IP, / , , . , – . MG-F / MGC-F MGCP Megaco/H.248; , , , , , .; , , DTMF, ., , MGC-F; , DTMF, / . , MG-F , MGC-F , , . RTP/RTCP H.248. Ф MS-F (Media Server Function)
-
. .
,
,
.
14
,
, AS-F
, MGC-F
, , ,
-
MS-F AS-F (
, ,
-
,
,
(
MGC-F
) MA-F
.
), H.248. -
SIP
,
,
-
, ,
-
.
1.2.2.
(Transport Plane)
,
/
.
IP-
,
, . IP;
μ
IP.
,
, QoS (Quali-
IP (IP Transport Domain)
.
IP, ty of Service).
IP
,
(Interworking Domain) , (Signaling Gateways),
, -
. ;
(Media Gateways),
/ (Interworking Gateways),
. GSM/3G; grated Access Devices);
; .
, ways
-
IP (Non-IP Access Domain) IPIPAccess Gate, , xDSL; IAD (Inte-
.
15
,
IP-
, SIP-
,
IP
, Access Gateway.
1.2.3.
(Call Control & Signaling Plane) IP, , , . Call Control & Signaling Plane
way Controller), Gatekeeper , LDAP -
, , . MGC (Media GateCall Agent, (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol).
1.2.4.
,
.
IP-
(Service & Application Plane) /
, Ap-
. plication Servers
Feature Servers.
, -
,
, IVR
,
. .
-
1.2.5
(Management Plane) , . -
, (
, API.
SNMP),
1.3. Softswitch NGN.
,
, , , Softswitch
16
. .
-
μ Softswitch
,
,
SIP- ), E-DSS1 V5 (
: SIP (
H.323. ISDN, SIGTRAN-
.
7
V5U),
-
R1.5.
μ MGCP Softswitch – SIP-T BICC.
-
Megaco/H.248, , .
-
. 1.3.1.
SIP
, -
«
,
-
,
SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) , IP(VШIP), NGN. SIP », .
SIP -
UDP. SIP-T (SIP for Telephones, RFC 3372)
SIP SIP.
-IP.
SIP , SIP-
(
)
. ,
SIP-
. 1.3.2.
H.323
-
H.323 IP-
.
ISDN, H.323
,
μ RAS,
-
H.225
H.245. H.225
-
H.245 TCP.
RAS UDP.
-
17
RTP.
.323 –
RTCP. .
,
«
» H.323,
,
, Gatekeeper .
1.3.3.
col) MG, MGCP ,
). MGCP, SIP-
,
MGCP
MGCP (Media Gateway Control Proto, : MGC SG. , . master/slave ( / ), MGC – , . MGCP, , (IP, ,
. 1.3.4.
MGCP. ,
, . . Megaco/H.248 UDP, TCP, UDP TCP SCTP Megaco/H.248
MGC MG .
H.248/Megaco
, ,
H.248/Megaco MGCP,
– MGC MG. – master/slave ( / , ,
SCTP (Stream Control Transport Protocol). MGC. , . . .
SDP. C , ITUASN.1,
18
). MG – μ
IETF , -
TagLength-Value (TLV). , MG –
MGC
.
1.3.5.
BICC
ITU-T Q.1λ01, , » (Serving Bearer Independent , ISUP -
BICC, « Nodes, SN). Call Control, . . 7.
,
. BICC TDM.
. 1.3.6.
SIGTRAN
SIGTRAN 7 IPMTP-3, ISUP, DSS1 (Q.931) -
SCCP, TCAP, MAP, INAP, 3 IP. IPSCTP (Stream Control Transmission Protocol). SIGTRAN ISDN (IUA) /ISDN SG MGC. ISDN (PRA BRA) Q.λ31 « », « ». М 2 (M2UA) М
3
IP TCAP, RANAP
CAP IP)
IP.
SG
. .).
.
3 (M3UA) – ,
. SCCP (SUA) IP (
,
,
7,
,
SCCP (MAP
-
19
-
.
1.4.
Softswitch ,
.
,
Softswitch
,
-
Softswitch. 1.4.1. SoПtsаТtМС
SШПЭЬаТЭМС IV.
,
.
,
Softswitch
-
Softswitch .
-
Softswitch NGN
,
, .
.
-
. ,
-
. Softswitch
-
, ,
,
IP. Softswitch ,
-
7
.
,
,
-
1.4.2. SoПtsаТtМС
SШПЭЬаТЭМС (SШПЭЬаТЭМС V )
20
NGN
)
( ,
,
–
.
(
SIP-
IP-
-
). ,
,
IP.
-
Softswitch ( PКЫХКв AG; VoIP
, ,
IP-CОЧЭЫОб, ); 1,5–4
;
VPN;
-
-
;
,
Softswitch. SoПtsаТtМС
1.4.3.
SSP
Softswitch SSP
, SCP.
,
(SSF) SCP
MGC. SSP
-
-
MGC.
SCP «
INAP-R, TDM»,
-
.
μ «
,
IN, Softswitch
SSP
-
SSF,
» SSP
,
;
-
21
»
SSF , SSP,
SSP –
,
-
«
MGC; ,
,
, -
,
;
-
, Softswitch; ,
(
,
.
,
SoПtsаТtМС
1.4.4.
;
(SIP-
. . (IP-
)
ENUM ( URI (
IP.
-
);
-
),
) SIP-
-
;
Softswitch
IP.
22
,
.
. ;
) -
-
Softswitch -
PКЫХКв PКЫХКв,
;
, ;
;
,
-
-
.
,
-
Softswitch
.
Softswitch ,
-
.
,
Softswitch μ (
,
) «
.
Softswitch
.
NGN/IMS»
2. IP MULTIMEDIA SUBSYSTEM 2.1. 2002 . ,
3GPP,
3G,
IMS IP Multimedia Domain
-
. TISPAN (Telecommunications and Internet converged Services and Protocols for Advanced Networking) , IMS FMC (Fixed-Mobile Convergence).
IMS
2.2. IMS (
. 3).
, .
IMS IMS Softswitch.
,
IMS (User Plane), (Application Plane). , . Softswitch, .
(Control Plane) 3GPP IMS, , IMS
.
,
-
,
-
23
.3
.
Dh Sh , Si
Ut
A S
A S
A S
ISC
IP-
Cx
Dx
I- CSCF Mm Mw
Gm
U E
IP -
Mr
P- CSCF
S- CSCF
MRFC
Mw IP-
Gg
CGS N
Mg
Go PDF
MGCF
Mj
BGCF
Mk Mp
Mb
SGW
SGS N
Mn Mb IM- MGW
RA N
CS Mb MRFP
. 3.
IMS
2.2.1.
IMSHSS.
HSS
SLF
HSS
HLR (Home Location Register) HSS , HSS, (Subscriber Location Function), , , SLF HSS, 2.2.2. Ф
,
GSM. HSS.
HSS
-
,
,
SLF .
.
SIP-
CSCF (Call Session Control Function) IMS, , , SIPSIPIMS. CSCF μ Proxy-CSCF (P-CSCF), Interrogating-CSCF (I-CSCF) Serving-CSCF (S-CSCF). , P-CSCF – ( ) IMSIMS. SIP, / -
24
,
,
.
IMSP-CSCF
UA, I-CSCF –
. SIP-
.
SIPI-CSCF SIPI-CSCF
,
SIP,
SIP, .
DNS Diameter
HSS
-
SLF, -
S-CSCF. S-CSCF , I-CSCF . S-CSCF – , . . SIP, . , S-CSCF SIP (SIP-registrar), ( , IP, ) SIP(PUI-Public User Identity). S-CSCF Diameter HSS, , , , . . – SIP . , S-CSCF HSS , , . 2.2.3. Ф
PDF
Policy Decision Function (PDF) P-CSCF, ( P-CSCF.
.
. .),
, PDF
GGSN ,
.
-
2.2.4.
IMS, ,
(Application Servers), , , IMSS-CSCF
.
,
,
-
SIP.
25
,
SIP-
, .
SIP-
2.2.5. Ф
MRF
MRF (Media Resource Function),
, , , . MRF : MRFC – Media Resource Function Controller MRFP – Media Resource Function Processor . MRFC S-CSCF SIP. , MRFC Megaco/H.248 MRFP, , . 2.2.6. Ф
BGCF
Breakout Gateway Control Function –
(
,
. BGCF IMS-
,
, ,
IMS-
,
,
SIP-
BGCF.
2G).
BGCF
, BGCF
–
.
/CS 2.2.7. Ш
,
/CS
,
-
BGCF
/CS
/CS
IMS-
.
, Softswitch: SGW – Signaling Gateway, MGCF – Media Gateway Control Function MGW – Media Gateway. 2.2.8. Ш
(security domain),
Gateway).
. SBC.
26
SEG
,
,
, SEG SEG
, ,
-
SEG (Security -
2.3. –
IMS SIP, NGN,
,
TDM. HSS . RADIUS
, Accounting).
AAA
,
,
(Authentication, TCP SCTP, ,
,
Diameter, IMS
Softswitch, IPv4, IPv6. IP
IPv4
Diameter ,
;
μ ; ,
IPЯ4
IPv4. IP-
32, IP,
IPЯ6.
.
, . -
,
,
,
.
IMS Diameter. , Authorization,
-
IPЯ4 ;
.
-
2.4. IMS (
. 4, 5).
.
27
Naou OoII
Naou IMS
Iai?oaiaaiea OoII
MGCF (Softswitch)
I-CSCF
S-CSCF
Iai?oaiaaiea aucuaaaiiai aaiiaioa
P-CSCF
ISUP: IAM Auai? IM-MGW H.248: ADD req Context ID=? Termination ID=?
H.248:ADD req Context ID=C1 Termination ID=TDM-1
H.248: ADD req Context ID=C1 Termination ID=RTP-1
INVITE 100 TRYING
INViTE 100 TRYING
H.248: MOD req
183 Session Progress
INViTE 100 TRYING
INViTE
183 Session Progress
183 Session Progress
PRACK
PRACK
PRACK
200 OK
200 OK
200 OK
180 Ringing
180 Ringing
180 Ringing
PRACK
PRACK
PRACK
200 OK
200 OK
200 OK
183 Session Progress
Context ID=C1 Termination H.248:ID=RTP-1 MOD
resp Context ID=C1 Termination ID=RTP-1
180 Ringing
ISUP: ACM
. 4.
28
Ringing
IMS р
р
MGCF (Softswitch)
I-CSCF
S-CSCF
P-CSCF
H.248: MOD reg Context ID-C1 Termination ID TDM-1 Procedure: Send TDM Tone Ringing
H.248: MOD resp Context ID=C1 Termination ID=TDM-1
Answer 200 ОК
200 ОК
200 ОК
ACK
А К
А К
BYE
BYE
BYE
200 ОК
200 ОК
200 ОК
H.248: MOD reg Context ID=C1 Termination ID=TDM-1 Procedure: Stop TDM Tone
H.248: MOD resp Context ID=C1 Termination ID=TDM-1
H.248: MOD reg Context ID=C1 Termination ID=RTP-1
H.248: MOD resp Context ID=C1 Termination ID=RTP-1
АЗ О О
ISUP:REL H.248: SUB req Context ID=C1 Termination ID=TDM-1
H.248: SUB resp Context ID=C1 Termination ID=TDM-1
H.248: SUB req Context ID=C1 Termination ID=RTP-1
H.248: SUB resp Context ID=C1 Termination ID=RTP-1
ISUP: RLC
. 5.
2.5
IMS
NGN
.
QoS
IMS.
,
,
QoS. RTP,
IMS SIP
,
,
-
. 29
IMS
,
,
. .
,
– (
, , .
. -
),
(
Instant Messaging). , -
-
,
, IMS
,
. .
,
-
IMS ,
. 6). N
(
2
1
,
-
IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS)
PS
CS
OSS
IN
. 6.
,
IMS
,
30
/
IMS, .
, ,
IPIMS ,
.
,
,
, -
IMS μ
,
,
.
2.5.1. В
, IMS NGN
, IMS
.
-
IMS –
.
,
(
)
(2G)
,
,
.
-
2.5.2.
IMS
, WLAN, xDSL, HFC (Hybrid Fiber Coax) IP, IMS . GSM , 5) GPRS, ,
. .
,
GPRS,
.
3GPP IMS (Release , -
. IMS
,
-
IP connectivity access ,
IPIMS
. 2.5.3.
, XXI
, , , capability,
IMS. ,
IMS (service capability). ,
service
31
, service capability (
,
, . .
). IMS
,
,
. ( G.711),
,
-
,
,
-
,
(
). 2.5.4.
, GPRS( ; .
IMS-
,
μ
– GGSN IMS; – P-CSCF),
RAN
IMS, »
SGSN, -
IP-
–
CS-
2G, «
IMS
2.5.5.
,
,
,
. IMS
,
IMS
,
-
GPRS-
,
,
.
2.5.6.
, IMS
,
. . IMS offline.
32
. IMS ,
,
,
–
,
-
,
IMS-
. online,
-
3.
Э
,
,
. 1
.
-
o , ,
,
-
o Softswitch, , NGN,
o , .
Э
2
-
o , , o , . 3
Э
-
S-CSCF
-
I-CSCF
-
o , , o , , o .
4. 4.1. : 1.
.
-
2. .
33
Npstn ISDN Nisdn ю V5 Nv5, Nj_v5
Npbx, Nk_pbx
AN
PBX
ш ю
IP LAN Nlan, Ni_lan
ш ю
LAN
SIP, H.323 Nsh
L
NGN
. 7.
: )
:
,
)
(RAGW) – N pstn ;
, RAGW – Nisdn ; ,
)
) Ni _ lan – LAN, , I, N lan .–
ISDN,
,
, . ,
Ni _ LAN 1
34
i–
-
LAN,
,
I
-
SIP/H.323, – N sh ; LAN,
SIP/ H.323.
SIP/H.323,
,
, N sh
:
-
N lan .
,
-
N sh ,
LAN, ,
,
, μ Ni _ lan I .
LAN
,
,
(
. ,
. 8)
-
Nsh
LAN1
SIP,
Nlan
H.323
LAN
LAN i
LAN
, LAN
N
il a
n
, LAN= Nilan*I
. 8.
SIP/H.323
, ,
(
-
. 9). N1_pbx
M
N pbx
y=0.8
Nm _ pbx m 1
1 Ш
N2_pbx
А
2
А
NM_pbx
M
. λ.
PRI
35
)
, ;
Nm _ pbx
ÓÏ ÀÒÑm , N pbx
–
,
m
-
;
– .
) N j _ v5
,
–
Nv5
-
ISDN-PRA , M –
–
J –
j–
V5, -
ISDN
, ,
V5, V5j,
; V5.
, :
= 0,1 – – yISDN = 0,2 ysh = 0,2 – SIP/ H.323 , – yi _ v5 = 0,8 V5 ( – Ym _ pbx = 0,8 PRI ( y pstn
, , ), ).
SIP/H.323
,
,
LAN, , ,
,
,
,
, Softswitch.
. 10,
,
(
-
.
,
.
, . -
),
,
36
,
, ,
-
,
(
,
-
),
.
Npstn ISDN Nisdn ю V5 Nv5, Nj_v5
AN
Npbx, Nk_pbx PBX
ш ю
IP LAN
ш ю
LAN
Nlan, Ni_lan
SIP, H.323 Nsh
L
. 10.
.
,
,
.
YÒô Î
Ï
–
,
,
,
-
,
-
,
.
,
,
100,
-
,
-
, .
, -
.
.
,
,
μ YÒô Î YISDN
–
Ï
NÒô Î
Ï
yÒô Î
Ï
,
;
(1) ISDN
: YISDN
N ISDN yISDN ;
(2)
37
Yj _ v5
–
, V5:
j,
Yj _V 5
(3)
N j _V 5 yi _V 5 ;
,
, V5, YV 5
–
J
Yj _V 5 yi _V 5
j 1
,
j 1
(4)
N j _V 5 ;
m,
PRI: (5)
Nm _ PBX ym _ PBX ;
Ym _ PBX
,
: M
YPBX
. .
M
Ym _ PBX
m 1
ym _ PBX
(6)
Nm _ PBX . m 1
,
-
,
J
yi _V 5
K
N j _V 5
yk _ PBX
j 1
yÒô Î
Ï
NÒô Î
, , ,
– (
Ï
N k _ PBX
(7)
k 1
yISDN N ISDN .
,
, , . .
. 11).
Ш
. 11.
38
-
,
YGW
,
-
: J
Ym _ pbx
-
-
,
, ).
, (
Y’1
Y1
Y1=Y’1
.12. VCOD _ m
–
. VCOD _ m
m
–
. 1. 1 -
VCOD _ m ,
,
/
G. 711 G. 723.1 I/r G. 723.1 h/r G. 729
64 6,4 5,3 8
,
80 20 24 10
134 74 78 64
k
134/80=1,675 74/20=3,7 78/274=3,25 64/10=6,4
Vtrans _ cod , /
108,8 23,68 17,225 51,2
,
-
m, : Vtrans _ cod
k–
.
(8)
k VCOD _ m ,
,
,
G.711.
RTP/UDP/IP/Ethernet (
. ) 54
μ (12+8+20+14).
134 : k = 134/80 = 1,675.
.
39
,
1,7
А
Е Е А
(RTP/UDP/IP/ Ethernet)
μ (
. 13).
А
80
12+8+20+4 =54
134 . 13.
G.711,
IP
VoIP
,
,
.
-
,
, DTMF «64 / ,
».
. .
-
, . . G.711. . . ,
,
IP-
. ,
SIP, H.323 . .
,
SIP
-
H.323
,
, .
40
LAN, -
, . . ,
, ,
.
.
-
. (
. 14): , . ,
, ,
,
-
.
,
. QoS
(
-
.
,
,
, (
-
,
, –
)
.
), .
-
И
Ш V5
PBX
. 14.
41
,
-
(
),
,
.
,
QoS
. . .
t–
.
,
(
,
.). ,
t=2 – ρ–
-
2
, .
, , . (
-
,
-
,
), , QoS. x–
, .
Vtrans _ cod _ i
N–
–
i,
.
,
i
(9)
Vtrans _ cod _ i N .
Vc _ i
L
VGW
i 1
(10)
Vc _ i ,
L–
. : M
V
VGW ,
j 1
42
j
(11)
M–
. ю N Vcod ik 1
Vgw
2
L
. 15.
К
Э Э
1) 2) 3)
:
Ч
;
;
; ,
.
: Y = 50 Э ; p = 0,03
. ) :
(
V = 59
43
,
.
(
).
,
QoS
. .
(
. 16).
,
,
,
.
, .
,
,
-
-
– , .
,
,
-
,
1
И 1
τ
ρ
. 16.
-
. ,
, Vtrans _ cod Lpacket _ cod
Vtrans_cod – Lpacket_cod –
μ
44
μ
,
(12) ,
; . -
N i
,
(13)
i 1
N–
.
, 1
S (1)
–
μ (14)
,
,µ–
. .
ITU ( 100
(
-
. 17):
IP
-
VoIP
.
,
. Ш
. .). Ш
1
2
IP
2
3
1
. 17.
( ,
),
μ (15)
.
,
ρ,
τμ V
,
(16)
.
,
-
,
, .
-
,
, 45
,
,
-
,
. ,
Megaco/H.248, N MEGACO
. –
LMEGACO
(
)
–
Megaco/H.248 ,
– NV 5UA –
V5UA,
LV 5UA
– N IUA –
-
IUA
-
IUA, ,
–
N SIP
V5UA ,
LIUA
LSH
-
SIP/H.323, SIP/H.323
– .
MEGACO,
,
, VMEGACO
ksig [( PÒô Î
Ï
· NÒô Î
Ï
-
μ
PISDN · N ISDN
PV 5 ·NV 5 PPBX ·N PBX ) LMEGACO ·N MEGACO ] / 450,
NV 5
ksig
46
M N m _V 5 ,
N LAN
I Ni _ LAN ,
(18) (19) -
.;
–
, ;
–
PISDN
PPBX
N PBX
(17)
–
PÒô Î Ï
PV 5
J N j _V 5 ,
–
ISDN;
(
,
-
)
-
)
-
, –
(
V5; ,
;
PSH –
, SIP, H.323 ( ,
-
, LAN).
,
-
, . 18.
T–
,
.
t 1, t 2, …, t 5 –
. 18.
,
,
, μ ksig
T/
(20)
ti . i
0,2
ksig =5,
). 1/ 450 – » (8/3600=1/450), ksig =5, ,
1/λ0, ,
, (
«
»
, 5·1/450=1/λ0. , .
( . . «
-
, -
,
-
/ ): VISDN VV 5 VPBX VSH
( PISDN N ISDN LIUA N IUA) / 90, ( PV 5 NV 5 LV 5UA NV 5UA) / 90, ( PPBX NPBX LIUA N IUA) / 90, ( PSH NSH LSH NSH ) / 90,
(21) (22) (23) (24)
47
VLAN
(25)
( PSH NLAN LSH NSH ) / 90.
4.2.
.
-
Npstn ISDN Nisdn ю V5 Nv5, Nj_v5
AN
Npbx, Nk_pbx PBX
ш ю
IP LAN
ш ю
LAN
Nlan, Ni_lan
SIP, H.323 Nsh
L
. 19. Softswitch
5
NGN
. NGN
, -
. (
«
»
)
,
. 2. 2
48
PPSTN
PISDN
PV 5
PPBX
PSH
5
10
35
35
10
-
, : PCALL
PÒô Î
PSH N SH
PV 5 NV 5
,
.
Ï
PISDN N ISDN PPBX N PBX
PSH N LAN .
,
(26)
, . . ISDN,
-
,
-
, »
«
, «
NÒô Î
Ï
.
, »
-
. .
-
,
-
( PSX )
PCALL
μ PSX
kÒô Î
Ï
PÒô Î
Ï
NÒô Î
kISDN PISDN N ISDN
Ï
J
kV 5 PV 5
j 1
M
N j _V 5
kPBX PPBX
m 1
N m _ BX
(27)
I
kSH PSH N SH
kSH PSH
i 1
Ni _ LAN .
49
5. 5.1. Npstn ISDN Nisdn ю V5 Nv5, Nj_v5
AN
Npbx, Nk_pbx PBX
ш ю
IP LAN Nlan, Ni_lan
ш ю
LAN
SIP, H.323 Nsh
L
. 20.
NGN
.
.
E1, o
-
μ
,
7
-
MGW SGW;
o
, Softswitch . Softswitch;
7 MGW
-
, ; -
;
,
. : Nl _ E1
–
1
,
-
l, yÅ1
50
–
64
/
1,
–
Yl _ GW
,
, VINT N INT I
–
,
–
,
–
,
Ni _ INT Vi _ INT
N E1
–
I,
–
I,
–
E1,
. (
) (28)
Nl _ E1 30 yE1.
Yl _ GW
в
0,8
1
.
. ,
. 4. .3
-
,
(12), ITU . (14)
,
.
QoS
VoIP
. -
.
3
QOS 1
2
3
4
IP, IPDT
100
400
100
400
IP, IPDV
50
50
IP, IPLR
5
0,001 0,001 0,001 0,001
51
IP, IPER 0,0001 0,0001 0,0001 0,0001
(15) ,
(16)
. .
,
MEGACO,
,
μ
/ ), (29) MEGACO .
ksig LMEGACO N MEGACO PMEGACO / 450
VMEGACO
PMEGACO
-
– ;
5,
ksig
,
MGW (
/ )
VMEGACO .
VGW
(
(30) -
.
-
μ VGW
N INT VINT
(
/ ).
(31) (31)
μ I
VGW
i 1
( Ni _ INT Vi _ INT ) (
/ ).
(32) ,
.
μ N INT
VINT
, (M2UA
52
VGW VINT
(33)
,
– (
. 7)
, MxUA M3UA).
5.2. (
. 21)
-
. ,
.
Npstn ISDN Nisdn ю V5 Nv5, Nj_v5
AN
Npbx, Nk_pbx PBX
ш ю
IP LAN Nlan, Ni_lan
ш ю
LAN
SIP, H.323,MGCP,MEGACO Nshm
L
4
. 21. Softswitch
NGN
-
.
/
,
1,
PCH
–
PGW
–
. 64
64 -
1, μ
,
/ ,
, L –
-
, ,
. l
(
, Pl _ GW
,
,
μ
/
),
(34)
Nl _ E1 30 PCH .
(
/
),
-
53
L
PSX
l 1
L
30 PCH
Pl _ GW
l 1
(35)
Nl _ E1.
, . 7 M3UA,
Softswitch μ
– NMXUA –
LMXUA
–
LMEGACO N MEGACO
PSIG
M2UA
. (
,
)
(
)
-
MEGACO, ,
–
MEGACO ,
–
,
.
Softswitch ( MxUA: VSX _ MXUA
k–
MxUA, MxUA
/ ),
-
ksig LMXUA N MXUA PSX / 450 ,
.
,
(36) (
/ ),
-
MEGACO: VSX _ MEGACO
(
/ ),
ksig ·LMEGACO ·N MEGACO ·PSX / 450,
μ VSX
(
(
/ ) VSIG
. -
,
. MxUA,
(38)
VSX _ MXUA VSX _ MEGACO .
SGW
54
(37) Softswitch
,
-
)μ ksig PSIG LMXUA N MXUA / 450.
(39)
IMS
5.3. . 22
IMS. 3GPP.
IMS,
,
.
,
IMS, Softswitch
Softswitch,
MRF /
,
MGCF. I-CSCF, P-CSCF S-CSCF, . -
( )
(AS).
SG SI GT RA
SS
N
TG
H.2
SIP
48
I-CSCF
SI P
SIP
Е Ь
DI AM
ET ER
SIP
SIP
SIP
P-CSCF
HSS
ETER
DIAM SIP
MRF
S-CSCF
P SI
SIP
P SI AS
AS AS
IMS
. 22.
,
IMS.
, .
IMS
. 22
/
,
. 4.
-
,
. MGCF/Softswitch
.4 ,
.
,
.
-
55
,
,
.
,
5.4.
S-CSCF IMS, S-CSCF.
,
SIP. (
-
. 23).
SG SI GT RA
SS
N
Е Ь
H.2
SIP
48
I-CSCF
SI P
SIP
TG
DI AM
ET ER
SIP
SIP
SIP
P-CSCF
HSS
ETER
DIAM
SIP
MRF
S-CSCF
P SI
SIP
P SI AS
AS AS
IMS
. 23. S-CSCF
, . , 56
.
, , ,
IMS
,
,
IMS , ,
-
,
.
S-CSCF, ,
SIP.
Softswitch ( . 23), MGCF. Softswitch SIP , S-CSCF. I-CSCF Softswitch , . CSCF
IMS I-CSCF, SIP S-CSCF
, .
, S-CSCF
.
μ
–:
SIP a) SS S-CSCF – N sip1 , b) MRF S-CSCF – N sip 2 , c) AS S-CSCF – Nsip 3 , d) I-CSCF X% – Y%. Vss-s-csc f
; Vas-s-csc f
–
, S-
, S-CSCF (AS). MGCF, I-CSCF, MRF, AS. SIPP-CSCF, ,
(MRF)
S-CSCF – N sip 4 , SIP , MRF; , AS;
– Lsip ; MGCF SIP
–
, -
-
S-CSCF,
(AS) SIP
S-CSCF, ;
57
Vmrf -s-csc f
–
; Vi-csc f -s-csc f
Vs-csc f
-
MRF S-CSCF, SIP –
I-CSCF SIP
; –
S-CSCF, -
S-CSCF, SIP
. S-CSCF
μ
IMS
-
Vs-csc f
Vi
csc f s csc f
Vmrf -s-csc f Vas
Vss
s csc f
s csc f ,
(40) Vss
s csc f
ksig Lsip ·N sip1·Psx / 450,
(41)
Vas
s csc f
ksig Lsip ·N sip 2 ·Psx · X % / 450,
(42)
s csc f
ksig Lsip ·N sip 3·Psx ·Y% / 450,
(43)
csc f s csc f
ksig Lsip ·Nsip 4 ·Psx / 450;
(44)
Vmrf Vi
Psx , ksig
(40) -
Lsip ,
(44),
: .4
Psx
(40). .4
ksig
. Lsh ,
Lsip
-
. 4.
,
5.5. , , SIP-
I-CSCF
S-CSCF,
I-CSCF
,
HSS
.
SLF, S-
CSCF. I-CSCF . 24, I-CSCF P-CSCF HSS.
58
. S-CSCF, ,
,
-
Softswitch (MGCF), HSS
-
-
DIAMETER,
.
I-CSCF
-
.
SIP,
SG SI GT RA
SS
N
H.2
SIP
48
I-CSCF
SI P
SIP
TG
Е Ь
DI AM
ET ER
SIP
SIP
SIP
P-CSCF
HSS
ETER
DIAM
SIP
MRF
S-CSCF
P SI
SIP
P SI AS
AS AS
IMS
. 24. I-CSCF
IMS
Д I-CSCF SIP1) SIPa) I-CSCF S-CSCF – N sip 4 , b) SSW I-CSCF – Nsip5 . SIP
2) Vi Vss
csc f
–
i csc f
Softswitch (MGCF) S-CSCF. :
μ
–
Lsip
.
I-CSCF, –
SIP
, SoftSwitch SIP
I-CSCF, -
.
59
: Vi Vi
Vss
csc f
i csc f
(45)
csc f s csc f .
Vi
(44),
csc f s csc f
Vss
-
i csc f
μ Vss
i csc f
(46)
ksig ( Lsip ·N sip 5·Psx ).
-
IMS S-CSCF
I-CSCF.
6. 6.1. μ 20%
–
G.711
20%
–
G.723 I/r
30%
–
G.723 h/r
30%
–
G.729A.
n = 0,9.
μ 30%
–
G.711
30%
–
G.723 I/r
20%
–
G.723 h/r
20%
–
G.729A.
n = 0,5.
4
60
KPSTN
KISDN
KV 5
KPBX
KSHM
1,25 1,3
1,75 1,8
2 1,9
1,75 1,8
1,9 2
5 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
NPSTN ( )
500 0
8000 0
1100 0
1400 0
1200 0
600 0
700 0
1500 0
1000 0
500 0
1300 0
750 0
850 0
900 0
1100 0
2000 0
1000 0
1550 0
800 0
500 0
N ISDN ( )
500
300
700
600
800
200
400
1000
600
200
900
350
550
400
600
1200
1500
900
1300 0 110 0
500
700
N sh ( )
100
150
200
250
100
50
150
200
250
50
100
100
150
50
200
250
1000
100 0
300
200
150
8
7
6
5
4
7
8
9
5
4
6
8
9
3
5
9
7
10
3
5
7
40
30
20
50
30
40
60
70
20
40
30
20
50
30
60
70
40
70
90
20
50
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
6
8
9
2
3
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
60
50
40
30
20
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
6
5
4
3
2
100
150
120
140
130
90
100
80
200
150
120
130
150
200
100
250
100
300
400
200
150
150
145
155
150
145
155
150
145
155
150
145
155
150
145
155
150
150
155
145
150
155
( -
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
)
145
150
155
145
150
155
145
150
155
145
150
155
145
150
155
145
150
150
155
145
150
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
155
145
150
155
145
150
155
145
150
155
145
150
155
145
150
155
145
145
150
155
150
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
I ( )
Ni _ lan J
N j _ v5
( )
M
Nm _ pbx
( )
LMEGACO
(
N MEGACO
)
.)
LV 5UA ( (
NV 5UA .) (
LIUA (
N IUA
)
.)
61
5 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
140
145
150
155
140
145
150
155
140
145
150
155
140
145
150
155
160
160
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
5
4
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
9
8
7
1000
1500
2000
2500
1000
1500
2000
250 0
100 0
150 0
200 0
2500
1000
1500
2000
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
6000
5000
7000
6500
7500
8500
5500
600 0
500 0
700 0
650 0
7500
8500
160
150
140
145
155
165
170
175
145
150
155
160
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
18000
10000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
45000
10000
1500 0
0,25
0,20
0,21
0,22
0,23
0,24
0,25
0,2
0,21
N sip1
10
5
15
10
5
15
10
5
N sip 2
5
15
10
5
15
10
5
N sip 3
5
10
15
5
10
15
N sip 4
10
15
5
10
15
N sip 5
15
10
5
15
X%
15
20
30
Y%
40
30
20
LSH ( ) N’SH ( ) Nl_E1 Pch / )
( L(
2)
Pmegaco ( / )
(
Lmxua ( ) Nmxua
) P sig ( / ) Ρ(
/
62
)
20
21
145
140
10
19 15 5 10
10
10
6
5
4
3
2
2500
1000
1500
2000
2500
1000
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
5500
6000
5000
7000
6500
7500
8500
5500
165
170
175
160
150
140
145
155
165
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
1000 0
2000 0
25000
30000
35000
40000
45000
10000
15000
20000
25000
0,22
0,23
0,24
0,25
0,2
0,21
0,22
0,23
0,24
0,25
0,2
0,21
15
10
5
15
10
5
15
10
5
15
10
5
15
15
10
5
15
10
5
15
10
5
15
10
5
15
10
5
10
15
5
10
15
5
10
15
5
10
15
5
10
15
5
10
15
5
10
15
5
10
15
5
10
15
5
10
15
5
10
5
15
10
5
15
10
5
15
10
5
15
10
5
15
10
5
40
50
60
50
40
30
15
20
30
40
50
60
15
20
30
40
50
60
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
10
15
6.2.
.
,
. .
, , .
-
,
-
,
.
,
,
, -
. .
-
.
-
, ,
.
(210 297 16
,
.
,
.
.
) .
14
.
4
μ Times New Roman Cyr.
.
,
,
. . .
μ ,
μ
.
,
.
.
,
.
.
14
,
μ .
-
.
.
,
-
63
.
. . 25.
-
. . . . ______________________________________________ ________________________________________________
________________________________________________
NGN/IMS
(
)
№ ИИИИИИИИИИИИ № ИИИИИИИИИИИИ ИИИИИИИИИИИИИИИИИИИИИИИ (________________________) (
)
( . . .)
ИИИИИИИИИИИИИИИИИИИИИИИ (
,
(________________________)
)
( . . .)
ИИИИИИИИИИИИИИИИИИИИИИИ (________________________) 201И . . 25.
; . .
64
,
-
7. .
7.1.
. 6
NÒô Î
Ï
5000
N ISDN
500
NSH
100
I
8 LAN 40
Ni _ lan K N k _ pbx
3 100
N j _V 5
2 90
LMEGACO
150
N MEGACO
10
Lv5ua
145
Nv5ua
10
Liua
155
Niua
10
Lsh
140
N ’sh
10
Lmgcp
150
Nmgcp
10
J
65
,
.
: YÒô Î
yÒô Î
Ï
Ï
·NÒô Î Ï =0,1·5000=500 (
).
ISDN: =0,2·500=100 (
yISDN ·N ISDN
YISDN
). j
y j _ v5·N j _ v5 =0,8·λ0=72
Yj _ v5
(
V5:
).
,
,
V5:
J
J
Yj _V 5 0.8
YV 5
j 1
Yv5 =2·72=144
j 1
(
N j _V 5 .
). k:
Yk _ pbx
yk _ pbx ·Nk _ pbx
,
=0,8·100= 80 (
). ,
μ Ypbx
=3·80=240 (
). ,
,
,
: YGW
YÒô Î
Ï
YISDN
Yv5 Ypbx
=500+100+240+144=λ84 (
). «
»,
POTS = 2000,
V5 = 5, 3 . 26.
-
ISDN = 500, PBX = 3. ,
.
-
, ,
66
,
-
,
.
-
Npstn =2000 J=2; Nj_v5=90
GW1
Npstn =2000 GW2 M=3;Nm_pbx=100
Npstn =1000 Nisdn=500
GW3
LAN
SIP/H.323
. 26.
GW1 « POTS ISDN PRI V5
1» 2000 500 3 5
(
)
2000 0 0 2
GА2 « POTS ISDN PRI V5
1» 2000 500 3 5
(
)
2000 0 3 0
67
GW3
-
«
(
1»
POTS ISDN PRI V5
2000 500 3 5
2000 500 0 0 «
2».
-
. «
2»
-
(
) MG
300
(
) 3
SIP/H.323 LAN
100
111
8
, 20% 20% 30% 30%
.
,
– – – –
μ G.711, G.723 I/r, G.723 h/r, G.72λ . μ
Vtranc _ cod
G. 711 = 134/80 64 = 107,2 (
Vtranc _ cod
G. 723.1 I/Ы = 74/20 6,4 = 23,68 (
/ )
G. 723.1 h/r Vtranc _ cod = 78/24 5,3 = 17,225 (
/ )
G. 729
68
)
/ )
-
-
Vtranc _ cod
= 64/10 8 = 51,2 (
/ )
,
. .
. -
.
1YGW _1
YPSTN
Yv5
yPSTN N PSTN
yv5 Nv5 = 200+144
.
= 344
,
.
G. 711 YGW _1 = 344 0,2 = 68,8
-
.
G. 723.1 I/Ы YGW _1 = 344 0,2 = 68,8
.
G. 723.1 h/r YGW _1 = 344 0,3 = 103,2
.
G. 729 YGW _1 = 344 0,3 = 103,2
. . ρ(
(x),
, ,
G. 711: Х=55; G. 723.1 I/Ы: Х=55; G. 723.1 h/r: Х=81; G. 729: Х=81. , VC (G _ 711) = 55 107,2 = 58λ6 (
, ) = 0,25:
-
G. 711: / ). μ
VC (G. 723.1 I /r ) = VC (G. 723.1h / r ) =
55 23,68 = 1302,4 (
/ ),
81 17,225 = 13λ5,225 (
VC (G . 729) =
81 51,2 = 4147,2 (
/ ), / ),
μ VGW _1 = 5896 + 1302, 4 + 13λ5,225 + 4147,2 = 12740,λ ( (
/ ).
. 27).
69
Ш
1
X=55
Y=200
G.711 Y=68.8 V=12740,9 V=5896 Y=68.8
X=55
G.723.1 H/r
/
V=1032,4
/
V=1395,225
Y=103,2
V=4147,2
Y=144
/ /
X=81
G.723.1 I/r
Ygw1=344 V5
X=81
Y=103,2
G.729
. 27.
2VGW _ 2 =
16010,1 (
/ );
VGW _3 =
7603,44 (
/ ).
μ
: V=12740,λ + 16010,1 + 7603,44 = 36354,44 (
/ ). .
μ =107,2/134 = 0,8; G .711 G. 723.1
I /r
= 0,32;
G. 723.1
h/r
= 0,22;
G .711
μ
= 0,8. -
= 0,8 + 0,32 + 0,22 + 0,8 = 2,14. = 1/100 + 2,14 = 2,15.
,
70
μ ρ = 2,14/2,15 = 0,λλ5.
μ
,
-
/
,
LAN, PBX NV 5
τμ τ = 36354,44/0,λλ5 = 36537,13 ( , V5:
-
/ ).
2 90 180,
J N j _V 5
N PBX
M N m _V 5
N LAN
I Ni _ LAN
3 100 300, 8 40 320.
MEGACO,
,
, ksig [( PÒô Î
VMEGACO
,
, ρ,
Ï
· NÒô Î
Ï
-
μ
PISDN · N ISDN PV 5 · NV 5
PPBX ·N PBX ) ·LMEGACO · N MEGACO ]
= 5·150·10 (5·5000+10·500+35·180+35·300)/450=780000 (
VMEGACO
PISDN ·N ISDN ·Liua ·Niua ) /λ0=10·500·155·10/λ0=86111 (
VISDN
/ ),
( Pv5·Nv5·Lv5ua ·Nv5ua ) /λ0=35·180·145·10/λ0=101500 (
Vv5
/ ),
( PPBX ·NPBX ·Liua ·Niua ) / λ0=35·300·155·10/λ0=180833 (
VPBX
( PSH ·NSH ·LSH ·N’SH ) / λ0=100·10·140·10/λ0=15556 (
VSH
/ ),
/ ),
( PSH ·NLAN ·LSH ·N’SH ) / λ0=140·10·320·10/λ0=49778 (
VLAN
/ ). μ
/ ).
7.2.
, PCALL
μ P
Òô Î Ï
PV 5 NV 5
PCALL
N
Òô Î Ï
PPBX N PBX
PISDN N ISDN
PSH N SH
PSH N LAN ,
= 5·5000 + 10·500 + 10·100 + 35·180 + 35·300 + 10·320 = 51000 (
/
). -
PCALL : J
PSX
k
Òô Î Ï
P
Òô Î Ï
N
Òô Î Ï
kISDN PISDN N ISDN
M
kPBX PPBX
m 1
kV 5 PV 5
j 1
N j _V 5
I
N m _ PBX
kSH PSH N SH
kSH PSH
i 1
Ni _ LAN .
71
PSX
= 1,25·5·5000 + 1,75·10·500 + 2·35·180 + 1,75·35·300 + 1,λ·10·100 + + 1,λ·10·320 = 78λ55 ( / ) (L)
,
L = 1;
,
μ
Nl _ E1 30 yE1.
Yl _ GW
(
),
= 5·30·0,8 = 120 (
Yl _ GW
). -
,
μ = 36537,13 ( ,
,
/ ). -
MEGACO: Vmegaco
ksig Lmegaco Nmegaco Pmegaco / 450
Vmegaco =
5·150·10·6000/450 = 100000 (
, VGW
VGW
VMEGACO
= 5·30·1000=150000 (
L
,
72
l 1
30 PCH
sig
l 1
). -
Nl _ E1.
μ
Pl _ gw
=150000= Pi _ GW =150000 (
MxUA, k
/
L
Pl _ GW
Psx Psx
/ ).
, PSX
Vsx _ mxua
(
,
μ
μ
MGW / ).
,
μ N1_ Å1·30·Pch
/ ), / ).
= 365370 + 100000 = 465370 (
l, P1_ gw
(
/
– L=1,
).
Softswitch, μ
·Lmxua · N mxua ·Psx / 450 5·160·10·150000 / 4502666667(áèò / ñ) .
-
,
μ
MGCP, ksig ·Lmegaco ·N megaco ·Psx / 4505·150·10·150000 / 450
Vsx _ megaco
, Vsx
,
-
2500000 áèò / ñ .
Softswitch, -
μ ksig ·Psig · ( Lmxua ·N mxua
Lmegaco ·N megaco ) / 450
2666667 2500000 5166667 áèò / ñ .
MxUA, (
, )μ ksig ·Psig ·Lmxua ·N mxua / 450
Vsig
5·18000·160·10 / 450
320000 áèò / ñ .
IMS
7.3.
S-CSCF .
S-CSCF Vss
s csc f
Nsip1
10
Nsip2
5
Nsip3
5
Nsip4
10
Lsip X% Y% Nsip5
140 15% 40% 15
, Softswitch:
ksig ( Lsh ·Nsip1·Psx ) / 450
5·140·10·150000 / 450
, S-CSCF Vas
s csc f
ksig ( Lsh ·N sip 2 ·Psx · X %) / 450
, S-CSCF
7
2333333 (áèò / ñ).
(AS): 5·140·5·150000·0,15 / 450 175000 (
/ ).
-
MRF:
73
Vmrf
ksig ( Lsh ·N sip 3 ·Psx ·Y%) / 450
s csc f
Vs Vss
Vi
csc f s csc f
/ ).
-
ksig ( Lsh ·Nsip 4 ·Psx ) / 450 5·140·10·150000 / 450
csc f s csc f
466667 (
, I-CSCF:
S-CSCF Vi
5·140·5·150000·0, 4 / 450
csc f s csc f
Vmrf
Vas
s csc f
2333333 (áèò / ñ).
s csc f
2333333 175000 466667 2333333 5308333 (áèò / ñ).
I-CSCF
Softswitch
I-CSCF ( SIP
. 28),
-
: Vss
Vi
i csc f
csc f
ksig · ( Lsh ·Nsip 5·Psx ) / 450 5·140·15·150000 / 450
Vss
i csc f
Vi
csc f s csc f
3500000 5308333
, (
3500000 (áèò / ñ).
8808333 (áèò / ñ).
,
.4 «
»), .
SG SIG TR
TG
48 H.2 Vss_s-cscf=2,3 /
Vss_i-scscf=3,5
/
SIP
ET ER
SIP
SIP
MRF
DI AM
P-CSCF
SIP
Vmrf_s-cscf=0,5
HSS
I-CSCF
SI P
SIP
Е Ь
SS
AN
Vi-cscf_s-cscf= 2,3 /
/
ETER
DIAM
SIP
S-CSCF Vas_s-cscf=0,2
AS
/
P SI
SIP
P SI
AS AS
IMS
. 28.
74
IMS.
S-CSCF
I-CSCF
. . SШПЭЬаТЭМС/
-
.–
, И. . NGNμ ; . . . . – .μ , 2008. , . . / . . . . 2. – . μ , 2005. , . . SIP / . . , . . ; « ». – .: , 2005. 5. , . . Megaco/H.248 / . . , . . . . ; « ». – – , 2009.
/
1. , . : BHV, 2006. 2. . . 3. 1. 4. . .
. .
,
. .
; . –
,
, . :
6. http://www.niits.ru/ 7. http://www.skri.sut.ru/ 8. http://www.protei.ru/
75